nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
OTP Bank

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OTP Bank is the dominant financial institution in Hungary and in 2008 its stock made up almost one third of the total value of the blue-chip BUX index on the Budapest Stock Exchange. However, the expansionary bank recently suffered an earnings blow in the global financial crisis and concerns about the economy in regional counries where OTP operates.
== Background ==
OTP Bank was formed in 1949 under Hungary's previous Communist government as the Országos Takarékpénztár, or National Savings Bank - a nation-wide, state-owned financial institution providing retail-level banking services. It became an independent company in 1990 with share capital of 23 billion Hungarian forints and began entering share-holder ownership in 1995 with its first IPO on the Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE), leaving the state with a single, so-called 'golden' share. OTP Bank and Hungarian oil giant MOL Rt are easily the two most liquid listings on the Budapest Stock Exchange and in 2008 OTP's traded strock formed almost 29% of the total value of the benchmark index BUX.
== Regional Problems ==
Since then, OTP Bank has expanded rapidly throughout eastern Europe and currently has operations in seven regional contries. However, some or even all of these ventures could ultimately prove a drag on OTP Bank's future performance in the fallout from the global financial crisis. OTP recently suffered a 97% fall in Q4 2008 profits, in part because of large goodwill writedowns on it Ukrainian and Serbian operations, plus there are serious concerns about economic conditions in Russia and Romania, where OPT also has banks.
According to its 2007 annual report, OTP Bank's major banking offshoots in eastern Europe included the following financial institutions:
* Bulgaria: DSK Bank
* Croatia: OTP banka Hrvatska
* Montenegro: CKB
* Russia: Investsberbank
* Romania: OTP Bank Romania
* Serbia: OTP banka Srbija
* Slovakia: OTP Banka Slovensko
* Ukraine: CJSC OTP Bank
== Key People ==
Sándor Csányi has been OTP Bank Chairman & CEO since 1992 after spending six years at senior posts in two rival Hungarian banks, Magyar Hitel Bank and K&H Bank. Prior to that he worked in Hungarian state ministries and spent his final three years of public service as department head at the agriculture ministries following stints at the Revenue Directorate and the Secretariat of the Ministry of Finance. He is a 1974 graduate of the College of Finance and Accounting specialising in business administration and a 1990 graduate of the Budapest University of Economics. 
== Latest News ==
OTP Bank's net income is expected to drop by more than half in 2009 but should start picking up again in 2010, according to a recent report by investment bank ING, Hungarian finance magazine Portfolio recently reported. Further depreciation of the region's currencies is viewed as a significant risk factor for OTP Banks in future, ING noted.
== References ==
Object Trading

Object Trading was an infrastructure vendor that provides API and FIX normalization to 60+ electronic exchange destinations. 
The company's customers included half the world’s Tier One sell-side firms and buy-side firms.
In 2010, the company opened of an office in Chicago to manage and operate its FrontRunner Direct Market Access (DMA) exchange connectivity suite. 
== History ==
Object Trading was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in London, UK. 
In July 2017, Vela Trading Technologies agreed to acquire Object Trading.
== Products and Services ==
The firm offers the FrontRunner DMA suite , which integrates screen trading, program trading, and risk management client applications with multiple pools of liquidity. 
*FrontPrice is a price server that provides high-speed price download and delivery to multiple trading clients. 
*FrontTrade is a Trade execution server that offers scalable order management for trading clients. 
*FrontRisk supports low-latency pre-trade and at-trade risk management with integration to external systems. 
*FrontRunner API (FRAPI) is an interface designed for integrating custom client solutions with the FrontRunner trading infrastructure suite. 
== Key People ==
*Steve Woodyatt, CEO and Executive Chairman 
*Bernard Orenstein, Director 
*Ian McLeod, Chief Technology Officer 
*Gerry Turner, Executive Director 
*Ian Grieves, Managing Director, Americas 
*Dan Hubscher, Director of Marketing 
== References ==
Category:Independent Software Vendors
Category:Object Trading
Objective Paradigm

Objective Paradigm is a technical recruiting and executive search firm based in Chicago. 
 
