nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
IMC (formerly IPCR)

= Instituto dos Museus e da Conservacao (formerly Instituto Portugus de Conservacao e Restauro) =
"A criao do Instituto dos Museus e da Conservacao (IMC) aprovada pelo Decreto-Lei 97/2007, de 31 de Maro, resulta da fuso do Instituto Portugus de Museus, criado pelo Decreto-Lei n 278/91, de 9 de Agosto, com o Instituto Portugus de Conservacao e Restauro, criado pelo Decreto-Lei n 342/99, de 25 de Agosto. A juno, num mesmo instituto, de competncias na rea dos museus e na rea da conservao e restauro do patrimnio cultural mvel, resulta da necessidade de concentrar servios mas, ao mesmo tempo, da vontade de dar condies ao IMC para que, de forma crescente e progressiva, se v afirmando cada vez mais como um servio de referncia, normativo e regulador, difusor de boas prticas e novas metodologias, em ambas as reas." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.imc-ip.pt
Postal Address 	Instituto dos Museus e da Conservacao
Palcio Nacional da Ajuda Ala Sul - 4 Andar
1349 - 021 Lisboa
Portugal
Phone 	21 365 08 00
Fax 	21 364 78 21
Contact 	contactos@ipmuseus.pt
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages	Portugese
== Comments ==
Periodicals: Conservao & Restauro (table of contents available online) 
Databases (online): Imagens (searchable) and Bibliteca (searchable)Category:Directory
IMLS

= Institute of Museum and Library Services =
IMLS is a federal grant-making agency that promotes leadership, innovation, and a lifetime of learning by supporting the nation's museums and libraries. Created by the Museum and Library Services Act of 1996, P.L. 104-208, IMLS administers the Library Services and Technology Act and the Museum Services Act. (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.imls.gov/
Postal Address 	Institute of Museum and Library Services 
1800 M Street NW, 9th Floor
Washington, DC 20036-5802 USA
Phone 	+1 202 653 4657
Fax 	+1 202 653 4600
Contact 	imlsinfo@imls.gov
Information Online	Grants / funding
Grant forms available online
Publishes newsletter
Archived information
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Grant / funding organization
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Search provided through firstgov but can be limited to grant or to the IMLS website; contains archives of previously awarded grants, upcoming conferences, publications funded through grants; funding forms available online with completed examples; related links; Newsletter called Primary SourceCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Grant / funding organization
IPCL

= Istituto Centrale del Patologia del Libro =
The Istituto centrale di patologia del libro (IPCL) is a branch of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities. IPCL's chief function is to carry out research aimed at the protection, restoration and conservation of library materials. The Institute was founded in 1938 on the initiative of Alfonso Gallo with a view to uniting scientific disciplines with the historical study of library materials. This policy has been revitalized and further developed from the 1980s onwards by means of a discipline - the archaeology of the book - the object of which is to reconstruct the material culture that presided over the manufacture of antique books. Research activities are carried out in close collaboration with the principal national and international institutes operating in this sector: Il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), universities, and the principal foreign organizations committed to knowledge and conservation of antique and modern books. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.patologialibro.beniculturali.it/
Postal Address 	Istituto Centrale di Patologia del Libro 
Via Milano
Roma
Italy
Phone 	(+39) 06482911
Fax 	(+39) 064814968
Contact 	patlib@tin.it
Information Online	Technical information
Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Publishes journal
Books / brochures / articles
Publication sold online
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
Italian
== Comments ==
Two periodicals: CABnewsletter (bi-monthly) and QUINIO (annual). 
A series called "Addenda" has produced Storia del restauro librario (1992), La legatura medievale (1993), Terminologia del libro manoscritto (1996), La carta occidentale nel tardo Medioevo (2001) and Paper as a Medium of Cultural Heritage (2004). 
Several research projects are described online including Con Be Lib skills map (www.conbelib.org).Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
IPHE

= Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España (Institute of the Cultural Heritage of Spain)=
"El Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de Espana (IPCE) tiene determinadas sus funciones por la normativa vigente, que define a este organismo como responsable de: 
- La elaboracin y ejecucin de planes para la conservacin y restauracin de los bienes muebles e inmuebles constitutivos del Patrimonio Cultural Espanol. 
- El establecimiento de las lneas prioritarias de investigacin en criterios, mtodos y tcnicas de conservacin y restauracin de dicho Patrimonio. 
- El archivo y sistematizacin de los trabajos realizados en cada caso concreto. La formacin de tcnicos y especialistas que atiendan a los fines del Instituto. 
- La promocin y fomento de los proyectos de investigacin arqueolgica espaola en el exterior." (from website)
Web Address 	http://ipce.mcu.es
Postal Address 	Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de Espana
El Greco 4
Ciudad Universitaria
28040 Madrid
Phone 	91 550 44 00
Fax 	91 550 44 44
Contact 	subdireccion.iphe@dgbar.mcu.es
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages	Spanish
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
IPI

