Vulcan

Vulcan is the name of a humanoid species and their home planet in the Star Trek universe. The primary characteristic of Vulcans is an adherence to logic and a rejection of emotional reasoning. Physically, they are humanoid, with pointed ears and slanted eyebrows the most visible features distinguishing them from humans. They are also known to have green blood and are touch telepaths.
In fandom, Vulcans are among the most well known of the Star Trek races, likely superseded only by Klingons in their popularity. Vulcans probably owe this popularity to the original series character most beloved by fans, Spock.
==Canon==
Vulcans were first introduced in Star Trek: The Original Series with the character of Spock. TOS provided the basis for all subsequent development of Vulcan culture. Roddenberry conceived the character of Spock first and by his own report had to "work backward" on some of his characteristics -- what kind of world would a person like that have come from? He established that Vulcan was a hot, largely arid world, much larger than Earth, thus accounting for Spock's extreme physical strength. 
===Amok Time===
In "Amok Time", Theodore Sturgeon added that the atmosphere there is thinner than Earth's, which (some fans pointed out at once) is not consistent with a large heavy-gravity world. He said "Vulcan is characterized as "a 'hot' planet... yellow, orange... no cool colors about it." The area where the wedding takes place is "a landscape of drifting sand stretching away to a distant saw-toothed line of mountains jutting up at the edge of the far horizon." He had Spock explaining to Kirk and McCoy that, due to his biology, he can instinctively sense when he is nearing Vulcan.Continuity on this appeared in the episodes "The Immunity Syndrome", where Spock is instantly aware that all the Vulcans on the Intrepid have died, and in "All Our Yesterdays" when he journeys thousands of years into the past and becomes connected with half-savage Ancient Vulcans so that he starts behaving emotionally like them. Sturgeon conceived Vulcan culture as highly advanced but with an evolved appreciation for craftsmanship as opposed to high technology. He also specified how the people should be dressed in the wedding scene, and provided a number of Vulcan language words and concepts that didn't make it into the final cut. 
D.C. Fontana's episode "Journey to Babel" was supposed to show a Vulcan city and Spock's family home, but it was too expensive. She only really got to develop Vulcan in the animateds. She said, 
 
====Throughout Star Trek====
* Filmation's TAS (Star Trek: The Animated Series) also contained episodes that fleshed out the culture and people. In the (non canonical) novelization of "Yesteryear" by Alan Dean Foster, the giant bear-like sehlat is described as coming from "the rainforests of Vulcan's southern hemisphere."
* Star Trek: The Motion Picture and Star Trek III: The Search for Spock contain scenes on Vulcan and expand on "Vulcan mysticism" including the kohlinar emotion-purging discipline, the practice of hiding one's katra life-essence inside another person, and the fal-tor-pan which rejoins the katra to the original person.
* Spock's rebellious half-brother, Sybok, is introduced in Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.
* TNG and DS9 had no Vulcan main characters, but Star Trek: Voyager introduced the first regular Vulcan character since TOS. Unlike Spock, Tuvok was a full Vulcan, but like Spock he was presented as being a close friend of the captain and was frequently used as a straight man in jokes.
* Star Trek: Enterprise also had a Vulcan main character, T'Pol. ENT also expanded a great deal on Vulcan culture and politics, though not all fans were pleased with these new developments.
* In the 2009 Star Trek movie, an alternate timeline's Vulcan was destroyed. Approximately 10,000 Vulcans were off-planet at the time - Spock notes that he is now an member of an endangered species. Some object that the film fridged all of Vulcan.
* The adopted human sister of Spock, Michael Burnham, is introduced as the feature character in Star Trek: Discovery, bringing Sarek, Amanda Grayson and Vulcan philosophies into that series.
Canon Resources:
*Vulcan entry on Memory Alpha
===Tie-in Novels===
The Star Trek tie-in novels expanded greatly on Vulcan culture. The following are some Vulcan-centric novels.
* Spock Must Die!, Spock Messiah, The Vulcan Academy Murders by Jean Lorrah (1984), Spock's World by Diane Duane (1988), Vulcan's Glory by D.C. Fontana (1989), Sarek by A.C. Crispin (1994), Vulcan's Forge by Susan Shwartz and Josepha Sherman (1997), Vulcan's Heart by Susan Shwartz and Josepha Sherman (1999), and Vulcan's Soul trilogy by Susan Shwartz and Josepha Sherman (2004-2007).
See also Vulcan entry on Memory Beta
See Star Trek Tie-in Novels.
== Fandom ==
At any Star Trek convention or event, you will see Vulcan cosplayers right there beside the Klingons. In fact, the image of a Star Trek fan wearing pointed ears and a Starfleet uniform is the iconic "Trekkie" to the outside world. 
Beyond fan-focused events, Vulcans are part of popular culture. In 2010, the town of Vulcan, Alberta (a place named for the Roman God of fire) commissioned a bust of Leonard Nimoy as Spock and presented it to him.Nimoy beams 'home' to Vulcan, Alberta, accessed May 1, 2010 During his campaign for President of the United States, Senator Al Gore's calm affect and slightly droning speech got him labeled "a gay Vulcan" by Bill Maher. The wisecrack was later picked up by Ann Coulter.
The very first fanzine, Spockanalia, was Vulcan- and Spock-centric. Contributors wrote articles of speculation on Vulcan culture and physiology. This was not sex-related, as today, but focused on things like the construction of the Vulcan heart and blood chemistry. Articles on Vulcan sexuality concerned the pon farr and speculations on Spock's conception and birth, in general staying within canon limits. The few relationship stories paired Spock with women, usually Vulcan or Vulcan/human women, or human telepaths who had studied on Vulcan. 
There were many other early Vulcan-centric fanzines, including T-Negative, where the first Kraith stories were published, Eridani Triad, which focused on Surak and the reforms he brought to Ancient Vulcan, and the publications of fan clubs like Terra Vulcan and the Kraith-based Society for Earthbound Vulcans. There were Vulcan songs, poems, recipes and artwork. A Kentucky fan group planned in the early 1970s to create a small commune or co-op where they planned to live as close to the Vulcan way of life as possible.
===Kraith===
Some of the earliest fanfic stories to feature Vulcan (not just the planet but the culture) were those in the Kraith shared universe. The earliest were written by Jacqueline Lichtenberg beginning in 1969, in the T-Negative fanzine, and continued through the first few years after the cancellation of the original TV series. The stories are named after the "Kraith", a goblet or chalice used in the performance of certain Vulcan rituals, featuring prominently in several of the stories in the sequence. By the time interest in Kraith had waned, over 50 writers had written stories in the universe.
 