== History ==
Founded in 1999, the firm services financial services, capital markets, proprietary trading, private equity, hedge fund, consulting and software development firms in finding, interviewing, hiring and retaining talent.
== Products and Services ==
Objective Paradigm has two primary offerings: direct-hire recruiting and recruitment process outsourcing (RPO).
Direct hire identifies and recruits experts to help clients find professionals to fill roles ranging from developers to C-level executives. 
The RPO group agrees to ongoing relationships with technology, finance, and consulting companies to manage their recruiting needs. 
The media seeks out Objective Paradigm’s executive team for their industry expertise and sense of hiring trends. Objective Paradigm executives have appeared in Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and Chicago Tribune: Blue Sky Innovation. 
== Key People ==
*Ryan Pollock, Founder and Managing Partner
*Kevin Krumm, Managing Partner
*Evan Pollock, Managing Partner
== References ==
Category:Recruiting Firms
Occupy Wall Street

Occupy Wall Street is a series of demonstrations that began on Sept. 17, 2011. The goal of these events is described as protesting corporate greed, economic inequalities, and the impact of corporate lobbyists in government. 
The protests first began in New York, but by October of 2011 similar protests were either planned or already being held in several other major cities, including Washington D.C., Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, New Jersey. The protesters refer to themselves as "the 99 percent," or the population outside of the top one percent of income earners.
== Background ==
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The protests were originally called for by Adbusters, a Canadian activist group in mid July of 2011. According to Adbusters, the central demand of the protests is for President Barack Obama to "ordain a Presidential Commission tasked with ending the influence money has over our representatives in Washington." Some participants of the protests have also made other demands, such as raising taxes on corporations and the rich, ending corporate welfare, protection for Medicare and Social Security, and support for trade unionism.
The Occupy Wall Street protesters posted their first official press release on Sept. 30, 2011. The release included a list of the grievances they wanted to be addressed.
The protests were influenced by earlier movements like the Arab Spring movement (such as the protests in Cairo, which began the 2011 Egyptian Revolution), which used social media to gain public awareness and support. Protesters began to complain early on that the mainstream media wasn't giving the movement the attention it deserved, so the protesters began to use Twitter, Reddit, and other social media sites in an effort to gain support.
== Conflict ==
Several instances of arrests have occurred since the beginning of the protests. Over 700 arrests were made on Oct. 1, 2011, when the protesters attempted to march across the Brooklyn Bridge, failing to remain on the pedestrian walkway, and walking out into vehicle lanes, blocking traffic. Some protesters claimed that police had lured the protestors onto the vehicle lanes, however police have denied the claims, and have released videos that show officers warning the protestors to remain on the pedestrian walkways with bullhorns.
Another 28 arrests occurred at night on Oct. 5, 2011, when a group of protestors attempted to storm the barricades blocking off Wall Street. The group had been part of a much larger demonstration involving 10,000 to 20,000 people that took place earlier, marching to Foley Square north of New York's City Hall. Those attempting to storm the barricades were described as "the occupiers and other young people, looking for a confrontation," and police responded by shoving the protesters, using pepper spray, and one officer also used a baton to keep the crowd back.
== Resources ==
* Occupy Wall Street Website
*Occupy Together Website
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
== References ==
Ocean Tomo LLC

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Established in 2003, Ocean Tomo provides financial products and services related to intellectual property (IP).
Headquartered in Chicago, the company provides advice in IP-related mergers and acquisitions, investments, valuations, expert services and analytics.
Subsidiaries of Ocean Tomo include Ocean Tomo Asset Management, LLC and Ocean Tomo Capital, LLC -- publisher of the Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Index (Amex: OTPAT), the Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Growth Index (Amex: OTPATG) and the Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Value Index (Amex: OTPATV). 
== History ==
On June 16 2009, the interdealer broker ICAP announced an agreement to acquire the transactions division of Ocean Tomo. The agreement also provides for a long term license to the Ocean Tomo brand and mutual referral. The transaction closed on 15 June, 2009. The Ocean Tomo transactions business includes Ocean Tomo Auctions, LLC, a private sale brokerage unit, the Patent Bid/Ask platform and The Deans List. Ocean Tomo’s Vice Chairman, Dean Becker, and nine employees joined ICAP.
In July 2018, Ocean Tomo published an industry report on the cryptocurrency and blockchain markets entitled, “Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies Industry Report.” The report analyzed the current state of both markets, as well as efforts by various firms and projects attempting to improve IP (Intellectual Property)-related businesses by integrated blockchain technology.
== Key People ==
*James E. Malackowski is the president and CEO of Ocean Tomo, LLC.
== References ==
Category:Intellectual Capital
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Octaura

Octaura is an electronic trading platform for syndicated loans and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs). It was launched in 2022 by Citi, Bank of America, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley, Wells Fargo and Moody’s Analytics. 
The platform will launch for loans first, with a CLO trading venue to follow and with plans to expand to other products in the credit market later. It will offer straight through processing for trade booking and data and analytics provided by Moody’s.
== History ==
Octaura began as a joint incubation and co-development initiative between Bank of America and Citi, within its SPRINT (Spread Products Investment Technologies) team. It was inspired by Citi’s internal Velocity CLO eBidding platform and BofA’s Instinct Loan Match platform. 
The platform was built in collaboration with Genesis Global, a low-code software development platform for financial markets.
== Products and Services ==
Trading of syndicated loans and collateralized loan obligations
== Key People ==
* Brian Bejile, CEO
== References ==
Octavia Spencer

