Chinaball/History

==Abstract==
 Chinaball's history has been characterized by cycles of rising dynasties or regimes with increased integration. Then a period of decline which leads to disintegration and fragmentation. Certain dynasties were isolationist and tried to keep foreign influences out of Chinaball.
There were dozens of different Chinese dynasties that rose and fell in the geographic region that's now called China. The Han ethnic group is the largest and it ruled Chinaball for most of Chinese history. Several ethnic groups wrested control over Chinaball at the expense of the Han at certain points: For example, the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271 and controlled Chinaball from 1279 through the 1360s, and Qingball, the last Imperial Chinese Dynasty from 1644 to 1911, had an ethnically Manchu elite.
==Controversial Section==
 Chinaball believes that its family has a history of 5000 years. However, Western scholars believe that the history of a countryball should be determined based on the earliest written language. Chinaball has discovered oracle bone inscriptions dating back 3200 years on its clay, which are the characters of the Shangball, as well as a small number of symbols of the Xiaball. Therefore, Western scholars believe that China has a history of only 3200 to 4000 years. But Chinese scholars believe that the earliest formation of a civilization should be based on the formation of cities. With the excavation of Erlitou site, Liangzhu Civilization site, and Sanxingdui, Chinaball began to firmly believe that its family has a history of 5000 years, even before the Xiaball, there was an earlier dynastyball, the Yuball (虞球).
==Tribal Era==
China was born as a 1ball. It was among the first civilizations to exist on Earthball. The first civilization was the Yellow River Civilizationball. But this ball is not unified, mainly composed of tribeballs. With the tribal wars, the three most powerful tribeballs remained: the legendary emperor Xuan Yuan(Huang, or Yellow emperor) tribe, the legendary emperor Shen Nong(Yan) tribe, and the Chiyou tribe. Later, Yellow Emperor defeated Shen Nong, and they joined forces to conquer and kill Chiyou and finally united Yellow River Civilizationball. Up to now, Chinese people still call themselves Yan-Huang descendants.
There were numerous independent smaller kingdoms. Many of these were eventually conquered and assimilated with their overlords. This process is known as "Chinafication," making their culture and people (forcefully) assimilate into the larger kingdom or empire.
After Xuan Yuan and Shen Nong. Next is the political changes during the reigns of Yao(尧), Shun(舜), and Yu(禹)(Note:This Yu is not from the Yuball mentioned last section, the 2 characters are different), they are all tribal leaders elected through abdication. However, floods always jeopardized the country during Shun period. Due to Yu's meritorious service in controlling floods, he became the last leader of the tribe before dynasties.
Yu established the Xiaball, marking the transition of China from the tribal era to the dynastic era.
==Shang Dynasty (1600 BC – 1050 BC)==
From the 16th century BC to 210 BC, there were three leading tribes: Xiaball (not confirmed), Shangball, and Zhouball. There's not much archaeological evidence of the Xia dynasty. Some experts consider Xia to be mythical.
The Shang Dynasty lasted between 1600 BC and 1050 BC. They invented and propagated Chinese characters. During that time, the tribute system enlarged with carrots and sticks. The economic center, the so-called "中原" (zhōngyuán; central plain), was consolidated into Chinaball's clay.
==Zhou Dynasty (1050 BC – 256 BC)==
The Zhou Dynasty followed and lasted between 1050 BC and 256 BC. The king separated its clay from its siblings. These clays eventually became warring states that all wanted to conquer China. The academy of ancient China thrived, and various philosophers such as Confucius and Mencius shined. Also, the military of each warring state evolved swiftly, and the famous military treatise "The Art of War" was written by Sun Tzu in the Kingdom of Wuball.
==Imperial Chinaball==
There were dozens of different Chinese dynasties that rose and fell in the geographic region that's now called China. The Han ethnic group is the largest and it ruled Chinaball for most of Chinese history. Several ethnic groups wrested control over Chinaball at the expense of the Han at certain points: For example, the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271 and controlled Chinaball from 1279 through the 1360s, and Qingball, the last Imperial Chinese Dynasty from 1644 to 1911, had an ethnically Manchu elite.
