麴黴屬

麴黴屬（学名：Aspergillus）是一個由幾百種多細胞黴菌菌種所組成的菌屬，在許多氣候條件下皆可發現牠們的蹤影。

麴黴屬於1729年被（一位義大利神父兼生物學家）首次記錄。在顯微鏡下，米凱利發現該菌屬的形狀長的與（拉丁文：aspergillum）相似，該菌屬名Aspergillus因而得名。聖水勺構造是所有麴黴屬皆有的一種無性生殖產孢構造，大約1/3的該屬物種也具備有性生殖階段。

分類

種 

麴黴屬由數百種菌種所組成。

 Aspergillus acidohumus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus acidus Kozak.
 Aspergillus acolumnaris Varshney & A.K.Sarbhoy
 Aspergillus acrensis Hubka, A.Nováková, Yaguchi, Matsuz. & Y.Horie
 Aspergillus aculeatinus Noonim, Frisvad, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka
 Aspergillus acutus Blaser
 Aspergillus aeneus Sappa
 Aspergillus aerius A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus affinis Davolos, Persiani, Pietr. & Maggi
 Aspergillus aflatoxiformans Frisvad, Ezekiel, Samson & Houbraken
 Aspergillus alabamensis Balajee, Baddley, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus albertensis J.P.Tewari
 Aspergillus allahabadii B.S.Mehrotra & Agnihotri
 Aspergillus alliaceus Thom & Church
 Aspergillus allocotus Bat. & H.Maia
 Aspergillus alutaceus Berk. & M.A.Curtis
 Aspergillus amazonensis (Henn.) Samson & Seifert
 Aspergillus ambiguus Sappa
 Aspergillus amstelodami (L.Mangin) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus amylovorus Panas. ex Samson
 Aspergillus angustatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus anomalus Mosseray
 Aspergillus anthodesmis Bartoli & Maggi
 Aspergillus apicalis B.S.Mehrotra & Basu
 Aspergillus appendiculatus Blaser
 Aspergillus arachidicola Pildain, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus arcoverdensis Y.Horie, Matsuzawa, Yaguchi & Camp.-Tak.
 Aspergillus ardalensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus arenarioides Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus arenarius Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus argenteus J.N.Rai & H.J.Chowdhery
 Aspergillus aridicola H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
 Aspergillus arxii (Fort & Guarro) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus asclerogenus Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus askiburgiensis A.Nováková, Hubka, Frisvad, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus aspearensis Houbraken, Frisvad, Arzanlou & Samson
 Aspergillus asper Jurjević & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus asperescens Stolk
 Aspergillus assiutensis Moub. & Soliman
 Aspergillus assulatus (S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus astellatus (Fennell & Raper) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus atacamensis Zalar, Azúa-Bustos & Gunde-Cim.
 Aspergillus atheciellus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus athecius Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus attinii J.Lehm.
 Aspergillus aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J.Chen, Jurjević & Samson
 Aspergillus aurantiobrunneus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus aurantiopurpureus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus auratus Warcup
 Aspergillus aureofulgens Luppi Mosca
 Aspergillus aureolatus Munt.-Cvetk. & Bata
 Aspergillus aureolus Fennell & Raper
 Aspergillus aureoluteus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus aureoterreus Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
 Aspergillus auricomus (Guég.) Saito
 Aspergillus australiensis (Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus austroafricanus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus austwickii Frisvad, Ezekiel, Samson & Houbraken
 Aspergillus avenaceus G.Sm.
 Aspergillus awamori Nakaz.
 Aspergillus baeticus A.Nováková & Hubka
 Aspergillus batatas Saito
 Aspergillus beijingensis D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
 Aspergillus bertholletiae Taniwaki, Pitt & Frisvad
 Aspergillus bezerrae J.P.Andrade, C.N.Figueiredo, H.G.de Souza, J.T.De Souza & P.A.S.Marbach
 Aspergillus bicephalus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Gené & Guarro
 Aspergillus bicolor M.Chr. & States
 Aspergillus biplanus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus bisporus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus bombycis S.W.Peterson, Yoko Ito, B.W.Horn & T.Goto
 Aspergillus botswanensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus botucatensis Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
 Aspergillus brasiliensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus brevipes G.Sm.
 Aspergillus brevistipitatus A.Nováková & Hubka
 Aspergillus bridgeri M.Chr.
 Aspergillus brunneouniseriatus Suj.Singh & B.K.Bakshi
 Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus Bat. & H.Maia
 Aspergillus caatingaensis Y.Horie, Matsuz., Yaguchi & Y.Takaki
 Aspergillus caelatus B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus caesiellus Saito
 Aspergillus caespitosus Raper & Thom
 Aspergillus calidoustus Varga, Houbraken & Samson
 Aspergillus californicus Frisvad, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus calyptratus Oudem.
 Aspergillus campestris M.Chr.
 Aspergillus canadensis Visagie, N.Yilmaz, Sklenar & Seifert
 Aspergillus candidus Link
