nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Red-Letter Christians

Red-Letter Christians are loosely-associated progressive Christians who take their name from Red-Letter editions of the Bible, in which passages attributed directly to Jesus are written in red characters.
==Beliefs==
Red-Letter Christians feel that the current Christian denominations are rooted in politics rather than in the words and actions of Jesus. These Christians believe that what Jesus said is paramount to God's message, while the rest of the Bible is supplementary. They focus on the words and actions of Jesus rather than on the moralizing of much of Paul and the Old Testament, leading them to a religion that focuses on social justice.Red-Letter Christians say they are neither Democrats nor Republicans, though they appear at least to one author closer to the Democratic Party. When Red Is Blue
== Issues ==
This is not to say that Red-Letter Christians are apolitical. In fact, they use their reading of Scripture to inform a generally liberal political agenda that emphasises social justice. The movement believes that Christians should be focused on things like eliminating poverty rather than worrying about abortion or homosexuality — subjects that Jesus never got around to addressing personally. They oppose racial discrimination, discrimination against women, capital punishment, etc. The social issues valued by Red-Letter Christians include:
* Fighting poverty in the USA and the Third World
* Stronger gun controlWhy This Christian Will Never Own a Gun
* Caring for the environment and fighting global warming
* Advancing peace
* Promoting strong families
* Supporting a consistent ethic of lifeCelebration 40 Years of Faith in Action for Social Justice;What's a 'Red-Letter Christian'?;Who Are Red Letter Christians?
==Red-Letter Bibles==
Red-Letter Bibles are intended to place an emphasis on the assumed "actual" words of Jesus, rather than the potential historical politicization of those words in the narratives, or of the words of Paul or of the Old Testament. They are not, themselves, a separate interpretation of the Bible, nor are they a new translation. Red-letter versions of King James, the Revised Standard Edition, New International Edition, and even the Simplified English Bible are all available.
There are many problems with attempts to highlight Jesus's words, including the fact that the existent ancient texts do not include quotation marks, so knowing when the author is quoting Jesus, rather than adding his or her own opinion, is hardly clear.
Beyond that, the question of what Jesus might have actually said, which has been brought up often by groups like the Jesus Seminar in their search for a "historical Jesus", suggests that the words attributed to Jesus in the Bible were more likely contemporary political and religious discourses put into the mouth of the Jesus character — as Jesus most certainly did not have a secretary taking notes every time he spoke. This means that the entire goal of "moving away from the politicization" of the Bible is not much helped by "red letters".
==See also==
*Gospel of Thomas
*Jefferson Bible
*New Testament
*Q gospel
==References==
Category:Christianity
Red Lynx

Red Lynx is a population genetics simulator written in client-side Javascript by Dr. Reed A. Cartwright. It involves the manipulation of a number of evolutionary forces to explore their effects on the proportion of two alleles –A and a– in the population.The cartwrig.ht page
==Variables==
The user has control over a number of variables in the simulation:
Name 	Description 	Minimum Value	Maximum Value
Generations 	The number of generations that the simulation runs for 	0 	10000
Population Size 	The size of the population in the simulation 	10 	1000000
Initial Frequency 	The initial frequency of allele A 	0% 	100%
Selection Strength 	The selection strength in favour of allele A 	-1 	1
Dominance 	How dominant allele A is 	-2 	2
A → a Mutation Rate 	The chance of A mutating into a 	0 	.01
a → A Mutation Rate 	The chance of a mutating into A 	0 	.01
Migration Rate 	The rate of migration into the system being modelled 	0% 	100%
Migrant Allele Frequency	The percentage of migrating organisms that carry the allele A	0% 	100%
==Examples==
===Default settings===
Under the default settings, the frequency of A is set at 50% and there is no selection pressure. You can experiment with unadulterated Genetic drift, like so:
You can then alter the population size and number of generations, to see how they change what is observed.
===Selection pressure===
By decreasing the initial frequency down to 1%, increasing the selection pressure to, say, 10-3 (1.e-3) and raising both the population and the number of generations to their maximums you can see (after a possibly considerable wait) the shape of the curve produced by the action of positive selection from a small starting population:
==See also==
*Cellular automaton
==External links==
*Use Red Lynx on:
**Cartwrig.ht
**The Panda's Thumb
==References==
Category:Evolution
Category:Creationism
Category:Genetics
Category:Biology
Category:Science
Red pill

