勞勃·阿特曼

勞勃·阿特曼（，）是一位美國電影及電視導演，曾經5次入圍奧斯卡最佳導演獎，於2006年獲得奧斯卡榮譽獎。他也是目前唯三在國際三大影展獲得大滿貫的導演之一（剩下的分別為米開朗基羅·安東尼奧尼及亨利-喬治·克魯佐。）知名的作品包括《風流軍醫俏護士》與《納許維爾》。

阿特曼執導風格獨特，多用自然主義手法，在多部電影都不跟劇本叫演員自發演出，亦時常在一個角色未完成對白時已讓另一個角色開始說話。莉莉·湯姆琳及梅麗·史翠普在第78屆奧斯卡金像獎上，頒奧斯卡榮譽獎給阿特曼時的介紹詞即用了此手法。

作品

電影 
 Honeymoon for Harriet (1949) (short industrial film, International Harvester)
 Modern Football (1951) (short industrial film, Official Sports Film Service)
 The Dirty Look (1951) (short industrial film, Gulf Oil)
 King Basketball (1952) (short industrial film, Official Sports Film Service)
 The Last Mile (1952) (short industrial film, Caterpillar Tractor Company)
 The Sound of Bells (1952) (short industrial film, Goodrich Corporation)
 Modern Baseball (1953) (short industrial film, Official Sports Film Service)
 The Builders (1954) (short industrial film, Wire Reinforcement Institute)
 Better Football (1954) (short industrial film, Official Sports Film Service)
 The Perfect Crime (1954) (short industrial film, Caterpillar Tractor Company)
 The Magic Bond (1955) (short industrial film, Veterans of Foreign Wars) 
 The Delinquents (1957) 
《占士甸傳》 The James Dean Story (1957) (documentary) (co-dir: George W. George)
 The Katherine Reed Story (1965) (short documentary)
 Pot au feu (1965) (short)
 Girl Talk (1966) (ColorSonics short) 
 The Party (1966) (ColorSonics short)
 Speak Low (1966) (ColorSonics short) 
 Ebb Tide (1966) (ColorSonics short) 
《太陽神登月先鋒》 Countdown (1968)
《落花有意》 That Cold Day in the Park (1969)
《風流軍醫俏護士》（MASH，1970）
 提名奧斯卡最佳導演獎 （得獎者：法蘭克林·沙夫納 《巴頓將軍》）
 提名英國電影學院獎最佳導演
 提名金球獎最佳導演
《空中怪客》 Brewster McCloud (1970)
《花村/江湖豪客俏佳人》（McCabe & Mrs. Miller） (1971)
 Images (1972)
《撲朔迷離》 The Long Goodbye (1973)
《江洋大盜》 Thieves Like Us (1974)
《爛賭仔與小老千》 California Split (1974)
《普世歡騰樂滿城》（Nashville） (1975)
 提名奧斯卡最佳導演獎 
 提名奧斯卡最佳影片獎
 提名金球獎最佳導演
《西塞英雄譜》Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson (1976)
《三女性》 3 Women (1977)
《婚禮/良辰吉日》（A Wedding） (1978)
 提名英國電影學院獎最佳導演
 提名英國電影學院獎最佳劇本
《五面受敵》 Quintet (1979)
《天生一對》 A Perfect Couple (1979)
《選舉風雲》 HealtH (1980)
《大力水手》 Popeye (1980)
《偶像的失落》 Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (1982)
《出師未捷身先死》 Streamers (1983)
 Secret Honor (1984)
 O.C. & Stiggs (1984) (released in 1987)
《錫晒你》 Fool for Love (1985)
《盲目錫哂你》 Beyond Therapy (1987)
《菩薩蠻 / 末世風情畫》 Aria (1987) - segment: Les Boréades
《梵谷與我/梵高與提奧》 Vincent and Theo (1990)
《幕後玩家》The Player (1992)
 英國電影學院獎最佳導演
 提名奧斯卡最佳導演獎 
 提名英國電影學院獎最佳影片
 提名金球獎最佳導演
《銀色·性·男女》（Short Cuts） (1993)
 提名奧斯卡最佳導演獎 
 提名金球獎最佳劇本
《雲裳風暴》Prêt-à-Porter，英文譯名Ready to Wear (1994)
《肯薩斯的最後一夜》（Kansas City，1996）
《迷色佈局》 The Gingerbread Man (1998)
《藏錯屍體殺錯人/玩謝嫌疑犯》（Cookie's Fortune） (1999)
《醫盡女人心》（Dr. T & the Women） (2000)
《高斯福大宅謀殺案》（Gosford Park） (2001)
 英國電影學院獎最佳影片
 金球獎最佳導演
 提名奧斯卡最佳導演獎 
 提名奧斯卡最佳影片獎
 提名英國電影學院獎最佳導演
《浮生若舞》The Company (2003)
《在晴朗的一天收檔》A Prairie Home Companion (2006)，又名The Last Show

