Bemidbar (parsyah)

Bemidbar, BeMidbar, atau B'midbar (sering kali dieja secara keliru sebagai Bamidbar) ( — "di padang gurun," yaitu kata ke-5 dan kata pertama yang unik dalam parsyah ini) adalah bagian ke-34 Bacaan Taurat Mingguan (, parasyah) dalam siklus tahunan Pembacaan Taurat di kalangan orang Yahudi. Merupakan bagian pembacaan pertama dari Kitab Bilangan. Terdiri dari Bilangan 1:1-4:20. Parsyah ini (berdasarkan Teks Masoret) terdiri dari 7.393 huruf Ibrani, yang membentuk 1.823 Kata Ibrani, dan dibagi atas 159 ayat, dapat ditulis dalam sekitar 263 baris Gulungan Taurat (, Sefer Torah).

Orang Yahudi biasanya melakukan pembacaan parsyah ini dalam bulan Mei atau awal Juni.

Parsyah ini memuat kisah penghitungan atau sensus laskar Israel dan penugasan para imam.

Pembacaan 
Pada pembacaan Taurat hari Sabat secara tradisional, parsyah ini dibagi menjadi tujuh bacaan. Bagian-bagian bacaan ini (, aliyah; ; bentuk jamak: עליות, aliyot) adalah sebagai berikut:

Penafsiran antar-bagian Alkitab 

Tiga kali dalam parsyah ini Taurat mencatat daftar suku-suku dan setiap kali Taurat menulis dengan urutan berbeda:

Haftarah

Umum 
Bacaan Haftarah untuk parsyah ini adalah . Baik parsyah maupun haftarah mengenang jumlah bangsa Israel, dalam parsyah melalui sensus, dan dalam haftarah dirujuk pada pernyataan bahwa jumlah mereka "seperti pasir laut." Baik parsyah maupun haftarah menempatkan Israel di padang gurun (midbar).

Pada "Shabbat Machar Chodesh" 
Jika parsyah Bamidbar bertepatan dengan "Shabbat Machar Chodesh" (misalnya pada tahun 2009), maka bacaannya adalah

Pustaka tambahan 
Parsyah ini mempunyai paralel atau didiskusikan dalam sumber-sumber pustaka berikut:

Zaman kuno 
 Shu-ilishu. Ur, 20th Century BCE. Reprinted in, e.g., Douglas Frayne. "Shu-ilishu." In The Context of Scripture, Volume II: Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World. Edited by William W. Hallo. New York: Brill, 2000. ISBN 90-04-10618-9. (standards).

Dalam Alkitab 
  (Nahason bin Aminadab);  (anak sulung);  (anak sulung);  (anak sulung);  (shekel penebusan).
  (anak sulung);  (sensus).
  (anak sulung);  (jumlah orang suku Ruben).
 
  (di padang gurun);  (anak sulung).
  (di keempat sisi).
  (padang gurun).
 Kitab Mazmur  (Manasye, Efraim, Yehuda);  (Efraim, Yehuda);  (Benyamin, Judah, Zebulon, Naftali);  (Ephraim, Benjamin, Manasseh);  (obeying commandments);  (incense);  (able to go to war).
  (Nahason bin Aminadab).
  (sensus);  (menghitung para pemimpin Israel).

Non-rabbinik awal 
 Filo. Who Is the Heir of Divine Things? 24:124. Aleksandria, Mesir, awal abad ke-1 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition. Terjemahan oleh Charles Duke Yonge, 286. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 1993. ISBN 0-943575-93-1.
 Yosefus, Antiquitates Iudaicae 3:12:4.  Kira-kira tahun 93–94 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition. Terjemahan William Whiston, 98. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 1987. ISBN 0-913573-86-8.

