Ahmed Sékou Touré

Ahmed Sékou Touré, ở Việt Nam quen gọi là Xê-cu Tu-rê hay Sheku Turay hoặc Ture (9 tháng 1 năm 1922 – 26 tháng 3 năm 1984) là một lãnh đạo chính trị người Ghi-nê và là một chính khách châu Phi, người trở thành Tổng thống Ghi-nê đầu tiên trong lịch sử, tại nhiệm từ năm 1958 cho đến khi ông qua đời năm 1984. Tu-rê là một trong những người theo chủ nghĩa dân tộc Guinée thuở sơ khai có tham gia vào công cuộc đấu tranh giành độc lập cho đất nước từ tay Pháp.

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 Chính trị Guinée
 Chuyến thăm cấp tổng thống của Sekou Touré đến Cộng hòa Congo
 Cung Tổng thống Sekou Touré
 Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Kỹ thuật Công nghiệp - Cơ sở 1 Nam Định, tên cũ là Trường Trung cấp Kỹ thuật Xê-cu Tu-rê

Tham khảo

Chú thích

Nguồn trích dẫn

 Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah (eds). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African, "Ahmed Sékou Touré," pp. 1857–58. Basic Civitas Books (1999). 
 
 Molefi K. Asante, Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of Black Studies. Sage Publications (2005) 
  Ibrahima Baba Kake. Sékou Touré. Le Héros et le Tyran. Paris, 1987, JA Presses. Collection Jeune Afrique Livres. 254 p
 Lansiné Kaba. "From Colonialism to Autocracy: Guinea under Sékou Touré, 1957–1984;" in Decolonization and African Independence, the Transfers of Power, 1960–1980. Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis (eds). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
 Phineas Malinga. "Ahmed Sékou Touré: An African Tragedy" 
 Baruch Hirson. "The Misdirection of C.L.R. James", Communalism and Socialism in Africa, 1989.
 John Leslie. Towards an African socialism, International Socialism (1st series), No.1, Spring 1960, pp. 15–19.
  Alpha Mohamed Sow, "Conflits ethnique dans un État révolutionnaire (Le cas Guinéen)", in Les ethnies ont une histoire, Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Gérard Prunier (ed), pp. 386–405, Karthala Editions (2003) 
 Parts of this article were translated from French Wikipedia's :fr:Ahmed Sékou Touré.

 Bài viết mới

 "New West Africa Union Sealed By Heads of Ghana and Guinea" By Thomas F. Brady, The New York Times. May 2, 1959, p. 2
 Guinea Shuns Tie to World Blocs; But New State Gets Most Aid From East—Toure Departs for a Visit to the U. S. By John B. Oakes, The New York Times, October 25, 1959, p. 16,
 Red Aid to Guinea Rises By Homer Bigart, The New York Times. March 6, 1960, p. 4
 Henry Tanner. Regime in Guinea Seizes 2 Utilities; Toure Nationalizes Power and Water Supply Concerns—Pledges Compensation, The New York Times. February 2, 1961, Thursday, p. 3
 Toure Says Reds Plotted a Coup; Links Communists to Riots by Students Last Month. (UPI), The New York Times. December 13, 1961, Wednesday, p. 14
 Toure's Country--'Africa Incarnate'; Gui'nea embodies the emphatic nationalism and revolutionary hopes of ex-colonial Africa, but its energetic President confronts handicaps that are also typically African. Toure's Country--'Africa Incarnate' By David Halberstam, July 8, 1962, Sunday The New York Times Magazine, p. 146
 Guinea Relaxes Business Curbs; Turns to Free Enterprise to Rescue Economy. (Reuters), The New York Times, December 8, 1963, Sunday p. 24
 U.S. Peace Corps Ousted by Guinea; 72 Members and Dependents to Leave Within a Week By Richard Eder, The New York Times, November 9, 1966, Wednesday, p. 11
 Guinea Is Warming West African Ties, The New York Times, January 26, 1968, Friday, p. 52
 Alfred Friendly Jr. Toure Adopting a Moderate Tone; But West Africa Is Skeptical of Guinean's Words. The New York Times. April 28, 1968, Sunday, p. 13
 Ebb of African 'Revolution', The New York Times, December 7, 1968, Saturday p. 46
 Guinea's President Charges A Plot to Overthrow Him, (Agence France-Presse), The New York Times, January 16, 1969, Thursday p. 10
 Guinea Reports 2 Members Of Cabinet Seized in Plot, (Reuters), The New York Times, March 22, 1969, Saturday p. 14
 12 Foes of Regime Doomed in Guinea, The New York Times, May 16, 1969, Friday p. 2
 Guinea Reports Invasion From Sea by Portuguese; Lisbon Denies Charge U.N. Council Calls for End to Attack Guinea Reports an Invasion From Sea (Associated Press), The New York Times, November 23, 1970, Monday, p. 1
 Guinea: Attack Strengthens Country's Symbolic Role, The New York Times, November 29, 1970, Sunday, p. 194
 Guinean is Adamant On Death Sentences, The New York Times, January 29, 1971, Friday. p. 3
 Guinea Wooing the West In Bauxite Development; Guinea is Seeking Help On Bauxite, The New York Times, February 15, 1971, Monday Section: Business and Finance, p. 34
 Political Ferment Hurts Guinea, The New York Times, January 31, 1972, Monday Section: Survey of Africa's Economy, p. 46
 Guinean, in Total Reversal, Asks More U.S. Investment by Bernard Weinraub, The New York Times, July 2, 1982, Friday Late City Final Edition, p. A3, Col. 5
 Guinea is Slowly Breaking Out of Its Tight Cocoon by Alan Cowell, The New York Times, December 3, 1982, Friday, Late City Final Edition, p. A2, Col. 3
 In Revolutionary Guinea, Some of the Fire is Gone by Alan Cowell, The New York Times, December 9, 1982, Thursday, Late City Final Edition, p. A2, Col. 3
 Guinea's President, Sekou Toure, Dies in Cleveland Clinic by Clifford D. May, The New York Times, Obituary, March 28, 1984, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition, p. A1, Col. 1
 Thousands Mourn Death of Toure by Clifford D. May, The New York Times, March 29, 1984, Thursday, Late City Final Edition, p. A3, Col. 1
 Ahmed Sekou Toure, a Radical Hero by Eric Pace, The New York Times, Obituary, March 28, 1984, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition, p. A6, Col. 1
 In Post-Coup Guinea, a Jail is Thrown Open. Clifford D. May. The New York Times, April 12, 1984, Thursday, Late City Final Edition, p.A1, Col. 4
 Topics; How to Run Things, Or Ruin Them, The New York Times, March 29, 1984.
 Guinea Airport Opens; Capital Appears Calm, The New York Times, April 7, 1984.
 Guinea Frees Toure's Widow, (Reuters), The New York Times, January 3, 1988.
 How France Shaped New Africa, Howard W. French, The New York Times, February 28, 1995.
 Conversations/Kwame Ture; Formerly Stokely Carmichael And Still Ready for the Revolution, Karen DeWitt, The New York Times, April 14, 1996.
 Stokely Carmichael, Rights Leader Who Coined 'Black Power,' Dies at 57, Michael T. Kaufman, The New York Times, November 16, 1998.
 'Mass graves' found in Guinea. BBC, 22 October 2002.
 Stokely Speaks (Book Review), Robert Weisbrot, The New York Times Review of Books, November 23, 2003.

