9/11/2001 Terrorist Attack

The September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States, with a significant impact on New York City's financial district. The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,977 victims, including many employees of financial firms and other companies located in the World Trade Center.
== Impact on Financial Firms and Businesses ==
The attacks had a profound effect on the financial services sector, as well as tourism and retail industries. Small businesses across all sectors were particularly hard hit and continued to face challenges in the aftermath.
=== Financial Sector Losses ===
Several financial firms suffered significant losses in terms of both human life and business disruption:
* Cantor Fitzgerald: This financial services firm lost 658 employees, the highest number of any single company.
* Marsh & McLennan Companies: 295 employees and 63 consultants were killed.
* Aon Corporation: 176 employees perished in the attacks.
* Fiduciary Trust International: 87 employees lost their lives.
* Euro Brokers: 61 employees lost their lives.
* Morgan Stanley: Though most employees were able to evacuate, the firm lost 13 employees.
=== Other Affected Companies ===
Windows on the World: The restaurant at the top of the North Tower lost 73 employees.
* Carr Futures: 69 employees were killed.
* Keefe, Bruyette & Woods: 67 employees perished.
* Sandler O'Neill & Partners: 66 employees lost their lives.
* Risk Waters Group: 16 employees lost their lives and 71 attendees at its first-ever conference.
====Law Firms====
* Harris Beach: A law firm with offices in the World Trade Center that lost one employee.
====Technology and Telecommunications Firms====
* Thomson Reuters: One employee lost their life. 
* Verizon: Two employees lost their lives. 
 
====Other Firms and Organizations====
*Port Authority of New York and New Jersey: The organization that managed the World Trade Center, 84 employees lost their lives.
* The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance: 40 employees lost their lives.
== Economic Impact ==
The 9/11 attacks caused significant economic damage in the immediate aftermath, with ripple effects through global financial markets. The New York Stock Exchange and other financial markets closed for several days following the attacks, leading to substantial short-term market losses.
The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), located near the World Trade Center, was significantly affected. NYMEX's trading floor was closed on September 11th, and the exchange had to relocate its operations temporarily. The NYMEX ACCESS electronic trading system, which had opened for most contracts at 4:00 p.m. on September 10th, ended at 9:00 a.m. on September 11th.
Other futures exchanges were also impacted:
* The agricultural futures and options markets in Chicago, Kansas City, and Minneapolis had not yet opened at the time of the attack and decided not to open for trading that day.
* The financial contracts (interest rates and foreign exchange) had opened and were promptly closed.
* The Coffee, Sugar & Cocoa Exchange (CSCE) and the New York Cotton Exchange (NYCE), located in the World Trade Center complex, were severely disrupted.
 
The disruptions in the futures markets contributed to increased volatility in commodity prices, particularly in oil and gold. Gold prices leaped from $215.50 an ounce to $287, reflecting investors' uncertainty and flight to safety.
Despite these initial disruptions, the futures markets demonstrated resilience. By the end of September, trading volumes in many futures contracts had rebounded, and markets were functioning relatively normally, albeit with heightened security measures in place.
== Memorial ==
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City honors the victims of the attacks. The memorial features the names of all 2,977 victims inscribed in bronze, allowing visitors to locate and pay tribute to individuals lost in the tragedy.
== Video==
9/11: As Events Unfold - The events of 9/11 as they unfolded through actual audio of first responders, air traffic controllers, dispatch personnel, airline employees, pilots, citizens, and terrorists by the TSA.gov of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 
== References ==
Category:Terrorism
Category:Financial History
Category:Disasters
Category:New York City