蒂奥得螺属

蒂奥得螺属（學名：）是腹足綱蜑螺科軟體動物的一個属，體型細小，有螺厴，棲息於淡水或半咸水環境中。

分佈 
本屬物種分佈於歐洲及北非，並往東延伸至。除本屬以外，蜑螺科並沒有其他屬與本屬具。這在蜑螺科相當例外，因為其他蜑螺科物種只分佈於南半球的熱帶。本屬物種均為蜑螺科僅有棲息於温带的物種。

形態描述 

本屬物種的螺殼呈半卵形，具有平坦的殼口。沒有。及內溶解。

蒂奥得螺属物種間的差異，無論是大小、外殼膜上的顏色與花紋變化、螺厣及齒舌的細節都有很大差異，這使得本屬物種的辨認比較困難。

生態 
These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers. Theodoxus  needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary. Green algae  are not consumed; Theodoxus  has no 纤维素酶s. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus  animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.

物種 
截至2007年，還未有對蒂奥得螺属作系統評價的研究。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本屬至少有34個現害種；而在2015年度的國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄列出了本屬包括有至少23個物種。

本屬包括下列各物種：
 Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912
 † Theodoxus petasatus (Seninski, 1905) 
 Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880

 † Theodoxus acuticarinatus (Fuchs, 1870) 
 † Theodoxus amblygonioides Wenz, 1930 
 † Theodoxus amethystinus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus anconae (Capellini, 1880)
 † Theodoxus angularis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus anonymus Anistratenko & Gozhik, 1995 
 † Theodoxus atticus Kühn, 1963
 † Theodoxus barakovici (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus bessarabicus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus brusinai (Pavlović, 1931)
 † Theodoxus capellinii (Pantanelli, 1876)
 † Theodoxus capillaceus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus crescens (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus doderleini (d'Ancona, 1869)
 † Theodoxus dumortieri (Fontannes, 1878)
 † Theodoxus fasciatus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus gnezdai (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus grateloupianus (Férussac, 1823)
 † Theodoxus hoernesanus (Semper, 1867)
 † Theodoxus ingulenzis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus kalodictya (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus koslinskyi (Porumbaru, 1881)
 † Theodoxus lamellatus (Brusina, 1892)
 † Theodoxus lineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus lorkovici (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus macedonicus Wenz, 1943 
 † Theodoxus maculosus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus mayeri (Semper, 1867)
 † Theodoxus militaris (Neumayr, 1869)
 † Theodoxus miljkovici (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus millepunctatus (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus moeschi Locard, 1893 
 † Theodoxus morulus Kühn, 1963 
 † Theodoxus mutinensis (d'Ancona, 1869)
 † Theodoxus neumayri (Burgerstein, 1877)
 † Theodoxus nitens Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus nivosus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus novorossicus (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus obtusangulaeformis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus oxytropida (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus pavlovici Milošević, 1983 
 † Theodoxus philippianus Locard, 1883 
 † Theodoxus pilari (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus platystoma (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus pseudodanubialis (Sinzov, 1896)
 † Theodoxus pseudofluviatilis Locard, 1893 
 † Theodoxus pseudograteloupanus (Sinzov, 1884)
 † Theodoxus radmanesti (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus radovanovici (Brusina, 1893)
 † Theodoxus reiseri (Brusina, 1902)
 † Theodoxus rugosus (Pavlović, 1931)
 † Theodoxus sagittiferus (Brusina, 1874)
 † Theodoxus schachmaticus (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus scoliogramma (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus semidentatus (Sandberger, 1875)
 † Theodoxus serrulatus (Brusina, 1892)
 † Theodoxus slavonicus (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus sophievkaensis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus stanae (Brusina, 1893)
 † Theodoxus stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
 † Theodoxus stefanescuiformis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007 
 † Theodoxus subquadrofasciatus Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus subslavonicus Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus sundicus (Andrusov, 1909)
 † Theodoxus suskalovici (Pavlović, 1903)
 † Theodoxus sycophantus (Brusina, 1878)
 † Theodoxus tropidophorus (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus turbinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
 † Theodoxus veljetinensis (Pavlović, 1903)
 † Theodoxus venustus (Brusina, 1897)
 † Theodoxus xanthozona (Brusina, 1884)
 † Theodoxus zagradovkaensis Gozhik, 2002 
 † Theodoxus zivkovici (Pavlović, 1903) 

Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912	
 † Theodoxus unguiculatus (Seninski, 1905)

Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930
 † Theodoxus colchicus (Andrusov, 1912)

Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855
  (Récluz, 1841)
 † Theodoxus groyanus (Férussac, 1823) 
  (Sowerby)
 † Theodoxus micans (Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867) 
  (Reeve, 1856) - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)
 † Theodoxus subdoricus Schütt, 1976 
 Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963
 Theodoxus peloponensis (Récluz, 1841)
 Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)

Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810

  Schütt, 1965
 Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)
 † Theodoxus becenensis (Cobălcescu, 1883) 
 † Theodoxus brenneri (Handmann, 1882) 
 † Theodoxus carasiensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus constantiae Stefanescu, 1896 
 † Theodoxus culceri (Porumbaru, 1881) 
 † Theodoxus cyrtocelis (Krauss, 1852) 
  	(Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus denisluensis (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 † Theodoxus deperditus (Almera, 1894) 
 † Theodoxus elongatulus (Philippi, 1844) 
 † Theodoxus eugenii Jekelius, 1944 
  (Clessin, 1886)
  (Linnaeus, 1758) - 模式種. synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908) (but as separate species per); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f.  alboguttata Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908; Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810. Bunje (2005) does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999 to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.
 † Theodoxus gregarius (Thomä, 1845) 
 Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)
 † Theodoxus hisingeri (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841) 
 Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)
 † Theodoxus jekeliusi Jurišić-Polšak, 1979 
 † Theodoxus leobersdorfensis (Handmann, 1887) 
  (Philippi, 1836)
 † Theodoxus milessii Papp, 1979 
 † Theodoxus moosbrunnensis Papp, 1953 
 † Theodoxus morellii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841) 
  Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Theodoxus lituratus (Eichwald, 1838)
 † Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouër, 1879) 
  (Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus punctatolineatus (Sinzov, 1896) 
  (Bourguignat, 1852)
 † Theodoxus scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880) 
 † Theodoxus semiplicatus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 
 † Theodoxus simplex (Fuchs, 1877) 
 † Theodoxus subglobosus (Eichwald, 1853) 
  (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865) or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865
  (Pfeiffer, 1828)
 † Theodoxus trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839) 
 † Theodoxus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944 
  (Graells, 1846)
 † Theodoxus zografi (Brusina, 1902) 

Subgenus ?

 † Theodoxus abnormis (Jenkins, 1864) 
 † Theodoxus almelae (Revilla, 1958) 
 Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994
 † Theodoxus banaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus bohotinensis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940) 
 † Theodoxus bolivari (Royo Gómez, 1922) 
 † Theodoxus bukowskii (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828)
  (Leach, 1815)
 † Theodoxus crenulatus (Klein, 1853) 
 † Theodoxus cunici (Brusina, 1892) 
 Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)
  † Theodoxus doricus (Neumayr, 1880)
  (Clessin, 1886)
 Theodoxus gloeri Odabaşi & Arslan, 2015
 Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, 2020
 † Theodoxus hellenicus (Bukowski, 1896) 
 † Theodoxus imbricatus (Brusina, 1878) 
 † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus karasuna
  † Theodoxus licherdopoli (Stefanescu, 1896)
 Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)
 Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)
  (Bourguignat, 1864)
 Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)
 Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966
 Theodoxus mutinensis
  (Récluz, 1841)
 Theodoxus olivaceus
  Lindholm, 1924
  Theodoxus pallidus Dunker, 1861
 † Theodoxus pappi Sauerzopf, 1952 
 † Theodoxus paradisii (Magrograssi, 1928) 
 † Theodoxus patrae Esu & Girotti, 2015 
 † Theodoxus percarinatus (Oppenheim, 1919) 
 Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)
 † Theodoxus politioanei Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus politus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus poppei Ahuir, 2020
 † Theodoxus postcrenulatus Papp, 1953 
 † Theodoxus prozlatarici Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus pseudodacicus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 †
 † Theodoxus quadrifasciatus (Bielz, 1864) †
Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838 IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0 -->
 † Theodoxus reticulatus Pană, 1990 
Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->
 † Theodoxus rhodiensis (Tournouër in Fischer, 1877) 
 Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)
 Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)
 † Theodoxus scriptus (Stefanescu, 1896) 
 † Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914
 † Theodoxus sinjanus (Brusina, 1876) 
 † Theodoxus soceni Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus sphaeroidalis (Revilla, 1958) 
 † Theodoxus spratti (Jenkins, 1864)
 † Theodoxus stoicai Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014 
  Bourguignat in Issel, 1865
 † Theodoxus susuzianus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Hoşgör, 2018 
 † Theodoxus timisensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus trilophosensis Rust, 1997 
 Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)
  V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1999
 Theodoxus vespertinus (Sowerby II, 1849)
 Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, 2020
 Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, 2020
 † Theodoxus zlatarici Brusina, 1902) 

Synonyms
 † Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of †  Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839) 
 Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)
 † Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of  Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874) is a synonym of  Mousson, 1874
 † Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of  † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944 
 Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 † Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887 
 † Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
 Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)
 † Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893) 
 Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of  Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
 † Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944 
 † Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823) 
 Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of   (Röding, 1798)
 † Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887) 
 † Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880):  synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880) 
 Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)
 † Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902) 
 Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of  (Linnaeus, 1758)
 † Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

參考文獻 
本條目包含源自公有领域的內容：

 Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. Pp. 696-1366

外部連結 

 

蜑螺科