nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Koi beniiro no bara - left (181 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_181.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 181
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (181 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| yellowish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 濃紅色の薔薇 : Koi beniiro no bara
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Tea rose /dark red rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rosa x centifolia L. (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| copper (II) chloride
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| When rubbing fresh flower petals of the rose on a fabric, the resultant color was blue purple. And by mordanting this with copper, the color became red purple. This was considered to be due to its weak acidic condition, rather than the presence of copper. The dye compound was fixed well to the fiber.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Koi beniiro no bara - left (187 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_187.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 187
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (187 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 濃紅色の薔薇 : Koi beniiro no bara
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Tea rose /dark red rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rosa X centifolia L. (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| rubbed onto the fabric
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| acetic acid
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The flower petals were rubbed onto the fabrics. Subsequently, the left and right samples were treated with hydrochloric acid and acetic acid respectively. The color variations created by the auxiliary agents are typical of anthocyan group.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Koi beniiro no bara - right (181 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_181.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 181
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (181 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| black
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 濃紅色の薔薇 : Koi beniiro no bara
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Tea rose /dark red rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rosa x centifolia L. (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| melanterite (FeSO47H2O)
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| When rubbing fresh flower petals of the rose on a fabric, the resultant color was blue purple. And by mordanting this with copper, the color became red purple. This was considered to be due to its weak acidic condition, rather than the presence of copper. The dye compound was fixed well to the fiber.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Koi beniiro no bara - right (187 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_187.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 187
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (187 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 濃紅色の薔薇 : Koi beniiro no bara
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Tea rose /dark red rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Rosa X centifolia L. (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| flower /fresh
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| rubbed onto the fabric
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| hydrochloric acid
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The flower petals were rubbed onto the fabrics. Subsequently, the left and right samples were treated with hydrochloric acid and acetic acid respectively. The color variations created by the auxiliary agents are typical of anthocyan group.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Kokan, Couple Cooling Off on a Garden Bench, 11.19524

Couple Cooling Off on a Garden Bench
庭で夕涼みする男女
Shiba Kôkan (Suzuki Harushige) (1747–1818)
Forgery of: Suzuki Harunobu (1725–1770)
Edo period about 1771–72 (Meiwa 8–9)
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Results	Image
Pt 1 	 	iron oxide yellow
Pt 2 	 	dayflower, safflower
Pt 3 	 	safflower
Pt 4 	 	dayflower, lead white
Pt 5 	 	indigo, lead white, orpiment
Pt 6 	 	lead white
Category:Shiba Kokan, Suzuki Harushige (司馬江漢・鈴木春重) 1747–1818
Category:Dayflower/Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Flavonoids: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Indigo/Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Other Reds: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant
Kokuso

== Description ==
A mixture used in Japan for filling cracks and losses in lacquers. Kokuso is composes of urushi, baked sawdust, and flour (Webb 1998). The flour and water is made into a paste, the urushi is slowly added followed by the sawdust. Variations include the addition of nori urushi (rice flour and urushi) or chopped linen fibers (Webb 1998).
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Webb, "Methods and Materials for Filling Losses on Lacquer Objects" JAIC, 37:117-33, 1998.
Category:Materials database
Kolinsky

== Description ==
The reddish-brown hair from the tails of an Eurasian mink, Mustela siberica and Mustela lutreola, native to Siberia, Manchuria, China, and Japan. Artist brushes made from kolinsky tail hairs are called kolinsky or red sable brushes. These valuable brushes have excellent resilience and spring. The hair obtained from the male animals in winter is most prized for the brushes because it is longer and more tapered. To decrease costs, the long hairs are sometimes mixed with shorter hairs from the female minks or even with ox hair or synthetic fibers. These mixed fibers often have an unnatural bright orange tint (Z. Pinney 1999).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kolinsky sable; red sable; red Tartar marten; Siberian mink; China mink; kolinski; Mustela siberica; Mustela lutreola
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Brownish red hair with yellowish tint
* Length ranges from 1.75 to 2.25 inches
* Hair tapers at both ends to a needle sharp point at tip; the belly is about one-third of the hair's length from the butt end.
* Density = 1.0-1.13
== Resources and Citations ==
* F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, Bristish Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "kolinsky" [Accessed October 16, 2003].
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolinsky (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Komatex

