سس‌ماهی‌ها

سَس‌ماهی‌ها یا ریشک‌دارها  سرده ای پرتعداد از کپورماهیان پرتوباله است که در سراسر جهان یافت می‌شوند. از جمله شاخص‌ترین گونه‌های باربوس، زردپر معمولی است که به تعداد فراوان در رودخانه‌های اروپای غربی و مرکزی یافت می‌شود.

نام عمومی انگلیسی این ماهی‌ها «بارب» اشاره به سبیلک دار بودن آن‌ها دارد. اکثر ماهی‌های این سرده دارای یک جفت سبیلک در طرفین دهان خود هستند که این عضو در پیدا کردن غذا به خصوص در کف آب به آن‌ها کمک می‌کند. برخی از این ماهی‌ها دارای ارزش اقتصادی بوده و جهت استفادهٔ خوراکی توسط انسان صید می‌شوند اما تخم (خاویار) بعضی از این ماهی‌ها سمی است. همچنین برخی از گونه‌ها به عنوان ماهی زینتی در آکواریوم‌ها نگهداری می شوتد.

گونه‌ها 
هم‌اکنون تعداد ۳۱۱ گونه در این سرده جا دارند:

 Barbus ablabes (Bleeker, 1863)
 Barbus aboinensis Boulenger, 1911
 Barbus acuticeps Matthes, 1959
 Barbus afrohamiltoni Crass, 1960 (Hamilton's barb, plump barb)
 Barbus afrovernayi Nichols & Boulton (fi), 1927 (spottail barb)
 Barbus albanicus Steindachner, 1870
 Barbus aliciae Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993
 Barbus alluaudi Pellegrin, 1909
 Barbus aloyi Román, 1971
 Barbus altianalis Boulenger, 1900 (Ripon barbel)
  Barbus altidorsalis  Boulenger, 1908
 Barbus amanpoae J. G. Lambert, 1961
 Barbus amatolicus P. H. Skelton, 1990 (Amatola barb)
  Barbus andrewi  Barnard, 1937 (Cape whitefish, Berg-breede River whitefish)
 Barbus anema Boulenger, 1903
 Barbus annectens Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1917 (broad-striped barb)
 Barbus anniae Lévêque, 1983
  Barbus anoplus  M. C. W. Weber, 1897 (chubbyhead barb)
 Barbus ansorgii Boulenger, 1904
 Barbus apleurogramma Boulenger, 1911 (East African red-finned barb)
 Barbus arabicus Trewavas, 1941
 Barbus arambourgi Pellegrin, 1935
 Barbus arcislongae Keilhack, 1908
 Barbus argenteus Günther, 1868 (rosefin barb)
 Barbus aspilus Boulenger, 1907
 Barbus atakorensis Daget, 1957
 Barbus atkinsoni R. G. Bailey, 1969 (dash-dot barb)
 Barbus atromaculatus Nichols & Griscom, 1917
 Barbus bagbwensis Norman, 1932
 Barbus balcanicus Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002 (large-spot barbel)
 برزم لب‌پهن Heckel, 1847
  Barbus barbus  (لینه، ۱۷۵۸) (common barbel)
 Barbus barnardi Jubb, 1965 (blackback barb)
 Barbus barotseensis Pellegrin, 1920 (Barotse barb)
 Barbus baudoni Boulenger, 1918
 Barbus bawkuensis A. J. Hopson, 1965