= Image Permanence Institute =
"The Image Permanence Institute (IPI) is a university-based nonprofit research laboratory devoted to scientific research in the preservation of visual and other forms of recorded information. IPI is the world's largest independent laboratory with this specific scope. IPI was founded in 1985 through the combined efforts and sponsorship of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and the Society for Imaging Science & Technology (IS&T)." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.rit.edu/~661www1/
Postal Address 	Image Permanence Institute
Rochester Institute of Technology
70 Lomb Memorial Drive
Rochester, NY 14623-5604
USA
Phone 	+1 585 475 5199
Fax 	+1 585 475 7230
Contact 	ipiwww@rit.edu
Information Online	Technical information
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Membership / staff directory
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
IPS

= AMIGOS Image & Preservation Service =
"The Amigos Imaging & Preservation Service (IPS) is a non-profit, grant-funded service that provides preservation information, support, and training to librarians and archivists in the southwestern United States, primarily the states of Arizona, Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Established in 1991 with a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, IPS began by documenting the preservation needs of libraries and archives in the Southwest. Today, IPS provides information, disaster planning and recovery assistance, training, and site surveys. It develops state and local cooperative networks while serving as an advocate for preservation regionally and nationally."(from website) IPS is a part of the larger Amigos Library Services that began in 1974 as the Amigos Bibliographic Council.
Web Address 	http://www.amigos.org/preserve.html
Postal Address 	Amigos Image & Preservation Service
Amigo Library Services
14400 Midway Road
Dallas, Texas 75244-3509USA
Phone 	+1 800 843 8482
Fax 	+1 972 991 6061
Contact 	amigos@amigos.org
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Archived information
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Newsletter (monthly) - Amigos Agenda & OCLC Connecction (AAOC): available online, back issues to 1999 
Newsletter (quarterly in Spanish) - Que Pasa?: past issues viewable online as pdf files back to 1999 
Internet News list (weekly) - Amigos-Now: past postings are archived online
Training Info bulletin (quarterly) Training News: viewable online, back issues to 2000Category:Directory
IRIS

= Integrated Research Information System =
The Integrated Research Information System (IRIS) is an online catalogue for the Research Library of the Getty Research Institute. The IRIS database contains over 500,000 bibliographic records for the 800,000 volumes of books, serials, and auction catalogs in the general and special collections, as well as descriptive records of approximately 3,000 archival and photographic collections.
Web Address 	http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/iris/
Postal Address 	The Getty Research Institute
1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100
Los Angeles, CA 90049-1688 USA
Phone 	+1 310 440 7335
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Bibliographic information
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Bibliographic information
IRUG

= Infrared and Raman Users Group =
The Infrared and Raman Users' Group (IRUG) is an international non-profit organization "dedicated to the professional development of its members by providing a forum for the exchange of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic information, reference spectra and materials. IRUG is composed primarily of individuals within the art conservation and historic preservation fields who use IR and Raman spectroscopy to study the world's cultural heritage. ... The collaborative IRUG Database is a compilation of more than 1000 infrared spectra of oils, waxes, natural and synthetic resins, pigments, proteins, gums, dyes and natural minerals in digitized (JCAMP.dx) and hard copy formats. " (extracted from website).
Web Address 	www.irug.org
Information Online	Technical information
Conferences / seminars
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Technical info
Membership organization
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Searchable access to IR spectra. Members can directly upload spectra.Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Technical info
Category:Directory: Membership organization
ISAC (CNR)

= Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate =
The Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate is part of the National Research Council (CNR) and conducts pure and applied research on atmospheric sciences and the climate system. The mission within CNR is to improve our knowledge of the atmospheric and climate processes of the planet Earth and at the same time to produce results directly transferrable to the Italian society and generally beyond the national borders. (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.isac.cnr.it/index.php
Postal Address 	Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Via P. Gobetti
101 - 40129 Bologna
ITALY
Phone 	051 639 9640
Fax 	051 639 9658
Searchable 	No
Website Languages	English
Italian
Category:Directory
ISCR

= Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro (ISCR, formerly ICR) (Higher Institute for Conservation & Restoration) =
The Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro (ISCR, formerly ICR) was founded in 1939. The tasks of the I.S.C.R. are as follows: a) to carry out systematic investigations according to the influence of the various environmemntal factors, natural or accidental, that exercise a process of deterioration; also on the means to prevent and inhibit the effects; b) to carry out the necessary investigations for the formulation of rules and of the relative specific techniques of restoration of conservation interventions; c) to render scientific and technical advice to the peripheral bodies of the Ministry and of the Regions; d) to provide the teaching of restoration, particularly to the scientific-technical staff of Administration and of updating courses to the same State Administrative staff and to the Regional Administration should they require this; e) to carry out particularly complex restoration interventions or those corresponding to research necessities or to research aims or to didactic aims (from website).
Web Address 	http://www.icr.beniculturali.it/
Postal Address 	
Via di San Michele, 23
00153 Roma
Phone 	06 67236300
Contact 	is-cr.direzioneamministrativa@beniculturali.it
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / Conservation / Training
Website Languages 	English
Italian
== Comments ==
Web newsletter started in 2004 News.Icr (bimonthly in Italian and English)Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
ISO

= International Organization for Standardization =
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide, non-governmental federation that promotes and develops manufacturing and performance standards. The ISO, established in 1947, consists of 1 person from each of the 140 participating countries. The purpose of the ISO is to facilitate the exchange of goods and services. The ISO standards are published technical specifications that ensure consist product formats.
Web Address 	www.iso.ch
Postal Address 	International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
1, rue de Varemb 
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20 
Switzerland
Phone 	+41 22 749 01 11
Fax 	+41 22 733 34 30
Information Online	Technical information
Books / brochures / articles
Archived information
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Technical info
Website Languages 	English
French
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Technical info
ITABC

= Istituto per le tecnologie applicate ai beni culturali (Institute for technologies applied to cultural heritage) =
The Institute of Technologies applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC) was founded in 1978 and is located within the Research Area of Rome- CNR-Montelibretti. The restructuring of CNR's scientific network in 2001 confirmed ITABC as a center of excellence in the research for Cultural Heritage. With a personnel of more than 41 researchers, technicians and administrators, ITABC has succeeded in developing various projects and branches of research both within the Institute and in cooperation with other institutions. Main goals of the Institute are as follows: Advances in GIS research and in statistical methods applied to Cultural Heritage. More specifically, the reconstruction and contextualization of the archaeological landscape using GIS instruments, remote sensing, virtual reality, and multimedia. The characterization of archaeological sites and historical artifacts using geological and high resolution geophysical methodology The cataloguing, analysis, and study of ancient coins and monetary treasures; The study and analysis of handmade artifacts of historical interest, particularly those that are metallic; The analysis, documentation, evaluation, recovery, conservation, and exploitation of historical buildings through multidisciplinary research The dating of archaeological and geological discoveries using 14C and amino acid racemization methods (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.itabc.cnr.it
Postal Address 	Istituto per le tecnologie applicate ai beni culturali
Area della Ricerca Roma 1 - Montelibretti Via Salaria Km. 29,300 - C.P. 10 00016 Monterotondo St. (ROMA)
ITALY
Phone 	(+39) 0690625274
Fax 	(+39) 0690672373
Contact 	direttore@itabc.cnr.it
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Archived information
Related links
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	Italian
Category:Directory
Ice

== Description ==
The solid form of water. Ice is less dense than water and thus the same volume of liquid will fill a greater space when it solidifies. Dissolved salts can significantly decrease the temperature for freezing/melting ice.
See also ice melter and freeze-thaw cycle
Composition 	H2O
Density 	0.917 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.3049, 1.3062
==Resources and Citations==
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.917; ref. index = 1.3049, 1.3062 (A)
Category:Materials database
Ice melter

