nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Vanadium

== Description ==
A ductile metallic element. Vanadium was discovered in 1803 by Andres del Rio, rediscovered in 1831 by Nils Selstrom, and isolated by Henry Roscoe in 1867. It has an abundance of 0.015% in the earth's crust and primarily occurs in the ores patronite, vanadinite, roscoelite, and carnotite. Vanadium is mined in Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Zambia, Italy, Germany, and the U.S. (Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico). The silvery white metal is primarily added to steel to increase rust and wear resistance. Vanadium is also used as a target material for x-rays. Vanadium salts are used as yellow and red colorants in glass and glazes, as UV absorbers, as mordants, and as photographic developers.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Vanadiniteitaly1.jpg~Raman]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
V; Vanadium (Deut., Fr., Ned., Nor.); vanadio (It., Esp.); Vanádio (Port.); Vanadin (Sven.); wanad (Pol.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in hot mineral acids. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	V (atomic no. 23)
CAS 	7440-62-2
Mohs Hardness 	7
Melting Point 	1890-1917 C
Density 	6.11g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 50.9414
Boiling Point 	3000-3400 C
== Risks ==
* Contact and inhalation of dust may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Web Elements: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 859
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 10053
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "vanadium" [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005].
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
Category:Materials database
Vanadium pentoxide

== Description ==
A yellow to red crystalline powder. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a yellow and red colorant in ceramic glazes and textiles. When added to glass, vanadium pentoxide gives it a yellow color and acts as a UV absorber. Vanadium pentoxide also acts as a developer in photographic solutions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vanadic anhydride; divanadium pentoxide; vanadium(V)oxide
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|vanadium pentoxide.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion. 
* Contact causes severe irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in acids and alkalis. Slightly soluble in water, ethanol. 
* Orthorhombic crystals.
Composition 	V2O5
CAS 	1314-62-1
Melting Point 	690 C
Density 	3.357 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 181.88
Boiling Point 	1750 C
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 10056
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 840
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Vanadium tetrachloride

== Description ==
Reddish-brown liquid. Vanadium tetrachloride is used in glassmaking to produce iridescence.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|vanadium tetrachloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vanadium (IV) chloride
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. 
* Corrosive on contact. 
* Nonflammable. 
* Reacts explosively with water or moisture. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in absolute alcohol.
Composition 	VCl4
CAS 	7632-51-1
Melting Point 	-28 C
Density 	1.816 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 192.75
Boiling Point 	148-154 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Vandyke brown

== Description ==
Vandyke Brown, also known as Cassel earth, is a brown, organic humus, peat, or coal that contains iron oxides. It was first used in the 17th century and is still in use. Early sources for Vandyke brown were from the Cologne and Kassel regions of Germany with the regional source providing the pigment name. The brown earth has since been obtained from various localities each of which may differ slightly in color and composition. To add to this confusion some pigments labeled Vandyke brown were bituminous while others were synthetically made from from carbon black and iron oxide mixtures. When natural Vandyke brown is ignited, the pigment leaves a soft gray residue. It is not soluble in petroleum solvents. The colorant has poor lightfastness and fades on exposure to UV radiation.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Van Dyke Brown, MFA Forbes 15.TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
van Dyke Brown; Natural Brown 8; CI 77727; terre de Cologne (Fr.); terre de Cassel (Fr.); brun van Dyck (Fr.); terra di Colonia (It.);terra di Cassel (It.); Van Dyck Braun (Deut.); Kasslerbraun (Deut.); Kasseler Erde (Deut.); Kölnische Erde (Deut.); tierra de Cassel (Esp.); pardo Van Dyck (Esp.); Cassel earth; Cassel's earth; cologne earth; Cassel brown; Kassel earth; ulmin brown; bruno Vandyck; Ruben's brown; coal brown; sap brown dye
== Risks ==
* No significant hazards.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Irregular particle shape with little, if any, birefringence 
* Burns producing a tarry smoke and gray residue. 
* Soluble in alkalis. 
* Fades in sunlight.
* Density = 1.66
* Refractive Index = 1.62-1.69
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.Feller, R.Johnston-Feller, "Vandyke Brown", Artists Pigments, Volume 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. 
* Georgiana Languri, Molecular studies of Asphalt, Mummy and Kassel earth pigments, MOLART report 2004, available through Archetype Publications, London.
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 452
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Website: www.handprint.com
* Pigments through the ages - http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/vandyke.html
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
Category:Materials database
Vandyke red