 Barbus bergi Chichkoff, 1935 (Bulgarian barbel)
  Barbus bifrenatus  Fowler, 1935 (hyphen barb)
 Barbus bigornei Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988
 Barbus boboi L. P. Schultz, 1942
 Barbus borysthenicus Dybowski, 1862
 Barbus bourdariei Pellegrin, 1928
  Barbus brachygramma  Boulenger, 1915 (line-spotted Ufipa barb)
 Barbus brazzai Pellegrin, 1901
 Barbus breviceps Trewavas, 1936 (shorthead barb)
 Barbus brevidorsalis Boulenger, 1915 (dwarf barb)
 Barbus brevilateralis Poll, 1967
 Barbus brevipinnis Jubb, 1966 (shortfin barb)
 Barbus brichardi Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959
 Barbus bynni (Forsskål, 1775)
 Barbus bynni bynni (Forsskål, 1775)
 Barbus bynni occidentalis Boulenger, 1911 (Niger barb)
 Barbus bynni waldroni Norman, 1935
 Barbus cadenati Daget, 1962
  Barbus calidus  Barnard, 1938 (Clanwilliam redfin)
 Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 (Algerian barb)
 Barbus callipterus Boulenger, 1907 (clipper barb, Congo barb)
  Barbus camptacanthus  (Bleeker, 1863) (African red-finned barb)
 Barbus candens Nichols & Griscom, 1917
  Barbus caninus  بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹ (brook barbel)
 Barbus carcharhinoides Stiassny, 1991
 Barbus carens Boulenger, 1912
 Barbus carottae (Bianco, 1998)
 Barbus carpathicus Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002 (Carpathian barbel)
 Barbus castrasibutum Fowler, 1936
 Barbus catenarius Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959
 Barbus caudosignatus Poll, 1967
  Barbus cercops  Whitehead, 1960 (Luambwa barb)
 Barbus chicapaensis Poll, 1967
 Barbus chiumbeensis Pellegrin, 1936
 Barbus chlorotaenia Boulenger, 1911
 Barbus choloensis Norman, 1925 (silver barb)
  Barbus ciscaucasicus  Kessler, 1877 (Terek barbel)
 Barbus citrinus Boulenger, 1920
 Barbus claudinae De Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990
 Barbus clauseni Thys van den Audenaerde, 1976
 Barbus collarti Poll, 1945
 Barbus condei Mahnert & Géry, 1982
 Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837
 Barbus dartevellei Poll, 1945
 Barbus deguidei Matthes, 1964
 Barbus deserti Pellegrin, 1909
 Barbus devosi Banyankimbona, Vreven & Snoeks, 2012
 Barbus dialonensis Daget, 1962
 Barbus diamouanganai Teugels & Mamonekene, 1992
 Barbus ditinensis Daget, 1962
 Barbus dorsolineatus Trewavas, 1936 (Cunene barb, topstripe barb)
 Barbus eburneensis Poll, 1941
 Barbus elephantis Boulenger, 1907 (May be junior synonym of B. marequensis)
 Barbus ensis Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus ercisianus M. S. Karaman (sr), 1971
  Barbus erubescens  P. H. Skelton, 1974 (Twee River redfin, Twee redfin)
 Barbus erythrozonus Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1959
 Barbus ethiopicus Zolezzi, 1939
 Barbus euboicus Stephanidis, 1950 (petropsaro, Evia barbel)
 Barbus eurystomus Keilhack, 1908
 Barbus eutaenia Boulenger, 1904 (orangefin barb)
 Barbus evansi Fowler, 1930
 Barbus fasciolatus Günther, 1868 (African banded barb)
 Barbus fasolt Pappenheim, 1914
 Barbus foutensis Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988
 Barbus fritschii Günther, 1874

