莫蒂默·杰尔姆·阿德勒

莫蒂默·傑爾姆·阿德勒（，）是一名美国哲学家。

生平
阿德勒于1902年12月28日出生在美国纽约市的一个犹太移民家庭。14岁从中学輟學后，成为纽约太阳报的送稿人員，他当时立志想要成为一名记者。不久，阿德勒开始在夜间学习写作课程，从中他发现以下作者堪称英雄:柏拉图、亚里斯多德、托马斯·阿奎那、约翰·洛克、约翰·斯图尔特·密尔等等。之后，他进入哥伦比亚大学继续学习，同时还向学生文艺杂志投稿。尽管由于没能通过必修的游泳测验，而没能获得学士学位（1983年，哥伦比亚大学授予了他一个荣誉学位以作为补偿），阿德勒还是留在了大学，最终得到了一个講師的位置，并获得了心理学博士学位。

1930年，阿德勒前往芝加哥大学，并由之前认识的朋友、新任校长羅伯特·梅納德·哈欽斯安排为芝加哥大学法学院的法律哲学教授。然而他受到了芝加哥的一些哲学家的质疑，这些人对他“能否胜任哲学教授这个职责怀有重大疑问”，并且抵制阿德勒成为该大学哲学系的一分子。而同时，阿德勒也是该学校法学院有史以来第一个非律师出身的教师。

西方世界伟大名著项目的发起人。

1980年，梅耶轻松地问阿德勒，如果他去一个荒岛，准备带哪些书，阿德勒回答说是以下11本:

 修昔底德的《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》 
 5到6篇柏拉图的，《对话录》
 亚里斯多德的《伦理学(亚里士多德)|伦理学]]》和《政治学》
 希波的圣奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》 
 普鲁塔克的《比较列传》 
 但丁的《神曲》
 威廉·莎士比亚的一些戏剧
 蒙田的《尝试集》
 斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》
 约翰·洛克的《政府论》  
 列夫·托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》

名言

著作 

 Dialectic (1927)
 The Nature of Judicial Proof: An Inquiry into the Logical, Legal, and Empirical Aspects of the Law of Evidence (1931, with Jerome Michael)
 Diagrammatics (1932, with Maude Phelps Hutchins)
 Crime, Law and Social Science （1933, with Jerome Michael)
 Art and Prudence: A Study in Practical Philosophy (1937)
 What Man Has Made of Man: A Study of the Consequences of Platonism and Positivism in Psychology (1937)
 哲学与科学 of Man: A Collection of Texts as a Foundation for Ethics and Politics (1940)
 如何閱讀一本書（How to Read a Book） （1940）(中文版 ISBN 9789570517989)
 A Dialectic of Morals: Towards the Foundations of Political Philosophy (1941)
 How to Think About War and Peace (1944)
 教育革命 (1944, with Milton Mayer)
 The Capitalist Manifesto (1958, with Louis O. Kelso) ISBN 0837182107
 The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Conceptions of Freedom (1958)
 The New Capitalists: A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings (1961, with Louis O. Kelso)
 The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectical Examination of the Controversies about Freedom (1961)
 Great Ideas from the Great Books (1961)
 哲学的条件: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise (1965)
 The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes (1967)
 The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense (1970)
 The Common Sense of Politics (1971)
 The American Testament (1975, with William Gorman)
 Some Questions About Language: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects (1976)
 Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography (1977)
 Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling (1977, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
 每个人的亚里斯多德: Difficult Thought Made Easy (1978) ISBN 0684838230
 How to Think About God: A Guide for the 20th-Century Pagan (1980) ISBN 0-02-016022-4
 六种伟大思想（Six Great Ideas: Truth-Goodness-Beauty-Liberty-Equality-Justice） (1981) ISBN 0-02-072020-3
 The Angels and Us (1982)
 The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto (1982)
 How to Speak / How to Listen (1983) ISBN 0025005707
 Paideia Problems and Possibilities: A Consideration of Questions Raised by The Paideia Proposal (1983)
 A Vision of the Future: Twelve Ideas for a Better Life and a Better Society (1984) ISBN 0025002805
 The Paideia Program: An Educational Syllabus (1984, with Members of the Paideia Group)
 Ten Philosophical Mistakes (1985) ISBN 0-02-500330-5
 A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom (1986)
 We Hold These Truths: Understanding the Ideas and Ideals of the Constitution (1987)
 Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind (1988, edited by Geraldine Van Doren)
 Intellect: Mind Over Matter (1990)
 Truth in Religion: The Plurality of Religions and the Unity of Truth (1990)
 Haves Without Have-Nots: Essays for the 21st Century on Democracy and Socialism (1991) ISBN 0025005618
 Desires, Right & Wrong: The Ethics of Enough (1991)
 A Second Look in the Rearview Mirror: Further Autobiographical Reflections of a Philosopher At Large (1992)
 伟大思想:西方思想的列克星敦 (1992)
 Natural Theology, Chance, and God (The Great Ideas Today, 1992)
 The Four Dimensions of Philosophy: Metaphysical-Moral-Objective-Categorical (1993)
 Art, the Arts, and the Great Ideas (1994)
 Adler's Philosophical Dictionary: 125 Key Terms for the Philosopher's Lexicon (1995)

编写 
 新技术:奴隶还是主人 (in work, with Phillip W. Goetz)
 Scholasticism and Politics (1940)
 西方世界伟大名著 (1952, 52册）
 A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas (1952, 2 volumes)
 The Great Ideas Today (1961-1977, 17 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
 Gateway to the Great Books  (1963, 10 volumes, with Robert Hutchins)
 The Annals of America (1968, 21 volumes)
  Propaedia: Outline of Knowledge and Guide to The New Encyclopædia Britannica 15th Edition  (1974, 30 volumes)
 Great Treasury of Western Thought (1977, with Charles Van Doren)
 The Great Ideas Today (1978-1999, 20册）
 西方世界伟大名著第二版（1990年，60册）
 A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas 2nd Edition (1990, 2 volumes)

参见 
 永恒主义
 Liberal Arts, Inc.
 伟大名著
 西方正典

參考資料

外部链接 

 Center for the Study of the Great Ideas 
 阿德勒檔案
 Amazon.com:阿德勒的"desert island" books mentioned above 

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皈依天主教的猶太人
美國政治哲學家
前圣公宗教徒
托马斯主义哲学家
美国反資本主義者