CELEX ID: 32014L0059

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Document:
12.6.2014
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
L 173/190
DIRECTIVE 2014/59/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 15 May 2014
establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC, and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Central Bank 
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,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee 
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,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure 
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,
Whereas:
(1)
The financial crisis has shown that there is a significant lack of adequate tools at Union level to deal effectively with unsound or failing credit institutions and investment firms (‘institutions’). Such tools are needed, in particular, to prevent insolvency or, when insolvency occurs, to minimise negative repercussions by preserving the systemically important functions of the institution concerned. During the crisis, those challenges were a major factor that forced Member States to save institutions using taxpayers’ money. The objective of a credible recovery and resolution framework is to obviate the need for such action to the greatest extent possible.
(2)
The financial crisis was of systemic dimension in the sense that it affected the access to funding of a large proportion of credit institutions. To avoid failure, with consequences for the overall economy, such a crisis necessitates measures aiming to secure access to funding under equivalent conditions for all credit institutions that are otherwise solvent. Such measures involve liquidity support from central banks and guarantees from Member States for securities issued by solvent credit institutions.
(3)
Union financial markets are highly integrated and interconnected with many institutions operating extensively beyond national borders. The failure of a cross-border institution is likely to affect the stability of financial markets in the different Member States in which it operates. The inability of Member States to seize control of a failing institution and resolve it in a way that effectively prevents broader systemic damage can undermine Member States’ mutual trust and the credibility of the internal market in the field of financial services. The stability of financial markets is, therefore, an essential condition for the establishment and functioning of the internal market.
(4)
There is currently no harmonisation of the procedures for resolving institutions at Union level. Some Member States apply to institutions the same procedures that they apply to other insolvent enterprises, which in certain cases have been adapted for institutions. There are considerable substantial and procedural differences between the laws, regulations and administrative provisions which govern the insolvency of institutions in the Member States. In addition, the financial crisis has exposed the fact that general corporate insolvency procedures may not always be appropriate for institutions as they may not always ensure sufficient speed of intervention, the continuation of the critical functions of institutions and the preservation of financial stability.
(5)
A regime is therefore needed to provide authorities with a credible set of tools to intervene sufficiently early and quickly in an unsound or failing institution so as to ensure the continuity of the institution’s critical financial and economic functions, while minimising the impact of an institution’s failure on the economy and financial system. The regime should ensure that shareholders bear losses first and that creditors bear losses after shareholders, provided that no creditor incurs greater losses than it would have incurred if the institution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings in accordance with the no creditor worse off principle as specified in this Directive. New powers should enable authorities, for example, to maintain uninterrupted access to deposits and payment transactions, sell viable portions of the institution where appropriate, and apportion losses in a manner that is fair and predictable. Those objectives should help avoid destabilising financial markets and minimise the costs for taxpayers.
(6)
The ongoing review of the regulatory framework, in particular the strengthening of capital and liquidity buffers and better tools for macro-prudential policies, should reduce the likelihood of future crises and enhance the resilience of institutions to economic stress, whether caused by systemic disturbances or by events specific to the individual institution. It is not possible, however, to devise a regulatory and supervisory framework that can prevent those institutions from ever getting into difficulties. Member States should therefore be prepared and have adequate recovery and resolution tools to handle situations involving both systemic crises and failures of individual institutions. Such tools should include mechanisms that allow authorities to deal effectively with institutions that are failing or likely to fail.
(7)
The exercise of such powers and the measures taken should take into account the circumstances in which the failure occurs. If the problem arises in an individual institution and the rest of the financial system is not affected, authorities should be able to exercise their resolution powers without much concern for contagion effects. In a fragile environment, on the other hand, greater care should be exercised to avoid destabilising financial markets.
(8)
Resolution of an institution which maintains it as a going concern may, as a last resort, involve government financial stabilisation tools, including temporary public ownership. It is therefore essential to structure the resolution powers and the financing arrangements for resolution in such a way that taxpayers are the beneficiaries of any surplus that may result from the restructuring of an institution that is put back on a safe footing by the authorities. Responsibility and assumption of risk should be accompanied by reward.
(9)
Some Member States have already enacted legislative changes that introduce mechanisms to resolve failing institutions; others have indicated their intention to introduce such mechanisms if they are not adopted at Union level. The absence of common conditions, powers and processes for the resolution of institutions is likely to constitute a barrier to the smooth operation of the internal market and hinder cooperation between national authorities when dealing with failing cross-border groups of institutions. This is particularly true where different approaches mean that national authorities do not have the same level of control or the same ability to resolve institutions. Those differences in resolution regimes may affect the funding costs of institutions differently across Member States and potentially create competitive distortions between institutions. Effective resolution regimes in all Member States are necessary to ensure that institutions cannot be restricted in the exercise of the internal market rights of establishment by the financial capacity of their home Member State to manage their failure.
(10)
Those obstacles should be eliminated and rules should be adopted in order to ensure that the internal market provisions are not undermined. To that end, rules governing the resolution of institutions should be made subject to common minimum harmonisation rules.
(11)
In order to ensure consistency with existing Union legislation in the area of financial services as well as the greatest possible level of financial stability across the spectrum of institutions, the resolution regime should apply to institutions subject to the prudential requirements laid down in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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 and Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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. The regime should also apply to financial holding companies, mixed financial holding companies provided for in Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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, mixed-activity holding companies and financial institutions, when the latter are subsidiaries of an institution or of a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company or a mixed-activity holding company and are covered by the supervision of the parent undertaking on a consolidated basis. The crisis has demonstrated that the insolvency of an entity affiliated to a group can rapidly impact the solvency of the whole group and, thus, even have its own systemic implications. Authorities should therefore possess effective means of action with respect to those entities in order to prevent contagion and produce a consistent resolution scheme for the group as a whole, as the insolvency of an entity affiliated to a group could rapidly impact the solvency of the whole group.
(12)
To ensure consistency in the regulatory framework, central counterparties, as defined in Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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 and central securities depositories as defined in Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on central securities depositories (CSDs) and amending Directive 98/26/EC could be covered by a separate legislative initiative establishing a recovery and resolution framework for those entities.
(13)
The use of resolution tools and powers provided for in this Directive may disrupt the rights of shareholders and creditors. In particular, the power of the authorities to transfer the shares or all or part of the assets of an institution to a private purchaser without the consent of shareholders affects the property rights of shareholders. In addition, the power to decide which liabilities to transfer out of a failing institution based upon the objectives of ensuring the continuity of services and avoiding adverse effects on financial stability may affect the equal treatment of creditors. Accordingly, resolution action should be taken only where necessary in the public interest and any interference with rights of shareholders and creditors which results from resolution action should be compatible with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter). In particular, where creditors within the same class are treated differently in the context of resolution action, such distinctions should be justified in the public interest and proportionate to the risks being addressed and should be neither directly nor indirectly discriminatory on the grounds of nationality.
(14)
Authorities should take into account the nature of an institution’s business, shareholding structure, legal form, risk profile, size, legal status and interconnectedness to other institutions or to the financial system in general, the scope and complexity of its activities, whether it is a member of an institutional protection scheme or other cooperative mutual solidarity systems, whether it exercises any investment services or activities and whether its failure and subsequent winding up under normal insolvency proceedings would be likely to have a significant negative effect on financial markets, on other institutions, on funding conditions, or on the wider economy in the context of recovery and resolution plans and when using the different powers and tools at their disposal, making sure that the regime is applied in an appropriate and proportionate way and that the administrative burden relating to the recovery and resolution plan preparation obligations is minimised. Whereas the contents and information specified in this Directive and in Annexes A, B and C establish a minimum standard for institutions with evident systemic relevance, authorities are permitted to apply different or significantly reduced recovery and resolution planning and information requirements on an institution-specific basis, and at a lower frequency for updates than one year. For a small institution of little interconnectedness and complexity, a recovery plan could be reduced to some basic information on its structure, triggers for recovery actions and recovery options. If an institution could be permitted to go insolvent, then the resolution plan could be reduced. Further, the regime should be applied so that the stability of financial markets is not jeopardised. In particular, in situations characterised by broader problems or even doubts about the resilience of many institutions, it is essential that authorities consider the risk of contagion from the actions taken in relation to any individual institution.
(15)
In order to ensure the required speed of action, to guarantee independence from economic actors and to avoid conflicts of interest, Member States should appoint public administrative authorities or authorities entrusted with public administrative powers to perform the functions and tasks in relation to resolution pursuant to this Directive. Member States should ensure that appropriate resources are allocated to those resolution authorities. The designation of public authorities should not exclude delegation under the responsibility of a resolution authority. However, it is not necessary to prescribe the type of authority or authorities that Member States should appoint as a resolution authority. While harmonisation of that aspect may facilitate coordination, it would considerably interfere with the constitutional and administrative systems of Member States. A sufficient degree of coordination can still be achieved with a less intrusive requirement: all the national authorities involved in the resolution of institutions should be represented in resolution colleges, where coordination at cross-border or Union level should take place. Member States should therefore be free to choose which authorities should be responsible for applying the resolution tools and exercising the powers laid down in this Directive. Where a Member State designates the authority responsible for the prudential supervision of institutions (competent authority) as a resolution authority, adequate structural arrangements should be put in place to separate the supervisory and resolution functions. That separation should not prevent the resolution function from having access to any information available to the supervisory function.
(16)
In light of the consequences that the failure of an institution may have on the financial system and the economy of a Member State as well as the possible need to use public funds to resolve a crisis, the Ministries of Finance or other relevant ministries in the Member States should be closely involved, at an early stage, in the process of crisis management and resolution.
(17)
Effective resolution of institutions or group entities operating across the Union requires cooperation among competent authorities and resolution authorities within supervisory and resolution colleges at all the stages covered by this Directive, from the preparation of recovery and resolution plans to the actual resolution of an institution. In the event of disagreement between national authorities on decisions to be taken in accordance with this Directive with regard to institutions, the European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority) (‘EBA’), established by Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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 should, where specified in this Directive, as a last resort, play a mediation role. In certain cases, this Directive provides for binding mediation by EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. Such binding mediation does not prevent non-binding mediation in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 in other cases.
(18)
In the resolution of institutions or groups operating across the Union, the decisions taken should also aim to preserve financial stability and minimise economic and social effects in the Member States where the institution or group operates.
(19)
In order to deal in an efficient manner with failing institutions, authorities should have the power to impose preparatory and preventative measures.
(20)
Given the extension of EBA’s responsibilities and tasks as laid down in this Directive, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission should ensure that adequate human and financial resources are made available without delay. For that purpose, the procedure for the establishment, implementation and control of its budget as referred to in Articles 63 and 64 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 should take due account of those tasks. The European Parliament and the Council should ensure that the best standards of efficiency are met.
(21)
It is essential that institutions prepare and regularly update recovery plans that set out measures to be taken by those institutions for the restoration of their financial position following a significant deterioration. Such plans should be detailed and based on realistic assumptions applicable in a range of robust and severe scenarios. The requirement to prepare a recovery plan should, however, be applied proportionately, reflecting the systemic importance of the institution or the group and its interconnectedness, including through mutual guarantee schemes. Accordingly, the required content should take into account the nature of the institution’s sources of funding, including mutually guaranteed funding or liabilities, and the degree to which group support would be credibly available. Institutions should be required to submit their plans to competent authorities for a complete assessment, including whether the plans are comprehensive and could feasibly restore an institution’s viability, in a timely manner, even in periods of severe financial stress.
(22)
Recovery plans should include possible measures which could be taken by the management of the institution where the conditions for early intervention are met.
(23)
In determining whether a private sector action could prevent the failure of an institution within a reasonable timeframe, the relevant authority should take into account the effectiveness of early intervention measures undertaken within the timeframe predetermined by the competent authority. In the case of group recovery plans, the potential impact of the recovery measures on all the Member States where the group operates should be taken into account while drawing up the plans.
(24)
Where an institution does not present an adequate recovery plan, competent authorities should be empowered to require that institution to take measures necessary to redress the material deficiencies of the plan. That requirement may affect the freedom to conduct a business as guaranteed by Article 16 of the Charter. The limitation of that fundamental right is however necessary to meet the objectives of financial stability. More specifically, such a limitation is necessary in order to strengthen the business of institutions and avoid institutions growing excessively or taking excessive risks without being able to tackle setbacks and losses and to restore their capital base. The limitation is proportionate because it permits preventative action to the extent that it is necessary to address the deficiencies and therefore complies with Article 52 of the Charter.
(25)
Resolution planning is an essential component of effective resolution. Authorities should have all the information necessary in order to identify and ensure the continuance of critical functions. The content of a resolution plan should, however, be proportionate to the systemic importance of the institution or group.
(26)
Because of the institution’s privileged knowledge of its own functioning and any problems arising from it, resolution plans should be drawn up by resolution authorities on the basis of, inter alia, the information provided by the institutions concerned.
(27)
In order to comply with the principle of proportionality and to avoid excessive administrative burden, the possibility for competent authorities and, where relevant, resolution authorities, to waive the requirements relating to the preparation of the recovery and resolution plans on a case-by-case basis should be allowed in the limited cases specified in this Directive. Such cases comprise institutions affiliated to a central body and wholly or partially exempt from prudential requirements in national law in accordance with Article 21 of Directive 2013/36/EU and institutions which belong to an institutional protection scheme in accordance with Article 113(7) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. In each case the granting of a waiver should be subject to the conditions specified in this Directive.
(28)
Having regard to the capital structure of institutions affiliated to a central body, for the purposes of this Directive, those institutions should not be obliged to each draw up separate recovery or resolution plans solely on the grounds that the central body to which they are affiliated is under the direct supervision of the European Central Bank.
(29)
Resolution authorities, on the basis of the assessment of resolvability by the relevant resolution authorities, should have the power to require changes to the structure and organisation of institutions directly or indirectly through the competent authority, to take measures which are necessary and proportionate to reduce or remove material impediments to the application of resolution tools and ensure the resolvability of the entities concerned. Due to the potentially systemic nature of all institutions, it is crucial, in order to maintain financial stability, that authorities have the possibility to resolve any institution. In order to respect the right to conduct business laid down in Article 16 of the Charter, the authorities’ discretion should be limited to what is necessary in order to simplify the structure and operations of the institution solely to improve its resolvability. In addition, any measure imposed for such purposes should be consistent with Union law. Measures should be neither directly nor indirectly discriminatory on the grounds of nationality, and should be justified by the overriding reason of being conducted in the public interest in financial stability. Furthermore, action should not go beyond the minimum necessary to attain the objectives sought. When determining the measures to be taken, resolution authorities should take into account the warnings and recommendations of the European Systemic Risk Board established by Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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(30)
Measures proposed to address or remove impediments to the resolvability of an institution or a group should not prevent institutions from exercising the right of establishment conferred on them by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (‘TFEU).
(31)
Recovery and resolution plans should not assume access to extraordinary public financial support or expose taxpayers to the risk of loss.
(32)
The group treatment for recovery and resolution planning provided for in this Directive should apply to all groups of institutions supervised on a consolidated basis, including groups whose undertakings are linked by a relationship within the meaning of Article 22(7) of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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. The recovery and resolution plans should take into account the financial, technical and business structure of the relevant group. If individual recovery and resolution plans for institutions that are a part of a group are prepared, the relevant authorities should aim to achieve, to the extent possible, consistency with recovery and resolution plans for the rest of the group.
(33)
It should be the general rule that the group recovery and resolution plans are prepared for the group as a whole and identify measures in relation to a parent institution as well as all individual subsidiaries that are part of a group. The relevant authorities, acting within the resolution college, should make every effort to reach a joint decision on the assessment and adoption of those plans. However, in specific cases where an individual recovery or resolution plan has been drawn up, the scope of the group recovery plan assessed by the consolidating supervisor or the group resolution plan decided by the group-level resolution authority should not cover those group entities for which the individual plans have been assessed or prepared by the relevant authorities.
(34)
In the case of group resolution plans, the potential impact of the resolution measures in all the Member States where the group operates should be specifically taken into account in the drawing up of group resolution plans. The resolution authorities of the Member States where the group has subsidiaries should be involved in the drawing up of the plan.
(35)
Recovery and resolution plans should include procedures for informing and consulting employee representatives throughout the recovery and resolution processes where appropriate. Where applicable, collective agreements, or other arrangements provided for by social partners, as well as national and Union law on the involvement of trade unions and workers’ representatives in company restructuring processes, should be complied with in that regard.
(36)
Given the sensitivity of the information contained in them, confidential information in the recovery and resolution plans should be subject to the confidentiality provisions as laid down in this Directive.
(37)
The competent authorities should transmit the recovery plans and any changes thereto to the relevant resolution authorities, and the latter should transmit the resolution plans and any changes thereto to the former, in order to permanently keep every relevant resolution authority fully informed.
(38)
The provision of financial support from one entity of a cross-border group to another entity of the same group is currently restricted by a number of provisions laid down in national law in some Member States. Those provisions are designed to protect the creditors and shareholders of each entity. Those provisions, however, do not take into account the interdependency of the entities of the same group. It is, therefore, appropriate to set out under which conditions financial support may be transferred among entities of a cross-border group of institutions with a view to ensuring the financial stability of the group as a whole without jeopardising the liquidity or solvency of the group entity providing the support. Financial support between group entities should be voluntary and should be subject to appropriate safeguards. It is appropriate that the exercise of the right of establishment is not directly or indirectly made conditional by Member States to the existence of an agreement to provide financial support. The provisions regarding intra-group financial support in this Directive do not affect contractual or statutory liability arrangements between institutions which protect the participating institutions through cross-guarantees and equivalent arrangements. Where a competent authority restricts or prohibits intragroup financial support and where the group recovery plan makes reference to intragroup financial support, such a prohibition or restriction should be considered to be a material change for the purpose of reviewing the recovery plan.
(39)
During the recovery and early intervention phases laid down in this Directive, shareholders should retain full responsibility and control of the institution except when a temporary administrator has been appointed by the competent authority. They should no longer retain such a responsibility once the institution has been put under resolution.
(40)
In order to preserve financial stability, it is important that competent authorities are able to remedy the deterioration of an institution’s financial and economic situation before that institution reaches a point at which authorities have no other alternative than to resolve it. To that end, competent authorities should be granted early intervention powers, including the power to appoint a temporary administrator, either to replace or to temporarily work with the management body and senior management of an institution. The task of the temporary administrator should be to exercise any powers conferred on it with a view to promoting solutions to redress the financial situation of the institution. The appointment of the temporary administrator should not unduly interfere with rights of the shareholders or owners or procedural obligations established under Union or national company law and should respect international obligations of the Union or Member States, relating to investment protection. The early intervention powers should include those already provided for in Directive 2013/36/EU for circumstances other than those considered to be early intervention as well as other situations considered to be necessary to restore the financial soundness of an institution.
(41)
The resolution framework should provide for timely entry into resolution before a financial institution is balance-sheet insolvent and before all equity has been fully wiped out. Resolution should be initiated when a competent authority, after consulting a resolution authority, determines that an institution is failing or likely to fail and alternative measures as specified in this Directive would prevent such a failure within a reasonable timeframe. Exceptionally, Member States may provide that, in addition to the competent authority, the determination that the institution is failing or likely to fail can be made also by the resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority. The fact that an institution does not meet the requirements for authorisation should not justify per-se the entry into resolution, especially if the institution is still or likely to still be viable. An institution should be considered to be failing or likely to fail when it infringes or is likely in the near future to infringe the requirements for continuing authorisation, when the assets of the institution are or are likely in the near future to be less than its liabilities, when the institution is or is likely in the near future to be unable to pay its debts as they fall due, or when the institution requires extraordinary public financial support except in the particular circumstances laid down in this Directive. The need for emergency liquidity assistance from a central bank should not, per se, be a condition that sufficiently demonstrates that an institution is or will be, in the near future, unable to pay its liabilities as they fall due.
If that facility were guaranteed by a State, an institution accessing such a facility would be subject to the State aid framework. In order to preserve financial stability, in particular in the case of a systemic liquidity shortage, State guarantees on liquidity facilities provided by central banks or State guarantees of newly issued liabilities to remedy a serious disturbance in the economy of a Member State should not trigger the resolution framework provided that a number of conditions are met. In particular, the State guarantee measures should be approved under the State aid framework and should not be part of a larger aid package, and the use of the guarantee measures should be strictly limited in time. Member States guarantees for equity claims should be prohibited. When providing a guarantee for newly issued liabilities other than equity, a Member State should ensure that the guarantee is sufficiently remunerated by the institution. Furthermore, the provision of extraordinary public financial support should not trigger resolution where, as a precautionary measure, a Member State takes an equity stake in an institution, including an institution which is publicly owned, which complies with its capital requirements. This may be the case, for example, where an institution is required to raise new capital due to the outcome of a scenario-based stress test or of the equivalent exercise conducted by macroprudential authorities which includes a requirement that is set to maintain financial stability in the context of a systemic crisis, but the institution is unable to raise capital privately in markets. An institution should not be considered to be failing or likely to fail solely on the basis that extraordinary public financial support was provided before the entry into force of this Directive. Finally, access to liquidity facilities including emergency liquidity assistance by central banks may constitute State aid pursuant to the State aid framework.
(42)
In the event of resolution of a group with cross-border activity, any resolution action should take into account the potential impact of the resolution in all the Member States where the institution or the group operates.
(43)
The powers of resolution authorities should also apply to holding companies where both the holding company is failing or likely to fail and a subsidiary institution, whether in the Union or in a third country, is failing or likely to fail. In addition, notwithstanding the fact that a holding company might not be failing or likely to fail, the powers of resolution authorities should apply to the holding company where one or more subsidiary institutions meet the conditions for resolution, or a third-country institution meets the conditions for resolution in that third country and the application of the resolution tools and powers in relation to the holding company is necessary for the resolution of one or more of its subsidiaries or for the resolution of the group as a whole.
(44)
Where an institution is failing or likely to fail, national resolution authorities should have at their disposal a minimum harmonised set of resolution tools and powers. Their exercise should be subject to common conditions, objectives, and general principles. Once the resolution authority has taken the decision to put the institution under resolution, normal insolvency proceedings should be excluded except if they need to be combined with the use of the resolution tools and at the initiative of the resolution authority. Member States should be able to confer on the resolution authorities powers and tools in addition to those conferred on them under this Directive. The use of those additional tools and powers, however, should be consistent with the resolution principles and objectives as laid down in this Directive. In particular, the use of such tools or powers should not impinge on the effective resolution of cross-border groups.
(45)
In order to avoid moral hazard, any failing institution should be able to exit the market, irrespective of its size and interconnectedness, without causing systemic disruption. A failing institution should in principle be liquidated under normal insolvency proceedings. However, liquidation under normal insolvency proceedings might jeopardise financial stability, interrupt the provision of critical functions, and affect the protection of depositors. In such a case it is highly likely that there would be a public interest in placing the institution under resolution and applying resolution tools rather than resorting to normal insolvency proceedings. The objectives of resolution should therefore be to ensure the continuity of critical functions, to avoid adverse effects on financial stability, to protect public funds by minimising reliance on extraordinary public financial support to failing institutions and to protect covered depositors, investors, client funds and client assets.
(46)
The winding up of a failing institution through normal insolvency proceedings should always be considered before resolution tools are applied. A failing institution should be maintained through the use of resolution tools as a going concern with the use, to the extent possible, of private funds. That may be achieved either through sale to or merger with a private sector purchaser, or after having written down the liabilities of the institution, or after having converted its debt to equity, in order to effect a recapitalisation.
(47)
When applying resolutions tools and exercising resolution powers, resolution authorities should take all appropriate measures to ensure that resolution action is taken in accordance with principles including that shareholders and creditors bear an appropriate share of the losses, that the management should in principle be replaced, that the costs of the resolution of the institution are minimised and that creditors of the same class are treated in an equitable manner. In particular, where creditors within the same class are treated differently in the context of resolution action, such distinctions should be justified in the public interest and should be neither directly nor indirectly discriminatory on the grounds of nationality. When the use of the resolution tools involves the granting of State aid, interventions should have to be assessed in accordance with the relevant State aid provisions. State aid may be involved, inter alia, where resolution funds or deposit guarantee funds intervene to assist in the resolution of failing institutions.
(48)
When applying resolution tools and exercising resolution powers, resolution authorities should inform and consult employee representatives where appropriate. Where applicable, collective agreements, or other arrangements provided for by social partners, should be fully taken into account in that regard.
(49)
The limitations on the rights of shareholders and creditors should be in accordance with Article 52 of the Charter. The resolution tools should therefore be applied only to those institutions that are failing or likely to fail, and only when it is necessary to pursue the objective of financial stability in the general interest. In particular, resolution tools should be applied where the institution cannot be wound up under normal insolvency proceedings without destabilising the financial system and the measures are necessary in order to ensure the rapid transfer and continuation of systemically important functions and where there is no reasonable prospect for any alternative private solution, including any increase of capital by the existing shareholders or by any third party sufficient to restore the full viability of the institution. In addition, when applying resolutions tools and exercising resolution powers, the principle of proportionality and the particularities of the legal form of an institution should be taken into account.
(50)
Interference with property rights should not be disproportionate. Affected shareholders and creditors should not incur greater losses than those which they would have incurred if the institution had been wound up at the time that the resolution decision is taken. In the event of a partial transfer of assets of an institution under resolution to a private purchaser or to a bridge bank, the residual part of the institution under resolution should be wound up under normal insolvency proceedings. In order to protect shareholders and creditors who are left in the winding up proceedings of the institution, they should be entitled to receive in payment of, or compensation for, their claims in the winding up proceedings not less than what it is estimated they would have recovered if the whole institution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings.
(51)
For the purpose of protecting the right of shareholders and creditors, clear obligations should be laid down concerning the valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution under resolution and, where required under this Directive, valuation of the treatment that shareholders and creditors would have received if the institution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings. It should be possible to commence a valuation already in the early intervention phase. Before any resolution action is taken, a fair and realistic valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution should be carried out. Such a valuation should be subject to a right of appeal only together with the resolution decision. In addition, where required under this Directive, an 
ex-post
 comparison between the treatment that shareholders and creditors have actually been afforded and the treatment they would have received under normal insolvency proceedings should be carried out after resolution tools have been applied. If it is determined that shareholders and creditors have received, in payment of, or compensation for, their claims, the equivalent of less than the amount that they would have received under normal insolvency proceedings, they should be entitled to the payment of the difference where required under this Directive. As opposed to the valuation prior to the resolution action, it should be possible to challenge that comparison separately from the resolution decision. Member States should be free to decide on the procedure as to how to pay any difference of treatment that has been determined to shareholders and creditors. That difference, if any, should be paid by the financial arrangements established in accordance with this Directive.
(52)
It is important that losses be recognised upon failure of the institution. The valuation of assets and liabilities of failing institutions should be based on fair, prudent and realistic assumptions at the moment when the resolution tools are applied. The value of liabilities should not, however, be affected in the valuation by the institution’s financial state. It should be possible, for reasons of urgency, that the resolution authorities make a rapid valuation of the assets or the liabilities of a failing institution. That valuation should be provisional and should apply until an independent valuation is carried out. EBA’s binding technical standards relating to valuation methodology should establish a framework of principles to be used in conducting such valuations and should allow different specific methodologies to be applied by resolution authorities and independent valuers, as appropriate.
(53)
Rapid and coordinated action is necessary to sustain market confidence and minimise contagion. Once an institution is deemed to be failing or likely to fail and there is no reasonable prospect that any alternative private sector or supervisory action would prevent the failure of the institution within a reasonable timeframe, resolution authorities should not delay in taking appropriate and coordinated resolution action in the public interest. The circumstances under which the failure of an institution may occur, and in particular taking account of the possible urgency of the situation, should allow resolution authorities to take resolution action without imposing an obligation to first use the early intervention powers.
(54)
When taking resolution actions, resolution authorities should take into account and follow the measures provided for in the resolution plans unless resolution authorities assess, taking into account circumstances of the case, that resolution objectives will be achieved more effectively by taking actions which are not provided for in the resolution plans.
(55)
Save as expressly specified in this Directive, the resolution tools should be applied before any public sector injection of capital or equivalent extraordinary public financial support to an institution. This, however, should not impede the use of funds from the deposit guarantee schemes or resolution funds in order to absorb losses that would have otherwise been suffered by covered depositors or discretionarily excluded creditors. In that respect, the use of extraordinary public financial support, resolution funds or deposit guarantee schemes to assist in the resolution of failing institutions should comply with the relevant State aid provisions.
(56)
Problems in financial markets in the Union arising from system-wide events could have adverse effects on the Union economy and citizens of the Union. Therefore, resolution tools should be designed and suitable to counter a broad set of largely unpredictable scenarios, taking into account that there could be a difference between a single institution in a crisis and a broader systemic banking crisis.
(57)
When the Commission undertakes State aid assessment under Article 107 TFEU of the government stabilisation tools referred to in this Directive, it should separately assess whether the notified government stabilisation tools do not infringe any intrinsically linked provisions of Union law, including those relating to the minimum loss absorption requirement of 8 % contained in this Directive, as well as whether there is a very extraordinary situation of a systemic crisis justifying resorting to those tools under this Directive while ensuring the level playing field in the internal market. In accordance with Articles 107 and 108 TFEU, that assessment should be made before any government stabilisation tools may be used.
(58)
The application of government stabilisation tools should be fiscally neutral in the medium term.
(59)
The resolution tools should include the sale of the business or shares of the institution under resolution, the setting up of a bridge institution, the separation of the performing assets from the impaired or under-performing assets of the failing institution, and the bail-in of the shareholders and creditors of the failing institution.
(60)
Where the resolution tools have been used to transfer the systemically important services or viable business of an institution to a sound entity such as a private sector purchaser or bridge institution, the residual part of the institution should be liquidated within an appropriate time frame having regard to any need for the failing institution to provide services or support to enable the purchaser or bridge institution to carry out the activities or services acquired by virtue of that transfer.
(61)
The sale of business tool should enable authorities to effect a sale of the institution or parts of its business to one or more purchasers without the consent of shareholders. When applying the sale of business tool, authorities should make arrangements for the marketing of that institution or part of its business in an open, transparent and non-discriminatory process, while aiming to maximise, as far as possible, the sale price. Where, for reasons of urgency, such a process is impossible, authorities should take steps to redress detrimental effects on competition and on the internal market.
(62)
Any net proceeds from the transfer of assets or liabilities of the institution under resolution when applying the sale of business tool should benefit the institution left in the winding up proceedings. Any net proceeds from the transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership issued by the institution under resolution when applying the sale of business tool should benefit the owners of those shares or other instruments of ownership. Proceeds should be calculated net of the costs arisen from the failure of the institution and from the resolution process.
(63)
In order to perform the sale of business in a timely manner and protect financial stability, the assessment of the buyer of a qualifying holding should be carried out in a timely manner that does not delay the application of the sale of business tool in accordance with this Directive by way of derogation from the time-limits and procedures laid down in Directive 2013/36/EU and Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
11
)
.
(64)
Information concerning the marketing of a failing institution and the negotiations with potential acquirers prior to the application of the sale-of-business tool is likely to be of systemic importance. In order to ensure financial stability, it is important that the disclosure to the public of such information required by Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
12
)
 may be delayed for the time necessary to plan and structure the resolution of the institution in accordance with delays permitted under the market abuse regime.
(65)
As an institution which is wholly or partially owned by one or more public authorities or controlled by the resolution authority, a bridge institution would have as its main purpose ensuring that essential financial services continue to be provided to the clients of the failing institution and that essential financial activities continue to be performed. The bridge institution should be operated as a viable going concern and be put back on the market when conditions are appropriate and within the period laid down in this Directive or wound up if not viable.
(66)
The asset separation tool should enable authorities to transfer assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution to a separate vehicle. That tool should be used only in conjunction with other tools to prevent an undue competitive advantage for the failing institution.
(67)
An effective resolution regime should minimise the costs of the resolution of a failing institution borne by the taxpayers. It should ensure that systemic institutions can be resolved without jeopardising financial stability. The bail-in tool achieves that objective by ensuring that shareholders and creditors of the failing institution suffer appropriate losses and bear an appropriate part of the costs arising from the failure of the institution. The bail-in tool will therefore give shareholders and creditors of institutions a stronger incentive to monitor the health of an institution during normal circumstances and meets the Financial Stability Board recommendation that statutory debt-write down and conversion powers be included in a framework for resolution, as an additional option in conjunction with other resolution tools.
(68)
In order to ensure that resolution authorities have the necessary flexibility to allocate losses to creditors in a range of circumstances, it is appropriate that those authorities be able to apply the bail-in tool both where the objective is to resolve the failing institution as a going concern if there is a realistic prospect that the institution’s viability may be restored, and where systemically important services are transferred to a bridge institution and the residual part of the institution ceases to operate and is wound up.
(69)
Where the bail-in tool is applied with the objective of restoring the capital of the failing institution to enable it to continue to operate as a going concern, the resolution through bail-in should be accompanied by replacement of management, except where retention of management is appropriate and necessary for the achievement of the resolution objectives, and a subsequent restructuring of the institution and its activities in a way that addresses the reasons for its failure. That restructuring should be achieved through the implementation of a business reorganisation plan. Where applicable, such plans should be compatible with the restructuring plan that the institution is required to submit to the Commission under the State aid framework. In particular, in addition to measures aiming to restore the long-term viability of the institution, the plan should include measures limiting the aid to the minimum burden sharing, and measures limiting distortions of competition.
(70)
It is not appropriate to apply the bail-in tool to claims in so far as they are secured, collateralised or otherwise guaranteed. However, in order to ensure that the bail-in tool is effective and achieves its objectives, it is desirable that it can be applied to as wide a range of the unsecured liabilities of a failing institution as possible. Nevertheless, it is appropriate to exclude certain kinds of unsecured liability from the scope of application of the bail-in tool. In order to protect holders of covered deposits, the bail-in tool should not apply to those deposits that are protected under Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
13
)
. In order to ensure continuity of critical functions, the bail-in tool should not apply to certain liabilities to employees of the failing institution or to commercial claims that relate to goods and services critical to the daily functioning of the institution. In order to honour pension entitlements and pension amounts owed or owing to pension trusts and pension trustees, the bail-in tool should not apply to the failing institution’s liabilities to a pension scheme. However, the bail-in tool would apply to liabilities for pension benefits attributable to variable remuneration which do not arise from collective bargaining agreements, as well as to the variable component of the remuneration of material risk takers. To reduce risk of systemic contagion, the bail-in tool should not apply to liabilities arising from a participation in payment systems which have a remaining maturity of less than seven days, or liabilities to institutions, excluding entities that are part of the same group, with an original maturity of less than seven days.
(71)
As the protection of covered depositors is one of the most important objectives of resolution, covered deposits should not be subject to the exercise of the bail-in tool. The deposit guarantee scheme should, however, contribute to funding the resolution process by absorbing losses to the extent of the net losses that it would have had to suffer after compensating depositors in normal insolvency proceedings. The exercise of the bail-in powers would ensure that depositors continue to have access to their deposits up to at least the coverage level which is the main reason why the deposit guarantee schemes have been established. Not providing for the involvement of those schemes in such cases would constitute an unfair advantage with respect to the rest of creditors which would be subject to the exercise of the powers by the resolution authority.
(72)
Resolution authorities should be able to exclude or partially exclude liabilities in a number of circumstances including where it is not possible to bail-in such liabilities within a reasonable timeframe, the exclusion is strictly necessary and is proportionate to achieving the continuity of critical functions and core business lines or the application of the bail-in tool to liabilities would cause a destruction in value such that losses borne by other creditors would be higher than if those liabilities were not excluded from bail-in. Resolution authorities should be able to exclude or partially exclude liabilities where necessary to avoid the spreading of contagion and financial instability which may cause serious disturbance to the economy of a Member State. When carrying out those assessments, resolution authorities should give consideration to the consequences of a potential bail-in of liabilities stemming from eligible deposits held by natural persons and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises above the coverage level provided for in Directive 2014/49/EU.
(73)
Where those exclusions are applied, the level of write down or conversion of other eligible liabilities may be increased to take account of such exclusions subject to the ‘no creditor worse off than under normal insolvency proceedings’ principle being respected. Where the losses cannot be passed to other creditors, the resolution financing arrangement may make a contribution to the institution under resolution subject to a number of strict conditions including the requirement that losses totalling not less than 8 % of total liabilities including own funds have already been absorbed, and the funding provided by the resolution fund is limited to the lower of 5 % of total liabilities including own funds or the means available to the resolution fund and the amount that can be raised through 
ex-post
 contributions within three years.
(74)
In extraordinary circumstances, where liabilities have been excluded and the resolution fund has been used to contribute to bail-in in lieu of those liabilities to the extent of the permissible cap, the resolution authority should be able to seek funding from alternative financing sources.
(75)
The minimum amount of contribution to loss absorption and recapitalisation of 8 % of total liabilities including own funds or, where applicable, of 20 % of risk-weighted assets should be calculated based on the valuation for the purposes of resolution in accordance with this Directive. Historical losses which have already been absorbed by shareholders through a reduction in own funds prior to such a valuation should not be included in those percentages.
(76)
Nothing in this Directive should require Member States to finance resolution financing arrangements by means from their general budget.
(77)
Except where otherwise specified in this Directive, resolution authorities should apply the bail-in tool in a way that respects the 
pari passu
 treatment of creditors and the statutory ranking of claims under the applicable insolvency law. Losses should first be absorbed by regulatory capital instruments and should be allocated to shareholders either through the cancellation or transfer of shares or through severe dilution. Where those instruments are not sufficient, subordinated debt should be converted or written down. Senior liabilities should be converted or written down if the subordinate classes have been converted or written down entirely.
(78)
Where there are exemptions of liabilities such as for payment and settlement systems, employee or trade creditors, or preferential ranking such as for deposits of natural persons and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, they should apply in third countries as well as in the Union. To ensure the ability to write down or convert liabilities when appropriate in third countries, recognition of that possibility should be included in the contractual provisions governed by the law of the third countries, especially for those liabilities ranking at a lower level within the hierarchy of creditors. Such contractual terms should not be required for liabilities exempted from bail-in for deposits of natural persons and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises or where the law of the third country or a binding agreement concluded with that third country allow the resolution authority of the Member State to exercise its write down or conversion powers.
(79)
To avoid institutions structuring their liabilities in a manner that impedes the effectiveness of the bail-in tool it is appropriate to establish that the institutions meet at all times a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities expressed as a percentage of the total liabilities and own funds of the institution. Resolution authorities should be able to require, on a case-by-case basis, that that percentage is wholly or partially composed of own funds or of a specific type of liabilities.
(80)
This Directive adopts a ‘top down’ approach to the determination of the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) within a group. The approach further recognises that resolution action is applied at the level of the individual legal person, and that it is imperative that loss-absorbing capacity is located in, or accessible to, the legal person within the group in which losses occur. To that end, resolution authorities should ensure that loss-absorbing capacity within a group is distributed across the group in accordance with the level of risk in its constituent legal persons. The minimum requirement necessary for each individual subsidiary should be separately assessed. Furthermore, resolution authorities should ensure that all capital and liabilities which are counted towards the consolidated minimum requirement are located in entities where losses are liable to occur, or are otherwise available to absorb losses. This Directive should allow for a multiple-point-of-entry or a single-point-of-entry resolution. The MREL should reflect the resolution strategy which is appropriate to a group in accordance with the resolution plan. In particular, the MREL should be required at the appropriate level in the group in order to reflect a multiple-point-of-entry approach or single-point-of-entry-approach contained in the resolution plan while keeping in mind that there could be circumstances where an approach different from that contained in the plan is used as it would allow, for instance, reaching the resolution objectives more efficiently. Against that background, regardless of whether a group has chosen the single-point- of-entry or the multiple-point-of entry approach, all institutions and other legal persons in the group where required by the resolution authorities should, at all times, have a robust MREL so as to avoid the risk of contagion or a bank run.
(81)
Member States should ensure that Additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments fully absorb losses at the point of non-viability of the issuing institution. Accordingly, resolution authorities should be required to write down those instruments in full, or to convert them to Common Equity Tier 1 instruments, at the point of non-viability and before any resolution action is taken. For that purpose, the point of non-viability should be understood as the point at which the relevant authority determines that the institution meets the conditions for resolution or the point at which the authority decides that the institution would cease to be viable if those capital instruments were not written down or converted. The fact that the instruments are to be written down or converted by authorities in the circumstances required by this Directive should be recognised in the terms governing the instrument, and in any prospectus or offering documents published or provided in connection with the instruments.
(82)
In order to allow for effective resolution outcomes, it should be possible to apply the bail-in tool before 1 January 2016.
(83)
Resolution authorities should be able to apply the bail-in tool only partially where an assessment of the potential impact on the stability of the financial system in the Member States concerned and in the rest of the Union demonstrates that its full application would be contrary to the overall public interests of the Member State or the Union as a whole.
(84)
Resolution authorities should have all the necessary legal powers that, in different combinations, may be exercised when applying the resolution tools. They should include the power to transfer shares in, or assets, rights or liabilities of, a failing institution to another entity such as another institution or a bridge institution, the power to write down or cancel shares, or write down or convert liabilities of a failing institution, the power to replace the management and the power to impose a temporary moratorium on the payment of claims. Supplementary powers are needed, including the power to require continuity of essential services from other parts of a group.
(85)
It is not necessary to prescribe the exact means through which the resolution authorities should intervene in the failing institution. Resolution authorities should have the choice between taking control through a direct intervention in the institution or through executive order. They should decide according to the circumstances of the case. It does not appear necessary for efficient cooperation between Member States to impose a single model at this stage.
(86)
The resolution framework should include procedural requirements to ensure that resolution actions are properly notified and, subject to the limited exceptions laid down in this Directive, made public. However, as information obtained by resolution authorities and their professional advisers during the resolution process is likely to be sensitive, before the resolution decision is made public, that information should be subject to an effective confidentiality regime. The fact that information on the contents and details of recovery and resolution plans and the result of any assessment of those plans may have far-reaching effects, in particular on the undertakings concerned, must be taken into account. Any information provided in respect of a decision before it is taken, be it on whether the conditions for resolution are satisfied, on the use of a specific tool or of any action during the proceedings, must be presumed to have effects on the public and private interests concerned by the action. However, information that the resolution authority is examining a specific institution could be enough for there to be negative effects on that institution. It is therefore necessary to ensure that there are appropriate mechanisms for maintaining the confidentiality of such information, such as the content and details of recovery and resolution plans and the result of any assessment carried out in that context.
(87)
Resolution authorities should have ancillary powers to ensure the effectiveness of the transfer of shares or debt instruments and assets, rights and liabilities. Subject to the safeguards specified in this Directive, those powers should include the power to remove third parties rights from the transferred instruments or assets and the power to enforce contracts and to provide for the continuity of arrangements vis-à-vis the recipient of the transferred assets and shares. However, the rights of employees to terminate a contract of employment should not be affected. The right of a party to terminate a contract with an institution under resolution, or a group entity thereof, for reasons other than the resolution of the failing institution should not be affected either. Resolution authorities should have the ancillary power to require the residual institution that is being wound up under normal insolvency proceedings to provide services that are necessary to enable the institution to which assets or shares have been transferred by virtue of the application of the sale of business tool or the bridge institution tool to operate its business.
(88)
In accordance with Article 47 of the Charter, the parties concerned have a right to due process and to an effective remedy against the measures affecting them. Therefore, the decisions taken by the resolution authorities should be subject to a right of appeal.
(89)
Crisis management measures taken by national resolution authorities may require complex economic assessments and a large margin of discretion. The national resolution authorities are specifically equipped with the expertise needed for making those assessments and for determining the appropriate use of the margin of discretion. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the complex economic assessments made by national resolution authorities in that context are used as a basis by national courts when reviewing the crisis management measures concerned. However, the complex nature of those assessments should not prevent national courts from examining whether the evidence relied on by the resolution authority is factually accurate, reliable and consistent, whether that evidence contains all relevant information which should be taken into account in order to assess a complex situation and whether it is capable of substantiating the conclusions drawn therefrom.
(90)
Since this Directive aims to cover situations of extreme urgency, and since the suspension of any decision of the resolution authorities might impede the continuity of critical functions, it is necessary to provide that the lodging of any appeal should not result in automatic suspension of the effects of the challenged decision and that the decision of the resolution authority should be immediately enforceable with a presumption that its suspension would be against the public interest.
(91)
In addition, where necessary in order to protect third parties who have acquired assets, rights and liabilities of the institution under resolution in good faith by virtue of the exercise of the resolution powers by the authorities and to ensure the stability of the financial markets, a right of appeal should not affect any subsequent administrative act or transaction concluded on the basis of an annulled decision. In such cases, remedies for a wrongful decision should therefore be limited to the award of compensation for the damages suffered by the affected persons.
(92)
Given that crisis management measures may be required to be taken urgently due to serious financial stability risks in the Member State and the Union, any procedure under national law relating to the application for 
ex-ante
 judicial approval of a crisis management measure and the court’s consideration of such an application should be swift. Given the requirement for a crisis management measure to be taken urgently, the court should give its decision within 24 hours and Member States should ensure that the relevant authority can take its decision immediately after the court has given its approval. This is without prejudice to the right that interested parties might have in making an application to the court to set aside the decision for a limited period after the resolution authority has taken the crisis management measure.
(93)
It is in the interest of an efficient resolution, and in order to avoid conflicts of jurisdiction, that no normal insolvency proceedings for the failing institution be opened or continued whilst the resolution authority is exercising its resolution powers or applying the resolution tools, except at the initiative of, or with the consent of, the resolution authority. It is useful and necessary to suspend, for a limited period, certain contractual obligations so that the resolution authority has time to put into practice the resolution tools. This should not, however, apply to obligations in relation to systems designated under Directive 98/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
14
)
, central counterparties and central banks. Directive 98/26/EC reduces the risk associated with participation in payment and securities settlement systems, in particular by reducing disruption in the event of the insolvency of a participant in such a system. To ensure that those protections apply appropriately in crisis situations, whilst maintaining appropriate certainty for operators of payment and securities systems and other market participants, this Directive provides that a crisis prevention measure or a crisis management measure should not, per se, be deemed to be insolvency proceedings within the meaning of Directive 98/26/EC, provided that the substantive obligations under the contract continue to be performed. However, nothing in this Directive prejudices the operation of a system designated under Directive 98/26/EC or the right to collateral security guaranteed by Article 9 of Directive 98/26/EC.
(94)
In order to ensure that resolution authorities, when transferring assets and liabilities to a private sector purchaser or bridge institution, have an adequate period to identify contracts that need to be transferred, it might be appropriate to impose proportionate restrictions on counterparties’ rights to close out, accelerate or otherwise terminate financial contracts before the transfer is made. Such a restriction would be necessary to allow authorities to obtain a true picture of the balance sheet of the failing institution, without the changes in value and scope that extensive exercise of termination rights would entail. In order to interfere with the contractual rights of counterparties to the minimum extent necessary, the restriction on termination rights should apply only in relation to the crisis prevention measure or crisis management measure, including the occurrence of any event directly linked to the application of such a measure, and rights to terminate arising from any other default, including failure to pay or deliver margin, should remain.
(95)
In order to preserve legitimate capital market arrangements in the event of a transfer of some, but not all, of the assets, rights and liabilities of a failing institution, it is appropriate to include safeguards to prevent the splitting of linked liabilities, rights and contracts, as appropriate. Such a restriction on selected practices in relation to linked contracts should extend to contracts with the same counterparty covered by security arrangements, title transfer financial collateral arrangements, set-off arrangements, close out netting agreements, and structured finance arrangements. Where the safeguard applies, resolution authorities should be bound to transfer all linked contracts within a protected arrangement, or leave them all with the residual failing institution. Those safeguards should ensure that the regulatory capital treatment of exposures covered by a netting agreement for the purposes of Directive 2013/36/EU is not affected.
(96)
While ensuring that resolution authorities have the same tools and powers at their disposal will facilitate coordinated action in the event of a failure of a cross-border group, further action appears necessary to promote cooperation and prevent fragmented national responses. Resolution authorities should be required to consult each other and cooperate in resolution colleges when resolving group entities with a view to agreeing a group resolution scheme. Resolution colleges should be established around the core of the existing supervisory colleges through the inclusion of resolution authorities and the involvement of competent ministries, central banks, EBA and, where appropriate, authorities responsible for the deposit guarantee schemes. In the event of a crisis, the resolution college should provide a forum for the exchange of information and the coordination of resolution actions.
(97)
Resolution of cross-border groups should strike the balance between the need, on the one hand, for procedures that take into account the urgency of the situation and allow for efficient, fair and timely solutions for the group as a whole and, on the other, the necessity to protect financial stability in all the Member States where the group operates. The different resolution authorities should share their views in the resolution college. Resolution actions proposed by the group-level resolution authority should be prepared and discussed amongst different resolution authorities in the context of the group resolution plans. Resolution colleges should incorporate the views of the resolution authorities of all the Member States in which the group is active, in order to facilitate swift and joint decisions wherever possible. Resolution actions by the group-level resolution authority should always take into account their impact on the financial stability in the Member States where the group operates. This should be ensured by the possibility for the resolution authorities of the Member State in which a subsidiary is established to object to the decisions of the group-level resolution authority, not only on appropriateness of resolution actions and measures but also on ground of the need to protect financial stability in that Member State.
(98)
The resolution college should not be a decision-making body, but a platform facilitating decision-making by national authorities. The joint decisions should be taken by the national authorities concerned.
(99)
The production of a group resolution scheme should facilitate coordinated resolution that is more likely to deliver the best result for all institutions of a group. The group-level resolution authority should propose the group resolution scheme and submit it to the resolution college. National resolution authorities that disagree with the scheme or decide to take independent resolution action should explain the reasons for their disagreement and notify those reasons, together with details of any independent resolution action they intend to take, to the group-level resolution authority and other resolution authorities covered by the group resolution scheme. Any national authority that decides to depart from the group resolution scheme should duly consider the potential impact on financial stability in the Member States where the other resolution authorities are located and the potential effects on other parts of the group.
(100)
As part of a group resolution scheme, authorities should be invited to apply the same tool to legal persons meeting the conditions for resolution. The group-level resolution authorities should have the power to apply the bridge institution tool at group level (which may involve, where appropriate, burden sharing arrangements) to stabilise a group as a whole. Ownership of subsidiaries could be transferred to the bridge bank with a view to onward sale, either as a package or individually, when market conditions are appropriate. In addition, the group-level resolution authority should have the power to apply the bail-in tool at parent level.
(101)
Effective resolution of internationally active institutions and groups requires cooperation between the Union, Member States and third-country resolution authorities. Cooperation will be facilitated if the resolution regimes of third countries are based on common principles and approaches that are being developed by the Financial Stability Board and the G20. For that purpose EBA should be empowered to develop and enter into non-binding framework cooperation arrangements with authorities of third countries in accordance with Article 33 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 and national authorities should be permitted to conclude bilateral arrangements in line with EBA framework arrangements. The development of those arrangements between national authorities responsible for managing the failure of global firms should be a means to ensure effective planning, decision-making and coordination in respect of international groups. In general, there should be reciprocity in those arrangements. National resolution authorities, as part of the European resolution college, where applicable, should recognise and enforce third-country resolution proceedings in the circumstances laid down in this Directive.
(102)
Cooperation should take place both with regard to subsidiaries of Union or third-country groups and with regard to branches of Union or third-country institutions. Subsidiaries of third-country groups are enterprises established in the Union and therefore are fully subject to Union law, including the resolution tools laid down in this Directive. It is necessary, however, that Member States retain the right to act in relation to branches of institutions having their head office in third countries, when the recognition and application of third-country resolution proceedings relating to a branch would endanger financial stability in the Union or when Union depositors would not receive equal treatment with third-country depositors. In those circumstances, and in the other circumstances as laid down in this Directive, Member States should have the right, after consulting the national resolution authorities, to refuse recognition of third-country resolution proceedings with regard to Union branches of third-country institutions.
(103)
There are circumstances when the effectiveness of the resolution tools applied may depend on the availability of short-term funding for an institution or a bridge institution, the provision of guarantees to potential purchasers, or the provision of capital to the bridge institution. Notwithstanding the role of central banks in providing liquidity to the financial system even in times of stress, it is important that Member States set up financing arrangements to avoid that the funds needed for such purposes come from the national budgets. It should be the financial industry, as a whole, that finances the stabilisation of the financial system.
(104)
As a general rule, Member States should establish their national financing arrangements through funds controlled by resolution authorities to be used for the purposes as laid down in this Directive. However, a strictly framed exception should be provided to allow Member States to establish their national financing arrangements through mandatory contributions from institutions which are authorised in their territories and which are not held through funds controlled by their resolution authorities provided that certain conditions are met.
(105)
As a principle, contributions should be collected from the industry prior to and independently of any operation of resolution. When prior funding is insufficient to cover the losses or costs incurred by the use of the financing arrangements, additional contributions should be collected to bear the additional cost or loss.
(106)
In order to reach a critical mass and to avoid pro-cyclical effects which would arise if financing arrangements had to rely solely on 
ex-post
 contributions in a systemic crisis, it is indispensable that the 
ex-ante
 available financial means of the national financing arrangements amount at least to a certain minimum target level.
(107)
In order to ensure a fair calculation of contributions and provide incentives to operate under a less risky model, contributions to national financing arrangements should take account of the degree of credit, liquidity and market risk incurred by the institutions.
(108)
Ensuring effective resolution of failing institutions within the Union is an essential element in the completion of the internal market. The failure of such institutions has an effect not only on the financial stability of the markets where it directly operates but also on the whole Union financial market. With the completion of the internal market in financial services, the interplay between the different national financial systems is reinforced. Institutions operate outside their Member State of establishment and are interrelated through the interbank and other markets which, in essence, are pan-European. Ensuring effective financing of the resolution of those institutions across Member States is not only in the best interests of the Member States in which they operate but also of all the Member States in general as a means of ensuring a level competitive playing field and improving the functioning of the internal financial market. Setting up a European system of financing arrangements should ensure that all institutions that operate in the Union are subject to equally effective resolution financing arrangements and contribute to the stability of the internal market.
(109)
In order to build up the resilience of that European system of financing arrangements, and in accordance with the objective requiring that financing should come primarily from the shareholders and creditors of the institution under resolution and then from industry rather than from public budgets, financing arrangements may make a request to borrow from other financing arrangements in the case of need. Likewise they should have the power to grant loans to other arrangements that are in need. Such lending should be strictly voluntary. The decision to lend to other arrangements should be made by the lending financing arrangement, but due to potential fiscal implications, Member States should be able to require consultation or the consent of the competent ministry.
(110)
While financing arrangements are set up at national level, they should be mutualised in the context of group resolution, provided that an agreement is found between national authorities on the resolution of the institution. Deposits covered by deposit guarantee schemes should not bear any losses in the resolution process. When a resolution action ensures that depositors continue to have access to their deposits, deposit guarantee schemes to which an institution under resolution is affiliated should be required to make a contribution not greater than the amount of losses that they would have had to bear if the institution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings.
(111)
While covered deposits are protected from losses in resolution, other eligible deposits are potentially available for loss absorbency purposes. In order to provide a certain level of protection for natural persons and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises holding eligible deposits above the level of covered deposits, such deposits should have a higher priority ranking over the claims of ordinary unsecured, non-preferred creditors under the national law governing normal insolvency proceedings. The claim of the deposit guarantee scheme should have an even higher ranking under such national law than the aforementioned categories of eligible deposits. Harmonisation of national insolvency law in that area is necessary in order to minimise exposure of the resolution funds of Member States under the no creditor worse off principle as specified in this Directive.
(112)
Where deposits are transferred to another institution in the context of the resolution of a institution, depositors should not be insured beyond the coverage level provided for in Directive 2014/49/EU. Therefore, claims with regard to deposits remaining in the institution under resolution should be limited to the difference between the funds transferred and the coverage level provided for in Directive 2014/49/EU. Where transferred deposits are superior to the coverage level, the depositor should have no claim against the deposit guarantee scheme with regard to deposits remaining in the institution under resolution.
(113)
The setting up of financing arrangements establishing the European system of financing arrangements laid down in this Directive should ensure coordination of the use of funds available at national level for resolution.
(114)
The power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in order to specify the criteria for defining ‘critical functions’ and ‘core business lines’ for the purposes of this Directive; the circumstances when exclusion of liabilities from the write down or conversion requirements under this Directive is necessary; the classes of arrangement for which Member States should ensure appropriate protection in partial transfers; the manner in which institutions’ contributions to resolution financing arrangements should be adjusted in proportion to their risk profile; the registration, accounting, reporting obligations and other obligations intended to ensure that the 
ex-ante
 contributions are effectively paid; and the circumstances in which and conditions subject to which an institution may be temporarily exempted from paying 
ex-post
 contributions. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.
(115)
Where provided for in this Directive, it is appropriate that EBA promote convergence of the practices of national authorities through guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. In areas not covered by regulatory or implementing technical standards, EBA is able to issue guidelines and recommendations on the application of Union law under its own initiative.
(116)
The European Parliament and the Council should have three months from the date of notification to object to a delegated act. It should be possible for the European Parliament and the Council to inform the other institutions of their intention not to raise objections.
(117)
Technical standards in financial services should facilitate consistent harmonisation and adequate protection of depositors, investors and consumers across the Union. As a body with highly specialised expertise, it would be efficient and appropriate, where provided for in this Directive, to entrust EBA with the development of draft regulatory and implementing technical standards which do not involve policy choices, for submission to the Commission.
(118)
The Commission should, where provided for in this Directive, adopt draft regulatory technical standards developed by EBA by means of delegated acts pursuant to Article 290 TFEU, in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. The Commission should, where provided for in this Directive, adopt draft implementing technical standards developed by EBA by means of implementing acts pursuant to Article 291 TFEU, in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
(119)
Directive 2001/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
15
)
 provides for the mutual recognition and enforcement in all Member States of decisions concerning the reorganisation or winding up of institutions having branches in Member States other than those in which they have their head offices. That directive ensures that all assets and liabilities of the institution, regardless of the country in which they are situated, are dealt with in a single process in the home Member State and that creditors in the host Member States are treated in the same way as creditors in the home Member State. In order to achieve an effective resolution, Directive 2001/24/EC should apply in the event of use of the resolution tools both when those instruments are applied to institutions and when they are applied to other entities covered by the resolution regime. Directive 2001/24/EC should therefore be amended accordingly.
(120)
Union company law directives contain mandatory rules for the protection of shareholders and creditors of institutions which fall within the scope of those directives. In a situation where resolution authorities need to act rapidly, those rules may hinder effective action and use of resolution tools and powers by resolution authorities and appropriate derogations should be included in this Directive. In order to guarantee the maximum degree of legal certainty for stakeholders, the derogations should be clearly and narrowly defined, and they should only be used in the public interest and when resolution triggers are met. The use of resolution tools presupposes that the resolution objectives and the conditions for resolution laid down in this Directive are met.
(121)
Directive 2012/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
16
)
 contains rules on shareholders’ rights to decide on capital increases and reductions, on their right to participate in any new share issue for cash consideration, on creditor protection in the event of capital reduction and the convening of shareholders’ meeting in the event of serious loss of capital. Those rules may hinder the rapid action by resolution authorities and appropriate derogations from them should be provided for.
(122)
Directive 2011/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
17
)
 lays down rules, inter alia, on the approval of mergers by the general meeting of each of the merging companies, on the requirements concerning the draft terms of merger, management report and expert report, and on creditor protection. Council Directive 82/891/EEC 
(
18
)
 contains similar rules on the division of public limited liability companies. Directive 2005/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
19
)
 provides for corresponding rules concerning cross-border mergers of limited liability companies. Appropriate derogations from those directives should be provided in order to allow a rapid action by resolution authorities.
(123)
Directive 2004/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
20
)
 sets out an obligation to launch a mandatory takeover bid on all shares of the company for the equitable price, as defined in that directive, if a shareholder acquires, directly or indirectly and alone or in concert with others, a certain percentage of shares of that company, which gives it control of that company and is defined by national law. The purpose of the mandatory bid rule is to protect minority shareholders in the case of change of control. However, the prospect of such a costly obligation might deter possible investors in the affected institution, thereby making it difficult for resolution authorities to make use of all their resolution powers. Appropriate derogations should be provided from the mandatory bid rule, to the extent necessary for the use of the resolution powers, while after the resolution period the mandatory bid rule should be applied to any shareholder acquiring control in the affected institution.
(124)
Directive 2007/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
21
)
, provides for procedural shareholders’ rights relating to general meetings. Directive 2007/36/EC provides, inter alia, for a minimum notice period for general meetings and the contents of the notice of general meeting. Those rules may hinder rapid action by resolution authorities and appropriate derogations from the directive should be provided for. Prior to resolution there may be a need for a rapid increase of capital when the institution does not meet or is likely not to fulfil the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU and an increase of capital is likely to restore the financial situation and avoid a situation where the threshold conditions for resolution are met. In such situations a possibility for convening a general meeting at short notice should be permitted. However, the shareholders should retain the decision making power on the increase and on the shortening of the notice period for the general meetings. Appropriate derogations from Directive 2007/36/EC should be provided for the establishment of that mechanism.
(125)
In order to ensure that resolution authorities are represented in the European System of Financial Supervision established by Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
22
)
 and Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
23
)
, and to ensure that EBA has the expertise necessary to carry out the tasks laid down in this Directive, Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 should be amended in order to include national resolution authorities as defined in this Directive in the concept of competent authorities established by that Regulation. Such assimilation between resolution authorities and competent authorities pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 is consistent with the functions attributed to EBA pursuant to Article 25 of Regulation (EC) No 1093/2010 to contribute and participate actively in the development and coordination of recovery and resolution plans and to aim at the facilitation of the resolution of failing institutions and in particular cross-border groups.
(126)
In order to ensure compliance by institutions, those who effectively control their business and their management body with the obligations deriving from this Directive and to ensure that they are subject to similar treatment across the Union, Member States should be required to provide for administrative sanctions and other administrative measures which are effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Therefore, administrative sanctions and other administrative measures laid down by Member States should satisfy certain essential requirements in relation to addressees, criteria to be taken into account when applying a sanction or other administrative measure, publication of sanctions or other administrative measures, key penalising powers and levels of administrative fines. Subject to strict professional secrecy, EBA should maintain a central database of all administrative sanctions and information on the appeals reported to it by competent authorities and resolution authorities.
(127)
This Directive refers to both administrative sanctions and other administrative measures in order to cover all actions applied after an infringement is committed, and which are intended to prevent further infringements, irrespective of their qualification as a sanction or another administrative measure under national law.
(128)
Even though nothing prevents Member States from laying down rules for administrative sanctions as well as criminal sanctions for the same infringements, Member States should not be required to lay down rules for administrative sanctions for infringements of this Directive which are subject to national criminal law. In accordance with national law, Member States are not obliged to impose both administrative and criminal sanctions for the same offence, but they can do so if their national law so permits. However, the maintenance of criminal sanctions rather than administrative sanctions or other administrative measures for infringements of this Directive should not reduce or otherwise affect the ability of resolution authorities and competent authorities to cooperate, access and exchange information in a timely way with resolution authorities and competent authorities in other Member States for the purposes of this Directive, including after any referral of the relevant infringements to the competent judicial authorities for prosecution.
(129)
In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of Member States and the Commission of 28 September 2011 on explanatory documents 
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24
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, Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notification of their transposition measures with one or more documents explaining the relationship between the components of a directive and the corresponding parts of national transposition instruments. With regard to this Directive, the legislator considers the transmission of such documents to be justified.
(130)
This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the rights, freedoms and principles recognised in particular by the Charter, and, in particular, the right to property, the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial and the right of defence.
(131)
Since the objective of this Directive, namely the harmonisation of the rules and processes for the resolution of institutions, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States, but can rather, by reason of the effects of a failure of any institution in the whole Union, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective.
(132)
When taking decisions or actions under this Directive, competent authorities and resolution authorities should always have due regard to the impact of their decisions and actions on financial stability in other Member States and on the economic situation in other Member States and should give consideration to the significance of any subsidiary or branch for the financial sector and the economy of the Member State where such a subsidiary or branch is established or located, even in cases where the subsidiary or branch concerned is of lesser importance for the consolidated group.
(133)
The Commission will review the general application of this Directive and, in particular, consider, in light of the arrangements taken under any act of Union law establishing a resolution mechanism covering more than one Member State, the exercise of EBA’s powers under this Directive to mediate between a resolution authority in a Member State participating in the mechanism and a resolution authority in a Member State not participating therein,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
TITLE I
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND AUTHORITIES
Article 1
Subject matter and scope
1.   This Directive lays down rules and procedures relating to the recovery and resolution of the following entities:
(a)
institutions that are established in the Union;
(b)
financial institutions that are established in the Union when the financial institution is a subsidiary of a credit institution or investment firm, or of a company referred to in point (c) or (d), and is covered by the supervision of the parent undertaking on a consolidated basis in accordance with Articles 6 to 17 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(c)
financial holding companies, mixed financial holding companies and mixed-activity holding companies that are established in the Union;
(d)
parent financial holding companies in a Member State, Union parent financial holding companies, parent mixed financial holding companies in a Member State, Union parent mixed financial holding companies;
(e)
branches of institutions that are established outside the Union in accordance with the specific conditions laid down in this Directive.
When establishing and applying the requirements under this Directive and when using the different tools at their disposal in relation to an entity referred to in the first subparagraph, and subject to specific provisions, resolution authorities and competent authorities shall take account of the nature of its business, its shareholding structure, its legal form, its risk profile, size and legal status, its interconnectedness to other institutions or to the financial system in general, the scope and the complexity of its activities, its membership of an institutional protection scheme (IPS) that meets the requirements of Article 113(7) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 or other cooperative mutual solidarity systems as referred to in Article 113(6) of that Regulation and whether it exercises any investment services or activities as defined in point (2) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU.
2.   Member States may adopt or maintain rules that are stricter or additional to those laid down in this Directive and in the delegated and implementing acts adopted on the basis of this Directive, provided that they are of general application and do not conflict with this Directive and with the delegated and implementing acts adopted on its basis.
Article 2
Definitions
1.   For the purposes of this Directive the following definitions apply:
(1)
‘resolution’ means the application of a resolution tool or a tool referred to in Article 37(9) in order to achieve one or more of the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31(2);
(2)
‘credit institution’ means a credit institution as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, not including the entities referred to in Article 2(5) of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(3)
‘investment firm’ means an investment firm as defined in point (2) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 that is subject to the initial capital requirement laid down in Article 28(2) of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(4)
‘financial institution’ means a financial institution as defined in point (26) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(5)
‘subsidiary’ means a subsidiary as defined in point (16) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(6)
‘parent undertaking’ means a parent undertaking as defined in point (15)(a) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(7)
‘consolidated basis’ means the basis of the consolidated situation as defined in point (47) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(8)
‘institutional protection scheme’ or ‘IPS’ means an arrangement that meets the requirements laid down in Article 113(7) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(9)
‘financial holding company’ means a financial holding company as defined in point (20) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(10)
‘mixed financial holding company’ means a mixed financial holding company as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(11)
‘mixed-activity holding company’ means a mixed-activity holding company as defined in point (22) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(12)
‘parent financial holding company in a Member State’ means a parent financial holding company in a Member State as defined in point (30) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(13)
‘Union parent financial holding company’ means an EU parent financial holding company as defined in point (31) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(14)
‘parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State’ means a parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State as defined in point (32) of Article 4(1)of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(15)
‘Union parent mixed financial holding company’ means an EU parent mixed financial holding company as defined in point (33) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(16)
‘resolution objectives’ means the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31(2);
(17)
‘branch’ means a branch as defined in point (17) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(18)
‘resolution authority’ means an authority designated by a Member State in accordance with Article 3;
(19)
‘resolution tool’ means a resolution tool referred to in Article 37(3);
(20)
‘resolution power’ means a power referred to in Articles 63 to 72;
(21)
‘competent authority’ means a competent authority as defined in point (40) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 including the European Central Bank with regard to specific tasks conferred on it by Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 
(
25
)
;
(22)
‘competent ministries’ means finance ministries or other ministries of the Member States which are responsible for economic, financial and budgetary decisions at the national level according to national competencies and which have been designated in accordance with Article 3(5);
(23)
‘institution’ means a credit institution or an investment firm;
(24)
‘management body’ means a management body as defined in point (7) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(25)
‘senior management’ means senior management as defined in point (9) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(26)
‘group’ means a parent undertaking and its subsidiaries;
(27)
‘cross-border group’ means a group having group entities established in more than one Member State;
(28)
‘extraordinary public financial support’ means State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU, or any other public financial support at supra-national level, which, if provided for at national level, would constitute State aid, that is provided in order to preserve or restore the viability, liquidity or solvency of an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or of a group of which such an institution or entity forms part;
(29)
‘emergency liquidity assistance’ means the provision by a central bank of central bank money, or any other assistance that may lead to an increase in central bank money, to a solvent financial institution, or group of solvent financial institutions, that is facing temporary liquidity problems, without such an operation being part of monetary policy;
(30)
‘systemic crisis’ means a disruption in the financial system with the potential to have serious negative consequences for the internal market and the real economy. All types of financial intermediaries, markets and infrastructure may be potentially systemically important to some degree;
(31)
‘group entity’ means a legal person that is part of a group;
(32)
‘recovery plan’ means a recovery plan drawn up and maintained by an institution in accordance with Article 5;
(33)
‘group recovery plan’ means a group recovery plan drawn up and maintained in accordance with Article 7;
(34)
‘significant branch’ means a branch that would be considered to be significant in a host Member State in accordance with Article 51(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(35)
‘critical functions’ means activities, services or operations the discontinuance of which is likely in one or more Member States, to lead to the disruption of services that are essential to the real economy or to disrupt financial stability due to the size, market share, external and internal interconnectedness, complexity or cross-border activities of an institution or group, with particular regard to the substitutability of those activities, services or operations;
(36)
‘core business lines’ means business lines and associated services which represent material sources of revenue, profit or franchise value for an institution or for a group of which an institution forms part;
(37)
‘consolidating supervisor’ means consolidating supervisor as defined in point (41) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(38)
‘own funds’ means own funds as defined in point (118) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(39)
‘conditions for resolution’ means the conditions referred to in Article 32(1);
(40)
‘resolution action’ means the decision to place an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) under resolution pursuant to Article 32 or 33, the application of a resolution tool, or the exercise of one or more resolution powers;
(41)
‘resolution plan’ means a resolution plan for an institution drawn up in accordance with Article 10;
(42)
‘group resolution’ means either of the following:
(a)
the taking of resolution action at the level of a parent undertaking or of an institution subject to consolidated supervision, or
(b)
the coordination of the application of resolution tools and the exercise of resolution powers by resolution authorities in relation to group entities that meet the conditions for resolution;
(43)
‘group resolution plan’ means a plan for group resolution drawn up in accordance with Articles 12 and 13;
(44)
‘group-level resolution authority’ means the resolution authority in the Member State in which the consolidating supervisor is situated;
(45)
‘group resolution scheme’ means a plan drawn up for the purposes of group resolution in accordance with Article 91;
(46)
‘resolution college’ means a college established in accordance with Article 88 to carry out the tasks referred to in Article 88(1);
(47)
‘normal insolvency proceedings’ means collective insolvency proceedings which entail the partial or total divestment of a debtor and the appointment of a liquidator or an administrator normally applicable to institutions under national law and either specific to those institutions or generally applicable to any natural or legal person;
(48)
‘debt instruments’ referred to in points (g) and (j) of Article 63(1) means bonds and other forms of transferable debt, instruments creating or acknowledging a debt, and instruments giving rights to acquire debt instruments;
(49)
‘parent institution in a Member State’ means a parent institution in a Member State as defined in point (28) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(50)
‘Union parent institution’ means an EU parent institution as defined in point (29) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(51)
‘own funds requirements’ means the requirements laid down in Articles 92 to 98 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(52)
‘supervisory college’ means a college of supervisors established in accordance with Article 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(53)
‘Union State aid framework’ means the framework established by Articles 107, 108 and 109 TFEU and regulations and all Union acts, including guidelines, communications and notices, made or adopted pursuant to Article 108(4) or Article 109 TFEU;
(54)
‘winding up’ means the realisation of assets of an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(55)
‘asset separation tool’ means the mechanism for effecting a transfer by a resolution authority of assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution to an asset management vehicle in accordance with Article 42;
(56)
‘asset management vehicle’ means a legal person that meets the requirements laid down in Article 42(2);
(57)
‘bail-in tool’ means the mechanism for effecting the exercise by a resolution authority of the write-down and conversion powers in relation to liabilities of an institution under resolution in accordance with Article 43;
(58)
‘sale of business tool’ means the mechanism for effecting a transfer by a resolution authority of shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution, or assets, rights or liabilities, of an institution under resolution to a purchaser that is not a bridge institution, in accordance with Article 38;
(59)
‘bridge institution’ means a legal person that meets the requirements laid down in Article 40(2);
(60)
‘bridge institution tool’ means the mechanism for transferring shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution or assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution to a bridge institution, in accordance with Article 40;
(61)
‘instruments of ownership’ means shares, other instruments that confer ownership, instruments that are convertible into or give the right to acquire shares or other instruments of ownership, and instruments representing interests in shares or other instruments of ownership;
(62)
‘shareholders’ means shareholders or holders of other instruments of ownership;
(63)
‘transfer powers’ means the powers specified in point (c) or (d) of Article 63(1) to transfer shares, other instruments of ownership, debt instruments, assets, rights or liabilities, or any combination of those items from an institution under resolution to a recipient;
(64)
‘central counterparty’ means a CCP as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012;
(65)
‘derivative’, means a derivative as defined in point (5) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012;
(66)
‘write-down and conversion powers’ means the powers referred to in Article 59(2) and in points (e) to (i) of Article 63(1);
(67)
‘secured liability’ means a liability where the right of the creditor to payment or other form of performance is secured by a charge, pledge or lien, or collateral arrangements including liabilities arising from repurchase transactions and other title transfer collateral arrangements;
(68)
‘Common Equity Tier 1 instruments’ means capital instruments that meet the conditions laid down in Article 28(1) to (4), Article 29(1) to (5) or Article 31(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(69)
‘Additional Tier 1 instruments’ means capital instruments that meet the conditions laid down in Article 52(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(70)
‘aggregate amount’ means the aggregate amount by which the resolution authority has assessed that eligible liabilities are to be written down or converted, in accordance with Article 46(1);
(71)
‘eligible liabilities’ means the liabilities and capital instruments that do not qualify as Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1 or Tier 2 instruments of an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that are not excluded from the scope of the bail-in tool by virtue of Article 44(2);
(72)
‘deposit guarantee scheme’ means a deposit guarantee scheme introduced and officially recognised by a Member State pursuant to Article 4 of Directive 2014/49/EU;
(73)
‘Tier 2 instruments’ means capital instruments or subordinated loans that meet the conditions laid down in Article 63 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(74)
‘relevant capital instruments’ for the purposes of Section 5 of Chapter IV of Title IV and Chapter V of Title IV, means Additional Tier 1 instruments and Tier 2 instruments;
(75)
‘conversion rate’ means the factor that determines the number of shares or other instruments of ownership into which a liability of a specific class will be converted, by reference either to a single instrument of the class in question or to a specified unit of value of a debt claim;
(76)
‘affected creditor’ means a creditor whose claim relates to a liability that is reduced or converted to shares or other instruments of ownership by the exercise of the write down or conversion power pursuant to the use of the bail-in tool;
(77)
‘affected holder’ means a holder of instruments of ownership whose instruments of ownership are cancelled by means of the power referred to in point (h) of Article 63(1);
(78)
‘appropriate authority’ means authority of the Member State identified in accordance with Article 61 that is responsible under the national law of that State for making the determinations referred to in Article 59(3);
(79)
‘relevant parent institution’ means a parent institution in a Member State, a Union parent institution, a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company, a mixed-activity holding company, a parent financial holding company in a Member State, a Union parent financial holding company, a parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State, or a Union parent mixed financial holding company, in relation to which the bail-in tool is applied;
(80)
‘recipient’ means the entity to which shares, other instruments of ownership, debt instruments, assets, rights or liabilities, or any combination of those items are transferred from an institution under resolution;
(81)
‘business day’ means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday in the Member State concerned;
(82)
‘termination right’ means a right to terminate a contract, a right to accelerate, close out, set-off or net obligations or any similar provision that suspends, modifies or extinguishes an obligation of a party to the contract or a provision that prevents an obligation under the contract from arising that would otherwise arise;
(83)
‘institution under resolution’ means an institution, a financial institution, a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company, a mixed-activity holding company, a parent financial holding company in a Member State, a Union parent financial holding company, a parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State, or a Union parent mixed financial holding company, in respect of which a resolution action is taken;
(84)
‘Union subsidiary’ means an institution which is established in a Member State and which is a subsidiary of a third-country institution or a third-country parent undertaking;
(85)
‘Union parent undertaking’ means a Union parent institution, a Union parent financial holding company or a Union parent mixed financial holding company;
(86)
‘third-country institution’ means an entity, the head office of which is established in a third country, that would, if it were established within the Union, be covered by the definition of an institution;
(87)
‘third-country parent undertaking’ means a parent undertaking, a parent financial holding company or a parent mixed financial holding company, established in a third country;
(88)
‘third-country resolution proceedings’ means an action under the law of a third country to manage the failure of a third-country institution or a third-country parent undertaking that is comparable, in terms of objectives and anticipated results, to resolution actions under this Directive;
(89)
‘Union branch’ means a branch located in a Member State of a third-country institution;
(90)
‘relevant third-country authority’ means a third-country authority responsible for carrying out functions comparable to those of resolution authorities or competent authorities pursuant to this Directive;
(91)
‘group financing arrangement’ means the financing arrangement or arrangements of the Member State of the group-level resolution authority;
(92)
‘back-to-back transaction’ means a transaction entered into between two group entities for the purpose of transferring, in whole or in part, the risk generated by another transaction entered into between one of those group entities and a third party;
(93)
‘intra-group guarantee’ means a contract by which one group entity guarantees the obligations of another group entity to a third party;
(94)
‘covered deposits’ means covered deposits as defined in point (5) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/49/EU;
(95)
‘eligible deposits’ means eligible deposits as defined in point (4) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/49/EU;
(96)
‘covered bond’ means an instrument as referred to in Article 52(4) of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
26
)
;
(97)
‘title transfer financial collateral arrangement’ means a title transfer financial collateral arrangement as defined in point (b) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2002/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
27
)
;
(98)
‘netting arrangement’ means an arrangement under which a number of claims or obligations can be converted into a single net claim, including close-out netting arrangements under which, on the occurrence of an enforcement event (however or wherever defined) the obligations of the parties are accelerated so as to become immediately due or are terminated, and in either case are converted into or replaced by a single net claim, including ‘close-out netting provisions’ as defined in point (n)(i) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2002/47/EC and ‘netting’ as defined in point (k) of Article 2 of Directive 98/26/EC;
(99)
‘set-off arrangement’ means an arrangement under which two or more claims or obligations owed between the institution under resolution and a counterparty can be set off against each other;
(100)
‘financial contracts’ includes the following contracts and agreements:
(a)
securities contracts, including:
(i)
contracts for the purchase, sale or loan of a security, a group or index of securities;
(ii)
options on a security or group or index of securities;
(iii)
repurchase or reverse repurchase transactions on any such security, group or index;
(b)
commodities contracts, including:
(i)
contracts for the purchase, sale or loan of a commodity or group or index of commodities for future delivery;
(ii)
options on a commodity or group or index of commodities;
(iii)
repurchase or reverse repurchase transactions on any such commodity, group or index;
(c)
futures and forwards contracts, including contracts (other than a commodities contract) for the purchase, sale or transfer of a commodity or property of any other description, service, right or interest for a specified price at a future date;
(d)
swap agreements, including:
(i)
swaps and options relating to interest rates; spot or other foreign exchange agreements; currency; an equity index or equity; a debt index or debt; commodity indexes or commodities; weather; emissions or inflation;
(ii)
total return, credit spread or credit swaps;
(iii)
any agreements or transactions that are similar to an agreement referred to in point (i) or (ii) which is the subject of recurrent dealing in the swaps or derivatives markets;
(e)
inter-bank borrowing agreements where the term of the borrowing is three months or less;
(f)
master agreements for any of the contracts or agreements referred to in points (a) to (e);
(101)
‘crisis prevention measure’ means the exercise of powers to direct removal of deficiencies or impediments to recoverability under Article 6(6), the exercise of powers to address or remove impediments to resolvability under Article 17 or 18, the application of an early intervention measure under Article 27, the appointment of a temporary administrator under Article 29 or the exercise of the write down or conversion powers under Article 59;
(102)
‘crisis management measure’ means a resolution action or the appointment of a special manager under Article 35 or a person under Article 51(2) or under Article 72(1);
(103)
‘recovery capacity’ means the capability of an institution to restore its financial position following a significant deterioration;
(104)
‘depositor’ means a depositor as defined in point (6) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/49/EU;
(105)
‘investor’ means an investor within the meaning of point (4) of Article 1 of Directive 97/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
28
)
;
(106)
‘designated national macroprudential authority’ means the authority entrusted with the conduct of macroprudential policy referred to in Recommendation B1 of the Recommendation of the European Systemic Risk Board of 22 December 2011 on the macroprudential mandate of national authorities (ESRB/2011/3);
(107)
‘micro, small and medium-sized enterprises’ means micro, small and medium-sized enterprises as defined with regard to the annual turnover criterion referred to in Article 2(1) of the Annex to Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC 
(
29
)
;
(108)
‘regulated market’ means a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU.
2.   The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 in order to specify the criteria for the determination of the activities, services and operations referred to in point (35) of the first subparagraph as regards the definition of ‘critical functions’ and the criteria for the determination of the business lines and associated services referred to in point (36) of the first subparagraph as regards the definition of ‘core business lines’.
Article 3
Designation of authorities responsible for resolution
1.   Each Member State shall designate one or, exceptionally, more resolution authorities that are empowered to apply the resolution tools and exercise the resolution powers.
2.   The resolution authority shall be a public administrative authority or authorities entrusted with public administrative powers.
3.   Resolution authorities may be national central banks, competent ministries or other public administrative authorities or authorities entrusted with public administrative powers. Member States may exceptionally provide for the resolution authority to be the competent authorities for supervision for the purposes of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU. Adequate structural arrangements shall be in place to ensure operational independence and avoid conflicts of interest between the functions of supervision pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU or the other functions of the relevant authority and the functions of resolution authorities pursuant to this Directive, without prejudice to the exchange of information and cooperation obligations as required by paragraph 4. In particular, Member States shall ensure that, within the competent authorities, national central banks, competent ministries or other authorities there is operational independence between the resolution function and the supervisory or other functions of the relevant authority.
The staff involved in carrying out the functions of the resolution authority pursuant to this Directive shall be structurally separated from, and subject to, separate reporting lines from the staff involved in carrying out the tasks pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU or with regard to the other functions of the relevant authority.
For the purposes of this paragraph, the Member States or the resolution authority shall adopt and make public any necessary relevant internal rules including rules regarding professional secrecy and information exchanges between the different functional areas.
4.   Member States shall require that authorities exercising supervision and resolution functions and persons exercising those functions on their behalf cooperate closely in the preparation, planning and application of resolution decisions, both where the resolution authority and the competent authority are separate entities and where the functions are carried out in the same entity.
5.   Each Member State shall designate a single ministry which is responsible for exercising the functions of the competent ministry under this Directive.
6.   Where the resolution authority in a Member State is not the competent ministry it shall inform the competent ministry of the decisions pursuant to this Directive and, unless otherwise laid down in national law, have its approval before implementing decisions that have a direct fiscal impact or systemic implications.
7.   Decisions taken by competent authorities, resolution authorities and EBA in accordance with this Directive shall take into account the potential impact of the decision in all the Member States where the institution or the group operate and minimise the negative effects on financial stability and negative economic and social effects in those Member States. Decisions of EBA are subject to Article 38 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
8.   Member States shall ensure that each resolution authority has the expertise, resources and operational capacity to apply resolution actions, and is able to exercise their powers with the speed and flexibility that are necessary to achieve the resolution objectives.
9.   EBA, in cooperation with competent authorities and resolution authorities, shall develop the required expertise, resources and operational capacity and shall monitor the implementation of paragraph 8, including through periodical peer reviews.
10.   Where, in accordance with paragraph 1, a Member State designates more than one authority to apply the resolution tools and exercise the resolution powers, it shall provide a fully reasoned notification to EBA and the Commission for doing so and shall allocate functions and responsibilities clearly between those authorities, ensure adequate coordination between them and designate a single authority as a contact authority for the purposes of cooperation and coordination with the relevant authorities of other Member States.
11.   Member States shall inform EBA of the national authority or authorities designated as resolution authorities and the contact authority and, where relevant, their specific functions and responsibilities. EBA shall publish the list of those resolution authorities and contact authorities.
12.   Without prejudice to Article 85, Member States may limit the liability of the resolution authority, the competent authority and their respective staff in accordance with national law for acts and omissions in the course of discharging their functions under this Directive.
TITLE II
PREPARATION
CHAPTER I
Recovery and resolution planning
Section 1
General provisions
Article 4
Simplified obligations for certain institutions
1.   Having regard to the impact that the failure of the institution could have, due to the nature of its business, its shareholding structure, its legal form, its risk profile, size and legal status, its interconnectedness to other institutions or to the financial system in general, the scope and the complexity of its activities, its membership of an IPS or other cooperative mutual solidarity systems as referred to in Article 113(7) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and any exercise of investment services or activities as defined in point (2) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, and whether its failure and subsequent winding up under normal insolvency proceedings would be likely to have a significant negative effect on financial markets, on other institutions, on funding conditions, or on the wider economy, Member States shall ensure that competent and resolution authorities determine:
(a)
the contents and details of recovery and resolution plans provided for in Articles 5 to 12;
(b)
the date by which the first recovery and resolution plans are to be drawn up and the frequency for updating recovery and resolution plans which may be lower than that provided for in Article 5(2), Article 7(5), Article 10(6) and Article 13(3);
(c)
the contents and details of the information required from institutions as provided for in Article 5(5), Article 11(1) and Article 12(2) and in Sections A and B of the Annex;
(d)
the level of detail for the assessment of resolvability provided for in Articles 15 and 16, and Section C of the Annex.
2.   Competent authorities and, where relevant, resolution authorities shall make the assessment referred to in paragraph 1 after consulting, where appropriate, the national macroprudential authority.
3.   Member States shall ensure that where simplified obligations are applied the competent authorities and, where relevant, resolution authorities can impose full, unsimplified obligations at any time.
4.   Member States shall ensure that the application of simplified obligations shall not, per se, affect the competent authority’s and, where relevant, the resolution authority’s powers to take a crisis prevention measure or a crisis management measure.
5.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify the criteria referred to in paragraph 1, for assessing, in accordance with that paragraph, the impact of an institution’s failure on financial markets, on other institutions and on funding conditions.
6.   Taking into account, where appropriate, experience acquired in the application of the guidelines referred to in paragraph 5, EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the criteria referred to in paragraph 1, for assessing, in accordance with that paragraph, the impact of an institution’s failure on financial markets, on other institutions and on funding conditions.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2017.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
7.   Competent authorities and resolution authorities shall inform EBA of the way they have applied paragraphs 1, 8, 9 and 10 to institutions in their jurisdiction. EBA shall submit a report to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Commission by 31 December 2017 on the implementation of paragraphs 1, 8, 9 and 10. In particular, that report shall identify any divergences regarding the implementation at national level of paragraphs 1, 8,9 and 10.
8.   Subject to paragraphs 9 and 10, Member States shall ensure that competent authorities and, where relevant, resolution authorities may waive the application of:
(a)
the requirements of Sections 2 and 3 of this Chapter to institutions affiliated to a central body and wholly or partially exempted from prudential requirements in national law in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(b)
the requirements of Section 2 to institutions which are members of an IPS.
9.   Where a waiver pursuant to paragraph 8 is granted, Member States shall:
(a)
apply the requirements of Sections 2 and 3 of this Chapter on a consolidated basis to the central body and institutions affiliated to it within the meaning of Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
(b)
require the IPS to fulfil the requirements of Section 2 in cooperation with each of its waived members.
For that purpose, any reference in Sections 2 and 3 of this Chapter to a group shall include a central body and institutions affiliated to it within the meaning of Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and their subsidiaries, and any reference to parent undertakings or institutions that are subject to consolidated supervision pursuant to Article 111 of Directive 2013/36/EU shall include the central body.
10.   Institutions subject to direct supervision by the European Central Bank pursuant to Article 6(4) of Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 or constituting a significant share in the financial system of a Member State shall draw up their own recovery plans in accordance with Section 2 of this Chapter and shall be the subject of individual resolution plans in accordance with Section 3.
For the purposes of this paragraph, the operations of an institution shall be considered to constitute a significant share of that Member State’s financial system if any of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the total value of its assets exceeds EUR 30 000 000 000; or
(b)
the ratio of its total assets over the GDP of the Member State of establishment exceeds 20 %, unless the total value of its assets is below EUR 5 000 000 000.
11.   EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify uniform formats, templates and definitions for the identification and transmission of information by competent authorities and resolution authorities to EBA for the purposes of paragraph 7, subject to the principle of proportionality.
EBA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Section 2
Recovery planning
Article 5
Recovery plans
1.   Member States shall ensure that each institution, that is not part of a group subject to consolidated supervision pursuant to Articles 111 and 112 of Directive 2013/36/EU, draws up and maintains a recovery plan providing for measures to be taken by the institution to restore its financial position following a significant deterioration of its financial situation. Recovery plans shall be considered to be a governance arrangement within the meaning of Article 74 of Directive 2013/36/EU.
2.   Competent authorities shall ensure that the institutions update their recovery plans at least annually or after a change to the legal or organisational structure of the institution, its business or its financial situation, which could have a material effect on, or necessitates a change to, the recovery plan. Competent authorities may require institutions to update their recovery plans more frequently.
3.   Recovery plans shall not assume any access to or receipt of extraordinary public financial support.
4.   Recovery plans shall include, where applicable, an analysis of how and when an institution may apply, in the conditions addressed by the plan, for the use of central bank facilities and identify those assets which would be expected to qualify as collateral.
5.   Without prejudice to Article 4, Member States shall ensure that the recovery plans include the information listed in Section A of the Annex. Member States may require that additional information is included in the recovery plans.
Recovery plans shall also include possible measures which could be taken by the institution where the conditions for early intervention under Article 27 are met.
6.   Member States shall require that recovery plans include appropriate conditions and procedures to ensure the timely implementation of recovery actions as well as a wide range of recovery options. Member States shall require that recovery plans contemplate a range of scenarios of severe macroeconomic and financial stress relevant to the institution’s specific conditions including system-wide events and stress specific to individual legal persons and to groups.
7.   EBA, in close cooperation with the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify further the range of scenarios to be used for the purposes of paragraph 6 of this Article.
8.   Member States may provide that competent authorities have the power to require an institution to maintain detailed records of financial contracts to which the institution concerned is a party.
9.   The management body of the institution referred to in paragraph 1 shall assess and approve the recovery plan before submitting it to the competent authority.
10.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards further specifying, without prejudice to Article 4, the information to be contained in the recovery plan referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 6
Assessment of recovery plans
1.   Member States shall require institutions that are required to draw up recovery plans under Article 5(1) and Article 7(1) to submit those recovery plans to the competent authority for review. Member States shall require institutions to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that those plans meet the criteria of paragraph 2.
2.   The competent authorities shall, within six months of the submission of each plan, and after consulting the competent authorities of the Member States where significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to that branch, review it and assess the extent to which it satisfies the requirements laid down in Article 5 and the following criteria:
(a)
the implementation of the arrangements proposed in the plan is reasonably likely to maintain or restore the viability and financial position of the institution or of the group, taking into account the preparatory measures that the institution has taken or has planned to take;
(b)
the plan and specific options within the plan are reasonably likely to be implemented quickly and effectively in situations of financial stress and avoiding to the maximum extent possible any significant adverse effect on the financial system, including in scenarios which would lead other institutions to implement recovery plans within the same period.
3.   When assessing the appropriateness of the recovery plans, the competent authority shall take into consideration the appropriateness of the institution’s capital and funding structure to the level of complexity of the organisational structure and the risk profile of the institution.
4.   The competent authority shall provide the recovery plan to the resolution authority. The resolution authority may examine the recovery plan with a view to identifying any actions in the recovery plan which may adversely impact the resolvability of the institution and make recommendations to the competent authority with regard to those matters.
5.   Where the competent authority assesses that there are material deficiencies in the recovery plan, or material impediments to its implementation, it shall notify the institution or the parent undertaking of the group of its assessment and require the institution to submit, within two months, extendable with the authorities’ approval by one month, a revised plan demonstrating how those deficiencies or impediments are addressed.
Before requiring an institution to resubmit a recovery plan the competent authority shall give the institution the opportunity to state its opinion on that requirement.
Where the competent authority does not consider the deficiencies and impediments to have been adequately addressed by the revised plan, it may direct the institution to make specific changes to the plan.
6.   If the institution fails to submit a revised recovery plan, or if the competent authority determines that the revised recovery plan does not adequately remedy the deficiencies or potential impediments identified in its original assessment, and it is not possible to adequately remedy the deficiencies or impediments through a direction to make specific changes to the plan, the competent authority shall require the institution to identify within a reasonable timeframe changes it can make to its business in order to address the deficiencies in or impediments to the implementation of the recovery plan.
If the institution fails to identify such changes within the timeframe set by the competent authority, or if the competent authority assesses that the actions proposed by the institution would not adequately address the deficiencies or impediments, the competent authority may direct the institution to take any measures it considers to be necessary and proportionate, taking into account the seriousness of the deficiencies and impediments and the effect of the measures on the institution’s business.
The competent authority may, without prejudice to Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU, direct the institution to:
(a)
reduce the risk profile of the institution, including liquidity risk;
(b)
enable timely recapitalisation measures;
(c)
review the institution’s strategy and structure;
(d)
make changes to the funding strategy so as to improve the resilience of the core business lines and critical functions;
(e)
make changes to the governance structure of the institution.
The list of measures referred to in this paragraph does not preclude Member States from authorising competent authorities to take additional measures under national law.
7.   When the competent authority requires an institution to take measures according to paragraph 6, its decision on the measures shall be reasoned and proportionate.
The decision shall be notified in writing to the institution and subject to a right of appeal.
8.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying the minimum criteria that the competent authority is to assess for the purposes of the assessment of paragraph 2 of this Article and of Article 8(1).
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 7
Group recovery plans
1.   Member States shall ensure that Union parent undertakings draw up and submit to the consolidating supervisor a group recovery plan. Group recovery plans shall consist of a recovery plan for the group headed by the Union parent undertaking as a whole. The group recovery plan shall identify measures that may be required to be implemented at the level of the Union parent undertaking and each individual subsidiary.
2.   In accordance with Article 8, competent authorities may require subsidiaries to draw up and submit recovery plans on an individual basis.
3.   The consolidating supervisor shall, provided that the confidentiality requirements laid down in this Directive are in place, transmit the group recovery plans to:
(a)
the relevant competent authorities referred to in Articles 115 and 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU;
(b)
the competent authorities of the Member States where significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to that branch;
(c)
the group- level resolution authority; and
(d)
the resolution authorities of subsidiaries.
4.   The group recovery plan shall aim to achieve the stabilisation of the group as a whole, or any institution of the group, when it is in a situation of stress so as to address or remove the causes of the distress and restore the financial position of the group or the institution in question, at the same time taking into account the financial position of other group entities.
The group recovery plan shall include arrangements to ensure the coordination and consistency of measures to be taken at the level of the Union parent undertaking, at the level of the entities referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) as well as measures to be taken at the level of subsidiaries and, where applicable, in accordance with Directive 2013/36/EU at the level of significant branches.
5.   The group recovery plan, and any plan drawn up for an individual subsidiary, shall include the elements specified in Article 5. Those plans shall include, where applicable, arrangements for intra-group financial support adopted pursuant to an agreement for intra-group financial support that has been concluded in accordance with Chapter III.
6.   Group recovery plans shall include a range of recovery options setting out actions to address those scenarios provided for in Article 5(6).
For each of the scenarios, the group recovery plan shall identify whether there are obstacles to the implementation of recovery measures within the group, including at the level of individual entities covered by the plan, and whether there are substantial practical or legal impediments to the prompt transfer of own funds or the repayment of liabilities or assets within the group.
7.   The management body of the entity drawing up the group recovery plan pursuant to paragraph 1 shall assess and approve the group recovery plan before submitting it to the consolidating supervisor.
Article 8
Assessment of group recovery plans
1.   The consolidating supervisor shall, together with the competent authorities of subsidiaries, after consulting the competent authorities referred to in Article 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU and with the competent authorities of significant branches insofar as is relevant to the significant branch, review the group recovery plan and assess the extent to which it satisfies the requirements and criteria laid down in Articles 6 and 7. That assessment shall be made in accordance with the procedure established in Article 6 and with this Article and shall take into account the potential impact of the recovery measures on financial stability in all the Member States where the group operates.
2.   The consolidating supervisor and the competent authorities of subsidiaries shall endeavour to reach a joint decision on:
(a)
the review and assessment of the group recovery plan;
(b)
whether a recovery plan on an individual basis shall be drawn up for institutions that are part of the group; and
(c)
the application of the measures referred to in Article 6(5) and (6).
The parties shall endeavour to reach a joint decision within four months of the date of the transmission by the consolidating supervisor of the group recovery plan in accordance with Article 7(3).
EBA may, at the request of a competent authority, assist the competent authorities in reaching a joint decision in accordance with Article 31(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
3.   In the absence of a joint decision between the competent authorities, within four months of the date of transmission, on the review and assessment of the group recovery plan or on any measures the Union parent undertaking is required to take in accordance with Article 6(5) and (6), the consolidating supervisor shall make its own decision with regard to those matters. The consolidating supervisor shall make its decision having taken into account the views and reservations of the other competent authorities expressed during the four-month period. The consolidating supervisor shall notify the decision to the Union parent undertaking and to the other competent authorities.
If, at the end of that four-month period, any of the competent authorities referred to in paragraph 2 has referred a matter mentioned in paragraph 7 to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the consolidating supervisor shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of the Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the consolidating supervisor shall apply.
4.   In the absence of a joint decision between the competent authorities within four months of the date of transmission on:
(a)
whether a recovery plan on an individual basis is to be drawn up for the institutions under its jurisdiction; or
(b)
the application at subsidiary level of the measures referred to in Article 6(5) and (6);
each competent authority shall make its own decision on that matter.
If, at the end of the four-month period, any of the competent authorities concerned has referred a matter mentioned in paragraph 7 to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the competent authority of the subsidiary shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the competent authority responsible for the subsidiary at an individual level shall apply.
5.   The other competent authorities which do not disagree under paragraph 4 may reach a joint decision on a group recovery plan covering group entities under their jurisdictions.
6.   The joint decision referred to in paragraph 2 or 5 and the decisions taken by the competent authorities in the absence of a joint decision referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be recognised as conclusive and applied by the competent authorities in the Member States concerned.
7.   Upon request of a competent authority in accordance with paragraph 3 or 4, EBA may only assist the competent authorities in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 in relation to the assessment of recovery plans and implementation of the measures of point (a), (b) and (d) of Article 6(6).
Article 9
Recovery Plan Indicators
1.   For the purpose of Articles 5 to 8, competent authorities shall require that each recovery plan includes a framework of indicators established by the institution which identifies the points at which appropriate actions referred to in the plan may be taken. Such indicators shall be agreed by competent authorities when making the assessment of recovery plans in accordance with Articles 6 and 8. The indicators may be of a qualitative or quantitative nature relating to the institution’s financial position and shall be capable of being monitored easily. Competent authorities shall ensure that institutions put in place appropriate arrangements for the regular monitoring of the indicators.
Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, an institution may:
(a)
take action under its recovery plan where the relevant indicator has not been met, but where the management body of the institution considers it to be appropriate in the circumstances; or
(b)
refrain from taking such an action where the management body of the institution does not consider it to be appropriate in the circumstances of the situation.
A decision to take an action referred to in the recovery plan or a decision to refrain from taking such an action shall be notified to the competent authority without delay.
2.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify the minimum list of qualitative and quantitative indicators as referred to in paragraph 1.
Section 3
Resolution planning
Article 10
Resolution plans
1.   The resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority and after consulting the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which any significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch shall draw up a resolution plan for each institution that is not part of a group subject to consolidated supervision pursuant to Articles 111 and 112 of Directive 2013/36/EU. The resolution plan shall provide for the resolution actions which the resolution authority may take where the institution meets the conditions for resolution. Information referred to paragraph 7(a) shall be disclosed to the institution concerned.
2.   When drawing up the resolution plan, the resolution authority shall identify any material impediments to resolvability and, where necessary and proportionate, outline relevant actions for how those impediments could be addressed, according to Chapter II of this Title.
3.   The resolution plan shall take into consideration relevant scenarios including that the event of failure may be idiosyncratic or may occur at a time of broader financial instability or system wide events. The resolution plan shall not assume any of the following:
(a)
any extraordinary public financial support besides the use of the financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(b)
any central bank emergency liquidity assistance; or
(c)
any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms.
4.   The resolution plan shall include an analysis of how and when an institution may apply, in the conditions addressed by the plan, for the use of central bank facilities and shall identify those assets which would be expected to qualify as collateral.
5.   Resolution authorities may require institutions to assist them in the drawing up and updating of the plans.
6.   Resolution plans shall be reviewed, and where appropriate updated, at least annually and after any material changes to the legal or organisational structure of the institution or to its business or its financial position that could have a material effect on the effectiveness of the plan or otherwise necessitates a revision of the resolution plan.
For the purpose of the revision or update of the resolution plans referred to in the first subparagraph, the institutions and the competent authorities shall promptly communicate to the resolution authorities any change that necessitates such a revision or update.
7.   Without prejudice to Article 4, the resolution plan shall set out options for applying the resolution tools and resolution powers referred to in Title IV to the institution. It shall include, quantified whenever appropriate and possible:
(a)
a summary of the key elements of the plan;
(b)
a summary of the material changes to the institution that have occurred after the latest resolution information was filed;
(c)
a demonstration of how critical functions and core business lines could be legally and economically separated, to the extent necessary, from other functions so as to ensure continuity upon the failure of the institution;
(d)
an estimation of the timeframe for executing each material aspect of the plan;
(e)
a detailed description of the assessment of resolvability carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article and with Article 15;
(f)
a description of any measures required pursuant to Article 17 to address or remove impediments to resolvability identified as a result of the assessment carried out in accordance with Article 15;
(g)
a description of the processes for determining the value and marketability of the critical functions, core business lines and assets of the institution;
(h)
a detailed description of the arrangements for ensuring that the information required pursuant to Article 11 is up to date and at the disposal of the resolution authorities at all times;
(i)
an explanation by the resolution authority as to how the resolution options could be financed without the assumption of any of the following:
(i)
any extraordinary public financial support besides the use of the financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(ii)
any central bank emergency liquidity assistance; or
(iii)
any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms;
(j)
a detailed description of the different resolution strategies that could be applied according to the different possible scenarios and the applicable timescales;
(k)
a description of critical interdependencies;
(l)
a description of options for preserving access to payments and clearing services and other infrastructures and, an assessment of the portability of client positions;
(m)
an analysis of the impact of the plan on the employees of the institution, including an assessment of any associated costs, and a description of envisaged procedures to consult staff during the resolution process, taking into account national systems for dialogue with social partners where applicable;
(n)
a plan for communicating with the media and the public;
(o)
the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities required pursuant to Article 45(1) and a deadline to reach that level, where applicable;
(p)
where applicable, the minimum requirement for own funds and contractual bail-in instruments pursuant to Article 45(1), and a deadline to reach that level, where applicable;
(q)
a description of essential operations and systems for maintaining the continuous functioning of the institution’s operational processes;
(r)
where applicable, any opinion expressed by the institution in relation to the resolution plan.
8.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to require an institution and an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to maintain detailed records of financial contracts to which it is a party. The resolution authority may specify a time-limit within which the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is to be capable of producing those records. The same time-limit shall apply to all institutions and all entities referred to in point (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) under its jurisdiction. The resolution authority may decide to set different time-limits for different types of financial contracts as referred to in Article 2(100). This paragraph shall not affect the information gathering powers of the competent authority.
9.   EBA, after consulting the ESRB, shall develop draft regulatory technical standards further specifying the contents of the resolution plan.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 11
Information for the purpose of resolution plans and cooperation from the institution
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to require institutions to:
(a)
cooperate as much as necessary in the drawing up of resolution plans;
(b)
provide them, either directly or through the competent authority, with all of the information necessary to draw up and implement resolution plans.
In particular the resolution authorities shall have the power to require, among other information, the information and analysis specified in Section B of the Annex.
2.   Competent authorities in the relevant Member States shall cooperate with resolution authorities in order to verify whether some or all of the information referred to in paragraph 1 is already available. Where such information is available, competent authorities shall provide that information to the resolution authorities.
3.   EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify procedures and a minimum set of standard forms and templates for the provision of information under this Article.
EBA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 12
Group resolution plans
1.   Member States shall ensure that group-level resolution authorities, together with the resolution authorities of subsidiaries and after consulting the resolution authorities of significant branches insofar as is relevant to the significant branch, draw up group resolution plans. Group resolution plans shall include a plan for resolution of the group headed by the Union parent undertaking as a whole, either through resolution at the level of the Union parent undertaking or through break up and resolution of the subsidiaries. The group resolution plan shall identify measures for the resolution of:
(a)
the Union parent undertaking;
(b)
the subsidiaries that are part of the group and that are located in the Union;
(c)
the entities referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1); and
(d)
subject to Title VI, the subsidiaries that are part of the group and that are located outside the Union.
2.   The group resolution plan shall be drawn up on the basis of the information provided pursuant to Article 11.
3.   The group resolution plan shall:
(a)
set out the resolution actions to be taken in relation to group entities, both through resolution actions in respect of the entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1), the parent undertaking and subsidiary institutions and through coordinated resolution actions in respect of subsidiary institutions, in the scenarios provided for in Article 10(3);
(b)
examine the extent to which the resolution tools and powers could be applied and exercised in a coordinated way to group entities established in the Union, including measures to facilitate the purchase by a third party of the group as a whole, or separate business lines or activities that are delivered by a number of group entities, or particular group entities, and identify any potential impediments to a coordinated resolution;
(c)
where a group includes entities incorporated in third countries, identify appropriate arrangements for cooperation and coordination with the relevant authorities of those third countries and the implications for resolution within the Union;
(d)
identify measures, including the legal and economic separation of particular functions or business lines, that are necessary to facilitate group resolution when the conditions for resolution are met;
(e)
set out any additional actions, not referred to in this Directive, which the group-level resolution authority intends to take in relation to the resolution of the group;
(f)
identify how the group resolution actions could be financed and, where the financing arrangement would be required, set out principles for sharing responsibility for that financing between sources of funding in different Member States. The plan shall not assume any of the following:
(i)
any extraordinary public financial support besides the use of the financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(ii)
any central bank emergency liquidity assistance; or
(iii)
any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms.
Those principles shall be set out on the basis of equitable and balanced criteria and shall take into account, in particular Article 107(5) and the impact on financial stability in all Member States concerned.
4.   The assessment of the resolvability of the group under Article 16 shall be carried out at the same time as the drawing up and updating of the group resolution plan in accordance with this Article. A detailed description of the assessment of resolvability carried out in accordance with Article 16 shall be included in the group resolution plan.
5.   The group resolution plan shall not have a disproportionate impact on any Member State.
6.   EBA shall, after consulting the ESRB, develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying the contents of group resolution plans, by taking into account the diversity of business models of groups in the internal market.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 13
Requirement and procedure for group resolution plans
1.   Union parent undertakings shall submit the information that may be required in accordance with Article 11 to the group-level resolution authority. That information shall concern the Union parent undertaking and to the extent required each of the group entities including entities referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1).
The group-level resolution authority shall, provided that the confidentiality requirements laid down in this Directive are in place, transmit the information provided in accordance with this paragraph to:
(a)
EBA;
(b)
the resolution authorities of subsidiaries;
(c)
the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch;
(d)
the relevant competent authorities referred to in Articles 115 and 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU; and
(e)
the resolution authorities of the Member States where the entities referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) are established.
The information provided by the group-level resolution authority to the resolution authorities and competent authorities of subsidiaries, resolution authorities of the jurisdiction in which any significant branches are located, and to the relevant competent authorities referred to in Articles 115 and 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU, shall include at a minimum all information that is relevant to the subsidiary or significant branch. The information provided to EBA shall include all information that is relevant to the role of EBA in relation the group resolution plans. In the case of information relating to third-country subsidiaries, the group-level resolution authority shall not be obliged to transmit that information without the consent of the relevant third-country supervisory authority or resolution authority.
2.   Member States shall ensure that group-level resolution authorities, acting jointly with the resolution authorities referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 of this Article, in resolution colleges and after consulting the relevant competent authorities, including the competent authorities of the jurisdictions of Member States in which any significant branches are located, draw up and maintain group resolution plans. Group-level resolution authorities may, at their discretion, and subject to them meeting the confidentiality requirements laid down in Article 98 of this Directive, involve in the drawing up and maintenance of group resolution plans third-country resolution authorities of jurisdictions in which the group has established subsidiaries or financial holding companies or significant branches as referred to in Article 51 of Directive 2013/36/EU.
3.   Member States shall ensure that group resolution plans are reviewed, and where appropriate updated, at least annually, and after any change to the legal or organisational structure, to the business or to the financial position of the group including any group entity, that could have a material effect on or require a change to the plan.
4.   The adoption of the group resolution plan shall take the form of a joint decision of the group-level resolution authority and the resolution authorities of subsidiaries.
Those resolution authorities shall make a joint decision within four months of the date of the transmission by the group-level resolution authority of the information referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1.
EBA may, at the request of a resolution authority, assist the resolution authorities in reaching a joint decision in accordance with Article 31(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
5.   In the absence of a joint decision between the resolution authorities within four months, the group-level resolution authority shall make its own decision on the group resolution plan. The decision shall be fully reasoned and shall take into account the views and reservations of other resolution authorities. The decision shall be provided to the Union parent undertaking by the group-level resolution authority.
Subject to paragraph 9 of this Article, if, at the end of the four-month period, any resolution authority has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the group-level resolution authority shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the group-level resolution authority shall apply.
