Joseph Dalton Hooker

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker  (30 Juni 1817 – 10 Desember 1911) adalah salah satu botanis dan petualang terbaik Britania pada abad ke-19. Hooker adalah pendiri botani geografi, dan teman akrab Charles Darwin. Ia adalah Direktur Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, selama dua puluh tahun, untuk menggantikan ayahnya, William Jackson Hooker, dan mendapatkan penghargaan tertinggi ilmu pengetahuan Britania.

Biografi

Tahun-tahun awal 
Hooker lahir di Halesworth, Suffolk, Inggris. Ia adalah putra kedua dari botanis terkenal Sir William Jackson Hooker, Profesor Regius Botani, dan Maria Sarah Turner, putri sulung dari banker Dawson Turner dan saudara ipar dari Francis Palgrave.

Pernikahan dan anak 
Pada tahun 1851 ia menikahi Frances Harriet Henslow (1825–1874), putri dari John Stevens Henslow. Mereka memiliki empat putra dan tiga putri:

 William Henslow Hooker (1853–1942)
 Harriet Anne Hooker (1854–1945) menikahi William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
 Charles Paget Hooker (1855–1933)
 Maria Elizabeth Hooker (1857–1863) meninggal pada usia 6 tahun.
 Brian Harvey Hodgson Hooker (1860–1932)
 Reginald Hawthorn Hooker (1867–1944) ahli statistik
 Grace Ellen Hooker (1868–1955)

Setelah istri pertama-nya wafat pada tahun 1874, pada tahun 1876 ia menikahi Hyacinth Jardine (1842–1921), putri dari William Samuel Symonds dan janda dari Sir William Jardine. Mereka memiliki dua putra:
 Joseph Symonds Hooker (1877–1940)
 Richard Symonds Hooker (1885–1950).

Daftar pustaka 
 1844–1859: Flora Antarctica: the botany of the Antarctic voyage. 3 vols, 1844 (utama), 1853 (Selandia Baru), 1859 (Tasmania). Reeve, London.
 1864–1867: Handbook of the New Zealand flora
 1849: Niger flora
 1849–1851: The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya
 1854: Himalayan Journals, or notes of a naturalist, in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, Khasia Mountains ...
 1855: Illustrations of Himalayan plants
 1855: Flora indica, bersama Thomas Thomson
 1858: bersama George Bentham, Handbook of the British flora. ("Bentham & Hooker")
 1859: A century of Indian orchids
 1859: Introductory Essay to the Flora of Australia
 1862–1883: bersama George Bentham, Genera plantarum
 
 1870; 1878: The student's flora of the British Isles. Macmillan, London.
 1872–1897: The Flora of British India
 
 1898–1900: Handbook to the Ceylon flora
 1904–1906: An epitome to the British Indian species of Impatiens

Referensi

Bacaan tambahan 
 Huxley, Leonard 1918. Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM GCSI. London, Murray.
 Turrill W.B. 1953. Pioneer plant geography: the phytogeographical researches of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. The Hague.
 Turrill W.B. 1959. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, past and present. London.
 Turrill W.B. 1963. Joseph Dalton Hooker: botanist, explorer and administrator. Nelson, London.
 Allen, Mea 1967. The Hookers of Kew 1785–1911.
 Desmond, Ray 2006. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker: traveller and plant collector. Antique Collectors Club, Suffolk.
 Endersby, Jim 2008. Imperial nature: Joseph Hooker and the practices of Victorian science. Chicago.

Pranala luar 

 The Joseph Hooker Correspondence Project.  Hooker's letters from the Kew Gardens' archive available online.
 

 Darwin-Hooker Correspondence Digitised version of Hooker's correspondence with Darwin on the Cambridge Digital Library
 Joseph Dalton Hooker Joseph Dalton Hooker's work on orchids
 "Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1817–1911)" Botanicus, Missouri Botanical Garden Library
 A website dedicated to J D Hooker
 
 Gutenberg e-text of Hooker's Himalayan Journals
 Several scanned books at http://gallica.bnf.fr
 Works by Joseph Dalton Hooker at the Biodiversity Heritage Library
 Correspondence to Joseph Dalton Hooker as Director of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is being made available online through the Directors' Correspondence Project .

Kelahiran 1817
Kematian 1911
Ahli botani Inggris