nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Chihun Kang

__NOTOC__ 
Chihun Kang is a senior manager at Korea Exchange (KRX), currently overseeing the Vietnam Project. He is known for his expertise in market infrastructure and technology management within the exchange industry.
== Background ==
Kang has established himself as a technology manager at Korea Exchange, where he has been involved in various projects, including international initiatives. His current role as the senior manager of the Vietnam Project demonstrates his involvement in KRX's global expansion efforts.
In addition to his primary responsibilities, Kang has participated in professional development programs such as the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) Market Infrastructure Certificate (MIC) program. 
== Education ==
Chihun Kang received his education from Bayes Business School, formerly known as Cass Business School, which is part of City, University of London. 
== References ==	
Category:Korea Exchange
Category:Executives
Category:Fintech
Category:Market Structure
Children's Investment Fund Foundation

The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) is focused on improving the lives of children living in poverty primarily in Sub Saharan Africa and India and receives a portion of TCI’s profits and other donations. The entity is an example of venture philanthropy.
The Children's Investment Fund (TCI) is a hedge fund. It manages The Children’s Investment Master Fund. TCI and fellow hedge fund Atticus Capital jointly control around 19 percent of the voting rights in the Deutsche Boerse. In October of 2008, TCI wrote a letter seeking the removal of Deutsche Boerse chairman Kurt Viermetz. TCI and Atticus had previously threatened to call for boardroom changes if Deutsche Boerse didn't urgently consider ways to increase shareholder value. TCI was also strongly opposed to a proposed merger with the London Stock Exchange (LSE) played a part in the departure of then-CEO Werner Seifert in 2005 when the deal collapsed.Within weeks, Viermetz announced he would step down.
In October of 2007, TCI, which at the time owned 17.8 million shares, or approximately 4.1 percent, of CSX Corporation sent a letter to the CSX board of directors urging it to act immediately and voluntarily to improve CSX’s corporate governance and business performance.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category: Venture Philanthropy
Children's Investment Fund Management UK LLP

The Children's Investment Fund (TCI) is a hedge fund. It manages The Children’s Investment Master Fund. The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) is focused on improving the lives of children living in poverty primarily in Sub Saharan Africa and India and receives a portion of TCI’s profits and other donations. The entity is an example of venture philanthropy.
TCI and fellow hedge fund Atticus Capital jointly control around 19 percent of the voting rights in the Deutsche Boerse. In October of 2008, TCI wrote a letter seeking the removal of Deutsche Boerse chairman Kurt Viermetz. TCI and Atticus had previously threatened to call for boardroom changes if Deutsche Boerse didn't urgently consider ways to increase shareholder value. TCI was also strongly opposed to a proposed merger with the London Stock Exchange (LSE) played a part in the departure of then-CEO Werner Seifert in 2005 when the deal collapsed.Within weeks, Viermetz announced he would step down.
In October of 2007, TCI, which at the time owned 17.8 million shares, or approximately 4.1 percent, of CSX Corporation sent a letter to the CSX Board of Directors urging it to act immediately and voluntarily to improve CSX’s corporate governance and business performance.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category: Venture Philanthropy
China A-Shares

China A-shares are RMB-denominated common stocks listed on either Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) or Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). A-shares are issued by Chinese companies for domestic institutions, organizations, and individuals (expect residents in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). A-shares are booked electronically, and settled on "T+1" by the China Securities Central Clearing & Registration Corporation (CSCCRC), which is responsible for the central depository,registration and clearing of the securities. A-shares are subject to a 10-percent price limit, except for stocks under special treatment (ST shares or *ST shares), which are subject to a price limit of 5%. 
Other categories of listed shares issued by Chinese companies include B-shares, H-shares, N-shares and S-shares, according to the location of the stock exchange that hosts each category of shares and the kind of the investors for which it's meant. 
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Shares
Category:Stocks
China B-Shares

