nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Pharisee

The Pharisees were a Jewish movement that existed during the Second Temple period, characterized by an encyclopedic knowledge of the Hebrew Scripture and a fixation with the minutiae of said scripture as a means of understanding God's will. For example the scripture required tithing — giving 10% of income, or yearly increase — to the priesthood. Pharisees went to the trouble of counting the seeds and leaves of the plants in their garden and tithing on those amounts.
The Pharisees also emphasized strong moral ideals, some of which would be seen as impractical to most people. Most of these are laid out in the section of the Talmud known as 
The New Testament describes them in invariably negative terms. According to Christian tradition, the Pharisees sought harsh penalties for the smallest of infractions, and, like all fanatics, considered themselves far more important than everyone else. As a result, the term pharisee is considered an insult in Western culture, generally meaning a hypocritical, self-righteous nitpicker. 
However, the Pharisees were also one of the most prominent sects of Judaism due to their emphasis on scriptural knowledge and interpretation, and were also the ones most directly responsible for the creation of the immense body of theological commentary known as the Talmud (as well as Rabbinic Judaism as a whole) as a way to preserve Jewish identity after the destruction of the Second Temple and the last vestiges of the Judahite temple-state. The traditional Jewish emphasis on learning and study from medieval to modern times is therefore a direct positive legacy of Pharisaic influence.
==See also==
*Biblical literalism
Category:Judaism
Phenotype

Phenotype is the set or type to which an organism belongs based on observable anatomical or structural, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral inherited characteristics. These characteristics can be identified by observation of development and
morphology (physical structure). Characteristics need not be visible but must be observable in some manner. Characteristics may be discreet, as blood type, or continuously varying, as hair color.
==Origin of term==
Wilhelm Johannsen creatcoined the term "phenotype" in 1911 in contradistinction to "genotype" (genetic set or type). These terms had similar functions to August Weismann's concepts of "body" (soma) and "heredity". The concepts stem from Gregor Mendel's hypothesis of internal genetic elements that produce external appearances and yet maintain their discrete individuality.
==Description of process==
:See main article: Gene expression
The formation of an individual organism's phenotype occurs by the information from a gene's DNA being transcribed to an RNA molecule. The information now carried on the RNA molecule codes for the chemical structure of one of various proteins from which cells are built. Thus the phenotype is the result of interpreting instructions derived from the genotype. Note that the genotype is never affected by any aspect of the phenotype. In other words there can be no inheritance of acquired characteristics.
The phenotype of a heterozygote genome can be intermediate between those of the homozygous genomes, or both alleles can be expressed. A gene can code for more than one trait.
==Relationship to genotype==
The relationship between genotype and phenotype is many-to-many. That is, there can be different genotypes corresponding to a given phenotype. This can be the result of inactive, recessive, inhibited, or weak genes. The ability to produce the same phenotype despite variability of genotype, or environment, is known as "canalization" or "developmental buffering." Thus one cannot always make inferences about the genotype based on the phenotype.
Similarly a given genotype can correspond to many different phenotypes, making predictions of phenotype from genotype difficult. This can be due to "chained gene effects," biological processes, aging, or random variation. The environment can have such a strong effect on
development that phenotype is at times defined as the interaction of a genotype with its environment. "Norm of reaction" refers to the phenotypes expressed for a given genotype in various environments.
The relationship between genotype and phenotype has important implications for evolution. Since phenotypic variation is the raw material for evolution by natural selection, success of a genotype depends on fitness of the expressed phenotype to its environment.
==External links==
*"The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Jan 23, 2004.
==References==
Category:Genetics
Category:Biology
Phil Phillips

