nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Asia-Pacific Security Challenges

The Asia-Pacific Security Challenges conference was held by the Prague Security Studies Institute in partnership with the Prague Security Studies Institute Washington on 7-9 September 2008.PSSI Asia-Pacific Security Challenges: Implications for Europe and Atlantic Alliance,Prague Security Studies Institute, Accessed 25-February-2009.
==Conference Overview==
The conference was designed to address the threat to security posed by "terrorism, nuclear proliferation and spread of
weapons of mass destruction, deadly diseases, drug trafficking as well as energy and food
security", in the Asia-Pacific area which is described as "the most unstable region of the contemporary world". 
The reasons for this instability according to the conference outline are: 
* The fallout from Middle East tensions, particularly the conflict in Iraq
* The Iranian regime of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 
* Instability in Afghanistan 
* Terrorist insurgencies in "lawless Western Pakistan, possibly along with Osama Bin Laden"
* Nuclearised North Korea. 
* China is also identified as a security threat for: 
:"Seeking a position of regional hegemon, challenging the influence of the U.S.", the reason for this is put down to "China's goal may be to fundamentally change the post-WWII strategic balance in the region, carefully built by the Americans, in it's favour." China is accused of "Unscrupulous" trade with authoritarian regimes in Sudan, Venezuela and MynamarPSSI, APC Conference Overview, Prague Security Studies Institute, Accessed 04-June-2009.
==Participants==
Alberto Romulo | Alexandr Vondra | Brian Kennedy | C. Richard D’Amato | C.S. Kiang | Christian Wagner | Diego Ruiz Palmer | Fort Fu-Te Liao | Frank Gaffney | Guy F Caruso | Jana Kosarkova | Jean-Luc Racine | Jir Sedivy | Jiri Schneider | Karel Kovanda | Karel Schwarzenberg | Konstantin Simonov | Martin Hala | Mead Treadwell | Mlynec Restaurant | Nadeeka Withana | Narushige Michishita | Nobuo Tanaka | Oldrich Cerny | Paulo Sergio Pinheiro | Pavel Bem | Peter R. Huessy | Pierre Morel | Richard Lawless | Richard W. Graber | Roger W Robinson | Ruppert Hammond-Chambers | Sang Hyun Lee | Susan Sim | Tomas Smetanka | Tseten Samdup Chhoekyapa | Vaclav Bartuska | Vaclav Havel | Waheguru Pal Sidhu| William F Martin | Yury Fedorov
==Notes==
Category:Conferences
Asia Foundation

The Asia Foundation based in San Francisco and founded in 1954, was established and subsidized by the CIA until 1967 when the link was exposed. Since 1984, through the Asia Foundation Act, its funding source has changed to the State Department. Today it has 18 offices across Asia, 12 of which were established by 'anti-communist propagandist', James L. Stewart 
:It "was founded in 1954 and throughout the 1960s had an annual budget of about $8 million. This money was used to support Asian schools and libraries, give travel grants to Asians for international conferences, and in support of expanded Pacific trade. In 1967 it was revealed that they were receiving CIA funds. Victor Marchetti, once an executive assistant to the CIA's deputy director, is less delicate -- he says Asia Foundation was established by the CIA and until 1967 was heavily subsidized by them, even though some of their activities were legitimate. 
"In 1987 the Foundation received $10 million from State and another $3.7 million from AID, in addition to private support (88 percent of which was in the form of donated books) and matching Asian contributions." 
In Afghanistan, the organization works in conjunction with the mercenary firm, Global Risk Strategies.
==Principals==
*Douglas Bereuter - President (as of 2004)
Officers
*William L. Ball III, Chairman of the Board and Executive Committee; President, National Soft Drink Association; Former U.S. Secretary of the Navy
*Michael H. Armacost, Vice Chairman; Shorenstein Distinguished Fellow for Political Affairs, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University; Former U.S. Ambassador and Under Secretary of State
*William P. Fuller, President (stepped down in 2004)
*Susan J. Pharr, Secretary
*Edwin O. Reischauer, Professor of Japanese Politics, Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, and Acting Director, Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University
*Paul S. Slawson, Treasurer; Business Leader
*Barnett F. Baron, Executive Vice President
*Gordon R. Hein, Vice President, Programs
*Nancy Yuan, Vice President and Director, Washington, D.C.
*John Croizat, Assistant Treasurer
*Gretchen Yen, Assistant Secretary
Members / Officers and Senior Staff in U.S. / Staff in Asia
==Related Articles==
* Charles Burress, "James L. Stewart -- longtime liaison to Asia", The San Francisco Chronicle, January 29, 2006
*Christeopher Red, Hanoi spy and Time journalist who was loved by both sides , The Guardian, October 25, 2006
category:Democracy Promotion
Asia Pacific Alcohol Policy Alliance