電視

電視電影及短劇 
 Nightmare in Chicago (1964) [previously "Once Upon a Savage Night" in Kraft Suspense Theater]
 Precious Blood (1982) - TV-Movie written by Frank South
 Rattlesnake in a Cooler (1982) - TV-Movie written by Frank South
 Secret Honor (1984)
 The Laundromat (1985) (60 min.)
 Basements (1987) - two one-act plays by Harold Pinter: The Dumb Waiter and The Room (the former was released to video as its own feature by Prism Entertainment)
 Tanner '88 (1988) - six hour mini-series for HBO
 The Caine Mutiny Court Martial (1988) - TV-Movie based on the play by Herman Wouk
 Vincent & Theo (1990) - British Mini-series in 4 parts, later released in edited form worldwide as feature film.
 McTeague (1992) - an opera for PBS
 The Real McTeague (1993) - making of "McTeague", also for PBS
 Black and Blue (1993) - an Emmy nominated filmed play which aired on PBS' "Great Performances"
 Robert Altman's Jazz '34 (1996) - PBS special about the music from Kansas City
 Tanner on Tanner (2004) - two hour mini-series for the Sundance Channel, a follow-up to Tanner '88

電視劇集 
 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1957–58)
 ep. 3-9: "The Young One"  (air-date December 1, 1957)
 ep. 3-15: "Together"  (a.d. January 12, 1958)
 M Squad (1958) ep. 1-21: "Lover's Lane Killing" (a.d. February 14, 1958)
 The Millionaire aka If You Had A Million (1958–59)
 directed by Altman
 ep #148 / 5-14: "Pete Hopper: Afraid of the Dark" (a.d. December 10, 1958)
 ep #162 / 5-28: "Henry Banning: The Show Off" (a.d. April 1, 1959)
 ep #185 / 6-14: "Jackson Greene: The Beatnik" (a.d. December 22, 1959)
 written by Altman
 ep #160 / 5-26: "Alicia Osante: Beauty and the Sailor" (a.d. March 18, 1959)
 ep #174 / 6-3: "Lorraine Dagget: The Beach Story" [story] (a.d. September 29, 1959)
 ep #183 / 6-12: "Andrew C. Cooley: Andy and Clara" (a.d. December 8, 1959)
 Whirlybirds (1958–59)
 ep. #71 / 2-32: "The Midnight Show" (a.d. December 8, 1958)
 ep. #79 / 3-1: "Guilty of Old Age" (a.d. April 13, 1959)
 ep. #80 / 3-2: "A Matter of Trust" (a.d. April 6, 1959)
 ep. #81 / 3-3: "Christmas in June" (a.d. April 20, 1959)
 ep. #82 / 3-4: "Til Death Do Us Part" (unknown air-date, probably April 27, 1959)
 ep. #83 / 3-5: "Time Limit" (a.d. May 4, 1959)
 ep. #84 / 3-6: "Experiment X-74" (a.d. May 11, 1959)
 ep. #87 / 3-9: "The Challenge" (a.d. June 1, 1959)
 ep. #88 / 3-10: "The Big Lie" (a.d. June 8, 1959)
 ep. #91 / 3-13: "The Perfect Crime" (a.d. June 29, 1959)
 ep. #92 / 3-14: "The Unknown Soldier" (a.d. July 6, 1959)
 ep. #93 / 3-15: "Two of a Kind" (a.d. July 13, 1959)
 ep. #94 / 3-16: "In Ways Mysterious" (a.d. July 20, 1959)
 ep. #97 / 3-19: "The Black Maria" (a.d. August 10, 1959)
 ep. #98 / 3-20: "The Sitting Duck" (a.d. August 17, 1959)

