Bencana kelaparan

Bencana kelaparan atau paceklik () adalah sebuah bencana besar yang dikarenakan kurangnya bahan pangan di suatu wilayah. Efeknya tersebar luas, dan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh bencana kelaparan bisa bertahan selama berbulan-bulan, bahkan bertahun-tahun. Sering kali kelaparan juga disebabkan oleh bencana alam lain, seperti gempa atau tsunami yang menghancurkan seluruh wilayah, dan menyebabkan eksodus massal. Kematian karena kelaparan dan kekurangan gizi sangat menyakitkan, dan sering terjadi pada balita maupun lansia.

Definisi 
Menurut kriteria kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, bahkan jika ada kekurangan pangan dengan sejumlah besar orang yang kekurangan gizi, kelaparan dinyatakan hanya jika tindakan tertentu mengenai angka kematian, malnutrisi dan kelaparan terpenuhi. Kriterianya sebagai berikut:
 Sedikitnya 20% rumah tangga di daerah itu menghadapi kekurangan makanan ekstrim dengan kemampuan terbatas untuk mengatasinya
 Prevalensi malnutrisi akut pada anak-anak melebihi 30%
 Angka kematian melebihi dua orang per 10.000 orang per hari
Pernyataan kelaparan tersebut tidak membawa kewajiban yang mengikat pada PBB atau negara-negara anggota, namun berfungsi untuk memusatkan perhatian global pada masalah tersebut.

Lihat juga 
 Kabupaten Yahukimo, Papua
 Kelaparan
 Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian (FAO)
  Daftar bencana kelaparan

Sumber dan bacaan tambahan 
 Asimov, Isaac, Asimov's New Guide to Science, pp. 152–153, Basic Books, Inc.: 1984.
 Bhatia, B.M. (1985) Famines in India: A study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India with Special Reference to Food Problem, Delhi: Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
 
 Davis, Mike, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World, London, Verso, 2002 (Excerpt online.)
 Dutt, Romesh C. Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India, first published 1900, 2005 edition by Adamant Media Corporation, Elibron Classics Series, ISBN 1-4021-5115-2.
 Dutt, Romesh C. The Economic History of India under early British Rule, first published 1902, 2001 edition by Routledge, ISBN 0-415-24493-5
 
 Ganson, Nicholas, The Soviet Famine of 1946-47 in Global and Historical Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. (ISBN 0-230-61333-0)
 Genady Golubev and Nikolai Dronin, Geography of Droughts and Food Problems in Russia (1900–2000), Report of the International Project on Global Environmental Change and Its Threat to Food and Water Security in Russia (February, 2004).
 Greenough, Paul R., Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal. The Famine of 1943-1944, Oxford University Press 1982
 Harrison, G. Ainsworth.,Famine, Oxford University Press, 1988.
 LeBlanc, Steven, Constant battles: the myth of the peaceful, noble savage, St. Martin's Press (2003) argues that recurring famines have been the major cause of warfare since paleolithic times. ISBN 0-312-31089-7
 Lassa, Jonatan., "Famine, drought, malnutrition: Defining and fighting hunger." http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2006/07/03/famine-drought-malnutrition-defining-and-fighting-hunger.html . 3 July 2006.
 Middlebrook, Peter, When the Public Works: Generating Employment and Social Protection in Ethiopia, Lambert Academic Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-3-8383-0672-8
 Li, Lillian M. Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s-1990s (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press), 2007 ISBN 978-0-8047-5304-3.
 
 Mead, Margaret. “The Changing Significance of Food.” American Scientist. (March–April 1970). pp. 176–189.
 
 Moon, William. "Origins of the Great North Korean Famine." North Korean Review  
 Sen, Amartya, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982 via Questia via Oxford Press
 
 Srivastava, H.C., The History of Indian Famines from 1858–1918, Sri Ram Mehra and Co., Agra, 1968.
 Sommerville, Keith. Why famine stalks Africa, BBC, 2001
 Webb, Patrick. Famine. In Griffiths, M (ed.). Encyclopaedia of International Relations and Global Politics. London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 270–72.
 Woo-Cumings, Meredith, , ADB Institute Research Paper 31, January 2002.

Artikel referensi

Pranala luar 

 1980s Drought and Subsequent Food Crisis from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
 Morning Star Fishermen  And The Race Against Hunger
 United Nations World Food Programme Hunger relief against poverty and famine
 International Food Policy Research Institute Sustainable solutions for ending hunger
 Article  from Technorati on the Issue of Shrinking Arable Farmland and its Contribution to Food shortages and high food prices
 In Depth: Africa's Food Crisis, BBC News
  (Peter Middlebrook)
 Overfarming African Land Is Worsening Hunger Crisis - New York Times
 Food Security: A Review of Literature from Ethiopia to India (Geopolicity) 
 Famine Crimes in International Law . David Marcus, The American Journal of International Law, 2003.
 The Real Causes of Famine - Time Magazine