Phil Phillips is the author of Turmoil in the Toybox (1st June 1986), Halloween and Satanism (1st June 1987), Saturday Morning Mind Control ( January 1st 1991), and Dinosaurs: The Bible, Barney, and Beyond (1st December 1994), among others. Turmoil in the Toybox is about how the Smurfs, Care Bears, My Little Pony, He-Man, Mighty Mouse, Cabbage Patch Kids, and Rainbow Bright are all leading our precious children into ruin. The other three book titles speak for themselves. Halloween and Satanism includes some, perhaps unwitting, but still overt anti-Semitism on display in the author's choice of images and captions.
Practically his entire repertoire of works fall under the "80s/early 90s Christian paranoia/sensationalism" market. They're also unmentionably bad.[citation NOT needed] His books were sold in every Christian bookstore, on prominent display right next to those of Texe Marrs.
Phil and his wife Cynthia have since authored a book on Attention Deficit Disorder called ADD: Welcome to Our World. The book (also available in audio version) is based on Phil’s personal testimony of finding out, as an adult, that he has ADD. They have also authored Miracle Parenting, on the subject of "Biblical parenting", as well as a Blogspot website entitled "Miracle Families.Miracle Families on blogspot.com; moribund since 2009.
==External links==
*DVD-R Hell on Phil Phillips and Gary Greenwald: part 1, part 2
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Living people
Category:Moral panics
Philip Atkinson 2007 Essay on Democracy

This is the text of an article written by Philip Atkinson for Family Security Matters. The nature of the article was an "Open Letter" or opinion piece. Since the text was highly controversial, and perhaps presented a bad image for Family Security Matters, it was removed from the site. By removing it from their site, they prevent readers from seeing opinions they have held at one point.
RationalWiki retains a copy of this article, and feels it is Fair Use to maintain it, since it has implications on the nature of FSM, but is no longer publicly available.
== The text of the now-deleted article ==
== External links ==
*Gonzo Muckraker: Conversations on Genocide—Though the author of this piece is a Truther.
*Conquering the Drawbacks of Democracy—Original link to the article in question, which now gives a 404 not found error.
Philip Davies

Philip Davies is a member of the United Kingdom's Conservative Party and was the Member of Parliament for Shipley, West Yorkshire from 2005 to 2024. He was one of the most right-wing members of Parliament, and appeared to approve of the National Health Service spending money on homeopathy.
Davies' contribution to British Politics was three-fold. Firstly, he complained about anything he could think of at every opportunity to speak in the House of Commons.TheyWorkForYou.com - Philip Davies He seemed to enjoy using filibustering to stop bills passing on topics such as animal welfare and women's rights.Tory MP Philip Davies Accused Of Trying To Block New Laws On Animal Cruelty And Domestic Violence, The Huffington Post, 24 February 2017 Secondly, he wrote lots of letters to the enquiring if different racist jokes are offensive enough.Article on Philip Davies' letters to EHRC in The Guardian. December, 2009. Thirdly, he is a rallying point for those who campaign against political correctness. He has called for anti-male comments to be covered by hate crime legislation.SNP's Mhairi Black reveals details of online insults she faces daily, The Scotsman, 7 March 2018
Despite the three main parties being in broad consensus on the issue, Davies opposes the minimum wage and seems to think all of the nation's economic problems would be solved with the repeal of the . Meanwhile, he thinks all of our social problems would be solved if prisoners had a truly horrible experience while behind bars, rather than any kind rehabilitation or education.
He was one of six (out of 650) members of Parliament against any kind of reform of Parliament, including expenses, a significant issue after the erupted in 2009. Unsurprisingly, his expenses were some of the highest among MPs.
In 2018, he was accused of trapping female comedian in his Westminster office, holding the door shut to stop her leaving after a disputatious interview about healthcare.MP Philip Davies Accused Of 'Physically' Intimidating Behaviour By Comic Luisa Omielan, Huffington Post, 6 Mar 2018
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Category:British people
Category:Former Members of Parliament (UK)
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Philip J. Klass

