nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lactation

== Lactation ==
Once a cow has calved she will start her lactation and produce milk. In order to realize the best yield possible, we will need to feed accordingly.
A cow will reach her peak milk output between 6-8 weeks after calving, but her dry matter intake won't peak until 10-12 weeks. So while the lactation peaks she will be at risk of losing condition. It is vitally important that she is fed as much as possible during this period, with good high energy supplements to keep her weight up.
There are four stages of lactation: early, mid, late and dry period. You can see the milk yield vs the dry matter intake here in the graph below:
File:Lactation.JPG
Source: http://www.thecattlesite.com/articles/4248/managing-cow-lactation-cycles/
== Completing the cycle == 
After the early stage lactation is finished, just after milk production has peaked, the cow is ready to be put back in calf. This can be done with AI or using a bull (see Breeding), but we want to do it now so she will be ready to calf after her current lactation is over and she's had 2 month or so period to dry off and recover.
We will continue to milk her over the next 7 months or so, until her lactation finishes and she can be "dried off". She should be 1-2 months away calving, and will be moved to back to the dry cow barn to have her calf. 
This cycle can continue for as long as the cow is healthy and productive (can be up to 10 lactations, but in high output production systems the average is about 3), the aim is to calve once a year and be producing milk for just over 300 days a year.
Next: Breeding
Newborn Calf

== The First Hour ==
The first hour in a calf's life is critical, if there are any complications then the likelihood is they will be apparent quite quickly. First we need to establish whether the calf is breathing, if it isn't then we will need to do some sort of resuscitation, this is not uncommon if there were difficulties calving.
Once we have established that the calf is breathing, we need to monitor its progress. As a rule of thumb it should be able to lift its head within 5 minutes of birth, be attempting to stand after around 20 minutes, and usually be up and standing within the first hour.
Once the calf is up we need to dip it's navel cord in an antiseptic (iodine, chlorhexidine). This is vital to protect the newborn from infection, at this early stage the calf's immune system is not fully developed so strict hygiene is essential if we want to avoid illness. 
The calf is now ready to leave the calving sheds and go to the rearing unit. The mother will go to the parlour and for the next 3-4 days will have colostrum collected for her calf.
A healthy newborn Holstein heifer calf should weigh between 35-50kg. We will record this so we can monitor growth.
== Calf Rearing Unit ==
The newborn calf is a frail creature and it's housing needs to reflect this. It is very important to provide:
* Enough space (a 45kg calf must have at least 1.5m2, recommended 2m2) 
* Constant temperature of at least 7ºC
* Dry bedding, with proper drainage
* Sufficient ventilation and humidity controls
* Strict hygiene measures
Next: Baby_Calf
Rearing

== Rearing ==
Our calf is now living in a covered barn and fed a mixture of concentrates and forage. From 3 months old we should be seeing a 0.8kg/day growth rate and at 4 months she is ready to go out and graze. While grazing she will continue to be fed concentrates in order to maintain our growth rate target.
== Puberty ==
We want our heifer to mature quickly enough that we can get her in calf at 15 months old. In order to be on track to do this she needs to be cycling at 12 to 13 months and out with a bull at 14 months. At 12 months old she needs to weigh 50% of her expected full body weight, and put on 10% each month over the next 3 months.
== Growth Rate ==
Our pregnant heifer will grow to 90% of her expected full body weight before calving at 24 months. As a rule we will continue to look for 0.8kg/day growth, for more detail see the graph below:
Source: https://extension.psu.edu/growth-charts-for-dairy-heifers#section-2
== Calving ==
2 months before our heifer's due date she will be moved back to the "dry cow" barn where she can be monitored. 
Once she calves, she will be moved to a box for a 4 days while colostrum is collected and then she will be moved into the heifers group in the dairy (https://afs.ca.uky.edu/dairy/merits-having-first-lactation-dairy-cows-separate-management-group).
Next: Lactation
Troubleshooting