6.   In the absence of a joint decision between the resolution authorities within four months, each resolution authority responsible for a subsidiary shall make its own decision and shall draw up and maintain a resolution plan for the entities under its jurisdiction. Each of the individual decisions shall be fully reasoned, shall set out the reasons disagreement with the proposed group resolution plan and shall take into account the views and reservations of the other competent authorities and resolution authorities. Each resolution authority shall notify its decision to the other members of the resolution college.
Subject to paragraph 9 of this Article, if, at the end of the four-month period, any resolution authority has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the resolution authority concerned shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the resolution authority of the subsidiary shall apply.
7.   The other resolution authorities which do not disagree under paragraph 6 may reach a joint decision on a group resolution plan covering group entities under their jurisdictions.
8.   The joint decisions referred to in paragraphs 4 and 7 and the decisions taken by the resolution authorities in the absence of a joint decision referred to in paragraphs 5 and 6 shall be recognised as conclusive and applied by the other resolution authorities concerned.
9.   In accordance with paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article, upon request of a resolution authority, EBA may assist the resolution authorities in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 unless any resolution authority concerned assesses that the subject matter under disagreement may in any way impinge on its Member States’ fiscal responsibilities.
10.   Where joint decisions are taken pursuant to paragraphs 4 and 7 and where a resolution authority assesses under paragraph 9 that the subject matter of a disagreement regarding group resolution plans impinges on the fiscal responsibilities of its Member State, the group-level resolution authority shall initiate a reassessment of the group resolution plan, including the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities.
Article 14
Transmission of resolution plans to the competent authorities
1.   The resolution authority shall transmit the resolution plans and any changes thereto to the relevant competent authorities.
2.   The group-level resolution authority shall transmit group resolution plans and any changes thereto to the relevant competent authorities.
CHAPTER II
Resolvability
Article 15
Assessment of resolvability for institutions
1.   Member States shall ensure that, after the resolution authority has consulted the competent authority and the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch, it assesses the extent to which an institution which is not part of a group is resolvable without the assumption of any of the following:
(a)
any extraordinary public financial support besides the use of the financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(b)
any central bank emergency liquidity assistance;
(c)
any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms.
An institution shall be deemed to be resolvable if it is feasible and credible for the resolution authority to either liquidate it under normal insolvency proceedings or to resolve it by applying the different resolution tools and powers to the institution while avoiding to the maximum extent possible any significant adverse effect on the financial system, including in circumstances of broader financial instability or system-wide events, of the Member State in which the institution is established, or other Member States or the Union and with a view to ensuring the continuity of critical functions carried out by the institution. The resolution authorities shall notify EBA in a timely manner whenever an institution is deemed not to be resolvable.
2.   For the purposes of the assessment of resolvability referred to in paragraph 1, the resolution authority shall, as a minimum, examine the matters specified in Section C of the Annex.
3.   The resolvability assessment under this Article shall be made by the resolution authority at the same time as and for the purposes of the drawing up and updating of the resolution plan in accordance with Article 10.
4.   EBA, after consulting the ESRB, shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the matters and criteria for the assessment of the resolvability of institutions or groups provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article and in Article 16.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the draft regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 16
Assessment of resolvability for groups
1.   Member States shall ensure that group-level resolution authorities, together with the resolution authorities of subsidiaries, after consulting the consolidating supervisor and the competent authorities of such subsidiaries, and the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch, assess the extent to which groups are resolvable without the assumption of any of the following:
(a)
any extraordinary public financial support besides the use of the financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(b)
any central bank emergency liquidity assistance;
(c)
any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms.
A group shall be deemed to be resolvable if it is feasible and credible for the resolution authorities to either wind up group entities under normal insolvency proceedings or to resolve group entities by applying resolution tools and powers to group entities while avoiding to the maximum extent possible any significant adverse effect on the financial system, including in circumstances of broader financial instability or system wide events, of the Member States in which group entities are established, or other Member States or the Union and with a view to ensuring the continuity of critical functions carried out by the group entities, where they can be easily separated in a timely manner or by other means. Group-level resolution authorities shall notify EBA in a timely manner whenever a group is deemed not to be resolvable.
The assessment of group resolvability shall be taken into consideration by the resolution colleges referred to in Article 88.
2.   For the purposes of the assessment of group resolvability, resolution authorities shall, as a minimum, examine the matters specified in Section C of the Annex.
3.   The assessment of group resolvability under this Article shall be made at the same time as, and for the purposes of drawing up and updating of the group resolution plans in accordance with Article 12. The assessment shall be made under the decision-making procedure laid down in Article 13.
Article 17
Powers to address or remove impediments to resolvability
1.   Member States shall ensure that when, pursuant to an assessment of resolvability for an institution carried out in accordance with Articles 15 and 16, a resolution authority after consulting the competent authority determines that there are substantive impediments to the resolvability of that institution, the resolution authority shall notify in writing that determination to the institution concerned, to the competent authority and to the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located.
2.   The requirement for resolution authorities to draw up resolution plans and for the relevant resolution authorities to reach a joint decision on group resolution plans in Article 10(1) and Article 13(4) respectively shall be suspended following the notification referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article until the measures to remove the substantive impediments to resolvability have been accepted by the resolution authority pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article or decided pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article.
3.   Within four months of the date of receipt of a notification made in accordance with paragraph 1, the institution shall propose to the resolution authority possible measures to address or remove the substantive impediments identified in the notification. The resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority, shall assess whether those measures effectively address or remove the substantive impediments in question.
4.   Where the resolution authority assesses that the measures proposed by an institution in accordance with paragraph 3 do not effectively reduce or remove the impediments in question, it shall, either directly or indirectly through the competent authority, require the institution to take alternative measures that may achieve that objective, and notify in writing those measures to the institution, which shall propose within one month a plan to comply with them.
In identifying alternative measures, the resolution authority shall demonstrate how the measures proposed by the institution would not be able to remove the impediments to resolvability and how the alternative measures proposed are proportionate in removing them. The resolution authority shall take into account the threat to financial stability of those impediments to resolvability and the effect of the measures on the business of the institution, its stability and its ability to contribute to the economy.
5.   For the purposes of paragraph 4, resolution authorities shall have the power to take any of the following measures:
(a)
require the institution to revise any intragroup financing agreements or review the absence thereof, or draw up service agreements, whether intra-group or with third parties, to cover the provision of critical functions;
(b)
require the institution to limit its maximum individual and aggregate exposures;
(c)
impose specific or regular additional information requirements relevant for resolution purposes;
(d)
require the institution to divest specific assets;
(e)
require the institution to limit or cease specific existing or proposed activities;
(f)
restrict or prevent the development of new or existing business lines or sale of new or existing products;
(g)
require changes to legal or operational structures of the institution or any group entity, either directly or indirectly under its control, so as to reduce complexity in order to ensure that critical functions may be legally and operationally separated from other functions through the application of the resolution tools;
(h)
require an institution or a parent undertaking to set up a parent financial holding company in a Member State or a Union parent financial holding company;
(i)
require an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to issue eligible liabilities to meet the requirements of Article 45;
(j)
require an institution or entity referred to in point(b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), to take other steps to meet the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities under Article 45, including in particular to attempt to renegotiate any eligible liability, additional Tier 1 instrument or Tier 2 instrument it has issued, with a view to ensuring that any decision of the resolution authority to write down or convert that liability or instrument would be effected under the law of the jurisdiction governing that liability or instrument; and
(k)
where an institution is the subsidiary of a mixed-activity holding company, requiring that the mixed-activity holding company set up a separate financial holding company to control the institution, if necessary in order to facilitate the resolution of the institution and to avoid the application of the resolution tools and powers referred to in Title IV having an adverse effect on the non-financial part of the group.
6.   A decision made pursuant to paragraph 1 or 4 shall meet the following requirements:
(a)
it shall be supported by reasons for the assessment or determination in question;
(b)
it shall indicate how that assessment or determination complies with the requirement for proportionate application laid down in paragraph 4; and
(c)
it shall be subject to a right of appeal.
7.   Before identifying any measure referred to in paragraph 4, the resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority and, if appropriate, the designated national macroprudential authority, shall duly consider the potential effect of those measures on the particular institution, on the internal market for financial services, on the financial stability in other Member States and Union as a whole.
8.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify further details on the measures provided for in paragraph 5 and the circumstances in which each measure may be applied.
Article 18
Powers to address or remove impediments to resolvability: group treatment
1.   The group-level resolution authority together with the resolution authorities of subsidiaries, after consulting the supervisory college and the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch, shall consider the assessment required by Article 16 within the resolution college and shall take all reasonable steps to reach a joint decision on the application of measures identified in accordance with Article 17(4) in relation to all institutions that are part of the group.
2.   The group-level resolution authority, in cooperation with the consolidating supervisor and EBA in accordance with Article 25(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, shall prepare and submit a report to the Union parent undertaking, to the resolution authorities of subsidiaries, which will provide it to the subsidiaries under their supervision, and to the resolution authorities of jurisdictions in which significant branches are located. The report shall be prepared after consulting the competent authorities, and shall analyse the substantive impediments to the effective application of the resolution tools and the exercising of the resolution powers in relation to the group. The report shall consider the impact on the institution’s business model and recommend any proportionate and targeted measures that, in the authority’s view, are necessary or appropriate to remove those impediments.
3.   Within four months of the date of receipt of the report, the Union parent undertaking may submit observations and propose to the group-level resolution authority alternative measures to remedy the impediments identified in the report.
4.   The group-level resolution authority shall communicate any measure proposed by the Union parent undertaking to the consolidating supervisor, EBA, the resolution authorities of the subsidiaries and the resolution authorities of the jurisdictions in which significant branches are located insofar as is relevant to the significant branch. The group-level resolution authorities and the resolution authorities of the subsidiaries, after consulting the competent authorities and the resolution authorities of jurisdictions in which significant branches are located, shall do everything within their power to reach a joint decision within the resolution college regarding the identification of the material impediments, and if necessary, the assessment of the measures proposed by the Union parent undertaking and the measures required by the authorities in order to address or remove the impediments, which shall take into account the potential impact of the measures in all the Member States where the group operates.
5.   The joint decision shall be reached within four months of submission of any observations by the Union parent undertaking or at the expiry of the four-month period referred to in paragraph 3, whichever the earlier. It shall be reasoned and set out in a document which shall be provided by the group-level resolution authority to the Union parent undertaking.
EBA may, at the request of a resolution authority, assist the resolution authorities in reaching a joint decision in accordance with Article 31(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
6.   In the absence of a joint decision within the period referred to in paragraph 5, the group-level resolution authority shall make its own decision on the appropriate measures to be taken in accordance with Article 17(4) at the group level.
The decision shall be fully reasoned and shall take into account the views and reservations of other resolution authorities. The decision shall be provided to the Union parent undertaking by the group-level resolution authority.
If, at the end of the four-month period, any resolution authority has referred a matter mentioned in paragraph 9 of this Article to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the group-level resolution authority shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the group-level resolution authority shall apply.
7.   In the absence of a joint decision, the resolution authorities of subsidiaries shall make their own decisions on the appropriate measures to be taken by subsidiaries at individual level in accordance with Article 17(4). The decision shall be fully reasoned and shall take into account the views and reservations of the other resolution authorities. The decision shall be provided to the subsidiary concerned and to the group-level resolution authority.
If, at the end of the four-month period, any resolution authority has referred a matter mentioned in paragraph 9 of this Article to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the resolution authority of the subsidiary shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the resolution authority of the subsidiary shall apply.
8.   The joint decision referred to in paragraph 5 and the decisions taken by the resolution authorities in the absence of a joint decision referred to in paragraph 6 shall be recognised as conclusive and applied by the other resolution authorities concerned.
9.   In the absence of a joint decision on the taking of any measures referred to in point (g), (h) or (k) of Article 17(5), EBA may, upon the request of a resolution authority in accordance with paragraph 6 or 7 of this Article, assist the resolution authorities in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
CHAPTER III
Intra group financial support
Article 19
Group financial support agreement
1.   Member States shall ensure that a parent institution in a Member State, a Union parent institution, or an entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) and its subsidiaries in other Member States or third countries that are institutions or financial institutions covered by the consolidated supervision of the parent undertaking, may enter into an agreement to provide financial support to any other party to the agreement that meets the conditions for early intervention pursuant to Article 27, provided that the conditions laid down in this Chapter are also met.
2.   This Chapter does not apply to intra-group financial arrangements including funding arrangements and the operation of centralised funding arrangements provided that none of the parties to such arrangements meets the conditions for early intervention.
3.   A group financial support agreement shall not constitute a prerequisite:
(a)
to provide group financial support to any group entity that experiences financial difficulties if the institution decides to do so, on a case-by-case basis and according to the group policies if it does not represent a risk for the whole group; or
(b)
to operate in a Member State.
4.   Member States shall remove any legal impediment in national law to intra-group financial support transactions that are undertaken in accordance with this Chapter, provided that nothing in this Chapter shall prevent Member States from imposing limitations on intra-group transactions in connection with national laws exercising the options provided for in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, transposing Directive 2013/36/EU or requiring the separation of parts of a group or activities carried on within a group for reasons of financial stability.
5.   The group financial support agreement may:
(a)
cover one or more subsidiaries of the group, and may provide for financial support from the parent undertaking to subsidiaries, from subsidiaries to the parent undertaking, between subsidiaries of the group that are party to the agreement, or any combination of those entities;
(b)
provide for financial support in the form of a loan, the provision of guarantees, the provision of assets for use as collateral, or any combination of those forms of financial support, in one or more transactions, including between the beneficiary of the support and a third party.
6.   Where, in accordance with the terms of the group financial support agreement, a group entity agrees to provide financial support to another group entity, the agreement may include a reciprocal agreement by the group entity receiving the support to provide financial support to the group entity providing the support.
7.   The group financial support agreement shall specify the principles for the calculation of the consideration, for any transaction made under it. Those principles shall include a requirement that the consideration shall be set at the time of the provision of financial support. The agreement, including the principles for calculation of the consideration for the provision of financial support and the other terms of the agreement, shall comply with the following principles:
(a)
each party must be acting freely in entering into the agreement;
(b)
in entering into the agreement and in determining the consideration for the provision of financial support, each party must be acting in its own best interests which may take account of any direct or any indirect benefit that may accrue to a party as a result of provision of the financial support;
(c)
each party providing financial support must have full disclosure of relevant information from any party receiving financial support prior to determination of the consideration for the provision of financial support and prior to any decision to provide financial support;
(d)
the consideration for the provision of financial support may take account of information in the possession of the party providing financial support based on it being in the same group as the party receiving financial support and which is not available to the market; and
(e)
the principles for the calculation of the consideration for the provision of financial support are not obliged to take account of any anticipated temporary impact on market prices arising from events external to the group.
8.   The group financial support agreement may only be concluded if, at the time the proposed agreement is made, in the opinion of their respective competent authorities, none of the parties meets the conditions for early intervention.
9.   Member States shall ensure that any right, claim or action arising from the group financial support agreement may be exercised only by the parties to the agreement, with the exclusion of third parties.
Article 20
Review of proposed agreement by competent authorities and mediation
1.   The Union parent institution shall submit to the consolidating supervisor an application for authorisation of any proposed group financial support agreement proposed pursuant to Article 19. The application shall contain the text of the proposed agreement and identify the group entities that propose to be parties.
2.   The consolidating supervisor shall forward without delay the application to the competent authorities of each subsidiary that proposes to be a party to the agreement, with a view to reaching a joint decision.
3.   The consolidating supervisor shall, in accordance with the procedure set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article, grant the authorisation if the terms of the proposed agreement are consistent with the conditions for financial support set out in Article 23.
4.   The consolidating supervisor may, in accordance with the procedure set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article, prohibit the conclusion of the proposed agreement if it is considered to be inconsistent with the conditions for financial support set out in Article 23.
5.   The competent authorities shall do everything within their power to reach a joint decision, taking into account the potential impact, including any fiscal consequences, of the execution of the agreement in all the Member States where the group operates, on whether the terms of the proposed agreement are consistent with the conditions for financial support laid down in Article 23 within four months of the date of receipt of the application by the consolidating supervisor. The joint decision shall be set out in a document containing the fully reasoned decision, which shall be provided to the applicant by the consolidating supervisor.
EBA may at the request of a competent authority assist the competent authorities in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
6.   In the absence of a joint decision between the competent authorities within four months, the consolidating supervisor shall make its own decision on the application. The decision shall be set out in a document containing the full reasoning and shall take into account the views and reservations of the other competent authorities expressed during the four-month period. The consolidating supervisor shall notify its decision to the applicant and the other competent authorities.
7.   If, at the end of the four-month period, any of the competent authorities concerned has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the consolidating supervisor shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached.
Article 21
Approval of proposed agreement by shareholders
1.   Member States shall require that any proposed agreement that has been authorised by the competent authorities be submitted for approval to the shareholders of every group entity that proposes to enter into the agreement. In such a case, the agreement shall be valid only in respect of those parties whose shareholders have approved the agreement in accordance with paragraph 2.
2.   A group financial support agreement shall be valid in respect of a group entity only if its shareholders have authorised the management body of that group entity to make a decision that the group entity shall provide or receive financial support in accordance with the terms of the agreement and in accordance with the conditions laid down in this Chapter and that shareholder authorisation has not been revoked.
3.   The management body of each entity that is party to an agreement shall report each year to the shareholders on the performance of the agreement, and on the implementation of any decision taken pursuant to the agreement.
Article 22
Transmission of the group financial support agreements to resolution authorities
Competent authorities shall transmit to the relevant resolution authorities the group financial support agreements they authorised and any changes thereto.
Article 23
Conditions for group financial support
1.   Financial support by a group entity in accordance with Article 19 may only be provided if all the following conditions are met:
(a)
there is a reasonable prospect that the support provided significantly redresses the financial difficulties of the group entity receiving the support;
(b)
the provision of financial support has the objective of preserving or restoring the financial stability of the group as a whole or any of the entities of the group and is in the interests of the group entity providing the support;
(c)
the financial support is provided on terms, including consideration in accordance with Article 19(7);
(d)
there is a reasonable prospect, on the basis of the information available to the management body of the group entity providing financial support at the time when the decision to grant financial support is taken, that the consideration for the support will be paid and, if the support is given in the form of a loan, that the loan will be reimbursed, by the group entity receiving the support. If the support is given in the form of a guarantee or any form of security, the same condition shall apply to the liability arising for the recipient if the guarantee or the security is enforced;
(e)
the provision of the financial support would not jeopardise the liquidity or solvency of the group entity providing the support;
(f)
the provision of the financial support would not create a threat to financial stability, in particular in the Member State of the group entity providing support;
(g)
the group entity providing the support complies at the time the support is provided with the requirements of Directive 2013/36/EU relating to capital or liquidity and any requirements imposed pursuant to Article 104(2) of Directive 2013/36/EU and the provision of the financial support shall not cause the group entity to infringe those requirements, unless authorised by the competent authority responsible for the supervision on an individual basis of the entity providing the support;
(h)
the group entity providing the support complies, at the time when the support is provided, with the requirements relating to large exposures laid down in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and in Directive 2013/36/EU including any national legislation exercising the options provided therein, and the provision of the financial support shall not cause the group entity to infringe those requirements, unless authorised by the competent authority responsible for the supervision on an individual basis of the group entity providing the support;
(i)
the provision of the financial support would not undermine the resolvability of the group entity providing the support.
2.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions laid down in points (a), (c), (e) and (i) of paragraph 1.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
3.   EBA shall, by 3 January 2016, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to promote convergence in practices to specify the conditions laid down in points (b), (d), (f), (g) and (h) of paragraph 1 of this Article.
Article 24
Decision to provide financial support
The decision to provide group financial support in accordance with the agreement shall be taken by the management body of the group entity providing financial support. That decision shall be reasoned and shall indicate the objective of the proposed financial support. In particular, the decision shall indicate how the provision of the financial support complies with the conditions laid down in Article 23(1). The decision to accept group financial support in accordance with the agreement shall be taken by the management body of the group entity receiving financial support.
Article 25
Right of opposition of competent authorities
1.   Before providing support in accordance with a group financial support agreement, the management body of a group entity that intends to provide financial support shall notify:
(a)
its competent authority;
(b)
where different from authorities in points (a) and (c), where applicable, the consolidating supervisor;
(c)
where different from points (a) and (b), the competent authority of the group entity receiving the financial support; and
(d)
EBA.
The notification shall include the reasoned decision of the management body in accordance with Article 24 and details of the proposed financial support including a copy of the group financial support agreement.
2.   Within five business days from the date of receipt of a complete notification, the competent authority of the group entity providing financial support may agree with the provision of financial support, or may prohibit or restrict it if it assesses that the conditions for group financial support laid down in Article 23 have not been met. A decision of the competent authority to prohibit or restrict the financial support shall be reasoned.
3.   The decision of the competent authority to agree, prohibit or restrict the financial support shall be immediately notified to:
(a)
the consolidating supervisor;
(b)
the competent authority of the group entity receiving the support; and
(c)
EBA.
The consolidating supervisor shall immediately inform other members of the supervisory college and the members of the resolution college.
4.   Where the consolidating supervisor or the competent authority responsible for the group entity receiving support has objections regarding the decision to prohibit or restrict the financial support, they may within two days refer the matter to EBA and request its assistance in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
5.   If the competent authority does not prohibit or restrict the financial support within the period indicated in paragraph 2, or has agreed before the end of that period to that support, financial support may be provided in accordance with the terms submitted to the competent authority.
6.   The decision of the management body of the institution to provide financial support shall be transmitted to:
(a)
the competent authority;
(b)
where different from authorities in points (a) and (c), and where applicable, the consolidating supervisor;
(c)
where different from points (a) and (b), the competent authority of the group entity receiving the financial support; and
(d)
EBA.
The consolidating supervisor shall immediately inform the other members of the supervisory college and the members of the resolution college.
7.   If the competent authority restricts or prohibits group financing support pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article and where the group recovery plan in accordance with Article 7(5) makes reference to intra-group financial support, the competent authority of the group entity in relation to whom the support is restricted or prohibited may request the consolidating supervisor to initiate a reassessment of the group recovery plan pursuant to Article 8 or, where a recovery plan is drawn up on an individual basis, request the group entity to submit a revised recovery plan.
Article 26
Disclosure
1.   Member States shall ensure that group entities make public whether or not they have entered into a group financial support agreement pursuant to Article 19 and make public a description of the general terms of any such agreement and the names of the group entities that are party to it and update that information at least annually.
Articles 431 to 434 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall apply.
2.   EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify the form and content of the description referred to in paragraph 1.
EBA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the draft implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
TITLE III
EARLY INTERVENTION
Article 27
Early intervention measures
1.   Where an institution infringes or, due, inter alia, to a rapidly deteriorating financial condition, including deteriorating liquidity situation, increasing level of leverage, non-performing loans or concentration of exposures, as assessed on the basis of a set of triggers, which may include the institution’s own funds requirement plus 1,5 percentage points, is likely in the near future to infringe the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, Directive 2013/36/EU, Title II of Directive 2014/65/EU or any of Articles 3 to 7, 14 to 17, and 24, 25 and 26 of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014, Member States shall ensure that competent authorities have at their disposal, without prejudice to the measures referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU where applicable, at least the following measures:
(a)
require the management body of the institution to implement one or more of the arrangements or measures set out in the recovery plan or in accordance with Article 5(2) to update such a recovery plan when the circumstances that led to the early intervention are different from the assumptions set out in the initial recovery plan and implement one or more of the arrangements or measures set out in the updated plan within a specific timeframe and in order to ensure that the conditions referred to in the introductory phrase no longer apply;
(b)
require the management body of the institution to examine the situation, identify measures to overcome any problems identified and draw up an action programme to overcome those problems and a timetable for its implementation;
(c)
require the management body of the institution to convene, or if the management body fails to comply with that requirement convene directly, a meeting of shareholders of the institution, and in both cases set the agenda and require certain decisions to be considered for adoption by the shareholders;
(d)
require one or more members of the management body or senior management to be removed or replaced if those persons are found unfit to perform their duties pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2013/36/EU or Article 9 of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(e)
require the management body of the institution to draw up a plan for negotiation on restructuring of debt with some or all of its creditors according to the recovery plan, where applicable;
(f)
require changes to the institution’s business strategy;
(g)
require changes to the legal or operational structures of the institution; and
(h)
acquire, including through on-site inspections and provide to the resolution authority, all the information necessary in order to update the resolution plan and prepare for the possible resolution of the institution and for valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution in accordance with Article 36.
2.   Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities shall notify the resolution authorities without delay upon determining that the conditions laid down in paragraph 1 have been met in relation to an institution and that the powers of the resolution authorities include the power to require the institution to contact potential purchasers in order to prepare for the resolution of the institution, subject to the conditions laid down in Article 39(2) and the confidentiality provisions laid down in Article 84.
3.   For each of the measures referred to in paragraph 1, competent authorities shall set an appropriate deadline for completion, and to enable the competent authority to evaluate the effectiveness of the measure.
4.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to promote the consistent application of the trigger for use of the measures referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
5.   Taking into account, where appropriate, experience acquired in the application of the guidelines referred to in paragraph 4, EBA may develop draft regulatory technical standards in order to specify a minimum set of triggers for the use of the measures referred to in paragraph 1.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 28
Removal of senior management and management body
Where there is a significant deterioration in the financial situation of an institution or where there are serious infringements of law, of regulations or of the statutes of the institution, or serious administrative irregularities, and other measures taken in accordance with Article 27 are not sufficient to reverse that deterioration, Member States shall ensure that competent authorities may require the removal of the senior management or management body of the institution, in its entirety or with regard to individuals. The appointment of the new senior management or management body shall be done in accordance with national and Union law and be subject to the approval or consent of the competent authority.
Article 29
Temporary administrator
1.   Where replacement of the senior management or management body as referred to in Article 28 is deemed to be insufficient by the competent authority to remedy the situation, Member States shall ensure that competent authorities may appoint one or more temporary administrators to the institution. Competent authorities may, based on what is proportionate in the circumstances, appoint any temporary administrator either to replace the management body of the institution temporarily or to work temporarily with the management body of the institution and the competent authority shall specify its decision at the time of appointment. If the competent authority appoints a temporary administrator to work with the management body of the institution, the competent authority shall further specify at the time of such an appointment the role, duties and powers of the temporary administrator and any requirements for the management body of the institution to consult or to obtain the consent of the temporary administrator prior to taking specific decisions or actions. The competent authority shall be required to make public the appointment of any temporary administrator except where the temporary administrator does not have the power to represent the institution. Member States shall further ensure that any temporary administrator has the qualifications, ability and knowledge required to carry out his or her functions and is free of any conflict of interests.
2.   The competent authority shall specify the powers of the temporary administrator at the time of the appointment of the temporary administrator based on what is proportionate in the circumstances. Such powers may include some or all of the powers of the management body of the institution under the statutes of the institution and under national law, including the power to exercise some or all of the administrative functions of the management body of the institution. The powers of the temporary administrator in relation to the institution shall comply with the applicable company law.
3.   The role and functions of the temporary administrator shall be specified by competent authority at the time of appointment and may include ascertaining the financial position of the institution, managing the business or part of the business of the institution with a view to preserving or restoring the financial position of the institution and taking measures to restore the sound and prudent management of the business of the institution. The competent authority shall specify any limits on the role and functions of the temporary administrator at the time of appointment.
4.   Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities have the exclusive power to appoint and remove any temporary administrator. The competent authority may remove a temporary administrator at any time and for any reason. The competent authority may vary the terms of appointment of a temporary administrator at any time subject to this Article.
5.   The competent authority may require that certain acts of a temporary administrator be subject to the prior consent of the competent authority. The competent authority shall specify any such requirements at the time of appointment of a temporary administrator or at the time of any variation of the terms of appointment of a temporary administrator.
In any case, the temporary administrator may exercise the power to convene a general meeting of the shareholders of the institution and to set the agenda of such a meeting only with the prior consent of the competent authority.
6.   The competent authority may require that a temporary administrator draws up reports on the financial position of the institution and on the acts performed in the course of its appointment, at intervals set by the competent authority and at the end of his or her mandate.
7.   The appointment of a temporary administrator shall not last more than one year. That period may be exceptionally renewed if the conditions for appointing the temporary administrator continue to be met. The competent authority shall be responsible for determining whether conditions are appropriate to maintain a temporary administrator and justifying any such decision to shareholders.
8.   Subject to this Article the appointment of a temporary administrator shall not prejudice the rights of the shareholders in accordance with Union or national company law.
9.   Member States may limit the liability of any temporary administrator in accordance with national law for acts and omissions in the discharge of his or her duties as temporary administrator in accordance with paragraph 3.
10.   A temporary administrator appointed pursuant to this Article shall not be deemed to be a shadow director or a de facto director under national law.
Article 30
Coordination of early intervention measures and appointment of temporary administrator in relation to groups
1.   Where the conditions for the imposition of requirements under Article 27 or the appointment of a temporary administrator in accordance with Article 29 are met in relation to a Union parent undertaking, the consolidating supervisor shall notify EBA and consult the other competent authorities within the supervisory college.
2.   Following that notification and consultation the consolidating supervisor shall decide whether to apply any of the measures in Article 27 or appoint a temporary administrator under Article 29 in respect of the relevant Union parent undertaking, taking into account the impact of those measures on the group entities in other Member States. The consolidating supervisor shall notify the decision to the other competent authorities within the supervisory college and EBA.
3.   Where the conditions for the imposition of requirements under Article 27 or the appointment of a temporary administrator under Article 29 are met in relation to a subsidiary of an Union parent undertaking, the competent authority responsible for the supervision on an individual basis that intends to take a measure in accordance with those Articles shall notify EBA and consult the consolidating supervisor.
On receiving the notification the consolidating supervisor may assess the likely impact of the imposition of requirements under Article 27 or the appointment of a temporary administrator in accordance with Article 29 to the institution in question, on the group or on group entities in other Member States. It shall communicate that assessment to the competent authority within three days.
Following that notification and consultation the competent authority shall decide whether to apply any of the measures in Article 27 or appoint a temporary administrator under Article 29. The decision shall give due consideration to any assessment of the consolidating supervisor. The competent authority shall notify the decision to the consolidating supervisor and other competent authorities within the supervisory college and EBA.
4.   Where more than one competent authority intends to appoint a temporary administrator or apply any of the measures in Article 27 to more than one institution in the same group, the consolidating supervisor and the other relevant competent authorities shall consider whether it is more appropriate to appoint the same temporary administrator for all the entities concerned or to coordinate the application of any measures in Article 27 to more than one institution in order to facilitate solutions restoring the financial position of the institution concerned. The assessment shall take the form of a joint decision of the consolidating supervisor and the other relevant competent authorities. The joint decision shall be reached within five days from the date of the notification referred to in paragraph 1. The joint decision shall be reasoned and set out in a document, which shall be provided by the consolidating supervisor to the Union parent undertaking.
EBA may at the request of a competent authority assist the competent authorities in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
In the absence of a joint decision within five days the consolidating supervisor and the competent authorities of subsidiaries may take individual decisions on the appointment of a temporary administrator to the institutions for which they have responsibility and on the application of any of the measures in Article 27.
5.   Where a competent authority concerned does not agree with the decision notified in accordance with paragraph 1 or 3, or in the absence of a joint decision under paragraph 4, the competent authority may refer the matter to EBA in accordance with paragraph 6.
6.   EBA may at the request of any competent authority assist the competent authorities that intend to apply one or more of the measures in point (a) of Article 27(1) of this Directive with respect to the points (4), (10), (11) and (19) of Section A of the Annex to this Directive, in point (e) of Article 27(1) of this Directive or in point (g) of Article 27(1) of this Directive in reaching an agreement in accordance with Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
7.   The decision of each competent authority shall be reasoned. The decision shall take into account the views and reservations of the other competent authorities expressed during the consultation period referred to in paragraph 1 or 3 or the five-day period referred to in paragraph 4 as well as the potential impact of the decision on financial stability in the Member States concerned. The decisions shall be provided by the consolidating supervisor to the Union parent undertaking and to the subsidiaries by the respective competent authorities.
In the cases referred to in paragraph 6 of this Article, where, before the end of the consultation period referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article or at the end of the five-day period referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article, any of the competent authorities concerned has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the consolidating supervisor and the other competent authorities shall defer their decisions and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take their decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The five-day period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within three days. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the five-day period or after a joint decision has been reached.
8.   In the absence of a decision by EBA within three days, individual decisions taken in accordance with paragraph 1 or 3, or the third subparagraph of paragraph 4, shall apply.
TITLE IV
RESOLUTION
CHAPTER I
Objectives, conditions and general principles
Article 31
Resolution objectives
1.   When applying the resolution tools and exercising the resolution powers, resolution authorities shall have regard to the resolution objectives, and choose the tools and powers that best achieve the objectives that are relevant in the circumstances of the case.
2.   The resolution objectives referred to in paragraph 1 are:
(a)
to ensure the continuity of critical functions;
(b)
to avoid a significant adverse effect on the financial system, in particular by preventing contagion, including to market infrastructures, and by maintaining market discipline;
(c)
to protect public funds by minimising reliance on extraordinary public financial support;
(d)
to protect depositors covered by Directive 2014/49/EU and investors covered by Directive 97/9/EC;
(e)
to protect client funds and client assets.
When pursuing the above objectives, the resolution authority shall seek to minimise the cost of resolution and avoid destruction of value unless necessary to achieve the resolution objectives.
3.   Subject to different provisions of this Directive, the resolution objectives are of equal significance, and resolution authorities shall balance them as appropriate to the nature and circumstances of each case.
Article 32
Conditions for resolution
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities shall take a resolution action in relation to an institution referred to in point (a) of Article 1(1) only if the resolution authority considers that all of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the determination that the institution is failing or is likely to fail has been made by the competent authority, after consulting the resolution authority or,; subject to the conditions laid down in paragraph 2, by the resolution authority after consulting the competent authority;
(b)
having regard to timing and other relevant circumstances, there is no reasonable prospect that any alternative private sector measures, including measures by an IPS, or supervisory action, including early intervention measures or the write down or conversion of relevant capital instruments in accordance with Article 59(2) taken in respect of the institution, would prevent the failure of the institution within a reasonable timeframe;
(c)
a resolution action is necessary in the public interest pursuant to paragraph 5.
2.   Member States may provide that, in addition to the competent authority, the determination that the institution is failing or likely to fail under point (a) of paragraph 1 can be made by the resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority, where resolution authorities under national law have the necessary tools for making such a determination including, in particular, adequate access to the relevant information. The competent authority shall provide the resolution authority with any relevant information that the latter requests in order to perform its assessment without delay.
3.   The previous adoption of an early intervention measure according to Article 27 is not a condition for taking a resolution action.
4.   For the purposes of point (a) of paragraph 1, an institution shall be deemed to be failing or likely to fail in one or more of the following circumstances:
(a)
the institution infringes or there are objective elements to support a determination that the institution will, in the near future, infringe the requirements for continuing authorisation in a way that would justify the withdrawal of the authorisation by the competent authority including but not limited to because the institution has incurred or is likely to incur losses that will deplete all or a significant amount of its own funds;
(b)
the assets of the institution are or there are objective elements to support a determination that the assets of the institution will, in the near future, be less than its liabilities;
(c)
the institution is or there are objective elements to support a determination that the institution will, in the near future, be unable to pay its debts or other liabilities as they fall due;
(d)
extraordinary public financial support is required except when, in order to remedy a serious disturbance in the economy of a Member State and preserve financial stability, the extraordinary public financial support takes any of the following forms:
(i)
a State guarantee to back liquidity facilities provided by central banks according to the central banks’ conditions;
(ii)
a State guarantee of newly issued liabilities; or
(iii)
an injection of own funds or purchase of capital instruments at prices and on terms that do not confer an advantage upon the institution, where neither the circumstances referred to in point (a), (b) or (c) of this paragraph nor the circumstances referred to in Article 59(3) are present at the time the public support is granted.
In each of the cases mentioned in points (d)(i), (ii) and (iii) of the first subparagraph, the guarantee or equivalent measures referred to therein shall be confined to solvent institutions and shall be conditional on final approval under the Union State aid framework. Those measures shall be of a precautionary and temporary nature and shall be proportionate to remedy the consequences of the serious disturbance and shall not be used to offset losses that the institution has incurred or is likely to incur in the near future.
Support measures under point (d)(iii) of the first subparagraph shall be limited to injections necessary to address capital shortfall established in the national, Union or SSM-wide stress tests, asset quality reviews or equivalent exercises conducted by the European Central Bank, EBA or national authorities, where applicable, confirmed by the competent authority.
EBA shall, by 3 January 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 on the type of tests, reviews or exercises referred to above which may lead to such support.
By 31 December 2015, the Commission shall review whether there is a continuing need for allowing the support measures under point (d)(iii) of the first subparagraph and the conditions that need to be met in the case of continuation and report thereon to the European Parliament and to the Council. If appropriate, that report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal.
5.   For the purposes of point (c) of paragraph 1 of this Article, a resolution action shall be treated as in the public interest if it is necessary for the achievement of and is proportionate to one or more of the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31 and winding up of the institution under normal insolvency proceedings would not meet those resolution objectives to the same extent.
6.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to promote the convergence of supervisory and resolution practices regarding the interpretation of the different circumstances when an institution shall be considered to be failing or likely to fail.
Article 33
Conditions for resolution with regard to financial institutions and holding companies
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may take a resolution action in relation to a financial institution referred to in point (b) of Article 1(1), when the conditions laid down in Article 32(1), are met with regard to both the financial institution and with regard to the parent undertaking subject to consolidated supervision.
2.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may take a resolution action in relation to an entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), when the conditions laid down in Article 32(1) are met with regard to both the entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) and with regard to one or more subsidiaries which are institutions or, where the subsidiary is not established in the Union, the third-country authority has determined that it meets the conditions for resolution under the law of that third country.
3.   Where the subsidiary institutions of a mixed-activity holding company are held directly or indirectly by an intermediate financial holding company, Member States shall ensure that resolution actions for the purposes of group resolution are taken in relation to the intermediate financial holding company, and shall not take resolution actions for the purposes of group resolution in relation to the mixed-activity holding company.
4.   Subject to paragraph 3 of this Article, notwithstanding the fact that an entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) does not meet the conditions established in Article 32(1), resolution authorities may take resolution action with regard to an entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) when one or more of the subsidiaries which are institutions comply with the conditions established in Article 32(1), (4) and (5) and their assets and liabilities are such that their failure threatens an institution or the group as a whole or the insolvency law of the Member State requires that groups be treated as a whole and resolution action with regard to the entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is necessary for the resolution of such subsidiaries which are institutions or for the resolution of the group as a whole.
For the purposes of paragraph 2 and of the first subparagraph of this paragraph, when assessing whether the conditions in Article 32(1) are met in respect of one or more subsidiaries which are institutions, the resolution authority of the institution and the resolution authority of the entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) may by way of joint agreement disregard any intra-group capital or loss transfers between the entities, including the exercise of write down or conversion powers.
Article 34
General principles governing resolution
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when applying the resolution tools and exercising the resolution powers, resolution authorities take all appropriate measures to ensure that the resolution action is taken in accordance with the following principles:
(a)
the shareholders of the institution under resolution bear first losses;
(b)
creditors of the institution under resolution bear losses after the shareholders in accordance with the order of priority of their claims under normal insolvency proceedings, save as expressly provided otherwise in this Directive;
(c)
management body and senior management of the institution under resolution are replaced, except in those cases when the retention of the management body and senior management, in whole or in part, as appropriate to the circumstances, is considered to be necessary for the achievement of the resolution objectives;
(d)
management body and senior management of the institution under resolution shall provide all necessary assistance for the achievement of the resolution objectives;
(e)
natural and legal persons are made liable, subject to Member State law, under civil or criminal law for their responsibility for the failure of the institution;
(f)
except where otherwise provided in this Directive, creditors of the same class are treated in an equitable manner;
(g)
no creditor shall incur greater losses than would have been incurred if the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings in accordance with the safeguards in Articles 73 to 75;
(h)
covered deposits are fully protected; and
(i)
resolution action is taken in accordance with the safeguards in this Directive.
2.   Where an institution is a group entity resolution authorities shall, without prejudice to Article 31, apply resolution tools and exercise resolution powers in a way that minimises the impact on other group entities and on the group as a whole and minimises the adverse effects on financial stability in the Union and its Member States, in particular, in the countries where the group operates.
3.   When applying the resolution tools and exercising the resolution powers, Member States shall ensure that they comply with the Union State aid framework, where applicable.
4.   Where the sale of business tool, the bridge institution tool or the asset separation tool is applied to an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), that institution or entity shall be considered to be the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or analogous insolvency proceedings for the purposes of Article 5(1) of Council Directive 2001/23/EC 
(
30
)
.
5.   When applying the resolution tools and exercising the resolution powers, resolution authorities shall inform and consult employee representatives where appropriate.
6.   Resolution authorities shall apply resolution tools and exercise resolution powers without prejudice to provisions on the representation of employees in management bodies as provided for in national law or practice.
CHAPTER II
Special management
Article 35
Special management
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may appoint a special manager to replace the management body of the institution under resolution. Resolution authorities shall make public the appointment of a special manager. Member States shall further ensure that the special manager has the qualifications, ability and knowledge required to carry out his or her functions.
2.   The special manager shall have all the powers of the shareholders and the management body of the institution. However, the special manager may only exercise such powers under the control of the resolution authority.
3.   The special manager shall have the statutory duty to take all the measures necessary to promote the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31 and implement resolution actions according to the decision of the resolution authority. Where necessary, that duty shall override any other duty of management in accordance with the statutes of the institution or national law, insofar as they are inconsistent. Those measures may include an increase of capital, reorganisation of the ownership structure of the institution or takeovers by institutions that are financially and organisationally sound in accordance with the resolution tools referred to in Chapter IV.
4.   Resolution authorities may set limits to the action of a special manager or require that certain acts of the special manager be subject to the resolution authority’s prior consent. The resolution authorities may remove the special manager at any time.
5.   Member States shall require that a special manager draw up reports for the appointing resolution authority on the economic and financial situation of the institution and on the acts performed in the conduct of his or her duties, at regular intervals set by the resolution authority and at the beginning and the end of his or her mandate.
6.   A special manager shall not be appointed for more than one year. That period may be renewed, on an exceptional basis, if the resolution authority determines that the conditions for appointment of a special manager continue to be met.
7.   Where more than one resolution authority intends to appoint a special manager in relation to an entity affiliated to a group, they shall consider whether it is more appropriate to appoint the same special manager for all the entities concerned in order to facilitate solutions redressing the financial soundness of the entities concerned.
8.   In the event of insolvency, where national law provides for the appointment of insolvency management, such management may constitute special management as referred to in this Article.
CHAPTER III
Valuation
Article 36
Valuation for the purposes of resolution
1.   Before taking resolution action or exercising the power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments resolution authorities shall ensure that a fair, prudent and realistic valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is carried out by a person independent from any public authority, including the resolution authority, and the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1). Subject to paragraph 13 of this Article and to Article 85, where all the requirements laid down in this Article are met, the valuation shall be considered to be definitive.
2.   Where an independent valuation according to paragraph 1 is not possible, resolution authorities may carry out a provisional valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), in accordance with paragraph 9 of this Article.
3.   The objective of the valuation shall be to assess the value of the assets and liabilities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that meets the conditions for resolution of Articles 32 and 33.
4.   The purposes of the valuation shall be:
(a)
to inform the determination of whether the conditions for resolution or the conditions for the write down or conversion of capital instruments are met;
(b)
if the conditions for resolution are met, to inform the decision on the appropriate resolution action to be taken in respect of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(c)
when the power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments is applied, to inform the decision on the extent of the cancellation or dilution of shares or other instruments of ownership, and the extent of the write down or conversion of relevant capital instruments;
(d)
when the bail-in tool is applied, to inform the decision on the extent of the write down or conversion of eligible liabilities;
(e)
when the bridge institution tool or asset separation tool is applied, to inform the decision on the assets, rights, liabilities or shares or other instruments of ownership to be transferred and the decision on the value of any consideration to be paid to the institution under resolution or, as the case may be, to the owners of the shares or other instruments of ownership;
(f)
when the sale of business tool is applied, to inform the decision on the assets, rights, liabilities or shares or other instruments of ownership to be transferred and to inform the resolution authority’s understanding of what constitutes commercial terms for the purposes of Article 38;
(g)
in all cases, to ensure that any losses on the assets of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) are fully recognised at the moment the resolution tools are applied or the power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments is exercised.
5.   Without prejudice to the Union State aid framework, where applicable, the valuation shall be based on prudent assumptions, including as to rates of default and severity of losses. The valuation shall not assume any potential future provision of extraordinary public financial support or central bank emergency liquidity assistance or any central bank liquidity assistance provided under non-standard collateralisation, tenor and interest rate terms to the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) from the point at which resolution action is taken or the power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments is exercised. Furthermore, the valuation shall take account of the fact that, if any resolution tool is applied:
(a)
the resolution authority and any financing arrangement acting pursuant to Article 101 may recover any reasonable expenses properly incurred from the institution under resolution, in accordance with Article 37(7);
(b)
the resolution financing arrangement may charge interest or fees in respect of any loans or guarantees provided to the institution under resolution, in accordance with Article 101.
6.   The valuation shall be supplemented by the following information as appearing in the accounting books and records of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1):
(a)
an updated balance sheet and a report on the financial position of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
an analysis and an estimate of the accounting value of the assets;
(c)
the list of outstanding on balance sheet and off balance sheet liabilities shown in the books and records of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), with an indication of the respective credits and priority levels under the applicable insolvency law.
7.   Where appropriate, to inform the decisions referred to in points (e) and (f) of paragraph 4, the information in point (b) of paragraph 6 may be complemented by an analysis and estimate of the value of the assets and liabilities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) on a market value basis.
8.   The valuation shall indicate the subdivision of the creditors in classes in accordance with their priority levels under the applicable insolvency law and an estimate of the treatment that each class of shareholders and creditors would have been expected to receive, if the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) were wound up under normal insolvency proceedings.
That estimate shall not affect the application of the ‘no creditor worse off’ principle to be carried out under Article 74.
9.   Where due to the urgency in the circumstances of the case it is not possible to comply with the requirements in paragraphs 6 and 8 or paragraph 2 applies, a provisional valuation shall be carried out. The provisional valuation shall comply with the requirements in paragraph 3 and in so far as reasonably practicable in the circumstances with the requirements of paragraphs 1, 6 and 8.
The provisional valuation referred to in this paragraph shall include a buffer for additional losses, with appropriate justification.
10.   A valuation that does not comply with all the requirements laid down in this Article shall be considered to be provisional until an independent person has carried out a valuation that is fully compliant with all the requirements laid down in this Article. That 
ex-post
 definitive valuation shall be carried out as soon as practicable. It may be carried out either separately from the valuation referred to in Article 74, or simultaneously with and by the same independent person as that valuation, but shall be distinct from it.
The purposes of the 
ex-post
 definitive valuation shall be:
(a)
to ensure that any losses on the assets of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) are fully recognised in the books of accounts of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
to inform a decision to write back creditors’ claims or to increase the value of the consideration paid, in accordance with paragraph 11.
11.   In the event that the 
ex-post
 definitive valuation’s estimate of the net asset value of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is higher than the provisional valuation’s estimate of the net asset value of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), the resolution authority may:
(a)
exercise its power to increase the value of the claims of creditors or owners of relevant capital instruments which have been written down under the bail-in tool;
(b)
instruct a bridge institution or asset management vehicle to make a further payment of consideration in respect of the assets, rights, liabilities to the institution under resolution, or as the case may be, in respect of the shares or instruments of ownership to the owners of the shares or other instruments of ownership.
12.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a provisional valuation conducted in accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10 shall be a valid basis for resolution authorities take resolution actions, including taking control of a failing institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), or to exercise the write down or conversion power of capital instruments.
13.   The valuation shall be an integral part of the decision to apply a resolution tool or exercise a resolution power, or the decision to exercise the write down or conversion power of capital instruments. The valuation itself shall not be subject to a separate right of appeal but may be subject to an appeal together with the decision in accordance with Article 85.
14.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the circumstances in which a person is independent from both the resolution authority and the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) for the purposes of paragraph 1of this Article, and for the purposes of Article 74.
15.   EBA may develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the following criteria for the purposes of paragraphs 1, 3 and 9 of this Article, and for the purposes of Article 74:
(a)
the methodology for assessing the value of the assets and liabilities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
the separation of the valuations under Articles 36 and 74;
(c)
the methodology for calculating and including a buffer for additional losses in the provisional valuation.
16.   EBA shall submit the draft regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraph 14 to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraphs 14 and 15 in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
CHAPTER IV
Resolution tools
Section 1
General principles
Article 37
General principles of resolution tools
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the necessary powers to apply the resolution tools to institutions and to entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that meet the applicable conditions for resolution.
2.   Where a resolution authority decides to apply a resolution tool to an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), and that resolution action would result in losses being borne by creditors or their claims being converted, the resolution authority shall exercise the power to write down and convert capital instruments in accordance with Article 59 immediately before or together with the application of the resolution tool.
3.   The resolution tools referred to in paragraph 1 are the following:
(a)
the sale of business tool;
(b)
the bridge institution tool;
(c)
the asset separation tool;
(d)
the bail-in tool.
4.   Subject to paragraph 5, resolution authorities may apply the resolution tools individually or in any combination.
5.   Resolution authorities may apply the asset separation tool only together with another resolution tool.
6.   Where only the resolution tools referred to in point (a) or (b) of paragraph 3 of this Article are used, and they are used to transfer only part of the assets, rights or liabilities of the institution under resolution, the residual institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) from which the assets, rights or liabilities have been transferred, shall be wound up under normal insolvency proceedings. Such winding up shall be done within a reasonable timeframe, having regard to any need for that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to provide services or support pursuant to Article 65 in order to enable the recipient to carry out the activities or services acquired by virtue of that transfer, and any other reason that the continuation of the residual institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is necessary to achieve the resolution objectives or comply with the principles referred to in Article 34.
7.   The resolution authority and any financing arrangement acting pursuant to Article 101 may recover any reasonable expenses properly incurred in connection with the use of the resolution tools or powers or government financial stabilisation tools in one or more of the following ways:
(a)
as a deduction from any consideration paid by a recipient to the institution under resolution or, as the case may be, to the owners of the shares or other instruments of ownership;
(b)
from the institution under resolution, as a preferred creditor; or
(c)
from any proceeds generated as a result of the termination of the operation of the bridge institution or the asset management vehicle, as a preferred creditor.
8.   Member States shall ensure that rules under national insolvency law relating to the voidability or unenforceability of legal acts detrimental to creditors do not apply to transfers of assets, rights or liabilities from an institution under resolution to another entity by virtue of the application of a resolution tool or exercise of a resolution power, or use of a government financial stabilisation tool.
9.   Member States may confer upon resolution authorities additional tools and powers exercisable where an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) meets the conditions for resolution, provided that:
(a)
when applied to a cross-border group, those additional powers do not pose obstacles to effective group resolution; and
(b)
they are consistent with the resolution objectives and the general principles governing resolution referred to in Articles 31 and 34.
10.   In the very extraordinary situation of a systemic crisis, the resolution authority may seek funding from alternative financing sources through the use of government stabilisation tools provided for in Articles 56 to 58 when the following conditions are met:
(a)
a contribution to loss absorption and recapitalisation equal to an amount not less than 8 % of total liabilities including own funds of the institution under resolution, measured at the time of resolution action in accordance with the valuation provided for in Article 36, has been made by the shareholders and the holders of other instruments of ownership, the holders of relevant capital instruments and other eligible liabilities through write down, conversion or otherwise;
(b)
it shall be conditional on prior and final approval under the Union State aid framework.
Section 2
The sale of business tool
Article 38
The sale of business tool
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to transfer to a purchaser that is not a bridge institution:
(a)
shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution;
(b)
all or any assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution;
Subject to paragraphs 8 and 9 of this Article and to Article 85, the transfer referred to in the first subparagraph shall take place without obtaining the consent of the shareholders of the institution under resolution or any third party other than the purchaser, and without complying with any procedural requirements under company or securities law other than those included in Article 39.
2.   A transfer made pursuant to paragraph 1 shall be made on commercial terms, having regard to the circumstances, and in accordance with the Union State aid framework.
3.   In accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article, resolution authorities shall take all reasonable steps to obtain commercial terms for the transfer that conform with the valuation conducted under Article 36, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
4.   Subject to Article 37(7), any consideration paid by the purchaser shall benefit:
(a)
the owners of the shares or other instruments of ownership, where the sale of business has been effected by transferring shares or instruments of ownership issued by the institution under resolution from the holders of those shares or instruments to the purchaser;
(b)
the institution under resolution, where the sale of business has been effected by transferring some or all of the assets or liabilities of the institution under resolution to the purchaser.
5.   When applying the sale of business tool the resolution authority may exercise the transfer power more than once in order to make supplemental transfers of shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution or, as the case may be, assets, rights or liabilities of the institution under resolution.
6.   Following an application of the sale of business tool, resolution authorities may, with the consent of the purchaser, exercise the transfer powers in respect of assets, rights or liabilities transferred to the purchaser in order to transfer the assets, rights or liabilities back to the institution under resolution, or the shares or other instruments of ownership back to their original owners, and the institution under resolution or original owners shall be obliged to take back any such assets, rights or liabilities, or shares or other instruments of ownership.
7.   A purchaser shall have the appropriate authorisation to carry out the business it acquires when the transfer is made pursuant to paragraph 1. Competent authorities shall ensure that an application for authorisation shall be considered, in conjunction with the transfer, in a timely manner.
8.   By way of derogation from Articles 22 to 25 of Directive 2013/36/EU, from the requirement to inform the competent authorities in Article 26 of Directive 2013/36/EU, from Article 10(3), Article 11(1) and (2) and Articles 12 and 13 of Directive 2014/65/EU and from the requirement to give a notice in Article 11(3) of that Directive, where a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership by virtue of an application of the sale of business tool would result in the acquisition of or increase in a qualifying holding in an institution of a kind referred to in Article 22(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU or Article 11(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, the competent authority of that institution shall carry out the assessment required under those Articles in a timely manner that does not delay the application of the sale of business tool and prevent the resolution action from achieving the relevant resolution objectives.
9.   Member States shall ensure that if the competent authority of that institution has not completed the assessment referred to in paragraph 8 from the date of transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership in the application of the sale of business tool by the resolution authority, the following provisions shall apply:
(a)
such a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership to the acquirer shall have immediate legal effect;
(b)
during the assessment period and during any divestment period provided by point (f), the acquirer’s voting rights attached to such shares or other instruments of ownership shall be suspended and vested solely in the resolution authority, which shall have no obligation to exercise any such voting rights and which shall have no liability whatsoever for exercising or refraining from exercising any such voting rights;
(c)
during the assessment period and during any divestment period provided by point (f), the penalties and other measures for infringing the requirements for acquisitions or disposals of qualifying holdings contemplated by Articles 66, 67 and 68 of Directive 2013/36/EU shall not apply to such a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership;
(d)
promptly upon completion of the assessment by the competent authority, the competent authority shall notify the resolution authority and the acquirer in writing of whether the competent authority approves or, in accordance with Article 22(5) of Directive 2013/36/EU, opposes such a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership to the acquirer;
(e)
if the competent authority approves such a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership to the acquirer, then the voting rights attached to such shares or other instruments of ownership shall be deemed to be fully vested in the acquirer immediately upon receipt by the resolution authority and the acquirer of such an approval notice from the competent authority;
(f)
if the competent authority opposes such a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership to the acquirer, then:
(i)
the voting rights attached to such shares or other instruments of ownership as provided by point (b) shall remain in full force and effect;
(ii)
the resolution authority may require the acquirer to divest such shares or other instruments of ownership within a divestment period determined by the resolution authority having taken into account prevailing market conditions; and
(iii)
if the acquirer does not complete such a divestment within the divestment period established by the resolution authority, then the competent authority, with the consent of the resolution authority, may impose on the acquirer penalties and other measures for infringing the requirements for acquisitions or disposals of qualifying holdings contemplated by Articles 66, 67, and 68 of Directive 2013/36/EU.
10.   Transfers made by virtue of the sale of business tool shall be subject to the safeguards referred to in Chapter VII of Title IV.
11.   For the purposes of exercising the rights to provide services or to establish itself in another Member State in accordance with Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU, the purchaser shall be considered to be a continuation of the institution under resolution, and may continue to exercise any such right that was exercised by the institution under resolution in respect of the assets, rights or liabilities transferred.
12.   Member States shall ensure that the purchaser referred to in paragraph 1 may continue to exercise the rights of membership and access to payment, clearing and settlement systems, stock exchanges, investor compensation schemes and deposit guarantee schemes of the institution under resolution, provided that it meets the membership and participation criteria for participation in such systems.
Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, Member States shall ensure that:
(a)
access is not denied on the ground that the purchaser does not possess a rating from a credit rating agency, or that rating is not commensurate to the rating levels required to be granted access to the systems referred to in the first subparagraph;
(b)
where the purchaser does not meet the membership or participation criteria for a relevant payment, clearing or settlement system, stock exchange, investor compensation scheme or deposit guarantee scheme, the rights referred to in the first subparagraph are exercised for such a period of time as may be specified by the resolution authority, not exceeding 24 months, renewable on application by the purchaser to the resolution authority.
13.   Without prejudice to Chapter VII of Title IV, shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution and other third parties whose assets, rights or liabilities are not transferred shall not have any rights over or in relation to the assets, rights or liabilities transferred.
Article 39
Sale of business tool: procedural requirements
1.   Subject to paragraph 3 of this Article, when applying the sale of business tool to an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), a resolution authority shall market, or make arrangements for the marketing of the assets, rights, liabilities, shares or other instruments of ownership of that institution that the authority intends to transfer. Pools of rights, assets, and liabilities may be marketed separately.
2.   Without prejudice to the Union State aid framework, where applicable, the marketing referred to in paragraph 1 shall be carried out in accordance with the following criteria:
(a)
it shall be as transparent as possible and shall not materially misrepresent the assets, rights, liabilities, shares or other instruments of ownership of that institution that the authority intends to transfer, having regard to the circumstances and in particular the need to maintain financial stability;
(b)
it shall not unduly favour or discriminate between potential purchasers;
(c)
it shall be free from any conflict of interest;
(d)
it shall not confer any unfair advantage on a potential purchaser;
(e)
it shall take account of the need to effect a rapid resolution action;
(f)
it shall aim at maximising, as far as possible, the sale price for the shares or other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities involved.
Subject to point (b) of the first subparagraph, the principles referred to in this paragraph shall not prevent the resolution authority from soliciting particular potential purchasers.
Any public disclosure of the marketing of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive that would otherwise be required in accordance with Article 17(1) of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 may be delayed in accordance with Article 17(4) or (5) of that Regulation.
3.   The resolution authority may apply the sale of business tool without complying with the requirement to market as laid down in paragraph 1 when it determines that compliance with those requirements would be likely to undermine one or more of the resolution objectives and in particular if the following conditions are met:
(a)
it considers that there is a material threat to financial stability arising from or aggravated by the failure or likely failure of the institution under resolution; and
(b)
it considers that compliance with those requirements would be likely to undermine the effectiveness of the sale of business tool in addressing that threat or achieving the resolution objective referred to in point (b) of Article 31(2).
4.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 specifying the factual circumstances amounting to a material threat and the elements relating to the effectiveness of the sale of business tool provided for in points (a) and (b) of paragraph 3.
Section 3
The bridge institution tool
Article 40
Bridge institution tool
1.   In order to give effect to the bridge institution tool and having regard to the need to maintain critical functions in the bridge institution, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to transfer to a bridge institution:
(a)
shares or other instruments of ownership issued by one or more institutions under resolution;
(b)
all or any assets, rights or liabilities of one or more institutions under resolution.
Subject to Article 85, the transfer referred to in the first subparagraph may take place without obtaining the consent of the shareholders of the institutions under resolution or any third party other than the bridge institution, and without complying with any procedural requirements under company or securities law.
2.   The bridge institution shall be a legal person that meets all of the following requirements:
(a)
it is wholly or partially owned by one or more public authorities which may include the resolution authority or the resolution financing arrangement and is controlled by the resolution authority;
(b)
it is created for the purpose of receiving and holding some or all of the shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution or some or all of the assets, rights and liabilities of one or more institutions under resolution with a view to maintaining access to critical functions and selling the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1).
The application of the bail-in tool for the purpose referred to in point (b) of Article 43(2) shall not interfere with the ability of the resolution authority to control the bridge institution.
3.   When applying the bridge institution tool, the resolution authority shall ensure that the total value of liabilities transferred to the bridge institution does not exceed the total value of the rights and assets transferred from the institution under resolution or provided by other sources.
4.   Subject to Article 37(7), any consideration paid by the bridge institution shall benefit:
(a)
the owners of the shares or instruments of ownership, where the transfer to the bridge institution has been effected by transferring shares or instruments of ownership issued by the institution under resolution from the holders of those shares or instruments to the bridge institution;
(b)
the institution under resolution, where the transfer to the bridge institution has been effected by transferring some or all of the assets or liabilities of the institution under resolution to the bridge institution.
5.   When applying the bridge institution tool, the resolution authority may exercise the transfer power more than once in order to make supplemental transfers of shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution or, as the case may be, assets, rights or liabilities of the institution under resolution.
6.   Following an application of the bridge institution tool, the resolution authority may:
(a)
transfer rights, assets or liabilities back from the bridge institution to the institution under resolution, or the shares or other instruments of ownership back to their original owners, and the institution under resolution or original owners shall be obliged to take back any such assets, rights or liabilities, or shares or other instruments of ownership, provided that the conditions laid down in paragraph 7 are met;
(b)
transfer, shares or other instruments of ownership, or assets, rights or liabilities from the bridge institution to a third party.
7.   Resolution authorities may transfer shares or other instruments of ownership, or assets, rights or liabilities back from the bridge institution in one of the following circumstances:
(a)
the possibility that the specific shares or other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities might be transferred back is stated expressly in the instrument by which the transfer was made;
(b)
the specific shares or other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities do not in fact fall within the classes of, or meet the conditions for transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities specified in the instrument by which the transfer was made.
Such a transfer back may be made within any period, and shall comply with any other conditions, stated in that instrument for the relevant purpose.
8.   Transfers between the institution under resolution, or the original owners of shares or other instruments of ownership, on the one hand, and the bridge institution on the other, shall be subject to the safeguards referred to in Chapter VII of Title IV.
9.   For the purposes of exercising the rights to provide services or to establish itself in another Member State in accordance with Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU, a bridge institution shall be considered to be a continuation of the institution under resolution, and may continue to exercise any such right that was exercised by the institution under resolution in respect of the assets, rights or liabilities transferred.
For other purposes, resolution authorities may require that a bridge institution be considered to be a continuation of the institution under resolution, and be able to continue to exercise any right that was exercised by the institution under resolution in respect of the assets, rights or liabilities transferred.
10.   Member States shall ensure that the bridge institution may continue to exercise the rights of membership and access to payment, clearing and settlement systems, stock exchanges, investor compensation schemes and deposit guarantee schemes of the institution under resolution, provided that it meets the membership and participation criteria for participation in such systems.
Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, Member States shall ensure that:
(a)
access is not denied on the ground that the bridge institution does not possess a rating from a credit rating agency, or that rating is not commensurate to the rating levels required to be granted access to the systems referred to in the first subparagraph;
(b)
where the bridge institution does not meet the membership or participation criteria for a relevant payment, clearing or settlement system, stock exchange, investor compensation scheme or deposit guarantee scheme, the rights referred to in the first subparagraph are exercised for such a period of time as may be specified by the resolution authority, not exceeding 24 months, renewable on application by the bridge institution to the resolution authority.
11.   Without prejudice to Chapter VII of Title IV, shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution and other third parties whose assets, rights or liabilities are not transferred to the bridge institution shall not have any rights over or in relation to the assets, rights or liabilities transferred to the bridge institution, its management body or senior management.
12.   The objectives of the bridge institution shall not imply any duty or responsibility to shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution, and the management body or senior management shall have no liability to such shareholders or creditors for acts and omissions in the discharge of their duties unless the act or omission implies gross negligence or serious misconduct in accordance with national law which directly affects rights of such shareholders or creditors.
Member States may further limit the liability of a bridge institution and its management body or senior management in accordance with national law for acts and omissions in the discharge of their duties.
Article 41
Operation of a bridge institution
1.   Member States shall ensure that the operation of a bridge institution respects the following requirements:
(a)
the contents of the bridge institution’s constitutional documents are approved by the resolution authority;
(b)
subject to the bridge institution’s ownership structure, the resolution authority either appoints or approves the bridge institution’s management body;
(c)
the resolution authority approves the remuneration of the members of the management body and determines their appropriate responsibilities;
(d)
the resolution authority approves the strategy and risk profile of the bridge institution;
(e)
the bridge institution is authorised in accordance with Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU, as applicable, and has the necessary authorisation under the applicable national law to carry out the activities or services that it acquires by virtue of a transfer made pursuant to Article 63 of this Directive;
(f)
the bridge institution complies with the requirements of, and is subject to supervision in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and with Directives 2013/36/EU and Directive 2014/65/EU, as applicable;
(g)
the operation of the bridge institution shall be in accordance with the Union State aid framework and the resolution authority may specify restrictions on its operations accordingly.
Notwithstanding the provisions referred to in points (e) and (f) of the first subparagraph and where necessary to meet the resolution objectives, the bridge institution may be established and authorised without complying with Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU for a short period of time at the beginning of its operation. To that end, the resolution authority shall submit a request in that sense to the competent authority. If the competent authority decides to grant such an authorisation, it shall indicate the period for which the bridge institution is waived from complying with the requirements of those Directives.
2.   Subject to any restrictions imposed in accordance with Union or national competition rules, the management of the bridge institution shall operate the bridge institution with a view to maintaining access to critical functions and selling the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), its assets, rights or liabilities, to one or more private sector purchasers when conditions are appropriate and within the period specified in paragraph 4 of this Article or, where applicable, paragraph 6 of this Article.
3.   The resolution authority shall take a decision that the bridge institution is no longer a bridge institution within the meaning of Article 40(2) in any of the following cases, whichever occurs first:
(a)
the bridge institution merges with another entity;
(b)
the bridge institution ceases to meet the requirements of Article 40(2);
(c)
the sale of all or substantially all of the bridge institution’s assets, rights or liabilities to a third party;
(d)
the expiry of the period specified in paragraph 5 or, where applicable, paragraph 6;
(e)
the bridge institution’s assets are completely wound down and its liabilities are completely discharged.
4.   Member States shall ensure, in cases when the resolution authority seeks to sell the bridge institution or its assets, rights or liabilities, that the bridge institution or the relevant assets or liabilities are marketed openly and transparently, and that the sale does not materially misrepresent them or unduly favour or discriminate between potential purchasers.
Any such sale shall be made on commercial terms, having regard to the circumstances and in accordance with the Union State aid framework.
5.   If none of the outcomes referred to in points (a), (b), (c) and (e) of paragraph 3 applies, the resolution authority shall terminate the operation of a bridge institution as soon as possible and in any event two years after the date on which the last transfer from an institution under resolution pursuant to the bridge institution tool was made.
6.   The resolution authority may extend the period referred to in paragraph 5 for one or more additional one-year periods where such an extension:
(a)
supports the outcomes referred to in point (a), (b), (c) or (e) of paragraph 3; or
(b)
is necessary to ensure the continuity of essential banking or financial services.
7.   Any decision of the resolution authority to extend the period referred to in paragraph 5 shall be reasoned and shall contain a detailed assessment of the situation, including of the market conditions and outlook, that justifies the extension.
8.   Where the operations of a bridge institution are terminated in the circumstances referred to in point (c) or (d) of paragraph 3, the bridge institution shall be wound up under normal insolvency proceedings.
Subject to Article 37(7), any proceeds generated as a result of the termination of the operation of the bridge institution shall benefit the shareholders of the bridge institution.
9.   Where a bridge institution is used for the purpose of transferring assets and liabilities of more than one institution under resolution the obligation referred to in paragraph 8 shall refer to the assets and liabilities transferred from each of the institutions under resolution and not to the bridge institution itself.
Section 4
The asset separation tool
Article 42
Asset separation tool
1.   In order to give effect to the asset separation tool, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to transfer assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution or a bridge institution to one or more asset management vehicles.
Subject to Article 85, the transfer referred to in the first subparagraph may take place without obtaining the consent of the shareholders of the institutions under resolution or any third party other than the bridge institution, and without complying with any procedural requirements under company or securities law.
2.   For the purposes of the asset separation tool, an asset management vehicle shall be a legal person that meets all of the following requirements:
(a)
it is wholly or partially owned by one or more public authorities which may include the resolution authority or the resolution financing arrangement and is controlled by the resolution authority;
(b)
it has been created for the purpose of receiving some or all of the assets, rights and liabilities of one or more institutions under resolution or a bridge institution.
3.   The asset management vehicle shall manage the assets transferred to it with a view to maximising their value through eventual sale or orderly wind down.
4.   Member States shall ensure that the operation of an asset management vehicle respects the following provisions:
(a)
the contents of the asset management vehicle’s constitutional documents are approved by the resolution authority;
(b)
subject to the asset management vehicle’s ownership structure, the resolution authority either appoints or approves the vehicle’s management body;
(c)
the resolution authority approves the remuneration of the members of the management body and determines their appropriate responsibilities;
(d)
the resolution authority approves the strategy and risk profile of the asset management vehicle.
5.   Resolution authorities may exercise the power specified in paragraph 1 to transfer assets, rights or liabilities only if:
(a)
the situation of the particular market for those assets is of such a nature that the liquidation of those assets under normal insolvency proceedings could have an adverse effect on one or more financial markets.
(b)
such a transfer is necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the institution under resolution or bridge institution; or
(c)
such a transfer is necessary to maximise liquidation proceeds.
6.   When applying the asset separation tool, resolution authorities shall determine the consideration for which assets, rights and liabilities are transferred to the asset management vehicle in accordance with the principles established in Article 36 and in accordance with the Union State aid framework. This paragraph does not prevent the consideration having nominal or negative value.
7.   Subject to Article 37(7), any consideration paid by the asset management vehicle in respect of the assets, rights or liabilities acquired directly from the institution under resolution shall benefit the institution under resolution. Consideration may be paid in the form of debt issued by the asset management vehicle.
8.   Where the bridge institution tool has been applied, an asset management vehicle may, subsequent to the application of the bridge institution tool, acquire assets, rights or liabilities from the bridge institution.
9.   Resolution authorities may transfer assets, rights or liabilities from the institution under resolution to one or more asset management vehicles on more than one occasion and transfer assets, rights or liabilities back from one or more asset management vehicles to the institution under resolution provided that the conditions specified in paragraph 10 are met.
The institution under resolution shall be obliged to take back any such assets, rights or liabilities.
10.   Resolution authorities may transfer rights, assets or liabilities back from the asset management vehicle to the institution under resolution in one of the following circumstances:
(a)
the possibility that the specific rights, assets or liabilities might be transferred back is stated expressly in the instrument by which the transfer was made;
(b)
the specific rights, assets or liabilities do not in fact fall within the classes of, or meet the conditions for transfer of, rights, assets or liabilities specified in the instrument by which the transfer was made.
In either of the cases referred in points (a) and (b), the transfer back may be made within any period, and shall comply with any other conditions, stated in that instrument for the relevant purpose.
11.   Transfers between the institution under resolution and the asset management vehicle shall be subject to the safeguards for partial property transfers specified in Chapter VII of Title IV.
12.   Without prejudice to Chapter VII of Title IV shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution and other third parties whose assets, rights or liabilities are not transferred to the asset management vehicle shall not have any rights over or in relation to the assets, rights or liabilities transferred to the asset management vehicle or its management body or senior management.
13.   The objectives of an asset management vehicle shall not imply any duty or responsibility to shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution, and the management body or senior management shall have no liability to such shareholders or creditors for acts and omissions in the discharge of their duties unless the act or omission implies gross negligence or serious misconduct in accordance with national law which directly affects rights of such shareholders or creditors.
Member States may further limit the liability of an asset management vehicle and its management body or senior management in accordance with national law for acts and omissions in the discharge of their duties.
14.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to promote the convergence of supervisory and resolution practices regarding the determination when, in accordance to paragraph 5 of this Article the liquidation of the assets or liabilities under normal insolvency proceeding could have an adverse effect on one or more financial markets.
Section 5
The bail-in tool
Subsection 1
Objective and scope of the bail-in tool
Article 43
The bail-in tool
1.   In order to give effect to the bail-in tool, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the resolution powers specified in Article 63(1).
2.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may apply the bail-in tool to meet the resolution objectives specified in Article 31, in accordance with the resolution principles specified in Article 34 for any of the following purposes:
(a)
to recapitalise an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive that meets the conditions for resolution to the extent sufficient to restore its ability to comply with the conditions for authorisation (to the extent that those conditions apply to the entity) and to continue to carry out the activities for which it is authorised under Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU, where the entity is authorised under those Directives, and to sustain sufficient market confidence in the institution or entity;
(b)
to convert to equity or reduce the principal amount of claims or debt instruments that are transferred:
(i)
to a bridge institution with a view to providing capital for that bridge institution; or
(ii)
under the sale of business tool or the asset separation tool.
3.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may apply the bail-in tool for the purpose referred to in point (a) of paragraph 2 of this Article only if there is a reasonable prospect that the application of that tool together with other relevant measures including measures implemented in accordance with the business reorganisation plan required by Article 52 will, in addition to achieving relevant resolution objectives, restore the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in question to financial soundness and long-term viability.
Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may apply any of the resolution tools referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) of Article 37(3), and the bail-in tool referred to in point (b) of paragraph 2 of this Article, where the conditions laid down in the first subparagraph are not met.
4.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may apply the bail-in tool to all institutions or entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) while respecting in each case the legal form of the institution or entity concerned or may change the legal form.
Article 44
Scope of bail-in tool
1.   Member States shall ensure that the bail-in tool may be applied to all liabilities of an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that are not excluded from the scope of that tool pursuant to paragraphs 2 or 3 of this Article.
2.   Resolution authorities shall not exercise the write down or conversion powers in relation to the following liabilities whether they are governed by the law of a Member State or of a third country:
(a)
covered deposits;
(b)
secured liabilities including covered bonds and liabilities in the form of financial instruments used for hedging purposes which form an integral part of the cover pool and which according to national law are secured in a way similar to covered bonds;
(c)
any liability that arises by virtue of the holding by the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive of client assets or client money including client assets or client money held on behalf of UCITS as defined in Article 1(2) of Directive 2009/65/EC or of AIFs as defined in point (a) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
31
)
, provided that such a client is protected under the applicable insolvency law;
(d)
any liability that arises by virtue of a fiduciary relationship between the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) (as fiduciary) and another person (as beneficiary) provided that such a beneficiary is protected under the applicable insolvency or civil law;
(e)
liabilities to institutions, excluding entities that are part of the same group, with an original maturity of less than seven days;
(f)
liabilities with a remaining maturity of less than seven days, owed to systems or operators of systems designated according to Directive 98/26/EC or their participants and arising from the participation in such a system;
(g)
a liability to any one of the following:
(i)
an employee, in relation to accrued salary, pension benefits or other fixed remuneration, except for the variable component of remuneration that is not regulated by a collective bargaining agreement;
(ii)
a commercial or trade creditor arising from the provision to the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of goods or services that are critical to the daily functioning of its operations, including IT services, utilities and the rental, servicing and upkeep of premises;
(iii)
tax and social security authorities, provided that those liabilities are preferred under the applicable law;
(iv)
deposit guarantee schemes arising from contributions due in accordance with Directive 2014/49/EU.
Point (g)(i) of the first subparagraph shall not apply to the variable component of the remuneration of material risk takers as identified in Article 92(2) of Directive 2013/36/EU.
Member States shall ensure that all secured assets relating to a covered bond cover pool remain unaffected, segregated and with enough funding. Neither that requirement nor point (b) of the first subparagraph shall prevent resolution authorities, where appropriate, from exercising those powers in relation to any part of a secured liability or a liability for which collateral has been pledged that exceeds the value of the assets, pledge, lien or collateral against which it is secured.
Point (a) of the first subparagraph shall not prevent resolution authorities, where appropriate, from exercising those powers in relation to any amount of a deposit that exceeds the coverage level provided for in Article 6 of Directive 2014/49/EU.
Without prejudice to the large exposure rules in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU, Member States shall ensure that in order to provide for the resolvability of institutions and groups, resolution authorities limit, in accordance with point (b) of Article 17(5) of this Directive, the extent to which other institutions hold liabilities eligible for a bail-in tool, save for liabilities that are held at entities that are part of the same group.
3.   In exceptional circumstances, where the bail-in tool is applied, the resolution authority may exclude or partially exclude certain liabilities from the application of the write-down or conversion powers where:
(a)
it is not possible to bail-in that liability within a reasonable time notwithstanding the good faith efforts of the resolution authority;
(b)
the exclusion is strictly necessary and is proportionate to achieve the continuity of critical functions and core business lines in a manner that maintains the ability of the institution under resolution to continue key operations, services and transactions;
(c)
the exclusion is strictly necessary and proportionate to avoid giving rise to widespread contagion, in particular as regards eligible deposits held by natural persons and micro, small and medium sized enterprises, which would severely disrupt the functioning of financial markets, including of financial market infrastructures, in a manner that could cause a serious disturbance to the economy of a Member State or of the Union; or
(d)
the application of the bail-in tool to those liabilities would cause a destruction in value such that the losses borne by other creditors would be higher than if those liabilities were excluded from bail-in.
Where a resolution authority decides to exclude or partially exclude an eligible liability or class of eligible liabilities under this paragraph, the level of write down or conversion applied to other eligible liabilities may be increased to take account of such exclusions, provided that the level of write down and conversion applied to other eligible liabilities complies with the principle in point (g) of Article 34(1).
4.   Where a resolution authority decides to exclude or partially exclude an eligible liability or class of eligible liabilities pursuant to this Article, and the losses that would have been borne by those liabilities have not been passed on fully to other creditors, the resolution financing arrangement may make a contribution to the institution under resolution to do one or both of the following:
(a)
cover any losses which have not been absorbed by eligible liabilities and restore the net asset value of the institution under resolution to zero in accordance with point (a) of Article 46(1);
(b)
purchase shares or other instruments of ownership or capital instruments in the institution under resolution, in order to recapitalise the institution in accordance with point (b) of Article 46(1).
5.   The resolution financing arrangement may make a contribution referred to in paragraph 4 only where:
(a)
a contribution to loss absorption and recapitalisation equal to an amount not less than 8 % of the total liabilities including own funds of the institution under resolution, measured at the time of resolution action in accordance with the valuation provided for in Article 36, has been made by the shareholders and the holders of other instruments of ownership, the holders of relevant capital instruments and other eligible liabilities through write down, conversion or otherwise; and
(b)
the contribution of the resolution financing arrangement does not exceed 5 % of the total liabilities including own funds of the institution under resolution, measured at the time of resolution action in accordance with the valuation provided for in Article 36.
6.   The contribution of the resolution financing arrangement referred to in paragraph 4 may be financed by:
(a)
the amount available to the resolution financing arrangement which has been raised through contributions by institutions and Union branches in accordance with Article 100(6) and Article 103;
(b)
the amount that can be raised through 
ex-post
 contributions in accordance with Article 104 within three years; and
(c)
where the amounts referred to (a) and (b) of this paragraph are insufficient, amounts raised from alternative financing sources in accordance with Article 105.
7.   In extraordinary circumstances, the resolution authority may seek further funding from alternative financing sources after:
(a)
the 5 % limit specified in paragraph 5(b) has been reached; and
(b)
all unsecured, non-preferred liabilities, other than eligible deposits, have been written down or converted in full.
As an alternative or in addition, where the conditions laid down in the first subparagraph are met, the resolution financing arrangement may make a contribution from resources which have been raised through 
ex-ante
 contributions in accordance with Article 100(6) and Article 103 and which have not yet been used.
8.   By way of derogation from paragraph 5 (a), the resolution financing arrangement may also make a contribution as referred to in paragraph 4 provided that:
(a)
the contribution to loss absorption and recapitalisation referred to in point (a) of paragraph 5 is equal to an amount not less than 20 % of the risk weighted assets of the institution concerned;
(b)
the resolution financing arrangement of the Member State concerned has at its disposal, by way of 
ex-ante
 contributions (not including contributions to a deposit guarantee scheme) raised in accordance with Article 100(6) and Article 103, an amount which is at least equal to 3 % of covered deposits of all the credit institutions authorised in the territory of that Member State; and
(c)
the institution concerned has assets below EUR 900 billion on a consolidated basis.
9.   When exercising the discretions under paragraph 3, resolution authorities shall give due consideration to:
(a)
the principle that losses should be borne first by shareholders and next, in general, by creditors of the institution under resolution in order of preference;
(b)
the level of loss absorbing capacity that would remain in the institution under resolution if the liability or class of liabilities were excluded; and
(c)
the need to maintain adequate resources for resolution financing.
10.   Exclusions under paragraph 3 may be applied either to completely exclude a liability from write down or to limit the extent of the write down applied to that liability.
11.   The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 in order to specify further the circumstances when exclusion is necessary to achieve the objectives specified in paragraph 3 of this Article.
12.   Before exercising the discretion to exclude a liability under paragraph 3, the resolution authority shall notify the Commission. Where the exclusion would require a contribution by the resolution financing arrangement or an alternative financing source under paragraphs 4 to 8, the Commission may, within 24 hours of receipt of such a notification, or a longer period with the agreement of the resolution authority, prohibit or require amendments to the proposed exclusion if the requirements of this Article and delegated acts are not met in order to protect the integrity of the internal market. This is without prejudice to the application by the Commission of the Union State aid framework.
Subsection 2
Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities
Article 45
Application of the minimum requirement
1.   Member States shall ensure that institutions meet, at all times, a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities. The minimum requirement shall be calculated as the amount of own funds and eligible liabilities expressed as a percentage of the total liabilities and own funds of the institution.
For the purpose of the first subparagraph derivative liabilities shall be included in the total liabilities on the basis that full recognition is given to counterparty netting rights.
2.   EBA shall draft technical regulatory standards which specify further the assessment criteria mentioned in points (a) to (f) of paragraph 6 on the basis of which, for each institution, a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, including subordinated debt and senior unsecured debt with at least 12 months remaining on their terms that are subject to the bail-in power and those that qualify as own funds, is to be determined.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Member States may provide for additional criteria on the basis of which the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities shall be determined.
3.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, resolution authorities shall exempt mortgage credit institutions financed by covered bonds which, according to national law are not allowed to receive deposits from the obligation to meet, at all times, a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, as:
(a)
those institutions will be wound-up through national insolvency procedures, or other types of procedure implemented in accordance with Article 38, 40 or 42 of this Directive, provided for those institutions; and
(b)
such national insolvency procedures, or other types of procedure, will ensure that creditors of those institutions, including holders of covered bonds where relevant, will bear losses in a way that meets the resolution objectives.
4.   Eligible liabilities shall be included in the amount of own funds and eligible liabilities referred to in paragraph 1 only if they satisfy the following conditions:
(a)
the instrument is issued and fully paid up;
(b)
the liability is not owed to, secured by or guaranteed by the institution itself;
(c)
the purchase of the instrument was not funded directly or indirectly by the institution;
(d)
the liability has a remaining maturity of at least one year;
(e)
the liability does not arise from a derivative;
(f)
the liability does not arise from a deposit which benefits from preference in the national insolvency hierarchy in accordance with Article 108.
For the purpose of point (d) where a liability confers upon its owner a right to early reimbursement, the maturity of that liability shall be the first date where such a right arises.
5.   Where a liability is governed by the law of a third-country, resolution authorities may require the institution to demonstrate that any decision of a resolution authority to write down or convert that liability would be effective under the law of that third country, having regard to the terms of the contract governing the liability, international agreements on the recognition of resolution proceedings and other relevant matters. If the resolution authority is not satisfied that any decision would be effective under the law of that third country, the liability shall not be counted towards the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities.
6.   The minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities of each institution pursuant to paragraph 1 shall be determined by the resolution authority, after consulting the competent authority, at least on the basis of the following criteria:
(a)
the need to ensure that the institution can be resolved by the application of the resolution tools including, where appropriate, the bail-in tool, in a way that meets the resolution objectives;
(b)
the need to ensure, in appropriate cases, that the institution has sufficient eligible liabilities to ensure that, if the bail-in tool were to be applied, losses could be absorbed and the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of the institution could be restored to a level necessary to enable it to continue to comply with the conditions for authorisation and to continue to carry out the activities for which it is authorised under Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU and to sustain sufficient market confidence in the institution or entity;
(c)
the need to ensure that, if the resolution plan anticipates that certain classes of eligible liabilities might be excluded from bail-in under Article 44(3) or that certain classes of eligible liabilities might be transferred to a recipient in full under a partial transfer, that the institution has sufficient other eligible liabilities to ensure that losses could be absorbed and the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio of the institution could be restored to a level necessary to enable it to continue to comply with the conditions for authorisation and to continue to carry out the activities for which it is authorised under Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU;
(d)
the size, the business model, the funding model and the risk profile of the institution;
(e)
the extent to which the Deposit Guarantee Scheme could contribute to the financing of resolution in accordance with Article 109;
(f)
the extent to which the failure of the institution would have adverse effects on financial stability, including, due to its interconnectedness with other institutions or with the rest of the financial system through contagion to other institutions.
7.   Institutions shall comply with the minimum requirements laid down in this Article on an individual basis.
A resolution authority may, after consulting a competent authority, decide to apply the minimum requirement laid down in this Article to an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1).
8.   In addition to paragraph 7, Union parent undertakings shall comply with the minimum requirements laid down in this Article on a consolidated basis.
The minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities at consolidated level of an Union parent undertaking shall be determined by the group-level resolution authority, after consulting the consolidating supervisor, in accordance with paragraph 9, at least on the basis of the criteria laid down in paragraph 6 and of whether the third-country subsidiaries of the group are to be resolved separately according to the resolution plan.
9.   The group-level resolution authority and the resolution authorities responsible for the subsidiaries on an individual basis shall do everything within their power to reach a joint decision on the level of the minimum requirement applied at the consolidated level.
The joint decision shall be fully reasoned and shall be provided to the Union parent undertaking by the group-level resolution authority.
In the absence of such a joint decision within four months, a decision shall be taken on the consolidated minimum requirement by the group-level resolution authority after duly taking into consideration the assessment of subsidiaries performed by the relevant resolution authorities. If, at the end of the four-month period, any of the resolution authorities concerned has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the group-level resolution authority shall defer its decision and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take its decision in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decision of the group-level resolution authority shall apply.
The joint decision and the decision taken by the group-level resolution authority in the absence of a joint decision shall be binding on the resolution authorities in the Member States concerned.
The joint decision and any decision taken in the absence of a joint decision shall be reviewed and where relevant updated on a regular basis.
10.   Resolution authorities shall set the minimum requirement to be applied to the group’s subsidiaries on an individual basis. Those minimum requirements shall be set at a level appropriate for the subsidiary having regard to:
(a)
the criteria listed in paragraph 6, in particular the size, business model and risk profile of the subsidiary, including its own funds; and
(b)
the consolidated requirement that has been set for the group under paragraph 9.
The group-level resolution authority and the resolution authorities responsible for subsidiaries on an individual basis shall do everything within their power to reach a joint decision on the level of the minimum requirement to be applied to each respective subsidiary at an individual level.
The joint decision shall be fully reasoned and shall be provided to the subsidiaries and to the Union parent institution by the resolution authority of the subsidiaries and by the group-level resolution authority, respectively.
In the absence of such a joint decision between the resolution authorities within a period of four months the decision shall be taken by the respective resolution authorities of the subsidiaries duly considering the views and reservations expressed by the group-level resolution authority.
If, at the end of the four-month period, the group-level resolution authority has referred the matter to EBA in accordance with Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, the resolution authorities responsible for the subsidiaries on an individual basis shall defer their decisions and await any decision that EBA may take in accordance with Article 19(3) of that Regulation, and shall take their decisions in accordance with the decision of EBA. The four-month period shall be deemed to be the conciliation period within the meaning of that Regulation. EBA shall take its decision within one month. The matter shall not be referred to EBA after the end of the four-month period or after a joint decision has been reached. The group-level resolution authority shall not refer the matter to EBA for binding mediation where the level set by the resolution authority of the subsidiary is within one percentage point of the consolidated level set under paragraph 9 of this Article.
In the absence of an EBA decision within one month, the decisions of the resolution authorities of the subsidiaries shall apply.
The joint decision and any decisions taken by the resolution authorities of the subsidiaries in the absence of a joint decision shall be binding on the resolution authorities concerned.
The joint decision and any decisions taken in the absence of a joint decision shall be reviewed and where relevant updated on a regular basis.
11.   The group-level resolution authority may fully waive the application of the individual minimum requirement to an Union parent institution where:
(a)
the Union parent institution complies on a consolidated basis with the minimum requirement set under paragraph 8; and
(b)
the competent authority of the Union parent institution has fully waived the application of individual capital requirements to the institution in accordance with Article 7(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
12.   The resolution authority of a subsidiary may fully waive the application of paragraph 7 to that subsidiary where:
(a)
both the subsidiary and its parent undertaking are subject to authorisation and supervision by the same Member State;
(b)
the subsidiary is included in the supervision on a consolidated basis of the institution which is the parent undertaking;
(c)
the highest level group institution in the Member State of the subsidiary, where different to the Union parent institution, complies on a sub-consolidated basis with the minimum requirement set under paragraph 7;
(d)
there is no current or foreseen material practical or legal impediment to the prompt transfer of own funds or repayment of liabilities to the subsidiary by its parent undertaking;
(e)
either the parent undertaking satisfies the competent authority regarding the prudent management of the subsidiary and has declared, with the consent of the competent authority, that it guarantees the commitments entered into by the subsidiary, or the risks in the subsidiary are of no significance;
(f)
the risk evaluation, measurement and control procedures of the parent undertaking cover the subsidiary;
(g)
the parent undertaking holds more than 50 % of the voting rights attached to shares in the capital of the subsidiary or has the right to appoint or remove a majority of the members of the management body of the subsidiary; and
(h)
the competent authority of the subsidiary has fully waived the application of individual capital requirements to the subsidiary under Article 7(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
13.   The decisions taken in accordance with this Article may provide that the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities is partially met at consolidated or individual level through contractual bail-in instruments.
14.   To qualify as a contractual bail-in instrument under paragraph 13, the resolution authority shall be satisfied that the instrument:
(a)
contains a contractual term providing that, where a resolution authority decides to apply the bail-in tool to that institution, the instrument shall be written down or converted to the extent required before other eligible liabilities are written down or converted; and
(b)
is subject to a binding subordination agreement, undertaking or provision under which in the event of normal insolvency proceedings, it ranks below other eligible liabilities and cannot be repaid until other eligible liabilities outstanding at the time have been settled.
15.   Resolution authorities, in coordination with competent authorities, shall require and verify that institutions meet the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities laid down in paragraph 1 and where relevant the requirement laid down in paragraph 13, and shall take any decision pursuant to this Article in parallel with the development and the maintenance of resolution plans.
16.   Resolution authorities, in coordination with competent authorities, shall inform EBA of the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, and where relevant the requirement laid down in paragraph 13, that have been set for each institution under their jurisdiction.
17.   EBA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to specify uniform formats, templates and definitions for the identification and transmission of information by resolution authorities, in coordination with competent authorities, to EBA for the purposes of paragraph 16.
EBA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
18.   Based on the results of the report referred to in paragraph 19, the Commission shall, if appropriate, submit by 31 December 2016 to the European Parliament and the Council a legislative proposal on the harmonised application of the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities. That proposal shall include, where appropriate, proposals for the introduction of an appropriate number of minimum levels of the minimum requirement, taking account of the different business models of institutions and groups. The proposal shall include any appropriate adjustments to the parameters of the minimum requirement, and if necessary, appropriate amendments to the application of the minimum requirement to groups.
19.   EBA shall submit a report to the Commission by 31 October 2016 on at least the following:
(a)
how the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities has been implemented at national level, and in particular whether there have been divergences in the levels set for comparable institutions across Member States;
(b)
how the power to require institutions to meet the minimum requirement through contractual bail-in instruments has been applied across Member States and whether there have been divergences in those approaches;
(c)
the identification of business models that reflect the overall risk profiles of the institution;
(d)
the appropriate level of the minimum requirement for each of the business models identified under point (c);
(e)
whether a range for the level of the minimum requirement of each business model should be established;
(f)
the appropriate transitional period for institutions to achieve compliance with any harmonised minimum levels prescribed;
(g)
whether the requirements laid down in Article 45 are sufficient to ensure that each institution has adequate loss-absorbing capacity and, if not, which further enhancements are needed in order to ensure that objective;
(h)
whether changes to the calculation methodology provided for in this Article are necessary to ensure that the minimum requirement can be used as an appropriate indicator of an institution’s loss-absorbing capacity;
(i)
whether it is appropriate to base the requirement on total liabilities and own funds and in particular whether it is more appropriate to use the institution’s risk-weighted assets as a denominator for the requirement;
(j)
whether the approach of this Article on the application of the minimum requirement to groups is appropriate, and in particular whether the approach adequately ensures that loss absorbing capacity in the group is located in, or accessible to, the entities where losses might arise;
(k)
whether the conditions for waivers from the minimum requirement are appropriate, and in particular whether such waivers should be available for subsidiaries on a cross-border basis;
(l)
whether it is appropriate that resolution authorities may require that the minimum requirement be met through contractual bail-in instruments, and whether further harmonisation of the approach to contractual bail-in instruments is appropriate;
(m)
whether the requirements for contractual bail-in instruments laid down in paragraph 14 are appropriate; and
(n)
whether it is appropriate for institutions and groups to be required to disclose their minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities, or their level of own funds and eligible liabilities, and if so the frequency and format of such disclosure.
20.   The report in paragraph 19 shall cover at least the period from 2 July 2014 until 30 June 2016 and shall take account of at least the following:
(a)
the impact of the minimum requirement, and any proposed harmonised levels of the minimum requirement on:
(i)
financial markets in general and markets for unsecured debt and derivatives in particular;
(ii)
business models and balance sheet structures of institutions, in particular the funding profile and funding strategy of institutions, and the legal and operational structure of groups;
(iii)
the profitability of institutions, in particular their cost of funding;
(iv)
the migration of exposures to entities which are not subject to prudential supervision;
(v)
financial innovation;
(vi)
the prevalence of contractual bail-in instruments, and the nature and marketability of such instruments;
(vii)
the risk-taking behaviour of institutions;
(viii)
the level of asset encumbrance of institutions;
(ix)
the actions taken by institutions to comply with minimum requirements, and in particular the extent to which minimum requirements have been met by asset deleveraging, long-term debt issuance and capital raising; and
(x)
the level of lending by credit institutions, with a particular focus on lending to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, local authorities, regional governments and public sector entities and on trade financing, including lending under official export credit insurance schemes;
(b)
the interaction of the minimum requirements with the own funds requirements, leverage ratio and the liquidity requirements laid down in Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and in Directive 2013/36/EU;
(c)
the capacity of institutions to independently raise capital or funding from markets in order to meet any proposed harmonised minimum requirements;
(d)
consistency with the minimum requirements relating to any international standards developed by international fora.
Subsection 3
Implementation of the bail-in tool
Article 46
Assessment of amount of bail-in
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when applying the bail-in tool, resolution authorities assess on the basis of a valuation that complies with Article 36 the aggregate of:
(a)
where relevant, the amount by which eligible liabilities must be written down in order to ensure that the net asset value of the institution under resolution is equal to zero; and
(b)
where relevant, the amount by which eligible liabilities must be converted into shares or other types of capital instruments in order to restore the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of either:
(i)
the institution under resolution; or
(ii)
the bridge institution.
2.   The assessment referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall establish the amount by which eligible liabilities need to be written down or converted in order to restore the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of the institution under resolution or where applicable establish the ratio of the bridge institution taking into account any contribution of capital by the resolution financing arrangement pursuant to point (d) of Article 101(1) of this Directive, and to sustain sufficient market confidence in the institution under resolution or the bridge institution and enable it to continue to meet, for at least one year, the conditions for authorisation and to continue to carry out the activities for which it is authorised under Directive 2013/36/EU or Directive 2014/65/EU.
Where resolution authorities intend to use the asset separation tool referred to in Article 42, the amount by which eligible liabilities need to be reduced shall take into account a prudent estimate of the capital needs of the asset management vehicle as appropriate.
3.   Where capital has been written down in accordance with Articles 59 to 62 and bail-in has been applied pursuant to Article 43(2) and the level of write-down based on the preliminary valuation according to Article 36 is found to exceed requirements when assessed against the definitive valuation according to Article 36(10), a write-up mechanism may be applied to reimburse creditors and then shareholders to the extent necessary.
4.   Resolution authorities shall establish and maintain arrangements to ensure that the assessment and valuation is based on information about the assets and liabilities of the institution under resolution that is as up to date and comprehensive as is reasonably possible.
Article 47
Treatment of shareholders in bail-in or write down or conversion of capital instruments
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when applying the bail-in tool in Article 43(2) or the write down or conversion of capital instruments in Article 59, resolution authorities take in respect of shareholders and holders of other instruments of ownership one or both of the following actions:
(a)
cancel existing shares or other instruments of ownership or transfer them to bailed-in creditors;
(b)
provided that, in accordance to the valuation carried out under Article 36, the institution under resolution has a positive net value, dilute existing shareholders and holders of other instruments of ownership as a result of the conversion into shares or other instruments of ownership of:
(i)
relevant capital instruments issued by the institution pursuant to the power referred to in Article 59(2); or
(ii)
eligible liabilities issued by the institution under resolution pursuant to the power referred to in point (f) of Article 63(1).
With regard to point (b) of the first subparagraph, the conversion shall be conducted at a rate of conversion that severely dilutes existing holdings of shares or other instruments of ownership.
2.   The actions referred to in paragraph 1 shall also be taken in respect of shareholders and holders of other instruments of ownership where the shares or other instruments of ownership in question were issued or conferred in the following circumstances:
(a)
pursuant to conversion of debt instruments to shares or other instruments of ownership in accordance with contractual terms of the original debt instruments on the occurrence of an event that preceded or occurred at the same time as the assessment by the resolution authority that the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) met the conditions for resolution;
(b)
pursuant to the conversion of relevant capital instruments to Common Equity Tier 1 instruments pursuant to Article 60.
3.   When considering which action to take in accordance with paragraph 1, resolution authorities shall have regard to:
(a)
the valuation carried out in accordance with Article 36;
(b)
the amount by which the resolution authority has assessed that Common Equity Tier 1 items must be reduced and relevant capital instruments must be written down or converted pursuant to Article 60(1); and
(c)
the aggregate amount assessed by the resolution authority pursuant to Article 46.
4.   By way of derogation from Articles 22 to 25 of Directive 2013/36/EU, the requirement to give a notice in Article 26 of Directive 2013/36/EU, Article 10(3), Article 11(1) and(2) and Articles 12 and 13of Directive 2014/65/EU and the requirement to give a notice in Article 11(3) of Directive 2014/65/EU, where the application of the bail-in tool or the conversion of capital instruments would result in the acquisition of or increase in a qualifying holding in an institution as referred to in Article 22(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU or Article 11(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, competent authorities shall carry out the assessment required under those Articles in a timely manner that does not delay the application of the bail-in tool or the conversion of capital instruments, or prevent resolution action from achieving the relevant resolution objectives.
5.   If the competent authority of that institution has not completed the assessment required under paragraph 4 on the date of application of the bail-in tool or the conversion of capital instruments, Article 38(9) shall apply to any acquisition of or increase in a qualifying holding by an acquirer resulting from the application of the bail-in tool or the conversion of capital instruments.
6.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2016, issue guidelines, in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, on the circumstances in which each of the actions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article would be appropriate, having regard to the factors specified in paragraph 3 of this Article.
Article 48
Sequence of write down and conversion
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when applying the bail-in tool, resolution authorities exercise the write down and conversion powers, subject to any exclusions under Article 44(2) and (3), meeting the following requirements:
(a)
Common Equity Tier 1 items are reduced in accordance with point (a) of Article 60(1);
(b)
if, and only if, the total reduction pursuant to point (a) is less than the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3), authorities reduce the principal amount of Additional Tier 1 instruments to the extent required and to the extent of their capacity;
(c)
if, and only if, the total reduction pursuant to points (a) and (b) is less than the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3), authorities reduce the principal amount of Tier 2 instruments to the extent required and to the extent of their capacity;
(d)
if, and only if, the total reduction of shares or other instruments of ownership and relevant capital instruments pursuant to points (a), (b) and (c) is less than the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3), authorities reduce to the extent required the principal amount of subordinated debt that is not Additional Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital in accordance with the hierarchy of claims in normal insolvency proceedings, in conjunction with the write down pursuant to points (a), (b) and (c) to produce the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3);
(e)
if, and only if, the total reduction of shares or other instruments of ownership, relevant capital instruments and eligible liabilities pursuant to points (a) to (d) of this paragraph is less than the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (d) of Article 47(3), authorities reduce to the extent required the principal amount of, or outstanding amount payable in respect of, the rest of eligible liabilities in accordance with the hierarchy of claims in normal insolvency proceedings, including the ranking of deposits provided for in Article 108, pursuant to Article 44, in conjunction with the write down pursuant to points (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this paragraph to produce the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3).
2.   When applying the write down or conversion powers, resolution authorities shall allocate the losses represented by the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3) equally between shares or other instruments of ownership and eligible liabilities of the same rank by reducing the principal amount of, or outstanding amount payable in respect of, those shares or other instruments of ownership and eligible liabilities to the same extent pro rata to their value except where a different allocation of losses amongst liabilities of the same rank is allowed in the circumstances specified in Article 44(3).
This paragraph shall not prevent liabilities which have been excluded from bail-in in accordance with Article 44(2) and (3) from receiving more favourable treatment than eligible liabilities which are of the same rank in normal insolvency proceedings.
3.   Before applying the write down or conversion referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1, resolution authorities shall convert or reduce the principal amount on instruments referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of paragraph 1 when those instruments contain the following terms and have not already been converted:
(a)
terms that provide for the principal amount of the instrument to be reduced on the occurrence of any event that refers to the financial situation, solvency or levels of own funds of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
terms that provide for the conversion of the instruments to shares or other instruments of ownership on the occurrence of any such event.
4.   Where the principal amount of an instrument has been reduced, but not to zero, in accordance with terms of the kind referred to in point (a) of paragraph 3 before the application of the bail-in pursuant to paragraph 1, resolution authorities shall apply the write-down and conversion powers to the residual amount of that principal in accordance with paragraph 1.
5.   When deciding on whether liabilities are to be written down or converted into equity, resolution authorities shall not convert one class of liabilities, while a class of liabilities that is subordinated to that class remains substantially unconverted into equity or not written down, unless otherwise permitted under Article 44(2) and (3).
6.   For the purposes of this Article, EBA shall, by 3 January 2016, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 for any interpretation relating to the interrelationship between the provisions of this Directive and those of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and Directive 2013/36/EU.
Article 49
Derivatives
1.   Member States shall ensure that this Article is complied with when resolution authorities apply the write-down and conversion powers to liabilities arising from derivatives.
2.   Resolution authorities shall exercise the write-down and conversion powers in relation to a liability arising from a derivative only upon or after closing-out the derivatives. Upon entry into resolution, resolution authorities shall be empowered to terminate and close out any derivative contract for that purpose.
Where a derivative liability has been excluded from the application of the bail-in tool under Article 44(3), resolution authorities shall not be obliged to terminate or close out the derivative contract.
3.   Where derivative transactions are subject to a netting agreement, the resolution authority or an independent valuer shall determine as part of the valuation under Article 36 the liability arising from those transactions on a net basis in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
4.   Resolution authorities shall determine the value of liabilities arising from derivatives in accordance with the following:
(a)
appropriate methodologies for determining the value of classes of derivatives, including transactions that are subject to netting agreements;
(b)
principles for establishing the relevant point in time at which the value of a derivative position should be established; and
(c)
appropriate methodologies for comparing the destruction in value that would arise from the close out and bail-in of derivatives with the amount of losses that would be borne by derivatives in a bail-in.
5.   EBA, after consulting the European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority) (‘ESMA’), established by Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010, shall develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying methodologies and the principles referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 4 on the valuation of liabilities arising from derivatives.
In relation to derivative transactions that are subject to a netting agreement, EBA shall take into account the methodology for close-out set out in the netting agreement.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 January 2016.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 50
Rate of conversion of debt to equity
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when resolution authorities exercise the powers specified in Article 59(3) and point (f) of Article 63(1), they may apply a different conversion rate to different classes of capital instruments and liabilities in accordance with one or both of the principles referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article.
2.   The conversion rate shall represent appropriate compensation to the affected creditor for any loss incurred by virtue of the exercise of the write down and conversion powers.
3.   When different conversion rates are applied according to paragraph 1, the conversion rate applicable to liabilities that are considered to be senior under applicable insolvency law shall be higher than the conversion rate applicable to subordinated liabilities.
4.   EBA shall, by 3 January 2016, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 on the setting of conversion rates.
Those guidelines shall indicate, in particular, how affected creditors may be appropriately compensated by means of the conversion rate, and the relative conversion rates that might be appropriate to reflect the priority of senior liabilities under applicable insolvency law.
Article 51
Recovery and reorganisation measures to accompany bail-in
1.   Member States shall ensure that, where resolution authorities apply the bail-in tool to recapitalise an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in accordance with point (a) of Article 43(2), arrangements are adopted to ensure that a business reorganisation plan for that institution or entity is drawn up and implemented in accordance with Article 52.
2.   The arrangements referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may include the appointment by the resolution authority of a person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) with the objective of drawing up and implementing the business reorganisation plan required by Article 52.
Article 52
Business reorganisation plan
1.   Member States shall require that, within one month after the application of the bail-in tool to an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in accordance with point (a) of Article 43(2), the management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) shall draw up and submit to the resolution authority, a business reorganisation plan that satisfies the requirements of paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article. Where the Union State aid framework is applicable, Member States shall ensure that such a plan is compatible with the restructuring plan that the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is required to submit to the Commission under that framework.
2.   When the bail-in tool in point (a) of Article 43(2) is applied to two or more group entities, the business reorganisation plan shall be prepared by the Union parent institution and cover all of the institutions in the group in accordance with the procedure specified in Articles 7 and 8 and shall be submitted to the group-level resolution authority. The group-level resolution authority shall communicate the plan to other resolution authorities concerned and to EBA.
3.   In exceptional circumstances, and if it is necessary for achieving the resolution objectives, the resolution authority may extend the period in paragraph 1 up to a maximum of two months since the application of the bail-in tool.
Where the business reorganisation plan is required to be notified within the Union State aid framework, the resolution authority may extend the period in paragraph 1 up to a maximum of two months since the application of the bail-in tool or until the deadline laid down by the Union State aid framework, whichever occurs earlier.
4.   A business reorganisation plan shall set out measures aiming to restore the long-term viability of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or parts of its business within a reasonable timescale. Those measures shall be based on realistic assumptions as to the economic and financial market conditions under which the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) will operate.
The business reorganisation plan shall take account, inter alia, of the current state and future prospects of the financial markets, reflecting best-case and worst-case assumptions, including a combination of events allowing the identification of the institution’s main vulnerabilities. Assumptions shall be compared with appropriate sector-wide benchmarks.
5.   A business reorganisation plan shall include at least the following elements:
(a)
a detailed diagnosis of the factors and problems that caused the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to fail or to be likely to fail, and the circumstances that led to its difficulties;
(b)
a description of the measures aiming to restore the long-term viability of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that are to be adopted;
(c)
a timetable for the implementation of those measures.
6.   Measures aiming to restore the long-term viability of an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) may include:
(a)
the reorganisation of the activities of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
changes to the operational systems and infrastructure within the institution;
(c)
the withdrawal from loss-making activities;
(d)
the restructuring of existing activities that can be made competitive;
(e)
the sale of assets or of business lines.
7.   Within one month of the date of submission of the business reorganisation plan, the relevant resolution authority shall assess the likelihood that the plan, if implemented, will restore the long-term viability of the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1). The assessment shall be completed in agreement with the relevant competent authority.
If the resolution authority and the competent authority are satisfied that the plan would achieve that objective, the resolution authority shall approve the plan.
8.   If the resolution authority is not satisfied that the plan would achieve the objective referred to in paragraph 7, the resolution authority, in agreement with the competent authority, shall notify the management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) of its concerns and require the amendment of the plan in a way that addresses those concerns.
9.   Within two weeks from the date of receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 8, the management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) shall submit an amended plan to the resolution authority for approval. The resolution authority shall assess the amended plan, and shall notify the management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) within one week whether it is satisfied that the plan, as amended, addresses the concerns notified or whether further amendment is required.
10.   The management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) shall implement the reorganisation plan as agreed by the resolution authority and competent authority, and shall submit a report to the resolution authority at least every six months on progress in the implementation of the plan.
11.   The management body or the person or persons appointed in accordance with Article 72(1) shall revise the plan if, in the opinion of the resolution authority with the agreement of the competent authority, it is necessary to achieve the aim referred to in paragraph 4, and shall submit any such revision to the resolution authority for approval.
12.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify further:
(a)
the minimum elements that should be included in a business reorganisation plan pursuant to paragraph 5; and
(b)
the minimum contents of the reports pursuant to paragraph 10.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 January 2016.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
13.   EBA shall, by 3 January 2016, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify further the minimum criteria that a business reorganisation plan is to fulfil for approval by the resolution authority pursuant to paragraph 7.
14.   Taking into account, where appropriate, experience acquired in the application of the guidelines referred to in paragraph 13, EBA may develop draft regulatory technical standards in order to specify further the minimum criteria that a business reorganisation plan is to fulfil for approval by the resolution authority pursuant to paragraph 7.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Subsection 4
Bail-in tool: ancillary provisions
Article 53
Effect of bail-in
1.   Member States shall ensure that where a resolution authority exercises a power referred to in Article 59(2) and in points (e) to (i) of Article 63(1), the reduction of principal or outstanding amount due, conversion or cancellation takes effect and is immediately binding on the institution under resolution and affected creditors and shareholders.
