nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Genetic Engineering

This page is about Genetic Engineering, also sometimes called Genetic Modification, which refers to the direct modification of the genome of an organism. Genetically engineered organisms are often referred to as GMO's. These terms are not usually used to refer to genetic modification through selective breeding and/or hybridization alone...here we use the terms "genetic engineering" and "GMO" only to refer to organisms that have had their genomes directly manipulated.
Why This Way includes participants with a range of views on genetic engineering and GMO's. As a group we have two agreed upon stances or practices regarding genetic engineering, but beyond these stances, participants do not necessarily agree on every point. These stances can be summed as protecting against GMO's entering the wild in self-sustaining populations, and labelling of GMO foods.
==Protection against GMO's entering the wild in self-sustaining populations==
At our current level of scientific understanding of impacts of such releases, we oppose the use of any genetically modified organisms in such a way that organisms with modified genomes could be released into the wild in a self-sustaining population.
This is related to our belief about sustainability--our concern is the possibility of causing irreversible damage to ecosystems if GMO's are released in such a way that they can sustain themselves.
As examples, the use of GMO's that are engineered to be sterile would not be in conflict with our agreed-upon practice, so long as great enough care is taken to ensure that they actually are sterile and there is no risk of them reproducing.
==Labelling of GMO foods==
We support labelling of foods containing any GMO ingredients, as our own practice. This does not necessarily mean that all participants support mandatory labelling imposed by a government body (although some participants may take this stance), but rather, that for a business or organization to follow the practices of Why This Way, it would need to label GMO's. We are also developing our own system of food certification, and it requires the labelling of foods with GMO ingredients as well as animal products produced from animals that have been fed GMO ingredients.
We also believe it is dishonest to label products with labels like "natural", "all natural", or "no artificial ingredients" if they contain GMO ingredients, because of the way these terms are defined and used in society at large.
We also have agreed that our GMO labelling would not require labelling in the case of trace amounts of contamination with GMO ingredients, due to non-deliberate contamination, such as if a small amount of GMO ingredients seed into a farmer's field without the farmer's consent.
Category:Sustainability
Health Care

This page describes our beliefs and practices surrounding health care, that is, caring for the physical health of people. We are currently in the process of discussing and building a philosophy of health care and a health care system that is consistent with our beliefs.
==Principles of health care==
* Focus on building positive health, rather than just fixing problems.
* Give people the choice to refuse medical care or intervention, both in the moment, or ahead of time, as in a written document like a living will, that can handle a circumstance in which a person is incapacitated.
==Treating health problems==
* Give preference to treatments which involve otherwise healthy changes to lifestyle or diet, before exploring treatments which are more costly, involve more risks, or are not otherwise the most healthy decisions on their own.
==Building positive health==
We have discussed several different facets of building positive health:
* Exercise
* Nutrition and diet, which relate to our views on food
* Stress management
* Sleep
* Social support
===Exercise===
Exercise is a key component of building both physical and mental health, and impacts virtually all aspects of health.
One problem we have discussed is the way, for most adults in modern society, exercise is treated somewhat like a chore, contrasting with children, who often get exercise through unstructured play, and have avenues like playgrounds for physically-active play. This is not only true of time specifically dedicated to physical activity, but also to social norms for the level of physical activity. For example, it is not common (or in many cases practical) to run down the hallways in most workplaces.
Exercise is also related to community design, architecture, and urban design. For example, walkable neighborhoods and commercial districts can encourage walking, whereas car-oriented design can encourage people to drive rather than walk, thus reducing the amount of exercise people get.
===Nutrition and diet===
Nutrition and diet relate both to physical and psychological health. Many nutrient deficiencies can manifest as psychological symptoms, which can influence people's thinking and hinder clear thinking, and contribute to problems like depression or anxiety.
When a person has a nutritional deficiency of a specific micronutrient, we prefer helping that person to obtain that nutrient through eating natural foods, and we would only recommend for a nutritional supplement or vitamin if there were a reason that it was not practical for the person to obtain that nutrient through natural foods.
Category:Social Institutions
History

