XX. mendea

XX. mendea 1901. urtetik 2000. urtera bitarteko aldia da (bi urte horiek barne).

XX. mendean zehar, aldaketa zientifiko, teknologiko eta sozialak biziagotu egin ziren. Leherketa demografikoa gertatu zen, eta munduko biztanleria 6.000 milioira iritsi mende amaieran. Industria Iraultza bukatua, Ezagutzaren eta Komunikazioaren Iraultza garatu zen, batez ere informatikan eta hedabideetan oinarrituta. Planetaren globalizazio ekonomikoa eta politikoa hasi zen. Ameriketako Estatu Batuak munduko botere nagusi bihurtu zen, batez ere estatu komunista gehienak erori ostean, SESB barne. Eta, nahiz-eta Giza Eskubideak aldarrikatu eta Nazio Batuen Erakundea sortu, XX. mendeak Lehen eta Bigarren Mundu Gerrak eta beste hainbat gatazka jasan izan ditu.

Gertaerak

Pertsona nabarmenak

Artea 

 Salvador Dalí
 Marcel Duchamp
 Frida Kahlo
 Vasili Kandinski
 Gustav Klimt
 René Magritte
 Pablo Picasso
 Andy Warhol

Dantza 

 Alicia Alonso
 George Balanchine
 Pina Bausch
 Isadora Duncan
 Martha Graham
 Gret Palucca

Filosofia 

 Theodor Adorno
 Simone de Beauvoir
 Mario Bunge
 Victoria Camps
 Albert Camus
 Rudolf Carnap
 Noam Chomsky
 Gilles Deleuze
 Jacques Derrida
 José Ferrater Mora
 Michel Foucault
 Martin Heidegger
 Carl Hempel
 Edmund Husserl
 Philip Kitcher
 Krishnamurti
 Jacques Lacan
 Emmanuel Lévinas
 Ayn Rand
 José Ortega y Gasset
 Karl Popper
 Hans Reichenbach
 Bertrand Russell
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 Moritz Schlick
 Ludwig Wittgenstein
 María Zambrano
 Hannah Arendt

Zientzia

Biologia 

 Ernst Mayr
 James D. Watson
 Lynn Margulis
 Stephen J. Gould
 Niles Eldredge
 Alfonso L. Herrera
 Aleksandr Oparin
 Francisco J. Ayala
 Stanley Miller
 Richard C. Lewontin
 Leon Croizat
 Humberto Maturana
 Theodosius Dobzhansky
 Aldo Leopold
 Rosalind Franklin
 Van Rensselaer Potter
 René Favaloro
 Rachel Carson

Ekonomia 

 Maurice Allais
 Gerard Debreu
 Milton Friedman
 Friedrich Hayek
 John Maynard Keynes
 Oskar Lange
 Agustín Reyes Ponce
 Paul Samuelson
 James Tobin
 Ludwig von Mises

Fisika 

 Niels Bohr
 Marie Curie
 Pierre Curie
 Lev Davidovich Landau
 Paul Dirac
 Arthur Eddington
 Albert Einstein
 Enrico Fermi
 Richard Feynman
 Stephen Hawking
 Werner Heisenberg
 Fred Hoyle
 Emmy Noether
 Robert Oppenheimer
 Wolfgang Pauli
 Max Planck
 Roger Penrose
 Ernest Rutherford
 Erwin Schrödinger
 Nikola Tesla

Astronomia 

 Edwin Hubble
 Anton Pannekoek
 Carl Sagan

Aeronautika eta astronautika 

 Neil Armstrong
 Michael Collins
 Yuri Gagarin
 Charles Lindbergh
 Valentina Terexkova
 Wernher von Braun
 Laika

Matematika 

 Kurt Gödel
 David Hilbert
 Andrei Kolmogorov
 Emmy Noether
 Grigori Perelman
 Henri Poincaré
 Srinivasa Ramanujan
 Claude Shannon
 Alfred Tarski

Informatika 

 Alan Cox
 Alan Turing
 Alonzo Church
 Andrew Morton
 Bjarne Stroustrup
 Bill Gates
 Brian Kernighan
 Bruce Perens
 David Filo
 Dennis Ritchie
 Donald Knuth
 Douglas McIlroy
 Edsger Dijkstra
 Eric Raymond
 Guido van Rossum
 James Gosling
 John Backus
 John Vincent Atanasoff
 Jon Hall
 Ken Thompson
 Konrad Zuse
 Larry Page
 Larry Wall
 Lawrence Roberts
 Linus Torvalds
 Niklaus Wirth
 Richard Stallman
 Robert Kahn
 Sergey Brin
 Seymour Cray
 Steve Jobs
 Tim Berners-Lee
 Tony Hoare
 Vinton Cerf

