Neil deGrasse Tyson

Neil deGrasse Tyson () adalah astrofisikawan dan komunikator ilmu pengetahuan Amerika Serikat. Ia adalah kepala Hayden Planetarium di Rose Center for Earth and Space. Semenjak tahun 2006, Neil deGrasse Tyson membawakan acara televisi NOVA scienceNOW di PBS, dan sering kali tampil dalam The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, dan Jeopardy, dan sekarang membawakan acara Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey milik National Geographic Channel.

Gambaran Umum 
Tyson dilahirkan di Manhattan, New York dan sudah tertarik pada astronomi sejak berusia sembilan tahun, setelah mengunjungi Planetarium Hayden. Setelah lulus dari The Bronx High School of Science, ia melanjutkan kuliah di Harvard University pada tahun 1980. Setalah menerima gelar master di bidang astronomi di University of Texas at Austin pada tahun 1983, ia mendapat gelar master (1989) dan doktor (1991) di bidang astrofisika dari Columbia University. Untuk tiga tahun berikutnya, ia bekerja sebagai periset di Princeton University, dan pada tahun 1994, ia bergabung dengan Planetarium Hayden sebagai seorang staf ilmuwan. Pada tahun 1996, ia menjadi direktur dari planetarium ini dan mengawasi pengerjaan proyek pembangunan planetarium seharga $210.000.000, yang akhirnya selesai pada tahun 2000.

Dari tahun 1995 sampai 2005, Tyson menulis di kolom "Universe" untuk majalah Natural History, beberapa diantaranya juga diterbitkan lewat bukunya yang berjudul Death by Black Hole (2007). Di periode yang sama, ia juga menulis di kolom pada majalah Star Date, kolom ini menjawab berbagai pertanyaan tentang alam semesta. Di kolom ini, Tyson menggunakan nama pena 'Merlin'. Tulisannya di kolom ini juga ditampilkan dalam bukunya yang berjudul Merlin's Tour of the Universe (1998) dan Just Visiting This Planet (1998). Tyson juga pernah bekerja di Komisi Masa Depan Industri Antariksa A.S pada tahun 2001, dan pada tahun 2004 juga bekerja di Komisi Penerapan Peraturan Antariksa A.S. Ia juga diberi penghargaan NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal pada tahun yang sama. National Academy of Sciences juga memberi Tyson Public Welfare Medal pada tahun 2015 untuk "peran yang luar biasa dalam membuat masyarakat antusias tentang luar angkasa".

Pengiktirafan 
Daftar penghargaan yang diterima oleh Tyson:

Anugerah 
 2001 Medal of Excellence, Columbia University, New York City
 2004 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal
 2005 Science Writing Award
 2007 Klopsteg Memorial Award winner
 2009 Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award from the Space Foundation for significant contributions to public awareness of space programs
 2009 Isaac Asimov Award from the American Humanist Association
 2014 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Show Host
 2014 Dunlap Prize
 2015 Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences
 2015 Cosmos Award, Planetary Society
 2017 Hubbard Medal, National Geographic Society
 2017 Stephen Hawking Medal for Science and Communication, Starmus

Penghargaan 
 2000 Sexiest Astrophysicist Alive, People magazine
 2001 asteroid named: 13123 Tyson, renamed from Asteroid 1994KA by the International Astronomical Union
 2001 The Tech 100, voted by editors of Crain's Magazine to be among the 100 most influential technology leaders in New York
 2004 Fifty Most Important African-Americans in Research Science
 2007 Harvard 100: Most Influential, Harvard Alumni magazine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
 2007 The Time 100, voted by the editors of Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential persons in the world
 2008 Discover Magazine selected him as one of "The 10 Most Influential People in Science"

Dokter kehormatan 

 1997 York College, City University of New York
 2000 Ramapo College, Mahwah, New Jersey
 2000 Dominican College, Orangeburg, New York
 2001 University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
 2002 Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, New Jersey
 2003 Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
 2004 College of Staten Island, City University of New York
 2006 Pace University, New York City
 2007 Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
 2007 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
 2008 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 2010 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
 2010 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
 2010 Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut
 2011 Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
 2012 Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts
 2012 Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts
 2015 University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
 2017 Baruch College, New York, New York

