oih/oih-wis2 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution record of surface seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) content, water temperature, sea surface salinity and other parameters collected in Sitka Harbor, Alaska, USA

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-06-01T00:00:00

This dataset includes measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and other parameters collected in Sitka Harbor, Alaska, USA from 2017-06-01 to 2021-04-27. Sitka Tribe of Alaska’s Environmental Research Laboratory adjacent to Sitka Harbor, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since June 2017. Temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure measurements are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and at a depth of 1 m in Sitka Harbor. The effort to collect these data is a collaboration between the Sitka Tribe of Alaska and the Hakai Institute with support from the Alaska Ocean Observing System.
Larval Dungeness crab arrival, abundance, and size in the Salish Sea, British Columbia

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2022-04-15/2022-09-01

This data package contains datasets obtained from counting and measuring larval Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) caught with light traps at various locations across the Salish Sea in British Columbia, Canada. This work is an ongoing collaborative project between the Hakai Institute and numerous community and institutional partners within the Sentinels of Change project led by Hakai Institute. The purpose of this project is to investigate the magnitude and timing of Dungeness larval delivery in the Salish Sea. 

Light traps were situated at 20 locations in the Canadian portion of the Salish Sea in the spring of 2022. Light traps were deployed from April 15th to September 1st 2022 (although some started slightly later in the spring). The traps operate on a timer which turns the light on during dark hours and is adjusted through the season. The traps are checked approximately every two days and Dungeness megalopae (final larval stage) are counted each time. The carapace widths of Dungeness megalopae are also measured each week. Initially, measurements were taken by hand using calipers, however this technique was switched starting July 15th 2022 to a photo technique which allows measurements to be taken later using software (ImageJ). This protocol and schedule will be followed in subsequent years until 2030. 

This data package includes: 
-Dungeness megalopae count data from April 15th, 2022 until September 1st, 2022
-Dungeness megalopae size data (when applicable) from April 15th, 2022 until September 1st, 2022
McMullin Group Kelp Extent - Based on UAS Imagery - 2017

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

This is a polygon layer mapping the type and extent of kelp in the McMullin Group Islands. Kelp was mapped from imagery of the McMullin Group islands taken in late July 2017. The images were captured using a DJI Phantom 3 professional Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a commercial grade 4k RGB. Kelp bed polygons were created using E-Cognition Developer (see attached UAS methods). The polygons were then manually classified in ArcGIS 10.5.1.
Mussel Dynamics - Length & Bed Depth - BC Central Coast

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-06-27T00:00:00

The mussel length & bed depth dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The size structure and bed depth of mussel beds (Mytilus californianus) was surveyed at three sites along the northwestern coast of Calvert Island on the central coast of BC. All three sites were exposed rocky shores with large contiguous beds of M. californianus  in the intertidal. The beds were surveyed using quadrats placed at five plot locations, replicated through time. Within each plot, mussel length and bed depth were measured in five sublots placed at set locations. The sites were generally surveyed on a monthly basis from April to September, with winter surveys in November and February.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Surfgrass Community Structure - Monitoring - BC Central Coast - 2016-2017

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2016-06-27/2017-09-19

The Surfgrass community structure dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The structure, health, and coverage of surfgrass beds (Phyllospadix spp.) was surveyed at three sites along the northwestern coast of Calvert Island on the central coast of BC. All three sites were exposed rocky shores with large beds of surfgrass growing in the low intertidal. The beds were surveyed using a point-intercept method along a single transect. The placement and length of the transect was replicated through time. Various parameters (e.g., surfgrass cover, understorey/overstorey cover, bed thickness) of the surfgrass were assessed at each point. The sites were approximately surveyed on a monthly basis from April to September, with a winter survey in February 2017. Three surveys were conducted in 2016 and five in 2017.

