nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Ammonal

== Description ==
An explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and powdered aluminum. Ammonal was originally developed for mining in England in 1915. Early compositions used ammonium nitrate (65%), TNT (15%), aluminum (17%) and charcoal (3%). Ammonal was used in explosives in World War I and it is still used as an industrial explosive. Current mixtures usually contain ammonium nitrate (22%), TNT (67%) and aluminum (11%).
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonal (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006)
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "chemical compound" [Accessed October 17, 2001]. -
* CoOL Conservation Distlist Jul 26 2001
Category:Materials database
Ammonia (anhydrous)

== Description ==
A colorless, strong smelling gas that is the fifth highest volume chemical produced in the United States. Ammonia was also the first complex molecule to be identified in interstellar space. Gaseous ammonia was first isolated by Joseph Priestly in 1774. It is used for chemical synthesis and in the manufacture of explosives and fertilizers. Ammonia has also been used as a vapor phase neutralizing/alkalizing agent where it neutralizes effectively but provides no residual alkaline reserve (Book and Paper catalog). Ammonia is most often sold as an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. Ammmonia can off-gas from emulsion paints and adhesives as well as neutral cure silicone sealants.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonia gas; ammoniacal gas; alkaline air; ammoniac (Fr.); amoniak (Ces., Pol.); ammoniak (Dan., Ned., Sven.); Ammoniak (Deut.); amoníaco (Esp.); ammoniaca (It.); ammoniakk (Nor.); gás amoníaco (Port.); amônia (Port.); Nitrosil; Vaporole; spirit of hartshorn
== Personal Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation. 
* Contact causes irritation to skin, eyes and membranes. TLV = 25 ppm. 
* Mixtures of ammonia and air can explode. 
* Airgas: SDS
==Collection Risks=
* Degradation of crystal growth on objects
* Yellowing of linseed oil
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ether, and chloroform.
Composition 	NH3
CAS 	7664-41-7
Melting Point 	-77.7 C
Density 	0.6813 g/L (gas)
Molecular Weight	17.03
Boiling Point 	-33.35 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Jean Tétreault, 'Products used in Preventive Conservation' Technical Bulletin #2, CCI, 2017. Link
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 517
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006) -for non-English terms
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ammoniac gum

== Description ==
A complex gum/oil/resin mixture obtained from the stems of carrot family plant, Dorema ammoniacum, native to Iran and India. Ammoniac is a strong smelling exudate that dries to form hard, brittle, dark yellow lumps. It contains approximately 50-70% resin, 18-26% gum and 1-7% oil. Ammoniac is typically prepared for use either as a water emulsion or as a mixture with mastic and isinglass. This makes a strong cement that is used to adhere gilding, set gemstones, and repair porcelain. Ammoniac is also used in perfumes and medicine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dorema ammoniacum; gum ammoniac; goma amoniaco (Esp.); ammoniacum; ammoniakum; ammonial gum
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFAGumammoniac.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks ==
* Ingestion may cause vomiting.
* Linde: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Slightly soluble in water, ethanol, ether, vinegar or weak alkali. Forms emulsions with water.
Melting Point	45-55 C
Density 	1.207 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Peter Lynn, "How to Prepare and Gild with Gum Ammoniac" www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Library/2036/gumammon.html
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 664
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 518
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ammoniacal gas

== Description ==
Common name for gaseous ammonia prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonia
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Ammonium bicarbonate

== Description ==
Shiny, hard, white, prism-shaped crystal. Ammonium bicarbonate is used in baking powder and fire-extinguishers. It is also used for degreasing textiles, for chrome leather tanning and as an additive in ceramics. Hartshorn, or ammonium carbonate, is a double salt of ammonium carbamate and ammonium bicarbonate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonium acid carbonate; ammonium hydrogen carbonate; hartshorn; powdered baking ammonia; hjortetakssalt (Dan.); Ammoniumhydrogencarbonat (Deut.); ABC-Trieb (Deut.); bicarbonate d'ammonium (Fr.);
== Risks ==
* Contact and inhalation may cause irritation 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. pH = 7.8 Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	NH4HCO3
CAS 	1066-33-7
Melting Point 	36-60 C (dec)
Density 	1.586 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 79.06
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 57
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 522
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_bicarbonate (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006) -for non-English terms
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ammonium bifluoride

