oih/oih-wis2 huggingface dataset:
Sea wrack wet to dry biomass calibrations for macroalgae of the Central Coast of British Columbia - 2018

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2016-05-20/2017-09-16

This dataset contains species-specific standardized correction factors for wet-dry calibrations for several macroalgae species of the Central Coast of British Columbia.

Macroalgae and macrophytes form the base of productive ecosystems in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. Often, ecological research on macrophytes, macroalgae, and sea wrack requires the conversion of biomass from wet to dry to create consistency across investigations. This process, however, can be impractical, time consuming, and labour intensive. Samples of 12 common Northeastern Pacific Ocean seaweed species (Alaria marginata, Codium fragile, Egregia menziesii, Fucus distichus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Mazzaella spp., Nereocystis luetkeana, Pterygophora californica, Pyropia spp., Ulva spp., and the seagrasses Zostera marina and Phyllospadix spp.) were collected randomly and opportunistically in two states: wet and fresh, or aged and partially desiccated. Samples were weighed, dried in an oven, and weighed again in a laboratory as quickly as possible after collection. Dried samples were disposed of after dry measurements were taken. Detailed methods are available in the in the linked folder.

We found that all species displayed a strong (R2 > 0.5) and predictable (p < 0.05) linear relationship between wet and dried conditions. Half of the aged samples did not have a significant relationship between partially desiccated and dried conditions. These results offer a reliable set of species-specific standardized correction factors for wet samples that can be used in future macrophyte, macroalgae, and sea wrack research, reducing the need to conduct extensive wet-dry calibrations in future studies.

Contributors: Sara Wickham – University of Victoria, Brian Starzomski – University of Victoria, John Reynolds – Simon Fraser University, Chris Darimont – University of Victoria
High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from August 2016 to August 2017 collected in at the OceansAlaska shellfish hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The OceansAlaska shellfish hatchery in Ketchikan, is a floating barge that has been a site for high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since August 2016. Provided here is the first year of observations before the site underwent extensive construction.  Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake depth of 4.3 m. The effort to collect these data is a collaboration between OceansAlaska, the UAF Ocean Acidification Research Center, and the Hakai Institute with support from the Alaska Ocean Observing System. The collection and analysis of these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on sea-air CO2 exchange and ocean acidification. This data contribution consists of measurements from August 29, 2016 to August 2, 2017.
High-resolution record of sea surface nitrate at Sentry Shoal in the Northern Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada from 2015 to 2017.

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The Environment Canada weather mooring at Sentry Shoal in the Northern Strait of
Georgia provides a platform of opportunity for collection of high frequency biogeochemical
measurements. From spring to fall in 2015, 2016, and 2017, autonomous sensors were
deployed on the mooring to collect surface nitrate, temperature and salinity measurements
every 30 minutes. Nitrate concentration was measured using a Satlantic SUNA (Ultraviolet
Nitrate Analyzer), temperature and salinity were measured using a SeaBird 37-SMP
MicroCAT. Sensors were deployed each year in the spring and serviced in the field every 2-3
months, following recovery in the fall, sensors were shipped for factory service and calibration.
This project was supported by the Tula Foundation and the Pacific Salmon Foundation,
fieldwork was a collaborative effort between the Hakai Institute, and SeaThis Consulting.
Seascape connectivity data from a sub-tidal Zostera marina meadow, Choked Passage, Calvert Island, 2015

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

This dataset was used to determine how seascape connectivity alters the nursery function of seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows for young-of-the-year (YOY) rockfish. Here, the influence of seascape connectivity was assessed via the configuration and composition of adjacent habitats (kelp forests, sand), as well as allochthonous subsidies entering the seagrass food web.

