Medusmušas

Medusmušas, medusmušu dzimta (Apioceridae) ir mušveidīgo divspārņu dzimta, kas pieder pie laupītājmušu virsdzimtas (Asiloidea). Tā ir neliela monotipiska dzimta, kuras sastāvā ir tikai viena medusmušu ģints (Apiocera) ar 138 aprakstītām sugām. To tuvākās radinieces ir laupītājmušas (Asilidae), kas atšķirībā no medusmušām ir plēsīgas.

Izplatība 
Medusmušas sastopamas sausos, smilšanos tuksneša vai pustuksneša biotopos: Ziemeļamerikas rietumpusē (Kanādā, ASV, Meksikā), Dienvidamerikā (Čīlē un Argentīnā), Dienvidāfrikā un Austrālijā.

Kopīgās īpašības 
Medusmušu pieaugušo īpatņu ķermenis ir masīvs, vidēji liels vai liels, parasti 15—30 mm garumā. Tās ārēji atgādina laupītājmušas un ir tikpat spēcīgas un skaļas lidotājas. Medusmušas barojas ar ziedu nektāru vai saldajiem augu izdalījumiem, kas nopil lejup uz zemes. Tās var ļoti bieži novērot padzeramies no mitrām smiltīm. Arī kāpuri attīstās smiltīs ūdenstilpu krastos. Atšķirībā no pieaugušajiem īpatņiem tie ir plēsīgi.

Sistemātika 
Medusmušu ģints (Apiocera)
 Apiocera acuticauda Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera acutipalpis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera afacialis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera alastor (Walker, 1849)
 Apiocera albanyana Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera aldrichi Painter, 1936
 Apiocera aliena Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera alleni Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera ammophila Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera angusta Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera antennata Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera arena Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera arnaudi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera asilica Westwood, 1835
 Apiocera asiloides Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera augur Osten Sacken, 1886
 Apiocera aurelia Artigas, 1970
 Apiocera auripilosa Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera australis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera badipeniculata Yeates, 1994
 Apiocera barri Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera basivillosa Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera beameri Painter, 1936
 Apiocera bibula Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera bigelowi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera bigotii (Macquart, 1847)
 Apiocera bilineata Painter, 1932
 Apiocera braunsi Melander, 1907
 Apiocera brevicornis (Wiedemann, 1830)
 Apiocera caboae Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera calida Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera caloris Painter, 1936
 Apiocera campbelli Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera canuta Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera cerata Paramonov, 1961
 Apiocera chiltonae Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera chrysolasia Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera clavator Painter, 1936
 Apiocera commoni Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera constricta Cazier, 1985
 Apiocera contrasta Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera convergens Painter, 1936
 Apiocera davidsonorum Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera deforma Norris, 1936
 Apiocera deserticola Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera draperae Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera elegans Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera englishae Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera excepta Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera exta Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera fallax Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera fasciata Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera femoralis Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera ferruginea Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera fisheri Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera flabellata Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera foleyi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera franckei Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera fullerae Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera goerlingi Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera hamata Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera hardyi Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera haruspex Osten Sacken, 1877
 Apiocera helenae Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera hispida Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera horticolis Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera immedia Hardy, 1940
 Apiocera imminuta Hardy, 1940
 Apiocera infinita Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera interrupta Painter, 1936
 Apiocera intonsa Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera latifrons Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera latipennis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera lavignei Cazier, 1985
 Apiocera linsleyi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera longicauda Paramonov, 1961
 Apiocera longitudinalis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera lugubris Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera mackerrasi Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera macswaini Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera maritima Hardy, 1933
 Apiocera maxima Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera melanura Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera mexicana Cazier, 1954
 Apiocera minckleyi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera minor Norris, 1936
 Apiocera moderata Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera moerens Westwood, 1841
 Apiocera monticola Artigas, 1970
 Apiocera mortensoni Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera mulegeae Cazier, 1985
 Apiocera newmani Norris, 1936
 Apiocera nicholsoni Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera norrisi Hardy, 1940
 Apiocera norrisiana Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera notata Painter, 1936
 Apiocera oblonga Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera obscura (Philippi, 1865)
 Apiocera ogradyi Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera omniflava Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera ordana Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera orientalis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera ornata Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera painteri Cazier, 1963
 Apiocera pallida Norris, 1936
 Apiocera parahydra Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera parkeri Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera pearcei Cazier, 1941
 Apiocera philippii Brethes, 1924
 Apiocera pica Norris, 1936
 Apiocera picoides Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera pilosoris Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera powelli Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera pruinosa Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera pulcherrima Paramonov, 1961
 Apiocera pulchra Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera reginae Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera rockefelleri Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera rubrifasciata Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera septentrionalis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera similis Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera sonorae Cazier, 1954
 Apiocera spectabilis Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera striativentris Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera swani Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera sylvestris Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera tonnoiri Norris, 1936
 Apiocera trimaculata Painter, 1936
 Apiocera tropica Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera unicolor Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera varia Cazier, 1985
 Apiocera vespera Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera victoriae Paramonov, 1953
 Apiocera volucra Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera voragocolis Cazier, 1982
 Apiocera vulpes Hermann, 1909
 Apiocera warneri Cazier, 1985
 Apiocera wilcoxi Cazier, 1982

Atsauces

Ārējās saites 

Genus: Apiocera 
ADW: Apioceridae
Family Apioceridae. BugGuide.net