nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Nebatsutsuji (Rosebay) - right (56 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-16-2009_056.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 56
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (56 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ねばつつぢ : Nebatsutsuji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Rosebay
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rhododendron macrosepalum Maxim.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaves /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyeing process
| The fabric was soaked in 1) dye bath; and 2) ash water bath.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nebatsutsuji (Rosebay) - right (57 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-16-2009_057.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 57
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (57 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| greenish beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ねばつつぢ : Nebatsutsuji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Rosebay
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rhododendron macrosepalum Maxim.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The resultant color was slightly green.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nebatsutsuji (Rosebay) - right (58 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-16-2009_058.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 58
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (58 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ねばつつぢ : Nebatsutsuji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Rosebay
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rhododendron macrosepalum Maxim.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Needle

== Description ==
A small, sharp pointed instrument, usually of polished steel that is used for sewing and stitching. Needles have a hole in one end to hold a length of thread while the needle is passed through a cloth.
==Resources and Citations==
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Needlepoint lace

== Description ==
A hand embroidered lace made with a needle and thread. Needlepoint, or needle, laces were first made in the late 15th century probably in Italy. They quickly spread through Europe and are still being made in Ireland, Belgium, and Asia. To make needlepoint lace, single threads are lightly stitched to a design drawn on a support paper. Without penetrating the paper, the threads are covered using the buttonhole stitch and straight threads are added to interconnect and support the pattern. When finished, the threads attaching the lace to the paper are cut.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
needlepoint lace (AAT); encaje a la aguja (Esp.); needle-point lace; point lace; point laced; needle lace; Battenberg lace;
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985 Comment: point lace
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996 Comment: point lace
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Needle Lace." Accessed 2 Aug. 2004 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 Comment: preferred = needlepoint lace
Category:Materials database
Needlework

==Description==
decorative sewing and textile arts handicrafts. Anything that uses a needle for construction can be called needlework. Needlework may include related textile crafts such as crochet, worked with a hook, or tatting, worked with a shuttle. Similar abilities often transfer well between different varieties of needlework, such as fine motor skill and knowledge of textile fibers
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: [Needlework]
Category:Materials database
Neem oil

====Description== 
A vegetable oil from the fruits and seeds of the neem tree (India) that has been widely used as a natural insecticide, repellent and larvicide. Neem oil repels most insects and is not known to be harmful to mammals or birds. Within an insect, it blocks the action of a molting enzyme
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
margosa oil
==Personal Risks==
* Ingestion may be toxic
Contact may cause al allergic reaction
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Neem oil Accessed July 2023
Negative paper

== Description ==
A photographic imaging paper with a sensitized silver halide emulsion coating. Negative paper, as opposed to film, is used to take single image exposures, such as through a pinhole camera. It can then be used to produce numerous positive images. Negative paper is used in the Polaroid diffusion transfer process. After the image is exposed onto the negative paper, a set of rollers is used to both spread developing chemicals and also press the negative sheet against a positive sheet. During the processing time, silver salts diffuse into the positive sheet and deposit metallic silver onto the development nuclei.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ektacolor paper; color negative paper
==Resources and Citations==
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "photography, technology of." Accessed 7 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Nekohagi (Prairie lespedeza) - center (342 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_342.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 342
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (342 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ネコハギ : Nekohagi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Prairie lespedeza 
|- 		
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf and stem / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime; iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Mordanting with alum would not produce any color on a fabric.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nekohagi (Prairie lespedeza) - left (342 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_342.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 342
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (342 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| cream
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ネコハギ : Nekohagi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Prairie lespedeza 
|- 	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf and stem / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Mordanting with alum would not produce any color on a fabric.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nekohagi (Prairie lespedeza) - right (342 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_342.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 342
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (342 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ネコハギ : Nekohagi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Prairie lespedeza 
|- 	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf and stem / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Mordanting with alum would not produce any color on a fabric.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nekoyanagi (Rose-gold pussy willow) - left (383 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_383.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 383
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (383 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ねこやなぎ : Nekoyanagi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Rose-gold pussy willow
|-		
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Salix gracilistyla Miq.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Although actual use of this plant for dyeing is unknown, the resultant colors are good.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Nekoyanagi (Rose-gold pussy willow) - right (383 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_383.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 383
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (383 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ねこやなぎ : Nekoyanagi
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (English common name)
| Rose-gold pussy willow
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Salix gracilistyla Miq.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Although actual use of this plant for dyeing is unknown, the resultant colors are good.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Neodymium