The Asia Pacific Alcohol Policy Alliance (APAPA) is a network of over 65 NGOs committed to the development of effective alcohol policy in the Asia Pacific region. They aim to work with other organisations to reduce alcohol-related harm worldwide by promoting science-based policies independent of commercial interests. APAPA Website About accessed 30th July 2009 
They aim to contribute towards the development of effective alcohol policy through meetings, information sharing, publications, and electronic communications; with the purpose to disseminate information regionally on effective alcohol policies and policy advocacy. Another of the group's objectives is to raise awareness of the issues surrounding alcohol policy by informing and working with local communities, national governments and international public health stakeholders. APAPA hope to publicise the negative consequences of alcohol which manifest as social, economic and health issues and to form alliances with other groups to advocate for international and national governmental and non-governmental efforts to reduce alcohol related harm worldwide. They operate within the WHO's 
Western Pacific and South East Asia regions.APAPA Website About accessed 30th July 2009 
== References ==
Category:Alcohol Category:Alcohol NGOs
Asian Food Information Centre

Asian Food Information Centre (AFIC) is a Singapore-registered 'not for profit organisation' founded in 1998. According to AFIC, 'Accurate information about food safety, nutrition and health needs to be communicated clearly to both opinion leaders and consumers. The Asian Food Information Centre was established to meet this need.' AFIC's role is thus 'to effectively communicate science-based information to the media and other key audiences in the Asia Pacific region.' 
According to the very limited information available on its website, AFIC is funded by 'the food, beverage and agriculture industries'. This wording is similar to that used by the US-based International Food Information Council (IFIC) which also states that it is supported primarily by the 'food, beverage and agricultural industries.' AFIC, like IFIC, does not include information about its funders on its website, but IFIC's funders are known to include corporations like Monsanto, BASF, Cargill, Dow, DuPont, and Syngenta. On AFIC's old website a link was included to IFIC which stated, 'IFIC is a similar organisation to AFIC based in the US.' In a press release on the current website IFIC is described as AFIC's 'US-based sister organization (IFIC)'. 
According to the Annual Report 2003 of CropLife Asia, a trade body supported by BASF, Bayer, Dow, Dupont, Monsanto and Syngenta, 'An important part of 2003 activity was alliance building with like-minded organisations supporting biotechnology science in the region. The project team continued to support the work of ISAAA across Asia-Pacific, and its network of Biotechnology Information Centres (BIC) in particular. The team also continued its strong alliance with the Asian Food Information Council (AFIC) and support for its biotechnology consumer surveys, and development of strong local positive biotechnology messages.' Given AFIC's parallels with IFIC it is interesting to note that IFIC's consumer surveys are deliberately designed to prompt positive responses about 'biotechnology'. 
AFIC has also collaborated with ISAAA (the biotech industry-backed International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications) to develop for the Asia Pacific region a special educational guide, Food Biotechnology: a Communications Guide to Enhance Understanding.
Category:Food Industry lobby groupsCategory:GMCategory:BiotechnologyCategory:GM Lobby Groups
==Notes==
Asian Survey

Asian Survey (ISSN: 0004-4687) is an academic journal founded in 1961 and produced in the United States by the United States Calirfornia Press. It is said to 'provide a comprehensive retrospective of contemporary international relations within South, Southeast, and East Asian nations.' Asian Survey University of California Press, accessed 7 May 2015 
The journal that is published bimonthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December, covers a variety of topics ranging from diplomacy, disarmament, missile defense, and modernization, to ethnicity, ethnic violence, economic nationalism and global capitalism. 
==People 2015==
====Editor====
*Lowell Dittmer - University of California, Berkeley
====Editorial Staff====
*Bonnie Déhler - production editor
*David Fraser - managing editor
*Matthew H. Baxter - associate editor for South Asia
====Editorial Board====
*Tun-jen Cheng | Pradeep K. Chhibber | Stephen P. Cohen | Gerald L. Curtis | Sumit Ganguly | Alastair Iain Johnston | Peter J. Katzenstein | Samuel S. Kim | Ellis S. Krauss | Chae-Jin Lee | Hong Yung Lee | R. William Liddle | John Lie | Edward J. Lincoln | Andrew J. MacIntyre | Diane K. Mauzy | Barry Naughton | Kevin J. O'Brien | Jean Oi | T. J. Pempel | Jeffrey Romm | Frances McCall Rosenbluth | Gilbert F. Rozman | Lawrence Sáez | Amita Shastri | Steven Vogel | Lynn T. White III | Martin K. Whyte editorial staff University of California Press, accessed 7 May 2015 
==Notes==
Category:Terrorism Journal
Aspect Consulting

