Orang Kalmyk

Kalmuk (Kalmuk: Хальмгуд, Khal’mgud, Mongolia: Халимаг, Khalimag) adalah sebuah suku bangsa Oirat di Rusia, yang leluhurnya bermigrasi dari Dzungaria pada 1607. Mereka membuat Khanat Kalmuk pada 1630–1724 di wilayah Kaukasus Utara Rusia. Sekarang, mereka membentuk mayoritas di republik otonomi Kalmykia di pesisir barat Laut Kaspia.

Melalui emigrasi, komunitas Kalmuk kecil berada di Amerika Serikat, Prancis, Jerman, dan Republik Ceko.

Daftar tokoh Kalmuk terkenal

Tokoh politik 
 Vladimir Lenin
 Ilya Ulyanov
 Oka Gorodovikov
 Lavr Kornilov

Khan Kalmuk 
 Kho Orluk
 Shukhur Daichin — 1654-1661
 Puntsug (Monchak) — 1661-1669
 Ayuka Khan — 1669-1724
 Tseren Donduk Khan — 1724-1735
 Donduk Ombo Khan — 1735-1741
 Donduk Dashi Khan — 1741-1761
 Ubashi Khan — 1761-1771

Referensi

Daftar pustaka 
 Adelman, Fred. Kalmyk Cultural Renewal, PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania,1960.
 Anonymous. Donskaia Oblast, Donskoi Pervyi Okrug, Donskoi Vtoroi Okrug (translation: The Don Region, First Don District, Second Don District), Novyi Entsliklopedicheskii Solvar, XVI, 1914.
 Anuchin, D. "Kalmyki", Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar Brokgauz-Efrona, XIV, St. Petersburg, 1914.
 Arbakov, Dorzha. Genocide in the USSR, Chapter II, Complete Destruction of National Groups as Groups, The Kalmyks, Nikolai Dekker and Andrei Lebed, Editors, Series I, No. 40, Institute for the Study of the USSR, Munich, 1958.
 Borisov, T.K. Kalmykiya; a historic-political and socio-economic survey, Moscow-Leningrad, 1926.
 Bormanshinov, Arash. The Kalmyks: Their Ethnic, Historical, Religious, and Cultural Background, Kalmyk American Cultural Association, Occasional Papers Number One, 1990.
 Bretschneider, E.V. Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources, 2 vols., London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1910.
 
 Dzhimbinov, B. Sovetskaia Kalmykiia, Moscow, 1940.
 Grin, François. Kalmykia: From Oblivion to Assertion, European Center or Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper #10, 2000.
 Grousset, René. The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1970.
 Halkovic, Jr., Stephen A. THE MONGOLS OF THE WEST, Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, Volume 148, Larry Moses, Editor, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1985.
 Haslund, Henning. MEN AND GODS IN MONGOLIA, National Travel Club, New York, E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1935.
 Heller, Mikhail and Nekrich, Aleksandr M. Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present, Summit Books, 1988.
 Krader, Lawrence. Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads, Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, Vol. 20., 1963.
 Khodarkovsky, Michael. Where Two Worlds Met: The Russian State and the Kalmyk Nomads 1600–1771, Cornell University Press, 1992.
 Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Wozniak, Tomasz Grzybowski and Ilya Zakharov. Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels
 Loewenthal, Rudolf. THE KALMUKS AND OF THE KALMUK ASSR: A Case in the Treatment of Minorities in the Soviet Union, External Research Paper No. 101, Office of Intelligence Research, Department of State, September 5, 1952.
 
 Pallas, Peter Simon. , 2 vols., St. Petersburg: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1776.
 Pelliot, Paul. Notes sur le Turkestan, T'oung Pao, XXVII, 1930.
 Poppe, Nicholas N. The Mongolian Language Handbook, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1970.
 Pozdneev, A.M. Kalmytskoe Verouchenie, Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar Brokgauz-Efrona, XIV, St. Petersburg, 1914.
 Riasanovsky, V.A. Customary Law of the Mongol Tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks), Harbin, 1929
 Williamson, H.N.H. FAREWELL TO THE DON: The Russian Revolution in the Journals of Brigadier H.N.H. Williamson, John Harris, Editor, The John Day Company, New York, 1970.
 Wang Jinglan, Shao Xingzhou, Cui Jing et al. Anthropological survey on the Mongolian Tuerhute tribe in He shuo county, Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region // Acta anthropologica sinica. Vol. XII, № 2. May, 1993. pp. 137–146.
 
 Санчиров В. П. О Происхождении этнонима торгут и народа, носившего это название // Монголо-бурятские этнонимы: cб. ст. – Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 1996. C. 31–50.
 Galushkin S.K., Spitsyn V.A., Crawford M.H. Genetic Structure of Mongolic-speaking Kalmyks // Human Biology, December 2001, v.73, no. 6, pp. 823–834.
 Хойт С.К. Генетическая структура европейских ойратских групп по локусам ABO, RH, HP, TF, GC, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, GLO1, SOD-A // Проблемы этнической истории и культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Сборник научных трудов. Вып. I. Элиста: КИГИ РАН, 2009. с. 146–183.
 [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII–XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220–243.]
 [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215–245.]

Pranala luar 
 Minorityrights.org
 The Construction of a Yurt
 Khoshotovsky Monastery Reconstruction Project
 "Carte de Tartarie," by Guillaume de L'Isle (1675–1726). From the Map Collection of the Library of Congress
 Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Russia (Europe)
 BBC News Regions and Territories: Kalmykia
 Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of China
 Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Mongolia
 Prayer Profile: The Kalmyk of Russia
 Kalmyk. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 7, 2006.
 History of Kalmykia. Retrieved from Official Web Site of the Government of the Republic of Kalmykia 
 Трагедия Великой Степи (Tragedy of Great Steppe) 
 Genetic Evidence for the Mongolian Ancestry of Kalmyks, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126 (2005)
 ibid., p7.
 Official Web Site of the Embassy of Republic of Kalmykia at the President of the Russian Federation.
 Dge-lugs-pa. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
 Tibetan Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
 History of Buddhism in West Turkistan
 Europe's biggest Buddhist temple opens in Kalmykia
 Linguistic Lineage for Kalmyk-Oirat
 Kalmyk News Agency
 The proof of business life of Kalmykia 
 The Kalmyk between China and Russia
 Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI)'s Centre for Russian Studies Kalmykiya page 
 Kalmyk Buddhist Temple in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (1929–1944);
 US Library of Congress Country Studies: Russia, The North Caucasus
 Web-Portal of the Interregional Not-for-Profit Organization "The Leaders of Kalmykia" 
 Kalmyk Brotherhood Society, Philadelphia, PA 
 Kalmyk American Society
 Kalmuck Mongolian Buddhist Center, Howell, NJ 
 Kalmyk tales in Kalmyk language 

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