Qiball (Huang Chao)

Qiball, officially Great Qiball was a short-lived regime proclaimed by rebel leader Huang Chao (黃巢) in Chang'anball during his eponymous rebellion in 881.Ouyang Xiu, et al. New Book of Tang. vol. 225 (2nd half), Biographies 150: "巢齋太清宮，卜日舍含元殿，僭即位，號大齊。"
In 881, at the height of Huang Chao's rebellion, Qiball controlled most of Guanzhong and held nominal control over several counties. Although Qiball was eventually anschlussed back into Tangball in 884, the toll and aftermath of Huang Chao's rebellion was devastating to the already weakened dynastyball (see the An Lushan Rebellion) and cemented Tangball's final decline during the 880's.
==History==
===Background===
Huang Chao was born in Caozhouball, Shandongball. During this period, Tangball was unable to effectively respond to crises such as drought, famine, and banditry. Its government had grown corrupt and thus was unable to alleviate its citizens from excessive taxes. In May of 874, Chao joined in rebellion against Tangball along with rebel leader Wang Xianzhi (王仙芝).
In 877, Huang Chao's forces broke with Wang Xianzhi's forces after diplomacy with Tangball failed.Sima Guang, et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 252: "賊乃分其軍三千餘人從仙芝及尚君長，二千餘人從巣，各分道而去。"
In 878, Huang Chao went South, fell upon Hangzhouball and Fuzhouball in succession, but faced mounting pressure from Tangball and fled further towards Guangzhouball. Huang Chao captured Guangzhouball in 879. Arabic sources claim that under Huang Chao's rule over Guangzhouball, he massacred its foreign population.
Huang Chao attacked North after losing men to disease at Guangzhouball. He found little success against government forces until the middle of 880, when Chao successfully defeated a large contingent of Tangball's forces and approached the Yangtze. In December of 880, Huang Chao captured Luoyangball in spite of fierce resistance from Tangball's generals.Sima Guang, et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 253.
===Establishment===
In 881, Huang Chao captured Chang'anball and established Qiball. Huang Chao altered Tangball's era name from Guangming (廣明) to Jintong (金統), removed any official above the third rank from office, promoted his wife to empress, and ordered the execution of Tangball's clan left in Chang'anball.Sima Guang, et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 254.Ouyang Xiu, et al. New Book of Tang. vol. 225 (2nd half), Biographies 150.
After capturing Chang'anball however, Qiball's expansion stagnated. In 883, Qiball was repulsed from Chang'anball and Tangball restored control over its capital."Huang Chao revolt and Beginning of Collapse of Tang" YouTube, uploaded by Eightfifths, 1 Jun. 2021, https://youtu.be/87x6qAskZRQ.
===Defeat & Abolishment===
After Qiball's armies were expelled from Chang'anball, Huang Chao fled East, gaining the loyalty of Tangball warlord Qin Zongquan (秦宗權) and taking refuge in Caizhouball.Sima Guang, et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 254. In the summer of 884, Qiball came to an end when Huang Chao and his family were executed by his nephew, Li Yan (suicide).Sima Guang, et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 255: "（甲辰，公元八八四年）⋯⋯丙午，巢甥林言斬巢兄弟妻子首⋯⋯秋，七月，壬午，時溥遣使獻黃巢及家人首並姬妾，上御大玄樓受之。"
===Aftermath===
The devastation dealt to Tangball by Huang Chao and other local rebellions of the 880's was immense and irreversible. On top of the havoc, Tangball was once again forced to rely on military governors, jiedushi, to pacify the rebellion. The overreliance on largely independent jiedushi—such as Zhu Wen (朱溫) and Li Keyong (李克用)—promoted another period of warlordism and portended the fall of Tangball, which came to pass in 907 after its last emperor was forced to abdicate to Zhu Wen in a coup d'etat.
==Relationships==
===Enemies===
* Tangball
* Guangzhouball
* Later Liangball (Zhu Wen)
* Later Jinball (Li Keyong)
==How To Draw==
Drawing Qiball (Huang Chao) is very simple.
#Draw a black outline of a circle.
#Fill it Yellow.
#Draw a second white circle inside of the first.
#Add the Chinese character for Qi (齊) inside of the white portion. You may also draw additional characters inside of the white portion to distinguish Qiball (Huang Chao) from other Qiballs in Chinese History.
#Add two slant eyes and you've finished.
#Optional: Draw appropriate hatwear.
==References==
Category:Historical Countryballs
Category:Chinaball
Category:Dynastic Chinaballs
Category:Taoist
Category:Confucianist
Category:Chinese Speaking Countryball
Category:Buddhist
Category:Asia
Category:East Asia
Category:Monarchy
Category:Empire
Category:Short-Lived
Category:Yellow White Black