Kincir air (penghasil energi)

Kincir air adalah sebuah mesin yang mengubah energi dari air mengalir atau air terjun menjadi bentuk energi yang bermanfaat, sering kali dalam kilang tenaga air. Kincir air terdiri dari sebuah roda (biasanya terbuat dari kayu atau logam)

Referensi

Catatan

Daftar pustaka 
 Soto Gary, Water Wheel. vol. 163. No. 4. (Jan., 1994), p. 197
 al-Hassani, S.T.S., Woodcock, E. and Saoud, R. (2006) 1001 inventions : Muslim heritage in our world, Manchester : Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation, 
 Allan. April 18, 2008. Undershot Water Wheel. Retrieved from http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/Hydro/UnderShot/WaterWheel.htm
 
 Glick, T.F. (1970) Irrigation and society in medieval Valencia, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 
 
 Hill, D.R. (1991) "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, 264 (5:May), p. 100-105
 
 Lewis, M.J.T. (1997) Millstone and Hammer: the origins of water power, University of Hull Press, 
 Morton, W.S. and Lewis, C.M. (2005) China: Its History and Culture, 4th Ed., New York : McGraw-Hill, 
 
 Needham, J. (1965) Science and Civilization in China – Vol. 4: Physics and physical technology – Part 2: Mechanical engineering, Cambridge University Press, 
 Nuernbergk, D.M. (2005) Wasserräder mit Kropfgerinne: Berechnungsgrundlagen und neue Erkenntnisse, Detmold : Schäfer, 
 Nuernbergk, D.M. (2007) Wasserräder mit Freihang: Entwurfs- und Berechnungsgrundlagen, Detmold : Schäfer, 
 Pacey, A. (1991) Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History, 1st MIT Press ed., Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT, 
 
 
 
 Reynolds, T.S. (1983) Stronger Than a Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel, Johns Hopkins studies in the history of technology: New Series 7, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 
 
 Shannon, R. 1997. Water Wheel Engineering. Retrieved from http://permaculturewest.org.au/ipc6/ch08/shannon/index.html .
 
 Syson, l. (1965) British Water-mills, London : Batsford, 176 p.

Pranala luar 

 Glossary of water wheel terms
 Essay/audio clip
 WaterHistory.org - Several articles concerning water wheels
 Computer simulation of an undershot water wheel
 Persian Wheel in India, 1814-1815 painting with explanatory text, at British Library website.
 Computer simulation of an overshot water wheel

Turbin air