nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
SHFE Gold

SHFE gold futures trade on the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE). They were approved by the China Securities Regulatory Commission on Sept. 11, 2007 and launched on Jan. 9, 2008. 
Each SHFE gold futures contract represents 1 kilogram of deliverable grade gold, which is defined as domestic gold with fineness not less than 99.95 percent or overseas gold that is regarded by LBMA as good delivery, and its delivery date is set as the 16th to 20th day of the spot month. SHFE gold futures contract also has a delivery restriction that makes individuals ineligible to make or take delivery. 
Each SHFE gold futures contract is subject to a margin rate equivalent to 7 percent of contract value (e.g., 14329 yuan = 204.70 yuan [AU0812 last price on May 23, 2008] x 1000 [grams/contract] x 7 percent) as well as a trading fee equal or below 0.02 percent of transaction value / contract. At the current exchange rate of around 7 yuan / dollar, the margin requirement for one SHFE gold futures contract is around $2,000, almost twice as expensive as the maintenance margin requirement for CME/CBOT Mini-Gold futures.
On the first day of trading, Jan. 9, 2008, SHFE gold futures traded 121,468 contracts, but about two months later, volume has declined to 16,056 contracts on March 7. Thereafter, SHFE gold futures continued to stagnate, in terms of volume, although there was a brief spike in October, and 2008 total volume came to a mere 7,780,934, making it the least active futures contract in China's futures market, except for virtually non-existent DCE No.2 Soybeans futures and ZCE hard white winter wheat futures.
China's commercial banks have long been banned from trading futures, but they have been particularly interested in trading SHFE gold futures and seeking approval from the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC). On April 2, 2009, the Shanghai Futures Exchange admitted four commercial banks - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Bank of Communications, China Minsheng Bank, and Industrial Bank - as members.
image:SHFE Monthly Volume by Product.JPG450px
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Contracts in China
Category:Shanghai Futures Exchange
Category:Gold
Category:Metals
Category:Metals Futures
SHFE Natural Rubber

SHFE natural rubber futures trade on the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE). 
Each SHFE natural rubber futures contract represents 5 tons of deliverable grade natural rubber, which is defined as domestic natural rubber with the qualification of 1st grade (SCR5, GB8081-8089-87) or overseas natural rubber that conforms to RSS3, International Quality And Package Standard of Rubber(1979) as good for delivery, and its delivery date is set as the 16th to 20th day of the spot month.
Each SHFE natural rubber futures contract is subject to a margin rate equivalent to 5 percent of contract value (e.g., 12420 yuan = 24840 yuan [RU0809 last price on May 23, 2008] x 5 [tons/contract] x 5 percent) as well as a trading fee equal or below 0.02 percent of transaction value / contract.
In 2008, SHFE natural rubber futures traded 92,922,206 contracts (+10.12 percent YOY) and its turnover amounted to 9,275.8 billion yuan (+6.34 percent YOY), making it the most active (in terms of volume) futures contract and second largest (in terms of turnover) futures contract on the SHFE.
image:SHFE Monthly Volume by Product.JPG450px
== Notes ==
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Contracts in China
Category:Shanghai Futures Exchange
Category:Commodities
SHFE Steel Rebar futures

