通用表意文字

通用表意文字（拉丁语术语为characteristica universalis；英语当中常解释为 universal characteristic 或 universal character；中文之中又常常称为普遍表意文字、普遍语言、通用语言、普适语言以及普适科学语言等），是德国哲学家戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨所设想的一种通用的形式化语言；该语言能够表达数学、科学以及形而上学（纯粹哲学）方面的概念。莱布尼茨希望创建的是一种可以在通用逻辑运算或者说框架之下加以使用的语言。

參考文獻

On Leibniz's lifelong interest in the characteristica and the like, see the following texts in Loemker (1969): 165–66, 192–95, 221–28, 248–50, and 654–66. On the characteristica, see Rutherford (1995) and the still-classic discussion in Couturat (1901: chpts. 3,4). Also relevant to the characteristica is Mates's (1986: 183–88) discussion of what he called the lingua philosophica.

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 Bulcsu P. G., 1986, "Formalization of the Iconic Language for Structured Analysis and Symbolic Logic," [A STRUKTURALT ANALIZIS (SA) IKONIKUS NYELVENEK FORMALIZALASA ES A SZIMBOLIKUS LOGIKA.] Meres es Automatika 34: 315–22.
 Rudolf Carnap, 1958. Introduction to Symbolic Logic with Applications. Dover.
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 Cevolatti, D., and Maud, S., 2004, "Realising the Enlightenment: H. T. Odum's Energy Systems Language qua G. W. v. Leibniz's Characteristica Universalis", Ecological Modelling 178: 279–92.
 Cohen, C. Jonathan., 1954, "On the project of a universal character," Mind (New Series) 63: 249.
Louis Couturat, 1901. La Logique de Leibniz. Paris: Felix Alcan. Donald Rutherford's English translation in progress.
 Louis Couturat, O. Jespersen, R. Lorenz, Wilhelm Ostwald and L.Pfaundler 1910, International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science", Constable and Company Limited, London.
 Dascal, M., 1987. Leibniz: Language, Signs and Thought, A Collection of Essays. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
 Martin Davis, 2001. Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer. W W Norton.
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 —, and Mary Morris, trans., 1973. Leibniz: Philosophical Writings. London: J M Dent.
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 –, 1955. Unified symbolism for world understanding in science: Including Bliss symbols (semantography) and logic, cybernetics and semantics, Semantography Pub. Co.
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 Hartley Rogers, Jr., 1963, "An Example in Mathematical Logic," The American Mathematical Monthly 70: 929–45.
 Rutherford, Donald, 1995, "Philosophy and language" in Jolley, N., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz. Cambridge Univ. Press.
 Patrick Suppes, 1999 (1957). Introduction to Logic. Dover.
 Jean van Heijenoort, 1967, "Logic as calculus and logic as language," Synthese 17: 324–330. Reprinted in Hintikka (1997).
 Wiener, Philip P., 1940, "Leibniz's Project of a Public Exhibition of Scientific Inventions," Journal of the History of Ideas 1: 232–240.
 Woodger, Joseph H., 1937, The axiomatic method in biology, Cambridge University Press.
 Yen, D.C., Huang, S.-M., Ku, C.-Y. 2002, The impact and implementation of XML on business-to-business commerce, Computer Standards and Interfaces 24: 347–62.

外部連結
Corazzon, Raul, 2010, "Language as Calculus vs. Language as Universal Medium ". Includes bibliography, links to online papers, and passages from the writings of Jaakko Hintikka and Jean van Heijenoort.
 Rotha, Paul, 1946, "From Hieroglyphs to Isotypes ".
Smith, Barry, 1978, "" Grazer Philosophische Studien 6: 39–62.
—, 1990, "" in K. Mulligan, ed., Language, Truth and Ontology'', (Philosophical Studies Series). Kluwer: 50–81.

戈特弗里德·萊布尼茨
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