B-shares are common stocks listed inside China, which are quoted and settled in foreign currencies. B-shares are currently available for both overseas investors and domestic investors, and listed on either Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) or Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). The face value of B-shares is denominated and their prices are quoted in RMB, but B-shares listed on the SSE are settled in US dollars., and those on the SZSE in Hong Kong dollars
Like A-shares, B-shares are also subject to a 10-percent price limit, and booked electronically, but settled on "T+3" by the China Securities Central Clearing & Registration Corporation (CSCCRC). However, B-shares could still practically be sold off (there's no buyback because you can't short stocks in China) through turnaround trading after T+1 prior to T+3 settlement.
The B-share market started in 1992, but until Feb. 19, 2001, the participation was limited to foreign investors. Currently, there are total 109 B-shares, of which 54 are listed on the SSE and 55 on the SZSE.
Other categories of listed shares issued by Chinese companies include A-shares, H-shares, N-shares and S-shares, according to the location of the stock exchange that hosts each category of shares and the kind of the investors for which it's meant. 
== References ==
Category:Stocks
Category:Shares
Category:Definitions
Category:China
China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission

The China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) was formally unveiled in Beijing on April 8, 2018, marking the official launch of the new regulatory authority. 
== History ==
The CBIRC was established in April 2018 by a merger of China's banking and insurance regulators: the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC). The latter two regulatory groups were dismantled by China's government institutional reform in 2018. 
== Products and Services ==
The CBIRC is primarily responsible for supervising the establishment and ongoing business activities of banking and insurance institutions. It also takes enforcement actions against regulatory violations.
== Key People ==
== References ==
China Beijing Environment Exchange

China Beijing Environment Exchange (CBEEX) was created in November 2007 as China's first emissions market which covers more than 12 chemicals. 
The exchange was authorized by the Beijing Municipal Government and initiated by the China Beijing Equity Exchange (CBEX).
== History ==
The exchange partnered with BlueNext in June 2009 to offer CERs through that exchange.
== Background ==
The General Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Pollutant Discharge Reduction, issued by the State Council, pointed out that by 2010, China's per ten-thousand GDP energy consumption should be reduced to less than 1 ton standard coal from 1.22 tons standard coal in 2005, a reduction of about 20 percent; water consumption per unit added value of industry should be reduced by 30 percent. By the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the total discharge of main pollutants should be reduced by 10 percent.
== Products and Services ==
The exchange plans to list:
*SO2 emissions 
*COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) emissions trading
*CO2 emissions
*CERs
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Environmental Markets
China Futures Association

The China Futures Association (CFA) was established on Dec. 29, 2000 and is registered and headquartered in Beijing. It acts as the bridge between the government and the futures market, exercising self-regulation and safeguarding the legitimate interests of its members. It also pushes for the development of China's futures market by maintaining transparency and fairness and by providing training on professional ethics. CFA members include futures brokerage firms, futures exchange special members and licensed individual futures traders. 
It is supervised by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other agencies that regulate state social groups. CFA's foundation was intended to promote market development.
The effort to set up the CFA started in 1995, based on the "Social Group Registration and Management Act" for the establishment of a nationwide industry self-regulatory organization, as a non-profit social group corporation. 
== History of Futures in China ==
Main article: History of Futures in China
China's futures market, set up in 1990, experienced a quick expansion until the mid 1990s, when loopholes in the regulatory scheme led to irregularities like fraud and strong speculation. 
A host of scandals forced the authorities to start cleaning up the market. Many futures exchanges and brokerages were closed down and some products were suspended from trade. China shut its bond futures market and barred the trade of financial derivatives, limiting China's exchanges to handling futures based on commodities. In 2005, China bond forward trading
was introduced in the marketplace. This was seen as a positive step toward the development of other needed derivatives.
Transaction volume, which totalled 10 trillion yuan (US$1.2 trillion) in 1996, declined to a low of 1.6 trillion yuan (US$192 billion) in 2000. It recovered to a record high of 11 trillion (US$1.3 billion) in 2004.
In May 2015, the CFTA signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange (DGCX) seeking to enhance ties between the markets of China and the UAE, with a focus on increasing interaction between key players in the derivatives industry. 
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
The CTA mainly consists of futures brokerage companies as corporate members and futures exchanges as special members. "Corporate members" refers to futures brokerage companies and other institutions that the China Securities Regulatory Commission approves and regulates. As of September 2003, the CFA has a total of 189 members, including 186 corporate members and three special members. CFA members are located throughout the country, but mostly in Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, and Guangdong.
== Key People ==
== Resources ==
Charter of the China Futures Association
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
Category:China
Category:Futures Market in China
China Futures Margin Monitoring Center Co. Ltd.

