nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Handwave

Handwaving is the act of glossing over a difficult or superfluous component in an argument, by ignoring or distracting from it, and hence treating it as a black box for the purpose of a discussion. It is a metaphor derived from the sleight-of-hand of a conjuror who relies on flamboyant hand movements to distract the audience.
The assumption is that the component in question is either outside the scope of the current discussion or simply doesn't need to be understood by the listener; as a result, while there may be legitimate reasons not to bother with the handwaved topic, handwaving can sometimes be used as a form of misdirection or outright bullshit in order to advance a faulty argument. The term is used in mathematical contexts where important steps are left out so that something is assumed to be true without any rigorous demonstration, which can lead to things being assumed to be true that are in fact unproven and false. In literary or film criticism, it refers to a technique where an author ignores a plot hole and hopes the audience won't notice or tries to get around a plot hole by distraction.
==Examples==
===What we are really interested in...===
==="Just a theory" gambit===
==Skinner constant==
Skinner’s Constant (also known as Flannegan's Finagling Factor) denotes:
There's a great many ideas that would work, if just one important item wasn't completely unknown. For such things, we have the Skinner constant — the mathematical equivalent of a handwave.
==Left as an exercise==
Usually, the term "left as an exercise" (originated in and largely used in mathematical and computer science circles) implies that part of a proof or algorithm is sufficiently elementary as to be either obvious or readily worked out by the reader or student. However, it can be used in two less-than-sensible ways:
#As a potholed introduction to an exceptionally difficult or unsolved problem
#As part of an argument by intimidation
==See also==
*Moving the goalposts
*Escape hatch
*Reiki
*Therapeutic Touch
*Quantum touch
==External links==
*The canonical definition at the Jargon File
==References==
Category:Ad hoc
Hank Hanegraaff

Hank Hanegraaff is the host of the Bible Answer Man radio program. 
He has a reputation as a voice of intelligence and moderation within evangelical Christendom, due to his frequent denunciation of the excesses of the likes of Todd Bentley, Benny Hinn, Bob Larson, Kenneth Copeland, Paul Crouch, and other evangelists of the sensationalistic, name it and claim it persuasion. He was also one of the more vocal skeptics of satanic panic claims, the satanic ritual abuse scare, the militia movement, and the Y2K scare among other things.
His reputation as a voice of moderation unfortunately gives him a platform to promote creationism, intelligent design, global warming denialism and overpopulation denialism, and opposition to any abortion (including birth control pills which he falsely says are a very early-term form of abortion). He also has an annoying tendency to engage in sophistry when callers ask him questions about things Jesus clearly teaches (such as pacifism and voluntary poverty), explaining them away somehow.
During the 2008 election season in an unusual (for Hanegraaff) foray into rank political partisanship, he ran ads on his show beginning, "The Bible is under attack", then playing a sound clip from Barack Obama where Obama asked which part of the Bible is appropriate to base public policy, noting that slavery is condoned in the Old Testament book of Leviticus. Allegedly this was Obama "attacking" the Bible. Hanegraaff did not, strangely enough, include any of the sound bites of John McCain on the same subject. Although he has in the past bent over backwards to keep politics off his show, he blew his cover with that one, which gives one a pretty good indication of what milieu he is operating in.
His views on issues like abortion and creationism are largely a function of the evangelical belief system he comes from; however, he is actually a pretty good source when looking for information refuting some of the wackier claims circulating within Christendom. He splits his time on his radio show between defending things like creationism and Biblical inerrancy on the one hand, and refuting and debunking crank practices and beliefs within evangelical Christianity on the other. In the latter area, at least, he is a good source.
He is president of the Christian Research Institute which he allegedly hijacked on the death of its founder,CRI founder's daughter attacks although his supporters dispute these claims.http://answers.org/newsletters/respkenn.html He is the father of 12 children (9 his own and 3 adopted).
==External links==
*Christian Research Institute
==References==
Category:Anti-abortion activists
Category:Christians
Category:Creationists
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Intelligent design creationism
Category:Living people
Category:Radio
Hans Asperger