Zinema 

 Bud Spencer
 Woody Allen
 Fred Astaire
 Carl Barks
 Clara Bow
 Ingmar Bergman
 Ingrid Bergman
 Humphrey Bogart
 Marlon Brando
 Luis Buñuel
 James Cameron
 Claudia Cardinale
 Jackie Chan
 Charles Chaplin
 Sean Connery
 Francis Ford Coppola
 John Ford
 Bette Davis
 Robert De Niro
 Brian De Palma
 Walt Disney
 Carl Theodor Dreyer
 Sergei Eisenstein
 Clint Eastwood
 Rainer Werner Fassbinder
 Federico Fellini
 Henry Fonda
 Jane Fonda
 Clark Gable
 Greta Garbo
 Luis García Berlanga
 Lillian Gish
 David Wark Griffith
 Katharine Hepburn
 Audrey Hepburn
 Charlton Heston
 Terence Hill
 Alfred Hitchcock
 Krzysztof Kieślowski
 Buster Keaton
 Gene Kelly
 Masaki Kobayashi
 Stanley Kubrick
 Akira Kurosawa
 Burt Lancaster
 Fritz Lang
 Bruce Lee
 Ken Loach
 Sophia Loren
 George Lucas
 David Lynch
 Louis Malle
 Steve Martin
 Marilyn Monroe
 Jeanne Moreau
 F. W. Murnau
 Paul Newman
 Jack Nicholson
 Leslie Nielsen
 Yasujirō Ozu
 Al Pacino
 Pier Paolo Pasolini
 Gregory Peck
 Natalie Portman
 Satyajit Ray
 Jean Renoir
 Jacques Rivette
 Martin Scorsese
 Ridley Scott
 Arnold Schwarzenegger
 Steven Spielberg
 Oliver Stone
 Meryl Streep
 Quentin Tarantino
 Andrei Tarkovski
 Elizabeth Taylor
 John Travolta
 François Truffaut
 Andrzej Wajda
 Orson Welles
 Billy Wilder

Literatura 
A
 Douglas Adams
 Shmuel Yosef Agnon
 Anna Akhmatova
 Rafael Alberti
 Isabel Allende
 Jorge Amado
 Maya Angelou
 Gabriele D'Annunzio
 Apollinaire
 Louis Aragon
 Antonin Artaud
 Isaac Asimov
 Miguel Ángel Asturias
 W. H. Auden

B
 Isaak Babel
 Ingeborg Bachmann
 James Baldwin
 Pío Baroja
 Georges Bataille
 Simone de Beauvoir
 Samuel Beckett
 Saul Bellow
 Mario Benedetti
 Thomas Bernhard
 Maurice Blanchot
 Jorge Luis Borges
 Ray Bradbury
 Bertolt Brecht
 André Breton
 Charles Bukowski
 Mijaíl Bulgákov
 Ivan Bunin
 William S. Burroughs

C
 Guillermo Cabrera Infante
 Italo Calvino
 Albert Camus
 Truman Capote
 Ernesto Cardenal
 Rosario Castellanos
 Constantino Cavafis
 Camilo José Cela
 Paul Celan
 Louis-Ferdinand Céline
 Blaise Cendrars
 René Char
 Arthur C. Clarke
 Paul Claudel
 Julio Cortázar
 Alfonso Cortes
 Hart Crane
 E. E. Cummings
 Paulo Coelho

D
 Roald Dahl
 Rubén Darío
 Robert Desnos
 Alfred Döblin
 H.D. (Hilda Doolittle)
 Marguerite Duras
 Gerald Durrell
 Lawrence Durrell
 Friedrich Dürrenmatt

E
 Umberto Eco
 Ilya Ehrenburg
 Mircea Eliade
 T. S. Eliot
 Paul Éluard
 Odysseas Elytis

F
 Nuruddin Farah
 William Faulkner
 F. Scott Fitzgerald
 Dario Fo
 Anne Frank
 Robert Frost
 Carlos Fuentes

G
 Carlo Emilio Gadda
 Rómulo Gallegos
 Federico García Lorca
 Gabriel García Márquez
 Jean Genet
 André Gide
 Allen Ginsberg
 Natalia Ginzburg
 Jean Giraudoux
 Maxim Gorki
 Günter Grass
 João Guimarães Rosa
 Eduardo Galeano

