nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster BlakeClark

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Three-dimensional modeling of a Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh ecosystem=
Blake Clark, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States. bclark@umces.eduRaleigh Hood, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States.Wen Long, PNNL, Washington, United States.
Abstract:
Biogeochemical processes on the fringes of estuaries are relatively unconstrained in coastal carbon budgets and, in particular, those associated with estuary-marsh exchanges. A three-dimensional biogeochemical simulation can be a valuable tool to augment the sparse observations on these exchanges and can provide insights into the carbon fluxes associated with them. The Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) coupled with the Integrated Compartment Model (ICM) for water quality is being adapted to simulate the physical and biological characteristics of the Rhode River, MD, a sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay. Concurrent measurements of biogeochemical parameters and ongoing long-term observations are being used to inform the modeling effort. The model includes a module to simulate the drag imposed by marsh grasses that, along with the unstructured grid and the FVCOM wetting and drying treatment, provides a realistic representation of intertidal marsh hydrodynamics. Model output and observed data are compared for hydrodynamic model validation and small-scale circulation features are examined. A chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) module is being developed for inclusion into the water quality model. The DOM module explicitly defines CDOM independent of non-chromophoric DOM (NCDOM) allowing a dynamic simulation involving UV/visible light and microbial interactions in the water column and diagenesis of DOM in the sediments. The continued development of the Rhode River model will provide insights into carbon exchange across the marsh-estuary interface.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster ChenBao

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=RT-Flux-PIHM: A Coupled Hydrological, Land Surface, and Reactive Transport Model for Hydrogeochemical Processes at the Watershed Scale=
Chen Bao, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States. cub200@psu.eduLi Li, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States.Shi Yuning, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States.
Abstract:
The close coupling of hydrological and geochemical processes at the watershed scale requires an integrated approach to examine their interactions and impacts. Here we present the first model that couple hydrological, land surface, and reactive transport processes, RT-Flux-PIHM, a new addition to the PIHM (Penn State Integrated Hydrological Model) family. The reactive transport module explicitly simulates geochemical reactions, including aqueous complexation, mineral dissolution and precipitation, redox reaction, gas dissolution-exsolution, adsorption and cation exchange. The reactive transport module was coupled to land surface and hydrological model in a sequential non-iterative manner with special treatment to minimize errors associated with operator splitting. This new integrated model is applied at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) to study the controls on stream water and soil water chemistry. The temporal concentration evolution of non-reactive tracer chloride and weathering-derived magnesium in the stream water simulated in the model agreed well with measurements in 2009 with the maximum total bias less than 17% and 8%, respectively. The integration of processes in this model also helped to explain the temporal and spatial variation in pore water chloride and magnesium concentration within the watershed. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis showed the van Genuchten parameter α and β, clay dissolution rates, groundwater influx rate, magnitude of annual precipitation, dissolution surface area of clays and the cation exchange site density have strong controls on the stream magnesium concentration. In summary, RT-Flux-PIHM provides a unique integration tool to understand the hydrogeochemical processes and responses to climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenic forcing at the water shed scale.
Model schematic
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster CrystalNg

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Integrating data and models with an ensemble Kalman filter to examine Mojave Desert ecohydrology=
Crystal Ng, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, United States. gcng@umn.edu
Abstract:
Ecohydrological models that couple soil moisture and plant growth dynamics are needed to examine the vulnerability of desert ecosystems to climate change. However, models can be hindered by structural and parameter errors, and representing deserts is particularly challenging due to unique plant adaptations and marginal moisture conditions. Incorporating field observations with the model is critical for ensuring that simulations produce realistic dynamics. I present a coupled ecohydrological model based on NCAR's CLM4.0-CN [Olesen et al., 2010] that relies on hydrological and ecological data from a Mojave Desert study area to address structural and parameter uncertainty. A new multi-site implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter is developed to condition estimates of plant and soil parameters that are characteristic of the study area. A 50-year hindcast with the model makes it possible to extend the 3.5-year data record in time to examine multi-year relationship between rainfall and plant growth. The simulations also make it possible extend soil moisture data from two points to the full root zone to consider depth-dependent interactions. By combining data and model, we found that the perennial shrub Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) is uniquely adapted to desert conditions. Simulations for the study area show its growth is strongly controlled by ~3-year rainfall totals, which it mostly maintains by immediate uptake of moisture in the upper 80 cm of the soil, but also importantly by using more persistent moisture at 80 to 100 cm depth when available. These results highlighting the potential ecohydrological impact of interannual climate change would not have been possible with either the model or data alone.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster DanielOHara

