nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Diterpene

== Description ==
A chemical class of C20 hydrocarbon compounds that constitute the natural resins obtained from trees in the Coniferae and Leguminosae families. Cyclic diterpenes follow three basic structural types: abietic acid, pimaric acid, and labdane (Mills and White 1994). Examples of natural resins formed from diterpenoid compounds: rosin, Venice turpentine, Strasbourg turpentine, Canada balsam, copaiba balsam, sandarac, and copal.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
diterpenoid resin
==Resources and Citations==
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994, pp 85-92.
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Chemical Compound." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 16 July 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Dithizone

== Description ==
Blue-black crystalline powder used as a colorimetric reagent for the detction of zinc in metal objects, corrosion products, and pigments (Odegaard et al 2000). Zinc reacts with dithizone to produce a pink-red residue. Dithizone also reacts with silver (violet), copper (dark yellow), lead (dark red), and mercury (orange).
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|dithizone.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
diphenylthiocarbazone; phenyldiazenecarbothioic acid 2-phenylhydrazide
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Insoluble in water. Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform Slightly soluble in alcohols.
Composition 	C13H12N4S
CAS 	60-10-6
Melting Point 	168 C (dec)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 256.32
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry #3395
* N.Odegaard, S.Carroll, W.Zimmt, Material Characterization Tests for Objects of Art and Archaeology, Archetype Publications, London, 2000, p.96.
Category:Materials database
Divi-divi

== Description ==
The tannin-rich pods from the Caesalpinia coriaria tree native to the West Indies and South America. The 3-inch long pods contain a high percentage (up to 45%) of water-soluble, pyrogallol tannin. Divi-divi produces a light colored leather that tends to be soft and spongy unless combined with another type of tanning agent. When fermented, divi-divi develops a deep red color that is used to dye for leather.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dividivi
Category:Materials database
Dix Island granite

== Description ==
A medium grain, gray granite quarried on Dix Island, Maine, from the mid 19th century. Dix Island granite was used for the U.S. Treasury building, the New York Post Office, and the Charleston Custom House.
==Resources and Citations==
* Website: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Places/volcanic_past_washington_DC.html
* Website: http://www.cagenweb.com/quarries/states/me-maine_granite_quarry_list2.html
Category:Materials database
Document Cleaning Pads

== Description ==
[Lineco] A brand name for small pillow-like pads that contain an absorbent powder. Lineco's Document Cleaning Pads evenly disperse the absorbent powder onto soiled surfaces. The non-abrasive powder attracts and retains dust and dirt which can then be brushed away. The powder is also sold separately as Document Cleaning Powder.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lineco's Document Cleaning pads; Document Cleaning Powder
==Resources and Citations==
* Lineco: Document Cleaning Pads
Category:Materials database
Doeskin leather

== Description ==
1) A fine, soft leather made from the skin of a doe (female deer), antelope or gazelle. 
2) A light-color, suede leather produced from lamb, sheep, or goat skins. This soft leather is usually tanned with formaldehyde/oil or formaldehyde/alum.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ante (Esp.); hertenhuid/geitenhuid (Ned.); hertsleer/geitenleer (Ned.);fijne wollen stof (Ned.); soort bukskin (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Dog

== Description ==
Any of several hundred breeds of domesticated mammal of the canine family (Canidae). Dogs have been domesticated for over 14,000 years. They are naturally social animals and are highly trainable.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dogs (pl.); hund (Dan., Nor., Sven.); Haushund (Deut.); perro (esp.); chien (Fr.); cane (It.); hond (Ned.); pies domowy (Pol.); cão (Port.); câine (Rom.); dog hair
== Additional Images ==
File:dog2wp2.jpg|Dog
File:doglarge.jpg|Dog hair
* For dog hair identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Dog
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Dog." 26 Apr. 2004.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog (Accessed Nov. 2, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Dogwood