The China Futures Margin Monitoring Center Co. Ltd. (CFMMC) is established, with the agreement of the State Council, by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, as a non-profit corporation registered with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce to guarantee the safety of futures margin. 
== Services ==
The CFMMC's main function is to provide: monitoring and early warning mechanisms for futures margins held in futures accounts in China. It also is designed to detect risks and report anomalies to Chinese regulators. 
The agency is also responsible for managing futures investors protection funds and assists in the case of a futures brokerage default. The CFMMC also is responsible for building and operation of the surveillance and supervision of the futures markets and for maintaining a unified account opening system in China.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Market in China
Category:History of Futures in China
China Gold Group Corporation

China National Gold Group Corporation (CNGGC, or China Gold) is a large scale, state-owned gold mining enterprise. The company has gold and other metals mining operations across China, is responsible for 20% of the total gold production in China, and controls over 30% of the total gold reserves in China.
China Gold Group is also an associate member of the World Gold Council.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Sun Zhaoxue, President
== References ==
Category:Gold
Category:Metals
Category:Gold Mining Companies
Category:World Gold Council Member
China H-Shares

H-shares are common stocks issued by enterprises registered in the Mainland but listed on HKEx in Hong Kong (H-Shares' H stands for Hong Kong). H-shares are settled in Hong Kong dollars, but unlike B-shares listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, H-shares are denominated in Renminbi. Also, unlike A-shares or B-shares, H shares are a physical, paper stock certificate, settled on "T+2," and not subject to a price limit. In addition to foreign investors, (Chinese) qualified domestic institutional investors (QDIIs) are permitted to invest in H shares. Although individuals in the mainland are not allowed to invest directly in H shares, a new scheme unofficially called "H-share thru-train" was announced in August 2007. According to that scheme, individual investors will be able to trade H-shares through the Bank of China branch in Binhai, Tianjin. However, the State Council has not made the final decision on this matter.
== References ==
Category:China
China National Petroleum Corporation

China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) is China's largest oil and gas producer and supplier, as well as one of the world's major oilfield service providers and a globally reputed contractor in engineering construction, with businesses covering petroleum exploration & production, natural gas & pipelines, refining & marketing, oilfield services, engineering construction, petroleum equipment manufacturing and new energy development, as well as capital management, finance and insurance services.
== History ==
The predecessor of CNPC was the Ministry of Petroleum Industry of the People's Republic of China, which was founded in July 1955, supervising the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in China.
China National Petroleum Corporation was established on September 17, 1988 on the basis of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, mainly in charge of oil and gas upstream operations. It is a state oil company endowed with certain governmental administrative functions.
On July 27, 1998, the CNPC was reorganized to become an integrated group with businesses covering oil and gas upstream and downstream operations, as well as oilfield services and engineering construction.
PetroChina (a holding company) was established under the company law and the special regulations on the overseas offering and listing of shares by Joint Stock Limited Companies on November 5, 1999. The American Depositary Shares (ADS) and H shares of PetroChina were listed on the New York Stock Exchange on April 6, 2000 and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong on April 7, 2000 respectively. It was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 5, 2007. By the end of 2007, China National Petroleum Corporation possessed 86.29% of PetroChina shares.
== Products and Services ==
CNPC is an integrated international energy company with businesses and operations covering:
*Oil and gas exploration & production, refining & chemicals, natural gas & pipelines and marketing & trading
*Oilfield services in geophysical prospecting, well drilling, well logging and downhole operation
*Oil and gas field surface engineering, pipeline construction and refining & chemical plant construction
*Manufacturing of prospecting facilities, drilling and recovery equipment, specialized tubular goods and power equipment
*Capital management, finance and insurance services
*Unconventional oil and gas resources, biomass energy and other renewable energies
== Key People ==
*Jiang Jiemin, President
*Zhou Jiping, Vice President
*Wang Yilin, Vice President
*Zeng Yukang, Vice President
*Wang Fucheng, Vice President
*Li Xinhua, Vice President
*Liao Yongyuan, Vice President
*Wang Guoliang, Chief Financial Officer
*Chen Ming, Chief of Discipline & Inspection
*Wang Dongjin, Vice President
*Yu Baocai, Vice President
== References ==
China Securities Depository & Clearing Corporation Limited

