oih/oih-wis2 huggingface dataset:
Nearshore Macrophyte  Stable Isotopes - BC Central Coast - 2014-2019

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-04-01/2019-07-18

The macrophyte stable isotope dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

Macrophyte tissue samples were collected from five major nearshore habitats over the years 2014 - 2019. Samples were collected from sites on or in the near vicinity of northern Calvert Island on the central coast of BC. Collection sites varied significantly in character both among and within habitats. At each site, the dominant macrophyte species were targeted for collection. As a result, a variety of species, from algae and seagrasses, are found within this dataset and vary slightly in sampling methods between habitats. The tissue samples were dried, processed, and analyzed for natural abundances of 13C and 15N. 

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Eelgrass Extent 2014 - Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

Eelgrass extent mapped out for selected sites for the Hakai Outer Shores program. Polygons represent eelgrass beds digitized using underwater video.
People involved: Luba Reshitnyk (boat operator and data producer), Ondine Pontier (field assistant and video analysis), Midoli Bresch (field assistant),Carolyn Knapper (field assistant), Ben Millard-Martin (field assistant)

Equipment: Splashcam pro, Field computer, Hakai Blue
Refer to Video Habitat Mapping protocol.pdf at https://drive.google.com/a/hakai.org/?tab=mo#folders/0Byed_WX-ZNMabWxFTS04MUppWW8

Methods: Georeferenced video data were analyzed by Ondine Pontier with classification of video every 2 seconds for substrate and biological features in a hierarchical classification scheme in an excel spreadsheet. Data were sent to Luba Reshitnyk September 14th 2014. Video data were imported into ArcGIS and polygons were drawn around transect lines where eelgrass was present.

Hakai Institute, Luba Reshitnyk, Keith Holmes, Ondine Pontier, Midoli Bresch, Carolyn Knapper, Ben Millard-Martin
Fucus Dynamics - Point Intercept Surveys - BC Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-06-27T00:00:00

The Fucus dynamics dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The dynamics of Fucus distichus beds were assessed from 2016-2019 at three coastal sites along the northwest edge of Calvert Island on the central coast of British Columbia. All three sites were exposed rocky shorelines with large beds of Fucus distichus algae. The structure and composition of the macroalgae & benthic invertebrate communities were surveyed in these beds using a point-intercept design within permanent plots. The sites were surveyed on an approximately monthly basis from May-September, with two winter surveys in November and February.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Kelp and Seagrass Mapping – 2022 – Hakai Airborne Coastal Observatory

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2022-07-29/2022-08-26

The Hakai Institute Marine Habitat Mapping Program is focused on documenting the spatial changes and drivers in coastal marine ecosystems (kelp and eelgrass) at various spatial scales in British Columbia (local, regional and coast-wide). To study regional scale trends we are developing and refining methods for mapping species-specific kelp extent and biomass using high-resolution aerial imagery to inform the long-term collection of kelp distribution in British Columbia.
Canopy-forming kelps are a critical component of many nearshore marine ecosystems, including those of British Columbia. The canopy kelps Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) and Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) form complex, three-dimensional habitat that supports a diversity of fish, invertebrates and marine mammals. Canopy kelps are also amongst the most productive primary producers on the planet, serving as an important source of carbon to coastal food webs.
Like many other kelp species, canopy-forming kelps show high seasonal and interannual variability as their recruitment, growth and survival are influenced by a number of abiotic (e.g. temperature, salinity, nutrients, light) and biotic (e.g. grazing, intraspecific competition) drivers.
As a result, kelp populations are expected to change in response to shifts in underlying environmental conditions associated with climate change. They may also shift in response to changes in the biotic community (e.g. sea otter recovery, sea star wasting disease) or human activities (e.g. sea urchin harvest, kelp harvest).
Surveys conducted by the Hakai ACO are targeted to collect imagery during summer low tides when kelp biomass is at its highest. Low tide imagery is also necessary for mapping other nearshore habitats such as eelgrass. The high resolution of the aerial cameras permit the discrimination of different kelp species.


