Spiritual (musik)

Spirituals (atau Spiritual negro) adalah musik-musik keagamaan (utamanya Kristen) yang dibuat oleh budak orang Afrika di Amerika Serikat.

Terminologi dan asal mula 
Istilah spiritual berasal dari musik spiritual.  berkata: "dan berkata-katalah seorang kepada yang lain dalam mazmur, kidung puji-pujian dan nyanyian rohani. Bernyanyi dan bersoraklah bagi Tuhan dengan segenap hati."

Lihat pula 
 Sejarah perbudakan di Amerika Serikat
 Deep River Boys
 Musik keagamaan
 Musik Afrika-Amerika
 Musik injil

Catatan kaki

Bacaan tambahan 
 William Eleazar Barton (1899/1972), Old Plantation Hymns: A Collection of Hitherto Unpublished Melodies of the Slave and the Freeman, with Historical and Descriptive Notes, reprint, New York: AMS Press.
 Marc A. Bauch: Extending the Canon: Thomas Wentworth Higginson and African-American Spirituals (Munich, Germany, 2013)
 Nash, Elizabeth (2007). "Autobiographical Reminiscences of African-American Classical Singers, 1853-Present". Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-5250-8

Pranala luar 
 The Spirituals Project
 Sweet Chariot: the story of the spirituals 
 Fisk Jubilee Singers
 Marian Anderson: A Life in Song 
 Historical Notes on African American melodies, including 75 Negro spirituals with downloadable arrangements for solo instrument
 Free Gospel scores

Contoh rekaman 
 
 Gordon Collection; performed by unknown persons in the Bay Area of California in the early 1920s
  of "Deep Down in My Heart", from the Library of Congress' Gordon Collection; performed by W. M. Givens in Darien, Georgia, on about March 19, 1926

Genre musik Kristen
Genre musik injil
Perbudakan di Amerika Serikat
Sejarah kebudayaan Afrika-Amerika