== Description ==
A bright copper-color pigment composed of copper ferrocyanide. Vandyke red is not widely used because it is toxic and has poor stability. Brownish shades of Vandyke red are called Florentine brown.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Florentine brown; Hatchett's brown; Roman brown
== Risks ==
* Toxic
Category:Materials database
Vandyke umber

== Description ==
A variant of burnt umber that has a similar color hue to Vandyke brown (Mayer 1969). However, Vandyke umber is permanent while Vandyke brown is not.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
van Dyke umber
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Vapona

== Description ==
[Shell] A registered trademark for an insecticide containing dichlorvos as the active ingredient. Vapona® is available as a spray, solid pellets or pest control strips. The strips contain the insecticide dichlorvos coated on a waxy strip encased in a polyvinyl chloride cage-like housing. The dichlorvos slowly evaporates from the strips over a period of 3-4 months providing local area fumigation. Vapona® strips are designed to kill flying insects, such as moths and flies. The use of dichlorvos was restricted in the U.S. in 1995. 
See also dichlorvos, and Vaportape®.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dichlorvos; vapor pest strip
== Risks ==
* May corrode metal in confined spaces. 
* Skin contact is toxic
* Bayer Healthcare: Vapona SDS
==Resources and Citations==
Henckel: Vapona website
Category:Materials database
Vapor permeability

== Description ==
The ability of a material to transmit a vapor or gas. Vapor permeability is measured using water vapor or solvent vapors. Variable partial pressures of the measured component are established on each side of the test material and changes are monitored over time. Vapor permeability is usually given in the units of grams per square meter per day (g/m2.d). This indicates the number of grams of vapor that will pass through a square meter of the test material in one day. The thickness of the test material must be specified. A typical test thickness is 1 mil (1 thousandths of an inch thick). Some vapor permeability measurements are given as cc/m2.d, but in the case of water vapor, one cubic centimeter (cc) is equal to one gram. Vapor permeability is a measure of the affinity of the vapor to the substance and thus the vapors ability to diffuse through the substance. This is different from air or oxygen permeability which is dependent on the porosity of a substance.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dampfdurchlässigkeit (Deut.); perméabilité à la vapeur (Fr.); water vapor permeability
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Vapor pest strip

== Description ==
An insecticide prepared as a time release local fumigant. Vapor pest strips contain the insecticide dichlorvos coated on a waxy strip encased in a polyvinyl chloride cage-like housing. The dichlorvos slowly evaporates from the strips over a period of 3-4 months.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sticky trap; dichlorvos; Vapona [Shell]; Vaponite; Texize; No-Pest® Strips [Spectrum]
== Risks ==
* May corrode metal in confined spaces. 
* Skin contact is toxic
Category:Materials database
Vapor phase corrosion inhibitor

