ビックス・バイダーベック

レオン・ビスマルク "ビックス" バイダーベック (Leon Bismark "Bix" Beiderbecke, 1903年3月10日 –  1931年8月6日)はアメリカの実在したジャズ・コルネット奏者、ピアニスト、作曲家。

概要 

ルイ・アームストロングと並んで、1920年代の最も影響力のあるソロイストであった。特に1927年の『Singin' the Blues』『I'm Coming, Virginia』は音色の純粋さ・即興演奏の才能を証明している。この2曲はジャズのバラード・スタイルを発明し、1950年代のクール・ジャズのヒントになった。

1927年のピアノ曲『In a Mist』はクラシックの印象派（クロード・ドビュッシー（1862年 - 1918年　フランス）
モーリス・ラヴェル（1875年 - 1937年　フランス）
ジャック・イベール（1890年 - 1962年　フランス）
オットリーノ・レスピーギ（1879年 - 1936年　イタリア）
フレデリック・ディーリアス（1862年 - 1934年　イギリス）
カロル・シマノフスキ（1882年 - 1937年　ポーランド）
マヌエル・デ・ファリャ（1876年 - 1946年　スペイン）など）とジャズのシンコペーションを融合した。

直接的にビング・クロスビーに、間接的にとレスター・ヤングに影響を与えた。

アイオワ州ダヴェンポート生まれ。独学でコルネットを習得、独自の指使いをした。

最初の録音はMidwestern jazz ensembles、The Wolverines 、The Bucktown Fiveなどと。

1924年、デトロイトのJean Goldkette Orchestraで演奏し、1926年、Frank TrumbauerとGoldketteに加入。ニューヨークのローズランド・ボールルームで、フレッチャー・ヘンダーソン楽団の向かいで演奏した。1927年、有名な録音をし、デトロイトを去ってニューヨークのPaul Whiteman Orchestraに加入。

主な録音
1. Wolverine楽団:1924年リッチモンド録音Gennett社
 "Fidgety Feet" / "Jazz Me Blues"
 "Copenhagen", 
 "Riverboat Shuffle" / "Susie (Of the Islands)"

2. ビックス・バイダーベックとリズム・ジャグラーズ:1925年リッチモンド録音Gennett社
 "Toddlin' Blues" / "Davenport Blues"

3. Jean Goldkette楽団（1926–1927）: ニューヨーク録音ヴィクター
 "My Pretty Girl" / "Cover Me Up with Sunshine"
 "Sunny Disposish" / "Fox Trot" from "Americana"
 "Clementine" "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra".

4. Frankie Trumbauer楽団とギターのEddie Lang: ニューヨーク録音1927/Okeh
 "Clarinet Marmalade" / "Singin' the Blues"
 "I'm Coming, Virginia" / "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans"
 "For No Reason at All in C" / "Trumbology"
 "In a Mist" / "Wringin' an' Twistin'"
 "Borneo" / "My Pet"

5. ビックス・バイダーベックとギャング: 1927, ニューヨーク録音Okeh 40923
 "At the Jazz Band Ball" / "Jazz Me Blues",,
 "Royal Garden Blues" / "Goose Pimples",
 "Sorry" / "Since My Best Gal Turned Me Down"
 "Wa-Da-Da (Everybody's Doin' It Now)",
 "Rhythm King",  1928ニューヨーク録音 Okeh 41173

6. Paul Whiteman楽団: ニューヨーク録音
 "Lonely Melody" [Take 3] / "Mississippi Mud" [Take 2], with Bing Crosby, the Rhythm Boys, and Izzy Friedman,  1928,Victor 25366
 "Ramona",1928 ,Victor 21214-A. No. 1 for 3 weeks
 "Ol' Man River" (From Show Boat),  1928,Victor 21218-A and Victor 25249 with Bing Crosby on vocals. No. 1 for 1 week
 "San" [Take 6], , 1928,Victor 24078-A
 "Together", , 1928,Victor 35883-A. No. 1 for 2 weeks
 "Mississippi Mud" [Take 3] / "From Monday On" [Take 6], with vocals by Bing Crosby,1928, Victor 21274
 "My Angel",  1928 Victor 21388-A. No. 1 for 6 weeks
 "My Melancholy Baby", 1928, Columbia 50068-D
 "Sweet Sue", , 1928, Columbia 50103-D