The Airborne Coastal Observatory (ACO) is a collaborative program led by the Hakai Institute with partners the University of Northern British Columbia and Kisik Aerial Surveying. The program offers rapid and accurate aerial observations of coastal ecosystems, from Icefields to Oceans. A Kisik Aerial Piper Navajo aircraft is packed with an array of integrated Earth imaging sensors and technology to provide highly visual and highly accurate data. 
Hakai’s Airborne Coastal Observatory was developed to map and monitor icefields to oceans by using a combination of airborne Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging), high-resolution imagery, and hyperspectral imagery.  Combined, the ACO sensors provide data to quantify changes in seasonal snow cover and glacier mass loss.
The ACO is an aerial remote sensing platform used by the Hakai Institute to survey landscapes in detail. A Piper Navajo aircraft carries an array of integrated airborne mapping sensors installed to collect data in concert. The aircraft is operated and maintained by Kisik Aerial Surveys (Delta, BC). 
For more information on post processing, data quality assurance, software used, and summary of results please contact data@hakai.org
Kelp and Eelgrass – BC Central Coast – 2021 - Hakai Airborne Coastal Observatory

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2021-07-27/2021-08-12

The Hakai Institute Marine Habitat Mapping Program is focused on documenting the spatial changes and drivers in coastal marine ecosystems (kelp and eelgrass) at various spatial scales in British Columbia (local, regional and coast-wide). To study regional scale trends we are developing and refining methods for mapping species-specific kelp extent and biomass using high-resolution aerial imagery to inform the long-term collection of kelp distribution in British Columbia.    

Canopy-forming kelps are a critical component of many nearshore marine ecosystems, including those of British Columbia. The canopy kelps Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) and Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) form complex, three-dimensional habitat that supports a diversity of fish, invertebrates and marine mammals. Canopy kelps are also amongst the most productive primary producers on the planet, serving as an important source of carbon to coastal food webs. 

Like many other kelp species, canopy-forming kelps show high seasonal and interannual variability as their recruitment, growth and survival are influenced by a number of abiotic (e.g. temperature, salinity, nutrients, light) and biotic (e.g. grazing, intraspecific competition) drivers. As a result, kelp populations are expected to change in response to shifts in underlying environmental conditions associated with climate change. They may also shift in response to changes in the biotic community (e.g. sea otter recovery, sea star wasting disease) or human activities (e.g. sea urchin harvest, kelp harvest). 

Surveys conducted by the Hakai ACO are targeted to collect imagery during summer low tides when kelp biomass is at its highest. Low tide imagery is also necessary for mapping other nearshore habitats such as eelgrass. The high resolution of the aerial cameras permit the discrimination of different kelp species.
Island Food Web Study - Central Coast Islands (100 Islands Project) - April to July 2015, 2016, & 2017

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2015-04-01/2017-07-31

This dataset contains raw stable isotope data for various taxa, and cleaned data used for analysis in Obrist et al. (2021), Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to terrestrial food webs. It also includes meta-data for all datafiles.
In this study, we have evaluated the enrichment of soil, plants, invertebrates, and songbirds using δ15N and δ13C stable isotopes, as well as a measure of available nitrogen (%N) on 97 islands. We determined the effects of island size, wrack biomass, island slope, and distance to shore at which the sample was collected.
The first data file, named “food-webs-ibt-2021.csv”, runs with the ibt-percent-n.RMD, ibt-d13c.RMD, and ibt-d15n.RMD scripts. It includes δ15N, δ13C, %N, and %C values of soil, salal (Gaultheria shallon), false lily-of-the-valley (Maiathemum dilatatum), herbivorous weevils (Curculionidae), detritivorous isopods (Isopoda), carnivorous ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera), as well as songbird feces and feather (rectrix) samples.
Data files named “ibt-sem-data-2021.csv” and “ibt-sem-data-2021-plants-combined.csv” run with the ibt-sem.RMD script. In this script, we outline decisions made in fitting structural equation models to track nutrient flow through island food webs. We find multicollinearity in our initial approach (using the “ibt-sem-data-2021.csv” file), and end up taking average values of δ15N and δ13C of all plant samples on each island for a single, island-wide plant δ15N and δ13C value for analysis (in “ibt-sem-data-2021-plants-combined.csv”).
Obrist DS, Ernst CE, Fitzpatrick OT, Kennedy JC, Nijland W, Reshitnyk L, Wickham SB, Darimont CT, Starzomski BM, Reynolds JD. https://doi.org/10.21966/8j4j-7039
Scripts can be accessed from https://github.com/debobrist/food-web-ibt.
April through July in 2015, 2016, and 2017
Nereocystis kelp canopy productivity data from BC Central Coast, 2016-2020

