CELEX ID: 22017A0914(01)

--- ENGLISH ---

Document:
14.9.2017
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
L 236/3
AMENDMENT TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER
Article I
Amendment
Article 1, paragraph 4
In paragraph 4 of Article 1 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Annex C or Annex E’ there shall be substituted:
‘Annex C, Annex E or Annex F’
Article 2, paragraph 5
In paragraph 5 of Article 2 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘and Article 2H’ there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2H and 2J’
Article 2, paragraphs 8 (a), 9(a) and 11
In paragraphs 8 (a) and 11 of Article 2 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Articles 2A to 2I’ there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2A to 2J’
The following words shall be added at the end of subparagraph (a) of paragraph 8 of Article 2 of the Protocol:
‘Any such agreement may be extended to include obligations respecting consumption or production under Article 2J provided that the total combined calculated level of consumption or production of the Parties concerned does not exceed the levels required by Article 2J.’
In subparagraph (a) (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Protocol, after the second use of the words:
‘should be;’
there shall be deleted:
‘and’
Subparagraph (a) (ii) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Protocol shall be renumbered as subparagraph (a) (iii).
The following shall be added as subparagraph (a) (ii) after subparagraph (a) (i) of paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Protocol:
‘Adjustments to the global warming potentials specified in Group I of Annex A, Annex C and Annex F should be made and, if so, what the adjustments should be; and’
Article 2J
The following Article shall be inserted after Article 2I of the Protocol:
‘Article 2J: Hydrofluorocarbons
1.   Each Party shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 2019, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Annex F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents, does not exceed the percentage, set out for the respective range of years specified in subparagraphs (a) to (e) below, of the annual average of its calculated levels of consumption of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013, plus fifteen per cent of its calculated level of consumption of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 1 of Article 2F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents:
(a)
2019 to 2023: 90 per cent
(b)
2024 to 2028: 60 per cent
(c)
2029 to 2033: 30 per cent
(d)
2034 to 2035: 20 per cent
(e)
2036 and thereafter: 15 per cent
2.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Article, the Parties may decide that a Party shall ensure that, for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 2020, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of consumption of the controlled substances in Annex F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents, does not exceed the percentage, set out for the respective range of years specified in subparagraphs (a) to (e) below, of the annual average of its calculated levels of consumption of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013, plus twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of consumption of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 1 of Article 2F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents:
(a)
2020 to 2024: 95 per cent
(b)
2025 to 2028: 65 per cent
(c)
2029 to 2033: 30 per cent
(d)
2034 to 2035: 20 per cent
(e)
2036 and thereafter: 15 per cent
3.   Each Party producing the controlled substances in Annex F shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 2019, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled substances in Annex F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents, does not exceed the percentage, set out for the respective range of years specified in subparagraphs (a) to (e) below, of the annual average of its calculated levels of production of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013, plus fifteen per cent of its calculated level of production of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 2 of Article 2F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents:
(a)
2019 to 2023: 90 per cent
(b)
2024 to 2028: 60 per cent
(c)
2029 to 2033: 30 per cent
(d)
2034 to 2035: 20 per cent
(e)
2036 and thereafter: 15 per cent
4.   Notwithstanding paragraph 3 of this Article, the Parties may decide that a Party producing the controlled substances in Annex F shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 2020, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its calculated level of production of the controlled substances in Annex F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents, does not exceed the percentage, set out for the respective range of years specified in subparagraphs (a) to (e) below, of the annual average of its calculated levels of production of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013, plus twenty-five per cent of its calculated level of production of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 2 of Article 2F, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents:
(a)
2020 to 2024: 95 per cent
(b)
2025 to 2028: 65 per cent
(c)
2029 to 2033: 30 per cent
(d)
2034 to 2035: 20 per cent
(e)
2036 and thereafter: 15 per cent
5.   Paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article will apply save to the extent that the Parties decide to permit the level of production or consumption that is necessary to satisfy uses agreed by the Parties to be exempted uses.
