nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lac-mushi no jyushi jyo - left (305 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_305.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 305
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (305 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| wool
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| purplish pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ラック虫の樹脂状 : Lac-mushi no jyushi jyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Lac dye
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| resinous secretion developed by the scale insect Kerria lacca
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| resinous secretion / dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| soaked in alcohol
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| sodium carbonate solution ?
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum (added into dye bath)
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| vinegar
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyestuff was soaked in alcohol to extract the dye compound. The extract was mixed with sodium carbonate solution ? () to make a solution for dye bath, to which both vinegar and alum were also added. The dye bath was in an acidic condition, and warmed up during the dyeing. The resultant colors were slightly darker than those dyed with the commercially available pre-extracted lac dye. Similar type of dyed colors are seen with a couple of objects in the Shsoin treasures (), and the results of this experiment may suggest a possible dyestuff used for them.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Lac-mushi no jyushi jyo - right (305 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_305.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 305
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (305 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| purplish red
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ラック虫の樹脂状 : Lac-mushi no jyushi jyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Lac dye
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| resinous secretion developed by the scale insect Kerria lacca
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| resinous secretion / dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| soaked in alcohol
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| sodium carbonate solution?
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum (added into dye bath)
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| vinegar
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyestuff was soaked in alcohol to extract the dye compound. The extract was mixed with sodium carbonate solution ? () to make a solution for dye bath, to which both vinegar and alum were also added. The dye bath was in an acidic condition, and warmed up during the dyeing. The resultant colors were slightly darker than those dyed with the commercially available pre-extracted lac dye. Similar type of dyed colors are seen with a couple of objects in the Shsoin treasures (), and the results of this experiment may suggest a possible dyestuff used for them.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Lac dye

== Description ==
A deep red colorant extracted from the crude shellac resin excreted by the lac insect, Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca (formerly Coccus lacca), indigenous to southeast Asia. The lac insect is most often found on banyan trees (Ficus benghalensis, or F. indica) and on juniper trees (Rhamnus jujuba). Lac dye is a byproduct produced during the shellac purification process. Its primary colorant is laccaic acid (C20H14O11). Lac dye was an important dyestuff used since ancient times. The bright red colorant gave a lightfast tint to silk and wool. It is similar in color to dyes obtained from cochineal and kermes. Lac dye was also precipitated with alumina trihydrate to make Indian lake pigment. Now synthetic colorants have replaced the use of lac dye.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lac lake; lac colorant; Natural Red 25; CI 75450; laccaic acid; gomme laque (Fr.); lic-lac (Deut.); laca (Esp., Port.); tinta laca (Esp.); Indiki lakka (Gr.); lacca (It.); lac-lac (Ned.); lakka (Fin.); na ros (Tibetan); gummilack; caked lac; grained lac; kadi lakh; seed-lac; rangbatti; stick lac; Indian lake; lac-dye; lacchaic acid; lac day;
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Laccaic acid is soluble in methanol (dries to form needle-like crystals).
== Resources and Citations ==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Lac." (Accessed 15 Mar. 2004) Insect = laccifer lacca
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments" gives insect as Kerria lacca, which lives on fig trees in India and East Asia
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: Insect - Coccus lacca
* Judith Hofenk-de Graaff, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, 1969
* J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Website: http://www.coloria.net/varita.htm - Finnish name
Category:Materials database
Lac wax

== Description ==
A solid fatty acid ester compound obtained from shellac resin. Shellac contains approximately 3-6% wax and is separated as a byproduct during shellac processing. Lac wax primarily contains myricyl and ceryl alcohols with a small proportion of heavier alcohols and some hydrocarbons ranging from C42 to C68. As early as the 17th century lac wac was imported to Europe and used as a sealing wax. The hard, golden-color wax is no longer commonly used. In shellac varnishes, the incomplete removeal of lac wax can produce a hazy appearance.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cera de laca (Esp.); shellac wax; lacwax
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Iodine value=6.0-8.8
* Acid value=12.1-24.3
* Saponification value = 63.8-83.0
* Melting Point = 78-82 C
* Density = 0.971-0.980 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" [Accessed February 6, 2003]. gives 17th c. for first use in Europe
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point = 79-82; density=0.971-0.980; iodine value=6.0-8.8, acid value=12.1-24.3; saponification value = 63.8-83.0
Category:Materials database
Laccaic acid

== Description ==
A red dyestuff that is the primary colorant in lac dye. Laccaic acid is an oxy-anthracinone carbon acid. It is extracted from the raw sticklac during the shellac purification process using a dilute solution of sodium carbonate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lac dye; Natural Red 25; CI 75450
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Laccaic acid is soluble in methanol (dries to form needle-like crystals).
* Composition = C20H14O10
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5342
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigments'
* Judith Hofenk-de Graaff, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Lace

