胡瓦会堂

胡瓦会堂（，Beit ha-Knesset ha-Hurba）是位于耶路撒冷旧城犹太区的一座古老的犹太会堂，是阿什肯纳兹犹太人的犹太会堂。

胡瓦会堂创建于18世纪初，但数年后，在1721年被穆斯林摧毁。此后140年间成为废墟（Hurva）。1864年，法利賽人在此重建了犹太会堂。在1948年第一次中东战争期间，这座犹太会堂被阿拉伯人夷为平地。1967年以色列占领旧城后，曾提交了数项兴建新建筑的计划。经过多年的讨论，1977年建起了一座纪念拱门，成为犹太区的突出地标。以色列政府在2000年决定按原貌重建这座犹太会堂，2010年3月15日建成。

脚注

参考文献 

Books
 Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua. Jerusalem in the Nineteenth Century, The Old City, St. Martin's Press, 1985. 
 Blumberg, Arnold & Finn, James and Elizabeth Anne. A View from Jerusalem, 1849-1858, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1981. 
 Collins, Larry & Lapierre, Dominique. O Jerusalem!, Pan Books, 1973.  
 Finn, James. Stirring Times, Adamant Media Corporation, 2004. 
 Gilbert, Martin. Jerusalem, Rebirth of a City, Chatto & Windus, 1985. 
 Gilbert, Martin. Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century, Chatto & Windus, 1996. 
 Horovitz, Ahron. Jerusalem, Footsteps Through Time, Feldheim, 2000. 
 Jeffers, H. Paul. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Jerusalem, Alpha Books, 2004. 
 Millgram, Abraham Ezra. Jerusalem Curiosities, Jewish Publication Society, 1990. 
 Morgenstern, Arie. Hastening Redemption, Oxford University Press, 2006. 
 Rabinovich, Itamar & Reinharz, Jehuda. Israel in the Middle East, UPNE, 2008. 
 Ricca, Simone. Reinventing Jerusalem, Profile Books, 2001. 
 Safdie, Moshe. Jerusalem: The Future of the Past, Houghton Mifflin, 1989. 
 Wasserstein, Bernard. Divided Jerusalem, I.B.Tauris, 2007. 
Newspapers and magazines (online edition)
 Green, David. "From the ruins: A master architect's attempt to rebuild on sacred ground" , Boston Globe, February 29, 2004. Accessed 2007-07-25
 Lefkovits, Etgar. "Hurva Synagogue restoration nears completion", Jerusalem Post, March 28, 2008. Accessed 2008-10-25
 Lis, Jonathan. "Ruined synagogue to get new arch", Haaretz, Undated. Accessed 2008-10-25
 Rigler, Sara Yoheved. "Destroying Synagogues Again" , Aish.com, September 13, 2005. Accessed 2008-11-02
 Rossoff, Dovid. "The Churva Synagogue" , Jewish Magazine, December 1997. Accessed 2008-10-25
 Shragai, Nadav. "Out of the ruins" , Haaretz, December 20, 2005. Accessed 2007-01-08
 Shragai, Nadav. "Byzantine arch found at site of renovated Jerusalem synagogue" , Haaretz, November 28, 2006. Accessed 2007-07-25
 Shragai, Nadav.  "The first official victim of terror" , Haaretz, May 5, 2008. Accessed 2008-08-11

外部链接 

 The Hurva Synagogue - Company for the Reconstruction and Development of the Jewish Quarter 
 The Hurva Synagogue excavation, July-August 2003 - Israel Antiquities Authority
 Proposed design and site documentation drawings for the Hurva by Louis Khan  - Philadelphia Architects and Buildings

耶路撒冷犹太会堂