流放地

流放地是用來流放囚犯的偏僻地區，通常是島嶼或遙遠的殖民地，將囚犯與一般民眾分開，使囚犯無法輕易返回原本居住或活動的地方。

歷史上，流放地通常是一個國家經濟不發達的部分地區，規模比目前監獄農場更大。英國和法國等殖民帝國曾大量使用北美和世界其他地區來流放犯人。

參考資訊
 Diiulio, John J., Governing Prisons: A Comparative Study of Correctional Management , Simon and Schuster, 1990. ISBN 0-02-907883-0
 Dupont, Jerry, "The Common Law Abroad: Constitutional and Legal Legacy of the British Empire", Wm. S. Hein Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-8377-3125-9, ISBN 978-0-8377-3125-4
 Johnsen, Thomas C., "Vita: Howard Belding Gill: Brief Life of a Prison Reformer: 1890-1989" , Harvard Magazine, September–October 1999, p. 54.
 Serrill, M. S., "Norfolk - A Retrospective - New Debate Over a Famous Prison Experiment," Corrections Magazine, Volume 8, Issue 4 (August 1982), pp. 25–32.
 Mun Cheong Yong, V. V. Bhanoji Rao, "Singapore-India Relations: A Primer", Study Group on Singapore-India Relations, National University of Singapore Centre for Advanced Studies Contributor Mun Cheong Yong, V. V. Bhanoji Rao, Yong Mun Cheong, Published by NUS Press, 1995. ISBN 9971-69-195-7, ISBN 978-9971-69-195-0

地方
監禁及拘留
劳动改造