耳螺科

耳螺科（学名：），亦作耳蝸牛科，是腹足綱耳螺總科（学名：）之下的一個科。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目。

型態描述
本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口。

分佈及棲息地
本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域。部分物種嗜鹽，常栖息在河口半淡鹹水域或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裡，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生。

系統分類

屬
，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬：
 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae 
 小罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychiella 
 Genus Carychiopsis  †
 罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychium 
 == Auricella 
 == Auriculina 
 == Saraphia 
 Genus Koreozospeum 
 Genus Protocarychium  †
 Genus Zospeum 
 == Speozoum 
 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae 
 Auriculinella 
 == Leuconia 
 == Leucopepla 
 Blauneria 
 耳螺屬 Ellobium 
 == Auricula 
 == Auriculina 
 == Auriculodes 
 == Auriculus 
 == Autonoe 
 == Autonoella 
 == Geovula 
 Genus Leucophytia 
 Genus Stolidomopsis  †
 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae 
 Genus Detracia 
 尖耳螺屬 Melampus ：嗜鹽。
 == Conovulus 
 == Pira 
 == Tifata 
 Genus Tralia 
 趾蝸牛亞科 Pedipedinae
 趾蝸牛屬 Pedipes Férussac, 1821
 扁耳螺亞科 Pythiinae 
 異耳螺屬 Allochroa ：嗜鹽。
 金耳螺屬 Auriculastra ：嗜鹽。
 == Cylindrotis 
 冠耳螺屬 Cassidula ：又名鼬耳螺屬，嗜鹽。
 == Cassidulella 
 == Cassidulina 
 == Rhodostoma 
 肋耳螺屬 Laemodonta 
 Myosotella ：嗜鹽。
 皺耳螺屬 Ophicardelus ：嗜鹽。
 Ovatella 
 Pleuroloba 
 女教士螺屬 Pythia ：嗜鹽。
異名：
  » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)
  » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])
  » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821
  » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
  » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
  » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)
  » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
  » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)
 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase
 subfamily Zaptychiinae †
 Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。
 亞科地位未定
 Genus Juramarinula  †
 Genus Leopoldium  †
 Genus Melampoides  †
 Genus Mesauriculstra  †
 Genus Mesochilina  †
 Genus Palaeoleuca  †
 Genus Proauriculastra  †
 Genus Pythiopsis  †
 Genus Rhytophorus  †
 Genus Semiauricula  †
 Genus Stolidoma  †
 Genus Tortacella  †
 Genus Traliopsis  †

subfamily ?
 Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
 Auriculodes Strand, 1928
 Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
 Creedonia Martins, 1996
 Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
 Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
 Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
 微耳螺屬 Microtralia ：嗜鹽。
 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
 Ovatella Bivona, 1832
 Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
 Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
 Tralia Gray, 1840
異名：
 Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
 Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
 Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
 Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
 Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
 Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
 Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
 Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
 Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

参考文献
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference

外部連結