Data was collected in an extensive, sub-tidal Z. marina meadow in Choked Passage, on the Central Coast of British Columbia (51.675 °N, -128.119 °W) . The dataset includes seagrass habitat data and associated community-level data from underwater visual observations (SCUBA, snorkel) and seagrass shoot collection data. These observations were recorded at transect and quadrat levels, across multiple seagrass site types: meadow interior, Nereocystis luetkeana kelp edge, and sand edge. Fish and primary producer stable isotopes were measured using mass spectrometry, and are also included here. Specifically, this dataset combines:

-	Z. marina habitat variables (e.g., shoot density, canopy height)
-	Z. marina shoot biomass
-	Transect-level fish abundances  in seagrass meadow, N. luetkeana kelp forests, and sand habitats
-	Shoot-level amphipod biomass
-	δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values for YOY Copper-Quillback rockfish and dominant primary producers
-	C:N values of YOY Copper-Quillback rockfish
Stomach contents (i.e., prey) of YOY Copper-Quillback rockfish
Surface water CO2 parameters collected by shellfish growers and partners in the northern Salish Sea from 2016 to 2018

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

pCO2 and TCO2 measurements were made on surface seawater collected by shellfish growers and partners in the northern Salish Sea during 2016 and 2017. Seawater was collected by hand into 300 ml amber glass bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed 3 times, filled with sample seawater with care to prevent bubbles, fixed with 200 µl of mercuric chloride, and crimp-sealed using polyethylene-lined metal caps. Temperature was also determined at the time of seawater sample collection and prior to with mercuric chloride addition using NIST traceable thermometers (VWR PN 23609-176). Finally, temperature and salinity were determined at the time of sample analysis at the Quadra Island Field Station (QIFS) using NIST traceable thermometers and a YSI MultiLab 4010-1 with a MultiLab IDS 4310 conductivity and temperature probe. The YSI probe was calibrated using certified reference materials of known salinity prior to seawater sample analysis. For detailed protocols on sample collection, data processing including CO2 system determination, and quality assurance, please see Pocock et al. (2017; http://dx.doi.org/10.21966/1.521066). CO2 system parameters (pH, pCO2, aragonite saturation) were computed using the carbonate acid dissociation constants of Lueker et al. (2000). Note alkalinity (Alk) here is assumed here to consist of carbonate, bicarbonate, borate, hydroxide, and hydrogen ions; neglecting the influence of nutrients and organic acids. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.
Pacific Northwest Eelgrass Sediment Carbon Data

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

This dataset accompanies a manuscript entitled “A synthesis of blue carbon stocks, sources and accumulation rates in eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows in the Northeast Pacific”, in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. See the article at https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006345 These data provide estimates of sediment carbon stocks, organic carbon accumulation rates and sources of carbon in sixteen intertidal and subtidal Zostera marina meadows, spanning from Southeast Alaska to Southern Oregon. Data were compiled from seven independent studies conducted between 2013 and 2017, including published manuscripts, graduate/academic theses, and unpublished values. While the studies varied slightly in their objectives and scope, all studies had a common goal of quantifying carbon stocks, sequestration rates, and sources of stored carbon in Z. marina meadows to fill regional data gaps for this species in the Pacific Northwest.

At all sites, cores were collected by manually inserting PVC tubes into the sediment. Cores were either taken at a predetermined depth (e.g., 30cm) or inserted to the point of refusal. Intertidal cores were collected during low tides, while subtidal cores were collected by SCUBA divers. The number of cores from vegetated and unvegetated sediments, tidal height average core depth, and the sampling period varied among sites and regions. Lab analyses were conducted to quantify sediment characteristics such as % organic carbon (OC), % organic matter, % inorganic carbon, OC stocks, OC accumulation rates, and carbon (δ13) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Details of field and laboratory methods are included in the manuscript.

The dataset includes six csv files which contain: (1) eelgrass sediment carbon values, (2) organic carbon accumulation rates and accretion rates, (3) sediment δ13C and δ15N isotope values, (4) quantitative sediment grain size data, (5) qualitative sediment grain size data, (6) data used to create the % organic matter vs. % organic carbon regression equation used in the manuscript.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Organic Carbon at Land-Ocean Interface - Calvert Island - 2014-2016