== Description ==
A volatile substance used to minimize corrosion or tarnishing of metals. Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPI) can volatilize at room temperature to form a thin deposition layer on nearby surfaces. Their ability to minimize corrosion was first discovered in the early 1900s, but not commercially applied until the 1950s when it was used by Shell to protect military equipment. Some VPI compounds are nonreactive and simply provide a barrier layer that minimizes oxidation and tarnishing of metals. Other VPI compounds are basic, such as the amines, and react with acids in the environment. The strongly basic compounds (sodium hexametaphosphate, diethylaminoethanol, morpholine, etc.) are used in HVAC and fire suppression systems to minimize pipe corrosion. Some of the less reactive VPI compounds (camphor, benzotriazole, etc.) have been incorporated in anti-tarnish papers or enclosed in storage/display cases.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
VPI; vapour phase inhibitor; volatile corrosion inhibitor; anti-corrosive; antioxidant; camphor; guanidine; benzotriazole
Products: DICHAN [Cortec] (dicyclohexyl amine nitrite) later sold as VPI 260 [Shell] but discontinued due to health concerns
== Risks ==
* May produce an oily film on materials. 
* Many are highly alkaline and hygroscopic (Hatchfield 2002). 
* Some VPI materials are suspected carcinogens
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Dicyclohexyl amine nitrite: Vapor pressure = 0.00013 @ 21C; pH of condensate = 10.0
* Benzotriazole: Vapor pressure = 0.04 @ 20C
* Cyclohexylamine carbonate: Vapor pressure = 0.397 @ 25C
* Morpholine: Vapor pressure = 8.0 @ 20C
==Resources and Citations==
* B.A.Miksic, R.H.Miller, 'The Fundamental Principles of Corrosion Protection with Vapor Phase Inhibitors', 5th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors, Italy, 1980 at Link (contains tables for vapor pressure and pH of selected compounds)
* Wikipedia: Volatile corrosion inhibitor Accessed July 2023
* VCI technical information at http://www.vci2000.com/Technical_Info/technical_info.html
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 67
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* L. Selwyn, 'Historical Silver: Storage, Display and Tarnish Removal', J.IIC-GC, 15, 1990
* Naiemy Tarei Parastoo, Submitted information, May 2005
* History of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors at http://www.cases2go.com/html/vcihistory.html (primarily nitrites)
Category:Materials database
Vaportape

== Description ==
[Hercon Environmental] A registered trademark for a plastic strip insecticide containing dichlorvos as the active ingredient. Vaportape® is a multilayer polyvinylchloride plastic strip that is impregnated with the insecticide dichlorvos. The dichlorvos slowly evaporates from the strips over a period of 3-4 months providing local area fumigation. The strips are designed to kill flying insects such as boll weevils, moths, mosquitoes, and flies. Dichlorvos is restricted for outdoor use only and the tape is the only method for dispensing allowed in the U.S. since 1995. 
See also dichlorvos, and Vapona®.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dichlorvos; vapor pest strip
== Risks ==
* May corrode metal in confined spaces. 
* Skin contact is toxic
* Bayer Healthcare: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
Hercon: Insecticides
Category:Materials database
Varaform

== Description ==
[Runlite SA, Belgium] A brand name for a cotton gauze impregnated with a thermoplastic polyester (polycaprolactone) resin. Formerly called Hexcelite and X-Lite, Varaform was originally developed for setting broken bones. Available in three thicknesses, the material is lightweight and rigid at room temperature but easily formable when softened with a hair dryer or hot water. The reusable material can be cut with scissors and it adheres to itself.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Hexcelite; X-Lite [Sunlite SA, Belgium];
== Risks ==
* Nontoxic
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Softens at 70°C (160°F)
==Resources and Citations==
* P. Hatchfield, M.Svoboda, "A Summary of Recent Information of the Uses and Testing of Resin Impregnated Gauzes" AIC News 38(1):14, 1999. 
* Varaform: website
* Ceramics and Glass Conservation Section, List of Workshop Materials, The British Museum, London
Category:Materials database
Varied carpet beetle

== Description ==
A mottled black, white, and yellow beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. The varied carpet beetle larvae feeds on wool, fur, hair, horn, hides, feathers, spices, drugs, grains, and insect specimens. The adult insects are about 2 to 3 millimeters long and can live up to 39 days. They lay eggs that hatch in 17 to 18 days. The larvae have a black and yellow body that grows in length 4 to 5 mm. The larval stage lasts 222 to 322 days.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Anthrenus verbasci
== Additional Images ==
File:5310089_Var.carpet.beetle_front.jpg|Varied carpet beetle
File:5310090_Var.carpet.beetle_side.jpg|Varied carpet beetle
File:2154097_Var.carpet.beetle_larva.jpg|Varied carpet beetle
==Resources and Citations==
* MuseumPest.net at Link
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
Category:Materials database
Varnish