This page is about the study and teaching of 'History, the subject that studies the past.
==History and the rules of communication==
Our rules of communication place strict restrictions on how people talk about events in the past. Some of the most relevant rules are those about speaking from experience and not stating as fact something that is uncertain. Events in the past typically have significant uncertainty associated with them.
When there is consensus about a particular event happening with certainty, it is within our rules to state it as a simple fact. If there is no such consensus though, it must be presented in a different way. In the context of discussing history this can happen in many different ways:
* Citing an authority - "Such-and-such author or historian says that X happened."
* Speaking from experience - "I remember this happening."
* Speaking from impression or belief - "I believe that X happened."
The narratives told in the subject of history are subjective. In Why This Way, when we discuss history as a subject, when we teach history, and when we discuss immediate short-term history of events in our lives relevant to our discussions, we want to identify the subjectivity of our narratives as a way of reaching a more truthful understanding of things.
==History in education==
We have agreed that in general, history as it is typically taught in mainstream education presents a great deal of subjective analysis that breaks our rules of communication. We have discussed limiting the teaching of history to basic material that there is a consensus about, and, with younger children, holding off on deeper analysis of history until children have greater understanding of the subjectivity of such analysis.
Category:Miscellaneous
Homework

This page is about homework, the assigment of work to be done outside of school during formal education.
We have agreed that, while homework can be beneficial, given how much time children spend in school in the U.S., which averages just under 7 hours, there is no need to assign homework, and we support the idea of making homework optional.
Excessive homework can take away from the time children would spend with family, having fun or relaxing, or in self-directed learning. Time spent on self-directed learning might actually yield greater learning and understanding than typical homework. We have also discussed the importance of children to have unstructured time, so as to develop the skill to enjoy it and use it effectively. Too much homework can take away from children being able to develop the ability to find interesting, fun, or productive things to do on their own.
Category:Social Institutions
Language

The use of language is a key concept in Why This Way. Our rules of communication specify to "use language accurately and honestly, stating only truths." as well as to "use words within the range of meanings used in society at large." At the same time as we wish to encourage people to use language in deliberate and specific ways, we also emphasize awareness of the diversity of ways in which people, both inside and outside of our group, use language.
A core idea in Why This Way is the idea that the same truth can be expressed in language in different ways, and another core idea is that people can use the same word, phrase, or linguistic construction to refer to different concepts.
As an example that comes up frequently in religion, people with different belief systems might both use the word "God" but might have fundamentally different (and perhaps incompatible) ideas of God. On the other hand, two people might talk about a similar or related concept, with one person using the word God and another person not and instead using a different word or phrase.
Category:Communication
Leadership

This page is about leadership, as it pertains to both the values and organizational structure of Why This Way. People can and do fullfill leadership roles in Why This Way; a key difference between leadership in Why This Way and organizations with a hierarchical power structure is that leaders in Why This Way can only lead with the full consent of the people they are leading.
The word "leadership" can describe many different things. Leadership roles may or may not correspond to the roles filled by people in formal positions of leadership, such as clergy or religious leaders, managers or executives in a business or corporation, directors of an organization, or elected or appointed officials in government.
People in any position can exhibit leadership qualities and fulfill leadership roles.
==Types of leadership or roles for leaders==
* Pushing people to get outside their comfort zone
* Inspiring or motivating people to get more involved
* Delegator - Delegating various tasks to other people
* Project manager - Checking in with people's progress on a project, coordinating what needs to get done in what time frames, who needs to get material or information to whom, making sure people stay on time with necessary tasks, and being the go-to person about the project 
* Advisor - Being available to answer questions or give advice
* Evaluator - Evaluating and giving constructive feedback on a person's work
* Mentor - Helping to nurture or guide a person through growth and learning, such as by teaching a person new skills, or leading them in the direction of growth and development
* Thinking up things to do
* Visionary - Having a vision and being able to communicate that vision to others, inspiring them to see how smaller activities or actions fit into a broader context
* Decision maker -
* Pioneer - Being among the first people to do something, voicing an opinion or standing up for something when few or no other people are
* Role model - Setting a good example for others to follow, demonstrating behavior that is considered desirable in the context of an organization
* Being calm and reassuring - Staying calm in times of stress or crisis, and reassuring others when they are stressed, worried, or doubting their own abilities
==Leadership and consent==
In Why This Way, we emphasize the importance of consent in all aspects of life, including leadership. We do not want leaders in our group to be able to impose their will on people without their consent. Rather, in Why This Way, people in leadership roles lead with the consent of the people they are leading. Any person thus has the ability to say no to something they are asked or directed by a leader to do, as well as to question the designation of that person in a leadership role.
Category: Social Institutions
Listening

