史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯

史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯（，），美国佛蒙特州人，是一名民主黨籍的政治家。道格拉斯曾任聯邦眾議員與聯邦參議員，也是內布拉斯加法案的設計者，並曾在1860年代表民主黨參選美國總統，但敗於共和黨的亞伯拉罕·林肯。道格拉斯先前在中与林肯的辩论中战胜了他。他曾推动通过了1850年妥协案来防止蓄奴问题导致更大的南北区域分歧。道格拉斯坚持倡导人民主权，认为美国领地蓄奴与否的问题应自行解决、而不受到联邦干涉。该立场同时被和廢奴主義者反对。由于其较小的体型和具有影响力的政治地位，道格拉斯常被称为“小巨人”。

职业生涯

1860年总统选举

提名 
道格拉斯在1858年重新胜选参议员巩固了他在民主党党内获取1860年美国总统选举提名的可能。他的支持者主要来自北方和中西部，而如亚历山大·史蒂芬斯的一些亲联邦南方政客也同意他的主张。道格拉斯和时任总统詹姆斯·布坎南不合，而他的主张则让更多南方参议员对其反感。在中，布坎南联合其南方盟友豁免了道格拉斯的主席的职位。道格拉斯协助阻止了通过联邦奴隶条款，而后他建立农业赠地大学的法案被布坎南否决。

註釋

參考文獻
 Robert W. Johannsen, ed. The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (1961)
 Paul M. Angle, ed., Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (1958)
 Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience," Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
 Lincoln, Abraham and Douglas, Stephen A. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text. Harold Holzer, Ed. Harpercollins, 1993.
 Harry V. Jaffa and Robert W. Johannsen, eds. In the Name of the People: Speeches and Writings of Lincoln and Douglas in the Ohio Campaign of 1859. (1959) online version
 Douglas, Stephen Arnold. A brief treatise upon constitutional and party questions, and the history of political parties, (1861) James Madison Cutts, ed. (1866)

延伸閱讀
 Barbee, David R.,  and Milledge L. Bonham, Jr. "The Montgomery Address of Stephen A. Douglas," Journal of Southern History, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Nov., 1939), pp. 527–552 in JSTOR
 Bordewich, Fergus M. America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union (2012) excerpt and text search
 Capers, Gerald M. Stephen A. Douglas: Defender of the Union (1959), short biography
 Childers, Christopher. "Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographical Essay," Civil War History Volume 57, Number 1, March 2011 pp. 48–70 in Project MUSE
 Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience" Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
 Dean; Eric T., Jr. "Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty" Historian 1995 57(4): 733-748 online version
 Egerton, Douglas R., Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War, Bloomsbury Press, 2010. more on the book
 Eyal, Yonatan. "With His Eyes Open: Stephen A. Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Disaster of 1854" Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 1998 91(4): 175-217. ISSN 1522-1067
 Glickstein, Jonathan A., American exceptionalism, American anxiety: wages, competition, and degraded labor in the Antebellum United States; University of Virginia Press, (2002)
 Hansen, Stephen and Nygard, Paul. "Stephen A. Douglas, the Know-nothings, and the Democratic Party in Illinois, 1854-1858" Illinois Historical Journal 1994 87(2): 109-130.
 Huston, James L.  "Democracy by Scripture versus Democracy by Process: A Reflection on Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty." Civil War History. 43#1 (1997) pp: 189+. online version
 Huston, James L. "Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality." Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007.
 Jaffa, Harry V. Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. 1959. online version
 Johannsen, Robert W. Stephen A. Douglas (1973), 993pp
 Johannsen, Robert W. The Frontier, the Union, and Stephen A. Douglas U. of Illinois Press, 1989.
 McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom. Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. Standard modern history of the war.
 Milton, George Fort. The Eve of Conflict: Stephen A. Douglas and the Needless War (1934), older scholarly biography
 Morris, Roy, Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America, HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
 Morrison, Michael A.Slavery and the American west: the eclipse of manifest destiny and the coming of the American Civil War University of North Carolina Press, (1997)
 Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union especially vol 1-4 (1947–63): Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847-1852; A House Dividing, 1852-1857; Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857-1859; Prologue to Civil War, 1859-1861.
 Nichols, Roy F. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography", Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43 (1956): 187-212; JSTOR
 Peck, Graham A. "Was Stephen A. Douglas Antislavery?," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, Summer 2005 online
 Quitt, Martin H. "Stephen A. Douglas and Antebellum Democracy." (2012) New York: Cambridge University Press.
 Rhodes, James Ford.  History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850  (1920) vol 1-2, detailed narrative
 Russel, Robert R.  "What Was the Compromise of 1850?" Journal of Southern History 20 (1956): 292-309 in JSTOR
 Russel, Robert R. "The Issues in the Congressional Struggle Over the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854," Journal of Southern History 29 (May 1963): 187-210; in JSTOR
 Stevenson, James A. "Lincoln vs. Douglas over the Republican Ideal" American Studies 1994 35(1): 63-89
 Zarefsky, David. Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: in the Crucible of Public Debate (1990). 309 pp

外部連結

Project Gutenberg text of Life of Stephen A. Douglas by William Gardner
Page images of two Speeches made by Douglas, one on the Compromise of 1850
Speech made before the NY State Agricultural Society
Association dedicated to preservation of Douglas history. Site contains many speeches and images.

死于伤寒的人
伊利诺伊州联邦众议员
美国民主党联邦众议员
蘇格蘭裔美國人
美国民主党联邦参议员
美國民主黨總統候選人
伊利諾州聯邦參議員
伊利諾州眾議員
美国州最高法院法官
1856年美国总统选举候选人
北方联邦政治领袖