The terms red pill and blue pill originated in the film The Matrix (1999). In the film, "taking the red pill" means choosing to break out of the virtual reality dreamworld in which humanity has been imprisoned by their robot overlords, while "taking the blue pill" means remaining a literal slave to the machine. In political contexts, "taking the red pill" has come to mean "waking up" and refusing to be one of the sheeple, which usually involves rejecting accepted science or basic human decency.
Ironically, the original film is an allegory for gender transition, the red pill itself being the decision to come out as trans.The Matrix is a 'trans metaphor', Lilly Wachowski says (7 August 2020) BBC. The Wachowskis, the writers and directors of The Matrix, did in fact undergo gender transition several years after the film was released.Lilly Wachowski Acknowledges Re-Examination of The Matrix With Lens Focused on Transness by Jessica Lachenal (Apr 5th, 2016, 5:04 pm) The Mary Sue.
This can specifically refer to:
*"Blue pill" used in the manosphere
*"Red pill" used in the manosphere
*"Red pill" used in the alt-right
*"Red pill" used in flat Eartherism
*"Peak trans," the same concept in TERF and transphobe spheres
==References==
Category:Transgender
Category:Misnomers
Reductio ad absurdum (français)

La locution latine Reductio ad absurdum désigne la réduction à l'absurde d'une hypothèse ou d'un argument en poussant les conclusions jusqu'à un certain niveau où elles deviennent impossible à soutenir (car contradictoires), invalidant ainsi l'assertion.
Ce raisonnement trouve ces racines dans la méthode de Socrate, il a été utilisé tout au long de l'histoire des mathématiques, de la logique et de la philosophie.
Pour donner un exemple, discréditer la théorie de la mémoire de l'eau soutenue par les homéopathes en indiquant que si l'eau avait une mémoire, alors n'importe quelle eau effectivement trouvée dans la nature aurait déjà acquise toute les propriétés bénéfiques comme néfaste est une forme de reductio ad absurdum.
==Validité et usage fallacieux==
L'utilisation de reductio ad absurdum est valide logiquement pour peu que l'argument/l'hypothèse rendue absurde soit effectivement présent dans la thèse réfutée (sinon paralogisme de l'homme de paille).
L'argumentum ad consequetiam ressemble au reductio ad absurdum sauf que la conséquence n'est pas absurde, elle est juste néfaste d'une manière ou d'une autre, est n'est donc pas valide pour établir des vérités.
==Dans les mathématiques==
Dans les mathématiques et en logique formelle, le reductio ad absurdum, aussi connu sous le nom de preuve ou de raisonnement par l'absurde est l'établissement de la vérité d'une propriété en montrant que sa négation aurait des conséquences absurdes.
((\lnot A \rightarrow B) \land \lnot B) \rightarrow A
(Non A implique B et non B implique A)
C'est une méthode de preuve clef depuis Euclide.
exemple :
hypothèse à démontrer : le seul ensemble tel que tous les éléments lui appartenant ne lui appartiennent pas (A) est l'ensemble vide
Soit S un ensemble vérifiant A, on suppose S non vide, alors il existe x appartenant à S et n'appartenant pas à S, donc S doit être vide, donc l'hypothèse est démontrée.
==Voir aussi==
===Versions en autres langues===
Category:français
Category:Arguments
Category:Latin phrases
Category:logique
Reflexology