Listening is a key aspect of communication. Why This Way heavily emphasizes, and relies on, high-quality listening. Our rules of communication require close listening and reflection in order to be followed, as many of the rules delve fairly deep into the details of how statements are worded, and the rules also require reflection on whether or not the listener agrees with what is stated as fact.
==Listening tips==
===Ask for explanation===
One of the starting points in Why This Way is the idea that people use language in different ways. If you feel unsure of what someone means by a word, phrase, or statement, it is important to ask the person to explain themselves. Because of differences in communication, and because many of the points that we discuss in Why This Way are complex, subtle, and sometimes hard to capture in words, asking for explanation is essential to actually understanding what people are trying to communicate.
===Ask people to slow down or repeat something missed===
Listening can require extensive thought. It is normal and quite common to miss a key point in a conversation. These problems become worse when conversations moves more quickly: especially when points being discussed are unfamiliar, complex, or subtle, it is easy for a conversation to move more quickly than people are able to follow it.
In these situations, asking people to slow down can greatly facilitate listening. You can ask people to slow down in general, or to repeat certain specific points that you missed. If the conversation has become fast-paced because of a tense situation or heated discussion, it can be helpful to ask in a way that makes clear that you care about understanding what people are saying, such as by asking: "Can you repeat that more slowly? I want to make sure I really understand what you are saying."
Category:Communication
Marriage

People who have been active in Why This Way have a broad range of views on marriage, including both secular and religious perspectives. We generally agree that different people have different ideas of marriage, and, rather than embracing or advocating a particular definition or viewpoint of marriage, we emphasize that our beliefs about consent are important in guiding what sorts of practices about marriage are healthy or unhealthy. We also consider it important that marriage is consensual for the people being married. 
Other topics that we have discussed include social pressures with respect to marriage, namely pressures both for and against certain people getting married, and how the government or other social institutions can force a particular definition of marriage on people in ways outside of a healthy state described in our beliefs.
==Government & marriage==
The consensus in our group is that government-defined marriage is its own structure which may or may not correspond to what people see as true marriage.
The dialogue about marriage can sometimes fail to distinguish between legal marriage and people's personal definitions of marriage, which may or may not coincide with the legal definition in various cases. Although we have a broad range of views on marriage, the consensus in our group is that it is important to distinguish between legal marriage, and people's personal or religious views on marriage.
In the United States, legal marriage can be used as a "back door" to achieve many different goals, from financial aid for college students, to immigration and naturalization, to health care benefits.
==Social pressure & marriage==
We believe that social pressures exist both for and against the marriage of certain people. If these social pressures are taken too far, they can become coercive and unhealthy, as they can cloud the choices people make to enter or not enter into marriage.
==Weddings==
Why This Way has guidelines and practices about weddings, which emphasize minimizing material expenditures to the extent they can create non-consensual social pressures or undermine people's decision of whether or not to marry.
Category:Social Institutions
Milestones

This page highlights the major milestones of Why This Way.
* January 4th, 2012 - Our group had its first meeting, in Philadelphia, and officially began, although without a name. The group began establishing the rules of communication.
* March 28th, 2012 - The group agreed upon the name Why This Way.
* April 4th, 2012 - Why This Way agreed upon its symbol.
* April 5th, 2012 - Why This Way wiki established.
Category:About Why This Way
Objectification

Objectification can refer to the practice of treating a human being as an object. The term is often used in the context of sexual objectification, the viewing or using of a person for the sole purpose of sexual pleasure. In any form of objectification, the person is viewed for a specific purpose or ends, and not viewed as a whole person. Objectification is against the beliefs and practices of Why This Way, because it clashes with our core beliefs that all people are valuable and that in a healthy state, people view and treat each other as whole people. Communications (whether written, spoken, or otherwise) that objectify a person break our rules of communication, which specify to talk about each person as a whole person.
==Objectification lacks a clear definition==
The term objectification carries a negative connotation in society, but there is no societal consensus about what exactly it means to objectify someone. Definitions range from just admiring someone's body or parts of their body to taking advantage of someone sexually, or taking advantage of people in different ways without consideration for their well-being. Not everything that some people might consider to be objectification is agreed to be harmful. 
==Avoiding objectification==
To avoid objectifying someone in a harmful way, we can apply these principles: 
* Treat everyone with respect. Avoid taking advantage of people, and consider how your actions and words affect someone's well-being. 
* View everyone as a whole person. Objectification can involve a mentality of disconnecting a person's body or parts of their body from the rest of the person. Keeping in mind that every body part belongs to a person with thoughts and feelings can make it easier to treat people with respect.
Category:Miscellaneous
Organizational Actions

