Scarites

Scarites er en slekt av billene i delgruppen (underfamilien) graveløpere (Scaritinae) i familiegruppen løpebiller.

Utseende 
Store (opptil 50 millimeter), langstrakte, blanke, oftest svarte løpebiller. Hodet er stort og mer eller mindre rektangulært, med forstørrede, svært kraftige mandibler (overkjever). Fasettøynene er små og rundede, antennene trådformede og nokså korte. Pronotum er mye bredere enn langt, bakover kraftig innsnevret slik at det danner seg en markert "stilk" mellom pronotum og dekkvingene, scutellum sitter på denne. Dekkvingene er parallellsidige med dype punktstriper. Beina er korte og kraftige.

Levevis 
Som andre Scaritinae lever disse billene hovedsakelig underjordisk. De graver godt, og lever som rovdyr.

Utbredelse 
Denne artsrike slekten er representert i alle verdensdeler bortsett fra Antarktis, men mangler i Nord-Europa.

Systematisk inndeling 

Oversikten har med de europeiske artene.   Systematikken følger Carabidae of the World.  

 ordenen biller, Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758
 underordenen Adephaga Schellenberg, 1806
 overfamilien løpebiller og vannkalver, Caraboidea Latreille, 1802
 familien   løpebiller, Carabidae Latreille, 1802
 underfamilie graveløpere Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810
 stammen Scaritini Bonelli, 1810 
 slekten Scarites Fabricius 1775 – ikke i Norge
 underslekt Orientolobus Dostal, 1996
 Scarites (Orientolobus) beesoni (Andrewes, 1929) 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) birmanicus (Bates, 1892)
 Scarites (Orientolobus) lucidus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) modestus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) sexualis Banninger, 1938 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) stygicus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) vilhenai (Basilewsky, 1955) 
 Scarites (Orientolobus) wittei (Banninger, 1933)
 underslekt Parallelomorphus Motschulsky, 1849
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) acutidens Chaudoir, 1855
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) aterrimus A. Morawitz, 1863
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) cultripalpis Quedenfeldt, 1883 
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) discoidalis Banninger, 1938
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) inconspicuus Chaudoir, 1855
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) indus Olivier, 1795   
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) laevigatus Fabricius, 1792
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) mandli Jedlicka, 1963
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) nitidulus Klug, 1862  
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) punctum Wiedemann, 1823
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) quadripunctatus Dejean, 1825   
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) semicircularis W.S. MacLeay, 1825
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) subcylindricus Chaudoir, 1843
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) subnitens Chaudoir, 1855
 Scarites (Parallelomorphus) terricola Bonelli, 1813
 underslekt Scallophorites Motschulsky, 1858
 Scarites (Scallophorites) abbreviatus Dejean, 1825 - finnes på Madeira
 Scarites (Scallophorites) afghanus Jedlicka, 1967
 Scarites (Scallophorites) basiplicatus Heyden, 1884
 Scarites (Scallophorites) bucida (Pallas, 1778) - det sørøstlige Europa
 Scarites (Scallophorites) buparius (Förster, 1771) - Sør-Europa, dessuten funnet i Estland
 Scarites (Scallophorites) cycloderus Chaudoir, 1880
 Scarites (Scallophorites) cyclops Crotch, 1871 - Den iberiske halvøya
 Scarites (Scallophorites) guineensis Dejean, 1831
 Scarites (Scallophorites) impressus Fabricius, 1801 - Spania og Sardinia
 Scarites (Scallophorites) kabakovi Dostal, 1997
 Scarites (Scallophorites) klapperichi Banninger, 1956
 Scarites (Scallophorites) nitens Andrewes, 1929
 Scarites (Scallophorites) saxicola Bonelli, 1813 - Hellas
 Scarites (Scallophorites) striatus Dejean, 1825
 Scarites (Scallophorites) turkestanicus Heyden, 1884
 underslekt Scarites (i snever forstand)
 Scarites (Scarites) aestuans Klug, 1855
 Scarites (Scarites) angulifrons Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) angustesulcatus Baehr, 2002 
 Scarites (Scarites) angustus (Chaudoir, 1855)  
 Scarites (Scarites) anomalus Andrewes, 1930 
 Scarites (Scarites) anthracinus Dejean, 1831  
 Scarites (Scarites) atronitens Fairmaire, 1887 
 Scarites (Scarites) baenningeri Emden, 1932 
 Scarites (Scarites) barbarus Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Scarites) batesi Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) bengalensis Dejean, 1826
 Scarites (Scarites) biangulatus Fairmaire, 1898 
 Scarites (Scarites) bokalensis Banninger, 1932 
 Scarites (Scarites) bottegoi Banninger, 1937 
 Scarites (Scarites) boucardi Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) bruchi Banninger, 1932 
 Scarites (Scarites) cayennensis Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Scarites) ceylonicus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) colossus Csiki, 1927 
 Scarites (Scarites) comoricus Alluaud, 1932 
 Scarites (Scarites) corbetti Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) cormoides Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) costipennis Peringuey, 1896 
 Scarites (Scarites) crassus Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) cylindriformis Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) cylindronotus Faldermann, 1836
 Scarites (Scarites) defletus Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) denticulatus Chaudoir, 1880
 Scarites (Scarites) derogatus Andrewes, 1929
 Scarites (Scarites) distinguendus Chaudoir, 1855 
 Scarites (Scarites) doguereaui Gory, 1833 
 Scarites (Scarites) dubiosus Andrewes, 1929
 Scarites (Scarites) dyschromus Chaudoir, 1855 
 Scarites (Scarites) edentatus Banninger, 1932 
 Scarites (Scarites) emarginatus Herbst, 1806
 Scarites (Scarites) epaphius Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) estriatus Fairmaire, 1887
 Scarites (Scarites) eurytus Fischer von Waldheim, 1828 - spredt i Sør-Europa, også i Estland
 Scarites (Scarites) exaratus Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Scarites) excavatus Kirby, 1818 
 Scarites (Scarites) fairmairei Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) fatuus Karsch, 1881 
 Scarites (Scarites) feanus Banninger, 1937 
 Scarites (Scarites) ferus Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) fletcheri Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) granulatus Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) heterogrammus Perty, 1830 
