올덴부르크 자유주

올덴부르크 자유주()는 바이마르 공화국과 나치 독일 시기 동안 존재했던 연방주이다. 그것은 독일 혁명 이후 프리드리히 아우구스투스 2세의 퇴위 이후 1918년에 세워졌고 제2차 세계 대전 이후 동맹국들에 의해 폐지되었다.

정부 
The state parliament consisted of a landtag with a fluctuating number of members but not more than 48, elected for a term of three years by universal suffrage. The state administration, headed by a Minister-President, was responsible to the landtag and could be removed by a vote of no confidence. For most of the Weimar period, due to the political stalemate in the landtag with neither the parties of the left nor the right able to form a stable parliamentary coalition, the state governments usually were headed by non-partisan technocrats.

From 1925 to 1927, following Bavaria's lead, Oldenburg was one of many German states that issued a ban on Adolf Hitler's participation in public meetings. However, in the May 1932 landtag election, the Nazi Party became the largest party with 48% of the vote and captured a majority of the landtag seats, for the first time in any German state. When the Nazi Party Gauleiter of Gau Weser-Ems, Carl Röver, became Minister-President on 16 June 1932, Oldenburg became one of only five states to have installed a Nazi-led government before the Nazis came to power nationally.

Following their seizure of power at the national level, the Nazi government enacted the "Second Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich" that established more direct control over the states by means of the new powerful position of Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor). Röver was installed in this post for both Oldenburg and Bremen on 5 May 1933 and was succeeded as Minister-President by Georg Joel. When Röver died on 15 May 1942, Paul Wegener became Reichsstatthalter.

올덴부르크의 통치자

장관과 대통령 
 1918–1919 Bernhard Kuhnt (USPD)
 1919–1923 Theodor Tantzen (DDP)
 1923–1930 Eugen von Finckh (non-partisan)
 1930–1932 Friedrich Cassebohm (non-partisan)
 1932–1933 Carl Röver (NSDAP)
 1933–1945 Georg Joel (NSDAP)
 1945–1946 Theodor Tantzen (FDP)

제국 총독 
 1933–1942 Carl Röver (NSDAP)
 1942–1945 Georg Joel (NSDAP)

영토 변화 
The state originally consisted of the main district of Oldenburg Land, as well as the two exclaves of Eutin near the Baltic coast and Birkenfeld in southwestern Germany. As a result of the Greater Hamburg Act it lost both exclave districts to Prussia and gained the City of Wilhelmshaven in return, effective 1 April 1937. By the beginning of the war in 1939, as a result of these territorial changes, Oldenburg had an area of  and 580,000 inhabitants.

After the war, Oldenburg was part of the British occupation zone. It lost its status as a separate German state when it was merged into the newly founded state of Lower Saxony as the administrative region () of Oldenburg, and became a part of West Germany upon its establishment in May 1949. The two exclaves became part of the states of Schleswig-Holstein and Rhineland-Palatinate, respectively.

같이 보기 
 올덴부르크 공국
 올덴부르크주
 바이마르 공화국의 올덴부르크주 의회 선거
 올덴부르크의 통치자

각주 

독일의 폐지된 행정 구역
독일 내 1918개 시설
1946년 독일의 해체
옛 공화국
니더작센주의 역사
올덴부르크
자유주
올덴부르크