 ep. 4-17: "The Triple Cross"
 ep. 4-23: "Shortcut to Hell"
 ep. 4-25: "R.I.P." (a.d. June 6, 1959)
 uncertain; some sources cite Altman on these episodes; no known source cites anybody else
 ep. 4-18: "The Third Miracle"
 ep. 4-31: "Kill or Be Killed"
 ep. 4-32: "Backfire"
 ep. "Tapes For Murder"
 ep. "Special Delivery"
 ep. "Paper Bullets"
 ep. "Tarnished Star"
 Troubleshooters (1959) (13 episodes)
 Hawaiian Eye (1959) ep. 8: "Three Tickets to Lani" (a.d. November 25, 1959)
 Sugarfoot (1959–60)
 ep. #47 / 3-7: "Apollo With A Gun" (a.d. December 8, 1959)
 ep. #50 / 3-10: "The Highbinder" (a.d. January 19, 1960)
 Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse (1960)
 ep. "The Sound of Murder" (a.d. January 1, 1960)
 ep. "Death of a Dream"
 The Gale Storm Show aka Oh! Susanna (1960) ep. #125 / 4-25: "It's Magic" (a.d. March 17, 1960)
 Bronco (1960) ep #41 / 3-1: "The Mustangers" (a.d. October 17, 1960)
 Maverick (1960) ep. #90: "Bolt From the Blue" (a.d. November 27, 1960)
 The Roaring '20s (1960–61)
 ep. 1-5: "The Prairie Flower" (a.d. November 12, 1960)
 ep. 1-6: "Brother's Keeper" (a.d. November 19, 1960)
 ep. 1-8: "White Carnation" (a.d. December 3, 1960)
 ep. 1-12: "Dance Marathon" (a.d. January 14, 1961)
 ep. 1-15: "Two a Day" (a.d. February 4, 1961)
 ep. 1-28&29: "Right Off the Boat" Parts 1 & 2 (a.d. May 13/20, 1961)
 ep. 1-31: "Royal Tour" (a.d. June 3, 1961)
 ep. 2-4: "Standing Room Only" (a.d. October 28, 1961)
 Bonanza (1960–61)
 ep. 2-13: "Silent Thunder" (a.d. December 10, 1960)
 ep. 2-19: "Bank Run" (a.d. January 28, 1961)
 ep. 2-25: "The Duke" (a.d. March 11, 1961)
 ep. 2-28: "The Rival" (a.d. April 15, 1961)
 ep. 2-31: "The Secret" (a.d. May 6, 1961)
 ep. 2-32 "The Dream Riders" (a.d. May 20, 1961)
 ep. 2-34: "Sam Hill" (a.d. June 3, 1961)
 ep. 3-7: "The Many Faces of Gideon Finch" (a.d. November 5, 1961)
 Lawman (1961) ep. #92 / 3-16: "The Robbery" (a.d. January 1, 1961)
 Surfside 6 (1961) ep. 1-18: "Thieves Among Honor" (a.d. Jan 30, 1961)
 Peter Gunn (1958) ep. 3-28: "The Murder Bond" (a.d. April 24, 1961)
 Bus Stop (1961–62)
 ep. 4: "The Covering Darkness" (a.d. October 22, 1961)
 ep. 5: "Portrait of a Hero" (a.d. October 29, 1961)
 ep. 8: "Accessory By Consent" (a.d. November 19, 1961)
 ep. 10: "A Lion Walks Among Us" (a.d. December 3, 1961)
 ep. 12: "... And the Pursuit of Evil" (a.d. December 17, 1961)
 ep. 15: "Summer Lightning" (a.d. January 7, 1962)
 ep. 23: "Door Without a Key" (a.d. March 4, 1962)
 ep. 25: "County General" [possibly failed pilot] (a.d. March 18, 1962)
 Route 66 (1961)
 ep. #40/2-10: "Some of the People, Some of the Time' (a.d. December 1, 61)
 ep. 3-17: "A Gift For A Warrior" (a.d. January 18, 1963) - often incorrectly cited, Altman did not direct this
 The Gallant Men (1962) pilot: "Battle Zone" (a.d. October 5, 1962)
 Combat! (1962–63)
 ep. 1-1: "Forgotten Front" (a.d. October 2, 1962)
 ep. 1-2: "Rear Echelon Commandos" (a.d. October 9, 1962)
 ep. 1-4: "Any Second Now" (a.d. October 23, 1962)
 ep. 1-7: "Escape to Nowhere" (a.d. December 20, 1962)
 ep. 1-9: "Cat and Mouse" (a.d. December 4, 1962)
 ep. 1-10: "I Swear By Apollo" (a.d. December 11, 1962)
 ep. 1-12: "The Prisoner" (a.d. December 25, 1962)
 ep. 1-16: "The Volunteer" (a.d. January 22, 1963)
 ep. 1-20: "Off Limits" (a.d. February 19, 1963)
 ep. 1-23: "Survival" (a.d. March 12, 1963)
 Kraft Suspense Theatre (1963)
 ep 1-8: "The Long Lost Life of Edward Smalley" (also writer) (a.d. December 12, 1963)
 ep 1-9: "The Hunt" (also writer) (a.d. December 19, 1963)
 ep 1-21: "Once Upon a Savage Night"
 released as TV-Movie Nightmare in Chicago in 1964
 The Long Hot Summer (1965) pilot
 Nightwatch (1968) pilot: "The Suitcase"
 Premiere (1968) ep. "Walk in the Sky" (a.d. July 15 1968)
 Saturday Night Live (1977) ep. #39 / 2-16 "h: Sissy Spacek", seg. "Sissy's Roles" (a.d. March 12, 1977)
 Gun (aka Robert Altman's Gun) (1997) ep. 4: "All the President's Women" (a.d. May 10 1997)
 this episode, along with another, was released on DVD as Gun: Fatal Betrayal; subsequently, the entire six-episode series was released