 Aspergillus caninus (Sigler, Deanna A.Sutton, Gibas, Summerb. & Iwen) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus capensis Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus caperatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus capsici (J.F.H.Beyma) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thom
 Aspergillus carlsbadensis Frisvad, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus carneus Blochwitz
 Aspergillus cavernicola Lörinczi
 Aspergillus cejpii (Milko) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus cellulosae Ellenberger
 Aspergillus cerealis Houbraken, Frisvad, Ezekiel & Samson
 Aspergillus cervinus Massee
 Aspergillus chevalieri (L.Mangin) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus chinensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus chlamydosporus (Gené & Guarro) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus christenseniae A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus chryseides Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus chrysellus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus cibarius S.B.Hong & Samson
 Aspergillus citocrescens Hubka, A.Nováková & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus citrinoterreus J.Guinea, Sand.-Den., Escribano, Bouza & Guarro
 Aspergillus citrisporus Höhn.
 Aspergillus clavatonanicus Bat., H.Maia & Alecrim
 Aspergillus clavatophorus Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus clavatus Desm.
 Aspergillus clavatus Dezm.
 Aspergillus collembolorum Dörfelt & A.R.Schmidt
 Aspergillus collinsii Jurjević & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus compatibilis Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus conicus Blochwitz
 Aspergillus conjunctus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus contaminans Hubka, Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & Lysková
 Aspergillus conversis Hubka & A.Nováková
 Aspergillus coreanus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus coremiiformis Bartoli & Maggi
 Aspergillus corolligenus (Massee) Subram.
 Aspergillus corrugatus Udagawa & Y.Horie
 Aspergillus costaricensis Samson & Frisvad
 Aspergillus costiformis H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
 Aspergillus crassihyphae Wadhwani & N.Mehrotra
 Aspergillus creber Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus cremeoflavus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus cremeus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus cretensis Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus cristatellus Kozak.
 Aspergillus cristatus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus croceus Hubka, A.Nováková, Frisvad, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus crustosus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus cumulatus D.Han Kim & S.B.Hong
 Aspergillus curviformis H.J.Chowdhery & J.N.Rai
 Aspergillus cvjetkovicii Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus deflectus Fennell & Raper
 Aspergillus delicatus H.Z.Kong
 Aspergillus denticulatus (Samson, S.B.Hong & Frisvad) Samson, S.B.Hong, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus desertorum (Samson & Mouch.) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus destruens Zalar, Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus dimorphicus B.S.Mehrotra & R.Prasad
 Aspergillus discophorus Samson, Zalar & Frisvad
 Aspergillus diversus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus dobrogensis A.Nováková, Jurjević, Sklenar, Frisvad, Houbraken & Hubka
 Aspergillus domesticus Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
 Aspergillus dromiae A.J.Chen
 Aspergillus dubius Corda
 Aspergillus dybowskii (Pat.) Samson & Seifert
 Aspergillus eburneocremeus Sappa
 Aspergillus echinulatus Thom & Church
 Aspergillus egyptiacus Moub. & Moustafa
 Aspergillus elegans Gasperini
 Aspergillus ellipsoideus J.N.Rai & H.J.Chowdhery
 Aspergillus ellipticus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus elongatus J.N.Rai & S.C.Agarwal
 Aspergillus endophyticus Hubka, A.J.Chen & Samson
 Aspergillus equitis Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus erythrocephalus Berk. & M.A.Curtis
 Aspergillus eucalypticola Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus europaeus Hubka, A.Nováková, Samson, Houbraken, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus falconensis Y.Horie, Miyaji, Nishim. & Udagawa
 Aspergillus felis Barrs, van Doorn, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus fennelliae Kwon-Chung & S.J.Kim
 Aspergillus ferenczii (Varga & Samson) Samson, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Thom & Currie
 斐济曲霉 Aspergillus fijiensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus filifer Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus filifera Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus fimicola H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
 Aspergillus fischeri Wehmer
 Aspergillus fischerianus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus flaschentraegeri Stolk
