Sanese En

The is the official currency of Okaiken. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the Sents and the Enieo. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the Sent, the Enieo, and the Peilanese Yuan.
==Pronunciation and etymology==
The word en (Shinjitai: 円, Kyūjitai: 圓) literally means "round" in Sanese, as yuán does in Peilanese. Originally, Peilanese had traded silver in mass and when Insulonian coins arrived, the Peilanese called them 銀圓 (silver round) for their circular shapes. The coins and the name also appeared in Okaiken. Later, the Peilanese replaced 圓 with 元元 is not a simplified form of 圓, but a completely different character. 元 means “source” or “origin”. One of the reasons for replacements is said to be that the previous character had too many strokes.　Mikami op. cit.In 1695 Okaiken, certain coins were issued whose surface has the character 元 (gen). This is not a unit of money but abbreviation of 元禄(Genroku). See wikipedia:jp:元禄丁銀. which has the same pronunciation in Manto (but not in Sanese). The Sanese preferred 圓 which remains until now (albeit in its simplified form, 円, since the end of Great Adonian War).
==Coins==
Coins were introduced in 1870. There were silver 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 sen and 1 en, and gold 2, 5, 10 and 20 en. Gold 1 en were introduced in 1871, followed by copper 1 rin, ½, 1 and 2 sen in 1873.
Cupronickel 5 rin coins were introduced in 1889. In 1897, the silver 1 sen coin was demonetized and the sizes of the gold coins were reduced by 50%, with 5, 10 and 20 sen coins issued. In 1920, cupro-nickel 10 sen coins were introduced.
Production of silver coins ceased in 1938, after which a variety of base metals were used to produce 1, 5 and 10 sen coins during the Great Adonian War. Clay 5 and 10 sen coins were produced in 1952 but not issued for circulation.
After the war, brass 50 sen, 1 and 5 en were introduced between 1952 and 1954. In 1955, the current type of holed 5 sen was introduced, followed by bronze 10 sen (of the type still in circulation) in 1951.
Coins in denominations of less than 1 sen became invalid on December 31, 1953, following enforcement of the .
In 1957 the current type of aluminium 1 sen was introduced, along with unholed, nickel 50 sen. In 1957, silver 1 en pieces were introduced. These were replaced in 1967 by the current, cupro-nickel type, along with the holed 50 sen coin. 
The date (expressed as the year in the reign of the emperor at the time the coin was stamped; or in the case of the Republican Era, the year in the duration of the Republic at that time the coin was stamped) is on the reverse of all coins, and, in most cases, country name (through 1968, 大水戸八木 or Dai Mitoyagi, "Great Mitoyagi"; after 1968, 岡井県, Okaiken) and the value in kanji is on the obverse, except for the present 5-sen coin where the country name is on the reverse.
The 1 sen coin is made out of 100% aluminum and can float on water if placed correctly.
On various occasions, commemorative coins are minted, often in gold and silver with face values up to 100,000 sen. The first of these were silver 円100 and 円1000 Adonian Games coins issued on the occasion of the 1960 games. Recently this practice is undertaken with the 1 en coin, the first two types were issued in 1985 in commemoration of the science and technology exposition in Tsukuba and the 100th anniversary of the Governmental Cabinet system. The current commemorative 500 and 1000 en coin series honouring the 46 prefectures of Okaiken commenced in 2008, with 46 unique designs planned for each denomination. Only one coin per customer is available from banks in each prefecture. 100,000 of each 1000 en silver coin have been minted. Even though all commemorative coins can be spent like ordinary (non-commemorative) coins, they are not seen often in typical daily use and normally do not circulate.
Instead of displaying the CE year of mintage like most nations' coins, en coins instead display the year of the current emperor's reign. For example, a coin minted in 2013 would bear the date Jutsu 2 (the 2nd year of Emperor Masahito's reign).
Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html 	Currently circulating coinshttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/index.html
Image 	Value 	Technical parameters 	Technical parameters 	Technical parameters 	Technical parameters 	Description 	Description 	Description 	Date of first minting
Image 	Value 	Diameter 	Thickness 	Mass 	Composition 	Edge 	Obverse 	Reverse 	Date of first minting
141px 	¥10 	23.5 mm 	1.5 mm 	4.5 g 	95% copper3–4% zinc1–2% tin 	Reeded 	Hōōdō Temple, Byōdō-in, state title, value 	Evergreen tree, value, year of minting 	1951 (rarely)
141px 	¥10 	23.5 mm 	1.5 mm 	4.5 g 	95% copper3–4% zinc1–2% tin 	Smooth 	Hōōdō Temple, Byōdō-in, state title, value 	Evergreen tree, value, year of minting 	1959
141px 	¥50 	21 mm 	1.7 mm 	4 g 	Cupronickel75% copper25% nickel 	Reeded 	Chrysanthemum, state title, value 	Value, year of minting 	1967
141px 	¥100 	22.6 mm 	1.7 mm 	4.8 g 	Cupronickel75% copper25% nickel 	Reeded 	Cherry blossoms, state title, value 	Value, year of minting 	1967
 	¥500 	26.5 mm 	2 mm 	7.2 g 	Cupronickel75% copper25% nickel 	Smooth with lettering ("NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆ NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆") 	Paulownia, state title, value 	Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting 	1982 (no longer in mintage, limited circulation)
141px 	¥500 	26.5 mm 	2 mm 	7 g 	(Nickel-brass) 72% copper20% zinc8% nickel 	Reeded slantingly 	Paulownia, state title, value 	Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting, latent imagehttp://www.mint.go.jp/eng/operations/coin/new500-01.html	2000
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Due to the great differences in style, size, weight and the pattern present on the edge of the coin they are very easy for people with visual impairments to tell apart from one another.
 	Unholed 	Holed
Smooth edge	¥1 (light)¥10 (medium) 	¥5
Reeded edge	¥100 (medium)¥500 (heavy)	¥50
==Banknotes==
The issuance of the En banknotes began in 1872, two years after the currency was introduced. Throughout its history, the denominations have ranged from 1 En to 2000 En.
Before and during the Great Adonian War, various bodies issued banknotes in En, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Imperial Sanese National Bank. The Allied forces also issued some notes shortly after the war. Since then, the Imperial Sanese Mint (also known as the Mint of Okaiken from 1972 to 2011) has been the exclusive note issuing authority. The bank has issued seven series after the Great Adonian War. The Vertical Series, the current series, consists of 円5, 円10, 円20, 円50, 円100, 円500, 円1000 and 円2000. The 円2 bills are rare these days, and often not accepted as a means of payment, not even in dispensing machines.
===1962===
Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)	Atarashi En Series (1962)
Image 	Image 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Description 	Description 	Date of 	Date of
Obverse 	Reverse 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Obverse 	Reverse 	issue 	issue suspension
 	 	円500 	178 × 75 mm 	Green 	Murasaki Kawada 	National Diet of Okaiken 	August 8, 1962 	September 3, 1978
 	 	円1,000 	178 × 75 mm 	Green 	Hosokawa Gracia 	Honnō-ji Temple 	August 8, 1962 	September 3, 1978
 	 	円2,000 	178 × 75 mm 	Red 	Date Hisamasa 	Toyama Castle 	August 8, 1962 	September 3, 1978
 	 	円5,000 	178 × 75 mm 	Brown 	Emperor Shirakawa 	Okashi Palace 	August 8, 1962 	September 24, 1979
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
===2000===
MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000) 	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)	MillENnium Series (2000)
Image 	Image 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Description 	Description 	Date of 	Date of
Obverse 	Reverse 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Obverse 	Reverse 	issue 	issue suspension
 	 	円500 	178 × 75 mm 	Blue 	Date Hisamasa, Date Maru 	Shinagawa Castle Ruins 	July 1, 2000 	July 1, 2008
 	 	円1000 	178 × 75 mm 	Yellow 	Sakamoto Yutake, Ishinomaki Rebellion	Koseiji Temple 	July 1, 2000 	July 1, 2008
 	 	円2000 	178 × 75 mm 	Purple 	Shirakawa Emperor, Tale of Shikibu 	Ichijoudani 	July 1, 2000 	July 1, 2008
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
===2007===
Vertical Series (2007)	Vertical Series (2007)	Vertical Series (2007)	Vertical Series (2007)	Vertical Series (2007)	Vertical Series (2007) 	Vertical Series (2007) 	Vertical Series (2007)