== Description ==
A soft, malleable metallic element. Neodymium is a rare-earth element that occurs in the minerals monazite, bastnaesite, cerite and gadolinite. It was discovered by Carl von Welsback in 1885 in Austria. Pure neodymium is a grayish white metal that turns yellowish with exposure to air. The oxide is a pale blue powder that is soluble in water. Neodymium and its oxide are used as a glass colorants for sunglasses and art objects. Neodymium imparts a dichroic property to glass that makes is useful as a filter plate on color television tubes to improve image contrast. Other salts of neodymium have rose and violet colors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Nd; néodyme (Fr.); Neodym (Deut., Sven.); neodimio (It., Esp.); Neodímio (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Irritant to eyes and skin.
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Reacts slowly with water. Soluble in dilute acids. Sensitive to air and moisture. 
Composition 	Nd (atomic no. 60)
CAS 	7440-00-8
Melting Point 	1021 C
Density 	7.003 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 144.27
Boiling Point 	3074 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Web Elements: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976.
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6538
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Neon

== Description ==
An inert noble gas that was first discovered by William Ramsay and Morris Travers in 1898. Neon occurs naturally in the atmosphere at a concentration of 18.2 ppm. It has limited solubility in water and is found in seawater at a concentration of 1.5 tons per cubic mile. Neon is obtained commercially by the liquefaction, then distillation of air. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Neon is used in Lasers and Neon lights where it produces a reddish-orange glow. Vacuum electric discharge tubes used for advertisement signs are commonly, but incorrectly, called neon tubes although a variety of gases are required to produce the different colors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ne; néon (Fr., Port. ,Esp.); neo (It.)
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. 
* An asphyxiant gas. 
* Liquid may cause frostbite. 
* Airgas: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	Ne (atomic no. 10)
CAS 	7440-01-9
Melting Point 	-248.6 C
Density 	0.6964 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 20.1797
Boiling Point 	-245.92 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Web Elements: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6544
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Neon lamp

== Description ==
A type of electrical discharge in which the inert gas carrier is neon. First used by Georges Claude about 1910, neon gas glows red-orange when a high voltage electrical arc is produced. Varying phosphors are coated on the interior of the tube to produce a wide variety of colors. Neon lamps are have smaller diameter tubes than cold cathode lamps.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
neon light; cold cathode; electrical discharge lamp
== Resources and Citations ==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "electric discharge lamp." (Accessed 30 Sept. 2004).
Category:Materials database
Neoteric solvent

==Description== 
A class of natural bioactive compounds that can be extracted from food processing waste and biomass waste (cellulose products). Neoteric solvents can replace conventional organic solvents for extractions and thus are considered a greener alternative. Since these solvents are prepared from starting components of natural origin, they are inherently non-toxic, sustainable, economical and environmentally viable. Most have properties such as thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low toxicity, non-volatility, air and water stability, recyclability and good solvent recovery. 
Subsets of these bioactive substances include:
* Ionic liquids: compounds composed entirely of ions and are in liquid state under 100°C. They are regarded as designer solvents given that their physical attributes can be regulated by the combination of different sets of anions and cations.
* Eutectic solvents: compounds composed of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs). The HBDs are amines, amino acids, alcohols, sugars and carboxylic acids, whereas quaternary ammonium salts act as the HBAs. Most have a melting point below 150°C and a few are below 50 °C.
* Bio-based solvents: compounds obtained from biomass through fermentation, esterification or enzymatic processes. They include furfural, lactic acids, levulinic acid, fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylfurfural and their esters, glycols, terpenes alcohols of low molecular weight and glycerol derivatives.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bio-solvent; ionic liquid; eutectic solvent; biomass-derived solvents
==Applications== 
==Risks==
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
==Resources and Citations==
* Conservation Online Commuminty (FAIC), Discussion on 'Ultrasonic Cleaning of Paper Artefacts', includes mention of some neoteric solvents used in the cleaning processes. Link
* Raquel Cañadas, María González-Miquel, Emilio J. González, Ismael Díaz, Manuel Rodríguez, 'Overview of neoteric solvents as extractants in food industry: A focus on phenolic compounds separation from liquid streams', Food Research International, Volume 136, 2020. Link
* Sequeira, Rosy Alphons and Mondal, Dibyendu and Prasad, Kamalesh, 'Neoteric solvent-based blue biorefinery: for chemicals, functional materials and fuels from oceanic biomass', "Green Chem.", Vol. 23(22), 2021. Link
Category:Materials database
Nepheline