參考

延伸阅读 
 
 The director's commentary on the McCabe & Mrs. Miller DVD, while focusing on that film, also to some degree covers Altman's general methodology as a director.
 Judith M. Kass. Robert Altman: American Innovator early (1978) assessment of the director's work and his interest in gambling. Part of Leonard Maltin's Popular Library filmmaker series.
 The English band Maxïmo Park have a song named "Robert Altman", a b-side to their single "Our Velocity"
 The Criterion Collection has released several of Altman's films on DVD (Short Cuts, 3 Women, Tanner '88, Secret Honor) which include audio commentary and video interviews with him that shed light on his directing style.
 Charles Warren, "Cavell, Altman and Cassavetes" in the Stanley Cavell special issue, Jeffey Crouse (ed.), Film International, Issue 22, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2006, pp. 14–20.
 Rick Armstrong, "Robert Altman: Critical Essays" Actors, historians, film scholars, and cultural theorists reflect on Altman and his five-decade career...(McFarland, February 18, 2011)
 Mitchell Zuckoff, Robert Altman: The Oral Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. 
 Description and details on the Short Cuts Soundtrack for more in-depth information about this title.
 Helene Keyssar, Robert Altman's America. Oxford, 1991

外部連結
 
 
 
 Robert Altman bibliography ，來自柏克萊加州大學媒體資源中心

美國導演
奥斯卡终身成就奖获得者
金球獎最佳導演獲得者
英國電影學院獎最佳導演得主
柏林影展獲獎者
坎城影展獲獎者
威尼斯影展獲獎者
艾美獎獲獎者
密苏里州人
美国罹患白血病逝世者
美国男性编剧
加利福尼亞州癌症逝世者
金狮奖获奖导演
第二次世界大战美国陆军人员
独立精神奖最佳导演