Consolidated B-24 Liberator

Consolidated B-24 Liberator adalah pesawat pembom berat Amerika Serikat yang dirancang oleh Consolidated Aircraft yang berbasis di San Diego, California. Pesawat ini dikenal oleh perusahaan itu dengan nama Model 32, dan beberapa model awal ditetapkan sebagai model eksport yang ditunjuk sebagai aneka macam LB-30s, di kategori rancangan Pembom Darat.

Pada awalnya, B-24 adalah rancangan modern yang memiliki sayap Davis yang terpasang di bahu yang sangat efisien dan beraspek rasio tinggi. Sayap ini memberikan Liberator kecepatan jelajah tinggi, jarak jauh dan kemampuan untuk membawa muatan bom berat. Liberator RAF awal adalah pesawat pertama yang dapat melintasi Samudera Atlantik secara rutin. Namun, tipe ini sulit diterbangkan dan memiliki unjuk kerja kecepatan rendah yang buruk. Pesawat ini juga memiliki langit-langit yang lebih rendah dan kurang kuat dibanding pesawat serupa yang jauh lebih dikenal, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. Sementara awak udara cenderung memilih B-17, Staf Jenderal menyukai B-24, dan mendapatinya untuk berbagai peran yang luas.

B-24 digunakan secara luas di Perang Dunia II. Pesawat ini melayani setiap cabang dari angkatan darat Amerika Serikat, sebagaimana sejumlah angkatan udara dan laut Sekutu, dan digunakan di setiap teater operasi. Bersama dengan B-17, B-24 adalah andalan Amerika Serikat dalam kampanye pengeboman strategis di teater Eropa Barat. Disebabkan oleh jaraknya, pesawat ini terbukti ampuh di operasi pengeboman di Pasifik, termasuk pengeboman Jepang. Liberator jarak jauh anti-kapal selam memainkan peran instrumental di penutupan Mid-Atlantic Gap di Pertempuran Atlantik. Turunan transportasi C-87 melayani sebagai pesawat serupa dengan Douglas C-47 Skytrain dengan jarak yang lebih jauh dan kapasitas yang lebih tinggi.

B-24 diproduksi dalam jumlah yang sangat besar, hampir 19.000 unit, dengan lebih dari 8.000 dirakit oleh Ford Motor Company. Pesawat ini memiliki keuinikan karena merupakan pesawat pembom paling banyak diproduksi sepanjang sejarah, pesawat mesin-jamak yang paling banyak diproduksi dalam sejarah, dan pesawat militer Amerika Serikat yang paling banyak diproduksi.

Di akhir Perang Dunia II, Liberator telah dilampaui oleh tipe yang lebih modern seperti Boeing B-29 Superfortress. Tipe ini dengan cepat dihapus dari layanan Amerika Serikat, meskipun turunannya PB4Y-2 Privateer melayani Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat di Perang Korea.

Spesifikasi (B-24J)