== Troubleshooting ==
Cows are pretty tough but things do go wrong. I will outline a few potential issues here:
=== Mastitis ===
Mastitis is the infection of the udder. It is routinely treated with anti-biotics. Good management and hygiene can reduce the spread. Please read the following to learn about how to identify and handle a cow with mastitis:
http://www.nadis.org.uk/bulletins/mastitis-control-and-management/mastitis-part-4-detecting-and-treating-clinical-mastitis.aspx
http://ansci.illinois.edu/static/ansc438/Mastitis/detection.html
=== Milk Fever ===
The result of a lack of calcium. Usually happens soon after calving. The symptoms include:
*Tremors
*Unable to stand
*Cold ears
*Dry nose
*Staring eyes
Likely this cow will be in a box (just calved), give her a bottle of calcium solution injected.
=== Failure to cleanse ===
When a cow calves she is very often left with the placenta inside her. You can identify this easily. It is very important to remove this manually if she hasn't cleansed naturally after 24 hours.
=== Lameness ===
Cows will have their feet trimmed and checked regularly (see timetable). That said there is much that can go wrong with the bovine hoof:
*Hard and soft feet. Feet kept in poor condition can develop infections, ulcers and abscesses, if they are too hard they can develop cracks and more serious problems. 
*Foot rot. "A smelly infection of the foot, which generally occurs high between the claws or toes, is referred to as foot rot. Cattle will show lameness, usually in one leg only. The foot swells above the coronet and toes spread. Cracks and fissures develop in the space. If left untreated, it can progress into the joint space or tendon sheath creating permanent damage."
*Laminitis. Generally speaking only affect recently calved cows. If you see a cow will elongated and overgrown looking feet then this could potentially be laminitis.
=== Calving issues ===
*Once a heifer starts calving the calf should be out in 4 hours. If not call Martin.
*TODO
TODO MORE
Next: Culls
Main Page

Example: double-brick house, $1200/yr on heating & cooling
Surface	Area [m²]	U-value [W/m²/K]	Total [W/K]	Percentage [%]	Cost [$/yr]	Cost [$/yr/m²]
Window 	32 	5.5 	177 	27% 	324 	10
Wall 	119 	1.5 	179 	27% 	327 	2.7
Roof 	141 	1.3 	183 	28% 	336 	2.4
Floor 	141 	0.4 	56 	9% 	103 	0.7
Drafts 	 	 	60* 	14% 	110 	
In this example if window U-value can be halved at the cost of $10/m², it will save $150/yr and pay for itself in 2 years. This does not factor in the benefit of extra comfort when house is not actively heated/cooled.
Typical U-values
Glazings 	U-value [W/m²/K]
Single brick wall, no insulation 	2.2
Double brick wall, no insulation 	1.5
Single brick wall, 150 mm glass-wool	0.2
Double brick wall, with insulation 	0.18
1-pane window (3) 	5.9
2-pane window (3-6-3) 	3.4
2-pane window (4-16-4) lowE 	1.1
3-pane window (4-12-4-12-4) lowE 	0.7
</br>
IARC Champions List

1970: Tony Davis
1971: Riley Anderson
1972: Mikey Reikart
1973: Bob Vanderbilt
1974: Riley Anderson (2)
1975: Logan Eagle
1976: Riley Anderson (3)
1977: Hank Eaton
1978: Hank Eaton (2)
1979: Riley Anderson (4)
1980: Hank Eaton (3)
1981: Michael LaComte
1982: Joshua Koshloski 
1983: Michael LaComte (2)
1984: Danny Nash
 
1985: Frank Feldman
1986: Rian Anderson
1987: Frank Feldman (2)
1988: Allen Thomas
1989: Logan Eagle (2)
1990: Rian Anderson (2)
1991: Allen Thomas (2)
1992: Allen Thomas (3)
1993: Chris Crompton
1994: Scott Bonnett
1995: Chris Crompton (2)
1996: Bobby Hackett
1997: Chris Crompton (3)
1998: Allen Thomas (4)
1999: Mike Johnson
2000: Chris Crompton (4)
2001: Scott Bonnett (2)
2002: 
2003: 
2004: 
2005: 
2006: Wes Neves
Main Page

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__NOTOC__
2013 UFFA World Cup

