Pengepungan Legasi Internasional

Pengepungan Legasi Internasional terjadi pada musim panas 1900 di Peking (sekarang Beijing), ibu kota Kekaisaran Qing, selama Pemberontakan Boxer. Orang-orang asing yang sebagian besar berasal dari Eropa, Amerika Serikat dan Jepang termasuk 900 tentara dan marinirnya ditambah sekitar 2.800 orang Tiongkok yang beragama Kristen mengungsi ke markas legasi (kedutaan kecil) yang ada di Beijing, setelah mereka diancam oleh para Pemberontak Boxer dan Gerakan Petani anti-asing dan anti-Kristen.

Mereka berhasil diselamatkan dari pengepungan yang berlangsung selama 55 hari itu setelah pasukan Aliansi Delapan Negara yang tiba dengan berjalan kaki dari pantai Tiongkok, berhasil mengalahkan tentara Qing, dan kemudian menguasai Beijing. Surat kabar The Sun, New York menyebut Pengepungan itu sebagai "Episode paling menarik yang pernah terjadi dalam suatu peradaban."

Referensi

Kutipan

Sumber 

 Allen, Rev. Roland The Siege of the Peking Legations. London: Smith, Elder, 1901
 Annual Reports of the War Department, 1901 Washington: Government Printing Office, 1901
 Bickers, Robert and Tiedemann, R.G., The Boxers, China, and the World. Lanham, MD; Rowman and Littlefield, 2007
 
 
 Cohen, Paul A. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. New York: Columbia U Press, 1997
 Conger, Sarah Pike, Letters from China. Chicago: A.C McClurg, 1910
 Davids, Jules, ed. American Diplomatic and State Papers: The United States and China: Boxer Uprising. Series 3, Vol. 5, Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1981
 Der Ling, Princess. Two Years in the Forbidden City. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1911
 Fenn, Rev. Courtnay Hughes, "The American Marines in the Siege of Peking". The Independent. Dec 6, 2000
 Fleming, Peter. The Siege at Peking. New York: Harper, 1959
 Foreign Relations of the United States, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900
 Ingram, James H., M.D. "The Defense of the Legations in Peking". The Independent. Dec 3 and 10, 1900
 Lynch, George. "Vae Victis! The Allies in Peking after the Siege". The Independent. Nov 8, 1900
 Martin, W.A.P. The Siege in Peking. New York:Fleming H. Revell, 1900
 Mateer, Ada Haven. Siege Days: Personal Experiences of American Women and Children during the Peking Siege. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell, 1903
 Miner, Luella, "A Prison in Peking: The Diary of an American Woman during the Siege". The Outlook, Nov. 10, 17, 24, 1900
 Morrison, Dr. George E. "The Siege of the Peking Legations" The Living Age, Nov 17, 24 and Dec 1, 8, and 15, 1900*
 Myers, Capt. John T. "Military Operations and Defenses of the Siege of Peking". Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute September, 1902
 O'Connor, Richard. The Spirit Soldiers: A Historical Narrative of the Boxer Rebellion. New York: Putnams, 1973
 Oliphant, Nigel, A Diary of the Siege of the Legations in Peking. London: Longman, Greens, 1901
 Porter, Henry D. William Scott Ament: Missionary of the American Board to China. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1911
 Preston, Diana. The Boxer Rebellion. New York: Berkley Books, 1999
 Ransome, Jessie. The Story of the Siege Hospital. London: SPCK, 1901
 Seagrave, Sterling. Dragon Lady: the Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China. New York: Vantage, 1992
 Smith, Arthur H. China in Convulsion. 2 Vols. New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1901
 "The Fortification of Peking during the Siege". The Gospel in all Lands. Feb 1902
 Thompson, Larry Clinton. William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009. 
 Thompson, Peter and Macklin, Robert The Man who Died Twice: The Life and Adventures of Morrison of Peking. Crow’s Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2005
 Weale, B. L. (Bertram Lenox Simpson), Indiscreet Letters from Peking. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1907

 
Aliansi Delapan Negara
Pemberontakan Boxer