H
 Gerhart Hauptmann
 Seamus Heaney
 Ernest Hemingway
 Frank Herbert
 Hermann Hesse
 Nazim Hikmet
 Bohumil Hrabal
 L. Ron Hubbard
 Aldous Huxley
 Robert Ervin Howard

I
 Muhammad Iqbal

J
 Max Jacob
 Alfred Jarry
 Elfriede Jelinek
 James Joyce
 Ernst Jünger

K
 Franz Kafka
 Yasunari Kawabata
 Nikos Kazantzakis
 Jack Kerouac
 Imre Kertész
 Stephen King

L
 Selma Lagerlöf
 D. H. Lawrence
 Halldór Laxness
 Harper Lee
 Stan Lee
 Michel Leiris
 Stanisław Lem
 C. S. Lewis
 José Lezama Lima
 Astrid Lindgren
 Clarice Lispector
 Howard Phillips Lovecraft
 Audre Lorde
 Dulce María Loynaz
 Malcolm Lowry
 Lu Xun

M
 Antonio Machado
 Manuel Machado
 Medardo Ángel Silva
 Naguib Mahfuz
 André Malraux
 Osip Mandelstam
 Heinrich Mann
 Thomas Mann
 Vladimir Maiakovski
 Henri Michaux
 Arthur Miller
 Grazyna Miller
 Henry Miller
 Czesław Miłosz
 Gabriela Mistral
 Alan Moore
 Marianne Moore
 Toni Morrison
 Heiner Müller
 Robert Musil

N
 Vladimir Nabokov
 Pablo Neruda

O
 Sean O'Casey
 Juan Carlos Onetti
 George Orwell
 Amos Oz

P
 Orhan Pamuk
 Nicanor Parra
 Boris Pasternak
 Octavio Paz
 Fernando Pessoa
 Arturo Uslar Pietri
 Harold Pinter
 Luigi Pirandello
 Sylvia Plath
 Andrei Platonov
 Francis Ponge
 Ezra Pound
 Pram
 Marcel Proust
 Thomas Pynchon

R
 Ayn Rand
 Erich Maria Remarque
 Anne Rice
 Adrienne Rich
 Dorothy Richardson
 Rainer Maria Rilke
 Yannis Ritsos
 Augusto Roa Bastos
 Alain Robbe-Grillet
 Mercè Rodoreda
 J. K. Rowling
 Juan Rulfo
 Salman Rushdie

S
 Ernesto Sabato
 Nelly Sachs
 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
 J. D. Salinger
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 George Seferis
 Anna Seghers
 Salomón de la Selva
 Ramón J. Sender
 Claude Simon
 Wole Soyinka
 Gertrude Stein
 John Steinbeck
 Wallace Stevens
 Dejan Stojanović
 Italo Svevo
 John Millington Synge
 Wislawa Szymborska

T
 Rabindranath Tagore
 Amy Tan
 J. R. R. Tolkien
 Georg Trakl
 Bruno Traven

U
 Miguel de Unamuno
 Giuseppe Ungaretti
 John Updike

V
 Paul Valéry
 Ramón del Valle-Inclán
 César Vallejo
 Mario Vargas Llosa
 Kurt Vonnegut

W
 Robert Walser
 Frank Wedekind
 T. H. White
 William Carlos Williams
 Monique Wittig
 Virginia Woolf
 Richard Nathaniel Wright

X

Y
 W. B. Yeats

Z
 Stefan Zweig

Musika

Artistak 

A
 Bryan Adams
 Christina Aguilera
 Billie Joe Armstrong
 Louis Armstrong
 Ricardo Arjona
 Joe Arroyo
 Damon Albarn

B
 Syd Barrett (Pink Floyd)
 Béla Bartók
 Matt Bellamy (Muse)
 Tony Bennett
 Chester Bennington (Linkin Park)
 Chuck Berry
 Frank Black (Pixies)
 Bono (U2)
 Miguel Bosé
 David Bowie
 James Brown
 Enrique Bunbury (Héroes del silencio)
 Cliff Burton (Metallica)

C
 John Cage
 Andrés Calamaro
 Roberto Carlos
 Johnny Cash
 Johnny Christ (Avenged Sevenfold)
 Gustavo Cerati
 Ray Charles
 Chubby Checker
 Cher
 Eric Clapton (Derek and the Dominos)
 Adam Clayton (U2)
 Kurt Cobain (Nirvana)
 Nat King Cole
 Phil Collins
 Willie Colón
 John Coltrane
 David Coverdale (Whitesnake)
 David Crosby (Crosby, Stills & Nash)
 Celia Cruz
 Chris Cornell
 Billy Corgan (The Smashing Pumpkins)
 Jerry Cantrell (Alice in Chains)

D
 Bruce Dickinson (Iron Maiden)
 Dave Gahan (Depeche Mode)
 Miles Davis
 John Deacon (Queen)
 Claude Debussy
 Celine Dion
 Fats Domino
 Donovan
 Rocío Dúrcal
 Bob Dylan

E
 The Edge (U2)
 Duke Ellington
 Joe Elliott (Def Leppard)
 Eminem
 Gloria Estefan

F
 Roberta Flack
 John Fogerty (Creedence Clearwater Revival)
 Aretha Franklin

G
 Charly García
 Carlos Gardel
 Synyster Gates (Avenged Sevenfold)
 Art Garfunkel (Simon & Garfunkel)
 Dizzy Gillespie
 Carlos Mejía Godoy
 Luis Enrique Mejía Godoy
 Al Green
 Noel Gallagher
 Liam Gallagher
 Dave Grohl (Foo Fighters)(Nirvana)
 
H
 Bill Haley
 Rob Halford (Judas Priest)
 Kirk Hammett (Metallica)
 Steve Harris (Iron Maiden)
 George Harrison (The Beatles)
 Isaac Hayes
 Jimi Hendrix
 Álvaro Henríquez (Los Tres)
 James Hetfield (Metallica)
 Billie Holiday
 Whitney Houston
 Dominic Howard (Muse)
 Engelbert Humperdinck

I
 Julio Iglesias
 Camarón de la Isla
 Mike Inez (Alice in Chains)

J
 Michael Jackson
 Mick Jagger (The Rolling Stones)
 Víctor Jara
 Jean-Michel Jarre
 Antonio Carlos Jobim
 Elton John
 Tom Jones
 Janis Joplin
 José José
 Bon Jovi
 Rocío Jurado

K
 Carole King
 Mark Knopfler (Dire Straits)

L
 Héctor Lavoe
 Cyndi Lauper
 John Lennon (The Beatles)
 Lady Gaga

M
 Michael Jackson
 Madonna
 Yngwie J. Malmsteen
 Marilyn Manson
 Bob Marley
 Dean Martin
 Ricky Martin
 Brian May (Queen)
 Paul McCartney (The Beatles)
 Shakira Mebarak
 Melissa
 Freddie Mercury (Queen)
 Olivier Messiaen
 George Michael (Wham!)
 Luis Miguel
 Charles Mingus
 Carmen Miranda
 Joni Mitchell
 Vinícius de Moraes
 Jim Morrison (The Doors)
 Morrissey (The Smiths)
 Larry Mullen (U2)
 Dave Mustaine (Megadeth)

N
 Graham Nash (Crosby, Stills & Nash)
 Carlos Núñez
 Jason Newsted (Metallica)
O
 Amparo Ochoa
 Mike Oldfield
 Ozzy Osbourne (Black Sabbath)
 Roy Orbison
 Krist Novoselic (Nirvana)

P
 Fito Páez
 Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin)
 Pappo
 Charlie Parker
 Violeta Parra
 Mike Patton (Faith No More)
 Laura Pausini
 John Petrucci (Dream Theater)
 John Phillips (The Mamas & the Papas)
 Édith Piaf
 Astor Piazzolla
 Wilson Pickett
 Robert Plant (Led Zeppelin)
 Iggy Pop
 Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater)
 Elvis Presley
 Ali Primera

R
 The Rev (Avenged Sevenfold)
 Eros Ramazzotti
 Joey Ramone (Ramones)
 Johnny Ramone (Ramones)
 Otis Redding
 Lou Reed (The Velvet Underground)
 Trent Reznor (Nine Inch Nails)
 Cliff Richard
 Keith Richards (The Rolling Stones)
 Lionel Richie
 Otto de la Rocha
 Silvio Rodríguez
 Axl Rose (Guns N' Roses)
 Diana Ross (The Supremes)
 David Lee Roth (Van Halen)
 Johnny Rotten
 Paulina Rubio
 Ruslana