6.   Each Party manufacturing Annex C, Group I, or Annex F substances shall ensure that for the twelve-month period commencing on 1 January 2020, and in each twelve-month period thereafter, its emissions of Annex F, Group II, substances generated in each production facility that manufactures Annex C, Group I, or Annex F substances are destroyed to the extent practicable using technology approved by the Parties in the same twelve-month period.
7.   Each Party shall ensure that any destruction of Annex F, Group II, substances generated by facilities that produce Annex C, Group I, or Annex F substances shall occur only by technologies approved by the Parties.’
Article 3
The preamble to Article 3 of the Protocol should be replaced with the following:
‘1.   For the purposes of Articles 2, 2A to 2J and 5, each Party shall, for each group of substances in Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, Annex E or Annex F, determine its calculated levels of:’
For the final semi-colon of subparagraph (a) (i) of Article 3 of the Protocol there shall be substituted:
‘, except as otherwise specified in paragraph 2;’
The following text shall be added to the end of Article 3 of the Protocol:
‘; and
(d)
Emissions of Annex F, Group II, substances generated in each facility that generates Annex C, Group I, or Annex F substances by including, among other things, amounts emitted from equipment leaks, process vents and destruction devices, but excluding amounts captured for use, destruction or storage.
2.   When calculating levels, expressed in CO
2
 equivalents, of production, consumption, imports, exports and emissions of Annex F and Annex C, Group I, substances for the purposes of Article 2J, paragraph 5 bis of Article 2 and paragraph 1 (d) of Article 3, each Party shall use the global warming potentials of those substances specified in Group I of Annex A, Annex C and Annex F.’
Article 4, paragraph 1 sept
The following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 1 sex of Article 4 of the Protocol:
‘1 sept.   Upon entry into force of this paragraph, each Party shall ban the import of the controlled substances in Annex F from any State not Party to this Protocol.’
Article 4, paragraph 2 sept
The following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 2 sex of Article 4 of the Protocol:
‘2 sept.   Upon entry into force of this paragraph, each Party shall ban the export of the controlled substances in Annex F to any State not Party to this Protocol.’
Article 4, paragraphs 5, 6 and 7
In paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of Article 4 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Annexes A, B, C and E’ there shall be substituted:
‘Annexes A, B, C, E and F’
Article 4, paragraphs 8
In paragraph 8 of Article 4 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Articles 2A to 2I’ there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2A to 2J’
Article 4B
The following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 2 of Article 4B of the Protocol:
‘2 bis.   Each Party shall, by 1 January 2019 or within three months of the date of entry into force of this paragraph for it, whichever is later, establish and implement a system for licensing the import and export of new, used, recycled and reclaimed controlled substances in Annex F. Any Party operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 that decides it is not in a position to establish and implement such a system by 1 January 2019 may delay taking those actions until 1 January 2021.’
Article 5
In paragraph 4 of Article 5 of the Protocol, for the word:
‘2I’
there shall be substituted:
‘2J’
In paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 5 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Article 2I’
there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2I and 2J’
In paragraph 5 of Article 5 of the Protocol, before the words:
‘any control measures’ there shall be inserted:
‘with’
The following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 8 ter of Article 5 of the Protocol:
‘8 qua
(a)
Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article, subject to any adjustments made to the control measures in Article 2J in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 2, shall be entitled to delay its compliance with the control measures set out in subparagraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 2J and subparagraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph 3 of Article 2J and modify those measures as follows:
(i)
2024 to 2028: 100 per cent
(ii)
2029 to 2034: 90 per cent
(iii)
2035 to 2039: 70 per cent
(iv)
2040 to 2044: 50 per cent
(v)
2045 and thereafter: 20 per cent
(b)
Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) above, the Parties may decide that a Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article, subject to any adjustments made to the control measures in Article 2J in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 2, shall be entitled to delay its compliance with the control measures set out in subparagraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 2J and subparagraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph 3 of Article 2J and modify those measures as follows:
(i)
2028 to 2031: 100 per cent
(ii)
2032 to 2036: 90 per cent
(iii)
2037 to 2041: 80 per cent
(iv)
2042 to 2046: 70 per cent
(v)
2047 and thereafter: 15 per cent
(c)
Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article, for the purposes of calculating its consumption baseline under Article 2J, shall be entitled to use the average of its calculated levels of consumption of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, plus sixty-five per cent of its baseline consumption of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 8 ter of this Article.