The 2013 UFFA World Cup was the 20th UFFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in Andalus from 12 June to 13 July 2013. It marked the second time the competition was hosted in Andalus, the first being in 1970.
Thirty-one national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament. A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Andalus. Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people, and the country received 2 million visitors from 202 countries.
==Host selection==
The vote to choose the hosts of the 2013 tournament was held in July 2006 in Valessia. It involved four bidding nations after Sukoyria and Macareno had withdrawn three days earlier: Andalus, Etrusque, Howan, and Apomo. Three rounds of voting were required, each round eliminating the nation with the least votes. The first two rounds were held on 6 July 2007, and the final round was held on 7 July 2007, which Andalus won over Etrusque.
Voting results	Voting results	Voting results	Voting results
Country 	Round 1 	Round 2 	Round 3
 	10 	11 	12
Etrusque 	6 	11 	11
 	5 	2 	–
 	3 	– 	–
==Participating teams==
==Venues==
==Results==
===Quarter finals===
===Semi-finals===
===Final===
Category:Andalus topics
Category:UFFA World Cups
2015 Suzukake Earthquake

The May 2015 occurred at 21:23:02 Nakama National Time on 30 May, with a magnitude of 7.8Mw (some sources said 8.5Ms) and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe). Its epicenter was in the east of Suzukake, Suzukake Prefecture, Nakama, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 677.6 km. Reported the shock hit as far as Tokyo in neighboring country.
Reported several houses collapses around Shiromoto and Suzukake Prefecture and the resident currently evacuated. So far 16 people (13 from Suzukake and 3 from Shiromoto) reported dead due to this earthquake.
==Description==
The May 30, 2015 M7.8 earthquake of Shiromoto occurred as the result of oblique-normal faulting at a depth of over 660 km beneath the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake is located within the interior of the Pacific plate that subducts beneath Nakama starting at the Izu trench, several hundred kilometers to the east of the event (and at the surface of the Earth). At the location of the earthquake, the Pacific plate moves approximately westwards with respect to the Philippine Sea plate at a rate of 39 mm/yr. This earthquake occurred in response to stresses generated by the slow distortion of the Pacific plate at depth, rather than occurring on the interface between the Pacific plate and the overriding Philippine Sea plate.
==6.2 Magnitude Yamazaki==
A new after-quake hit at 4:49 a.m. May 31 on the northeast from the previous main earthquake, in the offshore of Yamazaki about 200 km northeast. Due to the depth only 8.7 km, this earthquake affect more than the first one. Reported that some building received minor damages in the Yamazaki city, though no casualty reported. only 3 people injured due to the falling appliances in their home. 
==Resposes==
==Resources==
- 189km WNW of Chichi-shima
- Izu Islands
ARA

ARA, officially Royal Andalusian Aviation (), also marketed as Société A.R.A. is the largest airline in Andalusia, and one of the two national flag carriers of Andalus, along with Royal Abbasidi. The airline is headquartered in the L'ambra District of Alcazar, in Sousse.
Société A.R.A. was established in 1954 and became the official national airline of the Andalusian Republic. The airline was the target of harsh international sanctions and boycotts, and ceased operations in 1973 before being relaunched in 1982. ARA is currently an official sponsor of Royal Andalusian Football Association and the Andalus national football team. ARA is the largest Columbian airline, with 26.4% market share, and the second largest by operating revenue. ARA merged with the Etruscan-based Air Etrusque on 17 June 2010, forming a new company called Air Etrusque-ARA. Former ARA shareholders own 81% of the company (44% by the Andalusian state, and 32% by private shareholders), while former Air Etrusque shareholders maintain the rest.
==History==
==Corporate affairs and identity==
==Destinations==
==Fleet==
==Services==
==Incidents and Accidents==
Category:Andalus topics
Category:Airlines in Andalus
Abbasid

Abbasid (Beidar: العباسي, Abbāsīyyah), Officialy the Kingdom of Abbasid (Beidar: المملكة العباسي, Al-Mamlakah al-‘Abbāsīyyah) is a country that forms part of the Federal Kingdom of Andalus. It is bordered to the north by the Andalusian Sea, to the east by Sousse and Jidda, to the west by Sabrallaj, Umm-Salal, and Ras Al-Ziad and to the South by Khalifji. With a population of 12 million, Abbasid is the 3rd most populous area in Andalus, and the 2nd most populated of the Beidar states.
Alcúdia