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Underway Surface Seawater and Marine Boundary Layer Observations Made from the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2017-10-25T00:00:00

Between October 2017 and October 2019, underway surface water measurements were collected from the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia during 135 service route transits. The service route of the Columbia included the ports of Sitka, Juneau, Haines, Skagway, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Ketchikan in southeast Alaska, and between Ketchikan and Bellingham, WA. The vessel sailed south from Ketchikan every Wednesday, arrived in Bellingham on Friday, returned to Ketchikan on Sunday, and transited between southeast Alaska terminals between Sunday and Wednesday. Measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, and CO2 partial pressure were made every 2 mins on seawater drawn into the vessel from a ~2 m intake. Seawater was delivered from the intake to analytical equipment on the car deck using a AMT 1/2 HP pump (4295-98). Temperature and salinity data were collected using a Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph, and intake temperature measured using a SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer. Dissolved oxygen content was determined using an Aanderaa 4330F that had undergone multipoint calibration at the factory in Norway. CO2 measurements were made using a General Oceanics 8050 (GO8050) pCO2 Measuring System equipped with a LI-COR LI840A non-dispersive infrared detector. All data streams, including GPS information from an antenna and atmospheric pressure from a Vaisala barometer positioned on the foredeck, were captured by the GO8050 control computer. Atmospheric CO2 measurements were also made using the GO8050 on unaltered marine air drawn to the system through an intake located on the foredeck. The CO2 measurement scheme involved the analysis of four gas standards of known CO2 content (150 ppm, 349 ppm, 449 ppm, and 850 ppm; Praxair Distributions Inc), 12 analyses atmospheric CO2, and 240 seawater CO2 measurements in a 8.5 hour period. The atmospheric and seawater CO2 analyses were run in a sequence of 3 atmospheric measurements and 60 seawater measurements that was repeated 4 times between standardization. This project was supported by the Tula Foundation and Alaska Ocean Observing System, and was a collaborative effort between the Hakai Institute, University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean/NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, State of Alaska Department of Transportation, University of Alaska Southeast Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, and the Alaska Ocean Observing System.
High-resolution record of CO2 content from October 2013 to December 2018 measured in seawater entering the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery in Seward, Alaska, USA

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: None

The Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery in Seward, Alaska has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of seawater CO2 content since October 2013. Measurements of temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake 100 m from the hatchery and at a depth of 75 m in Resurrection Bay. The effort to collect these data is a collaboration between the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery and the Hakai Institute with support from the Alaska Ocean Observing System via the project “Turning the Headlights on ‘High’: Improving an Ocean Acidification Observing System in Support of Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers” (http://www.nanoos.org/documents/announcements/msi-announcement-oa.pdf) that was jointly funded by IOOS and NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program. CO2 data were collected using either a Sunburst Sensors SUPERCO2 system (October 13, 2013 to August 5, 2014) or a Burke-o-Lator pCO2/TCO2 analyzer (August 15, 2014 to December 20, 2018). Temperature and salinity data were collected using a Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph. The collection and analysis of these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.
Ancestral sea gardens supported human settlements for at least 3800 years on the Northwest Coast of North America

