nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Accroides

== Description ==
A red or yellow resin obtained from the base of Australian grass trees of the Xanthorrhoea family. Red accroides, or red gum, comes primarily from X. australis in southeastern Australia. Yellow accroides, or black boy gum, is relatively scarce and comes from the tree X. preissii of Western Australia. The resins are chemically similar to balsams and contain some cinnamic acid. They produce hard, insoluble films. Treatment with sulfuric acid produces a lightfast brown-black dye (Brady 1971). Accroides is used for varnishes, metal lacquers, surface finishes for leather and paper, substitute for rosin, sealing waxes, and inks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acaroid; gum accroides; résine acaroïde (Fr.); goma de acroides (Esp.); yacca gum; black boy resin; black boy gum; red acaroid; red gum; grass tree gum; Botany Bay gum; xanthorrea resin; xanthorrhoea gum cement
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol and aniline. Slightly soluble in chlorinated compounds.
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 7
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Acephate

== Description ==
An organophosphorus pesticide used on many food crops. Acephate is produced as a soluble powder and typically supplied as a spray. It is also used for interior applicastion to kill moths, larvae, and roaches.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Orthene; Asataf; Pillarthene; Kitron; Ortho 12420; Chrevron RE 12420
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Composition	C4H10NO3PS
CAS 	30560-19-1
== Risks ==
* Exposure may results in skin and eye irritation. 
* Forms toxic fumes when heated to decomposition.
* LD50 for mammals =500-5000 mg/kg. It is considered toxic for birds and bees.
Category:Materials database
Acetal

== Description ==
A colorless, volatile liquid obtained from the reaction of acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol. Acetal has a pleasing odor and a nutlike aftertaste. It is used as a solvent, and as an ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes (such as jasmine) and flavorings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
diethylacetal; 1,1-diethoxyethane; ethylidenediethyl ether; acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
== Risks ==
* Highly flammable. Flash point = -12C. 
* Sensitive to light, moisture and heat. 
* May form explosive peroxides. 
* Contact causes irritation. 
* Narcotic in high concentrations. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	CH3CH(OC2H5)2
CAS 	105-57-7
Melting Point 	-100 C
Density 	0.8254 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 118.18
Refractive Index	1.379-1.385
Boiling Point 	102.7 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Acetal resin

== Description ==
A thermoplastic polymer produced by the polymerization of formaldehyde into very long, linear oxymethylene (-O-CH2-O-CH2-) chains. Polyacetal was first produced in 1959 by DuPont under the name Delrin®. The highly crystalline resin is glossy, dense, stiff and strong. Among the toughest and most fatigue resistance of commercial thermoplastics, it is often used as a metal replacement. Acetal resin is resistant to moisture, heat, chemicals and solvents, but is sensitive to temperature. It can be metal plated, injection molded, welded, machined or extruded. Acetal resin is used for mechanical parts (gears, bushings), pipes, automotive parts, communication equipment, videocassettes, and cosmetic containers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
AC; polyacetal; resina acetálica (Esp.); poliacetal (Esp.); acétal (Fr.); resina de acetal (Port.); polyoxymethylene; POM: polyoxide; polyether; polyformaldehyde 
Examples: Delrin® [DuPont]; Celcon® [Ticona]; Hostaform® [Ticona]; Ultraform® [BASF];
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiDELRINacetal.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks ==
Combustible but very slow burning. Decomposes at high temperatures. May produce formaldehyde on decomposition.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in dimethylformamide, benzyl alcohol. Insoluble in methanol, diethyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons. Burns soot-free. Resistant to acids, and alkalis.
TAP Plastics: Technical data sheet
Melting Point	165-175 C
Density 	1.425 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 791
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, E1142, 695-696, Jul-94
* M.Kaufman, The First Century of Plastics, The Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, 1963
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
Category:Materials database
Acetaldehyde

== Description ==
A colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic fruity odor. Acetaldehyde reacts as a reducing agent when mixed with Tollen's reagent (ammonia - silver nitrate) to form metallic silver on mirrors. It is used in the manufacture of paraldehyde, perfumes, flavors, aniline dyes, plastics, synthetic rubber, explosives. Acetaldehyde is also used to harden gelatin fibers and as a preservative and flavoring agent in foods and beverages.
Acetaldehyde is an aerosol pollutant in outdoor, as well as, indoor environments. Additionally, its use in industry is widespread where it may be released into waste water or the air. As acetaldehyde is a precursor of acetic acid, the potential to damage museum objects is high. 
* See Pollutant record for a comparison table of aerosols and collection risks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ethanal (IUPAC); acetic aldehyde; aldehyde; ethyanal; ethyl aldehyde
== Personal Risks ==
* Flammable, explosion risk, suspected carcinogen. 
* Irritating to skin, eye and throat with the potential to cause burns and dermatitis. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Collection Risks==
* Metal corrosion
* Cellulose and protein embrittlement
* Degradation of soda-rich glass, enamels, and pigments
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene, gasoline, solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene, turpentine, acetone.
Composition 	CH2CHO
CAS 	75-07-0
Melting Point 	-123.5 C
Density 	0.788 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 44.05
Refractive Index	1.379
Boiling Point 	21 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Wikipedia: Acetaldehyde Accessed July 2023
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, E41, 23-24, Sep-92
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.379
Category:Materials databaseCategory: MWGCategory: Climate/Environment
Acetanilide

