Công nghiệp hóa tại Trung Quốc

Công nghiệp hóa tại Trung Quốc chỉ đến quá trình đất nước Trung Quốc trải qua vô vàn giai đoạn công nghiệp hóa với việc tập trung vào thời kỳ sau khi thành lập nhà nước Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa khi quốc gia này kinh qua sự tăng trưởng đáng chú ý nhất trong sự nghiệp công nghiệp hóa. Mặc dù khái niệm công nghiệp hóa tại Trung Quốc được định nghĩa rộng rãi từ các chiến dịch trong thế kỷ 20 nhưng đất nước Trung Hoa đã có một lịch sử lâu đời đặt trong bối cảnh các nỗ lực thời kỳ tiền công nghiệp, và những lý giải cho nguyên nhân trì hoãn công nghiệp hóa khi so sánh với các nước phương Tây.

Năm 1952, 83% số lao động ở Trung Quốc làm việc trong lĩnh vực nông nghiệp. Con số vẫn duy trì ở mức cao nhưng đã giảm dần xuyên suốt thời kỳ đầu của công nghiệp hóa từ thập niên 1960 đến thập niên 1990, tuy nhiên cái nhìn về việc gia tăng dân số nhanh chóng chẳng khác gì việc tăng trưởng nhanh chóng của lĩnh vực công nghiệp trong toàn bộ thời hạn, lên tới 11% mỗi năm trong suốt giai đoạn này. Tính đến năm 1977, một bộ phận lực lượng lao động làm nông sụt giảm xuống còn khoảng 77%, và cho đến năm 2012 là 33%.

Xem thêm

 Nông nghiệp Trung Quốc
 Kinh tế Trung Quốc
 Kỳ tích châu Âu
 Công nghiệp tại Trung Quốc
 Cách mạng công nghiệp
 Công nghiệp hóa

Đọc thêm

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240851
Adshead, S.A.M. (2004). T'ang China: The Rise of the East in World History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.  (hardback).
 Anderson, James A. (2008). "'Treacherous Factions': Shifting Frontier Alliances in the Breakdown of Sino-Vietnamese Relations on the Eve of the 1075 Border War," in Battlefronts Real and Imagined: War, Border, and Identity in the Chinese Middle Period, 191–226. Edited by Don J. Wyatt. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. .
Bol, Peter K. "The Rise of Local History: History, Geography, and Culture in Southern Song and Yuan Wuzhou," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 61, Number 1, 2001): 37–76.
Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of England Press. 
Brose, Michael C. (2008). "People in the Middle: Uyghurs in the Northwest Frontier Zone," in Battlefronts Real and Imagined: War, Border, and Identity in the Chinese Middle Period, 253–289. Edited by Don J. Wyatt. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. .
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James Palais. (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. .

__. (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  (paperback).
Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1997). Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk: ME Sharpe, Inc.
Chan, Alan Kam-leung and Gregory K. Clancey, Hui-Chieh Loy (2002). Historical Perspectives on East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine. Singapore: Singapore University Press. 
Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman (1992). China: A New History; Second Enlarged Edition (2006). Cambridge; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 
Fraser, Julius Thomas and Francis C. Haber. (1986). Time, Science, and Society in China and the West. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. .
Gernet, Jacques (1962). Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276. Translated by H.M. Wright. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 
Graff, David Andrew and Robin Higham (2002). A Military History of China. Boulder: Westview Press.
Guo, Qinghua. "Yingzao Fashi: Twelfth-Century Chinese Building Manual," Architectural History: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain (Volume 41 1998): 1–13.

Hansen, Valerie. (2000). The Open Empire: A History of China to 1600. New York & London: W.W. Norton & Company. .
Hargett, James M. "Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960–1279)," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (July 1985): 67–93.
Hargett, James M. "Song Dynasty Local Gazetteers and Their Place in The History of Difangzhi Writing," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 56, Number 2, 1996): 405–442.
Hartwell, Robert M. "Demographic, Political, and Social Transformations of China, 750-1550," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 42, Number 2, 1982): 365–442.
Hymes, Robert P. (1986). Statesmen and Gentlemen: The Elite of Fu-Chou, Chiang-Hsi, in Northern and Southern Sung. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .
Hsu, Mei-ling. "The Qin Maps: A Clue to Later Chinese Cartographic Development," Imago Mundi (Volume 45, 1993): 90-100.

Lorge, Peter (2005). War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795: 1st Edition. New York: Routledge.
McKnight, Brian E. (1992). Law and Order in Sung China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mielants, Eric. 2002. “Europe and China Compared”. Review (fernand Braudel Center) 25 (4). Research Foundation of SUNY: 401–49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40241745.
Mohn, Peter (2003). Magnetism in the Solid State: An Introduction. New York: Springer-Verlag Inc. 
Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China: 900–1800. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Needham, Joseph and Wang Ling. "Horner's Method in Chinese Mathematics: Its Origins in the Root-Extraction Procedures of the Han Dynasty," T'oung Pao, Second Series, Vol. 43, No. 5 (1955): 345–401.
_. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
__. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 1. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
__. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2: Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
__. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3: Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
__. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7: Military Technology; The Gunpowder Epic. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.

Peers, C.J. (2006). Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC-AD 1840. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
Pleiner, R. (2000) Iron in Archaeology. The European Bloomery Smelters, Praha, Archeologický Ústav Av Cr.
Rossabi, Morris (1988). Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley: University of England Press. .
Rudolph, R.C. "Preliminary Notes on Sung Archaeology," The Journal of Asian Studies (Volume 22, Number 2, 1963): 169–177.
Sastri, Nilakanta, K.A. The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras, 1935 (Reprinted 1984).
Schafer, Edward H. "War Elephants in Ancient and Medieval China," Oriens (Volume 10, Number 2, 1957): 289–291.
Sen, Tansen. (2003). Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600–1400. Manoa: Asian Interactions and Comparisons, a joint publication of the University of Hawaii Press and the Association for Asian Studies. .
Shen, Fuwei (1996). Cultural flow between China and the outside world. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. .
Sivin, Nathan. (1995). Science in Ancient China. Brookfield, Vermont: VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing.
Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. "The Tangut Royal Tombs near Yinchuan", Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture (Volume X, 1993): 369–381.
Sung, Tz’u, translated by Brian E. McKnight (1981). The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 
Wagner, Donald B. "The Administration of the Iron Industry in Eleventh-Century China," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (Volume 44 2001): 175–197.
Wang, Lianmao (2000). Return to the City of Light: Quanzhou, an eastern city shining with the splendour of medieval culture. Fujian People's Publishing House.
West, Stephen H. "Playing With Food: Performance, Food, and The Aesthetics of Artificiality in The Sung and Yuan," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 57, Number 1, 1997): 67–106.
Woods, Michael and Mary B. Woods (2000). Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books.
Wright, Arthur F. (1959). Buddhism in Chinese History. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," History of Education Quarterly (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài
China in midway of industrialization gov.cn (October 2007)
President: China to follow path of new type of industrialization gov.cn (September 2007)
CASS: China to realize full industrialization by 2021 gov.cn (August 2007)
Research on China's New Industrialization
China Hi-Tech Industrialization Association
China Net for Modernization Research
China and Europe, 1500-2000 and beyond: What is modern? with Ken Pomeranz and Bin Wong
, The Rise of the West or Not
Needham Puzzle, Weber Question, and China's Miracle: Long Term Performance since the Sung Dynasty (pdf file)

Lịch sử công nghiệp Trung Quốc
Lịch sử kinh tế Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa
Công nghiệp Trung Quốc
Sản xuất chế tạo tại Trung Quốc
Trung Quốc