7. Bix Beiderbecke楽団: ニューヨーク録音 1930, Victor 23008
 "I Don't Mind Walking in the Rain" / "I'll Be a Friend with Pleasure"

8. ホーギー・カーマイケル楽団: ニューヨーク録音 1930,Victor 
 "Barnacle Bill, the Sailor" / "Rockin' Chair", with vocals by Carson Robison, 
 "Georgia on My Mind", with Hoagy Carmichael on vocals

グラミーの殿堂
死後、グラミーの殿堂入り。

受賞

 1962, inducted into Down Beat'''s Jazz Hall of Fame, critics' poll
 1971, Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Society established in Davenport, Iowa; founded annual jazz festival and scholarship
 1977, Beiderbecke's 1927 recording of "Singin' the Blues" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
1979, statue presented at LeClaire Park, in Davenport, Iowa
 1979, inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame
 1980, Beiderbecke's 1927 recording of "In a Mist" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
 1989, Asteroid 23457 Beiderbecke named after him.
 1993, inducted into the International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame
 2000, statue dedicated in Davenport
 2000, ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame
 2004, inducted into the inaugural class of the Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame
 2006, the 1927 recording of "Singin' the Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang was placed on the U.S. Library of Congress National Recording Registry.
 2007, inducted into the Gennett Records Walk of Fame in Richmond, Indiana
 2014, the 1930 recording of "Georgia on My Mind" by Hoagy Carmichael and His Orchestra featuring Bix Beiderbecke on cornet on Victor was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

資料The Beiderbecke Trilogy, a three-part 1980s British (Yorkshire Television) television series (The Beiderbecke Affair, The Beiderbecke Tapes and The Beiderbecke Connection) with a jazz soundtrack in the Beiderbecke style performed by Frank Ricotti and cornetist Kenny Baker, as the hero is a Beiderbecke fan.