==Warring States (475 BC – 221 BC)==
The Warring States period was from 475 BC to 221 BC. [W.I.P]
==Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC)==
The Qinball beat all the other warring states and unified China with the Qin dynasty, which existed from 221 BC to 206 BC. During the process, Chinaball's productivity began to blossom. In 221 BC, Qinball anschlussed every existing warring states and continued to anschluss clay from Baiyueball and Xiongnuball. The Baiyueball were various non-ethnic Chinese people who inhabited the coast of Eastern China. To keep Chinaball safe from northerners, it built the Great Wall. Qinball also managed to anschluss the coastal areas of Vietnamball, but not completely the southern part. Then there were more civil wars and different dynasties. To promulgate the wellbeing of Chinese people, Qinball established standards of transportation, Chinese characters, as well as measurements.
==Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD)==
The Han Dynasty existed between 206 BC – 220 AD. It was the strongest dynastyball created by Han ethnic. Hanball was established by Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang), formerly a peasant who acquired power by extraordinary intelligence and grit. Hanball's economy was rich because of Wen Jing's rule by Emperor Wen and its child Emperor Jing. These two emperors followed "The way of Huang Ti and Lao Tsu," which encouraged their people to strive for wealth. Under Emperor Wu, Handball expanded south and into North and Central Asia and became very strong. Hanball can into beatings of Xiongnuball at that time. It tore Xiongnuball apart into Southern Xiongnu (which later became a part of Han ethnics) and Northern Xiongnu (which later separated again and became the ancestor of many ethnics in Eurasia). It was said that Han Dynasty had once kept in contact with Roman Empireball and that the states had cordial relations. The Romans called Han Dynasty "Seres" and the Han Dynasty called Rome "Great Qin", which marked humanity's first attempt to contact Eurasia's easternmost and westernmost civilizations.
Wang Mang briefly usurped Hanball's regime during the First Century (9–23) and forced it to become Xinball. Still, due to its unrealistic economic policies, Xinball didn't get longevity. Finally, Emperor Guangwu restored Hanball and changed its capital from Chang'anball (Today's Xi'an) to the eastern metropolis Luoyang and named the new ball Eastern Hanball. However, Eastern Hanball didn't revive the pride it used to be, and its power quickly disseminated to the emperors' maternal relatives. Due to this fact, Eastern Hanball became introverted and unstable. Gradually, it died in 220 AD, and most of its clay got absorbed by the Three Kingdoms.
The Chinese Tributary System was first formed in the Han Dynasty, when a kingdom in Japanball's called "Wa" was arguably a vassal state. There was an ancient stamp written, "汉置大委奴王" (Seal of the King of the Na state of the Wa [vassal?] of the Han Dynasty) discovered in Kyushu, Japan. The name of China's majority ethnicity also originated from this dynasty.
==The Three Kingdoms (220 AD – 280 AD)==
The Three Kingdoms period was between 220 AD and 280 AD. The Three Kingdoms ( Wei, Wu, and Shu) existed between 220 AD and 280 AD. It was a tripartite division of Chinaball. The Three Kingdoms was romanticized in literature, so not all historical information is accurate. However, many celebrities originated from this era, including the country-famous Guan Yu, a general of the Shu Kingdom. Guan's chivalrous personality made him a role model in later Chinese civilization.
==Jin Dynasty (266 AD – 420 AD)==
===Western Jin Dynasty (266 AD – 317 AD)===
The Western Jin Dynasty existed between 265 AD and 317 AD. Sadly, it only lasted for about 50 years because of climate change. First, the weather became so cold that northern minorities went south to invade it. Then, many little Kingdoms and Duchies went on and forth. The later historians called that period "五胡乱华" (Five minorities took control of China). Although its peoples' life was miserable, Jinball explored much in mathematics and natural science, the most famous of which was Zu Chongzhi's attempt to calculate π as 3.1415926.
===Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 AD – 420 AD)===
W.I.P.
==Northern and Southern Dynasties (420 AD – 589 AD)==
In 420 AD, Eastern Jinball was usurped by the influential Liu Yu, who founded Liu Songball. For the next two Centuries, a geopolitical split between the North and South persisted. The North was led by the ethnically Xianbei elite, mostly from either Chang'anball or Yeball. This era also saw greater sinicisation efforts in Northern China under Northern Weiball. Meanwhile, in the South, several regimes succeeded one after another, all ruling from Jiankang. Buddhism and Daoism expanded their influence throughout China during this period.
