nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
National Allocation Plan

The National Allocation Plan involves the mapping of how many European Union Allowances are granted to involved parties. In 2003 the European Union passed a directive establishing a European Union Emission Trading Scheme to cap carbon dioxide emissions. Part of the directive established a market-based mechanism for emitters of CO2 to either reduce emissions or purchase emission permits from sellers in the EU with excess supply.
The 2003 directive provided that each of the 25 member states of the EU submit a National Allocation Plan, or NAP, outlining how many initial European Union Allowances were to be granted to industry participants. Approximately 45% of EU industry is subject to the directive, with an aggregate of 6.572 billion EUAs in the process of being issued for the three years of 2005 to 2007.
In 2006, the European Commission decided on the first 10 national plans for allocating CO2 emission allowances to energy-intensive industrial plants for the 2008-2012 trading period under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The EC reduced the allowances by almost 7% below the emissions proposed by the national allocation plans and 7% below the 2005 emissions. In so doing, the EC confirmed its strong commitment to ensuring that the EU and member states achieve their greenhouse gases emission targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The plans concerned Germany, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia, Sweden and the U.K. They account for 42% of the allowances allocated in the first trading period of the EU ETS, from 2005 to 2007. 
 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
National Association for Business Economics

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) is an association of professionals who have an interest in business economics and want to use the latest economic data and trends to
enhance their ability to make business decisions. 
Past presidents of the NABE have included several former Federal Reserve Governors, the former Federal Reserve Chairman, Alan Greenspan, and other senior business leaders.
Randall Kroszner, who took office on the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on 
March 1, 2006 to fill an unexpired term ending Jan. 31, 2008, served as a director at the NABE.
== History ==
== News ==
According to the November 2007 NABE Outlook, while the U.S. economy faces a higher risk of recession from credit markets, housing, and energy prices, NABE’s panelists still do not see recession as the most likely outcome.
== Membership ==
There are approximately 2,500 members representing more than 1,500 businesses and other organizations from around the world. Since its founding in 1959, the association has continued to attract the attention of influential economic leaders. 
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
National Association of Bond Lawyers

National Association of Bond Lawyers (NABL) was incorporated as an Illinois non-profit corporation on Feb. 5, 1979 for the purposes of educating its members and others in the law relating to state and municipal bonds and other obligations.
NABL exists to promote the integrity of the municipal market by advancing the understanding of and compliance with the law affecting public finance.
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*NABL President, William A. Holby 
*NABL Executive Director, Ken Luurs 
== Resources ==
* NABL Green Policy
* Speech by SEC Staff: Remarks to the 2008 Bond Attorney’s Workshop of the National Association of Bond Lawyers, Sept. 17, 2008
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
Category:Lawyers
National Association of Investors Corporation

The National Association of Investors Corporation (NAIC) teaches individuals how to become successful strategic long-term investors. NAIC investors use fundamental analysis to study common stocks and mutual funds. It is a non-profit, volunteer-based association. 
The association provide investing knowledge and practical investing experience through local investment clubs, local chapters, online courses and an active online community.
The association's work includes publishing books to help individuals who wish to participate in the market.
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
National Association of Manufacturers

The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is an industry association that aims to advocate on behalf of its members to enhance the competitiveness of manufacturers by shaping a legislative and regulatory environment conducive to U.S. economic growth and to increase understanding among policymakers, the media and the general public about the role of manufacturing in America’s economic and national security.
In December of 2009, NAM praised U.S. Rep. Scott Murphy, D-Glens Falls, for an amendment he pushed through that exempted small business]es and manufacturers that trade in derivatives, as a means to hedge risk, from new regulatory oversight that would apply to large banks that speculate in the risky financial instruments.
== History ==
The NAM was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1895. The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession in the mid-1890s, and many of the nation's manufacturers perceived a strong need to locate new markets for their products in other countries.
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Vice President, Dorothy Coleman
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
National Association of Securities Dealers

