Mitologi

Mitologi (serapan dari ) adalah ilmu tentang bentuk sastra yang mengandung konsepsi dan dongeng suci mengenai kehidupan dewa dan makhluk halus dalam suatu kebudayaan.

Mitologi terkait dekat dengan legenda maupun cerita rakyat. Mitologi dapat mencakup kisah penciptaan dunia sampai asal mula suatu bangsa. Tidak seperti mitologi, pada cerita rakyat, waktu dan tempat tidak spesifik dan ceritanya tidak dianggap sebagai kisah suci yang dipercaya kebenarannya. Sedangkan pada legenda, pelaku-pelakunya adalah manusia dan meskipun kejadiannya dianggap benar-benar terjadi, dapat mengandung kisah makhluk supranatural (dewa, setan, dsb.) dan kejadian luar biasa (kutukan, keajaiban, dsb.) seperti pada mitologi. Biasanya latar pada legenda adalah masa-masa pada saat manusia sudah ada dan dikaitkan dengan sejarah dan asal mula suatu tempat.

Mitologi berdasarkan wilayah

Afrika

Afrika Utara 
 Mitologi Berber
 Mitologi Mesir Kuno

Afrika Barat 
 Mitologi Akan
 Mitologi Ashanti (Ghana)
 Mitologi Dahomey (Fon)
 Mitologi Efik (Nigeria, Kamerun)
 Mitologi Igbo (Nigeria, Kamerun)
 Mitologi Isoko (Nigeria)
 Mitologi Yoruba (Nigeria, Benin)

Afrika Tengah 
 Mitologi Bushongo (Kongo)
 Mitologi Baluba
 Mitologi Bambuti (Pigmi) (Kongo)
 Mitologi Lugbara (Kongo)

Afrika Timur 
 Mitologi Akamba (Kenya Timur)
 Mitologi Dinka (Sudan)
 Mitologi Lotuko (Sudan)
 Mitologi Masai (Kenya, Tanzania)

Afrika Selatan 
 Mitologi Khoikhoi
 Mitologi Lozi (Zambia)
 Mitologi Madagaskar
 Mitologi Tumbuka (Malawi)
 Mitologi Zulu (Afrika Selatan)

Artik 
bersinggungan dengan Asia, Eropa Utara, dan Amerika Utara.
 Mitologi Finlandia
 Mitologi Inuit
 Mitologi Nordik
 Mitologi Sami

Asia

Asia Barat Daya 
Timur Tengah, Persia, Anatolia, Kaukasus

Peradaban kuno
 Mitologi Mesopotamia (Sumeria, Asiro-Babilonia)
 Mitologi Semitik
 Mitologi Babilonia
 Mitologi Arab
 Mitologi Kanaan
 Mitologi Hittite
 Mitologi Hurrian
 Mitologi Scythia

abad pertengahan sampai modern
 Mitologi Armenia
 Mitologi Ossetia
 Mitologi Arab
 Mitologi Islam
 Mitologi Kurdi
 Mitologi Persia
 Mitologi Turki

Asia Selatan 
 Mitologi Ayyavazhi
 Mitologi Hindu
 Mitologi Tamil

Asia Timur 
 Mitologi Buddha
 Mitologi Tiongkok
 Mitologi Jepang
 Mitologi Korea
 Mitologi Tibet
 Mitologi Ryukyu

Asia Tenggara 
 Mitologi Filipina
 Mitologi Indonesia
 Mitologi Melayu

Asia Tengah dan Utara 
bersinggungan dengan Eropa Timur dan Utara
 Mitologi Altai
 Mitologi Scythia
 Mitologi Finn
 Mitologi Tibet

Australia dan Oceania 
 Mitologi Aborigin
 Mitologi Hawaii
 Mitologi Maori
 Mitologi Melanesia
 Mitologi Mikronesia
 Mitologi Papua
 Mitologi Polinesia
 Mitologi Rapa Nui

Eropa

Zaman prasejarah 
 Mitologi Yunani
 Mitologi Romawi
 Mitologi Etruria
 Mitologi Kelt
 Mitologi Jermanik
 Mitologi Paleo-Balkan
 Mitologi Lusitania

Eropa Utara 
 Mitologi Nordik
 Mitologi Finn
 Mitologi Estonia
 Mitologi Finlandia
 Mitologi Sami
 Mitologi Baltik
 Mitologi Latvia
 Mitologi Lithuania

Kepulauan Britania 
 Mitologi Inggris
 Mitologi Irlandia
 Mitologi Skotlandia
 Mitologi Wales