Philip Julian Klass was a prominent American UFO skeptic (cranks dubbed him a pseudoskeptic) and editor of the magazine Aviation Week and Space Technology. He is credited with coining the term "avionics". He is most notable for having written several books debunking UFOs. He also offered a US$10,000 reward if certain conditions proving UFOs were met. It remained unclaimed at his death. In 1999, Skeptical Enquirer named him number five on their list of top skeptics of the 20th century.Philip Klass, 85, Debunker of Claims of Flying Saucers, Dies New York Times
== Thorn in the side of UFOlogy ==
 
Klass was born Nov. 8, 1919 in Des Moines, Iowa. With a degree in electrical engineering from Iowa State University, his first job was working on aviation electronics systems for General Electric during World War II. Klass went on to become the first avionics editor of Aviation Week & Space Technology, the premiere journal of the aviation industry.
Perhaps because of his immersion in the reality-based world of aviation and science, Klass did not automatically give the benefit of the doubt to claims of flying saucers and alien abduction that began proliferating in pop culture of the late 1950s and early 60s. His first skeptical analysis and debunking was in response to a 1964 claim by a local Socorro, New Mexico sheriff of encountering a UFO. Klass investigated, and found that things like ball lightning, a prank by local college students, or a hoax designed to bring tourism to the economically depressed town, were much more likely explanations than an alien spacecraft.Philip Klass, 85, Dies; Aviation Journalist, UFO Debunker Washington Post
Klass spent nearly 40 years aggravating cranks, UFO advocates, and alien abduction kooks simply by offering rational, prosaic explanations for sensational claims and fanciful stories. Not afraid to call bullshit by its name, he wrote a number of books such as "UFO Abductions: a Dangerous Game" (1988) and "The Real Roswell Crashed-Saucer Coverup" (1997) that contained scathing critiques of UFOlogy. At one point, disgruntled UFOlogists took to calling Klass a "disinformation agent", hoping that fans would buy into the conspiracy theory that Klass was a tool of the evil government employed to cover up the real truth of alien presence on Earth.
Heard why the supposedly earth-shattering Majestic 12 documents were actually a bald-faced hoax?The New Bogus Majestic-12 Documents CSICOP Or why the sensational "facts" of the Roswell UFO crash were just a combination of wishful thinking, faulty memories, and publishing hype?Demolishing the Roswell ‘Alien’ Myth CSICOP Or how Travis Walton's fantastic alien abduction story was completely bogus?Walton Claims He Is Afraid To Recall What Occurred Aboard UFO CSICOP If you have, you can thank Philip Klass.
In 1999, the grateful astronomers and scientists of the International Astronomical Union named an asteroid (1983 RM2/7277) in his honor.An Interview with Philip J. Klass, the World's Leading UFO Skeptic Gary P. Posner
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Ufology
Philip Snow

Philip Snow is a British young earth creationist and wildlife artist.
Snow has a B.A. in graphics, and his illustrations have appeared in several art exhibitions, over seventy books, and numerous magazines and other printed media.Home page. Snow Art and Books. Studying animals for thirty years led him to reject evolution and embrace young earth creationism. His artistic studies of birds in particular led him to author the creationist book Design and Origin of Birds (2006).
==Snow on evolution==
Snow has no science education, and his opposition to evolution is based on long-discredited creationist arguments and pretending certain facts don't exist. 
He opposes evolution because supposedly Charles Darwin thought that everything evolved by "blind chance from slime""Creationist Artist Philip Snow Is Featured on the BBC Website." Creation Science Movement. 2010 June 10. (there is no evidence Darwin ever suggested such a thing), and denies any evidence for common descent.
He also believes the earth is about 6000 years old, that limestone rock is formed by God in a few hours rather than millions of years by natural processes, and that all organisms were created by God in the same form as they are today (though he seems fine with microevolution)."Anglesey wildlife artist and creationist Philip Snow." BBC. 2010 June 2. 
 