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Landscape Evolution in Response to Laccolith Inflation: Insights from Numerical Modeling with Application to the Colorado Plateau=
Daniel O'Hara, University of Oregon, Oregon, United States. dohara@uoregon.eduLeif Karlstrom, University of Oregon, Oregon, United States.Benjamin Black, University of California, Berkeley California, United States.Kendra Murray, University of Arizona, Arizona, United States.
Abstract:
Laccoliths are shallow plutonic structures that uplift and deform overlying horizontal and near-horizontal strata, proposed to develop through short (possibly < 100 yr) episodic magmatic events. Numerous laccoliths ranging in age ~25-35 Ma occur around the rim of the Colorado Plateau. These structures provide a natural laboratory for studying localized dynamic topography that occurs on a smaller scale than typical drainage basin size. The coupling between initial river drainage geometry, laccolith emplacement rate and intrusion size on drainage development is poorly understood. Our research aims to understand the effect of an uplifting laccolith on pre-existing, steady-state topography, both to constrain magmatic rates of processes and also the geometry of the paleo landscape.
Using a bedrock landscape evolution model, we vary initial drainage geometries, laccolith shapes and sizes, and laccolith emplacement timescales to study drainage response to topography. We analyze the underlying equations that govern bedrock landscape evolution, as well as characteristics of the resulting river networks such as drainage area, drainage divides, and channel orientations and longitudinal profiles. These are used to develop metrics that characterize the drainage disruption caused by the laccolith, the effect of initial drainage geometry on laccolith erosion, and the timescales of inflation and landscape erosional response. We then apply our results to the Colorado Plateau, in particular, Mt. Hillers (Henry Mountains, UT) and Navajo Mountain (UT) to understand their emplacement rate, landscape response to inflation, and paleo drainage networks.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster FeiXing

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Exploring the Impacts of Hurricanes and Cold Fronts on the Morphological Evolution of the Wax Lake Delta, LA=
Fei Xing, CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Colorado, United States. Fei.Xing@colorado.eduJames Syvitski, CSDMS, INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado, Colorado, United States.Albert Kettner, CSDMS, INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado, Colorado, United States.Ehab Mesehle, The Water Institute of the Gulf, Louisiana, United States.
Abstract:
Tropical cyclones (e.g. hurricane) and winter cold fronts are the two major weather systems influencing morphology of the coastal wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico. Delft3D is applied to the Wax Lake Delta (WLD), Louisiana, to study the impact of coastal storms with different magnitudes and frequencies on wetland morphology. Our simulations of a strong cold front (mean wind speed of 11.4 m/s) and a single hurricane event (Hurricane Ike, made landfall 337 km to the west of the WLD as a Category 2 Hurricane) demonstrate that although the hurricane event causes more sediment transport, many similarities exist between the two events: winds and waves significantly increase the amount of sediment transport; erosion occurs on islands; negative sediment balance for the WLD system (erosion). The simulations of 11 cold fronts between the 2008-2009 season show that cold fronts that cause significant water level variations produce stronger residual currents and move more sediment than events that causes minor water level variations, and that mean wind speeds are positively correlated with hourly averaged erosion and deposition caused by winds and waves (R2 of 0.94 for erosion, and 0.81 for deposition). The relationships are applied to 29 cold front events with available wind data (in total 41 events were recognized for the season), leading to a cumulatively erosion of 1,900,000 m3 on the WLD, higher than a single hurricane event such as Ike (412,000 m3). The results illustrate that cold fronts are more critical in determining deltaic morphology than a single hurricane event. Vegetation that grows in hurricane season significantly decreases the amount of erosion (from 412,000 m3 to 308, 000 m3 for hurricane Ike). Saline water intrusion threatens the survival of freshwater species on the WLD during hurricane events but would not influence the species during most of cold front events.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster GarryWillgoose

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Developing a soils-regolith evolution model for the design of covers for hazardous and nuclear waste containment facilities=
Garry Willgoose, The University of Newcastle, Australia. garry.willgoose@newcastle.edu.auDimuth Welivitiya, The University of Newcastle, Australia.Greg Hancock, The University of Newcastle, Australia.Sagy Cohen, The University of Alabama, Alabama, United States.
Abstract:
Low level nuclear waste and uranium mining tailings repositories are required to provide containment of waste for 10,000 years. This is sufficient for significant geomorphic evolution to have occurred and for materials in the containment facilities cover to change from as-constructed. During the 1990's our group pioneered the use of landform evolution models for the design of such facilities. In the last decade our group has focussed on the evolution of the material properties of the cover, typically some form of rocky artificial soil. This poster (and movies associated with) will highlight our models (mARM, SSSPAM) for regolith and soils evolution under the impacts of erosion and weathering over these timescales. These models are able to simulate the evolution of the grading of the soil profile with depth and over catchment scale using data from field and lab experiments. The specific focus of this poster will be current work on the dynamics of the soil evolution process and what are the dominant processes controlling profile development and spatial organisation. Results for the proposed tailings repository at Ranger Uranium Mine will be shown.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster GeorgieBennett