2.   Member States shall ensure that the resolution authority shall have the power to complete or require the completion of all the administrative and procedural tasks necessary to give effect to the exercise of a power referred to in Article 59(2) and in points (e) to (i) of Article 63(1), including:
(a)
the amendment of all relevant registers;
(b)
the delisting or removal from trading of shares or other instruments of ownership or debt instruments;
(c)
the listing or admission to trading of new shares or other instruments of ownership;
(d)
the relisting or readmission of any debt instruments which have been written down, without the requirement for the issuing of a prospectus pursuant to Directive 2003/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
32
)
.
3.   Where a resolution authority reduces to zero the principal amount of, or outstanding amount payable in respect of, a liability by means of the power referred to in point (e) of Article 63(1), that liability and any obligations or claims arising in relation to it that are not accrued at the time when the power is exercised shall be treated as discharged for all purposes, and shall not be provable in any subsequent proceedings in relation to the institution under resolution or any successor entity in any subsequent winding up.
4.   Where a resolution authority reduces in part, but not in full, the principal amount of, or outstanding amount payable in respect of, a liability by means of the power referred to in point (e) of Article 63(1):
(a)
the liability shall be discharged to the extent of the amount reduced;
(b)
the relevant instrument or agreement that created the original liability shall continue to apply in relation to the residual principal amount of, or outstanding amount payable in respect of the liability, subject to any modification of the amount of interest payable to reflect the reduction of the principal amount, and any further modification of the terms that the resolution authority might make by means of the power referred to in point (j) of Article 63(1).
Article 54
Removal of procedural impediments to bail-in
1.   Without prejudice to point (i) of Article 63(1), Member States shall, where applicable, require institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) to maintain at all times a sufficient amount of authorised share capital or of other Common Equity Tier 1 instruments, so that, in the event that the resolution authority exercises the powers referred to in points (e) and (f) of Article 63(1) in relation to an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or any of its subsidiaries, the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is not prevented from issuing sufficient new shares or other instruments of ownership to ensure that the conversion of liabilities into shares or other instruments of ownership could be carried out effectively.
2.   Resolution authorities shall assess whether it is appropriate to impose the requirement laid down in paragraph 1 in the case of a particular institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in the context of the development and maintenance of the resolution plan for that institution or group, having regard, in particular, to the resolution actions contemplated in that plan. If the resolution plan provides for the possible application of the bail-in tool, authorities shall verify that the authorised share capital or other Common Equity Tier 1 instruments is sufficient to cover the sum of the amounts referred to in points (b) and (c) of Article 47(3).
3.   Member States shall ensure that there are no procedural impediments to the conversion of liabilities to shares or other instruments of ownership existing by virtue of their instruments of incorporation or statutes, including pre-emption rights for shareholders or requirements for the consent of shareholders to an increase in capital.
4.   This Article is without prejudice to the amendments to Directives 82/891/EEC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU and Directive 2012/30/EU set out in Title X of this Directive.
Article 55
Contractual recognition of bail-in
1.   Member States shall require institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) to include a contractual term by which the creditor or party to the agreement creating the liability recognises that liability may be subject to the write-down and conversion powers and agrees to be bound by any reduction of the principal or outstanding amount due, conversion or cancellation that is effected by the exercise of those powers by a resolution authority, provided that such liability is:
(a)
not excluded under Article 44(2);
(b)
not a deposit referred to in point (a) of Article 108;
(c)
governed by the law of a third country; and
(d)
issued or entered into after the date on which a Member State applies the provisions adopted in order to transpose this Section.
The first subparagraph shall not apply where the resolution authority of a Member State determines that the liabilities or instruments referred to in the first subparagraph can be subject to write down and conversion powers by the resolution authority of a Member State pursuant to the law of the third country or to a binding agreement concluded with that third country.
Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities may require institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) to provide authorities with a legal opinion relating to the legal enforceability and effectiveness of such a term.
2.   If an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) fails to include in the contractual provisions governing a relevant liability a term required in accordance paragraph 1, that failure shall not prevent the resolution authority from exercising the write down and conversion powers in relation to that liability.
3.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards in order to further determine the list of liabilities to which the exclusion in paragraph 1 applies, and the contents of the term required in that paragraph, taking into account banks’ different business models.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 56
Government financial stabilisation tools
1.   Member States may provide extraordinary public financial support through additional financial stabilisation tools in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, Article 37(10) and with Union State aid framework, for the purpose of participating in the resolution of an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), including by intervening directly in order to avoid its winding up, with a view to meeting the objectives for resolution referred to in Article 31(2) in relation to the Member State or the Union as a whole. Such an action shall be carried out under the leadership of the competent ministry or the government in close cooperation with the resolution authority.
2.   In order to give effect to the government financial stabilisation tools, Member States shall ensure that their competent ministries or governments have the relevant resolution powers specified in Articles 63 to 72, and shall ensure that Articles 66, 68, 83 and 117 apply.
3.   The government financial stabilisation tools shall be used as a last resort after having assessed and exploited the other resolution tools to the maximum extent practicable whilst maintaining financial stability, as determined by the competent ministry or the government after consulting the resolution authority.
4.   When applying the government financial stabilisation tools, Member States shall ensure that their competent ministries or governments and the resolution authority apply the tools only if all the conditions laid down in Article 32(1) as well as one of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the competent ministry or government and the resolution authority, after consulting the central bank and the competent authority, determine that the application of the resolution tools would not suffice to avoid a significant adverse effect on the financial system;
(b)
the competent ministry or government and the resolution authority determine that the application of the resolution tools would not suffice to protect the public interest, where extraordinary liquidity assistance from the central bank has previously been given to the institution;
(c)
in respect of the temporary public ownership tool, the competent ministry or government, after consulting the competent authority and the resolution authority, determines that the application of the resolution tools would not suffice to protect the public interest, where public equity support through the equity support tool has previously been given to the institution.
5.   The financial stabilisation tools shall consist of the following:
(a)
public equity support tool as referred to in Article 57;
(b)
temporary public ownership tool as referred to in Article 58.
Article 57
Public equity support tool
1.   Member States may, while complying with national company law, participate in the recapitalisation of an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive by providing capital to the latter in exchange for the following instruments, subject to the requirements of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013:
(a)
Common Equity Tier 1 instruments;
(b)
Additional Tier 1 instruments or Tier 2 instruments.
2.   Member States shall ensure, to the extent that their shareholding in an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) permits, that such institutions or entities subject to public equity support tool in accordance with this Article are managed on a commercial and professional basis.
3.   Where a Member State provides public equity support tool in accordance with this Article, it shall ensure that its holding in the institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is transferred to the private sector as soon as commercial and financial circumstances allow.
Article 58
Temporary public ownership tool
1.   Member States may take an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) into temporary public ownership.
2.   For that purpose a Member State may make one or more share transfer orders in which the transferee is:
(a)
a nominee of the Member State; or
(b)
a company wholly owned by the Member State.
3.   Member States shall ensure that institutions or entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) subject to the temporary public ownership tool in accordance with this Article are managed on a commercial and professional basis and that they are transferred to the private sector as soon as commercial and financial circumstances allow.
CHAPTER V
Write down of capital instruments
Article 59
Requirement to write down or convert capital instruments
1.   The power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments may be exercised either:
(a)
independently of resolution action; or
(b)
in combination with a resolution action, where the conditions for resolution specified in Articles 32 and 33 are met.
2.   Member States shall ensure that the resolution authorities have the power to write down or convert relevant capital instruments into shares or other instruments of ownership of institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1).
3.   Member States shall require that resolution authorities exercise the write down or conversion power, in accordance with Article 60 and without delay, in relation to relevant capital instruments issued by an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) when one or more of the following circumstances apply:
(a)
where the determination has been made that conditions for resolution specified in Articles 32 and 33 have been met, before any resolution action is taken;
(b)
the appropriate authority determines that unless that power is exercised in relation to the relevant capital instruments, the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) will no longer be viable;
(c)
in the case of relevant capital instruments issued by a subsidiary and where those capital instruments are recognised for the purposes of meeting own funds requirements on an individual and on a consolidated basis, the appropriate authority of the Member State of the consolidating supervisor and the appropriate authority of the Member State of the subsidiary make a joint determination taking the form of a joint decision in accordance with Article 92(3) and (4) that unless the write down or conversion power is exercised in relation to those instruments, the group will no longer be viable;
(d)
in the case of relevant capital instruments issued at the level of the parent undertaking and where those capital instruments are recognised for the purposes of meeting own funds requirements on an individual basis at the level of the parent undertaking or on a consolidated basis, and the appropriate authority of the Member State of the consolidating supervisor makes a determination that unless the write down or conversion power is exercised in relation to those instruments, the group will no longer be viable;
(e)
extraordinary public financial support is required by the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) except in any of the circumstances set out in point (d)(iii) of Article 32(4).
4.   For the purposes of paragraph 3, an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or a group shall be deemed to be no longer viable only if both of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or the group is failing or likely to fail;
(b)
having regard to timing and other relevant circumstances, there is no reasonable prospect that any action, including alternative private sector measures or supervisory action (including early intervention measures), other than the write down or conversion of capital instruments, independently or in combination with a resolution action, would prevent the failure of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or the group within a reasonable timeframe.
5.   For the purposes of point (a) of paragraph 4 of this Article, an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) shall be deemed to be failing or likely to fail where one or more of the circumstances set out in Article 32(4) occurs.
6.   For the purposes of point (a) of paragraph 4, a group shall be deemed to be failing or likely to fail where the group infringes or there are objective elements to support a determination that the group, in the near future, will infringe its consolidated prudential requirements in a way that would justify action by the competent authority including but not limited to because the group has incurred or is likely to incur losses that will deplete all or a significant amount of its own funds.
7.   A relevant capital instrument issued by a subsidiary shall not be written down to a greater extent or converted on worse terms pursuant to point (c) of paragraph 3 than equally ranked capital instruments at the level of the parent undertaking which have been written down or converted.
8.   Where an appropriate authority makes a determination referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, it shall immediately notify the resolution authority responsible for the institution or for the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in question, if different.
9.   Before making a determination referred to in point (c) of paragraph 3of this Article in relation to a subsidiary that issues relevant capital instruments that are recognised for the purposes of meeting the own funds requirements on an individual and on a consolidated basis, the appropriate authority shall comply with the notification and consultation requirements laid down in Article 62.
10.   Before exercising the power to write down or convert capital instruments, resolution authorities shall ensure that a valuation of the assets and liabilities of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is carried out in accordance with Article 36. That valuation shall form the basis of the calculation of the write down to be applied to the relevant capital instruments in order to absorb losses and the level of conversion to be applied to relevant capital instruments in order to recapitalise the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1).
Article 60
Provisions governing the write down or conversion of capital instruments
1.   When complying with the requirement laid down in Article 59, resolution authorities shall exercise the write down or conversion power in accordance with the priority of claims under normal insolvency proceedings, in a way that produces the following results:
(a)
Common Equity Tier 1 items are reduced first in proportion to the losses and to the extent of their capacity and the resolution authority takes one or both of the actions specified in Article 47(1) in respect of holders of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments;
(b)
the principal amount of Additional Tier 1 instruments is written down or converted into Common Equity Tier 1 instruments or both, to the extent required to achieve the resolution objectives set out in Article 31 or to the extent of the capacity of the relevant capital instruments, whichever is lower;
(c)
the principal amount of Tier 2 instruments is written down or converted into Common Equity Tier 1 instruments or both, to the extent required to achieve the resolution objectives set out in Article 31 or to the extent of the capacity of the relevant capital instruments, whichever is lower.
2.   Where the principal amount of a relevant capital instrument is written down:
(a)
the reduction of that principal amount shall be permanent, subject to any write up in accordance with the reimbursement mechanism in Article 46(3);
(b)
no liability to the holder of the relevant capital instrument shall remain under or in connection with that amount of the instrument, which has been written down, except for any liability already accrued, and any liability for damages that may arise as a result of an appeal challenging the legality of the exercise of the write-down power;
(c)
no compensation is paid to any holder of the relevant capital instruments other than in accordance with paragraph 3.
Point (b) shall not prevent the provision of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments to a holder of relevant capital instruments in accordance with paragraph 3.
3.   In order to effect a conversion of relevant capital instruments under point (b) of paragraph 1 of this Article, resolution authorities may require institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) to issue Common Equity Tier 1 instruments to the holders of the relevant capital instruments. Relevant capital instruments may only be converted where the following conditions are met:
(a)
those Common Equity Tier 1 instruments are issued by the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or by a parent undertaking of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), with the agreement of the resolution authority of the institution or the entity referred to in points (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or, where relevant, of the resolution authority of the parent undertaking;
(b)
those Common Equity Tier 1 instruments are issued prior to any issuance of shares or other instruments of ownership by that institution or that entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) for the purposes of provision of own funds by the State or a government entity;
(c)
those Common Equity Tier 1 instruments are awarded and transferred without delay following the exercise of the conversion power;
(d)
the conversion rate that determines the number of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments that are provided in respect of each relevant capital instrument complies with the principles set out in Article 50 and any guidelines developed by EBA pursuant to Article 50(4).
4.   For the purposes of the provision of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments in accordance with paragraph 3, resolution authorities may require institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) to maintain at all times the necessary prior authorisation to issue the relevant number of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments.
5.   Where an institution meets the conditions for resolution and the resolution authority decides to apply a resolution tool to that institution, the resolution authority shall comply with the requirement laid down in Article 59(3) before applying the resolution tool.
Article 61
Authorities responsible for determination
1.   Member States shall ensure that the authorities responsible for making the determinations referred to in Article 59(3) are those set out in this Article.
2.   Each Member State shall designate in national law the appropriate authority which shall be responsible for making determinations pursuant to Article 59. The appropriate authority may be the competent authority or the resolution authority, in accordance with Article 32.
3.   Where the relevant capital instruments are recognised for the purposes of meeting the own funds requirements in accordance with Article 92 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on an individual basis, the authority responsible for making the determination referred to in Article 59(3) of this Directive shall be the appropriate authority of the Member State where the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) has been authorised in accordance with Title III of Directive 2013/36/EU.
4.   Where relevant capital instruments are issued by an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that is a subsidiary and are recognised for the purposes of meeting the own funds requirements on an individual and on a consolidated basis, the authority responsible for making the determinations referred to in Articles 59(3) shall be the following:
(a)
the appropriate authority of the Member State where the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive that issued those instruments has been established in accordance with Title III of Directive 2013/36/EU shall be responsible for making the determinations referred to in (b) of Article 59(3) of this Directive;
(b)
the appropriate authority of the Member State of the consolidating supervisor and the appropriate authority of the Member State where the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive that issued those instruments has been established in accordance with Title III of Directive 2013/36/EU shall be responsible for making the joint determination taking the form of a joint decision referred to in point (c) of Article 59(3) of this Directive.
Article 62
Consolidated application: procedure for determination
1.   Member States shall ensure that, before making a determination referred to in point (b), (c), (d) or (e) of Article 59(3) in relation to a subsidiary that issues relevant capital instruments that are recognised for the purposes of meeting the own funds requirements on an individual and a consolidated basis, appropriate authorities comply with the following requirements:
(a)
an appropriate authority that is considering whether to make a determination referred to in point (b), (c), (d) or (e) of Article 59(3) notifies, without delay, the consolidating supervisor and, if different, the appropriate authority in the Member State where the consolidating supervisor is located;
(b)
an appropriate authority that is considering whether to make a determination referred to in point (c) of Article 59(3) notifies, without delay, the competent authority responsible for each institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that has issued the relevant capital instruments in relation to which the write down or conversion power is to be exercised if that determination were made, and, if different, the appropriate authorities in the Member States where those competent authorities and the consolidating supervisor are located.
2.   When making a determination referred to in point (c), (d) or (e) of Article 59(3) in the case of an institution or of a group with cross-border activity, the appropriate authorities shall take into account the potential impact of the resolution in all the Member States where the institution or the group operate.
3.   An appropriate authority shall accompany a notification made pursuant to paragraph 1 with an explanation of the reasons why it is considering making the determination in question.
4.   Where a notification has been made pursuant to paragraph 1, the appropriate authority, after consulting the authorities notified, shall assess the following matters:
(a)
whether an alternative measure to the exercise of the write down or conversion power in accordance with Article 59(3) is available;
(b)
if such an alternative measure is available, whether it can feasibly be applied;
(c)
if such an alternative measure could feasibly be applied, whether there is a realistic prospect that it would address, in an adequate timeframe, the circumstances that would otherwise require a determination referred to in Article 59(3) to be made.
5.   For the purposes of paragraph 4 of this Article, alternative measures mean early intervention measures referred to in Article 27 of this Directive, measures referred to in Article 104(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU or a transfer of funds or capital from the parent undertaking.
6.   Where, pursuant to paragraph 4, the appropriate authority, after consulting the notified authorities, assesses that one or more alternative measures are available, can feasibly be applied and would deliver the outcome referred to in point (c) of that paragraph, it shall ensure that those measures are applied.
7.   Where, in a case referred to in point (a) of paragraph 1, and pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article, the appropriate authority, after consulting the notified authorities, assesses that no alternative measures are available that would deliver the outcome referred to in point (c) of paragraph 4, the appropriate authority shall decide whether the determination referred to in Article 59(3) under consideration is appropriate.
8.   Where an appropriate authority decides to make a determination under point (c) of Article 59(3), it shall immediately notify the appropriate authorities of the Member States in which the affected subsidiaries are located and the determination shall take the form of a joint decision as set out in Article 92(3) and (4). In the absence of a joint decision no determination under point (c) of Article 59(3) shall be made.
9.   The resolution authorities of the Member States where each of the affected subsidiaries are located shall promptly implement a decision to write down or convert capital instruments made in accordance with this Article having due regard to the urgency of the circumstances.
CHAPTER VI
Resolution powers
Article 63
General powers
1.   Member States shall ensure that the resolution authorities have all the powers necessary to apply the resolution tools to institutions and to entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) that meet the applicable conditions for resolution. In particular, the resolution authorities shall have the following resolution powers, which they may exercise individually or in any combination:
(a)
the power to require any person to provide any information required for the resolution authority to decide upon and prepare a resolution action, including updates and supplements of information provided in the resolution plans and including requiring information to be provided through on-site inspections;
(b)
the power to take control of an institution under resolution and exercise all the rights and powers conferred upon the shareholders, other owners and the management body of the institution under resolution;
(c)
the power to transfer shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution;
(d)
the power to transfer to another entity, with the consent of that entity, rights, assets or liabilities of an institution under resolution;
(e)
the power to reduce, including to reduce to zero, the principal amount of or outstanding amount due in respect of eligible liabilities, of an institution under resolution;
(f)
the power to convert eligible liabilities of an institution under resolution into ordinary shares or other instruments of ownership of that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), a relevant parent institution or a bridge institution to which assets, rights or liabilities of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) are transferred;
(g)
the power to cancel debt instruments issued by an institution under resolution except for secured liabilities subject to Article 44(2);
(h)
the power to reduce, including to reduce to zero, the nominal amount of shares or other instruments of ownership of an institution under resolution and to cancel such shares or other instruments of ownership;
(i)
the power to require an institution under resolution or a relevant parent institution to issue new shares or other instruments of ownership or other capital instruments, including preference shares and contingent convertible instruments;
(j)
the power to amend or alter the maturity of debt instruments and other eligible liabilities issued by an institution under resolution or amend the amount of interest payable under such instruments and other eligible liabilities, or the date on which the interest becomes payable, including by suspending payment for a temporary period, except for secured liabilities subject to Article 44(2);
(k)
the power to close out and terminate financial contracts or derivatives contracts for the purposes of applying Article 49;
(l)
the power to remove or replace the management body and senior management of an institution under resolution;
(m)
the power to require the competent authority to assess the buyer of a qualifying holding in a timely manner by way of derogation from the time-limits laid down in Article 22 of Directive 2013/36/EU and Article 12 of Directive 2014/65/EU.
2.   Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that, when applying the resolution tools and exercising the resolution powers, resolution authorities are not subject to any of the following requirements that would otherwise apply by virtue of national law or contract or otherwise:
(a)
subject to Article 3(6) and Article 85(1), requirements to obtain approval or consent from any person either public or private, including the shareholders or creditors of the institution under resolution;
(b)
prior to the exercise of the power, procedural requirements to notify any person including any requirement to publish any notice or prospectus or to file or register any document with any other authority.
In particular, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities can exercise the powers under this Article irrespective of any restriction on, or requirement for consent for, transfer of the financial instruments, rights, assets or liabilities in question that might otherwise apply.
Point (b) of the first subparagraph is without prejudice to the requirements laid down in Articles 81 and 83 and any notification requirements under the Union State aid framework.
3.   Member States shall ensure that, to the extent that any of the powers listed in paragraph 1 of this Article is not applicable to an entity within the scope of Article 1(1) of this Directive as a result of its specific legal form, resolution authorities shall have powers which are as similar as possible including in terms of their effects.
4.   Member States shall ensure that, when resolution authorities exercise the powers pursuant to paragraph 3 the safeguards provided for in this Directive, or safeguards that deliver the same effect, shall be applied to the persons affected, including shareholders, creditors and counterparties.
Article 64
Ancillary powers
1.   Member States shall ensure that, when exercising a resolution power, resolution authorities have the power to:
(a)
subject to Article 78, provide for a transfer to take effect free from any liability or encumbrance affecting the financial instruments, rights, assets or liabilities transferred; for that purpose, any right of compensation in accordance with this Directive shall not be considered to be a liability or an encumbrance;
(b)
remove rights to acquire further shares or other instruments of ownership;
(c)
require the relevant authority to discontinue or suspend the admission to trading on a regulated market or the official listing of financial instruments pursuant to Directive 2001/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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;
(d)
provide for the recipient to be treated as if it were the institution under resolution for the purposes of any rights or obligations of, or actions taken by, the institution under resolution, including, subject to Articles 38 and 40, any rights or obligations relating to participation in a market infrastructure;
(e)
require the institution under resolution or the recipient to provide the other with information and assistance; and
(f)
cancel or modify the terms of a contract to which the institution under resolution is a party or substitute a recipient as a party.
2.   Resolution authorities shall exercise the powers specified in paragraph 1 where it is considered by the resolution authority to be appropriate to help to ensure that a resolution action is effective or to achieve one or more resolution objectives.
3.   Member States shall ensure that, when exercising a resolution power, resolution authorities have the power to provide for continuity arrangements necessary to ensure that the resolution action is effective and, where relevant, the business transferred may be operated by the recipient. Such continuity arrangements shall include, in particular:
(a)
the continuity of contracts entered into by the institution under resolution, so that the recipient assumes the rights and liabilities of the institution under resolution relating to any financial instrument, right, asset or liability that has been transferred and is substituted for the institution under resolution, expressly or implicitly in all relevant contractual documents;
(b)
the substitution of the recipient for the institution under resolution in any legal proceedings relating to any financial instrument, right, asset or liability that has been transferred.
4.   The powers in point (d) of paragraph 1 and point (b) of paragraph 3 shall not affect the following:
(a)
the right of an employee of the institution under resolution to terminate a contract of employment;
(b)
subject to Articles 69, 70 and 71, any right of a party to a contract to exercise rights under the contract, including the right to terminate, where entitled to do so in accordance with the terms of the contract by virtue of an act or omission by the institution under resolution prior to the relevant transfer, or by the recipient after the relevant transfer.
Article 65
Power to require the provision of services and facilities
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to require an institution under resolution, or any of its group entities, to provide any services or facilities that are necessary to enable a recipient to operate effectively the business transferred to it.
The first subparagraph shall apply including where the institution under resolution or relevant group entity has entered into normal insolvency proceedings.
2.   Member States shall ensure that their resolution authorities have powers to enforce obligations imposed, pursuant to paragraph 1, on group entities established in their territory by resolution authorities in other Member States.
3.   The services and facilities referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 are restricted to operational services and facilities and do not include any form of financial support.
4.   The services and facilities provided in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be on the following terms:
(a)
where the services and facilities were provided under an agreement to the institution under resolution immediately before the resolution action was taken and for the duration of that agreement, on the same terms;
(b)
where there is no agreement or where the agreement has expired, on reasonable terms.
5.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify the minimum list of services or facilities that are necessary to enable a recipient to effectively operate a business transferred to it.
Article 66
Power to enforce crisis management measures or crisis prevention measures by other Member States
1.   Member States shall ensure that, where a transfer of shares, other instruments of ownership, or assets, rights or liabilities includes assets that are located in a Member State other than the State of the resolution authority or rights or liabilities under the law of a Member State other than the State of the resolution authority, the transfer has effect in or under the law of that other Member State.
2.   Member States shall provide the resolution authority that has made or intends to make the transfer with all reasonable assistance to ensure that the shares or other instruments of ownership or assets, rights or liabilities are transferred to the recipient in accordance with any applicable requirements of national law.
3.   Member States shall ensure that shareholders, creditors and third parties that are affected by the transfer of shares, other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities referred to in paragraph 1 are not entitled to prevent, challenge, or set aside the transfer under any provision of law of the Member State where the assets are located or of the law governing the shares, other instruments of ownership, rights or liabilities.
4.   Where a resolution authority of a Member State (Member State A) exercises the write-down or conversion powers, including in relation to capital instruments in accordance with Article 59, and the eligible liabilities or relevant capital instruments of the institution under resolution include the following:
(a)
instruments or liabilities that are governed by the law of a Member State other than the State of the resolution authority that exercised the write down or conversion powers (Member State B);
(b)
liabilities owed to creditors located in Member State B.
Member State B shall ensure that the principal amount of those liabilities or instruments is reduced, or liabilities or instruments are converted, in accordance with the exercise of the write-down or conversion powers by the resolution authority of Member State A,
5.   Member States shall ensure that creditors that are affected by the exercise of write-down or conversion powers referred to in paragraph 4 are not entitled to challenge the reduction of the principal amount of the instrument or liability or its conversion, as the case may be, under any provision of law of Member State B.
6.   Each Member State shall ensure that the following are determined in accordance with the law of the Member State of the resolution authority:
(a)
the right for shareholders, creditors and third parties to challenge, by way of appeal pursuant to Article 85, a transfer of shares, other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article;
(b)
the right for creditors to challenge, by way of appeal pursuant to Article 85, the reduction of the principal amount, or the conversion, of an instrument or liability covered by points (a) or (b) of paragraph 4 of this Article;
(c)
the safeguards for partial transfers, as referred to in Chapter VII, in relation to assets, rights or liabilities referred to in paragraph 1.
Article 67
Power in respect of assets, rights, liabilities, shares and other instruments of ownership located in third countries
1.   Member States shall provide that, in cases in which resolution action involves action taken in respect of assets located in a third country or shares, other instruments of ownership, rights or liabilities governed by the law of a third country, resolution authorities may require that:
(a)
the administrator, receiver or other person exercising control of the institution under resolution and the recipient take all necessary steps to ensure that the transfer, write down, conversion or action becomes effective;
(b)
the administrator, receiver or other person exercising control of the institution under resolution hold the shares, other instruments of ownership, assets or rights or discharge the liabilities on behalf of the recipient until the transfer, write down, conversion or action becomes effective;
(c)
the reasonable expenses of the recipient properly incurred in carrying out any action required under points (a) and (b) of this paragraph are met in any of the ways referred to in Article 37(7).
2.   Where the resolution authority assesses that, in spite of all the necessary steps taken by the administrator, receiver or other person in accordance with paragraph 1(a), it is highly unlikely that the transfer, conversion or action will become effective in relation to certain assets located in a third country or certain shares, other instruments of ownership, rights or liabilities under the law of a third country, the resolution authority shall not proceed with the transfer, write down, conversion or action. If it has already ordered the transfer, write down, conversion or action, that order shall be void in relation to the assets, shares, instruments of ownership, rights or liabilities concerned.
Article 68
Exclusion of certain contractual terms in early intervention and resolution
1.   A crisis prevention measure or a crisis management measure taken in relation to an entity in accordance with this Directive, including the occurrence of any event directly linked to the application of such a measure, shall not, per se, under a contract entered into by the entity, be deemed to be an enforcement event within the meaning of Directive 2002/47/EC or as insolvency proceedings within the meaning of Directive 98/26/EC provided that the substantive obligations under the contract, including payment and delivery obligations and the provision of collateral, continue to be performed.
In addition, a crisis prevention measure or crisis management measure shall not, per se, be deemed to be an enforcement event or insolvency proceedings under a contract entered into by:
(a)
a subsidiary, the obligations under which are guaranteed or otherwise supported by the parent undertaking or by any group entity; or
(b)
any entity of a group which includes cross-default provisions.
2.   Where third country resolution proceedings are recognised pursuant to Article 94, or otherwise where a resolution authority so decides, such proceedings shall for the purposes of this Article constitute a crisis management measure.
3.   Provided that the substantive obligations under the contract, including payment and delivery obligations, and provision of collateral, continue to be performed, a crisis prevention measure or a crisis management measure, including the occurrence of any event directly linked to the application of such a measure, shall not, per se, make it possible for anyone to:
(a)
exercise any termination, suspension, modification, netting or set-off rights, including in relation to a contract entered into by:
(i)
a subsidiary, the obligations under which are guaranteed or otherwise supported by a group entity;
(ii)
any group entity which includes cross-default provisions;
(b)
obtain possession, exercise control or enforce any security over any property of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) concerned or any group entity in relation to a contract which includes cross-default provisions;
(c)
affect any contractual rights of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) concerned or any group entity in relation to a contract which includes cross-default provisions.
4.   This Article shall not affect the right of a person to take an action referred to in paragraph 3 where that right arises by virtue of an event other than the crisis prevention measure, the crisis management measure or the occurrence of any event directly linked to the application of such a measure.
5.   A suspension or restriction under Article 69, 70 or 71 shall not constitute non-performance of a contractual obligation for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.
6.   The provisions contained in this Article shall be considered to be overriding mandatory provisions within the meaning of Article 9 of Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council 
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.
Article 69
Power to suspend certain obligations
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to suspend any payment or delivery obligations pursuant to any contract to which an institution under resolution is a party from the publication of a notice of the suspension in accordance with Article 83(4) until midnight in the Member State of the resolution authority of the institution under resolution at the end of the business day following that publication.
2.   When a payment or delivery obligation would have been due during the suspension period the payment or delivery obligation shall be due immediately upon expiry of the suspension period.
3.   If an institution under resolution’s payment or delivery obligations under a contract are suspended under paragraph 1, the payment or delivery obligations of the institution under resolution’s counterparties under that contract shall be suspended for the same period of time.
4.   Any suspension under paragraph 1 shall not apply to:
(a)
eligible deposits;
(b)
payment and delivery obligations owed to systems or operators of systems designated for the purposes of Directive 98/26/EC, central counterparties, and central banks;
(c)
eligible claims for the purpose of Directive 97/9/EC.
5.   When exercising a power under this Article, resolution authorities shall have regard to the impact the exercise of that power might have on the orderly functioning of financial markets.
Article 70
Power to restrict the enforcement of security interests
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to restrict secured creditors of an institution under resolution from enforcing security interests in relation to any assets of that institution under resolution from the publication of a notice of the restriction in accordance with Article 83(4) until midnight in the Member State of the resolution authority of the institution under resolution at the end of the business day following that publication.
2.   Resolution authorities shall not exercise the power referred to in paragraph 1 in relation to any security interest of systems or operators of systems designated for the purposes of Directive 98/26/EC, central counterparties, and central banks over assets pledged or provided by way of margin or collateral by the institution under resolution.
3.   Where Article 80 applies, resolution authorities shall ensure that any restrictions imposed pursuant to the power referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article are consistent for all group entities in relation to which a resolution action is taken.
4.   When exercising a power under this Article, resolution authorities shall have regard to the impact the exercise of that power might have on the orderly functioning of financial markets.
Article 71
Power to temporarily suspend termination rights
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to suspend the termination rights of any party to a contract with an institution under resolution from the publication of the notice pursuant to Article 83(4) until midnight in the Member State of the resolution authority of the institution under resolution at the end of the business day following that publication, provided that the payment and delivery obligations and the provision of collateral continue to be performed.
2.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the power to suspend the termination rights of any party to a contract with a subsidiary of an institution under resolution where:
(a)
the obligations under that contract are guaranteed or are otherwise supported by the institution under resolution;
(b)
the termination rights under that contract are based solely on the insolvency or financial condition of the institution under resolution; and
(c)
in the case of a transfer power that has been or may be exercised in relation to the institution under resolution, either:
(i)
all the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary relating to that contract have been or may be transferred to and assumed by the recipient; or
(ii)
the resolution authority provides in any other way adequate protection for such obligations.
The suspension shall take effect from the publication of the notice pursuant to Article 83(4) until midnight in the Member State where the subsidiary of the institution under resolution is established on the business day following that publication.
3.   Any suspension under paragraph 1 or 2 shall not apply to systems or operators of systems designated for the purposes of Directive 98/26/EC, central counterparties, or central banks.
4.   A person may exercise a termination right under a contract before the end of the period referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 if that person receives notice from the resolution authority that the rights and liabilities covered by the contract shall not be:
(a)
transferred to another entity; or
(b)
subject to write down or conversion on the application of the bail-in tool in accordance with point (a) of Article 43(2).
5.   Where a resolution authority exercises the power specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article to suspend termination rights, and where no notice has been given pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article, those rights may be exercised on the expiry of the period of suspension, subject to Article 68, as follows:
(a)
if the rights and liabilities covered by the contract have been transferred to another entity, a counterparty may exercise termination rights in accordance with the terms of that contract only on the occurrence of any continuing or subsequent enforcement event by the recipient entity;
(b)
if the rights and liabilities covered by the contract remain with the institution under resolution and the resolution authority has not applied the bail-in tool in accordance with Article 43(2)(a)to that contract, a counterparty may exercise termination rights in accordance with the terms of that contract on the expiry of a suspension under paragraph 1.
6.   When exercising a power under this Article, resolution authorities shall have regard to the impact the exercise of that power might have on the orderly functioning of the financial markets.
7.   Competent authorities or resolution authorities may require an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to maintain detailed records of financial contracts.
Upon the request of a competent authority or a resolution authority, a trade repository shall make the necessary information available to competent authorities or resolution authorities to enable them to fulfil their respective responsibilities and mandates in accordance with Article 81 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012.
8.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying the following elements for the purposes of paragraph 7:
(a)
a minimum set of the information on financial contracts that should be contained in the detailed records; and
(b)
the circumstances in which the requirement should be imposed.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 72
Exercise of the resolution powers
1.   Member States shall ensure that, in order to take a resolution action, resolution authorities are able to exercise control over the institution under resolution, so as to:
(a)
operate and conduct the activities and services of the institution under resolution with all the powers of its shareholders and management body; and
(b)
manage and dispose of the assets and property of the institution under resolution.
The control referred to in the first subparagraph may be exercised directly by the resolution authority or indirectly by a person or persons appointed by the resolution authority. Member States shall ensure that voting rights conferred by shares or other instruments of ownership of the institution under resolution cannot be exercised during the period of resolution.
2.   Subject to Article 85(1), Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities are able to take a resolution action through executive order in accordance with national administrative competences and procedures, without exercising control over the institution under resolution.
3.   Resolution authorities shall decide in each particular case whether it is appropriate to carry out the resolution action through the means specified in paragraph 1 or in paragraph 2, having regard to the resolution objectives and the general principles governing resolution, the specific circumstances of the institution under resolution in question and the need to facilitate the effective resolution of cross-border groups.
4.   Resolution authorities shall not be deemed to be shadow directors or de facto directors under national law.
CHAPTER VII
Safeguards
Article 73
Treatment of shareholders and creditors in the case of partial transfers and application of the bail-in tool
Member States shall ensure that, where one or more resolution tools have been applied and, in particular for the purposes of Article 75:
(a)
except where point (b) applies, where resolution authorities transfer only parts of the rights, assets and liabilities of the institution under resolution, the shareholders and those creditors whose claims have not been transferred, receive in satisfaction of their claims at least as much as what they would have received if the institution under resolution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings at the time when the decision referred to in Article 82 was taken;
(b)
where resolution authorities apply the bail-in tool, the shareholders and creditors whose claims have been written down or converted to equity do not incur greater losses than they would have incurred if the institution under resolution had been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings immediately at the time when the decision referred to in Article 82 was taken.
Article 74
Valuation of difference in treatment
1.   For the purposes of assessing whether shareholders and creditors would have received better treatment if the institution under resolution had entered into normal insolvency proceedings, including but not limited to for the purpose of Article 73, Member States shall ensure that a valuation is carried out by an independent person as soon as possible after the resolution action or actions have been effected. That valuation shall be distinct from the valuation carried out under Article 36.
2.   The valuation in paragraph 1 shall determine:
(a)
the treatment that shareholders and creditors, or the relevant deposit guarantee schemes, would have received if the institution under resolution with respect to which the resolution action or actions have been effected had entered normal insolvency proceedings at the time when the decision referred to in Article 82 was taken;
(b)
the actual treatment that shareholders and creditors have received, in the resolution of the institution under resolution; and
(c)
if there is any difference between the treatment referred to in point (a) and the treatment referred to in point (b).
3.   The valuation shall:
(a)
assume that the institution under resolution with respect to which the resolution action or actions have been effected, would have entered normal insolvency proceedings at the time when the decision referred to in Article 82 was taken;
(b)
assume that the resolution action or actions had not been effected;
(c)
disregard any provision of extraordinary public financial support to the institution under resolution.
4.   EBA may develop draft regulatory technical standards specifying the methodology for carrying out the valuation in this Article, in particular the methodology for assessing the treatment that shareholders and creditors would have received if the institution under resolution had entered insolvency proceedings at the time when the decision referred to in Article 82 was taken.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 75
Safeguard for shareholders and creditors
Member States shall ensure that if the valuation carried out under Article 74 determines that any shareholder or creditor referred to in Article 73, or the deposit guarantee scheme in accordance with Article 109(1), has incurred greater losses than it would have incurred in a winding up under normal insolvency proceedings, it is entitled to the payment of the difference from the resolution financing arrangements.
Article 76
Safeguard for counterparties in partial transfers
1.   Member States shall ensure that the protections specified in paragraph 2 apply in the following circumstances:
(a)
a resolution authority transfers some but not all of the assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution to another entity or, in the exercise of a resolution tool, from a bridge institution or asset management vehicle to another person;
(b)
a resolution authority exercises the powers specified in point (f) of Article 64(1).
2.   Member States shall ensure appropriate protection of the following arrangements and of the counterparties to the following arrangements:
(a)
security arrangements, under which a person has by way of security an actual or contingent interest in the assets or rights that are subject to transfer, irrespective of whether that interest is secured by specific assets or rights or by way of a floating charge or similar arrangement;
(b)
title transfer financial collateral arrangements under which collateral to secure or cover the performance of specified obligations is provided by a transfer of full ownership of assets from the collateral provider to the collateral taker, on terms providing for the collateral taker to transfer assets if those specified obligations are performed;
(c)
set-off arrangements under which two or more claims or obligations owed between the institution under resolution and a counterparty can be set off against each other;
(d)
netting arrangements;
(e)
covered bonds;
(f)
structured finance arrangements, including securitisations and instruments used for hedging purposes which form an integral part of the cover pool and which according to national law are secured in a way similar to the covered bonds, which involve the granting and holding of security by a party to the arrangement or a trustee, agent or nominee.
The form of protection that is appropriate, for the classes of arrangements specified in points (a) to (f) of this paragraph is further specified in Articles 77 to 80, and shall be subject to the restrictions specified in Articles 68 to 71.
3.   The requirement under paragraph 2 applies irrespective of the number of parties involved in the arrangements and of whether the arrangements:
(a)
are created by contract, trusts or other means, or arise automatically by operation of law;
(b)
arise under or are governed in whole or in part by the law of another Member State or of a third country.
4.   The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 further specifying the classes of arrangement that fall within the scope of points (a) to (f) of paragraph 2 of this Article.
Article 77
Protection for financial collateral, set off and netting agreements
1.   Member States shall ensure that there is appropriate protection for title transfer financial collateral arrangements and set-off and netting arrangements so as to prevent the transfer of some, but not all, of the rights and liabilities that are protected under a title transfer financial collateral arrangement, a set-off arrangement or a netting arrangement between the institution under resolution and another person and the modification or termination of rights and liabilities that are protected under such a title transfer financial collateral arrangement, a set-off arrangement or a netting arrangement through the use of ancillary powers.
For the purposes of the first subparagraph, rights and liabilities are to be treated as protected under such an arrangement if the parties to the arrangement are entitled to set-off or net those rights and liabilities.
2.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, where necessary in order to ensure availability of the covered deposits the resolution authority may:
(a)
transfer covered deposits which are part of any of the arrangements mentioned in paragraph 1 without transferring other assets, rights or liabilities that are part of the same arrangement; and
(b)
transfer, modify or terminate those assets, rights or liabilities without transferring the covered deposits.
Article 78
Protection for security arrangements
1.   Member States shall ensure that there is appropriate protection for liabilities secured under a security arrangement so as to prevent one of the following:
(a)
the transfer of assets against which the liability is secured unless that liability and benefit of the security are also transferred;
(b)
the transfer of a secured liability unless the benefit of the security are also transferred;
(c)
the transfer of the benefit of the security unless the secured liability is also transferred; or
(d)
the modification or termination of a security arrangement through the use of ancillary powers, if the effect of that modification or termination is that the liability ceases to be secured.
2.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, where necessary in order to ensure availability of the covered deposits the resolution authority may:
(a)
transfer covered deposits which are part of any of the arrangements mentioned in paragraph 1 without transferring other assets, rights or liabilities that are part of the same arrangement; and
(b)
transfer, modify or terminate those assets, rights or liabilities without transferring the covered deposits
Article 79
Protection for structured finance arrangements and covered bonds
1.   Member States shall ensure that there is appropriate protection for structured finance arrangements including arrangements referred to in points (e) and (f) of Article 76(2) so as to prevent either of the following:
(a)
the transfer of some, but not all, of the assets, rights and liabilities which constitute or form part of a structured finance arrangement, including arrangements referred to in points (e) and (f) of Article 76(2), to which the institution under resolution is a party;
(b)
the termination or modification through the use of ancillary powers of the assets, rights and liabilities which constitute or form part of a structured finance arrangement, including arrangements referred to in points (e) and (f) of Article 76(2), to which the institution under resolution is a party.
2.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, where necessary in order to ensure availability of the covered deposits the resolution authority may:
(a)
transfer covered deposits which are part of any of the arrangements mentioned in paragraph 1 without transferring other assets, rights or liabilities that are part of the same arrangement, and
(b)
transfer, modify or terminate those assets, rights or liabilities without transferring the covered deposits.
Article 80
Partial transfers: protection of trading, clearing and settlement systems
1.   Member States shall ensure that the application of a resolution tool does not affect the operation of systems and rules of systems covered by Directive 98/26/EC, where the resolution authority:
(a)
transfers some but not all of the assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution to another entity; or
(b)
uses powers under Article 64 to cancel or amend the terms of a contract to which the institution under resolution is a party or to substitute a recipient as a party.
2.   In particular, a transfer, cancellation or amendment as referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not revoke a transfer order in contravention of Article 5 of Directive 98/26/EC; and shall not modify or negate the enforceability of transfer orders and netting as required by Articles 3 and 5 of that Directive, the use of funds, securities or credit facilities as required by Article 4 thereof or protection of collateral security as required by Article 9 thereof.
CHAPTER VIII
Procedural obligations
Article 81
Notification requirements
1.   Member States shall require the management body of an institution or any entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to notify the competent authority where they consider that the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is failing or likely to fail, within the meaning specified in Article 32(4).
2.   Competent authorities shall inform the relevant resolution authorities of any notifications received under paragraph 1 of this Article, and of any crisis prevention measures, or any actions referred to in Article 104 of Directive 2013/36/EU they require an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive to take.
3.   Where a competent authority or resolution authority determines that the conditions referred to in points (a) and (b) of Article 32(1) are met in relation to an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), it shall communicate that determination without delay to the following authorities, if different:
(a)
the resolution authority for that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(b)
the competent authority for that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(c)
the competent authority of any branch of that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(d)
the resolution authority of any branch of that institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1, (1)
(e)
the central bank;
(f)
the deposit guarantee scheme to which a credit institution is affiliated where necessary to enable the functions of the deposit guarantee scheme to be discharged;
(g)
the body in charge of the resolution financing arrangements where necessary to enable the functions of the resolution financing arrangements to be discharged;
(h)
where applicable, the group-level resolution authority;
(i)
the competent ministry;
(j)
where the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) of this Directive is subject to supervision on consolidated basis under Chapter 3 of Title VII of Directive 2013/36/EU, the consolidating supervisor; and
(k)
the ESRB and the designated national macro-prudential authority.
4.   Where the transmission of information referred to in paragraphs 3(f) and 3(g) does not guarantee the appropriate level of confidentiality, the competent authority or resolution authority shall establish alternative communication procedures that achieve the same objectives while ensuring the appropriate level of confidentiality.
Article 82
Decision of the resolution authority
1.   On receiving a communication from the competent authority pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 81, or on its own initiative, the resolution authority shall determine, in accordance with Article 32(1) and Article 33, whether the conditions of that paragraph are met in respect of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in question.
2.   A decision whether or not to take resolution action in relation to an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) shall contain the following information:
(a)
the reasons for that decision, including the determination that the institution meets or does not meet the conditions for resolution;
(b)
the action that the resolution authority intends to take including, where appropriate, the determination to apply for winding up, the appointment of an administrator or any other measure under applicable normal insolvency proceedings or, subject to Article 37(9), under national law.
3.   EBA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards in order to specify the procedures and contents relating to the following requirements:
(a)
the notifications referred to in Article 81(1), (2) and (3);
(b)
the notice of suspension referred to in Article 83.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 83
Procedural obligations of resolution authorities
1.   Member States shall ensure that, as soon as reasonably practicable after taking a resolution action, resolution authorities comply with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4.
2.   The resolution authority shall notify the institution under resolution and the following authorities, if different:
(a)
the competent authority for the institution under resolution;
(b)
the competent authority of any branch of the institution under resolution;
(c)
the central bank;
(d)
the deposit guarantee scheme to which the credit institution under resolution is affiliated;
(e)
the body in charge of the resolution financing arrangements;
(f)
where applicable, the group-level resolution authority;
(g)
the competent ministry;
(h)
where the institution under resolution is subject to supervision on a consolidated basis under Chapter 3 of Title VII of Directive 2013/36/EU, the consolidating supervisor;
(i)
the designated national macroprudential authority and the ESRB;
(j)
the Commission, the European Central Bank, ESMA, the European Supervisory Authority (European Investment and Occupational Pensions Authority) (‘EIOPA’) established by Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and EBA;
(k)
where the institution under resolution is an institution as defined in Article 2(b) of Directive 98/26/EC, the operators of the systems in which it participates.
3.   The notification referred to in paragraph 2 shall include a copy of any order or instrument by which the relevant powers are exercised and indicate the date from which the resolution action or actions are effective.
4.   The resolution authority shall publish or ensure the publication of a copy of the order or instrument by which the resolution action is taken, or a notice summarising the effects of the resolution action, and in particular the effects on retail customers and, if applicable, the terms and period of suspension or restriction referred to in Articles 69, 70 and 71, by the following means:
(a)
on its official website;
(b)
on the website of the competent authority, if different from the resolution authority, and on the website of EBA;
(c)
on the website of the institution under resolution;
(d)
where the shares, other instruments of ownership or debt instruments of the institution under resolution are admitted to trading on a regulated market, the means used for the disclosure of regulated information concerning the institution under resolution in accordance with Article 21(1) of Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 
(
35
)
.
5.   If the shares, instruments of ownership or debt instruments are not admitted to trading on a regulated market, the resolution authority shall ensure that the documents providing proof of the instruments referred to in paragraph 4 are sent to the shareholders and creditors of the institution under resolution that are known through the registers or databases of the institution under resolution which are available to the resolution authority.
Article 84
Confidentiality
1.   The requirements of professional secrecy shall be binding in respect of the following persons:
(a)
resolution authorities;
(b)
competent authorities and EBA;
(c)
competent ministries;
(d)
special managers or temporary administrators appointed under this Directive;
(e)
potential acquirers that are contacted by the competent authorities or solicited by the resolution authorities, irrespective of whether that contact or solicitation was made as preparation for the use of the sale of business tool, and irrespective of whether the solicitation resulted in an acquisition;
(f)
auditors, accountants, legal and professional advisors, valuers and other experts directly or indirectly engaged by the resolution authorities, competent authorities, competent ministries or by the potential acquirers referred to in point (e);
(g)
bodies which administer deposit guarantee schemes;
(h)
bodies which administer investor compensation schemes;
(i)
the body in charge of the resolution financing arrangements;
(j)
central banks and other authorities involved in the resolution process;
(k)
a bridge institution or an asset management vehicle;
(l)
any other persons who provide or have provided services directly or indirectly, permanently or occasionally, to persons referred to in points (a) to (k);
(m)
senior management, members of the management body, and employees of the bodies or entities referred to in points (a) to (k) before, during and after their appointment.
2.   With a view to ensuring that the confidentiality requirements laid down in paragraphs 1 and 3 are complied with, the persons in points (a), (b), (c), (g), (h), (j) and (k) of paragraph 1 shall ensure that there are internal rules in place, including rules to secure secrecy of information between persons directly involved in the resolution process.
3.   Without prejudice to the generality of the requirements under paragraph 1, the persons referred to in that paragraph shall be prohibited from disclosing confidential information received during the course of their professional activities or from a competent authority or resolution authority in connection with its functions under this Directive, to any person or authority unless it is in the exercise of their functions under this Directive or in summary or collective form such that individual institutions or entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) cannot be identified or with the express and prior consent of the authority or the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) which provided the information.
Member States shall ensure that no confidential information is disclosed by the persons referred to in paragraph 1 and that the possible effects of disclosing information on the public interest as regards financial, monetary or economic policy, on the commercial interests of natural and legal persons, on the purpose of inspections, on investigations and on audits, are assessed.
The procedure for checking the effects of disclosing information shall include a specific assessment of the effects of any disclosure of the contents and details of recovery and resolution plan as referred to in Articles 5, 7, 10, 11 and 12 and the result of any assessment carried out under Articles 6, 8 and 15.
Any person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 shall be subject to civil liability in the event of an infringement of this Article, in accordance with national law.
4.   This Article shall not prevent:
(a)
employees and experts of the bodies or entities referred to in points (a) to (j) of paragraph 1 from sharing information among themselves within each body or entity; or
(b)
resolution authorities and competent authorities, including their employees and experts, from sharing information with each other and with other Union resolution authorities, other Union competent authorities, competent ministries, central banks, deposit guarantee schemes, investor compensation schemes, authorities responsible for normal insolvency proceedings, authorities responsible for maintaining the stability of the financial system in Member States through the use of macroprudential rules, persons charged with carrying out statutory audits of accounts, EBA, or, subject to Article 98, third-country authorities that carry out equivalent functions to resolution authorities, or, subject to strict confidentiality requirements, to a potential acquirer for the purposes of planning or carrying out a resolution action.
5.   Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, Member States may authorise the exchange of information with any of the following:
(a)
subject to strict confidentiality requirements, any other person where necessary for the purposes of planning or carrying out a resolution action;
(b)
parliamentary enquiry committees in their Member State, courts of auditors in their Member State and other entities in charge of enquiries in their Member State, under appropriate conditions; and
(c)
national authorities responsible for overseeing payment systems, the authorities responsible for normal insolvency proceedings, the authorities entrusted with the public duty of supervising other financial sector entities, the authorities responsible for the supervision of financial markets and insurance undertakings and inspectors acting on their behalf, the authorities of Member States responsible for maintaining the stability of the financial system in Member States through the use of macroprudential rules, the authorities responsible for protecting the stability of the financial system, and persons charged carrying out statutory audits;
6.   This Article shall be without prejudice to national law concerning the disclosure of information for the purpose of legal proceedings in criminal or civil cases.
7.   EBA shall, by 3 July 2015, issue guidelines in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 to specify how information should be provided in summary or collective form for the purposes of paragraph 3.
CHAPTER IX
Right of appeal and exclusion of other actions
Article 85
Ex-ante judicial approval and rights to challenge decisions
1.   Member States may require that a decision to take a crisis prevention measure or a crisis management measure is subject to 
ex-ante
 judicial approval, provided that in respect of a decision to take a crisis management measure, according to national law, the procedure relating to the application for approval and the court’s consideration are expeditious.
2.   Member States shall provide in national law for a right of appeal against a decision to take a crisis prevention measure or a decision to exercise any power, other than a crisis management measure, under this Directive.
3.   Member States shall ensure that all persons affected by a decision to take a crisis management measure, have the right to appeal against that decision. Member States shall ensure that the review is expeditious and that national courts use the complex economic assessments of the facts carried out by the resolution authority as a basis for their own assessment.
4.   The right to appeal referred to in paragraph 3 shall be subject to the following provisions:
(a)
the lodging of an appeal shall not entail any automatic suspension of the effects of the challenged decision;
(b)
the decision of the resolution authority shall be immediately enforceable and it shall give rise to a rebuttable presumption that a suspension of its enforcement would be against the public interest.
Where it is necessary to protect the interests of third parties acting in good faith who have acquired shares, other instruments of ownership, assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution by virtue of the use of resolution tools or exercise of resolution powers by a resolution authority, the annulment of a decision of a resolution authority shall not affect any subsequent administrative acts or transactions concluded by the resolution authority concerned which were based on the annulled decision. In that case, remedies for a wrongful decision or action by the resolution authorities shall be limited to compensation for the loss suffered by the applicant as a result of the decision or act.
Article 86
Restrictions on other proceedings
1.   Without prejudice to point (b) of Article 82(2), Member States shall ensure with respect to an institution under resolution or an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) in relation to which the conditions for resolution have been determined to be met, that normal insolvency proceedings shall not be commenced except at the initiative of the resolution authority and that a decision placing an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) into normal insolvency proceedings shall be taken only with the consent of the resolution authority.
2.   For the purposes of paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that:
(a)
competent authorities and resolution authorities are notified without delay of any application for the opening of normal insolvency proceedings in relation to an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1), irrespective of whether the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is under resolution or a decision has been made public in accordance with Article 83(4) and (5);
(b)
the application is not determined unless the notifications referred to in point (a) have been made and either of the following occurs:
(i)
the resolution authority has notified the authorities responsible for normal insolvency proceedings that it does not intend to take any resolution action in relation to the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(ii)
a period of seven days beginning with the date on which the notifications referred to in point (a) were made has expired.
3.   Without prejudice to any restriction on the enforcement of security interests imposed pursuant to Article 70, Member States shall ensure that, if necessary for the effective application of the resolution tools and powers, resolution authorities may request the court to apply a stay for an appropriate period of time in accordance with the objective pursued, on any judicial action or proceeding in which an institution under resolution is or becomes a party.
TITLE V
CROSS-BORDER GROUP RESOLUTION
Article 87
General principles regarding decision-making involving more than one Member State
Member States shall ensure that, when making decisions or taking action pursuant to this Directive which may have an impact in one or more other Member States, their authorities have regard to the following general principles:
(a)
the imperatives of efficacy of decision-making and of keeping resolution costs as low as possible when taking resolution action;
(b)
that decisions are made and action is taken in a timely manner and with due urgency when required;
(c)
that resolution authorities, competent authorities and other authorities cooperate with each other to ensure that decisions are made and action is taken in a coordinated and efficient manner;
(d)
that the roles and responsibilities of relevant authorities within each Member State are e defined clearly;
(e)
that due consideration is given to the interests of the Member States where the Union parent undertakings are established, in particular the impact of any decision or action or inaction on the financial stability, fiscal resources, resolution fund, deposit guarantee scheme or investor compensation scheme of those Member States;
(f)
that due consideration is given to the interests of each individual Member State where a subsidiary is established, in particular the impact of any decision or action or inaction on the financial stability, fiscal resources, resolution fund, deposit guarantee scheme or investor compensation scheme of those Member States;
(g)
that due consideration is given to the interests of each Member State where significant branches are located, in particular the impact of any decision or action or inaction on the financial stability of those Member States;
(h)
that due consideration is given to the objectives of balancing the interests of the various Member States involved and of avoiding unfairly prejudicing or unfairly protecting the interests of particular Member States, including avoiding unfair burden allocation across Member States;
(i)
that any obligation under this Directive to consult an authority before any decision or action is taken implies at least that such an obligation to consult that authority on those elements of the proposed decision or action which have or which are likely to have:
(i)
an effect on the Union parent undertaking, the subsidiary or the branch,; and
(ii)
an impact on the stability of the Member State where the Union parent undertaking, the subsidiary or the branch, is established or located;
(j)
that resolution authorities, when taking resolution actions, take into account and follow the resolution plans referred to in Article 13 unless the resolution authorities consider, taking into account the circumstances of the case, that the resolution objectives will be achieved more effectively by taking actions which are not provided for in the resolution plans;
(k)
that the requirement for transparency whenever a proposed decision or action is likely to have implications on the financial stability, fiscal resources, resolution fund, deposit guarantee scheme or investor compensation scheme of any relevant Member State; and
(l)
recognition that coordination and cooperation are most likely to achieve a result which lowers the overall cost of resolution.
Article 88
Resolution colleges
1.   Group-level resolution authorities shall establish resolution colleges to carry out the tasks referred to in Articles 12, 13, 16, 18, 45, 91 and 92, and, where appropriate, to ensure cooperation and coordination with third-country resolution authorities.
In particular, resolution colleges shall provide a framework for the group-level resolution authority, the other resolution authorities and, where appropriate, competent authorities and consolidating supervisors concerned to perform the following tasks:
(a)
exchanging information relevant for the development of group resolution plans, for the application to groups of preparatory and preventative powers and for group resolution;
(b)
developing group resolution plans pursuant to Articles 12 and 13;
(c)
assessing the resolvability of groups pursuant to Article 16;
(d)
exercising powers to address or remove impediments to the resolvability of groups pursuant to Article 18;
(e)
deciding on the need to establish a group resolution scheme as referred to in Article 91 or 92;
(f)
reaching the agreement on a group resolution scheme proposed in accordance with Article 91 or 92;
(g)
coordinating public communication of group resolution strategies and schemes;
(h)
coordinating the use of financing arrangements established under Title VII;
(i)
setting the minimum requirements for groups at consolidated and subsidiary level under Article 45.
In addition, resolution colleges may be used as a forum to discuss any issues relating to cross-border group resolution.
2.   The following shall be members of the resolution college:
(a)
the group-level resolution authority;
(b)
the resolution authorities of each Member State in which a subsidiary covered by consolidated supervision is established;
(c)
the resolution authorities of Member States where a parent undertaking of one or more institutions of the group, that is an entity referred to in point (d) of Article 1(1), are established;
(d)
the resolution authorities of Member States in which significant branches are located;
(e)
the consolidating supervisor and the competent authorities of the Member States where the resolution authority is a member of the resolution college. Where the competent authority of a Member State is not the Member State’s central bank, the competent authority may decide to be accompanied by a representative from the Member State’s central bank;
(f)
the competent ministries, where the resolution authorities which are members of the resolution college are not the competent ministries;
(g)
the authority that is responsible for the deposit guarantee scheme of a Member State, where the resolution authority of that Member State is a member of a resolution college;
(h)
EBA, subject to paragraph 4.
3.   The resolution authorities of third countries where a parent undertaking or an institution established in the Union has a subsidiary institution or a branch that would be considered to be significant were it located in the Union may, at their request, be invited to participate in the resolution college as observers, provided that they are subject to confidentiality requirements equivalent, in the opinion of the group-level resolution authority, to those established by Article 98.
4.   EBA shall contribute to promoting and monitoring the efficient, effective and consistent functioning of resolution colleges, taking into account international standards. EBA shall be invited to attend the meetings of the resolution college for that purpose. EBA shall not have any voting rights to the extent that any voting takes place within the framework of resolution colleges.
5.   The group-level resolution authority shall be the chair of the resolution college. In that capacity it shall:
(a)
establish written arrangements and procedures for the functioning of the resolution college, after consulting the other members of the resolution college;
(b)
coordinate all activities of the resolution college;
(c)
convene and chair all its meetings and keep all members of the resolution college fully informed in advance of the organisation of meetings of the resolution college, of the main issues to be discussed and of the items to be considered;
(d)
notify the members of the resolution college of any planned meetings so that they can request to participate;
(e)
decide which members and observers shall be invited to attend particular meetings of the resolution college, on the basis of specific needs, taking into account the relevance of the issue to be discussed for those members and observers, in particular the potential impact on financial stability in the Member States concerned;
(f)
keep all of the members of the college informed, in a timely manner, of the decisions and outcomes of those meetings.
The members participating in the resolution college shall cooperate closely.
Notwithstanding point (e), resolution authorities shall be entitled to participate in resolution college meetings whenever matters subject to joint decision-making or relating to a group entity located in their Member State are on the agenda.
6.   Group-level resolution authorities are not obliged to establish a resolution college if other groups or colleges perform the same functions and carry out the same tasks specified in this Article and comply with all the conditions and procedures, including those covering membership and participation in resolution colleges, established in this Article and in Article 90. In such a case, all references to resolution colleges in this Directive shall also be understood as references to those other groups or colleges.
7.   EBA shall, taking into account international standards, develop draft regulatory standards in order to specify the operational functioning of the resolution colleges for the performance of the tasks referred to in paragraph 1.
EBA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.
Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 89
European resolution colleges
1.   Where a third country institution or third country parent undertaking has Union subsidiaries established in two or more Member States, or two or more Union branches that are regarded as significant by two or more Member States, the resolution authorities of Member States where those Union subsidiaries are established or where those significant branches are located shall establish a European resolution college.
2.   The European resolution college shall perform the functions and carry out the tasks specified in Article 88 with respect to the subsidiary institutions and, in so far as those tasks are relevant, to branches.
3.   Where the Union subsidiaries are held by, or the significant branches are of, a financial holding company established within the Union in accordance with the third subparagraph of Article 127(3) of Directive 2013/36/EU, the European resolution college shall be chaired by the resolution authority of the Member State where the consolidating supervisor is located for the purposes of consolidated supervision under that Directive.
Where the first subparagraph does not apply, the members of the European resolution college shall nominate and agree the chair.
4.   Member States may, by mutual agreement of all the relevant parties, waive the requirement to establish a European resolution college if other groups or colleges, including a resolution college established under Article 88, perform the same functions and carry out the same tasks specified in this Article and comply with all the conditions and procedures, including those covering membership and participation in European resolution colleges, established in this Article and in Article 90. In such a case, all references to European resolution colleges in this Directive shall also be understood as references to those other groups or colleges.
5.   Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article, the European resolution college shall otherwise function in accordance with Article 88.
Article 90
Information exchange
1.   Subject to Article 84, resolution authorities and competent authorities shall provide one another on request with all the information relevant for the exercise of the other authorities’ tasks under this Directive.
2.   The group-level resolution authority shall coordinate the flow of all relevant information between resolution authorities. In particular, the group-level resolution authority shall provide the resolution authorities in other Member States with all the relevant information in a timely manner with a view to facilitating the exercise of the tasks referred to in points (b) to (i) of the second subparagraph of Article 88(1).
3.   Upon a request for information which has been provided by a third-country resolution authority, the resolution authority shall seek the consent of the third-country resolution authority for the onward transmission of that information, save where the third-country resolution authority has already consented to the onward transmission of that information.
Resolution authorities shall not be obliged to transmit information provided from a third-country resolution authority if the third-country resolution authority has not consented to its onward transmission.
4.   Resolution authorities shall share information with the competent ministry when it relates to a decision or matter which requires notification, consultation or consent of the competent ministry or which may have implications for public funds.
Article 91
Group resolution involving a subsidiary of the group
1.   Where a resolution authority decides that an institution or any entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) that is a subsidiary in a group meets the conditions referred to in Article 32 or 33, that authority shall notify the following information without delay to the group-level resolution authority, if different, to the consolidating supervisor, and to the members of the resolution college for the group in question:
(a)
the decision that the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) meets the conditions referred to in Article 32 or 33;
(b)
the resolution actions or insolvency measures that the resolution authority considers to be appropriate for that institution or that entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1).
2.   On receiving a notification under paragraph 1, the group-level resolution authority, after consulting the other members of the relevant resolution college, shall assess the likely impact of the resolution actions or other measures notified in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 1, on the group and on group entities in other Member States, and, in particular, whether the resolution actions or other measures would make it likely that the conditions for resolution would be satisfied in relation to a group entity in another Member State.
3.   If the group-level resolution authority, after consulting the other members of the resolution college, assesses that the resolution actions or other measures notified in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 1, would not make it likely that the conditions laid down in Article 32 or 33 would be satisfied in relation to a group entity in another Member State, the resolution authority responsible for that institution or that entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) may take the resolution actions or other measures that it notified in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 1 of this Article.
4.   If the group-level resolution authority, after consulting the other members of the resolution college, assesses that the resolution actions or other measures notified in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 1 of this Article, would make it likely that the conditions laid down in Article 32 or 33 would be satisfied in relation to a group entity in another Member State, the group-level resolution authority shall, no later than 24 hours after receiving the notification under paragraph 1, propose a group resolution scheme and submit it to the resolution college. That 24-hour period may be extended with the consent of the resolution authority which made the notification referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
5.   In the absence of an assessment by the group-level resolution authority within 24 hours, or a longer period that has been agreed, after receiving the notification under paragraph 1, the resolution authority which made the notification referred to in paragraph 1 may take the resolution actions or other measures that it notified in accordance with point (b) of that paragraph.
6.   A group resolution scheme required under paragraph 4 shall:
(a)
take into account and follow the resolution plans as referred to in Article 13 unless resolution authorities assess, taking into account circumstances of the case, that resolution objectives will be achieved more effectively by taking actions which are not provided for in the resolution plans;
(b)
outline the resolution actions that should be taken by the relevant resolution authorities in relation to the Union parent undertaking or particular group entities with the aim of meeting the resolution objectives and principles referred to in Articles 31 and 34;
(c)
specify how those resolution actions should be coordinated;
(d)
establish a financing plan which takes into account the group resolution plan, principles for sharing responsibility as established in accordance with point (f) of Article 12(3) and the mutualisation as referred to in Article 107.
7.   Subject to paragraph 8, the group resolution scheme shall take the form of a joint decision of the group-level resolution authority and the resolution authorities responsible for the subsidiaries that are covered by the group resolution scheme.
EBA may, at the request of a resolution authority, assist the resolution authorities in reaching a joint decision in accordance with Article 31(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
8.   If any resolution authority disagrees with or departs from the group resolution scheme proposed by the group-level resolution authority or considers that it needs to take independent resolution actions or measures other than those proposed in the scheme in relation to an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) for reasons of financial stability, it shall set out in detail the reasons for the disagreement or the reasons to depart from the group resolution scheme, notify the group-level resolution authority and the other resolution authorities that are covered by the group resolution scheme of the reasons and inform them about the actions or measures it will take. When setting out the reasons for its disagreement, that resolution authority shall take into consideration the resolution plans as referred to in Article 13, the potential impact on financial stability in the Member States concerned as well as the potential effect of the actions or measures on other parts of the group.
9.   The resolution authorities which did not disagree under paragraph 8 may reach a joint decision on a group resolution scheme covering group entities in their Member State.
10.   The joint decision referred to in paragraph 7 or 9 and the decisions taken by the resolution authorities in the absence of a joint decision referred to in paragraph 8 shall be recognised as conclusive and applied by the resolution authorities in the Member States concerned.
11.   Authorities shall perform all actions under this Article without delay, and with due regard to the urgency of the situation.
12.   In any case where a group resolution scheme is not implemented and resolution authorities take resolution actions in relation to any group entity, those resolution authorities shall cooperate closely within the resolution college with a view to achieving a coordinated resolution strategy for all the group entities that are failing or likely to fail.
13.   Resolution authorities that take any resolution action in relation to any group entity shall inform the members of the resolution college regularly and fully about those actions or measures and their on-going progress.
Article 92
Group resolution
1.   Where a group-level resolution authority decides that a Union parent undertaking for which it is responsible meets the conditions referred to in Article 32 or 33 it shall notify the information referred to in points (a) and (b) of Article 91(1) without delay to the consolidating supervisor, if different, and to the other members of the resolution college of the group in question.
The resolution actions or insolvency measures for the purposes of point (b) of Article 91(1) may include the implementation of a group resolution scheme drawn up in accordance with Article 91(6) in any of the following circumstances:
(a)
resolution actions or other measures at parent level notified in accordance with point (b) of Article 91(1) make it likely that the conditions laid down in Article 32 or 33 would be fulfilled in relation to a group entity in another Member State;
(b)
resolution actions or other measures at parent level only are not sufficient to stabilise the situation or are not likely to provide an optimum outcome;
(c)
one or more subsidiaries meet the conditions referred to in Article 32 or 33 according to a determination by the resolution authorities responsible for those subsidiaries; or
(d)
resolution actions or other measures at group level will benefit the subsidiaries of the group in a way which makes a group resolution scheme appropriate.
2.   Where the actions proposed by the group-level resolution authority under paragraph 1 do not include a group resolution scheme, the group-level resolution authority shall take its decision after consulting the members of the resolution college.
The decision of the group-level resolution authority shall take into account:
(a)
and follow the resolution plans as referred to in Article 13 unless resolution authorities assess, taking into account circumstances of the case, that resolution objectives will be achieved more effectively by taking actions which are not provided for in the resolution plans;
(b)
the financial stability of the Member States concerned.
3.   Where the actions proposed by the group-level resolution authority under paragraph 1 include a group resolution scheme, the group resolution scheme shall take the form of a joint decision of the group-level resolution authority and the resolution authorities responsible for the subsidiaries that are covered by the group resolution scheme.
EBA may, at the request of a resolution authority, assist the resolution authorities in reaching a joint decision in accordance with Article 31(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
4.   If any resolution authority disagrees with or departs from the group resolution scheme proposed by the group-level resolution authority or considers that it needs to take independent resolution actions or measures other than those proposed in the scheme in relation to an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) for reasons of financial stability, it shall set out in detail the reasons for the disagreement or the reasons to depart from the group resolution scheme, notify the group-level resolution authority and the other resolution authorities that are covered by the group resolution scheme of the reasons and inform them about the actions or measures it intends to take. When setting out the reasons for its disagreement, that resolution authority shall give consideration to the resolution plans as referred to in Article 13, the potential impact on financial stability in the Member States concerned as well as the potential effect of the actions or measures on other parts of the group.
5.   Resolution authorities which did not disagree with the group resolution scheme under the paragraph 4 may reach a joint decision on a group resolution scheme covering group entities in their Member State.
6.   The joint decision referred to in paragraph 3 or 5 and the decisions taken by the resolution authorities in the absence of a joint decision referred to in paragraph 4 shall be recognised as conclusive and applied by the resolution authorities in the Member States concerned.
7.   Authorities shall perform all actions under this Article without delay, and with due regard to the urgency of the situation.
In any case where a group resolution scheme is not implemented and resolution authorities take resolution action in relation to any group entity, those resolution authorities shall cooperate closely within the resolution college with a view to achieving a coordinated resolution strategy for all affected group entities.
Resolution authorities that take resolution action in relation to any group entity shall inform the members of the resolution college regularly and fully about those actions or measures and their on-going progress.
TITLE VI
RELATIONS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES
Article 93
Agreements with third countries
1.   In accordance with Article 218 TFEU, the Commission may submit to the Council proposals for the negotiation of agreements with one or more third countries regarding the means of cooperation between the resolution authorities and the relevant third country authorities, inter alia, for the purpose of information sharing in connection with recovery and resolution planning in relation to institutions, financial institutions, parent undertakings and third country institutions, with regard to the following situations:
(a)
in cases where a third country parent undertaking has subsidiary institutions or branches where such branches are regarded as significant in two or more Member States;
(b)
in cases where a parent undertaking established in a Member State and which has a subsidiary or a significant branch in at least one other Member State has one or more third country subsidiary institutions;
(c)
in cases where an institution established in a Member State and which has a parent undertaking, a subsidiary or a significant branch in at least one other Member State has one or more branches in one or more third countries.
2.   The agreements referred to in paragraph 1 shall, in particular, seek to ensure the establishment of processes and arrangements between resolution authorities and the relevant third country authorities for cooperation in carrying out some or all of the tasks and exercising some or all of the powers indicated in Article 97.
3.   The agreements referred to in paragraph 1 shall not make provision in relation to individual institutions, financial institutions, parent undertakings or third country institutions.
4.   Member States may enter into bilateral agreements with a third country regarding the matters referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 until the entry into force of an agreement referred to in paragraph 1 with the relevant third country to the extent that such bilateral agreements are not inconsistent with this Title.
Article 94
Recognition and enforcement of third-country resolution proceedings
1.   This Article shall apply in respect of third-country resolution proceedings unless and until an international agreement as referred to in Article 93(1) enters into force with the relevant third country. It shall also apply following the entry into force of an international agreement as referred to in Article 93(1) with the relevant third country to the extent that recognition and enforcement of third-country resolution proceedings is not governed by that agreement.
2.   Where there is a European resolution college established in accordance with Article 89, it shall take a joint decision on whether to recognise, except as provided for in Article 95, third-country resolution proceedings relating to a third-country institution or a parent undertaking that:
(a)
has Union subsidiaries established in, or Union branches located in and regarded as significant by, two or more Member States; or
(b)
has assets, rights or liabilities located in two or more Member States or are governed by the law of those Member States.
Where the joint decision on the recognition of the third-country resolution proceedings is reached, respective national resolution authorities shall seek the enforcement of the recognised third-country resolution proceedings in accordance with their national law.
3.   In the absence of a joint decision between the resolution authorities participating in the European resolution college, or in the absence of a European resolution college, each resolution authority concerned shall make its own decision on whether to recognise and enforce, except as provided for in Article 95, third-country resolution proceedings relating to a third-country institution or a parent undertaking.
The decision shall give due consideration to the interests of each individual Member State where a third-country institution or parent undertaking operates, and in particular to the potential impact of the recognition and enforcement of the third-country resolution proceedings on the other parts of the group and the financial stability in those Member States.
4.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities are, as a minimum, empowered to do the following:
(a)
exercise the resolution powers in relation to the following:
(i)
assets of a third-country institution or parent undertaking that are located in their Member State or governed by the law of their Member State;
(ii)
rights or liabilities of a third-country institution that are booked by the Union branch in their Member State or governed by the law of their Member State, or where claims in relation to such rights and liabilities are enforceable in their Member State;
(b)
perfect, including to require another person to take action to perfect, a transfer of shares or other instruments of ownership in a Union subsidiary established in the designating Member State;
(c)
exercise the powers in Article 69, 70 or 71 in relation to the rights of any party to a contract with an entity referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, where such powers are necessary in order to enforce third-country resolution proceedings; and
(d)
render unenforceable any right to terminate, liquidate or accelerate contracts, or affect the contractual rights, of entities referred to in paragraph 2 and other group entities, where such a right arises from resolution action taken in respect of the third-country institution, parent undertaking of such entities or other group entities, whether by the third-country resolution authority itself or otherwise pursuant to legal or regulatory requirements as to resolution arrangements in that country, provided that the substantive obligations under the contract, including payment and delivery obligations, and provision of collateral, continue to be performed.
5.   Resolution authorities may take, where necessary in the public interest, resolution action with respect to a parent undertaking where the relevant third-country authority determines that an institution that is incorporated in that third country meets the conditions for resolution under the law of that third country. To that end, Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities are empowered to use any resolution power in respect of that parent undertaking, and Article 68 shall apply.
6.   The recognition and enforcement of third-country resolution proceedings shall be without prejudice to any normal insolvency proceedings under national law applicable, where appropriate, in accordance with this Directive.
Article 95
Right to refuse recognition or enforcement of third-country resolution proceedings
The resolution authority, after consulting other resolution authorities, where a European resolution college is established under Article 89, may refuse to recognise or to enforce third-country resolution proceedings pursuant to Article 94(2) if it considers:
(a)
that the third-country resolution proceedings would have adverse effects on financial stability in the Member State in which the resolution authority is based or that the proceedings would have adverse effects on financial stability in another Member State;
(b)
that independent resolution action under Article 96 in relation to a Union branch is necessary to achieve one or more of the resolution objectives;
(c)
that creditors, including in particular depositors located or payable in a Member State, would not receive the same treatment as third-country creditors and depositors with similar legal rights under the third-country home resolution proceedings;
(d)
that recognition or enforcement of the third-country resolution proceedings would have material fiscal implications for the Member State; or
(e)
that the effects of such recognition or enforcement would be contrary to the national law.
Article 96
Resolution of Union branches
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities have the powers necessary to act in relation to a Union branch that is not subject to any third-country resolution proceedings or that is subject to third-country proceedings and one of the circumstances referred to in Article 95 applies.
Member States shall ensure that Article 68 applies to the exercise of such powers.
2.   Member States shall ensure that the powers required in paragraph 1 may be exercised by resolution authorities where the resolution authority considers that action is necessary in the public interest and one or more of the following conditions is met:
(a)
the Union branch no longer meets, or is likely not to meet, the conditions imposed by national law for its authorisation and operation within that Member State and there is no prospect that any private sector, supervisory or relevant third-country action would restore the branch to compliance or prevent failure in a reasonable timeframe;
(b)
the third-country institution is, in the opinion of the resolution authority, unable or unwilling, or is likely to be unable, to pay its obligations to Union creditors, or obligations that have been created or booked through the branch, as they fall due and the resolution authority is satisfied that no third-country resolution proceedings or insolvency proceedings have been or will be initiated in relation to that third-country institution in a reasonable timeframe;
(c)
the relevant third-country authority has initiated third-country resolution proceedings in relation to the third-country institution, or has notified to the resolution authority its intention to initiate such a proceeding.
3.   Where a resolution authority takes an independent action in relation to a Union branch, it shall have regard to the resolution objectives and take the action in accordance with the following principles and requirements, insofar as they are relevant:
(a)
the principles set out in Article 34;
(b)
the requirements relating to the application of the resolution tools in Chapter III of Title IV.
Article 97
Cooperation with third-country authorities
1.   This Article shall apply in respect of cooperation with a third country unless and until an international agreement as referred to in Article 93(1) enters into force with the relevant third country. It shall also apply following the entry into force of an international agreement provided for in Article 93(1) with the relevant third country to the extent that the subject matter of this Article is not governed by that agreement.
2.   EBA may conclude non-binding framework cooperation arrangements with the following relevant third-country authorities:
(a)
in cases where a Union subsidiary is established in two or more Member States, the relevant authorities of the third country where the parent undertaking or a company referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) are established;
(b)
in cases where a third-country institution operates Union branches in two or more Member States, the relevant authority of the third country where that institution is established;
(c)
in cases where a parent undertaking or a company referred to in points (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) established in a Member State with a subsidiary institution or significant branch in another Member State also has one or more third-country subsidiary institutions, the relevant authorities of the third countries where those subsidiary institutions are established;
(d)
in cases where an institution with a subsidiary institution or significant branch in another Member State has established one or more branches in one or more third countries, the relevant authorities of the third countries where those branches are located.
The arrangements referred to in this paragraph shall not make provision in relation to specific institutions. They shall not impose legal obligations upon Member States.
3.   The framework cooperation agreements referred to in paragraph 2 shall establish processes and arrangements between the participating authorities for sharing information necessary for and cooperation in carrying out some or all or the following tasks and exercising some or all of the following powers in relation to institutions referred to in points (a) to (d) of paragraph 2 or groups including such institutions:
(a)
the development of resolution plans in accordance with Articles 10 to 13 and similar requirements under the law of the relevant third countries;
(b)
the assessment of the resolvability of such institutions and groups, in accordance with Articles 15 and 16 and similar requirements under the law of the relevant third countries;
(c)
the application of powers to address or remove impediments to resolvability pursuant to Articles 17 and 18 and any similar powers under the law of the relevant third countries;
(d)
the application of early intervention measures pursuant to Article 27 and similar powers under the law of the relevant third countries;
(e)
the application of resolution tools and exercise of resolution powers and similar powers exercisable by the relevant third-country authorities.
4.   Competent authorities or resolution authorities, where appropriate, shall conclude non-binding cooperation arrangements in line with EBA framework arrangement with the relevant third-country authorities indicated in paragraph 2.
This Article shall not prevent Member States or their competent authorities from concluding bilateral or multilateral arrangements with third countries, in accordance with Article 33 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
5.   Cooperation arrangements concluded between resolution authorities of Member States and third countries in accordance with this Article may include provisions on the following matters:
(a)
the exchange of information necessary for the preparation and maintenance of resolution plans;
(b)
consultation and cooperation in the development of resolution plans, including principles for the exercise of powers under Articles 94 and 96 and similar powers under the law of the relevant third countries;
(c)
the exchange of information necessary for the application of resolution tools and exercise of resolution powers and similar powers under the law of the relevant third countries;
(d)
early warning to or consultation of parties to the cooperation arrangement before taking any significant action under this Directive or relevant third-country law affecting the institution or group to which the arrangement relates;
(e)
the coordination of public communication in the case of joint resolution actions;
(f)
procedures and arrangements for the exchange of information and cooperation under points (a) to (e), including, where appropriate, through the establishment and operation of crisis management groups.
6.   Member States shall notify EBA of any cooperation arrangements that resolution authorities and competent authorities have concluded in accordance with this Article.
Article 98
Exchange of confidential information
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities, competent authorities and competent ministries exchange confidential information, including recovery plans, with relevant third-country authorities only if the following conditions are met:
(a)
those third-country authorities are subject to requirements and standards of professional secrecy at least considered to be equivalent, in the opinion of all the authorities concerned, to those imposed by Article 84.
In so far as the exchange of information relates to personal data, the handling and transmission of such personal data to third-country authorities shall be governed by the applicable Union and national data protection law.
(b)
the information is necessary for the performance by the relevant third-country authorities of their resolution functions under national law that are comparable to those under this Directive and, subject to point (a) of this paragraph, is not used for any other purposes.
2.   Where confidential information originates in another Member State, resolution authorities, competent authorities and competent ministries shall not disclose that information to relevant third-country authorities unless the following conditions are met:
(a)
the relevant authority of the Member State where the information originated (the originating authority) agrees to that disclosure;
(b)
the information is disclosed only for the purposes permitted by the originating authority.
3.   For the purposes of this Article, information is deemed to be confidential if it is subject to confidentiality requirements under Union law.
TITLE VII
FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Article 99
European system of financing arrangements
A European system of financing arrangements shall be established and shall consist of:
(a)
national financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100;
(b)
the borrowing between national financing arrangements as specified in Article 106,
(c)
the mutualisation of national financing arrangements in the case of a group resolution as referred to in Article 107.
Article 100
Requirement to establish resolution financing arrangements
1.   Member States shall establish one or more financing arrangements for the purpose of ensuring the effective application by the resolution authority of the resolution tools and powers.
Member States shall ensure that the use of the financing arrangements may be triggered by a designated public authority or authority entrusted with public administrative powers.
The financing arrangements shall be used only in accordance with the resolution objectives and the principles set out in Articles 31 and 34.
2.   Member States may use the same administrative structure as their financing arrangements for the purposes of their deposit guarantee scheme.
3.   Member States shall ensure that the financing arrangements have adequate financial resources.
4.   For the purpose of paragraph 3, financing arrangements shall in particular have the power to:
(a)
raise 
ex-ante
 contributions as referred to in Article 103 with a view to reaching the target level specified in Article 102;
(b)
raise 
ex-post
 extraordinary contributions as referred to in Article 104 where the contributions specified in point (a) are insufficient; and
(c)
contract borrowings and other forms of support as referred to in Article 105.
5.   Save where permitted under paragraph 6, each Member State shall establish its national financing arrangements through a fund, the use of which may be triggered by its resolution authority for the purposes set out in Article 101(1).
6.   Notwithstanding paragraph 5 of this Article, a Member State may, for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under paragraph 1 of this Article, establish its national financing arrangements through mandatory contributions from institutions which are authorised in its territory, which contributions are based on the criteria referred to in Article 103(7) and which are not held through a fund controlled by its resolution authority provided that all of the following conditions are met:
(a)
the amount raised by contributions is at least equal to the amount that is required to be raised under Article 102;
(b)
the Member State’s resolution authority is entitled to an amount that is equal to the amount of such contributions, which the Member State makes immediately available to that resolution authority upon the latter’s request, for use exclusively for the purposes set out in Article 101;
(c)
the Member State notifies the Commission of its decision to avail itself of the discretion to structure its financing arrangements in accordance with this paragraph;
(d)
the Member State notifies the Commission of the amount referred to in point (b) at least annually; and
(e)
save as laid down in this paragraph, the financing arrangements comply with Articles 99 to 102, Article 103(1) to (4) and (6) and Articles 104 to 109.
For the purposes of this paragraph, the available financial means to be taken into account in order to reach the target level specified in Article 102 may include mandatory contributions from any scheme of mandatory contributions established by a Member State at any date between 17 June 2010 and 2 July 2014 from institutions in its territory for the purposes of covering the costs relating to systemic risk, failure and resolution of institutions, provided that the Member State complies with this Title. Contributions to deposit guarantee schemes shall not count towards the target level for resolution financing arrangements set out in Article 102.
Article 101
Use of the resolution financing arrangements
1.   The financing arrangements established in accordance with Article 100 may be used by the resolution authority only to the extent necessary to ensure the effective application of the resolution tools, for the following purposes:
(a)
to guarantee the assets or the liabilities of the institution under resolution, its subsidiaries, a bridge institution or an asset management vehicle;
(b)
to make loans to the institution under resolution, its subsidiaries, a bridge institution or an asset management vehicle;
(c)
to purchase assets of the institution under resolution;
(d)
to make contributions to a bridge institution and an asset management vehicle;
(e)
to pay compensation to shareholders or creditors in accordance with Article 75;
(f)
to make a contribution to the institution under resolution in lieu of the write down or conversion of liabilities of certain creditors, when the bail-in tool is applied and the resolution authority decides to exclude certain creditors from the scope of bail-in in accordance with Article 44(3) to (8);
(g)
to lend to other financing arrangements on a voluntary basis in accordance with Article 106;
(h)
to take any combination of the actions referred to in points (a) to (g).
The financing arrangements may be used to take the actions referred to in the first subparagraph also with respect to the purchaser in the context of the sale of business tool.
2.   The resolution financing arrangement shall not be used directly to absorb the losses of an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or to recapitalise such an institution or an entity. In the event that the use of the resolution financing arrangement for the purposes in paragraph 1 of this Article indirectly results in part of the losses of an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) being passed on to the resolution financing arrangement, the principles governing the use of the resolution financing arrangement set out in Article 44 shall apply.
Article 102
Target level
1.   Member States shall ensure that, by 31 December 2024, the available financial means of their financing arrangements reach at least 1 % of the amount of covered deposits of all the institutions authorised in their territory. Member States may set target levels in excess of that amount.
2.   During the initial period of time referred to in paragraph 1, contributions to the financing arrangements raised in accordance with Article 103 shall be spread out in time as evenly as possible until the target level is reached, but with due account of the phase of the business cycle and the impact pro-cyclical contributions may have on the financial position of contributing institutions.
Member States may extend the initial period of time for a maximum of four years if the financing arrangements have made cumulative disbursements in excess of 0,5 % of covered deposits of all the institutions authorised in their territory which are guaranteed under Directive 2014/49/EU.
3.   If, after the initial period of time referred to in paragraph 1, the available financial means diminish below the target level specified in that paragraph, the regular contributions raised in accordance with Article 103 shall resume until the target level is reached. After the target level has been reached for the first time and where the available financial means have subsequently been reduced to less than two thirds of the target level, those contributions shall be set at a level allowing for reaching the target level within six years.
The regular contribution shall take due account of the phase of the business cycle, and the impact procyclical contributions may have when setting annual contributions in the context of this paragraph.
4.   EBA shall submit a report to the Commission by 31 October 2016 with recommendations on the appropriate reference point for setting the target level for resolution financing arrangements, and in particular whether total liabilities constitute a more appropriate basis than covered deposits.
5.   Based on the results of the report referred to in paragraph 4, the Commission shall, if appropriate, submit, by 31 December 2016, to the European Parliament and to the Council a legislative proposal on the basis for the target level for resolution financing arrangements.
Article 103
Ex-ante contributions
1.   In order to reach the target level specified in Article 102, Member States shall ensure that contributions are raised at least annually from the institutions authorised in their territory including Union branches.
2.   The contribution of each institution shall be pro rata to the amount of its liabilities (excluding own funds) less covered deposits, with respect to the aggregate liabilities (excluding own funds) less covered deposits of all the institutions authorised in the territory of the Member State.
Those contributions shall be adjusted in proportion to the risk profile of institutions, in accordance with the criteria adopted under paragraph 7.
3.   The available financial means to be taken into account in order to reach the target level specified in Article 102 may include irrevocable payment commitments which are fully backed by collateral of low risk assets unencumbered by any third party rights, at the free disposal and earmarked for the exclusive use by the resolution authorities for the purposes specified in Article 101(1). The share of irrevocable payment commitments shall not exceed 30 % of the total amount of contributions raised in accordance with this Article.
4.   Member States shall ensure that the obligation to pay the contributions specified in this Article is enforceable under national law, and that due contributions are fully paid.
Member States shall set up appropriate regulatory, accounting, reporting and other obligations to ensure that due contributions are fully paid. Member States shall ensure measures for the proper verification of whether the contributions have been paid correctly. Member States shall ensure measures to prevent evasion, avoidance and abuse.
5.   The amounts raised in accordance with this Article shall only be used for the purposes specified in Article 101(1).
6.   Subject to Articles 37, 38, 40, 41 and 42, the amounts received from the institution under resolution or the bridge institution, the interest and other earnings on investments and any other earnings may benefit the financing arrangements.
7.   The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 in order to specify the notion of adjusting contributions in proportion to the risk profile of institutions as referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, taking into account all of the following:
(a)
the risk exposure of the institution, including the importance of its trading activities, its off-balance sheet exposures and its degree of leverage;
(b)
the stability and variety of the company’s sources of funding and unencumbered highly liquid assets;
(c)
the financial condition of the institution;
(d)
the probability that the institution enters into resolution;
(e)
the extent to which the institution has previously benefited from extraordinary public financial support;
(f)
the complexity of the structure of the institution and its resolvability;
(g)
the importance of the institution to the stability of the financial system or economy of one or more Member States or of the Union;
(h)
the fact that the institution is part of an IPS.
8.   The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 in order to specify:
(a)
the registration, accounting, reporting obligations and other obligations referred to in paragraph 4 intended to ensure that the contributions are in fact paid;
(b)
the measures referred to in paragraph 4 to ensure proper verification of whether the contributions have been paid correctly.
Article 104
Extraordinary ex-post contributions
1.   Where the available financial means are not sufficient to cover the losses, costs or other expenses incurred by the use of the financing arrangements, Member States shall ensure that extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions are raised from the institutions authorised in their territory, in order to cover the additional amounts. Those extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions shall be allocated between institutions in accordance with the rules laid down in Article 103(2).
Extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions shall not exceed three times the annual amount of contributions determined in accordance with Article 103.
2.   Article 103(4) to (8) shall be applicable to the contributions raised under this Article.
3.   The resolution authority may defer, in whole or in part, an institution’s payment of extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions to the resolution financing arrangement if the payment of those contributions would jeopardise the liquidity or solvency of the institution. Such a deferral shall not be granted for a period of longer than six months but may be renewed upon the request of the institution. The contributions deferred pursuant to this paragraph shall be paid when such a payment no longer jeopardises the institution’s liquidity or solvency.
4.   The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 to specify the circumstances and conditions under which the payment of contributions by an institution may be deferred pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article.
Article 105
Alternative funding means
Member States shall ensure that financing arrangements under their jurisdiction are enabled to contract borrowings or other forms of support from institutions, financial institutions or other third parties in the event that the amounts raised in accordance with Article 103 are not sufficient to cover the losses, costs or other expenses incurred by the use of the financing arrangements, and the extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions provided for in Article 104 are not immediately accessible or sufficient.
Article 106
Borrowing between financing arrangements
1.   Member States shall ensure that financing arrangements under their jurisdiction may make a request to borrow from all other financing arrangements within the Union, in the event that:
(a)
the amounts raised under Article 103 are not sufficient to cover the losses, costs or other expenses incurred by the use of the financing arrangements;
(b)
the extraordinary 
ex-post
 contributions provided for in Article 104 are not immediately accessible; and
(c)
the alternative funding means provided for in Article 105 are not immediately accessible on reasonable terms.
2.   Member States shall ensure that financing arrangements under their jurisdiction have the power to lend to other financing arrangements within the Union in the circumstances specified in paragraph 1.
3.   Following a request under paragraph 1, each of the other financing arrangements in the Union shall decide whether to lend to the financing arrangement which has made the request. Member States may require that that decision is taken after consulting, or with the consent of, the competent ministry or the government. The decision shall be taken with due urgency.
4.   The rate of interest, repayment period and other terms and conditions of the loans shall be agreed between the borrowing financing arrangement and the other financing arrangements which have decided to participate. The loan of every participating financing arrangement shall have the same interest rate, repayment period and other terms and conditions, unless all participating financing arrangements agree otherwise.
5.   The amount lent by each participating resolution financing arrangement shall be pro rata to the amount of covered deposits in the Member State of that resolution financing arrangement, with respect to the aggregate of covered deposits in the Member States of participating resolution financing arrangements. Those rates of contribution may vary upon agreement of all participating financing arrangements.
6.   An outstanding loan to a resolution financing arrangement of another Member State under this Article shall be treated as an asset of the resolution financing arrangement which provided the loan and may be counted towards that financing arrangement’s target level.
Article 107
Mutualisation of national financing arrangements in the case of a group resolution
1.   Member States shall ensure that, in the case of a group resolution as referred to in Article 91 or Article 92, the national financing arrangement of each institution that is part of a group contributes to the financing of the group resolution in accordance with this Article.
2.   For the purposes of paragraph 1, the group-level resolution authority, after consulting the resolution authorities of the institutions that are part of the group, shall propose, if necessary before taking any resolution action, a financing plan as part of the group resolution scheme provided for in Articles 91 and 92.
The financing plan shall be agreed in accordance with the decision-making procedure referred to in Articles 91 and 92.
3.   The financing plan shall include:
(a)
a valuation in accordance with Article 36 in respect of the affected group entities;
(b)
the losses to be recognised by each affected group entity at the moment the resolution tools are exercised;
(c)
for each affected group entity, the losses that would be suffered by each class of shareholders and creditors;
(d)
any contribution that deposit guarantee schemes would be required to make in accordance with Article 109(1);
(e)
the total contribution by resolution financing arrangements and the purpose and form of the contribution;
(f)
the basis for calculating the amount that each of the national financing arrangements of the Member States where affected group entities are located is required to contribute to the financing of the group resolution in order to build up the total contribution referred to in point (e);
(g)
the amount that the national financing arrangement of each affected group entity is required to contribute to the financing of the group resolution and the form of those contributions;
(h)
the amount of borrowing that the financing arrangements of the Member States where the affected group entities are located, will contract from institutions, financial institutions and other third parties under Article 105;
(i)
a timeframe for the use of the financing arrangements of the Member States where the affected group entities are located, which should be capable of being extended where appropriate.
4.   The basis for apportioning the contribution referred to in point (e) of paragraph 3 shall be consistent with paragraph 5 of this Article and with the principles set out in the group resolution plan in accordance with point (f) of Article 12(3), unless otherwise agreed in the financing plan.
5.   Unless agreed otherwise in the financing plan, the basis for calculating the contribution of each national financing arrangement shall in particular have regard to:
(a)
the proportion of the group’s risk-weighted assets held at institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) established in the Member State of that resolution financing arrangement;
(b)
the proportion of the group’s assets held at institutions and entities referred to in points (b), (c) and (d) of Article 1(1) established in the Member State of that resolution financing arrangement;
(c)
the proportion of the losses, which have given rise to the need for group resolution, which originated in group entities under the supervision of competent authorities in the Member State of that resolution financing arrangement; and
(d)
the proportion of the resources of the group financing arrangements which, under the financing plan, are expected to be used to benefit group entities established in the Member State of that resolution financing arrangement directly.
6.   Member States shall establish rules and procedures in advance to ensure that each national financing arrangement can effect its contribution to the financing of group resolution immediately without prejudice to paragraph 2.
7.   For the purpose of this Article, Member States shall ensure that group financing arrangements are allowed, under the conditions laid down in Article 105, to contract borrowings or other forms of support, from institutions, financial institutions or other third parties.
8.   Member States shall ensure that national financing arrangements under their jurisdiction may guarantee any borrowing contracted by the group financing arrangements in accordance with paragraph 7.
9.   Member States shall ensure that any proceeds or benefits that arise from the use of the group financing arrangements are allocated to national financing arrangements in accordance with their contributions to the financing of the resolution as established in paragraph 2.
Article 108
Ranking of deposits in insolvency hierarchy
Member States shall ensure that in national law governing normal insolvency proceedings:
(a)
the following have the same priority ranking which is higher than the ranking provided for the claims of ordinary unsecured, non-preferred creditors:
(i)
that part of eligible deposits from natural persons and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises which exceeds the coverage level provided for in Article 6 of Directive 2014/49/EU;
(ii)
deposits that would be eligible deposits from natural persons, micro, small and medium–sized enterprises were they not made through branches located outside the Union of institutions established within the Union.
(b)
the following have the same priority ranking which is higher than the ranking provided for under point (a):
(i)
covered deposits;
(ii)
deposit guarantee schemes subrogating to the rights and obligations of covered depositors in insolvency.
Article 109
Use of deposit guarantee schemes in the context of resolution
1.   Member States shall ensure that, where the resolution authorities take resolution action, and provided that that action ensures that depositors continue to have access to their deposits, the deposit guarantee scheme to which the institution is affiliated is liable for:
(a)
when the bail-in tool is applied, the amount by which covered deposits would have been written down in order to absorb the losses in the institution pursuant to point (a) of Article 46(1), had covered deposits been included within the scope of bail-in and been written down to the same extent as creditors with the same level of priority under the national law governing normal insolvency proceedings; or
(b)
when one or more resolution tools other than the bail-in tool is applied, the amount of losses that covered depositors would have suffered, had covered depositors suffered losses in proportion to the losses suffered by creditors with the same level of priority under the national law governing normal insolvency proceedings.
In all cases, the liability of the deposit guarantee scheme shall not be greater than the amount of losses that it would have had to bear had the institution been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings.
When the bail-in tool is applied, the deposit guarantee scheme shall not be required to make any contribution towards the costs of recapitalising the institution or bridge institution pursuant to point (b) of Article 46(1).
Where it is determined by a valuation under Article 74 that the deposit guarantee scheme’s contribution to resolution was greater than the net losses it would have incurred had the institution been wound up under normal insolvency proceedings, the deposit guarantee scheme shall be entitled to the payment of the difference from the resolution financing arrangement in accordance with Article 75.
2.   Member States shall ensure that the determination of the amount by which the deposit guarantee scheme is liable in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article complies with the conditions referred to in Article 36.
3.   The contribution from the deposit guarantee scheme for the purpose of paragraph 1 shall be made in cash.
4.   Where eligible deposits at an institution under resolution are transferred to another entity through the sale of business tool or the bridge institution tool, the depositors have no claim under Directive 2014/49/EU against the deposit guarantee scheme in relation to any part of their deposits at the institution under resolution that are not transferred, provided that the amount of funds transferred is equal to or more than the aggregate coverage level provided for in Article 6 of Directive 2014/49/EU.
5.   Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4, if the available financial means of a deposit guarantee scheme are used in accordance therewith and are subsequently reduced to less than two thirds of the target level of the deposit guarantee scheme, the regular contribution to the deposit guarantee scheme shall be set at a level allowing for reaching the target level within six years.
In all cases, the liability of a deposit guarantee scheme shall not be greater than the amount equal to 50 % of its target level pursuant to Article 10 of Directive 2014/49/EU. Member States, may, by taking into account the specificities of their national banking sector, set a percentage which is higher than 50 %.
In any circumstances, the deposit guarantee scheme’s participation under this Directive shall not exceed the losses it would have incurred in a winding up under normal insolvency proceedings.
TITLE VIII
PENALTIES
Article 110
Administrative penalties and other administrative measures
1.   Without prejudice to the right of Member States to provide for and impose criminal penalties, Member States shall lay down rules on administrative penalties and other administrative measures applicable where the national provisions transposing this Directive have not been complied with, and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. Where Member States decide not to lay down rules for administrative penalties for infringements which are subject to national criminal law they shall communicate to the Commission the relevant criminal law provisions. The administrative penalties and other administrative measures shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
2.   Member States shall ensure that, where obligations referred to in the first paragraph apply to institutions, financial institutions and Union parent undertakings, in the event of an infringement, administrative penalties can be applied, subject to the conditions laid down in national law, to the members of the management body, and to other natural persons who under national law are responsible for the infringement.
3.   The powers to impose administrative penalties provided for in this Directive shall be attributed to resolution authorities or, where different, to competent authorities, depending on the type of infringement. Resolution authorities and competent authorities shall have all information-gathering and investigatory powers that are necessary for the exercise of their respective functions. In the exercise of their powers to impose penalties, resolution authorities and competent authorities shall cooperate closely to ensure that administrative penalties or other administrative measures produce the desired results and coordinate their action when dealing with cross-border cases.
4.   Resolution authorities and competent authorities shall exercise their administrative powers to impose penalties in accordance with this Directive and national law in any of the following ways:
(a)
directly;
(b)
in collaboration with other authorities;
(c)
under their responsibility by delegation to such authorities;
(d)
by application to the competent judicial authorities.
Article 111
Specific provisions
1.   Member States shall ensure that their laws, regulations and administrative provisions provide for penalties and other administrative measures at least in respect of the following situations:
(a)
failure to draw up, maintain and update recovery plans and group recovery plans, infringing Article 5 or 7;
(b)
failure to notify an intention to provide group financial support to the competent authority infringing Article 25;
(c)
failure to provide all the information necessary for the development of resolution plans infringing Article 11;
(d)
failure of the management body of an institution or an entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) to notify the competent authority when the institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) is failing or likely to fail, infringing Article 81(1).
2.   Member States shall ensure that, in the cases referred to in paragraph 1, the administrative penalties and other administrative measures that can be applied include at least the following:
(a)
a public statement which indicates the natural person, institution, financial institution, Union parent undertaking or other legal person responsible and the nature of the infringement;
(b)
an order requiring the natural or legal person responsible to cease the conduct and to desist from a repetition of that conduct;
(c)
a temporary ban against any member of the management body or senior management of the institution or the entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or any other natural person, who is held responsible, to exercise functions in institutions or entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1);
(d)
in the case of a legal person, administrative fines of up to 10 % of the total annual net turnover of that legal person in the preceding business year. Where the legal person is a subsidiary of a parent undertaking, the relevant turnover shall be turnover resulting from the consolidated accounts of the ultimate parent undertaking in the preceding business year;
(e)
in the case of a natural person, administrative fines of up to EUR 5 000 000, or in the Member States where the Euro is not the official currency, the corresponding value in the national currency on 2 July 2014;
(f)
administrative fines of up to twice the amount of the benefit derived from the infringement where that benefit can be determined.
Article 112
Publication of administrative penalties
1.   Member States shall ensure that resolution authorities and competent authorities publish on their official website at least any administrative penalties imposed by them for infringing the national provisions transposing this Directive where such penalties have not been the subject of an appeal or where the right of appeal has been exhausted. Such publication shall be made without undue delay after the natural or legal person is informed of that penalty including information on the type and nature of the infringement and the identity of the natural or legal person on whom the penalty is imposed.
Where Member States permit publication of penalties against which there is an appeal, resolution authorities and competent authorities shall, without undue delay, publish on their official websites information on the status of that appeal and the outcome thereof.
2.   Resolution authorities and competent authorities shall publish the penalties imposed by them on an anonymous basis, in a manner which is in accordance with national law, in any of the following circumstances:
(a)
where the penalty is imposed on a natural person and publication of personal data is shown to be disproportionate by an obligatory prior assessment of the proportionality of such publication;
(b)
where publication would jeopardise the stability of financial markets or an ongoing criminal investigation;
(c)
where publication would cause, insofar as it can be determined, disproportionate damage to the institutions or entities referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) or natural persons involved.
Alternatively, in such cases, the publication of the data in question may be postponed for a reasonable period of time, if it is foreseeable that the reasons for anonymous publication will cease to exist within that period.
3.   Resolution authorities and competent authorities shall ensure that any publication in accordance with this Article shall remain on their official website for a period of at least five years. Personal data contained in the publication shall only be kept on the official website of the resolution authority or the competent authority for the period which is necessary in accordance with applicable data protection rules.
4.   By 3 July 2016, EBA shall submit a report to the Commission on the publication of penalties by Member States on an anonymous basis as provided for under paragraph 2 and in particular whether there have been significant divergences between Member States in that respect. That report shall also address any significant divergences in the duration of publication of penalties under national law for Member States for publication of penalties.
Article 113
Maintenance of central database by EBA
1.   Subject to the professional secrecy requirements referred to in Article 84, resolution authorities and competent authorities shall inform EBA of all administrative penalties imposed by them under Article 111 and of the status of that appeal and outcome thereof. EBA shall maintain a central database of penalties reported to it solely for the purpose of exchange of information between resolution authorities which shall be accessible to resolution authorities only and shall be updated on the basis of the information provided by resolution authorities. EBA shall maintain a central database of penalties reported to it solely for the purpose of exchange of information between competent authorities which shall be accessible to competent authorities only and shall be updated on the basis of the information provided by competent authorities.
2.   EBA shall maintain a webpage with links to each resolution authority’s publication of penalties and each competent authority’s publication of penalties under Article 112 and indicate the period for which each Member State publishes penalties.
Article 114
Effective application of penalties and exercise of powers to impose penalties by competent authorities and resolution authorities
Member States shall ensure that when determining the type of administrative penalties or other administrative measures and the level of administrative fines, the competent authorities and resolution authorities take into account all relevant circumstances, including where appropriate:
(a)
the gravity and the duration of the infringement;
(b)
the degree of responsibility of the natural or legal person responsible;
(c)
the financial strength of the natural or legal person responsible, for example, as indicated by the total turnover of the responsible legal person or the annual income of the responsible natural person;
(d)
the amount of profits gained or losses avoided by the natural or legal person responsible, insofar as they can be determined;
(e)
the losses for third parties caused by the infringement, insofar as they can be determined;
(f)
the level of cooperation of the natural or legal person responsible with the competent authority and the resolution authority;
(g)
previous infringements by the natural or legal person responsible;
(h)
any potential systemic consequences of the infringement.
TITLE IX
POWERS OF EXECUTION
Article 115
Exercise of the delegation
1.   The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.
2.   The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in the second paragraph of Article 2, Article 44(11), Article 76(4), Article 103(7) and (8) and Article 104(4) shall be conferred on the Commission for an indeterminate period of time from 2 July 2014.
3.   The delegation of power referred to in the second paragraph of Article 2, Article 44(11), Article 76(4), Article 103(7) and (8) and Article 104(4) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the 
Official Journal of the European Union
 or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
4.   As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.
5.   A delegated act adopted pursuant to in the second paragraph of Article 2, Article 44(11), Article 76(4), Article 103(7) and (8) or Article 104(4) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within three months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by three months at the initiative of the European Parliament or the Council.
6.   The Commission shall not adopt delegated acts where the scrutiny time of the European Parliament is reduced through recess to less than five months, including any extension.
TITLE X
AMENDMENTS TO DIRECTIVES 82/891/EEC, 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU AND 2013/36/EU AND TO REGULATIONS (EU) NO 1093/2010 AND (EU) NO 648/2012
Article 116
Amendment to Directive 82/891/EEC
Article 1(4) of Directive of 82/891/EEC is replaced by the following:
‘4.   Article 1(2), (3) and (4) of Directive 2011/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*1
)
 shall apply.
(
*1
)
  Directive 2011/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 concerning mergers of public limited liability companies (
OJ L 110, 29.4.2011, p. 1
.)’."
Article 117
Amendments to Directive 2001/24/EC
Directive 2001/24/EC is amended as follows:
(1)
In Article 1, the following paragraphs are added:
‘3.   This Directive shall also apply to investment firms as defined in point (2) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*2
)
 and their branches located in Member States other than those in which they have their head offices.
4.   In the event of application of the resolution tools and exercise of the resolution powers provided for in Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*3
)
, this Directive shall also apply to the financial institutions, firms and parent undertakings falling within the scope of Directive 2014/59/EU.
5.   Articles 4 and 7 of this Directive shall not apply where Article 83 of Directive 2014/59/EU applies.
6.   Article 33 of this Directive shall not apply where Article 84 of Directive 2014/59/EU applies.
(
*2
)
  Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (
OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1
)."
(
*3
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC, and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014. p. 190
).’;"
(2)
Article 2 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive:
—
‘home Member State’ shall mean a home Member State as defined in Article 4(1)(43) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
—
‘host Member State’ shall mean a host Member State as defined in Article 4(1)(44) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
—
‘branch’ shall mean a branch as defined in Article 4(1)(17) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;
—
‘competent authority’ shall mean a competent authority as defined in Article 4(1)(40) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 or a resolution authority within the meaning of Article 2(1)(18) of Directive 2014/59/EU in respect of reorganisation measures taken pursuant to that Directive;
—
‘administrator’ shall mean any person or body appointed by the administrative or judicial authorities whose task is to administer reorganisation measures;
—
‘administrative or judicial authorities’ shall mean such administrative or judicial authorities of the Member States as are competent for the purposes of reorganisation measures or winding-up proceedings;
—
‘reorganisation measures’ shall mean measures which are intended to preserve or restore the financial situation of a credit institution or an investment firm as defined in Article 4(1), point (2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and which could affect third parties’ pre-existing rights, including measures involving the possibility of a suspension of payments, suspension of enforcement measures or reduction of claims; those measures include the application of the resolution tools and the exercise of resolution powers provided for in Directive 2014/59/EU;
—
‘liquidator’ shall mean any person or body appointed by the administrative or judicial authorities whose task is to administer winding-up proceedings;
—
‘winding-up proceedings’ shall mean collective proceedings opened and monitored by the administrative or judicial authorities of a Member State with the aim of realising assets under the supervision of those authorities, including where the proceedings are terminated by a composition or other, similar measure;
—
‘regulated market’ shall mean a regulated market as defined in Article 4(1), point (21) of Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*4
)
;
—
‘instrument’ shall mean a financial instrument as defined in Article 4(1), point (50)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
(
*4
)
  Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 349
).’;"
(3)
Article 25 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 25
Netting agreements
Without prejudice to Articles 68 and 71 of Directive 2014/59/EU, netting agreements shall be governed solely by the law of the contract which governs such agreements.’;
(4)
Article 26 is replaced by the following:
‘Article 26
Repurchase agreements
Without prejudice to Articles 68 and 71 of Directive 2014/59/EU and Article 24 of this Directive, repurchase agreements shall be governed solely by the law of the contract which governs such agreements.’.
