Orang Jerman Amerika

Kelompok etnis Jerman Amerika () terdiri dari orang-orang yang memiliki darah Jerman secara menyeluruh atau sebagian. Kelompok etnis tersebut merupakan kelompok etnis terbesar di Amerika Serikat, yang terdiri dari sekitar 50 juta orang. Kelompok tersebut terdiri dari sekitar  dari diaspora Jerman di dunia.

Tidak ada negara-negara Jerman yang memiliki koloni Amerika. Pada 1670an, kelompok-kelompok imigran Jerman signifikan pertama datang ke koloni-koloni Britania, utamanya bermukim di New York dan Pennsylvania. Imigrasi berlanjut dalam jumlah yang sangat besar pada abad ke-19, dengan delapan juga orang datang dari Jepang. Pada pertengahan abad kesembilan belas (antara 1820 sampai 1870) lebih dari tujuh setengah juta imigran datang ke Amerika Serikat — lebih dari dua kali lipatnya populasi di negara asalnya. Pada 2010, populasi mereka bertumbuh menjadi 49.8 juta warga negara, menandakan penambahan 6 juta orang sejak 2000.

Jerman Amerika mendirikan taman kanak-kanak pertama di Amerika Serikat, memperkenalkan tradisi pohon Natal, dan mempelopori makanan-makanan Amerika populer seperti hot dog dan hamburger.

Referensi

Daftar pustaka 

 "German-Americans: The silent minority," The Economist Feb. 7, 2015, With a statistical map by counties
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 Barry, Colman J. The Catholic Church and German Americans. (1953).
 Brancaforte, Charlotte L., ed. The German Forty-Eighters in the United States. (1989).
 Coburn, Carol K. Life at Four Corners: Religion, Gender, and Education in a German-Lutheran Community, 1868–1945. (1992).
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 Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Immigrant Milwaukee, 1836–1860: Accommodation and Community in a Frontier City. (1976).
 DeWitt, Petra. Degrees of Allegiance: Harassment and Loyalty in Missouri's German-American Community during World War I (Ohio University Press, 2012).
 Dobbert, Guido A. "German-Americans between New and Old Fatherland, 1870–1914". American Quarterly 19 (1967): 663–680.
 Efford, Alison Clark. German Immigrants: Race and Citizenship in the Civil War Era. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
 Ellis, M. and P. Panayi. "German Minorities in World War I: A Comparative Study of Britain and the USA", Ethnic and Racial Studies 17 (April 1994): 238–259.
 Emmerich, Alexander. John Jacob Astor and the First Great American Fortune. (2013); Astor (1763-1848) came to the US in 1783
 Ernst, Robert. Immigrant Life in New York City, 1825-1863 (1949), detailed coverage of Germans and Irish.
 Faust, Albert Bernhardt. The German Element in the United States with Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence. 2 vol (1909). vol. 1, vol. 2
 Fogleman, Aaron. Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717–1775 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996) online
 German Historical Institute. Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present. (2010, updated continually)
 Gross, Stephen John. "Handing down the farm: Values, strategies, and outcomes in inheritance practices among rural German Americans", Journal of Family History, (1996) 21: 2, 192–217.
 Grubb, Farley.  German Immigration and Servitude in America, 1709–1920 (Routledge Explorations in Economic History) (2011).
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 Johnson, Hildegard B. "The Location of German Immigrants in the Middle West". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 41 (1951): 1–41.
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 Kamphoefner, Walter D. and Wolfgang Helbich, eds. German-American Immigration and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective. Madison, Wisconsin: Max Kade Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison (2004).
 Kamphoefner, Walter D., "Uprooted or Transplanted? Reflections on Patterns of German Immigration to Missouri," Missouri Historical Review, 103 (Jan. 2009), 71-89.
 Kamphoefner, Walter D. "Immigrant Epistolary and Epistemology: On the Motivators and Mentality of Nineteenth-Century German Immigrants." Journal of American Ethnic History (2009): 34-54. in JSTOR, on deep-reading their letters
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 Ritter, Luke, "Sunday Regulation and the Formation of German American Identity in St. Louis, 1840–1860," Missouri Historical Review, (2012), vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 23–40.
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 Schlossman, Steven L. "Is there an American tradition of bilingual education? German in the public elementary schools, 1840-1919." American Journal of Education (1983): 139-186. in JSTOR
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 Turk, Eleanor L. "Germans in Kansas: Review Essay". Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 28 (Spring 2005): 44–71.
 van Ravenswaay, Charles. The Arts and Architecture of German Settlements in Missouri: A Survey of a Vanishing Culture (1977; reprint University of Missouri Press, 2006).
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 Wittke, Carl Frederick. Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America. (1952).
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 Wood, Ralph, ed. The Pennsylvania Germans. (1942).
 Zeitlin, Richard. Germans in Wisconsin. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin (2000).

Historiografi 
 Hustad, Bradley Jake. "Problems in Historiography: The Americanization of German Ethnics." (MA thesis, Mankato State University, 2013). online
 Kazal, Russell A. "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept". American Historical Review 100 (1995): 437–71.
 Ortlepp, Anke. "Deutsch-Athen Revisited: Writing the History of Germans in Milwaukee" in Margo Anderson and Victor Greene (eds.), Perspectives on Milwaukee's Past. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
 Miller, Zane L. "Cincinnati Germans and the Invention of an Ethnic Group", Queen City Heritage: The Journal of the Cincinnati Historical Society 42 (Fall 1984): 13–22.

Sumber primer 
 Kamphoefner, Walter D., and Wolfgang Helbich (Eds.). Germans in the Civil War; The Letters They Wrote Home. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
 Kamphoefner, Walter D., Wolfgang Johannes Helbich and Ulrike Sommer (Eds.). News from the Land of Freedom: German Immigrants Write Home. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
  (English translations of selected German-language newspaper articles, 1855-1938).

Dalam bahasa Jerman 
 Emmerich, Alexander. Geschichte der Deutschen in Amerika von 1680 bis in die Gegenwart. (2013).
 Rehs, Michael. Wurzeln in fremder Erde: Zur Geschichte der südwestdeutschen Auswanderung nach Amerika DRW-Verlag, 1984. ISBN 3-87181-231-5

Pranala luar

Sejarah dan budaya Jerman-Amerika 
 Chronology: Germans in America
 German Immigrant Culture in America: Syllabus (1998) 
 Emigrant Letters to Germany (in German)
 Why There Are So Many German Americans in the US
 Famous Americans of German, Austrian, or German-Swiss Ancestry 
 German-American Hall of Fame 
 How German Is American? 
 The German-Hollywood Connection

Organisasi Jerman-Amerika 
 German American Heritage Center
 Germans from Russia Heritage Society
 The Max Kade Institute for German-American Studies
 The Germantown Historical Society (Philadelphia)
 The German Society of Pennsylvania (oldest German Society in the U.S.)
 The Pennsylvania German Society
 Pennsylvania German Cultural Heritage Center 
 Indiana German Heritage Society
 Max Kade German-American Research and Resource Center

Sejarah dan budaya Jerman-Amerika lokal 
 Germans in Chicago
 German Traces NYC from the Goethe-Institut
 Interactive German-History Map of Pittsburgh
 Zinzinnati History (Cincinnati, Ohio) 
 Milwaukee German-American Radio Program
 Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh
 Some German Contributions to Wisconsin Life 
 Deutschtown (East Allegheny), Pittsburgh, PA 

 
Tokoh Amerika Serikat keturunan Jerman
Amerika
Masyarakat Eropa-Amerika
Tokoh Amerika Serikat