giving vengeance to those who don't know God, and to those who don't obey the Gospel of our Lord Jesus,
Both those "that know not God" and those who "obey not the gospel" are lost and will be punished with everlasting fire. A common view among many writers is that the phrase "they that know not God" refers to Gentiles and the phrase "obey not the gospel" refers to the Jews. It is often described as "the pagans" and "the unbelieving Jews." This view does not find acceptance among other New Testament commentators and writers.