nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Linseed oil, hot pressed

== Description ==
Linseed oil that is expressed from steam-heated seeds using a screw-type or hydraulic press. This method extracts the oil more efficiently than cold-pressing, but it produces a lower quality paint. Hot-pressed linseed oil is a light brown liquid that is slightly turbid due to the presence of moisture and proteins. It is usually refined to remove the impurities. Most of the commercially produced linseed is hot-pressed. It is used in industrial paints and furniture varnishes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino prensado en caliente (Esp.); aceite de linaza prensado en caliente (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966.
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, raw

== Description ==
Hot-pressed linseed oil that has not undergone any further refining or treatment process, such as boiling or bleaching.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino crudo (Esp.); aceite de linaza crudo (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens and G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966.
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, refined

== Description ==
Hot-pressed linseed oil that has been refined or treated to the point that it has many of the characteristics of cold-pressed linseed oil. Refined linseed oil is sold as a less expensive type of artists paint.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino refinado (Esp.); aceite de linaza refinado (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil varnish

== Description ==
A processed linseed oil that has been heated (100-200C) for several hours. Small amounts of driers, such as cobalt or lead salts may be added, such as for linoleate varnish. Linseed oil varnish dries with a high glossy sheen and is used for industrial paints, varnishes, enamels, and for patent leather.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
linoleate varnish; barniz de aceite de lino (Esp.); barniz de aceite de linaza (Esp.); vernis brun
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
Category:Materials database
Linsey-woolsey

== Description ==
A coarse fabric woven with a linen warp and a wool weft. Linsey-woolsey was first made in Lindsey, England. It can have either a tabby or a twill weave. The mixed yarn fabric is used for outerwear blankets and household items.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
linsey woolsey; lindsey woolsey; linsey wolsey; lynsy wolsye
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Website: www.fabrics.net
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsey-woolsey (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Linters

== Description ==
Short fleecy fibers that remain on the cotton seeds after ginning. Cotton linters are cut from the seeds, but since they are too short and stiff for textiles, linters are used in the manufacture of paper, cellulose nitrate and viscose rayon. Linters can replace from 5 to 35 % of the rag content of fine papers. They improve uniformity, increase bulk with almost no decrease in strength. Linters also produce a low-shrinkage pulp.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cotton linters; linters de algodón (Esp.); linters (korte katoenvezel) (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Silvie Turner, Which Paper?, Design Press, New York, 1991
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 458
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lipase

== Description ==
A group of enzymes that hydrolyze fats (triglycerides) to produce glycerol and fatty acids. In nature, lipases are used in the digestion of foods and they are found in the pancreas as well as in many molds, fungi, and bacteria. The optimum conditions for most enzyme activity is a temperature between 35 and 37C and a pH of 5-6. Lipase can be deactivated by most organic solvents with the exception of ligroin. Lipase is activated by the addition of small amounts of acid (ascorbic, acetic, formic, oxalic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, etc.). Lipases are added to detergents to improve cleaning action. Lipases have also been shown to be effective for the cleaning of some oil varnishes. (Wolbers, et al. 1990)
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
triacyglycerol lipase; CAS = 9001-62-1
== Risks ==
* Sensitive to moisture. 
* May decompose in water. 
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 5338
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Lipid

== Description ==
One of three types of materials that compose living cells. The other two types are carbohydrates and proteins. Lipids are organic substances such as fats, oils, waxes, sterols and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents. Lipids are also oily to the touch. The structure of lipids range from simple straight chain hydrocarbon to complex ring structures. They can be subdivided as: 1) fatty acids, 2) neutral fats, 3) phospholipids, 4) glycolipids, 5) aliphatic alcohols and waxes 6) terpenes and 7) steroids.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lipoid; lipids (pl.); lpido (Esp.); lipide (Fr.); lipidi (It)
==Physical and Chemical Properties===
Soluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ether, carbon disulfide and ligroin.Insoluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lipton Kōcha (Black tea) - center (157 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_157.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 157
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (157 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| リプトン紅茶 : Lipton Kōcha
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Black Tea from Lipton
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| unknown
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Liquid

== Description ==
A state of matter defined by its ability to flow without separating. A liquid will take the shape of any container in which it is placed. Liquids have a constant volume and are relatively incompressible. A liquid heated to its boiling point, is in equilibrium with its gaseous state. A liquid cooled to its freezing point is in equilibrium with its solid state.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
liquids
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Liquid Blue