==Description==
[Kommerling, USA] White, finely-textured, flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam sheets. KomaTex has a matt, foamed surface that readily accepts inks, paints or laminants. It bonds well with most adhesives and is lightweight and flame resistant The weather resistant panel is recommended for outdoor applications. Komatex does not have an outer skin like other types of PVC Boards.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
foam sheet; PVC Board
For comparison with alternates, see 
* PVC Boards and
* Foamboards/Support panels, 3A Composites
==Applications==
* Signs, banners, displays
==Personal Risks==
* TAP Plastics: Komatex SDS
==Collection Risks==
Research by Greg Smith and Michael Samide report that some rigid, unplasticized PVC construction boards give off a sulfur containing heat stabilizer (2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate [2-EHTG]) that can tarnish silver [1]. However, they also reported finding several specific brands of PVC construction board, namely Komacel (Kommerling) and e-PVC (3A Composites) are safe for use in exhibition casework as they do not contain 2-EHTG.
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials
* IMA: Link Komatex (2016/7)
* MMA: Link Komatex White Matte (2019/09/24)
* MMA: Link Komatex 2210 (2018/08/03)
==Environmental Risks==
Manufacturer lists as 100% recyclable.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Komatex: Brochure
* Komatex: Technical Values
==Working Properties==
* Screws hold in Komatex really well. 
* No outer skin; surface is rougher and more matte vs KomaCel. 
* Because it is fire resistant, it is good for use on the exterior of cases.
==Forms and Sizes==
* Thicknesses: 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 15mm
* Widths: 1000mm, 1220mm, 1250mm, 1560mm, 2050mm 
* Lengths: 2440mm, 3000mm, 3050mm, 4050mm 
* Finishes: white (plus 9 other colors) 
Less expensive than KomaCel.
Suppliers have KomaTex in larger quantities (vs KomaCel) because it’s desired for its fire resistance in outdoor and construction uses.
== Resources and Citations ==
*[1] Assessing the Suitability of Unplasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) for Museum Showcase Construction, Michael J. Samide and Greg Smith, 2020 Link 
* CCI Technical Bulletin 32 - Products Used in Preventive Conservation Link
* Kommerling: website
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: Board/Panel, PlasticCategory: Foams
Komatsuken, Courtesan Parading with Two Kamuro, 11.19711

Courtesan Parading with Two Kamuro
道中の遊女と禿
Komatsuken
Designer: Ryûkôdô Sayô
Edo period about 1766 (Meiwa 3)
Other impressions: 21.5693
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	dayflower
Pt 2 	 	 	gamboge
Pt 3 	 	 	sappanwood (what if the yellow is gamboge, can you tell?)
Pt 4 	 	 	dayflower
Pt 5 	 	 	sappanwood
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Komatsuken (小松軒・小松屋百亀) 1720-1794
Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant
Komatsuken, Young Man as the Bodhisattva Monju, 11.30137

Young Man as the Bodhisattva Monju
見立文殊
Komatsuken
Edo period 1765 (Meiwa 2)
Other impressions: 21.5696
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	sappanwood
Pt 2 	 	 	gamboge
Pt 3 	 	 	lead white
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Komatsuken (小松軒・小松屋百亀) 1720-1794
Category:Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Lead white: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant
Komatsuken, Young Woman as the Bodhisattva Fugen, 11.30136

Young Woman as the Bodhisattva Fugen
見立普賢菩薩
Komatsuken
Edo period 1765 (Meiwa 2)
Other impressions: 21.5697
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	gamboge
Pt 2 	 	 	sappanwood
Pt 3 	 	 	lead white, orpiment (FORS to be run)
Pt 4 	 	 	lead white
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Komatsuken (小松軒・小松屋百亀) 1720-1794
Category:Gamboge: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Lead white: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant
Korax

== Description ==
Generic name for the liquid 1-chloro-1-nitropropane. Korax is a fungicide and is often an additive in commercial formulations.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1-chloro-1-nitropropane
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
* ChemService: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Miscible with most organic solvents. Slight soluble in water.
CAS 	600-25-9
Boiling Point	170.6 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Kornelite