== Description ==
A hardwood tree from the family Cornaceae found throughout Europe, Asia and the North America. Although dogwood is primarily grown as an ornamental tree, its fine-grain wood is hard and heavy. It has been used for small ornamental items and utilitarian items such as skate rollers, golf club heads, and pulleys. Since the 1970s, many dogwoods in North America have been damaged or killed by the dogwood blight disease.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cornaceae; flowering dogwood (Cornus florida); kornel (Dan.); Hartriegel (Deut.); Hornstrauch (Deut.); cornouiller (Fr.)
== Other Properties ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Tree height = 40 feet (maximum) 
* Flowers = white or pink in springtime followed by red oval-shaped berries in the fall.
* Density = 47 ppcf
== Additional Images ==
File:Cnuttallflorm.jpg|Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii
File:cornusfloridaradiallarge.jpg|Dogwood
==Resources and Citations==
* Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Common Dogwood,Cornus sanguinea L.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 273
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/abramowitz/pages/cornusfloridaradialsmall.html
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogwood (Accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=47 ppcf (0.76 g/cm3)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Dolerite

== Description ==
The term dolerite originally applied to dark, fine-grain basalts. Now dolerite is used synonymously with diabase.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
diabase; dolerito (Port.); dolerit (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technologies, Paul Nicholson, Ian Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 Comment: B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone"
Category:Materials database
Dolomitic limestone

== Description ==
A limestone that contains 10 % to 49 % of the mineral dolomite. Dolomitic limestone is different than calcitic limestone in that it dissolves very slowly in dilute acid solutions rather than quickly. It also has slightly greater compression and tensile strength.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
calcaire dolomitique (Fr.); calcário dolomítico (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009.
* Wikipedia: Dolomite (accessed March 2010)
Category:Materials database
Dolomitic marble

== Description ==
A white, medium-grain marble composed of greater than 90% calcium magnesium carbonate (see dolomite). Dolomitic marbles were quarried in Cape Vathy on Thasos from antiquity to about the 5th century CE.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
snowflake marble; magnesian marble; mármore dolomítico (Port.); marbre dolomitique (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Janet Burnett Grossman, Looking at Greek and Roman Sculpture in Stone, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2003
Category:Materials database
Domestic goat

== Description ==
A cured goatskin that is ready for export. Domestic goatskins are usually cured by salting (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Dongola leather

== Description ==
Imitation kidskin prepared from goat, sheep or calf skins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dongola kid
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Donsu

== Description ==
A Japanese silk fabric woven with a pattern.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Don Su
== Additional Images ==
File:Don_Su1.jpg|Donsu
File:Don_Su2.jpg|Donsu
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Doran oil

== Description ==
A resinous exudation obtained from the dorana tree, Diteracarpus glandulosus, native to Sri Lanka. Doran oil has been used a a paint binder and a preservative coating (called valitti).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
valitti
==Resources and Citations====
* B.D.Nandadeva, Materials used in Sri Lanka, personal communication, 1995
Category:Materials database
Dorchester stone

== Description ==
A greenish-gray, medium-grain sandstone quarried in the vicinity of Shepody Mountain, near Sackville, Westmoreland County, New Brunswick. Dorchester stone is used as a building stone in Canada and the United States (Bucher 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sackville Freestone
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Dore

== Description ==
1) A surface with gilding.
2) A mixture of gold and silver prepared in cast bars.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
doré (Fr.); dourado (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, Compact Edition, 1971
Category:Materials database
Dormant oil

== Description ==
A refined, mineral oil used as a nontoxic insecticide. In agriculture, dormant oil is used to coat plants during the winter, or dormant season, when it can suffocate the insects without killing the plant.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
refined mineral oil
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Dorset marble

== Description ==
A coarse-grain marble quarried east of Dorset in Bennington County, Vermont since 1825 (Bucher 1996). Various colors are available. Dorset A is a cream color marble while Dorset B, also called Plateau white, is creme with gray clouds. Dorset Green Bed is a cream colored marble with faint green clouds and darker grayish green streaks. Dorset Mountain is a pale bluish tone marble with light gray streaks. Dorset marbles are used for buildings and interior decoration. They polish to a medium gloss.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dorset A; Dorset B; Dorset Green Bed; Dorset Mountain; Plateau white; Dorset Italian marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Dosimeter

