nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
National Securities Clearing Corp.

The National Securities Clearing Corp. (NSCC), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), is a central counterparty that provides centralized clearance, settlement and information services for almost all broker-to-broker equity, corporate bond and municipal bond, exchange-traded funds and unit investment trust (UIT) trades in the U.S.
The NSCC, which was established in 1976, also nets trades and payments among its participants, reducing the value of securities and payments that need to be exchanged by an average of 98 percent each day. NSCC generally clears and settles trades on a T+3 basis.
In July, 2012, the Financial Stability Oversight Council designated the National Securities Clearing Corp. as a systemically important nonbank financial company or financial market utility list. The designation means NSCC is subject to heightened risk management, financial resource, and other standards, but also has access to the Federal Reserve's emergency lending facilities. 
== Key People ==
*Michael Bodson, President and CEO
*Robert Druskin, non-executive Chairman
*Murray Pozmanter, general manager in charge of all DTCC's SIFMU
== References ==
Category:Clearing Houses
National Securities Depository Limited

The National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) was first and largest depository in India. It was established in August of 1996.It commenced operations in November of 1996.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
NSDL services more than 9.5 million investors through its DPs from over 7,800 locations across 860 cities/towns across India. NSDL holds securities valued at more than $880 billion (Rs. 40,50,000 crore) in dematerialized form. 
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Managing Director and CEO, Gagan Rai
== References ==
Category:Clearing
Category:India
National Spot Exchange Limited

The National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) was a national –level, institutionalized, electronic spot trading platform for commodities in India. It was incorporated as a public limited company, with Financial Technologies of India holding 99.99% of the share capital and NAFED holding 100 shares, on May 18, 2005. It began live trading on October 15, 2008.
NSEL offered trading in agricultural products, including cereals, fibers, and spices; bullion products, such as gold, silver, copper and steel metals; and investment products, including e-gold, e-silver, e-copper and e-platinum.
On July 31, 2013 NSEL declared its inability to pay approximately Rs 5,600 crore to investors, leading to a payment crisis. Later several of the top NSEL officials were arrested by the investigative agencies.
In August of 2013, the Mumbai police found evidence of irregularities on the part of NSEL brokers. A report on the police’s forensic audit showed evidence of hawala transactions (a method of transferring money without any actual movement), benami trades (trades made or held under a fictitious or front company) and illegal code changes. The report also stated that some of the directors inside the firm were aware of impending danger. 
Evidence revealed that some of NSEL brokers’ clients had been allowed to take longer-term forward contracts, despite the exchange only being permitted to handle spot contracts in commodities. NSEL reportedly permitted 30-40 day forward contracts on the basis of warehouse receipts trading, without checking whether corresponding commodities existed in the warehouses. 
In November of 2013, the Mumbai police arrested NSEL’s former chief executive officer Anjani Sinha and two other senior officials after an investors’ group alleged that the executives diverted funds and failed to settle about 56 billion rupees ($911 million) in dues to investors. The NSEL failed to meet most of the payment targets set by the Forward Markets Commission, the commodities futures market regulator in India.
== Key People ==
*Prakash Chaturvedi - Managing Director and CEO
*Neeraj Sharma - Sr. Vice President
*Rajkumar Jain - Chief financial Officer
*Jignesh Shah, vice chairman (former)
== References ==
National Stock Exchange of Australia

The National Stock Exchange of Australia (NSX) is a stock exchange based in Newcastle, Australia. It was established in 1937 as the Newcastle Stock Exchange and after a dormant period, it was re-established in February 2000 and grew to become Australia’s second largest listing stock exchange. It is regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.
About 110 companies were listed on NSX as of June 30, 2014.
NSX's largest shareholder, Financial and Energy Exchange (FEX), holds a 39 per cent stake in the exchange through two entities. 
== History ==
NSX merged with the Bendigo Stock Exchange in 2005.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization

A credit rating agency is a firm that offers its opinion on the credit quality of an entity and its financial obligations such as preferred stock, long-term and short-term debt instruments. Ten credit rating agencies are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs). Achieving NRSRO status generally means that an agency is deemed "credible" by the commission, and that ratings issued by the agency are appropriately used as benchmarks in federal and state legislation, rules issued by financial and other regulators, foreign regulatory schemes, and private financial contracts. The registered NRSROs are:
*A.M. Best 
*DBRS
*Egan-Jones 
*Fitch Ratings
*Japan Credit Rating Agency
*Kroll Bond Rating Agency (formerly known as LACE Financial)
*Moody's Investors Service
*Rating and Investment Information
*Realpoint
*Standard & Poor’s
Each NRSRO has its own credit rating system but, in general, ratings run from "Triple A," meaning an extremely low risk of meeting future commitments, to "D" meaning the company has defaulted on its financial commitments. Typically, a rating of "BB" or higher is considered "investment-grade;" lower ratings are considered "non-investment grade," also known as high-yield bonds, or "junk bonds."
==NRSROs and the Dodd-Frank Act==
Subsequent to the financial crisis of 2008, credit ratings agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch came under fire for having assigned top ratings to securities backed by subprime debt obligations. The debate centered on the ratings agencies' compensation models as creating an inherent conflict of interest. Among the mandates of Title IX of the Dodd-Frank Act is a requirement that references to or reliance upon credit ratings shall be removed from existing regulations, and replaced with alternative measures of creditworthiness. For more information, visit the Credit Ratings Regulation page on MarketsReformWiki.
Nations VolDex Index

The Nations VolDex Index measures broad market implied volatility by way of at-the-money SPY options (options on the S&P 500 exchange traded fund). It offers an alternative gauge of volatility to the CBOE's VIX Index. The VolDex Index is calculated by NationsShares, a small index provider based in Chicago and headed by president and CIO Scott Nations. 
The VolDex launched in June 2013, with a first day close of 17.31 on June 21, when the VIX finished at 18.90. 
The SEC approved listing options on the Nations VolDex Index (ticker: VOLI) on January 28, 2014. ISE Holdings' two options exchanges, ISE and ISE Gemini, were the first options exchanges to enter into a licensing agreement with NationsShares to list options on the index. The exchanges plan to list options on VolDex in late 2014. 
== References ==
Natsource

Natsource is one of the largest greenhouse gas asset managers with over $1.4 billion in committed capital. 
Natsource's emissions business is comprised of three business units: asset management services, advisory and research services and brokerage services. 
The firm is one of the pioneers in the greenhouse gas emissions market. It handles trades in Certified Emission Reduction CER and European Union Allowance (EUA) markets as well as in Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs, Nitrous Oxide (NOx) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). 
== History ==
In 2005, the firm created the Greenhouse Gas Credit Aggregation Pool which has attracted participation from Europe, Canada and Japan. Natsource pooled about 510 million euros for the fund.
In 2006, Natsource launched the Aeolus on-shore and off-shore funds which are focused on investments in renewable energies and emissions. 
In January 2008, Natsource formed a pool for European companies to buy carbon credits that could be used to meet Kyoto Protocol requirements. The pool has a 200 million euro target for the pool. 
On June 12, 2008, the firm closed the Natsource Carbon Asset Pool (NAT-CAP) at 86 million euros.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Natural Gas Exchange

Natural Gas Exchange Inc. (NGX), headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, provides electronic trading, central counterparty clearing and data services to the North American natural gas and electricity markets. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TSX Group, which collectively manages all aspects of Canada’s senior and junior equity markets.
== History ==
NGX began operations in February 1994. 
In 2008, NGX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) launched an operational alliance where by NGX uses ICE's front-end trading technology and provides clearing services for ICE's U.S. physical gas products. NGX is wholly owned by TMX Group Inc., which collectively manages all aspects of Canada's senior and junior equity markets.
== Products and Services ==
NGX provides electronic trading, central counterparty clearing and data services to the North American natural gas and electricity markets.
It has developed the AB-NIT ("AECO") hub into one of the most liquid spot and forward energy markets in North America.. 
In 2008, NGX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) launched an operational alliance in which NGX uses ICE’s front end trading technology and provides clearing services for ICE’s US physical gas products. 
== Key People ==
* Peter Krenkel, president
== References ==
Natural Gas Exchange, Inc.