Article 118
Amendment to Directive 2002/47/EC
Directive 2002/47/EC is amended as follows:
(1)
In Article 1, the following paragraph is added:
‘6.   Articles 4 to 7 of this Directive shall not apply to any restriction on the enforcement of financial collateral arrangements or any restriction on the effect of a security financial collateral arrangement, any close out netting or set-off provision that is imposed by virtue of Title IV, Chapter V or VI of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*5
)
, or to any such restriction that is imposed by virtue of similar powers in the law of a Member State to facilitate the orderly resolution of any entity referred to in points (c)(iv) and (d) of paragraph 2 which is subject to safeguards at least equivalent to those set out in Title IV, Chapter VII of Directive 2014/59/EU.
(
*5
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’;"
(2)
Article 9a is replaced by the following:
‘Article 9a
Directives 2008/48/EC and 2014/59/EU
This Directive shall be without prejudice to Directives 2008/48/EC and 2014/59/EU.’.
Article 119
Amendment to Directive 2004/25/EC
In Article 4(5) of Directive 2004/25/EC, the following subparagraph is added:
‘Member States shall ensure that Article 5(1) of this Directive does not apply in the case of use of resolution tools, powers and mechanisms provided for in Title IV of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*6
)
.
(
*6
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’."
Article 120
Amendment to Directive 2005/56/EC
In Article 3 of Directive 2005/56/EEC, the following paragraph is added:
‘4.   Member States shall ensure that this Directive does not apply to the company or companies that are the subject of the use of resolution tools, powers and mechanisms provided for in Title IV of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*7
)
.
(
*7
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’."
Article 121
Amendments to Directive 2007/36/EC
Directive 2007/36/EC is amended as follows:
(1)
in Article 1, the following paragraph is added:
‘4.   Member States shall ensure that this Directive does not apply in the case of the use of resolution tools, powers and mechanisms provided for in Title IV of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*8
)
.
(
*8
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’;"
(2)
in Article 5, the following paragraphs are added:
‘5.   Member States shall ensure that for the purposes of Directive 2014/59/EU the general meeting may, by a majority of two-thirds of the votes validly cast, issue a convocation to a general meeting, or modify the statutes to prescribe that a convocation to a general meeting is issued, at shorter notice than as laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article, to decide on a capital increase, provided that that meeting does not take place within ten calendar days of the convocation, that the conditions of Article 27 or 29 of Directive 2014/59/EU are met, and that the capital increase is necessary to avoid the conditions for resolution laid down in Articles 32 and 33 of that Directive.
6.   For the purposes of paragraph 5, the obligation on each Member State to set a single deadline in Article 6(3), the obligation to ensure timely availability of a revised agenda in Article 6(4) and the obligation on each Member State to set a single record date in Article 7(3) shall not apply.’.
Article 122
Amendment to Directive 2011/35/EU
In Article 1 of Directive 2011/35/EU, the following paragraph is added:
‘4.   Member States shall ensure that this Directive does not apply to the company or companies which are the subject of the use of resolution tools, powers and mechanisms provided for in Title IV of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*9
)
.
(
*9
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’."
Article 123
Amendment to Directive 2012/30/EU
In Article 45 of Directive 2012/30/EU, the following paragraph is added:
‘3.   Member States shall ensure that Article 10, Article 19(1), Article 29(1), (2) and (3), the first subparagraph of Article 31(2), Articles 33 to 36 and Articles 40, 41 and 42 of this Directive do not apply in the case of use of the resolution tools, powers and mechanisms provided for in Title IV of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*10
)
.
(
*10
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC, and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’."
Article 124
Amendment to Directive 2013/36/EU
In Article 74 of Directive 2013/36/EU, paragraph 4 is deleted.
Article 125
Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010
Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 is amended as follows:
(1)
In Article 4, point (2) is replaced by the following:
‘(2)   
                                       ‘competent authority’ means:
(i)
competent authority as defined in Article 4(1)(40) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, and within the meaning of Directives 2007/64/EC and 2009/110/EC;
(ii)
with regard to Directives 2002/65/EC and 2005/60/EC, the authorities competent for ensuring compliance with the requirements of those Directives by credit and financial institutions;
(iii)
with regard to Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*11
)
, a designated authority as defined in Article 2(1)(18) of that Directive;
(iv)
with regard to Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
 (
*12
)
, a resolution authority as defined in Article 2(1)(18) of that Directive.
(
*11
)
  Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on Deposit Guarantee Schemes (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 149
)."
(
*12
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’;"
(2)
In Article 40(6), the following subparagraph is added:
‘For the purpose of acting within the scope of Directive 2014/59/EU, the member of the Board of Supervisors referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 may, where appropriate, be accompanied by a representative from the resolution authority in each Member State, who shall be non-voting.’.
Article 126
Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 648/2012
In Article 81(3) of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012, the following point is added:
‘(k)
the resolution authorities designated under Article 3 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and the Council
 (
*13
)
.
(
*13
)
  Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010 and (EU) No 648/2012, of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 173, 12.6.2014, p. 190
).’."
TITLE XI
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 127
EBA Resolution Committee
EBA shall create a permanent internal committee pursuant to Article 41 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 for the purpose of preparing EBA decisions to be taken in accordance with Article 44 thereof, including decisions relating to draft regulatory technical standards and draft implementing technical standards, relating to tasks that have been conferred on resolution authorities as provided for in this Directive. In particular, in accordance with Article 38(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, EBA shall ensure that no decision referred to in that article impinges in any way on the fiscal responsibilities of Member States. That internal committee shall be composed of the resolution authorities referred to in Article 3 of this Directive.
For the purposes of this Directive, EBA shall cooperate with EIOPA and ESMA within the framework of the Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities established in Article 54 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, of Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 and of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010.
For the purposes of this Directive, EBA shall ensure structural separation between the resolution committee and other functions referred to in Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010. The resolution committee shall promote the development and coordination of resolution plans and develop methods for the resolution of failing financial institutions.
Article 128
Cooperation with EBA
The competent and resolution authorities shall cooperate with EBA for the purposes of this Directive in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
The competent and resolution authorities shall, without delay, provide EBA with all the information necessary to carry out its duties in accordance with Article 35 of Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010.
Article 129
Review
By 1 June 2018, the Commission shall review the implementation of this Directive and shall submit a report thereon to the European Parliament and to the Council. It shall assess in particular the following:
(a)
on the basis of the report from EBA referred to in Article 4(7), the need for any amendments with regard to minimising divergences at national level;
(b)
on the basis of the report from EBA referred to in Article 45(19), the need for any amendments with regard to minimising divergences at national level;
(c)
the functioning and efficiency of the role conferred on EBA in this Directive, including carrying out of mediation.
Where appropriate, that report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal.
Notwithstanding the review provided for in the first subparagraph, the Commission shall, by 3 July 2017, specifically review the application of Articles 13, 18 and 45 as regards EBA’s powers to conduct binding mediation to take account of future developments in financial services law. That report and any accompanying proposals, as appropriate, shall be forwarded to the European Parliament and to the Council.
Article 130
Transposition
1.   Member States shall adopt and publish by 31 December 2014 the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those measures.
Member States shall apply those measures from 1 January 2015.
However, Member States shall apply provisions adopted in order to comply with Section 5 of Chapter IV of Title IV from 1 January 2016 at the latest.
2.   When Member States adopt the measures referred to in paragraph 1, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such a reference is to be made.
3.   Member States shall communicate to the Commission and to EBA the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 131
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the 
Official Journal of the European Union
.
Article 124 shall enter into force on 1 January 2015.
Article 132
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels, 15 May 2014.
For the European Parliament
The President
M. SCHULZ
For the Council
The President
D. KOURKOULAS
(
1
)
  
            
OJ C 39, 12.2.2013, p. 1
.
(
2
)
  
            
OJ C 44, 15.2.2013, p. 68
.
(
3
)
  Position of the European Parliament of 15 April 2014 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and the decision of the Council of 6 May 2014.
(
4
)
  Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (
OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1
).
(
5
)
  Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, amending Directive 2002/87/EC and repealing Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC (
OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 338
).
(
6
)
  Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 79/267/EEC, 92/49/EEC, 92/96/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 93/22/EEC, and Directives 98/78/EC and 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (
OJ L 35, 11.2.2003, p. 1
).
(
7
)
  Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories (
OJ L 201, 7.2.2012, p. 1
).
(
8
)
  Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Banking Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/78/EC (
OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 12
).
(
9
)
  Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on European Union macro-prudential oversight of the financial system and establishing a European Systemic Risk Board (
OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 1
).
(
10
)
  Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, amending Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC (
OJ L 182, 29.6.2013, p. 19
).
(
11
)
  Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (see page 349 of this Official Journal).
(
12
)
  Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC (See page 1 of this Official Journal).
(
13
)
  Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on Deposit Guarantee Schemes (see page 149 of this Official Journal).
(
14
)
  Directive 98/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 1998 on settlement finality in payment and securities settlement systems (
OJ L 166, 11.6.1998, p. 45
).
(
15
)
  Directive 2001/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 on the reorganisation and winding-up of credit institutions (
OJ L 125, 5.5.2001, p. 15
).
(
16
)
  Directive 2012/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on coordination of safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies within the meaning of the second paragraph of Article 54 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in respect of the formation of public limited liability companies and the maintenance and alteration of their capital, with a view to making such safeguards equivalent (
OJ L 315, 14.11.2012, p. 74
).
(
17
)
  Directive 2011/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 concerning mergers of public limited liability companies (
OJ L 110, 29.4.2011, p. 1
).
(
18
)
  Sixth Council Directive 82/891/EEC of 17 December 1982 based on Article 54(3)(g) of the Treaty, concerning the division of public limited liability companies (
OJ L 378, 31.12.1982, p. 47
).
(
19
)
  Directive 2005/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on cross-border mergers of limited liability companies (
OJ L 310, 25.11.2005, p. 1
).
(
20
)
  Directive 2004/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on takeover bids (
OJ L 142, 30.4.2004, p. 12
).
(
21
)
  Directive 2007/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the exercise of certain rights of shareholders in listed companies (
OJ L 184, 14.7.2007, p. 17
).
(
22
)
  Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Investment and Occupational Pensions Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/79/EC (
OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 48
).
(
23
)
  Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC (
OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84
).
(
24
)
  
            
OJ C 369, 17.12.2011, p. 14
.
(
25
)
  Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 of 15 October 2013 conferring specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions (
OJ L 287, 29.10.2013, p. 63
).
(
26
)
  Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) (
OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 32
).
(
27
)
  Directive 2002/47/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2002 on financial collateral arrangements (
OJ L 168, 27.6.2002, p. 43
).
(
28
)
  Directive 97/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 March 1997 on investor-compensation schemes (
OJ L 84, 26.3.1997, p. 22
).
(
29
)
  Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (
OJ L 124, 20.5.2003, p. 36
).
(
30
)
  Council Directive 2001/23/EC of 12 March 2001 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees’ rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses (
OJ L 82 22.3.2001, p. 16
).
(
31
)
  Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers and amending Directives 2003/41/EC and 2009/65/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 1095/2010 (
OJ L 174, 1.7.2011, p. 1
).
(
32
)
  Directive 2003/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading and amending Directive 2001/34/EC (
OJ L 345, 31.12.2003, p. 64
).
(
33
)
  Directive 2001/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 May 2001 on the admission of securities to official stock exchange listing and on information to be published on those securities (
OJ L 184, 6.7.2001, p. 1
).
(
34
)
  Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) (
OJ L 177, 4.7.2008, p. 6
).
(
35
)
  Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market and amending Directive 2001/34/EC (
OJ L 390, 31.12.2004, p. 38
).
ANNEX
SECTION A
Information to be included in recovery plans
The recovery plan shall include the following information:
(1)
A summary of the key elements of the plan and a summary of overall recovery capacity;
(2)
a summary of the material changes to the institution since the most recently filed recovery plan;
(3)
a communication and disclosure plan outlining how the firm intends to manage any potentially negative market reactions;
(4)
a range of capital and liquidity actions required to maintain or restore the viability and financial position of the institution;
(5)
an estimation of the timeframe for executing each material aspect of the plan;
(6)
a detailed description of any material impediment to the effective and timely execution of the plan, including consideration of impact on the rest of the group, customers and counterparties;
(7)
identification of critical functions;
(8)
a detailed description of the processes for determining the value and marketability of the core business lines, operations and assets of the institution;
(9)
a detailed description of how recovery planning is integrated into the corporate governance structure of the institution as well as the policies and procedures governing the approval of the recovery plan and identification of the persons in the organisation responsible for preparing and implementing the plan;
(10)
arrangements and measures to conserve or restore the institution’s own funds;
(11)
arrangements and measures to ensure that the institution has adequate access to contingency funding sources, including potential liquidity sources, an assessment of available collateral and an assessment of the possibility to transfer liquidity across group entities and business lines, to ensure that it can continue to carry out its operations and meet its obligations as they fall due;
(12)
arrangements and measures to reduce risk and leverage;
(13)
arrangements and measures to restructure liabilities;
(14)
arrangements and measures to restructure business lines;
(15)
arrangements and measures necessary to maintain continuous access to financial markets infrastructures;
(16)
arrangements and measures necessary to maintain the continuous functioning of the institution’s operational processes, including infrastructure and IT services;
(17)
preparatory arrangements to facilitate the sale of assets or business lines in a timeframe appropriate for the restoration of financial soundness;
(18)
other management actions or strategies to restore financial soundness and the anticipated financial effect of those actions or strategies;
(19)
preparatory measures that the institution has taken or plans to take in order to facilitate the implementation of the recovery plan, including those necessary to enable the timely recapitalisation of the institution;
(20)
a framework of indicators which identifies the points at which appropriate actions referred to in the plan may be taken.
SECTION B
Information that resolution authorities may request institutions to provide for the purposes of drawing up and maintaining resolution plans
Resolution authorities may request institutions to provide for the purposes of drawing up and maintaining resolution plans at least the following information:
(1)
a detailed description of the institution’s organisational structure including a list of all legal persons;
(2)
identification of the direct holders and the percentage of voting and non-voting rights of each legal person;
(3)
the location, jurisdiction of incorporation, licensing and key management associated with each legal person;
(4)
a mapping of the institution’s critical operations and core business lines including material asset holdings and liabilities relating to such operations and business lines, by reference to legal persons;
(5)
a detailed description of the components of the institution’s and all its legal entities’ liabilities, separating, at a minimum by types and amounts of short term and long-term debt, secured, unsecured and subordinated liabilities;
(6)
details of those liabilities of the institution that are eligible liabilities;
(7)
an identification of the processes needed to determine to whom the institution has pledged collateral, the person that holds the collateral and the jurisdiction in which the collateral is located;
(8)
a description of the off balance sheet exposures of the institution and its legal entities, including a mapping to its critical operations and core business lines;
(9)
the material hedges of the institution including a mapping to legal persons;
(10)
identification of the major or most critical counterparties of the institution as well as an analysis of the impact of the failure of major counterparties in the institution’s financial situation;
(11)
each system on which the institution conducts a material number or value amount of trades, including a mapping to the institution’s legal persons, critical operations and core business lines;
(12)
each payment, clearing or settlement system of which the institution is directly or indirectly a member, including a mapping to the institution’s legal persons, critical operations and core business lines;
(13)
a detailed inventory and description of the key management information systems, including those for risk management, accounting and financial and regulatory reporting used by the institution including a mapping to the institution’s legal persons, critical operations and core business lines;
(14)
an identification of the owners of the systems identified in point (13), service level agreements related thereto, and any software and systems or licenses, including a mapping to their legal entities, critical operations and core business lines;
(15)
an identification and mapping of the legal persons and the interconnections and interdependencies among the different legal persons such as:
—
common or shared personnel, facilities and systems;
—
capital, funding or liquidity arrangements;
—
existing or contingent credit exposures;
—
cross guarantee agreements, cross-collateral arrangements, cross-default provisions and cross-affiliate netting arrangements;
—
risks transfers and back-to-back trading arrangements; service level agreements;
(16)
the competent and resolution authority for each legal person;
(17)
the member of the management body responsible for providing the information necessary to prepare the resolution plan of the institution as well as those responsible, if different, for the different legal persons, critical operations and core business lines;
(18)
a description of the arrangements that the institution has in place to ensure that, in the event of resolution, the resolution authority will have all the necessary information, as determined by the resolution authority, for applying the resolution tools and powers;
(19)
all the agreements entered into by the institutions and their legal entities with third parties the termination of which may be triggered by a decision of the authorities to apply a resolution tool and whether the consequences of termination may affect the application of the resolution tool;
(20)
a description of possible liquidity sources for supporting resolution;
(21)
information on asset encumbrance, liquid assets, off-balance sheet activities, hedging strategies and booking practices.
SECTION C
Matters that the resolution authority is to consider when assessing the resolvability of an institution or group
When assessing the resolvability of an institution or group, the resolution authority shall consider the following:
When assessing the resolvability of a group, references to an institution shall be deemed to include any institution or entity referred to in point (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) within a group:
(1)
the extent to which the institution is able to map core business lines and critical operations to legal persons;
(2)
the extent to which legal and corporate structures are aligned with core business lines and critical operations;
(3)
the extent to which there are arrangements in place to provide for essential staff, infrastructure, funding, liquidity and capital to support and maintain the core business lines and the critical operations;
(4)
the extent to which the service agreements that the institution maintains are fully enforceable in the event of resolution of the institution;
(5)
the extent to which the governance structure of the institution is adequate for managing and ensuring compliance with the institution’s internal policies with respect to its service level agreements;
(6)
the extent to which the institution has a process for transitioning the services provided under service level agreements to third parties in the event of the separation of critical functions or of core business lines;
(7)
the extent to which there are contingency plans and measures in place to ensure continuity in access to payment and settlement systems;
(8)
the adequacy of the management information systems in ensuring that the resolution authorities are able to gather accurate and complete information regarding the core business lines and critical operations so as to facilitate rapid decision making;
(9)
the capacity of the management information systems to provide the information essential for the effective resolution of the institution at all times even under rapidly changing conditions;
(10)
the extent to which the institution has tested its management information systems under stress scenarios as defined by the resolution authority;
(11)
the extent to which the institution can ensure the continuity of its management information systems both for the affected institution and the new institution in the case that the critical operations and core business lines are separated from the rest of the operations and business lines;
(12)
the extent to which the institution has established adequate processes to ensure that it provides the resolution authorities with the information necessary to identify depositors and the amounts covered by the deposit guarantee schemes;
(13)
where the group uses intra-group guarantees, the extent to which those guarantees are provided at market conditions and the risk management systems concerning those guarantees are robust;
(14)
where the group engages in back-to-back transactions, the extent to which those transactions are performed at market conditions and the risk management systems concerning those transactions practices are robust;
(15)
the extent to which the use of intra-group guarantees or back-to-back booking transactions increases contagion across the group;
(16)
the extent to which the legal structure of the group inhibits the application of the resolution tools as a result of the number of legal persons, the complexity of the group structure or the difficulty in aligning business lines to group entities;
(17)
the amount and type of eligible liabilities of the institution;
(18)
where the assessment involves a mixed activity holding company, the extent to which the resolution of group entities that are institutions or financial institutions could have a negative impact on the non-financial part of the group;
(19)
the existence and robustness of service level agreements;
(20)
whether third-country authorities have the resolution tools necessary to support resolution actions by Union resolution authorities, and the scope for coordinated action between Union and third-country authorities;
(21)
the feasibility of using resolution tools in such a way which meets the resolution objectives, given the tools available and the institution’s structure;
(22)
the extent to which the group structure allows the resolution authority to resolve the whole group or one or more of its group entities without causing a significant direct or indirect adverse effect on the financial system, market confidence or the economy and with a view to maximising the value of the group as a whole;
(23)
the arrangements and means through which resolution could be facilitated in the cases of groups that have subsidiaries established in different jurisdictions;
(24)
the credibility of using resolution tools in such a way which meets the resolution objectives, given possible impacts on creditors, counterparties, customers and employees and possible actions that third-country authorities may take;
(25)
the extent to which the impact of the institution’s resolution on the financial system and on financial market’s confidence can be adequately evaluated;
(26)
the extent to which the resolution of the institution could have a significant direct or indirect adverse effect on the financial system, market confidence or the economy;
(27)
the extent to which contagion to other institutions or to the financial markets could be contained through the application of the resolution tools and powers;
(28)
the extent to which the resolution of the institution could have a significant effect on the operation of payment and settlement systems.

Summary:
Addressing troubled financial institutions’ problems
SUMMARY OF:
Directive 2014/59/EU on rules for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms
WHAT IS THE AIM OF THE DIRECTIVE?
Directive 2014/59/EU sets out new rules covering troubled financial institutions because many 
European Union
 (EU) 
Member States
 had to inject public money into their banking systems to rescue banks in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
The 
directive
 aims to avoid 
bailouts
 that involve the use of taxpayers’ money in future cases of bank failure.
It establishes 
common EU rules for the recovery and restructuring of failing banks
.
KEY POINTS
Banks in difficulties – prevention
Each bank has to prepare a 
recovery plan
 and submit it to the national competent authority.
The national resolution authority also has to draw up a 
resolution plan
 in case recovery is not effective and restructuring (resolution) is necessary.
Both plans set out the action to be taken if a bank runs into difficulties leading to its failure.
Banks in a difficult financial situation – early intervention
When a bank is in a difficult financial situation, the national competent authority has the power to intervene, for example by appointing a temporary administrator of the bank.
Failing banks – restructuring (resolution)
If the bank’s decline continues, the national resolution authority has a variety of powers to minimise the cost of its failure to taxpayers, including requiring the private sector to bear the costs first.
This 
bail-in mechanism
, which marks a change of tack compared to the public bailout tool, had to enter into force by 
January 2016
. Member States could decide to incorporate the bail-in tool into their legal systems before this date.
If a bank collapses, 
shareholders
 are first in line to cover the restructuring costs. Next, 
creditors
 are asked to contribute, with 
non-guaranteed depositors
 (holding deposits over €100,000) stepping in last. Amending Directive (EU) 
2017/2399
 harmonised the rules on bank creditors’ hierarchy through the creation of a 
new class of senior non-preferred debt
 that ranks in insolvency above own-funds instruments and subordinated liabilities but below other senior liabilities. This new statutory insolvency ranking for senior non-preferred debt aims to improve the application of the bail-in tool with respect to debt instruments that are eligible for the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL). It will also help with the implementation in the EU of the 
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity standard
 for 
global systemically important financial institutions
.
The shareholders and creditors have to contribute to the losses of the failing institution. They cover losses of not less than 
8 %
 of the total liabilities (debts or obligations) of the bank undergoing a restructuring plan. If there are still losses to cover, the resolution fund (see below) can intervene. Other powers national authorities have include the possibility to sell the institution undergoing restructuring or merge it with another one.
To implement the Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity standard developed by the 
Financial Stability Board
 in November 2015, amending Directive (EU) 
2019/879
 introduced new rules concerning the loss-absorbing and recapitalisation capacity of credit institutions and investment firms.
Amending Directive (EU) 
2022/2556
 aligns the provisions of the directive, and several other related directives, with the requirements on ICT risk for financial entities set out in the digital operational resilience of the financial sector regulation, Regulation (EU) 
2022/2554
 (see 
summary
).
National resolution funds to provide financial support for banks’ restructuring plans
Each Member State has to establish a 
national resolution fund
 financed in advance by credit institutions and investment firms established in its territory. This fund is to be used to 
finance the restructuring of a failing bank
.
European single access point
Amending Directive (EU) 
2023/2864
 inserts an article in Directive 2014/59/EU requiring Member States, from 
10 January 2030
, to ensure that, when making public any regulated information, the relevant entity submits that information at the same time to the collection body. They must also notify the 
European Securities and Markets Authority
 for the purpose of making it accessible on the 
European single access point
, set up under Regulation (EU) 
2023/2859
.
Setting the internal MREL on a consolidated basis
Amending Directive (EU) 
2024/1174
 introduces rules allowing the resolution authorities to 
set the internal MREL on a consolidated basis
, subject to certain conditions. This is to mitigate the possibility of a disproportionate, detrimental impact for certain banking group structures, namely those operating under a parent holding company and certain operating company structures – a scenario identified by the 
European Commission
. Where a banking group is permitted by the resolution authority to apply this consolidated treatment, the intermediate subsidiaries will not be obliged to deduct their individual holdings of the internal MREL.
Implementing acts
 and 
delegated acts
Between 2015 and 2024, the Commission adopted a series of 
implementing and delegated acts
 in relation to Directive 2014/59/EU. These include:
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2015/63
 on:
calculating and adjusting the risk profile of institutions and the contributions to be paid by banks to resolution funds, and
information that banks must provide so that their contribution to a resolution fund can be calculated;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/778
 on:
the circumstances and conditions under which an institution’s repayment contributions to a resolution fund may be partially or entirely postponed,
the criteria used to determine which of the institution’s activities, services and operations are essential to the economy, and
the criteria used to determine core business lines and associated services;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/860
 further specifying the circumstances in which exclusion from the application of write-down or conversion powers is necessary under Article 44(3) of Directive 2014/59/EU;
Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2016/911
 on the form and the content of the description of group financial support agreements;
Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2016/962
 on uniform formats, templates and definitions for the competent authorities to use when identifying and transmitting information from the competent authorities and resolution authorities to the 
European Banking Authority
;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1075
 on, among other things, standards for the content of recovery plans, resolution plans and group resolution plans;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1400
 on the minimum elements of a business reorganisation plan and the minimum contents of the reports on its implementation;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1401
 on standards for methodologies and principles on the valuation of liabilities arising from derivatives;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1450
 on criteria relating to the methodology for setting the MREL;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1712
 on standards for information on financial contracts;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2017/867
 on classes of arrangements to be protected in a partial property transfer;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2018/344
 on regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria relating to the methodologies for valuation of difference in treatment in resolution;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2018/345
 on regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria relating to the methodology for assessing the value of assets and liabilities of institutions or entities;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2019/348
 on regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria for assessing the impact of an institution’s failure on financial markets, on other institutions and on funding conditions;
Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2021/622
 on implementing technical standards with regard to templates, instructions and methodology for reporting on the MREL to the European Banking Authority;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1118
 on regulatory technical standards specifying the methodology to be used by resolution authorities to estimate the requirement referred to in Directive 2013/36/EU and the combined buffer requirement for resolution entities at the resolution group consolidated level where the resolution group is not subject to those requirements under the directive;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1340
 on regulatory technical standards determining the content of the contractual terms on recognition of resolution stay powers;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1527
 on regulatory technical standards for the contractual recognition of write-down and conversion powers;
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2023/662
 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/63 as regards the methodology for the calculation of liabilities arising from derivatives;
Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2024/1618
 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/763 with regard to the supervisory reporting and public disclosure of the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities; and
Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2024/895
 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/63 as regards the calculation of eligible liabilities and the transitional regime.
FROM WHEN DO THE RULES APPLY?
Directive 2014/59/EU
 had to be 
transposed
 into national law by 
31 December 2014
, and the rules have applied since 
1 January 2015
.
Amending Directive (EU) 2017/2399
 had to be transposed into national law by 
29 December 2018
, and the rules have applied since that date.
Amending Directive (EU) 2019/879
 had to be transposed into national law by 
28 December 2020
. Its rules have applied in the Member States since that date, with the exception of the rule on the public disclosure of the MREL, which has applied since 
1 January 2024
, with later dates of application possible in certain circumstances.
Amending Directive (EU) 2022/2556
 had to be transposed into national law by 
17 January 2025
, and the rules have applied since that date.
Amending Directive (EU) 2023/2864
 has to be transposed into national law by 
10 January 2026
 and will apply from that date.
Amending Directive (EU) 2024/1174
 had to be transposed into national law by 
13 November 2024
, and the rules have applied since 
14 November 2024
.
BACKGROUND
For further information, see:
Bank recovery and resolution
 (European Commission).
MAIN DOCUMENT
Directive 
2014/59/EU
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
15 May 2014
 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Council Directive 82/891/EEC, and Directives 2001/24/EC, 2002/47/EC, 2004/25/EC, 2005/56/EC, 2007/36/EC, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU and 2013/36/EU, and Regulations (EU) 
No 1093/2010
 and (EU) 
No 648/2012
, of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 173, 
12.6.2014
, 
pp. 190–348
).
Successive amendments to Directive 2014/59/EU have been incorporated into the original text. This 
consolidated version
 is of documentary value only.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Regulation (EU) 
2023/2859
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
13 December 2023
 establishing a European single access point providing centralised access to publicly available information of relevance to financial services, capital markets and sustainability (OJ L, 2023/2859, 
20.12.2023
).
See 
consolidated version
.
Regulation (EU) 
2022/2554
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
14 December 2022
 on digital operational resilience for the financial sector and amending Regulations (EC) 
No 1060/2009
, (EU) 
No 648/2012
, (EU) 
No 600/2014
, (EU) 
No 909/2014
 and (EU) 2016/1011 (OJ L 333, 
27.12.2022
, 
pp. 1–79
).
Directive (EU) 
2022/2556
 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 
14 December 2022
 amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2009/138/EC, 2011/61/EU, 2013/36/EU, 2014/59/EU, 2014/65/EU, (EU) 2015/2366 and (EU) 2016/2341 as regards digital operational resilience for the financial sector (OJ L 333, 
27.12.2022
, 
pp. 153–163
).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2021/622
 of 
15 April 2021
 laying down implementing technical standards for the application of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to uniform reporting templates, instructions and methodology for reporting on the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (OJ L 131, 
16.4.2021
, 
pp. 123–136
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1118
 of 
26 March 2021
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the methodology to be used by resolution authorities to estimate the requirement referred to in Article 104a of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and the combined buffer requirement for resolution entities at the resolution group consolidated level where the resolution group is not subject to those requirements under that Directive (OJ L 241, 
8.7.2021
, 
pp. 1–6
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1340
 of 
22 April 2021
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards determining the content of the contractual terms on recognition of resolution stay powers (OJ L 292, 
16.8.2021
, 
pp. 1–3
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2021/1527
 of 
31 May 2021
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards for the contractual recognition of write down and conversion powers (OJ L 329, 
17.9.2021
, 
pp. 2–5
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2019/348
 of 
25 October 2018
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria for assessing the impact of an institution’s failure on financial markets, on other institutions and on funding conditions (OJ L 63, 
4.3.2019
, 
pp. 1–11
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2018/344
 of 
14 November 2017
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria relating to the methodologies for valuation of difference in treatment in resolution (OJ L 67, 
9.3.2018
, 
pp. 3–7
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2018/345
 of 
14 November 2017
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria relating to the methodology for assessing the value of assets and liabilities of institutions or entities (OJ L 67, 
9.3.2018
, 
pp. 8–17
).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2018/1624
 of 
23 October 2018
 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to procedures and standard forms and templates for the provision of information for the purposes of resolution plans for credit institutions and investment firms pursuant to Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1066 (OJ L 277, 
7.11.2018
, 
pp. 1–65
).
See 
consolidated version
.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2017/867
 of 
7 February 2017
 on classes of arrangements to be protected in a partial property transfer under Article 76 of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 131, 
20.5.2017
, 
pp. 15–19
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/778
 of 
2 February 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the circumstances and conditions under which the payment of extraordinary ex post contributions may be partially or entirely deferred, and on the criteria for the determination of the activities, services and operations with regard to critical functions, and for the determination of the business lines and associated services with regard to core business lines (OJ L 131, 
20.5.2016
, 
pp. 41–47
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/860
 of 
4 February 2016
 specifying further the circumstances where exclusion from the application of write-down or conversion powers is necessary under Article 44(3) of Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms (OJ L 144, 
1.6.2016
, 
pp. 11–20
).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2016/911
 of 
9 June 2016
 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the form and the content of the description of group financial support agreements in accordance with Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms (OJ L 153, 
10.6.2016
, 
pp. 25–27
).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 
2016/962
 of 
16 June 2016
 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the uniform formats, templates and definitions for the identification and transmission of information by competent authorities and resolution authorities to the European Banking Authority according to Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 160, 
17.6.2016
, 
pp. 35–49
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1075
 of 
23 March 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the content of recovery plans, resolution plans and group resolution plans, the minimum criteria that the competent authority is to assess as regards recovery plans and group recovery plans, the conditions for group financial support, the requirements for independent valuers, the contractual recognition of write-down and conversion powers, the procedures and contents of notification requirements and of notice of suspension and the operational functioning of the resolution colleges (OJ L 184, 
8.7.2016
, 
pp. 1–71
).
See 
consolidated version
.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1400
 of 
10 May 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the minimum elements of a business reorganisation plan and the minimum contents of the reports on the progress in the implementation of the plan (OJ L 228, 
23.8.2016
, 
pp. 1–6
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1401
 of 
23 May 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms with regard to regulatory technical standards for methodologies and principles on the valuation of liabilities arising from derivatives (OJ L 228, 
23.8.2016
, 
pp. 7–15
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1450
 of 
23 May 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria relating to the methodology for setting the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (OJ L 237, 
3.9.2016
, 
pp. 1–9
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2016/1712
 of 
7 June 2016
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying a minimum set of the information on financial contracts that should be contained in the detailed records and the circumstances in which the requirement should be imposed (OJ L 258, 
24.9.2016
, 
pp. 1–7
).
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 
2015/63
 of 
21 October 2014
 supplementing Directive 2014/59/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ex ante contributions to resolution financing arrangements (OJ L 11, 
17.1.2015
, 
pp. 44–64
).
See 
consolidated version
.
last update 
9.11.2024

--- DANISH ---

Document:
12.6.2014
DA
Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
L 173/190
EUROPA-PARLAMENTETS OG RÅDETS DIREKTIV 2014/59/EU
af 15. maj 2014
om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets direktiv 82/891/EØF og Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU samt forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012
(EØS-relevant tekst)
EUROPA-PARLAMENTET OG RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION HAR —
under henvisning til traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde, særlig artikel 114,
under henvisning til forslag fra Europa-Kommissionen,
efter fremsendelse af udkast til lovgivningsmæssig retsakt til de nationale parlamenter,
under henvisning til udtalelse fra Den Europæiske Centralbank 
(
1
)
,
under henvisning til udtalelse fra Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg 
(
2
)
,
efter den almindelige lovgivningsprocedure 
(
3
)
, og
ud fra følgende betragtninger:
(1)
Den finansielle krise har vist, at der i høj grad mangler gode værktøjer på EU-plan til effektiv håndtering af usunde eller nødlidende kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber (»institutter«). Der er navnlig behov for sådanne værktøjer for at forebygge insolvens eller, når der opstår insolvens, at minimere de negative konsekvenser ved at bevare det berørte instituts systemisk vigtige funktioner. Under krisen var disse udfordringer en af de væsentlige faktorer, der tvang medlemsstaterne til at redde institutter med skatteydernes penge. Målet med et troværdigt regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling er så vidt muligt at fjerne behovet for sådanne tiltag.
(2)
Den finansielle krise var af systemisk karakter, idet den påvirkede et stort antal kreditinstitutters adgang til finansiering. For at undgå et sammenbrud med konsekvenser for den samlede økonomi kræver en sådan krise foranstaltninger, der sigter på at sikre adgang til finansiering under ensartede forhold for alle kreditinstitutter, der ellers er solvente. Sådanne foranstaltninger indebærer likviditetsstøtte fra centralbanker og garantier fra medlemsstaterne for værdipapirer, der var udstedt af solvente kreditinstitutter.
(3)
De finansielle markeder i Unionen er i høj grad integrerede og indbyrdes forbundne, og de tæller mange institutter med vidtrækkende aktiviteter på tværs af de nationale grænser. Et grænseoverskridende instituts sammenbrud vil med stor sandsynlighed påvirke stabiliteten på de finansielle markeder i de forskellige medlemsstater, hvor det driver virksomhed. Det forhold, at medlemsstaterne ikke har mulighed for at tage kontrollen over et nødlidende institut og afvikle det på en måde, der effektivt forhindrer yderligere systemisk skade, kan undergrave medlemsstaternes indbyrdes tillid og troværdigheden af det indre marked for finansielle tjenesteydelser. De finansielle markeders stabilitet er derfor en væsentlig forudsætning for det indre markeds gennemførelse og funktion.
(4)
I øjeblikket er procedurerne for afvikling af institutter ikke harmoniseret på EU-plan. Nogle medlemsstater anvender de samme procedurer på institutter som på andre insolvente virksomheder og har i nogle tilfælde tilpasset dem med henblik på institutter. Der er betydelige materielle og processuelle forskelle mellem de love og administrative bestemmelser, der gælder for institutters insolvens i medlemsstaterne. Den finansielle krise har endvidere gjort det klart, at den almindelige insolvensbehandling af virksomheder ikke nødvendigvis altid er hensigtsmæssig i forbindelse med institutter, da den ikke altid sikrer tilstrækkelig hurtig indgriben, videreførelse af institutters kritiske funktioner og bevarelse af den finansielle stabilitet.
(5)
Der bør derfor indføres en ordning, som giver myndighederne et troværdigt sæt af værktøjer til at gribe ind tilstrækkelig tidligt og hurtigt over for et usundt eller nødlidende institut, så man sikrer videreførelse af instituttets kritiske finansielle og økonomiske funktioner, samtidig med at man minimerer virkningerne af instituttets sammenbrud for økonomien og det finansielle system. Ordningen bør sikre, at tab i første række bæres af aktionærer og dernæst af kreditorer, forudsat at ingen kreditor påføres større tab, end vedkommende ville være blevet påført, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, i overensstemmelse med princippet om at ingen kreditorer må stilles ringere, som fastsat i dette direktiv. Nye beføjelser bør sætte myndighederne i stand til eksempelvis at opretholde uafbrudt adgang til indskud og betalingstransaktioner, eventuelt at sælge levedygtige dele af instituttet og at fordele tabene på en retfærdig og forudsigelig måde. Disse mål forventes at bidrage til at undgå en destabilisering af de finansielle markeder og minimere omkostningerne for skatteyderne.
(6)
Den igangværende revision af regelsættet, navnlig styrkelsen af kapital- og likviditetsbuffere og forbedringen af værktøjerne for makroprudentielle politikker, bør mindske risikoen for fremtidige kriser og øge institutternes modstandsdygtighed over for økonomisk stress, hvad enten denne stress skyldes systemiske forstyrrelser eller hændelser, som er specifikke for det enkelte institut. Det er imidlertid ikke muligt at udarbejde lovgivnings- og tilsynsregler, som kan forhindre disse institutter i nogensinde at komme i vanskeligheder. Medlemsstaterne bør derfor have et beredskab og råde over egnede genopretnings- og afviklingsværktøjer med henblik på at håndtere såvel systemiske kriser som enkelte institutters sammenbrud. Sådanne værktøjer bør bl.a. omfatte mekanismer, der sætter myndighederne i stand til at tage sig effektivt af nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende institutter.
(7)
Der bør ved udøvelsen af sådanne beføjelser og fastlæggelsen af foranstaltninger tages hensyn til de omstændigheder, hvorunder sammenbruddet finder sted. Hvis problemet opstår i et individuelt institut, og resten af det finansielle system ikke er berørt, bør myndighederne kunne udøve deres afviklingsbeføjelser uden større hensyn til afsmitningseffekter. Er der derimod tale om et sårbart miljø, bør der udvises større omhu for at undgå at destabilisere de finansielle markeder.
(8)
Afvikling af et institut med henblik på at videreføre det som en going concern kan som en sidste udvej indebære brug af offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsværktøjer, herunder midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab. Det er derfor vigtigt, at afviklingsbeføjelserne og ordningerne for finansiering af afvikling udformes på en måde, der sikrer, at det er skatteyderne, der får gavn af et eventuelt overskud fra omstruktureringen af et institut, som myndighederne har bragt på fode igen. Ansvarlighed og påtagelse af risici bør belønnes.
(9)
Nogle medlemsstater har allerede vedtaget lovændringer, hvorved der indføres mekanismer til afvikling af nødlidende institutter; andre har meddelt deres hensigt om at indføre sådanne mekanismer, hvis det ikke sker på EU-plan. Den omstændighed, at der ikke findes fælles betingelser, beføjelser og procedurer for afvikling af institutter, er sandsynligvis en hindring for, at det indre marked kan fungere gnidningsløst, og for samarbejdet mellem nationale myndigheder om håndtering af nødlidende grænseoverskridende institutkoncerner. Dette gælder navnlig, når forskellige tilgange betyder, at nationale myndigheder ikke har samme grad af kontrol over eller samme mulighed for at afvikle institutter. Disse forskelle i afviklingsordningerne kan også berøre institutternes finansieringsomkostninger forskelligt i de forskellige medlemsstater og potentielt skabe konkurrenceforvridninger mellem institutterne. Det er endvidere nødvendigt med effektive afviklingsordninger i alle medlemsstater for at sikre, at institutterne ikke hæmmes i udøvelsen af den frie etableringsret i det indre marked på grund af deres hjemlands manglende finansielle kapacitet til at håndtere deres sammenbrud.
(10)
Disse hindringer bør ryddes af vejen, og der bør indføres regler for at sikre, at bestemmelserne om det indre marked ikke undermineres. Med henblik herpå bør reglerne om afvikling af institutter underkastes et fælles minimum af harmonisering.
(11)
For at sikre overensstemmelse med den eksisterende EU-lovgivning vedrørende finansielle tjenesteydelser og størst mulig finansiel stabilitet for hele viften af institutter bør afviklingsordningen finde anvendelse på institutter under overholdelse af tilsynskravene i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 
(
4
)
 og Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/36/EU 
(
5
)
. Ordningen bør også gælde for finansielle holdingselskaber, blandede finansielle holdingselskaber, jf. Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2002/87/EF 
(
6
)
, blandede holdingselskaber og finansieringsinstitutter, når sidstnævnte er datterselskaber af et institut eller af et finansielt holdingselskab, et blandet finansielt holdingselskab eller et blandet holdingselskab, som er underlagt tilsyn af moderselskabet på et konsolideret grundlag. Krisen har gjort det klart, at insolvens i en enhed, der tilhører en koncern, hurtigt kan belaste hele koncernens solvens og dermed i sig selv få systemiske konsekvenser. Myndighederne bør derfor have effektive midler til at sætte ind over for disse enheder for at forebygge afsmitningseffekter og udarbejde en konsistent afviklingsordning for koncernen som helhed, eftersom insolvens i en enhed, der tilhører en koncern, hurtigt kan belaste hele koncernens solvens.
(12)
Af hensyn til konsekvensen i de lovgivningsmæssige rammer kunne centrale modparter som defineret i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012 
(
7
)
 og værdipapircentraler som defineret i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets kommende forordning om forbedring af værdipapirafviklingen i Den Europæiske Union og om værdipapircentraler (CSD'er) behandles i et separat lovgivningsmæssigt initiativ om indførelse af et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af disse virksomheder.
(13)
Anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser i henhold til dette direktiv kan gribe forstyrrende ind i aktionærers og kreditorers rettigheder. Myndighedernes beføjelse til at overføre et instituts aktier eller alle eller en del af dets aktiver til en privat køber uden aktionærernes samtykke berører f.eks. aktionærernes ejendomsrettigheder. Desuden kan beføjelsen til at beslutte, hvilke passiver der skal overføres fra et nødlidende institut, ud fra målene om at sikre videreførelsen af ydelser og undgå negative virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet, berøre den upartiske behandling af kreditorer. Der bør derfor kun træffes afviklingshandlinger, når det er i samfundets interesse, og ethvert indgreb i aktionærernes og kreditorernes rettigheder, som er et resultat af en afviklingshandling, bør være i overensstemmelse med Den Europæiske Unions charter om grundlæggende rettigheder (»chartret«). Hvis kreditorer inden for samme klasse behandles forskelligt som led i en afviklingshandling, bør sådanne forskelle navnlig være begrundet i hensynet til samfundets interesse og stå i forhold til de konkrete risici, og de må hverken direkte eller indirekte medføre forskelsbehandling på grund af nationalitet.
(14)
Myndigheder bør tage hensyn til karakteren af et instituts forretningsaktiviteter, dets aktionærstruktur, retlige form, risikoprofil, størrelse, retlige status og dets forbundethed med andre institutter eller med det finansielle system generelt, omfanget og kompleksiteten af dets aktiviteter, hvorvidt det er medlem af en institutsikringsordning eller af andre kooperative systemer for gensidig solidaritet, hvorvidt det udfører investeringsservice eller -aktiviteter, og hvorvidt dets sammenbrud og efterfølgende likvidation ved almindelig insolvensbehandling kan forventes at få en betydelig negativ indvirkning på de finansielle markeder, på andre institutter, på finansieringsvilkårene eller på økonomien i almindelighed, både i forbindelse med genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner og når de anvender de forskellige beføjelser og værktøjer, de råder over, således at det sikres, at ordningen anvendes på formålstjenlig og forholdsmæssig vis, og at der er minimale administrative byrder i forbindelse med forpligtelserne til at udarbejde genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner. De indholds- og informationsmæssige krav i dette direktiv og i dets bilag fastlægger en minimumsstandard for institutter med åbenbar systemisk relevans, men myndighederne bør samtidig for individuelle institutters vedkommende have mulighed for at anvende andre eller væsentligt mindskede krav vedrørende genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner og informationskrav samt en lavere ajourføringshyppighed end et år. For så vidt angår et lille institut med få forbindelser og ukompliceret opbygning bør en genopretningsplan kunne begrænses til visse basale oplysninger om struktur, udløsningsmekanismer for genopretningsforanstaltninger og genopretningsmuligheder. Såfremt et institut kunne få lov til at gå konkurs, vil afviklingsplanen også kunne reduceres. Desuden bør ordningen anvendes på en sådan måde, at de finansielle markeders stabilitet ikke bringes i fare. Navnlig i situationer, hvor der er mere omfattende problemer eller endog tvivl om mange institutters modstandsdygtighed, er det afgørende, at myndighederne tager højde for risikoen for afsmitningseffekter af de foranstaltninger, der træffes i forbindelse med individuelle institutter.
(15)
For at kunne handle med den fornødne hurtighed, sikre uafhængighed af økonomiske aktører og undgå interessekonflikter bør medlemsstaterne udpege offentlige administrative myndigheder eller myndigheder med offentlige administrative beføjelser til at varetage de funktioner og opgaver, der vedrører afvikling i medfør af dette direktiv. Medlemsstaterne bør sikre, at disse afviklingsmyndigheder tildeles passende ressourcer. Udpegelse af offentlige myndigheder bør ikke udelukke delegation under en afviklingsmyndigheds ansvar. Det er imidlertid ikke nødvendigt at foreskrive, præcis hvilken type af myndighed eller myndigheder medlemsstaterne skal udpege som afviklingsmyndighed. En harmonisering af dette aspekt kan ganske vist lette koordineringen, men vil også gribe betydeligt ind i medlemsstaternes forfatningsmæssige og administrative systemer. Det er muligt at opnå en tilstrækkelig grad af koordinering med et mindre indgribende krav: Alle nationale myndigheder, der beskæftiger sig med afvikling af institutter, bør være repræsenteret i afviklingskollegier, hvor der bør foretages en koordinering på grænseoverskridende plan eller EU-plan. Medlemsstaterne bør derfor frit kunne vælge, hvilke myndigheder der skal have ansvaret for at anvende de afviklingsværktøjer og udøve de beføjelser, der er fastsat i dette direktiv. Såfremt en medlemsstat til hvervet som afviklingsmyndighed udpeger den myndighed, som er ansvarlig for tilsynet med institutter (kompetent myndighed), bør der træffes passende strukturelle foranstaltninger med henblik på at adskille tilsyns- og afviklingsfunktionerne. En sådan adskillelse bør ikke forhindre afviklingsfunktionen i at få adgang til alle oplysninger, som er til rådighed for tilsynsfunktionen.
(16)
I betragtning af de konsekvenser, som et instituts sammenbrud kan have for en medlemsstats finansielle system og økonomi, og det mulige behov for at anvende offentlige midler til at løse en krise bør medlemsstaternes finansministerier eller andre relevante ministerier på et tidligt tidspunkt inddrages tæt i forløbet med krisestyring og -løsning.
(17)
Effektiv afvikling af institutter eller koncerner, der opererer på tværs af Unionen, kræver samarbejde mellem de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne i tilsyns- og afviklingskollegier i alle de etaper, der er omfattet af dette direktiv, fra udarbejdelsen af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner til et instituts faktiske afvikling. I tilfælde af tvister mellem nationale myndigheder om afgørelser, der skal træffes i henhold til dette direktiv vedrørende institutter, bør Den Europæiske Banktilsynsmyndighed (»EBA«), oprettet ved Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 
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, når det er præciseret i dette direktiv, som en sidste udvej have en mæglende rolle. I visse tilfælde indeholder dette direktiv bestemmelser om bindende mægling foretaget af EBA i overensstemmelse med artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010. Sådan mægling forhindrer ikke ikkebindende mægling i overensstemmelse med artikel 31 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 i andre tilfælde.
(18)
I forbindelse med afvikling af institutter eller koncerner, der opererer på tværs af Unionen, bør de afgørelser, der træffes, også sigte på at bevare den finansielle stabilitet og minimere de økonomiske og sociale konsekvenser i de medlemsstater, hvor instituttet eller koncernen opererer.
(19)
For at kunne håndtere nødlidende institutter effektivt bør myndighederne have beføjelse til at kræve gennemførelse af forberedende og forebyggende foranstaltninger.
(20)
I lyset af udvidelsen af EBA's ansvar og opgaver fastsat i dette direktiv bør Europa-Parlamentet, Rådet og Kommissionen sikre, at de fornødne menneskelige og finansielle ressourcer stilles til rådighed hurtigst muligt. Proceduren for fastlæggelse, gennemførelse og kontrol af EBA's budget, jf. artikel 63 og 64 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, bør med henblik herpå tage behørigt højde for disse opgaver. Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet bør sikre, at de bedste standarder for effektivitet følges.
(21)
Det er afgørende, at alle institutter udarbejder og regelmæssigt ajourfører genopretningsplaner, der beskriver de foranstaltninger, som de pågældende institutter skal træffe med henblik på genopretning af deres finansielle stilling efter en betydelig forværring. Disse planer bør være detaljerede og baseret på realistiske antagelser gældende for en række solide og krævende scenarier. Kravet om udarbejdelse af en genopretningsplan bør imidlertid finde anvendelse forholdsmæssigt, under hensyntagen til instituttets eller koncernens systemiske betydning og dens indbyrdes forbundethed, herunder gennem gensidige garantiordninger. På samme måde bør der i kravene til planens indhold også tages hensyn til arten af instituttets finansieringskilder, herunder gensidige garantiordninger for finansiering eller forpligtelser, og til, i hvilket omfang der reelt kan forventes støtte fra koncernen. Der bør stilles krav til institutterne om at forelægge deres planer for de kompetente myndigheder til en samlet vurdering, bl.a. af om planerne er fuldstændige og gør det muligt at genoprette et instituts levedygtighed inden for rimelig tid, også i perioder med alvorlig finansiel stress.
(22)
Genopretningsplaner bør omfatte mulige foranstaltninger, som instituttets ledelse bør træffe, når betingelserne for tidlig indgriben er opfyldt.
(23)
Den relevante myndighed bør ved vurderingen af, om foranstaltninger iværksat af den private sektor vil kunne forhindre et instituts sammenbrud inden for en rimeligt tidsfrist, tage hensyn til effektiviteten af foranstaltninger til tidlig indgriben, der træffes inden for den tidsfrist, som på forhånd er fastsat af den kompetente myndighed. For så vidt angår koncerngenopretningsplaner bør der ved udarbejdelsen af sådanne planer tages hensyn til genopretningsforanstaltningernes potentielle indvirkning på alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed.
(24)
Hvis et institut ikke forelægger en fyldestgørende genopretningsplan, bør de kompetente myndigheder have beføjelse til at kræve, at det pågældende institut træffer de nødvendige foranstaltninger til at afhjælpe planens væsentlige mangler. Dette krav kan berøre friheden til at oprette og drive egen virksomhed, som er sikret ved artikel 16 i chartret. Begrænsningen af denne grundlæggende rettighed er imidlertid nødvendig for at opfylde målene om finansiel stabilitet. Nærmere bestemt er en sådan begrænsning nødvendig for at styrke institutternes forretningsaktiviteter, og for at undgå, at de vokser umådeholdent eller tager uforholdsmæssigt store risici uden at være i stand til at håndtere tilbageslag og tab og til at genoprette deres kapitalgrundlag. Begrænsningen er forholdsmæssigt afpasset, fordi den tillader forebyggende foranstaltninger i det omfang, det er nødvendigt for at afhjælpe manglerne, og er dermed i overensstemmelse med artikel 52 i chartret.
(25)
Afviklingsplanlægning er et væsentligt element i en effektiv afvikling. Myndighederne bør være i besiddelse af alle de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for at identificere og sikre videreførelse af kritiske funktioner. Indholdet af en afviklingsplan bør dog stå i passende forhold til instituttets eller koncernens systemiske betydning.
(26)
På grund af institutternes privilegerede kendskab til deres egen funktionsmåde og hermed forbundne problemer bør de afviklingsplaner, som afviklingsmyndighederne udarbejder, bl.a. være baseret på de oplysninger, som de berørte institutter har afgivet.
(27)
I overensstemmelse med proportionalitetsprincippet og for at undgå uforholdsmæssigt store administrative byrder bør der være mulighed for, at kompetente myndigheder og, når det er relevant, afviklingsmyndigheder på enkeltsagsbasis kan give fritagelse fra kravene om udarbejdelse af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner i de begrænsede tilfælde, der er præciseret i dette direktiv. Sådanne tilfælde omfatter institutter, der er tilknyttet til et centralt organ, og som helt eller delvis er undtaget fra de tilsynsmæssige krav i national ret i overensstemmelse med artikel 21 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og institutter, der er omfattet af en institutsikringsordning i overensstemmelse med artikel 113, stk. 7, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013. I hvert enkelt tilfælde bør fritagelse indrømmes på de betingelser, der er præciseret i dette direktiv.
(28)
Under hensyntagen til kapitalstrukturen i institutter, der er tilknyttet et centralt organ, bør disse institutter ikke være forpligtet til hver især at udarbejde separate genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner i henhold til dette direktiv alene af den grund, at det centrale organ, de er tilknyttet, er under direkte tilsyn af Den Europæiske Centralbank.
(29)
Afviklingsmyndighederne bør på grundlag af den vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne, der er foretaget af de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder, have beføjelse til direkte eller indirekte via den kompetente myndighed at kræve ændringer i institutters opbygning og organisering, træffe nødvendige og forholdsmæssig foranstaltninger til at reducere eller fjerne væsentlige hindringer for anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og sikre, at de pågældende enheder kan afvikles. Da alle institutter potentielt har systemisk karakter, er det afgørende for at opretholde den finansielle stabilitet, at myndighederne har mulighed for at afvikle et hvilket som helst institut. Af hensyn til overholdelsen af friheden til at oprette og drive egen virksomhed, som er sikret ved artikel 16 i chartret, bør myndighedernes skønsbeføjelse begrænses til, hvad der er nødvendigt for at forenkle opbygningen og driften af instituttet, alene med det formål at forbedre mulighederne for at afvikle det. Herudover bør alle foranstaltninger, der træffes med dette mål for øje, være i overensstemmelse med EU-retten. Foranstaltningerne bør ikke direkte eller indirekte medføre forskelsbehandling på grund af nationalitet og bør være begrundet i tvingende almene hensyn vedrørende den finansielle stabilitet. Desuden bør en foranstaltning ikke gå videre, end hvad der er nødvendigt for at nå de mål, der søges nået. Ved valget af de foranstaltninger, der skal træffes, bør afviklingsmyndighederne tage hensyn til advarslerne og henstillingerne fra Det Europæiske Udvalg for Systemiske Risici, der er nedsat ved Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1092/2010 
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.
(30)
De foranstaltninger, der foreslås med henblik på at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afviklingen af et institut eller en koncern, bør ikke forhindre institutterne i at udøve deres etableringsret i henhold til traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde (TEUF).
(31)
Genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner bør ikke bygge på en antagelse om adgang til ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige eller udsætte skatteyderne for tabsrisiko.
(32)
Den koncernbehandling i forbindelse med udarbejdelsen af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner, der er fastlagt i dette direktiv, bør anvendes på alle institutkoncerner, der er underlagt tilsyn på et konsolideret grundlag, herunder koncerner, hvis selskaber er indbyrdes forbundne på den måde, der er omhandlet i artikel 22, stk. 7, i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/34/EU 
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. Genopretnings- og afviklingsplanerne bør tage højde for den pågældende koncerns finansielle, tekniske og forretningsmæssige struktur. Hvis der udarbejdes individuelle genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner for institutter, der er en del af en koncern, bør de relevante myndigheder bestræbe sig på at sikre, at disse planer i størst muligt omfang er i overensstemmelse med genopretnings- og afviklingsplanerne for resten af koncernen.
(33)
Hovedreglen bør være, at koncernens genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner udarbejdes for koncernen som helhed og definerer foranstaltninger over for moderinstituttet samt alle de individuelle datterselskaber, der indgår i en koncern. De relevante myndigheder, der deltager i afviklingskollegiet, bør gøre sig alle bestræbelser på at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse om vurderingen og vedtagelsen af sådanne planer. I specifikke tilfælde, hvor der er udarbejdet en individuel genopretnings- eller afviklingsplan, bør den koncerngenopretningsplan, der er vurderet af den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, eller den koncernafviklingsplan, der er besluttet af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, imidlertid ikke omfatte koncernenheder, for hvilke de relevante myndigheder har vurderet eller udarbejdet individuelle planer.
(34)
For så vidt angår koncernafviklingsplaner bør der ved udarbejdelsen af sådanne planer tages hensyn til afviklingshandlingernes potentielle indvirkning på alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed. Afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen har datterselskaber, bør inddrages i udarbejdelsen af planen.
(35)
Genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner bør i relevant omfang indeholde procedurer for information og høring af arbejdstagerrepræsentanter gennem hele genopretnings- og afviklingsprocessen. I samme forbindelse bør kollektive aftaler eller andre ordninger, der er indgået af arbejdsmarkedets parter, samt national ret og EU-ret vedrørende inddragelse af fagforeninger og arbejdstagerrepræsentanter i omstruktureringsprocesser overholdes, når det er relevant.
(36)
Fortrolige oplysninger i genopretnings- og afviklingsplanerne bør i betragtning af de følsomme oplysninger, de indeholder, være omfattet fortrolighedsbestemmelser fastsat i dette direktiv.
(37)
De kompetente myndigheder bør sende genopretningsplanerne og eventuelle ændringer heraf til de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder, og sidstnævnte bør sende afviklingsplanerne og eventuelle ændringer heraf til førstnævnte for at sikre, at alle relevante myndigheder til stadighed holdes fuldt ud orienteret.
(38)
Ydelse af finansiel støtte fra en enhed i en grænseoverskridende koncern til en anden enhed i samme koncern er i øjeblikket begrænset af en række bestemmelser i visse medlemsstaters nationale love. Disse bestemmelser har til formål at beskytte de enkelte enheders kreditorer og aktionærer. De tager imidlertid ikke højde for den indbyrdes afhængighed mellem enhederne i samme koncern. Det bør derfor bestemmes, på hvilke vilkår der kan overføres finansielle midler mellem enhederne i en grænseoverskridende institutkoncern med henblik på at sikre den finansielle stabilitet i koncernen som helhed uden at true likviditeten eller solvensen i den koncernenhed, der yder støtten. Finansiel støtte mellem koncernenheder bør være frivillig og være omfattet af passende sikkerhedsforanstaltninger. Medlemsstaterne bør ikke gøre udøvelsen af den frie etableringsret direkte eller indirekte betinget af, at der foreligger en aftale om finansiel støtte. Bestemmelserne i dette direktiv om koncernintern finansiel støtte berører ikke aftalemæssige eller vedtægtsmæssige ansvarsordninger mellem institutter, der beskytter de deltagende institutter gennem krydsgarantier og lignende ordninger. Såfremt en kompetent myndighed begrænser eller forbyder koncernintern finansiel støtte, og koncerngenopretningsplanen omtaler en sådan koncernintern finansiel støtte, bør en sådan begrænsning eller et sådant forbud betragtes som en væsentlig ændring med henblik på en revision af genopretningsplanen.
(39)
I faserne for genopretning og tidlig indgriben som fastsat i dette direktiv bør aktionærerne bevare det fulde ansvar for og den fulde kontrol med instituttet, medmindre den kompetente myndighed har udpeget en midlertidig administrator. De bør ikke længere have et sådant ansvar, når instituttet er kommet under afvikling.
(40)
For at bevare den finansielle stabilitet er det vigtigt, at de kompetente myndigheder har mulighed for at afhjælpe forværringen af et instituts finansielle og økonomiske situation, inden instituttet når til et punkt, hvor myndighederne ikke har noget andet alternativ end at afvikle det. Med henblik herpå bør de kompetente myndigheder tillægges beføjelse til tidlig indgriben, herunder beføjelse til at udpege en midlertidig administrator enten for at erstatte eller midlertidigt arbejde sammen med et instituts ledelsesorgan eller daglige ledelse. Den midlertidige administrators opgave bør være at udøve de beføjelser, som vedkommende har fået tillagt, med henblik på at fremme løsninger til at genoprette instituttets finansielle situation. Udpegelsen af den midlertidige administrator bør ikke unødigt berøre aktionær- eller ejerrettigheder eller proceduremæssige forpligtelser, som er fastsat i Unionens eller de enkelte landes selskabsret, og bør opfylde Unionens eller medlemsstaternes internationale forpligtelser vedrørende investeringsbeskyttelse. Beføjelserne til tidlig indgriben bør omfatte de beføjelser, der allerede er fastsat i direktiv 2013/36/EU, med henblik på andre omstændigheder end dem, der betragtes som tidlig indgriben, samt andre situationer, hvor det anses for nødvendigt at genoprette et instituts finansielle sundhed.
(41)
Regelsættet for afvikling bør give mulighed for afvikling i tide, inden et finansieringsinstitut bliver insolvent på papiret (i henhold til balancen), og inden egenkapitalen er helt opbrugt. Afviklingen bør indledes, når en kompetent myndighed efter høring af en afviklingsmyndighed konstaterer, at et institut er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, og at alternative foranstaltninger som præciseret i dette direktiv vil kunne forhindre et sådant sammenbrud inden for en passende tidsfrist. Medlemsstaterne bør undtagelsesvist kunne fastsætte, at konstateringen af, at et institut er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, ud over af den kompetente myndighed også kan foretages af afviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af den kompetente myndighed. Det forhold, at et institut ikke opfylder betingelserne for meddelelse af tilladelse, bør ikke i sig selv berettige, at der indledes en afvikling, navnlig hvis instituttet fortsat er eller forventes fortsat at være levedygtigt. Et institut bør betragtes som nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, hvis det overtræder eller i nær fremtid forventes at overtræde kravene til fortsat tilladelse, når instituttets aktiver er eller ikke i nær fremtid forventes at være mindre end dets passiver, når instituttet ikke kan eller ikke i nær fremtid forventes at kunne indfri sin gæld, når den forfalder, eller når instituttet har behov for ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige, bortset fra under de særlige omstændigheder, der er fastsat i dette direktiv. Behovet for likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank i en nødsituation bør ikke i sig selv betragtes som tilstrækkeligt bevis for, at instituttet er eller i nær fremtid vil være ude af stand til at betale sine forpligtelser, når de forfalder.
Hvis denne facilitet garanteres af en stat, vil et institut, der gør brug af faciliteten, være underlagt statsstøttereglerne. For at bevare den finansielle stabilitet, navnlig i tilfælde af systemisk likviditetsmangel, bør statsgarantier for likviditetsfaciliteter, som udstedes af centralbanker, eller statsgarantier for nyligt udstedte forpligtelser med henblik på at afhjælpe en alvorlig forstyrrelse af en medlemsstats økonomi ikke nødvendigvis udløse afviklingsregelsættet, forudsat at en række betingelser er opfyldt. Navnlig bør statsgarantiforanstaltningerne være godkendt efter statsstøttereglerne, de bør ikke indgå i en større hjælpepakke, og deres anvendelse bør være strengt tidsbegrænset. Medlemsstatsgarantier for aktieeksponeringer bør være forbudt. Når en medlemsstat stiller en garanti for nyligt udstedte forpligtelser, bortset fra egenkapital, bør den drage omsorg for, at instituttet betaler en tilstrækkelig modydelse for garantien. Endvidere bør ydelse af ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ikke udløse afvikling, hvis en medlemsstat som en sikkerhedsforanstaltning erhverver en aktiepost i et institut, herunder også i et offentligt ejet institut, som opfylder sit kapitalkrav. Dette kan f.eks. være tilfældet, hvis et institut skal rejse ny kapital som følge af resultatet af en scenariebaseret stresstest eller af den tilsvarende test udført af makroprudentielle tilsynsmyndigheder, som omfatter et krav, der skal sikre opretholdelsen af finansiel stabilitet i en systemisk krise, men instituttet er ude af stand til at rejse kapital privat på markederne. Et institut bør ikke betragtes som nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende alene af den grund, at ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige blev ydet inden dette direktivs ikrafttræden. Endelig kan adgang til likviditetsfaciliteter, herunder likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation, der stilles til rådighed af centralbanker, udgøre statsstøtte i henhold til statsstøttereglerne.
(42)
Ved afvikling af et institut eller af en koncern med grænseoverskridende aktiviteter bør enhver afviklingshandling tage hensyn til afviklingens potentielle virkninger i alle de medlemsstater, hvor instituttet eller koncernen er aktiv.
(43)
Afviklingsmyndighedernes beføjelser bør også finde anvendelse på holdingselskaber, når både holdingselskabet er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, og et datterselskabsinstitut i Unionen eller i et tredjeland er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende. Herudover bør afviklingsmyndighedernes beføjelser også finde anvendelse på holdingselskaber, når et eller flere datterselskabsinstitutter opfylder betingelserne for afvikling, eller et tredjelandsinstitut opfylder betingelserne for afvikling i det pågældende tredjeland, og det er nødvendigt at anvende afviklingsværktøjerne og -beføjelserne over for holdingselskabet med henblik på afvikling af et eller flere af datterselskaberne eller hele koncernen, uagtet at holdingselskabet ikke nødvendigvis er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende.
(44)
Hvis et institut er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, bør nationale afviklingsmyndigheder råde over et mindstemål af harmoniserede afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser. Anvendelsen heraf bør være underlagt fælles betingelser, mål og overordnede principper. Når afviklingsmyndigheden har truffet afgørelsen om at afvikle instituttet, bør almindelige insolvensbehandlinger være udelukket, medmindre der på afviklingsmyndighedens initiativ findes behov for at kombinere dem med brugen af afviklingsværktøjerne. Medlemsstaterne bør kunne tildele afviklingsmyndighederne supplerende beføjelser og værktøjer ud over dem, som de tildeles i medfør af dette direktiv. Anvendelsen af disse supplerende beføjelser og værktøjer bør imidlertid være i overensstemmelse med de afviklingsprincipper og -mål, der er fastsat i dette direktiv. Navnlig bør anvendelsen af disse værktøjer og beføjelser ikke indvirke negativt på den effektive afvikling af grænseoverskridende koncerner.
(45)
For at undgå moralsk hasard bør ethvert nødlidende institut have mulighed for at forlade markedet, uanset størrelse og forbundethed med andre institutter, uden at forårsage systemiske forstyrrelser. Et nødlidende institut bør i princippet likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. Likvidation ved almindelig insolvensbehandling kan imidlertid bringe den finansielle stabilitet i fare, bevirke en afbrydelse i leveringen af kritiske funktioner og være til skade for beskyttelsen af indskydere. I et sådant tilfælde er det højst sandsynligt, at hensynet til samfundets interesse tilsiger, at instituttet tages under afvikling og at afviklingsværktøjerne anvendes snarere end en normal insolvensbehandling. Målene for afvikling bør derfor være at sikre videreførelse af kritiske funktioner, undgå negative virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet, beskytte offentlige midler ved at minimere afhængigheden af ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige til nødlidende institutter samt beskytte dækkede indskydere, investorer, kunders midler og kunders aktiver.
(46)
Likvidationen af et nødlidende institut ved almindelig insolvensbehandling bør altid overvejes, inden der tages afviklingsværktøjer i brug. Videreførelse af et nødlidende institut som en going concern via afviklingsværktøjer bør så vidt muligt ske under anvendelse af private midler. Dette kan opnås enten gennem salg til eller fusion med en privat køber eller efter en nedskrivning af instituttets passiver eller en konvertering af dets gæld til egenkapital med henblik på at foretage en rekapitalisering.
(47)
Når afviklingsmyndigheder anvender afviklingsværktøjer og udøver afviklingsbeføjelser, bør de træffe enhver passende foranstaltning til at sikre, at afviklingshandlingerne bl.a. træffes ud fra principperne om, at aktionærer og kreditorer børe bære en passende andel af tabene, at ledelsen i princippet bør udskiftes, at omkostningerne i forbindelse med instituttets afvikling bør holdes på et minimum, og at kreditorer i samme klasse bør behandles ens. Navnlig hvis kreditorer i samme klasse behandles forskelligt som led i en afviklingshandling, bør sådanne forskelle være begrundet i hensynet til samfundets interesse og være forholdsmæssige, og de bør hverken direkte eller indirekte indebærer forskelsbehandling på grund af nationalitet. Såfremt anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer involverer statsstøtte, bør indgrebene skulle vurderes efter de relevante statsstøtteregler. Der kan bl.a. være statsstøtte involveret, når afviklingsfonde eller indskudsgarantifonde griber ind for at bistå med afviklingen af nødlidende institutter.
(48)
I forbindelse med anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser bør afviklingsmyndighederne underrette og høre arbejdstagerrepræsentanterne i passende omfang. I den forbindelse bør der, når det er relevant, tages fuldt hensyn til kollektive aftaler eller andre ordninger aftalt af arbejdsmarkedets parter.
(49)
Begrænsningerne af aktionærers og kreditorers rettigheder bør være i overensstemmelse med artikel 52 i chartret. Afviklingsværktøjerne bør derfor kun anvendes på institutter, som er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, og kun når det er nødvendigt for at forfølge målet om finansiel stabilitet i samfundets interesse. Nærmere bestemt bør der anvendes afviklingsværktøjer, når instituttet ikke kan likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling uden at destabilisere det finansielle system, og foranstaltningerne er nødvendige for at sikre hurtig overførsel og videreførelse af systemisk vigtige funktioner, og når der ikke er rimelig udsigt til en alternativ privat løsning, f.eks. at de eksisterende aktionærer eller tredjemand foretager en kapitalforøgelse, som er tilstrækkelig til atter at gøre instituttet fuldt levedygtigt. Herudover bør der ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser tages hensyn til proportionalitetsprincippet og til de særlige karakteristika ved et kreditinstituts retlige form.
(50)
Indgriben i ejendomsret bør være forholdsmæssig. De berørte aktionærer og kreditorer bør ikke lide større tab end dem, de ville have lidt, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret på tidspunktet for afgørelsen om afvikling. Hvis en del af aktiverne i et institut under afvikling overføres til en privat køber eller en brobank, bør den resterende del af instituttet likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. For at beskytte de aktionærer og kreditorer, der er tilbage ved likvidationen af instituttet, bør disse have ret til at modtage mindst det samme i betaling eller kompensation for deres fordringer som det, de kunne have forventet, hvis hele instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
(51)
For at beskytte aktionærers og kreditorers rettigheder bør der fastlægges klare forpligtelser vedrørende værdiansættelsen af aktiver og passiver i det institut, der er under afvikling, og, hvis det kræves i henhold til dette direktiv, en værdiansættelse af den behandling, som aktionærer og kreditorer ville have fået, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. Det bør være muligt at indlede en værdiansættelse allerede i fasen for tidlig indgriben. Inden der træffes nogen iværksættelsesforanstaltning, bør der foretages en retfærdig og realistisk værdiansættelse af instituttets aktiver og passiver. En sådan værdiansættelse bør kun kunne påklages sammen med afviklingsafgørelsen. Der bør desuden, hvis det kræves i henhold til dette direktiv, efter anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjerne foretages en ex post-sammenligning mellem den behandling, aktionærer og kreditorer faktisk er blevet ydet, og den behandling, de ville have fået ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. Hvis det fastslås, at aktionærer og kreditorer har modtaget et mindre beløb i betaling eller kompensation for deres fordringer end det, de ville have modtaget ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, bør de have ret til at få differencen udbetalt, hvis det kræves i henhold til dette direktiv. I modsætning til værdiansættelsen forud for afviklingshandlingen bør denne sammenligning kunne anfægtes uafhængigt af afviklingsafgørelsen. Medlemsstaterne bør frit kunne afgøre, hvordan de vil betale en eventuel konstateret forskel i behandlingen til de pågældende aktionærer og kreditorer. Differencen bør i givet fald betales via de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til dette direktiv.
(52)
Det er vigtigt, at tab anerkendes ved et instituts sammenbrud. Værdiansættelsen af nødlidende institutters aktiver og passiver bør bygge på rimelige, forsigtige og realistiske antagelser på det tidspunkt, hvor afviklingsværktøjerne anvendes. Værdiansættelsen af passiverne bør imidlertid ikke påvirkes af instituttets finansielle situation. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør i hastetilfælde kunne foretage en hurtig værdiansættelse af et nødlidende instituts aktiver eller passiver. Denne værdiansættelse bør være midlertidig og gælde, indtil der foretages en uafhængig værdiansættelse. EBA's bindende tekniske standarder vedrørende værdiansættelsesmetoder bør indeholde et sæt principper, som skal anvendes ved sådanne værdiansættelser, og bør give afviklingsmyndigheder og eventuelt uafhængige valuarer mulighed for at anvende forskellige specifikke metoder.
(53)
Det er nødvendigt at handle hurtigt og koordineret for at opretholde markedstilliden og minimere afsmitningseffekterne. Så snart et institut vurderes at være nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, og der ikke er nogen realistisk udsigt til, at en alternativ foranstaltning fra den private sektors eller en tilsynsmyndigheds side vil kunne forhindre instituttets sammenbrud inden for en rimelig tidsfrist, bør afviklingsmyndighederne ufortøvet træffe passende og koordinerede afviklingshandlinger af hensyn til samfundets interesse. De omstændigheder, under hvilke et instituts sammenbrud kan forekomme, og særlig situationens eventuelle hastende karakter bør gøre det muligt for afviklingsmyndighederne at træffe afviklingshandlinger uden først at skulle anvende beføjelserne til tidlig indgriben.
(54)
Når afviklingsmyndighederne træffer afviklingshandlinger, bør de tage hensyn til og følge de foranstaltninger, der er fastsat i afviklingsplanerne, medmindre myndighederne i lyset af sagens omstændigheder vurderer, at afviklingsmålene kan opfyldes mere effektivt ved at træffe foranstaltninger, som ikke er fastsat i afviklingsplanerne.
(55)
Medmindre andet udtrykkeligt er fastsat i dette direktiv, bør afviklingsværktøjerne anvendes inden en eventuel kapitaltilførsel fra den offentlige sektor eller en tilsvarende ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige til et institut. Dette bør imidlertid ikke hindre, at midler fra indskudsgarantiordninger eller afviklingsfonde kan anvendes til at dække de tab, som dækkede indskydere eller skønsmæssigt udelukkede kreditorer ellers ville have lidt. I den forbindelse bør anvendelsen af ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige, afviklingsfonde eller indskudsgarantiordninger, i forbindelse med afviklingen af nødlidende institutter overholde de relevante statsstøtteregler.
(56)
Problemer på Unionens finansielle markeder, der hidrører fra hændelser, som berører hele systemet, kan få negative konsekvenser for Unionens økonomi og Unionens borgere. Afviklingsværktøjer bør derfor udformes på en sådan måde, at de kan anvendes til at imødegå en bred vifte af scenarier, der i vid udstrækning er uforudsigelige, under hensyntagen til, at der kan være forskel på en krise for et enkelt institut og en bredere systemisk bankkrise.
(57)
Når Kommissionen foretager den i dette direktiv omhandlede godkendelse af offentlige stabiliseringsværktøjer i henhold til statsstøttereglerne, jf. artikel 107 TEUF, bør den særskilt vurdere, om de meddelte offentlige stabiliseringsværktøjer strider mod principielt relevante bestemmelser i EU-retten, herunder dem, der vedrører kravet om en tabsabsorbering på mindst 8 % i dette direktiv, samt om der foreligger en meget usædvanlig systemisk krise, der kan begrunde ibrugtagningen af sådanne værktøjer i henhold til dette direktiv, samtidig med at de lige konkurrencevilkår på det indre marked sikres. I overensstemmelse med artikel 107 og 108 i TEUF bør en sådan vurdering foretages, inden et offentligt stabiliseringsværktøj kan tages i brug.
(58)
Anvendelsen af offentlige stabiliseringsværktøjer bør være finanspolitisk neutral på mellemlangt sigt.
(59)
Afviklingsværktøjerne bør bl.a. omfatte salg af forretningsaktiviteter eller aktier tilhørende et institut under afvikling, oprettelse af et broinstitut, adskillelse af det nødlidende instituts sunde aktiver fra de værdiforringede eller underpræsterende aktiver og bail-in af det nødlidende instituts aktionærer og kreditorer.
(60)
Hvis afviklingsværktøjerne er blevet anvendt til at overføre et instituts systemisk vigtige ydelser eller levedygtige forretningsaktiviteter til en sund enhed som f.eks. en privat køber eller et broinstitut, bør den resterende del af instituttet likvideres inden for en passende tidsfrist under hensyntagen til det behov, der måtte være for, at det nødlidende institut ved hjælp af tjenesteydelser eller støtte sætter køberen eller broinstituttet i stand til at udføre de ved overførslen erhvervede aktiviteter eller ydelser.
(61)
Virksomhedssalgsværktøjet bør sætte myndighederne i stand til at sælge instituttet eller dele af dets forretningsaktiviteter til en eller flere købere uden aktionærernes samtykke. Ved anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet bør myndighederne foranstalte markedsføringen af instituttet eller en del af dets forretningsaktiviteter på en åben, gennemsigtig og ikkediskriminerende måde og samtidig sigte mod så høj en salgspris som muligt. Såfremt en sådan fremgangsmåde af hastende årsager ikke er mulig, bør myndighederne tage skridt til at afhjælpe skadelige virkninger for konkurrencen og for det indre marked.
(62)
Et eventuelt nettoprovenu fra overførslen af aktiver eller passiver fra det institut, der er under afvikling, når virksomhedssalgsværktøjet anvendes, bør gå til det institut, der er tilbage ved likvidationen. Et eventuelt nettoprovenu fra overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der er udstedt af det institut, der er under afvikling, når virksomhedssalgsværktøjet anvendes, bør gå til ejerne af sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter. Provenuet bør opgøres netto efter fradrag af omkostningerne i forbindelse med instituttets sammenbrud og afviklingsprocessen.
(63)
For at kunne sælge forretningsaktiviteterne i tide og beskytte den finansielle stabilitet bør vurderingen af køberen af en kvalificeret kapitalandel gennemføres i så god tid, at det ikke forsinker anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv, uanset de tidsfrister og procedurer, der er fastsat i direktiv 2013/36/EU og 2014/65/EF 
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.
(64)
Oplysninger vedrørende markedsføringen af et nødlidende institut og forhandlingerne med potentielle købere forud for anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet, vil ofte være systemisk vigtige. For at sikre finansiel stabilitet er det vigtigt, at den påkrævede offentliggørelse af sådanne oplysninger, jf. Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 596/2014 
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, kan udsættes med den tid, der er nødvendig til at planlægge og strukturere afviklingen af instituttet, i overensstemmelse med de udsættelser, reglerne for markedsmisbrug tillader.
(65)
Som et institut, der helt eller delvis ejes af en eller flere offentlige myndigheder eller kontrolleres af afviklingsmyndigheden, bør et broinstituts hovedformål være at sikre, at væsentlige finansielle tjenesteydelser fortsat ydes til kunderne hos det nødlidende institut og at væsentlige finansielle aktiviteter fortsat udføres. Broinstituttet bør drives som en levedygtig going concern og genintroduceres på markedet, når de rette betingelser er til stede og inden for den frist, der er fastsat i dette direktiv, eller likvideres, hvis det ikke er levedygtigt.
(66)
Værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver bør sætte myndighederne i stand til at overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra et institut under afvikling til et særskilt selskab. Dette værktøj bør kun anvendes sammen med andre værktøjer for at undgå, at det nødlidende institut får en uberettiget konkurrencefordel.
(67)
I en effektiv afviklingsordning bør omkostningerne til afvikling af et nødlidende institut i mindst muligt omfang bæres af skatteyderne. En sådan ordning bør desuden sikre, at systemisk vigtige institutter kan afvikles uden at bringe den finansielle stabilitet i fare. Bail-in-værktøjet opfylder dette mål, idet det sikrer, at det nødlidende instituts aktionærer og kreditorer lider passende tab og bærer en passende del af de omkostninger, der er forbundet med instituttets sammenbrud. Bail-in-værktøjet vil derfor give institutternes aktionærer og kreditorer et stærkere incitament til at overvåge et instituts sundhedstilstand under normale forhold og er i overensstemmelse med henstillingen fra Rådet for Finansiel Stabilitet om, at man i et regelsæt for afvikling medtager lovpligtige gældsnedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser som en yderligere mulighed i samspil med andre afviklingsværktøjer.
(68)
For at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighederne har det nødvendige råderum til at allokere tab til kreditorer under en række forskellige omstændigheder, bør disse myndigheder kunne anvende bail-in-værktøjet, både når målet er at afvikle det nødlidende institut som en going concern, hvis der er realistisk udsigt til, at instituttets levedygtighed kan genoprettes, og når systemisk vigtige ydelser overføres til et broinstitut, og den resterende del af instituttet indstiller sin virksomhed og likvideres.
(69)
Hvis bail-in-værktøjet anvendes med henblik på at genoprette det nødlidende instituts kapital, så det vil kunne fortsætte sin virksomhed som en going concern, bør afviklingen ved bail-in ledsages af udskiftning af ledelsen, medmindre det er hensigtsmæssigt og nødvendigt at beholde ledelsen for at nå afviklingsmålene, og af en efterfølgende omstrukturering af instituttet og dets aktiviteter på en måde, der fokuserer på årsagerne til dets sammenbrud. Omstruktureringen bør gennemføres ved iværksættelse af en plan for omorganisering af forretningsaktiviteterne. Sådanne planer bør i givet fald være forenelige med den omstruktureringsplan, som instituttet skal indgive til Kommissionen i henhold til statsstøttereglerne. Planen bør navnlig, ud over foranstaltninger med henblik på at genoprette instituttets levedygtighed på lang sigt, indeholde foranstaltninger, der begrænser støtten til et minimum, foranstaltninger til byrdefordeling samt foranstaltninger, der begrænser konkurrenceforvridninger.
(70)
Bail-in-værktøjet bør ikke anvendes på fordringer, som er sikrede, omfattet af en sikkerhedsstillelse eller på anden måde garanterede. For at sikre, at bail-in-værktøjet er effektivt og formålstjenligt, er det imidlertid ønskeligt, at det kan anvendes på så bred en vifte af usikrede passiver i et nødlidende institut som muligt. Ikke desto mindre bør visse former for usikrede passiver ikke være omfattet af anvendelsesområdet for bail-in-værktøjet. For at beskytte indehaverne af dækkede indskud bør bail-in-værktøjet ikke finde anvendelse på indskud, der er beskyttet i henhold til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/49/EU 
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. For at sikre kontinuiteten af kritiske funktioner bør bail-in-værktøjet ikke anvendes på visse forpligtelser over for de ansatte i det nødlidende institut eller på krav fra handelsvirksomheder vedrørende varer og tjenesteydelser af kritisk betydning for instituttets daglige virke. For at beskytte pensionsrettigheder og pensionsbeløb, som pensionskasser og pensionsforvaltere har til gode, bør bail-in-værktøjet ikke gælde for det nødlidende instituts forpligtelser over for en pensionsordning. Bail-in værktøjet vil gælde for forpligtelser for pensionsydelser, der kan henføres til variabel aflønning, som ikke har baggrund i kollektive overenskomster, såvel som for den variable del af lønnen for væsentlige risikotagere. For at nedbringe risikoen for systemiske afsmitningseffekter bør bail-in-værktøjet ikke anvendes på forpligtelser hidrørende fra deltagelse i betalingssystemer, hvis restløbetid er på under syv dage, eller forpligtelser over for andre institutter, bortset fra enheder i samme koncern, med en oprindelig løbetid på under syv dage.
(71)
Da et af afviklingens vigtigste formål er beskyttelse af dækkede indskydere, bør dækkede indskud ikke være omfattet af anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet. Indskudsgarantiordningen bør imidlertid bidrage til finansiering af afviklingen ved at absorbere tabene op til de nettotab, som den ville have skullet bære efter at have kompenseret indskyderne ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. Udøvelsen af bail-in-beføjelserne forventes at sikre, at indskyderne fortsat har adgang til deres indskud som minimum op til dækningsniveauet, hvilket er hovedårsagen til oprettelsen af indskudsgarantiordningerne. Ikke at fastsætte inddragelse af disse ordninger i sådanne tilfælde ville udgøre en urimelig fordel i forhold til de øvrige kreditorer, der ville blive underkastet afviklingsmyndighedens beføjelser.
(72)
Afviklingsmyndighederne bør kunne udelukke eller delvis udelukke passiver i en række tilfælde, bl.a. når det ikke er muligt at foretage en bail-in for sådanne passiver inden for en rimelig frist, når udelukkelsen er strengt nødvendig og er proportional i forhold til at gennemføre videreførelsen af kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder, eller når anvendelse af bail-in-værktøjet på passiverne ville medføre et værditab af en sådan størrelse, at andre kreditorers tab ville være større, end hvis disse passiver ikke var udelukket fra bail-in. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør kunne udelukke eller delvis udelukke passiver, når dette er nødvendigt for at undgå afsmitningseffekter og finansiel ustabilitet, som kan skabe alvorlige forstyrrelser i en medlemsstats økonomi. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør i forbindelse med disse vurderinger overveje konsekvenserne af en eventuel bail-in af passiver bestående af berettigede indskud tilhørende fysiske personer, mikrovirksomheder samt små og mellemstore virksomheder, som ligger ud over det dækningsniveau, der er fastsat i direktiv 2014/49/EU.
(73)
Når disse udelukkelser tages i anvendelse, kan omfanget af nedskrivningen eller konverteringen af andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver øges for at tage hensyn til udelukkelserne, dog således at princippet om, at ingen kreditorer må stilles ringere end under normale insolvensbehandlinger, overholdes. Når tabene ikke kan videregives til andre kreditorer, kan der fra afviklingsfinansieringsordningen ydes et bidrag til det institut, der er under afvikling, under overholdelse af en række strenge betingelser, herunder at tab, der i alt udgør mindst 8 % af de samlede passiver, inklusive kapitalgrundlaget, allerede skal have været genstand for bail-in, og at afviklingsfondens finansiering skal være begrænset til det laveste beløb af enten 5 % af de samlede passiver, inklusive kapitalgrundlaget, eller de midler, der er til rådighed for afviklingsfonden og det beløb, der kan tilvejebringes gennem ex post-bidrag inden for tre år.
(74)
I ekstraordinære tilfælde, hvor passiver er blevet udelukket, og afviklingsfonden er anvendt til at bidrage til bail-in i stedet for de pågældende passiver op til det tilladte loft, bør afviklingsmyndigheden kunne forsøge at tilvejebringe midler fra alternative finansieringskilder.
(75)
Minimumsbeløbet for bidrag med henblik på tabsabsorbering og rekapitalisering på 8 % af de samlede passiver inklusive kapitalgrundlaget eller i givet fald 20 % af de risikovægtede aktiver bør beregnes på grundlag af værdiansættelsen med henblik på afvikling i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv. Historiske tab, der allerede er absorberet af aktionærerne gennem en reduktion af kapitalgrundlaget forud for en sådan værdiansættelse, bør ikke medtages i disse procentsatser.
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Intet i dette direktiv bør kræve, at medlemsstaterne finansierer afviklingsfinansieringsordninger med midler fra deres almindelige budget.
(77)
Medmindre andet er fastsat i dette direktiv, bør afviklingsmyndighederne anvende bail-in-værktøjet på en sådan måde, at princippet om kreditorernes ligestilling og prioritetsrækkefølgen af fordringerne efter gældende insolvensret respekteres. Tab bør i første række dækkes af lovregulerede kapitalinstrumenter og fordeles på aktionærerne enten ved annullering eller overførsel af aktier eller ved kraftig udvanding. Hvis disse instrumenter ikke er tilstrækkelige, bør efterstillet gæld konverteres eller nedskrives. Privilegerede forpligtelser bør konverteres eller nedskrives, hvis de efterstillede klasser er blevet konverteret eller nedskrevet fuldstændigt.
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Forpligtelser, der er omfattet af en undtagelse, såsom forpligtelser over for betalings- og afregningssystemer, medarbejdere eller leverandører, eller har en fortrinsstilling såsom indskud fra fysiske personer og mikrovirksomheder samt små og mellemstore virksomheder, bør have samme status i tredjelande som i Unionen. For at sikre muligheden for i givet fald at nedskrive eller konvertere forpligtelser i tredjelande bør anerkendelsen af denne mulighed inkluderes i de kontraktbestemmelser, som er underlagt lovgivningen i tredjelandet, navnlig hvad angår de forpligtelser, som har lavere prioritet i kreditorhierarkiet. Sådanne kontraktbestemmelser bør ikke være påkrævet for forpligtelser, der er undtaget fra bail-in for indskud fra fysiske personer, mikrovirksomheder samt små og mellemstore virksomheder, eller i tilfælde, hvor det pågældende tredjelands ret eller en bindende aftale indgået med det pågældende tredjeland tillader afviklingsmyndigheden i medlemsstaten at udøve sine nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelser.
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For at undgå, at institutterne strukturerer deres forpligtelser på en måde, der gør bail-in-værktøjet mindre effektivt, bør det fastsættes, at institutterne til enhver tid skal opfylde et minimumskrav for kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver som en procentdel af instituttets samlede passiver og kapitalgrundlag. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør også i konkrete tilfælde kunne kræve, at denne procentdel helt eller delvis udgøres af kapitalgrundlaget eller af en specifik type forpligtelser.
(80)
Dette direktiv anvender en top-down-tilgang til fastsættelse af minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver (MREL) inden for en koncern. Tilgangen anerkender endvidere, at der anvendes afviklingshandlinger inden for den enkelte juridiske person, og at det er bydende nødvendigt, at tabsabsorberingskapaciteten befinder sig i eller er tilgængelig for den juridiske person inden for den koncern, i hvilken tabene forekommer. Til dette formål bør afviklingsmyndighederne sikre, at tabsabsorberingskapaciteten inden for en koncern fordeles på hele koncernen i overensstemmelse med risikoniveauet i de juridiske personer, den består af. Det minimumskrav, der er nødvendigt for de enkelte datterselskaber, bør vurderes særskilt. Endvidere bør afviklingsmyndighederne sikre, at al kapital og alle forpligtelser, der medregnes i minimumskravet på et konsolideret grundlag, befinder sig i enheder, hvor der kan opstå tab, eller som på anden vis er til rådighed for at absorbere tabene. Dette direktiv bør give mulighed for såvel en selskabsspecifik (»multiple points of entry«) som en koncernspecifik (»single point of entry«) tilgang til afvikling. MREL-kravet bør afspejle den afviklingsstrategi, der egner sig for en koncern i overensstemmelse med afviklingsplanen. Navnlig bør MREL-kravet gælde på det passende niveau i koncernen for at afspejle den selskabsspecifikke eller koncernspecifikke tilgang, der er fastlagt i afviklingsplanen, idet der dog kan forekomme tilfælde, hvor en anden tilgang end den, der er fastlagt i planen, vil være hensigtsmæssig, eksempelvis fordi den vil gøre det muligt at opfylde afviklingsmålene mere effektivt. På denne baggrund bør alle institutter og andre juridiske personer i koncernen, hvis det kræves af afviklingsmyndighederne, uanset om der er valgt en koncernspecifik eller en selskabsspecifik tilgang, på ethvert tidspunkt have et MREL-krav med henblik på at undgå risikoen for afsmitningseffekter og for et bank-run.
(81)
Medlemsstaterne bør sikre, at hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter og supplerende kapitalinstrumenter fuldt ud absorberer tabene på det tidspunkt, hvor det udstedende institut ikke er levedygtigt. Der bør derfor stilles krav til afviklingsmyndighederne om at nedskrive de pågældende instrumenter fuldstændigt eller konvertere dem til egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter på det tidspunkt, hvor instituttet ikke er levedygtigt, og inden der træffes afviklingshandlinger. I den forbindelse bør tidspunktet for manglende levedygtighed forstås som det tidspunkt, hvor den relevante myndighed fastslår, at instituttet opfylder betingelserne for afvikling, eller det tidspunkt, hvor myndigheden fastslår, at instituttet ville ophøre med at være levedygtigt, hvis de pågældende kapitalinstrumenter ikke bliver nedskrevet eller konverteret. Det forhold, at instrumenterne skal nedskrives eller konverteres af myndighederne under de i dette direktiv fastsatte omstændigheder, bør fremgå af bestemmelserne vedrørende instrumentet og af prospekter eller udbudsdokumenter, som offentliggøres eller udleveres i forbindelse med instrumenterne.
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For at give mulighed for effektive afviklingsresultater bør det være muligt at anvende bail-in-værktøjet før den 1. januar 2016.
(83)
Afviklingsmyndighederne bør være i stand til kun at anvende bail-in-værktøjet delvist, hvis en vurdering af de potentielle konsekvenser for stabiliteten af det finansielle system i de pågældende medlemsstater og i resten af Unionen viser, at fuld anvendelse af værktøjet ville være i strid med de overordnede samfundsinteresser i medlemsstaten eller Unionen som helhed.
(84)
Afviklingsmyndighederne bør have alle de nødvendige retlige beføjelser, der vil kunne udøves i forbindelse med anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer, i forskellige kombinationer. Disse beføjelser bør bl.a. omfatte beføjelsen til at overføre aktierne i et nødlidende institut eller dets aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver til en anden enhed som f.eks. et andet institut eller et broinstitut; beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller annullere et nødlidende instituts aktier eller til at nedskrive eller konvertere dets passiver, samt beføjelsen til at udskifte ledelsen og til at indføre et midlertidigt moratorium på indfrielse af fordringer. Der er også behov for yderligere beføjelser, herunder beføjelse til at kræve, at andre dele af koncernen viderefører væsentlige ydelser.
(85)
Det er ikke nødvendigt at foreskrive præcist, hvordan afviklingsmyndighederne bør gribe ind i det nødlidende institut. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør kunne vælge mellem at overtage kontrollen ved et direkte indgreb i instituttet eller ved en bekendtgørelse. De bør træffe afgørelse alt efter omstændighederne i sagen. Det forekommer ikke nødvendigt at indføre en fælles model for at sikre effektivt samarbejde mellem medlemsstaterne på nuværende tidspunkt.
(86)
Regelsættet for afvikling bør omfatte procedurekrav, der sikrer, at afviklingshandlingerne meddeles og, med de begrænsede undtagelser, der er fastlagt i dette direktiv, offentliggøres korrekt. Da de oplysninger, der indhentes af afviklingsmyndighederne og deres professionelle rådgivere under afviklingen, imidlertid kan være følsomme, bør de være omfattet af en effektiv fortrolighedsordning, indtil afviklingsafgørelsen offentliggøres. Det forhold, at nærmere oplysninger om indholdet af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner og resultatet af en vurdering af disse planer kan have vidtrækkende konsekvenser, navnlig for de berørte selskaber, skal tages i betragtning. Enhver oplysning vedrørende en afgørelse, som kommer frem, før den er truffet, det være sig om opfyldelsen af betingelserne for afvikling, om brugen af et bestemt værktøj eller om enhver foranstaltning under sagsbehandlingen, skal antages at have indvirkning på de offentlige og private interesser, der er berørt af foranstaltningen. Den oplysning, at afviklingsmyndigheden er i færd med at undersøge et konkret institut, kan dog være nok til at få negative konsekvenser for det pågældende institut. Det er derfor nødvendigt at sikre, at der forefindes passende mekanismer til at bevare fortroligheden af sådanne oplysninger vedrørende eksempelvis det nærmere indhold af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner og resultatet af eventuelle vurderinger foretaget i den forbindelse.
(87)
Afviklingsmyndighederne bør have accessoriske beføjelser til at sikre effektiviteten af overførslen af aktier eller gældsinstrumenter samt aktiver, rettigheder og passiver. Med forbehold af de sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, der er fastsat i dette direktiv, bør disse beføjelser omfatte beføjelser til at ophæve tredjemands rettigheder til de overførte instrumenter eller aktiver og beføjelsen til at fuldbyrde kontrakter og til at sørge for videreførelse af eksisterende ordninger over for modtageren af de overførte aktiver og aktier. Arbejdstageres ret til at opsige en ansættelseskontrakt bør dog ikke anfægtes. En parts ret til at opsige en kontrakt med et institut under afvikling eller en af dennes koncertenheder af andre grunde end afvikling af det nødlidende institut bør heller ikke berøres. Afviklingsmyndighederne bør også have accessorisk beføjelse til at kræve, at den resterende del af instituttet, der likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, yder de tjenesteydelser, der er nødvendige for, at det institut, til hvilket aktiverne eller aktierne er overført i medfør af anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgs- eller broinstitutværktøjet, er i stand til at drive sine forretningsaktiviteter.
(88)
I overensstemmelse med artikel 47 i chartret har de berørte parter ret til en retfærdig rettergang og effektive retsmidler mod de foranstaltninger, der berører dem. De afgørelser, der træffes af afviklingsmyndighederne, bør kunne påklages.
(89)
Krisestyringsforanstaltninger truffet af nationale afviklingsmyndigheder kan forudsætte komplekse økonomiske vurderinger og en stor skønsmargen. De nationale afviklingsmyndigheder er udstyret med den specifikke ekspertise, der kræves for at foretage sådanne vurderinger og fastslå den mest hensigtsmæssige brug af skønsmargenen. Det er derfor vigtigt at sikre, at de komplekse økonomiske vurderinger, som nationale afviklingsmyndigheder foretager i denne forbindelse, danner grundlag for nationale domstoles behandling af de pågældende krisestyringsforanstaltninger. Imidlertid bør den komplekse karakter af disse vurderinger ikke forhindre de nationale domstole i at undersøge, om den dokumentation, afviklingsmyndigheden støtter sig på, er faktuelt korrekt, pålidelig og sammenhængende, om dokumentationen indeholder alle de relevante oplysninger, som bør tages i betragtning for at vurdere en kompleks situation, og om myndigheden er i stand til at underbygge de konklusioner, den har draget heraf.
(90)
Da formålet med dette direktiv er at omfatte ekstreme hastetilfælde, og da en suspension af enhver afgørelse truffet af afviklingsmyndighederne kan være til hinder for videreførelsen af kritiske funktioner, er det nødvendigt at bestemme, at en påklage ikke bør medføre automatisk suspension af retsvirkningerne af den anfægtede afgørelse, og at afviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse bør kunne fuldbyrdes omgående med en formodning om, at suspensionen af den ikke vil være i offentlighedens interesse.
(91)
Når det er nødvendigt for at beskytte tredjemand, der i medfør af myndighedernes udøvelse af afviklingsbeføjelser i god tro har erhvervet aktiver, rettigheder og passiver i det institut, der er under afvikling, og for at sikre de finansielle markeders stabilitet, bør en klageadgang endvidere ikke berøre efterfølgende administrative handlinger eller transaktioner, der er baseret på en annulleret afgørelse. I sådanne tilfælde bør afhjælpning i tilfælde af en fejlagtig afgørelse derfor være begrænset til kompensation for den skade, de berørte personer har lidt.
(92)
Da det i forbindelse med alvorlige risici for finansiel ustabilitet i medlemsstaten og Unionen kan haste med at træffe krisestyringsforanstaltninger, bør enhver procedure i national ret, der har forbindelse med en ansøgning om en domstols forhåndsgodkendelse af en krisestyringsforanstaltning og domstolens behandling af en sådan ansøgning, afvikles hurtigt. Domstolen bør i lyset af behovet for at træffe en krisestyringsforanstaltning hurtigt træffe sin afgørelse inden for 24 timer, og medlemsstaterne bør sikre, at den relevante myndighed kan træffe sin afgørelse umiddelbart efter, at retten har givet sin godkendelse. Dette berører ikke berørte parters eventuelle ret til at indgive en begæring til domstolen om at omstøde afgørelsen inden for en begrænset frist, efter at afviklingsmyndigheden har truffet krisestyringsforanstaltningen.
(93)
Af hensyn til en effektiv afvikling og for at undgå kompetencekonflikter bør der ikke indledes en almindelig insolvensbehandling for det nødlidende institut, og der bør heller ikke pågå en sådan, mens afviklingsmyndigheden udøver sine afviklingsbeføjelser eller anvender afviklingsværktøjer, bortset fra når det sker på afviklingsmyndighedens initiativ eller med dens samtykke. Det er hensigtsmæssigt og nødvendigt at suspendere visse kontraktlige forpligtelser i en begrænset periode for at give afviklingsmyndigheden tid til at tage afviklingsværktøjerne i brug. Dette bør dog ikke gælde for forpligtelser i relation til systemer udpeget i henhold til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 98/26/EF 
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, centrale modparter og centralbanker. Direktiv 98/26/EF reducerer den risiko, der er forbundet med deltagelse i betalings- og værdipapirafregningssystemer, navnlig ved at reducere forstyrrelserne i tilfælde af insolvens hos en deltager i et sådant system. For at sikre, at sådanne sikkerhedsforanstaltninger fungerer hensigtsmæssigt i krisesituationer, og samtidig give operatører af betalings-og værdipapirsystemer og andre markedsdeltagere en passende sikkerhed, fastsættes det i dette direktiv, at en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning ikke i sig selv bør vurderes at være en insolvensbehandling henhold til direktiv 98/26/EF, forudsat at de materielle forpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten fortsat opfyldes. Intet i dette direktiv er imidlertid til hinder for driften af et system, der er udpeget i henhold til direktiv 98/26/EF eller retten til sikkerhed i henhold til artikel 9 i direktiv 98/26/EF.
(94)
For at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighederne i forbindelse med overførsel af aktiver og passiver til en privat køber eller et broinstitut har et tilstrækkeligt tidsrum til at identificere de kontrakter, der skal overføres, kan det være formålstjenligt at indføre proportionelt afpassede restriktioner for modparternes ret til at afslutte, fremskynde eller på anden måde opsige finansielle kontrakter forud for overførslen. En sådan restriktion vil være nødvendig for at give myndighederne mulighed for at danne sig et korrekt indtryk af det nødlidende instituts balance, uafhængigt af de ændringer i værdi og omfang, som en omfattende udøvelse af opsigelsesrettigheder ville medføre. For ikke at gribe mere ind i modparternes kontraktlige rettigheder end højst nødvendigt bør restriktionen på opsigelsesrettigheder kun gælde i forbindelse med en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning, herunder forekomsten af en begivenhed, der er direkte knyttet til anvendelsen af en sådan foranstaltning, og retten til opsigelse i forbindelse med enhver anden misligholdelse, herunder undladelse af at foretage betalinger eller fastsætte margener, bør fortsat bestå.
(95)
For at bevare legitime kapitalmarkedsordninger i tilfælde af en overførsel af nogle af et nødlidende instituts aktiver, rettigheder og passiver, men ikke alle, bør der indføres sikkerhedsforanstaltninger for at forhindre opsplitning af indbyrdes forbundne forpligtelser, rettigheder og kontrakter, alt efter omstændighederne. En sådan restriktion på selektiv udvælgelse blandt indbyrdes forbundne kontrakter bør udstrækkes til også at gælde for kontrakter med samme modpart, som er omfattet af aftaler om sikkerhed, aftaler om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret, aftale om modregning, slutafregning og struktureret finansiering. Hvis sikkerhedsforanstaltningen finder anvendelse, bør afviklingsmyndighederne skulle overføre alle indbyrdes forbundne kontrakter, der er omfattet af en beskyttet ordning, eller lade dem alle blive i den resterende del af det nødlidende institut. Sådanne sikkerhedsforanstaltninger bør sikre, at den lovbestemte behandling af eksponeringer, der er omfattet af en nettingaftale som omhandlet i direktiv 2013/36/EU, ikke berøres.
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At det sikres, at afviklingsmyndighederne råder over de samme værktøjer og beføjelser, vil lette en koordineret indsats i tilfælde af en grænseoverskridende koncerns sammenbrud, men der er uden tvivl behov for yderligere foranstaltninger for at fremme samarbejdet og forebygge opsplitning i de nationale tiltag. Der bør stilles krav til afviklingsmyndighederne om at rådføre sig med hinanden og samarbejde i afviklingskollegier, når de afvikler koncernenheder, for at nå til enighed om en koncernafviklingsordning. Der bør oprettes afviklingskollegier omkring kernen i de eksisterende tilsynskollegier ved at inddrage afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente ministerier, centralbanker, EBA, og i givet fald myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for indskudsgarantiordninger. I en krisesituation bør afviklingskollegiet fungere som et forum for udveksling af oplysninger om og koordinering af afviklingshandlinger.
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Ved afviklingen af grænseoverskridende koncerner bør der findes en balance mellem på den ene side behovet for procedurer, der tager hensyn til situationens hastende karakter og muliggør effektive, rimelige og rettidige løsninger for koncernen som helhed, og på den anden side nødvendigheden af at beskytte den finansielle stabilitet i alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen er aktiv. De forskellige afviklingsmyndigheder bør udveksle synspunkter i afviklingskollegiet. De afviklingshandlinger, der foreslås af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, bør udarbejdes og drøftes af de forskellige afviklingsmyndigheder i forbindelse med koncernafviklingsplanerne. Afviklingskollegier bør, hver gang det er muligt, medtage synspunkterne hos afviklingsmyndighederne i alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen er aktiv, for at lette hurtige, fælles beslutninger. I de afviklingshandlinger, der træffes af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, bør der altid tages hensyn til deres virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet i de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen er aktiv. Dette bør sikres ved, at afviklingsmyndighederne i den medlemsstat, hvor et datterselskab er etableret, har mulighed for at gøre indsigelse mod koncernafviklingsmyndighedens beslutninger, ikke kun hvad angår afviklingshandlingernes hensigtsmæssighed, men også ud fra behovet for at beskytte den pågældende medlemsstats finansielle stabilitet.
(98)
Afviklingskollegiet bør ikke være et beslutningstagende organ, men en platform, der fremmer de nationale myndigheders beslutningstagning. De fælles afgørelser bør træffes af de forskellige berørte nationale myndigheder.
(99)
Indførelsen af en koncernafviklingsordning vil formentlig være befordrende for en koordineret afvikling, som sandsynligvis vil give det bedste resultat for alle institutter i en koncern. Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden bør foreslå koncernafviklingsordningen og forelægge den for afviklingskollegiet. Nationale afviklingsmyndigheder, der modsætter sig ordningen eller beslutter at træffe uafhængige afviklingshandlinger, bør gøre rede for deres uenighed og meddele grundene hertil og detaljerne vedrørende eventuelle uafhængige afviklingshandlinger, de agter at træffe, over for koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de andre afviklingsmyndigheder, der er omfattet af koncernafviklingsordningen. Nationale myndigheder, der beslutter at afvige fra koncernafviklingsordningen, bør tage behørigt hensyn til den potentielle indvirkning på den finansielle stabilitet i de medlemsstater, hvor de andre afviklingsmyndigheder befinder sig, og den potentielle indvirkning på andre dele af koncernen.
(100)
Som led i en koncernafviklingsordning bør myndighederne opfordres til at anvende det samme værktøj på de juridiske personer, der opfylder betingelserne for afvikling. Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden bør have beføjelse til at anvende broinstitutværktøjet på koncernniveau (hvilket eventuelt kan omfatte byrdefordelingsarrangementer) for at stabilisere koncernen som helhed. Ejendomsretten til datterselskaberne vil kunne overføres til brobanken med henblik på videresalg, enten samlet eller hver for sig, når de rette markedsvilkår indfinder sig. Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden bør desuden have beføjelse til at anvende bail-in-værktøjet på moderinstitutniveau.
(101)
En effektiv afvikling af internationalt aktive institutter og koncerner kræver samarbejde mellem Unionens, medlemsstaternes og tredjelandes afviklingsmyndigheder. Det vil befordre samarbejdet, hvis tredjelandes afviklingsordninger baseres på de fælles principper og tilgange, som i øjeblikket udvikles af Rådet for Finansiel Stabilitet og G20-landene. Med henblik herpå bør EBA have beføjelse til at udarbejde og indgå ikkebindende rammeaftaler om samarbejde med myndigheder i tredjelande i overensstemmelse med artikel 33 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, og de nationale myndigheder bør kunne indgå bilaterale aftaler, der er i overensstemmelse med rammeaftalerne under EBA. Udarbejdelsen af sådanne aftaler mellem nationale myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for at håndtere nødlidende globale virksomheder, bør være et middel til at sikre effektiv planlægning, beslutningstagning og koordinering i forhold til internationale koncerner. Generelt bør der være gensidighed i disse ordninger. De nationale afviklingsmyndigheder bør som medlemmer af det europæiske afviklingskollegium, når det er relevant, anerkende og håndhæve tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer i de tilfælde, der er fastsat i dette direktiv.
