Debat mengenai pengeboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki

Debat mengenai pengeboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki terkait dengan kontroversi etika, legal dan militer pengeboman atom Hiroshima dan Nagasaki yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 6 Agustus dan 9 Agustus 1945 demi mengakhiri Perang Dunia Kedua (1939–45). Di satu sisi dianggap sudah tepat karena terbukti membuat Jepang menyerah, tetapi di sisi yang lain dianggap tidak tepat karena banyaknya korban sipil yang berjatuhan berjatuhan tapi bom ini sangat efektif untuk membuat Jepang menyerah dan menghindari perang total diatas tanah Jepang dalam Operation Downfall. Sebelum Amerika menjatuhkan duo bom atom tersebut ke Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, para jendral, ahli militer dan petinggi-petinggi lainnya di kubu Amerika sudah menyusun strategi dan menghitung untuk menguasai Jepang secara skala penuh melalui sebuah serbuan besar-besaran keatas daratan Jepang.

Dari hitung-hitungan yang berdasarkan jumlah kekuatan, luas wilayah, step-step wilayah yang harus dilalui, metodenya, serta sospolbud dari penduduk Jepang, Amerika memperkirakan jumlah korban dari kedua sisi akan sangat besar, Amerika sendiri memperkirakan ratusan ribu pasukannya akan menjadi korban, sementara di Jepang sendiri, jutaan manusia baik dari militer, pemerintahan, sampai sipil akan menjadi korban kalau dilihat dari militansi masyarakatnya, singkat kata Amerika menggunakan bom Atom untuk memberi peringatan terakhir sebelum perang skala penuh diluncurkan.

Referensi 
Catatan

Daftar pustaka

Bacaan tambahan 
 
Concludes the bombings were justified.
 
Weighs whether the bombings were justified or necessary, concludes they were not.
 
Weighs whether the bombings were justified or necessary.
 
"The thing had to be done", but "Circumstances are heavy with misgiving."
 
Explains the conflicts and debates within the Japanese government from the onset of World War II until surrender. Concludes the bombings were justified.

 
Concludes that the bombs were not only necessary, but legally and morally acceptable (1966 reprint).

 
Major work, concludes that the bombs were morally reprehensible, but influential on the surrender and understandable given the circumstances.

 
Exceedingly Orthodox article, defends the bomb but not a serious academic work.

 
Philosophical/moral discussion concerning the Allied strategy of area bombing in World War II, including the use of atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 
Concludes that the atomic bombings were unnecessary. Challenges the view that that the atomic bombings were necessary to end the Pacific War and save lives.
 
Argues the bombs were not the deciding factor in ending the war. The Russian entrance into the Pacific war was the primary cause for Japan's surrender.
 
Here he sharpens his earlier view that the Russian entrance into the Pacific war was the primary cause for Japan's surrender.
 
Author is a diplomatic historian who favors Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs.
 
An analysis critical of postwar opposition to the atom bombings.
 
Covers the controversy over the content of the 1995 Smithsonian Institution exhibition associated with the display of the Enola Gay; includes complete text of the planned (and canceled) exhibition.

Pranala luar 
 Hiroshima: Was It Necessary?
 Reflections of a Far East Prisoner of War on the use of the atomic bombs
 Annotated bibliography on the decision to use the atomic bombs on Japan —The Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
 Unconditional Surrender, Demobilization, and the Atomic Bomb  by Michael D. Pearlman U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-1352
 "The Obliteration of Hiroshima" , Stephen R. Shalom (from New Politics, vol. 6, no. 1 (new series), whole no. 21, Summer 1996)
 Hiroshima: the 'White Man's Bomb' revisited: Dropping the Bomb on Japan was the final act of a bitter race war in the Pacific.  by Mick Hume, Spiked, 2 August 2005. Abridged version of a 1995 article in Living Marxism.
 Yuki Tanaka and Richard Falk, "The Atomic Bombing, The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Shimoda Case: Lessons for Anti-Nuclear Legal Movements", The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 44-3-09, 2 November 2009.
 Record of private talk between Winston Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin after the Plenary Session on 17 July 1945 at Potsdam
 The Enola Gay Controversy - About - Overview
 International Peoples' Tribunal on the Dropping of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 
 
 

Kontroversi
Kontroversi di Amerika Serikat