Race and Ethnicity in the Twelve Colonies

At Battlestar Wiki, we recognize that race is a problematic concept without any concrete biological definition. Nevertheless, the topic of racial identity in the Twelve Colonies has proven of interest to many fans of the show. Therefore, this page serves to review the information available as best as possible.
In this article, we have chosen to indicate race by apparent region of origin, within the following broadly defined categories: European, (Sub-Saharan) African, Middle Eastern, South Asian, East Asian, and (Native) American. Where bi- or multi-racial individuals are noted, component ethnicities are listed in alphabetical order. Issues relating to the Adama family are briefly discussed in their own section near the end of the article.
Colonials whose appearances correspond to various real-world ethnicities appear in the Re-imagined Series and Caprica. As yet, no reference has been made to race, nor any allusions to racial identities or racial discrimination, as it would be defined in the real world. Tensions between different Colonies are portrayed, and are called racial, but there appears to be as much variation in appearance within colonies as there is between them. Thus, the writers use differences between the colonies, as exemplified by Gemenon and Sagittaron, to mirror real-world race issues. In "The Woman King" uses the term "racist" to describe the Sagittaron-hating Dr. Robert. In the Caprica pilot, Joseph Adama asks if Val Chambers is making a "racial comment" about Joseph's Tauron ancestry. 
The two finalists for the part of were Grace Park and Katee Sackhoff, implying that, for some parts at least, the producers employed color-blind casting. Nevertheless, analysis of the ethnic mix of the Twelve Colonies has intrigued fans of the series.
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==Race and Nationality==
In general, no clear associations have been made between particular ethnic groups and individual colonies. Furthermore, there is some evidence within the series that race and colony of origin are not strongly correlated - when Baltar attempts to guess at Boomer's place of origin in "Flesh and Bone," he comments on her accent, not her physical appearance. For more on this, see the article Language in the Twelve Colonies.
It is generally accepted that the Colonials originally emigrated from a single planet (i.e. Kobol and/or Earth). This being the case, it is entirely possible that the various apparent races are reasonably homogeneously distributed across all of the Twelve Colonies (i.e. there are both European and African Sagittarons, Gemenese, etc. rather than all of the Europeans coming from one tribe/colony, all the Asians from another, etc).
What follows is a list of individuals whose colony of origin has been unambiguously identified, along with their apparent ethnicity.
===Aerilon===
*Sharon Valerii - east Asian (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon infiltrator)
*Sekou Hamilton - African
*Gaius Baltar - European
*Socinus - American and European
*Saul Tigh - European (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon)
===Canceron===
*Robin Wenutu - European
===Caprica===
*William Adama - American and European
:The actor, Edward James Olmos, would probably be identified as "Latino," "mestizo," or "Hispanic". Olmos is a social activist working to help the Hispanic-American community, Olmos has made favorable remarks about having the opportunity to play one of the first significant Latino characters in space.
*Carolanne Adama - European
**Lee and Zak Adama - their children, see note below.
*Laura Roslin - European
*Kara Thrace - European (Born on Picon according to Sky One; nomadic childhood; this info is not confirmed.)
*Aaron Doral - European (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon)
*James McManus - European
*Tory Foster - south Asian (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon)
*Michael Robert - European
*Daniel Graystone - European
*Amanda Graystone - European
*Zoe Graystone - European
*Lacy Rand - European
*Baxter Sarno - European
===Gemenon===
*Sarah Porter - African
*Venner - European and African
*Galen Tyrol - European (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon)
*Rya Kibby - European
*Jurgen Belzen - European
===Picon===
*Safiya Sanne - East Asian (but see his article for some debate on origins)
*Playa Palacios - European
*Asha Janik - European
*Samuel Anders - European (purported, actually a humanoid Cylon)
===Sagittaron===
*Anastasia Dualla - African and European
*Leon Grimes - American and European
*Tom Zarek - European
*Portia King - European
**Willie King - Her son, also European
*Jacob Cantrell - European
*The Sagittaron quarter of Camp Oil Slick is shown in "The Woman King" to constitute various ethnicities.
*Clarice Willow - European
===Tauron===
*Helena Cain - European
*Sam Adama - Eastern European
*Joseph Adama - American
*Shannon Adama - European
*Tamara Adama - American and European
*Guatrau - American
*Tomas Vergis - European
*A young woman at Backtalk With Baxter Sarno - Asian
*Various members of the *Ha'la'tha - Various, mostly European and American
===Virgon===
*Marshall Bagot - European
==Race and Sexuality==
:An article dedicated to sexuality in the re-imagined series can be found at Sexuality in Battlestar Galactica (RDM).