(102)
Der bør finde et samarbejde sted om både datterselskaber af EU- og tredjelandskoncerner og filialer af EU- eller tredjelandsinstitutter. Datterselskaber af tredjelandskoncerner er virksomheder etableret i Unionen og er derfor fuldt ud underlagt EU-retten, herunder de afviklingsværktøjer, der fastsættes ved dette direktiv. Det er imidlertid nødvendigt, at medlemsstaterne bibeholder retten til at tage skridt i forhold til filialer af institutter, der har deres hovedkontor i tredjelande, når anerkendelse og anvendelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer, som har forbindelse med en filial, ville bringe Unionens finansielle stabilitet i fare, eller når EU-indskydere ikke ville få samme behandling som tredjelandsindskydere. I sådanne tilfælde og i de tilfælde, der er fastsat i dette direktiv bør medlemsstaterne have ret til efter høring af de nationale afviklingsmyndigheder at nægte anerkendelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer i forbindelse med EU-filialer af tredjelandsinstitutter.
(103)
Under visse omstændigheder kan effektiviteten af de anvendte afviklingsværktøjer være betinget af adgangen til kortfristede finansieringsmidler for et institut eller et broinstitut, garantier, der stilles til rådighed for potentielle købere, eller tilvejebringelsen af kapital til broinstituttet. Uagtet centralbankernes rolle med hensyn til at tilføre det finansielle system likviditet, også i perioder med stress, er det vigtigt, at medlemsstaterne opretter finansieringsordninger for at undgå, at midlerne til disse formål kommer fra de nationale budgetter. Det bør være den finansielle sektor som helhed, der finansierer stabiliseringen af det finansielle system.
(104)
Som hovedregel bør medlemsstaterne etablere deres egne nationale finansieringsordninger ved hjælp af fonde, der kontrolleres af deres afviklingsmyndigheder, og som skal bruges til de formål, der er fastsat i dette direktiv. Hertil bør dog knyttes en nøje afgrænset undtagelse, som giver medlemsstaterne mulighed for at etablere deres nationale finansieringsordninger gennem obligatoriske bidrag fra institutter, som er meddelt tilladelse på deres områder, og som ikke ejes af fonde, der kontrolleres af deres afviklingsmyndigheder, forudsat at visse betingelser er opfyldt.
(105)
I princippet bør der indsamles bidrag i sektoren forud for og uafhængigt af et afviklingsforløb. Hvis de på forhånd fremskaffede midler ikke er tilstrækkelige til at dække tabene eller omkostningerne i forbindelse med anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne, bør der indsamles supplerende bidrag til dækning af de yderligere omkostninger eller tab.
(106)
For at nå en kritisk masse og undgå procykliske virkninger, som ville opstå, hvis finansieringsordningerne skulle baseres udelukkende på ex post-bidrag under en systemisk krise, er det absolut nødvendigt, at de finansielle midler, der er til rådighed ex ante under de nationale finansieringsordninger, mindst beløber sig til et vist minimumsmålniveau.
(107)
For at sikre en rimelig beregning af bidrag og give incitamenter til at anvende en mindre risikobetonet model bør der i forbindelse med bidrag til nationale finansieringsordninger tages hensyn til omfanget af de kredit-, likviditets- og markedsrisici, institutterne har påtaget sig.
(108)
At sikre effektiv afvikling af nødlidende institutter i Unionen er et væsentligt led i gennemførelsen af det indre marked. Et instituts sammenbrud påvirker ikke kun den finansielle stabilitet på de markeder, hvor det opererer direkte, men også hele Unionens finansielle marked. Gennemførelsen af det indre marked for finansielle tjenesteydelser har styrket samspillet mellem de forskellige nationale finansielle systemer. Institutterne opererer uden for deres etableringsmedlemsstat og er indbyrdes forbundne med hinanden via interbankmarkedet og andre markeder, som i det væsentlige er tværeuropæiske. Det er ikke kun de medlemsstater, hvor disse institutter opererer, men samtlige medlemsstater generelt, der har en interesse i at sikre en effektiv finansiering af institutternes afvikling i alle medlemsstater for at sikre lige konkurrencevilkår og forbedre den måde, hvorpå det indre finansielle marked fungerer. Oprettelsen af et europæisk system af finansieringsordninger bør sikre, at alle de institutter, der opererer i Unionen, er omfattet af lige effektive ordninger til finansiering af afvikling og bidrager til stabiliteten i det indre marked.
(109)
For at opbygge modstandsdygtigheden i det europæiske system af finansieringsordninger og i overensstemmelse med det mål, der tilsiger, at finansieringen i første række bør komme fra aktionærer og kreditorer hos det institut, der er under afvikling, og dernæst fra erhvervslivet frem for fra de offentlige budgetter, kan finansieringsordninger anmode om at optage lån hos andre finansieringsordninger, hvis der er behov for det. De bør ligeledes have beføjelse til at yde lån til andre ordninger, der har behov for det. En sådan långivning bør være strengt frivillig. Afgørelsen om at yde lån til andre ordninger bør træffes af den udlånende finansieringsordning, men på grund af de potentielle finanspolitiske konsekvenser bør medlemsstater kunne kræve høring af eller samtykke fra det kompetente ministerium.
(110)
Finansieringsordninger oprettes på nationalt plan, men bør gensidiggøres i forbindelse med en koncernafvikling, forudsat at der opnået enighed mellem de nationale myndigheder om afvikling af instituttet. Indskud, der er dækket af indskudsgarantiordninger, bør ikke bære noget tab under afviklingsproceduren. Hvis en afviklingshandling sikrer, at indskydere fortsat har adgang til deres indskud, bør der stilles krav om, at indskudsgarantiordninger, som et institut under afvikling er medlem af, yder et bidrag, der ikke er højere end de tab, de ville have lidt, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
(111)
Dækkede indskud er beskyttet mod tab under afvikling, men andre berettigede indskud er potentielt til rådighed for tabsabsorbering. For at sikre en vis beskyttelse af fysiske personer og mikrovirksomheder samt små og mellemstore virksomheder med berettigede indskud, der overstiger det dækkede beløb, bør sådanne indskud placeres højere i prioritetsrækkefølgen end almindelige usikrede, ikkeprivilegerede kreditorers fordringer i henhold til de nationale bestemmelser om almindelig insolvensbehandling. Fordringer under indskudsgarantiordningen bør have en endnu højere prioritet i henhold til sådanne nationale bestemmelser end førnævnte kategorier af berettigede indskud. En harmonisering af national insolvensret på dette område er nødvendig for at mindske eksponeringen af afviklingsfondene i medlemsstaterne i henhold til princippet om, at ingen kreditor må stilles ringere end under en insolvensbehandling, som fastlagt i dette direktiv.
(112)
Hvis der i forbindelse med afviklingen af et institut overføres indskud til et andet institut, bør indskyderne ikke være forsikret ud over det dækningsniveau, der er fastsat i direktiv 2014/49/EU. Derfor bør fordringer på indskud, der forbliver i det institut, som er under afvikling, begrænses til differencen mellem de overførte midler og den dækning, der ydes i direktiv 2014/49/EU. Hvis de overførte indskud overstiger dækningen, bør indskyderen ikke kunne gøre nogen fordringer gældende over for indskudsgarantiordningen for så vidt angår indskud, der forbliver i det institut, der er under afvikling.
(113)
Ved oprettelsen af de finansieringsordninger, der skal udgøre det europæiske system af finansieringsordninger som fastsat i dette direktiv, bør det sikres, at anvendelsen af de midler, der er til rådighed på nationalt plan til afvikling, koordineres.
(114)
Beføjelsen til at vedtage retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 290 i TEUF bør delegeres til Kommissionen for så vidt angår præcisering af kriterier for definition af »kritiske funktioner« og »centrale forretningsområder« med henblik på dette direktiv; de omstændigheder, hvor udelukkelse af passiver fra gældsnedskrivning eller konverteringskrav efter dette direktiv er nødvendig, kategorier af ordninger for hvilke medlemsstaterne bør sikre passende beskyttelse af delvise overførsler; den måde på hvilken institutters bidrag til afviklingsfinansieringsordninger bør justeres i forhold til deres risikoprofil; registreringen, bogføringen, rapporteringskravene og andre krav, der har til hensigt at sikre, at de ex ante-bidrag faktisk bliver betalt; og de omstændigheder under hvilke og betingelser efter hvilke et institut kan undtages midlertidigt fra at betale ex post-bidrag. Det er navnlig vigtigt, at Kommissionen gennemfører relevante høringer under sit forberedende arbejde, herunder også på ekspertniveau. Kommissionen bør i forbindelse med forberedelsen og udarbejdelsen af delegerede retsakter sørge for samtidig, rettidig og hensigtsmæssig fremsendelse af relevante dokumenter til Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet.
(115)
Når det er fastsat i dette direktiv, er det hensigtsmæssigt, at EBA bør fremme konvergens i de nationale myndigheders praksis ved hjælp af retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010. Inden for områder, som ikke er omfattet af reguleringsmæssige eller gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder, kan EBA på eget initiativ udstede retningslinjer og henstillinger om anvendelse af EU-retten.
(116)
Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet bør have tre måneder fra meddelelsesdatoen til at gøre indsigelse mod en delegeret retsakt. Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet bør kunne underrette de øvrige institutioner om, at de ikke agter at gøre indsigelse.
(117)
Tekniske standarder for finansielle tjenesteydelser bør fremme en ensartet harmonisering og passende beskyttelse af indskydere, investorer og forbrugere i hele Unionen. Da EBA sidder inde med højt specialiseret faglig kompetence, vil det være effektivt og hensigtsmæssigt i de tilfælde, der er præciseret i dette direktiv, at lade dette organ få til opgave at udarbejde udkast til reguleringsmæssige og gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder, som ikke indebærer politiske valg, med henblik på forelæggelse for Kommissionen.
(118)
Kommissionen bør, når det er fastsat i dette direktiv, vedtage de udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, som EBA udarbejder, ved hjælp af delegerede retsakter i henhold til artikel 290 i TEUF og i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010. Kommissionen bør, når det er fastsat i dette direktiv, vedtage udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder, som EBA udarbejder, ved hjælp af gennemførelsesretsakter i henhold til artikel 291 i TEUF og i overensstemmelse med artikel 15 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
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Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF 
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 indeholder bestemmelser om gensidig anerkendelse og håndhævelse i alle medlemsstater af afgørelser vedrørende sanering og likvidation af institutter, der har filialer i andre medlemsstater end den, hvor de har deres hovedkontor. Direktivet sikrer, at alle instituttets aktiver og passiver, uanset i hvilket land de befinder sig, behandles ved en enkelt procedure i hjemlandet, og at kreditorer i værtsmedlemsstaterne behandles på samme måde som kreditorer i hjemlandet. For at gøre afviklingen effektiv bør direktiv 2001/24/EF gælde, hvis afviklingsværktøjerne tages i brug, både når disse instrumenter anvendes på institutter, og når de anvendes på andre enheder, som er omfattet af afviklingsordningen. Direktiv 2001/24/EF bør derfor ændres i overensstemmelse hermed.
(120)
Unionens selskabsdirektiver indeholder ufravigelige regler om beskyttelse af aktionærer og kreditorer i institutter, der falder ind under disse direktivers anvendelsesområde. I en situation, hvor afviklingsmyndighederne har behov for at handle hurtigt, kan disse regler være til hinder for afviklingsmyndighedernes effektive indsats og anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser, og der bør derfor indføres passende undtagelser i dette direktiv. For at sikre størst mulig retssikkerhed for de berørte parter bør undtagelserne defineres klart og snævert, og de bør kun anvendes ud fra almene hensyn, og når kriterierne for udløsning af afvikling er opfyldt. Anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer forudsætter, at afviklingsmålene og betingelserne for afvikling, der er fastsat i dette direktiv, opfyldes.
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Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2012/30/EU 
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 indeholder regler om aktionærernes ret til at træffe afgørelse om kapitalforhøjelser og -nedsættelser, om deres ret til at deltage i nye aktieudstedelser som vederlag for indskud, om beskyttelse af kreditorer i tilfælde af kapitalnedsættelser og om indkaldelse af generalforsamlingen i tilfælde af betydelige kapitaltab. Disse regler kan være til hinder for en hurtig indsats fra afviklingsmyndighedernes side, og der bør derfor fastsættes passende undtagelser.
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Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/35/EU 
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, fastsætter regler om bl.a. samtykke til fusioner fra generalforsamlingen i hvert af de fusionerende selskaber, om krav til fusionsplanen, beretningen fra ledelsesorganerne og beretningen fra sagkyndige samt om beskyttelse af kreditorer. Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF 
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 indeholder lignende regler om spaltning af aktieselskaber. Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2005/56/EF 
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 fastsætter tilsvarende regler vedrørende grænseoverskridende fusioner af selskaber med begrænset ansvar. Der bør fastsættes passende undtagelser fra disse direktiver, således at afviklingsmyndighederne kan handle hurtigt.
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I Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2004/25/EF 
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 er der fastsat en forpligtelse til at fremsætte et tilbud om at overtage alle et selskabs aktier til en rimelig pris som defineret i nævnte direktiv, hvis en person, direkte eller indirekte, alene eller i forståelse med andre, erhverver en vis procentdel af aktierne i selskabet, som giver vedkommende kontrol med selskabet ifølge national ret. Formålet med reglen om obligatorisk tilbud er at beskytte minoritetsinteresser, i tilfælde af at kontrollen med selskabet ændres. Udsigten til så bekostelig en forpligtelse kan dog muligvis afholde eventuelle investorer fra at investere i det berørte institut og dermed gøre det vanskeligt for afviklingsmyndighederne at gøre brug af alle deres afviklingsbeføjelser. Der bør indrømmes passende undtagelser fra reglen om obligatorisk tilbud i det omfang, det er nødvendigt for anvendelsen af afviklingsbeføjelserne, men efter afviklingsperioden bør denne regel gælde for enhver aktionær, der overtager kontrollen med det berørte institut.
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Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2007/36/EF 
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, fastsætter proceduremæssige aktionærrettigheder i relation til generalforsamlinger. Direktiv 2007/36/EF indeholder bl.a. regler om minimumsvarslet for indkaldelse til generalforsamlinger og om indholdet af indkaldelsen til generalforsamling. Disse regler kan være til hinder for en hurtig indsats fra afviklingsmyndighedernes side, og der bør derfor fastsættes passende undtagelser fra direktivet. Forud for en afvikling kan der være behov for en hurtig kapitaludvidelse, hvis instituttet ikke opfylder eller forventes ikke at opfylde kravene i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU, og hvis en kapitaludvidelse forventes at kunne rette op på den finansielle situation og undgå en situation, hvor tærskelkriterierne for afvikling er opfyldt. I sådanne situationer bør der være mulighed for at indkalde til generalforsamling med kort varsel. Aktionærerne bør imidlertid fortsat have beføjelse til at træffe afgørelse om kapitaludvidelsen og om det kortere varsel for indkaldelse til generalforsamlinger. Der bør indrømmes passende undtagelser fra direktiv 2007/36/EF med henblik på indførelsen af denne ordning.
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For at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighederne er repræsenteret i Det Europæiske Finanstilsynssystem, der er oprettet ved forordning (EU) nr. 1092/2010, forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1094/2010 
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 og Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1095/2010 
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, og sikre, at EBA har den nødvendige sagkundskab til at udføre de opgaver, dette direktiv fastsætter, bør forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 ændres således, at begrebet kompetente myndigheder som defineret i nævnte forordning også omfatter de nationale afviklingsmyndigheder som defineret i dette direktiv. Denne ligestilling af afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente myndigheder i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 ligger i forlængelse af de opgaver, der tildeles EBA i henhold til artikel 25 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, med at bidrage til og aktivt deltage i udarbejdelsen og koordineringen af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner og sigte mod at lette afviklingen af nødlidende institutter og navnlig grænseoverskridende koncerner.
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Der bør stilles krav om, at medlemsstaterne for at sikre, at institutterne, de personer, der faktisk varetager den daglige ledelse, samt deres ledelsesorgan overholder de forpligtelser, der hidrører fra dette direktiv, og sikre, at de behandles ens i hele Unionen, indfører administrative sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger, som er effektive, står i rimeligt forhold til overtrædelsen og er afskrækkende. Derfor bør de administrative sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger, som medlemsstaterne fastlægger, opfylde en række væsentlige krav vedrørende adressaterne, de kriterier, der skal tages hensyn til ved anvendelsen af en sanktion eller anden administrativ foranstaltning, offentliggørelsen af sanktionerer eller andre administrative foranstaltninger, de vigtigste sanktionsbeføjelser og størrelsen af de administrative bøder. EBA bør under overholdelse af en streng tjenstlig tavshedspligt føre en central database indeholdende alle administrative sanktioner og informationer om klager, den er blevet underrettet om af de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne.
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Dette direktiv omhandler såvel administrative sanktioner som andre administrative foranstaltninger for at omfatte alle de skridt, der tages, efter at en overtrædelse er begået, og som skal forhindre yderligere overtrædelser, uanset om de i henhold til national ret betragtes som sanktioner eller som andre administrative foranstaltninger.
(128)
Selv om intet forhindrer medlemsstaterne i at fastsætte bestemmelser om administrative sanktioner og om strafferetlige sanktioner for de samme overtrædelser, bør de ikke være forpligtet til at fastsætte bestemmelser om administrative sanktioner for de overtrædelser af dette direktiv, der er omfattet af national strafferet. I overensstemmelse med national ret er medlemsstaterne ikke forpligtet til at pålægge såvel administrative som strafferetlige sanktioner for samme overtrædelse, men de kan gøre det, hvis det er tilladt i henhold til deres nationale lovgivning. Opretholdelsen af strafferetlige sanktioner snarere end administrative sanktioner eller andre administrative foranstaltninger for overtrædelser af dette direktiv bør dog ikke begrænse eller på anden måde påvirke afviklingsmyndighedernes og de kompetente myndigheders mulighed for at samarbejde med og rettidigt få adgang til og udveksle oplysninger med afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente myndigheder i andre medlemsstater i forbindelse med dette direktiv, herunder efter at de pågældende overtrædelser er indgivet ved de kompetente retslige myndigheder med henblik på retsforfølgning.
(129)
I henhold til den fælles politiske erklæring af 28. september 2011 fra medlemsstaterne og Kommissionen om forklarende dokumenter 
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 har medlemsstaterne forpligtet sig til i tilfælde, hvor det er berettiget, at lade meddelelsen af gennemførelsesforanstaltninger ledsage af et eller flere dokumenter, der forklarer forholdet mellem et direktivs bestanddele og de tilsvarende dele i de nationale gennemførelsesinstrumenter. I forbindelse med dette direktiv finder lovgiver, at fremsendelse af sådanne dokumenter er berettiget.
(130)
I dette direktiv overholdes de grundlæggende rettigheder og de rettigheder, friheder og principper, som bl.a. anerkendes i chartret, navnlig ejendomsretten, adgang til effektive retsmidler og til en upartisk domstol og retten til et forsvar.
(131)
Målet for dette direktiv, nemlig harmonisering af regler og procedurer for afvikling af institutter, kan ikke i tilstrækkelig grad opfyldes af medlemsstaterne, men kan på grund af virkningerne i hele Unionen af et instituts sammenbrud bedre nås på EU-plan; Unionen kan derfor træffe foranstaltninger i overensstemmelse med nærhedsprincippet, jf. artikel 5 i traktaten om Den Europæiske Union. I overensstemmelse med proportionalitetsprincippet, jf. nævnte artikel, går dette direktiv ikke videre, end hvad der er nødvendigt for at nå dette mål.
(132)
Når kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndigheder træffer afgørelser eller foranstaltninger i henhold til dette direktiv, bør de altid tage behørigt hensyn til konsekvenserne af deres afgørelser og foranstaltninger for den finansielle stabilitet og den økonomiske situation i andre medlemsstater, og de bør overveje betydningen af eventuelle datterselskaber eller filialer for den finansielle sektor og økonomien i den medlemsstat, hvor sådanne datterselskaber eller filialer er etableret eller beliggende, selv i tilfælde hvor det pågældende datterselskab eller den pågældende filial er af mindre betydning for den konsoliderede koncern.
(133)
Kommissionen gennemgår erfaringerne med den overordnede anvendelse af dette direktiv og overvejer navnlig, på baggrund af de ordninger, der fastlægges i henhold til enhver EU-retsakt om indførelse af en afviklingsmekanisme, som omfatter mere end én medlemsstat, udøvelsen af EBA's beføjelser i henhold til dette direktiv til at mægle mellem en afviklingsmyndighed i en medlemsstat, der deltager i mekanismen, og en afviklingsmyndighed i en medlemsstat, der ikke deltager deri —
VEDTAGET DETTE DIREKTIV:
AFSNIT I
ANVENDELSESOMRÅDE, DEFINITIONER OG MYNDIGHEDER
Artikel 1
Genstand og anvendelsesområde
1.   I dette direktiv fastsættes der regler og procedurer for genopretning og afvikling af følgende enheder:
a)
institutter, der er etableret i Unionen
b)
finansieringsinstitutter, der er etableret i Unionen, hvis finansieringsinstituttet er datterselskab af et kreditinstitut eller et investeringsselskab eller af et selskab som omhandlet i litra c) eller d) og indgår i tilsynet med moderselskabet på et konsolideret grundlag i overensstemmelse med artikel 6-17 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
c)
finansielle holdingselskaber, blandede finansielle holdingselskaber og blandede holdingselskaber, der er etableret i Unionen
d)
finansielle moderholdingselskaber i en medlemsstat, finansielle moderholdingselskaber i Unionen, blandede finansielle moderholdingselskaber i en medlemsstat og blandede finansielle moderholdingselskaber i Unionen
e)
filialer af institutter, der er etableret eller beliggende uden for Unionen, jf. de særlige vilkår, der er fastlagt i dette direktiv.
Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder skal i forbindelse med fastlæggelsen og anvendelsen af kravene i henhold til dette direktiv og anvendelsen af de forskellige værktøjer, som de har til rådighed for så vidt angår de første afsnit omhandlede enheder, samt under overholdelse af specifikke bestemmelser tage hensyn til karakteren af et instituts forretningsaktiviteter, aktionærstruktur, retlige form, risikoprofil, størrelse og retlige status, dets forbundethed med andre institutter eller med det finansielle system generelt, omfanget og kompleksiteten af dets aktiviteter, dets medlemskab af en institutsikringsordning, der opfylder kravene i artikel 113, stk. 7, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, eller af andre kooperative systemer for gensidig solidaritet som omhandlet i artikel 113, stk. 6, i nævnte forordning, og spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt det udfører investeringsservice og -aktiviteter som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 2), i direktiv 2014/65/EU.
2.   Medlemsstaterne kan vedtage eller opretholde regler, som skærper eller supplerer dem, der er fastsat i dette direktiv og i de delegerede retsakter og gennemførelsesretsakter, der vedtages på grundlag af dette direktiv, forudsat at de er af generel karakter og ikke strider mod dette direktiv og de delegerede retsakter og gennemførelsesretsakter, der er vedtaget på grundlag heraf.
Artikel 2
Definitioner
1.   I dette direktiv forstås ved:
1)   
»afvikling«
: anvendelse af et afviklingsværktøj eller af et værktøj som omhandlet i artikel 37, stk. 9, med henblik på at opfylde et eller flere af afviklingsmålene som omhandlet i artikel 31, stk. 2
2)   
»kreditinstitut«
: et kreditinstitut som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 1), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, bortset fra de enheder, der er omhandlet i artikel 2, stk. 5, i direktiv 2013/36/EU
3)   
»investeringsselskab«
: et investeringsselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 2), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, som er underlagt startkapitalkravet fastsat i artikel 28, stk. 2, i direktiv 2013/36/EU
4)   
»finansieringsinstitut«
: et finansieringsinstitut som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 26), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
5)   
»datterselskab«
: et datterselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 16), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
6)   
»moderselskab«
: et moderselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 15), litra a), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
7)   
»konsolideret grundlag«
: grundlaget for den konsoliderede situation som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 47), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
8)   
»institutsikringsordning«
: en ordning, der opfylder kravene i artikel 113, stk. 7, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
9)   
»finansielt holdingselskab«
: et finansielt holdingselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 20), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
10)   
»blandet finansielt holdingselskab«
: et blandet finansielt holdingselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 21), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
11)   
»blandet holdingselskab«
: et blandet holdingselskab som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 22), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
12)   
»finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat«
: et finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 30), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
13)   
»finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen«
: et finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 31), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
14)   
»blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat«
: et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 32), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
15)   
»blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen«
: et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 33), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
16)   
»afviklingsmål«
: de i artikel 31, stk. 2, omhandlede afviklingsmål
17)   
»filial«
: en filial som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 17), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
18)   
»afviklingsmyndighed«
: en myndighed, som er udpeget af en medlemsstat i overensstemmelse med artikel 3
19)   
»afviklingsværktøj«
: et afviklingsværktøj som omhandlet i artikel 37, stk. 3
20)   
»afviklingsbeføjelse«
: en beføjelse som omhandlet i artikel 63-72
21)   
»kompetent myndighed«
: en kompetent myndighed som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 40), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, herunder Den Europæiske Centralbank for så vidt angår de særlige opgaver, den har fået overdraget ved Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1024/2013 
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22)   
»kompetente ministerier«
: finansministerier eller andre ministerier i medlemsstaterne, som har ansvar for økonomiske, finansielle og budgetmæssige beslutninger på nationalt plan i henhold til den nationale kompetencefordeling, og som er udpeget i overensstemmelse med artikel 3, stk. 5
23)   
»institut«
: et kreditinstitut eller et investeringsselskab
24)   
»ledelsesorgan«
: et ledelsesorgan som defineret i artikel 3, stk. 1, nr. 7), i direktiv 2013/36/EU
25)   
»daglig ledelse«
: den daglige ledelse som defineret i artikel 3, stk. 1, nr. 9), i direktiv 2013/36/EU
26)   
»koncern«
: et moderselskab og dets datterselskaber
27)   
»grænseoverskridende koncern«
: en koncern, der har etableret koncernenheder i mere end én medlemsstat
28)   
»ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige«
: statsstøtte som omhandlet i artikel 107, stk. 1, i TEUF eller enhver anden offentlig finansiel støtte på overnationalt niveau, som, hvis den blev ydet på nationalt niveau, ville udgøre statsstøtte, og som ydes for at bevare eller genoprette levedygtigheden, likviditeten eller solvensen af et institut eller de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) omhandlede enheder eller af en koncern, som et sådant institut eller en sådan enhed er en del af
29)   
»likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation«
: en centralbanks ydelse af centralbankpenge eller enhver anden bistand, som kan medføre en forøgelse af mængden af centralbankpenge, til et solvent finansieringsinstitut eller en koncern af solvente finansieringsinstitutter, som har midlertidige likviditetsproblemer, uden at en sådan operation udgør en del af pengepolitikken
30)   
»systemisk krise«
: forstyrrelse af det finansielle system med potentielt alvorlige negative konsekvenser for det indre marked og realøkonomien. Alle typer af finansielle formidlere, markeder og infrastrukturer kan potentielt være systemisk vigtige i et vist omfang
31)   
»koncernenhed«
: en juridisk person, der tilhører en koncern
32)   
»genopretningsplan«
: en genopretningsplan, der udarbejdes og vedligeholdes af et institut i overensstemmelse med artikel 5
33)   
»koncerngenopretningsplan«
: en koncerngenopretningsplan, der udarbejdes og vedligeholdes i overensstemmelse med artikel 7
34)   
»væsentlig filial«
: en filial, der ville blive betragtet som væsentlig i en værtsmedlemsstat i overensstemmelse med artikel 51, stk. 1, i direktiv 2013/36/EU
35)   
»kritiske funktioner«
: aktiviteter, ydelser eller transaktioner, hvis ophør i en eller flere medlemsstater kan forventes at føre til forstyrrelser i ydelser, der er af afgørende betydning for realøkonomien, eller til forstyrrelse af den finansielle stabilitet som følge af et instituts eller en koncerns størrelse, markedsandel, eksterne og interne forbundethed, kompleksitet eller grænseoverskridende aktiviteter, navnlig med hensyn til muligheden for at erstatte de pågældende aktiviteter, ydelser eller transaktioner
36)   
»centrale forretningsområder«
: forretningsområder og hertil knyttede ydelser, der repræsenterer væsentlige kilder til indtægter, fortjeneste eller franchiseværdi for et institut eller en koncern, som et institut er en del af
37)   
»konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed«
: en konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 41), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
38)   
»kapitalgrundlag«
: kapitalgrundlag som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 118), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
39)   
»betingelser for afvikling«
: de i artikel 32, stk. 1, omhandlede betingelser
40)   
»afviklingshandling«
: afgørelse om at lade et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), afvikle i henhold til artikel 32 eller 33, anvendelse af et afviklingsværktøj eller udøvelse af en eller flere afviklingsbeføjelser
41)   
»afviklingsplan«
: en afviklingsplan for et institut udarbejdet i overensstemmelse med artikel 10
42)   
»koncernafvikling«
:
a)
en afviklingshandling, der træffes for et moderselskab eller et institut, der er underlagt konsolideret tilsyn, eller
b)
afviklingsmyndighedernes koordinering af anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser over for koncernenheder, der opfylder betingelserne for afvikling
43)   
»koncernafviklingsplan«
: en plan for koncernafvikling udarbejdet i overensstemmelse med artikel 12 og 13
44)   
»koncernafviklingsmyndighed«
: afviklingsmyndigheden i den medlemsstat, hvor den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed befinder sig
45)   
»koncernafviklingsordning«
: en plan udarbejdet med henblik på koncernafvikling i overensstemmelse med artikel 91
46)   
»afviklingskollegium«
: et kollegium etableret i overensstemmelse med artikel 88 med henblik på at udføre de i artikel 88, stk. 1, omhandlede opgaver
47)   
»almindelig insolvensbehandling«
: en kollektiv insolvensbehandling, der medfører, at en skyldner helt eller delvis mister rådigheden over sine aktiver, og at der udpeges en kurator eller en administrator, og som normalt finder anvendelse på institutter i henhold til national ret, og som enten er specifik for disse institutter eller gælder generelt for alle fysiske og juridiske personer
48)   
»gældsinstrumenter«, jf. artikel 63, stk. 1, litra g) og j)
: obligationer og andre former for omsættelig gæld, instrumenter, der skaber eller anerkender en gæld, og instrumenter, der giver ret til at erhverve gældsinstrumenter
49)   
»moderinstitut i en medlemsstat«
: et moderinstitut i en medlemsstat, som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 28), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
50)   
»moderinstitut i Unionen«
: et moderinstitut i Unionen som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 29), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
51)   
»krav til kapitalgrundlag«
: kravene i artikel 92-98 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
52)   
»tilsynskollegium«
: et kollegium af tilsynsførende etableret i henhold til artikel 116 i direktiv 2013/36/EU
53)   
»Unionens statsstøtteregler«
: de rammebestemmelser, der er etableret ved artikel 107, 108 og 109 i TEUF, samt forordninger og alle EU-retsakter, herunder retningslinjer og meddelelser, der er udstedt eller vedtaget i medfør af artikel 108, stk. 4, eller artikel 109 i TEUF
54)   
»likvidation«
: realisering af et instituts eller en enheds aktiver som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
55)   
»værktøj til adskillelse af aktiver«
: mekanisme for en afviklingsmyndigheds overførsel af aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut, der er under afvikling, til et porteføljeadministrationsselskab i overensstemmelse med artikel 42
56)   
»porteføljeadministrationsselskab«
: en juridisk person, der opfylder kravene i artikel 42, stk. 2
57)   
»bail-in-værktøj«
: mekanisme for en afviklingsmyndigheds udøvelse af beføjelserne til nedskrivning og konvertering af passiverne i et institut, der er under afvikling, i overensstemmelse med artikel 43
58)   
»virksomhedssalgsværktøj«
: mekanisme for en afviklingsmyndigheds overførsel af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der er udstedt af et institut under afvikling, eller af aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut under afvikling til en køber, der ikke er et broinstitut, i overensstemmelse med artikel 38
59)   
»broinstitut«
: en juridisk person, der opfylder kravene i artikel 40, stk. 2
60)   
»broinstitutværktøj«
: mekanisme for overførsel af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der er udstedt af et institut under afvikling, eller af aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut under afvikling til et broinstitut i overensstemmelse med artikel 40
61)   
»ejerskabsinstrumenter«
: aktier, andre instrumenter, der overdrager ejerskab, instrumenter, der kan konverteres til eller giver ret til at erhverve aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, og instrumenter, der repræsenterer aktieinteresser eller andre ejerskabsinteresser
62)   
»aktionærer«
: aktionærer eller indehaverne af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
63)   
»overførselsbeføjelser«
: de beføjelser, der er anført i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), til at overføre aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, gældsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver eller en kombination af disse fra et institut under afvikling til en modtager
64)   
»central modpart«
: en central modpart som defineret i artikel 2, nr. 1), i forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012
65)   
»derivat«
: et derivat som defineret i artikel 2, nr. 5), i forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012
66)   
»gældsnedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser«
: de i artikel 59, stk. 2, og artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e)-i), omhandlede beføjelser
67)   
»sikret passiv«
: et passiv, hvor kreditors ret til betaling eller anden form for ydelse er sikret ved et aktiv, et pant eller en tilbageholdelsesret eller en sikkerhedsstillelse, herunder passiver hidrørende fra tilbagekøbsaftaler og andre sikkerhedsstillelser i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret
68)   
»egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter«
: kapitalinstrumenter, der opfylder kravene fastsat i artikel 28, stk. 1-4, artikel 29, stk. 1-5, eller artikel 31, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
69)   
»hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter«
: kapitalinstrumenter, der opfylder kravene i artikel 52, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
70)   
»samlet beløb«
: det samlede beløb, på grundlag af hvilket afviklingsmyndigheden har vurderet, at de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal nedskrives eller konverteres, jf. artikel 46, stk. 1
71)   
»nedskrivningsrelevante passiver«
: de passiver og kapitalinstrumenter, der ikke kvalificerer som egentlige eller hybride kernekapitalinstumenter eller supplerende kapitalinstrumenter i et institut eller i en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der ikke er udelukket fra anvendelsesområdet for bail-in-værktøjet i medfør af artikel 44, stk. 2
72)   
»indskudsgarantiordning«
: en indskudsgarantiordning, der indføres og officielt anerkendes af en medlemsstat i henhold til artikel 4 i direktiv 2014/49/EU
73)   
»supplerende kapitalinstrumenter«
: kapitalinstrumenter eller efterstillede lån, der opfylder kravene i artikel 63 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
74)   
»relevante kapitalinstrumenter«
: i forbindelse med afsnit IV, kapitel IV, afdeling 5, og afsnit IV, kapitel V, hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter og supplerende kapitalinstrumenter
75)   
»konverteringssats«
: den faktor, der bestemmer antallet af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, som et passiv af en bestemt kategori vil blive konverteret til, enten på basis af et enkelt instrument af den pågældende kategori eller på basis af en specifik værdienhed af en gældsfordring
76)   
»berørt kreditor«
: en kreditor, hvis fordring vedrører et passiv, der nedbringes eller konverteres til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter ved udøvelsen af nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen i henhold til anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet
77)   
»berørt indehaver«
: en indehaver af ejerskabsinstrumenter, hvis ejerskabsinstrumenter annulleres i medfør af den i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra h), omhandlede beføjelse
78)   
»ansvarlig myndighed«
: den myndighed i den efter artikel 61 identificerede medlemsstat, som i henhold til lovgivningen i denne medlemsstat er ansvarlig for at træffe de i artikel 59, stk. 3, anførte afgørelser
79)   
»relevant moderinstitut«
: et moderinstitut i en medlemsstat, et moderinstitut i Unionen, et finansielt holdingselskab, et blandet finansielt holdingselskab, et blandet holdingselskab, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen, et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat eller et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen, over for hvilket bail-in-værktøjet anvendes
80)   
»modtager«
: den enhed, til hvilken der overføres aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, gældsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver eller en kombination af disse fra et institut under afvikling
81)   
»arbejdsdag«
: enhver anden dag end en lørdag, en søndag eller en dag, som er helligdag i den berørte medlemsstat
82)   
»opsigelsesret«
: retten til at opsige en kontrakt, retten til at fremskynde, afslutte, modregne eller nette forpligtelser og enhver lignende bestemmelse, der suspenderer, ændrer eller ophæver en kontraktparts forpligtelse eller en bestemmelse, der forhindrer en kontraktlig forpligtelse, som ellers ville opstå, i at opstå
83)   
»institut under afvikling«
: et institut, et finansielt institut, et finansielt holdingselskab, et blandet finansielt holdingselskab, et blandet holdingselskab, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen, et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat eller et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen, over for hvilket der træffes en afviklingshandling
84)   
»EU-datterselskab«
: et institut, som er etableret i en medlemsstat, og som er et datterselskab af et institut eller et tredjelandsmoderselskab
85)   
»modervirksomhed i Unionen«
: et moderinstitut i Unionen, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen eller et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen
86)   
»tredjelandsinstitut«
: en enhed, hvis hovedkontor er etableret i et tredjeland, og som ville være omfattet af definitionen på et institut, hvis det var etableret inden for Unionen
87)   
»tredjelandsmoderselskab«
: et moderselskab i et tredjeland, et finansielt moderholdingselskab i et tredjeland eller et blandet finansielt moderholdingselskab i et tredjeland
88)   
»afviklingsprocedure i et tredjeland«
: en foranstaltning i henhold til lovgivningen i et tredjeland med henblik på at forvalte et tredjelandsinstituts eller tredjelandsmoderselskabets sammenbrud, og som med hensyn til målene og de forventede resultater kan sammenlignes med afviklingshandlinger i henhold til dette direktiv
89)   
»EU-filial«
: et tredjelandsinstituts filial, der er beliggende i en medlemsstat
90)   
»relevant tredjelandsmyndighed«
: en tredjelandsmyndighed, som varetager de samme opgaver som dem, der varetages af afviklingsmyndigheder eller kompetente myndigheder i henhold til dette direktiv
91)   
»finansieringsordning for koncerner«
: den eller de finansieringsordninger, der gælder i koncernafviklingsmyndighedens medlemsstat
92)   
»back-to-back-transaktion«
: en transaktion, der indgås mellem to koncernenheder med det formål at overføre hele eller en del af risikoen i forbindelse med en anden transaktion, som en af disse koncernenheder har indgået med tredjemand
93)   
»koncernintern sikkerhedsstillelse«
: en kontrakt, hvorved en koncernenhed stiller en sikkerhed for en anden koncernenheds forpligtelser over for tredjemand
94)   
»dækkede indskud«
: dækkede indskud som defineret i artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 5), i direktiv 2014/49/EU
95)   
»berettigede indskud«
: berettigede indskud som defineret i artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 4), i direktiv 2014/49/EU
96)   
»dækket obligation«
: et instrument som omhandlet i artikel 52, stk. 4, i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2009/65/EF 
(
26
)
97)   
»aftale om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret«
: en aftale som defineret i artikel 2, stk. 1, litra b), i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2002/47/EF 
(
27
)
98)   
»nettingaftale«
: en aftale, hvorved et antal krav eller forpligtelser kan konverteres til et enkelt nettokrav, herunder slutregningsaftaler (close-out netting), hvor parternes forpligtelser ved forekomsten af en fyldestgørelsesgrund (uanset hvordan og hvor den er defineret) fremskyndes, således at de forfalder eller afsluttes øjeblikkeligt, og i begge tilfælde konverteres til eller erstattes af et enkelt nettokrav, heri inkluderet »bestemmelser om slutafregning« (close-out netting) som defineret i artikel 2, stk. 1, litra n), nr. i), i direktiv 2002/47/EF, og »netting« som defineret i artikel 2, litra k), i direktiv 98/26/EF
99)   
»aftale om modregning«
: en aftale, hvorved to eller flere krav eller forpligtelser mellem instituttet under afvikling og en modpart kan modregnes hinanden
100)   
»finansielle kontrakter«
: følgende kontrakter og aftaler:
a)
værdipapirkontrakter, herunder
i)
kontrakter om køb, salg eller lån af et værdipapir, en gruppe værdipapirer eller et værdipapirindeks
ii)
optioner på et værdipapir, en gruppe værdipapirer eller et værdipapirindeks
iii)
tilbagekøbstransaktioner eller omvendte tilbagekøbstransaktioner vedrørende et sådant værdipapir, en sådan gruppe eller et sådant indeks
b)
råvarekontrakter, herunder
i)
kontrakter om køb, salg eller lån af en vare, en gruppe af råvarer eller et råvareindeks til fremtidig levering
ii)
optioner på en råvare, en gruppe af råvarer eller et råvareindeks
iii)
tilbagekøbstransaktioner eller omvendte tilbagekøbstransaktioner vedrørende en sådan råvare, en sådan gruppe eller et sådant indeks
c)
futures og forwardkontrakter, herunder kontrakter (bortset fra varekontrakter) om køb, salg eller overførsel af en råvare eller et andet gode, tjenesteydelse, rettighed eller interesse til en fast pris på en fremtidig dato
d)
swapaftaler, herunder:
i)
swaps og optioner vedrørende rentesatser; spotaftaler eller andre aftaler vedrørende valuta; valuta, et aktieindeks eller en aktie, et obligationsindeks eller en obligation, råvareindeks eller råvarer; vejrforhold; emissioner eller inflation
ii)
total return swaps, credit spread swaps eller credit swaps
iii)
alle aftaler eller transaktioner, der svarer til en aftale som omhandlet i nr. i) eller ii), og som der løbende handles med på swaps- eller derivatmarkederne
e)
låneaftaler mellem banker, hvor lånets løbetid er tre måneder eller derunder
f)
masteraftaler vedrørende enhver af de i litra a)-e) omhandlede kontrakter eller aftaler
101)   
»kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning«
: udøvelse af beføjelser til at pålægge fjernelse af mangler eller hindringer for genopretningsmuligheden i henhold til artikel 6, stk. 6, udøvelse af beføjelser til at imødegå eller fjerne hindringer for afviklingsmuligheden i henhold til artikel 17 eller artikel 18, anvendelse af en foranstaltning til tidlig indgriben i henhold til artikel 27, udpegelse af en midlertidig administrator i henhold til artikel 29 eller udøvelse af beføjelserne til nedskrivning eller konvertering i henhold til artikel 59
102)   
»krisestyringsforanstaltning«
: en afviklingshandling eller udpegelse af en særlig administrator i henhold til artikel 35 eller en person i henhold til artikel 51, stk. 2, eller artikel 72, stk. 1
103)   
»genopretningskapacitet«
: et instituts evne til at genoprette sin finansielle stilling efter en betydelig forværring
104)   
»indskyder«
: en indskyder som defineret i artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 6), i direktiv 2014/49/EU
105)   
»investor«
: en investor som defineret i artikel 1, nr. 4), i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 97/9/EF 
(
28
)
106)   
»udpeget national makroprudentiel myndighed«
: en myndighed, som det betros at gennemføre den makroprudentielle politik som omhandlet i henstilling B, punkt 1, i henstillingen fra Det Europæiske Udvalg for Systemiske Risicis af 22. december 2011 om de nationale myndigheders makroprudentielle mandat (ESRB/2011/3)
107)   
»mikrovirksomheder, små og mellemstore virksomheder«
: mikrovirksomheder, små og mellemstore virksomheder defineret ud fra kriteriet om årlig omsætning, jf. artikel 2, stk. 1, i bilaget til Kommissionens henstilling 2003/361/EF 
(
29
)
.
108)   
»reguleret marked«
: reguleret marked som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 21), i direktiv 2014/65/EU.
2.   Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115 med henblik på at præcisere kriterierne for fastsættelse af de i stk. 1, nr. 35), omhandlede aktiviteter, ydelser og transaktioner med hensyn til definitionen af »kritiske funktioner« og kriterierne for fastsættelse af de i stk. 1, nr. 36), omhandlede forretningsområder og hertil knyttede ydelser med hensyn til definitionen af »centrale forretningsområder«.
Artikel 3
Udpegelse af myndigheder med ansvar for afvikling
1.   Medlemsstaterne udpeger hver især en eller undtagelsesvis flere afviklingsmyndigheder, der tillægges beføjelser til at anvende afviklingsværktøjer og udøve afviklingsbeføjelser.
2.   Afviklingsmyndigheden skal være en offentlig administrativ myndighed eller myndigheder, der har fået overdraget offentlige administrative beføjelser.
3.   Afviklingsmyndigheder kan være nationale centralbanker, kompetente ministerier eller andre offentlige administrative myndigheder eller myndigheder, der har fået overdraget offentlige administrative beføjelser. Medlemsstaterne kan undtagelsesvis fastsætte, at afviklingsmyndigheden er de kompetente tilsynsmyndigheder for så vidt angår forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU. Der skal være passende strukturelle ordninger til at sikre operationel uafhængighed og undgå interessekonflikter mellem tilsynsfunktionerne i henhold til forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU eller den relevante myndigheds øvrige funktioner og afviklingsmyndighedernes funktioner i henhold til nærværende direktiv, uden at det berører den udveksling af oplysninger og de samarbejdsforpligtelser, der kræves i stk. 4. Medlemsstaterne sikrer navnlig, at den relevante myndigheds afviklings- og tilsynsfunktion og andre funktioner holdes adskilt inden for rammerne af de kompetente myndigheder, de nationale centralbanker, de kompetente ministerier eller andre myndigheder.
De medarbejdere, der er involveret i at udføre afviklingsmyndighedens funktioner i henhold til dette direktiv, skal være strukturelt adskilt fra, og underlagt særskilte kommandoveje i forhold til, de medarbejdere, der er involveret i at udføre opgaverne i henhold til forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU, eller i forhold til den pågældende myndigheds andre funktioner.
I forbindelse med anvendelsen af dette stykke skal medlemsstaterne eller afviklingsmyndigheden vedtage og offentliggøre eventuelt fornødne relevante interne regler, herunder regler om tavshedspligt og udveksling af oplysninger mellem de forskellige funktionsområder.
4.   Medlemsstaterne stiller krav om, at de myndigheder, der udøver tilsyns- og afviklingsfunktioner, og de personer, der udøver disse funktioner på deres vegne, arbejder tæt sammen om forberedelse, planlægning og anvendelse af afviklingsafgørelser, både når afviklingsmyndigheden og den kompetente myndighed er separate enheder, og når funktionerne varetages i den samme enhed.
5.   Hver medlemsstat udpeger et enkelt ministerium, som er ansvarligt for at varetage det kompetente ministeriums opgaver i henhold til dette direktiv.
6.   Er afviklingsmyndigheden i en medlemsstat ikke det kompetente ministerium, skal den underrette det kompetente ministerium om afgørelser i henhold til dette direktiv og, medmindre andet er fastsat i national ret, have dets godkendelse, inden den gennemfører afgørelser, der har direkte budgetmæssig virkning eller systemisk betydning.
7.   De afgørelser, som de kompetente myndigheder, afviklingsmyndighederne og EBA træffer i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv, skal tage hensyn til den pågældende afgørelses potentielle virkninger i alle de medlemsstater, hvor instituttet eller koncernen driver virksomhed, og minimere de negative virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet og de negative økonomiske og sociale virkninger i disse medlemsstater. EBA's afgørelser træffes i overensstemmelse med artikel 38 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
8.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at hver enkelt afviklingsmyndighed har sagkundskab, ressourcer og operationel kapacitet til at kunne anvende afviklingshandlinger, og at den er i stand til at udøve sine beføjelser med den hurtighed og fleksibilitet, der er nødvendig for at opfylde afviklingsmålene.
9.   EBA udvikler i samarbejde med de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne den ekspertise, de ressourcer og den operationelle kapacitet, der er nødvendig, og overvåger gennemførelsen af stk. 8, herunder gennem periodiske peerevalueringer.
10.   Udpeger en medlemsstat i overensstemmelse med stk. 1 mere end én myndighed til at anvende afviklingsværktøjer og udøve afviklingsbeføjelser, giver den EBA og Kommissionen en fuldt begrundet meddelelse herom og fordeler opgaver og ansvarsområder klart mellem de pågældende myndigheder, sørger for tilstrækkelig koordinering mellem dem og udpeger en enkelt myndighed som kontaktmyndighed med henblik på samarbejde og koordinering med de relevante myndigheder i andre medlemsstater.
11.   Medlemsstaterne meddeler EBA, hvilken eller hvilke nationale myndigheder der er udpeget som afviklingsmyndigheder og som kontaktmyndighed, og, hvis det er relevant, hvilke specifikke opgaver og ansvarsområder de har. EBA offentliggør en liste over de pågældende afviklingsmyndigheder og kontaktmyndigheder.
12.   Med forbehold af artikel 85 kan medlemsstaterne begrænse afviklingsmyndighedens og den kompetente myndigheds og deres respektive medarbejderes ansvar i overensstemmelse med national ret for handlinger og forsømmelser i forbindelse med varetagelsen af deres funktioner efter dette direktiv.
AFSNIT II
FORBEREDELSE
KAPITEL I
Genopretnings- og afviklingsplanlægning
Afdeling 1
Almindelige bestemmelser
Artikel 4
Forenklede forpligtelser for visse institutter
1.   Under hensyntagen til de konsekvenser det kan få, at et institut bliver nødlidende, på grund af karakteren af dets forretningsaktiviteter, aktionærstruktur, retlige form, risikoprofil, størrelse og retlige status, dets forbindelser med andre institutter eller med det finansielle system generelt, omfanget og kompleksiteten af instituttets aktiviteter, dets medlemskab af en institutsikringsordning eller af andre kooperative systemer vedrørende gensidig solidaritet som omhandlet i artikel 113, stk. 7, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, til om det udfører investeringsservice eller -aktiviteter som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 2), i direktiv 2014/65/EU, eller til om dets sammenbrud og efterfølgende likvidation ved almindelig insolvensbehandling forventes at få betydelig negativ indvirkning på de finansielle markeder, andre institutter, finansieringsvilkårene eller økonomien som helhed, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne fastsætter:
a)
det nærmere indhold af genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner, jf. artikel 5-12
b)
den dato, hvor de første genopretnings- og afviklingsplaner skal være udarbejdet, samt hyppigheden af ajourføringen af genopretnings- og afviklingsplanerne, som kan være mindre end den, der er fastsat i artikel 5, stk. 2, artikel 7, stk. 5, artikel 10, stk. 6, og artikel 13, stk. 3
c)
det nærmere indhold af de oplysninger, der kræves af institutterne, jf. artikel 5, stk. 5, artikel 11, stk. 1, og artikel 12, stk. 2, herunder oplysningerne i afsnit A og B i bilaget
d)
detaljeringsgraden af de oplysninger, der anvendes til vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne i artikel 15 og 16 samt afsnit C i bilaget.
2.   De kompetente myndigheder og, hvor det er relevant, afviklingsmyndighederne foretager den i stk. 1 omhandlede vurdering efter høring af den nationale makroprudentielle myndighed, hvis relevant.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de kompetente myndigheder og, hvor det er relevant, afviklingsmyndighederne, når der anvendes forenklede forpligtelser, til enhver tid kan indføre de fulde, uforenklede forpligtelser.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at anvendelsen af forenklede forpligtelser ikke i sig selv påvirker den kompetente myndigheds og, hvor det er relevant, afviklingsmyndighedens beføjelser til at træffe en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning.
5.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at præcisere kriterierne i stk. 1 for vurdering i henhold til nævnte stykke af konsekvenserne for de finansielle markeder, andre institutter og finansieringsvilkårene af, at et institut bliver nødlidende.
6.   Idet der, hvor det er relevant, tages højde for de erfaringer, der er gjort i forbindelse med anvendelsen af de i stk. 5 omhandlede retningslinjer, udarbejder EBA udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere de i stk. 1 omhandlede kriterier for vurdering i overensstemmelse med nævnte stykke af konsekvenserne for de finansielle markeder, andre institutter og finansieringsvilkårene af, at et institut bliver nødlidende.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2017.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i nærværende stykkes første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
7.   De kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne underretter EBA om, hvordan de har anvendt stk. 1, 8, 9 og 10, på institutterne i deres jurisdiktion. EBA forelægger Europa-Parlamentet, Rådet og Kommissionen en rapport senest den 31. december 2017 om gennemførelsen af stk. 1, 8, 9 og 10. Denne rapport skal navnlig fastlægge eventuelle forskelle i gennemførelsen af stk. 1, 8, 9 og 10 på nationalt plan.
8.   Med forbehold af stk. 9 og 10 sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de kompetente myndigheder og, hvor det er relevant, afviklingsmyndighederne kan dispensere fra anvendelsen af:
a)
kravene i dette kapitels afdeling 2 og 3 på institutter, som er tilknyttet et centralt organ, og som helt eller delvis er undtaget fra de tilsynsmæssige krav i national ret i overensstemmelse med artikel 10 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
b)
kravene i afdeling 2 på institutter, der er medlemmer af en institutsikringsordning.
9.   Hvis der er givet dispensation i medfør af stk. 8, skal medlemsstaterne:
a)
anvende kravene i dette kapitels afdeling 2 og 3 på konsolideret grundlag på et centralt organ og dets tilsluttede institutter i den i artikel 10 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 anvendte betydning
b)
kræve, at institutsikringsordningen lever op til kravene i afdeling 2 i samarbejde med hvert af de medlemmer, der har fået dispensation.
Med henblik herpå omfatter enhver henvisning i afdeling 2 og 3 til en koncern et centralt organ og dets tilsluttede institutter i den i artikel 10 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 anvendte betydning og deres datterselskaber, og enhver henvisning til moderselskaber eller institutter, som er underlagt tilsyn på konsolideret grundlag i medfør af artikel 111 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, centralorganet.
10.   Institutter, der i medfør af artikel 6, stk. 4 i forordning (EU) nr. 1024/2013 er under direkte tilsyn af Den Europæiske Centralbank, eller som udgør en væsentlig andel af en medlemsstats finansielle system, udarbejder deres egne genopretningsplaner i overensstemmelse med nærværende kapitels afdeling 2 og er genstand for individuelle genopretningsplaner i overensstemmelse med afdeling 3.
For så vidt angår nærværende stykke anses et instituts aktiviteter for at udgøre en væsentlig andel af medlemsstatens finansielle system, hvis en af nedenstående betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
den samlede værdi af dets aktiver overstiger 30 000 000 000 EUR, eller
b)
de samlede aktiver i forhold til BNP i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet er etableret, overstiger 20 %, medmindre den samlede værdi af aktiverne er under 5 000 000 000 EUR.
11.   ЕBA udarbejder udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for at specificere ensartede formater, modeller og definitioner med henblik på de kompetente myndigheders og afviklingsmyndighedernes identifikation og videregivelse af oplysninger til EBA, jf. stk. 7, med forbehold for proportionalitetsprincippet.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder efter proceduren i artikel 15 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Afdeling 2
Genopretningsplanlægning
Artikel 5
Genopretningsplaner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at alle institutter, der ikke tilhører en koncern, som er underlagt konsolideret tilsyn i henhold til artikel 111 og 112 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, udarbejder og vedligeholder en genopretningsplan, der fastsætter foranstaltninger, som skal træffes af instituttet for at genoprette dets finansielle situation efter en betydelig forværring af dets finansielle situation. Genopretningsplaner betragtes som en form for virksomhedsstyring som omhandlet i artikel 74 i direktiv 2013/36/EU.
2.   De kompetente myndigheder sikrer, at institutterne ajourfører deres genopretningsplaner mindst en gang om året eller efter en ændring, der berører instituttets retlige eller organisatoriske struktur, dets forretningsaktiviteter eller dets finansielle situation, og som kan få væsentlige konsekvenser for genopretningsplanen eller nødvendiggør en ændring heraf. De kompetente myndigheder kan kræve, at institutterne ajourfører deres genopretningsplaner hyppigere.
3.   I genopretningsplaner må der ikke påregnes adgang til eller modtagelse af ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige.
4.   Genopretningsplaner skal, når det er relevant, indeholde en analyse af, hvordan og hvornår et institut på de i planen fastsatte betingelser kan anmode om anvendelse af centralbankfaciliteter, og identificere de aktiver, der forventes at kunne betragtes som sikkerhed.
5.   Med forbehold af artikel 4, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at genopretningsplanerne omfatter de i bilagets afsnit A anførte oplysninger. Medlemsstaterne kan kræve, at yderligere oplysninger medtages i genopretningsplanerne.
Genopretningsplanerne skal endvidere omfatte mulige foranstaltninger, som instituttet kan træffe, når betingelserne for tidlig indgriben efter artikel 27 er opfyldt.
6.   Medlemsstaterne skal kræve, at genopretningsplanerne omfatter passende kriterier og procedurer til at sikre rettidig gennemførelse af genopretningsforanstaltningerne samt et bredt udvalg af genopretningsmodeller. Medlemsstaterne skal kræve, at genopretningsplanerne indeholder en række scenarier med alvorlig makroøkonomisk og finansiel stress, der er relevante for instituttets særlige omstændigheder, herunder begivenheder, der berører hele systemet, og stress, der berører individuelle juridiske personer og koncerner.
7.   EBA udsteder i tæt samarbejde med Det Europæiske Udvalg for Systemiske Risici (ESRB) senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for nærmere at præcisere den række scenarier, der skal anvendes i forbindelse med stk. 6 i nærværende artikel.
8.   Medlemsstaterne kan fastsætte, at de kompetente myndigheder har beføjelse til at pålægge et institut at føre detaljerede registre over finansielle kontrakter, som det pågældende institut har indgået.
9.   Ledelsesorganet i det i stk. 1 omhandlede institut vurderer og godkender genopretningsplanen, inden den forelægges for den kompetente myndighed.
10.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med en nærmere præcisering, med forbehold af artikel 4, af de oplysninger som omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 5, der skal indgå i genopretningsplanen.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 6
Vurdering af genopretningsplaner
1.   Medlemsstaterne pålægger de institutter, der skal udarbejde genopretningsplaner i henhold til artikel 5, stk. 1, og artikel 7, stk. 1, at forelægge disse genopretningsplaner for den kompetente myndighed til gennemgang. Medlemsstaterne skal pålægge institutterne på tilfredsstillende vis at godtgøre over for den kompetente myndighed, at disse planer opfylder kriterierne i stk. 2.
2.   Den kompetente myndighed gennemgår inden for seks måneder efter indlevering af hver plan, og efter høring af de kompetente myndigheder i de medlemsstater, hvor der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for denne filial, planen og vurderer, i hvilket omfang den lever op til kravene fastsat i artikel 5 og følgende kriterier:
a)
iværksættelsen af de ordninger, der foreslås i planen, vil med rimelig sandsynlighed kunne opretholde eller genoprette instituttets eller koncernens levedygtighed og finansielle stilling, idet der tages hensyn til de forberedende foranstaltninger, som instituttet har truffet eller agter at træffe
b)
planen og særlige modeller i planen vil med rimelig sandsynlighed kunne iværksættes hurtigt og effektivt i situationer med finansiel stress og i størst muligt omfang undgå at få betydelige negative virkninger for det finansielle system, heller ikke i forbindelse med scenarier, der ville få andre institutter til at iværksætte genopretningsplaner i samme periode.
3.   Når den kompetente myndighed vurderer, om genopretningsplanerne er hensigtsmæssige, skal den tage hensyn til hensigtsmæssigheden af instituttets kapital- og finansieringsstruktur i forhold til kompleksiteten af den organisationsmæssige struktur og instituttets risikoprofil.
4.   Den kompetente myndighed forelægger genopretningsplanen for afviklingsmyndigheden. Afviklingsmyndigheden kan gennemgå genopretningsplanen med henblik på at identificere eventuelle handlinger i genopretningsplanen, der kunne få en negativ indvirkning på instituttets afviklingsmuligheder, og fremsætte henstillinger herom til den kompetente myndighed.
5.   Vurderer den kompetente myndighed, at genopretningsplanen har væsentlige mangler, eller at der er væsentlige hindringer for dens iværksættelse, underretter den instituttet eller koncernens moderselskab om sin vurdering og pålægger instituttet inden for to måneder, som med myndighedernes godkendelse kan forlænges med én måned, at forelægge en revideret plan hvoraf det fremgår, hvordan de pågældende mangler og hindringer håndteres.
Den kompetente myndighed skal, inden den kræver, at et institut skal forelægge en revideret genopretningsplan, give instituttet mulighed for at udtale sig om dette krav.
Hvis den kompetente myndighed ikke finder, at manglerne og hindringerne i den reviderede plan er blevet håndteret i tilstrækkelig grad, kan den pålægge instituttet at foretage specifikke ændringer af planen.
6.   Hvis instituttet ikke forelægger en revideret genopretningsplan, eller hvis den kompetente myndighed finder, at den reviderede genopretningsplan ikke i tilstrækkelig grad afhjælper de i den oprindelige vurdering påpegede mangler eller potentielle hindringer, og det ikke er muligt at afhjælpe disse mangler eller hindringer i tilstrækkelig grad med et pålæg om at foretage specifikke ændringer af planen, pålægger den kompetente myndighed instituttet inden for en rimelig frist at angive, hvordan det kan ændre sine forretningsaktiviteter med henblik på at håndtere manglerne i eller hindringerne for gennemførelsen af genopretningsplanen.
Såfremt instituttet ikke inden for den kompetente myndigheds frist angiver sådanne ændringer, eller hvis den kompetente myndighed vurderer, at de handlinger, som instituttet har foreslået, ikke i tilstrækkelig grad vil kunne afhjælpe manglerne eller hindringerne, kan den kompetente myndighed pålægge instituttet at træffe enhver foranstaltning, som den anser for nødvendig og forholdsmæssig, under hensyntagen til manglernes og hindringernes alvor og foranstaltningernes indvirkning på instituttets forretningsaktiviteter.
Den kompetente myndighed kan med forbehold af artikel 104 i direktiv 2013/36/EU pålægge instituttet at:
a)
nedtone instituttets risikoprofil, herunder likviditetsrisikoen
b)
muliggøre rettidige rekapitaliseringsforanstaltninger
c)
revidere instituttets strategi og struktur
d)
foretage ændringer af finansieringsstrategien for at forbedre de centrale forretningsområders og kritiske funktioners modstandsdygtighed
e)
foretage ændringer i instituttets ledelsesstruktur.
Listen over foranstaltninger omhandlet i nærværende stykke forhindrer ikke medlemsstaterne i at bemyndige de kompetente myndigheder til at træffe yderligere foranstaltninger i henhold til national ret.
7.   Når den kompetente myndighed pålægger et institut at træffe foranstaltninger i henhold til stk. 6, skal afgørelsen vedrørende foranstaltningerne være begrundet og forholdsmæssig.
Afgørelsen meddeles instituttet skriftligt og er omfattet af klageadgang.
8.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer de minimumskriterier, som den kompetente myndighed skal inddrage i vurderingen i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 2 og artikel 8, stk. 1.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 7
Koncerngenopretningsplaner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at modervirksomheder i Unionen udarbejder og forelægger en koncerngenopretningsplan for den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed. Koncerngenopretningsplanen skal bestå af en genopretningsplan for hele koncernen under ledelse af modervirksomheden i Unionen i sin helhed. Koncerngenopretningsplanen skal identificere foranstaltninger, som det kan være nødvendigt at gennemføre i modervirksomheden i Unionen og i hvert enkelt datterselskab.
2.   I overensstemmelse med artikel 8 kan de kompetente myndigheder kræve, at datterselskaber hver især udarbejder og forelægger genopretningsplaner.
3.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed fremsender, under forudsætning af at der er indført fortrolighedskrav som fastsat i nærværende direktiv, koncerngenopretningsplanerne til:
a)
de relevante kompetente myndigheder, jf. artikel 115 og 116 i direktiv 2013/36/EU
b)
de kompetente myndigheder i de medlemsstater, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, hvis dette er relevant for den pågældende filial
c)
koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og
d)
datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder.
4.   Koncerngenopretningsplanen skal sigte mod at opnå en stabilisering af hele koncernen eller af et af dens institutter, når den/det befinder sig i en stresssituation, således at man tackler eller fjerner årsagerne til vanskelighederne og genopretter koncernens eller det pågældende instituts finansielle stilling og samtidig tager hensyn til andre koncernenheders finansielle stilling.
Koncerngenopretningsplanen skal indeholde ordninger, der sikrer, at de foranstaltninger, der skal træffes for modervirksomheden i Unionen, for de enheder, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d), samt de foranstaltninger, der skal træffes for datterselskaber og, hvor dette er relevant, i overensstemmelse med direktiv 2013/36/EU for væsentlige filialer, koordineres og er konsistente.
5.   Koncerngenopretningsplanen og eventuelle planer, der er udarbejdet for de enkelte datterselskaber, skal indeholde de elementer, der er specificeret i artikel 5. Hvis det er relevant, skal disse planer indeholde ordninger for koncernintern finansiel støtte i henhold til en aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte indgået i overensstemmelse med kapitel III.
6.   Koncerngenopretningsplaner skal indeholde en række genopretningsmodeller, der beskriver foranstaltninger til håndtering af de i artikel 5, stk. 6, omhandlede scenarier.
For hvert af disse scenarier skal det i koncerngenopretningsplanen anføres, om der er hindringer for iværksættelsen af genopretningsforanstaltninger i koncernen, herunder i de enkelte enheder, der er omfattet af planen, og om der er væsentlige praktiske eller retlige hindringer for umiddelbar overførsel af kapitalgrundlag eller tilbagebetaling af passiver eller aktiver inden for koncernen.
7.   Ledelsesorganet for den enhed, der udarbejder koncerngenopretningsplanen i henhold til stk. 1, vurderer og godkender koncerngenopretningsplanen, inden det forelægger den for den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed.
Artikel 8
Vurdering af koncerngenopretningsplaner
1.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed gennemgår sammen med de kompetente myndigheder for datterselskaberne og efter høring af de kompetente myndigheder, jf. artikel 116 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og med de kompetente myndigheder for væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den væsentlige filial, koncerngenopretningsplanen og vurderer, i hvilket omfang den opfylder de i artikel 6 og 7 fastsatte krav og kriterier. Vurderingen foretages i overensstemmelse med proceduren i artikel 6 og nærværende artikel og skal tage hensyn til de potentielle konsekvenser af genopretningsforanstaltningerne for den finansielle stabilitet i alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed.
2.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de kompetente myndigheder for datterselskaberne bestræber sig på at træffe en fælles afgørelse om:
a)
gennemgangen og vurderingen af koncerngenopretningsplanen
b)
hvorvidt der enkeltvis skal udarbejdes genopretningsplaner for de institutter, der tilhører koncernen, og
c)
anvendelse af foranstaltningerne i artikel 6, stk. 5 og 6.
Parterne bestræber sig på at træffe den fælles afgørelse inden for fire måneder fra datoen for den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheds fremsendelse af koncerngenopretningsplanen, jf. artikel 7, stk. 3.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en kompetent myndighed bistå de kompetente myndigheder med at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 31, litra c), i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
3.   Foreligger der ikke inden for fire måneder efter forelæggelsesdatoen en fælles afgørelse fra de kompetente myndigheder om gennemgangen og vurderingen af koncerngenopretningsplanen eller om eventuelle foranstaltninger, som kræves gennemført af modervirksomheden i Unionen i henhold til artikel 6, stk. 5 og 6, træffer den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed selv afgørelse med hensyn til disse spørgsmål. Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed træffer sin afgørelse efter at have taget hensyn til de synspunkter og forbehold, som de øvrige kompetente myndigheder har givet udtryk for i løbet af perioden på fire måneder. Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed underretter modervirksomheden i Unionen og de øvrige kompetente myndigheder om afgørelsen.
Har en af de i stk. 2 omhandlede kompetente myndigheder ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt en i stk. 7 omhandlet sag for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, som EBA måtte vedtage i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsperioden i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke en afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheds afgørelse anvendelse.
4.   Foreligger der ikke en fælles afgørelse derom fra de kompetente myndigheder inden for fire måneder efter forelæggelsesdatoen, træffer hver kompetent myndighed selv afgørelse om:
a)
hvorvidt der enkeltvis skal udarbejdes genopretningsplaner for institutter i den kompetente myndigheds jurisdiktion, og
b)
anvendelsen for datterselskaber af de i artikel 6, stk. 5 og 6, omhandlede foranstaltninger.
Har en af de pågældende kompetente myndigheder ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt en i stk. 7 nævnt sag for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder den kompetente myndighed for datterselskabet sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, som EBA måtte vedtage i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke en afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder afgørelsen fra den kompetente myndighed, der er ansvarlig for det pågældende datterselskab, anvendelse.
5.   De øvrige kompetente myndigheder, der ikke er uenige i afgørelsen i stk. 4, kan træffe en fælles afgørelse om en koncerngenopretningsplan, der omfatter koncernenheder i deres jurisdiktion.
6.   Den fælles afgørelse, som er omhandlet i stk. 2 eller 5, og de afgørelser, der træffes af de kompetente myndigheder, hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse som omhandlet i stk. 3 og 4, anerkendes som endelige og anvendes af de kompetente myndigheder i de berørte medlemsstater.
7.   Efter anmodning fra en kompetent myndighed i overensstemmelse med stk. 3 eller 4 kan EBA kun bistå de kompetente myndigheder med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 i forbindelse med vurderingen af genopretningsplanerne og gennemførelsen af foranstaltningerne i artikel 6, stk. 6, litra a), b) og d).
Artikel 9
Indikatorer i genopretningsplaner
1.   De kompetente myndigheder kræver med henblik på artikel 5-8, at hver genopretningsplan indeholder et sæt indikatorer, som instituttet har fastlagt, og som angiver, hvornår der kan træffes passende foranstaltninger i henhold til planen. De kompetente myndigheder skal godkende disse indikatorer i forbindelse med vurderingen af genopretningsplanerne i henhold til artikel 6 og 8. Indikatorerne kan være af kvalitativ eller kvantitativ karakter i henhold til instituttets finansielle stilling og skal kunne overvåges uden besvær. De kompetente myndigheder sikrer, at institutterne indfører passende ordninger til regelmæssig overvågning af indikatorerne.
Uanset første afsnit kan et institut:
a)
træffe foranstaltninger i henhold til sin genopretningsplan i tilfælde, hvor den relevante indikator ikke er opfyldt, men hvor instituttets ledelsesorgan finder, at det efter omstændighederne er hensigtsmæssigt, eller
b)
undlade at træffe sådanne foranstaltninger, hvis instituttets ledelsesorgan finder, at det efter omstændighederne ikke er hensigtsmæssigt.
En afgørelse om at træffe foranstaltninger i henhold til genopretningsplanen eller en afgørelse om at undlade at træffe sådanne foranstaltninger skal omgående meddeles den kompetente myndighed.
2.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at angive minimumslisten over kvalitative og kvantitative indikatorer som omhandlet i stk. 1.
Afdeling 3
Afviklingsplanlægning
Artikel 10
Afviklingsplaner
1.   Afviklingsmyndigheden udarbejder efter høring af den kompetente myndighed og efter høring af afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, hvor der ligger væsentlige filialer, hvis det er relevant for den pågældende væsentlige filial, en afviklingsplan for hvert institut, der ikke tilhører en koncern, som er underlagt konsolideret tilsyn i henhold til artikel 111 og 112 i direktiv 2013/36/EU. Afviklingsplanen skal indeholde de afviklingshandlinger, som afviklingsmyndigheden kan træffe, hvis instituttet opfylder betingelserne for afvikling. Oplysningerne omhandlet i stk. 7, litra a), videregives til det pågældende institut.
2.   Når afviklingsmyndigheden udarbejder en afviklingsplan, identificerer den eventuelle væsentlige hindringer for en sådan afvikling og angiver i nødvendigt og forholdsmæssigt omfang relevante foranstaltninger med henblik på at fjerne sådanne hindringer i overensstemmelse med kapitel II i nærværende afsnit.
3.   Der skal i afviklingsplanen tages højde for relevante scenarier, herunder at et instituts sammenbrud kan være idiosynkratisk eller finde sted i en periode med generel finansiel ustabilitet eller begivenheder, der berører hele systemet. Der må i afviklingsplanen ikke regnes med noget af følgende:
a)
ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ud over anvendelse af de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til artikel 100
b)
en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation, eller
c)
likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser.
4.   Afviklingsplanen skal indeholde en analyse af, hvordan og hvornår et institut på de i planen fastsatte betingelser kan anmode om anvendelse af centralbankfaciliteter, og skal identificere de aktiver, der forventes at kunne betragtes som sikkerhed.
5.   Afviklingsmyndigheder kan pålægge institutterne at bistå dem med at udarbejde og ajourføre planerne.
6.   Afviklingsplaner skal gennemgås og i givet fald ajourføres mindst en gang om året og efter væsentlige ændringer, der berører instituttets retlige eller organisatoriske struktur, dets forretningsaktiviteter eller dets finansielle stilling, og som kan få væsentlige konsekvenser for planens effektivitet eller på anden vis nødvendiggør en revision af afviklingsplanen.
Med henblik på en revision eller ajourføring af afviklingsplaner som omhandlet i første afsnit meddeler institutterne og de kompetente myndigheder straks afviklingsmyndighederne enhver ændring, der nødvendiggør en sådan revision eller ajourføring af afviklingsplanen.
7.   Med forbehold af artikel 4 opstilles der i afviklingsplanen modeller for, hvordan de i afsnit IV omhandlede afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser kan anvendes på instituttet. Afviklingsplanen skal indeholde følgende, så vidt muligt kvantificerede, elementer:
a)
en sammenfatning af planens vigtigste elementer
b)
et resumé af de væsentligste ændringer i instituttet, der har fundet sted, siden de seneste afviklingsoplysninger blev registreret
c)
en beskrivelse af, hvordan kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder i nødvendigt omfang vil kunne adskilles juridisk og økonomisk fra andre funktioner for at sikre deres videreførelse i tilfælde af, instituttet bliver nødlidende
d)
et skøn over tidsrammen for gennemførelsen af planens materielle aspekter
e)
en udførlig beskrivelse af den vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne, der er foretaget i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikels stk. 2 og artikel 15
f)
en beskrivelse af de foranstaltninger, der måtte være pålagt i medfør af artikel 17 for at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afvikling, som er påpeget ved vurderingen i henhold til artikel 15
g)
en beskrivelse af procedurerne til bestemmelse af værdien og salgbarheden af instituttets kritiske funktioner, centrale forretningsområder og aktiver
h)
en udførlig beskrivelse af de ordninger, der skal sikre, at de i artikel 11 krævede oplysninger er aktuelle og til enhver tid tilgængelige for afviklingsmyndighederne
i)
en redegørelse fra afviklingsmyndigheden, der forklarer, hvordan de forskellige afviklingsmodeller vil kunne finansieres, uden at der regnes med noget af følgende:
i)
ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ud over anvendelse af de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til artikel 100
ii)
en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation, eller
iii)
likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser
j)
en udførlig beskrivelse af de forskellige afviklingsstrategier, der vil kunne anvendes, alt efter de forskellige mulige scenarier og de gældende tidsfrister
k)
en beskrivelse af kritiske indbyrdes afhængighedsforhold
l)
en beskrivelse af mulighederne for at bevare adgangen til betalings- og clearingtjenester samt andre infrastrukturer og en vurdering af overførbarheden af kundernes positioner
m)
en analyse af planens konsekvenser for instituttets medarbejdere, herunder en vurdering af eventuelle omkostninger forbundet hermed, og en beskrivelse af de planlagte procedurer for høring af medarbejderne under afviklingsprocessen, idet der tages hensyn til de nationale ordninger for dialog med arbejdsmarkedets parter, hvor dette er relevant
n)
en plan for kommunikation med medierne og offentligheden
o)
minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlaget og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i henhold til artikel 45, stk. 1, og en frist for opnåelse af dette niveau, hvor det er relevant
p)
hvor det er relevant, minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlaget og kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter i medfør af artikel 45, stk. 1, og i givet fald en frist for opnåelse af dette niveau
q)
en beskrivelse af de aktiviteter og systemer, der har afgørende betydning for opretholdelsen af den fortsatte gennemførelse af instituttets operationelle procedurer
r)
hvor det er relevant, udtalelser fra instituttet om afviklingsplanen.
8.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at kræve, at et institut og en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), fører detaljerede registre over finansielle kontrakter, som det pågældende institut har indgået. Afviklingsmyndigheden kan fastsætte en tidsfrist, inden for hvilken instituttet eller enheden omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), skal kunne fremlægge disse registre. Alle institutter og alle enheder, som er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), i afviklingsmyndighedens jurisdiktion er omfattet af samme tidsfrist. Afviklingsmyndigheden kan beslutte at fastsætte forskellige tidsfrister for forskellige typer af finansielle kontrakter omhandlet i artikel 2, nr. 100). Dette stykke berører ikke den kompetente myndigheds informationsindsamlingsbeføjelser.
9.   EBA udarbejder efter høring af ESRB udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der nærmere beskriver afviklingsplanens indhold.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 11
Oplysninger i forbindelse med afviklingsplaner og samarbejde fra instituttets side
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at kræve, at institutterne:
a)
samarbejder i nødvendigt omfang i udarbejdelsen af afviklingsplaner
b)
giver dem, enten direkte eller via den kompetente myndighed, alle de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for at kunne udarbejde og iværksætte afviklingsplaner.
Afviklingsmyndighederne skal navnlig have beføjelse til at kræve blandt andet at få udleveret de oplysninger og analyser, der er omhandlet i bilagets afsnit B.
2.   De kompetente myndigheder i de pågældende medlemsstater samarbejder med afviklingsmyndighederne for at kontrollere, om alle eller nogle af de oplysninger, der skal afgives i henhold til stk. 1, allerede foreligger. Foreligger de pågældende oplysninger, skal de kompetente myndigheder videregive dem til afviklingsmyndighederne.
3.   EBA udarbejder udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer procedurerne og et minimumssæt af standardformularer og -modeller for forelæggelse af oplysningerne i henhold til denne artikel.
EBA skal forelægge disse udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 15 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 12
Koncernafviklingsplaner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at koncernafviklingsmyndighederne sammen med datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder og efter høring af væsentlige filialers afviklingsmyndigheder, såfremt det er relevant for den pågældende væsentlige filial, udarbejder koncernafviklingsplaner. Koncernafviklingsplaner skal indeholde en plan for afvikling af den koncern, der er ledet af modervirksomheden i Unionen, i sin helhed, enten via afvikling af modervirksomheden i Unionen eller via likvidation og afvikling af datterinstitutterne. Koncernafviklingsplanen skal angive foranstaltninger til afvikling af:
a)
modervirksomheden i Unionen
b)
de datterselskaber, der tilhører koncernen og ligger i Unionen
c)
de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d), omhandlede enheder, og
d)
med forbehold af afsnit VI, de datterselskaber, der tilhører koncernen og ligger uden for Unionen.
2.   Koncernafviklingsplanen udarbejdes på grundlag af de oplysninger, der er afgivet i henhold til artikel 11.
3.   Koncernafviklingsplanen skal:
a)
fastlægge de afviklingshandlinger, der skal træffes over for koncernenheder, både gennem afviklingshandlinger for de enheder, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), moderselskabet og datterselskabsinstitutterne og gennem koordinerede afviklingshandlinger for datterselskabsinstitutterne i de i artikel 10, stk. 3, omhandlede scenarier
b)
redegøre for, i hvilket omfang afviklingsværktøjerne kan anvendes og afviklingsbeføjelserne udøves på en koordineret måde i forbindelse med koncernenheder, der er etableret i Unionen, herunder ved foranstaltninger med henblik på at befordre tredjemands opkøb af hele koncernen, af særlige forretningsområder eller aktiviteter, som nogle af koncernenhederne varetager, eller af bestemte koncernenheder, og med henblik på at afdække potentielle hindringer for koordineret afvikling
c)
for en koncern, der også omfatter enheder, som er etableret i tredjelande, påpege passende muligheder for samarbejde og koordinering med de relevante myndigheder i de pågældende tredjelande og konsekvenserne for afvikling i Unionen
d)
afdække foranstaltninger, herunder juridisk og økonomisk udskillelse af bestemte funktioner eller forretningsområder, som er nødvendige for at lette afviklingen af koncernen, når betingelserne for afvikling er opfyldt
e)
fastsætte eventuelle yderligere foranstaltninger, der ikke er omhandlet i dette direktiv, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden påtænker at træffe i forbindelse med afvikling af koncernen
f)
angive, hvordan de forskellige koncernafviklingshandlinger vil kunne finansieres, og, når der er behov for finansieringsordningen, opstille principper for deling af ansvaret for finansieringen mellem finansieringskilder i forskellige medlemsstater. Der må i planen ikke regnes med noget af følgende:
i)
ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ud over anvendelse af de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til artikel 100
ii)
en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation, eller
iii)
likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser.
Disse principper opstilles på grundlag af rimelige og afbalancerede kriterier og tager navnlig hensyn til artikel 107, stk. 5, og indvirkningen på den finansielle stabilitet i alle de berørte medlemsstater.
4.   Vurderingen af koncernens afviklingsmuligheder i henhold til artikel 16 foretages samtidig med udarbejdelsen og ajourføringen af koncernafviklingsplanen i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel. En detaljeret beskrivelse af den vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne, der er foretaget i henhold til artikel 16, medtages i koncernafviklingsplanen.
5.   Koncernafviklingsplanen må ikke have uforholdsmæssig stor indvirkning på en medlemsstat.
6.   EBA udarbejder efter høring af ESRB udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der nærmere beskriver koncernafviklingsplanernes indhold, under hensyntagen til koncernernes forskellige forretningsmodeller på det indre marked.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 13
Krav om og procedure for koncernafviklingsplaner
1.   Modervirksomheder i Unionen indsender de oplysninger, som kan kræves i henhold til artikel 11, til koncernafviklingsmyndigheden. Disse oplysninger vedrører modervirksomheden i Unionen og i nødvendigt omfang hver af koncernenhederne, herunder enheder, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d).
Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden videresender, under forudsætning af at der er indført fortrolighedskrav som fastsat i direktivet, de i henhold til dette stykke indsendte oplysninger til:
a)
EBA
b)
datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder
c)
afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, hvor der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den pågældende væsentlige filial
d)
de relevante kompetente myndigheder, jf. artikel 115 og 116 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og
e)
afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d), omhandlede enheder er etableret.
De oplysninger, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden fremsender til datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente myndigheder, til afviklingsmyndighederne i den jurisdiktion, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, og til de relevante kompetente myndigheder, jf. artikel 115 og 116 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, indeholder som et minimum alle de oplysninger, der er relevante for datterselskabet eller den væsentlige filial. De oplysninger, der fremsendes til EBA, indeholder alle de oplysninger, der er relevante for EBA's rolle i forbindelse med koncernafviklingsplanerne. For så vidt angår oplysninger vedrørende datterselskaber i tredjelande er koncernafviklingsmyndigheden ikke forpligtet til at fremsende disse oplysninger, hvis den relevante tilsynsmyndighed eller afviklingsmyndighed i tredjelandet ikke har givet sit samtykke.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at koncernafviklingsmyndighederne i samarbejde med de i nærværende artikels stk. 1, andet afsnit, omhandlede afviklingsmyndigheder i afviklingskollegier og efter høring af de relevante kompetente myndigheder, herunder de kompetente myndigheder i medlemsstater, i hvis jurisdiktioner der ligger væsentlige filialer, udarbejder og opretholder koncernafviklingsplaner. Koncernafviklingsmyndighederne kan efter eget skøn, og forudsat at de efterlever de fortrolighedskrav, som er fastsat i dette direktivs artikel 98, inddrage afviklingsmyndighederne i tredjelande, i hvis jurisdiktioner koncernen har etableret datterselskaber eller finansielle holdingselskaber eller væsentlige filialer som omhandlet i artikel 51 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, i udarbejdelsen og opretholdelsen af koncernafviklingsplaner.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at koncernafviklingsplaner gennemgås og i givet fald ajourføres mindst en gang om året og efter ændringer, der berører koncernens, herunder eventuelle koncernenheders, retlige eller organisatoriske struktur, forretningsaktiviteter eller finansielle stilling, og som kan få væsentlige konsekvenser for eller nødvendiggøre en ændring af planen.
4.   Koncernafviklingsplanen vedtages i form af en fælles afgørelse fra koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder.
Afviklingsmyndighederne træffer en fælles afgørelse inden for fire måneder efter datoen for koncernafviklingsmyndighedens fremsendelse af de oplysninger, der er omhandlet i stk. 1, andet afsnit.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 31, litra c), i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
5.   Foreligger der ikke en fælles afgørelse fra afviklingsmyndighederne inden for fire måneder, træffer koncernafviklingsmyndigheden selv afgørelse om koncernafviklingsplanen. Afgørelsen skal være fuldt begrundet og tage hensyn til andre afviklingsmyndigheders synspunkter og forbehold. Afgørelsen fremsendes til modervirksomheden i Unionen af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden.
Har en afviklingsmyndighed ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt sagen for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, med forbehold af nærværende artikels stk. 9, sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, som EBA måtte træffe i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder koncernafviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse anvendelse.
6.   Foreligger der ikke en fælles afgørelse fra afviklingsmyndighederne inden for fire måneder, træffer hver koncernafviklingsmyndighed med ansvar for et datterselskab selv afgørelse og udarbejder og opretholder en afviklingsplan for hvert institut i sin jurisdiktion. De enkelte afgørelser skal være fuldt begrundede, gøre rede for grundene til uenigheden for så vidt angår den foreslåede koncernafviklingsplan og tage hensyn til de øvrige kompetente myndigheders og afviklingsmyndigheders synspunkter og forbehold. Hver afviklingsmyndighed meddeler sin afgørelse til de øvrige medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet.
Har en afviklingsmyndighed ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt sagen for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder den pågældende afviklingsmyndighed, med forbehold af nærværende artikels stk. 9, sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, som EBA måtte træffe i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder afgørelsen fra datterselskabets afviklingsmyndighed anvendelse.
7.   De øvrige afviklingsmyndigheder, der ikke er uenige i afgørelsen i stk. 6, kan træffe en fælles afgørelse om en koncernafviklingsplan, der omfatter koncernenhederne i deres jurisdiktion.
8.   De fælles afgørelser, som er omhandlet i stk. 4 og 7, og de afgørelser, der træffes af afviklingsmyndighederne, hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse, jf. stk. 5 og 6, anerkendes som endelige og anvendes af de øvrige berørte afviklingsmyndigheder.
9.   EBA kan i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikels stk. 5 og 6 efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, medmindre en berørt afviklingsmyndighed vurderer, at genstanden for uenigheden på en eller anden måde kan få indvirkning på dens medlemsstats finanspolitiske ansvar.
10.   Hvor der træffes fælles afgørelser i henhold til stk. 4 og 7, og hvor en afviklingsmyndighed i forbindelse med stk. 9 vurderer, at genstanden for en uenighed om koncernafviklingsplaner kan få indvirkning på dens medlemsstats finanspolitiske ansvar, skal koncernafviklingsmyndigheden iværksætte en ny vurdering af koncernafviklingsplanen, og herunder minimumskravet vedrørende kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver.
Artikel 14
Fremsendelse af afviklingsplanerne til de kompetente myndigheder
1.   Afviklingsmyndigheden fremsender afviklingsplanerne med eventuelle ændringer til de relevante kompetente myndigheder.
2.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden fremsender koncernafviklingsplanerne med eventuelle ændringer til de relevante kompetente myndigheder.
KAPITEL II
Afviklingsmuligheder
Artikel 15
Vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne for institutter
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndigheden efter at have hørt den kompetente myndighed og afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den pågældende væsentlige filial, vurderer, i hvilket omfang et institut, som ikke er en del af en koncern, kan afvikles, uden at der regnes med noget af følgende:
a)
ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ud over anvendelse af de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til artikel 100
b)
en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation,
c)
likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser.
Et institut anses for at kunne afvikles, hvis det er muligt og troværdigt, at afviklingsmyndigheden enten likviderer det ved almindelig insolvensbehandling eller anvender de forskellige afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser på instituttet, idet det i videst muligt omfang forhindres, at det får betydelige negative virkninger for finansielle systemer, herunder i en periode med generel finansiel ustabilitet eller begivenheder, der berører hele systemet, i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet er etableret, eller andre medlemsstater eller Unionen, og således at videreførelsen af instituttets kritiske funktioner sikres. Afviklingsmyndighederne underretter rettidigt EBA, når et institut anses for ikke at kunne afvikles.
2.   Ved vurderingen af afviklingsmulighederne i henhold til stk. 1 ser afviklingsmyndigheden som minimum på de forhold, der er anført i afsnit C i bilaget.
3.   Vurderingen af afviklingsmulighederne i henhold til nærværende artikel foretages af afviklingsmyndigheden samtidigt med og med henblik på udarbejdelsen og ajourføringen af afviklingsplanen i overensstemmelse med artikel 10.
4.   EBA udarbejder efter høring af ESRB udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der beskriver de forhold og kriterier, der skal undersøges med henblik på vurderingen af afviklingsmulighederne for institutter eller koncerner, jf. nærværende artikels stk. 2 og artikel 16.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 16
Vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne for koncerner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at koncernafviklingsmyndighederne sammen med afviklingsmyndighederne for datterselskaber, efter høring af den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de kompetente myndigheder for sådanne datterselskaber samt afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den pågældende væsentlige filial, vurderer, i hvilket omfang koncerner kan afvikles, uden at der regnes med noget af følgende:
a)
ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige ud over anvendelse af de finansieringsordninger, der er oprettet i henhold til artikel 100
b)
en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation
c)
likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser.
En koncern anses for at kunne afvikles, hvis det er muligt og troværdigt, at afviklingsmyndighederne enten likviderer koncernenheder ved almindelig insolvensbehandling eller anvender afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser på enheder, idet de i størst muligt omfang forhindrer, at det får betydelige negative virkninger for de finansielle systemer, herunder i en periode med generel finansiel ustabilitet eller begivenheder, der berører hele systemet, i de medlemsstater, i hvilke der er etableret koncernenheder, eller andre medlemsstater eller Unionen, og således at videreførelsen af koncernenhedernes kritiske funktioner sikres, hvis de nemt kan skilles ud i tide eller på anden vis. Koncernafviklingsmyndighederne underretter rettidigt EBA, når en koncern anses for ikke at kunne afvikles.
Vurderingen af, hvorvidt koncerner kan afvikles, tages i betragtning af afviklingskollegierne som omhandlet i artikel 88.
2.   Ved vurderingen af koncernafviklingsmulighederne ser afviklingsmyndighederne som minimum på de forhold, der er anført i afsnit C i bilaget.
3.   Vurderingen af koncernafviklingsmulighederne i henhold til nærværende artikel foretages samtidigt med og med henblik på udarbejdelsen og ajourføringen af koncernafviklingsplanerne i overensstemmelse med artikel 12. Vurderingen foretages efter den i artikel 13 fastsatte beslutningsprocedure.
Artikel 17
Beføjelser til at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afvikling
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at når en afviklingsmyndighed ved en vurdering af afviklingsmulighederne for et institut i henhold til artikel 15 og 16 efter høring af den kompetente myndighed konstaterer, at der er væsentlige hindringer for afviklingen af det pågældende institut, giver afviklingsmyndigheden det berørte institut, den kompetente myndighed og afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, skriftlig underretning herom.
2.   Kravet til afviklingsmyndighederne om at udarbejde afviklingsplaner og kravet til de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder om at træffe en fælles afgørelse om koncernafviklingsplaner, der er fastsat i henholdsvis artikel 10, stk. 1, og artikel 13, stk. 4, suspenderes som følge af den i stk. 1 omhandlede underretning, indtil foranstaltningerne med henblik på at fjerne de væsentlige hindringer for afvikling er blevet accepteret af afviklingsmyndigheden i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 3 eller fastlagt i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 4.
3.   Senest fire måneder efter modtagelsen af en underretning i henhold til stk. 1 forelægger instituttet afviklingsmyndigheden forslag til mulige foranstaltninger med henblik på at afhjælpe eller fjerne de væsentlige hindringer, der er påpeget i underretningen. Afviklingsmyndigheden vurderer efter høring af den kompetente myndighed, om de pågældende foranstaltninger effektivt afhjælper eller fjerner de pågældende væsentlige hindringer.
4.   Vurderer afviklingsmyndigheden, at de af et institut foreslåede foranstaltninger i henhold til stk. 3 ikke effektivt afhjælper eller fjerner de pågældende hindringer, kræver den enten direkte eller indirekte gennem den kompetente myndighed, at instituttet træffer andre foranstaltninger, der vil kunne opfylde dette mål, og giver skriftlig underretning om disse foranstaltninger til instituttet, som inden for en måned skal forelægge en plan for efterlevelsen heraf.
I sin vurdering af alternative foranstaltninger skal afviklingsmyndigheden påvise, hvorfor instituttets foreslåede foranstaltninger ikke ville kunne fjerne hindringerne for afviklingen, og hvordan de foreslåede alternative foranstaltninger er forholdsmæssigt afpasset til at fjerne dem. Afviklingsmyndigheden skal tage hensyn til den trussel, som de pågældende hindringer udgør for den finansielle stabilitet, og foranstaltningernes indvirkning på instituttets forretningsaktiviteter, dets stabilitet og evne til at bidrage til økonomien.
5.   Med henblik på stk. 4 har afviklingsmyndighederne beføjelse til at træffe følgende foranstaltninger:
a)
kræve, at instituttet reviderer koncerninterne finansieringsordninger, eller genovervejer fraværet af sådanne, eller udarbejder serviceaftaler, det være sig internt i koncernen eller med tredjemand, til dækning af kritiske funktioner
b)
kræve, at instituttet begrænser sine maksimale enkeltvise og samlede eksponeringer
c)
i specifikke tilfælde eller på regelmæssig basis indføre krav om yderligere oplysninger, som er relevante i forbindelse med en afvikling
d)
kræve, at instituttet afhænder bestemte aktiver
e)
kræve, at instituttet begrænser eller indstiller eksisterende eller påtænkte aktiviteter
f)
begrænse eller forhindre udviklingen af nye eller eksisterende forretningsområder eller salget af nye eller eksisterende produkter
g)
kræve, at instituttet eller en koncernenhed, som det enten direkte eller indirekte kontrollerer, forenkles gennem ændringer af dets eller dens retlige eller operationelle struktur for at sikre, at kritiske funktioner kan adskilles juridisk og operationelt fra andre funktioner ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer
h)
kræve, at et institut eller et moderselskab opretter et finansielt moderholdingselskab i en medlemsstat eller et finansielt moderholdingselskab i Unionen
i)
kræve, at et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), udsteder nedskrivningsrelevante passiver for at opfylde kravene i artikel 45
j)
kræve, at et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), tager andre skridt for at leve op til minimumskravene til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i henhold til artikel 45, herunder navnlig forsøger at genforhandle de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter eller supplerende kapitalinstrumenter, det har udstedt, med henblik på at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighedens eventuelle beslutning om at nedskrive eller konvertere de pågældende passiver eller instrumenter foretages i henhold til retten i den jurisdiktion, som de pågældende passiver eller instrumenter henhører under, og
k)
at det, hvis instituttet er datterselskab af et blandet holdingselskab, kræves, at det blandede holdingselskab opretter et særskilt finansielt holdingselskab til at kontrollere instituttet, hvis det er nødvendigt for at lette afviklingen af instituttet og undgå, at anvendelsen af de i afsnit IV omhandlede afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser får negative konsekvenser for koncernens ikke-finansielle del.
6.   En afgørelse i henhold til stk. 1 eller 4 skal opfylde følgende krav:
a)
den skal indeholde en begrundelse for den pågældende vurdering eller konstatering
b)
den skal angive, hvordan vurderingen eller konstateringen opfylder kravet om proportionalitet fastsat i stk. 4, og
c)
den skal være omfattet af klageadgang.
7.   Inden afviklingsmyndigheden peger på foranstaltninger i henhold til stk. 4 efter høring af den kompetente myndighed og, hvis det er relevant, den udpegede nationale makroprudentielle myndighed, tager den behørigt hensyn til de pågældende foranstaltningers potentielle konsekvenser for det pågældende institut, for det indre marked for finansielle tjenesteydelser, for den finansielle stabilitet i andre medlemsstater og i Unionen som helhed.
8.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 udkast til retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at angive de nærmere detaljer vedrørende foranstaltningerne i henhold til stk. 5 og omstændighederne for anvendelsen af hver enkelt foranstaltning.
Artikel 18
Beføjelser til at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afvikling: koncernbehandling
1.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden tager sammen med datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder efter høring af tilsynskollegiet og afviklingsmyndighederne i jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den væsentlige filial, hensyn til den i artikel 16 krævede vurdering i afviklingskollegiet og tager alle rimelige skridt til at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse om anvendelsen af foranstaltninger, som er udpeget i overensstemmelse med artikel 17, stk. 4, vedrørende alle institutter, som tilhører koncernen.
2.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden udarbejder og forelægger i samarbejde med den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og EBA i henhold til artikel 25, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 en rapport til modervirksomheden i Unionen, til datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder og til afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer. I rapporten, der udarbejdes efter høring af de kompetente myndigheder, analyseres det, hvilke væsentlige hindringer der er for en effektiv anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjerne og for udøvelse af afviklingsbeføjelserne i forbindelse med koncernen. I rapporten skal konsekvenserne for instituttets forretningsmodel overvejes, og der skal anbefales forholdsmæssige og målrettede foranstaltninger, som myndigheden mener er nødvendige eller egnede til at fjerne de pågældende hindringer.
3.   Senest fire måneder efter modtagelsen af rapporten kan modervirksomheden i Unionen indsende bemærkninger og forelægge koncernafviklingsmyndigheden forslag til alternative foranstaltninger til afhjælpning af de hindringer, der er påpeget i rapporten.
4.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden meddeler de foranstaltninger, der måtte være foreslået af modervirksomheden i Unionen, til den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, EBA, datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, såfremt det er relevant for den væsentlige filial. Koncernafviklingsmyndighederne og datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder gør efter høring af de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne i de jurisdiktioner, i hvilke der ligger væsentlige filialer, alt, hvad der står i deres magt, for at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i afviklingskollegiet om udpegelsen af væsentlige hindringer og, om nødvendigt, vurderingen af de foranstaltninger, der er foreslået af modervirksomheden i Unionen, og de foranstaltninger, myndighederne kræver iværksat for at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringerne, som skal tage hensyn til de potentielle konsekvenser af foranstaltningerne i alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed.
5.   Den fælles afgørelse skal foreligge senest fire måneder efter forelæggelsen af eventuelle bemærkninger fra tredjelandsmoderselskabet eller ved udløbet af den i stk. 3 omhandlede frist på fire måneder, hvis denne udløber først. Den skal være begrundet og fremgå af et dokument, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden sender til modervirksomheden i Unionen.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 31, litra c), i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
6.   Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse inden for den i stk. 5 omhandlede frist, træffer koncernafviklingsmyndigheden selv afgørelse om passende foranstaltninger, der skal iværksættes i henhold til artikel 17, stk. 4, på koncernniveau.
Afgørelsen skal være fuldt begrundet og tage hensyn til andre afviklingsmyndigheders synspunkter og forbehold. Afgørelsen fremsendes til modervirksomheden i Unionen af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden.
Har en afviklingsmyndighed ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt en sag, jf. nærværende artikels stk. 9, for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder koncernafviklingsmyndigheden sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte træffe i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder koncernafviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse anvendelse.
7.   Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse træffer datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder selv afgørelse om, hvilke passende foranstaltninger de enkelte datterselskaber skal træffe i overensstemmelse med artikel 17, stk. 4. Afgørelsen skal være fuldt begrundet og tage hensyn til andre afviklingsmyndigheders synspunkter og forbehold. Afgørelsen fremsendes til det berørte datterselskab og til koncernafviklingsmyndigheden.
Har en afviklingsmyndighed ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt en sag, jf. nærværende artikels stk. 9, for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder datterselskabets afviklingsmyndighed sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte træffe i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder afgørelsen fra datterselskabets afviklingsmyndighed anvendelse.
8.   Den fælles afgørelse, som er omhandlet i stk. 5 og de afgørelser, der træffes af afviklingsmyndighederne, hvis ikke der foreligger en fælles afgørelse, jf. stk. 6, anerkendes som endelige og anvendes af de øvrige berørte afviklingsmyndigheder.
9.   Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse om at træffe de i artikel 17, stk. 5, litra g), h) eller k), fastsatte foranstaltninger, kan EBA, efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed, i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 6 eller 7 bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
KAPITEL III
Koncernintern finansiel støtte
Artikel 19
Aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at et moderinstitut i en medlemsstat eller et moderinstitut i Unionen eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), og dens eller dets datterselskaber i andre medlemsstater eller i tredjelande, der er institutter eller finansieringsinstitutter, som er omfattet af det konsoliderede tilsyn med moderselskabet, kan deltage i en aftale om finansiel støtte til enhver anden part i aftalen, der opfylder betingelserne for tidlig indgriben i henhold til artikel 27, forudsat at betingelserne i dette kapitel også er opfyldt.
2.   Dette kapitel finder ikke anvendelse på koncerninterne finansielle ordninger, herunder finansieringsordninger og forvaltningen af centraliserede finansieringsordninger, såfremt ingen af parterne i sådanne ordninger opfylder betingelserne for tidlig indgriben.
3.   En aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte er ikke en forudsætning:
a)
for at yde koncernintern finansiel støtte til en koncernenhed, som oplever finansielle problemer, hvis instituttet beslutter at gøre dette i konkrete sager, og i overensstemmelse med koncernens politik, hvis det ikke udgør en risiko for koncernen som helhed eller
b)
for at drive virksomhed i en medlemsstat.
4.   Medlemsstaterne skal fjerne alle hindringer i national ret for transaktioner vedrørende koncernintern finansiel støtte, som gennemføres i overensstemmelse med dette kapitel, forudsat at intet i dette kapitel hindrer medlemsstaterne i at begrænse koncerninterne transaktioner som følge af nationale love, der anvender valgmulighederne i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, der gennemfører direktiv 2013/36/EU eller som af hensyn til den finansielle stabilitet kræver en adskillelse af dele af en koncern eller af aktiviteter, der udøves i en koncern.
5.   Aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte kan:
a)
omfatte et eller flere af koncernens datterselskaber og indeholde bestemmelser om finansiel støtte fra moderselskabet til datterselskaber, fra datterselskaber til moderselskabet, mellem de af koncernens datterselskaber, der er part i aftalen, eller en kombination af disse enheder
b)
indeholde bestemmelser om finansiel støtte i form af lån, garantistillelse, aktiver, der stilles til rådighed som sikkerhed, eller en kombination af disse former for finansiel støtte i forbindelse med en eller flere transaktioner mellem støttemodtager og tredjemand.
6.   Hvis en koncernenhed i henhold til aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte indvilliger i at yde finansiel støtte til en anden koncernenhed, kan aftalen indeholde et tilsvarende tilsagn om finansiel støtte fra den koncernenhed, der modtager støtten, til den koncernenhed, der yder støtten.
7.   Aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte opstiller principperne for beregning af det vederlag, der skal betales for transaktioner i henhold til aftalen. Disse principper omfatter et krav om, at vederlaget fastsættes på tidspunktet for ydelsen af finansiel støtte. Aftalen, herunder principperne for beregning af det vederlag, der skal betales for ydelsen af finansiel støtte, og de øvrige bestemmelser i aftalen, skal leve op til følgende principper:
a)
alle parter skal indgå aftalen af egen fri vilje
b)
ved indgåelsen af aftalen og fastsættelsen af vederlaget for ydelse af den finansielle støtte skal alle parter handle i egen interesse og kan tage hensyn til eventuelle direkte eller indirekte fordele for en part som følge af ydelsen af den finansielle støtte
c)
alle parter, der yder finansiel støtte, skal have fuld adgang til relevante oplysninger fra enhver part, der modtager finansiel støtte, forud for fastsættelsen af vederlaget for ydelse af finansiel støtte og forud for enhver afgørelse om at yde finansiel støtte
d)
vederlaget for ydelse af finansiel støtte kan fastsættes under hensyntagen til de oplysninger, som den støtteydende part er i besiddelse af, i kraft af at denne er en del af samme koncern som den part, der modtager finansiel støtte, og som markedet ikke har adgang til, og
e)
principperne for beregning af det vederlag, der skal betales for ydelse af finansiel støtte, kan fastlægges, uden at der er pligt til at tage hensyn til den forventede midlertidige indvirkning på markedspriserne som følge af koncerneksterne begivenheder.
8.   Aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte må kun indgås, hvis ingen af parterne på tidspunktet for den påtænkte indgåelse efter deres respektive kompetente myndigheders opfattelse opfylder betingelserne for tidlig indgriben.
9.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at rettigheder, fordringer og handlinger, der følger af aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte, kun udøves af parterne heri, og at tredjemand er udelukket herfra.
Artikel 20
De kompetente myndigheders gennemgang af den påtænkte aftale og mægling
1.   Moderinstituttet i Unionen indsender en ansøgning til den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed om tilladelse til at indgå en påtænkt aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte, som påtænkes i overensstemmelse med artikel 19. Teksten til den påtænkte aftale skal være indeholdt i ansøgningen, og det skal fremgå, hvilke koncernenheder der ønsker at deltage i den.
2.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed fremsender straks ansøgningen til de kompetente myndigheder for hvert af de datterselskaber, der ønsker at deltage i aftalen, med henblik på at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse.
3.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed meddeler i overensstemmelse med procedurerne i nærværende artikels stk. 5 og 6 tilladelse til den påtænkte aftale, hvis bestemmelserne heri er forenelige med de i artikel 23 fastsatte betingelser for finansiel støtte.
4.   Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed kan i overensstemmelse med procedurerne i nærværende artikels stk. 5 og 6 forbyde indgåelsen af den påtænkte aftale, hvis aftalen anses for uforenelig med betingelserne for finansiel støtte, jf. artikel 23.
5.   De kompetente myndigheder gør alt, hvad der står i deres magt, for at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse, som tager hensyn til de potentielle konsekvenser, herunder finanspolitiske konsekvenser, af aftalens gennemførelse i alle de medlemsstater, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed, med hensyn til, om bestemmelserne i den påtænkte aftale er forenelige med betingelserne for finansiel støtte fastsat i artikel 23, senest fire måneder efter modtagelsen af ansøgningen hos den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed. Den fælles afgørelse skal fremgå af et dokument, der indeholder den fuldt begrundede afgørelse, som den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed sender til ansøgeren.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en kompetent myndighed bistå de kompetente myndigheder med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 31 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
6.   Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse fra de kompetente myndigheder inden for fire måneder, træffer den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed selv afgørelse om ansøgningen. Afgørelsen skal fremgå af et dokument, der indeholder en fuldstændig begrundelse, og tage hensyn til de synspunkter og forbehold, som de øvrige kompetente myndigheder har givet udtryk for i løbet af perioden på fire måneder. Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed underretter ansøgeren og de øvrige kompetente myndigheder om sin afgørelse.
7.   Har en af de pågældende kompetente myndigheder ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt sagen for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte træffe i henhold til artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA.
Artikel 21
Aktionærernes godkendelse af den påtænkte aftale
1.   Medlemsstaterne kræver, at en påtænkt aftale, hvortil de kompetente myndigheder har meddelt tilladelse, skal forelægges til aktionærernes godkendelse i hver af de koncernenheder, der ønsker at deltage i aftalen. I så fald gælder aftalen kun for de parter, hvis aktionærer har godkendt aftalen i overensstemmelse med stk. 2.
2.   En aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte er kun gyldig for en koncernenhed, hvis dens aktionærer har tilladt denne koncernenheds ledelsesorgan at beslutte, at koncernenheden skal yde eller modtage finansiel støtte i henhold til aftalen og i overensstemmelse med betingelserne fastsat i dette kapitel, og denne aktionærgodkendelse ikke er trukket tilbage.
3.   Ledelsesorganet for hver af de enheder, der deltager i aftalen, aflægger hvert år beretning for aktionærerne om, hvordan aftalen fungerer, og om gennemførelsen af de afgørelser, der er truffet i medfør af aftalen.
Artikel 22
Fremsendelse af aftaler om koncernintern finansiel støtte til afviklingsmyndighederne
De kompetente myndigheder fremsender de aftaler om koncernintern finansiel støtte, hvortil de har meddelt tilladelse, sammen med eventuelle ændringer til de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder.
Artikel 23
Betingelser for koncernintern finansiel støtte
1.   Der må kun ydes finansiel støtte fra en koncernenhed i henhold til artikel 19, hvis alle følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
det kan med rimelighed forventes, at støtten afhjælper de væsentlige finansielle problemer i den koncernenhed, der modtager den
b)
den finansielle støtte har til formål at bevare eller genoprette den finansielle stabilitet i koncernen som helhed eller i en af koncernenhederne og er i den støtteydende koncernenheds interesse
c)
den finansielle støtte ydes på visse betingelser, herunder mod et vederlag, i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 7
d)
på grundlag af de oplysninger, som ledelsesorganet i den koncernenhed, der yder finansiel støtte, ligger inde med på det tidspunkt, hvor afgørelsen om at yde finansiel støtte træffes, er der rimelig udsigt til, at vederlaget for støtten vil blive erlagt, og, hvis støtten er ydet i form af et lån, at lånet vil blive tilbagebetalt af den koncernenhed, der modtager støtten. Hvis støtten ydes i form af en garanti eller en form for sikkerhed, gælder samme betingelser for modtagerens ansvar, hvis garantien eller sikkerheden gøres gældende
e)
ydelsen af den finansielle støtte vil ikke true likviditeten eller solvensen i den koncernenhed, der yder støtten
f)
ydelsen af den finansielle støtte vil ikke medføre en trussel mod den finansielle stabilitet, i særdeleshed i den medlemsstat, hvor den støtteydende koncernenhed er hjemmehørende
g)
den koncernenhed, der yder støtten, opfylder på tidspunktet for ydelsen af støtten kapital- og likviditetskravene i direktiv 2013/36/EU og de øvrige krav i artikel 104, stk. 2, i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og ydelsen af den finansielle støtte medfører ikke, at koncernenheden overtræder disse krav, medmindre der er givet tilladelse hertil af den kompetente myndighed, der på individuelt niveau er ansvarlig for tilsynet med den enhed, der yder støtten
h)
den koncernenhed, der yder støtten, opfylder på tidspunktet for ydelsen af støtten kravene vedrørende store eksponeringer fastsat i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og i direktiv 2013/36/EU, herunder eventuel national lovgivning om udnyttelse af de heri fastsatte muligheder, og ydelsen af den finansielle støtte medfører ikke, at koncernenheden overtræder disse krav, medmindre der er givet tilladelse hertil af den kompetente myndighed, der på individuelt niveau er ansvarlig for tilsynet med den koncernenhed, der yder støtten
i)
ydelsen af den finansielle støtte vil ikke underminere afviklingsmulighederne for den koncernenhed, der yder støtten.