Northern Dynasties:
# Northern Weiball (386–535)
# Eastern Weiball (534–550)
# Northern Qiball (550–577)
# Western Weiball (535–557)
# Northern Zhouball (557–581)
Southern Dynasties:
# Liu Songball (420–479)
# Southern Qiball (479–502)
# Southern Liangball (502–557; Western Liangball 555–587)
# Chenball (557–589)
==Sui Dynasty (581 AD – 618 AD)==
The Sui Dynasty existed between 581 AD and 618 AD. In 581, Yang Jian, the Duke of Sui, overthrew Northern Zhouball and established Suiball. Emperor Wen's conquest of Chenball in 589 marked the end of the era of disunity and was the first unification of China in over 275 years. Suiball propagated the world's earliest examination system and adopted transportation by building a 1000-mile-long canal between its capital and economic center. Due to the tremendous cost of that canal & costly campaigns waged against Goguryeoball, Suiball soon collapsed.
===Sui-Tang Transition Period (613 AD – 628 AD)===
==Tang Dynasty (618 AD – 906 AD)==
The Tangball existed between 618 AD and 906 AD, and the dynasty presided over another Golden Era in Chinese History. It was perhaps the most powerful and inclusive Chinese dynasty, conquering a vast range of land from Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Manchu. It set small tributes such as Sillaball and Tibetan Empireball as its vassal. It can produce world-quality silk, paper, art, and poems. Meanwhile, Europe was unstable after the breakup of SPQRball. Chinatown in Chinese (唐人街) translates into "Street of the Tang people."
In 618 AD, Tangball was founded by Emperor Gaozu of Tang. In 630 AD, Tangball conquered northern Gökturk. In 649 AD, Tangball's most famous Emperor, Taizong, died. Then it conquered western Gokturk and Goryeoball.
Tangball was briefly interrupted by Wu Zhou, caused by the ascension of Wu Zetian to the throne of China.
In 751 AD, Tangball was defeated by Abbasidball. In late 755, the An-Shi rebellion broke out, dragging on for 7 years and causing millions of deaths, marking the end of Tangball's golden age. In the 870's, yet another wave of rebellions broke out, namely in the Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao rebellions, stirring even more upheaval. Tangball would never recover from these events, but the dynasty would survive until 907. Gökturks reasserted their independence and the route to Central Asia was permanently lost, leading to the thriving of "the Silk Road on the Sea."
==Five Dynasties (907 AD – 960 AD)==
The Tangball jiedushi Zhu Wen initiated the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (五代十國) after forcing the last Emperor of Tangball to abdicate, proclaiming his own state called Liangball. Overall, the next 72 years oversaw numerous kingdoms and prominent jiedushi vying for control over Chinaball: Among them, 5 chief central plains dynasties were established one after another, from which this era derives its name. In order, these dynasties were:
# Later Liangball (907–923)
# Later Tangball (923–936)
# Later Jinball (936–946)
# Later Hanball (947–951; Northern Hanball 951–979)
# Later Zhouball (951–960)
These regimes were located primarily in the central plains, with other powerful jiedushi in Southern Chinaball declaring their own regimes, called the ten kingdoms:
# Southern Chuball (907–951)
# Southern Hanball (917–971)
# Jingnanball (924–963)
# Minball (909–944)
# Qiball (907–924)
# Former Shuball (907–925)
# Later Shuball (934–965)
# Southern Tangball (937–975)
# Wuball (907–937)
# Wuyueball (907–978)
Little inroad was made by the Five Dynasties to assert their control over Southern Chinaball until Later Zhouball conquered parts of Later Shuball and Southern Tangball. Despite achieving military successes against its rivals, on the 4th of February, 960, Later Zhouball was overthrown by the eminent general Zhao Kuangyin, who founded the Song Dynasty. The general became known posthumously as Emperor Taizu of Song. Emperor Taizu virtually completed the reunification of Chinaball, conquering Jingnanball (963), Later Shuball (965), Southern Hanball (971), and Southern Tangball (975).
==Liao Dynasty (907 AD – 1125 AD)==
The Liao Dynasty was a dynasty founded by Khitan people chieftain Abaoji in 907. The modern Russian term for China, "Khitay", alongside an outdated English term, "Cathay", both tie their etymology to the Chinese name for the Khitan, 契丹 (qìdān).
Liaoball rose to significance during the political division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Through its military capacity, Liaoball's armies played crucial roles in the establishment and abolishment of the central plains dynasties. In 936, Liaoball assisted Later Jinball in overthrowing the Restored Tangball, gaining the elusive Sixteen Prefectures, but in 947 turned on Later Jinball after its emperor failed to bow to the Liao Emperor. In 926, Liaoball conquered Balhaeball, and thereafter formed a rivalry with Goryeoball.