The Natural Gas Exchange, Inc. (NGX), headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, is owned by the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), who acquired it from TMX Group in December 2017. NGX provides an electronic trading platform, clearing and data for trading North American natural gas and power markets.
Launched on February 10, 1994, NGX offers spot and forward energy markets. NGX posts its markets on the ICE's WebICE trading platform, and uses ICE's clearing services. 
As of 2014, NGX had more than 250 "contracting parties" in the US and Canada, trading on the platform.
 
== History ==
In early 1993, with the deregulation of the natural gas industry, Westcoast Energy envisioned an electronic platform for the Canadian market for buyers and sellers of natural gas using standardized rules. It was believed that the fungible nature of the commodity, coupled with an innovative and evolving base of market participants and an increasing market size, provided an opportunity for the electronic trading of natural gas in Canada.
The vision for NGX also included clearing and settlement. NGX has operated since its inception as a marketplace where NGX acts as the central counterparty to all its transactions, including central position netting, and anonymous trading.
On Dec. 12, 2008, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued an order granting Natural Gas Exchange, Inc. (NGX) registration as a derivatives clearing organization (DCO) pursuant to Section 5b(b) of the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA). As a registered DCO, NGX is authorized to clear over-the-counter derivative instruments based on energy products that could qualify as exempt commodities as defined in Section 1(a)(14) of the CEA.
== Products and Services ==
NGX products and clearing services are available through ICE‘s WebICE trading platform.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Futures Exchanges
Natural gas

Natural gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons mostly burned as fuel and usually found with or near petroleum deposits. Markets like natural gas and those for petreoluem products like crude and refined oil are jointly called energy markets and are considered a key indicator of the performance of the global economy.
== Pumped ==
Investors in the broader natural-gas market use the AMEX Natural Gas Index (XNG), which includes the 15 largest listed explorers and producers, as a benchmark for the sector. Established in 1993 with a value of 300, the XNG's better-known components include Chesapeake Energy (CHK), Southwestern Energy (SWN) and Nicor Inc. (GAS) and most recently traded (November 25, 2008) at 392.46.
== Expelled ==
The spot price and futures price of U.S. natural gas, like that of its refined hydrocarbon counterpart gasoline, has plunged recently on news that stores of natural gas are higher than expected amid the global credit crisis and subsequent economic slowdown, both of which will reduce demand. A forecast cold winter for America's north-eastern states, which rely heavily on natural gas for home heating, have rallied prices somewhat but energy traders say continued financial turmoil will likely maintain a bear market in natural gas for the near-to-medium future.
== References ==
Category:Energy
Category:Gas
Neal A. Shear

__NOTOC__ 
Neal Shear is CEO of Higgs Capital Management LLP, a commodity hedge fund.
Previously, he was global head of securities at UBS Investment Bank. He had joined UBS in early 2010. 
Shear also serves on the board of trustees for the Institute for Financial Markets.
== Background ==
He spent more than 25 years at Morgan Stanley, where he was most recently co-head of sales and trading and had the responsibility across equities and fixed income. In addition, he helped to lead the firm into emerging markets through purchasing banks in China and Russia. Prior to assuming the role, Shear was one of the original founding members of Morgan Stanley’s global commodities business in the then-new areas of oil, natural gas, power and agriculture, and served as head of commodities business and trading. Prior to joining Morgan Stanley, he was a trader at Citicorp from 1978 to 1979 and J. Aron & Company, the commodity subsidiary of Goldman, Sachs & Companyfrom 1979 to 1982. 
He has served as a director of Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA). 
== Education ==
Shear holds a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Maryland and a masters in business administration from Cornell University. 
== References ==	
Category:Hedge Fund Managers
Category:The IFM
Category:The IFM Board of Trustees
Category: Bios - Executives
Neal Brady

__NOTOC__ 
Neal Brady is a Chicago-based listed derivatives and fintech executive who currently serves as the CEO and co-founder of FairX, an exchange announced on May 26, 2021 which will offer low-cost, around-the-clock trading access to the most liquid asset classes in global futures. 
He is also a member of the advisory board of Pre-data.
He is the co-founder and former executive chairman of ErisX, formerly Eris Exchange. He was previously CEO of Eris Exchange, which he co-founded.
== Background ==
Prior to co-founding Eris Exchange and assuming the role of chief executive, Brady served as managing director of business development at CME Group. At CME, he was responsible for CME Group international partnerships in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America as well as CME Group strategic partnering in OTC markets. He also served on the board of directors of Imarex Group. 
Before joining the CME, Brady was founder and CEO of Liquidity Direct Technology, an options and spread trading platform that CME acquired in January of 2004.
== Education ==
He earned a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University, an MBA degree from Columbia Business School and master’s in international affairs (MIA) from Columbia University’s School of Public Affairs.
== John Lothian News Interview ==
Swap Meet: Eris Exchange’s Neal Brady Sees Capital Efficiency Driving Growth of Standardized Swap Contracts - John Lothian News
In September 2009 the leaders of the G-20 met in Pittsburgh to hammer out a coordinated approach to regulatory reform. Chief among their concerns in the wake of the financial crisis was a lack of adequate capital backstopping the system. Now, several years later, Basel III and other capital rules are coming into into force, making efficient use of capital a global priority.
As Eris Exchange’s swap futures contracts continue to set new volume and open interest records, Eris CEO Neal Brady sat down with former John Lothian News editor-at-large Doug Ashburn to discuss the emergence of swap futures as an important tool in the new financial order. In addition, ICE Futures Europe announced it will list Eris’ standard interest rate futures contracts denominated in euro and British pound sterling, starting on June 29.
== Resources == 
* LinkedIn Profile
== References ==	
Category:Eris Exchange - Former Employees
Category:Exchange CEOs
Category:CME Group - Former Employees
Neal Kottke

__NOTOC__ 
Neal Kottke is the founder, chairman and president of Kottke Associates. The firm was founded in 1988 as a proprietary trading firm.
== Background ==
Kottke's involvement in the futures markets has been primarily in the grain sector since the 1960s. His perspective of the grain sector covers every aspect; Kottke has worked on the physical and futures side, traded, ran his clearing member firm Kottke Associates, and also owns a working farm in downstate Illinois. Kottke has also served as chairman of the Chicago Board of Trade Clearing Corporation and as vice chairman of the Chicago Board of Trade. 
==John Lothian Profiles==
Profiles: Neal Kottke
Neal Kottke, chairman of Kottke Associates in Chicago, is one of those industry veterans who has done it all in his career, from the commercial side to clearing, to starting his own clearing firm to proprietary trading. His contributions to the futures industry also included a term as chairman of the Board of Trade Clearing Corporation as well as two terms as vice chairman of the Chicago Board of Trade.
Kottke has seen more events and trends than most during a career that now spans four decades. In this John Lothian Profile, JLN explores Kottke’s experiences, how the markets have changed and evolved and how “discipline” is the key feature for successful trading. He also talks about how to manage volatility in the markets, managing risk and Black Swan events. Published March 19, 2013. Watch at JohnLothianNews.com
== Education ==
Kottke graduated from the University of Illinois and earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in 1962. He received an MBA from Northwestern University in 1963. 
== References ==	
Category:CBOT Members
Category:FCM Executives
Category:Proprietary Trading Executive
Category:John Lothian Profiles
Neal S. Wolin

__NOTOC__ 
Neal S. Wolin is the deputy secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was confirmed to the position in May of 2009.
 