Which is a shame, because he's a damn fine artist.
==Trolling==
Snow may be something of an attention hog, pestering scientists with his ideas about creationism and emailing the British Centre for Science Education (the leading anti-creationist organisation in Europe) so they would place him on their creationist watch list."Who's Who in the UK creationist movements." British Centre for Science Education. 2010 December 22.
==References==
Category:Artists
Category:Authors
Category:British people
Category:Living people
Category:Trolls
Philip Stott

Philip Stott is professor emeritus of biogeography at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London and a former editor (1987–2004) of the Journal of Biogeography. Since retiring from academia he has become a high-profile British climate change denier. Like Bjørn Lomborg - whose work he supports - Stott describes himself as a left of centre environmental "sceptic". "I am a mildly left-wing global warming sceptic."
In a New Statesman article Stott was labelled as "Britain's leading climate-change denier and has built a career on criticising environmentalists. Professor emeritus of biogeography at the University of London, he has no climate-science qualifications". He is a regular contributor to The Times and is on the Academic Advisory Council of The Global Warming Policy Foundation, a UK denialist think tank, founded by Nigel Lawson, whose stated aims are to challenge "extremely damaging and harmful policies put forward to deal with global warming," which in reality is probably less damaging than living through the effects of uncontrolled climate change.
He also appeared in The Great Global Warming Swindle and presented himself as "an expert debunker of environmental myths". 
Stott calls global warming "a politico-(pseudo)scientific construct." His dominant theme is that environmentalism is a "hegemonic myth" promulgated in the media by reporters who are subconsciously controlled by the dominant language ("words of magic"). He asserts that the: "Tropical rain forest' does not exist as an object; it is a human construct and is thus subject to myth making on a grand scale," and says, "forests are never 'developed' or simply 'used'; they can only be 'exploited". How this is supposed to be translated into anything useful, such as governing policy, is unclear.
==Quotes==
"In Europe, the story of human-made global warming has become almost as unassailable as the Genesis creation story in parts of the American Bible Belt. It has morphed into a hegemonic myth." 
"Global warming ‘has become the grand political narrative of the age, replacing Marxism as a dominant force for controlling liberty and human choices’" (Global Warming Politics, May 18, 2009)
"In terms of world systems, the rainforests are basically irrelevant. World weather is governed by the oceans - that great system of ocean atmospherics. Most things that happen on land are mere blips to the system, basically insignificant." 
==External links==
* Philip Stott - profile 
* Philip Stott
* Global Warming as a Myth - Philip Stott from A Parliament of Things
* Global Warming Is Not a Crisis - Opinion article on ABC News by Philip Stott
* SOAS Professor: 'Global warming is a myth' 
* Major reductions in carbon emissions are not worth the money
* EnviroSpin Watch one of Philip Stott's blogs
* Global Warming – A Mammoth Insult To Our Ancestors - Opinion article by Philip Stott
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Denialism-related stubs
Category:United Kingdom
Category:Living people
Philippa Stroud

Philippa Stroud, Baroness Stroud is a British Conservative politician and Pentecostal Christian, who believes that homosexuality is caused by demons and can be "cured" by prayer. She somehow wangled her way into the upper reaches of the party, and was an adviser to David Cameron when he was party leader. Cameron is presumably either aware of her views (taking him close to homophobia) or ignorant of them (which smacks of carelessness).Rising Tory star Philippa Stroud ran prayer sessions to 'cure' gay people Her hobbies include knitting, reading and witch burning.Allegedly, m'lud
Stroud is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Alliance for Responsible Citizenship, a right-wing organisation associated with psychologist and ultracrepidarian of renown Jordan Peterson, with whom she shares many views. She is also a member of the Centre for Social Justice, a right-wing think tank that claims to have decided over 70 current conservative policies. She has also been busy founding the New Frontiers church, whose guest speakers have included one Bill Surbritzky. No doubt his claims that homosexuality, smoking and swearing are all caused by demons went down well.Bigotry and homelessness In 2023, journalist Eleanor Mills called her "the most powerful Right-winger you've never heard of."Baroness Stroud: ‘Jordan Peterson and I believe we can all be part of building something better’ The Telegraph, November 05, 2023
Her attempt to become Member of Parliament for Sutton and Cheam, in the suburbs of south London, in the 2010 election, was, fortunately, a failure. Unfortunately, however, she was then made a life peer in 2015.
==Notes==
==References==
Category:British politicians
Category:British people
Category:Christians
Category:Homosexuality
Category:Homophobes
Category:Living people
Category:Pray the gay away
Phillip Greaves