In 1125, Liaoball was destroyed by the rising Jurchen Jinball, but surviving members of its bureaucracy fled West, establishing the state of Western Liaoball at Balasagunball.
==Song Dynasty (960 AD – 1279 AD)==
===Northern Song Dynasty (960 AD – 1127 AD)===
 Song Dynasty existed between 960 and 1279. It was the richest dynasty in Chinese history, and its silk, tea, and other eastern products sailed to every known corner of the old continent due to a boost in navigation technology. Commerce was emphasised, and early capitalism emerged in some large cities.
===Southern Song Dynasty (1127 AD – 1279 AD)===
 Lin'anball, the capital of Southern Songball, was so prosperous that, even after Songball's end, Marco Polo still praised its delicacy and its citizens' richness and politeness. The Southern Song Dynasty invented the world's earliest form of paper money. [W.I.P.]
==Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368)==
There were many different ethnic groups in Chinaball. The "Han" is the largest ethnic group. The Han mainly ruled Chinaball until Yuanball defeated Songball in 1279 and established the Yuan Dynasty. It existed between 1279 and 1368. The Yuan rulers were ethnically Mongol from Mongol Empireball. They Anschlussed so much clay that they collapsed in 1294.
==Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644)==
The Ming Dynasty was established in 1368–1644 and was the last imperial Chinese dynasty ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. It was stronk and made the ships that destroyed the filthy Portugalball navy. Portugalball fought Qingball and conquered Macauball from Mingball. Between 1405 and 1433, the world-famous navigator Zheng He sailed seven times to the west. However, Mingball later banned sailing due to the harassment by pirates (Chinese, Japanese and Korean ethnicities) called "倭寇" (Wokou), and that cut the Ming Dynasty off from the rest of the world. It is said that this regulation contributed to the decline of China.
===Southern Ming Dynasty (1644 – 1662)===
Despite losing control of Beijingball to Shunball in 1644, several Mingball loyalist factions contested control over Southern China until 1662. Notably, Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) led his clan to resist Qingball from Taiwan for two further decades, with his grandson Zheng Keshuang capitulating only after Penghuball was conquered by Qingball in 1683.
==Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911)==
The Qing Dynasty was the last Chinese dynasty, extant between 1644 and 1911.
In 1644, Qingball conquered Northern Chinaball from Shunball and from there pursued the conquest of Southern China, anschlussing Southern Mingball in 1662. Qing Dynasty rulers were ethnically Manchus, which is a different ethnic group than the Han. At first, The Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong did a great job enlarging the dynasty and promoting people's lives. Still, problems began to accumulate as the Qing Dynasty began to approach its tragic end.
===Carving Up China (1841 – 1941)===
By 1841, the Great European Imperial Powers had already conquered 80%+ of the entire world with colonies in North America, South America, Africa, the Middle East, and South and Southeast Asia. Only Empire of Japanball became the only non-European colonial power that was industrialized and powerful enough to compete with the Western Imperialists. They, overall, turned their eyes to China, which was not yet fully colonized by the western powers. Between 1841 and 1941, United Kingdomball, Russian Empireball, Franceball, Empire of Japanball, and German Empireball made plans to partition and divide Qingball China amongst themselves. At the time, Qingball was poor and underdeveloped, so it couldn't stop them.
During the 19th century, United Kingdomball was colonizing America and South Asia (mostly Indiaball). It wanted more Asian colonies and t e a, selling opium to China. Qingball tried to end the trades, but started the Opium Wars , which ended with British victory and taking British Hong Kongball. Other imperial powers did the same too and occupied a different part of Qingball's coastal clay. Then, the Taiping Rebellion (when a guy named Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the brother of Jesus) was one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Then in 1894-1895 AD, the Japanese Empireball defeated Qingball in the First Sino-Japanese War. This changed the balance of power in Asia. Japanese Empireball invaded Chinaball and acquired parts of its clay, including the tributary state of Korean Empireball and territory Taiwanball.
Qingball realized that it was no longer a great empire due to the weakness of its rulers. It collapsed, and Nationalist China took control. The Chinese had ended their imperial rule and dynasties.
==Republic, Warlords and invasion (1912 – 45)==
On January 1, 1912, Republic of Chinaball was born, and the Kuomintang (the KMT or Nationalist Party) was proclaimed provisional president. However, the presidency was later given to a former Qingball general who in 1915 proclaimed himself Emperor of China. In the face of popular condemnation and opposition from its own Beiyang Army, it was forced to abdicate and re-establish the republic.