Alcúdia, officially the Free State of Alcúdia (Spanish: Estado Libre de Alcúdia, lit. "Free State of Alcúdia") is an special collectivity of the Aranese Community located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
It is an archipelago that includes the main island of Alcúdia and a number of smaller ones, such as Nueva Mallorca, Tagomago, and Rosselló. The capital and most populous city is Meritxell. Its official languages are Spanish and Catalan, though Spanish predominates. The island's population is approximately one million. Alcudians are full Arriolan citizens, and are represented in the Arriolan Parliament by two senators and two deputies.
Four centuries of Spanish colonial government influenced the island's cultural landscapes with waves of African slaves, Canarian, and Andalusian settlers. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the middle of the 19th century, helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Native Americans, Africans, and Iberians. In 1838, following the stalemate caused by Aranese intervention in the First Carlist War, Spain agreed to cede Alcúdia and it's surrounding islands under the terms of the Convention of Vergara. The next century saw a concerted effort by Aranese leadership both to ensure the political allegiance of its new subjects and to alter their cultural identity. Their attempts were successful in the former but failed in the latter. Alcudian culture has become a reflection of the blending of Iberian influences with that of indigenous and African peoples. 
Alucdians are by law natural-born citizens of Arriola and may move freely between the islands and other Aranese territory. Alcudians are recognized as a constituent nationality of Arriola by the Aranese Constituition, thus Alcudian citizenship continues to be recognized by the Aranese government. However Alcudia's representation in wider Aranese governance is restricted, as it is administered as a dependant territory, and thus does not have a direct vote in the General Junta. Instead, two seats in the General Junta are reserved, and the deputies are appointed by the Cortes Generales of Alcudia.
Andalus East Althenian membership referendum, 2017

A series of referendums on Andalusian membership in the EAS and it's various institutions took place between January 10th and 14th. The independence referendum question, which voters answered with "Remain" or "Leave", was "Should Andalus remain or leave the East Althenian Sphere?" The "Leave" side won, with 51.8% voting for a split with the EAS and 48.2% voting in against. However the result of this and the subsequent polls did not achieve the required 75% turnout by Andalusian law, and thus were not legally-binding.
Category:Andalus topics
Andalusian Armed Forces

The Andalusian Armed Forces (Etruscan: Forces armées andalouses), or AAF, occasionally referred to as the Andalusian Defense Force, ADF, are the armed forces of the Federal Kingdom of Andalus, founded following the 1983 Acts of the Union. Until 2016 the AAF was not permitted to deploy abroad in support of an ally. In recent years they have been engaged in international peacekeeping operations, in accordance to the Andalusian constitution. However, the passage of Article XI has removed provisions which banned the AAF from carrying out offensive operations, including unilateral actions.
Category:Andalus topics
Andalusian Civil War

The Andalusian Civil War, also known as the Andalusian Revolution was a civil conflict in Andalusia fought between forces loyal to the House of Elias-led government of the Andalusian Confederation, and forces loyal to the radical left-wing Andalusian National Council. The war began in August 1968, with the 2+1 Incident, and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1972 following the deadly Rashaya Crisis. The conflict eventually resulted in two de facto states, the Andalusian Confederation (ACO) on the Donan Peninsula and the Republic of Andalus, both claiming to be the legitimate government of Andalus. However, Apomo was eventually captured by the Republicans in 1974 after the ouster of the Royal family in the White Revolution, effectively dissolving the Confederation, and the family went into exile in Okaiken.
In 1981, following the successful restoration of the Andalusian confederal monarchy through public referendum, those responsible for the Republican uprising fled from the mainland to Apomo, which was staunchly opposed to the Andalusian monarchy. Subsequently, Apomo broke away from Andalus, establishing itself as the Apomo Democratic Republic, claiming that the referendum was illegal and the results distorted, therefor the Federal Kingdom of Andalus is an illegitimate state. The ADR refuses to recognize the FKA, and does not maintain relations with any state that recognizes the Federal Kingdom. The international community does not recognize the use of the name "Apomo Democratic Republic" and maintains the position that Apomo is a renegade province of Abbasid. The Federal Kingdom of Andalus rejects the position that Apomo is it's territory, but has openly supported attempts at reconciliation. This issue has led to many scholars to describe this as a "peaceful" extension in the Andalusian Civil War, which the Andalusian government frequently opposes.
Andalusian Parliament