2.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere betingelserne fastsat i stk. 1, litra a), c), e) og i).
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
3.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. januar 2016 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 til fremme af konvergens i praksis med henblik på at præcisere betingelserne fastsat i nærværende artikels stk. 1, litra b), d), f) og h).
Artikel 24
Afgørelse om at yde finansiel støtte
Afgørelsen om at yde koncernintern finansiel støtte i henhold til aftalen træffes af ledelsesorganet for den koncernenhed, der yder støtten. Afgørelsen skal være begrundet, og formålet med den påtænkte finansielle støtte skal være anført. Navnlig skal det af afgørelsen fremgå, hvordan ydelsen af den finansielle støtte opfylder betingelserne fastsat i artikel 23, stk. 1. Afgørelsen om at acceptere koncernintern finansiel støtte i henhold til aftalen træffes af ledelsesorganet for den koncernenhed, der modtager den finansielle støtte.
Artikel 25
De kompetente myndigheders ret til at gøre indsigelse
1.   Ledelsesorganet for en koncernenhed, der agter at yde støtte i henhold til en aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte, underretter inden støtten ydes:
a)
sin kompetente myndighed
b)
hvis den adskiller sig fra myndighederne i litra a) og c), eventuelt den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed
c)
hvis den adskiller sig fra litra a) og b), den kompetente myndighed for den koncernenhed, der modtager den finansielle støtte, og
d)
EBA.
Underretningen omfatter ledelsesorganets begrundede afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 24 og detaljerede oplysninger om den påtænkte finansielle støtte, bl.a. en kopi af aftalen om koncernintern finansiel støtte.
2.   Senest fem arbejdsdage efter modtagelsen af en fuldstændig underretning kan den kompetente myndighed for den koncernenhed, der yder finansiel støtte, forbyde eller begrænse den finansielle støtte, hvis den vurderer, at betingelserne for koncernintern finansiel støtte fastsat i artikel 23 ikke er opfyldt. En kompetent myndigheds afgørelse om at forbyde eller begrænse den finansielle støtte skal begrundes.
3.   Den kompetente myndigheds beslutning om at acceptere, forbyde eller begrænse den finansielle støtte skal omgående meddeles til:
a)
den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed
b)
den kompetente myndighed for den koncernenhed, der modtager støtten, og
c)
EBA.
Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed underretter omgående de øvrige medlemmer af tilsynskollegiet og medlemmerne af afviklingskollegiet.
4.   Har den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed eller den kompetente myndighed, der er ansvarlig for den støttemodtagende koncernenhed, indvendinger mod beslutningen om at forbyde eller begrænse den finansielle støtte, kan de inden for to dage indbringe sagen for EBA og anmode om bistand i overensstemmelse med artikel 31 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
5.   Hvis den kompetente myndighed ikke forbyder eller begrænser den finansielle støtte inden for den i stk. 2 anførte frist eller inden fristens udløb har accepteret denne støtte, kan der ydes finansiel støtte på de betingelser, der er meddelt den kompetente myndighed.
6.   Instituttets ledelsesorgans beslutning om at yde finansiel støtte fremsendes til:
a)
den kompetente myndighed
b)
hvis den adskiller sig fra myndighederne i litra a) og c), og hvor det er relevant, den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed
c)
hvis den adskiller sig fra litra a) og b), den kompetente myndighed for den koncernenhed, der modtager den finansielle støtte, og
d)
EBA.
Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed underretter omgående de øvrige medlemmer af tilsynskollegiet og medlemmerne af afviklingskollegiet.
7.   Hvis den kompetente myndighed begrænser eller forbyder koncernintern finansiel støtte i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 2, og hvis koncerngenopretningsplanen i henhold til artikel 7, stk. 5, henviser til koncernintern finansiel støtte, kan den kompetente myndighed for den koncernenhed, over for hvilken der er givet afslag på eller nedlagt forbud mod støtte, anmode den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed om at iværksætte en ny vurdering af koncerngenopretningsplanen i henhold til artikel 8 eller, hvis der er udarbejdet en individuel genopretningsplan, anmode koncernenheden om at forelægge en revideret genopretningsplan.
Artikel 26
Fremlæggelse af oplysninger
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at koncernenheder offentliggør, hvorvidt de deltager i en aftale om koncernintern finansiel støtte i medfør af artikel 19 og offentliggør en beskrivelse af en sådan aftales almindelige betingelser samt navnene på de koncernenheder, der er part i den, og ajourfører disse oplysninger mindst en gang om året.
Artikel 431-434 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 finder anvendelse.
2.   EBA udarbejder udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for at angive formen og indholdet af de foranstaltninger, der er omhandlet i stk. 1.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 15 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
AFSNIT III
TIDLIG INDGRIBEN
Artikel 27
Foranstaltninger i forbindelse med tidlig indgriben
1.   Hvis et institut overtræder eller på grund af blandt andet en finansiel situation i hastig forværring, herunder en likviditetssituation der forværres, stigende gearingsgrad, misligholdte lån eller koncentration af eksponeringer, vurderet på grundlag af en række udløsningsmekanismer, som kan indbefatte instituttets kapitalkrav plus 1,5 procentpoint, kan forventes i nær fremtid at overtræde kravene i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, direktiv 2013/36/EU, afsnit II i direktiv 2014/65/EU eller en af artiklerne 3-7, 14-17 samt 24, 25 og 26 i forordning (EU) nr. 600/2014, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de kompetente myndigheder, uden at det berører de i artikel 104 i direktiv 2013/36/EU anførte foranstaltninger, hvor det er relevant, mindst råder over følgende foranstaltninger:
a)
kræve, at instituttets ledelsesorgan iværksætter en eller flere af de ordninger eller foranstaltninger, der er beskrevet i genopretningsplanen, eller i overensstemmelse med artikel 5, stk. 2, ajourfører en sådan genopretningsplan, hvis de omstændigheder, der førte til tidlig indgriben, afviger fra antagelserne i den indledende genopretningsplan, og iværksætter en eller flere af de ordninger eller foranstaltninger, der er beskrevet i den ajourførte plan, inden for en bestemt tidsramme og for at sikre, at de i indledningen omhandlede betingelser ikke længere vil finde anvendelse
b)
kræve, at instituttets ledelsesorgan undersøger situationen, udpeger foranstaltninger til løsning af de problemer, der måtte være afdækket, og udarbejder et handlingsprogram for løsning af problemerne og en tidsplan for iværksættelsen heraf
c)
kræve, at instituttets ledelsesorgan indkalder til aktionærmøde, eller, hvis ledelsesorganet ikke efterkommer dette krav, direkte indkalde til aktionærmøde og i begge tilfælde fastlægge dagordenen og kræve, at aktionærerne overvejer bestemte afgørelser med henblik på vedtagelse
d)
kræve, at et eller flere medlemmer af ledelsesorganet eller den daglige ledelse fjernes eller udskiftes, hvis disse personer findes uegnede til at varetage deres opgaver i henhold til artikel 13 i direktiv 2013/36/EU eller artikel 9 i direktiv 2014/65/EU
e)
kræve, at instituttets ledelsesorgan udarbejder en plan for forhandling om omstrukturering af gælden med alle eller nogle af dets kreditorer i overensstemmelse med genopretningsplanen, hvor det er relevant
f)
kræve ændringer af instituttets forretningsstrategi
g)
kræve ændringer af instituttets retlige eller operationelle struktur og
h)
indhente alle nødvendige oplysninger, også ved inspektion på stedet, og forsyne afviklingsmyndigheden med alle de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for at ajourføre afviklingsplanen og forberede instituttets eventuelle afvikling og for at foretage en værdiansættelse af instituttets aktiver og passiver i henhold til artikel 36.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de kompetente myndigheder underretter afviklingsmyndighederne hurtigst muligt efter at have fastslået, at betingelserne fastsat i stk. 1 er opfyldt i forbindelse med et institut, og at afviklingsmyndighedernes beføjelser omfatter beføjelsen til at kræve, at instituttet kontakter potentielle købere med henblik på at forberede en afvikling af instituttet, med forbehold for betingelserne fastsat i artikel 39, stk. 2, og fortrolighedsbestemmelserne fastsat i artikel 84.
3.   For hver af de i stk. 1 omhandlede foranstaltninger skal de kompetente myndigheder fastsætte en passende frist for afslutning og med henblik på at gøre det muligt for den kompetente myndighed at evaluere foranstaltningens effektivitet.
4.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at fremme konsekvent anvendelse af udløsningsmekanismen for brug af foranstaltningerne omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 1.
5.   Idet der, hvor det er relevant, tages højde for de erfaringer, der er gjort i forbindelse med anvendelsen af de i stk. 4 omhandlede retningslinjer, kan EBA udarbejde udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere et minimumssæt af udløsningsmekanismer for brug af de i stk. 1 omhandlede foranstaltninger.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder efter proceduren i artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 28
Fjernelse af den daglige ledelse og ledelsesorganet
Hvis der er sket en betydelig forværring af et instituts finansielle situation, eller hvis der forekommer alvorlige overtrædelser af love, administrative bestemmelser eller instituttets vedtægter eller alvorlige administrative uregelmæssigheder, og hvis andre foranstaltninger truffet i overensstemmelse med artikel 27 ikke er tilstrækkelige til at vende situationen, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de kompetente myndigheder kan kræve, at instituttets daglige ledelse eller ledelsesorgan fjernes i sin helhed, eller for så vidt angår enkeltpersoner. Udpegelsen af ny daglig ledelse eller nyt ledelsesorgan foretages i overensstemmelse med national ret og EU-retten og er underlagt den kompetente myndigheds godkendelse eller samtykke.
Artikel 29
Midlertidig administrator
1.   Hvis udskiftning af den daglige ledelse eller ledelsesorganet som omhandlet i artikel 28 af den kompetente myndighed anses for at være utilstrækkeligt til at rette op på situationen, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de kompetente myndigheder kan udpege en eller flere midlertidige administratorer til instituttet. De kompetente myndigheder kan, ud fra hvad der er rimeligt under omstændighederne, udpege en hvilken som helst midlertidig administrator enten til at overtage instituttets ledelsesorgan midlertidigt eller til midlertidigt at arbejde sammen med instituttets ledelsesorgan, og den kompetente myndighed skal præcisere sin afgørelse ved udpegelsen. Hvis den kompetente myndighed udpeger en midlertidig administrator til at arbejde sammen med instituttets ledelsesorgan, præciserer den endvidere ved en sådan udpegelse den midlertidige administrators rolle, pligter og beføjelser og eventuelle krav om, at instituttets ledelsesorgan skal høre den midlertidige administrator eller indhente dennes samtykke, inden den træffer bestemte afgørelser eller foranstaltninger. Den kompetente myndighed er forpligtet til at offentliggøre udpegelsen af en eventuel midlertidig administrator, undtagen hvis den midlertidige administrator ikke har beføjelse til at repræsentere instituttet. Medlemsstaterne sikrer endvidere, at en eventuel midlertidig administrator har de nødvendige kvalifikationer og evner samt den fornødne viden til at kunne varetage sine opgaver og er helt fri af interessekonflikter.
2.   Den kompetente myndighed angiver ved udpegelsen den midlertidige administrators beføjelser, ud fra hvad der er rimeligt efter omstændighederne. Beføjelserne kan omfatte nogle eller alle ledelsesorganets beføjelser i instituttet i henhold til dettes vedtægter og national ret, herunder beføjelse til at udøve nogle af eller alle ledelsesorganets administrative opgaver. Den midlertidige administrators beføjelser i forhold til instituttet skal være i overensstemmelse med den gældende selskabsret.
3.   Den kompetente myndighed angiver ved udpegelsen den midlertidige administrators rolle og opgaver, som kan omfatte en vurdering af instituttets finansielle stilling, forvaltning af dets forretningsaktiviteter eller en del heraf for at bevare eller genoprette instituttets finansielle stilling og træffe foranstaltninger til genopretning af en forsvarlig og forsigtig forvaltning af instituttets forretningsaktiviteter. Den kompetente myndighed præciserer ved udpegelsen eventuelle begrænsninger i den midlertidige administrators rolle og opgaver.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de kompetente myndigheder har enekompetence til at udpege og fjerne en midlertidig administrator. Den kompetente myndighed kan fjerne en midlertidig administrator når som helst og med enhver begrundelse. Den kompetente myndighed kan når som helst ændre betingelserne for udpegelse af en midlertidig administrator med forbehold af nærværende artikel.
5.   Den kompetente myndighed kan kræve, at visse af en midlertidig administrators handlinger skal forhåndsgodkendes af den kompetente myndighed. Den kompetente myndighed angiver alle sådanne krav ved udpegelsen af en midlertidig administrator eller i forbindelse med en ændring af betingelserne for udpegelsen af en midlertidig administrator.
Den midlertidige administrator må under alle omstændigheder kun udøve beføjelsen til at indkalde til generalforsamling i instituttet og fastlægge dagsordenen for generalforsamlingen med den kompetente myndigheds forudgående samtykke.
6.   Den kompetente myndighed kan stille krav om, at den midlertidige administrator med mellemrum, der fastsættes af den kompetente myndighed, og ved afslutningen af sit mandat udarbejder rapporter om instituttets finansielle stilling og om de handlinger, administratoren har udført i løbet af sin ansættelse.
7.   En midlertidig administrator må ikke udpeges for mere end et år. Denne periode kan undtagelsesvis fornys, hvis betingelserne for udpegelse af en midlertidig administrator fortsat er opfyldt. Den kompetente myndighed er ansvarlig for at afgøre, om det er hensigtsmæssigt at bibeholde en midlertidig administrator, og for at begrunde en eventuel beslutning herom over for aktionærerne.
8.   Med forbehold af nærværende artikel må udpegelsen af en midlertidig administrator ikke medføre tilsidesættelse af aktionærrettigheder i henhold til Unionens eller de enkelte landes selskabsret.
9.   Medlemsstaterne kan i overensstemmelse med national ret begrænse en midlertidig administrators ansvar for handlinger og undladelser under varetagelsen af vedkommendes opgaver som midlertidig administrator i henhold til stk. 3.
10.   En midlertidig administrator, der er udpeget i henhold til nærværende artikel, anses ikke for at være en skyggedirektør eller en de facto-direktør i henhold til national ret.
Artikel 30
Koordinering af beføjelser til tidlig indgriben og udpegelse af en midlertidig administrator i forbindelse med koncerner
1.   Er betingelserne for at gøre kravene i artikel 27 gældende eller for at udpege en midlertidig administrator i henhold til artikel 29 opfyldt for en modervirksomhed i Unionen, underretter den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed EBA og hører de øvrige kompetente myndigheder i tilsynskollegiet.
2.   Efter denne underretning og høring afgør den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, om den vil anvende nogle af foranstaltningerne i artikel 27 eller udpege en midlertidig administrator i henhold til artikel 29 for så vidt angår den relevante modervirksomhed i Unionen under hensyntagen til konsekvenserne af disse foranstaltninger for koncernenhederne i andre medlemsstater. Den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed underretter de øvrige kompetente myndigheder i tilsynskollegiet samt EBA om afgørelsen.
3.   Er betingelserne for at pålægge kravene i artikel 27 eller for at udpege en midlertidig administrator i henhold til artikel 29 opfyldt for et datterselskab af en modervirksomheden i Unionen, underretter og hører den kompetente myndighed, som er ansvarlig for tilsynet på individuelt niveau, og som agter at træffe foranstaltninger i henhold til disse artikler, den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed.
Efter modtagelsen af underretningen kan den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed vurdere de sandsynlige konsekvenser for koncernen eller for koncernenheder i andre medlemsstater af, at der pålægges krav i henhold til artikel 27 eller udpeges en midlertidig administrator for det pågældende institut i henhold til artikel 29. Den underretter den kompetente myndighed om denne vurdering inden for tre dage.
Efter denne underretning og høring afgør den kompetente myndighed, om den vil anvende nogle af foranstaltningerne i artikel 27 eller udpege en midlertidig administrator i henhold til artikel 29. I afgørelsen tages der behørigt hensyn til den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheds vurdering. Den kompetente myndighed underretter den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de øvrige kompetente myndigheder i tilsynskollegiet samt EBA om afgørelsen.
4.   Hvis mere end én kompetent myndighed agter at udpege en midlertidig administrator eller at anvende nogle af foranstaltningerne i artikel 27 for mere end ét institut i den samme koncern, vurderer den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de øvrige relevante kompetente myndigheder, om det er mere hensigtsmæssigt at udpege den samme administrator for alle de berørte enheder eller at koordinere anvendelsen af nogle af foranstaltningerne i artikel 27 på mere end ét institut, med henblik på at fremme løsninger der genopretter det berørte instituts finansielle stilling. Vurderingen udmønter sig i en fælles afgørelse fra den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de øvrige relevante kompetente myndigheder. Den fælles afgørelse skal foreligge senest fem dage efter den i stk. 1 nævnte underretning. Den fælles afgørelse skal være begrundet og fremgå af et dokument, som den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed sender til modervirksomheden i Unionen.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en kompetent myndighed bistå de kompetente myndigheder med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 31 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse inden for fem dage, kan den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og datterselskabernes kompetente myndigheder selv træffe individuelle afgørelser om udpegelse af en midlertidig administrator for institutter, som de har ansvar for, og om anvendelse af nogle af foranstaltningerne i artikel 27.
5.   Hvis en berørt kompetent myndighed ikke er enig i den i overensstemmelse med stk. 1 eller 3 meddelte afgørelse, eller hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse i henhold til stk. 4, kan den kompetente myndighed indbringe sagen for EBA i henhold til stk. 6.
6.   EBA kan efter anmodning af enhver kompetent myndighed bistå de kompetente myndigheder, som agter at anvende en eller flere af foranstaltningerne i nærværende direktivs artikel 27, stk. 1, litra a), med henblik på punkt 4), 10), 11) og 19) i nærværende direktivs bilag, afsnit A, eller nærværende direktivs artikel 27, stk. 1, litra e) eller litra g), med at nå til enighed i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
7.   Den afgørelse, de enkelte kompetente myndigheder træffer, skal være begrundet. I forbindelse med afgørelsen skal der tages hensyn til de synspunkter og forbehold, som de øvrige kompetente myndigheder har givet udtryk for i løbet af den i stk. 1 eller 3 omhandlede høringsperiode eller perioden på fem dage, jf. stk. 4, samt til afgørelsens potentielle konsekvenser for den finansielle stabilitet i de berørte medlemsstater. Afgørelserne sendes af den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed til modervirksomheden i Unionen og af de respektive kompetente myndigheder til datterselskaberne.
Har en af de berørte kompetente myndigheder i de tilfælde, der er omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 6, før udløbet af den høringsperiode, der er omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 1 og 3, eller ved udløbet af perioden på fem dage som omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 4, indbragt sagen for EBA i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de øvrige kompetente myndigheder deres afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte træffe i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer deres afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fem dage anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for tre dage. Efter udløbet af perioden på fem dage, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA.
8.   Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for tre dage, finder de enkelte afgørelser, der er truffet i overensstemmelse med stk. 1 eller 3 eller stk. 4, tredje afsnit, anvendelse.
AFSNIT IV
AFVIKLING
KAPITEL I
Mål, betingelser og generelle principper
Artikel 31
Afviklingsmål
1.   Ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser tager afviklingsmyndighederne hensyn til afviklingsmålene og vælger de værktøjer og beføjelser, der er bedst egnede til at nå de mål, der er relevante i den pågældende situation.
2.   De i stk. 1 nævnte afviklingsmål er:
a)
at sikre videreførelsen af kritiske funktioner
b)
at undgå betydelige negative virkninger for finansiel stabilitet, navnlig ved at forebygge spredning, herunder til markedets infrastrukturer, og ved at opretholde markedsdisciplinen
c)
at beskytte offentlige midler ved at minimere afhængigheden af ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige
d)
at beskytte indskydere omfattet af direktiv 2014/49/EU og investorer omfattet af direktiv 97/9/EF
e)
at beskytte kundernes midler og aktiver.
Når afviklingsmyndigheden forfølger ovennævnte mål, søger den at minimere afviklingsomkostningerne og undgå værditab, medmindre de er nødvendige for at nå afviklingsmålene.
3.   Afviklingsmålene er alle lige vigtige, og afviklingsmyndighederne skal afveje dem efter omstændighederne i hvert enkelt tilfælde, medmindre andet fremgår af bestemmelserne i dette direktiv.
Artikel 32
Betingelser for afvikling
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kun træffer en afviklingshandling over for et institut som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra a), hvis afviklingsmyndigheden mener, at alle følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
konstateringen af, at instituttet er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, foretages af den kompetente myndighed efter høring af afviklingsmyndigheden eller, med forbehold for betingelserne fastsat i stk. 2, af afviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af den kompetente myndighed
b)
det ser under hensyntagen til tidsfaktoren og andre relevante omstændigheder ikke ud til, at nogen andre foranstaltninger iværksat af den private sektor, herunder foranstaltninger vedrørende en institutsikringsordning, eller af en tilsynsmyndighed, herunder foranstaltninger til tidlig indgriben eller nedskrivning eller konvertering af relevante kapitalinstrumenter i overensstemmelse med artikel 59, stk. 2), over for instituttet inden for en passende tidshorisont vil kunne forhindre, at instituttet bliver nødlidende
c)
en afviklingshandling er nødvendig ud fra almene hensyn, jf. stk. 5.
2.   Medlemsstaterne kan bestemme, at konstateringen af, at instituttet er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende i henhold til stk. 1, litra a), ud over af den kompetente myndighed også kan foretages af afviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af den kompetente myndighed, såfremt afviklingsmyndighederne i henhold til national ret har de nødvendige værktøjer til at kunne foretage den pågældende konstatering, navnlig tilstrækkelig adgang til de relevante oplysninger. Den kompetente myndighed forsyner uden unødigt ophold afviklingsmyndigheden med alle relevante oplysninger, som denne anmoder om med henblik på at udføre sin vurdering.
3.   Ovennævnte vedtagelse af en foranstaltning til tidlig indgriben i overensstemmelse med artikel 27 er ikke en betingelse for iværksættelse af en afviklingshandling.
4.   Med henblik på anvendelsen af stk. 1, litra a), anses et institut for at være nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, hvis det befinder sig i en eller flere af følgende situationer:
a)
instituttet overtræder, eller der er objektive elementer til støtte for en konstatering af, at instituttet i nær fremtid vil overtræde, kravene til fortsat tilladelse på en måde, så den kompetente myndighed kan inddrage tilladelsen, bl.a. men ikke kun fordi instituttet har lidt eller sandsynligvis vil lide tab, som opsluger hele eller en betydelig del af dets kapitalgrundlag
b)
instituttets aktiver er, eller der er objektive elementer til støtte for en konstatering af, at instituttets aktiver i nær fremtid vil være mindre end dets passiver
c)
instituttet er, eller der er objektive elementer til støtte for en konstatering af, at instituttet i nær fremtid vil være, ude af stand til at indfri sin gæld eller sine andre forpligtelser, efterhånden som den eller de forfalder
d)
der kræves ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige, undtagen når den ekstraordinære finansielle støtte fra det offentlige antager en af følgende former for at undgå eller afhjælpe en alvorlig forstyrrelse i en medlemsstats økonomi og bevare den finansielle stabilitet:
i)
en statsgaranti til dækning af likviditetsfaciliteter, der stilles til rådighed af centralbankerne i henhold til centralbankernes vilkår
ii)
en statsgaranti for nyligt udstedte forpligtelser, eller
iii)
tilførsel af kapitalgrundlag eller køb af kapitalinstrumenter til priser og på betingelser, der ikke giver instituttet en fordel, hvis ingen af de omstændigheder, der er anført i nærværende stykkes litra a), b) eller c) eller i artikel 59, stk. 3, gør sig gældende, når den offentlige støtte ydes.
I hvert af de i første afsnit, litra d), nr. i), ii) og iii), nævnte tilfælde gælder følgende: Garantiforanstaltningerne eller tilsvarende foranstaltninger, som er omhandlet deri, skal være begrænset til solvente institutter og være betinget af endelig godkendelse i henhold til Unionens statsstøtteregler. Disse foranstaltninger skal have retsbevarende og midlertidig karakter og skal stå i et rimeligt forhold til følgerne af den alvorlige forstyrrelse, og de må ikke anvendes til at udligne tab, som instituttet har lidt eller sandsynligvis vil lide i nær fremtid.
Støtteforanstaltninger i henhold til første afsnit, litra d), nr. iii), er begrænset til nødvendige tilførsler til håndtering af kapitalmangel, der er fastslået i de nationale stresstests eller i de stresstests, der gennemføres på EU-plan eller inden for rammerne af FTM, gennemgangen af aktivernes kvalitet eller tilsvarende aktiviteter, som Den Europæiske Centralbank, EBA eller de nationale myndigheder gennemfører, og som, hvis det er relevant, er bekræftet af de kompetente myndigheder.
EBA udsteder senest den 3. januar 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for typen af ovennævnte tests, gennemgange eller aktiviteter, der kan føre til denne form for støtte.
Inden den 31. december 2015 tager Kommissionen stilling til, hvorvidt der fortsat er behov for at give tilladelse til støtteforanstaltningerne i henhold til første afsnit, litra d), nr. iii), gennemgår de betingelser, der skal opfyldes, såfremt støtteforanstaltningerne fortsættes, og aflægger rapport herom til Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet. Denne rapport ledsages om nødvendigt af et lovgivningsforslag.
5.   Med henblik på anvendelsen af nærværende artikels stk. 1, litra c), anses en afviklingshandling for at være begrundet i almene hensyn, hvis den er nødvendig for at opfylde og står i rimeligt forhold til et eller flere af afviklingsmålene som omhandlet i artikel 31 og en likvidation af instituttet ved almindelig insolvensbehandling ikke ville opfylde afviklingsmålene i samme omfang.
6.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 med henblik på at fremme konvergens i tilsyns- og afviklingspraksis for så vidt angår fortolkning af de forskellige situationer, hvor et institut anses for at være nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende.
Artikel 33
Betingelser for afvikling for så vidt angår finansieringsinstitutter og holdingselskaber
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan træffe afviklingshandlinger over for et finansieringsinstitut som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), hvis betingelserne fastsat i artikel 32, stk. 1, er opfyldt med hensyn til både finansieringsinstituttet og med hensyn til moderselskabet, der er underlagt konsolideret tilsyn.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan træffe afviklingshandlinger over for en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), hvis betingelserne fastsat i artikel 32, stk. 1, er opfyldt med hensyn til både enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), og med hensyn til et eller flere datterselskaber, der er institutter, eller hvis tredjelandsmyndigheden, såfremt datterselskabet ikke er etableret i Unionen, har fastslået, at det opfylder betingelserne for afvikling i henhold til retten i det pågældende tredjeland.
3.   Ejes et blandet holdingselskabs datterselskabsinstitutter direkte eller indirekte af et mellemliggende finansielt holdingselskab, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingshandlinger med henblik på koncernafvikling træffes over for det mellemliggende finansielle holdingselskab, og træffer ikke afviklingshandlinger med henblik på koncernafvikling over for det blandede holdingselskab.
4.   Med forbehold af nærværende artikels stk. 3, kan afviklingsmyndighederne, uanset om en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), ikke måtte opfylde betingelserne i artikel 32, stk. 1, træffe afviklingshandlinger over for en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), hvis et eller flere af de datterselskaber, der er institutter, opfylder betingelserne i artikel 32, stk. 1, 4 og 5, og deres aktiver og passiver er af et sådant omfang, at deres sammenbrud udgør en trussel mod et institut eller koncernen som helhed, eller hvis medlemsstatens insolvensret kræver, at en koncern behandles som en helhed, og afviklingshandlinger over for den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), omhandlede enhed er nødvendige for afvikling af sådanne datterselskaber, der er institutter, eller for afvikling af koncernen som helhed.
Med henblik på stk. 2 og nærværende stykkes første afsnit kan afviklingsmyndigheden for instituttet og afviklingsmyndigheden for den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d) omhandlede enhed, når de tager stilling til, om betingelserne i artikel 32, stk. 1, er opfyldt for så vidt angår af et eller flere datterselskaber, der er institutter, ved fælles aftale se bort fra eventuelle koncerninterne kapitaloverførsler eller overførsler af tab mellem enhederne, herunder udøvelsen af nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelser.
Artikel 34
Overordnede principper for afvikling
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser træffer alle relevante foranstaltninger for at sikre, at afviklingshandlingen iværksættes i overensstemmelse med følgende principper:
a)
aktionærerne i det institut, der er under afvikling, bærer først tabene
b)
kreditorerne i det institut, der er under afvikling, bærer tabene efter aktionærerne i overensstemmelse med prioritetsordenen af deres fordringer ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, medmindre andet udtrykkeligt er fastsat i dette direktiv
c)
ledelsesorganet og den daglige ledelse i det institut, der er under afvikling, udskiftes, undtagen i de tilfælde, hvor det anses for nødvendigt helt eller delvist, afhængigt af omstændighederne, at beholde ledelsesorganet og den daglige ledelse for at nå afviklingsmålene
d)
ledelsesorganet og den daglige ledelse i det institut, der er under afvikling, yder al den støtte, der er nødvendig for at nå afviklingsmålene
e)
fysisk og juridiske personer bærer i henhold til medlemsstatens ret det civil- eller strafferetlige ansvar for, at instituttet er blevet nødlidende
f)
kreditorer i samme klasse behandles ens, medmindre andet er fastsat i dette direktiv
g)
ingen kreditor påføres større tab, end vedkommende ville være blevet påført, hvis instituttet eller den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede enhed var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling i overensstemmelse med sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne i artikel 73-75
h)
dækkede indskud er beskyttet fuldt ud, og
i)
afviklingshandlinger træffes i overensstemmelse med sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne i dette direktiv.
2.   Er et institut en koncernenhed, anvender afviklingsmyndighederne afviklingsværktøjer og udøver afviklingsbeføjelser på en måde, der minimerer konsekvenserne for andre koncernenheder og koncernen som helhed og minimerer de negative virkninger på den finansielle stabilitet i Unionen og dens medlemsstater, navnlig i de lande, hvor koncernen driver virksomhed, jf. dog artikel 31.
3.   Ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser sikrer medlemsstaterne, at de overholder Unionens statsstøtteregler, når det er relevant.
4.   Når virksomhedssalgsværktøjet, broinstitutværktøjet eller værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver anvendes på et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c), eller d), anses dette institut eller denne enhed for at være under konkursbehandling eller en tilsvarende insolvensbehandling i forbindelse med artikel 5, stk. 1, i Rådets direktiv 2001/23/EF 
(
30
)
.
5.   I forbindelse med anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser informerer og hører afviklingsmyndighederne arbejdstagerrepræsentanterne i passende omfang.
6.   Afviklingsmyndigheder anvender afviklingsværktøjer og udøver afviklingsbeføjelser uden at det berører bestemmelser om medarbejderrepræsentation i ledelsesorganer som fastsat i national ret eller retspraksis.
KAPITEL II
Administration
Artikel 35
Administration
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan udpege en administrator til at overtage ledelsesorganet af det institut, der er under afvikling. Afviklingsmyndighederne offentliggør udpegelsen af en administrator. Medlemsstaterne sikrer endvidere, at administratoren har de nødvendige kvalifikationer og evner samt den fornødne viden til at kunne varetage sine opgaver.
2.   Administratoren har alle de beføjelser, der tillægges aktionærerne og instituttets ledelsesorgan. Administratoren må dog kun udøve sådanne beføjelser under afviklingsmyndighedens kontrol.
3.   Administratoren skal have en lovbestemt pligt til at træffe alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til fremme af de i artikel 31 omhandlede afviklingsmål og iværksætte afviklingshandlinger i henhold til afviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse. Denne opgave skal om nødvendigt have forrang frem for enhver anden ledelsesopgave i henhold til instituttets vedtægter eller national ret i tilfælde af uoverensstemmelse mellem opgaverne. Disse foranstaltninger kan bl.a. være en kapitaludvidelse, omorganisering af ejerforholdene i instituttet, eller at andre institutter, der er finansielt og organisatorisk sunde, overtager det i overensstemmelse med afviklingsværktøjerne omhandlet i kapitel IV.
4.   Afviklingsmyndighederne kan fastsætte begrænsninger for en administrators råderum eller kræve, at visse af administratorens handlinger skal forhåndsgodkendes af afviklingsmyndigheden. Afviklingsmyndighederne kan til enhver tid afsætte administratoren.
5.   Medlemsstaterne stiller krav om, at administratoren med jævne mellemrum, der fastsættes af afviklingsmyndigheden, og i begyndelsen og slutningen af sit mandat udarbejder rapporter til den udpegende afviklingsmyndighed om instituttets økonomiske og finansielle situation og om de handlinger, administratoren har udført i forbindelse med sine opgaver.
6.   Administratorens mandatperiode må ikke være længere end et år. Denne periode kan undtagelsesvist fornyes, hvis afviklingsmyndigheden fastslår, at betingelserne for udpegelse af en administrator fortsat er opfyldt.
7.   Hvis mere end en enkelt afviklingsmyndighed agter at udpege en administrator for en enhed, der er tilknyttet en koncern, vurderer de, om det er mere hensigtsmæssigt at udpege en og samme administrator for alle de berørte enheder med henblik på at fremme løsninger, der genopretter de berørte enheders finansielle sundhed.
8.   I tilfælde af insolvens kan insolvensbehandlingen, hvor en sådan behandling skal finde sted i henhold til national ret, tage form af administration som omhandlet i nærværende artikel.
KAPITEL III
Værdiansættelse
Artikel 36
Værdiansættelse ved afvikling
1.   Før afviklingsmyndighederne træffer afviklingshandlinger eller udøver beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere relevante kapitalinstrumenter, sikrer de, at der foretages en rimelig, forsigtig og realistisk værdiansættelse af instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), aktiver og passiver af en person, som er uafhængig af alle offentlige myndigheder, herunder afviklingsmyndigheden, og instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d). Når alle kravene i nærværende artikel er opfyldt, betragtes værdiansættelsen som endelig, jf. dog stk. 13 og artikel 85.
2.   Såfremt en uafhængig værdiansættelse i henhold til stk. 1 ikke er mulig, kan afviklingsmyndighederne foretage en midlertidig værdiansættelse af instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), aktiver og passiver i henhold til stk. 9.
3.   Værdiansættelsen har til formål at vurdere værdien af instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), aktiver og passiver, når det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed opfylder betingelserne for afvikling i artikel 32 og 33.
4.   Målene med værdiansættelsen er:
a)
at indgå i fastlæggelsen af, om betingelserne for afvikling eller betingelserne for nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter er opfyldt
b)
hvis betingelserne for afvikling er opfyldt, at indgå i afgørelsen om, hvilken passende afviklingshandling der skal træffes for så vidt angår instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
c)
hvis beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere relevante kapitalinstrumenter anvendes, at indgå i afgørelsen om omfanget af annulleringen eller udvandingen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter og omfanget af nedskrivningen eller konverteringen af relevante kapitalinstrumenter
d)
hvis bail-in-værktøjet anvendes, at indgå i afgørelsen om omfanget af nedskrivningen eller konverteringen af de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver
e)
hvis broinstitutværktøjet eller værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver anvendes, at indgå i afgørelsen om, hvilke aktiver, rettigheder, passiver eller aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der skal overføres, og afgørelsen om værdien af et eventuelt vederlag, der skal betales til det institut, der er under afvikling, eller i givet fald til ejerne af aktierne eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
f)
hvis virksomhedssalgsværktøjet anvendes, at indgå i afgørelsen om, hvilke aktiver, rettigheder, passiver eller aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der skal overføres, og at indgå i afviklingsmyndighedens forståelse af, hvad der udgør kommercielle vilkår i den i artikel 38 anvendte betydning
g)
under alle omstændigheder at sikre, at eventuelle tab på instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), aktiver, kan anerkendes fuldt ud på det tidspunkt, hvor afviklingsværktøjerne finder anvendelse, eller beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere relevante kapitalinstrumenter udøves.
5.   Værdiansættelsen baseres på forsigtige antagelser, herunder med hensyn til misligholdelsesrater og tabsomfang, uden at dette berører Unionens statsstøtteregler, hvis disse finder anvendelse. Ved værdiansættelsen må der ikke påregnes nogen potentiel fremtidig ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige eller en centralbanks likviditetsstøtte i en nødsituation, eller nogen likviditetsstøtte fra en centralbank, der ydes på andre betingelser end de normale for så vidt angår sikkerhedsstillelse, løbetid og rentesatser, til instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), fra det tidspunkt, hvor der træffes afviklingshandlinger, eller beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere relevante kapitalinstrumenter udøves. Hvis der anvendes et afviklingsværktøj, tages der i værdiansættelsen desuden hensyn til:
a)
at afviklingsmyndigheden og enhver finansieringsordning, der handler i overensstemmelse med artikel 101, kan få dækket rimelige udgifter fra det institut, der er under afvikling, jf. artikel 37, stk. 7
b)
at afviklingsfinansieringsordningen kan påregne renter eller gebyrer for alle lån eller garantier, der ydes til det institut, der er under afvikling, jf. artikel 101.
6.   Værdiansættelsen skal suppleres af følgende oplysninger fra instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), regnskaber og optegnelser:
a)
en ajourført balance og en redegørelse for instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), finansielle stilling
b)
en analyse af og skøn over aktivernes bogførte værdi
c)
en liste over udestående balanceførte og ikke-balanceførte fordringer, således som de fremgår af instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), regnskaber og optegnelser, med angivelse af de respektive lån og prioritetsordenen i henhold til den gældende insolvensret.
7.   Hvor det er relevant med henblik på at indgå i de afgørelser, som er omhandlet i stk. 4, litra e) og f), kan oplysningerne i stk. 6, litra b), suppleres af en analyse af og et skøn over værdien af instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), aktiver og passiver baseret på markedsværdi.
8.   Værdiansættelsen skal indeholde en underopdeling af kreditorerne i klasser i overensstemmelse med deres prioritetsorden i henhold til den gældende insolvensret og et skøn over den behandling, hver klasse af aktionærer og kreditorer ville have kunnet forvente at få, hvis instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), blev likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
Dette skøn berører ikke, at princippet om, at ingen kreditor må stilles ringere end under en insolvensbehandling, anvendes i henhold til artikel 74.
9.   Hvis det på grund af hastende omstændigheder i den pågældende situation ikke er muligt at opfylde kravene i stk. 6 og 8, eller stk. 2 finder anvendelse, foretages der en midlertidig værdiansættelse. Den midlertidige værdiansættelse skal opfylde kravene i stk. 3 og, så vidt det efter omstændighederne med rimelighed er praktisk muligt, kravene i stk. 1, 6 og 8.
Den midlertidige værdiansættelse, der er omhandlet i nærværende stykke, skal omfatte en buffer til yderligere tab med en passende begrundelse.
10.   En værdiansættelse, der ikke opfylder alle kravene i nærværende artikel, anses for at være midlertidig, indtil en uafhængig person har foretaget en værdiansættelse, der fuldt ud opfylder alle kravene fastsat i nærværende artikel. Den efterfølgende endelige værdiansættelse foretages, så snart det er praktisk muligt. Den kan foretages særskilt fra den i artikel 74 omhandlede værdiansættelse eller samtidig med denne og af samme uafhængige person, men de to værdiansættelser skal være adskilt fra hinanden.
Målene med den efterfølgende endelige værdiansættelse er:
a)
at sikre, at eventuelle tab på aktiverne i det institut eller den enhed, som er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), fuldt ud anerkendes i bogføringen for det institut eller den enhed, som er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
b)
at indgå i afgørelsen om at nedskrive kreditorernes fordringer eller øge værdien af det betalte vederlag, jf. stk. 11.
11.   Hvis skønnet i henhold til den efterfølgende endelige værdiansættelse over instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), nettoværdi er højere end skønnet i henhold til den midlertidige værdiansættelse over instituttets eller enhedens, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), nettoværdi, kan afviklingsmyndigheden:
a)
udøve sin beføjelse til at øge værdien af de fordringer fra kreditorer eller ejere af relevante kapitalinstrumenter, der er blevet nedskrevet i henhold til bail-in-værktøjet
b)
instruere et broinstitut eller et porteføljeadministrationsselskab om at foretage en yderligere betaling af vederlag med hensyn til aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver til det institut, der er under afvikling, eller i givet fald med hensyn til aktier eller ejerskabsinstrumenter til ejerne af aktierne eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter.
12.   Uanset stk. 1 er en midlertidig værdiansættelse i henhold til stk. 9 og 10 et gyldigt grundlag for, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan træffe afviklingshandlinger, herunder tage kontrol over et nødlidende institut eller en i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) omhandlet enhed, eller udøve beføjelsen til nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter.
13.   Værdiansættelsen skal være en integrerende del af afgørelsen om at anvende et afviklingsværktøj eller udøve en afviklingsbeføjelse eller afgørelsen om at udøve beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere kapitalinstrumenter. Værdiansættelsen i sig selv kan ikke gøres til genstand for særskilt klageadgang, men kan påklages sammen med afgørelsen i henhold til artikel 85.
14.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere betingelserne for, at en person anses for at være uafhængig af afviklingsmyndigheden og instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), for så vidt angår stk. 1 i nærværende artikel og artikel 74.
15.   EBA kan udarbejde udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere følgende kriterier for så vidt angår stk. 1, 3 og 9 i nærværende artikel og artikel 74:
a)
metodologien for ansættelse af værdien af aktiverne og passiverne i instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
b)
adskillelsen af værdiansættelserne efter artikel 36 og 74
c)
metodologien for beregning og medregning af en buffer for yderligere tab i den midlertidige værdiansættelse.
16.   EBA forelægger de i stk. 14 omhandlede udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i stk. 14 og 15 omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
KAPITEL IV
Afviklingsværktøjer
Afdeling 1
Almindelige principper
Artikel 37
Almindelige principper for afviklingsværktøjer
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har de nødvendige beføjelser til at anvende afviklingsværktøjerne over for institutter og enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der opfylder de relevante betingelser for afvikling.
2.   Når en afviklingsmyndighed beslutter at anvende et afviklingsværktøj over for et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), og denne afviklingshandling vil medføre, at kreditorerne lider tab, eller at deres fordringer konverteres, udøver afviklingsmyndigheden beføjelsen til at nedskrive og konvertere kapitalinstrumenter i henhold til artikel 59 umiddelbart inden eller samtidig med anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjet.
3.   De i stk. 1 nævnte afviklingsværktøjer er:
a)
virksomhedssalgsværktøjet
b)
broinstitutværktøjet
c)
værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver
d)
bail-in-værktøjet.
4.   Med forbehold af stk. 5 kan afviklingsmyndighederne anvende afviklingsværktøjerne enten hver for sig eller i enhver kombination.
5.   Afviklingsmyndighederne må kun anvende værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver sammen med et andet afviklingsværktøj.
6.   Anvendes alene de i nærværende artikels stk. 3, litra a) eller b), omhandlede afviklingsværktøjer, og anvendes de kun til at overføre en del af aktiverne, rettighederne eller passiverne i det institut, der er under afvikling, skal den resterende del af det institut eller den enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), hvorfra aktiverne, rettighederne eller passiverne er blevet overført, likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling. Sådan likvidation sker inden for en rimelig tidsfrist, under hensyntagen til det pågældende instituts eller den pågældende enheds, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eventuelle behov for at levere ydelser eller støtte i henhold til artikel 65, for at gøre det muligt for den modtagende part at udføre de aktiviteter eller ydelser, der erhverves ved overførslen, og under hensyntagen til andre grunde til, at den resterende del af instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), skal fortsætte for at nå afviklingsmålene eller overholde principperne fastsat i artikel 34.
7.   Afviklingsmyndigheden og enhver finansieringsordning, der handler i overensstemmelse med artikel 101, kan få dækket rimelige udgifter i forbindelse med anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjerne eller beføjelserne eller offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsværktøjer på én eller flere af følgende måder:
a)
som et fradrag for et vederlag, der er betalt af en modtager til det institut, der er under afvikling, eller i givet fald til ejerne af aktierne eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
b)
fra det institut, der er under afvikling, som privilegeret kreditor, eller
c)
fra et eventuelt provenu som resultat af indstillingen af driften af broinstituttet eller porteføljeadministrationsselskabet, som privilegeret kreditor.
8.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at nationale insolvensretlige regler vedrørende omstødelse eller anfægtelighed af retsakter, der er til skade for kreditorer, ikke finder anvendelse på overførsel af aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra et institut under afvikling til en anden enhed ved anvendelsen af et afviklingsværktøj eller udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser eller anvendelsen af offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsværktøjer.
9.   Medlemsstaterne kan ikke hindres i at give afviklingsmyndighederne supplerende værktøjer og beføjelser, som kan anvendes eller udøves, når et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), opfylder betingelserne for afvikling, forudsat at:
a)
de supplerende beføjelser, når de anvendes på en grænseoverskridende koncern, ikke udgør hindringer for effektiv koncernafvikling, og
b)
de er i overensstemmelse med afviklingsmålene og de overordnede afviklingsprincipper omhandlet i artikel 31 og 34.
10.   I det meget usædvanlige tilfælde, at der foreligger en systemisk krise, kan afviklingsmyndigheden forsøge at tilvejebringe finansiering fra alternative finansieringskilder ved anvendelse af de offentlige stabiliseringsværktøjer, der er fastsat i artikel 56 og 58, når følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
der er ydet et bidrag med henblik på tabsabsorbering og rekapitalisering til et beløb på mindst 8 % af de samlede passiver, herunder kapitalgrundlaget i instituttet under afvikling, målt på tidspunktet for afviklingshandlingen i overensstemmelse med den værdiansættelse, der er fastsat i artikel 36, af aktionærer og indehavere af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, indehavere af relevante kapitalinstrumenter og andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver ved hjælp af nedskrivning, konvertering eller på anden vis
b)
den skal være betinget af forhåndsgodkendelse og endelig godkendelse i henhold til Unionens statsstøtteregler.
Afdeling 2
Virksomhedssalgsværktøjet
Artikel 38
Virksomhedssalgsværktøjet
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at overføre følgende til en køber, der ikke er et broinstitut:
a)
aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af et institut under afvikling
b)
alle eller eventuelle aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut under afvikling.
Den i første afsnit omhandlede overførsel finder, med forbehold af nærværende artikels stk. 8 og 9 samt artikel 85, sted uden indhentning af samtykke fra aktionærerne i det institut, der er under afvikling, eller fra anden tredjemand end køberen, og uden at det er nødvendigt at overholde selskabs- eller værdipapirretlige procedurekrav bortset fra kravene i artikel 39.
2.   En overførsel i henhold til stk. 1 finder sted på kommercielle vilkår under hensyntagen til forholdene og i overensstemmelse med Unionens statsstøtteregler.
3.   I overensstemmelse med nærværende artikels stk. 2 træffer afviklingsmyndighederne alle rimelige foranstaltninger for at opnå kommercielle vilkår for overførslen, der er i overensstemmelse med den værdiansættelse, der foretages efter artikel 36, under hensyn til de nærmere omstændigheder i det enkelte tilfælde.
4.   Med forbehold af artikel 37, stk. 7, tilfalder et vederlag, der betales af køberen:
a)
ejerne af aktierne eller ejerskabsinstrumenterne, når salget af forretningsaktiviteterne er foretaget ved at overføre aktier eller ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af det institut, der er under afvikling, fra ihændehaverne af aktierne eller instrumenterne til køberen
b)
det institut, der er under afvikling, når salget af forretningsaktiviteterne er foretaget ved at overføre alle eller en del af aktiverne eller passiverne i det institut, der er under afvikling, til køberen.
5.   Ved anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet kan afviklingsmyndigheden udøve overførselsbeføjelsen flere gange for at foretage supplerende overførsler af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af det institut, der er under afvikling, eller, alt efter det enkelte tilfælde, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i det institut, der er under afvikling.
6.   Efter anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet kan afviklingsmyndighederne med køberens samtykke udøve overførselsbeføjelserne på aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver overført til køberen for at tilbageføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver til det institut, der er under afvikling, eller tilbageføre aktierne eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til de oprindelige ejere, og det institut, der er under afvikling, eller de oprindelige ejere har pligt til at tage sådanne aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver eller aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter tilbage.
7.   En køber skal have den fornødne tilladelse til at udføre de erhvervede forretningsaktiviteter, når der foretages en overførsel i henhold til stk. 1. De kompetente myndigheder sikrer, at en ansøgning om tilladelse behandles i tide i forbindelse med overførslen.
8.   Uanset artikel 22-25 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, kravet om at underrette de kompetente myndigheder i artikel 26 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og kravet i artikel 10, stk. 3, artikel 11, stk. 1 og 2, og artikel 12 og 13 i direktiv 2014/65/EU og kravet i artikel 11, stk. 3, i nævnte direktiv om at give meddelelse, gælder, at hvis en overførsel af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter som følge af anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet ville resultere i erhvervelse eller forøgelse af en kvalificeret deltagelse i et institut af den art, der er omhandlet i artikel 22, stk. 1, i direktiv 2013/36/EU eller artikel 11, stk. 1, i direktiv 2014/65/EU, foretager den kompetente myndighed for det pågældende institut den i henhold til de nævnte artikler krævede vurdering rettidigt nok til, at det ikke forsinker anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet eller forhindrer, at afviklingshandlingen opfylder de relevante afviklingsmål.
9.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, hvis den kompetente myndighed for instituttet ikke har gennemført den i stk. 8 omhandlede vurdering fra datoen for overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter som led i afviklingsmyndighedens anvendelse af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet, at følgende bestemmelser finder anvendelse:
a)
overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til køberen skal have øjeblikkelig retsvirkning
b)
under vurderingsperioden og under en eventuel afhændelsesperiode som omhandlet i litra f) suspenderes køberens stemmeret knyttet til sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, og stemmeretten tildeles alene afviklingsmyndigheden, der ikke har pligt til at udøve denne stemmeret, og som ikke på nogen måde kan drages til ansvar for at udøve eller afstå fra at udøve denne stemmeret
c)
under vurderingsperioden og under en eventuel afhændelsesperiode som omhandlet i litra f) finder de sanktioner og andre foranstaltninger for overtrædelser af krav til erhvervelser eller afhændelser af kvalificerede kapitalandele, som er omhandlet i artikel 66, 67 og 68 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, ikke anvendelse på overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
d)
straks efter afslutningen af vurderingen ved den kompetente myndighed meddeler den kompetente myndighed skriftligt afviklingsmyndigheden og køberen, om den kompetente myndighed godkender eller i henhold til artikel 22, stk. 5, i direktiv 2013/36/EU modsætter sig overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til køber
e)
hvis den kompetente myndighed godkender overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til køberen, anses den til sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter knyttede stemmeret for i fuldt omfang at være tildelt køber umiddelbart efter, at afviklingsmyndigheden eller køberen har modtaget meddelelse om en sådan godkendelse fra den kompetente myndighed
f)
hvis den kompetente myndighed modsætter sig overførslen af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til køberen, gælder følgende:
i)
den til sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter knyttede stemmeret, jf. litra b), har fuld retskraft og -virkning
ii)
afviklingsmyndigheden kan kræve, at køberen afhænder sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter inden for en af afviklingsmyndigheden under hensyntagen til de gældende markedsvilkår fastsat afhændelsesperiode, og
iii)
hvis køberen ikke inden for den af afviklingsmyndigheden fastsatte afhændelsesperiode afslutter afhændelsen, kan den kompetente myndighed med afviklingsmyndighedens samtykke pålægge køberen sanktioner og andre foranstaltninger for overtrædelser af krav til erhvervelser eller afhændelser af kvalificerede kapitalandele som omhandlet i artikel 66, 67 og 68 i direktiv 2013/36/EU.
10.   Overførsler i medfør af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet er underlagt sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne omhandlet i afsnit IV, kapitel VII.
11.   I forbindelse med udøvelsen af retten til at levere tjenesteydelser eller til at etablere sig i en anden medlemsstat, jf. direktiv 2013/36/EU eller 2014/65/EU, anses køberen for at videreføre det institut, der er under afvikling, og kan fortsætte med at udøve enhver rettighed, som instituttet udøvede i forbindelse med de overførte aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver.
12.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at den i stk. 1 nævnte køber kan fortsætte med at udøve den ret til medlemskab af og adgang til betalings-, clearings- og afregningssystemer, børser, investorgarantiordninger og indskudsgarantiordninger, som det institut, der er under afvikling, udøvede, såfremt køberen opfylder medlemsskabs- og deltagelseskriterierne for sådanne systemer.
Uanset første afsnit skal medlemsstaterne sikre, at:
a)
der ikke nægtes adgang på grund af, at køberen ikke har en rating fra et kreditvurderingsbureau, eller at denne rating ikke opfylder de ratingniveauer, der kræves for at få adgang til systemerne som omhandlet i første afsnit
b)
når køberen ikke opfylder medlemskabs- eller deltagelseskriterierne for et bestemt betalings-, clearing- eller afregningssystem, en bestemt børs, investorgarantiordning eller indskudsgarantiordning, udøves de i første afsnit nævnte rettigheder i en af afviklingsmyndigheden fastsat periode på højst 24 måneder, som kan fornyes af afviklingsmyndigheden efter ansøgning herom fra køberen.
13.   Med forbehold af afsnit IV, kapitel VII, har aktionærer eller kreditorer i det institut, der er under afvikling, og andre tredjemænd, hvis aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver ikke overføres, ikke rettigheder til eller i tilknytning til de overførte aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver.
Artikel 39
Virksomhedssalgsværktøjet: procedurekrav
1.   Ved anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet på et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), skal afviklingsmyndigheden markedsføre eller træffe foranstaltninger til at markedsføre de aktiver, rettigheder, passiver, aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i det pågældende institut, som den agter at overføre, jf. dog nærværende artikels stk. 3. Puljer af rettigheder, aktiver og passiver kan markedsføres særskilt.
2.   Den i stk. 1 omhandlede udbydning gennemføres efter følgende kriterier, uden at dette berører Unionens statsstøtteregler, hvis disse finder anvendelse:
a)
den skal være så gennemsigtig som mulig og må ikke i væsentlig grad indeholde urigtige oplysninger om aktiver, rettigheder, passiver, aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i det pågældende institut, som afviklingsmyndigheden agter at overføre, i betragtning af omstændighederne og navnlig behovet for at opretholde den finansielle stabilitet
b)
den må ikke ubehørigt begunstige eller forskelsbehandle potentielle købere
c)
den skal være fri for interessekonflikter
d)
den må ikke give en potentiel køber en urimelig fordel
e)
den skal tage hensyn til behovet for at gennemføre en hurtig afvikling
f)
den skal tilsigte en så høj salgspris som muligt for de berørte aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver.
Principperne omhandlet i dette stykke er ikke til hinder for, at afviklingsmyndigheden kan rette opfordring til bestemte potentielle købere, jf. dog første afsnit, litra b).
En eventuel offentliggørelse af markedsføringen af instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der ellers ville være påkrævet i henhold til artikel 17, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 596/2014, kan udsættes i overensstemmelse med artikel 17, stk. 4 eller 5, i nævnte forordning.
3.   Afviklingsmyndigheden kan anvende virksomhedssalgsværktøjet uden at skulle overholde kravene om markedsføring fastsat i stk. 1, hvis den finder, at overholdelse af disse krav ville svække et eller flere af afviklingsmålene, og navnlig, hvis følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
den finder, at der består en væsentlig trussel mod den finansielle stabilitet, og at denne er forårsaget eller forværres af, at det institut, der er under afvikling, er blevet eller forventeligt bliver nødlidende, og
b)
den finder, at overholdelse af de pågældende krav efter alt at dømme ville svække effektiviteten af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet med hensyn til at imødegå truslen eller opfylde afviklingsmålet omhandlet i artikel 31, stk. 2, litra b).
4.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at angive de faktiske omstændigheder, der udgør en væsentlig trussel, og elementerne i tilknytning til effektiviteten af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet, jf. stk. 3, litra a) og b).
Afdeling 3
Broinstitutværktøjet
Artikel 40
Broinstitutværktøjet
1.   For at broinstitutværktøjet kan få virkning og under hensyntagen til, at kritiske funktioner skal opretholdes i broinstituttet, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at overføre følgende til et broinstitut:
a)
aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af et eller flere institutter under afvikling eller
b)
alle eller nogle aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et eller flere institutter under afvikling.
Den i første afsnit omhandlede overførsel kan finde sted uden indhentning af samtykke fra aktionærerne i de institutter, der er under afvikling, eller fra anden tredjemand end broinstituttet, og uden at det er nødvendigt at overholde selskabs- eller værdipapirretlige procedurekrav, jf. dog artikel 85.
2.   Ved broinstitut forstås en juridisk person, der opfylder følgende krav:
a)
Det ejes helt eller delvis af en eller flere offentlige myndigheder, herunder eventuelt afviklingsmyndigheden eller afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, og kontrolleres af afviklingsmyndigheden.
b)
Det er oprettet med henblik på at modtage og forvalte alle eller nogle aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af et institut under afvikling eller alle eller nogle aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et eller flere institutter under afvikling med henblik på at opretholde adgangen til kritiske funktioner og sælge instituttet eller enheden omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c), eller d).
Anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet som omhandlet i artikel 43, stk. 2, litra b), må ikke indskrænke afviklingsmyndighedens mulighed for at kontrollere broinstituttet.
3.   Ved anvendelsen af broinstitutværktøjet sikrer afviklingsmyndigheden, at den samlede værdi af de passiver, der overføres til broinstituttet, ikke overstiger den samlede værdi af de rettigheder og aktiver, der overføres fra det institut, der er under afvikling, eller som tilføres fra andre kilder.
4.   Med forbehold af artikel 37, stk. 7, tilfalder et vederlag, der betales af broinstituttet:
a)
ejerne af aktierne eller ejerskabsinstrumenterne, når overførslen til broinstituttet er foretaget ved at overføre aktier eller ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af det institut, der er under afvikling, fra ihændehaverne af aktierne eller instrumenterne til broinstituttet
b)
det institut, der er under afvikling, når overførslen til broinstituttet er foretaget ved at overføre alle eller en del af aktiverne eller passiverne i det institut, der er under afvikling, til broinstituttet.
5.   Ved anvendelsen af broinstitutværktøjet kan afviklingsmyndigheden udøve overførselsbeføjelsen flere gange for at foretage supplerende overførsler af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter udstedt af et institut, der er under afvikling, eller, alt efter det enkelte tilfælde, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i det institut, der er under afvikling.
6.   Efter en anvendelse af broinstitutværktøjet kan afviklingsmyndigheden:
a)
tilbageføre rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver fra broinstituttet til det institut, der er under afvikling, eller aktierne eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til deres oprindelige ejere, og det institut, der er under afvikling, eller de oprindelige ejere har pligt til at tage sådanne aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver eller aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter tilbage, forudsat at betingelserne fastsat i stk. 7 er opfyldt
b)
overføre aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra broinstituttet til tredjemand.
7.   Afviklingsmyndighederne kan tilbageføre aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra broinstituttet under en af følgende omstændigheder:
a)
muligheden for en eventuel tilbageførsel af de pågældende aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver er udtrykkelig angivet i det instrument, hvorved overførslen er foretaget
b)
de pågældende aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver falder i virkeligheden ikke ind under de kategorier af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, der er angivet i det instrument, hvorved overførslen er foretaget, eller de opfylder ikke betingelserne for overførsel heraf.
En sådan tilbageførsel kan ske inden for en hvilken som helst periode og skal være i overensstemmelse med de øvrige betingelser, der måtte være angivet i instrumentet til det pågældende formål.
8.   Overførsler mellem det institut, der er under afvikling, eller den oprindelige ejer af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter på den ene side og broinstituttet på den anden side er underlagt sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne omhandlet i afsnit IV, kapitel VII.
9.   I forbindelse med udøvelsen af retten til at levere tjenesteydelser eller til at etablere sig i en anden medlemsstat, jf. direktiv 2013/36/EU eller 2014/65/EU, anses et broinstitut for at være en videreførelse af det institut, der er under afvikling, og kan fortsætte med at udøve enhver rettighed, som instituttet udøvede i forbindelse med de overførte aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver.
Afviklingsmyndighederne kan med henblik på andre formål kræve, at et broinstitut anses for at videreføre det institut, der er under afvikling, og kan fortsætte med at udøve enhver rettighed, som instituttet, der er under afvikling, udøvede i forbindelse med de overførte aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver.
10.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at broinstituttet kan fortsætte med at udøve den ret til medlemskab af og adgang til betalings-, clearings- og afregningssystemer, børser, investorgarantiordninger og indskudsgarantiordninger, som det institut, der er under afvikling, udøvede, forudsat at køberen opfylder medlemsskabs- og deltagelseskriterierne for sådanne systemer.
Uanset første afsnit skal medlemsstaterne sikre, at:
a)
der ikke nægtes adgang på grund af, at broinstituttet ikke har en rating fra et kreditvurderingsbureau, eller at denne rating ikke opfylder de ratingniveauer, der kræves for at få adgang til systemerne som omhandlet i første afsnit
b)
hvis broinstituttet ikke opfylder medlemskabs- eller deltagelseskriterierne for et bestemt betalings-, clearing- eller afregningssystem, en bestemt børs, investorgarantiordning eller indskudsgarantiordning, udøves de i første afsnit nævnte rettigheder i en af afviklingsmyndigheden fastsat periode på højst 24 måneder, som kan fornyes af afviklingsmyndigheden efter broinstituttets ansøgning herom.
11.   Med forbehold af afsnit IV, kapitel VII, har aktionærer eller kreditorer i det institut, der er under afvikling, og andre tredjemænd, hvis aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver ikke overføres til broinstituttet, ikke rettigheder til eller i tilknytning til de aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, der overføres til broinstituttet, dets ledelsesorgan eller daglige ledelse.
12.   De mål, der er fastsat for broinstituttet, indebærer ikke pligter eller ansvar over for aktionærerne eller kreditorerne i det institut, der er under afvikling, og ledelsesorganet eller den daglige ledelse hæfter ikke over for aktionærerne eller kreditorerne som følge af de handlinger, de udfører eller undlader at udføre som led i varetagelsen af deres opgaver, medmindre handlingen eller undladelsen i henhold til national ret indebærer en grov forsømmelse eller en alvorlig forseelse, som direkte påvirker aktionærernes eller kreditorernes rettigheder.
Medlemsstaterne kan yderligere begrænse et broinstituts og dets ledelsesorgans eller daglige ledelses ansvar i henhold til national ret for handlinger og undladelser under varetagelsen af deres pligter.
Artikel 41
Drift af et broinstitut
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at et broinstitut drives i overensstemmelse med følgende krav:
a)
indholdet af broinstituttets stiftelsesdokumenter godkendes af afviklingsmyndigheden
b)
under iagttagelse af ejerforholdene i broinstituttet udpeger eller godkender afviklingsmyndigheden broinstituttets ledelsesorgan
c)
afviklingsmyndigheden godkender aflønningen af ledelsesorganets medlemmer og fastlægger deres relevante ansvarsområder
d)
afviklingsmyndigheden godkender broinstituttets strategi og risikoprofil
e)
broinstituttet er godkendt i overensstemmelse med direktiv 2013/36/EU eller 2014/65/EU, alt efter hvad der er relevant, og har den fornødne tilladelse i henhold til gældende national ret til at udføre de aktiviteter og ydelser, det erhverver ved en overførsel i henhold til artikel 63 i dette direktiv
f)
broinstituttet overholder kravene i og er underlagt tilsyn i overensstemmelse med forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og med direktiv 2013/36/EU og 2014/65/EU, alt efter hvad der er relevant
g)
broinstituttets drift skal være i overensstemmelse med Unionens statsstøtteregler, og afviklingsmyndigheden kan i overensstemmelse hermed præcisere begrænsninger for dets aktiviteter.
Uanset de i første afsnit, litra e) og f) omhandlede bestemmelser, og hvis det er nødvendigt for at opfylde afviklingsmålene, kan broinstituttet etableres og få tilladelse uden at opfylde direktiv 2013/36/EU eller 2014/65/EU for en kort periode fra begyndelsen af dets virksomhed. Med henblik herpå indgiver afviklingsmyndigheden en anmodning herom til den kompetente myndighed. Hvis den kompetente myndighed beslutter at give en sådan tilladelse, angiver den den periode, i hvilken broinstituttet er fritaget for at opfylde disse direktivers krav.
2.   Med forbehold af eventuelle restriktioner i henhold til Unionens eller medlemsstaternes konkurrenceregler driver broinstituttets ledelse broinstituttet med henblik på at opretholde adgangen til kritiske funktioner og sælge instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), dets/dens aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver til en eller flere købere i den private sektor, når de rette vilkår er til stede og inden for den i nærværende artikels stk. 4, eller i givet fald nærværende artikels stk. 6 anførte frist.
3.   Afviklingsmyndigheden træffer afgørelse om, at broinstituttet ikke længere er et broinstitut i den i artikel 40, stk. 2, anvendte betydning, i følgende tilfælde, alt efter hvilket der indtræder først:
a)
broinstituttet fusionerer med en anden enhed
b)
broinstituttet opfylder ikke længere kravene i artikel 40, stk. 2
c)
alle eller praktisk taget alle broinstituttets aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver sælges til tredjemand
d)
den i stk. 5 eller i givet fald stk. 6 anførte frist udløber
e)
broinstituttets aktiver er helt likvideret, og dets passiver er helt indfriet.
4.   Når afviklingsmyndigheden agter at sælge broinstituttet eller dets aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at broinstituttet eller de relevante aktiver eller passiver markedsføres åbent og gennemsigtigt, at der i salget ikke i væsentlig grad indgår urigtige oplysninger om dem, og at salget ikke ubehørigt begunstiger eller forskelsbehandler potentielle købere.
Ethvert sådant salg skal ske på kommercielle vilkår under hensyntagen til forholdene og i overensstemmelse med Unionens statsstøtteregler.
5.   Hvis ingen af de i stk. 3, litra a), b), c) og e), nævnte resultater indtræder, indstiller afviklingsmyndigheden driften af broinstituttet hurtigst muligt og under alle omstændigheder to år efter den dato, hvor den sidste overførsel fra et institut under afvikling i medfør af broinstitutværktøjet, blev udført.
6.   Afviklingsmyndigheden kan forlænge den i stk. 5 nævnte periode med en eller flere yderligere perioder på et år, hvis en sådan forlængelse:
a)
fremmer de i stk. 3, litra a), b), c) eller e), nævnte resultater, eller
b)
er nødvendig for at sikre videreførelse af væsentlige bankydelser eller finansielle ydelser.
7.   En afgørelse fra afviklingsmyndigheden om at forlænge den i stk. 5 nævnte periode skal begrundes og indeholde en detaljeret vurdering af situationen, herunder af markedsvilkårene og -udsigterne, der taler for en forlængelse.
8.   Indstilles driften af et broinstitut under de i stk. 3, litra c) eller d), nævnte omstændigheder, skal broinstituttet likvideres ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
Et eventuelt provenu ved indstillingen af driften af broinstituttet tilfalder aktionærerne i broinstituttet, jf. dog artikel 37, stk. 7.
9.   Hvis et broinstitut anvendes til at overføre aktiver og passiver i mere end et enkelt institut, der er under afvikling, gælder forpligtelsen i stk. 8 realiseringen af de aktiver og passiver, der er overført fra de enkelte institutter, der er under afvikling, og ikke broinstituttet som sådant.
Afdeling 4
Værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver
Artikel 42
Værktøj til adskillelse af aktiver
1.   For at værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver kan få virkning, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut under afvikling eller et broinstitut til et eller flere porteføljeadministrationsselskaber.
Den i første afsnit omhandlede overførsel kan finde sted uden indhentning af samtykke fra aktionærerne i de institutter, der er under afvikling, eller fra anden tredjemand end broinstituttet, og uden at det er nødvendigt at overholde selskabs- eller værdipapirretlige procedurekrav, jf. dog artikel 85.
2.   I forbindelse med værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver er et porteføljeadministrationsselskab en juridisk person, der opfylder følgende betingelser:
a)
det ejes helt eller delvist af en eller flere offentlige myndigheder, herunder eventuelt afviklingsmyndigheden eller afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, og kontrolleres af afviklingsmyndigheden
b)
det er oprettet med henblik på at modtage nogle eller alle aktiver, rettigheder og passiver i et eller flere institutter under afvikling eller et broinstitut.
3.   Porteføljeadministrationsselskabet forvalter de aktiver, der er overført til det, med henblik på at maksimere deres værdi ved et efterfølgende salg eller en velordnet opløsning.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at et porteføljeadministrationsselskab drives i overensstemmelse med følgende bestemmelser:
a)
indholdet af porteføljeadministrationsselskabets stiftelsesdokumenter godkendes af afviklingsmyndigheden
b)
under iagttagelse af ejerforholdene i porteføljeadministrationsselskabet udpeger eller godkender afviklingsmyndigheden porteføljeadministrationsselskabets ledelsesorgan
c)
afviklingsmyndigheden godkender aflønningen af ledelsesorganets medlemmer og fastlægger deres relevante ansvarsområder
d)
afviklingsmyndigheden godkender porteføljeadministrationsselskabets strategi og risikoprofil.
5.   Afviklingsmyndighederne må kun udøve beføjelsen i henhold til stk. 1 til at overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, hvis:
a)
situationen på det specifikke marked for de pågældende aktiver er af en sådan art, at det kunne få negative virkninger for et eller flere finansielle markeder, hvis de blev likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling
b)
overførslen er nødvendig for at sikre, at instituttet under afvikling eller broinstituttet fungerer korrekt, eller
c)
overførslen er nødvendig for at maksimere midlerne fra likvidationen.
6.   Ved anvendelsen af værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver fastsætter afviklingsmyndighederne det vederlag, for hvilket aktiverne, rettighederne og passiverne overføres til porteføljeadministrationsselskabet, i overensstemmelse med principperne i artikel 36 og i overensstemmelse med Unionens statsstøtteregler. Dette stykke er ikke til hinder for, at vederlaget kan have en nominel eller negativ værdi.
7.   Ethvert vederlag, der betales af porteføljeadministrationsselskabet med hensyn til de aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, der er erhvervet direkte fra instituttet under afvikling, tilfalder instituttet under afvikling, jf. dog artikel 37, stk. 7. Vederlag kan betales i form af gæld udstedt af porteføljeadministrationsselskabet.
8.   Hvis broinstitutværktøjet har været anvendt, kan et porteføljeadministrationsselskab, efter anvendelsen af broinstitutværktøjet, erhverve aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra broinstituttet.
9.   Afviklingsmyndigheder kan overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra det institut, der er under afvikling, til et eller flere porteføljeadministrationsselskaber ad flere omgange og tilbageføre aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver fra et eller flere porteføljeadministrationsselskaber til det institut, der er under afvikling, forudsat at betingelserne i stk. 10 er opfyldt.
Det institut, der er under afvikling, har pligt til at tage sådanne aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver tilbage.
10.   Afviklingsmyndighederne kan tilbageføre rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver fra porteføljeadministrationsselskabet til det institut, der er under afvikling, under en af følgende omstændigheder:
a)
muligheden for en eventuel tilbageførsel af de pågældende rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver er udtrykkelig angivet i det instrument, hvorved overførslen er foretaget
b)
de pågældende rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver falder reelt ikke ind under de kategorier af rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver, der er angivet i det instrument, hvorved overførslen er foretaget, eller de opfylder ikke betingelserne for overførsel heraf.
I begge de i litra a) og b) nævnte tilfælde kan tilbageførslen ske inden for en hvilken som helst periode og skal være i overensstemmelse med de øvrige betingelser, der måtte være angivet i instrumentet til det pågældende formål.
11.   Overførsler mellem det institut, der er under afvikling, og porteføljeadministrationsselskabet er underlagt sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne i forbindelse med delvis overførsel af ejendom som fastsat i afsnit IV, kapitel VII.
12.   Med forbehold af afsnit IV, kapitel VII, har aktionærer eller kreditorer i det institut, der er under afvikling, og andre tredjemænd, hvis aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver ikke overføres til porteføljeadministrationsselskabet, ikke rettigheder til eller i tilknytning til de aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, der overføres til porteføljeadministrationsselskabet eller dets ledelsesorgan eller daglige ledelse.
13.   De mål, der er fastsat for et porteføljeadministrationsselskab, indebærer ikke pligter eller ansvar over for aktionærerne eller kreditorerne i det institut, der er under afvikling, og ledelsesorganet eller den daglige ledelse hæfter ikke over for aktionærerne eller kreditorerne som følge af de handlinger, de udfører eller undlader at udføre som led i varetagelsen af deres opgaver, medmindre handlingen eller undladelsen i henhold til national ret indebærer en grov forsømmelse eller en alvorlig forseelse, som direkte påvirker aktionærernes eller kreditorernes rettigheder.
Medlemsstaterne kan yderligere begrænse et porteføljeadministrationsselskabs og dets ledelsesorgans eller daglige ledelses ansvar i henhold til national ret for handlinger og undladelser under varetagelsen af deres pligter.
14.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at fremme konvergensen mellem tilsyns- og afviklingspraksis med hensyn til konstatering af, hvornår det kunne få negative virkninger for et eller flere finansielle markeder, hvis aktiverne eller passiverne blev realiseret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, jf. stk. 5.
Afdeling 5
»Bail-in«-værktøjet
Underafdeling 1
»Bail-in«-værktøjets formål og anvendelsesområde
Artikel 43
Bail-in-værktøjet
1.   For at bail-in-værktøjet kan få virkning, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingsmyndighederne har de i artikel 63, stk. 1, anførte afviklingsbeføjelser.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan anvende bail-in-værktøjet for at nå de afviklingsmål, der er fastlagt i artikel 31, i overensstemmelse med principperne for afvikling anført i artikel 34 til et af følgende formål:
a)
at rekapitalisere et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der opfylder betingelserne for afvikling i et tilstrækkeligt omfang til at genoprette dets evne til at opfylde betingelserne for godkendelse (for så vidt disse betingelser finder anvendelse på enheden) og til at udføre de aktiviteter, hvortil det eller den er godkendt i henhold til direktiv 2013/36/EU eller direktiv 2014/65/EU, hvis enheden er godkendt i henhold til disse direktiver, og til at bevare en tilstrækkelig markedstillid til instituttet eller enheden
b)
at konvertere til egenkapital eller nedbringe hovedstolen af fordrings- eller gældsinstrumenter, der overføres:
i)
til et broinstitut med henblik på at skaffe kapital til dette broinstitut, eller
ii)
under virksomhedssalgsværktøjet eller værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kun anvender bail-in-værktøjet til det i nærværende artikels stk. 2, litra a), anførte formål, hvis det med rimelighed kan forventes, at anvendelsen af dette værktøj sammen med andre relevante foranstaltninger, herunder foranstaltninger, der gennemføres i overensstemmelse med den i artikel 52 krævede virksomhedsomlægningsplan, ud over at opfylde de relevante afviklingsmålsætninger vil føre til en genoprettelse af det eller den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede instituts eller enheds finansielle sundhed og levedygtighed på længere sigt.
Hvis betingelserne i nærværende stykkes første afsnit ikke opfyldt, kan medlemsstaterne anvende et af afviklingsværktøjerne omhandlet i artikel 37, stk. 3, litra a), b) og c), og bail-in-værktøjet i nærværende artikels stk. 2, litra b).
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan anvende afviklingsværktøjet til alle institutter eller enheder omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), samtidig med at de respekterer det pågældende instituts eller den pågældende enheds juridiske form, eller de kan ændre den juridiske form.
Artikel 44
Bail-in-værktøjets anvendelsesområde
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at bail-in-værktøjet kan anvendes til alle det eller den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede instituts eller enheds passiver, som ikke er udelukket fra dette værktøjs anvendelsesområde i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 2 eller 3
2.   Afviklingsmyndigheder må ikke gøre brug af deres nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelser i forhold til følgende passiver, uanset om de er omfattet af en medlemsstats eller tredjelands lovgivning:
a)
dækkede indskud
b)
sikrede passiver, dækkede obligationer og passiver i form af finansielle instrumenter, der anvendes til hedgingformål, som udgør en integreret del af sikkerhedspuljen, og som i henhold til national ret er sikret på en måde svarende til dækkede obligationer
c)
ethvert passiv, der opstår som følge af instituttets eller den i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) omhandlede enheds besiddelse af kunders aktiver eller penge, herunder kunders aktiver eller penge, der er deponeret af eller på vegne af investeringsinstitutter som defineret i artikel 1, stk. 2, i direktiv 2009/65/EF eller AIF’er som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, litra a) i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/61/EU 
(
31
)
, under forudsætning af at denne kunde er beskyttet i henhold til den gældende insolvensret
d)
ethvert passiv, der opstår som følge af et tillidsforhold mellem instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), (som administrator) og en anden person (som begunstiget), under forudsætning af at en sådan begunstiget er beskyttet i henhold til gældende insolvens- eller civilret
e)
passiver i forhold til institutter, undtagen enheder, der indgår i samme koncern, med en oprindelig løbetid på mindre end syv dage
f)
passiver med en resterende løbetid på mindre en syv dage, over for systemer eller systemansvarlige, der er udpeget i forbindelse med direktiv 98/26/EF, eller deres deltager og som følge af deltagelse i et sådant system
g)
et passiv over for:
i)
en medarbejder som følge af et løntilgodehavende, pensionsydelser eller anden fast godtgørelse, undtagen den variable del af lønnen, som ikke er reguleret ved kollektive overenskomster
ii)
en kommerciel eller handelsmæssig kreditor som følge af levering til instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), af varer eller tjenesteydelser, der er afgørende for den daglige drift af instituttets aktiviteter, herunder it-tjenesteydelser, forsyninger og leje, servicering og vedligeholdelse af lokaler
iii)
skatte- og socialsikringsmyndigheder, såfremt disse passiver har fortrinsret i henhold til gældende ret
iv)
indskudsgarantiordninger som følge af forfaldne bidrag i overensstemmelse med direktiv 2014/49/EU.
Første afsnit, litra g), nr. i), finder ikke anvendelse på den variable del af lønnen for væsentlige risikotagere som omhandlet i artikel 92, stk. 2, i direktiv 2013/36/EU.
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at alle sikrede aktiver i tilknytning til en sikkerhedspulje med dækkede obligationer er uberørte, holdes adskilt og finansieres i tilstrækkeligt omfang. Hverken dette krav eller første afsnit, litra a) og b), er til hinder for, at afviklingsmyndighederne, når det er hensigtsmæssigt, gør brug af deres beføjelser i forhold til en hvilken som helst del af et sikret passiv eller et passiv, for hvilket der er stillet sikkerhed, som overstiger værdien af de aktiver, det pant, den tilbageholdelsesret eller den kaution, der stilles som sikkerhed.
Første afsnit, litra a), forhindrer ikke afviklingsmyndigheder i, når det er hensigtsmæssigt, at udøve disse beføjelser i forhold til et hvilket som helst beløb af et indskud, der overstiger den dækning, som fastsat i artikel 6 i direktiv 2014/49/EU.
Uden at det berører bestemmelserne om store eksponeringer i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU sikrer medlemsstaterne for at give mulighed for at afvikle institutter og koncerner, at afviklingsmyndighederne i overensstemmelse med nærværende direktivs artikel 17, stk. 5, litra b), begrænser i hvilket omfang andre institutter besidder passiver, der kan blive omfattet af et bail-in-værktøj, bortset fra passiver, som besiddes i enheder, som er en del af den samme koncern.
3.   Når bail-in-værktøjet anvendes, kan afviklingsmyndigheden i undtagelsestilfælde vælge helt eller delvis at undlade at lade nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelserne gælde visse passiver, hvis:
a)
det, uanset at afviklingsmyndigheden efter bedste evne bestræber sig herpå, ikke er muligt at foretage en bail-in inden for en rimelig frist
b)
udelukkelsen anses for strengt nødvendig og rimelig for videreførelsen af kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder på en måde, der fortsat sætter instituttet under afvikling i stand til at videreføre nøglefunktioner, tjenesteydelser og transaktioner
c)
udelukkelsen anses for strengt nødvendig og rimelig for at undgå en udbredt afsmittende virkning, navnlig med hensyn til berettigede indskud tilhørende fysiske personer, mikrovirksomheder samt små og mellemstore virksomheder, der alvorligt ville forstyrre de finansielle markeders funktion, herunder de finansielle markeders infrastrukturer på en måde, der ville medføre en alvorlig forstyrrelse for en medlemsstats eller Unionens økonomi, eller
d)
anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet på disse passiver ville medføre et værditab af en sådan størrelse, at andre kreditorers tab ville være større, end hvis disse passiver ikke var udelukket fra bail-in.
Hvis en afviklingsmyndighed beslutter at udelukke eller delvist udelukke et nedskrivningsrelevant passiv eller en kategori af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i henhold til dette stykke, kan omfanget af den nedskrivning eller konvertering, der foretages for andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, øges for at tage højde for sådanne udelukkelser, forudsat at omfanget af den nedskrivning og konvertering, der foretages for andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, overholder principperne i artikel 34, stk. 1, litra g).
4.   Beslutter en afviklingsmyndighed helt eller delvist at udelukke et nedskrivningsrelevant passiv eller en kategori af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i henhold til nærværende artikel, og de tab, der skulle have været dækket af disse passiver, ikke er blevet videregivet fuldt ud til andre kreditorer, kan afviklingsfinansieringsordningen yde et bidrag til instituttet under afvikling ved at gøre et eller begge af følgende:
a)
dække eventuelle tab, der ikke er absorberet af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, og genoprette nettoværdien af instituttet under afvikling til nul i overensstemmelse med stk. 46, stk. 1, litra a)
b)
købe aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller kapitalinstrumenter i instituttet under afvikling for at rekapitalisere instituttet i overensstemmelse med artikel 46, stk. 1, litra b).
5.   Afviklingsfinansieringsordningen kan kun yde et bidrag som omhandlet i stk. 4, hvis:
a)
der er ydet et bidrag med henblik på tabsabsorbering og rekapitalisering til et beløb på mindst 8 % af de samlede passiver, herunder kapitalgrundlaget i instituttet under afvikling, målt på tidspunktet for afviklingshandlingen i overensstemmelse med den værdiansættelse, der er omhandlet i artikel 36, af aktionærer og indehavere af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, indehavere af relevante kapitalinstrumenter og andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver ved hjælp af nedskrivning, konvertering eller på anden vis, og
b)
bidraget til afviklingsfinansieringsordningen ikke overstiger 5 % af de samlede passiver, herunder kapitalgrundlaget i instituttet under afvikling, målt på tidspunktet for afviklingshandlingen i overensstemmelse med den værdiansættelse, der er omhandlet i artikel 36.
6.   Bidraget fra afviklingsfinansieringsordningen som omhandlet i stk. 4 kan finansieres af:
a)
det beløb, der er til rådighed for afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, og som er opkrævet gennem bidrag fra institutterne og EU-filialer i overensstemmelse med artikel 100, stk. 6, og artikel 103
b)
det beløb, der kan opkræves gennem ex post-bidrag i overensstemmelse med artikel 104 inden for en periode på tre år og
c)
de beløb, der er opkrævet fra alternative finansieringskilder i overensstemmelse med artikel 105, hvis de i dette stykkes litra a) og b) omhandlede beløb ikke er tilstrækkelige.
7.   I ekstraordinære tilfælde kan afviklingsmyndigheden forsøge at tilvejebringe yderligere finansiering fra alternative finansieringskilder, efter at:
a)
den grænse på 5 %, der er angivet i stk. 5, litra b), er nået, og
b)
alle usikrede ikke-privilegerede passiver, bortset fra berettigede indskud, er nedskrevet eller konverteret fuldt ud.
Endvidere kan afviklingsfinansieringsordningen som et alternativ eller et supplement, når betingelserne i første afsnit, er opfyldt, yde et bidrag fra midler, der er opkrævet i form af ex ante-bidrag i overensstemmelse med artikel 100, stk. 6, og artikel 103, og som endnu ikke er udnyttet.
8.   Uanset stk. 5, litra a), kan afviklingsfinansieringsordningen også yde et bidrag som omhandlet i stk. 4, forudsat at:
a)
bidraget til tabsabsorbering og rekapitalisering, jf. stk. 5, litra a), svarer til et beløb på mindst 20 % af det pågældende instituts risikovægtede aktiver
b)
den berørte medlemsstats afviklingsfinansieringsordning gennem ex ante-bidrag (undtagen bidrag til en indskudsgarantiordning), der er opkrævet i overensstemmelse med artikel 100, stk. 6, og artikel 103, råder over et beløb på mindst 3 % af de dækkede indskud for samtlige kreditinstitutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på medlemsstatens område, og
c)
det pågældende institut har aktiver på under 900 mia. EUR på et konsolideret grundlag.
9.   Afviklingsmyndigheder skal, når de udøver deres skønsbeføjelser i henhold til stk. 3, tage behørigt hensyn til:
a)
princippet om, at tab først afholdes af aktionærerne og dernæst generelt af kreditorerne i prioritetsorden i det institut, der er under afvikling
b)
hvor megen tabsabsorberingskapacitet der vil være tilbage i instituttet under afvikling, hvis passiverne eller kategorien af passiver udelukkes, og
c)
behovet for at bibeholde tilstrækkelige midler til afviklingsfinansiering.
10.   Udelukkelser i henhold til stk. 3 kan foretages enten med henblik på fuldstændig udelukkelse af et passiv fra nedskrivningen eller en begrænsning af omfanget af nedskrivningen for dette passiv.
11.   Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115 med henblik på yderligere at præcisere, under hvilke omstændigheder denne udelukkelse er nødvendig for at nå målene i nærværende artikels stk. 3.
12.   Afviklingsmyndigheden underretter Kommissionen, inden den foretager det skøn vedrørende udelukkelse af et passiv, der er omhandlet i stk. 3. Hvis udelukkelsen kræver et bidrag fra afviklingsfinansieringsordningen eller en alternativ finansieringskilde i henhold til stk. 4-8, kan Kommissionen senest 24 timer efter, at den har modtaget en sådan underretning, eller med afviklingsmyndighedens samtykke inden for en længere frist, forbyde eller kræve ændringer af den foreslåede udelukkelse, hvis kravene i nærværende artikel og de delegerede retsakter ikke er opfyldt, for at beskytte det indre markeds integritet. Dette berører ikke Kommissionens anvendelse af Unionens statsstøtteregler.
Underafdeling 2
Minimumskrav for kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver
Artikel 45
Anvendelse af minimumskravet
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at institutterne til stadighed opfylder et minimumskrav til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver. Minimumskravet beregnes som kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, udtrykt som en procentdel af instituttets samlede passiver og kapitalgrundlag.
Med henblik på første afsnit skal derivatpassiver medtages blandt de samlede passiver, i det omfang at der gives fuld anerkendelse af modparters nettingrettigheder.
2.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på yderligere at præcisere de vurderingskriterier, der er nævnt i stk. 6, litra a)-f), på grundlag af hvilke der for hvert institut skal fastlægges et minimumskrav for kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, herunder efterstillet gæld og prioriteret usikret gæld med en restløbetid på mindst 12 måneder, der er omfattet af bail-in-beføjelsen, og dem, som kan anses for kapitalgrundlag.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Medlemsstaterne kan fastsætte yderligere kriterier, på grundlag af hvilke minimumskravet for kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal fastlægges.
3.   Uanset stk. 1 skal afviklingsmyndigheder undtage realkreditinstitutter finansieret med dækkede obligationer, der i henhold til national ret ikke kan modtage indskud, fra kravet om på alle tidspunkter at opfylde minimumskravet for kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, når:
a)
disse institutter vil blive likvideret ved hjælp af nationale insolvensprocedurer, eller andre typer af procedurer, der er gennemført i overensstemmelse med dette direktivs artikel 38, 40 eller 42, der gælder for disse institutter, og
b)
disse nationale insolvensprocedurer eller andre typer af procedurer vil sikre, at disse institutters kreditorer, herunder indehavere af dækkede obligationer, hvor det er relevant, vil bære tabet på en måde, som opfylder afviklingsmålene.
4.   Nedskrivningsrelevante passiver indgår kun i kapitalgrundlaget og de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver som anført i stk. 1, hvis de opfylder følgende betingelser:
a)
instrumentet er udstedt og fuldt indbetalt
b)
passivet er ikke et passiv over for instituttet selv, og dette har ikke stillet sikkerhed eller garanti for det
c)
købet af instrumentet var ikke direkte eller indirekte finansieret af instituttet
d)
passivet har en restløbetid på mindst et år
e)
passivet hidrører ikke fra et derivat
f)
passivet hidrører ikke fra et indskud, der har forrang i den nationale prioritetsrækkefølge ved insolvens i henhold til artikel 108.
Med henblik på litra d) er udløbsdatoen for et passiv, såfremt det pågældende passiv giver ejeren ret til tilbagebetaling på et tidligere tidspunkt, den første dato, hvor en sådan ret opstår.
5.   Er passivet underlagt lovgivningen i et tredjeland, kan afviklingsmyndighederne kræve, at instituttet godtgør, at en afgørelse fra afviklingsmyndigheden om at nedskrive eller konvertere det pågældende passiv vil træde i kraft i henhold til dette tredjelands lovgivning, idet der tages hensyn til de kontraktvilkår, der gælder for passivet, internationale aftaler om anerkendelse af afviklingsprocedurer og andre relevante forhold. Finder afviklingsmyndigheden det ikke godtgjort, at en afgørelse træder i kraft i henhold til dette tredjelands lovgivningen, medregnes gælden ikke i minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver.
6.   Minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver for hvert institut som anført i stk. 1 fastsættes af afviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af den kompetente myndighed som minimum på basis af følgende kriterier:
a)
behovet for at sikre, at instituttet kan afvikles ved anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjerne, herunder, hvis hensigtsmæssigt, bail-in-værktøjet, på en måde, hvormed afviklingsmålene opfyldes
b)
behovet for i hensigtsmæssigt omfang at sikre, at instituttet har tilstrækkelig nedskrivningsrelevante passiver til, såfremt bail-in-værktøjet anvendes, at sikre, at tabene kan dækkes, og instituttets egentlige kernekapitalprocent kan genoprettes til det niveau, som er nødvendigt for, at det fortsat kan opfylde kravene til tilladelse og fortsat kan udføre de aktiviteter, hvortil det er godkendt i henhold til direktiv 2013/36/EU eller direktiv 2014/65/EU og til at bevare en tilstrækkelig markedstillid til instituttet eller enheden
c)
behovet for at sikre, at instituttet, såfremt det ifølge afviklingsplanen forventes, at visse kategorier af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver kan udelukkes fra bail-in, jf. artikel 44, stk. 3, eller at visse kategorier af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver kan overføres til en modtager i sin helhed ved en delvis overførsel, har tilstrækkelige øvrige nedskrivningsrelevante passiver til at sikre, at tabene kan dækkes, og instituttets egentlige kernekapitalprocent kan genoprettes til det niveau, som er nødvendigt for, at det fortsat kan opfylde kravene til tilladelse og fortsat udføre de aktiviteter, hvortil det er meddelt tilladelse i henhold til direktiv 2013/36/EU eller direktiv 2014/65/EU
d)
instituttets størrelse, forretningsmodel, finansieringsmodel og risikoprofil
e)
i hvilket omfang indskudsgarantiordningen kan bidrage til finansieringen af afviklingen i henhold til artikel 109
f)
i hvilket omfang det forhold, at instituttet er nødlidende, har en negative virkninger på den finansielle stabilitet, herunder gennem afsmitning på andre institutter på grund af dets indbyrdes forbundethed med andre institutter eller med det finansielle system generelt.
7.   Institutterne skal opfylde minimumskravene fastsat i nærværende artikel på individuel basis.
En afviklingsmyndighed kan efter høring af en kompetent myndighed beslutte, at minimumskravene i nærværende artikel finder anvendelse på en enhed omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d).
8.   Ud over stk. 7 skal modervirksomheder i Unionen opfylde minimumskravene i nærværende artikel på et konsolideret grundlag.
Minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver på et konsolideret niveau i en modervirksomhed i Unionen skal fastlægges af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af den konsoliderede tilsynsmyndighed i overensstemmelse med stk. 9 mindst på grundlag af de kriterier, der er fastsat i stk. 6, og såfremt koncernens datterselskaber i tredjelande skal afvikles separat i overensstemmelse med afviklingsplanen.
9.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for datterselskaberne på individuel basis, gør alt, hvad der står i deres magt, for at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse om niveauet af det minimumskrav, der finder anvendelse på konsolideret niveau.
Den fælles afgørelse skal være fuldt begrundet og skal fremsendes til modervirksomheden i Unionen af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden.
Fremsendes der ikke inden for fire måneder en sådan fælles afgørelse, træffer koncernafviklingsmyndigheden en afgørelse om det konsoliderede minimumskrav under behørig hensyntagen til den vurdering af datterselskaberne, som de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder har foretaget. Har en af de pågældende afviklingsmyndigheder ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt sagen for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder koncernafviklingsmyndigheden sin afgørelse og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte vedtage i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer sin afgørelse i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder koncernafviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse anvendelse.
Den fælles afgørelse og, såfremt der ikke foreligger nogen fælles afgørelse, koncernafviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse er bindende for afviklingsmyndighederne i de pågældende medlemsstater.
Den fælles afgørelse og enhver afgørelse, der træffes, såfremt der ikke foreligger nogen fælles afgørelse, gennemgås regelmæssigt og ajourføres, hvor det er relevant.
10.   Afviklingsmyndighederne fastsætter det minimumskrav, der finder anvendelse på koncernens datterselskaber på individuel basis. Disse minimumskrav fastsættes på et niveau, der er relevant for datterselskabet, under hensyntagen til:
a)
kriterierne i stk. 6, navnlig datterselskabets størrelse, forretningsmodel og risikoprofil, herunder dets kapitalgrundlag, og
b)
det konsoliderede krav, der er fastsat for koncernen, jf. stk. 9.
Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for datterselskaberne på individuel basis, gør alt, hvad der står i deres magt, for at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse om niveauet for det minimumskrav, der finder anvendelse på hvert enkelt datterselskab på individuelt niveau.
Den fælles afgørelse skal være fuldt begrundet og skal fremsendes til datterselskaberne og til moderinstituttet i Unionen af henholdsvis afviklingsmyndigheden for datterselskaberne og koncernafviklingsmyndigheden.
Foreligger der ikke nogen fælles afgørelse fra afviklingsmyndighederne inden for en periode på fire måneder, træffer de respektive afviklingsmyndigheder for datterselskaberne en afgørelse under behørig hensyntagen til de synspunkter og forbehold, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden har givet udtryk for.
Har koncernafviklingsmyndigheden ved udløbet af perioden på fire måneder indbragt sagen for EBA i henhold til artikel 19 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, udskyder de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for datterselskaberne på individuel basis, deres afgørelser og afventer den afgørelse, EBA måtte vedtage i overensstemmelse med artikel 19, stk. 3, i nævnte forordning, og træffer deres afgørelser i overensstemmelse med EBA's afgørelse. Perioden på fire måneder anses for at være forligsfasen i nævnte forordnings forstand. EBA træffer afgørelse inden for en måned. Efter udløbet af perioden på fire måneder, eller efter at der er truffet en fælles afgørelse, kan sagen ikke længere indbringes for EBA. Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden kan ikke indbringe sagen for EBA med henblik på bindende mægling, såfremt det af datterselskabets afviklingsmyndighed fastsatte niveau ligger inden for et procentpoint af det i nærværende artikels stk. 9 fastsatte konsoliderede niveau.
Foreligger der ikke nogen afgørelse fra EBA inden for en måned, finder afgørelserne fra datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder anvendelse.
Den fælles afgørelse og en eventuel afgørelse truffet af datterselskabernes afviklingsmyndigheder, såfremt der ikke foreligger nogen fælles afgørelse, er bindende for de pågældende afviklingsmyndigheder.
Den fælles afgørelse og enhver afgørelse, der træffes, såfremt der ikke foreligger nogen fælles afgørelse, gennemgås regelmæssigt og ajourføres, hvor det er relevant.
11.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden kan dispensere helt fra anvendelsen af det individuelle minimumskrav på et moderinstitut i Unionen, såfremt:
a)
moderinstituttet i Unionen på konsolideret grundlag opfylder minimumskravet fastsat i stk. 8, og
b)
den kompetente myndighed for moderinstituttet i Unionen helt har dispenseret fra anvendelsen af individuelle kapitalkrav på instituttet i overensstemmelse med artikel 7, stk. 3 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013.
12.   Datterselskabets afviklingsmyndighed kan helt dispensere fra anvendelsen af stk. 7 på det pågældende datterselskab, såfremt:
a)
både datterselskabet og dets moderselskab har fået meddelt tilladelse og er underlagt tilsyn i den samme medlemsstat
b)
datterselskabet indgår i tilsynet på et konsolideret grundlag med moderselskabet, som er et institut
c)
det øverste koncerninstitut i den medlemsstat, hvor datterselskabet er beliggende, hvis dette er forskelligt fra moderinstituttet i Unionen, på delkonsolideret grundlag opfylder minimumskravet fastsat i stk. 7
d)
der ikke er nogen nuværende eller forudsete væsentlige praktiske eller juridiske hindringer for moderselskabets hurtige overførsel af kapitalgrundlag eller tilbagebetaling af forpligtelser til datterselskabet
e)
enten moderselskabet over for de kompetente myndigheder godtgør, at datterselskabet forvaltes på forsvarlig vis, og afgiver erklæring om, at det med samtykke fra den kompetente myndighed har stillet garanti for de engagementer, som datterselskabet indgår, eller risikoen i datterselskabet er uden betydning
f)
moderselskabets procedurer for risikoevaluering, -måling og -kontrol omfatter datterselskabet
g)
moderselskabet besidder mindst 50 % af de stemmerettigheder, der er knyttet til besiddelsen af kapitalandele i datterselskabet, eller har ret til at udpege eller afsætte et flertal af medlemmerne af datterselskabets ledelsesorgan, og
h)
den kompetente myndighed for datterselskabet fuldt og helt har afveget fra anvendelsen af individuelle kapitalkrav på datterselskabet i henhold til artikel 7, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013.
13.   Afgørelser, der træffes i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, kan fastsætte, at minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver opfyldes delvis på konsolideret eller individuelt niveau ved hjælp af kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter.
14.   For at et instrument kan betegnes som et kontraktligt bail-in-instrument, jf. stk. 13, skal afviklingsmyndigheden finde det godtgjort, at instrumentet:
a)
indeholder et kontraktvilkår, der fastsætter, at instrumentet, såfremt en afviklingsmyndighed beslutter at anvende bail-in-instrumentet på det pågældende institut, skal nedskrives eller konverteres i nødvendigt omfang, før andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver nedskrives eller konverteres, og
b)
er omfattet af en bindende aftale, et tilsagn eller en bestemmelse om rangordning, som foreskriver, at det i tilfælde af almindelig insolvensbehandling rangerer under andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver og først kan indfries, når andre samtidigt udestående nedskrivningsrelevante passiver er blevet indfriet.
15.   Afviklingsmyndighederne skal i samordning med de kompetente myndigheder kræve og kontrollere, at institutterne opfylder minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver fastsat i stk. 1, og, hvis det er relevant, kravet fastsat i stk. 13, og skal træffe en eventuel afgørelse i henhold til nærværende artikel parallelt med udarbejdelsen og opretholdelsen af afviklingsplanerne.
16.   Afviklingsmyndighederne skal i samordning med de kompetente myndigheder underrette EBA om det for hvert institut i deres jurisdiktion fastsatte minimumskrav til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, og, hvis det er relevant, kravet fastsat i stk. 13.
17.   ЕBA udarbejder i samordning med de kompetente myndigheder udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at specificere ensartede formater, modeller og definitioner for identifikation og videregivelse af oplysninger fra afviklingsmyndighederne til EBA med henblik på stk. 16.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelser til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 15 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
18.   På grundlag af resultaterne af den i stk. 19 omhandlede rapport forelægger Kommissionen, hvis det er hensigtsmæssigt, senest den 31. december 2016 Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet et lovgivningsforslag om den harmoniserede anvendelse af minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver. Dette forslag skal, hvis det er relevant, omfatte forslag til indføring af et passende antal minimumsniveauer for minimumskravet, under hensyntagen til institutternes og koncernernes forskellige forretningsmodeller. Forslaget skal omfatte eventuelle passende justeringer af parametrene for minimumskravet og om nødvendigt passende ændringer af anvendelsen af minimumskravet på koncerner.
19.   EBA aflægger senest den 31. oktober 2016 rapport til Kommissionen om mindst følgende:
a)
hvordan minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver er blevet gennemført på nationalt plan, og navnlig om der har været forskelle mellem medlemsstaterne i de niveauer, der er fastsat for sammenlignelige institutter
b)
hvordan beføjelsen til at pålægge institutter at opfylde minimumskravet i kraft af kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter er blevet anvendt i medlemsstaterne, og om der har været forskelle i tilgangene hertil
c)
identifikation af forretningsmodeller, der afspejler instituttets overordnede risikoprofil
d)
det passende niveau for minimumskravet for så vidt angår hver af de forretningsmodeller, der er identificeret efter litra c)
e)
om der for hver enkelt forretningsmodel bør fastsættes et interval for minimumskravet
f)
en passende overgangsperiode, inden for hvilken institutterne skal efterkomme eventuelle foreskrevne harmoniserede minimumsniveauer
g)
om kravene fastsat i artikel 45 er tilstrækkelige med henblik på at sikre, at hvert enkelt institut har en passende tabsabsorberingskapacitet, og, hvis dette ikke er tilfældet, hvilke yderligere forbedringer, der er nødvendige for at sikre dette mål
h)
om der er behov for ændring af de beregningsmetoder, der er fastsat i nærværende artikel, for at sikre, at minimumsniveauet kan anvendes som en passende indikator for et instituts tabsabsorberingskapacitet
i)
om det er hensigtsmæssigt at basere kravet på samlede passiver og kapitalgrundlag, og navnlig om det er mere hensigtsmæssigt at anvende instituttets risikovægtede aktiver som nævner i kravet
j)
om tilgangen i nærværende artikel til anvendelsen af minimumskravet på koncerner er hensigtsmæssig, og navnlig om tilgangen på en passende måde sikrer, at koncernens tabsabsorberingskapacitet findes i eller er tilgængelig for de enheder, i hvilke der kan opstå tab
k)
om betingelserne for dispensation fra minimumskravet er passende, og navnlig om der bør være adgang til sådanne dispensationer for datterselskaber på tværs af grænser
l)
om det er hensigtsmæssigt, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan kræve, at minimumskravet opfyldes i kraft af kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter, og om en yderligere harmonisering af tilgangen til kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter er formålstjenlig
m)
om kravene til kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter fastsat i stk. 14 er passende, og
n)
om det er hensigtsmæssigt, at institutter og koncerner pålægges at offentliggøre deres minimumskrav til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver eller niveauet for deres kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, og i givet fald hvor hyppigt og i hvilket format denne offentliggørelse skal finde sted.
20.   Rapporten i stk. 19 skal som minimum omfatte perioden fra den 2. juli 2014 til den 30. juni 2016 og som minimum omhandle følgende:
a)
effekten af minimumskravet og eventuelle forslag til harmoniserede niveauer for minimumskravet med hensyn til:
i)
de finansielle markeder i almindelighed og markederne for usikret gæld og derivater i særdeleshed
ii)
institutters forretningsmodeller og balancestruktur, navnlig institutters finansieringsprofil og finansieringsstrategi, samt koncerners retlige og operationelle struktur
iii)
institutters rentabilitet, navnlig deres finansieringsomkostninger
iv)
migration af eksponeringer til enheder, der ikke er omfattet af tilsyn
v)
finansiel innovation
vi)
udbredelsen af kontraktlige bail-in-instrumenter samt arten og mulighederne for afsætning af disse instrumenter
vii)
institutters risikoadfærd
viii)
omfanget af institutters aktivbehæftelser
ix)
institutters tiltag med henblik på at overholde minimumskravene, og navnlig i hvilket omfang minimumskravene er blevet opfyldt ved nedgearing på aktivsiden, udstedelse af langfristede gældsbeviser og kapitaltilførsel, og
x)
omfanget af kreditinstitutternes udlånsvirksomhed med særlig fokus på udlån til mikrovirksomheder, små og mellemstore virksomheder, lokale myndigheder, regionale forvaltninger og offentlige enheder samt handelsfinansiering, herunder udlån i henhold til officielle eksportkreditforsikringsordninger
b)
samspillet mellem minimumskravene og kravene til kapitalgrundlag, gearingsgrad og likviditetskravene fastsat i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og i direktiv 2013/36/EU
c)
institutters evne til på egen hånd at skaffe kapital eller finansiering på markederne med henblik på at opfylde et eventuelt krav om harmoniserede minimumsniveauer
d)
overensstemmelse med minimumskravene i tilknytning til eventuelle internationale standarder, der er udviklet af internationale fora.
Underafdeling 3
Gennemførelse af bail-in-værktøjet
Artikel 46
Vurdering af bail-in-beløbet
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne, når de anvender bail-in-værktøjet, på grundlag af en værdiansættelse, der er i overensstemmelse med artikel 36, vurderer det samlede beløb som:
a)
hvor det er relevant, det beløb, hvormed de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal nedskrives for at sikre, at nettoværdien af instituttet under afvikling er lig med nul og
b)
hvor det er relevant, det beløb, hvormed de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal konverteres til aktier andre typer af kapitalinstrumenter for at genoprette den egentlige kernekapitalprocent af enten:
i)
instituttet under afvikling, eller
ii)
broinstituttet.
2.   Den i stk. 1 anførte vurdering fastsætter det beløb, hvormed de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal konverteres eller nedskrives for at genoprette den egentlige kernekapitalprocent for instituttet under afvikling eller, hvis relevant, for broinstituttet, idet der tages hensyn til kapitalbidrag fra afviklingsfonden i henhold til nærværende direktivs artikel 101, stk. 1, litra d), og for at bevare en tilstrækkelig markedstillid til instituttet under afvikling eller til broinstituttet og give det mulighed for fortsat at opfylde kravene i løbet af en periode på mindst et år til godkendelse og fortsat at udføre de aktiviteter, hvortil det er godkendt i henhold til direktiv 2013/36/EU eller direktiv 2014/65/EU.
Agter afviklingsmyndighederne at anvende værktøjet til adskillelse af aktiver som omhandlet i artikel 42 skal det beløb, som de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver skal nedbringes med, i hensigtsmæssigt omfang tage hensyn til et forsigtigt skøn over porteføljeadministrationsselskabets kapitalbehov.
3.   Er kapitalen blevet nedskrevet i overensstemmelse med artikel 59-62, og er der blevet gjort brug af bail-in i overensstemmelse med artikel 43, stk. 2, og nedskrivningsniveauet baseret på den indledende værdiansættelse i henhold til artikel 36 anses for at overstige kravene ved en vurdering i forhold til den endelige værdiansættelse i henhold til artikel 36, stk. 10, kan en opskrivningsmekanisme anvendes for at refundere kreditorerne og dernæst aktionærerne i det nødvendige omfang.
4.   Afviklingsmyndighederne iværksætter og opretholder foranstaltninger til at sikre, at vurderingen og værdiansættelsen er baseret på oplysninger om aktiver og passiver i instituttet under afvikling, som er så ajourførte og omfattende som muligt.
Artikel 47
Behandling af aktionærer ved bail-in, nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne, når de anvender bail-in-værktøjet i artikel 43, stk. 2, eller nedskriver eller konverterer kapitalinstrumenter i artikel 59, iværksætter en eller begge af følgende foranstaltninger i forhold til aktionærerne og indehaverne af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter:
a)
mortificerer eksisterende aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller overfører dem til kreditorerne, der er omfattet af bail-in
b)
under forudsætning af at instituttet under afvikling ifølge vurderingen foretaget i efter artikel 36, har en positiv nettoværdi, udvander eksisterende aktionærer og indehavere af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter som følge af konverteringen til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter af:
i)
relevante kapitalinstrumenter udstedt af instituttet i henhold til den i artikel 59, stk. 2), omhandlede beføjelse, eller
ii)
nedskrivningsrelevante passiver udstedt af instituttet under afvikling i henhold til den i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra f), omhandlede beføjelse.
Med hensyn til første afsnit, litra b), foretages konverteringen til en konverteringssats, der i alvorlig grad udvander eksisterende beholdninger af aktier og andre ejerskabsinstrumenter.
2.   Foranstaltningerne omhandlet i stk. 1 skal ligeledes iværksættes i forhold til aktionærer og indehavere af andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, hvor de pågældende aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter blev udstedt eller overført under følgende omstændigheder:
a)
i forbindelse med konverteringen af gældsinstrumenter til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i overensstemmelse med de oprindelige gældsinstrumenters kontraktbestemmelser om forekomsten af en begivenhed før eller samtidig med afviklingsmyndighedens vurdering af, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), opfylder betingelserne for afvikling
b)
i forbindelse med konverteringen af relevante kapitalinstrumenter til egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter i henhold til artikel 60.
3.   I forbindelse med overvejelserne om, hvilken foranstaltning der skal træffes i henhold til stk. 1, tager afviklingsmyndighederne hensyn til:
a)
værdiansættelsen udført i overensstemmelse med artikel 36
b)
det beløb, med hvilket afviklingsmyndigheden har vurderet, at egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter skal reduceres, og relevante kapitalinstrumenter skal nedskrives eller konverteres i henhold til artikel 60, stk. 1, og
c)
det samlede beløb, som afviklingsmyndigheden har vurderet i henhold til artikel 46.
4.   Uanset artikel 22-25 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, kravet om at give meddelelse i artikel 26 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, artikel 10, stk. 3, og artikel 11, stk. 1 og 2,og artikel 12 og 13 i direktiv 2014/65/EU og kravet om at give meddelelse i artikel 11, stk. 3, i direktiv 2014/65/EU gælder, at de kompetente myndigheder, hvis anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller konverteringen af kapitalinstrumenter resulterer i erhvervelse eller forøgelse af en kvalificeret kapitalandel i et institut som omhandlet i artikel 22, stk. 1, i direktiv 2013/36/EU eller artikel 11, stk. 1, i direktiv 2014/65/EU, foretager den i disse artikler krævede vurdering rettidigt nok til, at det ikke forsinker anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller konverteringen af kapitalinstrumenter eller forhindrer, at afviklingshandlingen opfylder de relevante afviklingsmål.
