Collaboratory

Collaboratory是由于1989年提出的概念，它被定义为一个没有界限的中心，国家的研究人员可以在其中进行研究，无需受限于物理位置，能够与同事互动，访问仪器、共享数据和计算资源，并从数字图书馆中获取信息。

1991年，Laurence C. Rosenberg认为Collaboratory是一个实验和实证研究环境，在这个环境中，科学家们相互工作和交流，设计系统，参与协作科学，并进行实验以评估和改进系统。这些定义的简化形式将Collaboratory描述为参与者利用计算和通信技术访问共享仪器和数据，并与他人进行沟通的环境。

1998年，Sara Ann Bly对这一定义进行了进一步细化，将Collaboratory描述为一个系统，将整个科学界的利益与计算机科学和工程界的利益结合起来，以创建集成的、面向工具的计算和通信系统，以支持科学合作。  

2003年，Derrick L. Cogburn提供了一个更广泛的定义，指出Collaboratory不仅仅是信息和通信技术的整合，它还是一种新的网络化组织形式，涵盖了社会过程、合作技巧、正式和非正式的沟通，以及达成一致的规范、原则、价值观和规则）。

外部連結 
 Collaboratory 
 upyter

参见 
 Jupyter
 Python

参考文献

有关文献 
 Berry, B., Byrd, A., & Wieder, A. (2013). Teacherpreneurs: Innovative teachers who lead but don't leave. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
 Bly, S. (1998). Special section on collaboratories, Interactions, 5(3), 31, New York: ACM Press.
 Bos, N., Zimmerman, A., Olson, J., Yew, J., Yerkie, J., Dahl, E. and Olson, G. (2007), From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12: 652–672.
 Chin, G., Jr., & Lansing, C. S. (2004). Capturing and supporting contexts for scientific data sharing via the biological sciences collaboratory, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work, 409-418, New York: ACM Press.
 Cogburn, D. L. (2003). HCI in the so-called developing world: what's in it for everyone, Interactions, 10(2), 80-87, New York: ACM Press.
 Cosley, D., Frankowsky, D., Kiesler, S., Terveen, L., & Riedl, J. (2005). How oversight improves member-maintained communities, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 11-20.
 Finholt, T. A. (1995). Evaluation of electronic work: research on collaboratories at the University of Michigan, ACM SIGOIS Bulletin, 16(2), 49–51.
 Finholt, T.A. Collaboratories. (2002). In B. Cronin (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (pp. 74–107), 36. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Information Science.
 Finholt, T.A., & Olson, G.M. (1997). From laboratories to collaboratories: A new organizational form for scientific collaboration. Psychological Science, 8, 28-36.
 Henline, P. (1998). Eight collaboratory summaries, Interactions, 5(3), 66–72, New York: ACM Press.
 Olson, G.M. (2004). Collaboratories. In W.S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing.
 Olson, G.M., Teasley, S., Bietz, M. J., & Cogburn, D. L. (2002). Collaboratories to support distributed science: the example of international HIV/AIDS research, Proceedings of the 2002 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on enablement through technology, 44–51.
 Olson, G.M., Zimmerman, A., & Bos, N. (Eds.) (2008). Scientific collaboration on the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
 Pancerella, C.M., Rahn, L. A., Yang, C. L. (1999). The diesel combustion collaboratory: combustion researchers collaborating over the internet, Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/IEEE conference on supercomputing, New York: ACM Press.
 Rosenberg, L. C. (1991). Update on National Science Foundation funding of the “collaboratory”, Communications of the ACM, 34(12), 83, New York: ACM Press.
 Sonnenwald, D.H. (2003). Expectations for a scientific collaboratory: A case study, Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on supporting group work, 68–74, New York: ACM Press.
 Sonnenwald, D.H., Whitton, M.C., & Maglaughlin, K.L. (2003). Scientific collaboratories: evaluating their potential, Interactions, 10(4), 9–10, New York: ACM Press.
 Wulf, W. (1989, March). The national collaboratory. In Towards a national collaboratory. Unpublished report of a National Science Foundation invitational workshop, Rockefeller University, New York.
 Wulf, W. (1993) The collaboratory opportunity. Science, 261, 854-855.

1989年面世
协作
实验室
技术系统