The China Securities Depository & Clearing Corporation Limited is a Primary Member of CCP Global, the global association of Central Counterparties (CCP), which represents 42 members who operate more than 60 individual CCPs across EMEA, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:CCP Global Primary Members
China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation

The China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation (SD&C) was created pursuant to the People's Republic of China Securities Law and People's Republic of China Company Law. The SD&C's total capital is RMB 1.2 billion, and Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange hold 50 percent each of the SD&C. Headquartered in Beijing, the SD&C also has two branches in Shanghai and Shenzhen. The China Securities Regulatory Commission is the competent authority of the SD&C.
== History ==
On March 30, 2001, in accordance with the "Securities Act" and with the agreement of State Council, the China Securities Regulatory Commission approved the establishment of the SD&C. In September 2001, Shanghai and Shenzhen branches were established. Starting October 1, 2001, the SD&C has engaged in all depository and settlement operations originally handled by the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, marking the advent of the unified securities depository and settlement system in China.
== Products and Services ==
The establishment and management of securities accounts and settlement accounts; 
Depository and transfer of securities; 
Registeration of securities holders' names and rights; 
Management of securities and financial clearing & settlement; 
Distribution of warrants on behalf of the issuers
Provision of securities registration and settlement business-related queries, information, advisory and training services according to laws; 
Other businesses that the China Securities Regulatory Commission approves
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:China
China Securities Index Co., Ltd.

__NOTOC__
China Securities Index Co., Ltd. (CSI) is a joint-venture between the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, located in Pudong, Shanghai, which was established for 1) the integration of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges' existing index resources, and 2) the preparation of the integrated index that has an impact throughout the country and even toward overseas markets, in order to provide the underlying index for stock index futures and other financial derivatives. 
The most famous index that the CSI computes is the CSI 300 Index, which will be the underlying index for the proposed stock index futures on the China Financial Futures Exchange. 
== History ==
The CSI was established on Aug. 25, 2005, as a joint-venture between the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange under the auspices of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, in order to initiate the establishment of professional securities indexes and index derivatives product development.
== Products and Services ==
On Feb. 20, 2006, the CSI set up a nine-member Index Advisory Committee, which consists of both domestic and overseas experts and scholars. The Index Advisory Committee discusses and approves the rules and the structures of CSI indexes.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:China
China Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market

The Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market was approved by the State Council on October 12, 1990 to be established as China's first standardized, nationwide grain wholesale market, and the State Administration of Grain recognized it as the country's grain trading center in September 2006. Since then, the Zhengzhou Grain Wholesale Market registered a total turnover of 46.88 million tons in various cash grain and oil, at nearly 65.8 billion yuan, ranking first among nationwide grain wholesale markets.
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:China
Category:History of Futures in China
Chinese National Futures Association

The Chinese National Futures Association (CNFA) is a financial industry association that stemmed out of the Taipei Futures Association, which was founded on Apr. 17, 1995. 
Now as a national organization, the association's duties include membership registration, on-site inspection of member companies offices and education of employees of the futures industry.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
The Chinese National Futures Association was a participant in the Futures & Options Expo 2008.
== Membership ==
The association's membership is made up of 27 futures advisory firms, 42 futures brokerage firms, nine managed futures firms, 39 proprietary futures firms and 62 introducing brokerage firms. 
== Key People ==
*Chairman, Ted M. Ho
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations