nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Mannose

== Description ==
White crystalline monosaccharide with a sweet taste. Mannose is produced by the oxidation of mannitol, which is found in many plants and seaweeds.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|mannose.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
seminose; carubinose
== Risks ==
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, alcohol, acetic acid.
Composition 	C6H12O6
CAS 	3458-28-4
Melting Point 	133 C
Molecular Weight	mol.wt.=180.16
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5791
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Mansonia

== Description ==
Timber from the Mansonia altissima tree that is from in western Africa. Because the fine texture wood polishes silky smooth and has some resemblance to walnut, it has been sold as African black walnut. Mansonia wood is used for furniture, veneer, and musical instruments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mansonia altissima; African black walnut; mansonia (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Inhalation and skin contact causes irritation and allergic reactions.
* Bark and heartwood contain cardiac poisons that can cause heart disorders.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Heartwood is yellowish to grayish brown; color tends to fade with exposure to light
* Sapwood is yellow to whitish and clearly demarcated
* Grain is usually straight; texture is fine and uniform
* Very durable to decay and resistant to insects.
* Density = 38 ppcf
==Working Properties==
* Sawdust is deleterious to health
* Wood is easy to work
* It glues, turns, and finishes well, and also has good steam bending properties.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Mansonia
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Mapico pigments

== Description ==
The trademark for a series of synthetic iron oxide pigments (Mars colors) originally produced by Fireman at the Columbian Carbon Company in Alexandria, Virginia about 1900 (Mayer 1969). Mapico colors, red, brown, black, tan and yellow, are used as pigments in paints, enamels, cement, stucco and as fillers in rubber. 
See also Mars colors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mapico red;
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Mapico red, synthetic iron oxide (Forbes MFA 96) 50X resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|PIG96.jpg~XRD|f96sem.jpg~SEM|f96edsbw.jpg~EDS]]]
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Maple bark

== Description ==
Bark from Norway maple trees (Acer platanoides) and silver maple (Acer saccharinum). Red maple (Acer rubrum) bark gives a pale gray (cotton) to rose-tan (wool) color using an alum mordant. Changing mordants to copper sulfate produces a dark gray while chrome produces and beige color. Silver maple bark gives a tan color with alum and a black with copper. The drab colors from the maple bark dyes have good color fastness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Norway maple trees (Acer platanoides); silver maple (Acer saccharinum); écorce d'érable (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Marbelite

== Description ==
A synthetic, moldable, artificial marble. Marbelite is made by heating potassium alum in water then added 10% heavy spar and marble dust (Brady 1971). Rubber molds are used to cast the Marbelite into small statues and ornaments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
artificial marble
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 500
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Marble

== Description ==
A hard, dense, crystalline stone primarily composed of calcium carbonate. Marble is limestone or dolomite that has been metamorphosed with heat and pressure. Pure calcite marble is white, but impurities produce a wide variety of coloring and patterns. Marble has fine grains and polishes to a smooth, high gloss. It is used for statuary and buildings. Marble has been quarried from sites around the world since at least the seventh century BCE. Historical quarry locations and marble types include: 
* Greece: Paros (Parian marble), Penteli (Pentelic marble), rosso antico, Eleusinian marble 
* Turkey: Proconnesus
* Italy: Carrara, bardiglio, Cipollino marble (cipolin), parmazo marble 
* Spain: Macael
* Belgium: rance, Belgian black, St. Anne marble 
* France: Languedoc marble, griotte, Sarrancolin marble 
* U.S.: Vermont white statuary, Georgia white, Colorado Yule statuary, Alabama cream, Tennessee pink, Rockingham royal black. 
Note: Commercially, the term 'marble' is used for any non-granite stone that can take a polish, such as travertine, onyx, serpentine, and limestone.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
calcium carbonate; marmer (Ned.); Marmor (Deut., Sven.); marbre (Fr.); marmo (It.); mármol (Esp.); marmur (Pol.); mármore (Port.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Mineral 	Calcite or dolomite
Color 	typically white but impurities cause variations and patterns
Texture 	medium grains, soft and porous, easily stained and scratched
Chemical compatibility	corroded by acids and alcohols
Mohs Hardness 	3.0
Density 	2.6-2.84 g/ml
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Calcite (Egyptian limestone).TIF~FTIR (MFA)||Calcite marble, 50X, laser 532 nm copy.tif~Raman (MFA)||mcalcite xrd.jpg~XRD|CHSOS XRF of Chalk.jpg~XRF (CHSOS)]]]
== Resources and Citations ==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Janet Burnett Grossman, Looking at Greek and Roman Sculpture in Stone, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2003
* Wikipedia: [|CHSOS XRF of Chalk.jpg~XRF (CHSOS) Marble] (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005 and April 2024)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=2.6-2.84 (160-177 pounds per cubic foot)
Category:Materials database
Marble calf

== Description ==
A piece of calfskin leather that has been acid treated to produce a mottled or streaked pattern that resembles marble (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Marble dust

== Description ==
Marble chips that have been crushed to form a powder. Marble dust is used as an inert pigment and filler in paints. Even as a fine powder, some of the crystalline surfaces reflect light adding a sparkle to regions in which was been added to the plaster used in a fresco support. Marble dust was also added to the grounds of some Italian paintings to produce a fresco-like appearance. Additionally it is used as a bulking agent in repairs on porcelain and ceramics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
marble meal; marble grit; poudre de marbre (Fr.); pó de mármore (Port.); Marmorpulver (Deut.); Marmormehl (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 499
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Ceramics and Glass Conservation Section, List of Workshop Materials, The British Museum, London
Category:Materials database
Marbled leather

== Description ==
Leather that has been dyed, painted or treated to produce a mottled or streaked pattern that resembles marble.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cabedal marmoreado (Port.); gemarmerd leer (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Marbled paper

== Description ==
A type of decorative paper prepared by mixing or dropping oil paints onto the surface of water, then swirling, and dipping the paper into the surface to produce a marble-like pattern. Marble papers were made in China over 2000 years ago. In the 12th century, Shinto priests in Japan made marbled papers as a divination tool. Two-tone marbling, or Turkish marbling was developed in Turkey and Persia in the 15th century. By the 17th century, paper marbling became popular in Europe primarily for use as book end papers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
marbled paper; suminagashi (Japanese for ink-floating); ebru (Turkish for two-tone marbling)
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_marbling (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Marbleized glass

== Description ==
1) A glass sheet with a marbling pattern of multicolor streaks. The colored streaks are made from partially mixed colors in the molten liquid.
2) A clear glass with irregular veins that is made by shattering hot glass with cold water then reconsolidated by partial remelting (Bucher 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vidro marmorado (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Marblewood

== Description ==
An ebony wood from the tree Diospyros kurzii native to India and the Andaman Islands. The heavy, durable wood is black with yellowish stripes forming a marble like grain pattern. Like other ebonies, it is highly valued for furniture, inlay and decorative items. Marblewood is resistant to insects and takes a high polish. Other trees also called marblewood are Marmoxylon racemosum of South America, Diospyros marmorata of southern Asia and Olea paniculata of Australia.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Andaman marblewood; ebony; Diospyros kurzii; Marmoxylon racemosum; Diospyros marmorata; Olea paniculata; Angelim rajado; Zygia racemosa; bois serpent (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Website: www.gilmerwood.com
Category:Materials database
Marcasite

== Description ==
A grayish-yellow mineral composed of iron disulfide. Marcasite has a different crystalline form than pyrite, also FeS2. The opaque mineral grows in serrated, spear-shaped twin crystals that resemble a cock's comb. It is more brittle than pyrite and often crumbles due to its unstable crystal structure. Marcasite can undergo 'pyrite decay' in which a specimen turns to white dust. The dust often reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid, which in turn can be deleterious to surrounding materials. Marcasite is mined in India, Turkey, Russia, the Czech Republic, Germany, England and the United States (Illinois). Marcasite has never been used as a gem but pyrite has many times been improperly called marcasite when it is used for jewelry and costume decoration.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
white iron pyrite; cock's comb pyrite; marcassite (sp.); Markassit (Deut.); marcassita (Esp.); marcassite (Fr., Port.); marcasiet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|marcassiteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
* Should be stored in low humidity environment to minimize deterioration. 
* Can produce sulfur dioxide or sulfuric acid.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Decomposes to form sulfuric acid and iron sulfate. 
* Orthorhombic system often with serated, spear-shaped twins. 
* Luster = metallic. 
* Streak = dark gray to black.
* Composition = FeS2
* Mohs Hardness = 6.0 - 6.5
* Density = 4.6-4.9 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "marcasite" ca [Accessed October 23, 2001].
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcasite (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005)
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 422
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Marienglas

== Description ==
A brand name for a crystalline gypsum from Cyprus (Kremer Pigmente 2000). Marienglas is a special form in which the gypsum crystals form layers in a particularly even order. As a result, it is transparent and the plates can be easily split into thinner platelets.
The name Marienglas comes from the use of the Marienglasscheiben as window panes for small windows or relic containers. Plinius describes the use of Marienglas for windows as Lapis Specularis and as a scattering crystal to exploit the high refraction of light at the crystalline surfaces for special effects on surfaces. Even in the Middle Ages Marienglas was used as an additive in paints or plasters to increase the reflection. New in the range are our very cheap and available in large quantities varieties from Sicily. It can also be used to make larger spreaders, such as those used to be in the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Marienglas dissolves very slowly in water. The thin plates have been used as a clear filler in varnishes. It is also used as a special filler for brilliant lime and fresco paints because the mica-like luster give wall paints a high reflection value. Selenite can be applied very well in lime paints without having the gypsum to effloresce.
 
