エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ

エドガー・イプセル・"イップ"・ハーバーグ（Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg、1896年4月8日 - 1981年3月5日）はアメリカのポピュラーソングの作詞家であり、多くの有名な作曲家と働いた。

本名イシドア・ホックバーグ（Isidore Hochberg）。

歌詞を書いたのは"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"や"April in Paris"や"It's Only a Paper Moon"や『オズの魔法使』の「虹の彼方に」など。

生い立ち
ハーバーグは1896年4月8日にニューヨークのマンハッタンで生まれた。彼の父であるルイス・ハーバーグと母であるメアリー・ライシングはイディッシュ語を話す正統派（ユダヤ教徒）ユダヤ教徒であり、ロシアからの移民であった。高校時代にアイラ・ガーシュウィンと知り合った。

1921年にニューヨーク市立大学を卒業し、その後、電気装置会社の共同経営者になるが、1929年の世界大恐慌のために倒産してしまう。これを契機に作曲家としての人生をスタートさせる。

代表歌
"Over the Rainbow" (1939)
"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" with composer Jay Gorney (1932)
Last Night When We Were Young ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲 (1935)
"Cabin in the Sky"：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1943)
"The Eagle and Me" ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1944)
"April in Paris"
"It's Only a Paper Moon"
"Lydia the Tattooed Lady"
"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?"
"Old Devil Moon"
"Then I'll Be Tired of You"
"When the Idle Poor Become the Idle Rich"
"Down with Love"
"Free and Equal Blues" performed by Josh White

レヴュー
Earl Carroll's Sketchbook of 1929 (1929) - co-composer and co-lyricist with Jay Gorney
Garrick Gaieties (1930) - contributing lyricist
Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930 (1930) - contributing songwriter
The Vanderbilt Revue (1930) - contributing lyricist
Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 (1931) - featured lyricist for "Mailu"
Shoot the Works (1931) - contributing composer and lyricist
Ballyhoo of 1932 (1932) - lyricist
Americana (1932) - lyricist.  The Revue include "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist
Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers)
Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin
The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist
Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist
At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for "Happiness is Jes' a Thing Called Joe"

遺作
A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for "Over the Rainbow"
Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern
Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist

ミュージカル
Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator
Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist
Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers
Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009
Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical
The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes
Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist

映画
Moonlight and Pretzels - 1933
The Singing Kid - 1936
踊る三十七年 Golddiggers of 1937 - 1936
The Wizard of Oz - 1939
At the Circus - 1939
ブロードウェイBabes on Broadway - 1941
Ship Ahoy - 1942
Cabin in the Sky - 1943  Harburg's song "Aint It The Truth" expressing religious skepticism was removed
Can't Help Singing - 1944
Gay Purr-ee - 1962
Finian's Rainbow - 1968

本
Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965)
At This Point in Rhyme (1976)
Over the Rainbow (2000)

参照

参考

Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993).  ISBN 0-472-10482-9
Alonso, Harriet. "Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist," Wesleyan University Press (2012). ISBN 978-08195-7128-1

外部リンク

The Yip Harburg Foundation website
Biography of Harburg from USPS
"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript)

E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006 article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website
April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . . . Rhymes for the Irreverent Freedom From Religion Foundation's Podcast
 (BBC Radio 4 programme)
The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz by Amy Goodman
1920 passport photo of Yip Harburg(courtesy of the puzzlemaster, flickr.com)

アメリカ合衆国の作詞家
アメリカ合衆国の社会主義の人物
アメリカ合衆国の無神論者
ユダヤ人の無神論者
マンハッタン出身の人物
アカデミー賞受賞者
1896年生
1981年没
海葬された人物
東欧ユダヤ系アメリカ人