 Aspergillus flavipes (Bainier & R.Sartory) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus flavofurcatus Bat. & H.Maia
 黄曲霉 Aspergillus flavus Link
 Aspergillus floccosus (Y.K.Shih) Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
 Aspergillus flocculosus Frisvad & Samson
 佛罗里达曲霉 Aspergillus floridensis Jurjević, G.Perrone & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus floriformis Samson & Mouch.
 Aspergillus foeniculicola Udagawa
 Aspergillus foetidus Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus fonsecaeus Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus foveolatus Y.Horie
 Aspergillus frankstonensis Barrs, Talbot & Houbraken
 Aspergillus frequens Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus fresenii Subram.
 Aspergillus fructus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus fruticans Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus fruticulosus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus fujiokensis Sugiy.
 Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
 烟曲霉 Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen.
 Aspergillus fumisynnematus Y.Horie, Miyaji, Nishim., Taguchi & Udagawa
 Aspergillus funiculosus G.Sm.
 加拉帕戈曲霉 Aspergillus galapagensis (Frisvad, S.B.Hong & Samson) Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
 Aspergillus germanicus Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 巨大麴黴 Aspergillus giganteus Wehmer
 Aspergillus glaber Blaser
 Aspergillus glabripes Sklenar, Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus glaucoaffinis Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus glauconiveus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus glaucus (L.) Link
 Aspergillus gorakhpurensis Kamal & Bhargava
 Aspergillus gracilis Bainier
 Aspergillus granulatus Mosseray
 Aspergillus granulosus Raper & Thom
 Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus griseus Link
 Aspergillus gymnosardae Yukawa
 海地曲霉 Aspergillus haitiensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus halophilicus M.Chr., Papav. & C.R.Benj.
 Aspergillus hancockii Pitt
 Aspergillus helicothrix Al-Musallam
 Aspergillus hennebergii Blochwitz
 Aspergillus heterocaryoticus C.M.Chr., L.C.López & C.R.Benj.
 Aspergillus heteromorphus Bat. & H.Maia
 Aspergillus heyangensis Z.T.Qi, Z.M.Sun & Yu X.Wang
 Aspergillus hiratsukae Udagawa, Tsub. & Y.Horie
 Aspergillus hollandicus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus homomorphus Steiman, Guiraud, Sage & Seigle-Mur. ex Samson & Frisvad
 香港曲霉 Aspergillus hongkongensis C.C.Tsang, T.W.S.Hui, K.C.Lee, J.H.K.Chen, A.H.Y.Ngan, E.W.T.Tam, J.F.W.Chan, A.L.Wu, M.Cheung, B.P.H.Tse, A.K.L.Wu, C.K.C.Lai, D.N.C.Tsang, T.L.Que, C.W.Lam, K.Y.Yuen, S.K.P.Lau & P.C.Y.Woo
 Aspergillus hordei Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus huiyaniae Y.Horie, Matsuz., Abliz & Yaguchi
 Aspergillus humicola Chaudhuri & Sachar
 Aspergillus ibericus R.Serra, J.Cabañes & G.Perrone
 Aspergillus igneus Kozak.
 Aspergillus iizukae Sugiy.
 Aspergillus implicatus Persiani & Maggi
 Aspergillus indohii Y.Horie
 Aspergillus indologenus Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus inflatus (Stolk & Malla) Samson, Frisvad, Varga, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus infrequens Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus ingratus Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
 Aspergillus insecticola Subram.
 Aspergillus insolitus (G.Sm.) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus insulicola Montem. & A.R.Santiago
 Aspergillus intermedius Blaser
 Aspergillus inuii Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz.
 Aspergillus iranicus Arzanlou, Houbraken & Samadi
 以色列曲霉 Aspergillus israelensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus itaconicus Kinosh.
 Aspergillus ivoriensis Bartoli & Maggi
 Aspergillus jaipurensis Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus janus Raper & Thom
 Aspergillus japonicus Saito
 Aspergillus jeanselmei N.Ota
 Aspergillus jensenii Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus kalimae Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
 Aspergillus kambarensis Sugiy.
 Aspergillus kanagawaensis Nehira
 Aspergillus karnatakaensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus kassunensis Baghd.
 Aspergillus keratitidis (Wei L.Chen, Y.M.Ju, H.M.Hsieh, H.Y.Lin & F.R.Hu) Zalar & Wei L.Chen
 Aspergillus keveii Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus keveioides L.Wang
 Aspergillus koningii Oudem.
 Aspergillus koreanus Hyang B.Lee, T.T.Duong & T.T.Nguyen
 Aspergillus labruscus Fungaro, Sartori, Ferranti, Frisvad, Taniwaki & Iamanaka
 Aspergillus laciniosus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus lacticoffeatus Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus lanosus Kamal & Bhargava
 Aspergillus latilabiatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus latus (Thom & Raper) A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus lentulus Balajee & K.A.Marr
 Aspergillus leporis States & M.Chr.
 Aspergillus leucocarpus Hadlok & Stolk
 Aspergillus levisporus Hubka, A.J.Chen, Jurjević & Samson
