Acide fumarique

==﻿Nom de la substance==
Acide fumarique
==Famille moléculaire==
Acide alcool (conservateur autorisé, E297)
* stéréo-isomère (isomère trans) de l'acide maléique, différent de l'acide malique)
==Source végétale==
* Présent dans la plupart des fruits et légumes
==Propriétés==
* Rôle métabolique (il fait partie de la voie métabolique de chaque cellule vivante)
* Immunomodulant Zhu, K., & Mrowietz, U. (2001). Inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation by fumaric acid esters. Journal of investigative dermatology, 116(2), 203-208.
* Neuroprotecteur, des esters de l'acide fumarique exercent une action neuroprotectrice utilisable dans la sclérose en plaques Linker RA, Lee DH, Ryan S, van Dam AM, Conrad R, Bista P, Zeng W, Hronowsky X, Buko A, Chollate S, Ellrichmann G, Brück W, Dawson K, Goelz S, Wiese S, Scannevin RH, Lukashev M, Gold R. Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Brain. 2011 Mar;134(Pt 3):678-92. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq386. PMID 21354971., Lee DH, Gold R, Linker RA. Mechanisms of oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic modulation via fumaric acid esters. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):11783-803. doi: 10.3390/ijms130911783. PMID 23109883
==Effet thérapeutique==
* Des dérivés sont utilisés dans le traitement du psoriasis Yazdi, M. R., & Mrowietz, U. (2008). Fumaric acid esters. Clinics in dermatology, 26(5), 522-526, Nieboer, C., De Hoop, D., Van Loenen, A. C., Langendijk, P. N. J., & Van Dijk, E. (1989). Systemic therapy with fumaric acid derivates: new possibilities in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 20(4), 601-608., Altmeyer, P. J., Matthes, U., Pawlak, F., Hoffmann, K., Frosch, P. J., Ruppert, P., ... & Lutz, G. (1994). Antipsoriatic effect of fumaric acid derivatives. Results of a multicenter double-blind study in 100 patients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 30(6), 977-981., Werdenberg, D., Joshi, R., Wolffram, S., Merkle, H. P., & Langguth, P. (2003). Presystemic metabolism and intestinal absorption of antipsoriatic fumaric acid esters. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 24(6), 259-273., PARTICIPANTS IN THE GERMAN MULTICENTRE STUDY. (1998). Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: results of a prospective multicentre study. British Journal of Dermatology, 138(3), 456-460., Mrowietz, U., Christophers, E., & Altmeyer, P. (1999). Treatment of severe psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: scientific background and guidelines for therapeutic use. British Journal of Dermatology, 141(3), 424-429., Nieboer, C., De Hoop, D., Langendijk, P. N. J., Van Loenen, A. C., & Gubbels, J. (1990). Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: a double-blind comparison between fumaric acid compound therapy and monotherapy with dimethylfumaric acid ester. Dermatology, 181(1), 33-37., Mrowietz, U., Altmeyer, P., Bieber, T., Rocken, M., Schopf, R. E., & Sterry, W. (2007). Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters (Fumaderm). JDDG-JOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT-, 5(8), 716.
* Potentialités dans la maladie de Huntington Ellrichmann, G., Petrasch-Parwez, E., Lee, D. H., Reick, C., Arning, L., Saft, C., ... & Linker, R. A. (2011). Efficacy of fumaric acid esters in the R6/2 and YAC128 models of Huntington's disease. PloS one, 6(1), e16172. et l'encéphalite autoimmune Schilling, S., Goelz, S., Linker, R., Luehder, F., & Gold, R. (2006). Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 145(1), 101-107
==Effets indésirables==
* Très bonne tolérance à long terme Reich, K., Thaci, D., Mrowietz, U., Kamps, A., Neureither, M., & Luger, T. (2009). Efficacy and safety of fumaric acid esters in the long‐term treatment of psoriasis–a retrospective study (FUTURE). JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 7(7), 603-610., Hoefnagel, J. J., Thio, H. B., Willemze, R., & Bouwes Bavinck, J. N. (2003). Long‐term safety aspects of systemic therapy with fumaric acid esters in severe psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 149(2), 363-369., Ermis, U., Weis, J., & Schulz, J. B. (2013). PML in a patient treated with fumaric acid. The New England journal of medicine, 368(17), 1657-1658.
==Bibliographie==
Catégorie:principes actifs