The Andalusian Parliament (Etruscan: Parlement andalouise) is the national legislature and the supreme decision-making body of Abbasid. It consists of the Senate (Sénat), and the National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) Since its establishment in 1953 it has been a bicameral legislature with 937 members, who are elected proportionally and serve on fixed four-year terms.
==Organization and powers==
==History==
==See Also==
Category:Andalus topics
Andalusian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Andalusian Social Democratic Labour Party (Etruscan: Parti social-démocrate du Travail, PSDT), also known as the Andalusian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Andalusian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1960 to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the post-civil war Andalus into one party. The PSDT governed Andalus under a one-party system from 1960 to 1983, before splitting into the Socialist Party and other minor parties at the restoration of the Andalusian monarchy.
Category:Political parties in Andalus
Category:Andalus topics
Andalusian migrant crisis

The Andalusian migrant crisis or Andalusian immigration crisis refers to the perceived urgency concerning the unusually high rate of immigration to Andalus, and the purported demographic threat that Andalusia now faces as a result. Immigrants to Andalus have historically originated from western Columbia, the Beidar world, and Sukoyria and the remainder of Central Althena. According to the ACS, Andalusia is expected to recieve 2.3 million migrants and refugees, a 33% increase over the previous year.
The idea of a potential "crisis" in immigration numbers has been largely ignored throughout Andalusian history, and has often been encouraged. "Travailleur étranger" or guest workers, have had a significant presence in Andalusia since the 19th century, when they immigrated to the island in droves following decades of political/religious persecution and war in Columbia and Althena. The devastation caused by the unification wars and the ensuing conflicts resulted in significant declines in the Andalusian-born population, currently estimated at 24% of the current population. The void left in the workforce by those lost was filled with largely unskilled immigrants, through the Main d'oeuvre peu chère (hard inexpensive work) system, and much thought was not given to the potential changes that the influx would have on the regional demographics. The process has since accelerated, with the Andalusian government touting a open-door policy for those seeking to migrate. However, immigration rates have far outstripped Andalus's capacity to accept them, and has exhausted government resources to accommodate the increasing population.
According to the Andalusian Center of Statistics, as of 2016, 40.2% of Andalusian residents now have atleast partial roots outside of the country. In 2015 alone, Andalus accepted over 1.2 million new migrants, a number more than double that of the previous year. Four states (Tiberias, Sousse, Deira, and Nasser) received around two-thirds of Andalusia's immigration influx in 2015. Between 1980 and 2010, Andalus' population grew by 8.3 million, of which 74% was attributed to immigration. On 21 May 2016, Prime Minister Moulin publicly announced the Andalus could no longer guarantee proper accommodation for migrants, and referred to the situation as a "crisis", a first for an Andalusian official.
==Background==
==Statistics==
==Migration==
===Unification===
===Revolutionary years (1968-1982)===
===1983-present===
==Reactions==
===Andalusian government===
====Abbasid====
====Tiberias====
====Nasser====
====Sousse====
===Adonian Community===
===Okaiken===
==Politics==
===Rise of the far-right===
==See also==
*Immigration to Andalus
*Demographics of Andalus
Andalusian monarchy referendum, 1982

The referendum on the restoration of the Andalusian Monarchy was held in Andalus on 30 and 31 June 1982. After a long period of heated debate, the "yes" side won with 50.3 per cent of the vote, on a turnout of 88.6 per cent. This referendum was followed by the 1983 referendums, which established and solidified the Andalusian confederal system.
==Campaign==
The "No" campaign was led by Prime Minister James Enger, and his ruling Social Democratic Labor Party. The main themes of the "No" campaign were the loss of progress towards Andalusian unity that was made under the Republic, as well as the divisive tendencies of the royal family, and the potential economic collapse that would follow a dramatic shift from a government controlled economy to a completely free market. 
Liberal leader Alexandra Zebadi led the "Yes" campaign. Her party, the Union for Democracy, was deeply divided on the question of an Andalusian monarchy. She refused to resign if the "yes" side failed, and famously led the door-to-door campaign across Andalus to garner support. The main arguments of the "Yes" side were that a monarch would serve as a unifying factor for all people of Andalus, Andalusian politics would be much more stable with a figurehead, and that the Republic had become illiberal.
==Results==
===Countrywide===
==Aftermath==
===Controversy===
Category:Andalus topics
Category:Referendums in Andalus