Rabbinik klasik 
 Mishnah: Sanhedrin 9:6; Zevachim 14:4; Menachot 11:5; Bekhorot 1:1–9:8. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 200 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada The Mishnah: A New Translation. Terjemahan oleh Jacob Neusner, 604, 731, 757, 788, 790. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-300-05022-4.
 Tosefta: Megillah 3:22; Sotah 7:17, 11:20; Bekhorot 1:1. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 300 M. Reprinted in, e.g., The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction. Terjemahan oleh Jacob Neusner, 1:538, 650, 864, 882; 2:1469. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 2002. ISBN 1-56563-642-2.
 Jerusalem Talmud: Bikkurim 11b; Yoma 31a; Megillah 15b, 17b; Sanhedrin 11b. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 400 M. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Disunting oleh Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, vols. 12, 21, 26. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2007–2013.
 Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael Pisha 3, 5; Amalek 4; Bahodesh 1. Land of Israel, late 4th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Mekhilta According to Rabbi Ishmael. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:22, 30; 2:36, 41. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988. ISBN 1-55540-237-2. And Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael. Translated by Jacob Z. Lauterbach, 1:18, 25; 2:289–90. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1933, reissued 2004. ISBN 0-8276-0678-8.
 Mekhilta of Rabbi Simeon 16:1; 19:2; 47:2; 48:1; 57:1, 3; 76:4; 83:1. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai. Translated by W. David Nelson, 54, 75, 211–12, 255, 258, 355, 375. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2006. ISBN 0-8276-0799-7.
 Genesis Rabbah 7:2; 53:13; 55:6; 64:8; 94:9; 97 (NV); 97 (MSV); 97:5. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Genesis. Translated by H. Freedman and Maurice Simon, 1:50, 472, 486; 2:578, 876, 898, 934, 942. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.

 Babylonian Talmud: Shabbat 31a, 92a, 116a; Pesachim 6b; Yoma 54a, 58a; Chagigah 25a; Yevamot 64a; Nedarim 55a; Nazir 45a, 49a; Kiddushin 69a; Bava Batra 109b, 121b; Sanhedrin 16b–17a, 19b, 36b, 81b, 82b; Makkot 12b, 15a, 24b; Shevuot 15a; Horayot 6b; Zevachim 55a, 61b, 116b, 119b; Menachot 28b, 37b, 95a, 96a; Chullin 69b; Bekhorot 2a, 3b–5a, 13a, 47a, 49a, 51a; Arakhin 11b, 18b; Tamid 26a. Babylonia, 6th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus, 72 vols. Brooklyn: Mesorah Pubs., 2006.
 Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 2:8, 4:3, 7:5, 26:9–10. 6th–7th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Pesikta de-Rab Kahana: R. Kahana's Compilation of Discourses for Sabbaths and Festal Days. Translated by William G. Braude and Israel J. Kapstein, 33, 70, 144, 404–06. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1975. ISBN 0-8276-0051-8. And Pesiqta deRab Kahana: An Analytical Translation and Explanation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:27, 56, 116; 2:136–37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987. ISBN 1-55540-072-8 & ISBN 1-55540-073-6.

Abad pertengahan 
 Saadia Gaon. The Book of Beliefs and Opinions, 2:10, 12. Baghdad, Babylonia, 933. Translated by Samuel Rosenblatt, 118, 128. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1948. ISBN 0-300-04490-9.
 Rashi. Commentary. Numbers 1–4. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, vol. 4, 1–33. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. ISBN 0-89906-029-3.
 Judah Halevi. Kuzari. 2:26. Toledo, Spain, 1130–1140. Reprinted in, e.g., Jehuda Halevi. Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel. Introduction by Henry Slonimsky, page 105. New York: Schocken, 1964. ISBN 0-8052-0075-4.
 Numbers Rabbah 1:1–5:9; 6:2–3, 5–7, 11; 7:2–3; 9:14; 10:1; 12:15–16; 13:5; 14:3–4, 14, 19; 15:17; 18:2–3, 5; 19:3; 21:7. 12th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Numbers. Translated by Judah J. Slotki, 5:1–156, 160, 162, 166, 168–71, 177, 180–82, 268–69, 335; 6:486, 489, 515, 573, 584, 627, 633, 662, 708, 710–11, 714, 753, 834. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.
 Maimonides. The Guide for the Perplexed, 3:24. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. Reprinted in, e.g., Moses Maimonides. The Guide for the Perplexed. Translated by Michael Friedländer, 305. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. ISBN 0-486-20351-4. (wilderness).
 Zohar 1:130a, 200a; 2:85a; 3:57a, 117a–121a , 177b. Spain, late 13th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., The Zohar. Translated by Harry Sperling and Maurice Simon. 5 vols. London: Soncino Press, 1934.