The NASD (NASD Inc.), prior to consolidation in 2007, was an industry organization representing individuals and firms involved in the U.S. securities business. It was the primary Self Regulatory Organization (SRO) responsible for the regulation of its industry, with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) oversight. 
== Background ==
NASD was established in 1939, responding to the 1938 Maloney Act amendments to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Maloney Act allows self-regulation by securities firms involved in the over-the-counter (OTC) market.
In 1971 the NASD created and launched a computerized stock trading system, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, quickly shortened to the "NASDAQ" stock market, though it was not a stock market in the truest sense. The NASDAQ and AMEX stock exchanges merged in 1998. In 2000 the NASDAQ underwent a major recapitalization and became an independent entity, totally separate from NASD. 
In 2007, the NASD merged with the New York Stock Exchange's regulation committee to form the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA. 
NASD was consolidated in July 2007 with the member regulation, enforcement and arbitration oversight functions of the New York Stock Exchange to form the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
NYSE Regulation's three divisions (Market Surveillance, Enforcement, and Listed Company Compliance) regulate equities and options trading and listing compliance for the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Arca, and NYSE Alternext US.
== Also See ==
FINRA
== References ==
Category:Securities Regulators
Category:Regulators
National Association of Wheat Growers

The National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) is a nonprofit partnership of U.S. wheat growers. NAWG is represented on the CFTC's Subcommittee on Convergence in Agricultural Commodity Markets by Vince Peterson. 
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
NAWG serves as the eyes and ears for state wheat organizations, alerting them of possible problems that may affect the wheat industry in a particular state. From its office on Capitol Hill, NAWG is in daily communication with state associations and those in Congress, the USDA and other government agencies and organizations. In addition, NAWG and state wheat associations host annual meetings.
 
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Karl Scronce, President
*Jerry McReynolds, First Vice President
*Wayne Hurst, Second Vice President
*Erik Younggren, Secretary-Treasurer
*David Cleavinger, Immediate Past President 
*W. Daren Coppock, Chief Executive Officer 
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
Category:Wheat
National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET)

The National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET) was created in the U.S. in 2021 to tackle complex investigations and prosecutions of criminal misuses of cryptocurrency, particularly crimes committed by virtual currency exchanges, mixing and tumbling services, and money laundering infrastructure actors. Under the supervision of Assistant Attorney General Kenneth A. Polite Jr., the NCET combines the expertise of the Department of Justice Criminal Division’s Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section (MLARS), Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) and other sections in the division, with experts detailed from U.S. Attorneys’ Offices. The team will also assist in tracing and recovery of assets lost to fraud and extortion, including cryptocurrency payments to ransomware groups.
The head of the NCET reports to the Assistant Attorney General in the Criminal Division of the DOJ and will be selected after an application process. The Team Leader will lead the team of attorneys from MLARS, CCIPS, and Assistant U.S. Attorneys detailed from U.S. Attorneys’ Offices across the country to pursue cases against cryptocurrency exchanges, infrastructure providers, and other entities that are enabling the misuse of cryptocurrency and related products to commit or facilitate criminal activity.
The NCET will draw and build on the Criminal Division's expertise to deter, disrupt, investigate, and prosecute the criminal misuse of cryptocurrency, as well as to recover the illegal profits from those crimes whenever possible. Because cryptocurrency is used in a wide variety of criminal activity, including as the primary demand mechanism for ransomware payments, for money laundering and the operation of illegal money services businesses, and as the preferred means of conducting exchanges on “dark markets” for illegal drugs, weapons, malware and other hacking tools, the NCET will foster the development of expertise in cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies across all aspects of the department’s work. The NCET will also play a critical support role for international, federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial law enforcement authorities grappling with these new technologies and new forms of crime.
== History ==
 
The creation of the NCET was announced on October 6, 2021 by Deputy Attorney General Lisa O. Monaco. 
 
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
National Economic Council

The National Economic Council (NEC) was established in 1993 within the Office of Policy Development and is part of the Executive Office of the President. It was created for the purpose of advising the President on matters related to U.S. and global economic policy. 
The NEC's principal functions are to coordinate policy-making for domestic and international economic issues, to coordinate economic policy advice for the President, to ensure that policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's economic goals, and to monitor implementation of the President's economic policy agenda.
Allan Hubbard is Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council.
== References ==
Category:US Government
National Farmers Union

National Farmers Union (NFU) is an industry association that has the mission of protecting and enhancing the economic well being and quality of life for family farmers and ranchers and their rural communities. The association has a membership of about 250,000 farm and ranch families. 
== History ==
The NFU was founded in 1902 in Point, Texas. It's goal was to help the family farmer address profitability issues and monopolistic practices. 
NFU's board of directors in June of 2009 called on Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Chairman Gary Gensler to conduct an investigation regarding the extreme futures price volatility and lack of convergence in hog, grain, dairy and cattle markets. The letter sent by the board also urged the CFTC to look at the effects of concentration within the grain and livestock sectors. 
== Products and Services ==
The NFU's Washington, D.C. government relations office organizes legislative fly-ins in the spring and fall and as issues come before Congress for a vote. The fly-ins allow members to gather in the nation’s capital and help acquaint members of Congress with the challenges family farmers and ranchers face. 
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*NFU President, Roger Johnson
*NFU Vice President, Claudia Svarstad
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
National Grain and Feed Association