S
 Sandro de América
 Joaquín Sabina
 Carlos Santana
 Joan Manuel Serrat
 M. Shadows (Avenged Sevenfold)
 Alejandro Sanz
 Joe Satriani
 Arnold Schoenberg
 Joan Manuel Serrat
 Paul Simon (Simon & Garfunkel)
 Gene Simmons (Kiss)
 Frank Sinatra
 Slash (Guns N' Roses)
 Biggie Smalls
 Bessie Smith
 Robert Smith (The Cure)
 Soda Stereo
 Mercedes Sosa
 Britney Spears
 Luis Alberto Spinetta
 Bruce Springsteen
 Paul Stanley (Kiss)
 Ringo Starr (The Beatles)
 Stephen Stills (Crosby, Stills & Nash)
 Sting (The Police)
 Igor Stravinski
 Barbra Streisand
 Joe Strummer
 David Summers (Hombres G)
 Layne Staley (Alice in Chains)
 Mike Starr

T
 Tom Jones
 Serj Tankian (System of a Down)
 Roger Meddows-Taylor (Queen)
 Justin Timberlake (NSYNC)
 Ana Torroja (Mecano)
 Pete Townshend (The Who)
 Tina Turner

V
 Claudio Valenzuela (Lucybell)
 Eddie Van Halen (Van Halen)
 Zacky Vengeance (Avenged Sevenfold)
 Vangelis
 Sid Vicious (Sex Pistols)
 Daniel Viglietti

W
 Tom Waits
 Roger Waters (Pink Floyd)
 Anton Webern
 John Williams
 Robbie Williams
 Brian Wilson (The Beach Boys)
 Stevie Wonder

Y
 Thom Yorke (Radiohead)
 Neil Young

Z
 Frank Zappa

Taldeak 

A
 A-ha
 ABBA
 AC/DC
 Aerosmith
 Accept
 Alice in Chains
 Arch Enemy
 Avenged Sevenfold
 Anthrax

B
 Blur
 Backstreet Boys
 Barón Rojo
 The Beach Boys
 The Beatles
 Bee Gees
 Black Sabbath
 Burzum

C
 Cannibal Corpse
 The Carpenters
 Celtic Frost
 The Chieftains
 The Clash
 The Corrs
 Cream
 Creedence Clearwater Revival
 Crosby, Stills & Nash
 The Cure

D
 Dead Kennedys
 Deep Purple
 Deftones
 Depeche Mode
 Derek and the Dominos
 Dire Straits
 The Doors
 Dream Theater
 Duncan Dhu
 Diamond Head
 Dragonforce

E
 El TRI
 Eskorbuto
 Extremoduro
 Exodus

F
 Faith No More
 Fear Factory

G
 Gorillaz
 Genesis
 Green Day
 Guns N' Roses

H
 Héroes del Silencio
 HIM
 Hombres G

I
 Incubus
 Iron Butterfly
 Iron Maiden

J
 The Jackson Five
 The Jam
 Judas Priest

K
 The Kinks
 Kiss
 Korn
 Kreator

L
 Led Zeppelin
 Linkin Park
 Los Prisioneros
 Lucybell
 Los Rodríguez

M
 Mägo de Oz
 The Mamas & the Papas
 Maná
 Mecano
 Megadeth
 Metallica
 Muse
 Mother Love Bone
 Mayhem

N
 'N Sync
 New Order
 Nine Inch Nails
 Nirvana

O
 Oasis

P
 Pandora
 Pantera
 Papa Roach
 Pearl Jam
 Petra
 Pink Floyd
 Piperrak
 The Pixies
 The Police
 La Polla Records

Q
 Queen
 Quilapayun

R
 Radiohead
 Rage Against the Machine
 Rammstein
 Ramones
 Rata Blanca
 Red Hot Chili Peppers
 The Righteous Brothers
 The Rolling Stones
 Rush
 RIO

S
 Seru Giran
 Sepultura
 Sex Pistols
 Siam Shade
 Simon & Garfunkel
 Ska-p
 Slayer
 Slipknot
 The Smashing Pumpkins
 The Smiths
 Soda Stereo
 Sonic Youth
 Silverchair
 Soundgarden
 Spice Girls
 Status Quo
 Stone Temple Pilots
 Supertramp
 Sui Generis
 The Supremes
 System of a Down

T
 Take That
 Tool
 Toto
 Los Tres

U
 U2
 UFO

V
 Van Halen
 The Velvet Underground

W
 The Wailers
 Whitesnake
 The Who

Y
 The Yardbirds
 Yes

Erlijioa 
 Joan Paulo I.a
 Joan Paulo II.a
 Joan XXIII.a
 Paulo VI.a
 Pio XII.a
 Pio XI.a
 Benedikto XV.a
 Pio X.a
 Leon XIII.a
 Ama Teresa
 Dalai Lama

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Kanpo estekak 

XX. mendea