The Shanghai Futures Exchange launched SHFE Steel Rebar futures on March 27. The futures quickly developed into a very active contract and traded more than 7 million contracts in the month of June 2009, ranking as the third active contract on the SHFE, in terms of volume.{[cite web|url=http://www.shfe.com.cn/en/products/SteelRebar/contract/111168541.html|name=Steel Rebar Futures Standard Contract Appendix of SHFE|org=SHFE.com|date=June 2, 2017}}
Each SHFE steel rebar futures contract represents 10 tons of deliverable grade steel wire rod, which is defined as a standard hot-rolled ribbed bars(GB1499.2-2007) in the category of HRB400 or HRBF400 with a diameter of 16mm, 18mm, 20mm, 22mm, 25mm or a substitution, hot-rolled ribbed bars steel wire rod (GB1499.2-2007)in the category of HRB335 or HRBF335 with a diameter of 16mm, 18mm, 20mm, 22mm, 25mm as good delivery, and its delivery date is set as the 16th to 20th day of the spot month.
Each SHFE steel rebar futures contract is subject to a margin rate equivalent to at least 7 percent (currently 8 percent) of contract value (e.g., 2493 yuan = 3561 yuan [RB0909 last price on March 27, 2009] x 10 [tons/contract] x 7 percent) as well as a trading fee equal or below 0.02 percent (0.01 percent till December 31, 2009) of transaction value / contract.
It was reported in the Chinese media that SHFE steel wire rod futures and SHFE steel rebar futures together traded 870,000 contracts on the first day of mock trading on March 18. On March 27, 2009, the first day of real trading, lead month RB0909 traded 45,548 contracts, while all SHFE steel rebar futures traded total 360,228 contracts, equivalent to a turnover of 12.89 billion yuan. In April 2009, the first full month of trading, all SHFE steel rebar futures traded average daily volume of 192,235 contracts, more than ten times all SHFE steel wire rod futures traded during the same period.
A mere four months after the official launch at the end of March 2009, SHFE steel rebar futures traded a phenomenal 1,359,400 contacts per day in the last month of July, second only to DCE Soy Meal futures's 1,681,472 contracts in the entire Chinese futures market during the same period.
image:SHFE Steel Daily Volume2.JPG450px image:SHFE Steel Daily Volume.JPG450px
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Contracts in China
Category:Shanghai Futures Exchange
Category:Metals
Category:Metals Futures
SHFE Steel Wire Rod futures

The Shanghai Futures Exchange has also been seeking to launch two types of steel contracts, and there was an early speculation that it could launch steel wire rod and rebar futures contracts as early as March 9, 2009. However, the SHFE denied the rumor in the very last minute, and it was officially reported on March 23 that the SHFE would launch them on March 27. On March 18, 2009, the SHFE started mock-trading steel futures.
Each SHFE steel wire rod futures contract represents 10 tons of deliverable grade steel wire rod, which is defined as a standard hot-rolled plains bars(GB1499.1-2008) in the category of HPB235 with a diameter of 8mm or a substitution, hot-rolled plains bars (B1499.1-2008)in the category of HPB235 with a diameter of 6.5mm as good delivery, and its delivery date is set as the 16th to 20th day of the spot month.
Each SHFE steel wire rod futures contract is subject to a margin rate equivalent to at least 7 percent (currently 8 percent) of contract value (e.g., 2379 yuan = 3398 yuan [WR0909 last price on March 27, 2009] x 10 [tons/contract] x 7 percent) as well as a trading fee equal or below 0.02 percent (0.01 percent till December 31, 2009) of transaction value / contract.
It was reported on the Chinese media, SHFE steel wire rod futures and SHFE steel rebar futures together traded 870,000 contracts on the first day of mock trading on March 18. On March 27, 2009, the first day of real trading, lead month WR0909 traded 12,430 contracts, while all SHFE steel wire rod futures traded total 106,872 contracts, equivalent to a turnover of 3.64 billion yuan.
In April 2009, the first full month of trading, all SHFE steel wire rod futures traded average daily volume of 15,998 contracts, less than one-tenth of all SHFE steel rebar futures traded during the same period.
image:SHFE Steel Daily Volume.JPG450px
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Contracts in China
Category:Shanghai Futures Exchange
Category:Metals
Category:Metals Futures
SHFE Zinc

SHFE zinc futures trade on the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE). SHFE zinc futures were launched on March 26, 2007 and have been the most recent contract listed on the SHFE until SHFE gold futures were listed in January 2008. 
Each SHFE zinc futures contract represents 5 tons of deliverable grade zinc ingot, which is defined as standard aluminum with fineness not less than 99.995 percent and conforms with 99.995% graded zinc chemical composition of GB470－1997 as good for delivery, and its delivery date is set as the 16th to 20th day of the spot month. SHFE zinc futures contract also has a minimum delivery unit requirement of 25 tons.
Each SHFE zinc futures contract is subject to a margin rate equivalent to 5 percent of contract value (e.g., 4450 yuan = 17800 yuan [ZN0808 last price on May 23, 2008] x 5 [tons/contract] x 5 percent) as well as a trading fee equal or below 0.02 percent of transaction value / contract.
In 2008, its first full year of trading, ZCE zinc futures traded 47,077,794 contracts and its turnover amounted to 3,907.4 billion yuan, making it the second most active (in terms of volume) contract on the SHFE.
China is the largest producer of zinc in the world, but became a net importer in 2004, and currently importing about half a million tons of zinc a year. 
image:SHFE Monthly Volume by Product.JPG450px
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Contracts in China
Category:Shanghai Futures Exchange
Category:Metals
Category:Metals Futures
SIGMA X