== Description ==
A decorative fabric consisting of an openwork pattern of threads. Early samples of decorative knotted cords have been found in Peru dating from about 2000 BCE. Modern lacemaking techniques originated in Europe with two primary kinds of laces: needlepoint and bobbin. Needlepoint lace derived from embroidery while bobbin lace is a form of weaving or macramé. Needlepoint, or point, laces are hand embroidered with a needle and, typically, a buttonhole stitch. Point laces were first made in Italy in the early 16th century, then quickly spread through Europe and are still being made in Ireland and Belgium. Bobbin, or pillow, lace is made with spools of thread that are wound around pins then plaited, interlaced, twisted, and/or knotted. Bobbin laces were first made by hand in the mid-16th century, but were replaced by machine-made bobbin mesh by the mid-1800s. Linen was the most used thread for lace in Europe before 1800. After that time, cotton became more widespread. Other threads used in lace include: silk, hair, wool, metal, and, more recently, synthetic fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dentelle (Fr.); encaje (Esp.); puntilla (Esp.); kant (algemeen) (Ned); needle lace; needlepoint lace; point lace; bobbin lace; pillow lace; machine lace;
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Lace." Accessed 30 July 2004 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lace paper

== Description ==
A decorative paper embossed or cut to give the appearance of lace. Lace paper is generally made from bleached chemical wood pulp that is hard sized and has a high tensile strength. It is used for paper doilies, valentine cards, and box liners.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Lacewood

== Description ==
A common name wood from numerous trees with striking patterns in their cut planks. Most species are found in Australian, southeast Asia, 
or South America. Two significant types are:
1) A pink wood with a distinctive ornamental figuring obtained from species Cadwellia sublimis native to Australia. Lacewood has a straight grain and coarse texture that is similar to oak. Lacewood has a silver sheen and is used for veneer, inlays, cabinetry, flooring, boxes, and furniture. 
2) A reddish brown wood quartersawed from sycamore trees (Platanus occidentalis) native to the eastern United States. It is sold commercially as lacewood because the quartersawed wood has a grain pattern with characteristic flake-shaped markings. The surface is fine-grain and it polishes to a high gloss. The wood is used for tool handles, furniture, flooring, and veneer.
3) Other trees include: Gravillea robusta (eastern Australia); Lagetta lagetto (Caribbean), Roupala montana (South America). Roupala brailiensis (Brazil); Panopsis spp. (Brazil)
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lace wood; Brazilian Lacewood, South American Lacewood
1) Cadwellia sublimis; silky oak; northern silky oak; selano; bulk oak; oongaary; golden spanglewood
2) Platanus occidentalis; platano (It.); sycamore; Oriental plane 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
1. Tall tree, often reaching 30 m. Bark is thin. Leaves are entire and large, reaching 65cm length. Flowers occur in spring-summer producing profuse cream-white coverage, woody oval follicles and numerous winged seeds. Specific gravity = 0.60 (air dry); weight = 37 ppcf
2. Large tree reaching to 40 m and 2 m diameter. Bark is mottled, flaking off in large masses. Leaves are alternate, palmately nerved, broadly ovate or orbicular, 10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 in) inches long.
== Additional Images ==
File:lacewoodwg.jpg|Lacewood (Roupala brasiliensis)
File:lacewoodwc.jpg|Lacewood (Cadwellia sublimis)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_occidentalis (Accessed Oct. 2020); 
Category:Materials database
Lacquer, Oriental

== Description ==
A hard, insoluble coating prepared from the resinous exudation of the varnish tree (Rhus vernicifera) and the wax tree (Rhus succedanea) native to China and cultivated in Japan . Oriental lacquer, or urushi, contains urushiol, hydrourushiol, some polysaccharides (5-7%), laccase (1-2%), and water (20-25%). It thickens and solidifies by oxidative polymerization when exposed to humid air forming a hard, durable film that takes a high polish. Urushi lacquer has been used for at least 6000 years as a protective and decorative coating. It was applied to wooden furniture, musical instruments, weapons, jewelry, and household items. During the 18th century, Oriental lacquerware became very popular in Europe and its appearance was often imitated using non-urushi coatings. Today, urushi is still used for clear and pigmented coating on furniture, dishes, boxes, and decorative items.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
urushi; Rhus vernicifera; Rhus succedanea; urushi (Jap.); yun (Burm.); lacado oriental (Esp.); lacca del Giappone (It); true lacquer; rhus lacquer
Types include: Oriental lacquer; Asian lacquer; Japanese lacquer; Chinese lacquer; Far East lacquer; Far Eastern lacquer; Ceylon lacquer
==Risks==
* Contact may causes severe irritation. 
* Oriental lacquer contains urushiol, the chemical that causes poison ivy rash.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Resistant to solvents, acids and alkalis. 
* Deteriorated by ultraviolet light, heat and low relative humidities. 
* Deteriorated samples can be damaged by water.
* Density = 1.002 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Marianne Webb, Lacquer Technology and Conservation, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2000. 
* N.Umney, "Oriental Lacquer" Conservation News, Number 32, March 1987 and Number 33, July 1987. 
* N.Bromelle, P.Smith (ed.) Urushi. Proceedings of the 1985 Urushi Study Group, Japan, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1988.
* Ishikawa Wajima Urushi Art Museum: www.isei.or.jp/Urushi_Museum/Urushi_Museum.html
* Bishop Museum: www.bishop.hawaii.org/bishop/conservation/lacquer.html
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: F.Minney, "Lacquer"
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 435
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lacquer, synthetic