== Description ==
1 - A passive sampling device generally worn by people to monitor their exposure level to pollutants or radiation. Photographic emulsions are used for radioactive exposure dosimeters. Gaseous pollutant dosimeters are either based on colorimetric or sorbent systems. The colorimetric dosimeters are pollutant specific, direct reading badges with a color response due to a chemical reaction. The sorbent dosimeter are nonspecific, non-direct reading badges that absorb many types of pollutants. They must be returned to the manufacturer for pollutant measurements. Some dosimeter badges may be modified to be applicable for museum usage, such as the GMD systems formaldehyde dosimeter which has a detection limit of 0.2 ppb for a 24 hour exposure.
2 - The same word is used to design an instrument dedicated to the measurement of the ionising radiation absorbed dose (in Grays (SI units) or in rads) delivered by a source of X-rays, gamma rays or any other type of ionising radiation.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dosimeter (Deut.); Dosismessgerät (Deut.); dosimètre (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
1 - P.Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002.
2 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose
Category:Materials database
Double cloth

== Description ==
A compound fabric prepared from two layers of textile that are interwoven together. Double cloth may simply be woven at the edges or, more often, the two fabrics overlay each other in the loom and are connected in a pattern of selected points by working warp or weft yarns from one layer into the opposite face. Double cloth is a warm, dense fabric that is used for blankets, overcoating, and brocade.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
doublecloth; double weave; dubbel weefsel (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Double glazing

== Description ==
Two panes of glass hermetically sealed with a dead air space between. Double glazing is used for insulated windows. When the seal is broken, moisture may condense between the two panes forming a haze. The fogging is remedied by drilling small weep holes at the bottom of the inner pane to provide better circulation. The insulation value is only slightly decreased.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
double vitrage (Fr.); vidro-duplo (Port.); insulated window; 
Brand names: Thermopane [Libby-Owens]; Twindow
Category:Materials database
Double gold

== Description ==
Gold sheets that are heavier and thicker than regular gold leaf. Purchased double gold, however, is not usually twice the thickness of regular gold and may only be may be 10-20% thicker. Double gold may also be prepared by using a double sheet of regular gold leaf. The thicker material is easier to handle and gives a brighter, more unified finish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
double weight gold; Doppelgold (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Doum palm

== Description ==
A slender palm tree, Hyphaene thebaica, native to the Nile Valley of northeast Africa. Fronds from the doum palm yield a stiff fiber that has been used for basketry, mats, tent covers, scrubbing brushes, brooms, and cords. Doum palm wood is dense and strong. It has been used for boats, carpentry and veneer (Gale et al 2000).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Hyphaene thebaica; doom palm; dom palm; gingerbread palm
==Resources and Citations==
* R.Gale, P.Gasson, N.Hepper, G.Killen, "Wood" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 334-371.
* F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, Bristish Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doum_palm (Accessed Jan. 25, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Doupion silk

== Description ==
An irregular silk thread produced when threads from two or more cocoons are spun together. The entangled filaments produce a rough yarn with uneven thick and thin areas. Doupion silk is used to make shantung or pongee fabric for suits and dresses.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
douppioni; dupion; dupioni; doupin; seda salvaje (Esp.); doupionzijde (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Website: www.fabrics.net
Category:Materials database
Dove Blue Rutland marble

== Description ==
A general designation for dark, blue-gray marbles quarried in Rutland County, Vermont (Bucher 1996). In general, these are a high quality blue stone that takes a high polish. They were used for buildings, interior decoration and monuments. 
Some product names include:
* Dove Blue Rutland - a uniform blue-gray marble
* Dark Blue Rutland -dark bluish gray marble with white clouds
* Dark Vein True Blue - dark bluish-gray marble with darker veins and white spots
==Resources and Citations==
* W. Bucher, Dictionary of Building Preservation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.
Category:Materials database
Dow Corning 3110 RTV