(d)
Notwithstanding subparagraph (c) above, the Parties may decide that a Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article, for the purposes of calculating its consumption baseline under Article 2J, shall be entitled to use the average of its calculated levels of consumption of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2024, 2025 and 2026, plus sixty-five per cent of its baseline consumption of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 8 ter of this Article.
(e)
Each Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article and producing the controlled substances in Annex F, for the purposes of calculating its production baseline under Article 2J, shall be entitled to use the average of its calculated levels of production of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022, plus sixty-five per cent of its baseline production of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 8 ter of this Article.
(f)
Notwithstanding subparagraph (e) above, the Parties may decide that a Party operating under paragraph 1 of this Article and producing the controlled substances in Annex F, for the purposes of calculating its production baseline under Article 2J, shall be entitled to use the average of its calculated levels of production of Annex F controlled substances for the years 2024, 2025 and 2026, plus sixty-five per cent of its baseline production of Annex C, Group I, controlled substances as set out in paragraph 8 ter of this Article.
(g)
Subparagraphs (a) to (f) of this paragraph will apply to calculated levels of production and consumption save to the extent that a high-ambient-temperature exemption applies based on criteria decided by the Parties.’
Article 6
In Article 6 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Articles 2A to 2I’ there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2A to 2J’
Article 7, paragraphs 2, 3 and 3 ter
The following line shall be inserted after the line that reads ‘- in Annex E, for the year 1991,’ in paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the Protocol:
‘—
in Annex F, for the years 2011 to 2013, except that Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 shall provide such data for the years 2020 to 2022, but those Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 to which subparagraphs (d) and (f) of paragraph 8 qua of Article 5 applies shall provide such data for the years 2024 to 2026;’
In paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 7 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘C and E’
there shall be substituted:
‘C, E and F’
The following paragraph shall be added to Article 7 of the Protocol after paragraph 3 bis:
‘3 ter.   Each Party shall provide to the Secretariat statistical data on its annual emissions of Annex F, Group II, controlled substances per facility in accordance with paragraph 1 (d) of Article 3 of the Protocol.’
Article 7, paragraph 4
In paragraph 4 of Article 7, after the words:
‘statistical data on’ and ‘provides data on’ there shall be added:
‘production,’
Article 10, paragraph 1
In paragraph 1 of Article 10 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘and Article 2I’
There shall be substituted:
‘, Article 2I and Article 2J’
The following shall be inserted at the end of paragraph 1 of Article 10 of the Protocol:
‘Where a Party operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 chooses to avail itself of funding from any other financial mechanism that could result in meeting any part of its agreed incremental costs, that part shall not be met by the financial mechanism under Article 10 of this Protocol.’
Article 17
In Article 17 of the Protocol, for the words:
‘Articles 2A to 2I’ there shall be substituted:
‘Articles 2A to 2J’
Annex A
The following table shall replace the table for Group I in Annex A to the Protocol:
Group
Substance
Ozone-Depleting Potential*
100-Year Global Warming Potential
Group I
CFCl
3
(CFC-11)
1,0
4 750
CF
2
Cl
2
(CFC-12)
1,0
10 900
C
2
F
3
Cl
3
(CFC-113)
0,8
6 130
C
2
F
4
Cl
2
(CFC-114)
1,0
10 000
C
2
F
5
Cl
(CFC-115)
0,6
7 370
Annex C and Annex F
The following table shall replace the table for Group I in Annex C to the Protocol:
Group
Substance
Number of isomers
Ozone-Depleting Potential*
100-Year Global Warming Potential***
Group I
CHFCl
2
(HCFC-21)**
1
0,04
151
CHF
2
Cl
(HCFC-22)**
1
0,055
1 810
CHFCl
(HCFC-31)
1
0,02
C
2
HFCl
4
(HCFC-121)
2
0,01-0,04
C
2
HF
2
Cl
3
(HCFC-122)
3
0,02-0,08
C
2
HF
3
Cl
2
(HCFC-123)
3
0,02-0,06
77
CHCl
2
CF
3
(HCFC-123)**
—
0,02
C
2
HF
4
Cl
(HCFC-124)
2
0,02-0,04
609
CHFClCF
3
(HCFC-124)**
—
0,022
C
2
H
2
FCl
3
(HCFC-131)
3
0,007-0,05
C
2
H
2
F
2
Cl
2
(HCFC-132)
4
0,008-0,05
C
2
H
2
F
3
Cl
(HCFC-133)
3
0,02-0,06
C
2
H
3
FCl
2
(HCFC-141)
3
0,005-0,07
CH
3
CFCl
2
(HCFC-141b)**
—
0,11
725
C
2
H
3
F
2
Cl
(HCFC-142)
3
0,008-0,07
CH
3
CF
2
Cl
(HCFC-142b)**
—
0,065
2 310
C
2
H
4
FCl
(HCFC-151)
2
0,003-0,005
C
3
HFCl
6
(HCFC-221)
5
0,015-0,07
C
3
HF
2
Cl
5
(HCFC-222)
9
0,01-0,09
C
3
HF
3
Cl
4
(HCFC-223)
12
0,01-0,08
C
3
HF
4
Cl
3
(HCFC-224)
12
0,01-0,09
C
3
HF
5
Cl
2
(HCFC-225)
9
0,02-0,07
CF
3
CF
2
CHCl
2
(HCFC-225ca)**
—
0,025
122
CF
2
ClCF
2
CHClF
(HCFC-225cb)**
—
0,033
595
C
3
HF
6
Cl
(HCFC-226)
5
0,02-0,10
C
3
H
2
FCl
5
(HCFC-231)
9
0,05-0,09
C
3
H
2
F
2
Cl
4
(HCFC-232)
16
0,008-0,10
C
3
H
2
F
3
Cl
3
(HCFC-233)
18
0,007-0,23
C
3
H
2
F
4
Cl
2
(HCFC-234)
16
0,01-0,28
C
3
H
2
F
5
Cl
(HCFC-235)
9
0,03-0,52
C
3
H
3
FCl
4
(HCFC-241)
12
0,004-0,09
C
3
H
3
F
2
Cl
3
(HCFC-242)
18
0,005-0,13
C
3
H
3
F
3
Cl
2
(HCFC-243)
18
0,007-0,12
C
3
H
3
F
4
Cl
(HCFC-244)
12
0,009-0,14
C
3
H
4
FCl
3
(HCFC-251)
12
0,001-0,01
C
3
H
4
F
2
Cl
2
(HCFC-252)
16
0,005-0,04
C
3
H
4
F
3
Cl
(HCFC-253)
12
0,003-0,03
C
3
H
5
FCl
2
(HCFC-261)
9
0,002-0,02
C
3
H
5
F
2
Cl
(HCFC-262)
9
0,002-0,02
C
3
H
6
FCl
(HCFC-271)
5
0,001-0,03
*
Where a range of ODPs is indicated, the highest value in that range shall be used for the purposes of the Protocol. The ODPs listed as a single value have been determined from calculations based on laboratory measurements. Those listed as a range are based on estimates and are less certain. The range pertains to an isomeric group. The upper value is the estimate of the ODP of the isomer with the highest ODP, and the lower value is the estimate of the ODP of the isomer with the lowest ODP.
**
Identifies the most commercially viable substances with ODP values listed against them to be used for the purposes of the Protocol.
***
For substances for which no GWP is indicated, the default value 0 applies until a GWP value is included by means of the procedure foreseen in paragraph 9 (a) (ii) of Article 2.
