nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Tachylite

== Description ==
A vitrous form of obsidian. Tachylite is formed when molten basalt cools rapidly. It is black or dark brown glassy material that contains veins or masses or other minerals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tachylyte
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Brittle with conchoidal fracture.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 641
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachylite (Accessed Sept. 28, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Tack

== Description ==
1) A large, loose stitch made as a temporary fastener or marker. 
2) The ability of an adhesive, coating, paint or ink to adhere to a surface. 
3) See tacks, upholstery.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1) hilván (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Tacking iron

==Description==
A special tool primarily used for tacking dry mounting tissue, heat set tissue, or other heat set adhesives. Tacking irons are is thermostatically adjustable, often with a range of 200-500F where the temperature is digitally controlled to provide accuracy. Some options include having the shoe of the iron coated with a non stick coating, rounded sides, but a point tip that allows access into hard to reach areas. 
==Resources and Citations==
* Talas: Tacking Iron
* Remington Laminations: Tacking iron
Category:Materials database
Tacks, upholstery

== Description ==
A short nail with a relatively large, flat head. Upholstery tacks often have decorative heads. Often used in addition to the tacks are strips of cardboard, metal, or plastic to create a clean and crisp edge when blind tacking the fabric in place. A tack strip can be attached via staples underneath the decorative fabric.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Upholstery tacks; upholstery nails; tacking nails; tacking strips; tack strips
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Dykes Restorers: Upholstery tacks Accessed Sept. 2022
* Heritage Components: Upholstery tacks Accessed Sept. 2022
* Sailrite: Upholstery tack strips Accessed Sept. 2022
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Tade - left (376 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_376.jpg~Normal|Uemura_10-15-2009_376_UV.jpg~UV]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 376
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (376 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| cream
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蓼 : Tade
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf, stem / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The wild one was used, and was collected from a garden at the Kobeniya Izumi Kunugi Kyutei (). The actual use of this plant for dyeing is unknown.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Tade - right (376 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_376.jpg~Normal|Uemura_10-15-2009_376_UV.jpg~UV]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 376
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (376 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蓼 : Tade
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf, stem / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The wild one was used, and was collected from a garden at the Kobeniya Izumi Kunugi Kyutei (). The actual use of this plant for dyeing is unknown.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Tadeai (Japanese indigo)- left (274 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_08-13-2009_274.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 274
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (274 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| greenish blue stains
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蓼藍 : Tadeai
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Japanese indigo
|-		
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spacn (Polygonum tinctoria Aiton)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / fresh
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| rubbed onto the fabric
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Carried out in June, 1931.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Tadeai (Japanese indigo) - right (274 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_08-13-2009_274.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 274
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (274 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light blue stains
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蓼藍 : Tadeai
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Japanese indigo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spacn (Polygonum tinctoria Aiton)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / fresh
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| rubbed onto the fabric
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Carried out in June, 1931.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Taffeta

== Description ==
A crisp, shiny fabric originally made from silk in Persia. Taffeta is now also made from cotton, Rayon, Nylon, Acetate or Polyester. The plain weave fabric uses a filling yarn that is heavier than the warp to produce a fine cross-rib texture. Taffeta is used for linings, dresses, suits, and trim. There are two distinct types of silk taffeta: yarn-dyed and piece-dyed. Piece-dyed taffeta is often used in linings and is quite soft. Yarn-dyed taffeta is much stiffer and is often used in evening dresses. When different colors are used for the warp and weft threads, the fabric can have an iridescent effect and is called shot silk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
taffety; tafetán (Esp.); 
== Additional Images ==
File:MFA521204 Taffeta apron.jpg|Taffeta apronMFA# 52.1204
File:MFA502372 Taffeta bag.jpg|Silk taffeta bagMFA# 50.372
File:MFA50490 Taffeta shoes.jpg|Silk taffeta shoesMFA# 50.490
File:Image3_802547.jpg|Acetate taffeta
== Resources and Citations ==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taffeta (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005 and October 21, 2020)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Tagboard