Eropa Barat 
 Mitologi Alpin
 Mitologi Basque
 Mitologi Frankish
 Mitologi Prancis
 Mitologi Jerman

Eropa Timur 
 Mitologi Hungaria
 Mitologi Roma (Gipsi)
 Mitologi Slavia
 Mitologi Romania
 Mitologi Tatar

Eropa Selatan 
 Mitologi Albania
 Mitologi Katalan
 Mitologi Yunani
 Mitologi Malta
 Mitologi Spanyol

Amerika

Amerika Utara 
Algonquia (Amerika Serikat bagian timur laut, Great Lakes)
 Mitologi Abenaki
 Kepercayaan tradisional Anishinaabe
 Mitologi Leni Lenape

Dataran Indian
 Mitologi Blackfoot
 Mitologi Crow
 Mitologi Lakota
 Mitologi Pawnee

Muskogean (Amerika Serikat bagian selatan) dan Iraquois (Amerika Serikat bagian Timur)
 Mitologi Iroquois
 Mitologi Choctaw
 Mitologi Creek
 Mitologi Ho-Chunk
 Mitologi Huron
 Mitologi Seneca

Alaska dan Artik Kanada
 Mitologi Haida
 Mitologi Inuit

Pasifik Barat Laut
 Mitologi Kwakiutl
 Mitologi Nootka

Uto-Aztec (Great Basin hingga Meksiko)
 Mitologi Hopi
 Mitologi Miwok
 Mitologi Ohlone
 Mitologi Ute
 Mitologi Salish
 Mitologi Tsimshian

Amerika Serikat bagian barat laut
 Mitologi Navaho
 Mitologi Pomo
 Mitologi Zuni

Amerika Tengah 
 Mitologi Aztek
 Mitologi Maya
 Mitologi Olmek

Karibia 
 Mitologi Haiti

Amerika Selatan 
 Mitologi Chilota
 Mitologi Inka
 Mitologi Guarani
 Mitologi Mapuche

Campuran Afrika 
 Hoodoo
 Vodou
 Santería
 Obeah
 Kumina
 Palo
 Candomblé
 Umbanda
 Quimband

Mitologi berdasarkan agama 
 Mitologi Buddha
 Mitologi Hindu
 Mitologi Islam
 Mitologi Kristen
 Mitologi Yahudi

Mitologi berdasarkan waktu

Zaman Perunggu 
 Mitologi Proto-Indo-Eropa
 Mitologi Proto-Indo-Iran
 Mitologi Mesopotamia
 Mitologi Mesir kuno
 Mitologi Hittite
 Mitologi Hurria
 Mitologi Regweda

Zaman Besi 
 Mitologi Klasik
 Mitologi Yunani
 Mitologi Romawi
 Mitologi Etruria
 Mitologi Kelt
 Mitologi Jermanik

Prasejarah Akhir 
 Mitologi Altai
 Mitologi Slavia
 Mitologi Arab

Catatan kaki

Referensi 
 Armstrong, Karen. "A Short History of Myth". Knopf Canada, 2006.
 Bascom, William. "The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives". 'Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 5-29.
 Bulfinch, Thomas. Bulfinch's Mythology. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004.
 Campbell, Joeseph. "The Power of Myth". New York: Doubleday, 1988.
 Doty, William. Myth: A Handbook. Westport: Greenwood, 2004.
 Dundes, Alan. "Binary Opposition in Myth: The Propp/Levi-Strauss Debate in Retrospect". Western Folklore 56 (Winter, 1997): 39-50.
 Dundes, Alan. Introduction. Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 1-3.
 Dunes, Alan. "Madness in Method Plus a Plea for Projective Inversion in Myth". Myth and Method. Ed. Laurie Patton and Wendy Doniger. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
 Eliade, Mircea. Myth and Reality. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
 Eliade, Mircea. Myths, Dreams and Mysteries. Trans. Philip Mairet. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
 "Euhemerism". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 .
 Fabiani, Paolo "The Philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche". F.U.P. (Florence UP), English edition 2009. PDF
 Frankfort, Henri, et al. The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1977.
 Frazer, James. The Golden Bough. New York: Macmillan, 1922.
 Graf, Fritz. Greek Mythology. Trans. Thomas Marier. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
 Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 41-52.
 Kirk, G.S. Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures. Berkeley: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
 Kirk, G.S. "On Defining Myths". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 53-61.
 Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I". Scott A. Leonard's Home Page. August 2007.Youngstown State University, 17 November 2009
 Littleton, Covington. The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
 Meletinsky, Elea. The Poetics of Myth. Trans. Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky. New York: Routledge, 2000.
 "myth." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 21 March 2009
 "myths". A Dictionary of English Folklore. Jacqueline Simpson and Steve Roud. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 Oxfordreference.com
 Northup, Lesley. "Myth-Placed Priorities: Religion and the Study of Myth". Religious Studies Review 32.1(2006): 5-10.
 O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
 Pettazzoni, Raffaele. "The Truth of Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 98-109.
 Segal, Robert. Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
 Simpson, Michael. Introduction. Apollodorus. Gods and Heroes of the Greeks. Trans. Michael Simpson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. 1-9.
 Singer, Irving. "Introduction: Philosophical Dimensions of Myth and Cinema." Cinematic Mythmaking: Philosophy in Film. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press Books, 2008. 3-6. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.
 Indick, William. "Classical Heroes in Modern Movies: Mythological Patterns of the Superhero." Journal of Media Psychology 9.3 (2004): 93-95. York University Libraries. Web.
 Koven, Mikel J. "Folklore Studies and Popular Film and Television: a Necessary Critical Survey." Journal of American Folklore 116.460 (2003): 176-195. Print.
 Olson, Eric L. "Great Expectations: the Role of Myth in 1980s Films with Child Heroes." Virginia Polytechnic Scholarly Library. Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University, 3 May 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2011.<http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172011-113805/unrestricted/OLSON_EL_T_2011.pdf>.
 Matira, Lopamundra. "Children's Oral Literature and Modern Mass Media." Indian Folklore Research Journal 5.8 (2008): 55-57. Print.
 Cormer, John. "Narrative." Critical Ideas in Television Studies. New York, United States: Charendon Press, 2007. 47-59. Print.

