Striga

Striga, adalah marga (genus) tumbuhan yang mencakup sekelompok gulma parasit tanaman pangan yang dijuluki sebagai "rumput setan". Dalam pustaka berbahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai witchweed atau witchers weed. Tumbuhan ini ditemukan di Afrika, Asia, dan Australia, terutama di kawasan beriklim tropis. Beberapa jenisnya merupakan organisme pengganggu tanaman yang serius karena tidak sekadar menjadi parasit tetapi juga menyebabkan penyakit tanaman pangan, terutama di kawasan pertanian savanna Afrika. Sebagai pengganggu, Striga telah menyebar pula ke benua Amerika. Striga merupakan tumbuhan yang sangat diawasi penyebarannya oleh jawatan-jawatan karantina di seluruh dunia.

Gangguan 
Jagung, sorgum, dan tebu adalah tanaman yang paling sering terganggu oleh striga, bahkan dapat menimbulkan kerugian 100%, termasuk di Amerika Serikat. Di Afrika, striga menjadi salah satu pengganggu terpenting. Sekitar 40% lahan savanna Afrika yang dapat digarap terkena dampak striga, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian sampai 13 miliar dollar AS per tahun.

Beberapa jenis 

 Striga asiatica has a very wide geographic distribution, from Africa through southern and eastern Asia to Australia. Since the 1950s, it is also known from the United States. This introduction, likely a result of human activity, resulted in an infestation of corn (maize) across many counties in North and South Carolina. The United States Department of Agriculture and state agencies imposed a quarantine on this area to control its spread - a process that was apparently successful.
 Striga gesnerioides, cowpea witchweed, as its name implies, is a parasite of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), which is not a grass, but a member of the legume family (Fabaceae or Leguminosae). This species was also accidentally introduced into Florida in the United States, where it was found parasitizing Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo, another legume).
 Striga hermonthica (purple witchweed) is also a parasite that affects grasses, particularly sorghum and pearl millet in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal to Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania, Angola, Namibia).
 Striga aequinoctialis West Africa
 Striga angolensis Angola
 Striga angustifolia East Africa, Asia, Indonesia
 Striga asiatica (Asiatic witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, Burma, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea, Australia (introduced?), USA (introduced)
 Striga aspera Africa
 Striga bilabiata Africa
 Striga brachycalyx Africa.
 Striga chrysantha Central Africa
 Striga dalzielii West Africa
 Striga elegans Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe
 Striga forbesii Africa, Madagascar
 Striga gastonii Chad, Central African Republic
 Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, USA (introduced)
 Striga gracillima Tanzania
 Striga hallaei Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo
 Striga hirsuta Madagascar
 Striga indica India
 Striga junodii South Africa, Mozambique
 Striga klingii West Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo
 Striga latericea East Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia
 Striga lepidagathidis Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau
 Striga lutea Sudan, Ethiopia
 Striga macrantha West Africa, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Togo
 Striga passargei West and Central Africa, Arabian peninsula
 Striga pinnatifida Ethiopia
 Striga primuloides Ivory Coast, Nigeria
 Striga pubiflora Somalia
 Striga yemenica Ethiopia

Galeri

Lihat pula 
 Push–pull technology

Sources

Bacaan lanjutan

Pranala luar 
 The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga Photo Gallery
 The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga asiatica in the USA
 Witchweed
 UN Development Programme
 Striga research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
 Parasitic Plants as Weeds 
 Striga weed control with herbicide-coated maize seed, CIMMYT 
 A recipe for Striga control in sub-saharan Africa 
 
 Facebook community page "Striga Research and Control"

Orobanchaceae
Tumbuhan parasit
Organisme pengganggu tanaman