Aspect Consulting is a PR company founded in November 2004 specializing in:
*Organisational alignment communications 
*External reputation management 
*Political communication support
==Message for Georgia==
On 7 August 2008, Georgia invaded South Ossetia and bombarded Tskhinvali. Russian forces routed the Georgian forces and entered Georgian territory. From the beginning the Georgian propaganda was run by Aspect Consulting – a fact admitted by James Hunt on 19 September 2008 on BBC's NewsWatchStarts at the 4:30min point. Aspect Consulting bombarded news organizations with a "Georgia is the victim of Russian aggression" message, and managed to land many such messages on the main newsmedia, especially the BBC.
James Hunt:
:I think we tried to understand the way in which Western news organisations work better than the Russians did in the sense that we put human beings in front of the camera. We recognised the need for emotionalism in emotional times rather than the way that the Russians did which was to keep, if you like a very robotic, very old fashioned media approach. We also recognised the need to feed the rolling news channels with the constant updates of what was happening. Newswatch, BBC News channel, Friday 19 September 2008 on BBC's NewsWatch
==Principals==
===As of 2008===
Brussels Office
James Hunt
Frans Green
Patrick Worms
Martin Light
Sinead O'Laoire
Sylvie Aitken
Dominique Lemort
Christopher Flores
Marie-Jeanne Capuano
Christina Roosen
Nicoleta Raportaru
Aymeric Leruste†
Caroline van Rennes†
Sybil Collignon†
Paris Office
François Ramaget
Anne-Gaël Girard
London Office
Harry Hunt
Oliver Cann
Lisa Bryant
Ben McCarthy
Source (accessed: 27 October 2008)Who We Are (accessed: 27 October 2008)
† = Recent addition since 21 September 2008
==Clients==
===Circa 2008===
*Exxon Mobil
*Kellogg's 
*Procter and Gamble
===Circa 2013===
*Open Society Institute
*FoodDrinkEurope
*International Life Sciences Institute
==Contact, References and Resources==
===Contact===
:Website: www.aspectconsulting.eu
===Resources===
*Peter Wilby, Georgia has won the PR war, 18 August 2008.
===References===
Category:Public relations firms
Aspen Institute

The Aspen Institute is a think tank founded in 1950 by businessman Walter Paepcke in Aspen, Colorado.
==Activities==
The Aspen Institute organizes lectures on the preferred topics currently in vogue among neocon circles: relationship between Islam and terror, Iran and nuclear weapons, etc.
===Travel===
The Aspen Institute also has funded travel by US policy makers to conferences, events, where neocons propound their policy wishes. Several US Congressmen have been sponsored to attend conferences on "terror" and related topics.Kimberly Geiger, Chronicle Washington Bureau Steep drop in travel spending after congressional scandals, $1.34 million this year, down from $3.9 million in 2003, Sunday, October 15, 2006 San Francisco Chronicle
==People==
===Presidents===
*Walter Paepcke (1950 - 1957)
*Robert O. Anderson (1957 - 1963)
*Alvin C. Eurich (1963 - 1967)
*William F. Stevenson (1967 - 1969)
*Joseph E. Slater (1969 - 1986)
*Colin W. William (1986 - 1988)
*David McLaughlin (1988 - 1994)
*S. Frederick Starr (1994 - 1995)
*David McLaughlin (1995 - 1997)
*Charles B. Knapp (1997 - 1999)
*Elmer W. Johnson (1999 - 2003)
*Walter Isaacson (2003 - )
===Members===
*Sidney Harman - board member
*Charles Powell
* John P Mascotte is a Trustee Emeritus of The Aspen Institute Wyeth John P Mascotte Accessed 6th February 2008. 
* Vin Weber - Chief Executive Officer of lobbying firm Clark & Weinstock is on the Board of the Aspen Institute (where he serves on the Institute’s Middle East Strategy Group)Clark & Weinstock Vin Weber Accessed 20th March 2008.
==Related organisations==
*Aspen Strategy Group
*Aspen Institute Berlin
*Aspen Institute Italy
*Aspen Institute India
==Contact, Resources, References==
===Contact===
:Website: www.aspeninstitute.org
===Resources===
*RightWeb Profile, last updated October 2005.
*Nine Trustees Elected to Aspen Institute Board, U.S. Newswire, 7 April 2003.
===Notes===
Category: Think Tanks
Aspen Institute Berlin