Bacaan lebih lanjut 
 Stefan Arvidsson, Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science, University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 0-226-02860-7
 Roland Barthes, Mythologies (1957)
 Kees W. Bolle, The Freedom of Man in Myth. Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
 Richard Buxton. The Complete World of Greek Mythology. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
 E. Csapo, Theories of Mythology (2005)
 Edith Hamilton, Mythology (1998)
 Graves, Robert. "Introduction." New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Trans. Richard Aldington and Delano Ames. London: Hamlyn, 1968. v–viii.
 Joseph Campbell
 The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton University Press, 1949.
 Flight of the Wild Gander: Explorations in the Mythological Dimension: Select Essays 1944–1968 New World Library, 3rd ed. (2002), ISBN 978-1-57731-210-9.
 The Power of Myth. Doubleday, 1988, ISBN 0-385-24773-7.
 Thou Art That (book). New World Library, 2001, ISBN 1-57731-202-3
 Mircea Eliade
 Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return. Princeton University Press, 1954.
 The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row, 1961.
 Louis Herbert Gray [ed.], The Mythology of All Races, in 12 vols., 1916.
 Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
 Mental Functions in Primitive Societies (1910)
 Primitive Mentality (1922)
 The Soul of the Primitive (1928)
 The Supernatural and the Nature of the Primitive Mind (1931)
 Primitive Mythology (1935)
 The Mystic Experience and Primitive Symbolism (1938)
 Charles H. Long, Alpha: The Myths of Creation. George Braziller, 1963.
 O'Flaherty, Wendy. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook. London: Penguin, 1975.
 Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall.
 Santillana and Von Dechend (1969, 1992 re-issue). Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge And Its Transmission Through Myth, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87923-215-3.

 Isabelle Loring Wallace and Jennie Hirsh, Contemporary Art and Classical Myth. Farnham: Ashgate (2011), ISBN 978-0-7546-6974-6
 Walker, Steven F. and Segal, Robert A., Jung and the Jungians on Myth: An Introduction, Theorists of Myth, Routledge (1996), ISBN 978-0-8153-2259-7.
 Vanda Zajko and Miriam Leonard, Lauphing with Medusa. Oxford: Oxford `University Press (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-923794-4.
 Zong, In-Sob. Folk Tales from Korea. 3rd ed. Elizabeth: Hollym, 1989.

Lihat juga 
 Mitos – cerita mengenai kedewaan dan pahlawan pada masa lalu
 Arkeomitologi – studi mitologi melalui disiplin arkeologi

Pranala luar 

 The New Student's Reference Work/Mythology, ed. Beach (1914), at wikisource.
 Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I" . Youngstown State University.
 Greek mythology
 Sacred texts
 Myths and Myth-Makers Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by comparative mythology by John Fiske.
 LIMC Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, a database of ancient objects linked with mythology
 Joseph Campbell on Bill Moyers's The Power of Myth

 
Antropologi agama
Antropologi budaya
Kerohanian
Tradisi