nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
The Crypto Facilities Group

The Crypto Facilities Group is a group of companies owned by Payward Inc., the owner of Kraken. 
== Index calculations ==
Crypto Facilities administers and calculates the bitcoin and Ether price indexes for a number of financial institutions, including the CME Group. CME Group announced on May 2, 2016, that it would include bitcoin prices from ItBit trading in its daily Bitcoin Reference Rate as well as its Real Time Index. In a notice on its website on July 5, 2019, CME Group said that it was including itBit's Ether prices in the indexes calculated by Crypto Facilities.
== Kraken Futures == 
In what Kraken said was a purchase for "nine figures" on February 4, 2019, the company acquired U.K.-based Crypto Facilities. Crypto Facilities offers trading in cryptocurrency pairs as well as leveraged contracts, which it characterizes as "futures." Crypto Facilities also provides data and index services to the CME Group, Inc. in connection with the CME's bitcoin futures contract and its Ether index. In an indication that the deal had been underway for some time, Powell told Fortune that the companies had already integrated their back-end operations of Crypto Facilities allowing customers of both companies to trade on a single platform. The transaction was approved by the Crypto Facilities' regulator, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Powell also said that the purchase had been funded from Kraken's own resources.
Following the acquisition, Kraken renamed the business "Kraken Futures." Kraken announced on March 25, 2019 that customers of its platform would be able to engage in both spot and futures trading. It also said Kraken users will be able to trade these contracts leveraged up to 50x, giving them the ability to profit in both bull and bear markets. 
Kraken Futures is not available to U.S. residents.
According to Kevin Beardsley, head of business development at Kraken Futures, the platform provides its traders with rebates of 30 percent of the fees it collects.
In a November 2019-dated blog post, Kraken announced that it was launching futures market development efforts in Russia including hiring Aleksey Bragin as a representative in the country.
In March 2019, Crypto Facilities told Cointelegraph that its trading volumes increased by 500 percent after being acquired by Kraken. 
Crypto Facilities received a license from the U.K. FCA on July 6, 2020 to operate Kraken Futures as a multilateral trading facility (MTF), letting the platform attract trading from businesses whose own rules restrict them to trading on regulated entities. Despite the U.K.'s January 2020 exit from the E.U., the platform's registration is valid throughout the E.U. at least until the end of the year. Crypto Facilities is the first cryptocurrency trading platform to receive a MTF license in the U.K. or E.U.
 
==References==
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki
The Dow Corporation

The Dow Corporation is a risk management company focused on the energy industry. It provides professional execution and support services for the futures and options markets. 
As an independent Introducing Broker, it provides clearing of regulated futures and options contracts for its clients, through clearing arrangements with J.P. Morgan Futures Inc., RJ O’Brien, Royal Bank of Canada, and MF Global Inc. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
The Dow Corporation publishes The Dow Market Letter, a daily newsletter that gives traders specific recommendations on the markets.
== Key People ==
*Rodney W. Dow, President and Founder
== References ==
Category:Risk Management
The Economist

__NOTOC__
The Economist, which recently celebrated its 150th year, is one of the world's fastest-growing weekly news magazines and has circulation of over 1.3 million worldwide. The magazine's revenue, profit and readership have all increased substantially in recent years despite challenging times for the publishing sector.
== History ==
The Economist was launched in 1843 by Scottish free-trader James Wilson in opposition to Britain's protectionist Corn Laws. It was later edited from 1861 to 1877 - when circulation stood at 3,700 - by the famous English political and constitutional writer Walter Bagehot. The magazine has since built its credentials as a global-looking, economically liberal but politically independent publication that has lifted its circulation from 100,000 in 1970 to over 1 million currently (80 percent of it outside its native U.K.). The magazine has throughout its history maintained an unwavering stance for free trade.
The Economist continued its strong performance in 2007, boosting its circulation nine percent to 1,306,939 for the year ended March 31, 2008 and also lifted print advertising revenue in its American market 16 percent over the period. The Economist Group grew revenue eight percent to £266.4m and operating profit up 23% to £44.3m 
== Key People ==
 Andrew Rashbass was named chief executive officer of The Economist Group in April 2008, succeeding the departing Helen Alexander. Rashbass joined The Economist Group in 1997 as chief information officer and later became managing director of Economist.com. Prior to taking the top job Rashbass spent three years as the magazine's publisher and managing director, where he distinguished himself as a strong believer in print media and has derided efforts by technology companies such as Microsoft to 'engage' consumers with the electronic variety. Before joining The Economist Group Rashbass was applications services director with British newspaper publisher Associated Newspapers Ltd. During the 11-year tenure of Rashbass's predecesor, Alexander, circulation at The Economist rose from 264,000 to 1.3 million, while over the past five years The Economist Group's operating profit has grown 75 percent.
== Latest news ==
The Economist recently achieved a remarkable publishing-industry milestone when it topped Advertising Week magazine's annual Hot List for 2007, judged on several factors including its advertising revenue increase of 24 percent during the year. The Economist beat out more lifestyle-focused publications including Real Simple, Harper's Bazaar, More and Vogue for the Hot List win and it also won AdWeek's 2007 Executive Team of the Year award.
== References ==
The Financial Futures Association of Japan

The Financial Futures Association of Japan (FFAJ) was established in August 1989 by the authorization of Japan's Minister of Finance pursuant to the Financial Futures Trading Law promulgated in 1988. FFAJ's primary objective is to ensure the protection of investors and the sound growth of the financial futures industry in Japan through proper business management of financial futures firms.
As of June 2016 FFAJ had a total membership of 147 organizations (141 Membership and 6 Special Membership).
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
The association provides guidance on industry-wide self regulation, settlement of claims and grievances, mediation services to settle disputes, industry research and planning, and public relations and training.
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Makoto Hosomi, Senior Managing Director
== References ==
The First National Bank of Boston

The First National Bank of Boston was a commercial bank with branch and representative offices in the United States and abroad. It was the principal subsidiary of the Bank of Boston Corp.
In 1995, the Bank of Boston merged with BayBank, changing its name to BankBoston, In 1999 that firm merged with investment bank Fleet Financial Group. The new company, renamed FleetBoston acquired Summit Bank in New Jersey in 2000.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Banks
Category:FleetBoston
The Frank Russell Company

The Frank Russell Company, founded in 1936 in Tacoma, Washington as a brokerage firm, is today a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange ("LSEG").
LSEG acquired the firm in 2014 from Northwestern Mutual Insurance, but later sold off its investment division as Russell Investments to TA Associates in 2015. LSEG retained the index portion of the firm, which it merged with FTSE to form FTSE Russell.
== History ==
The Frank Russell company was founded by Frank Russell in 1936 as a brokerage firm in Tacoma, Washington. 
In 1958, Frank Russell brought his grandson, George Russell, into the firm after George had graduated from Harvard Business School. However, just a few months later, Frank Russell passed away and left George and one assistant to run the company.
As the second CEO, George grew the company and built up its money management business.
Then in 1969, George expanded the firm into institutional investment consulting, pitching the plan to JC Penney.
Northwest Mutual bought the Frank Russell Company in 1999 and renamed it Russell Investments, though keeping the Frank Russell Company name too. 
The London Stock Exchange Group bought Russell Investments in 2014 and then sold the asset management arm of the company, giving up the name Russell Investments, and kept the name Frank Russell Company, which is the index part of the business, later merging it with FTSE in 2015.
Frank Russell Company expanded internationally in 1979 when they hired Jan Twardowski to open a London office. in 1986, they would open new offices in Tokyo and Sydney.
The company in 1980 began to manage money directly for institutions rather than just providing advice.
It was in 1984 that the research team at the firm created the Russell indexes, which are benchmarks used today more than all other institutional indexes combined.
The firm expanded its offering in 1990 after the fall of the Berlin wall, as George Russell founded 20-20 to connect with countries in need of capital with influential money managers and financial experts.
George Russell was replaced as CEO in 1993 by Mike Phillips, who became only the third CEO of the company since it was formed in 1936. Phillips served until 2003 as CEO and as chairman from 2002 to 2008.
Craig Ueland, who was appointed president in July 2003, became the fourth CEO in January of 2004.
== Key People ==
*Frank Russell - Founder
*George Russell - Second CEO
*Mike Phillips - Second CEO of Frank Russell Company
*Kelly Haughton - Former Executive
== References ==
Category:London Stock Exchange Group
Category:Russell Investments
Category:Mutual Fund Companies
The Frazier Associates

The Frazier Associates is an Introducing Broker formed in 1993 by Jill Murphy, John Lothian and Patrick O'Donnell following the collapse of a firm owned by the late John H. (Bud) Frazier, Jr. in the summer of 1992.
Lothian left the firm in 1997 to join The Price Futures Group, Inc.
==Registrations==
*NFA
*Jill Marie Murphy
== References ==
Category:Brokerage Firms
Category:Introducing Brokers
The Gerald Group

Founded in 1962 as Gerald Metals in New York, Gerald Group is one of the oldest and largest independent and employee-owned pure metals trading houses. Gerald Group was founded by the eponymous Gerald Lennard.
Over the last 60+ years, Gerald Group has been engaged in the physical merchanting, development, trade and structured financing of commodities and commodity linked assets. It has gross revenues of approximately US$10 Billion, as well as a global platform that serves the commodity industry focusing purely on metals. The group’s trading businesses include aluminium, copper, iron ore, precious metals, tin and cobalt, as well as related concentrates and raw materials.
Gerald Group is led by Craig Dean, executive chairman and chief executive officer. 
Gerald moved its headquarters to London in 2018. The Group operates trading hubs in Stamford, Shanghai and Morges.
 
In April 2023, Gerald Group published its inaugural Sustainability Report 2022.
== FCM History ==
The Gerald Group owned a futures commission merchant, Gerald, Inc., with operations in Chicago and New York. Gerald Inc. was a clearing firm and member of the Chicago Board of Trade, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, NYMEX and the exchange that later became the New York Board of Trade.
The futures brokerage operations, Gerald Inc., were sold to one of its customers in 1992 and renamed Rand Financial. The new firm was a subsidiary of Trout Trading Fund, the then $660 million commodity pool based in Bermuda and operated by the elusive Monroe Trout.
== References ==
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
Category:Metals
The Glass Hammer

The Glass Hammer is an online community designed for women executives in financial services, law and business.
The Glass Hammer seeks to inform, inspire, and empower women via original content and insights on the day’s business news, career development and downtime pursuits.
The association's interactive format allows for networking and the sharing of ideas with the aim of helping women to find mentors, clients and friends by using the association. 
The Glass Hammer was named "Blog of the Year" in 2008 by the Stevie Awards for Women in Business. 
The association works with employers to showcase jobs on a weekly basis, including senior jobs and returner opportunities. Featured employers include ABN Amro, Bank of America, BlackRock, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, Pimco, RBS, SSBA and UBS. The Glass Hammer is sponsored by Goldman Sachs and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
The Helios Group

The Helios Group was an independent options trading firm, specializing in market making strategies primarily for electronic exchange-traded derivative products. It was announced in November of 2000 that it would be acquired by The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.
Terms of the purchase, which required regulatory approval, were undisclosed. 
Helios employed more than 100 traders, technology professionals and support staff. Helios actively traded futures and options on individual equities, equity indices and fixed income instruments on 11 different exchanges from its offices in Chicago, London and Amsterdam.
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Acquired Companies
The Hightower Report

The Hightower Report is a stocks and commodities forecast service that uses both fundamental and technical analysis. Its co-creator, analyst and trader David Hightower, is a former principal with a commodity trading advisor (CTA).
 
The Hightower Report features trade strategies designed to help capture the market's potential while protecting against an unexpected turn.The Hightower Report produces research reports daily via proprietary quote systems, fax, e-mail and in 2004 launched its Research Center Web site.
The Research Center provides daily market forecasts, including pre-opening, mid-day, and after-market reports, along with trading ideas utilizing both futures and options.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Newsletters
The NASDAQ Options Market

Nasdaq OMX offers two options trading venues, NASDAQ OMX PHLX, formed when it acquired the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and The Nasdaq Options Market (NOM), which it built. The Nasdaq Options Market offers electronic trading and a price/time priority model.
It also offers low-latency trading, routing to other exchanges, price improvement, and reserve and minimum acceptable quantity (MAQ) orders, as well as Depth of Market and Best of NASDAQ Options proprietary data feeds. 
== History ==
Nasdaq was motivated to start an options market partly by the announcement of the SEC's penny pilot program, which promised to create opportunities for new entrants into the options sphere. It acquired the technology it needed to build an options exchange when it bought the ECN Instinet in 2005. 
The NASDAQ Options Market received approval from the SEC in March of 2008.
It launched on March 31, 2008. Initial products were options on QQQQ and AMAT. 
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Options Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ OMX
The New York Block Exchange