The Aspen Institute Berlin is the German branch of the Aspen Institute.
==People==
===Directors===
*Shepard Stone (1974 - 1988)
*David An­der­son (1989 - 1997)
*Catherine McArdle Kelleher (1998 - 2000)
*Jeffrey Gedmin (2001 - 2006)
*Charles King Mal­lo­ry IV (since 2007)
===Trustees===
*Evan Bayh
*Georges Berthoin
*Prof. Kurt Biedenkopf
*Bill Bradley
*Dr. Marion Gräfin Dönhoff
*Lawrence Eagleburger
*Hans-Dietrich Genscher
*Dr. Manfred Gentz
*Prof. Bronislaw Geremek
*François Heisbourg
*Hans-Olaf Henkel
*Dr. Catherine McArdle Kelleher
*Prof. Charles B. Knapp
*Georg Krupp
*Dr. Alexander A. Kwapong
*Prof. Wolf Lepenies
*Prof. David Marquand
*Ann McLaughlin
*Dominique Moïsi
*Dr. Horst Niemeyer
*Jürgen Reuning
*Edzard Reuter
*Dr. Harald J. Schröder
*Dr. Klaus Schütz
*Carlo Scognamiglio
*Prof. Fritz Stern
*Prof. Rita Süssmuth
*Prof. Werner Weidenfeld
*Dr. Richard von Weizsäcker
==Notes==
Category:Germany
Aspen Institute Italia

The Aspen Institute Italia, founded in 1984, is headquartered in Rome with an office in Milan. It is an affiliate of the original US Aspen Institute, founded in 1950.Identity and Mission, Aspen Institute Italia, accessed 7 January 2009.
==People==
Cesare Romiti - Honorary chairman | Carlo Scognamiglio - Honorary chairman | Giulio Tremonti - Chairman | John Elkann - Vice chairman | Enrico Letta - Vice chairman | Paolo Savona - Vice chairman | Lucio Stanca - Vice chairman | Angelo Maria Petroni - Secretary General | Marta Dassù - Director General - International Activities Editor of Aspenia | Giovanna Launo - Director General - National Activities | Adelia Lovati - Administrative Director
===Executive Committee===
Luigi Abete | Giuliano Amato | Lucia Annunziata | Alberto Bombassei | Francesco Caltagirone | Giuseppe Cattaneo | Fedele Confalonieri | Francesco Cossiga | Maurizio Costa | Gianni De Michelis | Umberto Eco | John Elkann | Pietro Ferrero | Jean-Paul Fitoussi | Franco Frattini | Cesare Geronzi | Piero Gnudi | Gian Maria Gros-Pietro | Enrico Letta | Gianni Letta | Emma Marcegaglia | Francesco Micheli | Paolo Mieli | Mario Monti | Tommaso Padoa Schioppa | Corrado Passera | Riccardo Perissich | Angelo Maria Petroni | Mario Pirani | Roberto Poli | Ennio Presutti | Romano Prodi | Gianfelice Rocca | Cesare Romiti | Paolo Savona | Carlo Scognamiglio | Domenico Siniscalco | Lucio Stanca | Robert K. Steel | Giulio Tremonti | Giuliano Urbani | Giacomo Vaciago
===Staff===
Mariapaola Biasi - Aspen Seminars for Leaders | Roberto Billiani - Trustees and Institute Activities | Alessandra Iaccino - International Programs | Francesco Leopardi Dittaiuti - Coordinator Aspen Junior Fellows | Simonetta Savona - Friends of Aspen, Library and Documentation Manager | Josef Schluttenhofer - International Programs | Paola Fienga - Assistant to the Secretary General | Alessia De Marzo - Assistant to the Director General international Activities | Antonio Alizzi | Massimo Barison | Novella Cavallari | Leila Cristiano | Daniela D'Amato | Micaela Ferrari | Paola Fienga | Laura Gennai | Giampaolo Martinoli | Maria Luisa Sorgente | Rosi Tezzon | Sara Zinanni | Stefania Salustri - Communications and Press Relations | Roberto Menotti - Senior Research Fellow, International Programs and Aspenia Editorial Consultant | Gyneth Sick - Editing e-publishing | Gabriella Mignano - Assistant to the Administrative Director and Website Administrator | Gianluca Glonfoni - Information System and Security Management | Marcelo Lago - Database and Network Management | Stefania Cecchini - Reception and Supplies
==Resources==
*http://www.nato.int/docu/conf/2003/c031002b.pdf
==References==
Category:ItalyCategory:Think Tanks
Aspen Strategy Group