In 1916, China was politically fragmented. Its Beijingball-based government was internationally recognized but virtually powerless; regional warlords controlled most of its territory. In the late 1920s, the Kuomintang was able to reunify the country under its control with a series of deft military and political maneuverings, known collectively as the Northern Expedition. The Kuomintang moved the nation's capital to Nanjingball and implemented "political tutelage," an intermediate stage of political development for transforming China into a modern democratic state. The political division in China made it difficult for Republic of Chinaball to battle the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA) against whom the Kuomintang had been warring since 1927 in the Chinese Civil War. This war continued successfully for the Kuomintang, especially after the PLA retreated in the Long March, until Empire of Japanball aggression and the 1936 Xi'an Incident forced Republic of Chinaball to confront Empire of Japanball.
 Nationalist China was the first republic, only to fear Communist Chinaball inspired by the beliefs of Soviet Unionball. The Chinese Civil War was started between the Communists and the Nationalists. Then the Japanese Empire became allies with Nazi Germanyball and invaded China in the name of their God-Emperor. They massacred Nankingball and committed atrocities in China. So the Nationalists and the Communists carried for removal after being raped Japanese Empireball from China. Afterward, China disintegrated into a bunch of Warlord cliques.
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), a theater of World War II, forced an uneasy alliance between the Kuomintang and the PLA. Empire of Japanball forces committed numerous war atrocities against the civilian population; in all, as many as 20 million Chinese civilians died. An estimated 300,000 Chinese were massacred in the city of Nanjingball alone during the Empire of Japanball occupation. Along with the other three great powers, China was one of the four major Allies of World War II and was later considered one of the primary victors in the war. After the surrender of the Empire of Japanball in 1945, Taiwanball was returned to Chinese control. Chinaball won the war mainly due to the efforts of USAball. Chinaball was war-ravaged and financially drained.
==Communism, Construct, and Defense (1945 – 78)==
The continued distrust between the Kuomintang and the Communists led to the resumption of civil war. The Communist Party received support from Soviet Unionball, but initially, the Communists still struggled. Constitutional rule was established in 1947, but because of the ongoing unrest, many provisions of its constitution were never implemented in mainland Chinaball. Finally, in 1949, the communists gained complete control over mainland Chinaball. The nationalists fled to Taiwanball with their republic government.
Chinaball tried to regain some of the territories held by Qingball. East Turkestan being a communist joined in with Chinaball and Tibetball (1912-1951) got taken back into Chinaball. Major combat in the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 with the Communist Party in control of most of mainland Chinaball, and the Kuomintang retreating offshore, reducing Republic of Chinaball's territory to only Taiwanball and its surrounding islands. On September 21, 1949, its Communist Party proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. This was followed by a mass celebration in Tiananmen Square on October 1 which became the new People's republic's first National Day. However, remaining Kuomintang forces continued to wage an insurgency in western China throughout the 1950s. In modern USAball history studies, the founding of PRC China is often termed as "the loss of China" as reflected in US state policy documents of the time, which thinkers such as Noam Chomsky call the beginning of McCarthyism. Because of the Korean war and poverty, Chinaball couldn't conquer Taiwanball.
One of the most famous Chinaball leaders was Mao Zedong. He was the "Chairman of the Communist Party of Chinaball" from 1943 till 1976. He propagated Chinaball's industry and prepared it for reform and opening up later.
The regime consolidated its popularity among the peasants through land reform, which saw hundreds of millions of peasants get their land. Under its leadership, it developed an independent industrial system and nuclear weapons. Chinaball produced its first atomic bomb in 1964 after acquiring the technology from western countries. As a result, China's population almost doubled from around 550 million to over 900 million. However, the Great Leap Forward, a large-scale economic and social reform project, resulted in an estimated 45 million deaths between 1958 and 1961, mostly from starvation. In October 1962, Chinaball attacked Indiaball (Sino-Indian war 1962) and claimed parts of Jammu and Kashmirball called Aksai Chin which Indiaball says is part of Jammu and Kashmirball. In September 1967, Chinaball attacked Indiaball (Sino-Indian War 1967) to invade Sikkimball. Still, Chinaball was beaten back badly by Indiaball and ended in the defeat of Chinaball.