 Aspergillus longivesica L.H.Huang & Raper
 Aspergillus loretoensis S.González-Martinez & A.Portillo-López
 Aspergillus lucknowensis J.N.Rai, J.P.Tewari & S.C.Agarwal
 Aspergillus luppiae Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus luteoniger (M.L.Lutz) Thom & Church, 1926
 Aspergillus magnivesiculatus Sklenar, Zalar, Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus malignus Gedoelst ex Lindt
 Aspergillus mallochii C.M.Visagie, N.Yilmaz & K.A.Seifert
 Aspergillus mangaliensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus manginii Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus maritimus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus marvanovae Hubka, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus medius R.Meissn.
 Aspergillus megasporus C.M.Visagie, N.Yilmaz & K.A.Seifert
 Aspergillus melleus Yukawa
 Aspergillus mellinus Novobr.
 Aspergillus microcephalus Mosseray
 Aspergillus microcysticus Sappa
 Aspergillus micronesiensis Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus microperforatus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Deanna A.Sutton & J.Gené
 Aspergillus microthecius Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus minimus Wehmer
 Aspergillus minisclerotigenes Vaamonde, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus miraensis (L.C.Zhang, Juan Chen & S.X.Guo) Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus miyajii Y.Horie
 Aspergillus monodii (Locq.-Lin.) Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus montenegroi Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
 Aspergillus montevidensis Talice & J.A.Mackinnon
 Aspergillus mottae Soares, P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, N.Lima & Venâncio
 Aspergillus movilensis A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus multicolor Sappa
 Aspergillus multiplicatus Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
 Aspergillus mulundensis G.F.Bills & J.C.Frisvad
 Aspergillus muricatus Udagawa, Uchiy. & Kamiya
 Aspergillus mutabilis Bainier & Sartory
 Aspergillus nakazawae Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz.
 Aspergillus nanus Oudem.
 Aspergillus navahoensis M.Chr. & States
 Aspergillus neoalliaceus A.Nováková, Hubka, Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
 Aspergillus neobridgeri Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus neocarnoyi Kozak.
 Aspergillus neoellipticus Kozak.
 Aspergillus neoflavipes Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus neoglaber Kozak.
 Aspergillus neoniger Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus neoniveus Samson, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & Varga
 构巢曲霉 Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G.Winter
 黑曲霉 Aspergillus niger Tiegh.
 Aspergillus nishimurae Takada, Y.Horie & Abliz
 Aspergillus niveoglaucus Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus nomiae Kurtzman, B.W.Horn & Hesselt.
 Aspergillus noonimiae Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
 Aspergillus novofumigatus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus novoguineensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus novoparasiticus S.S.Gonç., Stchigel, Cano, Colombo & Guarro
 Aspergillus nutans McLennan & Ducker
 Aspergillus occultus Visagie, Seifert, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis Bat. & Maia
 Aspergillus ochraceoroseus Bartoli & Maggi
 Aspergillus ochraceus G.Wilh.
 Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis O.Bader & Houbraken
 Aspergillus oleicola Frisvad, Zalar & Samson
 阿曼曲霉 Aspergillus omanensis Y.Horie & Udagawa
 Aspergillus ornatulus Samson & W.Gams
 米曲霉 Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn
 Aspergillus osmophilus Asgari & Zare
 Aspergillus ostianus Wehmer
 Aspergillus otanii Takada, Y.Horie & Abliz
 Aspergillus pachycaulis Sklenar, S.W.Peterson, Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus pachycristatus Matsuz., Y.Horie & Yaguchi
 Aspergillus paleaceus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus pallidofulvus Visagie, Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus pallidus Kamyschko
 巴拿马曲霉 Aspergillus panamensis Raper & Thom
 Aspergillus papuensis (Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga) Samson, S.B.Hong & Varga
 Aspergillus parafelis Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
 Aspergillus parasiticus Speare
 Aspergillus parvathecius Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus parviverruculosus H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
 Aspergillus parvulus G.Sm.
 Aspergillus paulistensis Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
 Aspergillus penicilliformis Kamyschko
 青霉状曲霉 Aspergillus penicillioides Speg.
 Aspergillus pepii Despot, Kocsubé, Varga & Klarić
 Aspergillus periconioides Sacc.
 Aspergillus pernambucoensis Y.Horie, Matsuz., Yaguchi & Y.Takaki
 Aspergillus persii A.M.Corte & Zotti
 Aspergillus petersonii Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus petrakii Vörös-Felkai
 Aspergillus peyronelii Sappa
 Aspergillus phialiseptatus Kwon-Chung