Lihat juga

Referensi

Catatan

Catatan kaki

Daftar pustaka 

 Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
 Axworthy, Mark. Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941-1945. London: Arms & Armour, First edition 1995. ISBN 978-1-85409-267-0.
 Birdsall, Steve. The B-24 Liberator. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1968. ISBN 0-668-01695-7.
 Birdsall, Steve. B-24 Liberator In Action (Aircraft number 21). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1975. ISBN 0-89747-020-6.
 Birdsall, Steve. Log of the Liberators. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1973. ISBN 0-385-03870-4.
 Blue, Allan G. The B-24 Liberator, A Pictorial History. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1976. ISBN 0-7110-0630-X.
 Bowman, Martin. The B-24 Liberator 1939–1945. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Wensum Books Ltd, 1979. ISBN 0-903619-27-X.
 Bowman, Martin. Combat Legend: B-24 Liberator. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2003. ISBN 1-84037-403-9.
 Craven, Wesley and James Lea Cate. US Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. I: Plans & Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942 . Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1949.
 Currier, Donald R. Lt. Col. (Ret). 50 Mission Crush. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Burd Street Press, 1992. ISBN 0-942597-43-5.
 Davis, Larry. B-24 Liberator in Action (Aircraft number 80). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987. ISBN 0-89747-190-3.
 Donald, David, general editor. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
 Dorr, Robert F. and Jon Lake. "Warplane Classic: Consolidated B-24 Liberator: Part 1". International Air Power Review, Volume4, Spring 2002. Norwalk: Connecticut, USA: Airtime Publishing, pp. 126–163. .
 Ethell, L. Jeffrey. Aircraft of World War II. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995. ISBN 0-00-470849-0.
 Freeman, Roger. B-24 at War. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1983. ISBN 0-7110-1264-4.
 Freeman, Roger. Mighty Eighth War Manual. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1984. ISBN 0-7106-0325-8.
 Gann, Ernest K. Fate Is The Hunter. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986. ISBN 0-671-63603-0.
 Gilman, J. D. and J. Clive. KG 200. London: Pan Books Ltd., 1978. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
 Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Air Power in World War 2. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland, Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-85780-304-4.
 Green, William. Famous Bombers of the Second World War. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1975. ISBN 0-385-12467-8.
 Hillenbrand, Laura. Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption. New York: Random House, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4000-6416-8.
 Isemongers, Lawrence.The Men Who Went to Warsaw. Nelspruit, UK: Freeworld Publications, 2002, ISBN 0-9584388-4-6.
 Job, Macarthur. "Misadventure at Mauritius." Flight Safety Magazine, January–February 2000.
 Johnsen, Frederick A. Consolidated B-24 Liberator (WarbirdTech Volume 1). North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58007-054-X.
 Johnsen, Frederick A. B-24 Liberator: Combat and Development History of the Liberator and Privateer. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1993. ISBN 0-87938-758-0.
 Johnsen, Frederick A. Bombers in Blue: PB4Y-2 Privateers and PB4Y-1 Liberators. Tacoma, Washington: Bomber Books, 1979. No ISBN.
 Levine, Alan J. The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1992. ISBN 0-275-94319-4.
 Lord, Walter. Incredible Victory. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. ISBN 1-58080-059-9.
 March, Daniel J., ed. British Warplanes of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-874023-92-1.
 McDowell, Ernest and Richard Ward. Consolidated B-24D-M Liberator in USAAF-RAF-RAAF-MLD-IAF-CzechAF & CNAF Service, PB4Y-1/2 Privateer in USN-USMC-Aeronavale & CNAF Service. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1969. ISBN 0-668-02115-2.
 Nelmes, Michael V. Tocumwal to Tarakan. Australians and the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. Belconnen, Australia: Banner Books, 1994. ISBN 1-875593-04-7.
 Moyes, Philip J. R. Consolidated B-24 Liberator (Early Models). Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-905469-70-4.
 North, Tony and Mike Bailey. Liberator Album, B-24's of the 2nd Air Division 8th Air Force. Volume 1: The 20th. Combat Bomb Wing. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Tony North, 1979. No ISBN.
 North, Tony and Mike Bailey. Liberator Album, B-24's of the 2nd Air Division 8th Air Force. Volume 2: The 14th. Combat Bomb Wing. Norwich, Norfolk, UK: Tony North, 1981. No ISBN.
 Odgers, George. Air War Against Japan 1943–1945 (Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3– Air).  Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1968.
 O'Leary, Michael. Consolidated B-24 Liberator. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-023-4.
 Parnell, Ben. Carpetbaggers America's Secret War in Europe. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press, 1987, revised edition 1993. ISBN 978-0-89015-592-9.
 Robertson, Bruce. British Military Aircraft Serials: 1878–1987. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1998. ISBN 978-0-904597-61-5.
 Scearce, Phil. Finish Forty and Home: The Untold World War II Story of B-24s in the Pacific. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-57441-316-8.
 Shacklady, Edward. Classic WWII Aviation: Consolidated B-24. Bristol, UK: Cerberus Publishing Ltd., 2002. ISBN 1-84145-106-1.
 Shores, Christopher, "History of the Royal Canadian Air Force", Toronto, Royce Publications, 1984, ISBN 0-86124-160-6.
 Taylor, John W. R. "Consolidated B-24/PB4 Y Liberator." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
 Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1968. ISBN 0-385-04134-9.
 Ward, Richard and Eric A. Munday. USAAF Heavy Bomb Group Markings & Camouflage 1941–1945, Consolidated Liberator. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-128-0.
 Weal, John. Bf 109 Defence of the Reich Aces. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2006. ISBN 1-84176-879-0.
 Wegg, John. General Dynamic Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-833-X.
 Wilson, Stewart. Boston, Mitchell & Liberator in Australian Service. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1992. ISBN 1-875671-00-5.
 Wilson, Stewart. Military Aircraft of Australia. Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1994. ISBN 1-875671-08-0.
 Winchester, Jim. "Consolidated B-24 Liberator." Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile. Hoo, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. ISBN 1-84013-639-1.

Pranala luar 

 (1942) Flight Manual B-24D Airplane
 Consolidated B-24A page
 Consolidated B-24D page, USAF National Museum
 WWII photos of the 7th AAF Heavy Bombardment Group Liberators
 SP-468 Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft, NASA 
 Warbirds Resource Group USAAF Resource Center – B-24 Liberator
 Warbird Registry – B-24 Liberator – the history of those B-24s that survived military service
 Liberator II Flight 1942
 "The Liberator," Popular Science, 1943 – photos, drawings, etc. on the B-24
 "Look Out Hitler, Here Comes The Flood," Popular Science, 1943 – very large and detailed article on the manufacturing of the B-24
 Willow Run Bomber Plant, WW 2 film about production of the B-24 at the Willow Run bomber plant 
 A spherical panoramic look inside a B-24J: 'Witchcraft'
 Navy Libs – Naval Liberator and Privateer Naval Variant: PB4Y-1 "Liberator" (Split Tail) / PB4Y-2 "Privateer" (Single Tail)