Leonora Carrington

Leonora Carrington OBE (6 April 1917  25 Mei 2011  ) adalah seorang seniwati, pelukis surealisme, dan novelis. Ia adalah orang Meksiko yang lahir di Inggris. Ia hidup sebagian besar di Mexico City dan adalah salah satu dari anggota gerakan Surealis pada tahun 1930-an. Carrington juga merupakan anggota pendiri dari Gerakan Pembebas Perempuan di Meksiko pada tahun 1970-an.

Kehidupan awal 
Carrington lahir di Clayton Green, Chorley, Lancashire, Inggris. Ayahnya adalah produsen tekstil yang kaya, dan ibunya, Maureen (née Moorhead), adalah orang Irlandia. Ia memiliki tiga saudara lelaki: Patrick, Gerald, dan Arthur.

Dididik oleh pengasuh, pengajar, dan biarawati, ia dikeluarkan dari dua sekolah, termasuk New Hall School, Chelmsford, karena perilakunya yang memberontak, sampai keluarganya mengirimnya ke Florence, di mana ia menghadiri Akademi Seni Nyonya Penrose. Dia juga, secara singkat, menghadiri sekolah biara St Mary di Ascot. Pada tahun 1927, pada usia sepuluh tahun, ia melihat lukisan surealis pertamanya di galeri Left Bank di Paris dan kemudian bertemu banyak surealis, termasuk Paul Éluard. Ayahnya menentang kariernya sebagai seniman, tetapi ibunya mendorongnya. Dia kembali ke Inggris dan pergi ke Pengadilan, tetapi menurutnya, dia membawa salinan Aldous Huxley's Eyeless di Gaza (1936) sebagai gantinya. Pada tahun 1935, ia menghadiri Sekolah Seni Chelsea di London selama satu tahun, dan dengan bantuan teman ayahnya Serge Chermayeff, ia dapat pindah ke Akademi Seni Rupa Ozenfant yang didirikan oleh Amédée Ozenfant, seorang modernis Prancis di London (1936–1938).

Dia menjadi akrab dengan Surealisme dari salinan buku Herbert Read, Surrealisme (1936), yang diberikan kepadanya oleh ibunya, tetapi dia menerima sedikit dorongan dari keluarganya untuk menempa karier artistik. Penyair dan pelindung Surrealist Edward James adalah juara karyanya di Inggris; James membeli banyak lukisannya dan mengatur pertunjukan pada tahun 1947 untuk karyanya di Galeri Pierre Matisse di New York. Beberapa karya masih tergantung di bekas rumah keluarga James, saat ini West Dean College di West Dean, Sussex Barat.

Kematian 
Leonora Carrington meninggal pada 25 Mei 2011, pada usia 94 tahun, di sebuah rumah sakit di Mexico City, sebagai akibat dari komplikasi yang timbul dari pneumonia.