== Description ==
A white, odorless powder that has a burning taste. Acetanilide is produced from aniline using acetic acid. The shiny, leaflet crystals are stable in air. Acetanilide was used in the 19th century to treat fever and headaches but was discontinued because of toxic side effects. It is still used in the manufacture of medicines and dyes, as an accelerator for rubber vulcanization, as a stabilizer for cellulose ester dopes and lacquers, and as a synthetic camphor.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
n-phenylacetamide; antifebrin; acetylaniline; acetylaminobenzene; acetic acid anilide; acetanil; n-acetylaniline; n-phenyl acetamide
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|acetanilide.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by ingestion. 
* Causes cyanosis. 
* Skin contact and inhalation cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in hot water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, acetone, glycerol and benzene.
Composition 	C8H9NO
CAS 	103-84-4
Melting Point 	114-116 C
Density 	1.2105 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=135.17
Boiling Point 	303.8 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetanilide (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Acetate

== Description ==
1) Common name for cellulose acetate; see cellulose acetate, acetate fiber, and acetate film.
2) A salt or ester of acetic acid, such as copper acetate or ethyl acetate.
== Synonyms and related terms ==
Acetato (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Acetate Filament, Dull, In Glycerine

Source: HCTC collections,
002.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.BF.200X.glycerine	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	none
Title 	acetate filament dull
Image Identification information	002.acetatefilamentdull.11-22.2013.BF. 200X.glycerine
Date of image capture 	11/22/13
Microscopist 	K. Jakes
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	glycerine, 1.473
Delustrant 	delustrant apparent
002.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.POL.200X.glycerine	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	none
Title 	Acetate filament dull
Image Identification information	002.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.POL.200X.glycerine
Image capture 	digital image
Date of image capture 	11/22/13
Microscopist 	K. Jakes
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	glycerine, 1.473
Microscopic technique 	Polarized light, fiber at maximum brightness
Delustrant 	delustrant apparent
001.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.BF.200X.glycerine	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	none
Title 	acetate filament dull
Image Identification information	001.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.BF.200X.glycerine
Date of image capture 	11/22/13
Microscopist 	K. Jakes
Microscope 	Zeiss
Mounting agent and RI 	glycerine, 1.473
Striations 	Striations
003.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.POLFOR.200X.glycerine_(c1)	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	none
Title 	acetate filament dull
Image Identification information	003 acetate filament dull. 11-22-2013. POLFOR 200X glycerine
Date of image capture 	11/22/13
Microscopist 	K. Jakes
Microscope 	Zeiss
Mounting agent and RI 	glycerine, 1.473
Sign of elongation 	positive sign of elongation (subtraction color along axis perpendicular to Red I)
004.acetatefilamentdull.11-22-2013.POLFOR.200X.glycerine_(c1)	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	none
Title 	acetate filament dull
Image Identification information	004.acetatefilamentdull.11-22.2013.POLFOR.200X.glycerine
Date of image capture 	11/22/13
Microscopist 	K. Jakes
Microscope 	Zeiss
Mounting agent and RI 	glycerine, 1.473
Sign of elongation 	positive sign of elongation, (addition color parallel to long axis of Red I)
Category:FRIL
Category: FRIL: Acetate
Category: FRIL: Manufactured Fibers
Acetate dye

== Description ==
Dyestuffs used for dyeing acetate fibers. The most common type of dye used for acetate fibers is a disperse dye. It consists of a water-insoluble azo or anthraquinone dye that is dispersed in an aqueous dyebath with the aid of a surfactant. It is readily absorbed by the acetate fiber producing a brilliant and water-fast color. A second type of dye, amino azo, is solubilized, rather than dispersed, in an aqueous dye bath. It is also absorbed into the acetate fiber, then treated with acid to produce an insoluble, permanent color.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
coloranti per fibre all'acetato (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Acetate envelope

== Description ==
A double-sheet of clear cellulose acetate sealed around two or three edges to form a clear sleeve. Acetate envelopes have been used for see-through protection of fragile documents, letters, photographs and maps. Additionally cellulose acetate film was used to laminate documents. It is rarely used now, with preference given to polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester films and envelopes. 
See also acetate film.
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Acetate film