 Các nguồn thứ cấp khác

 Graeme Counsel. "Popular music and politics in Sékou Touré’s Guinea". Australasian Review of African Studies. 26 (1), pp. 26–42. 2004
 Jean-Paul Alata. Prison d'Afrique
 Jean-Paul Alata. Interview-témoignage de Jean-Paul Alata sur Radio-France Internationale 
 Herve Hamon, Patrick Rotman L'affaire Alata
 Ladipo Adamolekun. "Sekou Toure's Guinea: An Experiment in Nation Building". Methuen (August 1976). 
 Koumandian Kéita. Guinée 61: L'École et la Dictature. Nubia (1984).
 Ibrahima Baba Kaké. Sékou Touré, le héros et le tyran. Jeune Afrique, Paris (1987)
 Alpha Abdoulaye Diallo. La vérité du ministre: Dix ans dans les geôles de Sékou Touré. (Questions d'actualité), Calmann-Lévy, Paris (1985). 
 Kaba Camara 41. Dans la Guinée de Sékou Touré: cela a bien eu lieu.
 Kindo Touré. Unique survivant du Complot Kaman-Fodéba
 Adolf Marx. Maudits soient ceux qui nous oublient.
 Ousmane Ardo Bâ. Camp Boiro. Sinistre geôle de Sékou Touré. Harmattan, Paris (1986) 
 Mahmoud Bah. Construire la Guinée après Sékou Touré
 Mgr. Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo. Noviciat d'un évêque: huit ans et huit mois de captivité sous Sékou Touré.
 Amadou Diallo. La mort de Telli Diallo
 Almamy Fodé Sylla. L'Itinéraire sanglant
 Comité Telli Diallo. J'ai vu: on tue des innocents en Guinée-Conakry 
 Alsény René Gomez. Parler ou périr
 Sako Kondé. Guinée. Le temps des fripouilles
 André Lewin. Diallo Telli. Le Destin tragique d'un grand Africain. 
 Camara Laye. Dramouss 
 Dr. Thierno Bah. Mon combat pour la Guinée
 Nadine Bari. Grain de sable
 Nadine Bari. Noces d'absence
 Nadine Bari. Chroniques de Guinée (1994)
 Nadine Bari. Guinée. Les cailloux de la mémoire (2004)
 Maurice Jeanjean. Nadine Bari. Sékou Touré, Un totalitarisme africain
 Collectif Jeune Afrique. Sékou Touré. Ce qu'il fut. Ce qu'il a fait. Ce qu'il faut défaire.
 Claude Abou Diakité. La Guinée enchaînée
 Alpha Condé. Guinée, néo-colonie américaine ou Albanie d'Afrique
 Lansiné Kaba. From colonialism to autocracy. Guinea under Sékou Touré: 1957–1984
 Charles E. Sory. Sékou Touré, l'ange exterminateur
 Charles Diané. Sékou Touré, l'homme et son régime: lettre ouverte au président Mitterrand
 Emile Tompapa. Sékou Touré: quarante ans de dictature
 Alpha Ousmane Barry. Pouvoir du discours et discours du pouvoir: l'art oratoire chez Sékou Touré de 1958 à 1984

Liên kết ngoài

 Xã luận: Kính chúc Tổng thống Xê-cu Tu-rê lên đường mạnh khỏe — Báo Nhân Dân, số 2374, 18 tháng 9 năm 1960
 1959 Time magazine cover story about Sékou Touré
 WebGuinee – Sekou Toure  Publishes full text of books and articles as well photos of Sekou Toure
 Camp Boiro Memorial. Extensive list of reports and articles on the notorious political prison where thousands of victims of the dictatorship of Sekou Toure disappeared between 1960 and 1984.
 More information about Ahmed Sékou Touré (French)
 BBC Radio: President Sekou Toure Defends One-Party Rule (1959).
 Conflict history: Guinea, 11 May 2007. International Crisis Group.
 1st page on the French National Assembly website
 2nd page on the French National Assembly website

Sinh năm 1922
Mất năm 1984
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