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-01-09/2016-11-23

This data package includes three datasets used to assess spatial and temporal patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) across freshwater streams and nearshore marine stations on Calvert and Hecate Islands on British Columbia’s Central Coast, associated with St. Pierre and Oliver et al. (2020, submitted).
The datasets include:
‘Compiled Freshwater - Marine Dataset - Final.xlsx’: DOC and POC concentrations and stable isotope signatures across freshwater (n = 7), marine outlet-adjacent (n = 7) and marine-mid-channel (n = 6) stations, sampled during routine twice monthly or monthly surveys conducted between January 9th 2014 and November 23rd 2016. Also includes temperature, salinity, pH data (freshwater only), and total chlorophyll a concentrations (marine only) during the surveys.
‘Rainfall Events - Final.xlsx’: DOC and POC concentrations and stable isotope signatures, temperature, pH, salinity, and microbial cell counts across the two freshwater plumes surveyed during rainfall events on August 7th 2015 and September 19th 2015.
‘PARAFAC Results with all Associated Variables.xlsx’: Results of parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses conducted on dissolved organic matter samples collected in 2016 from both freshwater and marine stations on Calvert and Hecate Islands.
Sample collection and processing information can be found at:
St. Pierre, K.A., Oliver, A.A., Tank, S.E., Hunt, B.P.V., Giesbrecht, I., Kellogg, C.T.E., Jackson, J.M., Lertzman, K.P., Floyd, W.C., Korver, M.C. (2020) Terrestrial exports of dissolved and particulate organic carbon to nearshore ecosystems of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest.
Real-Time Provisional High-Resolution Record of Surface Seawater Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Content Collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-12-19T00:00:00

This dataset includes continuous sea surface measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature and salinity collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada. Quadra Island, at the northern terminus of the Salish Sea, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since December 2014. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously on seawater drawn from a sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and a depth of 1 m in Hyacinthe Bay on the eastern side of Quadra Island. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute's directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.
Hakai Water Properties Vertical Profile Data Measured by Oceanographic Profilers, Research

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2012-06-01T00:00:00

Temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, photosynthetic active radiation, and turbidity data collected from 2012 to present by the Hakai Institute in waters surrounding Calvert Island, Johnstone Strait, and Quadra Island areas. This dataset presents data collected by oceanographic profiler instruments (RBR XR-620, RBR Concerto, RBR Maestro, and Seabird SBE 19plus v2) which have been automatically processed by following respective manufacturer's guidelines (see Hakai Water Properties Profile Processing and QA/QC Procedure Manual). 

The provisional processed data are then quality controlled by applying a series of tests that are following the QARTOD standards and more tests specific to the Hakai Institute data (see Hakai Water Properties Profile Processing and QA/QC Procedure Manual).  

The research dataset provides a subset of the provisional dataset which has been manually reviewed and judged good for science quality level.

Data were collected by the Hakai Institute Oceanography Program, the Nearshore Program, and the Juvenile Salmon Program.
Imagery and elevation models monitoring algae research sites - 2017 - Calvert Island - British Columbia - Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

Orthomosaics of long-term intertidal monitoring sites on NW Calvert Island were created using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS). Subsequently, a digital elevation model and elevation point cloud were generated for each site.

Imagery was captured for each site with a DJI Phantom 3 Pro UAS. The survey design followed a grid pattern to ensure coverage of the entire study area with a minimum 80% overlap between images. To geolocate the images, 6-10 ground control points were surveyed with a Topcon GR-5 real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS.

Near infrared imagery(NIR) was also captured at the North Beach site with a MAPIR Survey 2 camera. The MAPIR is a low-resolution modified camera that captures imagery in the NIR and Red bands. The camera is mounted to the Phantom 3 and operated manually. The MAPIR images are processed to create an imagery mosaic with Pix4D. The imagery is then radiometrically calibrated using the empirical line method with grey and white targets. A spectroradiometer has NOT been used to assess the accuracy of the imagery calibration.

The difference vegetation index (DVI) is calculated to remove the effects of illumination, and to emphasize vegetation signatures. The DVI is calculated as NIR-R.

For a specific list of sites, see the attached documentation.
Hakai Institute’s Burke-o-Lator pCO2/TCO2 Analyzer Discrete Sample Analysis Protocols

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The Burke-o-Lator (BoL) pCO2/TCO2 analyzer measures carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) both continuously from a flow-through seawater stream and from seawater collected in discrete samples. The Hakai Institute operates BoL units at shore-side facilities along the Pacific coast in Alaska and British Columbia, and our discrete sample analyses of seawater marine carbonate system parameters are conducted using this instrumentation. This protocol is intended for BoL users that are familiar with the operation and troubleshooting of the BoL and control software, as well as general lab safety.