== Description ==
Silky, fibrous pink to violet color crystals of hydrated ferrous sulfate. Kornelite crystals were named after Kornel Hlavacsek, Hungarian geologist. It occurs naturally as a rare, and commercially unimportant, mineral. It generally occurs from the oxidation of iron sulfides (pyrites).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kornellite (sp); iron (III) sulfate; ferric sulfate heptahydrate
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Composition = Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O
* Soluble in water 
* Affected by moisture in air
* Density = 2.306 g/ml
* Monoclinic crystals generally occurring as needles or aggregates
* Cleavage = good in one direction
* Streak = pale red
* Fluorescence = none
==Resources and Citations==
* Mindat.org: Kornelite Accessed Dec 2022
* Web Mineral: Kornelite Accessed Dec 2022
* Website: http://labs.sci.qut.edu.au/minerals/mineral%20general%20descriptions/K/Kornelitepcd.htm
* Wikipedia: Iron(III)sulfate Accessed Dec 2022
Category:Materials database
Koryusai, Descending Geese at Mimeguri, from the series Fashionable Eight Views of Edo, 11.14627

Descending Geese at Mimeguri (Mimeguri no rakugan), from the series Fashionable Eight Views of Edo (Fûryû Edo hakkei)
「風流江戸八景　三囲ノ落雁」
Isoda Koryûsai (1735–1790)
Edo period about 1776–81 (An'ei 5–Tenmei 1)
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	flavonoid
Pt 2 	 	 	dayflower, safflower
Pt 3 	 	 	dayflower
Pt 4 	 	 	madder, safflower, sappanwood
Pt 5 	 	 	red lead
Pt 6 	 	 	dayflower
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Isoda Koryusai (礒田湖龍斎) 1735–1790
Category:Flavonoids: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Sappanwood: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Red lead: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Dayflower/Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Koryusai, Twilight Snow of the Bride, from the series Eight Views of Fashionable Human Relations, 11.19541

Twilight Snow of the Bride (Hanayome no bosetsu), from the series Eight Views of Fashionable Human Relations (Fûryû jinrin mitate hakkei)
「風流人倫見立八景　花よめのぼせつ」
Isoda Koryûsai (1735–1790)
Edo period about 1770–72 (Meiwa 7–An'ei 1)
for more information see:
MFA Online Collections Database
== Summary == 
Analysis point	Image	Method	Results
Pt 1 	 	 	dayflower, safflower
Pt 2 	 	 	indigo, orpiment
Pt 3 	 	 	lead white, red lead
Pt 4 	 	 	dayflower
Pt 5 	 	 	madder, safflower
Pt 6 	 	 	dayflower, safflower
Pt 7 	 	 	dayflower
Note: The center of the circle is point of analysis.
Category:Isoda Koryusai (礒田湖龍斎) 1735–1790
Category:Dayflower/Safflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Indigo/Orpiment: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Lead white: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Madder: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Red lead: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Lead white: Ukiyo-e colorant
Category:Dayflower: Ukiyo-e colorant
Kozo

== Description ==
Kozo is used as a general term for Japanese paper made from the inner bark of mulberry trees, such as the mulberry paper Broussonetia papyrifera and bast paper fibers harvested from that plant. Kozo papers are often used for backing when Asian scrolls are relined. Kozo is an important paper fiber in traditional Japanese, Korean, and Chinese hand-papermaking. The inner bark requires little chemical intervention to create high quality, long fibers that are low in lignin. The long fiber length and high percentage of alpha cellulose impart strength to Kozo papers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kozo paper; paper mulberry; torinoko (at least 20% kozo); hosho (thick); moriki (delicate)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Paper fiber type: non-woody/bast. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers appear thick walled with varying width. A distinct cuticle layer is present on the outside of fibers. Dislocations and cross-markings are present, but faint. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: purple-red, ranging from light to dark. Average dimensions of fibers: length 10mm, width 30 μm. Common pulping method: prepared by retting and mechanical separation.
== Additional Images ==
File:Kozo.jpg|thumb|Kozo/Paper Mulberry
File:kozo_proc_det.jpg|Kozo
File:Kozo 40x.jpg|Kozo fibers stained with Graff "C" Stain at 40x
File:Kozo strips.jpg|Preparation of Kozo for papermaking
== Resources and Citations ==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995. 
* Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
* Bernard Toale, The Art of Papermaking, Davis Publications, Portland OR, 1983
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Kraft paper