The New York Block Exchange (NYBX) is a 50/50 joint venture between NYSE Euronext and BIDS Trading to re-aggregate block trading liquidity. The Securities and Exchange Commission approved the venture on January 26, 2009 and it launched on January 29, 2009 as a facility of the NYSE. NYSE filed with the SEC on Feb. 8, 2013 to cease operating NYBX due to lack of volume. 
The partnership with NYSE Euronext was intended to provide liquidity to a wider pool of participants and thus address the problem of fragmentation in the block trading environment. NYSE and BIDS envisioned the New York Block Exchange supporting institutions that wanted to move 10,000 or more shares at a time anonymously by enabling trades to happen at a broader range of potential prices. 
NYBX is open to all NYSE members and is also accessible through BIDS Trading, a registered alternative trading system (ATS), which became an NYSE member. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Tim Mahoney
== References ==
Category:Block Trading
Category:NYSE
The Nordic Exchange

This exchange is owned by OMX.
== History ==
== Products ==
* Nordic Exchange Danish OMXC20 Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange Icelandic OMXI15 Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange Norwegian OBX Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange FTSE Russian IOB Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange Swedish OMXS30 Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange Swedish OMXSB Index Futures
* Nordic Exchange VINX30 Futures
* Nordic Exchange OMXB10 Futures
* Nordic Exchange Icelandic CPI Futures
== References ==
== External links ==
*http://omxgroup.com/nordicexchange
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:European Exchanges
The Open Outcry Traders History Project

The Open Outcry Traders History Project is a collaborative initiative undertaken by John Lothian News under its MarketsWiki Education brand. This project is dedicated to preserving and documenting the rich history and culture of open outcry trading in financial markets around the world.
== Background ==
The Open Outcry Traders History Project was conceived by Thomas F. Cashman as a video project for John Lothian News to capture the history of the traders at the Chicago Board of Trade and other exchanges as floor trading and floor traders were disappearing. Cashman was inspired by the Veteran History Project, signed into law by President William Clinton, to capture the personal stories of veterans of World War II, Korea and Vietnam for eternity at the Smithsonian Museum.
With the rapid adoption of electronic trading, the traditional open outcry method of trading, where traders would conduct transactions face-to-face on the trading floor, was disappearing. Recognizing the importance of preserving the stories, experiences, and knowledge of open outcry traders, John Lothian News initiated this project.
===Fundraising===
To support MarketsWiki Education's efforts to preserve industry history through The Open Outcry Traders History Project and The Path to Electronic Trading video series, John Lothian News has a GoFundMe campaign to raise $300,000. In 2021, Trading Technologies pledged $20,000 in matching funds to the campaign, which were successfully matched.
== Objectives ==
The primary objectives of the Open Outcry Traders History Project are to capture the personal stories, experiences and histories of traders from all over the world who participated in open outcry markets. By preserving this oral history, it ensures that the traditions and knowledge of this trading method are not lost to future generations.
The project seeks to educate individuals, especially those new to the financial industry, about the history and significance of open outcry trading. It serves as a valuable resource for students, academics, and anyone interested in understanding the evolution of financial markets.
== Initiatives ==
The Open Outcry Traders History Project undertakes several key initiatives to achieve its objectives:
The project conducts in-depth interviews with former open outcry traders, capturing their personal experiences, insights, and anecdotes. These interviews are recorded and made available for public access. These interviews are presented as both of videos and podcasts.
A dedicated website serves as a central hub for accessing the project's materials, including interviews, videos, articles, and educational content.
== Future Directions ==
The Open Outcry Traders History Project continues to expand its collection of interviews, documents, and other materials related to open outcry trading. The videos and content may be used in futures documentaries produced by John Lothian News.
== References ==
Category:John Lothian News
Category:MarketsWiki Education
Category:Open Outcry
The Options Insider.com

TheOptionsInsider.com is a web site devoted to the options industry. It was founded and is run by Mark Longo, a journalist based in Chicago.
== History ==
The Options Insider.com was founded by Mark S. Longo, an options trader and former member of the Chicago Board Options Exchange. In addition to Mr. Longo, The Options Insider.com also offers the combined experience of a large network of industry insiders. The web site's content is provided exclusively by options traders, brokers, market makers and others with a thorough understanding of this marketplace.
== Products and Services ==
The Comment Letter is a free subscription newsletter with commentary on the industry written by Mark Longo. Subscription is available on TheOptionsInsider.com's web site.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Newsletters
Category:Option Websites