thumb|250px|right|A reflexologist catcher's mitt, depicting which areas the coins from the patient's pockets need to hit to score maximum income.
Reflexology is the belief that massaging specific areas of the feet or hands can cure diseases or relieve pain in other parts of the body. Allegedly, different areas of the feet correspond to different parts of the body. To relieve pain or heal a disease, reflexologists massage the area of the foot that supposedly corresponds to the part of the body in question. There isn't any proof that this is true.
Reflexology is based on the belief that the human body contains an energy field called "Qi". Practitioners claim to manipulate the fundamental "life energy" "Qi" through reflexology techniques. This claim has no scientific basis. An alternate claim is that nerve channels going to the various parts of the body are also additionally used in the foot—that is, the brain is wired in such a way that the nerves in the toes are treated the same as the nerves on the head. 
Systematic reviews have not found reflexology to be effective at treating anything except sore or cold feet.Ernst E (2009). "Is reflexology an effective intervention? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials". Med. J. Aust. 191 (5): 263–6. PMID 19740047.Ernst E, Posadzki P, Lee MS (2011). "Reflexology: an update of a systematic review of randomised clinical trials". Maturitas 68 (2): 116-20. PMID 21111551. It's also likely to get you thrown out of a fourth story window if you give it to a gangster's wife.
You can buy reflexology charts and cards in health food stores that purport to show which parts of the feet correspond to which parts of the body. Certain brands of shoes even come with insoles displaying reflexology charts corresponding to parts of the body reflexology supposedly cures.Carousell - Authentic Gibi School Shoes Genuine Leather The funny thing is that none of these charts agree with each other. The churlish and closed-minded might infer from this that they were all made up.
==Zone therapy==
Zone therapy is a simple therapy wherein the body is divided by vertical lines into five zones on the left side and five zones on the right side. The primary areas of treatment are the fingers and toes, with each digit corresponding to a different zone on the body as seen here and here.
==See also==
*Quantum healing
*Acupuncture
*Pseudoscience
==References==
Category: Alternative medicine
Category:Chinese medicine
Category:Manipulative therapy
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Woo
Reform Section 5

Reform Section 5, also known as Feel Free to Insult Me, was a successful British campaign dedicated to the reform of Section 5 of the 1986 Public Order Act. It was launched in May 2012.http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2012/may/16/why-insults-are-political-issue They succeeded, and insulting is no longer illegal under the Public Order Act.RS5 AMENDMENT WILL COME INTO FORCE IN FEBRUARY
In its problematic form, Section 5 contained the following text:
The aim of Reform Section 5 was to have the word "insulting" removed from this definition, on the grounds that legislation against insulting people violates the principle of free speech.http://reformsection5.org.uk/faq/
The campaign had supporters from both the left and right. Among them were Peter Tatchell, who was previously arrested under this section of the Act; the National Secular Society; the Christian Institute and Big Brother Watch.
In December 2013, the Reform Section 5 campaign announced that the Home Office had removed ‘insults’ from Section 5 of the Public Order Act. The amended act came into force on February 1, 2014.http://reformsection5.org.uk/2013/12/rs5-amendment-will-come-into-force-in-february/
==See also==
* Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006
==External links==
* Official website
==References==
Category:British politics
Category:Freedom of speech
Regent University

