Nigeriako Gerra Zibila

Nigeriako Gerra Zibila - arruntean Biafrako Gerra deitua - 1967ko uztailaren 7tik 1970eko urtarrilaren 15era artean Nigeriako gobernua eta Biafrako estatu sezesionista artean izandako gatazkari ematen zaion izena da. Biafra igbo herriaren aldarrikapen nazionalista izan zen, iparraldetik zuzendutako gobernu federalak zapalduta zegoena. Nigeriaren deskolonizazioak 1960 eta 1963 artean eragindako tirabira politiko, ekonomiko, etniko, kultural eta erlijiosoek gatazka sortu zuten baina 1966ko estatu-kolpeak, kontraerasoak eta iparraldeko Nigerian bizi ziren igboen aurkako pogromak zuzeneko txinpartak izan ziren. Gainera Nigerren deltako petrolio ustiapenak garrantzi estrategikoa izan zuen.

Handik urtebetera, gobernu federalak Biafra inguratu, petrolioaren azpiegituraz arduratu eta Port Harcourt hiria hartu zuen. Blokeoak gosetea eragin zuen eta, gerran zehar, 100.000 militar hiltzeaz gain 500.000 eta 2 milioi arteko briafar zibil ere gosez hil ziren.

1968. urterako, elikatu gabeko briafar irudiak mendebaldeko hedabideetan zabaldu eta cause célèbre bilakatu zen, gobernuz kanpoko erakundeek emari asko lortuz. Erresuma Batuak eta Sobietar Batasunak Lagosko gobernua babestu zuten; Frantziak, Israelek eta beste herrialdeek, berriz, Biafraren alde egin zuten. Egungo Nigeriak oraindik gerraren ondorioak pairatzen ditu.

Erreferentziak

Bibliografia 

 Baxter, Peter (2015). Biafra: The Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970. Helion and Company. ISBN 9781910777473.
 Achebe, Chinua. There Was a Country, by Chinua Achebe; Penguin Press, 2012. (ISBN 978-1-59420-482-1)
 Chant, Christopher. Warfare of the 20th Century. Chartwell Books, 1988. Ibadan University Press, 1974.
 Daly, Samuel Fury Childs. A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War, (Cambridge University Press, 2020) online review
 Diamond, Larry. Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria: The Failure of the First Republic. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press, 1988. ISBN 0-333-39435-6
 Draper, Michael I. Shadows : Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970. ISBN 1-902109-63-5
 Dudley, Billy. Instability and Political Order: Politics and Crisis in Nigeria
 Ejibunu, Hassan Tai: Nigeria's Delta Crisis: Root Causes and Peacelessness – EPU Research Papers: Issue 07/07, Stadtschlaining 2007
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 Olawoyin, James Alabi Olabisi. "Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict". Master of Laws thesis accepted at York University (Toronto, Ontario), October 1971.
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 Zumbach, Jan. On Wings of War: My Life as a Pilot Adventurer.

Kanpo estekak 

Gerra Hotza
Nigeriako historia
1960ko hamarkadako gatazkak
1970eko gatazkak
Gerra zibilak
Biafra
Proxy gerrak