奎隆

{{Infobox settlement
| name = 奎隆
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = ml
| other_name = Quilon  Coulão
| settlement_type = Metropolis
| image_skyline = Kollam Collage.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = 从上顺时针：RP Mall in Downtown Kollam, Lighthouse in Tangasseri, British Residency in Asramam, Kollam Junction railway station and Kollam MEMU Shed, Aerial view of Ashtamudi Lake, Kollam Port, Asramam Adventure Park, Jalakeli Kendram near Kollam Beach
| etymology = Black pepper: kola ("black pepper")
| nickname = Prince of Arabian sea<br/ >Cashew Capital of the World
| image_map = Location map India Kollam EN.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_alt =
| map_caption = 奎隆市在的位置
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = 奎隆在喀拉拉邦的位置
| coordinates      = 
| subdivision_type = 國家
| subdivision_name = 
| subdivision_type1 = 地區
| subdivision_name1 = 南印度
| subdivision_type2 = 邦
| subdivision_name2 = 喀拉拉邦
| subdivision_type3 = 縣
| subdivision_name3 = 果拉姆縣
| subdivision_type4 = 曾用名
| subdivision_name4 = Quilon, Coulão
| subdivision_type5 = 本地語言
| subdivision_name5 = 马拉雅拉姆语
| established_title = 建立
| established_date = 1099
| founder = Rama Varma Kulashekhara
| parts_style                = para
| parts                      = 7 Zones
| p1                         = Central Zone-1
| p2                         = Central Zone-2
| p3                         = Eravipuram
| p4                         = Vadakkevila
| p5                         = Sakthikulangara
| p6                         = Kilikollur
| p7                         = Thrikkadavoor
| leader_party = CPI(M)
| government_type = Mayor–Council
| governing_body = Kollam Municipal Corporation
| leader_title = 市長
| leader_name = V. Rajendrababu
| leader_title1 = City council
| leader_name1 = 
| leader_title2 = MP
| leader_name2 = N.K Premachandran
| leader_title3 = City Police Commissioner
| leader_name3 =  Merin Joseph IPS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 5 (only Corporation area)
| area_total_km2 = 73.03
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 3
| population_total = 397,419
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 4 (49th IN)
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 1351000
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Kollamite, Kollathukaaran, Kollamkaran
| demographics_type1 = 語言
| demographics1_title1 = 官方
| demographics1_info1 = MalayalamEnglish
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 691 XXX
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = Kollam-91-474
| registration_plate = Kollam: KL-02| blank2_name_sec2 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec2 = 91.18%
| website = 
| blank_name_sec2           = HDI
| blank_info_sec2           = High
| blank3_name_sec2 = UN/LOCODE
| blank3_info_sec2 = IN QUI<br/ >IN KUK| footnotes =
}}奎隆（，，或者，，中国古代称“故临”、“俱兰”）位于印度西南拉克代夫海海岸，现为印度喀拉拉邦奎隆縣城鎮和行政中心，南距邦首府特里凡得琅71公里。该城市以腰果加工和棕榈编制而闻名。也是旅游胜地。古代，这里是中国与阿拉伯地区之间交通的重要中转站。

宋代周去非在《岭外代答》称为故临国：“故臨國與大食國相邇，廣舶四十日到藍里住冬，次年再發舶，約一月始達。其國人黑色，身纒白布，鬚髮伸直，露頭撮髻，穿紅皮履，如畫羅漢腳踏者。好事弓箭，遇鬭戰敵時。以綵纈纒髻。國王身纒布，出入以布作軟兜，或乘象。國人好奉事佛。其國有大食國蕃客，寄居甚多。每洗浴畢，用鬱金塗身，欲象佛之金身也。監篦國遞年販象、牛，大食販馬，前來此國貨賣。國王事天尊牛，殺之償死。中國舶商欲往大食，必自故臨易小舟而往，雖以一月南風至之，然往返經二年矣。” 

《宋史》作古林。

宋代赵汝适在《诸番志》称为故临国：“故临国自南毗舟行，顺风五日可到，泉舶四十余日到蓝里住冬，至次年再发，一月始达。土俗大率与南毗无异。土产椰子、苏木，酒用蜜糖和椰子花汁酝成。好事弓箭，战斗临敌以彩缬缠髻。交易用金银钱，以银钱十二准金钱之一。地暖无寒。每岁自三佛齐、监篦、吉陀等国发船，博易用货亦与南毗同。大食人多寓其国中。每浴毕，用郁金涂体，盖欲仿佛之金身。”

《元史》作俱蓝，呗喃，阁蓝

明代马欢在《瀛涯胜览》称为小葛兰国：“自锡兰国马头别罗里开船，往西北，好风行六昼夜，到小葛兰国。其国边海，东连大山，西是大海，国王、国人皆锁俚人氏，崇信佛教，尊敬象、牛，婚丧等事与锡兰国同。土产苏木，胡椒不多。其果菜之类皆有。牛羊颇异，羊青毛，脚高二三尺，黄牛有三四百斤者。人日食二餐，皆用苏油拌饭而食。而市使金钱，虽系小邦，王亦将方物差人进贡。”
《南州异物志》作歌营，《云麓漫钞》作嘉令麻辣。

《明史》稱小葛蘭於永樂五年遣使附古裡、蘇門答剌入貢；該地土地收穫不佳，依賴榜葛剌供應。鄭和曾經到達，入貢的貢品有珍珠傘、白棉布、胡椒。

《明史》另還記載大葛兰'''，「波涛湍悍，舟不可泊，故商人罕至。土黑坟，本宜谷麦，民懒事耕作，岁赖乌爹之米以足食。风俗、物产，多类小葛兰」。
《明实录》作小葛兰，《瀛崖胜览》，《星槎胜览》，《郑和航海图》作小葛兰，《顺风相送》作小俱南。

參考文獻

延伸阅读 
  陈佳荣，谢方，陆俊玲 《古代南海地名》 中华书局 1986年版244  页 古林条

喀拉拉邦城镇
奎隆历史
果拉姆县