SIGMA X is a crossing network, or dark pool, operated by Goldman Sachs Electronic Trading (GSET). It was launched in 2005 and operates in the United Stated, Europe, Japan and most recently, Hong Kong. 
SIGMA X is among the largest pools of non-displayed liquidity in the United States and is comprised of a customer-to-customer crossing network and a host of external liquidity providers. It allows customers to take liquidity from nondisplayed sources and benefit from the aggregated source of liquidity that flows through the firm's infrastructure.
In Europe, GSET offers the SIGMA suite of products, which includes, liquidity-seeking algorithms, smart order routing and aggregation tools, sophisticated crossing logic and a comprehensive set of analytics. The suite enables you to access multiple liquidity sources, both displayed and dark, with no change to your existing workflow.
== References ==
Category: Dark Pools
Category:Goldman Sachs
SIM swap

SIM swap frauds are a popular means for stealing cryptocurrencies. 
In a SIM swap, the fraudster contacts another person's cell phone service provider and tells the company that the phone was lost or irretrievably damaged. The the scammer requests the cell service provider to activate a new SIM card for a replacement phone - which the fraudster owns. With the data on the SIM card the fraudster may be able to get access to account information for the victim's accounts at financial institutions. Many victims have relied on two factor authorizations as their security measures but when a SIM card is swapped, the fraudster usually also has access to the text message or email that provides the second identity authenticating factor. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has provided public warnings. 
Customers of U.S.-based cryptocurrency trading platforms that hold their customers' cryptocurrencies in custody have been frequent targets of SIM swaps. Coinbase customers have been frequent targets, at least according to anecdotal evidence. 
A SIM card is the subscriber identity module or subscriber identification module. The card is an integrated circuit that securely stores the international mobile subscriber identity number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on a cell phone carrier's network.
== References ==
SIX Group

__NOTOC__
SIX Group, the parent company of SIX Swiss Exchange, provides infrastructure services to national and international participants of the Swiss financial center. The company's fields of business include securities trading, securities services, financial information and payment transactions. It operates the Swiss Exchange and SIX x-clear, the clearinghouse for various securities.
SIX Group was formed at the beginning of 2008 through the merger of SWX Group, SIS Group and Telekurs Group. 
It is jointly owned by around 125 domestic and foreign bank shareholders who are also users of the infrastructure. 
 
== History ==
SWX Group, Telekurs Group and SIS Group joined forces to form Swiss Financial Market Services, which began to operate under the brand SIX Group in 2008. In 2010 SIX Group launched Terravis, the first electronic real estate information system covering the whole of Switzerland. Working closely together with the business area Securities Services, Scoach, the exchange for structured products, launched gold (XAU) as a trading currency in 2011.
In December of 2012 SIX Group agreed to acquire 100 percent of Oslo Clearing from Oslo Børs for NOK 180 million (approximately $32 million). 
SIX developed the SIX Digital Exchange (SDX) starting in July 2018 and was ready for market users for digital securities by November 2019. The whole marketplace was due to be completed by the end of 2020. 
In November 2019, SIX Group bid for the Bolsa y Mercados Espanoles (BME) in a €2.84 billion ($3.14 billion) all cash offer. Euronext was also considering a bid for the Spanish stock market. SIX successfully completed the acquisition of BME in June 2020, making the combined company the third largest exchange group in Europe. Following the settlement, BME became a part of SIX Group.
On March 31, 2022, SIX completed the acquisition of Clearstream's 50% stake in the European trade repository REGIS-TR, becoming the sole shareholder of REGIS-TR.
On November 11, 2024, SIX Group announced it had agreed to acquire Aquis Exchange Plc, a UK-based trading exchange and data provider, in a deal with an enterprise value of approximately £194 million ($250 million). The deal would be the biggest for SIX since its acquisition of Bolsas y Mercados Espanoles in 2020.
== Products and Services ==
SIX Group provides infrastructure services to national and international participants of the Swiss financial centre. 
Its fields of business include:
*Securities trading
*Securities services
*Financial information
*Payment transactions
A globally operating infrastructure provider, the Six Group forms a critical aspect of the Swiss financial center.
== Key People ==
*Thomas Wellauer, Chairman
*Jos Dijsselhof, Group CEO
*Daniel Schmucki, CFO
== References ==
SM75 / Small Stocks 75