== Description ==
A feldspathic rock composed of sodium aluminum or potassium aluminum silicate. Nepheline occurs worldwide with rich deposits in the Russia (Kola Peninsula), Italy (Vesuvius), Norway, Canada (Ontario), and South Africa. This transparent to translucent mineral is characterized by the absence of quartz. It tends to have a greasy feel with colorless, pale yellow, green, or brown stones. Nepheline is used as a flux in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, and enamels.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
nephelite; nepheline syenite; eolite; Carnegieite (synthetic), nefelina (Esp., Port;); nefelien (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|nephelineRS.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
Inhalation and ingestion may cause respiratory and gastrointestinal irritation.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Hexagonal system, crystals rare; usually occurs as small grains or large masses. 
* Good cleavage in three directions. 
* Fracture = subconchoidal. 
* Luster = greasy (massive) to vitreous (crystalline). 
* Streak = white 
* Transparent crystals become cloudy when placed in a strong acid solution.
Composition 	(Na,K)(AlSi)2O4
Mohs Hardness 	5.5 - 6.0
Density 	2.55-2.65 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.526 - 1.546
== Resources and Citations ==
* Mineralogy Database: Nepheline
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "nepheline" [Accessed December 4, 2001]. (tech info) (B/W photo)
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepheline (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 600,
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976 Comment: p. 1606 ( a feldspathoid type mineral)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Nephrite

== Description ==
A hard, dark green stone that is one of two minerals commonly called jade; the other is jadeite. Nephrite, a mixture of actinolite and tremolite, is a calcium magnesium silicate with traces of chromium and nickel that produce its color. Nephrite is more opaque and usually darker than jadeite. Sources for nephrite include New Zealand, Australia, Taiwan (nephrite cat's eyes), Turkestan, Korea, Siberia, Mexico, Canada (British Columbia), and the U.S. (Alaska, California, Wyoming). Nephrite has an oily, lustrous appearance when polished. It is sometimes variegated in color and can incorporate white, yellow, brown, gray, and black shades. Nephrite has been used since Neolithic times for small utensils, decorative carvings and jewelry. The greenstone used by the Maoris of New Zealand is nephrite. When heated to about 1025 C, nephrite changes mineral forms to diopside.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
jade; nephurite; greenstone, actinolite; tremolite; nefrita (Esp.); néphrite (Fr.); Nephrit (Deut.); nefriet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Jade, green, large block.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Actinolite raman RRUFF R040063.png~Raman (RRUFF)]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Monoclinic system with fibrous or granular crystalline masses 
* Cleavage is good in two directions 
* Fracture = splintery to granular 
* Luster = dull 
* Streak = colorless 
* Fluorescence = inert 
* Pleochroism = none
* Birefringence = usually not detectable
Composition 	Ca2(MgFe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Mohs Hardness 	6.0-6.5
Density 	2.9-3.1 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.606-1.632
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* E.West Fitzhugh, "Jade" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996.
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Mineralogy Database: actinolite
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* Wikipedia: Nephrite (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* Michael O'Donoghue and Louise Joyner, Identification of Gemstones, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2003 Comment: Hardness=6.5; RI=1.600-1.641; Specific gravity=2.96-3.02;
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 70
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Website: http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/347k/redesign/gem_notes/Jade/jade_triple_page.htm (fluorescence information)
Category:Materials database