Regent University, self-proclaimed as "America's Preeminent Christian University,"Regent University homepage is a fundamentalist school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Regent University was founded in 1978 by televangelist Pat Robertson as an extension of his Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN). The university's official name was CBN University until 1990.Regent University history. regent.edu. Retrieved on 27 September 2015. Regent University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award associates, baccalaureate, masters, and doctorate degrees.Regent University Accreditation. regent.edu. Retrieved on 27 September 2015. 
Regent University offers more than 30 undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. Non-fundamentalists might find some of the graduate degrees in non-religious fields troubling, especially those offered by something called the Robertson School of Government.Regent University's Robertson School of Government. regent.edu. "Can you envision yourself working at the White House, Capitol Hill or in some other form of public service? We prepare people just like you for careers in public service and administration. Our mission is to train leaders who desire to strengthen the ethical and moral foundation of Judeo-Christian principles in government, and who are called to preserve individual freedom, representative democracy and constitutional government. Retrieved on 27 September 2015.
==Ties to Bush Administration Justice Department==
In 2007, the Regent University School of Law came under scrutiny during the investigation of the U.S. Justice Department attorney firing scandal. Just before the 2006 elections, several Justice Department attorneys were fired, allegedly for prosecuting Republican Party candidates or refusing to trump up charges against Democratic Party candidates. Many of the lawyers who replaced them graduated from Regent University School of Law, established in 1986 to bring pro-Christian "balance" to the perceived liberal leanings of the American justice system. As of April 2007, the Justice Department employed about 150 Regent Law graduates."Who's the Boss? How Pat Robertson's law school is changing America." Slate.com, 7 April 2007 This troubles many who consider Regent University School of Law to be a "fourth tier law school""US News Tiers" (U.S. News and World Report's four-tier law school rankings.) University of Dayton Website "How a 'fourth tier' religious law school infiltrated the US Government." Times of London website, 5 July 2007 where students are more likely to discuss sin than the Constitution in Constitutional Law class."Scandal puts spotlight on Christian law school: Grads influential in Justice Dept." Boston Globe website, 8 April 2007 
==External links==
*Regent University
==References==
Category:Fundamentalist Christian organizations
Category:Fundie schools
Category:Pseudoscience promoting organizations
Regression fallacy

A regression fallacy is a logical fallacy that occurs when an extreme value of some randomly varying event (something exceptional) is accepted as the normal value, and so when the value regresses to the mean, this change is believed to have been caused by some other event.
The fallacy is a causation fallacy and an informal fallacy.
==Example==
: "Approximately 3,000 people were killed in the U.S. due to terrorism in 2001. There were twelve such deaths in 2002. This shows that techniques to prevent terrorism were massively improved after 2001."
This is fallacious. Historically, deaths due to terrorism in the U.S. are rare events, and therefore, after a major spike in the statistics, it is to be expected that there is a regression toward the mean: that the next year's figures would be more like the historical norm.
==Explanation==
In general, moving from a mere statistical correlation (or negative correlation) to proof of cause and effect is tricky. In the above example, anti-terrorist measures may indeed have played a role in preventing major attacks in 2002, but the statistics alone are only very weak evidence for this.
==See also==
*Correlation does not imply causation
==External links==
*
Category:Causation fallacies
Relativist fallacy

The relativist fallacy (or subjectivist fallacy) is a logical fallacy that occurs when it is asserted that some fact may be true for some people but not true for others.
Epistemic relativism, moral relativism, or cultural relativism are not necessarily relativistic fallacies. Relativistic fallacies only occur when someone uses a mid-argument, ad hoc switch to a relativistic view of truth in order to defend some position, which they had previously asserted was objective. It is commonly used to defend beliefs that are based on subjective experiences (such as the efficacy of prayer or homeopathy).
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
==Form==
At heart, the relativist fallacy adopts a purely subjective view of truth, in that only what someone thinks is true can be said to be true, and it is impossible to prove otherwise (i.e., is unfalsifiable). This leads to the syllogism:
Or in conversation:
==Explanation==
If someone said that "the world is round", and someone else said that "that might be true for you, but not for me", then the second person would appear to be living on a different world than the rest of the human race (perhaps literally). The second person appears to be ignoring all evidence for a round world, and thus holding a fallacious position.
More commonly, this tactic is used to defend beliefs when someone realizes that there is a critical problem with their position, but doesn't want to recognize it.
==Demarcation==
When people say "X is true for me", they often truly mean "X is true about me". For example: if Ann, a 4-foot-tall dwarf miner, weighs 200 pounds, she is overweight. If Bob, an 8-foot-tall ogre lord, weighs the same, then he is underweight. Because these facts are subjective, it is not fallacious to consider them as such.
==See also==
*Not even wrong
*Wronger than wrong
==External links==
*Relativist Fallacy, Nizkor Project
*Subjectivist, IEP
*That might be true for you, but it's not true for me, Iron Chariots
*That might be true for you, but it's not true for me, W. Russ Payne
==References==
Category:Informal fallacies
Relevance logic