== Description ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiNH4F.jpg~FTIR|ammonium bifluoride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
White, deliquescent crystals that are corrosive to most materials. Ammonium bifluoride is used as an etchant for glass and aluminum. It is also used to sterilizing brewing and dairy equipment.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonium acid fluoride; ammonium hydrogen fluoride; white acid
== Risks ==
* Corrosive to skin, eyes and lungs. Toxic by ingestion. 
* IntegraChem: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, ethanol. pH=3.5
Composition 	NH4HF2
CAS 	1341-49-7
Melting Point 	124.6 C
Density 	1.211 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 57.04
Boiling Point 	240 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 299
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 523
Category:Materials database
Ammonium bisulfate

== Description ==
White deliquescent crystals that are soluble in water. Ammonium bisulfate is used as a preservative in paper pulp and as an ingredient in hair-wave lotions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acid ammonium sulfate; ammonium hydrogen sulfate; mono-ammonium salt of sulfuric acid; ammonium bisulphate (Br.)
==Risks==
CDC Fine Chemicals: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Insoluble in acetone and ethanol.
Composition 	NH4HSO4
CAS 	7803-63-6
Melting Point 	145 C
Density 	1.787 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 115.11
Refractive Index	1.463, 1.473, 1.510
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 526
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.463, 1.473, 1.510
Category:Materials database
Ammonium carbamate

== Description ==
A white, crystalline powder that has been used as an aqueous neutralization/ alkalization agent. Ammonium carbamate volatilizes at room temperature to form ammonia. Hartshorn, or smelling-salts, is a double salt of ammonium carbamate and ammonium bicarbonate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
anhydride of ammonium carbonate; ammonium aminoformate
==Risks==
Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, ethanol.
Composition 	NH4CO2NH2
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 78.07
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 533
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ammonium carbonate

== Description ==
A white powder that smells strongly of ammonia. Ammonium carbonate is a double salt of ammonium carbamate and ammonium bicarbonate. Because it was historically prepared by the destructive distillation of the antlers from harts (red deer), ammonium carbonate is commonly called hartshorn. In air, it slowly decomposes to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonium carbonate is used in smelling salts, baking powder, fire extinguishers, ammonium casein glue, ceramics, and textile dyeing. It is also used as an aqueous neutralization/alkalization agent for paper (AIC Book and Paper catalog). Ammonium carbonate is also used in fire extinguishers, ceramics, photographic developing, washing wool, mordanting textiles, and coloring metals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hartshorn; salt of hartshorn; spirit of hartshorn; volatile alkali; carbonate of ammonia; smelling salts; crystal ammonia; ammonium sesquicarbonate; sal volatile; rock ammonia; spiritus salis urinae
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ammonium carbonate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
==Risks==
* Noncombustible. 
* Unstable in air evolving ammonia and carbon dioxide.
* Inhalation and skin contact causes irritation. 
* Harmful if swallowed. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Partially soluble in ethanol.
Composition 	(NH4)HCO3-(NH4)CO2NH2
CAS 	506-87-6
Melting Point 	58
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 96.09
Boiling Point 	60
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 57
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 534
* External source or communication Comment: Submitted information from Budga Goran
Category:Materials database
Ammonium carnallite

== Description ==
A deliquescent, white salt composed of ammonium magnesium chloride. Ammonium carnallite has been found as an efflorescence on three ceramic objects (Wheeler and Wypyski 1993). It is theorized that the salt was formed following a cleaning procedure in which hydrochloric acid was used to remove carbonaceous encrustations followed by an ammonium hydroxide rinse for neutralization.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ammonium-Karnallit (Deut.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Composition 	NH4MgCl3-6H2O
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 148.70
==Resources and Citations==
* G.Wheeler, M.Wypyski, "An Unusual Efflorescence on Greek Ceramics" Studies in Conservation, 38:55-62, 1993.
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 562
Category:Materials database
Ammonium casein

== Description ==
Casein paint that is hydrolyzed using ammonia. Ammonium casein is prepared by soaking casein powder in water with ammonium carbonate. Ammonium casein has a slightly lower pH (8.0-9.0) than lime casein (9.0-9.9), but it is higher than borax casein (7.0-7.8). Ammonium casein should be prepared fresh as it may become unstable and separate after a few days (Wehlte 1975).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonium-casein; caseinato amónico (Esp.); caseinato d'ammonio (It.); caseinato de amónio (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
Category:Materials database
Ammonium chloride