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, sparking a decade of political recrimination and social upheaval, which lasted until 1976. It would sanction the Cultural Revolution in 1966. An estimated 27 million people died in prisons and labor camps during Mao's rule. In October 1971, the PRC replaced Taiwanball in UNball, and took its seat as a permanent member of the Security Council. In February 1979 Chinaball fought Sino-Vietnamese War to subjugate Vietnamball and prevent it from conquering Democratic Kampucheaball. However, Chinaball withdrew after a couple of weeks due to fierce resistance of Vietnamball, which wanted to stay independent. Chinaball tells a different version of history that it was to "teach it a lesson."
In 1978, Chinaball instituted significant economic reforms. The Communist Party loosened governmental control over citizens' personal lives. The communes were gradually disbanded in favor of working contracted to households. This marked China's transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy with an increasingly open-market environment. China adopted its current constitution on 4 December 1982. In 1989, the suppression of student protests in Tiananmen Square brought sanctions against the Chinese government from various countries. It lagged off China's ambition to gain science and technology. Which ended in the death toll of thousands of students; the death count is still unclear.
The political status and future of Taiwanball remain uncertain. Chinaball is still encouraging Taiwanball with reunification. However, Taiwanball does not want to be ruled by Beijingball. Steps have been taken to improve relations between the Communist Party and several of Taiwanball's parties that hold a less antagonistic view towards China, notably former rival Kuomintang.
==Economic miracle? (1978+)==
In December 1978, Chinaball's economic reforms started led by Deng Xiaoping. The Communist Party of China (CPC) opened the formerly closed communist market to foreign investment. This enabled its citizens to do more business with the world. The developed countries mainly USAball, West European countries in EUball and Japanball invested trillions of dollars to build factories, infrastructure in Chinaball. Tens of millions of manufacturing jobs were exported to Chinaball. This is because the wages were much lower in Chinaball, so companies could save more money by manufacturing in Chinaball. These huge financial investments caused rapid economic growth in Chinaball.
Since the 1980s, Chinaball used smart trade practices and low-wage labor to compete with other countries. International patents are often ignored to make cheap knockoff products. However, more and more Chinese factories are popping up in southeast Asia and other poor countryballs, pissing off USAball
In 2011, Chinaball became the second-largest economy in the world. As a result, more than 850 million people were lifted out of extreme poverty. China's poverty rate fell from 88 percent in 1981 to 0.7 percent in 2015. By 2022, an estimated 550 million people will be middle-class in urban areas.
==World Participation==
The CPC gave Chinese corporations billions of dollars in loans to buy out established western companies. The purpose is to get rich and gain influence in foreign countryballs. Chinese corporations coordinate with the CPC on such schemes. The CPC controls domestic companies because they need the CPC's approval to stay in business.
The government also gave billions of dollars in loans bribes to poor countryballs in mainly Africa and Latin America (a few in Asia). Chinaball's outstanding loans have risen from almost nothing in 2000 to more than $700 billion in 2019, contributing to its internationalist character. Still, these loans are hard to repay if a project fails. Chinaball is the world's largest official creditor. It is bigger than the IMF and the World Bank combined. It doesn't disclose all its loans. The debt of the recipient balls to Chinaball rose from an estimated 1% in 2005 to 17% of their GDP in 2019. Commodity revenues are usually collateral.
In 2015, Chinaball celebrated the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II and claimed its peaceful rise. It has won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics and the 2015 Asia FIBA, which has also become its champion. It has rapidly armed its military. It also constructs artificial islands with military bases in the South China Sea but promised not to militarize them. It wants to use them as supply stations for fishermen. However, since Chinaball claims most of South China Sea, it upsets Vietnamball, Philippinesball, Indonesiaball, Malaysiaball and Bruneiball.
Xi Jinping became the leader of the CPC and the president of Chinaball on March 14, 2013. Xi has imposed crackdowns on corruption. He changed the law so that there's no restriction on renewal after his term. This means he can serve as the CPC leader for life. He added the requirement that Communist Party committees must be formed in all significant companies and institutions.
Since 31 December 2019, a deadly virus known as SARS-CoV-2 has spread through cities in China. It has started to spread throughout the World due to the people affected by the infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sixteen thousand four hundred people have died, and it's growing looser once it reaches every continent. Scientists are working for the cure. However, it will take weeks or months to finish the cure. The virus is affected in North America, Many countries in Asia and Europe. Some suspect it could lead to Earth's end if the virus continues.