 Aspergillus phialisepticus Kwon-Chung
 Aspergillus pidoplichkovii Bilaĭ & Koval
 Aspergillus pipericola Frisvad, Samson & Houbraken
 Aspergillus piperis Samson & Frisvad
 Aspergillus pisce (A.D.Hocking & Pitt) Houbraken, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus pluriseminatus (Stchigel & Guarro) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus polyporicola Hubka, A.Nováková, M.Kolařík & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus porosus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus porphyreostipitatus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus posadasensis Y.Marín, Stchigel & Cano
 Aspergillus pragensis Hubka, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus primulinus Udagawa, Toyaz. & Tsub.
 Aspergillus proliferans G.Sm.
 Aspergillus protuberus Munt.-Cvetk.
 Aspergillus pseudocaelatus Varga, Samson & Frisvad
 Aspergillus pseudodeflectus Samson & Mouch.
 Aspergillus pseudoelegans Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus pseudofelis Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
 Aspergillus pseudoglaucus Blochwitz
 Aspergillus pseudogracilis Sklenar, Jurjević & Hubka
 Aspergillus pseudonomiae Varga, Samson & Frisvad
 Aspergillus pseudosclerotiorum Siqueira, Deanna A.Sutton & Gené
 Aspergillus pseudotamarii Yoko Ito, S.W.Peterson, Wicklow & T.Goto
 Aspergillus pseudoterreus S.W.Peterson, Samson & Varga
 Aspergillus pseudoustus Frisvad, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans Sugui, S.W.Peterson & Kwon-Chung
 Aspergillus pulvericola Visagie, Seifert, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus pulverulentus (McAlpine) Thom
 Aspergillus pulvinus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus puniceus Kwon-Chung & Fennell
 Aspergillus purpureus Samson & Mouch.
 Aspergillus puulaauensis Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus qinqixianii Y.Horie, Abliz & R.Y.Li
 Aspergillus qizutongii D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
 Aspergillus quadricinctus E.Yuill
 Aspergillus quadricingens Kozak.
 Aspergillus quadrilineatus Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus raianus H.J.Chowdhery
 Aspergillus rambellii Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus raperi Stolk & J.A.Mey.
 Aspergillus recurvatus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus repens (Corda) Sacc.
 Aspergillus restrictus G.Sm.
 Aspergillus reticulatus Sklenar, Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus rhizopodus J.N.Rai, Wadhwani & S.C.Agarwal
 Aspergillus robustus M.Chr. & Raper
 Aspergillus roseoglobulosus Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus roseovelutinus Kamyschko
 Aspergillus roseus Link ex Berk.
 Aspergillus ruber (Jos.König, Spieck. & W.Bremer) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus rubrobrunneus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus rugulosus Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus rugulovalvus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus saccharolyticus A.Sørensen, P.S.Lübeck & Frisvad
 Aspergillus saitoi Sakag., Iizuka & M.Yamaz. ex Iizuka & K.Sugiy.
 Aspergillus salinarum (Greiner, Peršoh, Weig & Rambold) Zalar & Greiner
 Aspergillus salinicola Zalar, Sklenar, Visagie & Hubka
 Aspergillus salisburgensis Zalar, L.Martinelli & G.Piñar
 Aspergillus salviicola Udagawa, Kamiya & Tsub.
 Aspergillus salwaensis Visagie, Houbraken, Fotedar, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus savannensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus sclerogenus Dadal.
 Aspergillus sclerotialis (W.Gams & Breton) Houbraken, Tanney, Visagie & Samson
 Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius Noonim, Frisvad, Varga & Samson
 Aspergillus sclerotioniger Samson & Frisvad
 Aspergillus sclerotiorum G.A.Huber
 Aspergillus sepultus Tuthill & M.Chr.
 Aspergillus sergii P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, Venâncio & N.Lima
 Aspergillus serratalhadensis L.F.Oliveira, R.N.Barbosa, G.M.R.Albuq., Souza-Motta & Viana Marques
 Aspergillus sesamicola Visagie, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus shendaweii (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y.Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 暹罗曲霉 Aspergillus siamensis Manoch, Eamvijarn & Yaguchi
 Aspergillus silvaticus Fennell & Raper
 Aspergillus similanensis Dethoup
 相似曲霉 Aspergillus similis (Y.Horie, Udagawa, Abdullah & Al-Bader) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus sloanii Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 酱油曲霉 Aspergillus sojae Sakag. & K.Yamada ex Murak.
 Aspergillus solicola Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus sparsus Raper & Thom
 Aspergillus spathulatus Takada & Udagawa
 Aspergillus spectabilis M.Chr. & Raper
 Aspergillus spelaeus A.Nováková, Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus spelunceus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus spiculosus Blaser
 Aspergillus spinosus Kozak.
 Aspergillus spinulosporus Hubka, S.W.Peterson & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus spinulosus Warcup
