Kematian dan pemakaman Pangeran Philip, Adipati Edinburgh

Pangeran Philip, Adipati Edinburgh, suami dari Ratu Elizabeth II dari Britania Raya dan Negara Persemakmuran lainnya, dan pendamping ratu terlama dalam sejarah Inggris, meninggal dunia di Kastil Windsor pada usia 99 pada pagi hari tanggal 9 April 2021, dua bulan sebelum ulang tahunnya yang ke-100. Pernyataan resmi dari keluarga kerajaan mengatakan dia "meninggal dengan damai". Pemakamannya berlangsung pada 17 April. Akta kematian, disertifikasi oleh Sir Huw Thomas, kepala Rumah Tangga Medis Kerajaan, menyatakan penyebab kematian dalam "usia tua".

Kematian Duke memprakarsai Operasi Jembatan Forth, sebuah rencana yang merinci prosedur termasuk penyebaran informasi, berkabung nasional, dan pemakamannya. Duke telah mengindikasikan keinginan untuk pemakaman yang lebih kecil, meskipun amandemen masih dilakukan pada rencana untuk membawa layanannya sejalan dengan pemberlakuan COVID-19, termasuk karantina bagi anggota keluarga Duke yang bepergian dari luar negeri.

Perwakilan dari negara dan kelompok di seluruh dunia mengirimkan belasungkawa kepada Ratu, rakyat Inggris, dan warga Persemakmuran. Bunga dan pesan belasungkawa disampaikan oleh publik di Istana Buckingham dan Kastil Windsor, dengan anggota keluarga kerajaan secara terbuka memberikan penghormatan kepada Duke pada hari-hari setelah kematiannya.

Reaksi

Keluarga kerajaan 

Di kerpribadian, sang Ratu berkata suaminya meninggal telah "meninggalkan kekosongan besar dalam hidupnya". Anak-anak Duke memberikan penghormatan kepadanya dalam wawancara yang direkam untuk disiarkan setelah kematiannya. Pangeran Charles juga membuat pernyataan singkat yang disiarkan dari Highgrove House, menggambarkan ayahnya sebagai "sosok yang sangat dicintai dan dihargai" yang telah "memberikan yang paling luar biasa, mengabdi kepada ratu, untuk keluarga saya dan negara, tapi juga ke seluruh persemakmuran". sesuai keinginan ratu, keluarga kerajaan dan royal households mengamati 2 minggu berkabung mulai 9 april.

Keluarga dekat ratu pergi ke windsor untuk mendukungnya, dan beberapa anggota keluarga menghadiri upacara peringatan di Royal Chapel of All Saints pada 11 april.

Seperti pangeran Philip adalah presiden pertama British Academy of Film and Television Arts, acara 74th British Academy Film Awards  pada 10–11 April dimulai dengan penghormatan kepadanya. Pangeran William,  presiden saat ini, menarik diri dari keterlibatan publik karena kematian kakeknya.

Cucu Philip William, Harry, dan Eugenie serta cucu ipar Mike Tindall merilis pernyataan di mana mereka memberi penghormatan kepadanya. Hari berikutnya, Pangeran Edward juga berkomentar bahwa pesan dari publik sangat "menggembirakan" dan mengatakan bahwa "semangat dan etos Duke tetep hidup melalui penghargaannya, melalui setiap sentuhan kehidupan."

Pada 21 April 2021, bertepatan dengan hari ulang tahunnya yang ke 95, Ratu mengucapkan terima kasih atas ucapan selamat yang diterimanya, dan juga menambahkan bahwa keluarga kerajaan, saat berduka, telah terhibur melihat dan mendengar " upeti yang dibayarkan kepada Pangeran Philip, dari  orang-orang di Britania Raya, Persemakmuran dan seluruh dunia". Dia menambahkan dia  sangat tersentuh dan berterima kasih kepada publik atas "dukungan dan kebaikan mereka yang ditunjukan kepada kami dalam beberapa hari terakhir".

Britania Raya 

The prime minister, former prime ministers, the leader of the opposition, and the first ministers expressed condolences. The House of Commons was recalled a day early after its Easter break, on 12 April, to allow MPs to pay tribute. The House of Lords was already due to sit on that day. The Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly members also paid their tributes at meetings on the same day. Local election campaigns were also suspended. They resumed after the House of Commons members paid their tributes before pausing again on the day of the funeral.

Gun salutes were fired across the UK, in Gibraltar, and on warships, including  and , at sea. Sporting bodies modified their programmes as a mark of respect. On 11 April, a service of remembrance was held at Canterbury Cathedral by Archbishop Justin Welby. Similar services were held across the UK.

Alderman Bill Keery, a DUP councillor, was suspended from the party after making reference to "grooming" when speaking about the first meeting between the Duke and the Queen when she was 13.

In May 2021, the Royal Mail honoured Philip by issuing four black and white stamps depicting him at various stages of his life. The following month, HM Treasury unveiled a new special limited-edition £5 coin bearing Philip's portrait on Armed Forces Day, with the design approved by the Duke back in 2008. The exhibition "Prince Philip: A Celebration" at Windsor Castle and a complementary exhibition at the Palace of Holyroodhouse went on display in June and July respectively to mark what would have been Philip's 100th birthday.

Publik 

Due to restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the public were advised not to leave flowers, and a notice marking the Duke's death outside Buckingham Palace was removed to avoid crowds forming around it. Despite this, over a hundred floral and card tributes were placed at the Palace gates, and thousands gathered to pay their respects. Two men outside Buckingham Palace "celebrated" Prince Philip's death by opening and consuming a bottle of sparkling wine. An elegy was published by Simon Armitage to mark the Duke's death.

The heavy coverage of the death, particularly by the BBC, received some public criticism. On 15 April, it was announced that the BBC received 109,741 complaints about their handling of the Duke's death, the majority of which was reported to be criticism that the coverage was excessive. As a result, the BBC's coverage of the Duke's death has been the most widely complained-about piece of programming in its history.

Depedensi Mahkota 
The lieutenant governor of the Isle of Man, Sir Richard Gozney, sent condolences to the Queen, and tribute was made by the island's chief minister, Howard Quayle. Flags on all public buildings on the island were being flown at half-mast. Members of Tynwald paid their tributes on 15 April. In Jersey flags were flown at half-mast. The chief minister of Jersey, the bailiff of Jersey, and the lieutenant governor of Jersey all paid tribute. Representatives of Guernsey also remembered the Duke warmly, and on 10 April a 41-gun salute was sounded from Castle Cornet. Representatives of Alderney paid their tributes on 14 April.

Yunani dan Denmark

As Philip was Greek by birth, the Greek president, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, shared a photograph of him as a young boy dressed in the uniform of an Evzone guard. The photograph had been presented to the nation by Prince Charles on a visit to Athens in March 2021. Constantine II, Philip's first cousin once removed and the last king of the Hellenes, praised Philip's dedication to his country and the Commonwealth. While the funeral was held at Windsor, Philip was honoured with a memorial prayer in Saint Spyridon Church in Corfu by the metropolitan of Corfu, Paxos and Diapontia, Nektarios.

From Denmark, a nation of which Philip was also born a prince, Queen Margrethe II sent condolences to Queen Elizabeth II. The Danish Royal House shared a portrait in which Philip was wearing the Danish Order of the Elephant. The flags over Margrethe's official residence at Amalienborg in Copenhagen were flown at half-mast, by her orders, for the funeral on 17 April.

Persemakmuran 

Philip was a prominent figure in the Commonwealth of Nations and, particularly, the Commonwealth realms. Representatives of the governments and official oppositions of multiple Commonwealth realms and nations, from throughout his tenure as consort, shared messages of condolences to Elizabeth, and in mourning him for their people as well as the British. Many noted Philip's support and patronage of organisations throughout the Commonwealth, particularly for the Duke of Edinburgh's Award programme. Commonwealth Secretary-General The Baroness Scotland of Asthal also paid tribute, and offered condolences on her behalf.

Flags were flown at half-mast across the Commonwealth to mark mourning and respect for the Duke. The governments of The Bahamas, Canada, and the Solomon Islands issued notices to fly the national flag at half-mast from the announcement of the death to after the funeral and burial. Notices to fly the national flag at half-mast on specific days during the mourning period were also issued by the governments of Australia, Belize, New Zealand, Saint Lucia, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In Antigua and Barbuda, the flag of the governor-general was flown at half-mast until the day of the funeral.

Physical books of condolences were also opened to the public in some Commonwealth realms; including Government House in Antigua and Barbuda, the Beehive and Tūranga in New Zealand, and Government House in the Solomon Islands. However, physical books of condolences were not opened in Canada, Jamaica, and Australia due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gun salutes were fired across the Commonwealth in Philip's honour.

Australia
A 41-gun salute was observed outside Parliament House in Australia on the afternoon of 10 April. A small church service was held in St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, on 11 April, for Australian officials to pay respect to the Duke. Another memorial service led by Archbishop Geoffrey Smith was held at St. Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide on 18 April, and was attended by South Australian dignitaries.

Kanada
On the morning of 9 April, local time, the bell at Peace Tower in Canada was rung 99 times, one for each year the Duke lived. On 12 April, a parliamentary motion was passed in the House of Commons of Canada to express its condolences. On 17 April, it was announced that the Canadian government would donate C$200,000 to the Canadian branch of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award as a tribute to the Duke.

A national day of mourning was proclaimed in Canada on 17 April, with a televised national ceremony taking place at Christ Church Cathedral, Ottawa, after the funeral concluded in the UK. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, no guests were allowed to attend the service, with tributes provided virtually, including ones from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and David Johnston, the former governor general of Canada. A 41-gun salute outside the grounds of Rideau Hall and a recital by the Dominion Carillonneur on the Peace Tower carillon followed the national ceremony. Memorial services were also held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Toronto were also broadcast online, with the former service featuring a eulogy by Lieutenant Governor Arthur LeBlanc.

Siprus 

Di Siprus, tempat Philip menghabiskan satu dekade sebagai perwira angkatan laut kerajaan, gereja disana didorong untuk mengadakan kebaktian peringatan sebelum pemakaman. A Sung Eucharist was conducted on 14 April at St Paul's Anglican Cathedral, Nicosia, in thanksgiving for the Duke's life. It was attended by Archbishop Michael Lewis and British High Commissioner to Cyprus Stephen Lillie.

Malta 
On 17 April, a gun salute was held at noon at the Upper Barrakka Saluting Battery overlooking the Grand Harbour in Valletta. The nine-gun salute – one for each decade of the Duke of Edinburgh's life – was organised by the Wirt Artna Foundation and the Malta Tourism Authority. Tributes were also held at Villa Guardamangia in Pietà; a villa where Philip lived while serving in the navy in the late 1940s. The villa was the residence of the royal couple from 1949 to 1951, when Philip was stationed in Malta as the captain of . The tribute was organised by the Malta George Cross Movement; and saw members of the movement, the Royal Naval Association Malta branch, the Malta Command WW2 Living History Group, and members of the public lay flowers and wreaths at the steps of the villa.

Selandia Baru
A 41-gun salute was observed in New Zealand from Point Jerningham at noon on 11 April. On 13 April, MPs in New Zealand convened to pay tribute to him, including performing a waiata.

A state memorial service was also held at Wellington Cathedral of St. Paul on 21 April, led by Archbishop Philip Richardson. Speakers during the service included Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Governor-General Patsy Reddy. The current and former governors-general, prime ministers, parliamentarians, and the high commissioners from Australia and the United Kingdom attended the congregation.

Tanna, Vanuatu 

The Kastom people around the villages of Yaohnanen and  Yakel on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu, who worship Prince Philip, mourned his death. The Union Flag was flown at half mast on the grounds of the nakamal. A formal weeks-long mourning period was declared and many tribespeople gathered on 12 April in a ceremony to remember Philip. During their mourning period, villagers met periodically to conduct rites and display memorabilia, yams and kava plants. Many of the tribesmen believe that while his body lies at rest, the Duke's soul will return to "its spiritual home, the island of Tanna". Kirk Huffman, an anthropologist familiar with the group, said that after their period of mourning the group would probably transfer their veneration to Prince Charles, who had visited Vanuatu in 2018 and met with some of the tribal leaders.