Pameran 
 2019: LEONORA CARRINGTON, The Story of the Last Egg, GALLERY WENDI NORRIS OFFSITE EXHIBITION, New York, NY, May 23 – June 29, 2019
 2018: the Leonora Carrington Museum opens in San Luis Potosí, México.
 2018: Leonora Carrington. Cuentos Mágicos, Museo de Arte Moderno de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, April - September 2018 
 2017: Mad About Surrealism, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Netherlands, Rotterdam
 2017: Surrealist Women, Mayoral, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona 
 2016: Monstruosismos, Museo de Arte Moderno de Ciudad de México, Mexico, Bosque de Chapultepec
 2016: Surreal Encounters. Collecting the Marvellous, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, UK, Edinburgh
 2016: Dalí, Ernst, Miró, Magritte ... : Surreal Encounters from the Collections Edward James, Roland Penrose
 2016: Gabrielle Keiller, Ulla and Heiner Pietzsch, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Germany, Hamburg
 2016: Artists and Lovers, Ordovas Gallery, London, UK, Mayfair
 2016: Strange Worlds: The Vision of Angela Carter, Royal West Of England Academy, UK, Bristol
 2016: Leonora Carrington: The Last Tuesday Society & Viktor Wynd's Museum of Curiosities, Fine Art & Natural History. Hackney, London, September – December 2016
 2015: Leonora Carrington: Tate Liverpool, 6 March – 31 May 2015
 2015: Surrealism and Magic, Boca Raton Museum of Art, USA, Boca Raton
 2015: Kahlo, Rivera & Mexican Modern Art, NSU Art Museum, Fort Lauderdale, USA, Ft. Lauderdale
 2015: Mexico: Fantastic Identity. 20th Century Masterpieces from the FEMSA Collection, Museum of Latin American Art, USA, Long Beach 
 2015: Lorna Otero Project Album of Family, Miami, The Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum, Florida International University, USA, Downtown Miami
 2015: Surrealism: The Conjured Life, Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago, USA, Near North Side
 2015: Fields of Dream: The Surrealist Landscape, Di Donna, USA, Upper East Side
 2014: Surrealism and Magic, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, USA, Ithaca
 2014: Paper, Pencil & Ink: Prints & Other Works on Paper, Ruiz-Healy Art, USA, San Antonio
 2013: Max Ernst, Fondation Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland, Basel
 2013–2014: Leonora Carrington: The Celtic Surrealist, Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin, Ireland (solo)
 2012: In Wonderland: The Surrealist Adventures of Women Artists in Mexico and the United States, Los Angeles 
 2012: County Museum of Art, USA, Park La Brea
 2011: Exultation: Sex, Death and Madness in Eight Surrealist Masterworks, Wendi Norris Gallery, USA, Union Square
 2011: The Colour of My Dreams The Surrealist Revolution in Art, Vancouver Art Gallery, Canada, Vancouver
 2011: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly?, Museum of Latin American Art, USA, Long Beach
 2011: Night Scented Stock, Marianne Boesky Gallery, 118 East 64th Street, USA, Upper East Side
 2011: Leonora Carrington & Tilly Losch, Viktor Wynd Fine Art Inc.
 2010: Surreal Friends, Pallant House Gallery, UK, Chichester
 2010: Divine Comedy, Sotheby's New York, USA, Upper East Side
 2009: Latitudes: Latin American Masters from the Femsa Collection, The Bowers Museum of Cultural Art, USA, Santa Ana
 2009: Angels of Anarchy: Women Artists and Surrealism, Manchester Art Gallery, UK, Manchester
 2008: Arte Americas The Latin American Art Fair, Tresart, USA, Coral Gables 
 2008: Works from the Natasha and Jacques Gelman Collection of Modern Mexican Art, Irish Museum of Modern Art, Ireland, Dublin
 2008: Talismanic Lens, Frey Norris Gallery, San Francisco, CA (solo)
 2007: Surrealism: Dreams on Canvas, Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, NY
 2003: Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera and 20th Century Mexican Art: The Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection, National Museum of Mexican Art, Chicago, IL
 2001–2002: Surrealism: Desire Unbound, The Tate, London, England and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
 1999: Mirror Images: Women, Surrealism and Self-Representation, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA
Surrealism: Two Private Eyes/The Nesuhi Ertegun and Daniel Filipacchi Collections, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY
 1993: Regards des Femmes, Musée d'Art Moderne, Lieja, France
Sujeto-Objeto, Museo Regional de Guanajuato, Guanajuato y Museo de Monterrey, Moneterrey, Mexico
 1991: Galería de Arte del Auropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
Serpentine Gallery, London, England (solo)
Sainsbury, Norwich, England (solo)
Arnolfini, Bristol, England (solo)
The Mexican Museum, San Francisco, CA (solo)
 1990: Art Company, Leeds, England (solo)
Brewster Gallery, New York, NY (solo)
 1989: Museo Nacional de la Estampa, INBA, Mexico (solo)
 1987: Brewster Gallery, New York, NY (solo)
Art Space Mirage, Tokyo, Japan (solo)
Alexander Iolas Gallery, New York, NY (solo)
 1976: Leonora Carrington : a retrospective exhibition, Center for Inter-American Relations, New York City 
 1976: Leonora Carrington : a retrospective exhibition, University Art Museum, University of Texas at Austin 
 1970: Impressionism to Surrealism, Worthing Art Gallery, Worthing, England
 1969: The Surrealists, Byron Gallery, New York, NY
Galerie Pierre, Paris, France (solo)
Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, Sala Nacional, Mexico (solo)
Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
Galería de Arte Mexicano, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
 1968: Artistas Británicos en México 1800/1968, Instituto Anglo-Mexicano de Cultura, Mexico
 1967: IX Bienal de Pintura, São Paulo, Brazil
 1966: Surrealism: A State of Mind, Universidad de California, Santa Barbara, CA
Surrealismo y Arte Fantástico en México, Galeria Universitaria, Aristos, Mexico
1965: Galería Antonio Souza, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
Instituto Cultural Anglo-Mexicano, Mexico (solo)
Galería Clardecor, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
 1963: Pinturas de la colección de Edward James, Worthing Art Gallery, Worthing, England
 1961: El Retrato Mexicano Contemporáneo, Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City, Mexico
 1959: Eros Galerie, Daniel Cordier, Paris, France
 1956: Galería de Arte Mexicano, Mexico City, Mexico (solo)
 1943: Exhibition by 31 Women, the Art of This Century gallery, New York, NY
First Papers of Surrealism, Madison Avenue Gallery, New York, NY
20th Century Portraits, Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
 1942: Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, NY (solo)
 1938: Esposition du Surréalisme, Galerie Robert, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme, Galerie Beaux-Arts, Paris, France