 Barbus gananensis Vinciguerra, 1895
 Barbus gestetneri Banister & R. G. Bailey, 1979
 Barbus girardi Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus goktschaicus Kessler, 1877 (Gokcha barbel)
 Barbus greenwoodi Poll, 1967
 Barbus gruveli Pellegrin, 1911
 شیربتBarbus grypus Heckel, 1843
 Barbus guildi Loiselle, 1973
 Barbus guineensis Pellegrin, 1913
 Barbus guirali Thominot, 1886
 Barbus gulielmi Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus gurneyi Günther, 1868 (redtail barb)
 Barbus haasi Mertens, 1925 (red-tailed barbel)
 Barbus haasianus L. R. David, 1936 (sickle barb)
 Barbus harterti Günther, 1901
 Barbus holotaenia Boulenger, 1904 (spotscale barb)
  Barbus hospes  Barnard, 1938 (Namaquab barb)
 Barbus huguenyi Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993
 Barbus huloti Banister, 1976
 Barbus hulstaerti Poll, 1945 (butterfly barb)
 Barbus humeralis Boulenger, 1902
 Barbus humilis Boulenger, 1902
 Barbus humphri Banister, 1976
 Barbus inaequalis Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988
 Barbus innocens Pfeffer, 1896 (inconspicuous barb)
 Barbus iturii Holly, 1929
 Barbus jacksoni Günther, 1889 (Jackson's barb)
 Barbus jae Boulenger, 1903 (Jae barb)
 Barbus janssensi Poll, 1976
 Barbus jubbi Poll, 1967
 Barbus kamolondoensis Poll, 1938
 Barbus kerstenii W. K. H. Peters, 1868 (redspot barb)
 Barbus kessleri (Steindachner, 1866) (Gillbar barb)
 Barbus kissiensis Daget, 1954
 Barbus kubanicus L. S. Berg, 1913 (Kuban barbel)
 Barbus kuiluensis Pellegrin, 1930
 بلیزم Heckel, 1843 (Kura barbel, Mtkvari barbel)
 Barbus lagensis (Günther, 1868)
 Barbus lamani Lönnberg & Rendahl (de), 1920
 Barbus laticeps Pfeffer, 1889
 Barbus lauzannei Lévêque & Paugy, 1982
 Barbus leonensis Boulenger, 1915
 Barbus leptopogon G. H. W. Schimper, 1834
 Barbus liberiensis Steindachner, 1894
 Barbus lineomaculatus Boulenger, 1903 (line-spotted barb)
 Barbus longiceps Valenciennes, 1842
 Barbus longifilis Pellegrin, 1935
 Barbus lornae Ricardo-Bertram, 1943
 Barbus lorteti Sauvage, 1882
 Barbus loveridgii Boulenger, 1916
  Barbus luapulae  Fowler, 1958
 Barbus lufukiensis Boulenger, 1917
 Barbus luikae Ricardo, 1939 (Luika barb)
 Barbus lujae Boulenger, 1913
 Barbus lukindae Boulenger, 1915
 Barbus lukusiensis L. R. David & Poll, 1937
 Barbus luluae Fowler, 1930
 Barbus macedonicus S. L. Karaman, 1928
 Barbus machadoi Poll, 1967
 Barbus macinensis Daget, 1954
 Barbus macroceps Fowler, 1936
 Barbus macrolepis Pfeffer, 1889
 Barbus macrops Boulenger, 1911 (blackstripe barb)
 Barbus macrotaenia Worthington, 1933 (broadband barb)
 Barbus magdalenae Boulenger, 1906 (Bunjako barb)
  Barbus manicensis  Pellegrin, 1919 (yellow barb)
  Barbus mariae  Holly, 1929 (rhinofish)
 Barbus marmoratus L. R. David & Poll, 1937
 Barbus martorelli Román, 1971
 Barbus matthesi Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1963
  Barbus mattozi  A. R. P. Guimarães, 1884 (papermouth)
 Barbus mawambi Pappenheim, 1914
 Barbus mawambiensis Steindachner, 1911
 Barbus mediosquamatus Poll, 1967
 Barbus melanotaenia Stiassny, 1991
 Barbus meridionalis A. Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean barbel, southern barbel)
 †Barbus microbarbis L. R. David & Poll, 1937
 Barbus microterolepis Boulenger, 1902
  Barbus mimus  Boulenger, 1912 (Ewaso Nyiro barb)
  Barbus miolepis  Boulenger, 1902 (zigzag barb)
 Barbus mirabilis Pappenheim, 1914
 Barbus mocoensis Trewavas, 1936
 Barbus mohasicus Pappenheim, 1914
 Barbus motebensis Steindachner, 1894 (Marico barb)
  Barbus multilineatus  Worthington, 1933 (copperstripe barb)
 Barbus musumbi Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus myersi Poll, 1939
 Barbus nanningsi (de Beaufort, 1933)
 Barbus nasus Günther, 1874
 Barbus neefi Greenwood, 1962 (sidespot barb)
 Barbus neglectus Boulenger, 1903 (possibly synonym of B. perince)
 Barbus neumayeri J. G. Fischer, 1884 (Neumayer's barb)
 Barbus nigeriensis Boulenger, 1903
 Barbus nigrifilis Nichols, 1928
 Barbus nigroluteus Pellegrin, 1930
 Barbus niluferensis Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2009
 Barbus niokoloensis Daget, 1959
 Barbus nounensis Van den Bergh & Teugels, 1998
 Barbus nyanzae Whitehead, 1960 (Nyanza barb)
 Barbus okae (Fowler, 1949)
 Barbus oligogrammus L. R. David, 1937
  Barbus oligolepis  Battalgil, 1941
 Barbus olivaceus Seegers, 1996 (olive-green Ufipa barb)
 Barbus owenae Ricardo-Bertram, 1943
  Barbus oxyrhynchus  Pfeffer, 1889 (Pangani barb)
 Barbus pagenstecheri J. G. Fischer, 1884
 Barbus pallidus A. Smith, 1841 (Goldie barb)
 Barbus paludinosus W. K. H. Peters, 1852 (straightfin barb)
 Barbus papilio Banister & R. G. Bailey, 1979
 Barbus parablabes Daget, 1957
 Barbus parajae Van den Bergh& Teugels, 1998