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Landslide and denudational response to transient tectonic uplift in northern California: Lag times and a landslide buzz-saw=
Georgie Bennett, University of Oregon, Oregon, United States. georgie.l.bennett@gmail.comScott MillerJosh RoeringCorné KreemerDavid Schmidt.
Abstract:
Landsliding dominates the denudational response to uplift in mountainous regions around the world. In settings of steady uplift, it has been suggested that once slopes reach threshold gradients, landslide flux accommodates uplift and limits topographic development. The timescale and process linkages required for landscapes to become threshold slope-dominated, however, involve the consideration of multiple geomorphic lag times. Where channels respond to an increase in uplift rate via knickpoint propagation, we could expect to find a higher rate of landsliding along hillslopes flanking steep, rapidly incising reaches downstream of knickpoints. This is the model we sought to test in the northern Californian Coastal ranges, where the northward migration of the Mendocino Triple Junction causes crustal thickening and rapid uplift at the mouths of the Redwood, Mad and Eel catchments. 
We manually mapped ~3000 earthflows and debris slides in the region from high-resolution, multi-temporal aerial photographs in Google Earth. The velocities of active earthflows were estimated by visually tracking features between sequential images. We mapped channel steepness from 10m NED DEMs in Topotoolbox 2 and developed a new tool to automatically define knickpoints along the channel network. We compare these datasets to geodynamically modeled and GPS derived uplift rates and cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates. 
Swath-averaged landslide erosion rates match cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates and predicted exhumation rates well both in spatial pattern and magnitude, with a rapid increase proximal to the Mendocino triple junction and a gradual decline to the south. We find that landslides are clustered downstream of knickpoints of an estimated age of ~1.5 Ma. This corresponds to a maximum elevation of 1.5 km (or 1.5 Ma at an uplift rate of 1 mm yr¯¹) observed for the onset of landslide erosion. Landslide erosion limits topographic growth beyond this elevation such that landsliding behaves as a buzz-saw on the landscape. The ongoing southward propagation of the landslide buzz-saw is limited by the rate of knickpoint propagation.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster GetachewBelete

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Real-time integration of models=
Getachew Belete, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Netherlands.
Abstract:
Integration of models requires establishing linkage, semantic mediation, and dataset conversion tasks between models. Conventionally model integration tasks are done during development time and users can only use model linkages which are already defined during development time. But as compared to very dynamic users’ needs only few models are integrated and available for usage. What will happen when a user identifies the need to incorporate a ‘new’ model into the integrated system? Either the user himself has to develop the linkage or he has to find somebody who is willing and capable of doing it; which is mostly challenging and time consuming. But if users are provided with a tool that enables to link models at the time of usage, i.e. without requiring additional coding and debugging it will give users better opportunity towards meeting their requirements. Real-time integration can give users additional opportunity to simulate user defined scenarios. In this research we developed model integration framework that enables real-time linkage of ‘simple’ web service based models. The user can define how the models are linked, variable mapping, number of executions, time steps, etc. during the time of usage by using the GUI. The web service based models can be located anywhere and the user needs only the URL of those web service to bring them into the integration.
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CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster HarutyunShahumyan

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Challenges and a solution in coupling dissimilar models for complex planning policy analysis=
Harutyun Shahumyan, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States. harut@umd.eduRolf Moeckel, University of Maryland, Maryland, United States.
Abstract:
Close model integration has become the mantra among model developers. New tools under development, such as CSDMS or OpenMI, promote tight integration of very different models and ease information transfer between the same. Continuously increasing computational capacities enable ever more comprehensive model integrations. From a technical perspective, the prospects of tight model integration are excellent. However, the research presented also exemplified limitations of model integration. 
Python wrappers were developed to loosely couple land use, transportation and emission models developed in different environments. ArcGIS Model Builder was used to provide a graphical user interface and to present the models’ links and workflow. With the use of Python wrappers, the implementation of the coupler is separated from the models’ source codes. This gives an additional flexibility, which can help in terms of portability, performance and maintenance of the codes. Though some limitations, this system supports different types of components and links them under a single user interface without changing their original source codes. The integrated system calls automatically component models developed in Java, Cube script, MS Excel and C++ environments.
The suggested approach is especially efficient when the models are developed in different programming languages, their source code is not available or the licensing restrictions make other coupling approaches infeasible. Though this research focuses on dynamic spatial models that integrate transportation, land use and environmental impact models, the methodology is not limited to this type of systems. It can also be applied to other systems requiring consecutive implementation of standalone components including non-spatial models. Notwithstanding the ability to run complex model scenarios, the probably most important lesson learned of this research refers to the level of model integration. A key finding of this research is that model integration should depend on direction of information exchange and frequency of data flows. While this simple but robust loose integration method has satisfied the project’s initial goals, further tighter integration within the CSDMS is currently explored in the view of enhancing the models performance and data exchange speed as well as to widen their scope of applications.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.