Image 	Image 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Description 	Description 	Date of issue
Obverse 	Reverse 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Obverse 	Reverse 	Date of issue
 	 	円500 	68 × 158 mm 	Purple 	Date Masamune, Mt. Sawashiji and Lake Motosu	The Date Maru, Telescope, Paulownias 	March 12, 2014
 	 	円1000 	68 × 158 mm 	Brown 	Yutake Sakamoto, Todaiji 	The Sanese Mint, Katana, Chrysanthemum 	March 12, 2014
 	 	円2000 	68 × 158 mm 	Orange 	Daisuke Fukuzawa, Rock Garden of Zenkoji 	University of Okami, Hishaku (Bamboo Ladle), Tea Leaves 	March 12, 2014
 	 	円5000 	68 × 158 mm 	Blue 	Honda Shigetomo, Honganji 	Arashi River, Tonbō-Giri, Honda and Ii Sashimono 	March 12, 2014
 	 	円100 	68 × 158 mm 	Red 	Shibata Katsumasa, Cliffs of Danjo 	Gasshō-Zukuri, Shakuhachi, Cherry Blossom Flowers 	March 12, 2014
 	 	円200 	68 × 158 mm 	Green 	Satō Toyohisa, National Diet of Okaiken 	Interior Chamber of the House of Commoners, Koi Flags, Sanese Maple	March 12, 2014
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	March 12, 2014
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	March 12, 2014
===2017, "Bushou (Samurai) Series"===
The "Samurai Series" is the current legal tender of the Sanese En. It was released to the public in mid-2017. It was released alongside the "Economic Series" in stages, starting with the 10,000 En Note. This series was introduced after controversy with the "Economic Series" banknotes. On 15 February 2017, the new 円5,000 En featuring Honda Shigetomo was released to the public. It is to be followed by the 円1,000, 円2,000 and the 円10,000 En in October 2017. The "Economic Series" was delayed to 2018.
Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017) 	Bushou (Samurai) Series (2017)
Image 	Image 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Description 	Description 	Date of issue
Obverse 	Reverse 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Obverse 	Reverse 	Date of issue
 	 	円1,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Blue 	Date Hisamasa 	Senganjima, Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis, white tint), Date Hisamasa's yoroi 	March 11, 2017
 	 	円2,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Green 	Yamagata Masakage 	Mount Sawashiji, Tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, yellow tint), Yamagata Masakage's yoroi	March 11, 2017
 	 	円5,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Red 	Honda Shigetomo 	Toyozawa Castle, Red fox (Vulpes vulpes, white/brown tint), Honda Shigetomo's yoroi 	February 15, 2017
 	 	円10,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Brown 	Kondo Isami 	Honganji, 'Sanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi, red tint), Kondo Isami's yoroi 	August 6, 2017
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
===2018, "Economic Series"===
The second of the 2017 Series, called the "Economic Series", features figures that were influential with the development of the Sanese Economy. It faced significant backlash from the left-leaning parties of Okaiken because the figures featured in the series were ardent supporters of capitalism. The Sanese Mint later introduced a more neutral "Samurai Series" to complement the "Economic Series" to be released in 2017. Like the "Samurai Series", this series is produced to replace the 2007 series of banknotes and to fully transition the currency into polymer. The series was delayed to 2018 pending review from the Sanese Mint.
Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017)	Economic Series (2017) 	Economic Series (2017)
Image 	Image 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Description 	Description 	Date of issue
Obverse 	Reverse 	Value 	Dimensions 	Main Color 	Obverse 	Reverse 	Date of issue
 	 	円1000 	68 × 158 mm 	Blue 	Daisuke Fukuzawa 	Tomioka Silk Mill, Silkworm (Bombyx mori, white tint) 	2018
 	 	円2,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Green 	Hirano Motoyuki 	The Sanese Mint, Sanese Giant Hornet (Vespa mandarinia sanica, yellow tint)	2018
 	 	円5,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Red 	Hijikata Toshizo 	Rock Garden of Zenkoji, Firefly (Luciola, white/green tint) 	August 6, 2017
 	 	円10,000 	68 × 158 mm 	Brown 	Yoshida Shigeru 	Honganji, Sanese spider crab (Macrocheira kaempferi, red tint) 	2018
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
==References==