 Barbus parawaldroni Lévêque, Thys van den Audenaerde & Traoré، ۱۹۸۷
  Barbus paucisquamatus  Pellegrin, 1935
 Barbus pellegrini Poll, 1939 (Pellegrin's barb)
 Barbus peloponnesius Valenciennes, 1842
 Barbus pergamonensis M. S. Karaman (sr), 1971 (Anatolian barbel)
 Barbus perince Rüppell, 1835
 Barbus petchkovskyi Poll, 1967
 Barbus petenyi Heckel, 1852 (Romanian barbel)
 Barbus petitjeani Daget, 1962
 Barbus platyrhinus Boulenger, 1900
  Barbus plebejus  بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹ (Italian barbel)
 Barbus pleurogramma Boulenger, 1902
 Barbus pobeguini Pellegrin, 1911
 Barbus poechii Steindachner, 1911 (dashtail barb)
  Barbus prespensis  S. L. Karaman, 1924 (briána)
 Barbus prionacanthus Mahnert & Géry, 1982
 Barbus profundus Greenwood, 1970
 Barbus pseudotoppini Seegers, 1996
 Barbus pumilus Boulenger, 1901
 Barbus punctitaeniatus Daget, 1954
 Barbus pygmaeus Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1963
 Barbus quadrilineatus L. R. David, 1937
 Barbus quadripunctatus Pfeffer, 1896 (four-spotted barb)
 Barbus radiatus W. K. H. Peters, 1853 (redeye barb)
 Barbus raimbaulti Daget, 1962
 Barbus rebeli Koller, 1926 (Western Balkan barbel)
 Barbus reinii Günther, 1874
 Barbus rhinophorus Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus rohani Pellegrin, 1921
 Barbus rosae Boulenger, 1910
 Barbus roussellei Ladiges & Voelker, 1961
 Barbus rouxi Daget, 1961
 Barbus ruasae Pappenheim, 1914
 Barbus rubrostigma Poll & J. G. Lambert, 1964
 Barbus sacratus Daget, 1963
 Barbus salessei Pellegrin, 1908
 Barbus sensitivus T. R. Roberts, 2010
 Barbus serengetiensis Farm, 2000
  Barbus serra  W. K. H. Peters, 1864 (sawfin, Clanwilliam sawfin)
 Barbus sexradiatus Boulenger, 1911 (Kavirondo barb)
 Barbus seymouri Tweddle & P. H. Skelton, 2008
 Barbus somereni Boulenger, 1911
 Barbus sperchiensis Stephanidis, 1950 (Sperchios barbel)
 Barbus stanleyi Poll & J. P. Gosse, 1974
 Barbus stappersii Boulenger, 1915
 Barbus stauchi Daget, 1967
 Barbus stigmasemion Fowler, 1936
 Barbus stigmatopygus Boulenger, 1903
 Barbus strumicae S. L. Karaman, 1955 (Strumica barbel)
 Barbus subinensis A. J. Hopson, 1965
 Barbus sublimus Coad & Najafpour, 1997
 Barbus sublineatus Daget, 1954
  Barbus subquincunciatus  Günther, 1868
 Barbus sylvaticus Loiselle & Welcomme, 1971
 Barbus syntrechalepis (Fowler, 1949)
 Barbus taeniopleura Boulenger, 1917
