nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Yang Qiumei

__NOTOC__ 
Yang Qiumei is a Chinese financial executive currently serving as the managing director and advisor to the CEO at Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX). She is known for her extensive experience in economics, securities regulation, and fund industry leadership.
== Background ==
Yang has had a diverse career spanning academia, regulatory bodies, and financial institutions. She rejoined HKEX in March 2022, having previously worked for the organization from 2010 to 2013 as head of mainland development and deputy head of market development. Between her stints at HKEX, Yang served as the Asia Pacific CEO at ICI Global, a global association of regulated funds and managers, from 2013 to 2018.
Prior to her initial role at HKEX, Yang held significant positions in Chinese securities market regulation. She was deputy director-general in the China Securities Regulatory Commission's (CSRC) Department of Investment Fund Supervision, and also served on its planning commission and as deputy director-general in the Department of International Affairs.
=== Notable Achievements ===
In October 2024, Yang inherited a 20% stake in SenseTime Group Inc., a Chinese artificial intelligence company, from her late husband Tang Xiao'ou, who was one of the company's co-founders. This inheritance, valued at approximately $1.5 billion, made her the largest shareholder in SenseTime.
Yang is currently a member of the Hang Seng Index advisory committee, contributing her expertise to one of Asia's most influential stock market indices.
== Education ==
Yang holds a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Science degree in international economics from Peking University. She also earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in economics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the United States.
== References ==	
Category:ICI Global
Category:ICI Global - Former Employees
Category:Former Regulators
Category:China Securities Regulatory Commission
Category:China Securities Regulatory Commission - Former Employees
Yann Garnier

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Yann Garnier is head of global markets for the Asia-Pacific region at Societe Generale. He was appointed to that role in April 2016 after his predecessor, Frank Drouet, was promoted to lead the division globally. Garnier is based in Hong Kong. He was previously deputy head of Asia-Pacific global markets, and had been at the bank since 1998.
== Background ==
== Education ==
== References ==
Yann Le Gallais

__NOTOC__ 
Yann Le Gallais is managing director and head of BGC Partners, Inc.'s Swiss offices, based in Nyon. In this role, he is responsible for growing BGC's business by offering a wider range of products and services to a broader client base of financial institutions in Switzerland. He reports to Jean Pierre Aubin, BGC's executive managing director, global head of listed products and general manager, Continental Europe.
== Background ==
Le Gallais has more than 15 years of experience in sales, management, and strategic development in the financial industry. He joined BGC after 10 years at Exane Group, most recently as managing director of Exane Options. There he oversaw the daily activities of the company's Swiss and French offices with responsibility for strategy and enhancing client relationships. Before that, he held senior level sales positions on the Equity Derivatives desks at JPMorgan Chase Bank and ICAP. 
He began his career as a Structured Products analyst at Societe Generale Asset Management. 
== Education ==
Le Gallais holds a bachelor degree from SKEMA Business School and Master in Management from SKEMA/Ecole Centrale de Lille.
== References ==
Yassine Brahim

__NOTOC__ 
Yassine Brahim was appointed Tunisia's Minister of Infrastructure in late January 2011. 
== Background ==
Brahim was the chief executive officer of GL Trade since November 2007. When GL Trade was acquired by SunGard in 2008, Brahim was appointed head of the firm's oil department.
Previously, Brahim was chief operating officer at GL Trade for one year, after the integration of Ubitrade. He joined Ubitrade in 2002 as manager of the trading and risk management product line before becoming CEO in 2003. 
Before that, he created and developed a professional services company specializing in financial markets and managed trading room IT teams at Société Générale.
== Education ==
Brahim graduated in 1989 with a degree in Engineering and IT from Ecole Centrale De Paris.
== Resources == 
*Yassine Brahim video interviewed at World Economic Forum 
*LinkedIn Profile
== References ==
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Yen

