Etüdler (Chopin)

Etüdler (Études), Frédéric Chopin tarafından piyano için 3 set halinde bestelenen solo çalışmalardır. Toplamda 27 tane olan bestelerin onikişerli iki grubu Opus numarası 10 ve 25 ile sınıflandırılmış, üç tanesi ise opus numarası almamıştır.

Etüdlerin listesi

Études Op. 10
Etüdlerin ilk seti 1833'te yayınlandı (bazıları 1829 yılında yazılmıştı). Chopin o zaman 23 yaşında olmasına rağmen çoktan Paris salonlarında tanınan ünlü bir besteci idi. Paris'te Franz Liszt ile tanışan Chopin eserlerini o'na adamıştır. - "" (arkadaşıma, Franz Liszt).

Études Op. 25
Chopin'in ikinci etüd seti 1837'de yayınlandı.

Trois nouvelles études, Ignaz Moscheles ve François-Joseph Fétis tarafında yazılan bir piyano öğretim kitabı olan  için katkı amacıyla yazılmış ve opus numarası verilmemiştir.

Çalışmalar

Tüm Etüdler için
 Casella, Alfredo. F. Chopin. Studi per pianoforte. Milano: Edizioni Curci, 1946.
 Cortot, Alfred. Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.10. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
 Cortot, Alfred. Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.25. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
 Galston, Gottfried. Studienbuch [Study Book]. III. Abend [3rd Recital] (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.

Bazı Etüdler için
 Busoni, Ferruccio. Klavierübung in zehn Büchern [Piano Tutorial in Ten Books], zweite umgestaltete und bereicherte Ausgabe. Buch 8 (Variationen und Varianten nach Chopin). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1925.
 Godowsky, Leopold. Studien über die Etüden von Chopin (Studies on Chopin’s Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
 Joseffy, Rafael. Etudes for the Piano. Instructive Edition. New York: G. Schirmer, 1901.

Yorumlamalar
 Godowsky, Leopold. Studien über die Etüden von Chopin (Studies on Chopin’s Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
 Wührer, Friedrich. Achtzehn Studien zu Frédéric Chopins Etuden [sic] [18 Studies on Chopin’s Etudes]. In Motu Contrario [In Contrary Motion]. Heidelberg: Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1958.

Kaynakça

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar 
 Bülow, Hans von. "Remarks on the Separate Studies." In Auserlesene Klavier-Etüden von Fr. Chopin. München: Jos. Aibl, 1880.
 Collet, Robert. "Studies, Preludes and Impromptus." In Frédéric Chopin: Profiles of the Man and the Musician. Ed. Alan Walker. London: Barrie & Rockliff, 1966.
 Czerny, Carl. School of Practical Composition London: R. Cocks & Co., [1848]; Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.
 Deschaussées, Monique. Frédéric Chopin: 24 études - vers une interprétation. Fondettes: Van de Velde, 1995.
 Eigeldinger, Jean-Jacques. Chopin: Pianist and Teacher as Seen by his Pupils. Cambridge University Press, 1986
 Ekier, Jan, ed. (National Edition)."About the Etudes." "Performance Commentary." "Source Commentary." Chopin Etudes. Warsaw: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1999.
 Finlow, Simon. "The Twenty-seven Études and Their Antecedents." In Jim Samson (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Chopin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
 Galston, Gottfried. Studienbuch. III. Abend (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.
 Huneker, James. "The Studies—Titanic Experiments." In Chopin: The Man and His Music. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1900.
 Klein, Andreas. The Chopin "Etudes": An Indispensable Pedagogical Tool for Developing Piano Technique. DMA diss., Rice University, 1989.
 Kogosowski, Alan. "Mastering the Chopin Études." A compendium to Chopin: Genius of the Piano. E-Book, 2010.
 Leichtentritt, Hugo. "Die Etüden." In Analyse der Chopin’schen Klavierwerke [Analysis of Chopin’s Piano Works]. Band II. Berlin: Max Hesses Verlag, 1922.
 Lear, Angela Chopin’s Grande Etudes. February 5, 2007.
 Leontsky, Jan: Interpreting Chopin. Etudes op.10 & op.25. Analysis, comments and interpretive choices. Tarnhelm editions.
 Niecks, Frederick. Chopin as a Man and Musician. London: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1888.
 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, Ludwik Bronarski, Józef Turczynsky, ed. ("Paderewski" Edition). "The Character of the Present Edition." "Commentary." Chopin Studies (Etudes). Warsaw: Instytut Fryderyka Chopina, 1949.
 Samson, Jim. "Baroque reflections." In The Music of Chopin. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.
 Schumann, Robert. "Die Pianoforte-Etuden, ihren Zwecken nach geordnet" ["The Pianoforte Études, Categorized According to their Purposes"]. Neue Zeitschrift für Musik No. 11, February 6, 1836, p. 45.
 Zimmermann, Ewald, ed. (Henle Edition). "Kritischer Bericht" (Critical Report). Chopin Etudes. München: G. Henle Verlag, 1983.

Dış bağlantılar

Analiz
 Analysis of Chopin Etudes  at Chopin: the poet of the piano
 Detailed study guides of Chopin's etudes, with sheet music and recordings
 Etudes Op. 10, Etudes Op. 25 at CFEO (Chopin's First Editions Online) 
 
 Free scores of the Etudes at Mutopia Project 
Hans von Bulow's Edition of the Etudes, opp. 10 and 25 (Munich: J. Aibl, 1880) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
 Find entries on select Études and listen to on-demand performances at The Chopin Project site
 Diversity of the Tonal Structure of Chopin's Etudes by Miroslaw Majchrzak. British Postgraduate Musicology, Vol. 10 (2009)

Performanslar (video)
 Chopin 24 Études, Opp. 10 and 25  on YouTube, Joel Hastings
 Chopin 24 Etudes, Opp. 10 and 25  on YouTube, Valentina Lisitsa
 , Valentina Igoshina

Frédéric Chopin besteleri