==Vulcan Biology and Physiology==
Fans have spent a lot of energy and time speculating about the biological aspects of Vulcans.
===Genetics and Reproduction===
There is much discussion about Spock's genetic make-up, the improbabilities of his conception and gestation, and much more in the discussions in the letterzine Halkan Council.
Another discussion regarding this topic was a 1976 panel at SeKWester*Con, Too. See The Vulcan Human Hybrid.
=== Pon Farr ===
See Pon Farr.
=== Vulcan Genitalia ===
See Vulcan Genitalia.
===Vulcan Mind Meld===
See Vulcan Mind Meld.
===Chest Hair===
Hairy or not? The one time we saw him with his shirt off, Leonard Nimoy as Spock had plenty of chest hair. 
Some anecdotal thoughts: most fiction describes Spock's chest as smooth. It tends to be fanart that portrays him with more hair. Also, Spock has grown less hairy in chest over the years. 
File:Spock Enslaved.jpg |cover of Spock Enslaved! by Karen Flanery (1974)
File:Captainslogsupp-2.jpg|inside page from Captain's Log: Supplemental by Nancy Gervais (1982)
File:Plaktow7.jpg | Plak Tow #7, Christine Myers (1982)
File:Californiaart2.jpg|inside page from California K/S, artist is Caren Parnes (1984)
File:Beyondfar2-1.jpg |Beyond the Farthest Star #2 by Linda P. Baker (1987)
 
File:Firsttime39complete.jpg |back cover of First Time #39, artist is Shelley Butler (1994) 
While not biology but personal style, see Long-Haired Spock.
===Blood, Semen, Other===
Greenish? Fan speculation [need examples].
===Other===
* an early article, A Proposed Model of the Vulcan Heart
* early in Star Trek fandom, many fans speculated that Vulcans evolved from a sort of feline source, see many issues of the Halkan Council for much discussion on this topic
* the Vulcan-Human hybrid and what it means in terms of pregnancy, lifespan, reactions to medicine, strength, stamina...
 
 File:Grup1inside2.jpg| from Grup #1, some Vulcan physiology
 File:Spockanalia1art3.jpg| from Spockanalia #1, Sherna Comerford speculates upon the Vulcan heart
Image:profiles1.jpg|from Profiles (1990), some Vulcan evolution theory, artist is Kathryn Dewell
==Fanon Vulcan Languages and Vulcanisms==
Only a few Vulcan words were ever used in aired canon, most of them in the episode "Amok Time." Of course, fans quickly filled that void and created their own Vulcan languages, or at least a few expressions that could be dropped into daily speech.
==Fanworks==
===Zines===
* Society for Earthbound Vulcans
* Terra-Vulcan Yearbook
* The Vulcan Book Containing the Writings of Surak
* True Vulcan Confessions
* A Visit to Vulcan
* Vulcan Language Guide
* A Vulcan Odyssey
* Vulcan Reflections
* Vulcania
* Vulcan Irregulars
* Vulcanian_Chronicle
* Legends of ShiKahr
* Off the Beaten Trek #3 (1979)
* Ni-Variations
=== Fanfiction===
*Jeu-Parti by Macedon -- a DS9 novel centering around an original Vulcan character (1996-1997)
===Fanart===
Image:Daring6.jpg|Young Spock with long hair, typical for Vulcan AU and fantasy settings (cover of Daring Attempt #6, featuring Spock, by Chris Soto)
Image:tneg14vulcanwoman.jpg|a Vulcan woman by C. Lee Healy from T-Negative #14
Image:Idiclog17.jpg|cover of IDIC Log, Sarek in art by Zaquia Tarhuntassa
Image:Charismaone.jpg|another long-haired pre-Reform Vulcan style, Spock from Charisma
Image:Charisma13.jpg|Spock, also from Charisma
Image:Naked_times_3_Micahel_Verina_illo.jpg|more pre-Reform Vulcans from Naked Times #3
Image:T-Negative-2.jpg| T'Pring from T-Negative 
Image:Impulsetime3.jpg|Sarek from It Takes Time On Impulse, artist unknown
Image:Idicburns4-1art.jpg|Spock and a Vulcan woman from the zine IDIC, v.1 no.4 (around 1975)
Image:Quidpro.jpg|Cover art of Tuvok for Quid Pro Quo.
===Communities & Blogs===
*Vulcan Reforged, Star Trek (2009) Vulcan-centric comm on Dreamwidth.
*Vulcanology blog, photos and discussion of anything in canon having to do with Vulcan -- costumes, props, etc.
*VulcanRomulanfic mailing list (defunct)
==External Sources for Meta/Further Reading==
* Institute of Alien Studies: Vulcan Orientation College, 2007
* , by r0ck3tsci3ntist, 2009 (Vulcan anatomy and physiology)
* by chateauofmymind on tumblr, 2020
==References==
Category:Star Trek Species