== Background ==
At the time of his appointment to the deputy Treasury secretary spot, he was probably best known for his supervision of the team of colleagues that drafted the banking deregulation bill called the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which repealed Depression-era restrictions allowing commercial and investment banks to join forces.
In February of 2009, Wolin was named deputy assistant to the president and deputy counsel to the president for Economic Policy. Wolin served as general counsel of the Department of the Treasury from 1999- 2001 and as deputy general counsel from 1995-1999. He previously served as executive assistant to the national security advisor, deputy national security advisor and deputy legal advisor to the National Security Council.
From 2001 to 2008, Wolin served at The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., most recently as president and chief operating officer for Property and Casualty Operations and previously as general counsel. Earlier in his career, he also worked in private law practice at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in Washington, DC. 
== Education ==
Wolin is a graduate of Yale College, the University of Oxford, and Yale Law School.
== References ==
Category: Treasury Department Officials
Neda Nabavi

__NOTOC__ 
Nabavi is a financial services management professional with strategic, operational and client management expertise. She is currently director at Mizuho Securities USA Inc. Before that, she was president, head of exchange member services for Intercontinental Exchange. There, she was tasked with migrating the NYSE Liffe and NYSE Liffe US trading platforms and client trading infrastructure to ICE. 
Previously, Nabavi was vice president, exchange member services for NYSE Euronext.
In January 2015 she was elected to the board of Women in Listed Derivatives (WILD). 
== Background ==
From November 2005 to December 2009 Nabavi was vice president, trading technology control, at MF Global. 
From October 2001 to November 2005 she was vice president, trading technology control at Refco. 
Earlier she was technology marketing manager at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and before that she was senior marketing associate at Ernst & Young LLP.
== Education ==
Nabavi received a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations and Spanish from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
== References ==	
Category:NYSE Euronext - Former Employees
Category:MF Global - Former Employees
Category:Refco - Former Employees
Category:Former CME Staff
Need To Know News

Need to Know News (NTKN) is a financial news information source that was formed with the aim of delivering audio market content and computer readable economic releases to traders and investment professionals in an accurate and timely manner. NTKN is based in Washington DC.
In November of 2009 it was announced that Deutsche Boerse would expand the offering of its market data and analytics segment by acquiring NTKN. A purchase agreement was signed on Nov. 20, 2009. NTKN would become a 100 percent subsidiary of Market News International (MNI), a Deutsche Boerse Group company. 
== History ==
NTKN was established in June of 2004, initially as a supplier of Scream Audio broadcasts of economic releases and news for the electronic trader. In 2007, NTKN began providing computer-readable news for algorithmic trading. The company’s Lightning Bolt service became a news-feed integrated into sophisticated bank and hedge fund algorithms. 
With news bureaus and data centers linked together via infrastructure in North America and Europe, the next progression in expanding NTKN's product line was the creation of Essential, a scrolling news service designed exclusively for electronic traders.
== Products and Services ==
NTKN emphasizes breaking news rather than scripted news. HTKN broadcasts economic releases and policy speeches by Federal Reserve reports directly from government press rooms in Washington, D.C. 
In September of 2008, NTKN announced a licensing agreement with CQG, Inc. to provide its Essential service. Essential provides real-time global economic releases and market moving data via CQG terminals.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:News Companies
Category:Deutsche Boerse
Needham Consulting, Ltd.

Needham Consulting, Ltd is a consulting practice focused on post-trade processing of exchange-traded and cleared OTC contacts, and to a lesser degree, traditional non-cleared) OTC contracts. Expertise in conversions, project management, system and software design, regulatory reporting and collateral management.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
* John P. Needham, president
== References ==