The yen, an aluminum coin, is the monetary unit of Japan. One yen corresponds to 100 sen, although sen are not used in everyday life any longer. 
Coins come in 1 Yen, 5 Yen, 10 Yen, 50 Yen, 100 Yen and 500 Yen.
Bills come in 1,000 Yen, 2,000 Yen (very rare), 5,000 Yen and 10,000 Yen. 
The yen was formerly made of silver. Its symbol is ¥. 
== References ==
Yen Carry Trade

The Yen Carry Trade is a popular currency trading strategy that involves borrowing Japanese yen at low interest rates and investing in higher-yielding assets denominated in other currencies. This strategy has played a significant role in global financial markets since the 1990s.
== Origins and Early Development ==
The yen carry trade emerged in the mid-1990s as a result of Japan's prolonged period of low interest rates following the collapse of its asset price bubble in the early 1990s. As the Bank of Japan (BoJ) cut interest rates to near-zero levels to stimulate economic growth, investors began borrowing yen at low costs to invest in higher-yielding assets abroad.
== Peak Popularity (2004-2008) ==
The yen carry trade gained significant popularity between 2004 and 2008. During this period, the interest rate differential between Japan and other major economies widened, making the strategy particularly attractive. Investors borrowed yen at near-zero interest rates and invested in assets such as U.S. Treasuries, Australian government bonds, and emerging market securities.
== 2008 Financial Crisis and Unwinding ==
The global financial crisis of 2008 led to a significant unwinding of yen carry trades. As investors sought safe-haven assets, the yen appreciated sharply, causing substantial losses for carry trade investors. The USD/JPY exchange rate experienced its largest one-day swing since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s.
== Post-Crisis Revival ==
Following the 2008 crisis, the yen carry trade gradually regained popularity as global central banks, including the BoJ, maintained ultra-low interest rates. The introduction of negative interest rates by the BoJ in 2016 further enhanced the attractiveness of the yen as a funding currency for carry trades.
== Recent Developments (2023-2024) ==
In 2023, the yen carry trade saw a significant resurgence, driven by a sharp depreciation of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar. However, in August 2024, a sudden shift in Japan's monetary policy led to a rapid unwinding of yen carry trades, causing significant volatility in global financial markets.
== Impact on Global Markets ==
The yen carry trade has had significant impacts on global financial markets:
# Increased capital flows to higher-yielding markets
# Amplification of market volatility during periods of economic stress
# Influence on exchange rates and asset prices in target investment countries
== Risks and Criticisms ==
Critics argue that the yen carry trade can lead to asset bubbles and financial instability. The strategy is vulnerable to sudden changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and risk sentiment, which can trigger rapid unwinding and market volatility.
== References ==
Category:Currency Trading
Category:Currency
Category:Foreign Exchange
Category:Trading Strategies
Category:Japanese Yen
Category:Carry Trades
Yesenia Duran

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Yesenia Duran is a Chicago-based journalist covering the financial markets. She currently serves as managing editor of Futures Magazine.
== Background ==
Duran returned to Futures Magazine in 2014 after having previously worked for the publication when it was under previous ownership. She had left the firm in 2007 to write for Inside Counsel Magazine.
Duran has also written for Hendon Publishing and Law and Order Magazine among others.
== Education ==
She holds a bachelor of science degree from Northwestern University in journalism.
== References ==	
Category:Journalists
Category:Futures Magazine
Yezdaan Baber

__NOTOC__ 
Yezdaan Baber is the director of technology at Belvedere Trading. 
== Background ==
In the summer of 2001, Baber fulfilled an internship at the World Trade Center Chicago.
== Education ==
Baber graduated from Colby College with a Bachelor's of Arts in Math, Economics and Philosophy. He received a Masters degree in Computer Information Systems from Northwestern University. He also took general economics courses from the London School of Economics and Political Science.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Belvedere Trading
Category:Belvedere Trading
Category:Proprietary Trading Firm Executives
Yi Huiman