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2016-05-29/2022-06-30

The relationships between clam gardens and human settlement throughout the millennia reflects the inseparable links among human demographics, marine management systems, and the social-ecological contexts in which they are embedded.  However, it can be difficult to assign causation between the initiation and development of eco-cultural innovations like clam gardens and the proliferation of human societies due to the temporal uncertainties associated with both.  Here, we bring together data on the shape of the local relative sea level curve, clam garden wall elevation as determined by GIS and drone imagery, radiocarbon dates of clam garden walls, and ecological and archaeological field observations, to assign proxy ages for the clam garden walls of different tidal heights in Kanish and Waiatt Bay on northern Quadra Island.  These data, combined with our mapping and dating of settlement sites, demonstrate a temporal relationship between clam garden building effort and the densification of human settlements.  In Kanish Bay, where we have high resolution data, clam gardens begin to be constructed in significant numbers at least 3800 years ago; this corresponds to a time of increased establishment of large human settlements.  The corresponding increase in settlements and clam gardens reflects both the need to increase sustainable food production and the larger number of people who could sustain the ecological and social foundations of the production system.  The correlation between number and area of clam gardens and the number of new, large settlements continues until ~2000 years ago.  After this time, existing settlements increase in size, but no additional large settlements were established. New clam gardens continue to be built but in seemingly lower numbers. This shift in settlements and clam gardens suggest that a threshold in social-ecological carrying capacity may have been reached in this land and seascape. In the last few centuries, there is a dramatic decline in the number of clam gardens and evidence of human settlement, corresponding to social and ecological changes associated with European colonization.  Taken together, these data demonstrate the strong linkages among Indigenous peoples, their lands and seas, and resilient food systems over the millennia.
Barnacle Dynamics: Point Intercept Surveys - BC Central Coast - 2016-2018

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2016-06-27/2018-11-24

The barnacle dynamics dataset is a component of the Hakai Institute’s Nearshore research and monitoring program, designed to capture change in rocky intertidal habitats. The overarching objective of Hakai Nearshore research is to investigate the role of habitats and their associated communities, in the face of stress and disturbances from global climate change and local coastal perturbations. 

The barnacle community was assessed from 2016-2018 at three coastal sites along the northwest edge of Calvert Island on the Central Coast of British Columbia. All three sites were exposed rocky shorelines with contiguous zones of substrate dominated by species of barnacle. The abundance and diversity of the barnacle species within these zones was surveyed using point-intercepts within permanent plots. The sites were surveyed on an approximately monthly basis from May-September, and two winter surveys in November and February.  Six surveys were conducted in 2018, 5 in 2017, and 3 in 2016. 

This data package is freely available to everyone, following the principles of equitable access and benefit sharing. However, we expect all data users to give attribution to the data providers (read our data license) and the use of these data should happen in the light of fair use, i.e.: 1) respect the data providers, and provide helpful feedback on data quality, and 2) communicate and/or collaborate with the providers if you are considering using this dataset for manuscripts or other forms of reporting.
Fatty acids of particulate matter collected from 2015 to 2018 near Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2015-03-13/2018-11-28

This dataset presents fatty acids of particulate organic matter collected from station QU39 from 2015 to 2018. The first sample collection on March 13, 2015 was done at Hakai Institute station QU24 and all subsequent collections were done at the nearby QU39. Water for POM fatty acid analysis was collected from multiple depths in the 30 m surface layer and combined for analysis resulting in one measurement per sampling date. For each sample, approximately 10 L of seawater total were filtered on to previously combusted GF/F filters. Fatty acids were analyzed at the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Pacific Science Enterprise Centre as fatty acid methyl esters, separated using an Agilent CP-Sil 88 column, and quantified with a gas chromatograph (SCION 436) equipped with a flame ionization detector.  

Detailed information on methods are available in McLaskey et al. in prep.
High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from December 2014 to April 2016 collected in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada. Version 1.0.

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-12-14/2016-04-06

Quadra Island, at the northern terminus of the Salish Sea, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since December 2014. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and at a depth of 1 m in Hyacinthe Bay on the eastern side of Quadra Island. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on sea-air CO2 exchange and ocean acidification.
Hakai Marine Sampling Survey - 2014 - BC Central Coast - Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-12-31T00:00:00

The 2014 marine sampling surveys layer is combination of multiple oceanography testing sites for the Hakai Institute. Sampling occurs all over the Central Coast of British Columbia with a focus around Kwakshua Channel / Calvert Island / Rivers Inlet / and the Outer Shores NW of Calvert Island.
Data is displayed as points to reflect the repeated site visits to sampling sites. Brian Hunt is the principal investigator for the marine sampling program.

Because it is difficult to maintain the position of the boat in a single point under all conditions the locations are as accurate as possible. Data is typically gathered using the vessels Hakai Explorer, Hakai Express, and Hakai Diver.