== Description ==
[Dow Corning Corp., Midland, MI] A registered trademark for a white, low viscosity silicone rubber that can be cured for use as a gap filler, adhesive or flexible mold. Dow Corning® 3100 RTV Silicone Rubber contains a silicone elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane) mixed with cristobalite (up to 15%), quartz (up to 1%), diatomaceous earth (5%), alumina hydrate (7%) and tetrapropyl orthosilicate (3%). When 10 parts of 3110 RTV are mixed with catalyst S, the silicone will cure in 24 hours. The cure rate is controllable, from 20 minutes to 48 hours by varying the type and amount of catalyst. As with most silicone rubbers, 3110 RTV has good chemical resistance and handling properties. Shrinkage is listed as 0.3-0.6%.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dow Corning 3100 RTV Silicone Rubber
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Density	1.14 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* MSDS Sheet Comment: at MFA Conservation dept.
Category:Materials database
Dow Corning Adhesive/Sealant Selection Guide

==Description== 
[Dow] A major manufacturer of adhesives and sealants provides numerous tools for the selection of their products such as the table shown below: 
==Resources and Citations==
* Dow Corning: [https://www.dow.com/content/dam/dcc/documents/en-us/catalog-selguide/11/11-39/11-3921-01-advanced-silicone-adhesives-and-sealants.pdf Adhesives and Sealants Selection Guide
Category:Materials database Category:MWG Category:Adhesives Category:Caulks
Dowfume 75

== Description ==
[Dow Chemical] A brand name for a fumigant. Dowfume 75 consists of 70% ethylene dichloride with 30% carbon tetrachloride added to reduce flammability. Both ethylene dichloride and carbon tetrachloride are strong solvents that will dissolve oils, waxes, fats, paints and many polymers. Degradation products and or impurities in Dowfume 75 may corrode aluminum, magnesium and their alloys (Zycherman and Schrock, 1988).
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Human carcinogen. 
* Ethylene dichloride is flammable and vapors are explosive.
==Resources and Citations==
* L. Zycherman, J.R. Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC, Washington, DC, 1988.
Category:Materials database
Dowfume G

== Description ==
[Dow Chemical] A brand name for a fumigant. Used from about 1962 to 1967, Dowfume G was a mixture of ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, and carbon tetrachloride. The liquid mixture was placed in open cups inside storage rooms. It is no longer used because of its toxicity.
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Human carcinogen. 
* Ethylene dichloride is flammable and vapors are explosive.
==Resources and Citations==
* L. Goldberg, A History Of Pest Control Measures In The Anthropology Collections, National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, JAIC (35):23-43, 1996
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
Category:Materials database
Dowicide

== Description ==
[Dow Chemical] A brand name for a series of phenolic compounds used as disinfectants, fungicides, and preservatives. Dowicide is added to water-based paints such as casein, distemper, and gum tempera. 
* Dowicide A: contains sodium ortho-phenyl phenate
* Dowicide B: contains sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenate
* Dowicide 1: contains ortho-phenyl phenol 
* Dowicide G: contains sodium pentachlorophenate
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, methanol and acetone.
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
Category:Materials database
Down

== Description ==
A fine, soft, fluffy undergrowth of short hairs or feathers. Commercial down, usually obtained from ducks and waterfowl, is lightweight and resilient. When used as a filling, down provides insulation and loft. It is used in winter coats, sleeping bags, bedding, and pillows. Trade regulation rules allow a garment to be labeled 100% down when it contains a minimum of 80% down. Most down is imported from China, Taiwan, Poland, and eastern Europe.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dons (Ned.); plumón (Esp.)
== Additional Images ==
File:swan down single.jpg|Swan down
File:down unspun.jpg|Unspun down
File:downfeatherlarge.jpg|Down feathers
File:featherdownkes.jpg|Down feathers
==Resources and Citations==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_feathers (Accessed Nov. 2, 2005)
Category:Materials database