5.   Hvis den kompetente myndighed for instituttet ikke har afsluttet den i stk. 4 krævede vurdering på datoen for anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller konverteringen af kapitalinstrumenter, finder artikel 38, stk. 9, anvendelse på en købers eventuelle erhvervelse eller forøgelse af en kvalificeret kapitalandel som følge af anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller konverteringen af kapitalinstrumenter.
6.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2016 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 om de omstændigheder, hvor de i nærværende artikels stk. 1 anførte foranstaltninger anses for passende, under hensyntagen til de i nærværende artikels stk. 3 anførte faktorer.
Artikel 48
Rækkefølge for nedskrivning og konvertering
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne, når de anvender af bail-in-værktøjet, udøver nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelserne, med forbehold af undtagelserne i henhold til artikel 44, stk. 2 og 3, under overholdelse af følgende krav:
a)
egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter nedbringes i overensstemmelse med artikel 60, stk. 1, litra a)
b)
hvis, og kun hvis, den samlede nedbringelse i henhold til litra a) er mindre end summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og c), omhandlede beløb, reducerer myndighederne hovedstolen af hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter i det nødvendige omfang og inden for rammerne af deres kapacitet.
c)
hvis, og kun hvis, den samlede nedbringelse i henhold til litra a) og b) er mindre end summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og c), omhandlede beløb, nedbringer myndighederne hovedstolen af supplerende kapitalinstrumenter i det nødvendige omfang og inden for rammerne af deres kapacitet
d)
hvis, og kun hvis, den samlede nedbringelse af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter og relevante kapitalinstrumenter i henhold til litra a), b) og c) er mindre end summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og c), omhandlede beløb, nedbringer myndighederne i det nødvendige omfang og i overensstemmelse med prioritetsrækkefølgen ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, for, sammen med nedskrivningen i henhold til litra a), b) og c), at opnå det samlede beløb omhandlet i artikel 47, stk. 3. litra b) og c)
e)
hvis, og kun hvis, den samlede nedbringelse af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, relevante kapitalinstrumenter og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i henhold til litra a), b), c) og d) er mindre end summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og d), omhandlede beløb, nedbringer myndighederne i det nødvendige omfang i overensstemmelse med prioritetsrækkefølgen ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, herunder prioritetsrækkefølgen for indskud omhandlet i artikel 108, jf. artikel 44, for, sammen med nedskrivningen i henhold til dette stykkes litra a), b), c) og d), at opnå det samlede beløb omhandlet i artikel 47, stk. 3. litra b) og c).
2.   Ved anvendelse af nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelserne fordeler afviklingsmyndighederne de tab, der udgøres af summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og c), omhandlede beløb, ligeligt mellem aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver af samme rang ved at nedbringe hovedstolen af, eller det udestående beløb, der skal erlægges med hensyn til disse aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i samme omfang og i forhold til deres værdi, bortset fra de tilfælde, hvor en anden fordeling af tab mellem passiver af samme rang er mulig under de forhold, der er fastsat i artikel 44, stk. 3.
Dette stykke er ikke til hinder for, at passiver, der har været udelukket fra bail-in i overensstemmelse med artikel 44, stk. 2 og 3, behandles gunstigere end nedskrivningsrelevante passiver af samme rang ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
3.   Inden anvendelse af den i stk. 1, litra e), omhandlede nedskrivning eller konvertering konverterer eller nedbringer afviklingsmyndighederne hovedstolen af instrumenterne omhandlet i stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), såfremt disse instrumenter indeholder følgende bestemmelser og ikke allerede er blevet konverteret:
a)
bestemmelser om, at hovedstolen af instrumentet skal nedbringes ved enhver begivenhed, der vedrører den finansielle situation, solvens eller kapitalgrundlaget i instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
b)
bestemmelser om konvertering af instrumenterne til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, såfremt en sådan begivenhed forekommer.
4.   Er hovedstolen af et instrument blevet nedbragt, men ikke til nul, i henhold til bestemmelser af typen i stk. 3, litra a), inden anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller i henhold til stk. 1, anvender afviklingsmyndighederne nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelserne på restbeløbet af hovedstolen i henhold til stk. 1.
5.   Når afviklingsmyndighederne træffer afgørelse om, hvorvidt passiver skal nedskrives eller konverteres til egenkapital, må de ikke nedskrive hovedstolen af en kategori af passiver, mens en kategori af passiver, der er underordnet denne kategori, i det væsentlige ikke konverteres til egenkapital eller ikke nedskrives, medmindre det på anden vis er tilladt efter artikel 44, stk. 2 og 3.
6.   For så vidt angår nærværende artikel udsteder EBA senest den 3. januar 2016 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for enhver fortolkning vedrørende det indbyrdes forhold mellem dette direktivs bestemmelser og bestemmelserne i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og direktiv 2013/36/EU.
Artikel 49
Derivater
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at nærværende artikel overholdes, når afviklingsmyndighederne anvender nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelserne på passiver hidrørende fra derivater.
2.   Afviklingsmyndighederne udøver først nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelserne vedrørende et passiv hidrørende fra et derivat ved eller efter afvikling af derivaterne. Når afviklingen indledes, har afviklingsmyndighederne beføjelse til at opsige og afslutte eventuelle derivatkontrakter med henblik herpå.
Er et derivatpassiv blevet udelukket fra anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet efter artikel 44, stk. 3, er afviklingsmyndighederne ikke forpligtet til at opsige eller afslutte derivatkontrakten.
3.   Er derivattransaktioner omfattet af en nettingaftale, fastsætter afviklingsmyndigheden eller en uafhængig valuar som led i værdiansættelsen efter artikel 36 det passiv, der hidrører fra disse transaktioner, på nettobasis i overensstemmelse med aftalevilkårene.
4.   Afviklingsmyndighederne fastsætter værdien af passiver hidrørende fra derivater i overensstemmelse med følgende:
a)
passende metoder til at bestemme værdien af derivatklasser, herunder transaktioner, der er genstand for nettingaftaler
b)
principper for etablering af de relevante tidspunkter for værdiansættelse af en derivatposition, og
c)
passende metoder til at sammenligne det værditab, der ville følge af en afvikling og bail-in af derivater, med størrelsen af de tab, som derivaterne ville blive påført ved en bail-in.
5.   EBA udarbejder efter høring af Den Europæiske Tilsynsmyndighed (Den Europæiske Værdipapir- og Markedstilsynsmyndighed) (ESMA) oprettet ved forordning (EU) nr. 1095/2010 udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder til specificering af de i stk. 4, litra a), b) og c), anførte metoder og principper for værdiansættelse af passiver hidrørende fra derivater.
I forbindelse med derivattransaktioner, som er omfattet af en nettingaftale, tager EBA hensyn til metoden for afvikling, der er fastsat i nettingaftalen.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til tekniske reguleringsstandarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. januar 2016.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 50
Sats for konvertering af gæld til egenkapital
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne, når de udøver de i artikel 59, stk. 3, og artikel 63, stk. 1, litra f), anførte beføjelser, kan anvende en anden konverteringssats til forskellige kategorier af kapitalinstrumenter og passiver i overensstemmelse med et af eller begge principper i nærværende artikels stk. 2 og 3.
2.   Konverteringssatsen repræsenterer en passende kompensation til den berørte kreditor for alle tab hidrørende fra anvendelsen af nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelserne.
3.   Når der anvendes forskellige konverteringssatser i overensstemmelse med stk. 1, er konverteringssatsen for passiver, der betragtes som ikkeefterstillede forpligtelser i henhold til gældende insolvensret, højere end konverteringssatsen for efterstillede forpligtelser.
4.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. januar 2016 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 om fastsættelse af konverteringssatser.
Disse retningslinjer skal navnlig angive, hvorledes berørte kreditorer på passende vis kan kompenseres ved hjælp af konverteringssatsen, og hvilke konverteringssatser der anses for hensigtsmæssige til at tage hensyn til de ikke-efterstillede forpligtelsers prioritet i henhold til den gældende insolvensret.
Artikel 51
Genopretnings- og saneringsforanstaltninger som ledsageforanstaltninger til bail-in
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der, når afviklingsmyndighederne anvender bail-in-værktøjet for at rekapitalisere et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), i overensstemmelse med artikel 43, stk. 2, litra a), iværksættes foranstaltninger til at sikre udarbejdelsen og gennemførelsen af en virksomhedsomlægningsplan for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed, i overensstemmelse med artikel 52.
2.   De i stk. 1 omhandlede foranstaltninger kan omfatte afviklingsmyndighedens udnævnelse af en person eller personer i overensstemmelse med artikel 72, stk. 1, med det formål at udarbejde og gennemføre den i artikel 52 krævede virksomhedsomlægningsplan.
Artikel 52
Virksomhedsomlægningsplan
1.   Medlemsstaterne påser, at ledelsesorganet eller den person eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, senest en måned efter anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet på et institut eller en enhed, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), i overensstemmelse med artikel 43, stk. 2, litra a), udarbejder og forelægger afviklingsmyndigheden en virksomhedsomlægningsplan, der opfylder kravene i stk. 4 og 5. Finder Unionens statsstøtteregler anvendelse, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at den pågældende plan er forenelig med den omstruktureringsplan, som det institut eller den enhed, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), skal indgive til Kommissionen i henhold til disse regler.
2.   Når bail-in-værktøjet i artikel 43, stk. 2, litra a), anvendes på to eller flere koncernenheder, skal virksomhedsomlægningsplanen udarbejdes af moderinstituttet i Unionen og dække alle koncernens institutter efter proceduren anført i artikel 7 og 8 og skal sendes til koncernafviklingsmyndigheden. Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden meddeler planen til de andre berørte afviklingsmyndigheder og til EBA.
3.   I undtagelsestilfælde og hvis det er nødvendigt for at opfylde afviklingsmålene kan afviklingsmyndigheden forlænge perioden i stk. 1 med højst to måneder efter anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet.
Hvis virksomhedsomlægningsplanen skal meddeles i henhold til Unionens statsstøtteregler, kan afviklingsmyndigheden forlænge perioden i stk. 1 med højst to måneder efter anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet eller frem til den frist, som er fastsat i Unionens statsstøtteregler, afhængigt af hvad der indtræffer først.
4.   En virksomhedsomlægningsplan indeholder foranstaltninger, som har til formål at genoprette levedygtigheden på lang sigt af instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller af dele af dets aktiviteter inden for en rimelig tidsfrist. Disse foranstaltninger er baseret på realistiske antagelser vedrørende de økonomiske og finansielle markedsbetingelser, som instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er underlagt.
Virksomhedsomlægningsplanen skal bl.a. tage hensyn til de gældende forhold og fremtidsudsigterne på de finansielle markeder på grundlag af såvel de mest optimistiske (best-case) som de mest pessimistiske (worst-case) hypoteser, herunder en kombination af begivenheder, der giver mulighed for at identificere instituttets største svagheder. Antagelserne skal sammenlignes med passende brancherelevante benchmarks.
5.   En virksomhedsomlægningsplan skal mindst indeholde følgende elementer:
a)
en detaljeret diagnose af de faktorer og problemer, der har medført, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, og de forhold, der har ført til dets vanskeligheder
b)
en beskrivelse af de foranstaltninger, der skal træffes til genoprettelse af levedygtigheden på længere sigt for et institut eller en enhed, der er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
c)
en tidsplan for gennemførelsen af disse foranstaltninger.
6.   Foranstaltninger til genoprettelse af levedygtigheden på lang sigt af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), kan omfatte:
a)
omlægning af aktiviteterne i instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
b)
ændringer af de operationelle systemer og infrastrukturen i instituttet
c)
tilbagetrækning fra tabsgivende aktiviteter
d)
sanering af eksisterende aktiviteter, der kan gøres konkurrencedygtige
e)
salg af aktiver eller af forretningsområder.
7.   Senest en måned efter fremlæggelsen af virksomhedsomlægningsplanen vurderer den relevante afviklingsmyndighed sandsynligheden for, at planen, såfremt den gennemføres, vil genoprette levedygtigheden på lang sigt af instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d). Vurderingen foretages efter aftale med den relevante kompetente myndighed.
Finder afviklingsmyndigheden og den kompetente myndighed, at planen må anses for at opfylde denne målsætning, godkender afviklingsmyndigheden planen.
8.   Finder afviklingsmyndigheden ikke, at planen må anses for at opfylde målsætningen omhandlet i stk. 7, giver den efter aftale med den kompetente myndighed ledelsesorganet eller den personer eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, meddelelse om sine indsigelser og anmoder om, at planen ændres på en sådan måde, at der tages hensyn til disse indsigelser.
9.   Senest to uger efter modtagelse af meddelelsen omhandlet i stk. 8 fremlægger ledelsesorganet eller den person eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, en ændret plan for afviklingsmyndigheden med henblik på godkendelse. Afviklingsmyndigheden vurderer den ændrede plan og giver senest en uge efter ledelsesorganet eller den person eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, meddelelse om, hvorvidt den finder, at den ændrede plan tager behørigt hensyn til de meddelte indsigelser, eller om der kræves yderligere ændringer.
10.   Ledelsesorganet eller den person eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, gennemfører omlægningsplanen, som godkendt af afviklingsmyndigheden og den kompetente myndighed, og aflægger rapport til afviklingsmyndigheden mindst hver sjette måned om, hvorledes planens gennemførelse forløber.
11.   Ledelsesorganet eller den person eller de personer, der er udpeget i henhold til artikel 72, stk. 1, reviderer planen, hvis det efter afviklingsmyndighedens opfattelse og efter aftale med den kompetente myndighed er nødvendigt for at opfylde den i stk. 4 omhandlede målsætning, og fremlægger en sådan revision for afviklingsmyndigheden med henblik på godkendelse.
12.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere:
a)
de elementer, der mindst skal være omfattet af en virksomhedsomlægningsplan i henhold til stk. 5, og
b)
minimumsindholdet af de rapporter, der kræves i henhold til stk. 10.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. januar 2016.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
13.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. januar 2016 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 med henblik på at præcisere de minimumskriterier, som en virksomhedsomlægningsplan skal opfylde for at blive godkendt af afviklingsmyndigheden i henhold til stk. 7.
14.   Idet der, hvor det er relevant, tages højde for de erfaringer, der er gjort i forbindelse med anvendelsen af de i stk. 13 omhandlede retningslinjer, kan EBA udarbejde udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere de minimumskriterier, som en virksomhedsomlægningsplan skal opfylde for at blive godkendt af afviklingsmyndigheden i overensstemmelse med stk. 7.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelser til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Underafdeling 4
»Bail-in«-værktøjet: supplerende bestemmelser
Artikel 53
Virkninger af en bail-in
1.   Anvender en afviklingsmyndighed en beføjelse som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 2, og artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e)-i), sikrer medlemsstaterne, at nedbringelsen af hovedstolen eller det udestående beløb, konverteringen eller opsigelsen træder i kraft og er bindende med øjeblikkelig virkning for det institut, der er under afvikling, samt de berørte kreditorer og aktionærer.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndigheden har beføjelse til at afslutte eller kræve afslutning af alle administrative og proceduremæssige foranstaltninger, som er nødvendige for at kunne udøve en beføjelse som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 2, og artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e)-i), herunder:
a)
ændring af alle relevante registre
b)
fjernelse fra lister eller fjernelse fra handelen med aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller gældsinstrumenter
c)
optagelse på lister eller optagelse til handel af nye aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
d)
genoptagelse på lister eller genoptagelse til handel af gældsinstrumenter, som er nedskrevet, uden krav om udarbejdelse af et prospekt i henhold til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2003/71/EF 
(
32
)
.
3.   Nedbringer en afviklingsmyndighed hovedstolen af et passiv eller det udestående beløb, der skal erlægges i forhold til et passiv, til nul ved anvendelse af den i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e), omhandlede beføjelse, behandles dette passiv eller enhver forpligtelse eller krav hidrørende herfra, som ikke er opstået på det tidspunkt, hvor beføjelsen anvendes, som værende afviklet i alle henseender, og der skal ikke erlægges bevis herfor i nogen efterfølgende procedure vedrørende instituttet under afvikling eller noget efterfølgende enhed i nogen efterfølgende likvidation.
4.   Nedbringer en afviklingsmyndighed hovedstolen af et passiv eller det udestående beløb, der skal erlægges i forhold til et passiv, delvis men ikke fuldstændigt ved anvendelse af den i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e), omhandlede beføjelse:
a)
afvikles passivet i samme omfang som det nedbragte beløb
b)
finder det relevante instrument eller den relevante aftale, der ligger til grund for den oprindelige forpligtelse, fortsat anvendelse i forhold til resthovedstolen af passivet eller det udestående beløb, der skal erlægges i forhold til passivet, med forbehold af enhver ændring af de påløbne rentebeløb for at afspejle nedbringelsen af hovedstolen og enhver yderligere ændring af betingelserne, som afviklingsmyndigheden måtte foretage i kraft af den i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra j), omhandlede beføjelse.
Artikel 54
Fjernelse af proceduremæssige hindringer for bail-in
1.   Med forbehold af artikel 63, stk. 1, litra i), pålægger medlemsstaterne, hvor det er relevant, institutterne og enhederne som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), til enhver tid at besidde tilstrækkelig registreret aktiekapital eller andre egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter, således at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), såfremt afviklingsmyndigheden udøver de i artikel 63, stk. 1, litra e) og f), omhandlede beføjelser i forhold til et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller et af dets eller dens datterselskaber, ikke forhindres i at udstede tilstrækkelige nye aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter til at sikre en effektiv gennemførelse af konverteringen af passiver til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter.
2.   Afviklingsmyndighederne vurderer, om det er hensigtsmæssigt at pålægge det i stk. 1 fastsatte krav i forhold til et bestemt institut eller en bestemt enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), og inden for rammerne af udarbejdelsen og videreførelsen af afviklingsplanen for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende koncern, særlig under hensyntagen til de i denne plan omhandlede afviklingshandlinger. Omfatter afviklingsplanen en eventuel anvendelse af bail-in-værktøjet, kontrollerer afviklingsmyndighederne, at selskabskapitalen eller andre egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter er tilstrækkelige til at dække summen af de i artikel 47, stk. 3, litra b) og c), omhandlede beløb.
3.   Medlemsstaterne skal sikre, at der ikke er nogen proceduremæssige hindringer for konverteringen af passiver til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, som måtte forefindes i deres vedtægter, herunder fortegningsrettigheder for aktionærer eller krav om aktionærers samtykke til en udvidelse af kapitalen.
4.   Nærværende artikel berører ikke ændringerne til direktiv 82/891/EØF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU og direktiv 2012/30/EU som anført i afsnit X i dette direktiv.
Artikel 55
Kontraktmæssig anerkendelse af bail-in
1.   Medlemsstaterne pålægger institutterne og de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), omhandlede enheder at indføre en bestemmelse, hvormed kreditor eller en part i aftalen, i henhold til hvilken passivet oprettes, anerkender, at forpligtelsen kan gøres til genstand for nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser, og indvilger i at være bundet af enhver nedbringelse af hovedstolen eller det udestående beløb, konvertering eller opsigelse/mortificering, der berøres af afviklingsmyndighedens udøvelse af disse beføjelser forudsat at dette passiv:
a)
ikke er udelukket efter artikel 44, stk. 2
b)
ikke er et indskud som omhandlet i artikel 108, litra a)
c)
er omfattet af lovgivningen i et tredjeland, og
d)
er udstedt eller indgået efter den dato på hvilken, medlemsstaterne anvender de med henblik på gennemførelse af denne afdeling vedtagne bestemmelser,.
Første afsnit finder ikke anvendelse, hvis en medlemsstats afviklingsmyndighed bestemmer, at de i første afsnit omhandlede forpligtelser eller instrumenter kan gøres til genstand for nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser, der udøves af afviklingsmyndigheden i en medlemsstat i overensstemmelse med tredjelandets lovgivning eller med en bindende aftale, der er indgået med det pågældende tredjeland.
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan pålægge institutter og enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), at forelægge myndighederne en juridisk udtalelse om en sådan bestemmelses retlige eksigibilitet og virkning.
2.   Undlader et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), i kontraktbestemmelserne vedrørende et nedskrivningsrelevant passiv at indsætte en bestemmelse som krævet i overensstemmelse med stk. 1, forhindrer dette ikke afviklingsmyndigheden i at udøve nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelserne i forhold til dette passiv.
3.   EBA udarbejder under hensyntagen til de berørte bankers forskellige forretningsmodeller et udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på yderligere at fastlægge listen over forpligtelser, som undtagelsen i stk. 1 finder anvendelse på, og indholdet af de i stk. 1 omhandlede kontraktsbestemmelser.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 56
Offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsinstrumenter
1.   Medlemsstaterne kan yde ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige gennem supplerende finansielle stabiliseringsinstrumenter i overensstemmelse med stk. 3 i nærværende artikel, artikel 37, stk. 10, og Unionens statsstøtteregler med henblik på at deltage i afviklingen af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), herunder ved at gribe direkte ind for at forhindre en likvidation heraf i overensstemmelse med afviklingsmålene omhandlet i artikel 31, stk. 2, i forhold til medlemsstaten eller Unionen som helhed. En sådan foranstaltning gennemføres af medlemsstaten eller under ledelse af det kompetente ministerium eller forvaltningen i nært samarbejde med afviklingsmyndigheden.
2.   Med henblik på anvendelsen af de offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsinstrumenter sikrer medlemsstaterne, at deres kompetente ministerier eller forvaltninger er i besiddelse af de i artikel 63-72 omhandlede afviklingsbeføjelser, og sikrer, at artikel 66, 68, 83 og 117 finder anvendelse.
3.   De offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsinstrumenter anvendes efter afgørelse fra den kompetente ministerium eller forvaltningen efter høring af afviklingsmyndigheden som en sidste udvej, efter at de øvrige afviklingsværktøjer i videst muligt omfang er blevet vurderet og udnyttet, samtidig med, at den finansielle stabilitet er blevet opretholdt.
4.   Når medlemsstaterne anvender de offentlige finansielle stabiliseringsmekanismer, sikrer de, at de eller deres kompetente ministerier eller forvaltninger og afviklingsmyndigheden kun anvender mekanismerne, hvis alle betingelserne i artikel 32, stk. 1, såvel som én af følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
det kompetente ministerium eller den kompetente forvaltning og afviklingsmyndigheden har efter høring af centralbanken og den kompetente myndighed fastslået, at anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer ikke ville være tilstrækkelig til at undgå betydelige negative virkninger for finansiel stabilitet
b)
det kompetente ministerium eller den kompetente forvaltning og afviklingsmyndigheden fastslår, at anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer ikke ville være tilstrækkelig til at beskytte samfundets interesser, når instituttet tidligere har modtaget ekstraordinær likviditetsstøtte fra centralbanken
c)
for så vidt angår mekanismen med midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab, fastslår det kompetente ministerium eller den relevante forvaltning efter høring af den kompetente myndighed og afviklingsmyndigheden, at anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer ikke ville være tilstrækkelig til at beskytte offentlighedens interesse, når der tidligere er ydet instituttet offentlig kapitalstøtte via kapitalstøttemekanismen.
5.   De finansielle stabiliseringsværktøjer omfatter følgende:
a)
et værktøj for tilførsel af offentlig egenkapital som omhandlet i artikel 57
b)
et værktøj for midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab som omhandlet i artikel 58.
Artikel 57
Værktøj for tilførsel af offentlig egenkapital
1.   Medlemsstaterne kan under overholdelse af bestemmelserne i den nationale selskabsret deltage i rekapitaliseringen af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), ved at stille kapital til rådighed for disse til gengæld for følgende værktøjer, som er underlagt kravene i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013:
a)
egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter
b)
hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter eller supplerende kapitalinstrumenter.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, i det omfang deres indskud i et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), tillader det, at sådanne institutter eller enheder, der modtager kapitaltilførsel via værktøjet for tilførsel af offentlig egenkapital i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, ledes efter forretningsmæssige og professionelle principper.
3.   Foretager en medlemsstat en kapitaltilførsel via værktøjet for tilførsel af offentlig egenkapital i henhold til nærværende artikel, sikrer den, at dens indskud i instituttet eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), overføres til den private sektor, så snart de forretningsmæssige og finansielle forhold tillader det.
Artikel 58
Værktøj for midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab
1.   Medlemsstaterne kan tage midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab over et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d).
2.   Til dette formål kan en medlemsstat foretage en eller flere aktieoverførsler til:
a)
en person, der er udpeget af medlemsstaten, eller
b)
et selskab, der fuldt ud ejes af medlemsstaten.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at institutter eller enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der er underlagt værktøjet for midlertidigt offentligt ejerskab i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, ledes efter forretningsmæssige og professionelle principper, og at de overføres til den private sektor, så snart de forretningsmæssige og finansielle forhold tillader det.
KAPITEL V
Gældsnedskrivning af kapitalinstrumenter
Artikel 59
Krav om nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter
1.   Beføjelsen til at nedskrive eller konvertere relevante kapitalinstrumenter kan udøves enten:
a)
uafhængigt af afviklingshandlinger, eller
b)
kombineret med en afviklingshandling, når betingelserne for afvikling i artikel 32 og 33 er opfyldt.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at nedskrive eller konvertere de relevante kapitalinstrumenter til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i institutter og enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d).
3.   Medlemsstaterne skal stille krav om, at afviklingsmyndighederne straks anvender deres nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelse, jf. artikel 60, i forhold til relevante kapitalinstrumenter, som er udstedt af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), når et eller flere af følgende forhold er gældende:
a)
hvis det er blevet konstateret, at de i artikel 32 og 33 omhandlede betingelser for afvikling er opfyldt, før der træffes nogen afviklingshandling
b)
hvis den ansvarlige myndighed konstaterer, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), ikke længere vil være levedygtigt eller levedygtig, medmindre beføjelsen anvendes i forhold til de relevante kapitalinstrumenter
c)
ved relevante kapitalinstrumenter, som er udstedt af et datterselskab, og som anses for at opfylde kravene til kapitalgrundlag på et individuelt og konsolideret grundlag, foretager den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed er etableret, og den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor datterselskabet er etableret, en fælles konstatering i form af en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 92, stk. 3 og 4, om, at koncernen ikke længere vil være levedygtig, medmindre nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen anvendes i forhold til disse instrumenter
d)
ved relevante kapitalinstrumenter, som er udstedt på moderselskabsniveau, og som anses for at opfylde kravene til kapitalgrundlag på individuelt grundlag på moderselskabsniveau eller på konsolideret grundlag, og den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed er etableret, konstaterer, at koncernen ikke længere vil være levedygtig, medmindre nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen anvendes i forhold til disse instrumenter
e)
instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), kræver ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige, bortset fra når nogen af de i artikel 32, stk. 4, litra d), nr. iii), omhandlede omstændigheder gør sig gældende.
4.   Med henblik på nærværende artikels stk. 3 anses et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller en koncern kun for ikke længere at være levedygtig(t), hvis følgende to betingelser begge er opfyldt:
a)
instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller koncernen er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende
b)
under hensyntagen til tidsfaktoren og andre relevante omstændigheder ser det ikke ud til, at nogen anden foranstaltning, herunder andre foranstaltninger iværksat af den private sektor eller en tilsynsmyndighed (bl.a. tidlig indgriben), end nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter, enten uafhængigt eller kombineret med en afviklingshandling, inden for en passende tidshorisont vil kunne forhindre, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller koncernen bliver nødlidende.
5.   Med henblik på nærværende artikels stk. 4, litra a), anses et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), for at være nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, hvis instituttet eller enheden befinder sig i en eller flere af de situationer, der er omhandlet i artikel 32, stk. 4.
6.   Med henblik på stk. 4, litra a), anses en koncern for at være nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, når koncernen overtræder, eller der er objektive faktorer, der støtter en vurdering af, at koncernen i nær fremtid vil overtræde de konsoliderede tilsynskrav på en måde, der berettiger, at den kompetente myndighed træffer foranstaltninger, bl.a. men ikke kun fordi koncernen har lidt eller sandsynligvis vil lide tab, som opsluger hele eller en betydelig del af dets kapitalgrundlag.
7.   Et datterselskabs relevante kapitalinstrument nedskrives eller konverteres ikke i henhold til stk. 3, litra c), i større omfang eller på ringere betingelser end kapitalinstrumenter af samme rang på moderselskabsniveau, der er blevet nedskrevet eller konverteret.
8.   Foretager en ansvarlig myndighed en konstatering som omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 3, skal den straks underrette den afviklingsmyndighed, der er ansvarlig for det pågældende institut eller den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) omhandlede enhed, hvis det ikke er den samme myndighed.
9.   Inden den ansvarlige myndighed foretager en konstatering som omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 3, litra c), i forhold til et datterselskab, der udsteder relevante kapitalinstrumenter, som anses for at opfylde kravene til kapitalgrundlag på et individuelt og konsolideret grundlag, skal den opfylde kravene om underretning og høring som fastsat i artikel 62.
10.   Inden afviklingsmyndigheder udøver deres beføjelse til at nedskrive eller konvertere kapitalinstrumenter, sikrer de, at der foretages en værdiansættelse af de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede institutters eller enheders aktiver og passiver i overensstemmelse med artikel 36. Denne værdiansættelse danner grundlaget for beregningen af den nedskrivning, der skal anvendes på de relevante kapitalinstrumenter for at dække tab, og den konvertering, der skal anvendes på de relevante kapitalinstrumenter for at rekapitalisere instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d).
Artikel 60
Bestemmelser om nedskrivning eller konvertering af kapitalinstrumenter
1.   Afviklingsmyndighederne skal i forbindelse med opfyldelsen af kravene fastsat i artikel 59 udøve nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen efter prioritetsordenen ved almindelig insolvensbehandling på en måde, der giver følgende resultater:
a)
egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter nedbringes først i forhold til tabene og inden for rammerne af deres kapacitet. Afviklingsmyndigheden træffer en eller flere af foranstaltningerne i artikel 47, stk. 1, vedrørende ejerne af egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter
b)
hovedstolen af hybride kernekapitalinstrumenter nedskrives eller konverteres til egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter i det omfang, der er nødvendigt for at opfylde de i artikel 31 anførte afviklingsmål eller for inden for rammerne af de relevante kapitalinstrumenters kapacitet, alt efter hvad der er lavest
c)
hovedstolen af supplerende kapitalinstrumenter nedskrives eller konverteres til egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter i det omfang, der er nødvendigt for at opfylde de i artikel 31 anførte afviklingsmål eller for inden for rammerne af de relevante kapitalinstrumenters kapacitet, alt efter hvad der er lavest.
2.   Når hovedstolen af et relevant kapitalinstrument nedskrives:
a)
skal nedbringelsen af hovedstolen være permanent, dog med forbehold af eventuel opskrivning i overensstemmelse med refusionsordningen i artikel 46, stk. 3
b)
er der ikke længere nogen forpligtelse over for ejeren af det relevante kapitalinstrument under eller i forbindelse med det nedskrevne instruments beløb, undtagen for enhver forpligtelse, som allerede fandtes, og enhver forpligtelse til skadeserstatning, som kan opstå som følge af en påklage vedrørende lovligheden af udøvelsen af nedskrivningsbeføjelsen
c)
betales der ingen anden kompensation til en ejer af de relevante kapitalinstrumenter end den i henhold til stk. 3.
Litra b) er ikke til hinder for ydelse af egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter til en ejer af relevante kapitalinstrumenter i henhold til stk. 3.
3.   Med henblik på en konvertering af relevante kapitalinstrumenter i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 1, litra b), kan afviklingsmyndighederne kræve, at de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), omhandlede institutter og enheder udsteder egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter til ejerne af de relevante kapitalinstrumenter. De relevante kapitalinstrumenter kan kun konverteres, når følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
disse egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter er udstedt af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller af et moderselskab til et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), med godkendelse af afviklingsmyndigheden for et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller, hvor det er relevant, af moderselskabets afviklingsmyndighed
b)
disse egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter er udstedt forud for dette instituts eller denne enheds, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), udstedelse af aktier eller ejerskabsinstrumenter med henblik på kapitalgrundlagsindskud fra staten eller en offentlig enhed.
c)
disse egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter tildeles og overføres straks efter anvendelsen af konverteringsbeføjelsen
d)
konverteringssatsen, der bestemmer antallet af egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter, som leveres i forhold til hvert relevant kapitalinstrument, opfylder principperne i artikel 50 og enhver retningslinje, der er udviklet af EBA i henhold til artikel 50, stk. 4.
4.   Med henblik på leveringen af egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter i overensstemmelse med stk. 3 kan afviklingsmyndighederne pålægge institutter og enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), til enhver tid at være i besiddelse af den nødvendige tilladelse til at udstede det relevante antal egentlige kernekapitalinstrumenter.
5.   Opfylder et institut betingelserne for afvikling, og beslutter afviklingsmyndigheden at anvende et afviklingsværktøj for dette institut, skal afviklingsmyndigheden opfylde kravet fastsat i artikel 59, stk. 3, inden det relevante afviklingsværktøj anvendes.
Artikel 61
Myndigheder, der foretager konstatering
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for at foretage konstateringer som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, er de myndigheder, der er fastsat i nærværende artikel.
2.   Hver medlemsstat udpeger i nationale ret den myndighed, der er ansvarlig for at foretage konstateringer i henhold til artikel 59. Den ansvarlige myndighed kan være den kompetente myndighed eller afviklingsmyndigheden, jf. artikel 32.
3.   Anses de relevante kapitalinstrumenter for at opfylde kravene til kapitalgrundlag i overensstemmelse med artikel 92 i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 på et individuelt grundlag, er den myndighed, som er ansvarlig for at foretage den i artikel 59, stk. 3, anførte konstatering, den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er blevet godkendt i henhold til afsnit III i direktiv 2013/36/EU.
4.   Er de relevante kapitalinstrumenter udstedt af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), som er et datterselskab, og anses de for at opfylde kravene kapitalgrundlag på et individuelt og på et konsolideret grundlag, er den myndighed, som er ansvarlig for at foretage konstateringer som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, følgende:
a)
den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), som har udstedt disse instrumenter, er blevet etableret i henhold til afsnit III i direktiv 2013/36/EU, skal være ansvarlig for at foretage de i artikel 59, stk. 3, litra b), i nærværende direktiv anførte konstateringer
b)
den ansvarlige myndighed i den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheds medlemsstat og den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), der har udstedt disse instrumenter, er blevet etableret i henhold til afsnit III i direktiv 2013/36/EU, skal være ansvarlig for den fælles konstatering i form af en fælles afgørelse som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 59, stk. 3, litra c).
Artikel 62
Konsolideret anvendelse: procedure for konstatering
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de ansvarlige myndigheder, inden der foretages en konstatering som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, litra b), c), d eller e), i forhold til et datterselskab, der udsteder relevante kapitalinstrumenter, som anses for at opfylde kravene til kapitalgrundlags på et individuelt og på et konsolideret grundlag, opfylder følgende betingelser:
a)
en ansvarlig myndighed, der overvejer at foretage en konstatering som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, litra b), c), d) eller e), skal straks underrette den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og, hvis der er tale om en anden myndighed, den ansvarlige myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvor den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed befinder sig.
b)
en ansvarlig myndighed, der overvejer at foretage en konstatering som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, litra c), skal straks underrette den kompetente myndighed, der er ansvarlig for hvert institut eller enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), som har udstedt de relevante kapitalinstrumenter, for hvilke nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen vil blive anvendt, hvis denne konstatering foretages, og hvis der er tale om en anden myndighed, de ansvarlige myndigheder i de medlemsstater, hvor disse kompetente myndigheder og de konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheder befinder sig.
2.   De ansvarlige myndigheder skal, når de foretager en konstatering som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3, litra c), d) eller e), i tilfælde af et institut eller af en koncern med grænseoverskridende aktiviteter tage hensyn til afviklingens potentielle virkninger i alle de medlemsstater, hvor instituttet eller koncernen er aktive.
3.   En ansvarlig myndighed skal sammen med en meddelelse i henhold til stk. 1 forelægge en begrundelse for, hvorfor den overvejer at foretage den pågældende konstatering.
4.   Er der indgivet meddelelse i henhold til stk. 1, skal den ansvarlige myndighed efter høring af de myndigheder, som er blevet underrettet, foretage en vurdering af følgende:
a)
hvorvidt der findes en alternativ foranstaltning til anvendelsen af nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen i henhold til artikel 59, stk. 3
b)
hvorvidt en sådan alternativ foranstaltning anses for at kunne anvendes i praksis
c)
såfremt en sådan alternativ foranstaltning anses for at kunne anvendes i praksis, hvorvidt der er realistisk udsigt til, at den inden for en passende tidsfrist vil kunne løse de problemer, som ellers vil kræve en konstatering som omhandlet i artikel 59, stk. 3.
5.   I forbindelse med stk. 4 i nærværende artikel skal der ved »alternative foranstaltninger« forstås foranstaltninger til tidlig indgriben som omhandlet i artikel 27 i dette direktiv, foranstaltninger som omhandlet i artikel 104, stk. 1, i direktiv 2013/36/EU eller overførsel af midler eller kapital fra moderselskabet.
6.   Finder den ansvarlige myndighed efter høring af de underrettede myndigheder i henhold til stk. 4, at der findes en eller flere alternative foranstaltninger, at de kan anvendes i praksis og at de vil give et resultat som omhandlet i litra c) i nævnte stykke, skal den sikre, at disse foranstaltninger anvendes.
7.   Finder den ansvarlige myndighed i et tilfælde som omhandlet i stk. 1, litra a), efter høring af de underrettede myndigheder i henhold til stk. 4, at der ikke findes nogen alternativ foranstaltning, som vil give et resultat som omhandlet i stk. 4, litra c), skal den ansvarlige myndighed beslutte, hvorvidt den konstatering, jf. artikel 59, stk. 3, der overvejes, er passende.
8.   Når en ansvarlig myndighed beslutter at foretage en konstatering i henhold til artikel 59, stk. 3, litra c), underretter den straks de ansvarlige myndigheder i de medlemsstater, hvor de berørte datterselskaber er beliggende, og konstateringen skal tage form af en fælles afgørelse som omhandlet i artikel 92, stk. 3 og 4. Foreligger der ikke en fælles afgørelse, skal der ikke foretages en konstatering i henhold til artikel 59, stk. 3, litra c).
9.   Afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor de enkelte berørte datterselskaber ligger, skal straks gennemføre en afgørelse om at nedskrive eller konvertere kapitalinstrumenter, der er truffet i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, under behørig hensyntagen til de hastende omstændigheder i den pågældende situation.
KAPITEL VI
Afviklingsbeføjelser
Artikel 63
Generelle beføjelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har alle de nødvendige beføjelser til at anvende afviklingsværktøjerne over for institutter og enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), der opfylder de relevante betingelser for afvikling. Navnlig anvender afviklingsmyndighederne følgende afviklingsbeføjelser, som de kan anvende enkeltvis eller kombineret:
a)
beføjelsen til at pålægge enhver person at indgive de oplysninger, der kræves for, at afviklingsmyndigheden kan træffe afgørelse og udarbejde en afviklingsplan, herunder ajourføringer og supplerende oplysninger, der indgår i afviklingsplanerne, og krav om, at der gives oplysninger ved inspektioner på stedet
b)
beføjelsen til at tage kontrollen over et institut under afvikling og udøve alle de rettigheder og beføjelser, der tillægges instituttets aktionærer, andre ejere og ledelsesorganet i det pågældende institut
c)
beføjelsen til at overføre aktier og andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der udstedes af et institut under afvikling
d)
beføjelsen til at overføre rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver i et institut under afvikling til en anden enhed med enhedens samtykke
e)
beføjelsen til at nedbringe, herunder til nul, hovedstolen eller det udestående beløb, der skal erlægges i forhold til de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i et institut under afvikling
f)
beføjelsen til at konvertere nedskrivningsrelevante passiver i et institut under afvikling til ordinære aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i dette institut eller i denne enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), et relevant moderinstitut eller et broinstitut, hvortil aktiverne, rettighederne eller passiverne i instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) overføres
g)
beføjelsen til at annullere gældsinstrumenter, der er udstedt af et institut under afvikling, dog ikke sikrede passiver omfattet af artikel 44, stk. 2
h)
beføjelsen til at nedbringe, herunder til nul, den nominelle værdi af aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i et institut under afvikling og til at annullere sådanne aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
i)
beføjelsen til at pålægge et institut under afvikling eller et relevant moderselskab at udstede nye aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller andre kapitalinstrumenter, herunder præferenceaktier og betingede konvertible instrumenter
j)
beføjelsen til at ændre eller omlægge løbetiden for gældsinstrumenter og andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver, der er udstedt af et institut under afvikling, eller ændre det påløbne rentebeløb for sådanne instrumenter og andre nedskrivningsrelevante passiver eller datoen for renteudbetalingen, herunder ved at suspendere betalingen midlertidigt, dog ikke sikrede passiver omfattet af artikel 44, stk. 2
k)
beføjelsen til at afslutte og opsige finansielle kontrakter eller derivataftaler med henblik på anvendelsen af artikel 49
l)
beføjelsen til at fjerne eller erstatte ledelsesorganet og den daglige ledelse i et institut under afvikling
m)
beføjelsen til at kræve, at den kompetente myndighed vurderer køberen af en kvalificeret deltagelse rettidigt ved hjælp af en undtagelse fra tidsfristerne fastsat i artikel 22 i direktiv 2013/36/EU og artikel 12 i direktiv 2014/65/EU.
2.   Medlemsstaterne skal iværksætte alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighederne ved anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser ikke er underlagt nogen af følgende krav, der ellers måtte finde anvendelse i henhold til national ret, en kontrakt eller lignende:
a)
med forbehold af artikel 3, stk. 6, og artikel 85, stk. 1, krav om at opnå godkendelse eller samtykke fra bestemte personer, enten offentlige eller private, herunder aktionærer eller kreditorer i instituttet under afvikling
b)
forud for udøvelse af beføjelsen, proceduremæssige krav om at underrette bestemte personer, herunder krav om at offentliggøre en meddelelse eller et prospekt eller arkivere eller registrere dokumenter hos en anden myndighed.
Medlemsstaterne sikrer navnlig, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan udøve beføjelserne i henhold til nærværende artikel, uanset enhver begrænsning af eller ethvert krav om samtykke for overførslen af de pågældende finansielle instrumenter, rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver, der ellers måtte finde anvendelse.
Første afsnit, litra b), berører ikke kravene fastsat i artikel 81 og 83 og ethvert underretningskrav i henhold til Unionens statsstøtteregler.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndigheder, i det omfang en af beføjelserne i nærværende artikels stk. 1 som følge af den specifikke retlige form af en enhed, der er omfattet af artikel 1, stk. 1, ikke finder anvendelse på denne enhed, har beføjelser, der er så ens som muligt, herunder med hensyn til deres konsekvenser.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at når afviklingsmyndighederne udøver beføjelserne i stk. 3, skal sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne i dette direktiv eller sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, der har samme virkning, finde anvendelse på de berørte personer, herunder aktionærer, kreditorer og modparter.
Artikel 64
Supplerende beføjelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne ved udøvelsen af deres afviklingsbeføjelser har beføjelse til:
a)
at sørge for, at der finder en overførsel sted uden nogen form for forpligtelse eller hæftelse, der påvirker de overførte finansielle instrumenter, rettigheder, aktiver eller passiver, jf. dog artikel 78; med henblik herpå betragtes enhver ret til kompensation i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv ikke som en forpligtelse eller hæftelse
b)
at fjerne rettigheder til at erhverve yderligere aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter
c)
at kræve, at den pågældende myndighed afbryder eller suspenderer optagelsen til handel på et reguleret marked eller optagelsen til officiel notering af finansielle instrumenter i henhold til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/34/EF 
(
33
)
d)
at sørge for, at den modtagende part behandles, som om den var instituttet under afvikling for så vidt angår alle rettigheder eller forpligtelser, der gælder for instituttet under afvikling, eller foranstaltninger iværksat af instituttet under afvikling, herunder, jf. artikel 38 og 40, rettigheder eller forpligtelser vedrørende deltagelse i en markedsinfrastruktur
e)
at pålægge instituttet under afvikling eller den modtagende part at udveksle oplysninger og yde hinanden bistand, og
f)
at ophæve eller ændre betingelserne i en kontrakt, som kreditinstituttet under afvikling har indgået, eller at erstatte en modtagende part som part.
2.   Afviklingsmyndigheder kan kun udøve de i stk. 1 anførte beføjelser, når de anser det for nødvendigt for at sikre en effektiv afviklingshandling eller for at opfylde en eller flere afviklingsmålsætninger.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne ved udøvelsen af en afviklingsbeføjelse har beføjelse til at sørge for de nødvendige kontinuitetsforanstaltninger til at sikre en effektiv afviklingshandling, og i givet fald at modtageren kan drive den overførte virksomhed. Sådanne kontinuitetsforanstaltninger omfatter navnlig følgende:
a)
videreførelsen af kontrakter, som instituttet under afvikling har indgået, således at modtageren påtager sig alle rettigheder og forpligtelser fra instituttet under afvikling vedrørende ethvert finansielt instrument, enhver rettighed, ethvert aktiv eller ethvert passiv, som er blevet overført og udtrykkeligt eller stiltiende er indsat i stedet for instituttet under afvikling i alle relevante kontraktmæssige dokumenter
b)
indsættelse af modtageren i stedet for instituttet under afvikling i enhver retslig procedure vedrørende ethvert finansielt instrument, enhver rettighed, ethvert aktiv eller ethvert passiv, som er blevet overført.
4.   Beføjelserne i stk. 1, litra d), og i stk. 3, litra b), berører ikke følgende:
a)
retten for en medarbejder i instituttet under afvikling til at opsige en ansættelseskontrakt
b)
med forbehold af artikel 69, 70 og 71 enhver ret for en part i en kontrakt til at udøve de rettigheder, der følger af kontrakten, herunder retten til at opsige kontrakten, når der gives mulighed for dette i henhold til kontraktvilkårene som følge af en handling eller en udeladelse af instituttet under afvikling forud for den relevante overførsel eller af modtageren efter den relevante overførsel.
Artikel 65
Beføjelse til at anmode om levering af tjenesteydelser og faciliteter
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at kræve, at et institut under afvikling eller nogen af dets koncernenheder, stiller enhver tjenesteydelse eller facilitet til rådighed, som er nødvendig for at give en modtager mulighed for på effektiv vis at drive den virksomhed, som overføres.
Første afsnit finder også anvendelse, når instituttet under afvikling eller den relevante koncernenhed har indledt almindelig insolvensbehandling.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at deres afviklingsmyndigheder har beføjelse til over for afviklingsmyndigheder i andre medlemsstater at håndhæve de forpligtelser, der i henhold til stk. 1 påhviler koncernenheder, som er etableret på deres område.
3.   De i stk. 1 og 2 anførte tjenesteydelser og faciliteter er begrænset til operationelle tjenesteydelser og faciliteter, og de omfatter således ikke nogen form for finansiel støtte.
4.   De i stk. 1 og 2 anførte tjenesteydelser og faciliteter leveres på følgende betingelser:
a)
på samme betingelser, når tjenesteydelserne og faciliteterne blev leveret til instituttet under afvikling i henhold til en aftale, umiddelbart før afviklingshandlingen blev iværksat, og så længe aftalen varer
b)
på rimelige betingelser, hvis der ikke findes nogen aftale, eller hvis aftalen er udløbet.
5.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at angive minimumslisten over de tjenesteydelser eller faciliteter, som er nødvendige for at give en modtager mulighed for på effektiv vis at drive en virksomhed, som overføres til den.
Artikel 66
Beføjelse til at håndhæve krisestyringsforanstaltninger eller kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltninger i andre medlemsstater
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, når en overførsel af aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver omfatter aktiver, der befinder sig i en anden medlemsstat end den medlemsstat, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden har kompetence, eller rettigheder eller passiver, der er omfattet af lovgivningen i en anden medlemsstat end den medlemsstat, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden har kompetence, at overførslen er gyldig i henhold til lovgivningen i denne anden medlemsstat.
2.   Medlemsstaterne giver den afviklingsmyndighed, der har foretaget eller agter at foretage overførslen, enhver passende støtte med henblik på at sikre, at aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter eller aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver overføres til modtageren i henhold til ethvert gældende nationalt lovkrav.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at aktionærer, kreditorer og tredjemænd, der er berørt af overførslen af aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver som omhandlet i stk. 1, ikke kan forhindre, bestride eller tilsidesætte overførslen i henhold til en lovbestemmelse i den medlemsstat, hvor aktiverne befinder sig, eller i henhold til den lov, der finder anvendelse på aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, rettigheder eller passiver.
4.   Udøver en afviklingsmyndighed i en medlemsstat (medlemsstat A) en nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelse, herunder i forhold til kapitalinstrumenter i overensstemmelse med artikel 59, og omfatter de nedskrivningsrelevante passiver eller de relevante kapitalinstrumenter i instituttet under afvikling følgende:
a)
instrumenter eller passiver, der er omfattet af loven i en anden medlemsstat end den medlemsstat, hvor den afviklingsmyndighed, som har udøvet nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelsen, er etableret (»medlemsstat B«)
b)
forpligtelser over for kreditorer, der befinder sig i medlemsstat B
sikrer medlemsstat B, at hovedstolen af disse forpligtelser eller instrumenter nedbringes, eller at forpligtelser eller instrumenter konverteres i overensstemmelse med, at afviklingsmyndigheden i medlemsstat A udøver sin nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelse.
5.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at kreditorer, som er berørt af udøvelsen af den i stk. 4 anførte nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelse, ikke kan anfægte nedbringelsen af hovedstolen af instrumentet eller passivet eller i givet fald konverteringen heraf i henhold til lovgivningen i medlemsstat B.
6.   Hver medlemsstat sikrer, at følgende fastsættes i overensstemmelse med lovgivningen i den medlemsstat, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden har kompetence:
a)
aktionærers, kreditorers og tredjemænds ret til ved påklage, jf. artikel 85, at anfægte en overførsel af aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver som anført i stk. 1 i nærværende artikel
b)
kreditorers ret til ved påklage, jf. artikel 85, at anfægte nedbringelsen af hovedstolen eller konverteringen af et instrument eller et passiv, der er omfattet af stk. 4, litra a) eller b), i nærværende artikel
c)
sikkerhedsforanstaltningerne for delvise overførsler, som krævet i kapitel VII, for så vidt angår aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver som anført i stk. 1.
Artikel 67
Beføjelse vedrørende aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver, aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, der befinder sig i tredjelande
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne i tilfælde, hvor en afviklingshandling omfatter en foranstaltning i forhold til aktiver, der befinder sig i et tredjeland, eller aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, rettigheder eller passiver, som er omfattet af lovgivningen i et tredjeland, kan anmode om følgende:
a)
at administrator, modtager eller enhver anden person, der udøver kontrol med instituttet under afvikling og det modtagende selskab, er pålagt at iværksætte alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til at sikre, at overførslen, nedskrivningen, konverteringen eller foranstaltningen træder i kraft
b)
at administrator, modtager eller enhver anden person, der udøver kontrol med instituttet under afvikling, er pålagt at forvalte aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver eller rettigheder eller afvikle passiverne på vegne af det modtagende selskab, indtil overførslen, nedskrivningen, konverteringen eller foranstaltningen træder i kraft
c)
at rimelige omkostninger for modtageren ved gennemførelsen af enhver foranstaltning som omhandlet i nærværende stykkes litra a) og b) afholdes på en af de i artikel 37, stk. 7, omhandlede måder.
2.   Hvis afviklingsmyndigheden vurderer, at det på trods af alle de nødvendige foranstaltninger, der er truffet af administratoren, modtageren eller en anden person i overensstemmelse med stk. 1a, er højst usandsynligt, at overførslen, konverteringen, eller foranstaltningen vil blive effektiv i forhold til visse aktiver, der befinder sig i tredjeland eller visse aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, rettigheder eller passiver, der er underlagt lovgivningen i et tredjeland, gennemfører afviklingsmyndigheden ikke overførslen, nedskrivningen, konverteringen eller foranstaltningen. Hvis den allerede har iværksat overførslen, nedskrivningen, konverteringen eller foranstaltningen, skal denne ordre betragtes som ugyldig for så vidt angår de pågældende aktiver, aktier, ejerskabsinstrumenter, rettigheder eller passiver.
Artikel 68
Udelukkelse af visse kontraktbestemmelser ved tidlig indgriben og afvikling
1.   En kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning, der er truffet overfor en enhed i overensstemmelse med nærværende direktiv, som omfatter enhver begivenhed, der er direkte forbundet med anvendelsen af en sådan foranstaltning, anses ikke i sig selv som en fyldestgørelsesgrund som omhandlet i direktiv 2002/47/EF ved en kontrakt indgået af enheden og ej heller som insolvensbehandling som omhandlet i direktiv 98/26/EF, forudsat at de materielle forpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten, herunder betalings- og leveringsforpligtelser og sikkerhedsstillelse, fortsat opfyldes.
Endvidere anses en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller krisestyringsforanstaltning ikke i sig selv som en fyldestgørelsesgrund eller som insolvensbehandling i forbindelse med en kontrakt, der er indgået af:
a)
et datterselskab af instituttet, som omfatter forpligtelser, der garanteres eller på anden vis understøttes af moderselskabet eller en hvilken som helst koncernenhed, eller
b)
en enhed i samme koncern som instituttet, der omfatter krydsklausuler.
2.   Hvis afviklingsprocedurer i et tredjeland anerkendes i henhold til artikel 94, eller hvis en afviklingsmyndighed i øvrigt beslutter sig herfor, udgør sådanne procedurer for så vidt angår nærværende artikel en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning.
3.   Forudsat at de materielle forpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten, herunder betalings- og leveringsforpligtelser og sikkerhedsstillelse, fortsat opfyldes, gør en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning, herunder enhver begivenhed, der er direkte forbundet med anvendelsen af en sådan foranstaltning, det ikke i sig selv muligt for nogen at:
a)
udøve nogen opsigelses-, suspensions-, ændrings-, netting- eller modregningsret, herunder i forbindelse med en kontrakt, der er indgået af
i)
et datterselskab, og hvor gennemførelsen af de heraf følgende forpligtelser garanteres eller på anden vis understøttes af koncernenheden
ii)
af en koncernenhed, der omfatter krydsklausuler (cross default)
b)
opnå besiddelse af, udøve kontrol over eller gøre en eventuel sikkerhed gældende i nogen ejendom tilhørende det berørte institut eller den berørte enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d) eller en koncernenhed i forbindelse med kontrakter, der omfatter krydsklausuler (cross default)
c)
påvirke nogen kontraktlig rettighed, som det berørte institut eller den berørte enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), har, eller en koncernenhed i forbindelse med kontrakter, der omfatter krydsklausuler (cross default).
4.   Denne artikel påvirker ikke en persons ret til at træffe en foranstaltning som omhandlet i stk. 3, hvis denne rettighed følger af en anden begivenhed end kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltningen, krisestyringsforanstaltningen eller en begivenhed, der er direkte forbundet med anvendelsen af en sådan foranstaltning.
5.   En suspension eller begrænsning i henhold til artikel 69, 70 eller 71 udgør ikke manglende opfyldelse af en kontraktlig forpligtelse med henblik på nærværende artikels stk. 1 og 2.
6.   Bestemmelserne i nærværende artikel betragtes som overordnede præceptive bestemmelser som defineret i artikel 9 i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 593/2008 
(
34
)
.
Artikel 69
Beføjelse til at suspendere visse forpligtelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at suspendere enhver betalings- eller leveringsforpligtelse i henhold til enhver kontrakt, som et institut under afvikling har indgået fra datoen for offentliggørelse af en meddelelse om suspension i henhold til artikel 83, stk. 4, frem til midnat i den medlemsstat, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden for instituttet under afvikling er etableret, på den første hverdag efter denne offentliggørelse.
2.   Såfremt en betalings- eller leveringsforpligtelse ville være forfaldet under suspensionsperioden, forfalder betalings- eller leveringsforpligtelsen umiddelbart efter suspensionsperiodens udløb.
3.   Hvis betalings- eller leveringsforpligtelserne i en kontrakt suspenderes for et institut under afvikling i henhold til stk. 1, suspenderes instituttets modparters betalings- eller leveringsforpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten i samme periode.
4.   En suspension i henhold til stk. 1 finder ikke anvendelse på:
a)
berettigede indskud
b)
betalings- og leveringsforpligtelser over for systemer eller systemansvarlige, der er udpeget i forbindelse med direktiv 98/26/EF, centrale modparter og centralbanker
c)
berettigede krav i den i direktiv 97/9/EF anvendte betydning.
5.   Ved udøvelsen af en beføjelse i henhold til nærværende artikel tager en afviklingsmyndighed hensyn til den indvirkning, som udøvelsen af den pågældende beføjelse kan have på de finansielle markeders korrekte funktion.
Artikel 70
Beføjelse til at begrænse muligheden for at gøre sikkerhedsrettigheder gældende
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at begrænse muligheden for, at sikrede kreditorer i et institut under afvikling kan gøre sikkerhedsrettigheder gældende vedrørende aktiver i det pågældende institut under afvikling fra datoen for offentliggørelse af en meddelelse om begrænsning i henhold til artikel 83, stk. 4, frem til midnat i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet under afvikling er etableret, på den første hverdag efter denne offentliggørelse.
2.   Afviklingsmyndigheder skal ikke anvende den i stk. 1 omhandlede beføjelse i forhold til sikkerhedsrettigheder tilhørende systemer eller systemansvarlige, der er udpeget i forbindelse med direktiv 98/26/EF, centrale modparter og centralbanker i aktiver, som instituttet under afvikling har stillet som hel eller delvis sikkerhed.
3.   Finder artikel 80 anvendelse, sikrer afviklingsmyndighederne, at enhver begrænsning, der gøres gældende i henhold til beføjelsen omhandlet i nærværende artikels stk. 1, anvendes konsekvent for alle koncernenheder, der er omfattet af en afviklingshandling.
4.   Ved udøvelsen af en beføjelse i henhold til nærværende artikel tager en afviklingsmyndighed hensyn til den indvirkning, som udøvelsen af den pågældende beføjelse kan have på de finansielle markeders korrekte funktion.
Artikel 71
Beføjelse til midlertidigt at suspendere opsigelsesrettigheder
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at suspendere opsigelsesrettighederne for enhver part i en kontrakt med et institut under afvikling fra offentliggørelsen af meddelelsen i henhold til artikel 83, stk. 4, frem til midnat i den medlemsstat, hvor instituttet under afvikling er etableret, på den første hverdag efter denne offentliggørelse, forudsat at de materielle forpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten, herunder betalings- og leveringsforpligtelser og sikkerhedsstillelse, fortsat opfyldes.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at suspendere opsigelsesrettighederne for enhver part i en kontrakt med et datterselskab til et institut under afvikling, når:
a)
forpligtelserne i henhold til kontrakten garanteres eller på anden vis understøttes af instituttet under afvikling
b)
opsigelsesrettighederne i henhold til kontrakten udelukkende er baseret på insolvensen eller de finansielle forhold i instituttet under afvikling, og
c)
i tilfælde af at der er udøvet eller kan udøves en overførselsbeføjelse, der vedrører instituttet under afvikling, enten:
i)
alle de aktiver og passiver i datterselskabet, der vedrører denne kontrakt, er blevet overført eller kan overføres til modtageren og denne påtager sig alle disse aktiver og passiver, eller
ii)
afviklingsmyndigheden på anden måde sikrer tilstrækkelig beskyttelse af sådanne forpligtelser.
Suspensionen har virkning fra offentliggørelsen af meddelelsen i henhold til artikel 83, stk. 4, frem til midnat i den medlemsstat, hvor datterselskabet til instituttet under afvikling er etableret, på den første hverdag efter denne offentliggørelse.
3.   En suspension i henhold til stk. 1 eller 2 finder ikke anvendelse på systemer eller systemansvarlige, der er udpeget i forbindelse med direktiv 98/26/EF, centrale modparter eller centralbanker.
4.   En person kan udøve en opsigelsesret i henhold til en kontrakt inden afslutningen af den i stk. 1 eller 2 anførte periode, hvis vedkommende modtager en meddelelse fra afviklingsmyndigheden om, at de rettigheder og forpligtelser, der er omfattet af kontrakten, ikke vil blive:
a)
overført til en anden enhed, eller
b)
genstand for nedskrivning eller konvertering ved anvendelse af bail-in-værktøjet i henhold til artikel 43, stk. 2, litra a).
5.   Udøver en afviklingsmyndighed den i denne artikels stk. 1 eller 2 anførte beføjelse til at suspendere opsigelsesrettigheder, og er der ikke givet meddelelse i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 4, kan disse rettigheder, når suspensionsperioden udløber, jf. dog artikel 68, udøves således:
a)
hvis de rettigheder og forpligtelser, der er omfattet af kontrakten, er blevet overført til en anden enhed, kan en modpart først udøve opsigelsesrettighederne i henhold til kontraktvilkårene ved forekomsten af en fortsat eller efterfølgende fyldestgørelsesgrund fra modtagerens side
b)
hvis de rettigheder og forpligtelser, der er omfattet af kontrakten, forbliver i instituttet under afvikling, og afviklingsmyndigheden ikke har anvendt bail-in-værktøjet i henhold til artikel 43, stk. 2, litra a), på den pågældende kontrakt, kan en modpart udøve opsigelsesrettighederne i henhold til kontraktvilkårene efter udløbet af en suspension i henhold til stk. 1.
6.   Ved udøvelsen af en beføjelse i henhold til nærværende artikel tager en afviklingsmyndighed hensyn til den indvirkning, som udøvelsen af den pågældende beføjelse kan have på de finansielle markeders korrekte funktion.
7.   Kompetente myndigheder eller afviklingsmyndigheder kan pålægge et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), at føre detaljerede registre over kontrakter.
Efter anmodning fra en kompetent myndighed eller en afviklingsmyndighed gør et transaktionsregister de nødvendige oplysninger tilgængelige for kompetente myndigheder eller afviklingsmyndigheder, således at de kan opfylde deres respektive forpligtelser og mandater i overensstemmelse med artikel 81 i forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012.
8.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere følgende elementer i forbindelse med stk. 7:
a)
et minimumssæt af oplysninger om finansielle kontrakter, der skal fremgå af de detaljerede registre, og
b)
de omstændigheder, hvorunder dette krav skal gælde.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 72
Udøvelse af afviklingsbeføjelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne med henblik på at træffe en afviklingshandling er i stand til at udøve kontrol over instituttet under afvikling, for således:
a)
at drive og udføre aktiviteter og tjenesteydelser i instituttet under afvikling med alle de beføjelser, der tillægges aktionærerne og ledelsesorganet
b)
at forvalte og afhænde aktiver og ejendom tilhørende instituttet under afvikling.
Den i første afsnit omhandlede kontrol kan udøves direkte af afviklingsmyndigheden eller indirekte af en eller flere personer, der udpeges af afviklingsmyndigheden. Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at stemmerettigheder knyttet til aktier eller andre ejerskabsinstrumenter i instituttet under afvikling ikke kan udøves i afviklingsperioden.
2.   Med forbehold af artikel 85, stk. 1, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingsmyndighederne er i stand til at træffe en afviklingshandling i kraft af en bekendtgørelse i overensstemmelse med de nationale administrative kompetencer og procedurer, uden at udøve kontrol over instituttet under afvikling.
3.   Afviklingsmyndighederne beslutter fra sag til sag, om det er hensigtsmæssigt at træffe en afviklingshandling i kraft af de i stk. 1 eller stk. 2 omhandlede midler, under hensyntagen til afviklingsmålsætningerne og de overordnede principper for afvikling, de specifikke forhold, der gør sig gældende for det pågældende institut under afvikling, og behovet for at fremme en effektiv afvikling af grænseoverskridende koncerner.
4.   Afviklingsmyndigheder anses ikke for at være skyggedirektører eller de facto-direktører i henhold til national ret.
KAPITEL VII
Sikkerhedsforanstaltninger
Artikel 73
Behandling af aktionærer og kreditorer i tilfælde af delvis overførsel og anvendelse af bail-in-værktøjet
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, når ét eller flere af afviklingsværktøjerne er blevet anvendt, særlig med henblik på artikel 75, at:
a)
aktionærerne og de kreditorer, hvis krav ikke er blevet overført, når afviklingsmyndighederne foretager delvis overførsel af rettigheder, aktiver og forpligtelser, der tilhører instituttet under afvikling, medmindre litra b) finder anvendelse, modtager dækning for deres krav mindst svarende til det, de ville have modtaget, hvis instituttet under afvikling var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling samtidig med at den i artikel 82 omhandlede afgørelse blev truffet
b)
de aktionærer og kreditorer, hvis krav er blevet nedskrevet eller konverteret til egenkapital, når afviklingsmyndighederne anvender bail-in-værktøjet, ikke lider større tab, end hvis instituttet under afvikling var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling samtidig med at den i artikel 82 omhandlede afgørelse blev truffet.
Artikel 74
Værdiansættelse af forskel i behandlingen
1.   Ved vurderingen af, hvorvidt aktionærer og kreditorer ville have modtaget en bedre behandling, hvis instituttet under afvikling havde været underlagt almindelig insolvensbehandling, herunder, men ikke udelukkende, ved anvendelse af artikel 73, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at en uvildig person foretager en værdiansættelse snarest muligt efter afviklingshandlingen eller afviklingshandlingerne. Denne værdiansættelse adskiller sig fra den værdiansættelse, der foretages i henhold til artikel 36.
2.   Ved værdiansættelsen i stk. 1 fastsættes:
a)
den behandling, som aktionærer og kreditorer ville have modtaget, herunder relevante indskudsgarantiordninger, hvis det institut under afvikling, for hvilket afviklingshandlingen eller afviklingshandlingerne er blevet sat i værk, havde været underlagt almindelig insolvensbehandling, samtidig med at den i artikel 82 omhandlede afgørelse blev truffet
b)
den faktiske behandling, som aktionærer og kreditorer i instituttet under afvikling har modtaget i forbindelse med afviklingen, og
c)
om der er nogen forskel mellem behandlingen i litra a) og behandlingen i litra b).
3.   Værdiansættelsen skal:
a)
tage udgangspunkt i, at det institut under afvikling, for hvilket afviklingshandlingen eller afviklingshandlingerne er blevet sat i værk, ville havde været underlagt almindelig insolvensbehandling på det tidspunkt, hvor den i artikel 82 omhandlede afgørelse blev truffet
b)
tage udgangspunkt i, at afviklingshandlingen eller afviklingshandlingerne ikke var blevet iværksat
c)
se bort fra enhver ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige til instituttet under afvikling.
4.   EBA kan udarbejde udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere den metode, der skal anvendes til værdiansættelsen i nærværende artikel, særlig metoden til at vurdere den behandling, som aktionærer og kreditorer ville have modtaget, hvis instituttet under afvikling havde været underlagt insolvensbehandling på det tidspunkt, hvor den i artikel 82 omhandlede afgørelse blev truffet.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 75
Sikkerhedsforanstaltninger for aktionærer og kreditorer
Konstateres det ved afviklingen i henhold til artikel 74, at en aktionær eller kreditor som omhandlet i artikel 73 eller indskudsgarantiordningen i henhold til artikel 109, stk. 1, har lidt større tab, end den ville have gjort ved en likvidation under almindelig insolvensbehandling, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at denne er berettiget til betaling af forskellen fra afviklingsfinansieringsordningen.
Artikel 76
Sikkerhedsforanstaltninger for modparter i delvise overførsler
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de i stk. 2 anførte sikkerhedsforanstaltninger finder anvendelse i følgende situationer:
a)
en afviklingsmyndighed overfører en del af, men ikke alle aktiverne, rettighederne eller forpligtelserne i et institut under afvikling til en anden enhed eller, gennem anvendelse af et afviklingsværktøj, fra et broinstitut eller et porteføljeadministrationsselskab til en anden person
b)
en afviklingsmyndighed anvender den i artikel 64, stk. 1, litra f), anførte beføjelse.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der forefindes en passende beskyttelse af følgende ordninger og af modparterne i disse ordninger:
a)
sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, hvorved en person i form af en sikkerhed har konkrete eller mulige interesser i de aktiver eller rettigheder, der er genstand for overførsel, uanset om disse interesser er sikret på grundlag af specifikke aktiver eller rettigheder eller på grundlag af en generalpant eller lignende ordninger
b)
aftale om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret, hvormed sikkerhedsstillelsen til sikring eller dækning af resultaterne af specifikke forpligtelser opnås ved overførsel af det fulde ejerskab af aktiver fra sikkerhedsstilleren til sikkerhedstageren, og dette på betingelser, hvorefter sikkerhedstageren skal overføre aktiver, hvis disse specifikke forpligtelser realiseres
c)
aftaler om modregning, hvor to eller flere krav eller forpligtelser mellem instituttet under afvikling og en modpart kan modregnes hinanden
d)
nettingaftaler
e)
dækkede obligationer
f)
aftaler om struktureret finansiering, herunder securitisationer og instrumenter, der anvendes til hedgingformål, som udgør en integrerende del af sikkerhedspuljen, og som i henhold til national ret er sikret på en måde svarende til de dækkede obligationer, hvilket omfatter en aftaleparts eller en administrators, en befuldmægtigets eller en repræsentants udstedelse og besiddelse af en sikkerhed.
Den mest hensigtsmæssige form for beskyttelse for de kategorier af aftaler, der er anført i dette stykke, litra a)-f), præciseres yderligere i artikel 77-80 og er omfattet af begrænsningerne i artikel 68-71.
3.   Kravet i stk. 2 finder anvendelse uanset antallet af parter i aftalerne, og uanset om aftalerne:
a)
er blevet oprettet på grundlag af en kontrakt, en trust eller andet, eller er opstået automatisk i kraft af gældende ret
b)
er opstået af eller helt eller delvis er underlagt lovgivningen i en anden medlemsstat eller i et tredjeland.
4.   Kommissionen vedtager delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115, der yderligere præciserer de kategorier af aftaler, der er omfattet af nærværende artikel, stk. 2, litra a)-f).
Artikel 77
Beskyttelse for aftaler om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse, modregning og netting
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der findes en passende beskyttelse af aftale om finansielle sikkerhedsstillelser i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret og af modregnings- og nettingaftaler med henblik på at undgå en overførsel af nogle af, men ikke alle, de rettigheder og forpligtelser, som er beskyttet i kraft af en aftale om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret, en aftale om modregning eller en nettingaftale mellem instituttet under afvikling og en anden person, og en ændring eller en opsigelse af rettigheder og forpligtelser, som er beskyttet i kraft af en aftale om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse i form af overdragelse af ejendomsret, en aftale om modregning eller en nettingaftale ved anvendelse af accessoriske beføjelser.
I forbindelse med første afsnit betragtes rettigheder og forpligtelser som beskyttet i henhold til en sådan aftale, hvis parterne i aftalen er berettiget til at modregne disse rettigheder og forpligtelser eller til at omregne dem til nettoværdi.
2.   Uanset stk. 1 kan afviklingsmyndigheden, hvis det er nødvendigt for at sikre, at de dækkede indskud er tilgængelige:
a)
overføre dækkede indskud, som indgår i en af de aftaler, der omtales i stk. 1, uden at overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser, som indgår i samme aftale. og
b)
overføre, ændre eller ophæve aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser uden at overføre de dækkede indskud.
Artikel 78
Beskyttelse af sikkerhedsforanstaltninger
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der findes en passende beskyttelse af passiver, der sikres i henhold til en sikkerhedsforanstaltning, for således at undgå:
a)
overførsel af aktiver, hvormed passivet er sikret, medmindre passivet og sikkerhedsstillelsen også overføres
b)
overførsel af et sikret passiv, medmindre sikkerhedsstillelsen også overføres
c)
overførsel af sikkerhedsstillelsen, medmindre det sikrede passiv også overføres
d)
ændring eller afslutning af en sikkerhedsforanstaltning ved anvendelse af accessoriske beføjelser, hvis denne ændring eller afslutning medfører, at passivet ikke længere er sikret.
2.   Uanset stk. 1 kan afviklingsmyndigheden, hvis det er nødvendigt for at sikre, at de dækkede indskud er tilgængelige:
a)
overføre dækkede indskud, som indgår i en af de aftaler, der omtales i stk. 1, uden at overføre aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser, som indgår i samme aftale, og
b)
overføre, ændre eller ophæve aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser uden at overføre de dækkede indskud.
Artikel 79
Beskyttelse for aftaler om struktureret finansiering og dækkede obligationer
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der forefindes en passende beskyttelse for aftaler om struktureret finansiering, herunder aftaler som omhandlet i artikel 76, stk. 2, litra e) og f), for således at undgå:
a)
delvis overførsel af de aktiver, rettigheder og forpligtelser, som udgør eller er en del af en aftale om struktureret finansiering, herunder aftaler som omhandlet i artikel 76, stk. 2, litra e) og f), som instituttet under afvikling er part i
b)
afslutning eller ændring ved anvendelse af accessoriske beføjelser af de aktiver, rettigheder og forpligtelser, som udgør eller er en del af en aftale om struktureret finansiering, herunder aftaler som omhandlet i artikel 76, stk. 2, litra e) og f), som instituttet under afvikling er part i.
2.   Uanset stk. 1 kan afviklingsmyndigheden, hvis det er nødvendigt for at sikre, at de dækkede indskud er tilgængelige:
a)
overføre dækkede indskud, som indgår i en af de aftaler, der omtales i stk. 1, uden at overføre andre aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser, som indgår i samme aftale, og
b)
overføre, ændre eller ophæve aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser uden at overføre de dækkede indskud.
Artikel 80
Delvise overførsler: beskyttelse af betalings-, clearing- og afregningssystemer
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at anvendelsen af et afviklingsværktøj ikke påvirker anvendelsen af og reglerne for de systemer, der er omfattet af direktiv 98/26/EF, når afviklingsmyndigheden:
a)
overfører en del af men ikke alle aktiverne, rettighederne eller forpligtelserne i et institut under afvikling til en anden enhed, eller
b)
anvender beføjelser i henhold til artikel 64 til at ophæve eller ændre betingelserne i en kontrakt, som instituttet under afvikling har indgået, eller at erstatte en modtager som part.
2.   En i nærværende artikels stk. 1 omhandlet overførsel, ophævelse eller ændring må navnlig ikke annullere en overførselsordre i strid med artikel 5 i direktiv 98/26/EF, og den må ikke ændre eller hindre håndhævelsen af overførselsordrer og netting i henhold til artikel 3 og 5 i nævnte direktiv, anvendelsen af midler, værdipapirer eller kreditfaciliteter i henhold til artikel 4 i nævnte direktiv eller beskyttelsen af en sikkerhed i henhold til artikel 9 i nævnte direktiv.
KAPITEL VIII
Proceduremæssige forpligtelser
Artikel 81
Underretningskrav
1.   Medlemsstaterne pålægger ledelsesorganet for et institut eller enhver enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), at underrette den kompetente myndighed, hvis de vurderer, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende, jf. artikel 32, stk. 4.
2.   De kompetente myndigheder underretter de relevante afviklingsmyndigheder om enhver underretning, de modtager i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 1 og eventuelle kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltninger eller foranstaltninger som omhandlet i artikel 104 i direktiv 2013/36/EU, som de pålægger et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c), eller d), at iværksætte.
3.   Vurderer en kompetent myndighed eller en afviklingsmyndighed, at de i artikel 32, stk. 1, litra a) og b), omhandlede betingelser er opfyldt for et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), fremsender den omgående denne vurdering til følgende myndigheder, hvis det ikke er samme myndighed:
a)
afviklingsmyndigheden for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
b)
den kompetente myndighed for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
c)
den kompetente myndighed for en filial af det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
d)
afviklingsmyndigheden for en filial af det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d)
e)
centralbanken
f)
den indskudsgarantiordning, som et kreditinstitut er medlem af, når det er nødvendigt for at indskudsgarantiordningens funktioner kan udføres
g)
det organ, der er ansvarligt for ordningerne for afviklingsfinansiering, når det er nødvendigt for at afviklingsfinansieringsordningernes funktioner kan udføres
h)
i givet fald koncernafviklingsmyndigheden
i)
det kompetente ministerium
j)
den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, når instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i nærværende direktivs artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er underlagt tilsyn på et konsolideret grundlag i henhold til afsnit VII, kapitel 3, i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og
k)
ESRB og den udpegede nationale makrotilsynsmyndighed.
4.   Hvis videregivelsen af oplysninger som omhandlet i stk. 3, litra f), og g), ikke garanterer et tilstrækkeligt niveau af fortrolighed, etablerer den kompetente myndighed eller afviklingsmyndighed alternative procedurer for kommunikation, som opfylder samme mål, men samtidig sikrer et tilstrækkeligt niveau af fortrolighed.
Artikel 82
Afviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse
1.   Ved modtagelse af en underretning fra den kompetente myndighed i henhold til artikel 81, stk. 3, eller på eget initiativ vurderer afviklingsmyndigheden i henhold til artikel 32, stk. 1, og artikel 33, om de heri fastsatte betingelser er opfyldt for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d).
2.   En beslutning om, hvorvidt der skal træffes afviklingshandlinger over for et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), skal indeholde følgende oplysninger:
a)
begrundelsen for afgørelsen, herunder en bestemmelse af, hvorvidt instituttet opfylder eller ikke opfylder betingelserne for afvikling
b)
den foranstaltning, afviklingsmyndigheden agter at iværksætte, herunder i givet fald afgørelsen om at anmode om likvidation, udpegelse af en administrator eller eventuelle andre foranstaltninger i overensstemmelse med almindelig insolvensbehandling eller i henhold til artikel 37, stk. 9, i overensstemmelse med national ret.
3.   EBA udarbejder udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder med henblik på at præcisere procedurerne, indholdet og betingelserne i forbindelse med følgende krav:
a)
underretningskravene omhandlet i artikel 81, stk. 1, 2 og 3
b)
meddelelsen om suspension omhandlet i artikel 83.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 83
Afviklingsmyndighedernes proceduremæssige forpligtelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne hurtigst muligt efter at have iværksat en afviklingshandling opfylder kravene fastsat i stk. 2, 3 og 4.
2.   Afviklingsmyndigheden underretter det institut, der er under afvikling, og nedenstående myndigheder, hvis det ikke er samme myndighed:
a)
den kompetente myndighed for det pågældende institut under afvikling
b)
den kompetente myndighed for en filial af det pågældende institut under afvikling
c)
centralbanken
d)
den indskudsgarantiordning, som kreditinstituttet under afvikling er medlem af
e)
det organ, der er ansvarligt for ordningerne for afviklingsfinansiering
f)
hvor dette er relevant, koncernafviklingsmyndigheden
g)
det kompetente ministerium
h)
den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, når instituttet under afvikling er underlagt tilsyn på et konsolideret grundlag i henhold til afsnit VII, kapitel 3, i direktiv 2013/36/EU
i)
den udpegede nationale makroprudentielle myndighed og ESRB
j)
Kommissionen, Den Europæiske Centralbank, ESMA, Den Europæiske Tilsynsmyndighed (Den Europæiske Tilsynsmyndighed for Forsikrings- og Arbejdsmarkedspensionsordninger) (EIOPA), oprettet i henhold til forordning (EU) nr. 1094/2010 og EBA
k)
de systemansvarlige for det system, instituttet deltager i, hvis instituttet under afvikling er et institut som defineret i artikel 2, litra b), i direktiv 98/26/EF.
3.   En underretning i henhold til stk. 2 skal omfatte en genpart af enhver afgørelse eller ethvert instrument, hvorved de relevante beføjelser udøves, og skal indeholde en angivelse af datoen, hvor afviklingshandlingen eller afviklingshandlingerne træder i kraft.
4.   Afviklingsmyndigheden skal offentliggøre eller sikre offentliggørelse af en genpart af den afgørelse eller det instrument, hvorved afviklingshandlingen træffes, eller en meddelelse, der opsummerer afviklingshandlingens virkninger, særlig for detailkunder, og, hvor dette er relevant, suspensions- eller begrænsningsvilkår og -periode som omhandlet i artikel 69, 70 og 71 med følgende midler:
a)
på sit officielle websted
b)
på den kompetente myndigheds websted, hvis denne myndighed ikke er afviklingsmyndigheden, og EBA's websted
c)
på webstedet for det institut, der er under afvikling
d)
optages aktierne eller andre ejerskabs- eller gældinstrumenter i det institut, der er under afvikling, til handel på et reguleret marked, anvendes midlerne til offentliggørelse af regulerede oplysninger vedrørende instituttet under afvikling i henhold til artikel 21, stk. 1, i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2004/109/EF 
(
35
)
.
5.   Hvis aktier, ejerskabs- eller gældsinstrumenter ikke kan omsættes på et reguleret marked, sikrer afviklingsmyndigheden, at de dokumenter, der udgør bevisgrundlaget for de i stk. 4 omhandlede instrumenter, sendes til alle aktionærer og kreditorer i instituttet under afvikling, som er registreret i registre og databaser i instituttet under afvikling, og som er tilgængelige for afviklingsmyndigheden.
Artikel 84
Fortrolighed
1.   Følgende personer er underlagt bindende krav om tavshedspligt:
a)
afviklingsmyndighederne
b)
de kompetente myndigheder og EBA
c)
de kompetente ministerier
d)
administratorer eller midlertidige administratorer, der udpeges i henhold til dette direktiv
e)
potentielle købere, som de kompetente myndigheder kontakter, eller som afviklingsmyndighederne henvender sig til, uanset om denne kontakt eller henvendelse er et led i forberedelserne til anvendelsen af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet, og uanset om denne henvendelse har ført til et køb
f)
revisorer, bogholdere, juridiske og professionelle rådgivere, valuarer og andre eksperter, der engageres direkte eller indirekte af afviklingsmyndighederne, af de kompetente myndigheder, af de kompetente ministerier eller af potentielle købere som omhandlet i litra e)
g)
organer, der administrerer indskudsgarantiordninger
h)
organer, der administrer investorgarantiordninger
i)
det organ, der er ansvarligt for ordningerne for afviklingsfinansiering
j)
centralbanker og andre myndigheder, der er involveret i afviklingsforløbet
k)
et broinstitut eller et porteføljeadministrationsselskab
l)
alle andre personer, der permanent eller lejlighedsvis leverer eller har leveret tjenesteydelser direkte eller indirekte til personer som omhandlet i litra a)-k)
m)
den daglige ledelse, medlemmer af ledelsesorganet og de ansatte i det eller den i litra a)-k) omhandlede organ eller enhed før, under og efter deres udpegelse.
2.   Med henblik på at sikre, at kravene i stk. 1 og 3 overholdes, skal de i stk. 1, litra a), b), c), g), h), j) og k), omhandlede personer sikre, at der eksisterer interne regler herom, herunder regler, der sikrer tavshedspligt omkring oplysninger, som udveksles mellem personer, der er direkte involveret i afviklingsprocessen.
3.   Uden at det berører den generelle anvendelse af kravene i stk. 1, er det forbudt for de i nævnte stykke omhandlede personer at videregive fortrolige oplysninger, der modtages som led i deres arbejde eller fra en kompetent myndighed eller afviklingsmyndighed i forbindelse med dens arbejde i henhold til dette direktiv, til enhver person eller myndighed, undtagen i forbindelse med udøvelsen af deres arbejde i henhold til dette direktiv eller i summarisk eller samlet form, således at de enkelte institutter eller enheder som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), ikke kan identificeres, eller med udtrykkelig forhåndsgodkendelse fra den myndighed eller det institut eller den enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), som udleverede oplysningerne.
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at ingen fortrolige oplysninger videregives af de i stk. 1 omhandlede personer, og at den mulige indflydelse, som en videregivelse af disse oplysninger kunne have på samfundets interesser for så vidt angår finanspolitik, valutapolitik eller økonomisk politik, på fysiske og juridiske personers forretningsmæssige interesser, på formålet med inspektioner, på undersøgelser og på revision, vurderes.
Proceduren for kontrol med effekten af oplysningers videregivelse skal omfatte en særlig vurdering af effekten af enhver videregivelse af indholdet og detaljerne i den i artikel 5, 7, 10, 11 og 12 omhandlede genopretnings- og afviklingsplan og resultaterne af enhver vurdering i henhold til artikel 6, 8 og 15.
En person eller en enhed som omhandlet i stk. 1 gøres civilretligt ansvarlig i tilfælde af en overtrædelse af nærværende artikel i overensstemmelse med national ret.
4.   Denne artikel forhindrer ikke:
a)
ansatte og eksperter i de i stk. 1, litra a)-j), omhandlede organer og enheder i at udveksle oplysninger indbyrdes inden for det enkelte organ eller den enkelte enhed, eller
b)
afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder, herunder deres ansatte og eksperter, i at udveksle oplysninger indbyrdes og med andre EU-afviklingsmyndigheder, andre af Unionens kompetente myndigheder, kompetente ministerier, centralbanker, indskudsgarantiordninger, investorgarantiordning, myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for almindelig insolvensbehandling, myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for opretholdelsen af stabiliteten i det finansielle system i medlemsstaterne ved anvendelse af makroprudentielle regler, personer, der udfører revision af bogføringen, EBA eller, med forbehold af artikel 98, tredjelandsmyndigheder, der varetager samme type opgaver som afviklingsmyndighederne, eller, efter strenge fortrolighedskrav, med en potentiel køber eller enhver anden person, hvor dette er nødvendigt med henblik på planlægning eller gennemførelse af en afviklingshandling.
5.   Uanset andre bestemmelser i nærværende artikel, kan medlemsstaterne tillade udveksling af oplysninger med følgende:
a)
under strenge fortrolighedskrav, til enhver anden person, hvor det er nødvendigt af hensyn til planlægningen eller gennemførelsen af en afvikling
b)
parlamentariske undersøgelsesudvalg i deres medlemsstater, revisionsretter i deres medlemsstater og andre enheder med ansvar for undersøgelser i deres medlemsstater under passende vilkår, og
c)
nationale myndigheder med ansvar for tilsyn med betalingssystemer, myndigheder med ansvar for normale insolvensprocedurer, myndigheder med offentlig tilsynspligt med andre enheder i den finansielle sektor, myndigheder med ansvar for tilsyn med de finansielle markeder og forsikringsselskaber og inspektører, der handler på deres vegne, myndigheder med ansvar for opretholdelse af stabilitet i det finansielle system i medlemsstaterne ved brug af makroprudentielle regler og myndigheder med ansvar for beskyttelse af det finansielle systems stabilitet og personer, der har til opgave at udføre revision.
6.   Denne artikel berører ikke national ret vedrørende videregivelse af oplysninger til brug ved retshandlinger i straffe- eller civilretlige sager.
7.   EBA udsteder senest den 3. juli 2015 retningslinjer i overensstemmelse med artikel 16 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 for at angive, hvordan oplysninger bør formidles i summarisk eller samlet form, jf. stk. 3.
KAPITEL IX
Klageadgang og udelukkelse af andre tiltag
Artikel 85
Rettens forhåndsgodkendelse og ret til at anfægte beslutninger
1.   Medlemsstaterne kan kræve, at en afgørelse om at træffe en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en krisestyringsforanstaltning er underlagt rettens forhåndsgodkendelse, forudsat at, hvad angår en afgørelse om at træffe en krisestyringsforanstaltning, proceduren i forbindelse med ansøgningen om godkendelse og rettens behandling ifølge national ret afvikles hurtigt.
2.   Medlemsstaterne indfører i national lovgivning klageadgang for en afgørelse om at træffe en kriseforebyggelsesforanstaltning eller en afgørelse om at udøve enhver beføjelse efter dette direktiv, dog ikke en krisestyringsforanstaltning.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at alle personer, der er berørt af en afgørelse om at træffe en krisestyringsforanstaltning, har ret til at påklage den pågældende afgørelse. Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at prøvelsen gennemføres hurtigt, og at de nationale domstole anvender de komplekse økonomiske vurderinger af de faktiske omstændigheder, som afviklingsmyndigheden har gennemført, som grundlag for deres egen vurdering.
4.   For retten til klageadgang som omhandlet i stk. 3 gælder der følgende bestemmelser:
a)
indgivelse af en klage medfører ikke automatisk suspension af virkningerne af den anfægtede afgørelse
b)
afviklingsmyndighedens afgørelse kan fuldbyrdes omgående, og den medfører en simpel formodning om, at det ikke vil være i samfundets interesser at suspendere dens håndhævelse.
Når det er nødvendigt at beskytte interesser hos tredjemand, der i god tro har købt aktier, andre ejerskabsinstrumenter, aktiver, rettigheder eller passiver i et institut under afvikling, i kraft af anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer eller en afviklingsmyndigheds udøvelse af afviklingsbeføjelser, berører annulleringen af en beslutning truffet af en afviklingsmyndighed ikke administrative handlinger eller transaktioner, der foretages efterfølgende af den pågældende afviklingsmyndighed, og som er baseret på den annullerede beslutning. I så fald er retsmidlerne, såfremt afviklingsmyndighederne har truffet en fejlagtig beslutning eller en fejlagtig foranstaltning, begrænset til kompensation for det tab, ansøgeren har lidt som følge af beslutningen eller handlingen.
Artikel 86
Begrænsninger af andre retlige procedurer
1.   Uden at dette berører artikel 82, stk. 2, litra b), sikrer medlemsstaterne i forhold til et institut under afvikling eller et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), for hvilket det er blevet konstateret, at betingelserne for afvikling er opfyldt, at der ikke indledes almindelig insolvensbehandling, medmindre det sker på afviklingsmyndighedens initiativ, og at et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), ikke kan pålægges almindelig insolvensbehandling, medmindre afviklingsmyndigheden har givet sit samtykke.
2.   For så vidt angår stk. 1 sikrer medlemsstaterne:
a)
at de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne underrettes omgående om enhver anmodning om indledning af almindelig insolvensbehandling af et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), uanset om det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er under afvikling, eller om en afgørelse er offentliggjort i henhold til artikel 83, stk. 4 og 5
b)
at der ikke træffes afgørelse om anmodningen, medmindre de i litra a) omhandlede underretninger er foretaget, og et af følgende tilfælde opstår:
i)
afviklingsmyndigheden har underrettet de myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for almindelig insolvensbehandling, om, at den ikke agter at træffe en afviklingshandling over for instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d),
ii)
en periode på syv dage begyndende på datoen for de i litra a) omhandlede underretninger er udløbet.
3.   Uden at dette berører eventuelle begrænsning af muligheden for at gøre sikkerhedsrettigheder gældende, der følger af artikel 70, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at afviklingsmyndigheder har mulighed for at anmode retten om at indstille enhver retlig behandling eller procedure, som et institut under afvikling er eller bliver part i, i en passende periode, der står mål med det ønskede formål, såfremt det er nødvendigt for at opnå en effektiv anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser.
AFSNIT V
GRÆNSEOVERSKRIDENDE KONCERNAFVIKLING
Artikel 87
Generelle principper for beslutningstagning, der involverer mere end én medlemsstat
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at deres myndigheder, når de træffer afgørelser eller foranstaltninger i henhold til dette direktiv, som vil kunne få konsekvenser i en eller flere andre medlemsstater, tager hensyn til følgende generelle principper:
a)
det er bydende nødvendigt med en effektiv beslutningstagning og at holde afviklingsomkostningerne så lave som muligt, når der træffes afviklingshandlinger
b)
at afgørelser og foranstaltninger træffes rettidigt og tilstrækkelig hurtigt, når det er nødvendigt
c)
at afviklingsmyndigheder, kompetente myndigheder og andre myndigheder samarbejder indbyrdes for at sikre, at afgørelserne og foranstaltningerne træffes på en koordineret og effektiv måde
d)
at de relevante myndigheders opgaver og ansvarsområder i hver enkelt medlemsstat defineres klart
e)
at der tages behørigt hensyn til interesserne i de medlemsstater, hvor modervirksomhederne i Unionen er etableret, og særlig indvirkningen af enhver afgørelse eller foranstaltning eller manglende foranstaltning på disse medlemsstaters finansielle stabilitet, skatteindtægter, afviklingsfond, indskudsgarantiordning eller investorgarantiordning
f)
at der tages behørigt hensyn til interesserne i hver enkelt medlemsstat, hvor der er etableret et datterselskab, og særlig indvirkningen af enhver afgørelse eller foranstaltning eller manglende foranstaltning på disse medlemsstaters finansielle stabilitet, skatteindtægter, afviklingsfond, indskudsgarantiordning eller investorgarantiordning
g)
at der tages behørigt hensyn til interesserne i hver enkelt medlemsstat, hvor der væsentlige filialer er beliggende, og særlig indvirkningen af enhver afgørelse eller foranstaltning eller manglende foranstaltning på disse medlemsstaters finansielle stabilitet
h)
at der tages behørigt hensyn til målene om at sikre en afvejning af de forskellige involverede medlemsstaters interesser og om at undgå, at bestemte medlemsstaters interesser skades eller beskyttes urimeligt, herunder at undgå en urimelig byrdefordeling mellem medlemsstaterne
i)
at enhver forpligtelse i henhold til dette direktiv til at høre en myndighed, inden der træffes en afgørelse eller en foranstaltning, omfatter som minimum en forpligtelse til at høre den pågældende myndighed vedrørende de elementer i den foreslåede afgørelse eller foranstaltning, der har eller sandsynligvis vil have
i)
konsekvenser for modervirksomheden i Unionen, datterselskabet eller filialen, og
ii)
konsekvenser for stabiliteten i den medlemsstat, hvor modervirksomheden i Unionen, datterselskabet eller filialen er etableret eller beliggende
j)
at afviklingsmyndigheder tager hensyn til og anvender de i artikel 13 omhandlede afviklingsplaner, når de træffer afviklingshandlinger, medmindre afviklingsmyndighederne i lyset af sagens omstændigheder finder, at afviklingsmålene kan opfyldes mere effektivt ved at træffe foranstaltninger, som ikke er fastsat i afviklingsplanerne
k)
at kravet om gennemsigtighed, når en foreslået afgørelse eller foranstaltning sandsynligvis vil have konsekvenser for en berørt medlemsstats finansielle stabilitet, skatteindtægter, afviklingsfond, indskudsgarantiordning eller investorgarantiordning, og
l)
anerkendelse af, at koordinering og samarbejde giver de bedste muligheder for at opnå et resultat, der reducerer de samlede afviklingsomkostninger.
Artikel 88
Afviklingskollegier
1.   Koncernafviklingsmyndighederne opretter afviklingskollegier for at gennemføre de i artikel 12, 13, 16, 18, 45, 91 og 92 omhandlede opgaver og i givet fald sikre samarbejde og koordinering med afviklingsmyndigheder i tredjelande.
Disse afviklingskollegier skal navnlig fastsætte rammer for koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, de øvrige afviklingsmyndigheder og i givet fald de berørte kompetente myndigheder og konsoliderende tilsynsmyndigheder med henblik på:
a)
at udveksle relevante oplysninger med henblik på udarbejdelse af koncernafviklingsplaner, anvendelse af forberedende og forebyggende beføjelser på koncernniveau og koncernafvikling
b)
at udarbejde koncernafviklingsplaner, jf. artikel 12 og 13
c)
at vurdere mulighederne for at afvikle koncerner, jf. artikel 16
d)
at udøve beføjelser til at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afvikling af koncerner, jf. artikel 18
e)
at afgøre behovet for at udarbejde en koncernafviklingsordning, jf. artikel 91 eller 92
f)
at nå frem til enighed om en koncernafviklingsordning foreslået i overensstemmelse med artikel 91 eller 92
g)
at koordinere kommunikation til offentligheden om koncernafviklingsstrategier og -ordninger
h)
at koordinere anvendelsen af finansieringsordninger, jf. afsnit VII
i)
at opstille minimumskravene for koncerner på konsolideret niveau og på datterselskabsniveau i overensstemmelse med artikel 45.
Afviklingskollegier kan desuden anvendes som et forum til at drøfte eventuelle spørgsmål vedrørende grænseoverskridende koncernafvikling.
2.   Følgende er medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet:
a)
koncernafviklingsmyndigheden
b)
afviklingsmyndighederne i hver medlemsstat, hvor et datterselskab, der er underlagt konsolideret tilsyn, er etableret
c)
afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor et moderselskab til et eller flere af koncernens institutter, som er en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra d), er etableret
d)
afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor væsentlige filialer er beliggende
e)
den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og de kompetente myndigheder i de medlemsstater, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden er medlem af afviklingskollegiet. Er den kompetente myndighed i en medlemsstat ikke medlemsstatens centralbank, kan den kompetente myndighed beslutte at lade sig ledsage af en repræsentant for medlemsstatens centralbank
f)
de kompetente ministerier, såfremt de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet, ikke er de kompetente ministerier
g)
den myndighed, der er ansvarlig for indskudsgarantiordningen i en medlemsstat, såfremt den pågældende medlemsstats afviklingsmyndighed er medlem af afviklingskollegiet
h)
EBA, jf. dog stk. 4.
3.   Tredjelandes afviklingsmyndigheder kan, såfremt et moderselskab eller et institut, der er etableret i Unionen, har et datterselskabsinstitut eller en filial, der ville blive betragtet som væsentlig, hvis den var placeret i Unionen, på disses anmodning indbydes til at deltage i afviklingskollegiet som observatør, forudsat at de er underlagt fortrolighedskrav, der efter koncernafviklingsmyndighedens opfattelse svarer til de i artikel 98 fastsatte krav.
4.   EBA bidrager til at fremme og føre tilsyn med, at afviklingskollegiernes drift er både effektiv og konsekvent under hensyntagen til internationale standarder. EBA indbydes til at deltage i afviklingskollegiets møder med henblik herpå. EBA har ikke stemmeret i det omfang, der finder en afstemning sted inden for afviklingskollegiernes rammer.
5.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden er formand for afviklingskollegiet. I denne egenskab skal den:
a)
efter at have hørt de øvrige medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet fastlægge skriftlige ordninger og procedurer for afviklingskollegiets drift
b)
koordinere alle afviklingskollegiets aktiviteter
c)
indkalde til og lede alle dets møder og på forhånd holde alle medlemmerne af afviklingskollegiet fuldt underrettet om afholdelsen af afviklingskollegiets møder, de vigtigste emner, der skal drøftes, og de spørgsmål, der skal tages stilling til
d)
underrette medlemmerne af afviklingskollegiet om alle planlagte møder, så de kan anmode om at deltage
e)
beslutte på grundlag af de specifikke behov, hvilke medlemmer og observatører der skal indbydes til at deltage i afviklingskollegiets særlige møder, under hensyntagen til relevansen for de pågældende medlemmer og observatører af de emner, der skal drøftes, navnlig den mulige indvirkning på den finansielle stabilitet i de berørte medlemsstater
f)
rettidigt holde alle medlemmer af kollegiet underrettet om beslutningerne fra og resultaterne af disse møder.
De medlemmer, der deltager i afviklingskollegiet, skal arbejde tæt sammen.
Afviklingsmyndighederne har uanset bestemmelserne i litra e) ret til at deltage i afviklingskollegiets møder, når der på dagsordenen er opført spørgsmål, der er underlagt fælles beslutningstagning eller vedrører en koncernenhed, der er beliggende i deres medlemsstat.
6.   Koncernafviklingsmyndighederne er ikke forpligtet til at oprette et afviklingskollegium, hvis andre koncerner eller kollegier varetager de samme funktioner og udfører de samme opgaver som dem, der er nævnt i nærværende artikel, og opfylder alle de i nærværende artikel og artikel 90 fastsatte betingelser og procedurer, herunder med hensyn til medlemskab af og deltagelse i afviklingskollegier. I så fald skal alle henvisninger til afviklingskollegier i dette direktiv også forstås som henvisninger til disse andre koncerner eller kollegier.
7.   EBA udarbejder under hensyntagen til internationale standarder udkast til reguleringsmæssige standarder for at præcisere afviklingskollegiernes virkemåde i praksis med henblik på udførelse af de i stk. 1 omhandlede opgaver.
EBA forelægger disse udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2015.
Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage de i første afsnit omhandlede reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder i overensstemmelse med artikel 10-14 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 89
Europæiske afviklingskollegier
1.   Har et tredjelandsinstitut eller et moderselskab i et tredjeland, EU-datterselskaber, som er etableret i to eller flere medlemsstater, eller to eller flere EU-filialer, der anses for væsentlige af to eller flere medlemsstater, opretter afviklingsmyndighederne i de medlemsstater, hvor disse EU-datterselskaber er etableret, eller hvor disse væsentlige filialer er beliggende, et europæisk afviklingskollegium.
2.   Det europæiske afviklingskollegium varetager de funktioner og udfører de opgaver, der er nævnt i artikel 88, for så vidt angår datterselskabsinstitutter, og, for så vidt disse opgaver er relevante, for filialer.
3.   Er EU-datterselskaberne ejet af, eller er de væsentlige filialer tilknyttet et finansielt holdingselskab, som er etableret i Unionen i overensstemmelse med artikel 127, stk. 3, tredje afsnit, i direktiv 2013/36/EU, varetages det europæiske afviklingskollegiums formandskab af afviklingsmyndigheden i den medlemsstat, hvor den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed er etableret, med henblik på et konsolideret tilsyn i henhold til nævnte direktiv.
Finder første afsnit ikke anvendelse, udpeger medlemmerne af det europæiske afviklingskollegium deres formand efter fælles overenskomst.
4.   Medlemsstaterne kan ved fælles aftale mellem alle relevante parter fravige kravet om at oprette et europæisk afviklingskollegium, hvis andre koncerner eller kollegier, herunder et afviklingskollegium, der oprettet i henhold til artikel 88, varetager de samme funktioner og udfører de samme opgaver som dem, der er anført i nærværende artikel, og opfylder alle de i nærværende artikel og artikel 90 fastsatte betingelser og procedurer, herunder med hensyn til medlemskab af og deltagelse i europæiske afviklingskollegier. I så fald skal alle henvisninger til europæiske afviklingskollegier i dette direktiv også forstås som henvisninger til disse andre koncerner eller kollegier.
5.   Det europæiske afviklingskollegium fungerer i øvrigt i overensstemmelse med artikel 88, jf. dog stk. 3 og 4.
Artikel 90
Informationsudveksling
1.   Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder giver efter anmodning hinanden alle oplysninger, som er relevante for udøvelsen af de øvrige myndigheders opgaver i henhold til dette direktiv, jf. dog artikel 84.
2.   Koncernafviklingsmyndigheden koordinerer strømmen af alle relevante oplysninger mellem afviklingsmyndighederne. Navnlig skal koncernafviklingsmyndigheden rettidigt give afviklingsmyndighederne i de øvrige medlemsstater alle relevante oplysninger med henblik på at fremme gennemførelsen af de i artikel 88, stk. 1, andet afsnit, litra b)-i), omhandlede opgaver.
3.   Efter modtagelse af en anmodning om oplysninger, som er fremsendt af et tredjelands afviklingsmyndighed, skal afviklingsmyndigheden anmode om tredjelandets afviklingsmyndigheds samtykke til videregivelse af disse oplysninger, medmindre tredjelandets afviklingsmyndighed allerede har givet sit samtykke til videregivelse af disse oplysninger.
Afviklingsmyndigheder er ikke forpligtet til på forespørgsel at videregive oplysninger, som er modtaget fra en afviklingsmyndighed i et tredjeland, hvis afviklingsmyndigheden i tredjelandet ikke har givet samtykke til videregivelse af oplysningerne.
4.   Afviklingsmyndigheder udveksler oplysninger med de kompetente ministerier, når de vedrører en beslutning eller forhold, der kræver underretning, høring eller samtykke af det kompetente ministerium, eller som kan få konsekvenser for offentlige midler.
Artikel 91
Koncernafvikling, der involverer et datterselskab af koncernen
1.   Konstaterer en afviklingsmyndighed, at et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), som er datterselskab af en koncern, opfylder betingelserne i artikel 32 eller 33, underretter denne myndighed omgående koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, hvis denne er en anden, den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed og medlemmerne af afviklingskollegiet for den pågældende koncern om nedenstående oplysninger:
a)
afgørelsen om, at instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), opfylder betingelserne i artikel 32 eller 33
b)
de afviklingshandlinger eller insolvensforanstaltninger, som afviklingsmyndigheden finder passende for instituttet eller enheden som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d).
2.   Ved modtagelse af den i stk. 1 omhandlede underretning foretager koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, efter høring af de øvrige medlemmer af det relevante afviklingskollegium, en vurdering af de mulige konsekvenser af de afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger, der er givet underretning om i henhold til stk. 1, litra b), for koncernen og for koncernenheder i andre medlemsstater, og navnlig om afviklingshandlingerne eller de andre foranstaltninger vil gøre det sandsynligt, at betingelserne for afvikling er opfyldt for en koncernenhed i en anden medlemsstat.
3.   Vurderer koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, efter høring af de andre medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet, at de afviklingshandlinger eller de andre foranstaltninger, der er givet underretning om i henhold til stk. 1, litra b), ikke vil gøre det sandsynligt, at betingelserne fastsat i artikel 32 eller 33 er opfyldt for en koncernenhed i en anden medlemsstat, kan den afviklingsmyndighed, der er ansvarlig for det pågældende institut eller den pågældende enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), træffe de afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger, den har givet underretning om i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 1, litra b).
4.   Vurderer koncernafviklingsmyndigheden, efter høring af de andre medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet, at de afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger, der er givet underretning om i henhold til nærværende artikels stk. 1, litra b), gør det sandsynligt, at betingelserne fastsat i artikel 32 eller 33 er opfyldt for en koncernenhed i en anden medlemsstat, skal koncernafviklingsmyndigheden senest 24 timer efter at have modtaget underretningen i henhold til stk. 1 foreslå en koncernafviklingsordning og fremlægge den for afviklingskollegiet. Denne frist på 24 timer kan forlænges med samtykke fra den afviklingsmyndighed, der har foretaget den i nærværende artikels stk. 1 omhandlede underretning.
5.   I tilfælde af, at koncernafviklingsmyndigheden ikke har fremlagt en vurdering inden for de 24 timer, eller en længere frist efter aftale, efter modtagelsen af underretningen i henhold til stk. 1, kan den afviklingsmyndighed, der har foretaget den i stk. 1 omhandlede underretning, iværksætte de afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger, der blev underrettet om i overensstemmelse med litra b), i samme stykke.
6.   En koncernafviklingsordning, som foreskrevet i stk. 4, skal:
a)
tage hensyn til og anvende de i artikel 13 omhandlede afviklingsplaner, medmindre afviklingsmyndighederne i lyset af sagens omstændigheder vurderer, at afviklingsmålene kan opfyldes mere effektivt ved at træffe foranstaltninger, som ikke er fastsat i afviklingsplanerne
b)
beskrive de afviklingshandlinger, der bør træffes af de kompetente afviklingsmyndigheder i forhold til modervirksomheden i Unionen eller bestemte koncernenheder med det formål at opfylde de afviklingsmål og -principper, der er omhandlet i artikel 31 og 34
c)
præcisere, hvordan disse afviklingshandlinger bør koordineres
d)
etablere en finansieringsplan, som tager hensyn til koncernafviklingsplanen, principperne for ansvarsdeling som fastsat i overensstemmelse med artikel 12, stk. 3, litra f), og gensidiggørelsen nævnt i artikel 107.
7.   Uden at dette berører stk. 8, består koncernafviklingsordningen i en fælles afgørelse truffet af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for de datterselskaber, der er omfattet af koncernafviklingsordningen.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 31, litra c), i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
8.   Hvis en afviklingsmyndighed modsætter sig eller fraviger den koncernafviklingsordning, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden har foreslået, eller finder, at den har behov for at træffe uafhængige afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger end dem, der er foreslået i ordningen, over for et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), af hensyn til den finansielle stabilitet, gør den detaljeret rede for uenigheden, eller årsagen til fravigelsen fra koncernafviklingsordningen, underretter koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de andre afviklingsmyndigheder, der er omfattet af koncernafviklingsordningen, om årsagerne og underretter dem om de foranstaltninger, den agter at træffe. Når denne afviklingsmyndighed angiver årsagerne til, at den er uenig, tager den hensyn til den i artikel 13 omhandlede afviklingsplan, den potentielle indvirkning på den finansielle stabilitet i de pågældende medlemsstater og foranstaltningernes potentielle indvirkning på andre dele af koncernen.
9.   De afviklingsmyndigheder, der ikke var uenige, jf. stk. 8, kan træffe en fælles afgørelse vedrørende en koncernafviklingsordning, der omfatter koncernenheder i deres medlemsstat.
10.   Den fælles afgørelse, som omhandles i stk. 7 eller 9, og de afgørelser, der træffes af afviklingsmyndighederne, hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse som omhandlet i stk. 8, anerkendes som endelig og anvendes af afviklingsmyndighederne i de berørte medlemsstater.
11.   Myndighederne iværksætter alle de i nærværende artikel anførte foranstaltninger omgående og under behørig hensyntagen til situationens hastende karakter.
12.   I ethvert tilfælde, hvor der ikke iværksættes nogen koncernafviklingsordning og afviklingsmyndighederne træffer afviklingshandlinger over for en koncernenhed, skal disse afviklingsmyndigheder arbejde tæt sammen i afviklingskollegiet med henblik på at nå frem til en koordineret afviklingsstrategi for alle nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende koncernenheder.
13.   Afviklingsmyndigheder, der iværksætter en afviklingshandling over for en koncernenhed, underretter afviklingskollegiets medlemmer regelmæssigt og på fyldestgørende vis om disse foranstaltninger og den løbende udvikling heraf.
Artikel 92
Koncernafvikling
1.   Konstaterer en koncernafviklingsmyndighed, at en modervirksomhed i Unionen, som den har ansvaret for, opfylder betingelserne omhandlet i artikel 32 eller 33, meddeler den omgående de i artikel 91, stk. 1, litra a) og b), omhandlede oplysninger til den konsoliderende tilsynsmyndighed, hvis denne er en anden, og til de andre medlemmer af afviklingskollegiet for den pågældende koncern.