== Description ==
A thin, tough, lightweight cardboard. Tagboard, or oaktag, is usually made from a combination of jute and sulfate pulps. The stiff paperboard most often has a smooth finish and manilla color. Tagboard is used for posters, file folders, stencils, and shipping tags.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tag; tag board; oaktag
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
Category:Materials database
Tagua nut

== Description ==
A natural replacement for ivory obtained from the tagua palm (Phytelephas equatorialis) that is native to South America. Tagua nuts are harvested, the dried to form a hard, white, carvable material. They have been used since the 1920s as an inexpensive substitute for ivory. Tagua nuts were historically used for buttons and inlays, but in recent years, tourists have created an extensive market for small carved figurines.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tagua palm nut; vegetable ivory
== Additional Images ==
File:tagua1f5.jpg|Tagua palm nut tree
File:tagua_nutswg.jpg|Tagua nuts (vegetable ivory)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 424
* Website: http://www.oneworldprojects.com/products/tagua.shtml - contains images of many types of carved objects
Category:Materials database
Taigu wood dye

== Description ==
A scarlet dye extracted from the wood of the taigu or Surinam greenheart tree native to South America and Asia. Taiguic acid, the primary coloring agent, is extracted with alcohol and dries to form yellow prismatic crystals. The colorant turns brown in sunlight. Taigu dye gives a bright orange-red color to cotton from alkaline solutions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
taiguic acid; lapachol (CI 75490); lapachic acid; tayegu wood dye; Surinam greenheart dye; Lapacho heartwood dye; Bethbarra wood dye; Natural Yellow 16;
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Solution in alcohol, chloroform, benzene, acetic acid. Slightly soluble in hot water, ether. 
* UV max 251.5, 278, 331 nm.
CAS 	84-79-7
Melting Point	140 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5195
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876 Comment: p. 300
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
Category:Materials database
Taisei (Woad) - top (274 T)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_08-13-2009_274.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 274
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| top (274 T)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light brownish green stains
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 大青 : Taisei
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Woad
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Isatis tinctoria L. var. indigotica (Fortune) T.Y.Cheo et K.C.Kuan (I.indigotica Fortune)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / fresh
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| rubbed onto the fabric
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Those fresh leaves in blue color were collected and rubbed onto the fabric. Carried out on May 15th, 1931. The leaves tended to be more red than those of other plants containing indigo, such as Yamaai (Mercurialis leiocarpa Siebold et Zecc.) and Tade-ai (Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach (Polygonum tinctorium Aiton)).
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Taito II, Court Lady and Pine Shoots, 21.9244

Court Lady and Pine Shoots
小松と官女
Katsushika Taito II (active about 1810–1853)
Edo period
Other impressions: 11.20414
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	vermilion (how to categorize, unknown)
Pt 2 	 	 	Prussian blue (to be run)
Pt 3 	 	 	(to be run)
Pt 4 	 	 	tin
Pt 5 	 	 	brass
Pt 6 	 	 	orpiment
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Katsushika Taito II (葛飾戴斗) active about 1810–1853
Category:Brass: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Prussian Blue: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Tin: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Vermilion: Ukiyo-e colorant
Taiwan-san Soshiyu - center (364 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_364.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 364
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (364 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| red brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 台湾産相思樹 : Taiwan-san Soshiyu
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Acacia confusa Merr.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The material was sent from Taichung, Taiwan.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Taiwan incense cedar