参照

参考
 Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Jean Goldkette and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Alexander, Scott with Dennis Pereyra. "Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra". The Red Hot Jazz Archive: A History of Jazz Before 1930. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Armstrong, Louis. Satchmo: My Life in New Orleans. New York: Da Capo, 1954, 1986. ISBN 0-306-80276-7.
 Baker, Dorothy. Young Man with a Horn. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.
 Berton, Ralph. Remembering Bix: A Memoir of the Jazz Age. New York: Da Capo, 1974, 2000. ISBN 0-306-80937-0.
 "Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame". NNDB. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "Bix". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 The Bixography Discussion Group. Albert Haim, owner and moderator. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Blumenthal, Bob. "The Birth of Modern Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 87–111. ISBN 0-688-17074-9.
 Brooks, Michael. "The Flourishing of Jazz." In Jazz: The First Century. John Edward Hasse, ed. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Pp. 25–51. ISBN 0-688-17074-9.
 Brothers, Thomas. Louis Armstrong's New Orleans. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. ISBN 0-393-33001-X.
 Carmichael, Hoagy. The Stardust Road & Sometimes I Wonder: The Autobiography of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Da Capo, 1946, 1965, 1999. ISBN 0-306-80899-4.
 Condon, Eddie, with Thomas Sugrue. We Called It Music: A Generation of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1947, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80466-2.
 Dodds, Baby. The Baby Dodds Story, as Told to Larry Gara. Alma, Miss.: Rebeats Publications, 1959, 2003. ISBN 1-888408-08-1.
 DownBeat Critics (August 31, 1962). "1962 DownBeat Critics Poll". DownBeat. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Evans, Philip R. and Linda K. Evans. Bix: The Leon Bix Beiderbecke Story. Bakersfield, Calif.: Prelike Press, 1998. ISBN 0-9665448-0-3.
 Fairweather, Digby. "Bix Beiderbecke." In The Oxford Companion to Jazz. Bill Kirchner, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 122–131. ISBN 0-19-512510-X.
 Feather, Leonard, and Ira Gitler, eds. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-507418-5.
 Ferguson, Otis. "Young Man with a Horn" (1936) and "Young Man with a Horn Again" (1940) in The Otis Ferguson Reader (Dorothy Wilson and Robert Chamberlain, eds.). New York: Da Capo, 1982, 1997. ISBN 0-306-80744-0.
 Gioia, Ted. The Birth (And Death) of the Cool. Golden, Colo.: Speck Press, 2009. ISBN 1-933108-31-2.
 Gioia, Ted. The History of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-512653-X.
 "Grammy Hall of Fame Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Gray, Frank (April 30, 2005). "Solo in Sunnyside: Frank Gray travels through Queens, New York, in search of the late Bix Beiderbecke". The Guardian. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Green, Benny. The Reluctant Art: Five Studies in the Growth of Jazz. New York: Da Capo, 1962, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80441-7.
 Hadlock, Richard. Jazz Masters of the Twenties. New York: Collier Books, 1965, 1974.
 Haim, Albert (January 7, 2001). "The Available Documentation". The Bixography Discussion Group. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame". Jazz at Pitt. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 "Iowa: Scott County". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Jacobsen, Bob. "Bix Beiderbecke". Starr Gennett Foundation Inc.. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 James, Burnett. Bix Beiderbecke. London: Cassell, 1959.
 "Jazz at Lincoln Center's Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame". Jazz at Lincoln Center. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Johnson, Rich and Jim Arpy and Gerri Bowers. Bix: The Davenport Album. Barnegat, N.J.: Razor Edge, 2009. ISBN 0-9774018-5-5.
 Kennedy, Richard Lee. Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-253-21315-0.
 Kenney, William Howland. Jazz on the River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ISBN 0-226-43733-7.
 Lion, Jean Pierre. Bix: The Definitive Biography of a Jazz Legend. New York: Continuum, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-2754-5.
 Mezzrow, Mezz and Bernard Wolfe. Really the Blues. New York: Citadel, 1946, 1998. ISBN 0-8065-1205-9.
 Perhonis, John Paul. The Bix Beiderbecke Story: The Jazz Musician in Legend, Fiction, and Fact; A Study of the Images of Jazz in the National Culture 1930–the Present. Unpublished dissertation, University of Minnesota, March 1978.
 Rayno, Don. Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, 1890–1930; Vol. I. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8108-4579-2.
 Shapiro, Nat and Nat Hentoff, eds. Hear Me Talkin' to Ya: The Story of Jazz as Told by the Men Who Made It. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0-486-21726-4.
 Spencer, Frederick J., M.D. Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats. Oxford, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-453-8.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. Lost Chords: White Musicians and Their Contribution to Jazz, 1915–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-514838-X.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. Stardust Melody: The Life and Music of Hoagy Carmichael. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-516898-4.
 Sudhalter, Richard M. and Philip R. Evans with William Dean-Myatt. Bix: Man and Legend. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1974. ISBN 0-02-872500-X.
 "Sudhalter, Richard M. (Merrill)". Jazz.com Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians. Lewis Porter, Tim Wilkins, and Ted Gioia, eds. Retrieved September 19, 2010.
 Teachout, Terry. "Homage to Bix", Commentary, September 2005, pp. 65–68.
 Teachout, Terry. Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009. ISBN 0-15-101089-7.
 Turner, Frederick. 1929. New York: Counterpoint, 2003. ISBN 1-58243-265-1.
 Wald, Elijah. How the Beatles Destroyed Rock 'n' Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 0-19-534154-6.
 Ward, Geoffrey C. Jazz: A History of America's Music. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. ISBN 0-679-44551-X.
 Williams, Martin. The Jazz Tradition''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 1993. ISBN 0-19-507816-0.

外部リンク

 Bix Beiderbecke Resources: A Bixography
 Bix Beiderbecke Resources: A Creative Aural History Thesis – A series of nineteen one-
half-hour radio programs from 1971. Includes interviews with Frank Trumbauer, Louis Armstrong, Gene Krupa, Eddie Condon, Bing Crosby, Hoagy Carmichael, and Bix's brother Charles "Burnie" Beiderbecke

 "Davenport Blues" – An mp3 of Beiderbecke's first recording under his own name.
 "Bixology" (an excerpt) by Brendan Wolfe, Jazz.com.
 Twelve Essential Bix Beiderbecke Performances by Brendan Wolfe, Jazz.com.
 The Beiderbecke Affair, a blog by Brendan Wolfe concerned with Beiderbecke and his legend
 Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Society
 All That Jazz: Bix Beiderbecke.

1903年生
1931年没
アイオワ州ダベンポート出身の人物
アメリカ合衆国のジャズ・トランペット奏者
ジャズ作曲家
ディキシーランド・ジャズのミュージシャン
ドイツ系アメリカ人
アメリカ合衆国のジャズ・ピアニスト
アメリカ合衆国のコルネット奏者