Afviklingshandlingerne eller insolvensforanstaltningerne som omhandlet i artikel 91, stk. 1, litra b), kan omfatte iværksættelse af en koncernafviklingsordning, der er udarbejdet i overensstemmelse med artikel 91, stk. 6, i ethvert af følgende tilfælde:
a)
afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger på moderselskabsniveau, der er givet underretning om i henhold til artikel 91, stk. 1, litra b), gør det sandsynligt, at betingelserne fastsat i artikel 32 eller 33 er opfyldt for en koncernenhed i en anden medlemsstat
b)
afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger på moderselskabsniveau alene er ikke tilstrækkelige til at stabilisere situationen, eller det er ikke sandsynligt, at de vil skabe et optimalt resultat
c)
et eller flere datterselskaber opfylder betingelserne i artikel 32 eller 33 ifølge en konstatering fra de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for disse datterselskaber, eller
d)
afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger på koncernniveau vil gavne koncernens datterselskaber på en måde, der gør en koncernafviklingsordning relevant.
2.   Omfatter de foranstaltninger, der foreslås af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden i henhold til stk. 1, ikke en koncernafviklingsordning, skal koncernafviklingsmyndigheden træffe sin afgørelse efter høring af afviklingskollegiets medlemmer.
I sin beslutning skal koncernafviklingsmyndigheden tage hensyn til:
a)
og følge de i artikel 13 omhandlede afviklingsplaner og overholde disse planer, medmindre afviklingsmyndighederne i lyset af sagens omstændigheder vurderer, at afviklingsmålene kan opfyldes mere effektivt ved at træffe foranstaltninger, som ikke er fastsat i afviklingsplanerne
b)
de pågældende medlemsstaters finansielle stabilitet.
3.   Omfatter de foranstaltninger, der foreslås af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden i henhold til stk. 1, en koncernafviklingsordning, består koncernafviklingsordningen i en fælles afgørelse truffet af koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de afviklingsmyndigheder, der er ansvarlige for de datterselskaber, der er omfattet af koncernafviklingsordningen.
EBA kan efter anmodning fra en afviklingsmyndighed bistå afviklingsmyndighederne med at nå frem til en fælles afgørelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 31, litra c), i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
4.   Hvis en afviklingsmyndighed modsætter sig eller fraviger den koncernafviklingsordning, som koncernafviklingsmyndigheden har foreslået, eller finder, at den har behov for at træffe uafhængige afviklingshandlinger eller andre foranstaltninger end dem, der er foreslået i ordningen, over for et institut eller en enhed omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), af hensyn til den finansielle stabilitet, gør den detaljeret rede for uenigheden, eller årsagen til fravigelsen fra koncernafviklingsordningen, underretter koncernafviklingsmyndigheden og de andre afviklingsmyndigheder, der er omfattet af koncernafviklingsordningen, om årsagerne og underretter dem om de foranstaltninger, den agter at træffe. Når denne afviklingsmyndighed angiver årsagerne til, at den er uenig, tager den hensyn til den i artikel 13 omhandlede afviklingsplan, den potentielle indvirkning på den finansielle stabilitet i de pågældende medlemsstater og foranstaltningernes potentielle indvirkning på andre dele af koncernen.
5.   Afviklingsmyndigheder, der ikke var uenige i koncernafviklingsordningen, jf. stk. 4, kan træffe en fælles afgørelse vedrørende en koncernafviklingsordning, der omfatter koncernenheder i deres medlemsstat.
6.   Den fælles afgørelse, som er omhandlet i stk. 3 eller 5, og de afgørelser, der træffes af afviklingsmyndighederne, hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse, jf. stk. 4, anerkendes som endelig og anvendes af afviklingsmyndighederne i de berørte medlemsstater.
7.   Myndighederne iværksætter alle foranstaltningerne i nærværende artikel omgående og under behørig hensyntagen til situationens hastende karakter.
I ethvert tilfælde, hvor der ikke iværksættes nogen koncernafviklingsordning, og afviklingsmyndighederne træffer afviklingshandlinger over for en koncernenhed, skal disse afviklingsmyndigheder arbejde tæt sammen i afviklingskollegiet med henblik på at nå frem til en koordineret afviklingsstrategi for alle berørte koncernenheder.
Afviklingsmyndigheder, der iværksætter en afviklingshandling over for koncernenheder, underretter afviklingskollegiet regelmæssigt og på fyldestgørende vis om disse aktioner eller foranstaltninger og den løbende udvikling heraf.
AFSNIT VI
FORBINDELSER MED TREDJELANDE
Artikel 93
Aftaler med tredjelande
1.   Kommissionen kan i overensstemmelse med artikel 218 i TEUF fremsætte forslag for Rådet om at indlede forhandlinger med et eller flere tredjelande om aftaler vedrørende metoderne for samarbejde mellem afviklingsmyndigheder og de relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder, blandt andet med henblik på udveksling af oplysninger i forbindelse med genopretnings- og afviklingsplanlægning vedrørende institutter, finansieringsinstitutter, moderselskaber og tredjelandsinstitutter, med hensyn til følgende situationer:
a)
tilfælde, hvor et moderselskab i et tredjeland har datterselskabsinstitutter eller filialer, der anses for væsentlige, i to eller flere medlemsstater
b)
tilfælde, hvor et moderselskab, der er etableret i en medlemsstat, og som har et datterselskab eller en væsentlig filial i mindst en anden medlemsstat, har et eller flere datterselskabsinstitutter i tredjelande
c)
tilfælde, hvor et institut, der er etableret i en medlemsstat, og som har et moderselskab, et datterselskab eller en væsentlig filial i mindst en anden medlemsstat, har en eller flere filialer i et eller flere tredjelande.
2.   De i stk. 1 omhandlede aftaler skal navnlig søge at fastlægge procedurer og ordninger for samarbejde mellem afviklingsmyndigheder og de relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder i forbindelse med udførelsen af nogle eller alle de opgaver og udøvelse af nogle eller alle de beføjelser, der er anført i artikel 97.
3.   De i stk. 1 omhandlede aftaler indeholder ikke bestemmelser vedrørende individuelle institutter, finansieringsinstitutter, moderselskaber eller tredjelandsinstitutter.
4.   Medlemsstaterne kan indgå bilaterale aftaler med et tredjeland vedrørende de spørgsmål, der er omhandlet i stk. 1 og 2, indtil en aftale som omhandlet i stk. 1 med det relevante tredjeland træder i kraft, i det omfang en sådan bilateral aftale ikke er i uoverensstemmelse med nærværende afsnit.
Artikel 94
Anerkendelse og håndhævelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer
1.   Nærværende artikel finder anvendelse på tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer, medmindre og indtil en international aftale, jf. artikel 93, stk. 1, med det relevante tredjeland træder i kraft. Den finder også anvendelse, efter at en international aftale, jf. artikel 93, stk. 1, med det relevante tredjeland er trådt i kraft, i det omfang anerkendelse og håndhævelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer ikke er omfattet af denne aftale.
2.   I tilfælde, hvor der er oprettet et europæisk afviklingskollegium i henhold til artikel 89, skal dette træffe en fælles afgørelse om, hvorvidt det, med forbehold af artikel 95, anerkender tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer vedrørende et tredjelandsinstitut eller et moderselskab, der:
a)
har EU-datterselskaber etableret i, eller EU-filialer beliggende i og anset for væsentlige af, to eller flere medlemsstater, eller
b)
har aktiver, rettigheder eller forpligtelser placeret i to eller flere medlemsstater eller er omfattet af lovgivningen i disse medlemsstater.
Når der træffes en fælles afgørelse om anerkendelse af et tredjelands afviklingsprocedure, skal de respektive nationale afviklingsmyndigheder bestræbe sig på at håndhæve den anerkendte tredjelandsafviklingsprocedure i overensstemmelse med deres nationale ret.
3.   Hvis der ikke foreligger en fælles afgørelse truffet af de afviklingsmyndigheder, der indgår i afviklingskollegiet, eller der ikke er oprettet et afviklingskollegium, skal hver af de berørte afviklingsmyndigheder træffe sin egen afgørelse om, hvorvidt de, med undtagelse af i tilfælde, som er omhandlet i artikel 95, vil anerkende og håndhæve et tredjelands afviklingsprocedure vedrørende et institut eller et moderselskab i et tredjeland.
Denne afgørelse skal i behørigt omfang tage hensyn til hver enkelt medlemsstats interesser, for så vidt angår medlemsstater, hvor et tredjelands institut eller moderselskab opererer, og navnlig til den potentielle effekt af anerkendelse og håndhævelse af tredjelandsafviklingsproceduren på andre dele af koncernen og den finansielle stabilitet i disse medlemsstater.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne som minimum har beføjelse til at gøre følgende:
a)
udøve afviklingsbeføjelser i forhold til følgende:
i)
et tredjelandsinstituts eller moderselskabs aktiver, der befinder sig i deres medlemsstat eller er underlagt lovgivningen i deres medlemsstat
ii)
et tredjelandsinstituts rettigheder eller forpligtelser, der er bogført af EU-filialen i deres medlemsstat eller er underlagt lovgivningen i deres medlemsstat, eller når fordringer i forbindelse med sådanne rettigheder og forpligtelser kan fuldbyrdes i deres medlemsstat
b)
foretage, herunder ved en anden persons mellemkomst, overførsel af aktier eller ejerskabsinstrumenter i et EU-datterselskab, der er etableret i den udpegende medlemsstat
c)
udøve beføjelserne i artikel 69, 70 og 71 i forhold til de rettigheder, som parterne i en aftale med en i nærværende artikels stk. 2 omhandlet enhed nyder, når disse beføjelser er nødvendige for at håndhæve tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer, og
d)
forbyde håndhævelse af kontraktuelle rettigheder til at opsige, afvikle eller fremskynde kontrakter indgået af, eller påvirke de kontraktuelle rettigheder tilhørende enheder som omhandlet i stk. 2 og andre koncernenheder, hvis disse rettigheder er foranlediget af afviklingstiltag, der er taget i forhold til tredjelandsinstituttet, sådanne enheders eller andre koncernenheders moderselskab, hvad enten de er taget af tredjelandsafviklingsmyndigheden selv eller på anden vis i henhold til juridiske eller forskriftsmæssige krav vedrørende afviklingsordninger i det pågældende land, forudsat at de væsentlige forpligtelser i henhold til kontrakten, herunder betalings- og leveringsforpligtelser samt erlæggelse af sikkerhed, fortsat opfyldes.
5.   Afviklingsmyndigheder kan, hvis det er nødvendigt i samfundets interesse, træffe afviklingshandlinger over for et moderselskab i tilfælde, hvor den relevante tredjelandsmyndighed fastslår, at et institut, der er etableret i dette tredjeland, opfylder betingelserne for afvikling i henhold til lovgivningen i det pågældende tredjeland. Medlemsstaterne sikrer i dette øjemed, at afviklingsmyndighederne har beføjelse til at anvende alle afviklingsbeføjelser over for det pågældende moderselskab, og at artikel 68 finder anvendelse.
6.   Anerkendelse og håndhævelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer tilsidesætter ikke almindelig insolvensbehandling i henhold til, hvor relevant, gældende national ret, i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv.
Artikel 95
Retten til at nægte anerkendelse eller håndhævelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer
Afviklingsmyndigheden kan efter høring af andre afviklingsmyndigheder, hvis et europæisk afviklingskollegium er oprettet efter artikel 89, afvise at anerkende eller håndhæve tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer i henhold til artikel 94, stk. 2, hvis den finder:
a)
at tredjelandets afviklingsprocedure vil få negative virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet i den medlemsstat, hvor afviklingsmyndigheden er baseret, eller at proceduren kan få negative virkninger for den finansielle stabilitet i en anden medlemsstat
b)
at en uafhængig afviklingshandling i henhold til artikel 96 over for en EU-filial er nødvendig for at opfylde et eller flere afviklingsmål
c)
at kreditorer, herunder bl.a. indskydere, der er etableret eller skal betales i en medlemsstat, ikke vil modtage samme behandling som tredjelandskreditorer og indskydere med tilsvarende lovfæstede rettigheder efter de pågældende tredjelandes interne afviklingsprocedurer
d)
at anerkendelse eller håndhævelse af tredjelandes afviklingsprocedurer vil have væsentlige finansielle konsekvenser for medlemsstaten, eller
e)
at effekterne af en sådan anerkendelse eller håndhævelse vil stride mod national ret.
Artikel 96
Afvikling af EU-filialer
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne har de nødvendige beføjelser til at tage skridt over for en EU-filial, som ikke er omfattet af afviklingsprocedurer i et tredjeland, eller som er omfattet af tredjelandes procedurer, og en af de i artikel 95 omhandlede situationer gør sig gældende.
Medlemsstater sikrer, at artikel 68 finder anvendelse på udøvelsen af sådanne beføjelser.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne kan udøve de i stk. 1 påkrævede beføjelser, hvis afviklingsmyndigheden finder, at der er behov for en afviklingshandling, og en eller flere af følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
EU-filialen opfylder ikke længere eller forventes ikke længere at opfylde de nationale lovkrav for at blive meddelt tilladelse og udøve virksomhed i den pågældende medlemsstat, og der er ikke udsigt til, at et tiltag truffet af den private sektor, en tilsynsmyndighed eller det relevante tredjeland kan bringe filialen i overensstemmelse med lovkravene eller forhindre, at den bliver nødlidende, inden for en rimelig tid
b)
tredjelandsinstituttet er ifølge afviklingsmyndighedens mening ude af stand til eller uvilligt til eller forventes ikke at være i stand til at indfri sine forpligtelser over for kreditorer i Unionen eller forpligtelser, der er oprettet eller bogført gennem filialen, når de forfalder, og afviklingsmyndigheden har forvisset sig om, at der ikke er eller vil blive indledt afviklingsprocedurer eller insolvensbehandlinger i et tredjeland over for det pågældende tredjelandsinstitut inden for en rimelig tid
c)
den relevante tredjelandsmyndighed har indledt en tredjelandsafviklingsprocedure over for tredjelandsinstituttet eller har underrettet afviklingsmyndigheden om, at den agter at indlede en sådan procedure.
3.   Iværksætter en afviklingsmyndighed en uafhængig foranstaltning over for en EU-filial, skal den tage hensyn til følgende mål og iværksætte foranstaltningen i overensstemmelse med følgende principper og krav, såfremt de er relevante:
a)
principperne i artikel 34
b)
kravene vedrørende anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjer i afsnit IV, kapitel III.
Artikel 97
Samarbejde med tredjelandsmyndigheder
1.   Nærværende artikel finder anvendelse på samarbejde med et tredjeland, medmindre og indtil en international aftale i henhold til artikel 93, stk. 1, træder i kraft med det relevante tredjeland. Den finder også anvendelse, efter at en i artikel 93, stk. 1, anført international aftale med det relevante tredjeland er trådt i kraft, i det omfang emnet for nærværende artikel ikke er omfattet af denne aftale.
2.   EBA kan indgå ikke-bindende rammeaftaler om samarbejde med følgende relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder:
a)
i tilfælde, hvor et EU-datterselskab er etableret i to eller flere medlemsstater: de relevante myndigheder i det tredjeland, hvor moderselskabet eller et selskab som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d), er etableret
b)
i tilfælde, hvor et tredjelandsinstitut driver EU-filialer i to eller flere medlemsstater: den relevante myndighed i det tredjeland, hvor instituttet er etableret
c)
i tilfælde, hvor et moderselskab eller et selskab som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) og d), der er etableret i en medlemsstat med et datterselskabsinstitut eller en væsentlig filial i en anden medlemsstat, også har et eller flere datterselskabsinstitutter i tredjelande: de relevante myndigheder i de tredjelande, hvor de pågældende datterselskabsinstitutter er etableret
d)
i tilfælde, hvor et institut med et datterselskabsinstitut eller væsentlig filial i en anden medlemsstat har etableret en eller flere filialer i et eller flere tredjelande: de relevante myndigheder i de tredjelande, hvor de pågældende filialer er beliggende.
De i dette stykke omhandlede ordninger indeholder ikke bestemmelser vedrørende bestemte institutter. De pålægger ikke medlemsstaterne retlige forpligtelser.
3.   De rammeaftaler om samarbejde, der er omhandlet i stk. 2, skal indeholde bestemmelser om procedurer og ordninger mellem de deltagende myndigheder for udveksling af de fornødne oplysninger og samarbejde med henblik på gennemførelsen af nogle af eller alle følgende opgaver og med henblik på udøvelsen af nogle af eller alle følgende beføjelser i forhold til de i stk. 2, litra a)–d), omhandlede institutter eller koncerner, der omfatter sådanne institutter:
a)
udarbejdelse af afviklingsplaner i overensstemmelse med artikel 10 til 13 og lignende krav i de relevante tredjelandes lovgivning
b)
vurdering af sådanne institutters og koncerners afviklingsmuligheder i overensstemmelse med artikel 15 og 16 og lignende krav i de relevante tredjelandes lovgivning
c)
anvendelse af beføjelser til at afhjælpe eller fjerne hindringer for afvikling i overensstemmelse med artikel 17 og 18 og lignende krav i de relevante tredjelandes lovgivning
d)
anvendelse af foranstaltninger til tidlig indgriben i henhold til artikel 27 og lignende krav i de relevante tredjelandes lovgivning
e)
anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelse af afviklingsbeføjelser og lignende beføjelser, som kan anvendes af de relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder.
4.   De kompetente myndigheder eller afviklingsmyndighederne, alt efter hvad der er relevant, indgår ikkebindende samarbejdsaftaler i overensstemmelse med EBA's rammeaftale med de i stk. 2 nævnte relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder.
Nærværende artikel forhindrer ikke medlemsstaterne eller deres kompetente myndigheder i at indgå bilaterale eller multilaterale aftaler med tredjelande i overensstemmelse med artikel 33 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
5.   De samarbejdsaftaler, der indgås mellem medlemsstaternes og tredjelandes afviklingsmyndigheder i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, kan indeholde bestemmelser om følgende:
a)
udveksling af de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for udarbejdelse og vedligeholdelse af afviklingsplaner
b)
samråd og samarbejde i forbindelse med udarbejdelsen af afviklingsplaner, herunder principper for udøvelsen af de i artikel 94 og 96 og lignende beføjelser i henhold til lovgivningen i de relevante tredjelande
c)
udveksling af de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelsen af afviklingsbeføjelser og lignende beføjelser i henhold til lovgivningen i de relevante tredjelande
d)
tidlig varsling af eller høring af parterne i samarbejdsaftalen, inden der i henhold til dette direktiv eller relevant tredjelandslovgivning iværksættes væsentlige foranstaltninger, der påvirker det institut eller den koncern, som aftalen vedrører
e)
koordinering af kommunikation til offentligheden i tilfælde af fælles afviklingshandlinger
f)
procedurer og ordninger for informationsudveksling og samarbejde i henhold til litra a)-e), herunder i givet fald ved etablering og anvendelse af kriseforvaltningsgrupper.
6.   Medlemsstaterne underretter EBA om enhver samarbejdsaftale, som afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente myndigheder har indgået i henhold til nærværende artikel.
Artikel 98
Udveksling af fortrolige oplysninger
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndigheder, kompetente myndigheder og kompetente ministerier kun udveksler fortrolige oplysninger, herunder genopretningsplaner, med relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder, såfremt følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
de pågældende tredjelandsmyndigheder er underlagt krav og standarder om tavshedspligt, der mindst, ifølge samtlige berørte myndigheder, anses for at svare til de krav og standarder, der kræves i artikel 84.
For så vidt udveksling af oplysninger vedrører personoplysninger, skal håndtering og overførsel af sådanne oplysninger til tredjelandsmyndigheder ske i henhold til gældende EU-ret og national ret for databeskyttelse.
b)
oplysningerne er nødvendige for de kompetente tredjelandsmyndigheders udøvelse af deres afviklingsfunktioner i henhold til national ret, som svarer til de funktioner, der er fastsat i dette direktiv, og som med forbehold af litra a) ikke anvendes til andre formål.
2.   Når de fortrolige oplysninger kommer fra en anden medlemsstat, må afviklingsmyndighederne, de kompetente myndigheder og de kompetente ministerier ikke videregive disse oplysninger til relevante tredjelandsmyndigheder, medmindre følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
den relevante myndighed i den medlemsstat, som oplysningerne stammer fra (»afgivende myndighed«), godkender denne videregivelse
b)
oplysningerne videregives kun til de formål, der er godkendt af den afgivende myndighed.
3.   Med henblik på nærværende artikel betragtes oplysninger som fortrolige, hvis de er underlagt fortrolighedskrav i henhold til EU-retten.
AFSNIT VII
FINANSIERINGSORDNINGER
Artikel 99
Europæisk system af finansieringsordninger
Det europæiske system af finansieringsordninger oprettes og består af:
a)
nationale finansieringsordninger etableret i overensstemmelse med artikel 100
b)
låntagning mellem de nationale finansieringsordninger, jf. artikel 106
c)
gensidiggørelse af nationale finansieringsordninger i forbindelse med koncernafvikling, jf. artikel 107.
Artikel 100
Krav om etablering af ordninger for afviklingsfinansiering
1.   Medlemsstaterne etablerer en eller flere finansieringsordninger for at sikre, at afviklingsmyndigheden på effektiv vis kan anvende afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser.
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at en udpeget offentlig myndighed eller et organ tillagt offentlige forvaltningsmæssige beføjelser kan foranledige anvendelse af finansieringsordningerne.
Finansieringsordningerne må kun anvendes i overensstemmelse med de i artikel 31 og 34 fastsatte afviklingsmål og principper.
2.   Medlemsstaterne kan anvende samme administrative struktur som for deres finansieringsordninger til gennemførelse af deres indskudsgarantiordning.
3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der er afsat tilstrækkelige finansielle ressourcer til finansieringsordningerne.
4.   Med henblik på stk. 3 skal finansieringsordningerne navnlig have beføjelsen til at:
a)
opkræve ex ante-bidrag, jf. artikel 103, med henblik på at nå det i artikel 102 fastsatte målniveau
b)
opkræve ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag, jf. artikel 104, når de i litra a) anførte bidrag er utilstrækkelige, og
c)
indgå kontrakter om lån og andre former for støtte, jf. artikel 105.
5.   Bortset fra i tilfælde, der er tilladte i henhold til stk. 6, etablerer hver medlemsstat sine nationale finansieringsordninger gennem en fond, som dens afviklingsmyndighed kan foranledige anvendt til de formål, der er fastsat i artikel 101, stk. 1.
6.   Uanset nærværende artikels stk. 5 kan en medlemsstat med henblik på at opfylde sine forpligtelser i henhold til stk. 1 etablere sine nationale finansieringsordninger gennem obligatoriske bidrag fra institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på dens område, og hvis bidrag bygger på kriterierne i artikel 103, stk. 7, og som ikke ejes af en fond, der kontrolleres af medlemsstatens afviklingsmyndighed, forudsat at samtlige følgende betingelser er opfyldt:
a)
bidragenes størrelse som minimum svarer til det beløb, der skal skaffes efter artikel 102
b)
medlemsstatens afviklingsmyndighed har ret til et beløb, der svarer til størrelsen af disse bidrag, og som medlemsstaten straks stiller til rådighed for afviklingsmyndigheden på dennes anmodning; beløbet kan udelukkende anvendes til de formål, der er fastsat i artikel 101
c)
medlemsstaten underretter Kommissionen om sin beslutning om at benytte muligheden for at tilrettelægge sin finansieringsordning i overensstemmelse med dette stykke
d)
medlemsstaten underretter Kommissionen om det i litra b) omhandlede beløb mindst en gang om året, og
e)
finansieringsordningerne er, bortset fra hvad der er fastsat i nærværende stykke, forpligtet til at opfylde artikel 99–102, artikel 103, stk. 1-4 og 6, og artikel 104-109.
Med henblik på dette stykke kan de disponible finansielle midler, der skal tages i betragtning med henblik på at nå målniveauet i artikel 102, omfatte obligatoriske bidrag fra enhver ordning med obligatoriske bidrag, som en medlemsstat har etableret på et tidspunkt mellem den 17. juni 2010 og den 2. juli 2014, fra institutter på medlemsstatens område med henblik på at dække omkostningerne i forbindelse med systemisk risiko, sammenbrud og afvikling af institutter, forudsat at medlemsstaten overholder bestemmelserne i nærværende afsnit. Bidrag til indskudsgarantiordninger medregnes ikke i forbindelse med målniveauet for afviklingsfinansieringsordningen i artikel 102.
Artikel 101
Anvendelse af ordningerne for afviklingsfinansiering
1.   De finansieringsordninger, der etableres i overensstemmelse med artikel 100, kan udelukkende anvendes af afviklingsmyndigheden i det omfang, det er nødvendigt for at sikre en effektiv anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjerne, til følgende formål:
a)
at garantere aktiver og forpligtelser i det institut, der er under afvikling, dets datterselskaber, et broinstitut eller et porteføljeadministrationsselskab
b)
at yde lån til det institut, der er under afvikling, dets datterselskaber, et broinstitut eller et porteføljeadministrationsselskab
c)
at købe aktiver i det institut, der er under afvikling
d)
at yde kapitalbidrag til et broinstitut og et porteføljeadministrationsselskab
e)
at udbetale kompensation til aktionærer eller kreditorer i overensstemmelse med artikel 75
f)
at yde et bidrag til det institut, der er under afvikling, i stedet for nedskrivningen eller konverteringen af visse kreditorers passiver, når bail-in-værktøjet anvendes, og afviklingsmyndigheden beslutter at udelukke visse kreditorer fra bail-in-værktøjets anvendelsesområde i overensstemmelse med artikel 44, stk. 3-8
g)
at yde lån til andre finansieringsordninger på et frivilligt grundlag i overensstemmelse med artikel 106
h)
at iværksætte enhver kombination af de i litra a) til g) omhandlede foranstaltninger.
Finansieringsordningerne kan også anvendes til at iværksætte de i første afsnit omhandlede foranstaltninger i forhold til en køber i forbindelse med virksomhedssalgsværktøjet.
2.   Afviklingsfinansieringsordningen skal ikke anvendes direkte til at absorbere de tab, som et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), har lidt, eller til at rekapitalisere et institut eller en enhed. I tilfælde af at anvendelsen af afviklingsfinansieringsordningen til formålene i nærværende artikels stk. 1 indirekte medfører, at en del af de tab, som et institut eller en enhed som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), har lidt, overføres til afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, finder principperne for anvendelse af afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, jf. artikel 44, anvendelse.
Artikel 102
Målniveau
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at deres finansieringsordninger senest pr. 31. december 2024 råder over finansielle midler svarende til mindst 1 % af de dækkede indskud i alle de institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på deres område. Medlemsstaterne kan fastsætte målniveauer, der er højere end dette beløb.
2.   I den i stk. 1 omhandlede indledende periode fordeles de bidrag til finansieringsordningerne, der opkræves i overensstemmelse med artikel 103, så jævnt som muligt over perioden, indtil målniveauet er nået, men med behørig hensyntagen til konjunkturcyklussens fase og til den indvirkning, som procykliske bidrag kan have på de bidragydende institutters finansielle stilling.
Medlemsstaterne kan forlænge den indledende periode med højst fire år, hvis finansieringsordningerne har foretaget kumulative udbetalinger på over 0,5 % af de dækkede indskud fra alle de institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på deres område, og som er dækket i henhold til direktiv 2014/49/EU.
3.   Hvis de til rådighed stående finansielle midler efter den indledende periode, jf. stk. 1, falder til under målniveauet i nævnte stykke, skal der foretages regelmæssige opkrævninger i overensstemmelse med artikel 103, indtil målniveauet er nået. Efter at målet er nået første gang, og de til rådighed stående finansielle midler efterfølgende er blevet reduceret til mindre end to tredjedele af målniveauet, sættes disse bidrag til et niveau, der gør det muligt at nå målniveauet inden for seks år.
Det regelmæssige bidrag skal tage behørigt hensyn til konjunkturcyklussens fase og til den indvirkning, som procykliske bidrag kan have ved fastsættelsen af årlige bidrag, jf. dette stykke.
4.   EBA forelægger senest den 31. oktober 2016 Kommissionen en rapport med anbefalinger om det passende referencetidspunkt for fastsættelse af målniveauet for afviklingsfinansieringsordninger og navnlig, om de samlede passiver er et bedre egnet grundlag end dækkede indskud.
5.   På grundlag af resultaterne af den i stk. 4 omhandlede rapport forelægger Kommissionen, hvis det er hensigtsmæssigt, senest den 31. december 2016 Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet et lovgivningsmæssigt forslag om grundlaget for målniveauet for afviklingsfinansieringsordningerne.
Artikel 103
Ex ante-bidrag
1.   For at nå det i artikel 102 fastsatte målniveau sikrer medlemsstaterne, at der mindst en gang om året opkræves bidrag hos de institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på deres område, herunder EU-filialer.
2.   De enkelte institutters bidrag skal være pro rata af deres samlede passiver (ekskl. kapitalgrundlag) minus dækkede indskud i forhold til de samlede passiver (ekskl. kapitalgrundlag) minus dækkede indskud for alle de institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på medlemsstatens område.
Disse bidrag afpasses forholdsmæssigt efter institutternes risikoprofil, i overensstemmelse med de kriterier, der vedtages efter stk. 7.
3.   De disponible finansielle midler, der skal tages i betragtning med henblik på at nå det i artikel 102 fastsatte målniveau, kan også omfatte uigenkaldelige betalingsforpligtelser, som er fuldt dækket ind af sikkerhedsstillelse med aktiver med lav risiko, der ikke er behæftet med tredjemandsrettigheder, og som er til rådighed og øremærket til anvendelse af afviklingsmyndighederne til de i artikel 101, stk. 1, fastsatte formål. Andelen af uigenkaldelige betalingsforpligtelser må ikke overstige 30 % af de samlede bidrag, der opkræves i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel.
4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at pligten til at betale de bidrag, der er fastsat i nærværende artikel, kan håndhæves efter national ret, og at forfaldne bidrag betales fuldt ud.
Medlemsstaterne indfører passende registrerings-, regnskabs- og indberetningsforpligtelser mv. for at sikre, at forfaldne bidrag betales fuldt ud. Medlemsstaterne sikrer foranstaltninger med henblik på behørig efterprøvning af, om bidrag er blevet betalt efter reglerne. Medlemsstaterne sikrer foranstaltninger, der kan forhindre omgåelse, undgåelse og misbrug.
5.   De beløb, der opkræves i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel, må kun anvendes til de formål, der er anført i artikel 101, stk. 1.
6.   De beløb, der modtages fra det institut, der er under afvikling, eller fra broinstituttet, renter og andre investeringsafkast samt eventuelle andre indtægter kan gå til finansieringsordningerne, jf. dog artikel 37, 38, 40, 41 og 42.
7.   Kommissionen har beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115 for at præcisere, hvordan bidrag afpasses forholdsmæssigt efter institutternes risikoprofil, jf. nærværende artikels stk. 2, under hensyntagen til alle af følgende:
a)
instituttets risikoeksponering, herunder omfanget af dets handelsaktiviteter, dets ikke-balanceførte eksponeringer og gearingsgrad
b)
stabiliteten og mangfoldigheden af selskabets finansieringskilder samt ubehæftede, meget likvide aktiver
c)
instituttets finansielle situation
d)
sandsynligheden for, at instituttet skal afvikles
e)
i hvilket omfang instituttet tidligere har fået ekstraordinær finansiel støtte fra det offentlige
f)
kompleksiteten af instituttets opbygning og mulighederne for at afvikle det
g)
instituttets betydning for stabiliteten i det finansielle system eller i økonomien eller i en eller flere medlemsstater eller i Unionen
h)
den omstændighed, at instituttet er omfattet af en institutsikringsordning.
8.   Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115 for at præcisere:
a)
de i stk. 4 omhandlede registrerings-, regnskabs- og indberetningsforpligtelser mv., der skal sikre, at der rent faktisk betales bidrag
b)
de i stk. 4 omhandlede foranstaltninger, der skal sikre behørig efterprøvning af, om bidrag er blevet betalt efter reglerne.
Artikel 104
Ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag
1.   Er de disponible finansielle midler ikke tilstrækkelige til at dække tab, omkostninger eller andre udgifter i forbindelse med anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne, sikrer medlemsstaterne, at der opkræves ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag hos de institutter, der er meddelt tilladelse på deres område, for at dække de yderligere beløb. Disse ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag fordeles på institutterne efter reglerne fastsat i artikel 103, stk. 2.
Ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag må ikke overstige tre gange det årlige beløb af bidrag som fastsat i overensstemmelse med artikel 103.
2.   Artikel 103, stk. 4–8, finder anvendelse på de bidrag, der opkræves efter nærværende artikel.
3.   Afviklingsmyndigheden kan helt eller delvist udskyde et instituts betaling af ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag til afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, hvis betalingen af disse bidrag ville bringe instituttets likviditet eller solvens i fare. Sådan udskydelse tilstås ikke for en længere periode end seks måneder, men kan fornyes efter anmodning fra instituttet. Bidrag, der udskydes efter dette stykke, skal betales, når en sådan betaling ikke længere er til fare for instituttets likviditet eller solvens.
4.   Kommissionen tillægges beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter i overensstemmelse med artikel 115 med henblik på at præcisere, under hvilke forhold og på hvilke betingelser et instituts betaling af bidrag kan udskydes, jf. nærværende artikels stk. 3.
Artikel 105
Alternative finansieringsmidler
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at finansieringsordninger under deres jurisdiktioner kan indgå kontrakter om låntagning fra institutter, finansieringsinstitutter eller anden tredjemand, hvis de beløb, der er opkrævet i overensstemmelse med artikel 103, ikke er tilstrækkelige til at dække tab, omkostninger eller andre udgifter i forbindelse med anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne, og de ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag i henhold til artikel 104 ikke er umiddelbart tilgængelige eller tilstrækkelige.
Artikel 106
Låntagning mellem finansieringsordninger
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at finansieringsordninger under deres jurisdiktioner kan fremsætte en anmodning om at optage lån hos andre finansieringsordninger i Unionen, hvis:
a)
de beløb, der er opkrævet i henhold til artikel 103, ikke er tilstrækkelige til at dække tab, omkostninger eller andre udgifter i forbindelse med anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne
b)
de ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag fastsat i artikel 104 ikke er umiddelbart tilgængelige og
c)
de alternative finansieringsmidler fastsat i artikel 105 ikke er umiddelbart tilgængelige på rimelige betingelser.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at finansieringsordninger under deres jurisdiktioner har beføjelse til at yde lån til andre finansieringsordninger i Unionen under de i stk. 1 nævnte omstændigheder.
3.   Efter en anmodning i henhold til stk. 1 afgør hver enkelt af de andre finansieringsordninger i Unionen, om de vil yde lån til den finansieringsordning, der har foretaget anmodningen. Medlemsstaterne kan kræve, at denne afgørelse træffes efter høring af eller samtykke fra det kompetente ministerium eller den relevante forvaltning. Beslutningen træffes inden for et passende tidsrum.
4.   Rentesatsen, tilbagebetalingsperioden og andre vilkår og betingelser for lånene aftales mellem den låntagende finansieringsordning og de andre finansieringsordninger, der har besluttet at deltage. Alle de deltagende finansieringsordningers lån skal have samme rentesats, tilbagebetalingsperiode og andre vilkår og betingelser, medmindre alle deltagende finansieringsordninger bliver enige om andet.
5.   Den enkelte deltagende afviklingsfinansieringsordnings udlånte beløb skal være pro rata af de dækkede indskud i denne afviklingsfinansieringsordnings medlemsstat i forhold til de samlede dækkede indskud i medlemsstaternes deltagende afviklingsfinansieringsordninger. Disse bidragssatser kan variere efter aftale mellem alle deltagende finansieringsordninger.
6.   Et udestående lån til en afviklingsfinansieringsordning i en anden medlemsstat i henhold til nærværende artikel skal behandles som et aktiv tilhørende den afviklingsfinansieringsordning, der har ydet lånet, og kan medregnes i denne finansieringsordnings målniveau.
Artikel 107
Gensidiggørelse af nationale finansieringsordninger i tilfælde af afvikling af koncerner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at den national finansieringsordning for hvert institut, der er en del af koncernen, i tilfælde af en afvikling af koncernen, jf. artikel 91 eller artikel 92, bidrager til finansieringen af afviklingen af koncernen i overensstemmelse med nærværende artikel.
2.   Med henblik på anvendelsen af stk. 1 foreslår koncernafviklingsmyndigheden efter høring af afviklingsmyndighederne for de institutter, der indgår i koncernen, om nødvendigt inden der træffes afviklingshandlinger, en finansieringsplan som en del af koncernafviklingsordningen i artikel 91 og 92.
Finansieringsplanen skal godkendes i overensstemmelse med afgørelsesproceduren omhandlet i artikel 91 og 92.
3.   Finansieringsplanen skal omfatte:
a)
en værdiansættelse i overensstemmelse med artikel 36 vedrørende de berørte koncernenheder
b)
de tab, der skal anerkendes af den berørte koncernenhed på det tidspunkt, hvor afviklingsværktøjerne anvendes
c)
for hver berørt koncernenhed de tab, som hver klasse af aktionærer og kreditorer har lidt
d)
ethvert bidrag, som indskudsgarantiordninger vil blive pålagt at yde i overensstemmelse med artikel 109, stk. 1
e)
det samlede bidrag fra afviklingsfinansieringsordninger, og bidragets formål og form
f)
grundlaget for beregning af det beløb, som hver af de nationale finansieringsordninger i de medlemsstater, hvor der er etableret berørte koncernenheder, skal bidrage med til finansiering af koncernafviklingen med henblik på at opbygge det samlede bidrag, der er omhandlet i litra e)
g)
det beløb, som hver berørt koncernenheds nationale finansieringsordning skal bidrage med til finansieringen af koncernafviklingen, og disse bidrags form
h)
summen af de lån, som finansieringsordningerne i de medlemsstater, hvor de berørte koncernenheder er etableret, vil optage fra institutter, finansieringsinstitutter og anden tredjemand i henhold til artikel 105
i)
en tidsramme for anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne i de medlemsstater, hvor de berørte koncernenheder er etableret, og som om nødvendigt bør kunne udvides.
4.   Grundlaget for fordeling af de i stk. 3, litra e), omhandlede bidrag skal være foreneligt med nærværende artikels stk. 5 og med principperne i koncernafviklingsplanen i overensstemmelse med artikel 12, stk. 3, litra f), medmindre andet er aftalt i finansieringsplanen.
5.   Medmindre andet er aftalt i finansieringsplanen, skal grundlaget for beregning af bidrag fra hver enkelt national finansieringsordning navnlig tage hensyn til:
a)
den del af koncernens risikovægtede aktiver, der indehaves af de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), omhandlede institutter og enheder, der er etableret i afviklingsfinansieringsordningens medlemsstat
b)
den del af koncernens aktiver, der indehaves af de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) og d), omhandlede institutter og enheder, der er etableret i afviklingsfinansieringsordningens medlemsstat
c)
den del af tabet, der har givet anledning til et behov for koncernafvikling, og som stammer fra koncernenheder, der er under tilsyn af kompetente myndigheder i afviklingsfinansieringsordningens medlemsstat, og
d)
den del af ressourcerne for finansieringsordningerne for koncerner, der i henhold til finansieringsplanen forventes at være til direkte gavn for koncernenheder, der er etableret i afviklingsfinansieringsordningens medlemsstat.
6.   Medlemsstaterne fastsætter på forhånd regler og procedurer for at sikre, at hver national finansieringsordning er i stand til øjeblikkeligt at yde sit bidrag til finansiering af koncernafviklingen, jf. dog stk. 2.
7.   Med henblik på anvendelsen af nærværende artikel sikrer medlemsstaterne, at det på de i artikel 105 omhandlede betingelser er tilladt finansieringsordningerne for koncerner at indgå kontrakter om lån eller andre former for støtte fra institutter, finansieringsinstitutter eller andre tredjemænd.
8.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at nationale finansieringsordninger under deres jurisdiktioner kan garantere låntagning, som finansieringsordningerne for koncerner har indgået aftale om i overensstemmelse med stk. 7.
9.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at provenu eller fordele, der fremkommer ved anvendelsen af finansieringsordningerne for koncerner, allokeres til de nationale finansieringsordninger i overensstemmelse med deres bidrag til finansieringen af afviklingen, jf. stk. 2.
Artikel 108
Optagelse af indskud i prioritetsrækkefølge ved insolvens
Medlemsstaterne sikrer i national ret vedrørende almindelige insolvensbehandlinger:
a)
at følgende har den samme prioritet, som er højere end prioriteten for fordringer fra almindelige usikrede fordringer:
i)
den del af berettigede indskud fra fysiske personer og mikrovirksomheder, små og mellemstore virksomheder, som overskrider dækningsniveaet i artikel 6, i direktiv 2014/49/EU
ii)
indskud, der ville være berettigede indskud fra fysiske personer, mikrovirksomheder, små eller mellemstore virksomheder, hvis ikke de var foretaget gennem filialer beliggende uden for Unionen af institutter, der er etableret inden for Unionen
b)
at følgende har den samme prioritet, som er højere end prioriteten efter litra a):
i)
dækkede indskud
ii)
indskudsgarantiordninger, der indtræder i dækkede indskyderes rettigheder og forpligtelser ved insolvens.
Artikel 109
Anvendelse af indskudsgarantiordninger som led i afviklinger
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at hvis afviklingsmyndighederne træffer en afviklingshandling, og denne handling sikrer, at indskydere fortsat har adgang til deres indskud, hæfter den indskudsgarantiordning, som instituttet er medlem af, for:
a)
hvis bail-in-værktøjet anvendes: det beløb som dækkede indskud ville være blevet nedskrevet med for at absorbere tabene i instituttet i medfør af artikel 46, stk. 1, litra a), hvis dækkede indskud havde været omfattet af bail-in-værktøjets anvendelsesområde og nedskrevet i samme omfang som kreditorer med samme prioritetsniveau i henhold til de nationale bestemmelser om almindelig insolvensbehandling, eller
b)
hvis et eller flere andre afviklingsværktøjer end bail-in-værktøjet anvendes: størrelsen af det tab, som dækkede indskydere ville have lidt, hvis dækkede indskydere havde lidt tab proportionelt med de tab, kreditorer med samme prioritetsniveau i henhold til de nationale bestemmelser om almindelig insolvensbehandling ville have lidt.
I alle tilfælde skal indskudsgarantiordningens hæftelse ikke være større end de tab, den ville have lidt, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
Når bail-in-værktøjet anvendes, skal indskudsgarantiordningen i medfør af artikel 46, stk. 1, litra b), ikke yde bidrag til omkostningerne i forbindelse med rekapitalisering af instituttet eller broinstituttet.
Når det i form af en værdiansættelse i henhold til artikel 74 fastlægges, at indskudsgarantiordningens bidrag til afvikling var større end de nettotab, som den ville have lidt, hvis instituttet var blevet likvideret ved almindelig insolvensbehandling, er indskudsgarantiordningen berettiget til betaling af forskellen fra afviklingsfinansieringsordningen, jf. artikel 75.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at fastsættelsen af, med hvilket beløb indskudsgarantiordningen hæfter i henhold til stk. 1, er i overensstemmelse med betingelserne omhandlet i artikel 36.
3.   Bidraget fra indskydergarantiordningen, jf. stk. 1, skal betales kontant.
4.   Hvis berettigede indskud i et institut under afvikling overføres til en anden enhed ved hjælp af virksomhedssalgsværktøjet eller broinstitutværktøjet, har indskyderne ikke nogen fordring i henhold til direktiv 2014/49/EU mod indskudsgarantiordningen i relation til de dele af deres indskud i instituttet under afvikling, der ikke overføres, forudsat at de overførte midler er lig med eller større end det samlede dækningsniveau, der er fastsat i artikel 6 i direktiv 2014/49/EU.
5.   Uanset stk. 1–4 gælder, at hvis de til rådighed stående finansielle midler fra en indskudsgarantiordning anvendes i overensstemmelse hermed og efterfølgende reduceres til mindre end to tredjedele af indskudsgarantiordningens målniveau, sættes det regelmæssige bidrag til indskudsgarantiordninger til et niveau, der gør det muligt at nå målniveauet inden for seks år.
En indskudsgarantiordning må under alle omstændigheder ikke hæfte for et større beløb, end hvad der svarer til 50 % af dens målniveau i henhold til artikel 10 i 2014/49/EU. Medlemsstaterne kan under hensyntagen til deres nationale banksektorers særlige karakteristika fastsætte en procentdel, der er højere end 50 %.
Indskudsgarantiordningernes deltagelse efter dette direktiv må under alle omstændigheder ikke overstige de tab, den ville have lidt i en likvidation ved almindelig insolvensbehandling.
AFSNIT VIII
SANKTIONER
Artikel 110
Administrative sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger
1.   Uden at dette berører medlemsstaternes ret til at fastsætte og iværksætte strafferetlige sanktioner, fastlægger medlemsstaterne regler om administrative sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger, der kan anvendes, såfremt de nationale bestemmelser til gennemførelsen af dette direktiv i national ret, ikke overholdes, og træffer alle nødvendige foranstaltninger til at sikre, at de gennemføres. Hvis medlemsstaterne beslutter ikke at fastsætte bestemmelser om administrative sanktioner for overtrædelser, der er omfattet af national strafferet, meddeler de Kommissionen de relevante strafferetlige bestemmelser. De administrative sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger skal være effektive, stå i rimeligt forhold til overtrædelsen og have afskrækkende virkning.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at der i tilfælde af overtrædelser, hvor de i stk. 1 omhandlede forpligtelser påhvilende institutter, finansieringsinstitutter og modervirksomheder i Unionen er gældende, kan anvendes administrative sanktioner på de betingelser, der er fastsat i national ret, over for medlemmerne af ledelsesorganet og andre fysiske personer, som i henhold til national ret er ansvarlige for overtrædelsen.
3.   Beføjelsen til at indføre administrative sanktioner i medfør af dette direktiv tillægges afviklingsmyndighederne eller, i andre tilfælde, de kompetente myndigheder, afhængigt af overtrædelsens art. Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder tillægges alle de informationsindsamlings- og undersøgelsesbeføjelser, der er nødvendige for udøvelsen af deres respektive opgaver. Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder iværksætter et tæt samarbejde ved udøvelsen af deres sanktionsbeføjelser for at sikre, at administrative sanktioner eller andre administrative foranstaltninger får de ønskede virkninger, ligesom de koordinerer deres indsats i forbindelse med sager på tværs af grænserne.
4.   Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder udøver deres administrative sanktionsbeføjelser i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv og national ret på en af følgende måder:
a)
direkte
b)
i samarbejde med andre myndigheder
c)
på eget ansvar ved delegation til sådanne myndigheder
d)
ved begæring til de kompetente retslige myndigheder.
Artikel 111
Særlige bestemmelser
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at deres love, regler og administrative bestemmelser i det mindste fastsætter sanktioner og andre administrative foranstaltninger med hensyn til de følgende situationer:
a)
undladelse af i strid med artikel 5 eller 7 at udarbejde, vedligeholde og ajourføre genopretningsplaner og koncerngenopretningsplaner
b)
undladelse af i strid med artikel 25 at meddele den kompetente myndighed, at hensigten er at yde koncernintern finansiel støtte
c)
undladelse af i strid med artikel 11 at fremlægge alle de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for udarbejdelse af afviklingsplaner
d)
undladelse fra ledelsesorganets side i et institut eller i en enhed omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), af i strid med artikel 81, stk. 1, at give den kompetente myndighed meddelelse om, at instituttet eller enheden, jf. artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), er nødlidende eller forventeligt nødlidende.
2.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de administrative sanktioner og andre foranstaltninger, der kan anvendes i de tilfælde, der er omhandlet i stk. 1, mindst omfatter følgende:
a)
en offentlig meddelelse, hvori nævnes den/det ansvarlige fysiske person, institut, finansieringsinstitut, modervirksomhed i Unionen eller anden ansvarlig juridisk person og overtrædelsens art
b)
en afgørelse, hvorefter det pålægges den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske person at bringe den udviste handlemåde til ophør og at afholde sig fra at gentage en sådan handlemåde
c)
et midlertidigt forbud over for et medlem af ledelsesorganet eller den daglige ledelse i det eller den i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede instituttet eller enhed, eller enhver anden fysisk person, der anses for at være ansvarlig, til at varetage opgaver i de i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), omhandlede institutter eller enheder
d)
for juridiske personer, administrative bøder på op til 10 % af den juridiske persons samlede nettoårsomsætning i det foregående regnskabsår. Hvis virksomheden er et datterselskab af et moderselskab, er den relevante omsætning den omsætning, som fremgår af det øverste moderselskabs konsoliderede regnskaber for det foregående regnskabsår
e)
for fysiske personer, administrative bøder på op til 5 000 000 EUR eller i medlemsstater, hvor euroen ikke er den officielle valuta, den tilsvarende værdi i national valuta pr. den 2. juli 2014
f)
administrative bøder på op til det dobbelte af den fordel, der er opnået ved overtrædelsen, såfremt fordelen kan beregnes.
Artikel 112
Offentliggørelse af administrative sanktioner
1.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder på deres officielle websted offentliggør i det mindste alle de administrative sanktioner, som de pålægger for overtrædelse af de nationale bestemmelser, der gennemfører dette direktiv, såfremt sådanne sanktioner ikke er genstand for klage, eller hvis klagemuligheden er udtømt. Sådan offentliggørelse skal finde sted snarest muligt efter, at den sanktionerede fysiske eller juridiske person er blevet underrettet om afgørelsen, herunder oplysninger om typen og arten af overtrædelsen og identiteten af den fysiske eller juridiske person, som sanktionen pålægges.
Når medlemsstaterne tillader offentliggørelse af sanktioner, der er påklaget, offentliggør afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder hurtigst muligt på deres officielle websted oplysninger om status for denne klage og resultatet heraf.
2.   Afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder offentliggør de af dem pålagte sanktioner i anonymiseret form og på en måde, som er i overensstemmelse med national ret, hvis en af følgende omstændigheder gør sig gældende:
a)
hvis sanktionen pålægges en fysisk person, og det ved en obligatorisk forhåndsvurdering af proportionaliteten af en sådan offentliggørelse er påvist, at offentliggørelsen af personoplysninger ikke er forholdsmæssigt proportional
b)
hvis offentliggørelse vil skade stabiliteten på de finansielle markeder eller en igangværende strafferetlig efterforskning
c)
hvis offentliggørelsen ville forårsage en uforholdsmæssig stor skade, såfremt den kan beregnes, for institutterne eller enhederne som omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra b), c) eller d), eller de personer, der deltager.
Alternativt kan offentliggørelsen af de pågældende oplysninger i sådanne tilfælde udsættes i et rimeligt tidsrum, hvis det forudses, at grundene til en anonym offentliggørelse i dette tidsrum vil ophøre med at eksistere.
3.   Afviklingsmyndigheder og kompetente myndigheder sikrer, at en offentliggørelse i henhold til nærværende artikel forbliver på deres officielle websted i mindst fem år. Personoplysninger, der er indeholdt i offentliggørelsen, beholdes kun på afviklingsmyndighedernes eller på den kompetente myndigheds officielle websted, så længe det er nødvendigt, i overensstemmelse med de gældende databeskyttelsesregler.
4.   Senest den 3. juli 2016 forelægger EBA Kommissionen en rapport om medlemsstaternes anonymiserede offentliggørelse af sanktioner, jf. stk. 2, og navnlig når der har været betydelige forskelle mellem medlemsstaterne, hvad dette angår. Denne rapport skal desuden behandle alle betydelige forskelle i varigheden af medlemsstaternes offentliggørelse af sanktioner i henhold til national ret.
Artikel 113
EBA's centrale database
1.   Med forbehold for de i artikel 84 omhandlede krav om tavshedspligt underretter afviklingsmyndighederne og de kompetente myndigheder EBA om alle administrative sanktioner, som de har pålagt i henhold til artikel 111, og status for denne klage og resultatet deraf. EBA fører en central database om de sanktioner, der indberettes til den, udelukkende til brug for udveksling af oplysninger mellem afviklingsmyndigheder, der alene er tilgængelige for afviklingsmyndigheder, og som skal ajourføres på grundlag af de oplysninger, som afviklingsmyndighederne indberetter. EBA fører en central database om de sanktioner, der indberettes til den, udelukkende til brug for udveksling af oplysninger mellem de kompetente myndigheder, der alene er tilgængelige for de kompetente myndigheder, og som skal ajourføres på grundlag af de oplysninger, som de kompetente myndigheder indberetter.
2.   EBA ajourfører et websted med links til hver afviklingsmyndigheds offentliggørelse af sanktioner og hver kompetent myndigheds offentliggørelse af sanktioner i henhold til artikel 112 og angiver, hvor længe hver enkelt medlemsstat offentliggør sanktionerne.
Artikel 114
De kompetente myndigheders og afviklingsmyndigheders effektive anvendelse af sanktioner og udøvelse af sanktionsbeføjelser
Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne ved valget af arten af sanktioner eller andre administrative foranstaltninger og fastsættelsen af størrelsen af de administrative bøder tager højde for alle relevante omstændigheder, herunder, hvor det er relevant:
a)
overtrædelsens grovhed og varighed
b)
den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske persons grad af ansvar
c)
den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske persons finansielle styrke, f.eks. med udgangspunkt i den ansvarlige juridiske persons samlede omsætning eller den ansvarlige fysiske persons årsindkomst
d)
størrelsen på den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske persons fortjeneste eller undgåede tab, såfremt disse beløb kan beregnes
e)
de tab for tredjemænd, som kan tilskrives overtrædelsen, såfremt disse beløb kan beregnes
f)
den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske persons vilje til at samarbejde med den kompetente myndighed og afviklingsmyndigheden
g)
overtrædelser, som den ansvarlige fysiske eller juridiske person tidligere har begået
h)
eventuelle potentielle systemiske følger af overtrædelsen.
AFSNIT IX
GENNEMFØRELSESBEFØJELSER
Artikel 115
Udøvelse af de delegerede beføjelser
1.   Beføjelsen til at vedtage delegerede retsakter tillægges Kommissionen på de i nærværende artikel fastlagte betingelser.
2.   Beføjelsen til at vedtage delegerede retsakter, jf. artikel 2, stk. 2, artikel 44, stk. 11, artikel 76, stk. 4, artikel 103, stk. 7 og 8, og artikel 104, stk. 4, tillægges Kommissionen for en ubegrænset periode fra den 2. juli 2014.
3.   Den i artikel 2, stk. 2, artikel 44, stk. 11, artikel 76, stk. 4, artikel 103, stk. 7 og 8, og artikel 104, stk. 4, omhandlede delegation af beføjelser kan til enhver tid tilbagekaldes af Europa-Parlamentet eller Rådet. En afgørelse om tilbagekaldelse bringer delegationen af de beføjelser, der er angivet i den pågældende afgørelse, til ophør. Den får virkning dagen efter offentliggørelsen af afgørelsen i 
Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
 eller på et senere tidspunkt, der angives i afgørelsen. Den berører ikke gyldigheden af delegerede retsakter, der allerede er i kraft.
4.   Så snart Kommissionen vedtager en delegeret retsakt, giver den samtidigt Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet meddelelse herom.
5.   En delegeret retsakt vedtaget i henhold til artikel 2, stk. 2, artikel 44, stk. 11, artikel 76, stk. 4, artikel 103, stk. 7 og 8, eller artikel 104, stk. 4, træder kun i kraft, hvis hverken Europa-Parlamentet eller Rådet har gjort indsigelse inden for en frist på tre måneder fra meddelelsen af den pågældende retsakt til Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet, eller hvis Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet inden udløbet af denne frist begge har informeret Kommissionen om, at de ikke agter at gøre indsigelse. Fristen forlænges med tre måneder på Europa-Parlamentets eller Rådets initiativ.
6.   Kommissionen tillægges ikke beføjelse til at vedtage delegerede retsakter, hvor Europa-Parlamentets indsigelsesret, inkl. forlængelse, begrænses til under fem måneder på grund af ferie.
AFSNIT X
ÆNDRINGER TIL DIREKTIV 82/891/EØF, 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU OG 2013/36/EU OG FORORDNING (EU) Nr. 1093/2010 OG (EU) Nr. 648/2012
Artikel 116
Ændring af direktiv 82/891/EØF
Artikel 1, stk. 4, i direktiv 82/891/EØF affattes således:
»4.   Artikel 1, stk. 2, 3 og 4, i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/35/EU
 (
*1
)
 finder anvendelse.
(
*1
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/35/EU af 5. april 2011 om fusioner af aktieselskaber (
EUT L 110 af 29.4.2011, s. 1
).«
                           "
Artikel 117
Ændring af direktiv 2001/24/EF
I direktiv 2001/24/EF foretages følgende ændringer:
1)
I artikel 1 tilføjes følgende stykker:
»3.   Dette direktiv finder ligeledes anvendelse på investeringsselskaber som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 2), i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
 (
*2
)
 og på deres filialer, der er beliggende i en anden medlemsstat end den, hvor de har deres vedtægtsmæssige hjemsted.
4.   Ved anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelse af de afviklingsbeføjelser, der er fastsat i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*3
)
, finder bestemmelserne i dette direktiv ligeledes anvendelse på finansielle institutter, virksomheder og moderselskaber, der er omfattet af direktiv 2014/59/EU.
5.   Nærværende direktivs artikel 4 og 7 finder ikke anvendelse, hvis artikel 83 i direktiv 2014/59/EU finder anvendelse.
6.   Nærværende direktivs artikel 33 finder ikke anvendelse, hvis artikel 84 i direktiv 2014/59/EU finder anvendelse.
(
*2
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 af 26. juni 2013 om tilsynsmæssige krav til kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 176 af 27.6.2013, s. 1
)."
(
*3
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                                       "
2)
Artikel 2 affattes således:
»Artikel 2
Definitioner
I dette direktiv forstås ved:
—   
»hjemland«
: en medlemsstat som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 43), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
—   
»værtsland«
: en medlemsstat som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 44), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
—   
»filial«
: en filial som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 17), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013
—   
»kompetent myndighed«
: en kompetent myndighed som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 40), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, eller en afviklingsmyndighed i den i artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 18), i direktiv 2014/59/EU anvendte betydning for så vidt angår saneringsforanstaltninger i medfør af nævnte direktiv
—   
»administrator«
: enhver person eller ethvert organ, der er udpeget af de administrative eller retslige myndigheder, og hvis funktion er at administrere saneringsforanstaltninger
—   
»administrative eller retslige myndigheder«
: de administrative eller retslige myndigheder i medlemsstaterne, der er kompetente med hensyn til saneringsforanstaltninger eller likvidationsprocedurer
—   
»saneringsforanstaltninger«
: foranstaltninger, der har til formål at bevare eller genoprette den finansielle situation i et kreditinstitut eller et investeringsselskab, jf. definitionen i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 2), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013, og som vil kunne berøre tredjemands bestående rettigheder, herunder foranstaltninger, der indebærer mulighed for betalingsstandsning, udsættelse af tvangsfuldbyrdelsesforanstaltninger eller nedbringelse af fordringer; disse foranstaltninger omfatter anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer og udøvelse af de afviklingsbeføjelser, der er fastsat i direktiv 2014/59/EU
—   
»likvidator«
: enhver person eller ethvert organ, der er udpeget af de administrative eller retslige myndigheder, og hvis funktion er at administrere likvidationsprocedurer
—   
»likvidationsprocedurer«
: kollektive procedurer, der indledes og kontrolleres af de administrative eller retslige myndigheder i en medlemsstat med henblik på at realisere formuegenstande under disse myndigheders tilsyn, herunder når denne procedure afsluttes med en tvangsakkord eller en anden tilsvarende foranstaltning
—   
»reguleret marked«
: et reguleret marked som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 21), i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv nr. 65/2014/EU
 (
*4
)
—   
»instrument«
: et finansielt instrument som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 50), litra b), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013.
(
*4
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/65/EU af 15. maj 2014 om markeder for finansielle instrumenter og om ændring af direktiv 2002/92/EF og direktiv 2011/61/EU (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 349
).«
                                                "
3)
Artikel 25 affattes således:
»Artikel 25
Nettingaftaler
Nettingaftaler afgøres udelukkende efter den lovgivning, som finder anvendelse på disse aftaler, jf. dog artikel 68 og 71 i direktiv 2014/59/EU.«
4)
Artikel 26 affattes således:
»Artikel 26
Genkøbsaftaler
Nettingaftaler afgøres udelukkende efter den lovgivning, som finder anvendelse på disse aftaler, jf. dog artikel 68 og 71 i direktiv 2014/59/EU og artikel 24 i nærværende direktiv.«
Artikel 118
Ændring af direktiv 2002/47/EF
I direktiv 2002/47/EF foretages følgende ændringer:
1)
I artikel 1 tilføjes følgende stykke:
»6.   Artikel 4-7 i nærværende direktiv finder ikke anvendelse på nogen begrænsning af håndhævelsen af aftaler om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse eller nogen begrænsning af virkningen af en aftale om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse, nogen slutafregnings- eller modregningsbestemmelse, der pålægges i henhold til afsnit IV, kapitel V eller VI i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*5
)
, eller på nogen begrænsninger, der pålægges i henhold til tilsvarende beføjelser i en medlemsstats lovgivning med henblik på at lette afviklingen af en enhed som omhandlet i stk. 2, litra c), nr. iv), og litra d), og som er underlagt sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, der mindst svarer til dem, der er fastsat i afsnit IV, kapitel VII, i direktiv 2014/59/EU.
(
*5
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                                       "
2)
Artikel 9a affattes således:
»Artikel 9a
Direktiv 2008/48/EF og 2014/59/EU
Nærværende direktiv tilsidesætter ikke direktiv 2008/48/EF og 2014/59/EU.«
Artikel 119
Ændring af direktiv 2004/25/EF
I artikel 4, stk. 5, i direktiv 2004/25/EF tilføjes følgende afsnit:
»Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at artikel 5, stk. 1, i nærværende direktiv ikke finder anvendelse i tilfælde af anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer, -beføjelser og -ordninger, der er omhandlet i afsnit IV i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*6
)
.
(
*6
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                        "
Artikel 120
Ændring af direktiv 2005/56/EF
I artikel 3 i direktiv 2005/56/EØF tilføjes følgende stykke:
»4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at dette direktiv ikke finder anvendelse på det eller de selskaber, der er omfattet af anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer, -beføjelser og -ordninger, der er omhandlet i afsnit IV i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*7
)
.
(
*7
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                           "
Artikel 121
Ændring af direktiv 2007/36/EF
I direktiv 2007/36/EF foretages følgende ændringer:
1)
I artikel 1 tilføjes følgende stykke:
»4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at dette direktiv ikke finder anvendelse i tilfælde af anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer, -beføjelser og -ordninger, der er omhandlet i afsnit IV i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*8
)
.
(
*8
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                                       "
2)
I artikel 5 indsættes følgende stykker:
»5.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at generalforsamlingen med henblik på direktiv 2014/59/EU med et flertal på mindst to tredjedele af de gyldigt afgivne stemmer kan vedtage eller ændre vedtægten til at foreskrive, at en indkaldelse til en generalforsamling, hvor der skal træffes afgørelse om en kapitalforøgelse, sker med et kortere varsel end som fastsat i stk. 1 i nærværende artikel, når blot denne generalforsamling ikke finder sted inden for ti kalenderdage efter indkaldelsen, og såfremt betingelserne i artikel 27 eller 29 i direktiv 2014/59/EU er opfyldt, og såfremt den pågældende kapitalforøgelse er nødvendig for at undgå de betingelser for afvikling, der er fastsat i artikel 32 og 33 i nævnte direktiv.
6.   Med henblik på stk. 5 finder enhver medlemsstats forpligtelse til at fastsætte et tidspunkt, jf. artikel 6, stk. 3, forpligtelsen til at sikre at en revideret dagsorden er tilgængelig i god tid, jf. artikel 6, stk. 4, og enhver medlemsstats forpligtelse til at fastsætte én bestemt registreringsdato, jf. artikel 7, stk. 3, ikke anvendelse.«.
Artikel 122
Ændring af direktiv 2011/35/EU
I artikel 1 i direktiv 2011/35/EU tilføjes følgende stykke:
»4.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at dette direktiv ikke finder anvendelse på det eller de selskaber, der er omfattet af anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer, -beføjelser og -ordninger, der er omhandlet i afsnit IV i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*9
)
.
(
*9
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                           "
Artikel 123
Ændring af direktiv 2012/30/EU
I artikel 45 i direktiv 2012/30/EU tilføjes følgende stykke:
»3.   Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at artikel 10, artikel 19, stk. 1, artikel 29, stk. 1, 2 og 3, artikel 31, stk. 2, første afsnit, og artikel 33 til 36, artikel 40, 41 og 42 i dette direktiv ikke finder anvendelse i tilfælde af anvendelse af de afviklingsværktøjer, -beføjelser og -ordninger, der er omhandlet i afsnit IV i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*10
)
.
(
*10
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«."
Artikel 124
Ændring af direktiv 2013/36/EU
Artikel 74, stk. 4, i direktiv 2013/36/EU udgår.
Artikel 125
Ændring af forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010
I forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 foretages følgende ændringer:
1)
Artikel 4, nr. 2), affattes således:
»2)   
                                       »kompetent myndighed«:
i)
en kompetent myndighed som defineret i artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 40), i forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 og som omhandlet i direktiv 2007/64/EF og 2009/110/EF
ii)
i forbindelse med direktiv 2002/65/EF og 2005/60/EF, de myndigheder, der har ansvaret for at sikre, at kreditinstitutter og finansieringsinstitutter overholder kravene i disse direktiver
iii)
i forbindelse med Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/49/EF
 (
*11
)
, en udpeget myndighed som defineret i nævnte direktivs artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 18)
iv)
i forbindelse med direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*12
)
, en afviklingsmyndighed som defineret i nævnte direktivs artikel 2, stk. 1, nr. 18).
(
*11
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/49/EU af 16. april 2014 om indskudsgarantiordninger (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 149
)."
(
*12
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                                                   "
2)
I artikel 40, stk. 6, tilføjes følgende afsnit:
»Med henblik på handling inden for rammerne af direktiv 2014/59/EU kan det i stk. 1, litra b), nævnte medlem af tilsynsrådet, hvis det er hensigtsmæssigt, ledsages af en ikke-stemmeberettiget repræsentant for afviklingsmyndigheden i hver medlemsstat.«
Artikel 126
Ændring af forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012
I artikel 81, stk. 3,i forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012 tilføjes følgende litra:
»k)
afviklingsmyndighederne udpeget i henhold til artikel 3 i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU
 (
*13
)
.
(
*13
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU af 15. maj 2014 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF, af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU og af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 og (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 173 af 12.6.2014, s. 190
).«
                                 "
AFSNIT XI
AFSLUTTENDE BESTEMMELSER
Artikel 127
Afviklingsudvalg under EBA
EBA nedsætter i overensstemmelse med artikel 41 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 et permanent internt udvalg, der har til opgave at forberede afgørelser, som EBA skal træffe i henhold til artikel 44 i nævnte forordning, herunder afgørelser relateret til udkast til reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder og til gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder, der vedrører opgaver, som er blevet pålagt afviklingsmyndigheden i overensstemmelse med dette direktiv. EBA sikrer navnlig, jf. artikel 38, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 at afgørelser vedtaget i henhold til nævnte artikel ikke på nogen måde indvirker på medlemsstaternes finanspolitiske ansvar. Dette interne udvalg skal omfatte de i artikel 3 i nærværende direktiv omhandlede afviklingsmyndigheder.
EBA samarbejder i forbindelse med dette direktiv med ESMA og EIOPA inden for rammerne af Det Fælles Udvalg af Europæiske Tilsynsmyndigheder, som er nedsat ved artikel 54 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010, forordning (EU) nr. 1094/2010 og forordning(EU) nr. 1095/2010.
For så vidt angår dette direktiv sikrer EBA organisatorisk adskillelse mellem afviklingsudvalget og de øvrige funktioner, der er omhandlet i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010. Afviklingsudvalget skal fremme udvikling og samordning af afviklingsplaner og udarbejde metoder til afvikling af nødlidende finansielle institutter.
Artikel 128
Samarbejde med EBA
De kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne samarbejder med EBA, for så vidt angår dette direktiv, i overensstemmelse med forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
De kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne giver hurtigst muligt EBA alle de oplysninger, som sidstnævnte behøver for at kunne varetage sine opgaver i overensstemmelse med artikel 35 i forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010.
Artikel 129
Gennemgang
Senest den 1. juni 2018 gennemgår Kommissionen gennemførelsen af dette direktiv og forelægger rapport herom for Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet. Den vurderer navnlig følgende:
a)
på grundlag af den i artikel 4, stk. 7, omhandlede rapport fra EBA, behovet for ændringer med hensyn til at minimere forskellene på nationalt plan
b)
på grundlag af den i artikel 45, stk. 19, omhandlede rapport fra EBA, behovet for ændringer med hensyn til at minimere forskellene på nationalt plan
c)
funktionsdygtigheden og effektiviteten af den rolle, som EBA er pålagt i henhold til dette direktiv, herunder mægling.
Disse rapporter ledsages, hvis det er hensigtsmæssigt, af et lovgivningsforslag.
Uanset den gennemgang, der er omhandlet i første afsnit, foretager Kommissionen senest den 3. juli 2017 en specifik gennemgang af anvendelsen af artikel 13, 18 og 45, for så vidt angår EBA's beføjelser til at foretage bindende mægling for at tage hensyn til den fremtidige udvikling inden for ret om finansielle tjenesteydelser. Denne rapport og eventuelle dertil knyttede forslag fremsendes til Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet.
Artikel 130
Gennemførelse
1.   Medlemsstaterne vedtager og offentliggør senest den 31. december 2014 de love og administrative bestemmelser, der er nødvendige for at efterkomme dette direktiv. De tilsender straks Kommissionen ordlyden af disse love og bestemmelser.
Medlemsstaterne anvender disse love og bestemmelser fra den 1. januar 2015.
Medlemsstaterne anvender dog de love og bestemmelser, der er vedtaget for at efterkomme afsnit IV, kapitel IV, afdeling 5, senest fra den 1. januar 2016.
2.   Lovene og bestemmelserne omhandlet i stk. 1 skal ved vedtagelsen indeholde en henvisning til dette direktiv eller skal ved offentliggørelsen ledsages af en sådan henvisning. De nærmere regler for henvisningen fastsættes af medlemsstaterne.
3.   Medlemsstaterne meddeler Kommissionen og EBA teksten til de vigtigste nationale retsforskrifter, som de udsteder på det område, der er omfattet af dette direktiv.
Artikel 131
Ikrafttræden
Dette direktiv træder i kraft på tyvendedagen efter offentliggørelsen i 
Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
.
Artikel 124 træder i kraft den 1. januar 2015.
Artikel 132
Adressater
Dette direktiv er rettet til medlemsstaterne.
Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 15. maj 2014.
På Europa-Parlamentets vegne
M. SCHULZ
Formand
På Rådets vegne
D. KOURKOULAS
Formand
(
1
)
  
            
EUT C 39 af 12.2.2013, s. 1
.
(
2
)
  
            
EUT C 44 af 15.2.2013, s. 68
.
(
3
)
  Europa-Parlamentets holdning af 15.4.2014 (endnu ikke offentliggjort i EUT) og Rådets afgørelse af 6.5.2014.
(
4
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 575/2013 af 26. juni 2013 om tilsynsmæssige krav til kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012 (
EUT L 176 af 27.6.2013, s. 1
).
(
5
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/36/EU af 26. juni 2013 om adgang til at udøve virksomhed som kreditinstitut og om tilsyn med kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber, om ændring af direktiv 2002/87/EF og om ophævelse af direktiv 2006/48/EF og 2006/49/EF (
EUT L 176 af 27.6.2013, s. 338
).
(
6
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2002/87/EF af 16. december 2002 om supplerende tilsyn med kreditinstitutter, forsikringsselskaber og investeringsselskaber i et finansielt konglomerat og om ændring af Rådets direktiv 73/239/EØF, 79/267/EØF, 92/49/EØF, 92/96/EØF, 93/6/EØF og 93/22/EØF samt Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 98/78/EF og 2000/12/EF (
EUT L 35 af 11.2.2003, s. 1
).
(
7
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 648/2012 af 4. juli 2012 om OTC-derivater, centrale modparter og transaktionsregistre (
EUT L 201 af 7.2.2012, s. 1
).
(
8
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1093/2010 af 24. november 2010 om oprettelse af en europæisk tilsynsmyndighed (Den Europæiske Banktilsynsmyndighed), om ændring af afgørelse nr. 716/2009/EF og om ophævelse af Kommissionens afgørelse 2009/78/EF (
EUT L 331 af 15.12.2010, s. 12
).
(
9
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1092/2010 af 24. november 2010 om makrotilsyn på EU-plan med det finansielle system og om oprettelse af et europæisk udvalg for systemiske risici (
EUT L 331 af 15.12.2010, s. 1
).
(
10
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/34/EU af 26. juni 2013 om årsregnskaber, konsoliderede regnskaber og tilhørende beretninger for visse virksomhedsformer, om ændring af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2006/43/EF og om ophævelse af Rådets direktiv 78/660/EØF og 83/349/EØF (
EUT L 182 af 29.6.2013, s. 19
).
(
11
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/65/EU af 15. maj 2014 om markeder for finansielle instrumenter og om ændring af direktiv 2002/92/EF og direktiv 2011/61/EU (se side 349 i denne EUT).
(
12
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 596/2014 af 16. april 2014 om markedsmisbrug (forordningen om markedsmisbrug) og om ophævelse af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2003/6/EF og Kommissionens direktiv 2003/124/EF, 2003/125/EF og 2004/72/EF (se side 1 i denne EUT).
(
13
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/49/EU af 16. april 2014 om indskudsgarantiordninger (se side 149 i denne EUT).
(
14
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 98/26/EF af 19. maj 1998 om endelig afregning i betalingssystemer og værdipapirafviklingssystemer (
EFT L 166 af 11.6.1998, s. 45
).
(
15
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF af 4. april 2001 om sanering og likvidation af forsikringsselskaber (
EFT L 125 af 5.5.2001, s. 15
).
(
16
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2012/30/EU af 25. oktober 2012 om samordning af de garantier, der kræves i medlemsstaterne af de i artikel 54, stk. 2, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde, nævnte selskaber til beskyttelse af såvel selskabsdeltagernes som tredjemands interesser, for så vidt angår stiftelsen af aktieselskabet samt bevarelse af og ændringer i dets kapital, med det formål at gøre disse garantier lige byrdefulde (
EUT L 315 af 14.11.2012, s. 74
).
(
17
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/35/EU af 5. april 2011 om fusioner af aktieselskaber (
EUT L 110 af 29.4.2011, s. 1
).
(
18
)
  Rådets sjette direktiv 82/891/EØF af 17. december 1982 på grundlag af traktatens artikel 54, stk. 3, litra g), om spaltning af aktieselskaber (
EFT L 378 af 31.12.1982, s. 47
).
(
19
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2005/56/EF af 26. oktober 2005 om grænseoverskridende fusioner af selskaber med begrænset ansvar (
EUT L 310 af 25.11.2005, s. 1
).
(
20
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2004/25/EF af 21. april 2004 om overtagelsestilbud (
EUT L 142 af 30.4.2004, s. 12
).
(
21
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2007/36/EF af 11. juli 2007 om udøvelse af visse aktionærrettigheder i børsnoterede selskaber (
EUT L 184 af 14.7.2007, s. 17
).
(
22
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1094/2010 af 24. november 2010 om oprettelse af en europæisk tilsynsmyndighed (Den Europæiske Tilsynsmyndighed for Forsikrings- og Arbejdsmarkedspensionsordninger), om ændring af afgørelse nr. 716/2009/EF og om ophævelse af Kommissionens afgørelse 2009/79/EF (
EUT L 331 af 15.12.2010, s. 48
).
(
23
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1095/2010 af 24. november 2010 om oprettelse af en europæisk tilsynsmyndighed (Den Europæiske Værdipapir- og Markedstilsynsmyndighed), om ændring af afgørelse nr. 716/2009/EF og om ophævelse af Kommissionens afgørelse 2009/77/EF (
EUT L 331 af 15.12.2010, s. 84
).
(
24
)
  
            
EUT C 369 af 17.12.2011, s. 14
.
(
25
)
  Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1024/2013 af 15. oktober 2013 om overdragelse af specifikke opgaver til Den Europæiske Centralbank i forbindelse med politikker vedrørende tilsyn med kreditinstitutter (
EUT L 287 af 29.10.2013, s. 63
).
(
26
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2009/65/EF af 13. juli 2009 om samordning af love og administrative bestemmelser om visse institutter for kollektiv investering i værdipapirer (investeringsinstitutter) (
EUT L 302 af 17.11.2009, s. 32
).
(
27
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2002/47/EF af 6. juni 2002 om aftaler om finansiel sikkerhedsstillelse (
EFT L 168 af 27.6.2002, s. 43
).
(
28
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 97/9/EF af 3. marts 1997 om investorgarantiordninger (
EFT L 84 af 26.3.1997, s. 22
).
(
29
)
  Kommissionens henstilling 2003/361/EF af 6. maj 2003 om definitionen af mikrovirksomheder, små og mellemstore virksomheder (
EUT L 124 af 20.5.2003, s. 36
).
(
30
)
  Rådets direktiv 2001/23/EF af 12. marts 2001 om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om varetagelse af arbejdstagernes rettigheder i forbindelse med overførsel af virksomheder eller bedrifter eller af dele af virksomheder eller bedrifter (
EFT L 82 af 22.3.2001, s. 16
).
(
31
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2011/61/EU af 8. juni 2011 om forvaltere af alternative investeringsfonde og om ændring af direktiv 2003/41/EF og 2009/65/EF samt forordning (EF) nr. 1060/2009 og (EU) nr. 1095/2010 (
EUT L 174 af 1.7.2011, s. 1
).
(
32
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2003/71/EF af 4. november 2003 om det prospekt, der skal offentliggøres, når værdipapirer udbydes til offentligheden eller optages til handel, og om ændring af direktiv 2001/34/EF (
EUT L 345 af 31.12.2003, s. 64
).
(
33
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/34/EF af 28. maj 2001 vedrørende betingelserne for værdipapirers optagelse til officiel notering på en fondsbørs samt oplysninger, der skal offentliggøres om disse værdipapirer (
EFT L 184 af 6.7.2001, s. 1
).
(
34
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 593/2008 af 17. juni 2008 om lovvalgsregler for kontraktlige forpligtelser (Rom I) (
EUT L 177 af 4.7.2008, s. 6
).
(
35
)
  Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2004/109/EF af 15. december 2004 om harmonisering af gennemsigtighedskrav i forbindelse med oplysninger om udstedere, hvis værdipapirer er optaget til handel på et reguleret marked, og om ændring af direktiv 2001/34/EF (
EUT L 390 af 31.12.2004, s. 38
).
BILAG
AFSNIT A
Obligatoriske oplysninger i genopretningsplaner
Genopretningsplanen skal indeholde følgende oplysninger:
1)
et resumé af de vigtigste elementer i planen og en oversigt over den overordnede genopretningskapacitet
2)
et resumé af de væsentligste ændringer i instituttet siden den senest registrerede genopretningsplan
3)
en kommunikations- og offentliggørelsesplan, der beskriver, hvorledes selskabet agter at forvalte potentielle negative reaktioner fra markedet
4)
en række kapital- og likviditetsforanstaltninger, som er nødvendige for at opretholde eller genopbygge instituttets levedygtighed og finansielle stilling
5)
et skøn over tidsrammen for gennemførelsen af planens materielle aspekter
6)
en detaljeret beskrivelse af enhver væsentlig forhindring for en effektiv og rettidig gennemførelse af planen, herunder inddragelse af konsekvenserne for resten af koncernen, kunder og modparter
7)
identifikation af kritiske funktioner
8)
en detaljeret beskrivelse af proceduren for fastsættelse af værdien og salgbarheden af instituttets centrale forretningsområder, aktiviteter og aktiver
9)
en detaljeret beskrivelse af, hvorledes genopretningsplanen er integreret i instituttets ledelsesstruktur, samt af de politikker og procedurer, der gælder for godkendelse af genopretningsplanen og identifikation af de personer i organisationen, der har ansvaret for at forberede og gennemføre planen
10)
ordninger og foranstaltninger til at bevare eller genskabe instituttets kapitalgrundlag
11)
ordninger og foranstaltninger til at sikre, at instituttet har passende adgang til nødfinansieringskilder, herunder potentielle likviditetskilder, en vurdering af tilgængelige sikkerhedsstillelse og en vurdering af muligheden for at overføre likviditet mellem koncernenheder og forretningsområder, for at sikre, at det fortsat kan udføre sine aktiviteter og opfylde sine forpligtelser, efterhånden som de forfalder
12)
ordninger og foranstaltninger til at nedbringe risici og gearing
13)
ordninger og foranstaltninger til omstrukturering af forpligtelser
14)
ordninger og foranstaltninger til omstrukturering af forretningsområder
15)
ordninger og foranstaltninger, som er nødvendige for hele tiden at have adgang til de finansielle markeders infrastrukturer
16)
ordninger og foranstaltninger, som er nødvendige for at bevare den fortsatte drift af instituttets operationelle procedurer, herunder infrastrukturer og it-tjenesteydelser
17)
forberedende foranstaltninger til at fremme salget af aktiver eller forretningsområder inden for en passende tidsramme til genoprettelse af den finansielle sundhed
18)
andre forvaltningstiltag eller -strategier til genoprettelse af den finansielle sundhed og de forventede finansielle konsekvenser af disse tiltag eller strategier
19)
forberedende foranstaltninger, som instituttet har iværksat eller agter at iværksætte for at fremme genopretningsplanens gennemførelse, herunder de foranstaltninger, der er nødvendige for at muliggøre rettidig rekapitalisering af instituttet
20)
et sæt indikatorer, som angiver, hvornår der kan træffes passende foranstaltninger i henhold til planen.
AFSNIT B
Oplysninger, som afviklingsmyndighederne kan anmode institutter om at levere med henblik på udarbejdelse og opretholdelse af afviklingsplaner
Afviklingsmyndighederne kan anmode institutter om at levere mindst følgende oplysninger med henblik på udarbejdelse og opretholdelse af afviklingsplaner:
1)
en detaljeret beskrivelse af instituttets organisationsstruktur, herunder en liste over alle juridiske personer
2)
angivelse af den direkte indehaver og procentdelen af stemmerettigheder og ikke-stemmerettigheder for hver juridisk person
3)
beliggenhed, oprettelsesstat, meddelelse af tilladelse og øverste ledelse for hver juridisk person
4)
en oversigt over instituttets kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder, herunder væsentlige aktiver og passiver i tilknytning til sådanne funktioner og forretningsområder, for hver juridisk person
5)
en detaljeret beskrivelse af elementerne i instituttets og alle dets juridiske enheders passiver, som et minimum opdelt efter type og størrelse af kort- og langfristet gæld, sikrede, usikrede og efterstillede forpligtelser
6)
detaljerede oplysninger om de af instituttets passiver, der er nedskrivningsrelevante passiver
7)
en beskrivelse af de procedurer, som er nødvendige for at fastslå, til hvem instituttet har givet sikkerhedsstillelse, hvilken person der har sikkerhedsstillelsen, og i hvilken jurisdiktion sikkerhedsstillelsen befinder sig
8)
en beskrivelse af instituttets og dets juridiske enheders ikkebalanceførte eksponeringer, herunder en oversigt over dets kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder
9)
instituttets væsentligste afdækninger, herunder en oversigt pr. juridiske personer
10)
identifikation af instituttets største eller mest kritiske modparter og en analyse af konsekvenserne af de største modparters misligholdelse for instituttets finansielle situation
11)
hvert system, i hvilket instituttet foretager et væsentligt antal handler eller handler for en væsentlig værdi, herunder en oversigt pr. instituttets juridiske personer, kritisk funktion og centralt forretningsområde
12)
hvert betalings-, clearings- eller afregningssystem, som instituttet er direkte eller indirekte medlem af, herunder en oversigt pr. instituttets juridiske personer, kritisk funktion og centralt forretningsområde
13)
en detaljeret fortegnelse over og en detaljeret beskrivelse af de centrale ledelsesinformationssystemer, herunder for risikostyring, bogføring samt finansiel og reguleringsmæssig indberetning, som anvendes af instituttet, herunder en oversigt pr. instituttets juridiske personer, kritisk funktion og centralt forretningsområde
14)
identifikation af ejerne af de i punkt 13 anførte systemer, tilknyttede serviceleveranceaftaler og software og systemer eller licenser, herunder en oversigt pr. dets juridiske enheder, kritisk funktion og centralt forretningsområde
15)
identifikation af og en oversigt over de juridiske personer samt sammenkoblinger og den indbyrdes afhængighed mellem de forskellige juridiske personer, f.eks.:
—
fælles eller delt personale, faciliteter og systemer
—
kapital-, finansierings- eller likviditetsordninger
—
eksisterende krediteksponeringer eller eventuelle krediteksponeringer
—
krydsgarantiordninger, krydssikkerhedsstillelser, krydsklausuler (cross default) og krydsnettingordninger
—
risikooverførsler og ejermatchning (back-to-back-handel) serviceleveranceaftaler
16)
den kompetente tilsyns- og afviklingsmyndighed for hver juridisk person
17)
det medlem af ledelsesorganet, der er ansvarligt for at indgive de oplysninger, der er nødvendige for at forberede instituttets afviklingsplan, og eventuelt andre personer, der er ansvarlige for de forskellige juridiske personer, kritiske funktioner og centrale forretningsområder
18)
en beskrivelse af de ordninger, som instituttet har etableret for at sikre, at afviklingsmyndigheden i tilfælde af afvikling råder over alle nødvendige oplysninger, således som fastsat af afviklingsmyndigheden, med henblik på anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjer og -beføjelser
19)
alle aftaler, som institutterne og deres juridiske enheder har indgået med tredjemænd, og hvis ophævelse kan udløses af en afgørelse fra myndighederne om at anvende et afviklingsværktøj, samt hvorvidt konsekvenserne af ophævelsen kan påvirke afviklingsværktøjets anvendelse
20)
en beskrivelse af mulige likviditetskilder til støtte for afviklingen
21)
oplysninger om aktivbehæftelser, likvide aktiver, ikke-balanceførte aktiviteter, afdækningsstrategier og bogføringspraksis.
AFSNIT C
Aspekter, som afviklingsmyndigheden skal vurdere ved vurdering af et instituts eller en koncerns afviklingsmuligheder
Ved vurderingen af et instituts eller en koncerns afviklingsmuligheder tager afviklingsmyndigheden hensyn til følgende:
Ved vurderingen af en koncerns afviklingsmuligheder forstås ved henvisning til et institut sådanne institutter eller enheder, som er omhandlet i artikel 1, stk. 1, litra c) eller d), inden for en koncern:
1)
hvorvidt instituttet er i stand til at henføre centrale forretningsområder og kritiske funktioner til juridiske personer
2)
hvorvidt juridiske strukturer og selskabsstrukturer er tilpasset centrale forretningsområder og kritiske funktioner
3)
hvorvidt der findes ordninger til at sikre, at personale, infrastruktur, finansiering, likviditet og kapital er til rådighed i tilstrækkeligt omfang til, at de centrale forretningsområder og de kritiske funktioner kan støttes og opretholdes
4)
hvorvidt de serviceaftaler, som instituttet har indgået, kan håndhæves fuldt ud i tilfælde af afvikling af instituttet
5)
hvorvidt instituttets ledelsesstruktur er hensigtsmæssig med henblik på at administrere og sikre overholdelse af instituttets interne politikker med hensyn til serviceleveranceaftaler
6)
hvorvidt instituttet har en procedure for overdragelse af tjenesteydelser, der leveres i henhold til serviceleveranceaftaler til tredjemænd i tilfælde af adskillelse af kritiske funktioner eller centrale forretningsområder
7)
hvorvidt der forefindes beredskabsplaner og foranstaltninger til at sikre kontinuitet i adgangen til betalings- og afregningssystemer
8)
hvorvidt ledelsesinformationssystemerne er tilstrækkelige til at sikre, at afviklingsmyndighederne er i stand til at indsamle nøjagtige og fyldestgørende oplysninger om centrale forretningsområder og kritiske funktioner med henblik på at fremme en hurtig beslutningstagning
9)
hvorvidt ledelsesinformationssystemerne er i stand til at levere de nødvendige oplysninger for en effektiv afvikling af instituttet til enhver tid, selv under forhold i hastig forandring
10)
hvorvidt instituttet har afprøvet sine ledelsesinformationssystemer under stressscenarier som defineret af afviklingsmyndigheden
11)
hvorvidt instituttet kan sikre ledelsesinformationssystemernes kontinuitet både for det berørte institut og det nye institut i en situation, hvor de kritiske funktioner og de centrale forretningsområder er adskilt fra de øvrige funktioner og forretningsområder
12)
hvorvidt instituttet har etableret passende procedurer til at sikre, at det/den giver afviklingsmyndighederne de nødvendige oplysninger med henblik på at identificere indskydere og de beløb, der er dækket af indskudsgarantiordningerne
13)
såfremt koncernen anvender koncerninterne sikkerhedsstillelser, hvorvidt disse sikkerhedsstillelser udbydes til markedsvilkår og risikostyringssystemerne for disse garantier er robuste
14)
såfremt koncernen foretager »back-to-back«-transaktioner, hvorvidt disse transaktioner udføres til markedsvilkår, og risikostyringssystemerne for disse transaktioner er robuste
15)
hvorvidt anvendelsen af disse koncerninterne sikkerhedsstillelser eller »back-to-back«-transaktioner øger afsmitningseffekten inden for koncernen
16)
hvorvidt koncernens juridiske struktur forhindrer anvendelsen af afviklingsværktøjer på grund af antallet af juridiske personer, koncernstrukturens kompleksitet eller vanskeligheden i at tilpasse forretningsområderne til koncernenhederne
17)
omfanget og typen af instituttets nedskrivningsrelevante passiver
18)
såfremt vurderingen omfatter et blandet selskab, hvorvidt afviklingen af koncernenheder, som er institutter eller finansieringsinstitutter, kan have en negativ indvirkning på den ikke-finansielle del af koncernen
19)
hvorvidt der findes serviceleveranceaftaler, og hvor stabile de er
20)
hvorvidt tredjelandsmyndigheder har de nødvendige afviklingsværktøjer til at støtte afviklingshandlinger truffet af afviklingsmyndigheder i Unionen, og mulighederne for koordineret handling mellem myndighederne i Unionen og tredjelandsmyndighederne
21)
hvorvidt det er muligt at anvende afviklingsværktøjer på en måde, der opfylder afviklingsmålene, under hensyntagen til de værktøjer, der er til rådighed, og instituttets struktur
22)
i hvilket omfang koncernstrukturen giver afviklingsmyndigheden mulighed for at afvikle hele koncernen eller en eller flere af dens koncernenheder, uden at dette får væsentlige direkte eller indirekte negativ virkning på det finansielle system, markedets tillid eller økonomien, og med henblik på at maksimere værdien af koncernen som helhed
23)
hvilke ordninger og midler, der kan lette afviklingen i tilfælde af koncerner, der har datterselskaber etableret i forskellige jurisdiktioner
24)
hvorvidt det kan antages, at afviklingsværktøjerne anvendes på en sådan måde, at afviklingsmålene opfyldes, under hensyntagen til de mulige konsekvenser for kreditorer, modparter, kunder og personale, og hvilke foranstaltninger tredjelandsmyndigheder vil kunne træffe
25)
i hvilket omfang der kan foretages en rimelig vurdering af konsekvenserne af instituttets afvikling for det finansielle system og for finansmarkedernes tillid
26)
i hvilket omfang afviklingen af instituttet kan have væsentlige direkte eller indirekte negative virkninger på det finansielle system, markedets tillid eller økonomien
27)
i hvilket omfang der kan dæmmes op for afsmitningseffekter på andre institutter eller på finansmarkederne gennem anvendelse af afviklingsværktøjerne og -beføjelserne
28)
i hvilket omfang afviklingen af instituttet kan få væsentlige konsekvenser for betalings- og afregningssystemernes drift.

Summary:
Håndtering af nødlidende finansielle institutters problemer
RESUMÉ AF:
Direktiv 2014/59/EU om regler for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber
HVAD ER FORMÅLET MED DIREKTIVET?
Direktiv 2014/59/EU fastsætter nye regler, der omfatter nødlidende finansielle institutter, da mange af 
Den Europæiske Union
s (EU) 
medlemsstater
 har været nødt til at tilføre offentlige midler til deres banksystemer for at redde bankerne efter den finansielle krise i 2008.
Direktivet
 har til formål at undgå såkaldte 
redningspakker
, der involverer brug af skatteydernes penge, hvis banker fremover får problemer.
Direktivet fastlægger 
fælles EU-regler for genopretning og afvikling af nødlidende banker
.
HOVEDPUNKTER
Banker med problemer — forebyggelse
Hver bank skal udarbejde en 
genopretningsplan
 og indsende den til den nationale kompetente myndighed.
Den nationale afviklingsmyndighed skal også udarbejde en 
afviklingsplan
, hvis genopretningen ikke er effektiv, og der er brug for omstrukturering (afvikling).
Begge planer beskriver den handling, der skal iværksættes, hvis en bank får problemer, der fører til dens sammenbrud.
Banker i en svær finansiel situation — tidlig indgriben
Hvis en bank befinder sig i en svær finansiel situation, har den nationale kompetente myndighed beføjelse til at gribe ind ved for eksempel at udpege en midlertidig administrator for banken.
Nødlidende banker — omstrukturering (afvikling)
Hvis bankens nedgang fortsætter, har den nationale myndighed en bred vifte af omstruktureringsbeføjelser til at begrænse de omkostninger, som skatteyderne skal betale for dens sammenbrud, herunder kravet om, at den private sektor først bærer omkostningerne.
Denne såkaldte 
bail-in-mekanisme
, der markerer et kursskifte i forhold til den offentlige redningspakke, skulle være trådt i kraft senest i 
januar 2016
. Medlemsstaterne kunne beslutte at indarbejde bail-in-værktøjet i deres retssystemer før denne dato.
Hvis en bank får problemer, er det i første omgang 
aktionærerne
, der skal dække omstruktureringsomkostningerne. Dernæst bliver 
kreditorerne
 anmodet om at bidrage og til sidst 
kreditorer med indskud, der ikke er dækket af en garantiordning
 (indskud over 
100 000 EUR
). Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 
2017/2399
 harmoniserede reglerne om bankkreditorhierarkiet gennem oprettelsen af en 
ny klasse af ikkeprivilegeret seniorgæld
, der er insolvent over egne instrumenter og efterstillede passiver, men under andre overordnede passiver. Denne nye lovbestemte prioritetsrækkefølge ved insolvens for ikkeprivilegeret seniorgæld har til formål at forbedre anvendelsen af bail-in-værktøjet for så vidt angår gældsinstrumenter, der opfylder minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver (MREL). Den vil også hjælpe med gennemførelsen i EU af 
standarden for samlet tabsabsorberingskapacitet
 for 
globale systemisk vigtige finansielle institutioner
.
Aktionærerne og kreditorerne skal bidrage til den nødlidende institutions tab. De skal dække tab, der udgør mindst 
8 %
 af de samlede passiver (gæld eller obligationer) i den bank, der er under omstrukturering. Hvis der stadig er tab, der skal dækkes, kan afviklingsfonden (se herunder) gribe ind. Andre af de nationale myndigheders beføjelser omfatter muligheden for at sælge den institution, der er under omstrukturering, eller fusionere den med en anden.
For at gennemføre standarden for samlet tabsabsorberingskapacitet, der blev udarbejdet af 
Rådet for Finansiel Stabilitet
 i november 2015, indførte ændringsdirektiv (EU) 
2019/879
 nye regler om kreditinstitutters og investeringsselskabers tabsabsorberings- og rekapitaliseringskapacitet.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 
2022/2556
 tilpasser bestemmelserne i direktivet og flere andre relaterede direktiver til kravene vedrørende IKT-risiko for finansielle enheder, der er fastsat i forordningen om den finansielle sektors digitale operationelle modstandsdygtighed, forordning (EU) 
2022/2554
 (se 
resumé
).
Nationale afviklingsfonde skal yde finansiel støtte til bankernes omstruktureringsplaner
Hver medlemsstat skal oprette en 
national afviklingsfond
, der finansieres forud af de kreditinstitutioner og investeringsfirmaer, der er etableret i det pågældende land. Denne fond skal bruges til at 
finansiere omstruktureringen af en nødlidende bank
.
Det fælles europæiske adgangspunkt
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 
2023/2864
 indfører en artikel i direktiv 2014/59/EU, der kræver, at medlemsstaterne fra den 
10. januar
 2030
 sikrer, at den relevante enhed, når den offentliggør regulerede oplysninger, samtidig indsender disse oplysninger til indsamlingsorganet. De skal også underrette 
Den Europæiske Værdipapir- og Markedstilsynsmyndighed
 med henblik på at gøre dem tilgængelige på 
det fælles europæiske adgangspunkt
, der blev oprettet ved forordning (EU) 
2023/2859
.
Fastsættelse af det interne MREL på et konsolideret grundlag
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 
2024/1174
 indfører regler, der giver afviklingsmyndighederne mulighed for at 
fastsætte den interne MREL på et konsolideret grundlag
 på visse betingelser. Dette er for at mindske risikoen for uforholdsmæssigt store og skadelige indvirkninger for visse bankkoncernstrukturer, dvs. dem, der drives under et moderselskab og visse driftsselskabsstrukturer — et scenarie, der er identificeret af 
Europa-Kommissionen
. Hvis afviklingsmyndigheden giver en bankkoncern tilladelse til at anvende denne konsoliderede behandling, er de mellemliggende datterselskaber ikke forpligtet til at fratrække deres individuelle besiddelser i det interne MREL.
Gennemførelsesretsakter
 og 
delegerede retsakter
Mellem 2015 og 2024 vedtog Kommissionen en række 
gennemførelsesretsakter og delegerede retsakter
 i forbindelse med direktiv 2014/59/EU. Disse omfatter:
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2015/63
 vedrørende:
beregning og justering af institutters risikoprofil og af de bidrag, som bankerne skal indbetale til afviklingsfonde
oplysninger, som banker skal stille til rådighed med henblik på beregning af bidragene til en afviklingsfond.
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/778
 vedrørende:
forhold og betingelser, under hvilke en institutions tilbagebetaling af bidrag til en afviklingsfond helt eller delvist kan udsættes
kriterier for fastsættelse af, hvilke af institutionens aktiviteter, tjenesteydelser og transaktioner der er væsentlige for økonomien
kriterier for fastsættelse af centrale forretningsområder og tilknyttede tjenesteydelser.
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/860
 om yderligere præcisering af de omstændigheder, under hvilke udelukkelse fra anvendelsen af nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelserne er nødvendig, jf. artikel 44, stk. 3, i direktiv 2014/59/EU
Gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2016/911
 om formen og indholdet af beskrivelsen af aftaler om koncernintern finansiel støtte
Gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2016/962
 om ensartede formater, skemaer og definitioner for identifikation og videregivelse af oplysninger fra de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne til 
Den Europæiske Banktilsynsmyndighed
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/1075
 om blandt andet standarder for indholdet i genopretningsplaner, afviklingsplaner og koncernafviklingsplaner
Gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2016/1400
 om de elementer, der mindst skal være omfattet af en virksomhedsomlægningsplan, og minimumsindholdet af rapporterne om gennemførelse
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/1401
 om standarder for metoder og principper for værdiansættelse af passiver hidrørende fra derivater
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/1450
 om kriterierne i forbindelse med metoden til fastsættelse af MREL
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2016/1712
 om standarder for oplysninger om finansielle kontrakter
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2017/867
 om kategorier af aftaler, der skal beskyttes i forbindelse med en delvis overførsel af ejendom
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2018/344
 om reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer kriterierne vedrørende metoderne til værdiansættelse af forskel i behandlingen i forbindelse med afvikling
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2018/345
 om reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer kriterierne i forbindelse med metoden til værdiansættelse af aktiver og forpligtelser i institutter eller enheder
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2019/348
 om reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, som præciserer kriterierne for vurdering af konsekvenserne for de finansielle markeder, andre institutter og finansieringsvilkårene af, at et institut bliver nødlidende
Gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2021/622
 om gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for så vidt angår skemaer, vejledning i og metode for indberetning af MREL til Den Europæiske Banktilsynsmyndighed
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2021/1118
 vedrørende reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer den metode, som afviklingsmyndighederne skal bruge til at vurdere det krav, der er omhandlet i direktiv 2013/36/EU, og det kombinerede bufferkrav til afviklingsenheder på det konsoliderede niveau, hvis afviklingsgruppen ikke er underlagt disse krav i direktivet
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2021/1340
 for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder til fastlæggelse af indholdet af kontraktbestemmelser om anerkendelse af beføjelser til udsættelse under afvikling
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2021/1527
 om reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for kontraktmæssig anerkendelse af nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2023/662
 om ændring af delegeret forordning (EU) 2015/63 for så vidt angår metoden til beregning af passiver, der opstår på grundlag af derivater
Gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2024/1618
 om ændring af gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2021/763 for så vidt angår indberetning med henblik på tilsyn og offentliggørelse af minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver
Delegeret forordning (EU) 
2024/895
 om ændring af delegeret forordning (EU) 2015/63 for så vidt angår beregningen af nedskrivningsrelevante passiver og overgangsordningen.
HVORNÅR GÆLDER REGLERNE FRA?
Direktiv 2014/59/EU
 skulle være 
gennemført
 i national lovgivning senest den 
31. december
 2014
, og reglerne trådte i kraft den 
1. januar
 2015
.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 2017/2399
 skulle være gennemført i national lovgivning senest den 
29. december
 2018
, og reglerne har været gældende siden denne dato.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 2019/879
 skulle være gennemført i national lovgivning inden den 
28. december 2020
. Dets regler har været gældende i medlemsstaterne siden denne dato, med undtagelse af reglen om offentliggørelse af MREL, der trådte i kraft den 
1. januar
 2024
, med senere ikrafttrædelsesdatoer i visse tilfælde.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 2022/2556
 skulle være gennemført i national lovgivning senest den 
17. januar
 2025
, og reglerne har været gældende siden denne dato.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 2023/2864
 skal være gennemført i national lovgivning senest den 
10. januar
 2026
 og træder i kraft den dag.
Ændringsdirektiv (EU) 2024/1174
 skulle være gennemført i national lovgivning senest den 
13. november
 2024
, og reglerne har været gældende siden 
14. november
 2024
.
BAGGRUND
For yderligere oplysninger henvises til:
Bankgenopretning og -afvikling
 (Europa-Kommissionen).
HOVEDDOKUMENT
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 
2014/59/EU
 af 
15. maj
 2014
 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber og om ændring af Rådets direktiv 82/891/EØF og Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/24/EF, 2002/47/EF, 2004/25/EF, 2005/56/EF, 2007/36/EF, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU og 2013/36/EU samt forordning (EU) 
nr. 1093/2010
 og (EU) 
nr. 648/2012
 (EUT 
L 173
 af 
12.6.2014
, 
s. 190
).
Efterfølgende ændringer til direktiv 2014/59/EU er indarbejdet i grundteksten. Denne 
konsoliderede udgave
 har ingen retsvirkning.
TILHØRENDE DOKUMENTER
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) 
2023/2859
 af 
13. december
 2023
 om oprettelse af et fælles europæisk adgangspunkt, som giver centraliseret adgang til offentligt tilgængelige oplysninger med relevans for finansielle tjenesteydelser, kapitalmarkeder og bæredygtighed (EUT 
L, 2023/2859
, 
20.12.2023
).
Se den 
konsoliderede udgave
.
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) 
2022/2554
 af 
14. december
 2022
 om digital operationel modstandsdygtighed i den finansielle sektor og om ændring af forordning (EF) 
nr. 1060/2009
, (EU) 
nr. 648/2012
, (EU) 
nr. 600/2014
, (EU) 
nr. 909/2014
 og (EU) 2016/1011 (EUT 
L 333
 af 
27.12.2022
, 
s. 1
).
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv (EU) 
2022/2556
 af 
14. december
 2022
 om ændring af direktiv 2009/65/EF, 2009/138/EF, 2011/61/EU, 2013/36/EU, 2014/59/EU, 2014/65/EU, (EU) 2015/2366 og (EU) 2016/2341 for så vidt angår digital operationel modstandsdygtighed i den finansielle sektor (EUT 
L 333
 af 
27.12.2022
, 
s. 153
).
Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2021/622
 af 
15. april
 2021
 om gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for anvendelsen af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår ensartede indberetningsskemaer, vejledning i og metode for indberetning af minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver (EUT 
L 131
 af 
16.4.2021
, 
s. 123
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2021/1118
 af 
26. marts
 2021
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer den metode, som afviklingsmyndigheder skal anvende til at skønne det krav, der er omhandlet i 
artikel 104a
 i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/36/EU, og det kombinerede bufferkrav for afviklingsenheder på konsolideret afviklingskoncernniveau, hvis afviklingskoncernen ikke er omfattet af disse krav i henhold til nævnte direktiv (EUT 
L 241
 af 
8.7.2021
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2021/1340
 af 
22. april
 2021
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder til fastlæggelse af indholdet af kontraktbestemmelser om anerkendelse af beføjelser til udsættelse under afvikling (EUT 
L 292
 af 
16.8.2021
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2021/1527
 af 
31. maj
 2021
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder til præcisering af kontraktmæssig anerkendelse af nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser (EUT 
L 329
 af 
17.9.2021
, 
s. 2
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2019/348
 af 
25. oktober
 2018
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, som præciserer kriterierne for vurdering af konsekvenserne for de finansielle markeder, andre institutter og finansieringsvilkårene af, at et institut bliver nødlidende (EUT 
L 63
 af 
4.3.2019
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2018/344
 af 
14. november
 2017
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer kriterierne vedrørende metoderne til værdiansættelse af forskel i behandlingen i forbindelse med afvikling (EUT 
L 67
 af 
9.3.2018
, 
s. 3
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2018/345
 af 
14. november
 2017
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer kriterierne i forbindelse med metoden til værdiansættelse af aktiver og forpligtelser i institutter eller enheder (EUT 
L 67
 af 
9.3.2018
, 
s. 8
).
Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2018/1624
 af 
23. oktober
 2018
 om gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder vedrørende procedurer for samt standardformularer og skemaer til indberetning af oplysninger i forbindelse med afviklingsplaner for kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber i medfør af Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU og om ophævelse af Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2016/1066 (EUT 
L 277
 af 
7.11.2018
, 
s. 1
).
Se den 
konsoliderede udgave
.
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2017/867
 af 
7. februar
 2017
 om kategorier af aftaler, der skal beskyttes i forbindelse med en delvis overførsel af ejendom i henhold til artikel 76 i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU (EUT 
L 131
 af 
20.5.2017
, 
s. 15
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/778
 af 
2. februar
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår de forhold og betingelser, under hvilke betalingen af ekstraordinære ex post-bidrag helt eller delvis kan udskydes, og kriterierne for fastsættelse af aktiviteter, ydelser og transaktioner med hensyn til kritiske funktioner og for fastsættelse af forretningsområder og hertil knyttede ydelser med hensyn til centrale forretningsområder (EUT 
L 131
 af 
20.5.2016
, 
s. 41
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/860
 af 
4. februar
 2016
 om yderligere præcisering af de omstændigheder, under hvilke udelukkelse fra anvendelsen af nedskrivnings- eller konverteringsbeføjelserne er nødvendig, jf. artikel 44, stk. 3, i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber (EUT 
L 144
 af 
1.6.2016
, 
s. 11
).
Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2016/911
 af 
9. juni
 2016
 om gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder for formen og indholdet af beskrivelsen af aftaler om koncernintern finansiel støtte i overensstemmelse med Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets 
direktiv 2014/59/EU
 om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber (EUT 
L 153
 af 
10.6.2016
, 
s. 25
).
Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 
2016/962
 af 
16. juni
 2016
 om gennemførelsesmæssige tekniske standarder vedrørende de ensartede formater, skemaer og definitioner for identifikation og videregivelse af oplysninger fra de kompetente myndigheder og afviklingsmyndighederne til Den Europæiske Banktilsynsmyndighed i overensstemmelse med Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU (EUT 
L 160
 af 
17.6.2016
, 
s. 35
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/1075
 af 
23. marts
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder om indholdet af genopretningsplaner, afviklingsplaner og koncernafviklingsplaner, de minimumskriterier, som den kompetente myndighed skal vurdere i forbindelse med genopretningsplaner og koncerngenopretningsplaner, betingelserne for koncernintern finansiel støtte, kravene vedrørende uafhængige valuarer, den kontraktmæssige anerkendelse af nedskrivnings- og konverteringsbeføjelser, procedurerne og indholdet i forbindelse med underretningskrav og meddelelsen om suspension samt afviklingskollegiernes virkemåde i praksis (EUT 
L 184
 af 
8.7.2016
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/1400
 af 
10. maj
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer de elementer, der mindst skal være omfattet af en virksomhedsomlægningsplan, og minimumsindholdet af rapporterne om status med hensyn til gennemførelsen af planen (EUT 
L 228
 af 
23.8.2016
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/1401
 af 
23. maj
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder for metoder og principper for værdiansættelse af passiver hidrørende fra derivater (EUT 
L 228
 af 
23.8.2016
, 
s. 7
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/1450
 af 
23. maj
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer kriterierne i forbindelse med metoden til fastsættelse af minimumskravet til kapitalgrundlag og nedskrivningsrelevante passiver (EUT 
L 237
 af 
3.9.2016
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2016/1712
 af 
7. juni
 2016
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU om et regelsæt for genopretning og afvikling af kreditinstitutter og investeringsselskaber for så vidt angår reguleringsmæssige tekniske standarder, der præciserer et minimumssæt af oplysninger om finansielle kontrakter, der bør være omfattet af de detaljerede registre, og de omstændigheder, hvorunder dette krav bør gælde (EUT 
L 258
 af 
24.9.2016
, 
s. 1
).
Kommissionens delegerede forordning (EU) 
2015/63
 af 
21. oktober
 2014
 om supplerende regler til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2014/59/EU for så vidt angår 
ex ante
-bidrag til afviklingsfinansieringsordninger (EUT 
L 11
 af 
17.1.2015
, 
s. 44
).
Se den 
konsoliderede udgave
.
seneste ajourføring 
09.11.2024