Small Stocks 75 finds the most active stocks from the five major sectors - technology, industrial, energy, financial, material - and adjusts with shifts in the equity environment to give you an engaging stock market at all times. It is offered by The Small Exchange.
SM75 / Small Stocks 75 	SM75 / Small Stocks 75 	SM75 / Small Stocks 75 	SM75 / Small Stocks 75
Symbol 	SM75 	SM75 	SM75
Intraday Limits 	9% and 13% 	9% and 13% 	9% and 13%
Daily Limit 	20% 	20% 	20%
Initial Margin 	$754.00 	$754.00 	$754.00
Maintenance Margin 	$685.00 	$685.00 	$685.00
Trading Hours 	Monday - Friday from 7am-4pm CT 	Monday - Friday from 7am-4pm CT 	Monday - Friday from 7am-4pm CT
Termination 	The contract expires at 3pm CT on the 3rd Friday of the contract month. If the 3rd Friday is a market holiday, expiration is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday.	The contract expires at 3pm CT on the 3rd Friday of the contract month. If the 3rd Friday is a market holiday, expiration is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday.	The contract expires at 3pm CT on the 3rd Friday of the contract month. If the 3rd Friday is a market holiday, expiration is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday.
Size 	$7,900 	$7,900 	$7,900
Contract Size 	100x current price 	100x current price 	100x current price
Tick Size \ Dollar per Tick	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick 	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick 	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick
Available Contracts 	All Smalls are available for current and following month. 	All Smalls are available for current and following month. 	All Smalls are available for current and following month.
Settlement 	Cash-settled 	Cash-settled 	Cash-settled
== Notes ==
==References==
Category:Sponsored Pages
Category:Reserved Pages
Category:Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Data in Template
SME

SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise) is a term used to describe businesses that maintain revenues, assets, or number of employees below certain thresholds. The definition of an SME varies by country and industry, but generally refers to companies smaller than large corporations yet larger than micro-enterprises.
== History ==
The concept of SMEs can be traced back to ancient times when craft guilds were formed by skilled artisans. However, the modern usage of the term SME emerged during the Industrial Revolution in Europe to describe smaller factories that could not compete with larger manufacturers.
The development of transportation and communication technologies in the 19th century allowed for easier movement of goods and services, leading to an increase in SMEs. During the 20th century, advancements in technology made it possible for entrepreneurs to start businesses with minimal capital investment, further fueling the growth of SMEs.
== Definition ==
The definition of an SME varies across different countries and organizations:
=== European Union ===
The European Union defines an SME as a business that employs fewer than 250 persons and has an annual turnover not exceeding €50 million, and/or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding €43 million.
=== United States ===
In the United States, the definition of an SME varies by industry. For example, in the manufacturing sector, an SME can have up to 500 employees, while in wholesale trade, the limit is 100 employees.
== Economic Impact ==
SMEs play a crucial role in the global economy:
# Job Creation: SMEs are responsible for creating a significant number of jobs, especially in remote areas where large corporations may not have a strong presence.
# Innovation: SMEs often drive innovation and competition in many economic sectors, as they tend to be more entrepreneurial and adaptable than larger firms.
# Economic Contribution: In the UK, SMEs account for 99.9% of the business population and contribute around 47% of revenue to the economy.
== Benefits and Challenges ==
SMEs often receive benefits such as financial assistance, decreased taxation, and access to better loans. However, they also face challenges, including securing financial resources and competing with larger corporations.
== Intellectual Property ==
A study by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) showed that SMEs owning intellectual property rights generate on average 68% higher revenue per employee than those that don't. However, less than 9% of SMEs in the study owned any patents, trademarks, or registered designs.
Category:Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Category:Business
Category:Economics
Category:Entrepreneurship
== References ==
Category:Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Category:Business
Category:Economics
Category:Entrepreneurship
SMO / Small US Crude Oil

