from which things some, having missed the mark, have turned aside to vain talking;
". . . Paul’s description of their ’confidence’ implies in this context stubbornness, a refusal to be denied. We might say they are dogmatic, which (along with the claim to authority) Paul regards with irony, since they have no real understanding of the matters they teach." [Note: Towner, 1-2 Timothy . . ., pp. 48-49. See David A. Mappes, "The Heresy Paul Opposed in 1 Timothy," Bibliotheca Sacra 156:624 (October-December 1999):452-58.] 