__NOTOC__ 
Yi Huiman was chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and Secretary of the CPC CSRC Committee from January 26, 2019 to February 2024, when he was replaced by Wu Qing. 
A career banker, Yi joined the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) in January 1985 and held various positions in the bank’s branches and headquarters. Yi assumed office as Chairman of Board, ICBC and Secretary of CPC ICBC Committee in May 2016.
At the CSRC he was tasked with undertaking a spate of sweeping capital markets reforms.
== Background ==
Yi was chairman of the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd., from 2016 to 2019. 
== References ==
Yield

Yield may mean:
*Crop yield, a measure of the output per unit area of land under cultivation 
*Yield (finance), a rate of return based on what the holder earns with direct incomes on a financial instrument or security. It is usually expressed annually as a percentage based on the investment's cost, its current market value or its face value. SEE: bond yield
*Dividend yield, the current or yield to maturity of common or preferred share dividends
== References ==
Yield Farming

Yield farming is a cryptocurrency investment strategy that involves lending or staking crypto assets in order to generate high returns in the form of additional cryptocurrency. This practice became popular in the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, particularly during the "DeFi summer" of 2020. Yield farming allows crypto holders to earn passive income by putting their assets to work in various DeFi protocols. Participants, known as yield farmers, seek to maximize their returns by strategically moving their assets between different lending and liquidity protocols.
== How Yield Farming Works ==
Yield farmers typically use decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and lending platforms to earn returns. The process generally involves depositing cryptocurrency into a liquidity pool or lending protocol, earning rewards in the form of transaction fees, interest, or newly minted tokens, and reinvesting rewards to compound returns. Common yield farming strategies include liquidity provision, lending, borrowing, and staking. Some of the most widely used yield farming platforms include Aave, Compound, Uniswap, Curve Finance, and PancakeSwap.
Calculating Returns and Risks
Yield farming returns are typically expressed in Annual Percentage Yield (APY), which accounts for compound interest. Returns can vary widely, from single-digit percentages to triple-digit APYs in some cases, though higher returns generally come with increased risk. While yield farming can offer attractive returns, it comes with significant risks such as smart contract vulnerabilities, impermanent loss, market volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and complexity. These risks require careful consideration and management by participants.
== Impact on DeFi Ecosystem ==
Yield farming has played a significant role in driving liquidity and adoption in the DeFi space. It has incentivized users to participate in new protocols and has contributed to the rapid growth of total value locked (TVL) in DeFi applications. As the DeFi ecosystem continues to evolve, yield farming remains a popular, albeit risky, strategy for crypto investors seeking to maximize their returns in the decentralized finance landscape.
== References ==
Category:Slang Investing Terms
Category:Cryptocurrency
Category:Decentralized Finance
Yield Protocol

The Yield Protocol was developed by Dan Robinson and Allan Niemerg with sponsorship from Paradigm Fund. The Yield Protocol provides a method for lending and borrowing on the Ethereum blockchain. 
"yTokens," which are created pursuant to the Yield Protocol, are settled to "the value of a target asset on a specified future date, and which is backed by some quantity
of a collateral asset," according to the April 2020 working draft by the developers.
== References ==
Yield curve

The yield curve, also known as the term structure of interest rates, is a graph that plots the difference between long and short term interest rates. It enables investors to compare at a glance the yields offered by short-term, medium-term and long-term bonds. In the U.S., the Treasury yield curve is the first mover of all domestic interest rates and an influential factor in setting global rates. 
Interest rates on the other domestic bond categories rise and fall with Treasuries, which are the debt securities issued by the U.S. government. To attract investors, a bond that contains greater risk than that of a similar Treasury bond must offer a higher yield. For example, the 30-year mortgage rate historically runs 1 - 2 percent above the yield on 30-year Treasury bonds. 
The curve can take three primary shapes. If short-term yields are lower than long-term yields (the line is sloping upwards), then the curve is referred to a positive (or "normal") yield curve.
If short-term yields are higher than long-term yields (the line is sloping downwards), then the curve is referred to as an inverted (or "negative") yield curve.
A flat yield curve exists when there is little or no difference between short-term and long-term yields. Only bonds of similar risk are plotted on the same yield curve.
The most frequently reported yield curve is the one comparing the three-month, two-year, five-year and 30-year U.S. Treasury debt. This yield curve is used as a benchmark for determining the yield on other types of debt such as mortgage rates or bank lending rates, as well as to predict changes in economic output and growth.
Treasury yield curve rates are commonly referred to as "Constant Maturity Treasury" rates, or CMTs. Yields are interpolated by the Treasury from the daily yield curve. This curve relates the yield on a security to its time to maturity, based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded Treasury securities in the over-the-counter (OTC) market. These market yields are calculated from composites of quotations obtained by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
On Aug. 10, 2011, the yield curve narrowed to the lowest since Oct. 11, 2010.
== References ==
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Yoko Noge

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Yoko Noge is a correspondent for the Nikkei Japanese financial news publication. 
She is also a rather well-known singer and musician on the Chicago blues scene. Noge was extolled in the July 8, 2009 edition of Newsweek Japan as one of the 100 most respected Japanese people in the world.
 
== Background ==
She has been a correspondent with Nikkei since 1987.
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Journalists
Category:Musicians
Yoshihiko Noda

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Yoshihiko Noda is Japan's finance minister. He was selected to the position in June of 2010.He is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet.
== Background ==
Noda had been serving as a deputy finance minister under Yukio Hatoyama, who resigned as prime minister in a dispute over a US military base.
The nation’s foreign exchange law gives the finance minister exclusive power to order the Bank of Japan to intervene to buy or sell currencies.
== Education ==
He is a graduate of Waseda University and the Matsushita Institute of Government and Management.
== References ==
Category:Government Officials
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Japan
Yoshimi Watanabe

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Yoshimi Watanabe is currently the party leader of the Your Party in Japan and a member of the House of Representatives.
== Background ==
Yoshimi Watanabe was minister of State for Financial Services and Administrative Reform with the Japanese Financial Services Agency, from October 2007 through August 2008.
For several years, Watanabe served as an aide to his father, Michio Watanabe who was Deputy Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and Industry. The younger Watanabe was elected to his first term as a member of the House of Representatives in 1996 and has served three subsequent terms. 
== Education ==
Watanabe graduated from the Political Department of Economics at Waseda University and is a graduate of Law from Chuo University.
 
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Japan
Yossi Beinart

__NOTOC__ 
Yossi Beinart was CEO of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange ("TASE") from October 2013 to September 2016. He passed away in August of 2017.
He resigned from TASE in September because of ill health. 
Beinart took over in 2013 as CEO at the Tel Aviv exchange in the wake of a management upheaval at the bourse that resulted in the exits of its previous CEO and chairman and a drop in trading volumes and listings. Beinart sought to implement changes to the TASE’s structure and regulations to help turn around the ailing exchange, but clashed with Amnon Neubach, the TASE’s chairman. 
== Background ==
Before joining TASE, he served as chief executive officer and president of Nadex. 
Prior to joining Nadex, Beinart was the director of technology at IG Group Holdings. He served as chief technology officer of Portero Inc., and before that, he was the chief executive officer and president of ShieldIP from 2000 to 2004. 
He was chief information officer for Investment Technology Group and ITG. Beinart began his career as a programmer for Tradenet in 1987.
Before his career in financial services, he served in the Israel Defense Forces, armored corps, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. 
== Education ==
*B.Sc, Computer Science, The Hebrew University (1981 – 1985)
== MarketsWiki Five-Minute Interview ==
Beinart sat down with MarketsWiki’s Jessica Titlebaum to tell the Nadex story, explain how illegal activity is driving their innovation and talk about where he thinks all of it is going. Published April 3, 2011. Read the Interview.
== References ==	
Category:Exchange Executives
Category:Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
Category:Deceased
Category:Deceased Industry Executives
YouNow