Small US Crude Oil offers a direct line to one of the world’s most consumed energy sources in a small size that gives you a more manageable trade in a historically volatile market. It is offered by The Small Exchange.
SMO / Small US Crude Oil 	SMO / Small US Crude Oil 	SMO / Small US Crude Oil 	SMO / Small US Crude Oil
Symbol 	SMO 	SMO 	SMO
Intraday Limits 	9% and 13% 	9% and 13% 	9% and 13%
Daily Limit 	20% 	20% 	20%
Initial Margin 	$1,100 	$1,100 	$1,100
Maintenance Margin 	$1,000 	$1,000 	$1,000
Trading Hours 	Monday - Friday from 7am - 4pm CT, except for the last trading day of the month (see Termination for details). 	Monday - Friday from 7am - 4pm CT, except for the last trading day of the month (see Termination for details). 	Monday - Friday from 7am - 4pm CT, except for the last trading day of the month (see Termination for details).
Termination 	The contract expires the 2nd Friday of the month. The last trading day is the trading day prior to the 2nd Friday of the month. The front (expiring) month will stop trading at 1:30 pm CT on this day and will not trade the following day, when settlement will be final. If the 2nd Friday is a market holiday, settlement is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday, and the last trading day will be preceding business day.	The contract expires the 2nd Friday of the month. The last trading day is the trading day prior to the 2nd Friday of the month. The front (expiring) month will stop trading at 1:30 pm CT on this day and will not trade the following day, when settlement will be final. If the 2nd Friday is a market holiday, settlement is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday, and the last trading day will be preceding business day.	The contract expires the 2nd Friday of the month. The last trading day is the trading day prior to the 2nd Friday of the month. The front (expiring) month will stop trading at 1:30 pm CT on this day and will not trade the following day, when settlement will be final. If the 2nd Friday is a market holiday, settlement is on the Thursday prior to the Friday holiday, and the last trading day will be preceding business day.
Size 	$6,900 	$6,900 	$6,900
Contract Size 	100x current price 	100x current price 	100x current price
Tick Size \ Dollar per Tick	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick 	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick 	$0.01 tick = $1.00 per tick
Available Contracts 	All Smalls are available for current and following month. 	All Smalls are available for current and following month. 	All Smalls are available for current and following month.
Settlement 	Cash-settled 	Cash-settled 	Cash-settled
== Notes ==
==References==
Category:Sponsored Pages
Category:Reserved Pages
Category:Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Data in Template
SO2 emissions

Sulfur dioxide, or SO2, belongs to the family of sulfur oxide gases (SOx). 
SOx gases are formed when fuel containing sulfur, such as coal and oil, is burned, and when gasoline is extracted from oil, or metals are extracted from ore. 
SO2 dissolves in water vapor forming acid and interacts with other gases and particles in the air to form sulfates and other products that can be harmful to people and their environment; the emissions from the burning of coal and oil can end up falling to earth as acid rain. 
The most ambitious application of a market-based instrument to reduce pollution has been for the control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The acid rain reduction program under Title IV of the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 established an allowance trading program to cut SO2 emissions by 10 million tons from 1980 levels — a 50 percent reduction.
== References ==
SOFFEX

The Swiss Options and Financial Futures Exchange (SOFFEX) became the first-ever electronic exchange in 1988 and fueled the subsequent rapid growth of electronic derivatives and equities markets. A decade later, SOFFEX joined Germany's DTB electronic exchange - a former customer - to form the derivatives exchange powerhouse Eurex.
 
== History ==
SOFFEX was launched in 1988 as the world's first all-electronic securities exchange. and helped break the ground for today's rapid expansion of electronic trading. It also helped fuel the rise of pan-European derivatives exchange Eurex by licensing its proprietary trading system to the German all-electronic derivatives exchange DTB, which Deutsche Borse launched in 1990 and later snagged market share from Matif and LIFFE. DTB and SOFFEX, then owned and operated by SWX Swiss Exchange then merged in 1998 to form Eurex, the world's first transnational derivatives market. 
== Latest news ==
SWX Swiss Exchange's parent company, SWX Group, joined the new Swiss Financial Market Services AG in 2007 after being part of a three-way merger with SIS Group and Telekurs Group. The new group plans to promote SWX Swiss Exchange and SWX Europe as "pre-eminent liquidity venues for Swiss securities trading."
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Futures Exchanges