== Description ==
[formerly Diamond Shamrock Chemicals] A trademark for a blend of synthetic dyes that is used as a bluing agent in laundry blue. Liquid Blue is soluble in water, thus producing an even blue tone in the fabrics, unlike many of the insoluble blue powders that had previously been used as laundry blue agents. 
See also laundry blue.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
blauwsel (Ned);
Category:Materials database
Liquid Bright Gold

== Description ==
A gold paint specifically prepared for decorating ceramic, enameled metal, or glass. Liquid bright gold contains powdered gold dispersed in an aqueous medium with a flux of borax. It may be applied to a surface by brushing, spraying or stenciling. Upon firing, it forms a bright, mirror quality, metallic surface.
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Liquid Hide Glue

== Description ==
[Franklin International, OH] A brand name for a hide glue solution. First sold in 1935, Liquid Hide Glue became the first ready-to-use adhesive on the market. In order the keep the glue from solidifying, Liquid Hide Glue is treated with acetic, nitric or hydrochloric acids. This decreases the viscosity but does not alter the adhesion of the dried film.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Franklin Glue
==Resources and Citations==
* Franklin International: Website
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Liquid Wrench

== Description ==
[Radiator Specialty Co., Charlotte, NC] A registered trademark for a series of petroleum-based lubricants. Liquid Wrench® contains an aliphatic petroleum distillate (85-90%) mixed with mineral oil (6-10%). A new version containing Teflon® is also available. The dark-color lubricants are sold in two dispensers: as a liquid in a squirt bottle and as an aerosol. Liquid Wrench products are used for metal to metal interactions to stop squeaks, to protect surfaces, to loosen rusty parts, and to remove water.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Liquid Wrench Super Penetrant; Liquid Wrench Super Lubricant; Liquid Wrench Non-flammable Super Lubricant
== Risks ==
* Flammable. Flash point = 132 F.
* Skin and eye contact may cause irritation.
* Household Products Database: Safety Sheet
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Insoluble in water
Density	0.805 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Radiator Specialty Co: Website
Category:Materials database
Liquid bleach

== Description ==
An aqueous solution of a bleaching agent, such as sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. Liquid chlorine bleaches were introduced about 1925. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
javelle water; eau de javel; Clorox; liquefied chlorine
== Risks ==
Acids and bases can cause the evolution of chlorine gas
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Liquid crystal

== Description ==
Any liquid that has both a crystalline phase and liquid phase present at the same temperature. Liquid crystals are optically active and can split white light into two polarized components. This produces a double refraction or an iridescent effect. Many liquid crystals can also exhibit colors and even assume a succession colors, running through the spectrum from red to violet, as they are cooled or heated. Liquid crystals are used for electronic displays, thermometers and color TV tubes.
Category:Materials database
Liquid crystal hygrometer

== Description ==
An accurate instrument used for measuring relative humidity. The liquid crystal hygrometer contains several chemical salts that respond to different humidity levels by rearranging their crystal structure (Shelley 1987). This molecular movement is visible through a sheet of polarizing plastic. It never requires calibration.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hygromètre à cristaux liquides (Fr.); higrómetro de cristais líquidos (Port.); LCD-Hygrometer (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
Category:Materials database
Liquid crystal polymer

== Description ==
A polymer, such as an aramid (synthetic polyamide), whose molecules maintain a crystalline formation even when in a liquid state (solution or melted). Liquid crystal polymers have unique optical properties (such as anisotropic scattering), as well as good chemical and temperature resistance.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiLCP.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
LCP; Vectran
Category:Materials database
Liquid glue

== Description ==
A low viscosity proteinaceous glue sold as a solution. Liquid glue is prepared animal glue with acetic, nitric, or hydrochloric acids. Acidification decreases the viscosity but does not alter the adhesion of the dried film. Some liquid glues may have additional additives such as clay, chalk, plasticizers, or preservatives. 
See also hide glue.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cola líquida (Esp.); colle liquide (Fr.); Scotch glue (UK); liquid animal glue; Franklin glue; Liquid Hide Glue
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Website: www.foxtail.com/archives/digest/199704/1977.04.12.13.html
* Irving Skeist, Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1977 Comment: p. 144
Category:Materials database
Liquitex acrylic paints

