Isotop wolfram

Wolfram (74W) yang terbentuk secara alami terdiri dari lima isotop. Empat dari mereka dianggap stabil (182W, 183W, 184W, dan 186W) dan yang satunya sedikit radioaktif, 180W, dengan waktu paruh yang sangat panjang, 1,8 ± 0,2 (juta triliun) tahun. Rata-rata, dua peluruhan alfa 180W terjadi per gram wolfram alami per tahun, jadi untuk sebagian besar tujuan praktis, wolfram dapat dianggap stabil.

Secara teoritis, kelimanya dapat meluruh menjadi isotop unsur 72 (hafnium) melalui peluruhan alfa, tetapi hanya 180W yang telah teramati melakukannya. Isotop alami lainnya belum teramati meluruh (mereka dianggap stabil secara pengamatan), dan batas bawah untuk waktu paruhnya telah ditetapkan:
182W, t1/2 > 7,7 tahun

183W, t1/2 > 4,1 tahun

184W, t1/2 > 8,9 tahun

186W, t1/2 > 8,2 tahun

Tiga puluh tiga radioisotop buatan wolfram telah dikarakterisasi dengan nomor massa mulai dari 157 hingga 194, yang paling stabil adalah 181W dengan waktu paruh 121,2 hari, 185W dengan waktu paruh 75,1 hari, 188W dengan waktu paruh 69,4 hari dan 178W dengan waktu paruh 21,6 hari. Semua isotop radioaktif yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 24 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 8 menit. Wolfram juga memiliki 11 keadaan meta dengan nomor massa 158, 179 (3 buah), 180 (2 buah), 183, 185, 186 (2 buah), dan 190, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 179m1W (t1/2 6,4 menit).

Daftar isotop

|-
| 158W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 84
| 157,97456(54)#
| 1,37(17) mdtk
| α
| 154Hf
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 158mW
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1889(8) keV
| 143(19) μdtk
|
|
| 8+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|159W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|158,97292(43)#
| rowspan=2|8,2(7) mdtk
| α (82%)
| 155Hf
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (18%)
| 159Ta
|-
| rowspan=2|160W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|159,96848(22)
| rowspan=2|90(5) mdtk
| α (87%)
| 156Hf
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (14%)
| 160Ta
|-
| rowspan=2|161W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|160,96736(21)#
| rowspan=2|409(16) mdtk
| α (73%)
| 157Hf
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (23%)
| 161Ta
|-
| rowspan=2|162W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|161,963497(19)
| rowspan=2|1,36(7) dtk
| β+ (53%)
| 162Ta
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (47%)
| 158Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|163W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|162,96252(6)
| rowspan=2|2,8(2) dtk
| β+ (59%)
| 163Ta
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (41%)
| 159Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|164W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|163,958954(13)
| rowspan=2|6,3(2) dtk
| β+ (97,4%)
| 164Ta
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (2,6%)
| 160Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|165W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91
| rowspan=2|164,958280(27)
| rowspan=2|5,1(5) dtk
| β+ (99,8%)
| 165Ta
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,2%)
| 161Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|166W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92
| rowspan=2|165,955027(11)
| rowspan=2|19,2(6) dtk
| β+ (99,96%)
| 166Ta
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,035%)
| 162Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|167W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 93
| rowspan=2|166,954816(21)
| rowspan=2|19,9(5) dtk
| β+ (>99,9%)
| 167Ta
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (<0,1%)
| 163Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|168W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94
| rowspan=2|167,951808(17)
| rowspan=2|51(2) dtk
| β+ (99,99%)
| 168Ta
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0,0319%)
| 164Hf
|-
| 169W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 168,951779(17)
| 76(6) dtk
| β+
| 169Ta
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|170W
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96
| rowspan=2|169,949228(16)
| rowspan=2|2,42(4) mnt
| β+(99%)
| 170Ta
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (1%)
| 166Hf
|-
| 171W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 170,94945(3)
| 2,38(4) mnt
| β+
| 171Ta
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-
| 172W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 171,94729(3)
| 6,6(9) mnt
| β+
| 172Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 173W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 172,94769(3)
| 7,6(2) mnt
| β+
| 173Ta
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| 174W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 173,94608(3)
| 33,2(21) mnt
| β+
| 174Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 175W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 174,94672(3)
| 35,2(6) mnt
| β+
| 175Ta
| (1/2−)
|
|
|-
| 176W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 175,94563(3)
| 2,5(1) jam
| EC
| 176Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 177W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 176,94664(3)
| 132(2) mnt
| β+
| 177Ta
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| 178W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 177,945876(16)
| 21,6(3) hri
| EC
| 178Ta
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 179W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 178,947070(17)
| 37,05(16) mnt
| β+
| 179Ta
| (7/2)−
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 179m1W
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 221,926(8) keV
| rowspan=2|6,40(7) mnt
| IT (99,72%)
| 179W
| rowspan=2|(1/2)−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (0,28%)
| 179Ta
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m2W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1631,90(8) keV
| 390(30) ndtk
|
|
| (21/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 179m3W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3348,45(16) keV
| 750(80) ndtk
|
|
| (35/2−)
|
|
|-
| 180W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 179,946704(4)
| 1,8(0,2) thn
| α
| 176Hf
| 0+
| 0,0012(1)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m1W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1529,04(3) keV
| 5,47(9) mdtk
| IT
| 180W
| 8−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 180m2W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3264,56(21) keV
| 2,33(19) μdtk
|
|
| 14−
|
|
|-
| 181W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 180,948197(5)
| 121,2(2) hri
| EC
| 181Ta
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| 182W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 181,9482042(9)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,2650(16)
|
|-
| 183W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 182,9502230(9)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 1/2−
| 0,1431(4)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 183mW
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 309,493(3) keV
| 5,2(3) dtk
| IT
| 183W
| 11/2+
|
|
|-
| 184W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 183,9509312(9)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,3064(2)
|
|-
| 185W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 184,9534193(10)
| 75,1(3) hri
| β−
| 185Re
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 185mW
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 197,43(5) keV
| 1,597(4) mnt
| IT
| 185W
| 11/2+
|
|
|-
| 186W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 185,9543641(19)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stabil Secara Pengamatan
| 0+
| 0,2843(19)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 186m1W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1517,2(6) keV
| 18(1) μdtk
|
|
| (7−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 186m2W
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3542,8(21) keV
| >3 mdtk
|
|
| (16+)
|
|
|-
| 187W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 186,9571605(19)
| 23,72(6) jam
| β−
| 187Re
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| 188W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 187,958489(4)
| 69,78(5) hri
| β−
| 188Re
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 189W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 188,96191(21)
| 11,6(3) mnt
| β−
| 189Re
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-
| 190W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 189,96318(18)
| 30,0(15) mnt
| β−
| 190Re
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 190mW
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2381(5) keV
| <3,1 mdtk
|
|
| (10−)
|
|
|-
| 191W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 117
| 190,96660(21)#
| 20# dtk[>300 ndtk]
|
|
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-
| 192W
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| style="text-align:right" | 118
| 191,96817(64)#
| 10# dtk[>300 ndtk]
|
|
| 0+
|
|

Referensi

 Massa isotop dari:

 Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:

 Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.

Isotop wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram