nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Vishal Pandya

__NOTOC__ 
Vishal Pandya is chief operating officer of FlexTrade Systems, a provider of multi-asset execution and order management systems. He was appointed to that newly created position on March 29, 2017. 
== Background ==
Vishal Pandya joined FlexTrade after eight years at Hewlett Packard Enterprise, where he was most recently vice president, operational performance (Office of the COO). Previously, he held various roles leading strategy & operations for indirect sales, emerging market sales and corporate strategy at HP. 
Before joining Hewlett Packard, Pandya spent seven years as a management consultant with McKinsey & Company, where he served clients in the financial services on strategy, sales and marketing, and operational improvements. 
 
== Education ==
He holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay (India), and a MBA from Carnegie Mellon University where he was a Ford Scholar.
== References ==	
Category:Flextrade]]
Vishal Thakkar

__NOTOC__ 
Vishal Thakkar is chief risk officer at OCC, the world's largest equity derivatives clearing organization. 
Thakkar is also a member of the executive committee of CCP Global, the global association for central counterparties (“CCPs”), representing 42 members who operate over 60 individual CCPs globally across the Americas, EMEA and the Asia-Pacific region.
== Background ==
Previously, Thakkar led the Enterprise Risk Management function at OCC and was responsible for designing a sound risk management framework. He served as first vice president of Financial Risk Management. Thakkar joined OCC in 2016 as first vice president, Internal Audit and was responsible for leading technology and operations audits for the company.
From 2004 to 2016, Thakkar held internal audit and risk management roles with Southern Company Gas, most recently serving as director, Internal Audit, Corporate/Shared Services and Regulated Operations and prior to that as senior manager of Risk Management. Before Southern Company Gas, Thakkar served in consulting, operations and technology roles at Nicor, Inc., Accenture and MCI.
 
== Education ==
Thakkar earned both a Bachelor of Science degree in information systems and an MBA in entrepreneurship from DePaul University. A member of the Institute of Internal Auditors and ISACA, he is a regular speaker at industry events. He is a Certified Information Systems Auditor and a Certified Fraud Examiner.
== References ==	
Category:Risk Management Professionals
Category:Clearing Professionals
Vision Financial Markets LLC

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Vision Financial Markets LLC is a self-clearing futures commission merchant (FCM) registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), that serves both retail and professional traders. The firm says it has partnered with more than 200 introducing brokers, representing more than 500 registered associated persons. 
The firm has offices in New York, Chicago, Stamford, Conn. and Santa Monica, Calif.
In September 2013, the CFTC ordered Vision to pay a $525,000 civil monetary penalty for failing to segregate commodity and options customer funds and failing to notify the CFTC and Vision’s SRO of its under-segregation, as well as making misstatements to the CFTC about where and in what manner the customer funds were being held.
In June 2014, the National Futures Association announced it had reached a settlement with Vision in which the company agreed to pay a $1.5 million fine, and would shutter its FCM and reconstitute it as High Ridge Futures LLC. The NFA said it would bar Vision, commodity trading advisor Ace Investment Strategists, and Ace’s principal, Yun-Dee Chang, from NFA membership. 
Vision has been the subject of four previous NFA Complaints, three of which charged the firm with failing to diligently supervise various aspects of the firm's operations.
== Background ==
Vision added to its customer account rolls in October 2012, when the firm was given control of about 15,000 customer accounts from Peregrine Financial Group, valued at about $123 million, during the bankruptcy process for Peregrine. As of July 2012, Vision held $506.3 million in customer segregated funds, up from $415.7 million a year earlier according to CFTC data. 
== Products and Services ==
The firm offers more than a dozen screen-based trading applications as well as services for algorithmic trading, high frequency trading and direct market access for stocks, futures and options. 
== Key People ==
*Howard Rothman, President
== Registration ==
*VISION FINANCIAL MARKETS LLC - NFA ID: 0208888
== References ==
Category:Brokerages
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
Category:Commodity Pool Operators
Category:Algorithmic Trading
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Vito Gendusa

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Vito Gendusa is vice president of finance and administration at the Boston Options Exchange, which he joined in March 2007. He is responsible for the overall accounting and finance functions of BOX. 
== Background ==
Gendusa has over 20 years of accounting experience, including over 10 years as controller in a hedge fund and broker dealer environment.
== Education ==
He received his MBA from DePaul University and his BBA from Loyola University of Chicago. Vito is also a certified public accountant (CPA) and a member of the Illinois CPA Society.
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Boston Options Exchange
Vitor Manuel Ribeiro Constancio

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Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio is the vice president of the European Central Bank. He has also served as governor of Banco de Portugal from 2000-2010.
== Background ==
Prior to this, Ribeiro Constâncio served as executive director of Banco Português de Investimento from 1995-2000 and was non-executive director of the Portuguese 
national power utility, Electricidade de Portugal (EDP), from 1998-2000.
== Education ==
Ribeiro Constâncio received a degree in Economics from Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.
== References ==
Category:Central Banks
Category:European Securities Regulators
Category:European Central Bank
Vivian Maese

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Vivian Maese is a partner at Alson & Bird. She was formerly General Counsel at BIDS Trading L.P., providing strategic leadership and legal counsel for the firm. She also founded the Wall Street Computer Law and Intellectual Property Roundtable and speaks regularly at industry gatherings. She has published reports on legal issues relating to technology and intellectual property. She was also a member of SIFMA's Technology and Regulatory Committee and was founding Chair of the Intellectual Property Committee. 
== Background ==
Before joining BIDS Trading, Maese was the senior vice president and associate general counsel at NYSE Euronext. She also spent more than 20 years as an industry-leading attorney and managing director at Citi where she provided intellectual property and technology expertise. 
== Education ==
Maese graduated from Brooklyn Law School and Hunter College. She is a member of the New York State Bar and is admitted to practice before the Federal District Court and the Supreme Court of the United States.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:BIDS Trading
Vivid Ascent

Vivid Ascent was an integrated marketing company. The company was founded in 2009 by Dan O'Brien, the former president of Brand Clariti and Ray Carmichael, owner and CEO of Strategics, a 20-year old integrated marketing agency specializing in public relations. The firm closed in 2012 and reverted its name to a predecessor firm, Strategics, Inc.
== History ==
Strategics, Inc. is an integrated marketing consultancy representing national and international companies. It is owned by Ray Carmichael, a former head of corporate communications at the Chicago Board of Trade. The firm's areas of expertise include public relations, advertising, marketing communications, management consulting, event management and crisis communications. The firm serves companies in the financial, professional, technology, faith-based and non-profit sectors.
== Products and Services ==
*Public Relations
*Advertising
*Marketing Communications
*Management Consulting
*Event Management
*Crisis Communications
== Key People ==
*Chairman, Ray Carmichael
*CEO, Dan O'Brien
*Director, Sara Aldworth
*Creative Director, Colleen Coster
== Clients - Current And Former ==
*CBOE
*ICE
*NYSE Liffe
== References ==
Category:Public Relations Firms
Vlad Tenev

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Vladimir Tenev is a Bulgarian-American entrepreneur and the co-founder and CEO of Robinhood Markets, Inc., a financial technology company known for its commission-free trading platform. He co-founded Robinhood with his friend Baiju Bhatt in 2013. Tenev owns about 8% of the company. 
== Background ==
Tenev was born in Bulgaria and immigrated to the United States with his family when he was five years old. His parents both worked for the World Bank. Raised in Washington, D.C., Tenev developed an interest in mathematics and technology from an early age.
== Career ==
=== Early Ventures ===
Before founding Robinhood, Tenev and Bhatt started two finance companies in New York City. In 2010, they launched Celeris, a high-frequency trading software company. By January 2011, they had moved on to create Chronos Research, which sold low-latency software to other trading firms and banks.
=== Robinhood ===
In 2013, Tenev co-founded Robinhood with Bhatt, aiming to democratize finance by providing commission-free trades of stocks and exchange-traded funds through a mobile app. The company officially launched its mobile app to the public in 2015.
Under Tenev's leadership, Robinhood experienced rapid growth, disrupting the traditional brokerage industry. The company went public on the Nasdaq exchange in July 2021 at a $32 billion valuation.
In November 2020, Tenev became the sole CEO of Robinhood, having previously shared the co-CEO title with Bhatt.
== Controversies ==
Tenev faced significant scrutiny during the GameStop short squeeze in January 2021, when Robinhood restricted trading on certain securities. He testified before the United States House Committee on Financial Services regarding Robinhood's role in the event.
== Awards and Recognition ==
Tenev has received several accolades for his entrepreneurial achievements:
* Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2016
* Inducted into the Forbes 30 Under 30 Hall of Fame in 2022
* Invited as the keynote speaker at UCLA's 2019 Math Commencement Ceremony
== Education ==
Tenev attended Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Fairfax County, Virginia. He then earned a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from Stanford University, where he met his future Robinhood co-founder, Baiju Bhatt. Following his undergraduate studies, Tenev he earned a M.S. in Mathematics and pursued a Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), but dropped out to focus on entrepreneurial ventures.
== References ==	
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Fintech
Category:Entrepreneurs
Category:CEOs
Category:Brokerage Executives
Vladimir Milovidov

__NOTOC__ 
Vladimir Milovidov is the head of the Russian Federal Financial Markets Service, a position he assumed on May 1, 2007. 
 
== Background ==
*2004 - Assistant to Prime Minister M. Fradkov.
*2003 - Head of the Department of Financial Markets and Privity of the Government. 
*2000 - Deputy head of the Federal Commission for Securities Markets, promoted to first deputy head of the Commission
*1999 - Councilor to the Vice-Prime Minister V. Khristenko
*1998 - Consultant to the Secretariat of Prime Minister E. Primakov
*1987 - Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations
 
== Education ==
Milovidov received his degree in Economics from Moscow State University. In 1987, he completed his graduate studies in Economics at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations attached to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 
== Awards ==
In 2006, Milovidov received the Honoured Economist of the Russian Federation. 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Russia
Category:Russian Federal Markets Service
Vladimir Parizhsky

__NOTOC__ 
Valdimir Parizhsky is a director at Algo Technologies. 
He was previously vice president and chief system architect at Flarion, responsible for the architecture and algorithms of the FLASH-OFDM system. Before joining Flarion, he was director of data pump development at 3COM where he led a team that extended 3COM's leadership position in DSL and dial-up modem technologies. He was awarded the 3COM Silver Inventor Award in 1998. 
Before that, Parizhsky was chief software architect of data pump development at U.S. Robotics where he was one of the inventors in the development of X2 and V.90 modulation technology. He is the author of more than 20 technology patents. 
== Background ==
== Education ==
Parizhsky received a M.S. degree in Applied Mathematics from St. Petersburg University 
== References ==
Vladislav Klyushin

__NOTOC__ 
Vladislav Klyushin (Russian: Владислав Клюшин; born 1980) is a Russian businessman and the founder and CEO of M-13, a Russian company specializing in media monitoring and cybersecurity services.
== Arrest and Legal Proceedings ==
In March 2021, Klyushin was arrested in Switzerland on a warrant from the United States Department of Justice. He faced charges of insider trading, allegedly using confidential data stolen from U.S. companies. Despite his legal team's assertions that the charges were fabricated to extract information about Russian government operations, Klyushin was extradited to the United States on December 19, 2021.
On February 14, 2023, a federal jury found Klyushin guilty of conspiracy, wire fraud, and securities fraud. He received a nine-year prison sentence for his involvement in a hack-to-trade scheme that reportedly generated approximately $93 million in illicit profits. Klyushin was also ordered to forfeit $34,065,419 and pay restitution, the amount of which will be determined at a later date.
== Involvement in Hacking Scheme ==
Klyushin was charged along with two Russian co-conspirators: Ivan Ermakov and Nikolai Rumiantcev. Two others, Mikhail Vladimirovich Irzak and Igor Sergeevich Sladkov, were charged in a separate indictment. All four co-conspirators remain at large. Ermakov had previously been indicted in connection with his alleged role in interfering with the 2016 United States elections and hacking operations targeting international anti-doping agencies.
== Prisoner Exchange ==
Klyushin's case took an unexpected turn on August 1, 2024, when he was released as part of a significant prisoner exchange between the United States and Russia. This exchange, involving 26 individuals, was the largest of its kind since the end of the Cold War. The swap included other high-profile individuals, such as Vadim Krasikov, a Russian FSB officer who had been serving a life sentence in Germany for murder.
Russian state and pro-government media reportedly received guidelines from the Kremlin on how to cover the exchange. These instructions directed them to refer to Russian political prisoners as "troublemakers and traitors" and "agents of the West," while describing the returned Russian citizens, including Klyushin, as individuals who had "worked for the Motherland".
== Video ==
CNBC News Report
== References ==
Voatz

Voatz is a voting application that uses biometric and blockchain technology to create a secure, irrefutable method of voting via smartphone.
== Overview ==
Participating in elections using the Voatz platform is only possible through invitation by a verified election organizer. The app verifies a user's identity by using a smartphone's built-in camera to take a "selfie-style" picture of their face. This picture is then compared to the photo on the user's government-issued photo ID. Votes cast by a user are then anonymized and recorded on the Voatz blockchain.
== Background ==
Voatz was created by Nimit Sawhney in 2014. In January 2018, the company announced it had raised $2.2 million in seed funding. By this point, over 70,000 voters had used the app in various elections in the United States. Medici Ventures is among its most notable investors.
== History ==
In August 2018, the state of West Virginia announced it would be running a pilot program in its November 2018 elections, in which Voatz would be used to allow soldiers deployed abroad to easily vote using smartphones. West Virginia Secretary of State Mac Warner insisted that that the program is not an attempt to replace traditional voting, and soldiers will still have the option to cast paper ballots if they prefer. Nearly 140 West Virginians cast their ballots using the app.
In March 2020, West Virginia's secretary of state Mac Warner announced that the state of West Virigina would not be using Voatz in the 2020 election. The announcement came after two studies from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) revealed security vulnerabilities of the app. Later that month, Voatz' partnership with HackerOne, a "bug bounty" organization (an organization that pays programmers to locate bugs in software code for money) ended abruptly. According to HackerOne, the termination was due to a breach of “partnership standards,” though it declined to elaborate. Voatz described the incident as a "temporary pause" in its partnership with HackerOne. According to Voatz, the incident happened because HackerOne believed that Voatz had reported a researcher to the FBI, which Voatz denied, calling it "falsehood and misinformation." West Virginia Secretary of State Mac Warner said in October 2019 that the FBI was in the process of investigating an attempted breach of the app in 2018, though Warner insisted that no votes in any West Virginia elections had been altered. 
Voatz was used by a voter in Utah County, Utah, in the 2020 U.S. presidential election on October 13. This first-ever presidential election vote on a blockchain was registered through a mobile device. The vote was cast for independent candidate Brock Pierce, who is a gaming and blockchain entrepreneur.
== References ==
Category: distributed ledgers
Category: blockchain
Category: definitions
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki
Volatility

Volatility is a measure of the relative rate at which the price of a security or contract fluctuates. It is defined as the annualized standard deviation of daily change in price or, in other words, the square root of the security's annualized variance.
A volatile market, contract or security is one whose price tends to fluctuate sharply and regularly. 
One measure of the relative volatility of a particular stock to the market is its beta. A beta approximates the overall volatility of a security's returns against the returns of a relevant benchmark such as the S&P 500. 
== Technical Analysis ==
Volatility can be used in various manners to measure market activity. Traders use measures of options volatility to make decisions about changes in market direction. For example, a rise in the implied volatility of options of strike prices below an underlying security's price (also known as "downside puts"), this may indicate a heightened concern of an impending decline in the security's price. 
== VIX ==
The VIX is a volatility index developed by the Chicago Board Options Exchange in 1993 to measure investor sentiment and market volatility. It is often referred to as a "fear guage," because it tends to move inversely with the direction of the stock market. 
The CBOE lists futures and options on the VIX.
== Resources ==
*Ways To Turn Volatility Into Opportunity, FT.com, July 23, 2008
== References ==
Category:Market Terms
Category:Definitions
Category:Technical Analysis
Volfefe Index

JPMorgan Chase & Co. created an index in September of 2019 to quantify the growing effects of President Trump's tweets on U.S. bond yields. JPMorgan introduced its “Volfefe Index,” named after Trump’s May 2017 tweet that used the puzzling word "covfefe," (presumably a typo) after its U.S. interest rate derivatives strategy team, headed by Munier Salem, found that the president's remarks were playing "a statistically significant role in elevating implied volatility." The index is intended to gauge how Trump tweets have influenced mores in implied rate volatility for two-year and five-year Treasury notes.
The analysts found that the market-moving Trump tweets that included words such as “China,” “billion,” “products,” “Democrats” and “great” were most likely to affect prices. Their model found that out of about 4,000 tweets during trading hours over the past year, only about 146 of have been market-moving.
== References ==
Volkart Brothers

Volkart Brothers is a trading house that was created with a focus on commodities.
The firm was founded in 1851 at Winterthur, Switzerland, and. Bombay, India, by the brothers Salomon Volkart and J.G. Volkart. The intention of the brothers was to establish direct commercial relations between India and the continent of Europe. At the outset the firms business was confined to the import of raw cotton and the export of manufactured goods to the Indies. On Oct. 1, 1857, a branch office was opened at Colombo. Its business activity was involved with the export of coconut oil, coffee, cinnamon, cotton and pearls.This was later extended to all forms of Ceylon produce and a large agency business for shipping and insurance. They established two oil mills.
== History ==
In June of 1989, it was announced that Erb-Group had reached an agreement with Volkart to take over its worldwide coffee trading activities, including foreign subsidiaries.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Salomon Volkart
*J.G. Volkart
== References ==
Category:Trade Houses