The National Grain and Feed Association (NGFA), founded in 1896, is a broad-based, non-profit trade association that represents and provides services for grain, feed and grain-related commercial businesses. It is made up of more than 1,000 grain handlers, processors, exporters and other merchants.
The Association is represented on the CFTC's Subcommittee on Convergence in Agricultural Commodity Markets by Matthew Bruns, vice president, Export Trading of Archer Daniels Midland. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
The Association's programs, services and products include:
*Leadership on issues
*Protection in the markets
*Safety Operations/Environmental expertise
*Education/Information for the industry
*Fostering the industry's image
*The industry's Washington office
== Membership ==
There are more than 950 member companies (comprising 6,000 facilities) that handle more than 70 percent of all U.S. grains and oilseeds utilized in domestic and export markets.
They include:
* Country elevators that provide merchandising and farm supply services directly to farmer-customers
* Terminal elevators that serve as collection and transhipment points for large volumes of grain moving in domestic and export markets
* Feed mills that manufacture medicated and nonmedicated formula feeds for the livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and pet industries
* Feed ingredient suppliers that manufacture plant- and animal-based supplements, as well as vitamins, minerals and other products for use in animal feeds
* Export elevators that merchandise and ship U.S. grains, oilseeds and processed commodities to foreign customers
* Biofuels companies, which manufacture co-products used as animal feed ingredients
* Cash grain and feed merchandisers who buy and sell grains, oilseeds and grain byproducts
* Commodity futures brokers and commission merchants who provide hedging services to grain buyers and sellers through the nation’s futures markets
* End users of grain and grain products like grain processors and millers who process raw grain into myriad byproducts - such as flour, corn meal and syrup, soybean oil and meal, and ethanol - for human consumption and industrial uses; and livestock and poultry integrators.
* Allied industries, such as banks; railroads; barge lines; grain exchanges; engineering and design/construction firms; insurance companies; computer/software firms; and other companies that supply goods and services to the industry
* Affiliated associations: The NGFA has 35 affiliated state and regional associations, whose members include more than 10,000 grain and feed companies nationwide. 
== Key People ==
*Eric Wilkey, Chairman Arizona Grain, Casa Grande, Ariz.	
*JoAnn Brouillette, Second Vice Chairman, Demeter LP, Fowler, Ind.
== References ==
Category:Industry Organizations
National Introducing Brokers Association

The National Introducing Brokers Association (NIBA) was established as a not-for-profit association in 1991, representing what the NIBA calls the true "unsung" futures salesforce -- IBs. Before NIBA existed, Introducing Brokers had no central organization to ensure that they were represented within the industry. Beginning in 2004, registered CTAs were invited to join the association as full members. 
Its membership currently includes approximately 350 registered entities. Members primarily transact business in the retail sector of the futures and options industry. 
== Purpose of NIBA and Conferences ==
NIBA's stated objectives are to ensure open channels of communication among individual members which include IBs and CTAs, and their futures commission merchants (FCMs) as well as industry regulators.
NIBA's holds annual conferences in Chicago and New York aimed at connecting members with member exchanges to focus on topics relevant to the industry. 
In addition to the annual conference, NIBA regularly schedules meetings with the National Futures Association and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to discuss regulatory/policy issues, and with the Chicago, Kansas City, New York and other member exchanges to focus on topics relevant to IBs.
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
Category: National Introducing Brokers Association (NIBA)
National Investor Relations Institute

Founded in 1969, the National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI) was established as a professional association of corporate officers and investor relations consultants responsible for communication among corporate management, the investing public and the financial community. 
The association is dedicated to advancing the practice of investor relations and professional competency and stature of its members. NIRI is a member of the Alliance for Investor Education.
NIRI has more than 4,400 members in 33 chapters around the country, representing the majority of the largest publicly held corporations in the U.S. and an increasing number of small and mid-sized companies.
== Education and conferences ==
NIRI offers an extensive professional development program including seminars on a wide range of topics to create and enhance professional competence among members. Each June NIRI's annual conference attracts a full third of the membership.
The NIRI Bookstore offers a wealth of text and trade books, reprints of articles, audio tapes, survey reports and other valuable information to assist IR professionals in expanding their horizons.
== Key People ==
The current president and chief executive officer of NIRI is Jeffrey Morgan.
== References ==
Category:Alliance for Investor Education
National Milk Producers Federation