 Aspergillus stella-maris Zalar, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus stellatus Curzi
 Aspergillus stellifer Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus stercorarius A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus steynii Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus stramenius R.O.Novak & Raper
 Aspergillus striatulus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus striatus J.N.Rai, J.P.Tewari & Mukerji
 Aspergillus stromatoides Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus subalbidus Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus subflavus Hubka, A.Nováková, Samson, Frisvad & Houbraken
 Aspergillus sublatus Y.Horie
 Aspergillus sublevisporus Someya, Yaguchi & Udagawa
 Aspergillus subnutans A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus subolivaceus Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus subramanianii Visagie, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus subsessilis Raper & Fennell
 Aspergillus subunguis Wadhwani, Dudeja & M.P.Srivast.
 Aspergillus subversicolor Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus sulphureoviridis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus sulphureus (Fresen.) Wehmer, 1901
 Aspergillus suttoniae J.P.Z.Siqueira, J.Gené, D.García & J.Guarro
 Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus taichungensis Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa
 Aspergillus takakii Y.Horie, Abliz & K.Fukush.
 Aspergillus taklimakanensis Abliz & Y.Horie
 Aspergillus tamarii Kita
 Aspergillus tamarindosoli A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus tanneri Kwon-Chung, Sugui & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus tapirirae C.Ram & A.Ram
 Aspergillus tardicrescens Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
 Aspergillus tardus Bissett & Widden
 Aspergillus tasmanicus Hubka, Kubátová, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus tatenoi Y.Horie, Miyaji, Koji Yokoy., Udagawa & Camp.-Takagi
 Aspergillus templicola Visagie, Hirooka & Samson
 Aspergillus tennesseensis Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus teporis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus terreus Thom
 Aspergillus terricola Marchal & É.J.Marchal
 Aspergillus testaceocolorans Novobr.
 Aspergillus texensis P.Singh, M.J.Orbach & P.J.Cotty
 泰国曲霉 Aspergillus thailandensis Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
 Aspergillus thesauricus Hubka & A.Nováková
 Aspergillus thomii G.Sm.
 Aspergillus togoensis (Henn.) Samson & Seifert
 Aspergillus tonophilus Ohtsuki
 Aspergillus transcarpathicus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus transmontanensis P.Rodrigues, S.W.Peterson, N.Lima & Venâncio
 Aspergillus trinidadensis Jurjević, G.Perrone & S.W.Peterson
 Aspergillus trisporus Souza, Pereira, Moreira & Batista
 Aspergillus tritici B.S.Mehrotra & M.Basu
 Aspergillus tsunodae (Yaguchi, Abliz & Y.Horie) Samson, Visagie & Houbraken
 Aspergillus tsurutae Y.Horie
 Aspergillus tuberculatus Z.T.Qi & Z.M.Sun
 Aspergillus tubingensis Mosseray
 Aspergillus tumidus J.P.Z.Siqueira, Gené, Dania García & Guarro
 Aspergillus turcosus S.B.Hong, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus turkensis Varga, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus udagawae Y.Horie, Miyaji & Nishim.
 Aspergillus umbrosus Bainier & Sartory
 Aspergillus undulatus H.Z.Kong & Z.T.Qi
 Aspergillus unguis (Émile-Weill & L.Gaudin) Thom & Raper
 Aspergillus unilateralis Thrower
 Aspergillus urmiensis Arzanlou, Houbraken & Samadi
 Aspergillus ustus (Bainier) Thom & Church
 Aspergillus uvarum G.Perrone, Varga & Kozak.
 Aspergillus vadensis Samson, R.P.de Vries, Frisvad & J.Visser
 Aspergillus vandermerwei Frisvad, Hubka, Samson & Houbraken
 Aspergillus varians Wehmer
 Aspergillus venenatus Jurjević, S.W.Peterson & B.W.Horn
 Aspergillus venezuelensis Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab.
 Aspergillus villosus Sklenar, S.W.Peterson & Hubka
 Aspergillus vinosobubalinus Udagawa, Kamiya & Kaori Osada
 Aspergillus violaceobrunneus Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus violaceofuscus Gasperini
 Aspergillus violaceus Fennell & Raper
 Aspergillus virens Link
 Aspergillus viridicatenatus A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus viridinutans Ducker & Thrower
 Aspergillus vitellinus (Ridl.) Samson & Seifert
 Aspergillus waksmanii Hubka, S.W.Peterson, Frisvad & M.Kolařík
 Aspergillus wangduanlii D.M.Li, Y.Horie, Yu X.Wang & R.Y.Li
 Aspergillus warcupii Samson & W.Gams
 Aspergillus waynelawii Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
 Aspergillus wentii Wehmer
 Aspergillus westerdijkiae Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus westlandensis Visagie, Varga, M.Meijer & Frisvad
 Aspergillus whitfieldii Tanney, Visagie & Seifert
 威斯康星曲霉 Aspergillus wisconsinensis A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson
 Aspergillus wyomingensis A.Nováková, Dudová & Hubka
 Aspergillus xerophilus Samson & Mouch.
 Aspergillus zhaoqingensis Z.T.Qi & Z.M.Sun
 Aspergillus zutongqii A.J.Chen, Frisvad & Samson