Books 

 La Maison de la Peur, H. Parisot, 1938 – dengan ilustrasi oleh Max Ernst
 Down Below (VVV magazine, 1944) Reprinted by Black Swan Press in 1983 and New York Review of Books in 2017.
 Une chemise de nuit de flanelle, Libr. Les Pas Perdus, 1951, translated by Yves Bonnefoy, desain sampul oleh Max Ernst
 El Mundo Mágico de Los Mayas, Museo Nacional de Antropología, 1964 – ilustrasi oleh Leonora Carrington
 The Oval Lady: Surreal Stories (Capra Press, 1975)
 The Hearing Trumpet (Routledge, 1976); Penguin Books, Limited, 2005,  
 The Stone Door (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977)
 The Seventh Horse and Other Tales (Dutton, 1988)
 The House of Fear (Trans. K. Talbot and M. Warner. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1988)
 The Complete Stories of Leonora Carrington (Dorothy, a publishing project, 2017. Introduction by Kathryn Davis)

Karya seni 

 Self-Portrait (Inn of the Dawn Horse), 1936–1937, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Pierre and Maria-Gaetana Matisse Collection
 Portrait of Max Ernst, 1939 (koleksi pribadi)
 The Horses of Lord Candlestick, 1938 (koleksi pribadi)
 The Meal of Lord Candlestick, 1938
 The Inn of the Dawn Horse (Self-Portrait), 1939 (first major Surrealist work) Metropolitan Museum of Art
 The Kitchen Garden on the Eyot, 1946, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
 The Giantess (The Guardian of the Egg), 1947 (koleksi pribadin)
 The Old Maids, 1947, Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts University of East Anglia
 The Temptation of St. Anthony, 1947, Museo del Prado, Madrid
 The Bird Bath, 1974
 The Memory Tower, 1995, The Viktor Wynd Museum of Curiosities, Fine Art & Natural History, London
 Gatomaquia, 2009, Museo Leonora Carrington, México

Referensi 

Kematian 2011
Kelahiran 1917