福鈞

福鈞（英语：，），蘇格蘭植物学家，受雇于东印度公司，他曾在中國偷走了茶植株。

福鈞出生於贝里克郡。最早受雇於愛丁堡皇家植物園，稍後轉至英國皇家園藝學會在奇西克的植物園，因1842年南京條約他被派至中國從事植物採集。

由於其旅程，導致歐洲引進許多漂亮花卉，但是在稍後擔任大不列顛東印度公司在中國的三年採集行程，他剃頭偽裝成中國人，偷偷引進了2萬株茶樹至印度的大吉嶺。由於他個人的努力，在印度及錫蘭引進的茶工業，結束了一直為中國茶壟斷的茶市場。他是歐洲人裡第一位發現不同茶種，如紅茶、綠茶其實是由同一種茶依據有無發酵工序所製成的不同種類。

他後來也曾造訪日本，並描述養蠶及種稻。他引進多種樹木花卉至西方世界，包括金柑、a climbing double yellow rose ('Fortune's Double Yellow' (syn. Gold of Ophir),在英國栽培失敗) 及其他多種植物之不同品種，如芍藥、映山红及菊花。在1850年他所帶回的一種白色薔薇，當時被認為是Rosa laevigata及R. banksiae的自然雜交種，學名被冠上福鈞以資紀念。這種薔薇在英國亦無法栽培，但卻成為澳洲及美國南部重要的。

以福鈞命名的植物

Arundinaria fortunei
Cephalotaxus fortunei
Cyrtomium fortunei
Euonymus fortunei
Hosta fortunei
Keteleeria fortunei
Mahonia fortunei

Maxburretia fortunei
Osmanthus fortunei
Paulownia fortunei
Pleioblastus fortunei
Rhododendron fortunei
Rosa fortuniana
Trachycarpus fortunei

著作

 Three Years' Wandering in the Northern Provinces of China, A Visit to the Tea, Silk, and Cotton Countries, with an account of the Agriculture and Horticulture of the Chinese, New Plants, etc.  (1847, John Murray)
 A Journey To The Tea Countries Of China; Including Sung-Lo And The Bohea Hills; With A Short Notice Of The East India Company's Tea Plantations In The Himalaya Mountains. (1852, John Murray)
 Two visits to the tea countries of China and the British tea plantations in the Himalaya: with a narrative of adventures, and a full description of the culture of the tea plant, the agriculture, horticulture, and botany of China (1853, John Murray; LCCN 04-32957; National Library: CAT10983833)
 A Residence Among the Chinese; Inland, On the Coast and at Sea; being a Narrative of Scenes and Adventures During a Third Visit to China from 1853 to 1856, including Notices of Many Natural Productions and Works of Art, the Culture of Silk, &c. (1857, John Murray)
 Yedo and Peking; A Narrative of a Journey to the Capitals of Japan and China, with Notices of the Natural Productions, Agriculture, Horticulture and Trade of those Countries and Other Things Met with By the Way (1863, John Murray)

注释

參考文獻

莎拉·羅斯（Sarah Rose）《植物獵人的茶盜之旅：改變中英帝國財富版圖的茶葉貿易史》（For All the Tea in China: How England Stole the World’s Favorite Drink and Changed History）
 How Robert Fortune found out about the secret of Chinese tea around 1840.

自傳
 For All the Tea in China: How England Stole the World's Favorite Drink and Changed History. By Sarah Rose. Viking: 2010. 
 Robert Fortune, A Plant Hunter in the Orient. By Alistair Watt. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 2017.

外部連結

 Plant Explorers: Robert Fortune (1812-80) 
 Dreijährige Wanderungen in den Nord-Provinzen von China (German)
 "Dwarf Trees" from Robert Fortune's Books

F
幕末外國人