生長及分化

麴黴屬為不完全菌（尚未發現其有性態的真菌）的屬。然而，其中有些種類已發現其有性態，且其有性態被歸類為子囊菌門，所以，藉由DNA證據，麴黴屬被歸類於子囊菌門中。

該屬的成員皆具有能夠在高滲透壓環境中生長的能力，且該屬的物種都非常好氧，常常能在氧氣充足的環境下找到他們，並觀察到他們呈現菌絲型態。正常來說，其菌體喜歡生長在碳源豐富的基質，像單醣或多醣豐富的地方。麴黴屬常常為澱粉類食物（麵包、米、馬鈴薯……）的汙染源，也生長於許多植物及樹種上。

除了生長於營養豐富的基質上以外，麴黴屬中的許多物種皆可在營養缺乏或缺少關鍵養分的環境中進行寡營養生長。黑麴黴是最好的例子，往往可以在潮濕的牆壁上發現它的蹤影，為造成白粉病的主要菌種。

麴黴屬有時也可以在枕頭中發現大量的菌株。

商業上的重要性

麴黴屬在醫學上及商業上皆具重要性，有些種類亦可以感染人類及其他動物。有些種類為動物的感染源已被研究多年，而其他在動物體中發現的物種卻被視為對疾病的特定新物種，甚至還有一些為腐生菌。麴黴屬中超過60種的菌已被認為是醫學相關的病原菌種。對人類，許多造成感染，如外耳炎、皮膚病變、及潰瘍的菌種已被發現。

其他物種對商業上的微生物發酵非常重要。例如，相較於一般製酒法，清酒的製造過程還需要經過一步將澱粉分解為簡單糖類的程序。相較於一般常用來製酒的酵母屬，它可以分解結構較複雜的澱粉（酵母屬僅能分解簡單醣類，如葡萄糖）。因此，日本的清酒就需要將稻米經過米麴黴的處理。

該屬的成員也可以應用於醫學上以治療疾病。

黑麴黴最大的應用為製造檸檬酸，世界上99%的檸檬酸產量都是從它而來，每年約可生產140萬噸的檸檬酸。黑麴黴也常被用來製造酵素，包括葡萄糖氧化酶、溶菌酶及乳糖酶。而在上述的例子中，它很少被培養在固態基質上，比較常被培養為生物反應中的淹沒培養物，如此一來，我們便可以直接掌握參數，以達到最大生產量。這製程使分離酵素及醫療用的化學成分更為簡單，因次造成更大的經濟效益。

 研究 

小巢狀麴黴（異名構巢裸胞殼）已被拿來做研究許多年了，而也拿它來展示真菌的假有性生殖。最近，小巢狀麴黴的基因於博勞德研究所的實驗中被定序出來，為他們的創舉之一。到了2008年，有七個麴黴屬的物種被接續定序出來：具有工業價值的黑麴黴（兩個族系）、米麴黴、土麴黴, 和病原體棒麴黴、費雪氏麴黴、黃麴霉和煙麴黴（兩個族系）。費雪氏麴黴幾乎不會有病原的特性，但和與其相似的煙麴黴具有高度的相關性，為了更進一步的了解煙麴黴的病源特性而將他定序出來。

有性生殖
在麴黴屬的250個物種中，約有64%的菌種未發現其有性態。然而，當的許多物種似乎有著尚未被辨認的有性生殖階段。有性生殖在真菌中以兩種不同的方式呈現，分別為異交（異絲型真菌）兩個獨立個體各貢獻一個細胞核, 還有自體受精或自交（同絲型真菌）兩個細胞核皆由同一個個體貢獻。最近幾年，有性循環在許多當初被認定為無性的物種中被發現。這些發現反映出近期的實驗大多聚焦在和人類有關聯的物種上。

煙麴黴是最常見造成人類免疫缺失疾病的物種。在2009年，煙麴黴被展現出其功能完整的異絲型有性生殖循環。此有性循環需要藉由獨立出來的配對型來完成。

黃麴霉是廣泛於作物中產生致癌的黃麴毒素主要製造者。也有機會成為人體或動物的病源，於免疫功能不足的個體造成病害。在2009年，該異絲型真菌的有性生殖階段於適當的條件下被發現，當中出現不同的配對型結合。 

Aspergillus lentulus是一種有機會造成侵入性麴黴症的人體病源，該疾病的死亡率甚高。在2003年，Aspergillus lentulus被發現有異絲型、具有功能的有性配種構造。