The National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) is an American dairy industry organization representing the interests of dairy farmers and cooperatives across the United States. Established in 1916, the NMPF has played a pivotal role in shaping the dairy industry, advocating for its members, and promoting the responsible production of dairy products.
== History ==
The NMPF was founded during a time when the dairy industry faced various challenges, including fluctuating milk prices and a lack of unity among dairy farmers. Recognizing the need for collective action, a group of dairy cooperatives and producers came together in 1916 to create an organization that would address these issues. The NMPF was officially formed to represent the interests of dairy farmers and cooperatives nationwide and internationally.
Over the decades, the NMPF has grown in size and influence. It has played a pivotal role in advocating for policies that benefit dairy farmers, such as supporting federal milk marketing orders and promoting milk price stabilization programs. The organization has also been involved in various research and development initiatives aimed at improving dairy farming practices and product quality.
NMPF advocates for dairy producers at the federal level, working on policies, trade, and market access. It also focuses on research and innovation in areas like sustainability, animal welfare, and milk quality. NMPF provides educational support to farmers, sharing practical knowledge and industry insights. Collaborating with industry stakeholders such as processors and retailers, NMPF strengthens the dairy supply chain and seeks to enhance opportunities for dairy products, supporting the dairy farming community.
In 2024, Gregg Doud replaced Jim Mulhern as president and CEO of NMPF after Mulhern had spent a decade leading the organizaton.
== Membership ==
It is led by a board of directors composed of dairy farmers and cooperative leaders from across the country.
== Key People ==
*Gregg Doud, President & CEO
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
National Multi-Commodity Exchange

__NOTOC__
The NMCE merged with the Indian Commodity Exchange, (ICEX) in 2017. 
The combined exchange is India's third-largest commodities market offering contracts on oils and oil seeds, coffee, rubber and spices, ranked behind the Multi-Commodity Exchange (MCX) and the National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX). 
==Background==
The National Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (NMCE) was launched on November 26, 2002 as India's first online, demutualized commodity exchange by a group of Indian commodity-based corporations and public agencies, and listed its first contracts on 24 commodities in November 2002. 
As of July 2016, the NMCE listed futures contracts on a total of 13 different commodities, ranging from oils and oil seeds, to rubber, sacking, raw jute, coffee, Isabgul seed, chana, pepper and cardamom.
India's commodities market space received a fourth exchange competitor named the Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX) in 2009 but it closed in 2014.
NMCE and ICEX agreed to merge in July 2017 and were to close the deal by December 2017. The merger was forged in part by an Indian regulatory requirement that the exchange meet a Rs 100-core minimum net worth for commodity exchanges. At the time of the merger, the NMCE's net worth was Rs 76 core, while ICEX's net worth was Rs 100 core. ICEX was given regulatory approval in July 2017 to restart its operations. 
==Key people==
Anil Mishra, CEO
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Indian Exchanges
Category:India
National Saver Summit on Retirement Savings

The National Summit on Retirement Savings is a U.S. Department of Labor program with the goals of:
*Advancing the public's knowledge and understanding of retirement savings and its critical importance to the future well-being of workers and their families.
 
*Facilitating the development of a broad-based, public education program to encourage and enhance individual commitment to a personal retirement savings strategy.
 
*Developing recommendations for additional research, reforms and action in the field of private pensions and individual retirement savings.
The Summit is held on a quadrennial basis in Washington, D.C.
The first National Summit on Retirement Savings was held in 1998. Delegates focused on identifying barriers faced by individuals saving for retirement and by employers trying to help workers save. The importance of retirement savings education emerged as
the central theme during that early Summit.
In 2002, the second National Summit focused on a generational approach to retirement savings education: targeting specific action plans to workers based on their age and
life stage. Emerging themes included: the importance of investment education for all individuals regardless of their age; the need to simplify and encourage implementation of employment-based retirement plans, especially
among small businesses; and the need for government agencies, business
groups, unions and others to work together to develop effective action plans.
The 2006 National Summit, hosted by U.S. Secretary of Labor Elaine L. Chao, convened by President George W. Bush and co-hosted by leaders of the U.S. Congress, focussed on “Saving for Your Golden Years: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities.” Challenges of four distinct targeted groups were addressed: low income workers, small business employees, new entrants to the workforce, and workers nearing employment.
== Resources ==
National Saver Summit on Retirement Savings Web site