 Barbus taeniurus Boulenger, 1903
 Barbus tanapelagius Graaf, Dejen, Sibbing & Osse, 2000
 Barbus tauricus Kessler, 1877 (Crimean barbel)
 Barbus tegulifer Fowler, 1936
 Barbus tetraspilus Pfeffer, 1896
 Barbus tetrastigma Boulenger, 1913
 Barbus teugelsi Bamba, Vreven & Snoeks, 2011
 Barbus thamalakanensis Fowler, 1935 (Thamalakane barb)
 Barbus thessalus Stephanidis, 1971 (Thessalian barbel)
 Barbus thysi Trewavas, 1974
 Barbus tiekoroi Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987
 Barbus tomiensis Fowler, 1936
 Barbus tongaensis Rendahl (de), 1935
 Barbus toppini Boulenger, 1916 (East Coast barb)
 Barbus trachypterus Boulenger, 1915
 Barbus traorei Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987
 Barbus treurensis Groenewald, 1958 (Treur River barb, Treur barb)
  Barbus trevelyani  Günther, 1877 (Border barb)
 Barbus trimaculatus W. K. H. Peters, 1852 (threespot barb)
 Barbus trinotatus Fowler, 1936
 Barbus trispiloides Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987
 Barbus trispilomimus Boulenger, 1907
 Barbus trispilopleura Boulenger, 1902
 Barbus trispilos (Bleeker, 1863)
 Barbus tropidolepis Boulenger, 1900
 Barbus turkanae A. J. Hopson & J. Hopson, 1982 (Lake Turkana barb)
 Barbus tyberinus بناپارت، ۱۸۳۹
 Barbus unitaeniatus Günther, 1866 (slender barb, longbeard barb)
 Barbus urostigma Boulenger, 1917
 Barbus urotaenia Boulenger, 1913
 Barbus usambarae Lönnberg, 1907
 Barbus vanderysti Poll, 1945 
  Barbus venustus  R. G. Bailey, 1980 (red Pangani barb)
 Barbus viktorianus Lohberger, 1929 (Victoria barb)
 Barbus viviparus M. C. W. Weber, 1897 (bowstripe barb)
 Barbus waleckii Rolik, 1970 (Vistula barbel)
 Barbus walkeri Boulenger, 1904
 Barbus wellmani Boulenger, 1911
 Barbus wurtzi Pellegrin, 1908
 Barbus yeiensis Johnsen, 1926
 Barbus yongei Whitehead, 1960 (Nzoia barb)
 Barbus zalbiensis Blache & Miton, 1960
 Barbus zanzibaricus W. K. H. Peters, 1868 (Zanzibar barb)
 [[Barbus sp. 'Banhine'|Barbus sp. 'Banhine]]' – (Banhine barb)
 [[Barbus sp. 'Baringo'|Barbus sp. 'Baringo]]'
 [[Barbus sp. 'Chimanimani'|Barbus sp. 'Chimanimani]]' – (Chimanimani chubbyhead)

 [[Barbus sp. 'Nzoia'|Barbus sp. 'Nzoia]]'
 Barbus sp. 'Nzoia ۲'
 [[Barbus sp. 'Pangani'|Barbus sp. 'Pangani]]'
 ''Barbus'' sp. 'Waterberg' – (Waterberg shortfin barb)

پانویس 

زردک‌ها
سرده‌های کپورماهیان
سرده‌های ماهیان
آرایه (زیست‌شناسی) نام‌گذاری‌شده توسط ژرژ کوویه