== Description ==
Slightly hygroscopic white crystals historically used to separate gold from silver or copper. Ammonium chloride was known in ancient times where legend tells it was observed in the Temple of Zeus-Ammon in Egypt as it was scraped from the ceiling after camel dung was burned. Ammoniun chloride has also been used as a mordant, as a textile finishing agent to produce luster and as a tanning agent for leather. Currently, the most common uses for ammonium chloride are as a soldering flux for iron, as a component in galvanizing solutions, as an electrolyte in dry cells and as a metal coloring agent.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ammonium chloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sal ammonia; sal ammoniac; sal ammoniacum; ammonium muriate; salmiak (Ces.); chlorid amonný (Ces.); ammoniumklorid (Dan., Sven.); Ammoniumchlorid (Deut.); cloruro di ammonio (It.); salmiakzout (Ned.); chlorek amonu (Pol.); nashadir (Arab.); naosha (Chin.); nao sadar (India); salmiac; Amchlor; Darammon
== Risks ==
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol. Insoluble in acetone, ether, ethyl acetate. 
* Incompatible with alkalis and lead or silver salts. 
* Crystals form aggregates with conchoidal fracture.
Composition 	NH4Cl
CAS 	12125-02-9
Mohs Hardness 	1.0 - 2.0
Melting Point 	340-350 C (sublimes)
Density 	1.5274 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 53.5
Refractive Index	1.639
Boiling Point 	520 C
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 58
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Ammonium chloride" [Accessed 25 Jan. 2003].
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006) -for non-English terms
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Ammonium citrate dibasic

== Description ==
White, water-soluble granules that smell slightly of ammonia. Ammonium citrate is used as a mordant for printing cotton fabric. It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and as a mild cleaning agent for the removal of sulfate crust from stone. Ammonium citrate has also been used for cleaning metals such as iron and aluminum as well as copper alloys.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
diammonium citrate; citric acid diammonium salt; diammonium hydrogen citrate; 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid,2-hydroxy-,diammonium salt
==Risks==
* Inhalation, ingestion, and contact causes irritation, coughing, nausea and redness. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. 
pH of 0.1 M aqueous solution = 4.3
Composition 	(HN4)2HC6H5O7
CAS 	3012-65-5
Density 	1.48 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 226.19
==Resources and Citations==
* A.Timar-Balazsy, D.Eastop, Chemical principles of textile conservation, Butterworth Heinemann, 1998.
* H.Brinch-Madsen, "Die reinigung von eisen mit ammoniakalischer Citronensaure", Arbeitsblatter fur Restauratoren 2/1974 
* D.C.Horner, "The Application of Ammoniated Citric Acid to Metal Cleaning", Australasian Corrosion Enginering, Sept.1968, 3-9
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 540
* Budiga Goran, Submitted information.
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Ammonium dichromate

== Description ==
Orange-red prismatic needles. Ammonium dichromate is mixed with albumin and water to make a light sensitive emulsion for photolithography. It is also used in photography, process engraving, leather tanning, porcelain glazes, textile dyeing, and pyrotechnics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonium bichromate
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ammonium dichromate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Corrosive. Contact causes burns to skin and membranes. 
* Strong Oxidizer. Contact with other materials may cause flames. 
* Carcinogenic. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water and ethanol.
Composition 	(NH4)2Cr2O7
CAS 	7789-09-5
Melting Point 	180 C (dec)
Density 	2.155 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 252.07
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 544
Category:Materials database
Ammonium hydroxide

== Description ==
An aqueous solution of ammonia, typically containing about 28.5% ammonia by weight. Ammonium hydroxide is a colorless, alkaline liquid with a pungent ammonia odor. Household ammonia water contains about 10% ammonia by weight. Ammonium hydroxide solutions are used as cleansers and detergents to remove vegetable stains, grease, dirt, proteins, and other accretions from clothing, glass, and ceramics. It has been used in paint strippers to soften casein paints. Ammonia water acts as a stain for wood, producing a deep red color in mahogany. It is also used to extract color from grass and lichens to produce a green dye.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ammonia water; ammonia solution; aqua ammonia; ammonium hydrate; 880; liquid ammonia; ammoniaque (Fr.); hydroxyde d'ammonium (Fr.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ammonium hydroxide.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
Inhalation and ingestion is toxic. Contact can cause irritation and burns to skin, eyes and membranes. Will evolve ammonia gas which is toxic and slightly flammable. 
Can corrode some metals. 
ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. pH of concentrated solution is about 12. pKa1 = 9.25
Composition 	NH4OH
CAS 	1336-21-6
Melting Point 	-77.7
Density 	0.9333
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=35.05
Boiling Point 	-33.35
== Resources and Citations ==
* M.R.Gilberg, N.J.Seeley, "Liquid Ammonia as a Solvent and Reagent in Conservation" Studies in Conservation, 27:38-44, 1982.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 57
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 519
* Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
Category:Materials database