== Description ==
 
Any of several products that contain a mixture of salts or other water soluble compounds used to melt ice from roads, sidewalks, and airplane wings. Solutions lower the freezing point of water by disrupting the formation of the crystalline structure of water. Examples are: 
* ammonium sulfate: to -7C, damages concrete 
* calcium chloride: to -29C, melts fast, hygroscopic, may re-ice 
* calcium magnesium acetate (CMA): to -9C, safest for concrete/plants
* magnesium chloride: to -15C, melts fast, hygroscopic 
* potassium acetate: to -9C, biodegradable, corrosive
* potassium chloride: to -7C, damages concrete, kills plants
* sodium chloride: to -9C, keeps sidewalks dry, corrosive, kills plants 
* urea: to -7C, concentrated form is corrosive and kills plants
* others: sugar, alcohols, glycol propylene glycol.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
deicer; deicing salts; de-icing salts; 
Examples: Melt ice; Antarcite; Ice-A-Way (NaCl); Fast Melt (KCl, NaCl, urea); Hot Stuff (CaCl2); Safe Step (KCl, NaCl, urea); Ice Wizard; Polar Express (CaCl2, NaCl, KCl); Qik Joe (CaCl2); Prestone Driveway Heat; Flugzeugenteisung (Deut.)
== Additional Images ==
File:Ice melter_steps detail.jpg|Landscapers Choice, ice melter, detail on steps
File:Subflourescence_ICOMOS.jpg|SubflourescencePhoto credit: E. Hyslop
==Resources and Citations==
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
* Commercial products listed at http://www.pasternackstruevalue.com/icemelt.html (accessed Jan 2004)
* Properties of various salts at http://chemistry.about.com/cs/howthingswork/a/aa120703a.htm (accessed Jan 2004)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deicing (Accessed Mar. 1, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Ice paper

== Description ==
A decorative paper with a sparkling surface. Ice paper has reflective crystalline salts. (i.e., sugar, sodium acetate, lead acetate, zinc sulfate, barium chloride, or Epsom salts) adhered to the surface with a thin layer of gelatin, dextrin, or gum arabic.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Iceland moss

== Description ==
A water soluble gum obtained from the lichen, Cetraria islandica, that is native to Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Iceland moss contains hemicellulose mixed with some uronic acid, galactose, mannose and glucose. For use, the plant is gathered, dried then powdered to form a grayish-brown flour. The flour forms a viscous paste when mixed with water and it is used to make insect resistant breads such as sea biscuits. It is also used for sizing textiles and for marbling papers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cetraria islandica
Category:Materials database
Iceland spar

== Description ==
Crystalline clear calcite (calcium carbonate). Iceland spar has been commercially mined from the east coast of Iceland since the 17th century. Its double refraction and perfect cleavage was described by E.Bartholin in 1669. Because of its refracting ability, Iceland spar is used in polarizers (Nicol and Ahrens prisms), polarizing microscopes, and other optical instruments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Iceland crystal; calcite; espato de Islandia (Esp.); espato de Islândia (Port.); Islandspat (Deut.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Trigonal crystal system with granular, stalatitic, massive or rhombohedral crystals
* Perfect cleavage in three directions 
* Fracture = conchoidal 
* Luster = vitreous to pearly
* Streak = white
* Can doubly refract light 
* Fluorescence = aged surfaces of calcite may fluoresce purple or blue in ultraviolet light; freshly cleaved surfaces are white to yellow; may be phosphorescent 
* Reacts with acids to evolve carbon dioxide 
Composition 	CaCO3
Mohs Hardness 	3.0
Density 	2.71-2.72 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.486; 1.658; (1.566)
Birefringence 	0.154 - 0.174 (very high)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Wikipedia: Calcite (Accessed Sept 2 2005 and Dec 2022) hardness = 3, sp = 2.7
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Iceland Spar." Accessed 25 Apr. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Ichijiku (Fig) - left (200 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_200.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 200
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (200 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| いちじく : Ichijiku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Fig
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ficus carica L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| According to the Senryo shokubutsu fu () published in 1972, Japan, bark of fig tree is recognized as dyestuff with tannin, and called Kili Bark in Sudan.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Ichijiku (Fig) - right (200 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_200.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 200
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (200 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| いちじく : Ichijiku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Fig
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ficus carica L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| According to the Senryo shokubutsu fu () published in 1972, Japan, bark of fig tree is recognized as dyestuff with tannin, and called Kili Bark in Sudan.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Ichneumon hair

== Description ==
Fur from a large mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) native to Africa and southern Europe. Ichneumon was considered a sacred animal in Egypt. It has a golden or gray coat with a long tufted black tail. Ichneumon hair from the tail is longer and stiffer than sable. It has been used in artist brushes for heavy bodied paint (Pinney 1999).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mongoose hair; meloncillo hair; Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon); Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) ; Mangusten (Deut.); mangosta (Esp>); herpestidae (Fr.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Dark brown fibers with white tip. 
* Excellent body and elasticity. 
* Not very durable.
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "ichneumon" 
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoose (accessed July 7, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database