Cite as: Pocock, K., W. Evans, A. Hare, and B. Hales. (2017). Hakai Institute’s Burke-o-Lator
pCO2/TCO2 Analyzer Discrete Sample Analysis Protocols. Version 1.0. Hakai Institute.
Laboratory Protocol. [access date].
Extent of Canopy-Forming Kelps, Derived from World View-2, Central Coast, Central Coast, British Columbia

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

This dataset represents the extent of canopy-forming kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana and Macrocytis pyrifera) present at the ocean surface (hereafter referred to as surface canopy-forming kelp) for the year and season the imagery was collected. Canopy-forming kelp (Order Laminariales) are found along the coast of British Columbia. Two species, bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) are the most common species and are ecologically and biologically important components of nearshore ecosystems. Mapping their distribution is important for understanding the state and health of coastal areas. 

The WorldView-2 satellite was tasked by the Hakai Institute and imagery collected in the summer of 2014 for the Goose group, McMullin group, Calvert Island, and Stirling Island region. Additional WorldView-2 imagery was acquired via a DigitalGlobe Foundation Grant for the South Calvert region, Simonds Group, Admiral and Tribal Groups region, Spider Island and Cultus Sound region. Imagery from the Stryker Island and Athlone Island region was provided through a collaboration of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Hakai Institute. 

Prior to classification, each image region was corrected for atmospheric effects and land areas were masked. A supervised classification (maximum liklihood algorithm) was conducted to classify pixels which represent surface canopy-forming kelp. The results were imported into ArcGIS (10.5.1) and manually edited to remove pixel regions that were misclassified as kelp.

The majority of the imagery was collected August 13th, 2014. The image scene centered around the Stryker Island and Athlone Island region was collected July 22nd, 2012. The image scene centered around the South Calvert region was collected June 4th, 2015. 

Contributors: Luba Reshitnyk and Wiebe Nijland

Cite as: Canopy-forming kelps extent derived from WorldView-2 imagery, Central Coast, British Columbia, Canada. Version 1.0. Hakai Institute. Dataset. [access date].)
Rocky subtidal fish and invertebrate swath data from BC Central Coast, 2017-2020

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The rocky subtidal fish and invertebrate dataset is a component of Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program. This dataset characterizes spatial and temporal trends in fish and invertebrates communities at 22 rocky bottom subtidal sites near Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia (2017-2020). Data coverage varies by year and habitat type. Habitats include unvegetated rocky reefs and kelp forests (Macrocystis pyrifera and Nereocystis luetkeana) that were surveyed by SCUBA along 30 m transects. The total length and abundance of all fish and large invertebrates excluding urchins were measured. Seastar wasting disease was also recorded on surveys. This dataset characterizes fish and invertebrate distributions and community-level relationships in rocky subtidal nearshore areas representative of  British Columbia coast. 

  This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Surfgrass Communities - Motile Invertebrate Surveys - BC Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2018-05-19T00:00:00

The surfgrass motile invertebrate dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The motile invertebrate community was assessed at three coastal sites along the northwest edge of Calvert Island on the central coast of British Columbia, beginning in 2018. All sites were exposed rocky shorelines with beds of Surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp) growing in the low intertidal. The abundance and diversity of the motile invertebrate community was surveyed in these beds using transects and quadrats. The placement and length of the transect was replicated through time, quadrat placement was not. Counts or percent cover were recorded for mobile invertebrates within quadrats placed along a surfgrass bed transect .

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Mussel Dynamics - Point Intercepts - BC Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-06-27T00:00:00

The mussel dynamics dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The dynamics of mussel beds were assessed from 2016-2021 at three coastal sites along the northwest edge of Calvert Island on the central coast of British Columbia. All three sites were exposed rocky shorelines with large beds of Mytilus californianus mussels. The structure and composition of the macroalgae & sessile invertebrate communities were surveyed in these beds using a point-intercept design within permanent plots. The sites were surveyed on an approximately monthly basis from May-September, with two winter surveys in November and February.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.