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The nereocystis canopy production dataset is a component of Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program. This dataset documents seasonal changes in Nereocystis luetkeana density, size structure and growth parameters at multiple locations near Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia (BC), from 2016 - 2020.  Each year, sites were visited 1 - 5 times over the summer months (April-September) and 0 - 2 times over the winter months. Fifteen plants were tagged at each site to measure individual stipe growth, blade elongation, blade erosion, change in number of blades and plant survival. Additional plants (up to 45 per site) were measured for stipe and blade size structure distributions. Three permanent transect lines were used to track change in plant density and relocate the tagged plants. Blade growth rate ranged from 0 to 15 cm per day through the summer months and stipe growth ranged from 0 to 12 cm a day, depending on site and time of year. Based on this data we can determine which field parameters best correlate with overall kelp productivity and biomass, and ultimately, refine metrics for long-term assessments of Nereocystis luetkeana in BC.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Hakai Water Properties Vertical Profile Data Measured by Oceanographic Profilers, Provisional

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2012-06-01T00:00:00

Temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, photosynthetic active radiation, and turbidity data collected from 2012 to present by the Hakai Institute in waters surrounding Calvert Island, Johnstone Strait, and Quadra Island areas. This dataset presents data collected by oceanographic profiler instruments (RBR XR-620, RBR Concerto, RBR Maestro, and Seabird SBE 19plus v2) which have been automatically processed by following respective manufacturer's guidelines (see Hakai Water Properties Profile Processing and QA/QC Procedure Manual). 

The provisional processed data are then quality controlled by applying a series of tests that are following the QARTOD standards and more tests specific to the Hakai Institute data (see Hakai Water Properties Profile Processing and QA/QC Procedure Manual).  

The research dataset provides a subset of the provisional dataset which has been manually reviewed and judged good for science quality level.

Data were collected by the Hakai Institute Oceanography Program, the Nearshore Program, and the Juvenile Salmon Program.
High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from April 2016 to November 2017 collected in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

Quadra Island, at the northern terminus of the Salish Sea, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since December 2014. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and at a depth of 1 m in Hyacinthe Bay on the eastern side of Quadra Island. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on sea-air CO2 exchange and ocean acidification. This data contribution consists of measurements from April 5, 2016 to November 9, 2017.
Water Level measured from a Pressure Tide Gauge Instrument Deployed in Choke Pass on Calvert Island Research

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2020-02-12/2020-09-29

This dataset present a time series of water level measurements made by an RBR Solo pressure sensor deployed by the Hakai Institute near the Calvert Island Research Station in the coastal region of Choke Pass. Sea Pressure collected by the instrument just above the sea bed was then corrected to substract the atmospheric pressure based on the Hakai Pruth Dock Weather Station. The resulting sea pressure was then converted to a depth with the Gibbs Sea Water TEOS-10 toolbox and substracted by the mean water level measured at the location.
Pruth Bay Oceanographic Mooring on Calvert Island Provisional

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-12-04T00:00:00

The Pruth Bay mooring is a surface mooring deployed in a shallow coastal environment near the Hakai Institute Calvert Island field station. The mooring is a test platform were low-cost oceanographic instrumentation is deployed at different depths to record sea water temperatures at an accuracy of 0.2 degrees Celsius. The temperature sensors are attached to an auxiliary line suspended from the surface buoy and along the main anchor line. Instruments are distributed tighter near the surface to better capture the higher vertical variability near the surface. 

This dataset present the provisional dataset which has been automatically QCed and flagged.
Motile Invertebrate Surveys - BC Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-06-27T00:00:00

The motile invertebrate dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The motile invertebrate community associated with three primary rocky intertidal benthic cover types (mussels, barnacle and Fucus distichus) was assessed from 2016-2021 at three coastal sites along the northwest edge of Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia. All sites were exposed rocky shorelines with distinct zones of mussels, barnacles, and Fucus distichus algae. We surveyed the abundance and diversity of the motile invertebrate community within permanent plots in each zone. Counts within each plot were performed using various quadrats and size was measured for a subset of species. The sites were surveyed on an approximately monthly basis from May-September, and two winter surveys in November and February.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Nutrient and dissolved organic carbon in fresh and marine waters of Kwakshua Channel, British Columbia, Canada. Version 1.0.