Filmografi

Penampilan lain lain

Diskografi

Karya 
Daftar karya oleh Tyson:

Buku 
 Merlin's Tour of the Universe (1st ed. 1989; 2nd ed. 1998). .
 Universe Down to Earth (1994). .
 Just Visiting This Planet (1998). .
 One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos (2000). .
 Cosmic Horizons: Astronomy at the Cutting Edge (2000). .
 City of Stars: A New Yorker's Guide to the Cosmos (2002)
 My Favorite Universe (a 12-part lecture series) (2003). .
 Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution (co-authored with Donald Goldsmith) (2004). .
 The Sky Is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist (2004). .
 Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries (2007). .
 The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of America's Favorite Planet (2009). .
 Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier (2012). .
 Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour (co-authored with Michael A. Strauss and J. Richard Gott) (2016). .
 Astrophysics for People in a Hurry (2017). .

Publikasi penelitian 
 Twarog, Bruce A.; Tyson, Neil D. (1985). "UVBY Photometry of Blue Stragglers in NGC 7789". Astronomical Journal 90: 1247. doi:10.1086/113833.
 Tyson, Neil D.; Scalo, John M. (1988). "Bursting Dwarf Galaxies: Implications for Luminosity Function, Space Density, and Cosmological Mass Density". Astrophysical Journal 329: 618. doi:10.1086/166408.
 Tyson, Neil D. (1988). "On the possibility of Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxies in the Lyman-alpha Forest". Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 329: L57. doi:10.1086/185176.
 Tyson, Neil D.; Rich, Michael (1991). "Radial Velocity Distribution and Line Strengths of 33 Carbon Stars in the Galactic Bulge". Astrophysical Journal 367: 547. doi:10.1086/169651.
 Tyson, Neil D.; Gal, Roy R. (1993). "An Exposure Guide for Taking Twilight Flatfields with Large Format CCDs". Astronomical Journal 105: 1206. doi:10.1086/116505.
 Tyson, Neil D.; Richmond, Michael W.; Woodhams, Michael; Ciotti, Luca (1993). "On the Possibility of a Major Impact on Uranus in the Past Century". Astronomy & Astrophysics (Research Notes) 275: 630.
 Schmidt, B. P., et al. (1994). "The Expanding Photosphere Method Applied to SN1992am at cz = 14600 km/s". Astronomical Journal 107: 1444.
 Wells, L. A. et al. (1994). "The Type Ia Supernova 1989B in NGC3627 (M66)". Astronomical Journal 108: 2233. doi:10.1086/117236.
 Hamuy, M. et al. (1996). "BVRI Light Curves For 29 Type Ia Supernovae". Astronomical Journal 112: 2408. doi:10.1086/118192.
 Lira, P. et al. (1998). "Optical light curves of the Type IA supernovae SN 1990N and 1991T". Astronomical Journal 116: 1006. doi:10.1086/300175.
 Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview". Astrophysical Journal Supplement 172: 1. doi:10.1086/516585.
 Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "COSMOS: Hubble Space Telescope Observations". Astrophysical Journal Supplement 172: 38. doi:10.1086/516580.
 Liu, C. T.; Capak, P.; Mobasher, B.; Paglione, T. A. D.; Scoville, N. Z.; Tribiano, S. M.; Tyson, N. D. (2008). "The Faint-End Slopes of Galaxy Luminosity Functions in the COSMOS Field". Astrophysical Journal Letters 672: 198. doi:10.1086/522361.

Referensi

Pranala luar 

 Official website
 PBS NOVA scienceNOW with Neil deGrasse Tyson
 Global Ideas from Neil deGrasse Tyson 
 Star Talk Radio Show hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson

Agnostik
Astronom Amerika Serikat