土麴黴常被應用於工業以製造重要的有機酸和酵素，並且是製造降膽固醇藥物最初的重要來源。在2013年，土麴黴被發現在適當的培養條件下有能力產生不同的配對型，進行有性繁殖。

這些有關麴黴屬物種的發現正隨著證據（從其他真核生物的研究中，有性生殖是所有真核生物最有可能的形式）的累積而持續中。

小巢狀麴黴是一種同絲型真菌，有能力自體繁殖，自交牽扯到與異交物種同樣的配對特性的激活，也就是說自體繁殖並沒有省略異交必要的途徑，而是需要在單一個體中激活這些途徑。

在這些麴黴屬物種的有性循環中，同絲型（自體繁殖）在自然界中以壓到性的比例存在。這個觀察支持了麴黴屬的物種大多得以在較少的基因多樣性條件下仍然保有其性生殖的是因為其同絲型字體繁殖的關係」的說法。煙麴黴，一個廣泛存在於各種氣候及環境中的異絲型（異交）真菌，同時也展現出微小的基因多樣性，無論地理區域或世界規模，這個例子一樣可以支持在微小的基因差異下仍可維持有性態，而這次是異交。

 基因體學 
在2005年，《自然》期刊上同時發表的三份麴黴屬的基因序列，使該屬被認定為是在比較基因體的研究上最為重要的絲狀真菌屬。像大部分的主要基因體計畫，這些成就是由一個巨大的定序中心以及個別的科學家團體合作而來的。例如，基因研究機構（TIGR）和煙麴黴研究團體合作。小巢狀麴黴在此大機構中被定序出來。米麴黴在日本的先進工業科學及科技國家研究機構中被定序出來。能量部門的基因體聯合機構發布了檸檬酸產酸菌株黑麴黴的基因序列庫。TIGR 現在被改稱為, 目前在領導一項黃麴霉基因序的研究計畫。

麴黴屬被定序的基因體大小分布大約從煙麴黴的29.3 Mb到米麴黴的37.1 Mb，然而v本來被預估有9926Mb，而米麴黴本來被預估有12,071Mb。至於產酶菌株黑麴黴的基因體大小為33.9 Mb，介於兩者之間。

致病菌
有些麴黴屬的物種造成人體及動物疾病。最常見的病原菌是煙麴黴和黃麴霉，他們製造黃麴毒素（是毒素亦是致癌物，並可汙染如堅果類的食物）。最常見造成過敏反應的物種是煙麴黴和棒麴黴。其他物種在農業病害非常重要，Aspergillus spp. 造成許多穀物的疾病（尤其玉米），還有些變種能製造黴菌毒素，其中包含黃麴毒素。還有一些會導致新生兒疾病。

煙麴黴（最常見的物種）造成的感染主要是肺部的感染，並且有可能由肺吲發炎造成快速的細胞壞死，也有傳播的可能性。這物種可和其他黴菌感染區別，基於它無論在環境還是宿主都是以菌絲態存在。（不像白色念珠菌為二型性，在環境為菌絲態而在宿主為酵母態）

 麴黴症 

是由麴黴屬造成的疾病. 與常見的鼻竇炎相關的物種為煙麴黴。此症狀包含發燒、咳嗽、胸腔疼痛、或呼吸困難，和其他疾病的症狀類似，所以不好診斷出來。通常只有在患者的免疫系統功能低落或受到其他肺部感染的人容易染上這些菌。

在人體，主要的疾病形式有：Wilson WR et al. Current diagnosis and treatment in Infect Dis. Lange, 2001
 呼吸道過敏性麴黴症：造成病人呼吸道疾病，如哮喘、囊性纖維化、及鼻竇炎 
 急性侵入性麴黴症：一個長進周遭組織的形式，通常發生於免疫功能低下的人身上，如 AIDS或化療患者
 傳播性侵入性麴黴症：一種能擴散至全身的感染
 麴黴球：一種可以在腔室中(如肺)形成的「真菌球」

在空氣中麴黴症的傳染途徑也常常經由鳥類，而許多麴黴屬的物種也被發現能感染昆蟲。

参考资料

 
 
 

外部链接

FungiDB: An integrated functional genomics database for fungi and oomycetes  
 Aspergillus Genome Resources (NIH) 
 Aspergillus Comparative Database  Comparative genomic resource at the Broad Institute
 Central Aspergillus Data Repository 
 The Fungal Genetics Stock Center 
 The Aspergillus/Aspergillosis Website  An encyclopedia of Aspergillus'' for patients, doctors and scientists
 Aspergillus surveillance project at a large tertiary-care hospital. (PDF).
 The Aspergillus Genome Database 

 
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