Phillip Greaves is a self-published author and suspected pedophile who has written several books including The Grand Delusion: What Has "God" to do With It?, and various other books advocating for atheism and libertarianism.
However, Greaves is most infamous for The Pedophile's Guide To Love And Pleasure: A Child-Lover's Code Of Conduct, which was sold on Amazon for a period of time before finally being removed from sale. Greaves subsequently served a short probation sentence after mailing a copy of the book to a "customer" in Florida, who was actually a local sheriff. Distributing depictions of sexual acts involving minors is a crime in Florida.Aletse Mellado, "Author of pedophilia book pleads no contest, gets probation", CNN, 8 April 2011
Greaves attempted to defend himself by denying that he was a pedophile and said that "I only have sex with grown-ups". He said the purpose of the book was harm reduction, in order to prevent adult-child sexual relationships from becoming abusive. (Greaves believes they aren't inherently so, and that "true pedophiles love children" and would never hurt them). The book gives advice to pedophiles on how to attract children, but also gives guidelines on what types of contact are "acceptable" and "not acceptable" in Greaves' view (which is not, not, not the view of the law)."Philip Greaves gets probation for 'paedophile guide'", BBC News, 7 April 2011
PETA, predictably enough, responded by saying that Amazon's real mistake was not distributing a book advocating pedophilia and criminal activity, but rather removing the book without also removing books on dog fighting. Seriously.
==References==
Category:Atheists
Category:Authors
Category:Libertarians
Category:Living people
Category:Paedophilia
Phillip Johnson

Phillip E. Johnson was a UC Berkeley law professor and considered the founder of the intelligent design movement. Johnson became a born again Christian after his divorce,The Wedge at Work: How Intelligent Design Creationism Is Wedging Its Way into the Cultural and Academic Mainstream, Barbara Forrest. Chapter 1, Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics, MIT Press, 2001 and then suddenly was led to believe that science did not support the theory of evolution. Of course it had absolutely nothing to do with his conversion.
Johnson popularized the term "intelligent design" in its current form in his book . Johnson decided to present evidence in the form of a trial and to use legal standards of admissibility as the ideal criterion to vet evidence. Legal criteria for evidence are very different than the standards applied in science; for starters, most legal evidence is anecdotal in nature, incorporating none of the standards of randomized controlled trials, reproducibility of experiments, or double-blind studies that characterize scientific evidence. 
Johnson, and others who have taken a similar approach for a full range of woo and crank ideas, abused the difference in the standards of evidence to overstate their case. Johnson claimed that if he can prove evolution "false" under legal standards (which, essentially, amounts to not having an ironclad and irrefutable proof that the theory of evolution is true), this somehow applies to scientific standards. The whole exercise is a futile gesture, since creationism and intelligent design have failed both in the realm of science and in the realm of law. Johnson's big idea was shown the door in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District court case.
==AIDS denialism==
Johnson and was an AIDS denialist, like Jonathan Wells (both were Discovery Institute Fellows). Johnson had written several articles denying the link between HIV and AIDS.http://www.virusmyth.com/aids/index/pjohnson.htm
==See also==
*Darwinism Under The Microscope: How Recent Scientific Evidence Points To Divine Design — a book recycling many of his arguments
==References==
Category:Creationists
Category:Christians
Category:Discovery Institute
Category:HIV/AIDS
Category:Intelligent design creationism
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters