勞動所得稅扣抵制

勞動所得稅扣抵制（Earned income tax credit）是美國一種租稅扣抵制度，針對低收入和中等收入的個人和夫婦進行補貼，特別是擁有兒童的夫妻，1975年首次實施。當勞動所得低於一定金額時，部分稅賦可以抵免，以彌補社會安全稅的負擔，並保持工作的誘因 。

勞動所得稅扣抵制是美國最大的減少貧窮計劃。2004年，將近21萬美國家庭接受了超過$36億美元的租稅扣抵。

參考

連結

Taxpayer info/tools:

IRS EITC Assistant , which can help determine if you qualify for EITC
IRS 1040 Instructions 2010 , Earned Income Credit instructions on pages 45–48, optional worksheets 49–51, credit table itself 51–58.  Only required attachment is Schedule EIC if one is claiming a qualifying child.
IRS Schedule EIC .  A person or couple claiming qualifying child(ren) needs to attach this form to the 1040 or 1040A tax return.
IRS Publication 596 – Earned Income Credit , a publication aimed at people who will potentially be claiming the credit.

Organizations/campaigns:
National EITC Outreach Campaign ,
National Community Tax Coalition , an organization that supports the EITC and tries to help make sure people claim it
Boston EITC Campaign 
Tax Credits for Working Families 

Background:
Section 13  ("Tax Provisions Related to Retirement, Health, Poverty, Employment, Disability, and Other Social Issues") of the House Ways and Means Committee's Green Book provides historical information, including previous EITC parameters. (The version linked to here is the 2004 edition. Note: it's not published anuually.)

Policy Analysis:
Congressional Budget Office report for Senate Finance Committee, on "the Effects of Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage Versus Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit" (January 9, 2007) 
New Research Findings on the Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 11, 1998 
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Percentage of Total Tax Returns and Credit Amount by State  a Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report
The Earned Income Tax Credit at Age 30: What We Know , Steve Holt, the Brookings Institution
The Hidden Welfare State: Tax Expenditures and Social Policy in the United States , Christopher Howard, Princeton University Press, 1997.  Mr. Howard discusses the mortgage interest deduction, employer pensions, EITC, and the targeted jobs tax credit as examples of tax expenditures.

Podcast:
https://web.archive.org/web/20100523070031/http://bostontaxhelp.libsyn.com/ Boston Tax Help podcast. Produced by Craig Far-Corporate/Community Partnerships/Boston EITC Campaign

美国个人所得税
税收抵免
税务术语
税收和再分配
美国税务