操演性

操演性（），或譯作表演性、展演性，是指语言作為社会行为形式发挥作用、產生效果的術語。 操演性，在人类学、社会地理學、文化地理学、经济学、性别研究、法學、语言学、戲劇理論、表演研究、历史、管理學和哲学等不同领域有多种应用與定義。

術語，來自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力：通过言语和交流，來采取行动，或達成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述敘說（）区分開來，稱為操演敘說（）。奧斯丁定义陈述敘說为可以“评估为真或假”的語句。而操演敘說的常见例子，有：承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 

受奥斯汀影响，性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为，性别是通过日常的言语行为和非语言行為在社会上构建的，有助于定义和维持身份。 这种性別操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反，性別操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因，而不只是結果，而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲学家的影响。

参考

註

註腳

延伸閱讀 
Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Austin, J. L. 1970. "Performative Utterances." In Austin, "Philosophical Papers", 233–52. London: Oxford University Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. "Discourse in the Novel", The dialogic imagination : four essays; edited by Michael Holquist; translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist Austin: University of Texas Press, c1981. 
Barad, Karen. 2003. "Posthumanist Performativity: Toward and Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28.3: 801–831.
Boldyrev, Ivan and Svetlova, Ekaterina. 2016. Enacting Dismal Science: New Perspectives on the Performativity of Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brickell, Chris. 2005. "Masculinities, Performativity, and Subversion: A Sociological Reappraisal." Men and Masculinities 8.1: 24–43.
Brisset, Nicolas.  2017. "On performativity: Option Theory and the Resistance of Financial Phenomena". Journal of the History of Economic Thought. 39(4) : 549–569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1053837217000128 
Brisset, Nicolas. 2019. Economics and Performativity. Exploring limits,Theories and Cases. Routledge INEM Advances in Economic Methodology.
Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies that Matter. On the Discursive Limits of Sex. London and New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith. 1997. Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. London and New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith. 2000. "Critically Queer", in Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
Butler, Judith. 2010. "Performative Agency", in Journal of Cultural Economy 3:2, 147–161. .
Callon, Michel. 1998. "Introduction: the Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics". In M. Callon (ed.), The Laws of the Markets. Oxford: Blackwell.
Derrida, Jacques. 1971. "Signature, Event, Context", in Limited, inc., Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1988.
Dunn, R.G. 1997.  "Self, Identity and Difference: Mead and the Poststructuralists." Sociological Quarterly 38.4: 687–705.
Felluga, Dino. "Modules on Butler". Retrieved on 10/30/06 from Modules on Butler II: Performativity .
Felman, Shoshana. 1980/2003. The Scandal of the Speaking Body: Don Juan With J.L. Austin, or Seduction in Two Languages. Translated by Catherine Porter. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Garfinkel, Harold. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 
Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
Glass, Michael & Rose-Redwood, Reuben. 2014. Performativity, Politics, and the Production of Social Space. New York: Routledge.
Goffman, Erving. 1976. "Gender Display" and "Gender Commercials." Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper and Row. 
Goffman, Erving. 1983. "Frame Analysis of Talk." The Goffman Reader, Lemert and Branaman, eds., Blackwell, 1997.
Green, Adam Isaiah. 2007. "Queer Theory and Sociology: Locating the Subject and the Self in Sexuality Studies." Sociological Theory 25.1: 26–45.
Hall, Stuart. 2000. "Who Needs Identity?" In Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
Hawkes, David. 2020. The Reign of Anti-logos: Performance in Postmodernity (Palgrave Insights into Apocalypse Economics), London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 
Kessler, Suzanne, and Wendy McKenna. 1978. Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  Pdf.
Lloyd, Moya. 1999. "Performativity, Parody, Politics", Theory, Culture & Society, 16(2), 195–213.
Matynia, Elzbieta. 2009. Performative Democracy. Boulder: Paradigm.
Membretti, Andrea. 2009. "Per un uso performativo delle immagini nella ricerca-azione sociale", Lo Squaderno n.12 (http://www.losquaderno.professionaldreamers.net/?p=1101 )
McKenzie, Jon. "Perform or Else: From Discipline to Performance." London: Routledge, 2001.
McKenzie, Jon, Heike Roms, and C. J. Wan-ling. Wee. "Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research." Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Muñoz, Performing Disidentifications. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. 1999. 
Oliver, Kelly. 2003. "What Is Transformative about the Performative? From Repetition to Working Through." In Ann Cahill and Jennifer Hansen, eds., Continental Feminism Reader.
Parker and Sedgwick, Introduction: Performativity and Performance. Performativity and Performance. 1995.
Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Robinson, Douglas. 2003. Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as Doing Things With Words. London and New York: Routledge.
Robinson, Douglas. 2006. Introducing Performative Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge.
Roudavski, Stanislav. 2008. Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture  (PhD, University of Cambridge) 
Rosaldo, Michele. 1980. The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and speech act theory in philosophy. Language in Society 11: 203–237.
Searle, John. 1969. "Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language ". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sedgwick, Eve Kosovsky. 2003. Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
West, Candace and Don Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender and Society 1.2: 121–151.

社會學理論
科技研究
科學研究
符號學
語用學
女性主义术语
女性主義哲學