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Octavia Spencer is an Atlanta-based lawyer who currently holds the position of vice president, associate general counsel & corporate secretary at Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE). In that role, Spencer's main focus is on matters concerning public company compliance and corporate governance. Spencer was named to the role in 2018 at the same time ICE General Counsel Johnathan Short retired and was replaced by Andrew Surdykowski, while Elizabeth King was named ICE chief regulatory officer.
== Background ==
Spencer joined ICE in April 2014, initially assuming the role of associate general counsel & corporate secretary. Before joining ICE, she pursued her legal career as an attorney at McKenna, Long & Aldridge, now Dentons. During her time there, Spencer specialized in corporate law, with a particular emphasis on public company compliance, corporate governance matters, public offerings, private placements, and mergers and acquisitions.
== Education ==
Spencer holds a Juris Doctor from the Duke University School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
== References ==	
Category:Lawyers
Category:Exchange Executives
Off-chain

"Off-chain," as opposed to "on-chain," is a technical term referring to blockchain technology. A piece of technology that is "off-chain" is something that affects how a blockchain manages storage space, processes transactions, or similar functions, but exists as an external piece of technology that does not directly influence the blockchain. In other words, an "off-chain" software function is something that "plugs into" a blockchain to improve its technical capabilities - sort of like how an external hard drive or USB stick improves the memory management capabilities of a desktop computer - as opposed to altering the structure and/or function of the blockchain itself. An example of off-chain technology is the Lightning Network. 
Many cryptocurrency trading platforms conduct many of their transactions off-chain simply by marking their internal ledgers to show transactions between customers. In these cases, often involving retail customers, the customers' cryptocurrencies have been deposited with the platform prior to the transaction and are stored in the platform's wallet. 
== References ==	
Category:Decentralized Applications
Category:Digital Assets
Category:Definitions
Category:blockchain
Category:Distributed ledgers
Category:fintech
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Office of Fair Trading

The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is the UK's consumer and competition authority. Its mission is to make markets work well for consumers.
== History ==
The OFT is a non-ministerial government department established by statute in 1973. It is led by a board consisting of a chairman, an executive director and five non-executive members.
In December of 2009, the OFT said it would drop an investigation into the fairness of bank overdraft charges.
== Products and Services ==
The Office of Fair Trading works to achieve its objectives by:
* Encouraging businesses to comply with competition and consumer law and to improve their trading practices through self-regulation 
* Acting decisively to stop hardcore or flagrant offenders 
* Studying markets and recommending action where required 
* Empowering consumers with the knowledge and skills to make informed choices and get the best value from markets, and helping them resolve problems with suppliers through Consumer Direct. 
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Chairman, Philip Collins 
*Chief Executive, John Fingleton 
== References ==
category:Regulators
Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight

The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) used to be an independent entity within the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It was responsible for ensuring the stability, liquidity, and affordability of the US mortgage market through oversight of two housing government-sponsored enterprises Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac - which together own and/or secure more than 70% of residential mortgage loans in the United States.
On July 30, 2008, it was incorporated into the newly-created Federal Housing Finance Agency.
== References ==
Category:Real Estate
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) was established in 1863 as an independent bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Its primary mission is to charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks and federal savings associations. It also supervises the federal branches and agencies of foreign banks.
 
== History ==
Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the OCC has four district offices plus an office in London to supervise the international activities of national banks.
The OCC's operations are funded primarily by assessments on national banks and federal savings associations. National banks and federal thrifts pay for their examinations, and they pay for the OCC's processing of their corporate applications. The OCC also receives revenue from its investment income, primarily from U.S. Treasury securities.
== Products and Services ==
In regulating national banks and federal thrifts, the OCC has the power to:
*Examine the national banks and federal thrifts;
*Approve or deny applications for new charters, branches, capital, or other changes in corporate or banking structure;
*Take supervisory actions against national banks and federal thrifts that do not comply with laws and regulations or that otherwise engage in unsound practices. Remove officers and directors, negotiate agreements to change banking practices, and issue cease and desist orders as well as civil money penalties;
*Issue rules and regulations, legal interpretations, and corporate decisions governing investments, lending, and other practices.
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
The OCC is headed by the comptroller, who is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a five-year term. The Comptroller also is a director of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and NeighborWorks America. 
== References ==
Offshore bank

An offshore bank is a bank located outside the depositor's country of residence. It is often in a place where taxes are considerably lower (a "tax haven"). They also frequently provide more privacy and easier access to funds than the banks in the depositor's home country, as well as liability protection. 
Most popular "offshore" jurisdictions have a legal system derived from a major western country and greatly favor non-resident corporations.
Some popular tax haven jurisdictions are:
*Antigua
*Bahamas
*Belize
*British Virgin Islands
*Delaware
*Gibraltar
*Guernsey
*Isle of Man
*Jersey
*Liberia
*Mauritius
*Nevis
*Panama
*Turks & Caicos Islands
*Switzerland
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Banks
OhioCrypto.com

Please note, OhioCrypto was shuttered in October 2019 at the direction of the Ohio State Attorney General, Dave Yost, due to several legal failings with the program. 
In November 2018, Ohio became the first U.S. state to accept cryptocurrency in payment of tax obligations when it launched OhioCrypto.com. 
Businesses with tax obligations to Ohio could register with OhioCrypto.com. Registered businesses could send their tax payments in bitcoin to BitPay, an Atlanta, Georgia-based bitcoin payments processor that passed on equivalent U.S. dollars to the Ohio Treasury on behalf of the bitcoin payor. 
Ohio Treasurer Robert Sprague announced in October 2019 that the website would be suspended immediately. He said that the website falls under the definition of a “financial transaction device” and that BitPay should have been authorized by the Board of Deposit, which consists of the Attorney General, Auditor of State, and Treasurer of State. 
== References ==
Category:Ohio
Category:Bitcoin
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Category:payments
Ohio Business Alliance for Higher Education and the Economy

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The Ohio Business Alliance for Higher Education and the Economy is an affiliate of the Ohio Business Roundtable that serves as a catalyst to increase the role of higher education in the state's economy, including increasing the number of degrees awarded in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. It was established in early 2006, and is chaired by Phillip Cox, president of Cox Financial Group in Cincinnati, and Robert Mahoney, chairman emeritus of Diebold Inc.
The creation of the Ohio Business Alliance for Higher Education and the Economy was suggested by a government panel in 2004.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Educators
Okun's law

Typically, growth slowdowns coincide with rising unemployment. This negative correlation between GDP growth and unemployment has been named Okun’s law. Okun's law is named after the economist, Arthur Okun, who first documented the correlation in the early 1960s. 
Part of the appeal of Okun’s law is its simplicity, since it involves two important macroeconomic
variables.
Okun’s law says that, for every 2 percent that real GDP falls below its trend, there will be a 1 percent increase in the unemployment rate.
== References ==
Category:Market Terms
Category:Definitions
Oliver Albers

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Oliver Albers is Nasdaq's executive vice president for Investment Intelligence. He is responsible for fostering growth across Nasdaq's index, data and intelligence business. 
Before, Albers served as senior vice president and head of data for Investment Intelligence, bringing next generation solutions to a market that touches every type of capital market customer.
== Background ==
Albers joined Nasdaq in 2001. He assisted with the launch of the Nasdaq Closing Cross and the subsequent development and distribution of Net Order Imbalance Information. He aided in the strategic development and introduction of Nasdaq Basic and oversaw the launch of Nasdaq Last Sale, which transformed online distribution of stock prices to the public. 
== Education ==
Albers holds a Bachelor in Business Administration from Ohio University and a Masters in Business Administration from The George Washington University.
== References ==
Oliver Harris

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Oliver Harris is an executive director, head of crypto assets strategy at JPMorgan Chase. He was appointed to the newly created role at the bank in May 2018, and also leads the bank's internal blockchain initiative called Quorum. 
Harris is responsible for leading crypto-related projects and blockchain for payments. He reports to the head of blockchain development, Umar Farooq. 
== Background ==
Previously, he led JPMorgan’s In Residence program, which identifies and partners with fintech startups from 2016 to 2018. Before that, he served in strategy and new business development at the bank.
Before joining JPMorgan Chase, he worked as a strategy consultant for Accenture from November 2010 to January 2014 and was an economic reform and governance advisor at Tony Blair Associates from August 2013 to November 2013.
== Education ==
He graduated from the University of Cambridge. 
== References ==
Olivier Hartemann

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Olivier Hartemann is the chief operating officer for Newedge. He was appointed to this role in November 2013.
He was previously the regional chief operating officer for Societe Generale Corporate & Investment Banking in Asia and a member of the executive committee for SG CIB in Asia. Before that he was the chief operating officer for Asia for the bank’s global markets business covering all countries in the region including Japan.
== Background ==
Hartemann started his career in quantitative marketing within consumer finance for DIAC, Franfinance. He then headed the marketing department of the Banques Populaires Group. He joined Societe Generale in 2001 and was appointed as a senior consultant with the bank’s internal consulting group. 
He relocated to Hong Kong in 2004, where he joined DEAI and created the chief operating officer function. He was appointed COO for the bank’s equity derivatives business in 2008.
== Education ==
Hartemann is a graduate of ESSEC Business School, and holds an MBA in Finance and Marketing, Economy.
== References ==