A number of methods are used to collect data. Data gathering methods are summarized below:

Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD). CTD is collected using a probe dropped from a point to just above the bathymetric surface to gain a profile of the water column. Data is collected / processed to gather only the drop data / and stored by the marine sampling program. CTD is the most commonly used method for marine sampling.

Particulate Organic Matter (POM). POM is collected and processed in the labs at the Hakai field station.

Plankton Tows are collected at select sites using the Hakai Explorer vessel with a tow rig dropped and data is collected and processed in the field and at the Hakai facility.

Other information collected:

Chlorophyll + Secci-disk

A number of individuals at Hakai work in marine sampling program which is headed by Brian Hunt. 

For further enquiries contact: data@hakai.org or bhunt@eos.ubc.ca
Real-Time Provisional High-Resolution Record of Surface Seawater Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Content Collected from the Ketchikan Shellfish Hatchery, Alaska, USA

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2019-09-14T00:00:00

This dataset includes continuous sea surface measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature, and salinity collected from the Ketchikan Shellfish Hatchery, Alaska, USA

The Burke-o-Lator (BoL) pCO2/TCO2 analyzer measures carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) both continuously from a flow-through seawater stream and from seawater collected in discrete samples. The BoL is paired with a SBE 45 Thermosalinograph to measure seawater temperature and salinity.
High-Resolution Record of Surface Seawater Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Content Collected From Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-12-19T00:00:00

This dataset includes continuous sea surface measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature and salinity collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada. Quadra Island, at the northern terminus of the Salish Sea, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since December 2014. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously on seawater drawn from a sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and a depth of 1 m in Hyacinthe Bay on the eastern side of Quadra Island. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute's directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.
Real-Time Provisional High-Resolution Record of Surface Seawater Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Content Collected from the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery , Alaska, USA

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2019-09-14T00:00:00

This dataset includes continuous sea surface measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature and salinity collected from the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery.

The Burke-o-Lator (BoL) pCO2/TCO2 analyzer measures carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) both continuously from a flow-through seawater stream and from seawater collected in discrete samples. The BoL is paired with a SBE 45 Thermosalinograph to measure seawater temperature and salinity.
Dissolved organic carbon fluxes of seven watersheds in a bog forest ecosystem at Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada

Keywords: None
Temporal coverage: 2014-08-01/2014-09-30

Scientific report on catchment responses and organic carbon fluxes for seven rivers draining into Kwakshua Channel (Calvert Island, BC, Canada) for a summer and early fall rain event in 2014.
The coastal temperate rainforest of western British Columbia is a major store of carbon and an important contributor to the global carbon cycle. The flux of dissolved organic carbon from wetland-dominated soils is of vital importance for coastal freshwater and marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between discharge, DOC concentration and organic carbon flux for seven wetland and bog forest dominated watersheds for a summer and early fall rain event. Stream water samples were taken along the rising and falling limb of the event hydrographs at the outlets of all seven watersheds and analyzed for DOC concentration. Stream DOC concentration increased along the rising limb and decreased back to a stable concentration under base flow conditions. The relation between discharge and flux of organic carbon was characterized by hysteresis; there was a delay in peak carbon flux compared to peak discharge for all studied watersheds. The amount of organic carbon exported over the course of a rain event was directly related to the fraction of rain exported as runoff. Total event organic carbon load for six out of seven watersheds was 233 kg km-2 for the summer event and 204 kg km-2 for the early fall event. The export of organic carbon per day was twice as high for the shorter and more intensive early fall event than the summer event.
Recommended citation for the full published article: Korver, M.C., van Meerveld, H.J., Floyd, W.C., Waterloo, M.J.: Dissolved organic carbon fluxes of seven watersheds in a bog forest ecosystem at Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada. VU University Amsterdam and Hakai Institute. MSc thesis extension, 2015.