Interracial couplings seem common to the point of ubiquity, and have never been commented upon. It is interesting that appearances corresponding to what in the real world are widely considered clearly definable ethnic groups continue to exist in light of this. Notable interracial couples:
*William and Caroline Adama
*Sharon Valerii and Galen Tyrol
*Sharon and (Tahmoh Penikett, who plays Agathon, is American and European)
*Anastasia Dualla and Billy Keikeya (Keikeya is European)
*Anastasia Dualla and Lee Adama
*Tory Foster and Gaius Baltar
That being said, at least one individual, Kara Thrace, has only been shown in sexual relationships with individuals of her own race: Gaius Baltar, Samuel Anders, and the Adama brothers (although see the note below regarding their ethnicity).
==The Adama Brothers==
The Miniseries received some criticism for casting Edward James Olmos, a dark-skinned Latino, as the father of Jamie Bamber, a pale-skinned Englishman. These points were addressed somewhat in the first season, during which viewers are briefly introduced to both Carolanne and Zak Adama. During a dinner party in "Tigh Me Up, Tigh Me Down," Ellen Tigh offers her opinion that takes after his mother in appearance, while Zak took after his father. Since human skin pigmentation is determined by several genes which can be inherited independently, this scenario is quite plausible.
As such, it is difficult to pigeonhole the Adama brothers as being of either European descent (as Lee appears, and his actor is) or mixed American and European (as Zak appears, and his actors have been). Where relevant, it is probably best to consider them both of approximately 1/4 American and 3/4 European descent, regardless of the genetic background of the actors who played them.
In an effort to increase the resemblance between the two characters, Olmos wore blue contact eye lenses to show some genetic commonality with Bamber. Jamie Bamber also dyed his blond hair brown to more closely resemble his on-screen father.
=="Ethnic" Names==
Some characters have distinctly Indo-European personal names or surnames which span multiple "Earth" languages and their generally associated ethnic origins: these include first names such as James, William, Laura, and Helena, and surnames like Jones, Novacek, Smith, Costanza and McManus.
Other characters have surnames that are of non-western origins, such as Zarek, Keikeya, Jahee and Wenutu.
There are also ancient Greek, Roman and Hebrew names. Personal and surnames, names of locations in use, as well as names like "Adama" which are carry-overs from the Original Series: Prosna, Socinus, Cally, Playa Palacios, Valerii, Agathon, Thrace, etc.
Often these are combined: Sekou Hamilton, Cally Henderson, Billy Keikeya, Gaius Baltar, William Adama, and Louis Hoshi.
To make matters even more complicated, these names do not correspond to either ethnic or "racial" populations among the surviving Colonial citizens, nor do they align with Colonial nationalism. Not all Sagittarons have a European personal name like "Tom" and a Hebrew surname like "Zarek" and not all dark-skinned characters have non-western first names like "Sekou". Daniel Novacek (played by Carl Lumbly, an actor of Jamaican origin), for instance, has an Eastern European surname. In "Blood and Chrome," when Xander Toth is mistaken for a Captain Ramirez, he rhetorically asks, "Do I look like a Ramirez?," the first suggestion that name and apparent ethnicity correspond in the Twelve Colonies.
It is interesting to note the prevalence of Indian/Sanskrit names such as Singh (Lion) in Gara Singh, Patel (Village Chief) in Sasha Patel, or Priyah (Beloved) in Priyah Magnus, as well as other typically Indo-European pagan names like the Germanic Olaf (Ancestor's Heirloom) in Olaf Willow. This is interesting to note because the 12 Colonies seem to be based on ancient polytheistic Indo-European cultures (Germanic, Roman, Greek and Indian). Scholarship over the last century has determined that many of the languages and polytheistic religions of Europe and India are related (both English and Hindi are members of the Indo-European language family for example, and Greek Zeus/Latin Jūpiter/Sanskrit Dyáus Pitā are all thought to be references to a common Proto-Indo-European deity), indicating a precursor culture known as Proto-Indo-European existed. Sanskrit, the oldest surviving Indo-European language (today used as a liturgical language in Buddhism and Hinduism), is frequently used in religious hymns by the Colonials, and Roman/Greek alternative names like Jupiter/Zeus are used interchangeably. The implication could be that the survivors of the Colonial exodus are the ancestors of the real Proto-Indo-European cultures who gave their language and religion to Europe, Iran and India.
==Notes==
For a discussion of race in BSG, see this blog post from the Radical Compounds blog: Is BSG Post-Racial or is that not even the problem? 
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Category:Colonial Society (RDM)
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