BIP 0142

BIP: 142
 Layer: Applications
 Title: Address Format for Segregated Witness
 Author: Johnson Lau <jl2012@xbt.hk>
 Comments-Summary: No comments yet.
 Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0142
 Status: Withdrawn
 Type: Standards Track
 Created: 2015-12-24
 License: PD
== Abstract ==
This BIP describes new types of Bitcoin address to support native segregated witness transactions with 20-byte and 32-byte program.
== Motivation ==
To define standard payment address for native segregated witness (segwit) transactions to promote early adoption of the more efficient transaction method.
== Specification ==
The new Bitcoin address format defined is for the Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash (P2WPKH) and Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash (P2WSH) transaction described in segregated witness soft fork (BIP141). The scriptPubKey is an OP_0 followed by a push of 20-byte-hash (P2WPKH) or 32-byte hash (P2WSH).
The new address is encoded in a way similar to existing address formats:
 
 base58-encode:
 [1-byte address version]
 [1-byte witness program version]
 [0x00]
 [20/32-byte-hash]
 [4-byte checksum]
 
For P2WPKH address, the address version is 6 (0x06) for a main-network address or 3 (0x03) for a testnet address.
For P2WSH address, the address version is 10 (0x0A) for a main-network address or 40 (0x28) for a testnet address.
The witness program version is a 1-byte value between 0 (0x00) and 16 (0x10). Only version 0 is defined in BIP141. Versions 1 to 16 are reserved for future extensions.
Following the witness program version is a 0x00 padding to make sure that each witness program version will have a unique prefix.
Following the padding is the program hash, 20 byte for a P2WPKH address and 32 byte for a P2WSH address.
The 4-byte checksum is the first four bytes of the double SHA256 hash of the serialization of the previous items.
All addresses generated with this scheme will have a constant length, with 36 digits for 20-byte and 53 digits for 32-byte. Different witness program versions will have a unique prefix, as shown in the following table:
Witness program version	Hash size 	Hash size 	Hash size 	Hash size
Witness program version	20-byte (36 characters)	20-byte (36 characters)	32-byte (53 characters)	32-byte (53 characters)
Witness program version	Mainnet 	Testnet 	Mainnet 	Testnet
0 	p2 	QW 	7Xh 	T7n
1 	p4 	QY 	7Xq 	T7w
2 	p6 	Qa 	7Xz 	T85
3 	p7 	Qc 	7Y9 	T8E
4 	pA 	Qe 	7YH 	T8N
5 	pB 	Qf 	7YS 	T8X
6 	pD 	Qh 	7Ya 	T8g
7 	pF 	Qj 	7Yj 	T8p
8 	pG 	Qm 	7Yt 	T8y
9 	pJ 	Qn 	7Z2 	T97
10 	pL 	Qp 	7ZB 	T9G
11 	pN 	Qr 	7ZK 	T9Q
12 	pQ 	Qt 	7ZU 	T9Z
13 	pS 	Qv 	7Zc 	T9i
14 	pT 	Qw 	7Zm 	T9r
15 	pV 	Qy 	7Zv 	TA1
16 	pX 	R1 	7a4 	TA9
== Rationale ==
BIP141 defines 2 ways of encoding a "witness program", a data push of 2 to 32 bytes:
* A native witness program output is a scriptPubKey with a push of version byte followed by a push of witness program, and nothing else;
* Segwit-in-P2SH is a BIP16 P2SH redeemScript with a push of version byte followed by a push of witness program, while the scriptPubKey looks like a normal P2SH output.
Considering the BIP13 P2SH address has been defined in 2012, using segwit-in-P2SH allows most existing wallets to pay a segwit-compatible wallet without any upgrade. However, this method requires more block space and is only a short-term solution to make the transition smoother. Eventually, all users are expected to use the more efficient native witness program as the primary method of payment.
The drawbacks of Bitcoin addresses have been extensively discussed in BIP13. Since then, better payment methods have been proposed or deployed, for example:
*BIP47 Reusable Payment Codes for Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets
*BIP63 Stealth Addresses
*BIP70 Payment protocol
However, none of these are as widely adopted as the suboptimal base-58 scriptPubKey template addresses, which is still a standard for the whole eco-system, from wallets, block explorers, merchants, exchanges, to end users. It is believed that the proposed P2WPKH and P2WSH address format is the easiest way for wallets and services to adopt native witness program, which is particularly important in the context of scaling the capacity of the blockchain.
While P2WPKH address is specific for simple payment to a single public key, P2WSH address allows arbitrarily complex segwit transactions, similar to the BIP13 P2SH address.
== Compatibility ==
This proposal is not backward-compatible. However, an older implementation will report the new address type as invalid, and refuse to create a transaction.
This proposal is forward-compatible with future versions of witness programs of 20 and 32 bytes.
== Example ==
The following public key,
 
 0450863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B23522CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6
 
when encoded as a P2PKH template, would become:
 
 DUP HASH160 <010966776006953D5567439E5E39F86A0D273BEE> EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG
With the corresponding version 1 Bitcoin address being:
 
 16UwLL9Risc3QfPqBUvKofHmBQ7wMtjvM
 
When the same public key is encoded as P2WPKH, the scriptPubKey becomes: 
 
 OP_0 <010966776006953D5567439E5E39F86A0D273BEE>
Using 0x06 as address version, followed by 0x00 as witness program version, and a 0x00 padding, the equivalent P2WPKH address is:
 
 p2xtZoXeX5X8BP8JfFhQK2nD3emtjch7UeFm
 
== Reference implementation ==
https://github.com/theuni/bitcoin/commit/ede1b57058ac8efdefe61f67395affb48f2c0d80
== References ==
* BIP 13: Address Format for pay-to-script-hash
* BIP 16: Pay to Script Hash
* BIP 70: Payment Protocol
* BIP 141: Segregated Witness
== Copyright ==
This work is placed in the public domain.