 Scarites (Scarites) hypsipus Alluaud, 1917 
 Scarites (Scarites) illustris Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) inaequalis Fairmaire, 1893 
 Scarites (Scarites) limitaneus Andrewes, 1932
 Scarites (Scarites) linearis Boheman, 1848   
 Scarites (Scarites) liopterus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) liostracus Alluaud, 1930 
 Scarites (Scarites) lissopterus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) lomaensis Basilewsky, 1972 
 Scarites (Scarites) longiusculus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) lubricipennis Minowa, 1932
 Scarites (Scarites) lunicollis Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) madagascariensis Dejean, 1831 
 Scarites (Scarites) malangensis Quedenfeldt, 1883 
 Scarites (Scarites) mandarinus Banninger, 1928
 Scarites (Scarites) mandibularis Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) marinus Nichols, 1986 
 Scarites (Scarites) mayumbensis Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) melanarius Dejean, 1831 
 Scarites (Scarites) migiurtinus G.Muller, 1944 
 Scarites (Scarites) minowai Habu, 1947
 Scarites (Scarites) natalensis Boheman, 1848 
 Scarites (Scarites) nigrita Boheman, 1848 
 Scarites (Scarites) nitidiceps Baehr, 2002 
 Scarites (Scarites) ocalensis Nichols, 1986 
 Scarites (Scarites) orthomus Chaudoir, 1855
 Scarites (Scarites) paraguayensis Banninger, 1928 
 Scarites (Scarites) parallelus Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Scarites) passaloides Quedenfeldt, 1883 
 Scarites (Scarites) patroclus Murray, 1857 
 Scarites (Scarites) patruelis Leconte, 1845 
 Scarites (Scarites) perplexus Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Scarites) pinguis Andrewes, 1929
 Scarites (Scarites) politus Bonelli, 1813 
 Scarites (Scarites) polyphemus Herbst, 1806 
 Scarites (Scarites) praedator Chaudoir, 1880
 Scarites (Scarites) procerus Dejean, 1825
 Scarites (Scarites) productus Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) quadratus Fabricius, 1801 
 Scarites (Scarites) quadriceps Chaudoir, 1843 
 Scarites (Scarites) quadricostis Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) raptor Andrewes, 1932
 Scarites (Scarites) reductus Banninger, 1933 
 Scarites (Scarites) retusus Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) richteri Chaudoir, 1847 
 Scarites (Scarites) rugiceps Wiedemann, 1823 
 Scarites (Scarites) rugosus Wiedemann, 1821 
 Scarites (Scarites) salinus Dejean, 1825 - Sørøst-Europa
 Scarites (Scarites) scaevus Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) selene Schmidt-Gobel, 1846
 Scarites (Scarites) senegalensis Dejean, 1825    
 Scarites (Scarites) similis Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) simogonus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) stenodes Andrewes, 1929
 Scarites (Scarites) stenops Bousquet & Skelley, 2010   
 Scarites (Scarites) strigifrons Baehr, 2002 
 Scarites (Scarites) subpatroclus Basilewsky, 1972 
 Scarites (Scarites) subrugatus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) subterraneus Fabricius, 1775   
 Scarites (Scarites) sulcatus Olivier, 1795 
 Scarites (Scarites) tauropus Andrewes, 1929 
 Scarites (Scarites) tenebricosus Dejean, 1831 
 Scarites (Scarites) texanus Chaudoir, 1880 
 Scarites (Scarites) timorensis Banninger, 1949 
 Scarites (Scarites) trachydermon Andrewes, 1936
 Scarites (Scarites) unicus Minowa, 1932
 Scarites (Scarites) urbanus Minowa, 1932
 Scarites (Scarites) zambo Steinheil, 1875 
 underslekt Taeniolobus Chaudoir, 1855
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) aberrans Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) bonariensis (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) carinatus Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) convexipennis Fairmaire, 1868 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) convexiusculus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) corvinus Dejean, 1831 (Taeniolobus) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) cubanus (Banninger, 1937) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) deplanatus (Banninger, 1937) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) dubius Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) ecuadorensis Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) furcatus Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) gratus (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) guerini (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) holcocranius (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) interpositus (Banninger, 1933) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) lebasii (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) meridionalis Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) multisetosus Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) oberthueri Banninger, 1938 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) obliteratus Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) planatus Dejean, 1831 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) planiusculus (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) pronotalis Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) reichei (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) rugatus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) rugicollis Dejean, 1825 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) schubarti Banninger, 1939 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) seriepunctatus (Banninger, 1933) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) setosus Banninger, 1941 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) silvestris Castelnau, 1835 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) spectabilis (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) subcostatus (Chaudoir, 1880) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) subsulcatus Dejean, 1831 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) sulciceps (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) sulcifrons (Chaudoir, 1855) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) thiemei (Banninger, 1933) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) vilcanotanus (Banninger, 1932) 
 Scarites (Taeniolobus) zikani Banninger, 1941

Referanser

Eksterne lenker 
 
 Scarites – Database Carabidae of the World – engelskspråklig
 Scarites - Fauna Europaea - engelskspråklig
 Norsk Entomologisk forening 

Graveløpere
Biller formelt beskrevet i 1775
Dyr formelt beskrevet av Johann Christian Fabricius