Konvoi Arktika pada Perang Dunia II

Konvoi Arktik pada Perang Dunia II adalah konvoi melalui samudra yang berlayar dari Britania Raya, Islandia dan Amerika Utara ke pelabuhan-pelabuhan utara di Uni Soviet – terutama Arkhangelsk dan Murmansk di Rusia. Terdapat 78 konvoi antara Agustus 1941 sampai Mei 1945, berlayar melalui beberapa laut dari Samudra Atlantik dan Samudra Arktik, dengan dua celah tanpa pelayaran antara Juli dan September 1942, dan Maret dan November 1943.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

Daftar pustaka

Bacaan tambahan

Pranala luar 
 London Gazette: Convoys to North Russia, 1942 
 Allies and Lend-Lease Museum'', Moscow
 MOD veterans' agency
 German account of Rösselsprung
 [http://admiral.centro.ru/memor08.htm Soviet account on the war in Arctic and the convoys: Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
 Murmansk Run: Arctic Convoys to Russia: free print-and-play boardgame.
 Naval History.net
 The Quiet Courage of Chief Steward Horace Carswell DSM, MM, BEM during Convoy PQ.17
 Coxswain Sid Kerslake of armed trawler "Northern Gem" and the Russian Convoys
 Convoy PQ.17 Primary source diary and supporting material by Jack Bowman, ERA aboard HMS La Malouine.
 Lend-Lease, Northern Convoys from the Voice of Russia website
 The Norwegian Merchant Fleet
 Newsreel video of HMS Scylla fighting the Luftwaffe while protecting convoy PQ 18
 Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War
 Thank you, Brave Comrade

Militer di Arktik