== Description ==
An ornamental evergreen tree native to Taiwan (Calocedrus formosana), and southwest China (Calocedrus macrolepis). The incense cedar tree has soft, decay-resistant wood that was exploited in Asia for building coffins. The trees are now rarely found in the wild.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
incense-cedar; taiwania; Calocedrus formosana; Chamaecyparis formiosana; Taiwania cryptomerioides
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense-cedar (Accessed Sept. 28, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Takakibi (Sorghum) - right (339 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_339.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 339
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (339 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 高キビ : Takakibi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| sorghum
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| stem and leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| When using ash water, the resultant color would be in a red tone, and when using alum, the resultant color would be in an orange.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Takakibi /Morokoshi (Sorghum) - left (338 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_338.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 338
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (338 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 高キビ /モロコシ : Takakibi /Morokoshi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| sorghum
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| stem and leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyed color changed into more orange after taking it out from the dye bath.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Takakibi /Morokoshi (Sorghum) - right (338 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_338.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 338
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (338 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| white
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 高キビ /モロコシ : Takakibi /Morokoshi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| sorghum
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| stem and leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyeing recipe comes from "Koueki Hitsuji Taizen ()". During the boiling extraction of dye compound(s) from the plant, ash water was added into the bath. The plant for this experiment was collected by Mr. Shoichi Gotoh ().
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Takeyamachi kinsha

== Description ==
An embroidery technique in which the thread patterns looks like a pile of bricks. When metal thread is used, care is taken to ensure the strips lay flat.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
takemachi kin sha; takeyamachi-nui
==Resources and Citations==
* Embroidery techniques at http://shofu.pref.ishikawa.jp/shofu/sougei1_kaganui/gihou/ki_12.htm
Category:Materials database
Talcum

== Description ==
1) An obsolete Latin term for talc. 
2) A perfumed dusting powder, usually made with powdered talc.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
talc
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 795
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Talipot palm

== Description ==
A tall palm, Corypha umbraculifera, native to Southeast Asia and the Philippines. The talipot palm is a very tall palm with broad fan-shaped leaves that are used for making fans and umbrellas and covering houses. The leaves have been used for writing paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Corypha umbraculifera
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Virtual Palm encyclopedia at http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/photos/species/corypha_umbraculifera.htm
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Tall oil

== Description ==
A black, resinous liquid obtained as a byproduct from the sulfate, or kraft, paper pulping of pine wood. Tall oil contains 35-60% rosin acids and 50-60% fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). It is mixed with lime to produce an inexpensive, oily liquid that dries to a brittle yellow film. Tall oil is used in the manufacture of soaps, greases, paints, alkyd resins, linoleum, fungicides, cutting oils, and asphalt emulsions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tallol; talleol; liquid rosin
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Acid no. = 170-180 
* Saponification no. = 172-185 
* Iodine no. 120-188
* Density = 0.95-0.1 g/ml
* Refractive Index = ~ 1.5
==Resources and Citations===
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 795
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9210
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Guy Weismantel, Paint Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1981
Category:Materials database
Tallow

== Description ==
A hard fat obtained from animals, especially beef (stearin; Bos taurus) and sheep (suet; Ovis aries). Tallow is separated by moisture and fibrous tissue by melting and cooling. primarily contain the following fatty acids (average %): oleic acid (37-43%), palmitic acid (24-32%), stearic acid (20-25%), linoleic acid (2-3%) and myristic acid (3-6%). Oleo stock refers to the highest grade of beef tallow or stearin. Tallow is used in leather dressing and in the manufacture of soaps, lubricants, candles, and food.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Talg (Deut.); sebo (Esp.); oleo stock; stearin; suet; animal fat
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Melting points for various tallows: 
* horse (20-45 C) 
* beef (27-38 C) 
* mutton (32-41 C)
Iodine value = 40 (mutton), 49.5 beef) 
Saponification value = 194 (mutton), 197 (beef)
Density 	0.86-0.94 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.4565
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 796
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982 Comment: 40-45 (mutton); 35-40 (beef)
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9211; density =0.86
* Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technologies, Paul Nicholson, Ian Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 Comment: M.Serpico, R.White, "Oil, fat and wax"
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.94; ref. index = 1.4565
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database