The following annex shall be added to the Protocol after Annex E:
‘
‘Annex F: Controlled substances
Group
Substance
100-Year Global Warming Potential
Group I
CHF
2
CHF
2
HFC-134
1 100
CH
2
FCF
3
HFC-134a
1 430
CH
2
FCHF
2
HFC-143
353
CHF
2
CH
2
CF
3
HFC-245fa
1 030
CF
3
CH
2
CF
2
CH
3
HFC-365mfc
794
CF
3
CHFCF
3
HFC-227ea
3 220
CH
2
FCF
2
CF
3
HFC-236cb
1 340
CHF
2
CHFCF
3
HFC-236ea
1 370
CF
3
CH
2
CF
3
HFC-236fa
9 810
CH
2
FCF
2
CHF
2
HFC-245ca
693
CF
3
CHFCHFCF
2
CF
3
HFC-43-10mee
1 640
CH
2
F
2
HFC-32
675
CHF
2
CF
3
HFC-125
3 500
CH
3
CF
3
HFC-143a
4 470
CH
3
F
HFC-41
92
CH
2
FCH
2
F
HFC-152
53
CH
3
CHF
2
HFC-152a
124
Group II
CHF
3
HFC-23
14 800
’
Article II
Relationship to the 1999 Amendment
No State or regional economic integration organization may deposit an instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Amendment unless it has previously, or simultaneously, deposited such an instrument to the Amendment adopted at the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties in Beijing, 3 December 1999.
Article III
Relationship to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol
This Amendment is not intended to have the effect of excepting hydrofluorocarbons from the scope of the commitments contained in Articles 4 and 12 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or in Articles 2, 5, 7 and 10 of its Kyoto Protocol.
Article IV
Entry into force
1.
Except as noted in paragraph 2, below, this Amendment shall enter into force on 1 January 2019, provided that at least twenty instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of the Amendment have been deposited by States or regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In the event that this condition has not been fulfilled by that date, the Amendment shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date on which it has been fulfilled.
2.
The changes to Article 4 of the Protocol, Control of trade with non-Parties, set out in Article I of this Amendment shall enter into force on 1 January 2033, provided that at least seventy instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of the Amendment have been deposited by States or regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In the event that this condition has not been fulfilled by that date, the Amendment shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date on which it has been fulfilled.
3.
For purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2, any such instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such organization.
4.
After the entry into force of this Amendment, as provided under paragraphs 1 and 2, it shall enter into force for any other Party to the Protocol on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
Article V
Provisional application
Any Party may, at any time before this Amendment enters into force for it, declare that it will apply provisionally any of the control measures set out in Article 2J, and the corresponding reporting obligations in Article 7, pending such entry into force.
Declaration by the European Union in conformity with Article 13 (3) of the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer concerning the extent of its competence with respect to the matters covered by the Convention and by the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer
The following States are at present Members of the European Union: the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
In accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 192(1) thereof, the Union has competence for entering into international agreements, and for implementing the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:
—
preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;
—
protecting human health;
—
prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;
—
promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate change.
The Union has exercised its competence in the area covered by the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol by adopting legal instruments, in particular Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (recast) 
(
1
)
, replacing earlier legislation for the protection of the ozone layer, and of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 
(
2
)
. The Union is competent for the performance of those obligations from the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol regarding which the provisions of Union legal instruments, in particular those mentioned above, establish common rules and if and insofar as such common rules are affected or altered in scope by provisions of the Vienna Convention or the Montreal Protocol or an act adopted in implementation thereof; otherwise the Union's competence continues to be shared between the Union and its Member States.
The exercise of competences by the European Union pursuant to the Treaties is, by its nature, subject to continuous development. The Union therefore reserves the right to adjust this Declaration.
In the field of research, as referred to by the Convention, the Union has competence to carry out activities, in particular to define and implement programmes; however, the exercise of that competence does not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs.
(
1
)
  
            
OJ L 286, 31.10.2009, p. 1
.
(
2
)
  
            
OJ L 150, 20.5.2014, p. 195
.

Summary:
Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer
SUMMARY OF:
Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer
Decision 88/540/EEC on the conclusion of the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer
WHAT IS THE AIM OF THE PROTOCOL AND THE DECISION?
The 
Montreal Protocol
 (to the 
Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer
) is a global agreement to protect the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
Because ODSs are also potent greenhouse gases, the phase-out is also critical to mitigating climate change. Moreover, despite the fact that hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) do not deplete the ozone, the protocol seeks to phase down their production and consumption to avoid that ODSs are replaced by the HFCs which contribute significantly to climate change.