This page is for posting proposed and completed actions that Why This Way does as an organization. The use of this page is governed by the organizational policies. In order for an action to be carried out, a consensus must be reached at a meeting, and then it can be posted on this page as a proposed action. Objections and discussions may be posted on the talk page. After 8 days, if there are no unresolved objections, the action may be carried out, and the notice can be moved to the "completed actions" section. 
==Proposed Actions==
==Completed Actions==
Last night at the West Philly meeting we agreed to approve this image to be posted by any active social media accounts of Why This Way, which right now is just the Facebook page (not twitter, we've been leaving that inactive because we have no one checking @-messages for replies). Cazort 15:07, 12 April 2013 (CDT)
Category:Miscellaneous
Organizational Policies

This page describes the organizational policies that govern how Why This Way is run.
==Core beliefs and practices==
* The core beliefs and practices govern and guide discussions and decisions in our group. When in conflict with any other material on the wiki, the core beliefs and practices override any conflicting material that is not considered part of the core beliefs and practices.
* The core beliefs and practices are collected on the wiki in the core beliefs and practices category.
* The core beliefs and practices reflect the consensus of our group, and can only be modified by consensus at a meeting. To ensure consensus between meetings in different locations, any proposed modifications to the core beliefs and practices must be posted on the Wiki's talk page, and will become official if there are no unresolved objections for a duration of eight days after the consensus was reached at a meeting. After eight days, the modifications will become official as soon as all objections are resolved.
:* Exceptions to the 8-day waiting period can be made to correct errors, modify wiki linking and formatting, and to address ways in which the core beliefs and practices violate the rules of communication. These changes require consensus at a meeting but not a waiting period.
* When modifying the core beliefs and practices, we make decisions on the basis of improving the system of beliefs and practices as a whole. Factors we consider include:
:* Internal consistency
:* Desires and opinions of participants
==Meetings==
* In order to be an official meeting, at least three participants must be present.
* At official meetings, we follow the process and rules of communication.
* Any statement that breaks the rules is off the record and does not go into any official document. However, for meetings that are recorded (either by audio/video or transcript), both an original unedited version, and an official version will be kept.
==Finances==
* Our finances are completely transparent.
==Fundraising==
* We accept only unconditional contributions. (see Principles for Handling Money for a full explanation)
* Do not solicit any donations at any event or during any interaction which serves the primary purpose of introducing people to Why This Way.
* Do not regularly or repeatedly solicit donations from any people or groups unless those people or groups have consented to us soliciting money from them. Do not solicit more often than a frequency which they have consented to.
* Do not give gifts with the intention of influencing people to give money.
==Organizational Actions==
* In order to carry out an action as Why This Way in ways not already specified in our organizational policies, a consensus must be reached at a meeting and a notice must be posted on the Organizational Actions page. The action can be carried out if there are no unresolved objections after an 8-day waiting period.
* Exceptions to the 8-day waiting period can occur when quicker action is needed. Before making a decision, obtain as broad of a consensus as possible given the situation.
Ownership

This page is about our views on the ownership of property. This topic is related to what many people call "property rights"; we are cautious about using the term "property rights" because this term can impose one particular view of property and ownership on people who may hold differing views.
Some of our beliefs that are most directly related to the ownership of property are those surrounding responsibility and consent.
==Ownership and responsibility==
Our beliefs state that in a healthy state, people take responsibility for their actions. Responsibility is hard to define, but our view of responsibility is that it involves a certain degree of accessibility and openness to discussion about the way a person's actions affect others.
Some ownership, such as the ownership of small items held within a home, may have little or no effect on other people on a daily basis. But in other cases, such as of land or buildings, the effects of a person's choices involving that property can be large.
Category:Miscellaneous