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-08-01/2018-12-31

This data package contains data associated with the manuscript St. Pierre et al. (2020), to be submitted to Biogeosciences. Data in this package characterise spatial and temporal variability in nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, silica) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in seven freshwater streams on Calvert and Hecate Islands, and the surface (0-5 m) waters at 13 marine stations within Meay and Kwakshua Channels on the British Columbia Central Coast. Briefly, the streams and marine stations were sampled at approximately monthly intervals between August 2014 and December 2018. Detailed information on sampling protocols, sample analysis, and data processing can be found in St. Pierre et al. (2020).
There are 4 datasets associated with this package. Data dictionaries associated with each dataset are included in the ‘Data dictionary.xlsx’ spreadsheet. Methodological information is detailed in St. Pierre et al. (2020). Each dataset is described below: 
‘Freshwater Chemistry (2014-2018) - Final.csv’: Concentrations of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon in mg/L. Used with discharge data to calculate stream fluxes.  
‘All watershed nutrient fluxes - Final.csv’: Daily nutrient and organic carbon fluxes by watershed between 1-Aug-2014 and 31-Dec-2018. Also includes stoichiometric ratios of the fluxes. 
‘Marine Nutrient + YSI data - Final.csv’: Measured surface water (0-5 m) nutrient and dissolved organic carbon chemistry across 13 marine stations in Kwakshua and Meay Channels.  
‘Watershed Time Series - Rain and Air Temp.csv’: Watershed-specific monthly mean, minimum, and maximum air temperature and total monthly rainfall. Climate normals, model monthly temperature and precipitation were extracted from climatewna.com (Wang et al. 2016) using the weather station coordinates for comparison with the measured quantities and are also included.  
Detailed methodology is found in:   
St. Pierre, K.A., Hunt, B.P.V, Tank, S.E., Giesbrecht, I., Floyd, W.C., Korver, M.C., Lertzman, K. (2020) Rain-fed streams dilute inorganic nutrients but subsidise organic matter-associated nutrients in coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. [To be submitted to Biogeosciences]
Associated are the discharge dataset (Korver et al. 2019a) and stream rainfall event sampling dataset (Korver et al. 2019b). Stream rainfall event chemistry is integrated into the ‘Freshwater Chemistry (2014-2018) Final.csv’ dataset.
Surface water CO2 parameters collected by Alaskan citizens around the northern Gulf of Alaska from April 2015 to August 2017. Version 1.0.

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2015-04-05/2017-08-19

pCO2 and TCO2 measurements were made on surface seawater collected by tribal citizens and non-oceanographic agencies around Kenai Peninsula in the northern Gulf of Alaska from 2015 to 2017. Seawater was collected using bucket grabs or Niskin bottles and drawn into 350 mL amber glass bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed 3 times and then carefully filled with sample seawater as to not introduce bubbles into the sample. Sample temperature was then recorded using NIST traceable thermometers (VWR PN 23609-176) and fixed with 40 µL of mercuric chloride before being crimp-sealed using polyethylene-lined metal caps. Finally, temperature and salinity were determined at the time of sample analysis at the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery (APSH) using NIST traceable thermometers and a YSI MultiLab 4010-1 with a MultiLab IS 4310 conductivity and temperature probe. The YSI probe was calibrated using certified reference materials of known salinity prior to seawater sample analysis. For detailed protocols on sample collection, data processing including CO2 system determination, and quality assurance, please see Pocock et al. (2017; http://dx.doi.org/10.21966/1.521066). CO2 system parameters (pHT, pCO2, aragonite saturation) were computed using the carbonate acid dissociation constants of Lueker et al. (2000). Note alkalinity (Alk) is assumed to consist of carbonate, bicarbonate, borate, hydroxide, and hydrogen ions; neglecting the influence of nutrients and organic acids. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling and coastal processes around the Gulf of Alaska with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.