Kerajaan lainnya
Various heads of existing and former European monarchies, most of whom were related to the Duke (predominantly through Queen Victoria and Christian IX of Denmark), shared their grief, including Philippe and Mathilde, the King and Queen of the Belgians; Margrethe II, the Queen of Denmark; Constantine II, the last King of the Hellenes; Henri, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg; Albert II, the Prince of Monaco; Willem-Alexander and Máxima, the King and Queen of the Netherlands, and Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands; Harald V, the King of Norway; Margareta, Custodian of the Crown of Romania; Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia; Felipe VI and Letizia, the King and Queen of Spain; Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia, the King and Queen of Sweden; and Alexander and Katherine, the former Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Yugoslavia.

Other monarchs and heads of royal houses from different parts of the world, including native monarchies of Commonwealth nations, also sent their condolences.

Flags were flown at half-mast at several royal palaces. The Norwegian Royal House announced that a flag would be flown at half-mast from the balcony of the Royal Palace, Oslo, on 9 April and on the day of the funeral. On the day of the funeral, flags at the Grand Ducal Palace and Berg Castle in Luxembourg, and the Royal Standard of Sweden at Stockholm Palace were also flown at half mast.

Bhutan 

King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Queen Jetsun Pema of Bhutan gave orders for special prayers to be held in monasteries across the nation in memory of the Duke, for about a week following his death. On 10 April, the King and Queen offered prayers before a portrait of the Duke at the Mongar Dzong, a Buddhist fortress-monastery in Mongar, and lit 1000 butterlamps, which in Tibetan Buddhism symbolises the hope that the person is free of suffering and that his soul will reach enlightenment. They were accompanied by Queen Mother Tshering Yangdon, Prince Gyaltshab Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, and Ashi Yeatso Lhamo.

In Thimphu, Prince Dasho Jigyel Ugyen Wangchuck, accompanied by the Foreign Minister Tandi Dorji, British residents in Bhutan, and Bhutanese who studied in the United Kingdom, also offered prayers and lit 1000 butterlamps at the Simtokha Dzong.

Swedia 
Sweden honoured the Duke, who was a Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, the foremost order of Sweden, on the day of his funeral. The Duke was awarded the order by King Gustaf VI Adolf on 23 June 1954. The Duke was the 683rd Knight of the Order since its inception in 1748.

The Duke's coat of arms as a Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim was then taken from the palace to Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm, where the great bell rang a traditional Seraphim Toll (Serafimerringningen) for one hour, from noon to 1 pm. The Vice-Chancellor delivered the eulogy for the deceased Knight of the Order. The Duke's coat of arms were then hung in the church. The Duke's sash and Order of the Seraphim was on display in St George's Chapel on the day of the funeral. The Swedish Royal Family sent wreaths to the British Royal Family.

Internasional 

Past and present representatives of the governments of many nations gave tribute to the life of the Duke and his impact around the world. Also sharing sympathy were the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, a spokesperson for Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres, Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom, Director-General of the World Trade Organization Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, President of the World Bank David Malpass, Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg, Pope Francis, and the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.

Irlandia 
On the day of the funeral, the Irish National flag at all State buildings in Ireland was flown at half-mast as a "mark of respect" for the Duke. Under Ireland's National Flag Guidelines, the flag is flown at half-mast on "all prominent government buildings" with a permanent flag pole on the death of a national or international figure.

The Irish National flag was previously flown at half-mast on all State buildings in 1997, on the day of Diana's funeral, and in 2002, to mark the death of the Queen Mother.

Catatan kaki

Referensi

Pranala luar

 Announcement of the death of The Duke of Edinburgh – The Royal Household
 Order of Service for the funeral
 The Funeral of The Duke of Edinburgh – The Royal Family on YouTube
 The Funeral of HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh – BBC
 Commemoration for His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh – Government of Canada

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