== Description ==
A protective or decorative coating that dries by solvent evaporation to a hard, glossy film. Synthetic lacquers were originally composed of cellulose nitrate mixed with a plasticizer (camphor) and dissolved in a solvent (see Duco®). Later in the 1930s alkyd lacquers and alkyd modified cellulose nitrate lacquers were developed that provided a harder and more durable finish. Currently, many weather resistant lacquers are on the market that are based on acrylic, vinyl, alkyd, or cellulose ester resins. Car lacquers, typically acrylic based systems, have occasionally been used by artists but are not recommended because their outdoor lifetime is 12-15 years (Mayer 1966). 
See also lacquer, Oriental.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
synthetic lacquer; laque synthétique (Fr.); laca sintética (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Category:Materials database
Lacquer solvent

== Description ==
A common name for a commercial volatile solvent or solvent mixture capable of solubilizing synthetic lacquers such as cellulose nitrate. When the lacquer solvent evaporates, it deposits the resin as a thin cohesive film. Some lacquer solvents are acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, toluene, xylene, and butyl acetate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lacquer thinner
== Risks ==
* Most are flammable with explosive potential.
* JMN Specialties: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Lacquerware

== Description ==
A wooden object coated with numerous layers of Oriental lacquer. The thick hard coating often is prepared with alternating color layers and then is carved into a decorative pattern. The individual layers contain inorganic fillers and brightly colored pigments. Lacquerware, used for furniture and dishes, was simulated in many European workshops with a process known as japanning.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lacado (Esp.); laque (Fr.); lacquer work
Category:Materials database
Lactic acid

== Description ==
A thick water-soluble liquid that occurs naturally in sour milk. Lactic acid is also found in fermented molasses, apples, tomato juice, beer, and wine. It is formed by the action of Bacillus acidilacti on glucose, sucrose, and lactose. Lactic acid is used in dyeing vats as a mordant for wools and as a solvent for water-insoluble dyes. It is also used in leather processing.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|lactic acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
milk acid; alpha-hydroxypropionic acid; DL-lactic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
== Risks ==
* Combustible. Flash point = 110 C 
* Medium strength acid. 
* Contact may cause redness or burns. 
* Flinn Scientific: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol, furfural. Slightly soluble in ether. Insoluble in chloroform, petroleum ether and carbon disulfide.
Composition 	CH3CH2OCOOH
CAS 	50-21-5
Melting Point 	18 C
Density 	1.2 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 90.1
Boiling Point 	122 C
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4059
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Lactitol

== Description ==
A synthetic disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose radicals. Lactitol use used as a substitute for sugar in low calorie foods.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Milchen [TOWA Chemical, Japan]; Lacty [PURAC Biochem, Holland]; Lactit (Deut.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	C12H24O11
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 344.32
==Resources and Citations==
* S.Imazu, A,Morgos, "Lactitol Conservation in an Open-Air Environment of Large Wood Elements of a 5th Century AD Dugout Pipeline" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon 1999. p. 614-618.
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5352
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactitol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Lactose

== Description ==
A double sugar molecule found naturally in milk solids. Lactose powder has a sweet taste and is used in infant foods and ice cream. It is also used as a sorbent in liquid chromatography.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
4-o-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose; milk sugar; saccharum lactis; lactin
== Risks ==
* No known hazards. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in ether and chloroform.
Composition 	C12H32O11-H2O
CAS 	63-42-3
Melting Point 	201-202 C
Density 	1.525 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 342.30
Boiling Point 	(dec)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5356
Category:Materials database
Lactron

== Description ==
[Kanebo Textiles, Japan] A brand name for a synthetic fiber made from corn. Lactron is composed of polylactic acid produced from a process that starts with the fermentation of cornstarch. The environmentally friendly product is made from plants and will safely decompose upon disposal.
Note: The patent for Lactron was abandoned in 2006.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
corn fiber; polylactic acid
==Resources and Citations==
* Kanebo Ltd: History - Textiles to Cosmetics (Accessed 2022)
Category:Materials database
Lacustrine clay

== Description ==
An ancient clay deposited as geological strata on the bottom or shore of a lake. Lacustrine clays are considered high quality and are similar in composition to estuarine clays.
==Resources and Citations==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database