==Resources and Citations==
* Kremer-Pigmente: Marienglas
Category:Materials database
Marigold

== Description ==
A natural yellow dye obtained from the yellow/orange flowers (genus Tagetes) that grow freely in England, South America, Mexico, and the southwestern United States. Caltha palustris, or marsh marigolds, grow in marshlands or stream beds, and its flowers produce a yellow dye that primarily contains lycopene, a carotenoid. When mordanted with chrome on wool, the yellow dye has good stability to light and washing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
marsh marigolds; Kingcup marigold; Natural Yellow 27; Caltha palustris
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "marigold" [Accessed May 6, 2002].
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5436
Category:Materials database
Maril

== Description ==
An acronym for marbled inlaid leather. Maril is made by mixing waste scraps of varying colored leathers to form a collage. This technique was developed by the English bookbinder Philip Smith (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
marbled inlaid leather
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Marine acid

== Description ==
Common name for hydrochloric acid used prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
muriatic acid
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Marine glue

== Description ==
A waterproof, tar-like coating that is used to seal the seams on wooden ship decks. Marine glue is a solution of shellac, asphalt, and/or rubber dissolved in naphtha, benzene, turpentine , or oil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
marine adhesive; colle marine (Fr.)
== Physical and ChemicalProperties ==
Insoluble in water
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 369
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Marinite

== Description ==
[BNZ Materials] A registered trademark for a series of high-density insulating millboards. Marinite® boards are used for building construction for fire-resistant insulation. The boards are contain composed of a calcium silicate cement (65-75%) with calcium metasilicate (20-25%) and small amounts of natural organic fibers (4-8%), glass fibers (0-3%) and quartz (0.1-2%), Older Marinite® boards may contain asbestos fibers. 
* Marinite® A and C: strong, machinable, non-asbestos inorganic board insulations for conveying, containing, handling and forming molten aluminum and other non-ferrous metals. Applications include holding furnace linings, tips for continuous casters, transition plates, rings, plugs, baffles, troughs, spouts, floats and filter boxes. Tech sheet A and C
* Marinite® I: A structural insulation is highly damage-resistant, noncorroding, and extremely water-resistant with minimal maintenance, and fast, easy fabrication. Tech sheet MarI
* Marinite® M: In addition to high strength and insulating values, Marinite M panels combine ease of erection, fire safety, durability, attractive appearance, and low maintenance for use as bulkheads, linings or ceiling materials. Tech sheet MarM
* Marinite® P:An incombustible, self-supporting board that combines high insulating values, fire safety, and exceptionally high compressive strength. Tech sheet MarP
== Risks ==
BNZ Materials: Marinite A SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* BNZ Materials: Marinite Website
Category:Materials database
Marl

== Description ==
A friable mixture of clay that contains a high proportion of calcium carbonate. Marls are secondary clays that often contain sand, iron oxide, and other impurities. Marls are most often used as alkaline additives to soil. As a pottery clay, marl tends to be aplastic and is often used for slipware, earthenware, and brick. Some examples of marls used in pottery are (Fournier 1996): 
* Keuper marl: contains magnesium carbonate and gypsum; variable in color 
* Etruria marl: contains almost no lime 
* Cambridge marl: contains about 40% lime
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Keuper marl; Etruria marl; Cambridge marl; calcareous clay; marga (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 118
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Marl yarn

== Description ==
A yarn or two-fiber strand that is made by twisting rovings of contrasting colors. Marl yarn has a mottled appearance.
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
Category:Materials database
Marmot

== Description ==
Any of fourteen species of the genus Marmota that are found throughout the world. Marmots are large ground squirrels that hiberate through the winter. Their fur is short and thick. The color varies from blue on top to white in the middle and yellow at the bottom.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Murmeltiere (Deut.); marmota (Esp., Pol., Port.); marmotte (Fr.); marmotta (It.); marmot (Ned.); murmeldjur (Sven.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "marmot." Accessed 21 Jan. 2005.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot (accessed Sept 7., 2005)
Category:Materials database
Maroger medium

== Description ==
A megilp formulation introduced in the 1940s by Jacques Maroger as a new medium for oil painting. Megilp is a thixotropic gel resulting from the equal combination of mastic varnish and black oil (leaded drying oil).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Maroger's medium
==Resources and Citations==
* Lance Mayer, Gay Myers, 'Old Master Recipes in the 1920s, 1930, and 1940s: Curry, Marsh, Doerner, and Maroger', JAIC 41(1), 2002.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database