== Description ==
Any transparent protective or decorative coating. Varnishes are composed of a resin dissolved in a liquid which dries to form a hard glassy film. Varnish recipes from the 9th century contained a natural resin, such as myrrh, rosin, mastic resin, or sandarac, dissolved in hot linseed oil. Oil varnishes formed dark, strong, insoluble films. By the early 16th century, spirit varnishes are used. Spirit varnishes contained a natural resin dissolved in an evaporating solvent, such as ethyl alcohol or turpentine (oil). By the 19th century, spirit varnishes containing mastic and dammar were commonly used for picture varnishes while shellac varnishes were used for furniture finishes. By the mid 20th century, synthetic resin varnishes were used for many types of coatings. Examples of synthetic varnishes are acrylic resin, alkyd resin, polycyclohexanone, polyvinyl acetate, and polyurethane.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
varnishes (pl.); vernis (Fr.); barniz (Esp.); vernice (It) 
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Kirby, "Varnish" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996.
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: J.Kirby, "Varnish"
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Varnolene

== Description ==
An old brand name for a general purpose petroleum based solvent. Varnolene was used for paints and varnishes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
varnoline; white spirit
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 526
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Vaseline

== Description ==
[Unilever] A registered trademark for a translucent white, petroleum jelly. Vaseline® was first manufactured in 1870 by an English-born chemist Robert Chesebrough. It is composed of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons ranging from about C15 to C20. Vaseline® is used as an ointment, lubricant, water repellent, release agent, and temporary adhesive. It is not recommended for contact with any art object.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiVASELINE.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
petrolatum; petroleum jelly; mineral jelly; vaselina (Esp.)
==Risks==
* Sigma Aldrich: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in benzene, turpentine and petroleum solvents. Insoluble in water.
Melting Point	40-50 C
Density 	0.820-0.865 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Unilever: Vaseline
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 594
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Website: www.lib.utexas.edu/lib/eng/timline/postmod/brands.html
Category:Materials database
Vat dye

== Description ==
A class of water-insoluble dyes that are applied to textiles in a reduced, usually colorless, water-soluble form. Once applied, the dye is oxidized to an insoluble colored form. Natural vat dyes, such as indigo, woad, and Tyrian purple, have been used for at least 4000 years. The first synthetic vat dye (indigo) was discovered in 1880 by Adolf von Baeyer. In 1901, indanthrene was the first vat dye to be sold commercially. In general, vat dyes are very resistant to washing and sunlight. They are used on cotton, linen, Rayon, and cellulose acetate. Other examples of vat dyes include several anthraquinone derivatives such as synthetic alizarin and alizarin yellow.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vat dyes (pl.); carbonyl dyes; colorante a la tina (Esp.); corante de tina (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Judith H. Hofenk de Graaff, The Colourful Past: Origins, Chemistry, and Identification of Natural Dyestuffs, Archetype, London, 2004
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "vat dye." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 21 Dec. 2004 . gives date of first synthesis as 1880 by von Bayer
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Comment: gives date of first synthesis as 1879 by Adolf Bayer
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 284
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Vaterite

== Description ==
A rare crystalline form of calcium carbonate that is composed of at least two different coexisting crystallographic structures. The major form exhibits hexagonal symmetry, while the minor form occurs within the nanodomains of the major matrix. Vaterite can occur as a biomineral in fish often formed by the dehydration of amorphous calcium carbonate. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vaterite (Port.); Vaterit (Deut.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Hexagonal crystal system. 
* Reacts with acids to evolve carbon dioxide
Composition 	CaCO3
Morphology 	Thin fibers, spherulitic aggregates
Color 	Colorless
Streak 	White
Mohs Hardness 	3
Density 	2.54 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.550, 1.650
Birefringence 	0.10
==Resources and Citations==
* Mindat: Vaterite Accessed April 2024
* R. Gettens, E. West Fitzhugh, R.Feller, "Calcium Carbonate Whites", Artists Pigments, Vol. 2., A. Roy ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.
* Mineralogy Database: Vaterite
Category:Materials database