YouNow is a live streaming video platform that allows viewers to tip performers with blockchain-based tokens. The company is backed by the investor and entrepreneur, Oren Zeev, as well as by the venture capital firms Venrock, Union Square Ventures, and Comcast Ventures.
== Props == 
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) qualified YouNow's Props token for distribution under SEC Regulation A+ on July 10, 2019, the same day as it qualified Blockstack's token. They are the first two token offerings approved by the SEC.
The name of the token, "Props," ostensibly derives from the slang term for "proper respect." YouNow platform viewers show performers "props" by rewarding platform performers with Props. 
While they may be traded among users and members of the public, all Props will be distributed for free by YouNow. According to the company's offering circular filed with the SEC, Props are to be issued to users of the YouNow app, including viewers to use as rewards to performers and content contributors as well as commercial partners of the company.
== Move to Algorand == 
In April 2020, Founder and CEO, Adi Sideman, said that Props was being moved onto the Algorand public blockchain. The streaming service had added so many customers that Props usage had stressed the Ethereum side-chain on which it was operating.
 
== References ==
Young-Jin Chang

__NOTOC__ 
Young-Jin Chang is global head of metals at CME Group. She was previously executive director, industrial metals products for CME Group and earlier was associate director, metals research and product development. She joined the CME in 2011.
== Background ==
Chang was previously a ferrous alloy trader at the David J. Joseph Company from May 2006 to March 2011.
== Education ==
She holds a bachelor's degree in economics from Kalamazoo College and an international MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. 
== John Lothian News Interviews ==
*JLN Metals interview: Young-Jin Chang on CME hot-rolled steel options and scrap steel futures - September 2012
== References ==
Young-Tak Lee

Young Tak Lee is chairman and CEO of the Korea Exchange (KRX), assuming the position in January 2005 following its formation from the merger of the country's stock market and derivatives platforms. KRX incorporates the world's largest futures and options platform by contract volume in 2006. He is a board member of the World Federation of Exchanges.
== Background ==
Lee was South Korea's Minister for Government Policy Coordination for two years before his appointment at the KRX, rejoining the administration following a three-year spell as chairman of the Korea Technology and Banking Network
Other government roles included: chief assistant to the prime minister for policy coordination; assistant minister in the budget of office of the Ministry of Finance and Economy; secretary to the president for finance and economy; and director general of the securities bureau at the finance ministry.
== Education ==
Lee passed the Higher Civil Service Examination in 1969 and received a PhD in Economics from Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul in 2001.
== References ==
category:Exchange CEOs
category:Exchange Chairmen
Yuanta Futures

Yuanta Futures is a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM). The Taiwanese brokerage is one of Southeast Asia's largest, with partnerships at 30 worldwide exchanges. The firm is an FCM member of NYSE Liffe. 
== History ==
Founded in 1997, the brokerage slowly grew until becoming the first-ever listed Taiwanese brokerage in 2007. In 2012, the company merged with Polaris Futures to become the biggest FCM in Taiwan with over $200 million in net capital.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Kenneth Kao, Chairman 
*Maurice Lu, Vice-Chairman and President
== References ==
Category:Futures Brokers
Category:NYSE Liffe US
Category:Yuanta Futures
Yuhua Yu

__NOTOC__ 
Yuhua Yu is a quantitative trader.
Formerly she was a trader and team with with Teza Technologies. She was also head of quantitative research at DRW Trading Group, a Chicago-based proprietary trading firm. She leads a team of researchers in the building and development of analytical models for the pricing, trading and risk management of derivatives. She was named to the DRW position in January 2009 after having worked for the firm as a quantitative researcher for two and a half years and left in 2015.
Yu also acts as president of the Chinese Derivatives Association, an independent organization designed to aid in the development of China's derivatives sector by promoting information sharing and cooperation between China's market and the rest of the world. 
== Education ==
In 2002, Yu earned a BS in mathematics from Fudan University. She then came to the U.S. to study at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, where she earned an MS in computational finance and a Ph.D. in mathematics. She joined DRW just after earning her Ph.D. in 2006.
== References ==	
Category:DRW - Former Employees
Category:Teza Technologies - Former Employees
Category:Chinese Derivatives Association