Johann "Hans" Friedrich Karl Asperger (18 February 1906 – 21 October 1980) was an Austrian pediatrician, best known for the disorder named after him, was a eugenicist, and was a close collaborator with the Nazi Party, though not officially a member.
==The disorder for which he is known==
Asperger Syndrome (also Asperger Disorder, initially called "autistic psychopathy" by Hans himself) is a part of the autism spectrum. The difference is the level of cognitive neurotypical behavior as opposed to more severe symptoms. In media speak, this is a "mild form" or "high functioning" autism. The difference is such a thin and blurry line that it is truly difficult to know where one begins and the other one ends, which necessitated a 3rd diagnosis, Pervasive Development Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), to catch people with shades of both. In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Revision (DSM-IV) included this as a valid disorder, but in 2013 with the 5th revision (DSM-V), they decided (with some controversy) this wasn't useful or helpful, so it was excised under the general and somewhat narrower label of "Autism Spectrum Disorder" (although anyone diagnosed under the DSM-IV did not have to be re-diagnosed).
==The atrocities for which he should be known==
Hans is far less known for his cooperation with the Nazis in regards to sending what Nazis deem mentally unfit to a death clinic.
Asperger Syndrome, as it seemed to be used during the Holocaust, was more of a classification of the "gifted" and of use to the Third Reich, to protect them from euthanasia.
==References==
Category:Ableism
Category:Autism
Category:Crimes against humanity
Category:Eugenics supporters
Category:Physicians
Hans Blix

Hans Brix Blix (b. 1928) is a Swedish diplomat and politician, a member of the centre-right Liberal People's PartyRemember, centre-right in Europe = godless communist in the United States. and an advocate of nuclear power.
==As seen on TV==
Aside from his 'cameo' in Team America: World Police, Blix is best known for two things:
*His work as Director General of the IAEA during the Chernobyl disaster
*Being the inspector who was sent to Iraq and found that they didn't have weapons of mass destruction after all.
Many in the US scorned him for the latter point, assuming him to be incompetent. And if Dubya, Cheney and Blair actually listened to him,And they really wanted to listen to him: Blix suspected that his home and office were going to be wiretapped, and was proven right. maybe they'd be able to leave their respective countries without almost-constant calls to be tried as war criminals.Hans Blix: Iraq War was a terrible mistake and violation of U.N. charter, CNN
Blix has since been appointed the head of the United Arab Emirates nuclear program.
==External links==
*Where everyone knew him first. Though that's nothing compared to his badass response.
==References==
Category:European politicians
Category:Iraq
Category:Living people
Category:Nuclear energy
Category:United Nations
Hans Eysenck

Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) was a German-born British psychiatrist.
==Racialism==
Eysenck believed race influenced intelligence, arguing that racial intelligence quotient differences were not purely environmental but largely genetic. He wrote:Eysenck, Hans. Race, Intelligence and Education, 1971, London: Temple Smith, p. 130
He further wrote:Eysenck, The Inequality of Man, 1973, London: Temple Smith, pp. 111–12
Eysenck authored a paper for the racist journal Mankind Quarterly.Race and intelligence an alternative hypothesis. mankindquarterly.org.
==Attacks on Freud==
Eysenck helped discredit Sigmund Freud, and wrote a chapter in Uses and Abuses of Psychology and the book Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire to that end.
He wrote a paper in the 1950s that said evidence did not "support the hypothesis that psychotherapy facilitates recovery from neurotic disorder", "Classics in the History of Psychology – Eysenck (1957)". Psychclassics.yorku.ca. 23 January 1952. Retrieved 22 July 2011. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Eysenck/psychotherapy.htm attacking Freud.
==Paranormal==
Eysenck was agnostic, but, as one would imagine a pseudoscientist might, believed in the paranormal.Eysenck, H. J. (1957), Sense and Nonsense in Psychology. London: Pelican Books. p. 131.Eysenck & Sargent (2nd edition, 1993), Explaining the Unexplained. London: BCA, No ISBN. Preface & ff.
==See also==
*Psychology
*Racialism
*Agnosticism
*Paranormal
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Psychologists
Category:Racists
Category:Agnostics
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Racialism pseudoscientists
Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen

Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen , also known as Hans Lysglimt Johansen, is a Norwegian far-right politician, creator and leader of the fringe party Alliansen ("The Alliance") since 2016.
He is a homophobic, sexist, xenophobic, racist Holocaust denier, anti-vaxxer, Islamophobe, antisemite, and climate crisis denier.https://web.archive.org/web/20190705150518/https://twitter.com/LYSGLIMT/status/1146333658338533376https://web.archive.org/web/20190705153708/https://www.reddit.com/r/norge/comments/95laly/leder_i_partiet_alliansen_hans_lysglimt_johansen/ Johansen is also a supporter of accused rapist independent journalist Julian Assange. Besides his all-embracing belief in conspiracy theory and general misanthropy, Johansen believes Norway should leave Schengen/the European Economic AreaJohansen's Twitter profile and pursue a "non-democratic" (presumably fascist) future.Johansen's Twitter feed
Those are the core platforms of Alliansen, which is difficult in practice to distinguish from Johansen himself. In foreign policy, Johansen supports Sweden's fringe Alternativ för Sverige and is a fan of Steve Bannon.
Johansen has also recycled Sylvi Listhaug's meme that suggested that Norway's Labour Party prefers the rights of terrorists to national security,https://web.archive.org/web/20190705145444/https:/twitter.com/HansLysglimt/status/974768238629478402 which was in horrible taste because the Labour Youth were attacked on Utøya by Breivik. He frequently uses alt-right symbology such as groyper memes,https://twitter.com/HansLysglimt/status/836325573861462017 generally supports fringe media like Resett.no, and echoes Trump with phrases like "Norway first."https://web.archive.org/web/20190705145938/https:/twitter.com/HansLysglimt/status/836325469301653504 He has also been praised by the neo-Nazi Nordic Resistance Movement, though he is not a member.Torgeir P. Krokfjord, Dagbladet, https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/kritiserer-negre-og-joder-og-tror-partifeller-er-med-i-fryktet-nazigruppe/68555090, August 6, 2017, accessed June 26, 2019.
==External links==
*Alliansen home page
*Johansen's Facebook page
*Johansen's Twitter account
*Johansen's second Twitter account
*Alliansen's YouTube channel
*Johansen's YouTube channel
*Alliansen Youth Wing Twitter page
*Alliansen Youth Wing Facebook page
*Twitter parody account of Johansen, sometimes hard to tell from the real thing
==See also==
*Document.no
*Fjordman
*Fremskrittspartiet
*Selvstendighetspartiet
*SIAN
*Resett.no
*Stram Kurs
*Peter Sweden
*Sweden Democrats
*Olav Torheim
==References==
Category:Alt-right
Category:Anti-LGBT bigots
Category:Antisemites
Category:Anti-vaccination movement
Category:European politicians
Category:Fascists
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Holocaust denialists
Category:Homophobes
Category:Islamophobes
Category:Living people
Category:Nationalism in Norway
Category:Norway
Category:Sexists
Category:Great Replacement conspiracy theorists
Hard problem of consciousness

The hard problem of consciousness is a problem in philosophy of mind proposed by philosopher David Chalmers:Chalmers, D. "Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies 2(3):200-19, 1995. the question of why any physical state is conscious rather than non-conscious, and why there is any subjective experience at all.
Chalmers holds that materialism, as conventionally interpreted, does not provide sufficient reason why subjectivity and conscious awareness should exist at all. He suggests that even after we have explained the functional, neuronal, and structural properties of the physical brain, we can still meaningfully ask the question, Why is it conscious? Many philosophers take this problem seriously. Physicist James Trefil notes that "it is the only major question in the sciences that we don't even know how to ask."
Other philosophers, e.g. Daniel Dennett, consider the entire issue misconceived.Dennett, D. "Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness." November 10, 1995. Dennett presents the analogous "hard problem of vitalism" — which was only a problem if you first assumed that being alive rather than not alive was irreducible. The question presumes that "we don't know yet" somehow has special implications when it's consciousness in question, even though it doesn't create a particular hard problem for everything else we don't know yet.
Philosophers with an inclination to dualism then start assuming that since the question can be asked, it leads to philosophical zombies, consciousness or qualia as an irreducible basic of the universe (as Chalmers holds), etc. But just because a philosopher isn't personally convinced doesn't say anything about the universe outside his head, because humans are stupid.
==See also==
*Double aspect theory
==References==
Category:Philosophy
Harmonized H2O

