Francis Spellman

Francis Joseph Spellman (4 Mei 1889 – 2 Desember 1967) adalah seorang uskup dan kardinal Gereja Katolik Amerika. Ia adalah Uskup Agung New York keenam dari 1939 sampai 1967, yang sebelumnya menjabat sebagai uskup auksilier Keuskupan Agung Boston (1932–39). Ia diangkat menjadi kardinal pada 1946.

Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan 
Francis Spellman lahir di Whitman, Massachusetts, dari pasangan William dan Ellen (née Conway) Spellman. Ayahnya (1858–1957), yang orangtuanya sendiri berpindah ke Amerika Serikat dari Clonmel dan Leighlinbridge di Irlandia, adalah seorang penjual bahan makanan. Sebagai anak sulung dari lima bersaudara, Francis memiliki dua saudara, Martin dan John, dan dua saudari, Marian dan Helene. Pada masa kecil, ia bertugas sebagai putra altar di Gereja Jiwa Kudus.

Referensi

Karya yang dikutip 
 Cardinal Spellman High School. n.d. An Historical Sketch of Cardinal Spellman High School. 
 Catholic Hierarchy (unofficial Website). n.d. Francis Joseph Cardinal Spellman. 
 Cooney, John. The American Pope: The Life and Times of Francis Cardinal Spellman. New York Times Books 1984.
 DeMarco, Donald. 800,000 Saved by Pius XII's 'Silence'.  Catholic Register, May 18, 1998.
 Epstein, Alessandra. 2001. Rebel With A Cause.  201 Magazine. Boston University, College of Communication.
 National Portrait Gallery. Pass the Lord and Praise the Ammunition.  Image of the satirical poster of Cardinal Spellman produced in 1967 by Edward Sorel.
 Robert I. Gannon: The Cardinal Spellman Story. New York, 1962.
 Loughery, John. 1998. The other side of silence: men's lives and gay identities: a twentieth century history. H. Holt.
 Miranda, Salvador. n.d. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. SPELLMAN, Francis Joseph. 
 New York Times. 1954-11-08. Huge Fund to Oust McCarthy Reported; PRIEST SEES MOVE TO OUST M'CARTHY". 
 New York Times. 1984, August 4. New book on Cardinal Spellman stirs controversy.
 O'Donnell, Edward T. Spellman leads crusade against communism. Irish Echo Online, 82(44), November 4–10, 2009.
 Quinn, Peter. New York's Catholic Century.  (essay) The New York Times, 2006-06-04.
 Signorile, Michelangelo. Cardinal Spellman's Dark Legacy.  New York Press, 2002-05-07.
 Thornton, Francis Beauchesne. 1963. Our American princes: the story of the seventeen American cardinals. Putnam. (chapter on Spellman pp. 201ff.)
 TIME. 1931-07-13. Everything is Promised. 
 TIME. 1932-08-15. Boston's Bishop. 
 TIME. 1932-09-19. Crosier & Mitre. 
 TIME. 1943-06-07. Odyssey for the Millennium. 
 TIME. 1949-03-14. Strike in the Graveyard. 
 TIME. 1959-04-11. Cardinal's Birthday. 
 TIME. 1959-05-11. Cardinal's Birthday. 
 TIME. 1967-12-08. The Master Builder.  (obituary of Cardinal Spellman)
 Truman Library. Eleanor & Harry: The Correspondence of Eleanor Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman. 1949.

Pranala luar 

 Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA , situs web resmi
 Archdiocese for the Military Services of the United States . GCatholic.org. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
 FBI file on Cardinal Spellman 
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York  Official Website

Kelahiran 1889
Kematian 1967