== Description ==
A strong, coarse paper made from unbleached sulfate pulp converted from wood pulp by the Kraft process. Kraft paper is strong, water resistant and normally brown in color, although it can be bleached to produce white sheets. Kraft paper is used commercially for packaging and grocery bags. In painting conservation, strips of the strong paper have been used to attach the exterior edges of the painting in a temporary stretcher. Some commercial framing studios use the nonarchival paper to seal the back of framed photographs and prints. Unbleached kraft paper contains about 5% lignin and will become brittle and acidic with age.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
brown paper; sack paper; papier kraft (Fr.)
==Applications==
* Packaging for food, cement, consumer goods, cushioning in boxes
* Electrical insulation, sandpaper
* Bleached kraft paper is used as Butcher paper
== Collection Risks ==
* Nonarchival
* Contains lignin and sulfur
* Will become acidic as it degrades and may emit volatiles
==Environmental Risks==
* Easily recycled, unless it has been coated
* Made from wide range of wood and wood scraps as well as some non-wood species (bamboo, kenaf)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Grammage = 40-135 g/m2 
* High elasticity and tear resistance
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Kraft paper Accessed Nov. 2024
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Sheet, Cellulose
Kraft process

== Description ==
A chemical method of producing paper pulp from wood chips using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in hot water. The kraft process has been used since 1890, but only gained popularity after an efficient system developed in 1930s to recover and reuse the inorganic pulping chemicals. Now, the kraft process is the most popular method for producing wood pulp in the US due to advantages over soda and sulfite pulping methods. Unlike the sulfite process, any wood species can be used. Additionally, cooking times are reduced, and the waste recovery is nearly a closed cycle process. Chemically, the kraft process breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, then breaks down the lignin and hemicellulose into soluble fragments while leaving the cellulose fibers. In the final recovery process, rosin soaps, tall oil, and Turpentine are by-products as well as volatile sulfur emissions. The resultant kraft paper is strong but brown due to approximately 5% residual lignin. Bleaching can be done to produce white paper, but this also decreases the strength of the fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sulfate pulp; kraft pulping; alkaline pulping; kraft pulp; softwood bleached kraft; softwood kraft; hardwood bleached kraft; hardwood kraft
== Other Properties ==
Kraft pulp tends to be stronger than other types of pulp, but actual strength varies by species. Due to higher levels of chromophores, kraft pulps tend to be darker than sulfite pulps.
When stained with Graff "C" stain, kraft pulp can appear in a range of colors depending on the wood type (softwood or hardwood) and the amount of bleaching. Unbleached kraft pulps will appear yellow or blue/grey. With increased bleaching, pulps will appear lighter and tend more toward red when treated with stain, though this can be difficult to see with hardwood pulps. The stained color of kraft pulp tends to be darker than sulfite pulp.
== Additional Images ==
File:SUBK 40x label.jpg|Softwood kraft paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
File:Redoak vessels 10x.jpg|Hardwood kraft paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
Sycamore 10x2.jpg|Hardwood kraft paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
Ash 10x.jpg|Hardwood paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
UBK sugar pine 10x.jpg|Softwood kraft paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
==Resources and Citations==
* J.R.G. Bryce.“Sulfite Pulping” and “Alkaline Pulping”. Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Volume 1, Edition 3. John Wiley & Sons, 1980. James P. Casey Ed.
* Christopher Biermann. Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking. Academic Press, 1993.
* J. H. Graff "Color Atlas for Fiber Identification" The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, WI, 1940.
* Walter Rantanen. 'Fiber ID Course.' Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
* TAPPI Official Standard T401 om-08. Fiber analysis of paper and paperboard. 2008. http://www.tappi.org/Downloads/Test-Methods/UNTITLED-0104T401pdf.aspx
* Wikipedia: Kraft process Accessed Nov. 2024
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Sheet, Cellulose
Kraft yarn

== Description ==
An inexpensive, often homemade, cellulosic twine made by wetting, then twisting strips of kraft paper. The strong cord is used for tying small packages, making rugs, and forming upholstery webbing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kraft twisting; paper twine
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database