Harmonized H2O is the brand name for a purported drinkable sunscreen. It's literally just water. The manufacturer, Osmosis Pur Medical Skincare, claims it works by scalar waves.
Drinkable sunscreen came to press attention in May 2014, just as northern hemisphere summer was approaching, with rewritten press-release articles in the Daily TelegraphCould this be the first drinkable sunscreen? (Rhiannon Edwards, Daily Telegraph, 16 May 2014) and Daily MailWorld's first DRINKABLE sun cream goes on sale - and just a teaspoon will offer three hours' protection (Daily Mail, 19 May 2014) featuring appealing stock photos of women in swimsuits and sunglasses near swimming pools, claiming that drinking a teaspoon of this stuff would offer you the equivalent of SPF 30 protection for up to three hours.
It was not clear at first what was actually being sold (at £17 for 100mL). It soon emerged that this was literally just water. The Osmosis FAQ confirms this.http://www.harmonizedwater.com/FAQ.aspx
The British Association of Dermatologists was contacted by many concerned members of the public, and quickly put out a press release, in which they contacted Osmosis proprietor Ben Johnsonhttps://www.linkedin.com/pub/ben-johnson-md/11/553/346 asking him "what is this shit".http://www.bad.org.uk/for-the-public/skin-cancer/drinkable-sunscreen Johnson confirmed that it was just water, and that as this was a “new science”, and not taught in medical school, most physicians were not open to it. The B.A.D conclude their press release:
Johnson claims the water is "imprinted with scalar waves", and that he has been selling a varietyhttp://www.harmonizedwater.com/RightWater.aspx of allegedly "energised" waters for the past seven years. He claims that "This product is FDA exempt because we are not making SPF claims and we are not affecting the human body" — and that the UVA and UVB rays are cancelled above the skin.http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/blogs/546514/the-real-story-behind-the-new-drinkable-sunscreen.html
Johnson has been involved with a number of other science-defying alternative medical escapades over the years, some of which led to him losing his medical license, as documented by Ministry of Truth.http://www.ministryoftruth.me.uk/2014/05/22/drinkable-sunscreen-doctor-ran-online-pill-mill/
The water has since moved to re-brand to a sugar-added version that can be used as a "detox" treatment for diabetes. Because why claim your pseudoscience does one thing it doesn't when you can claim it does several things it doesn't?
== External links ==
* Harmonized H2O™ — manufacturer's page. Includes photo of Albert Einstein.
* Osmosis Pur Skin Care — you'd almost think they sold something that was anything.
==References==
Category:Water woo
Category:Food woo promoters
Harold Hughes

Harold Hughes was governor of Iowa during the 1960s and a U.S. Senator for one term during the early 1970s. Hughes was a liberal Democrat but also a born again Christian, having recovered from alcoholism and citing his newfound faith and involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous for his recovery. In 1964 he supported Lyndon Johnson for president, and in 1968 supported anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy. Hughes ran for president himself in 1972 and 1976, bowing out early in each race.
==Friendship with Chuck Colson==
Hughes had become a fierce critic of the Vietnam War and later, the Watergate scandal which broke during his term in the Senate. As the Watergate scandal unfolded, Nixon aide Chuck Colson underwent a conversion to evangelical Christianity after reading Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis. This led to a friendship between Hughes and Colson. When a meeting between the two was first suggested, Colson remarked, "Harold Hughes? he considers me the number one menace to America!" but Colson was told that now that he was a born again Christian he would have a lot of new friends on both sides of the aisle due to his conversion. Sure enough, Hughes forgave Colson at the meeting, hugged him and called him brother.
Bottom line, solely because of their shared faith, Hughes turned overnight from one of Colson's fiercest critics in the Senate to one of his fiercest defenders, someone who in his words "will stand with you, defend you anywhere, and trust you with ANYTHING I have."http://www.vop.com/previous_broadcasts/1999/sep/99376.html
==C Street involvement==
Harold Hughes did not run for a second term, instead announcing he would dedicate his activities to "efforts in alcoholism and drug treatment fields, working for social causes and world peace" through a "spiritual approach". This meant founding a religious retreat in Maryland, continuing to work closely with Chuck Colson on evangelistic outreach, and serving as president of the Fellowship Foundation (also known as The Fellowship, The Family, or C Street), a group that has recently come under much scrutiny as a purported evangelical Christian shadow government. C Street has even been glowingly described by Chuck Colson as a "veritable underground of Christ’s men all through the U.S. government.”Colson, Charles. Born Again, Spire Books 1977
==Trivia==
Harold Hughes was the likely model for Senator Davenport in the 1990 movie Air America, a klutzy and not-too-bright liberal midwestern Senator, recovered alcoholic, and born again Christian who was visiting Laos on a fact-finding mission about opium smuggling.
Hughes portrayed himself in the 1978 film Born Again, a biopic of Chuck Colson.
He is also not to be confused with Howard Hughes, the controversial aviator, film producer, and later owner of several Las Vegas casinos.
==References==
Category:Former United States Senators
Category:Former United States Governors
Category:Christians
Category:United States politicians
Category:United States presidential candidates
Harry Houdini

Harry Houdini , born Erik Weisz, later spelled Ehrich Weiss, was one of the world's greatest illusionists and a noted debunker of spiritualists, mediums, and psychics. He is best known as an escape artist, particularly the "water torture" trick where he would escape from inside a locked tank of water while suspended upside down. Houdini took his stage name as an homage to the famous French magician, Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin.
Houdini's quest to expose fraudulent spiritualists began after the death of his mother. Heartbroken, he sought out a medium through which to contact his deceased parent. However, he discovered these mediums to be nothing more than frauds, using some of the same tricks he used on stage to scam innocent people. Houdini then embarked on a journey to debunk mysticism and the occult wherever he found it.http://www.thegreatharryhoudini.com/occult.html
Houdini started a tradition that has been honored by many later stage magicians and illusionists, most notably James Randi and Derren Brown. His debunking activities, where he exposed what he called "humbug", were a direct inspiration for Penn and Teller when they devised Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. (In Houdini's day, "humbug" was the exact equivalent of "bullshit", but today doesn't carry the same force of meaning, so Penn & Teller went with the more up-to-date, if somewhat vulgar, term.)
Perhaps the closest he came to being tricked was in the instance of Mina Crandon. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was easily fooled by her; however, Houdini suspected her of fraud. His hypothesis of how she faked an ectoplasmic hand was not correct, though. Houdini suspected her physician husband had grafted a trachea onto her genitalia to give the appearance of a dead, unworldly hand; biologists, however, determined the hand to be made of animal liver and found no signs of being temporarily surgically attached to Mina Crandon.Brian Righi. (2008). Ghosts, Apparitions and Poltergeists: An Exploration of the Supernatural through History. Llewellyn Publications. p. 52.Variety, Wednesday, January 28, 1925: Houdini-Doyle Slander Suit Afterwards, Houdini even threatened to sue Doyle for slander, because he verbally attacked him in Boston Herald article, January 26, 1925: Margery genuine says Conan Doyle, he scorns Houdini.
==External links==
*A Magician Among the Spirits, a book by Houdini debunking spiritualism and psychics. (Not public domain in the U.S., but it is in Europe and countries where the copyright term is life+70 years or less.)
*Miracle Mongers and Their Methods, by Harry Houdini, which exposes several magic tricks.
==References==
Category:Magicians