Relevance logic, also known as relevant logic, is a group of systems of non-classical logic which attempt to resolve the paradoxes of the conditional.Some authors refer to them as ‘paradoxes of material implication’, but this is a use-mention confusion: ‘implication’ is a concept that belongs to the metalanguage where it is mentioned— not used. Implication is generally explicated as syntactic entailment or semantic entailment.
The classical definition of the conditional ‘if p, then q’ is truth-functional: only the truth values of the antecedent ‘p’ and the consequent ‘q’ matter. The conditional is false, if and only if , ‘p’ is true and ‘q’ is false. Furthermore, if ‘p’ is false and ‘q’ is true then the conditional is still true, this is called a vacuous truth. For example, the following is true according to material implication: "If the Earth has two moons, then JFK was never assassinated". Since the antecedent is false, the conditional is true, regardless of the truth or falsehood of the consequent. However, most would say, intuitively, that this implication is false, since the two statements have nothing to do with each other. Relevance logic attempts to capture formally this intuitive idea, that the premises must be relevant to the conclusion for the conditional to be true. But as a result, the relevant conditional is not truth-functional: the truth or falsehood of the antecedent and consequent does not determine whether the conditional is true.
One attempt to form a notion of implication which better reflects our naive ideas of the meaning of "implies" is strict implication. Strict implication interprets "A implies B" as meaning "necessarily, A implies B", or "in all possible worlds, A implies B". Whereas material implication would consider "If the Earth has two moons, then JFK was never assassinated" true, strict implication would suggest that statement is false, since (arguably) there is some possible world in which the Earth had two moons, yet the JFK assassination still happened.Also, if, somehow, in the real world it turned out that there was a second moon all along and we just missed it, it wouldn't raise JFK from the dead. But, consider another statement "If 1+1=3, then JFK was never assassinated". Strict implication would consider this true, since the same statement (interpreted according to material implication) is true in all possible worlds, since there is no possible world in which 1+1=3 was true. But relevant implication would reject that implication as false, since the premise is irrelevant to the conclusion. Thus may relevant and strict implication be distinguished.
== Notes ==
==See also==
*Non sequitur
Religion of Peace

"The Religion of Peace" is a phrase often used to describe Islam. It is widely used as an ironic snarl term by people who believe that Islam is anything but peaceful.
==Origins==
The phrase appears to have been coined by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Bin Mohamad, who stated in 2002 that "Islam does not promote terrorism. Islam is a religion of peace."Islam, Terrorism and Malaysia's Response A very similar statement was made by George W. Bush the previous year, however, when he argued that "Islam is peace. These terrorists don't represent peace."http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.html
Despite the Bush connection, literal (as opposed to ironic) usage of the phrase appears to be generally attributed to the political left.
==Other Religions of Peace==
In deciding whether Islam is a religion of peace or not, it is instructive to compare the history of Islam and pacifistic Muslim sects such as the Ahmadiyya and the Mouride Sufi order with that of the traditional peace churches whose members similarly renounce war entirely, such as the Amish and other Mennonite sects, as well as the Quakers. Notably, both the Ahmadiyyas and the Sufis are considered apostate by many other Muslims. On the other hand, the most well-known Quaker is one Richard N from California, and the Mennonites had to repeatedly flee "Christian" rulers who wanted to force them into military service or worse. This is one of the reasons why people in quaint clothing with a fair complexion speaking a Germanic language are a rather common sight in Belize.
Buddhism is often reckoned a religion of peace, but Buddhist monks have been involved in the persecution of Muslims in Myanmar and as well as supporting Japanese militarism in World War II."Fear, shock among Sri Lankan Muslims in aftermath of Buddhist mob violence", CNN, June 24, 2014
Christianity is sometimes claimed to be a religion of peace, a statement often greeted with rolled eyes since Christianity's history in this regard is as much a mixed bag (if not more, considerating Christianity predates Islam by several centuries) as Islam's.
==References==
Category:Islam
Category:Islamophobia
Category:Religion