== Description ==
A transparent, colorless plastic film composed of cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) or cellulose propionate (CP). Cellulose acetate was first used as a photographic film in 1908 (Eastman-Kodak) and by 1910 the acetate film produced by Dreyfus in France started to replace cellulose nitrate motion picture film. Sheets of cellulose acetate were marketed by 1927. Cellulose acetate butyrate became a commercial product in 1938 and after some initial production difficulties, cellulose propionate followed in 1955. All of these are classified as 'slow burning' by the Underwriters' Laboratories. Because of this property and their excellent dimensional stability, cellulose acetates have been used as motion picture safety film to minimize any fire hazard during projection. They have also been used for animation cells. Other uses include laminations, document preservation, pressure sensitive tape, sound recording tape, windows in paper envelopes and food packaging.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
safety film; non-flam film; acetate base film; acetaat film (Ned.); film acétate (Fr.); Azetatfilm (Deut.); Sichersheitsfilm (Deut.); film d'acetato (It.); pellicola all'acetato di cellulosa (It.); pelicula de acetato (Esp.); película de acetato (Port.); cellulosaacetatfilm (Sven.); film in acetato (It.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Cellulose diacetate: soluble in acetone, insoluble in water. Cellulose triacetate: soluble in methylene chloride; insoluble in acetone, water. Cellulose acetate butyrate; insoluble in acetone or methylene chloride.
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 Comment: CA film first made in 1909; CP film made in 1945
* Website: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html - "in 1908 Eastman Kodak introduced a cellulose triacetate film and..by 1910 the Dreyfus plant produced a true acetate film"
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
* Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, R.E.Kirk, D.F.Othmer (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1984 Comment: CA film marketed 1929, CP film made 1945 then withdrawn and reissued in 1955.
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Acetate rayon

== Description ==
Highly oriented cellulose fibers produced from cellulose acetate that has been saponified with caustic soda. Developed during the 1930s, acetate rayons are made by first producing cellulose acetate fibers from cellulose. Then the fibers are heated and stretched to aligned the cellulose acetate molecules. The final step is reconversion to cellulose in an alkaline solution. The properties of acetate rayon are similar to cotton. It has good dimensionally stability and is used in parachute ropes and fabrics, belting, hoses and balloon fabrics. It is often coated with rubber for tarpaulins and protective fabrics.
See rayon. 
Note: Cellulose acetate was called rayon prior to 1951 and may have also been called acetate rayon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acetato de celulosa saponificado (Esp.); rayonne (Fr.); acetaat rayon (Ned); saponified cellulose acetate; Fortisan [Courtaulds]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Tenacity = 6-7 g/denier (dry); 5-6 g/denier (wet); 
* Elongation = 6%; 
* Moisture regain = 10.7%; 
* Density = 1.5
* Cross section is irregular. 
* Some lengthwise striations may be seen.
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 654
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
Category:Materials database
Acetic anhydride

== Description ==
A colorless liquid with a strong acetic acid odor. Acetic anhydride is a strong acetylating agent and is used primarily for the production of cellulose acetate fibers and plastics. It is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, perfumes, and explosives.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|acetic anhydride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acetic acid anhydride; acetyl oxide; acetic oxide; ethanoic anhydride
== Risks ==
* Readily combustible, fire hazard. 
* Overexposure may result in edema, eye irritation, cough, skin burns and dermatitis. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Reacts with water slowly to form acetic acid. Reacts with alcohols to form the corresponding acetate. Soluble in chloroform and ether.
Composition 	(CH3CO)2O
CAS 	108-24-7
Melting Point 	-73 C
Density 	1.080 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 102.2
Refractive Index	1.3904
Boiling Point 	139 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: ref. index=1.3904
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.8
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.389
Category:Materials database
Acetin

== Description ==
A thick, straw-color, hygroscopic liquid. The commercial product is composed of a mixture of the mono-, di- and tri-acetates that are formed by heating glycerol with glacial acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for basic dyes and tannins. It is also used to gelatinize smokeless powders and as a reagent in dynamite. 
See also triacetin.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
monoacetin; glyceryl monoacetate; 1,2,3-propanetriol monoacetate; acetyl monoglyceride;
== Risks ==
* Contact causes irritation. 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, ethanol. Insoluble in benzene.
Composition 	C3H5(OH)2-O-(C=O)-CH3
CAS 	26446-35-5
Density 	1.206 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 134.13
Boiling Point 	130-158 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 Comment: b.p. = 130-158 C; CAS = 102-76-1
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: triacetin (#9721)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 8; b.p. =133-153 C
Category:Materials database
Acetone

== Description ==
An important colorless, volatile, liquid solvent with a sweet odor. Acetone is obtained as a byproduct of wood distillation or the fermentation of corn mash. It has been known since the 19th century where it was used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, and many of the newly developed plastics. Acetone was also used for dyeing cotton with aniline black and dewaxing oils. It will dissolve many common materials such as plastic eyeglasses, nail polish, adhesive tape, pens, rayon, plastic containers, inks, dyes, photographic film, waxes, shellac, rubbers, and coatings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dimethylketone; dimethylketal; ketopropane; 2-propanone; Acetona (Port.);
== Risks ==
* Highly flammable with a low flash point (-18C). 
* Overexposure can cause skin, eye, nose and throat irritation, headache and dizziness. 
* Ingestion causes vomiting. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
* EPA lists acetone as hazardous waste due to ignitability; concentrations over 10% must be disposed of appropriately
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible with water, ethanol, dimethylformamide, chloroform, ether and most oils.
Composition 	CH3COCH3
CAS 	67-64-1
Melting Point 	-94 C
Density 	0.788 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 58.08
Refractive Index	1.3591
Boiling Point 	56.5 C
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.9
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: ref. index=1.3591
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.357
Category:Materials database