== Description ==
[Permanent Pigments] A brand name for an acrylic water-emulsion paint first marketed in 1954. Liquitex acrylic paints initially used Rhoplex AC-33 as a base medium. Liquitex paints dry quickly to for a tough film with brilliant colors. Liquitex paints were initially thin and runny, but their formulation was changed in 1963 with a thicker consistency for distribution in tubes (Learner 2000). Liquitex paints have been used by Helen Frankenthaler, David Hockney, Robert Motherwell, and Andy Warhol (Learner 2005).
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|LiquitexwhiteIR.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Dry films soluble in acetone.
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas J.S. Learner, Analysis of Modern Paints, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2004. 
* T. Learner, "A Review of Synthetic Binding Media in Twentieth-Century Paints" The Conservator, No. 24, pp. 96-103, 2000.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R. G. Lodge, A History of Synthetic Painting Media with Special Reference to Commercial Products, AIC Preprints, 16th Annual meeting, 1988
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Liquor of Labavius

== Description ==
An archaic common name for both stannic chloride and stannous chloride. The name liquor of Labavious was used prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985). Tin chloride salts were used as mordants in dyeing and to weight silks.
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Liquor of silicum

== Description ==
Common name for potassium carbonate used prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985). It was also called liquor of flints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
potassium carbonate; liquor of flints
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Lissapol

== Description ==
[ICI India Uniqema] A trademark for a series of nonionic detergents. Lissapol N and Lissapol C - primarily cetyl/oleic alcohol sulfate
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lissapol N; Lissapol C
==Resources and Citations==
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
* Website: www.hants.org.uk/museums/ofr/cmeth_t.html
Category:Materials database
Litharge cement

== Description ==
A hard, strong cement prepared by mixing litharge and glycerol. Litharge cement was prepared by diluting glycerin with up to 50% water, then adding enough litharge to produce a paste. It sets in minutes. Fillers were sometimes used to slow setting time and reduce cracking. Litharge cement was used in plumbing and other building applications, such as repairing tubs, sinks, glass, stoneware and pipes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ciment à la litharge (Fr.); glycerin litharge cement; luting; plumber's cement
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Resistant to weak acids (except sulfuric) and hydrocarbons.
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Irving Skeist, Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1977
Category:Materials database
Lithium

== Description ==
A soft, silvery metallic element. Lithium occurs naturally in the minerals spodumene, lepidolite, and petalite that is found in Canada, central Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Europe, and the United States. Lithium is also produced as a byproduct in the recovery of potash and borax from dry lake beds. Lithium was first discovered as a salt in 1817 by Johan A. Arfvedson and prepared as a pure metal by Davy the next year. Metallic lithium tarnishes rapidly in air and must by stored in a nonreactive liquid. Lithium is the lightest element in the alkali metal series. It is harder than metallic sodium, but softer than lead. Metallic lithium is used as a heat transfer medium in nuclear reactors, as a deoxidizer and strengthener in many alloys and in the manufacture of high strength Ceramics, Enamels, and optical quality glass.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Li; litio (It., Port., Esp.); Litium (Sven.)
== Risks ==
* Solutions containing lithium are toxic to the central nervous system. 
* Flammable. Lithium metal will ignite in air. 
* Fire and explosion risk when exposed to water, acids, or oxidizing agents. 
* Contact causes burns. 
* Harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Flame color is deep red (670.8 nm). 
* Reacts violently with inorganic acids. 
* Soluble in liquid ammonia.
Composition 	Li (atomic no. 3)
CAS 	7439-93-2
Mohs Hardness 	0.6
Melting Point 	180.54 C
Density 	0.534 g.ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 6.941
Boiling Point 	1336 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Web Elements: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5543
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Lithium carbonate

== Description ==
A white crystalline compound. Lithium carbonate is used as a flux in the manufacture of ceramic and porcelain glazes, and enamels. It is also used to make luminescent paints, varnishes, and dyes.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|lithium carbonate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dilithium carbonate; Camcolit; Candamide; Carbolith; Eskalith; Limas; Lithane; Lithobid; Lithonate; Lithotabs; Plenur; Priadel
== Risks ==
* Corrosive to skin, eyes, and membranes. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in dilute acid. Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	Li2CO3
CAS 	554-13-2
Melting Point 	720 C
Density 	2.111 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 73.9
Boiling Point 	1200 C (dec)
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 5552
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database