緊縮政策

緊縮政策（）是一套政治經濟政策，旨在通過削減支出，增加稅收或兩者結合來減少政府預算赤字。一個國家的政府若發現難以償還國家債務，便會考慮採用緊縮政策。這些政策旨在通過拉近政府收支差距來減少預算赤字，減輕還債難度。緊縮政策還能向債權人和信貸評級機構展示政府的財政紀律。

在大多數宏觀經濟學模型中，緊縮政策通常伴隨政府支出下降而使失業率上升。削減政府支出會減少公營機構的就業機會，這亦可能發生在私營機構身上。此外，加稅可以通過減少家庭可支配收入來減少消費。有人認為減少支出可能導致更高的債務GDP比率，因為政府支出本身就是GDP的組成部分。例如在大蕭條之後，雖然預算赤字有所減少，但很多歐洲國家執行緊縮政策之後均出現了失業率上升和債務GDP比率上升的情況。

當一個經濟體在處於或接近產能狀態運作時，較高的短期赤字支出（刺激）可能會導致利率上升，導致私人投資減少，進一步壓抑經濟增長。在產能過剩的地方，刺激措施可能導致就業和產出增加。

參考資料

外部連結

 The Austerity Zone: Life in the New Europe  – videos by The New York Times
 Socialist Studies Special Edition on Austerity (2011) 
 Panic-driven austerity in the Eurozone and its implications Paul De Grauwe, Yuemei Ji, 21 February 2013 
 NYT Review of Books – Paul Krugman – How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled – June 2013 
 IMF Working Paper-Olivier Blanchard and Daniel Leigh-Growth Forecast Errors and Fiscal Multipliers-January 2013 
 How Austerity Kills . The New York Times. 12 May 2013.
 The Austerity Delusion; Why a Bad Idea Won Over the West  May/June 2013 Foreign Affairs
 Video: Richard Koo debates Kenneth Rogoff about the need for austerity , Institute for New Economic Thinking inaugural conference, 22 April 2010
 "Debt may be 'Schuld' in German, but it's 'belief' in Italian and 'faith' in English" Interview with Mark Blyth  Science Portal L.I.S.A., 26 January 2015
 Austerity’s Greek Death Toll: Study Connects Strict Measures to Rise in Suicides . Truthdig. 4 February 2015.
 Hundreds of mental health experts issue rallying call against austerity . The Guardian. 17 April 2015.
 Juice Rap News (April 2015). The EuroDivision Contest , a satire/parody of austerity
 Is austerity the new normal? A look at Greece and France, Tony Cross 
 Life Under Austerity . Jacobin. 12 July 2015.
 Austerity policies do more harm than good, IMF study concludes . The Guardian. 27 May 2016.
 When left-leaning parties support austerity, their voters start to embrace the far right . The Washington Post. November 20, 2018

 
政府支出
宏觀經濟學
財政政策