Naturopathy

Naturopathy, or naturopathic medicine, is a field of practice in healing and maintaining health wherein practitioners use various "natural" remedies to treat their patients. The main idea behind naturopathy is that it supposedly helps the body's own self-healing process; this is based on the pre- and pseudo-scientific theory of vitalism, according to which the body has some sort of "energy" that is necessary for one's health. Naturopathic medicine disfavours surgery and drugs, preferring more friendly and fuzzy treatments like herbal medicine or outright woo such as "natural energy fields". Unlike medical or osteopathic doctors (M.D. and D.O, respectively), naturopathic doctors (N.D.) are not universally regulated,Legislative Guide by Britt Hermes (28 January 2015; Latest updates: 7 Jan 2018) Naturopathic Diaries. so on this page the term naturopath is used for both licensed and unlicensed practitioners of naturopathy.
Naturopathy doesn't have any real standards; what therapies one can expect from naturopathic care can vary wildly from practitioner to practitioner,"The practices we encountered in our survey of the occupation ranged from the generally supportable to the improbable to the disproved. The list includes: […] Some naturopaths we interviewed laughed at certain items in the list but embraced others that had even less credibility." Naturopathy: A Critical Analysis, Barry L. Beyerstein, PhD, Susan Downie, Quackwatch. and are very often contradictory. Some naturopaths, like nutritionists, may give quite good advice ("eat fruits and vegetables"), mixed with concepts that have no basis in reality, such as homeopathy, Reiki, unproven supplements, or whatever fad diet they happen to believe in. (The practice of naturopaths themselves selling their patients supplements is widespread and in fact encouraged by naturopathic organizations.Your Questions Answered, Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges. No conflict of interest there at all.)
Naturopaths also very frequently claim to be holistic, meaning that they listen to their patients and sympathize with them, rather than just coldly treating them without any regard for their feelings. They "focus on the patient, not the disease". Which is actually pretty accurate, given that more often than not the "treatments" have no effect on the disease anyway.
==History==
===Benedict Lust===
Naturopathy claims ancient roots based on the Hippocrates quote, ("the healing power of nature"),Canadian Association of Naturopathic Doctors: History of Naturopathic Medicine but in reality it was cobbled together by a German immigrant to the United States named Benedict Lust. Lust used "Dr." before his name and claimed to have a degree from the New York Homeopathic Medical College in 1901 and a degree in osteopathy in 1902 from the Universal College of Osteopathy in New York,Collected Works of Benedict Lust ND, Founder of Naturopathic Medicine (2006) Healing Mountain Publishing. ISBN 1-933350-04-0. but there was no evidence that he was licensed for anything in the state of New York and he was convicted there of practicing medicine without a licence.Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults, with Essays on Various Other Peculiar Notions in the Health Field by Morris Fishbein (1932) Blue Ribbon Books, 382 pp. Lust was aware of the German movement that had begun in the 1870s (he had translated one of the movement's books in 1903Return To Nature! The True Natural Method of Healing And Living and the True Salvation of the Soul by Adolf Just, translated by Benedict Lust (1903) B. Lust.) and the movement was undoubtedly an inspiration for his own writings.
The term "naturopathy" was coined by Lust's colleague, John Scheel, in 1900. Lust popularized the term through his publications, by opening the first naturopathic school (the American School of Naturopathy in New York City), and from the establishment of health resorts known as "Yungborn" in Butler, New Jersey and Tangerine, Florida.
Lust credited several men who preceded him for the development of naturopathy, including Sebastian Kneipp (popularizer of the Water Cure), Friedrich Eduard Bilz (who wrote the book Das Neue NaturheilverfahrenDas neue Naturheilverfahren: Lehrbuch der naturgemässen Heilweise und Gesundheitspflege by Friedrich Eduard Bilz (1888) F.E. Bilz. (translated as The Natural Method of Healing in 1898The Natural Method of Healing by Friedrich Eduard Bilz (1898) F.E. Bilz.), and Louis Kuhne (see below).Universal Naturopathic Encyclopedia, Directory and Buyers' Guide: Year Book of Drugless Therapy for 1918-19 by Benedict Lust (editor and publisher).
By 1918, Lust included the following fields of treatment quackery within naturopathy in his book Universal Naturopathic Encyclopedia: electro-medicine, radiology, ozone therapy, magnetic field therapy, light therapy, vibration therapy, milk diet, chiropractic, raw foodism ("apyrtrophy"), fasting, hydrotherapy ("The Water Cure"), "astroscopy" (astrological medicine), phrenology, Christian science, iridology, diagnosis by facial expression, and "chromopathy" (color therapy). The main ideas during the Lust-era of naturopathy (roughly 1900 to 1945) were all-inclusiveness — all natural "cures" were of value and to be included under the umbrella of naturopathy, and "drugless healing" in the form of strong opposition to the medical establishment.
Lust's views on what is and is not naturopathy leads to irony both during and after the Lust era, when:
# Radiation therapy was promoted (natural, though ostensibly a drug) for use by non-physicians despite it being well-known (even before 1917 and even by its naturopathic advocates) that radiation caused cancer.Principles of electro-medicine, electrosurgery and radiology: A practical treatise for students and practitioners. With chapters on mechanical vibration and blood pressure technique by Anthony Matijaca (1917). Butler, NJ: Dr. Benedict Lust
# Some modern naturopaths prescribe synthetic pharmaceuticals, including Benadryl,What naturopaths say to each other when they think no one’s listening, Science-Based Medicine, David Gorski. Includes examples of naturopaths using things like Benadryl and hydrochloric acid. hydrocodone,AzNMA Scores Two Legislative Victories The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians oxycodone, anabolic steroids, Proscar, Finasteride and Propecia, Clomiphene, Phetermine, DHEA-7 Keto, SSRIs, Phentermine, Adderol, and Fentanyl.Disciplinary Action: Naturopathic Physicians Medical Board Arizona Naturopathic Physicians Medical Board (archived from September 10, 2015). As of 2013, Arizona naturopaths were allowed to prescribe morphine (Schedule II) as well as all Schedule III, IV and V drugs.Prescriptive Authority of Health Professionals in Arizona Arizona State Board of Pharmacy (archived from December 23, 2016). These prescriptions would be antithetical to Lust's view of naturopathy.
===Louis Kuhne===
The 1918 Universal Naturopathic Encyclopedia also includes within it a posthumously published book by Louis Kuhne titled, The New Science of Healing or The Doctrine of the Unity of Diseases (pages 223-488). The book contains some remarkable cures treatments that amount to a combination of vitalism, germ theory denialism and antivax. For measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox, whooping cough, scrofula (lymphadenopathy), rheumatism, gout, and sciatica, the treatment consists of combinations of friction sitz-baths, cold baths and steam baths. Other ailments that Kuhne claimed could be treated include: cold extremities, hot head, nervous and mental diseases, lung inflammation, tuberculosis, pleurisy, lupus, venereal diseases, bladder and kidney disease, diabetes, uremia, bed wetting, liver disease, gall stones, intestinal diseases, heart disease, dropsy (edema), spinal cord diseases, hemorrhoids, chlorosis (anemia), epilepsy, anemia, epilepsy, agoraphobia, eye and ear diseases, dental diseases, head colds, influenza, throat diseases and goiter, headache and migraine, brain inflammation, typhus, dysentery, cholera, diarrhea, tropical fevers, malaria, yellow fever, leprosy, scabies, worms and parasites, hernia, cancer, wounds, and "diseases of women". The total lack of understanding of disease causes and treatment by Kuhne would seem to be evident simply by his placement of wildly unrelated diseases within the same chapter (e.g., "Epileptic Fits. Agoraphobia", p. 366).
===Other founders===
*Vincenz Priessnitz was a German peasant farmer. He created the Water Cure, and with Johann Schroth created the "Nature Cure".Everybody's Guide to Nature Cure by Harry Benjamin (1941) Health for All Publishing. p. 5.
*Johann Schroth was a haulage contractor. He promoted an austere diet and fasting, cold compresses, and steam baths.Cure branches: The Schroth-Cure (18.07.2011) Bad Fallingbostel (archived from July 18, 2011).
*Sebastian Kneipp was a German Catholic priest who promoted the Water Cure, sometimes known as the Kneipp Cure. The cure was part of Kneipp's five principles of water, plants (herbal medicine), exercise, nutrition and balance.Kneipp's Five Pillars Kneipp USA (archived from September 3, 2018).
*Emanuel Felke was a Protestant priest from Prussia. He advocated iridology and the "Felke Cure", which consisted of sitz-bath, light-and-air bath (nudity), clay bath and sleeping on the bare ground overnight.Light, air, water Hevert Arzneimittel (archived from August 16, 2018).
*Henry Lindlahr graduated from National Medical University, a "low-grade medical college" which is no longer extant. Lindlahr promoted quackery in the form of "strange diets, airbaths, water cures, light treatments, chiropractic, osteopathy, homeopathy, herbals, [and] psychoanalysis". Lindlahr was the author of Nature Cure, a foundational text of Naturopathy.Nature Cure: Philosophy and Practice Based on the United of Disease and Cure by Henry Lindlahr (1914) Nature Cure Publishing Co.
===Early debunking===
By 1932, Morris Fishbein had recorded an A-to-Z of quackery that fell within the naturopathy umbrella. Fishbein was an M.D. and was editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association from 1924-1949.Dr. Morris Fishbein Dead at 87; Former Editor of A.M.A. Journal by Robert McG. Thomas Jr. (Sept 28, 1976) The New York Times (archived from July 14, 2017). The quack treatments that he documented have since mostly fallen into obscurity:
==Definition==
As has been noted, naturopathy doesn't really entail anything very specific, and practitioners can run the gamut from slightly dubious lifestyle counselors to completely crazy germ theory denialists.Germ theory denialism: A major strain in "alt-med" thought by David Gorski (August 9 2010) Science-Based Medicine.The New Biology – The Science of Dr. Rob by Robert O. Young (09/29/2015) pHorever Young (archived from September 30, 2015). Nevertheless, there are some positions which can be considered to be quite common among naturopaths as a whole. There is the appeal to nature, which is ubiquitous (although, as "natural" is a pretty vague term, the conception of which therapies are natural or not can vary depending on the practitioner)Natural versus "natural" in CAMworld, by David Gorski (January 19, 2009) Science-Based Medicine.Sh*t Naturopaths Say by Orac (October 8, 2014) ScienceBlogs.; a distrust of vaccines and other "synthetic" products; use of herbs and vitamins; a tendency to prefer exotic, Eastern medicine (the more expensive and obscure, the better!) such as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); and the belief that our bodies are full of toxins like lead and mercury, which need to be purged by means of detoxing or chelation therapy. Ironically, Ayurveda and TCM actually consider mercury, lead, arsenic, and asbestos to be legitimate medical remedies, even as naturopaths wholeheartedly recommend these systems of "medicine". In addition, the American Textbook of Natural Medicine lists Unani (in addition to Ayurveda and TCM) as an acceptable form of naturopathic treatment,Naturopathy Embraces the Four Humors by Jann Bellamy (December 27, 2012) Science-Based Medicine. even though bloodletting and leeching are integral parts of it (even more so than in Ayurveda and TCM).
Quite a few naturopaths seem to have no problem prescribing pharmaceuticals or synthesized supplements, despite the anti-Big Pharma rhetoric of many. Chelation drugs, Benadryl®, colchicine, and various other pharmaceuticals are prescribed by naturopaths on a regular basis.Naturopathic News: Paging Dr. Alternative: State pushing naturopaths to fill shortage in primary care by Peter Korn (Apr 1, 2010, Updated May 7, 2010) The Portland Tribune via Naturopathic Family Medicine (archived from April 10 2016). It seems each individual naturopath just arbitrarily mixes and matches "synthetic" and "natural" treatments with no real rhyme or reason, depending on what "feels right". What is a toxic synthetic pharmaceutical for one naturopath may be a perfectly acceptable naturopathic treatment for another. To give just one of many examples, some blast Botox (which, incidentally, is completely natural) as being a horrible poison,Botox and Fillers: The Case Against The Natural Recovery Plan (archived from 22 Nov 2015 20:53:30 UTC).Anti-Aging Stone Tree Clinic (archived from March 3, 2013).9 Tips your Naturopath wants you to know about flawless skin. Tip 5: "My advice would be to avoid Botox as it is the most deadliest poison for the skin." while others use it quite happily.Botox 'Salveo: Naturopathic & Skin Care (archived from August 15, 2018).Naturopathic Botox Support The Wright Doctor (archived from August 12, 2018).
==Principles==
The principles of modern naturopathy according to the Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges are:The 6 Principles: Naturopathic medicine celebrates the healing power of nature. Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges.
These may sound like common sense, but because they are not evidence-based, there is little understanding by naturopaths about what is less harmful or what is more effective. Why, for example do naturopaths eschew vaccines for their invasiveness (generally very safe and effective), but recommend invasive colonics (ineffective and potentially dangerous)? Why are vaccines considered to be unnatural by naturopaths (originally performed with cowpox and a simple lanceEdward Jenner and the Smallpox Vaccine by Leonard Norkin (September 16, 2014).) but colonics are considered to be natural (which use plastic tubing and modern plumbing)?
==Modern treatments==
There is no single list of what constitutes naturopathic treatment, but common treatments are covered at accredited naturopathic universities. The list of treatments has changed substantially from the olden days, perhaps because evidence-based medicine is not used there is no clear pathway between evolving treatments as there is in Western medicine. Common diagnostics and treatments include:Courses Bastyr University.Naturopathy Victoria State Government.Naturopathy National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.Practice patterns of naturopathic physicians: results from a random survey of licensed practitioners in two US States by Heather S. Boon et al. (2004) BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 4:14. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-4-14.Supported by science?: What Canadian naturopaths advertise to the public by Timothy CaulfieldEmail & Christen Rachul (2011) Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 7:14. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-14.
==Criticism==
==Universities that teach naturopathic medicine==
Bastyr University, which is accredited by the Western Association of Colleges and Schools, offers a Doctorate of Naturopathic Medicine as well as acupuncture and other natural healing degrees. Other accredited universities include — National College of Natural Medicine, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, University of Bridgeport College of Naturopathic Medicine and Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine.Accredited Programs Council for Naturopathic Medical Education Education does include actual science (general biology and chemistry, anatomy/physiology, physics etc.) but these colleges generally reject vaccinations or the use of actual medicine. In many states the use of naturopaths is restricted or illegal. Some unaccredited schools also offer "degrees" in naturopathy, including Clayton College of Natural Health;Clayton College of Natural Health: Be Wary of the School and Its Graduates by Stephen Barrett (January 18, 2015) Quackwatch. the Trinity School of Natural Health, which is "accredited" by an accreditation mill;About Trinity School of Natural HealthTeen's death hastened by practitioner who had bogus diplomas by Christine Willmsen & Michael J. Berens (Originally published November 20, 2007 at 12:00 am Updated March 19, 2016 at 12:58 pm) The Seattle Times. and the Natural Healing Institute, which is also "accredited" by an accreditation mill.Naturopathic Practitioner Natural Healing Institute (NHI) (archived on July 28, 2018).American Association of Drugless Practitioners Commission on Accreditation: Natural Healing Institute of Naturopathy (archived from April 4, 2018).Fake College Accreditation Agencies GetEducated.com (archived from September 25, 2016).
In 1987, the Council for Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) was approved by the US Department of Education as an accreditation agency.Naturopathic Accreditation Agency: Loses Federal Recognition — But Reapproval Seems Likely by Stephen Barrett (June 13, 2003) Quackwatch. In 2001, the approval was withdrawn based on evidence that the CNME "had not responded appropriately to violations of its standards at Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences." CNME approval was apparently restored in 2003.Council for Naturopathic Medical EducationA Close Look at Naturopathy by Stephen Barrett (November 26, 2013) Quackwatch.
In 2001, Arnold S. Relman, Emeritus Professor of Medicine and of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of The New England Journal of Medicine, reviewed the primary textbook on natural medicine, eponymously called Textbook of Natural Medicine, which was then in its second edition.Textbook of Natural Medicine by Arnold S. Relman (January 9, 2001) Quackwatch.Textbook of Natural Medicine edited by Joseph E. Pizzorno & Michael T. Murray (1999). Churchill Livingstone, 2nd ed. ISBN 0443059454. As of 2017, the textbook is in its fourth edition.Textbook of Natural Medicine edited by Joseph E. Pizzorno & Michael T. Murray (1999). Churchill Livingstone, 4th ed. ISBN 1437723330. The textbook has been edited by Joseph E. Pizzorno, Jr. (currently emeritus president of Bastyr University)Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr., ND WebMD and Michael T. Murray (former faculty at Bastyr University and currently on its Board of Regents).About Dr. Murray DoctorMurray.com Relman found serious problems with the textbook, including:
*Treatment of covered health problems are disorganized and deficient. 
*Recommended treatments are often not likely to be effective, while proven medical treatments are often ignored or deficient. This is so even for serious medical conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, syphilis, asthma, tuberculosis, and meningitis.
==Licensing==
As of 2017, several states and territories within of the United States, and every province in Canada, license naturopathic physicians.Regulated States & Regulatory Authorities The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians Legislation is pending in several other states within the US.Regulation of Naturopathic Doctors in the United States The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians Britt Marie Hermes provides a guide to legislation of naturopathy in US states and Canadian provinces. According to Hermes, as of 2015 Arizona has the "broadest naturopathic scope of practice" and "may be the worst-case scenario of any state licensing pseudoscience as medicine."The Wild West: Tales of a Naturopathic Ethical Review Board in Arizona by Britt Hermes (13 April 2015) Naturopathic Diaries. Problems in Arizona include:
*Naturopaths have used dangerous treatments under the guise of pseudo-research with the cover of private naturopathic institutional review boards.Disciplinary Action: Naturopathic Physicians Medical Board (Last Revised 7/18/2014) Naturopathic Physicians Medical Board
*Naturopaths have the ability to write prescriptions for Schedule II drugs, which include opiates and amphetamines.Schedule 2 (II) Drugs Drugs.com
*Naturopaths can perform minor surgery.
*Naturopaths can administer substances intravenously.
There are currently seven colleges and universities that offer a "ND" (Not Doctor Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine) degree in North America.Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges
==Diagnostic practices==
The following is an example of naturopaths trying to make diagnoses based on a case study that was presented at the Institutional Review Board of the International American Naturopathic Clinical Research Institute/Naturopathic Oncology Research Institute/International Naturopathic Clinical Research Institute.Minutes – February 13, 2017 Institutional Review Board of the International American Naturopathic Clinical Research Institute/Naturopathic Oncology Research Institute/International Naturopathic Clinical Research Institute (archived from September 18, 2015).
In real medicine, case studies are intended to have an educational purpose, either for medical students or for fellow-doctors; case studies are used to determine a proper diagnosis, differentiate between possible diagnoses and/or to determine a proper course of treatment.Case Studies with an educational purpose by Julie Solomon (2006) Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 2(8):399. Naturopaths also use case studies, but they often look amateurish; compared to medical case studies, they often lack detail and focus. To compare the case below to an actual medical case study, see for example "Case Study in Del(17p) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia".Case Study in Del(17p) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Physicians' Education Resource (PER)
Note that all the "Dr."s below are actually NMDs (Naturopathic Medial Doctors) — not actual medical doctors.
At the end of this discussion, we still have no idea about what condition the NMDs thought was important to treat. There were no clear explanations on why any of the proposed treatments would be useful. And, there was no consensus on how to treat the patient. One is left to wonder whether each naturopath had their own pet treatment that they always recommended, and just happened to be offered at their own clinic.
==Why do people see naturopaths instead of real doctors?==
According to Hermes, medical doctors have historically struggled with making people feel heard, particularly women and people of color. In contrast the naturopoathic experience tends more towards empathy and learning about how people feel. To overcome this, medical doctors need to have a good bedside manner, to make patients feel like they've been heard and that they have the ability to make choices based on the medical evidence and the tools available to them (e.g. pharmaceuticals or lifestyle changes).Britt Hermes / Science Convert (November 25, 2019 - 08:53) Big Picture Science. Time 11:30 onward.
==How naturopathic medicine can work==
In some cases naturopathic medicine has an effect, because it is an unrefined proto-medicine such as willow bark (unrefined aspirin) or foxglove (unrefined digoxin). In many other cases, it works because of either regression to the mean (people naturally get better sometimes) or the placebo effect. It is known for example that some types of placebos are more effective than others.Placebo: Feeling Better, Getting Better, and the Problems of Mind and Body by John F. Kihlstrom (2008) Mcgill J. Med. 11(2):212-214."The placebo response in pain reduction" by F. J. Evans (1974) Advances in Neurology pp. 289–296.
Expensive placebos are likely to be more effective than inexpensive ones."Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic efficacy" by Rebecca L Waber et al. (2008) JAMA 299(9):1016-7. doi:10.1001/jama.299.9.1016.
So there are several ways that naturopaths are enhancing the placebo effect — counsciously or not — using non-evidence-based but possibly-effective logical fallacies:
*Appeal to ancient wisdom — This treatment has been used since ancient times, so it must work.
*Appeal to nature — Natural medicine is claimed to be better and/or less harmful.
*Argument from authority — That ancient book on herbal medicine says that this works.
*Argumentum ad baculum — That dry needling hurts worse than acupuncture: it must work! That slapping therapy hurts like fuckall: it must work!
*Argumentum ad fastidium — This herbal medicine tastes awful (just like real medicineThe Bad Taste of Medicines: Overview of Basic Research on Bitter Taste by Julie A. Mennella et al. (2013) '"Clin. Ther. 35(8):1225-1246. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.007.), so it must work.
*Sunk cost — This medicine costs a bomb: if it doesn't work I'll be out all that money and still be sick! Some supplements can be marked up an extraordinary 1600%+The supplements you're buying could be marked up 1,600% or more (August 6, 2014) The Health Navigator (archived from June 9, 2019). — particularly galling for something that has an extremely long shelf-life.
Despite being fallacious, these aspects of naturopathy can be effective because the placebo effect is primarily psychological, not physiological.Placebo and Medication Effects in Episodic Migraine by Slavenka Kam-Hansen et al. (2014) Science Translational Medicine 6:218ra5. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006175.The power of the placebo effect: Treating yourself with your mind is possible, but there is more to the placebo effect than positive thinking. (Updated: August 9, 2019; Published: May, 2017) Harvard Men's Health Watch, Harvard Medical School.
==See also==
*Fun:Nina The Naturopath
*Acupuncture
*Treat the cause, not the symptom
*Homeopathy
*Herbalism
*Michael Uzick, an example of a licensed naturopath.
*Joseph Mercola
*Heilpraktiker, the German state-approved profession
==External links==
*Naturopathic Medical Doctors of Arizona, LLC is an example of a naturopathic clinic.
*Naturowatch, the naturopathy-related arm of Quackwatch
*Naturopathic Diaries: Confessions of a Former Naturopath
*What naturopaths say to each other when they think no one’s listening, an article which shows, among other things, that at least some naturopaths have no qualms about treating patients with "chemicals" like hydrochloric acid
*National Council Against Health Fraud: Fact Sheet on Naturopathy
*The deceptive rebranding of aspects of science-based medicine as "alternative" by naturopaths continues apace, Harriet Hall
*Naturopathic Diaries: Confessions of a naturopathic doctor by Britt Marie Hermes. Hermes left naturopathy and as of 2017 was a doctoral candidate in evolutionary biology.
*What's the harm in naturopathy? — 200 people who were harmed by naturopathy
*Read what naturopaths say to one another. Conclusion: manipulative, poorly trained, and a threat to public health by naturowhat (Reddit)
*A Close Look at Naturopathy by Stephen Barrett, Quackwatch
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Herbal medicine
Category:Nature woo
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Side-by-side articles