The Montreal Protocol was agreed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989. It has been amended several times. Its most recent amendment, the 
Kigali Amendment
 calls for the gradual phase-down of HFCs.
Emissions from HFCs are covered by the 
Paris Agreement
, approved by Decision (EU) 
2016/1841
. Thus the Montreal Protocol helps to meet the objective of keeping the global temperature increase well below 
2 °C
 above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 
1.5 °C
 above pre-industrial levels.
Decision 88/540/EEC gives the EU’s legal approval for the 
Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer
 and the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, as adopted by its Parties on 
15 September 1987
.
KEY POINTS
The EU and the EU countries are Parties to the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol.
The Protocol includes provisions relating to: 
control measures (Article 2)
calculation of control levels (Article 3)
control of trade with non-Parties (Article 4)
the special situation of developing countries (Article 5)
reporting of data (Article 7)
non-compliance (Article 8)
financial mechanism
technical assistance (Article 10), as well as other topics.
The substances controlled are listed in Annexes: A (Chlorofluorocarbons — CFCs, halons), B (other fully halogenated CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform), C (hydrochlorofluorocarbons — HCFCs, hydrobromofluorocarbons — HBFCs and bromochloromethane), E (methyl bromide) and F (HFCs).
The Montreal Protocol envisages a phase-out of the consumption and production of the ozone-depleting substances and a phase-down of HFCs in a step-wise manner. There are different timetables for 
developing countries
 (referred to as Article 5 Parties) and 
developed countries
 (referred to as non-Article 5 Parties) for each group of substances.
The timetable includes: 
CFCs
 by 
1 January 1996
 for non-Article 5 Parties and by 
1 January 2010
 for Article 5 Parties (with possible exemptions);
Halons
 by 
1 January 1994
 for non-Article 5 Parties and by 
1 January 2010
 for Article 5 Parties (with possible exemptions);
HCFCs
 by 
1 January 2020
 for non-Article 5 Parties and by 
1 January 2030
 for Article 5 Parties (with possible exemptions and a small percentage can be used for servicing existing refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment (i.e. an allowance of 
0.5 %
 of base level consumption until January 1, 2030 for servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment existing on 
1 January 2020
 for non-Article 5 Parties, and an allowance of 
2.5 %
 of base level consumption when averaged over 10 years 2030-2040 until January 1, 2040 for servicing of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment existing on 
1 January 2030
 for Article 5 Parties);
For 
HFCs
 the first reduction step for non-Article 5 Parties is in 2019, while most Article 5 Parties will start their phase-down in 2024.
Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol includes 
non-party trade rules
: These prohibit or restrict countries which are party to the Protocol from trading in controlled substances with countries not party to the Protocol. By doing so, they aim at maximising participation in the Protocol. The provisions were applied originally to the initial groups of ODSs and have been extended over time to include the additional groups of substances included in the Protocol in successive amendments.
Parties to the Montreal Protocol: 
adopt 
procedures for determining measures of non-compliance
 and for treating Parties found to be in non-compliance;
assess every 4 years, since 1990, 
implementation of the control measures
, including the possibility of adding or removing substances from the banned lists;
have 
annual reporting obligations
 on each of the controlled substances. The data must be provided to the Protocol’s 
Secretariat
;
cooperate to promote relevant best technologies
, control strategies and possible alternatives to the substances;
promote technical assistance
 to help non-Party countries participate in and implement the protocol;
hold 
regular meetings
 which are serviced by the secretariat;
provide the 
funds for the operation of the Protocol
, including for the functioning of the secretariat;
may notify their intention to 
withdraw from the Protocol
 under the conditions specified in Article 19.
FROM WHEN DO THE PROTOCOL, ITS AMENDMENTS AND THE RELATED DECISIONS APPLY?
The original Montreal Protocol entered into force on 
1 January 1989
.
Decision 88/540/EEC has applied since 
25 October 1988
.
The first 
amendment to the Montreal Protocol
, London, 1990 entered into force on 
10 August 1992
.
Decision 91/690/EEC has applied since 
23 December 1991
.
The second 
amendment to the Montreal Protocol
, Copenhagen 1992 entered into force on 
14 June 1994
.
