Penolak berdasarkan hati nurani

Penolak berdasarkan hati nurani () adalah "orang yang mengklaim hak untuk menolak melakukan tugas militer" atas dasar kebebasan pemikiran, hati nurani, atau agama.

Di beberapa negara, penolak berdasarkan hati nurani ditugaskan pada tugas sipil alternatif sebagai pengganti tugas militer atau wajib militer. Beberapa penolak berdasarkan hati nurani menganggap diri mereka sendiri sebagai pasifis, non-intervensionis, non-resistan, non-agresionis, anti-imperialis, antimiliteris atau tak bernegara secara filsafat (tak meyakini pengecapan negara).

Pada 8 Maret 1995, resolusi Komisi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Hak Asasi Manusia 1995/83 menyatakan bahwa "orang-orang yang memegang tugas militer tak seharusnya dikecualikan dari hak memiliki penolakan berdasarkan hati nurani terhadap tugas militer".

Referensi

Bacaan tambahan 
 Alexander, Paul, (2008),[http://www.cascadiapublishinghouse.com/ptw/ptw.htm Peace to War: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God]. Telford, PA: Cascadia Publishing/Herald Press. A history and analysis of conscientious objection in the Assemblies of God, the largest Pentecostal denomination.
 Selective Service, "Conscientious Objection and Alternative Service: Who Qualifies "
 Bennett, Scott H. (2005). Army GI, Pacifist CO: The World War II Letters of Frank and Albert Dietrich (Fordham Univ. Press).
 Bennett, Scott H. (2003). Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915–1963. (Syracuse Univ. Press).
 Keim, Albert N. (1990). The CPS Story: An Illustrated History of Civilian Public Service, pp. 75–79. Good Books. 
 Gingerich, Melvin (1949), Service for Peace, A History of Mennonite Civilian Public Service, Mennonite Central Committee.
 Krahn, Cornelius, Gingerich, Melvin & Harms, Orlando (Eds.) (1955). The Mennonite Encyclopedia, Volume I, pp. 76–78. Mennoniite Publishing House.
 Matthews, Mark (2006). Smoke Jumping on the Western Fire Line: Conscientious Objectors during World War II, University of Oklahoma Press. 
 Mock, Melanie Springer (2003). Writing Peace: The Unheard Voices of Great War Mennonite Objectors, Cascadia Publishing House. 
 Moorehead, Caroline (1987). Troublesome People: Enemies of War, 1916–86, Hamish Hamilton Ltd, 
 Pannabecker, Samuel Floyd (1975), Open Doors: A History of the General Conference Mennonite Church, Faith and Life Press. 
 Quakers in Britain — Conscientious Objectors.
 
 Spartacus Education Pacifism page.
 McNair, Donald (2008) A Pacifist at War: Military Memoirs of a Conscientious Objector in Palestine 1917–1918 Anastasia Press, Much Hadham

Media visual 
 Rick Tejada-Flores, Judith Ehrlich (2000), "The good war and those who refused to fight it"; Paradigm Productions in association with the Independent Television Service, aired on PBS.
 Catherine Ryan, Gary Weimberg (2008), "Soldiers of Conscience"; Luna Productions. Aired on the PBS nonfiction series POV.

Pranala luar 

 Schleif, Luke: Conscientious Objectors, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
 Patterson, David S.: Pacifism, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
 Alternative Service in the Second World War: Conscientious Objectors in Canada 1939–1945
 Conscientious objectors in a volunteer army (Chicago Tribune article by Anthony DeBartolo)
 The National Registry for Conscientious Objection
 International Conscientious Objectors' Day (War Resisters' International)
 of Human Rights factsheet on case law on conscientious objection
 "Making a Choice: Conscientious Objection or Refusing to Register" (Resisters.info)
 The European Bureau for Conscientious Objection
 Mennonite Central Committee's listing of resources for conscientious objection (US and Canada) 
 Refusing to Kill : conscientious objection and human rights in World War I. Peace Pledge Union, 2006.
 Watch His Conscience: A Short History Of The Conscientious Objector. By Michael D. Peabody
 Catholic Peace Fellowship
 The Right to Refuse to Bear Arms – the most authoritative recent world survey on provisions for conscientious objection to military service, by War Resisters' International
 A Conscientious Objector's Guide to the UN Human Rights System
 You have no enemies. A Call for Conscientious Objection. By Dieter Duhm 
 "Hacksaw Ridge" A film about conscientious objector, Desmond T.Doss who received 'Medal of Honor' in WW2.

Sosiologi militer