The Aspen Strategy Group (ASG), founded in 1984, is a program of the Aspen Institute. It is a bipartisan forum composed of current and former politicians, civil servants, academics, journalists and business leaders who discuss issues of key importance in the realms of foreign policy, strategy and international security.
The ASG is also involved in the creation and development of the Aspen Atlantic Group, composed of former foreign ministers from North America and Europe, as well as the "U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue" which the ASG co-sponsors with the Confederation of Indian Industry. 
==Leadership==
*R. Nicholas Burns, Director
*Joseph Nye, Co-Chair
*Brent Scowcroft, Co-Chair
==Notes==
Aspire Academies Trust

Aspire Academies Trust runs state-funded academy schools in Cornwall, England. As of 2016, it runs 15 schools.
==People==
Members (2016):
*Paul Roberts
*Sandra Hodge
*Chris Hender
Trustees (2016):
*Andrew Fielder; CEO of Aspire. Former DfE Advisor (2003-12) on communications, bureaucracy reduction and policy development. 
*Michael Larsen; Senior Managing Director at Harbert Management Corp, a privately-owned investment firm. 
*Peter Gregory; responsible for all finance, premises and IT issues at the Trust.
*Theresa Frost
*Anna Corbett
*Graham Renwick
*Lorna Rabey; Company Secretary
==Linked companies==
*Aspire Academy Trading Ltd
*Aspire Umbrella Trust
==Contact==
Website: http://www.aspireacademytrust.org
==References==
Category:Education IndustryCategory:Multi Academy Trusts
Assaf Moghadam

Dr. Assaf Moghadam, consultant and former senior analyst at MM~Law. He is an Associate Professor at the Combating Terrorism Center at the United States Military Academy, West Point.Consultants, MM~Law, accessed 15 July 2013. Since 2011, he has also been Senior Lecturer at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy and Senior Researcher at the International Institute for Counterterrorism of the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya.Assaf Moghadam, Ph.D, Inter-Disciplinary Center, Herzliya, accessed 27 July 2013.
Moghadam served as senior analyst at MM~LAW from 2003-2006 and has had fellowships at the following institutions: Jebsen Center for Counterterrorism Studies, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University; Harvard University, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs; Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Washington DC; Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Washington, DC; Human Rights Institute, Columbia University School of Law; and The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington DC.Consultants, MM~Law, accessed 15 July 2013. 
Moghadam has a Ph.D. in International Relations from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University (Dissertation Title: “The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi-Jihadism, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks”). He is a former Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (BCSIA), International Security Program/Initiative on Religion in International Affairs John F. Kennedy School of Government; a former Post Doctoral Research Fellow in National Security at Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. He has an M.A. in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University (Master’s Thesis: “Palestinian Suicide Terrorism in the Second Intifada: Motivations and Organizational Aspects.”), and a B.A. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Consultants, MM~Law, accessed 15 July 2013.
==Notes==
Moghadam, Assaf
Assessments Group (MI5 Northern Ireland)

The Assessments Group was part of MI5 in Northern Ireland.
According to the Pat Finucane Review by Sir Desmond de Silva QC:
::The Assessments Group was the section responsible for receiving intelligence relating to Northern Ireland from the RUC SB, the Security Service and the FRU, and using it to produce intelligence reports and assessments for the intelligence community and the UK Government.Sir Desmond de Silva, Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures, Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012. 
==Personnel==
Head of Assessments Group (HAG)The Rosemary Nelson Inquiry Report (PDF), Crown Copyright, 23 May 2001, p.163.
*S519 - Desk officer 1995-97.Transcript Day 69, Rosemary Nelson Inquiry, 3 November 2008.
*S284 - Agent handler and desk officer pre 1997.Transcript Day 71, Rosemary Nelson Inquiry, 5 November 2008.
*S703 - Desk Officer 1997-1999.Transcript Day 70, Rosemary Nelson Inquiry, 4 November 2008.
*S188 - c.1998.Transcript Day 103, Rosemary Nelson Inquiry, 9 February 2009.
==Notes==
Category:State Violence and Collusion ProjectCategory:Northern IrelandCategory:SpooksCategory:MI5