Dye Diffusion Processes

Page Information	Page Information
Date initiated 	March 2020
Contributors 	Luisa Casella, Joan Walker
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===Dye Diffusion Processes===
Dye diffusion processes are instant photographic processes based on the subtractive color principle. The image is created within minutes of exposure as a result of a single step processing that is an integral part of the film. The image is recorded within the separate color layers of a tripack film; the development process is activated; and the three separate images are diffused from their separate location onto the same image-receivng layer (Pénichon, p. 232).
Dye diffusion processes can be categorized as peel-apart color films or integral color films. In peel-apart materials, the image formation is stopped when the negative and the positive layers are stripped apart. With integral color films, negative and receiving layers are sealed into a single unit that includes the reactive processing materials. After development, all these coexist in a stable structure.
====Dye diffusion processes timeline (cf. Pénichon, p.233)====
*Polaroid peel-apart films (1963-2008) - Peel-apart color film
*Polaroid integral films (1972-2006) - Integral color films
*Eastman Kodak integral films (1976-1986) - Integral color films
*Ektaflex PCT (1981-1988) - Peel-apart color film
*Fujifilm integral films (1981-present) - Integral color films
*Copycolor (1983-1986) - Peel-apart color film
*Agfachrome-Speed (1983-1986) - Integral color films
*Fujifilm peel-apart films (1984-2016) - Peel-apart color film
*The Impossible Project (renamed Polaroid Originals 2017) integral films (2010-present) - Integral color films
====Peel-apart processes (cf. Pénichon, p.233)====
*Generic names: instant, dye diffusion transfer, diffusion transfer
* Brand names: Polacolor, Polacolor 1, Polacolor2, PolacolorER, Polaroid, Polaroid 20x24, Polaroid 600, Time-Zero, Ektaflex PCT, Copycolor, Fuji FP-100, Fuji FP-800, Viva
====Integral color processes (cf. Pénichon, p.233)====
*Generic names: integral dye diffusion, internal dye diffusion transfer, one-step, instant color film, dye incorporated
* Brand names: Polaroid, Polaroid 500, SX-70, Kodak Instant Print Film, PR-10, Kodamatic, Trimprint, Agfachrome-Speed, Fuji FI-800GT, Fuji Panorama, Spectra, Captiva, Vision, iZone, Mio, Instax
=== Historical Facts===
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=== Identification Characteristics ===
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==== Image layer====
==== Color ====
==== Support ====
=== Conservation===
=== Housing and Storage Considerations ===
==== Housing ====
==== Storage ====
=== Exhibition ===
=== Emergency Recovery===
=== References===
==== Conservation====
==== Process and History====
*Graphics Atlas, Instant (Diffusion Transfer) page: http://www.graphicsatlas.org/identification/?process_id=91
*Graphics Atlas, Instant (Dye Diffusion Transfer) page: http://www.graphicsatlas.org/identification/?process_id=111
*Graphics Atlas, Instant (Internal Dye Diffusion Transfer) page: http://www.graphicsatlas.org/identification/?process_id=333
*Pénichon, Sylvie. 2013. "Twentieth-Century Color Photographs: Identification and Care. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute.
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