Modern 
 Louis Ginzberg. Legends of the Jews, 3:219–38.  Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1911.
 Robert F. Kennedy. Remarks at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968. Reprinted in Maxwell Taylor Kennedy. Make Gentle the Life of This World: The Vision of Robert F. Kennedy, 21. Broadway, 1998. ISBN 0-7679-0371-4. (Can you judge a people by its numbers?)
 Jacob Milgrom. The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation, 3–29, 335–44. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1990. ISBN 0-8276-0329-0.
 Baruch Levine. Numbers 1–20, 4:125–78. New York: Anchor Bible, 1993. ISBN 0-385-15651-0.
 Mary Douglas. In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers, xviii, 97, 99–100, 103, 109–10, 120, 123, 127–31, 133, 137–38, 174, 179–80, 207, 246. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-924541-X.
 Gerald Skolnik. "Should There Be a Special Ceremony in Recognition of a First-Born Female Child?" New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1993. YD 305:1.1993. Reprinted in Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 163–65 New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4.
 Elliot N. Dorff. "Artificial Insemination, Egg Donation and Adoption." New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. EH 1:3.1994. Reprinted in Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 461, 497. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4. (implications of the definition of a firstborn child for who is the mother of a child born by artificial insemination).
 Mayer Rabinowitz. "Women Raise Your Hands." New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. OH 128:2.1994a. Reprinted in Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 9–12. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4. (implications of redemption of the firstborn for women's participation in the priestly blessing).
 Suzanne A. Brody. "Census." In Dancing in the White Spaces: The Yearly Torah Cycle and More Poems, 93. Shelbyville, Kentucky: Wasteland Press, 2007. ISBN 1-60047-112-9.
 Esther Jungreis. Life Is a Test, 184–85. Brooklyn: Shaar Press, 2007. ISBN 1-4226-0609-0.

Pranala luar

Naskah 
 Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation
 Hear the parashah chanted
 Hear the parashah read in Hebrew

Tafsiran 

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 Academy for Jewish Religion, California 
 Academy for Jewish Religion, New York
 Aish.com 
 Akhlah: The Jewish Children’s Learning Network 
 American Jewish University 
 Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles 
 Ari Goldwag 
 Bar-Ilan University
 Chabad.org
 eparsha.com
 G-dcast 
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 The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash 
 Jewish Agency for Israel 
 Jewish Theological Seminary 
 Mechon Hadar 
 Miriam Aflalo 
 MyJewishLearning.com 
 Ohr Sameach
 ON Scripture — The Torah 
 Orthodox Union
 OzTorah, Torah from Australia
 Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom 
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 Pardes from Jerusalem 
 Rabbi Dov Linzer
 RabbiShimon.com 
 Rabbi Shlomo Riskin 
 Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld 
 Rav Pam 
 Reconstructionist Judaism 
 Sephardic Institute 
 Shiur.com
 613.org Jewish Torah Audio 
 Tanach Study Center
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 Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill
 Torah from Dixie 
 Torah.org
 TorahVort.com
 Union for Reform Judaism 
 United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
 United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism 
 What's Bothering Rashi?
 Yeshiva University
 Yeshivat Chovevei Torah

Referensi 

Bacaan Taurat Mingguan
Kitab Bilangan