Council Decision 94/68/EC has applied since 
14 February 1994
.
The third 
amendment to the Montreal Protocol
, Montreal, 1997 entered into force on 
10 November 1999
.
Decision 2000/646/EC has applied since 
17 October 2000
.
The fourth 
amendment to the Montreal Protocol
, Beijing, 1999 entered into force on 
25 February 2002
.
Decision 2002/215/EC has applied since 
4 March 2002
.
The fifth 
amendment to the Montreal Protocol
, Kigali, 2016 entered into force on 
1 January 2019
.
Decision (EU) 2017/1541 has applied since 
18 July 2017
.
BACKGROUND
To date, the Montreal Protocol is the only UN treaty that has been ratified by all countries of the world — all 197 UN member-countries. It represents an important milestone in the UN’s history. It evolves over time in the light of scientific, technical and economic developments. It now covers nearly 100 man-made chemicals that damage the ozone layer’s ability to protect humans and other life from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
The EU implements the protocol through its own legislation which contains stricter and more ambitious measures.
While the protocol regulates the production of the substances and their bulk trade, Regulation (EC) 
No 
1005/2009
 on 
substances that deplete the ozone layer
, for instance, prohibits their use in products and equipment and regulates and monitors substances that are not covered by the Protocol.
In addition, Regulation (EU) 
No 
517/2014
 on 
reducing fluorinated greenhouse gases
 includes an ambitious phase-down of HFCs, which started already in 2015 and which also covers HFCs contained in certain products and equipment. Regulation (EU) 
No 517/2014
 also includes prohibitions on placing on the market of certain new products and equipment containing fluorinated gases and includes several measures that prevent emissions.
For more information, see: 
Protection of the ozone layer
 (
European Commission
)
Fluorinated greenhouse gases
 (
European Commission
).
MAIN DOCUMENTS
Montreal Protocol
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer — Declaration by the European Economic Community (OJ L 297, 
31.10.1988
, 
pp. 21-28
)
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 377, 
31.12.1991
, 
pp. 30-40
)
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 33, 
7.2.1994
, 
pp. 3-10
)
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties (OJ L 272, 
25.10.2000
, 
pp. 27-28
)
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 72, 
14.3.2002
, 
pp. 20-22
)
Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 236, 
14.9.2017
, 
pp. 3-13
)
Council Decision 
88/540/EEC
 of 
14 October 1988
 concerning the conclusion of the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 297, 
31.10.1988
, 
pp. 8-9
)
Council Decision 
91/690/EEC
 of 
12 December 1991
 concerning the conclusion of the amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adopted in June 1990 in London by the Parties to the Protocol (OJ L 377, 
31.12.1991
, 
pp. 28-40
)
Council Decision 
94/68/EC
 of 
2 December 1993
 concerning the conclusion of the amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 33, 
7.2.1994
, 
pp. 1-2
)
Council Decision 
2000/646/EC
 of 
17 October 2000
 concerning the conclusion of the amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 272, 
25.10.2000
, 
p. 26
)
Council Decision 
2002/215/EC
 of 
4 March 2002
 concerning the conclusion of the Fourth Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 72, 
14.3.2002
, 
pp. 18-19
)
Council Decision (EU) 
2017/1541
 of 
17 July 2017
 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 236, 
14.9.2017
, 
pp. 1-2
)
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Paris Agreement
 (OJ L 282, 
19.10.2016
, 
pp. 4-18
)
Council Decision (EU) 
2016/1841
 of 
5 October 2016
 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Paris Agreement adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (OJ L 282, 
19.10.2016
, 
pp. 1-3
)
Regulation (EC) 
No 
1005/2009
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
16 September 2009
 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 286, 
31.10.2009
, 
pp. 1-30
)
Successive amendments to Regulation (EC) 
No 1005/2009
 have been incorporated into the original text. This 
consolidated version
 is of documentary value only.
Regulation (EU) 
No 
517/2014
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
16 April 2014
 on fluorimated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) 
No 842/2006
 (OJ L 150, 
20.5.2014
, 
pp. 195-230
)
last update 
12.12.2019

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