nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
International Communist Opposition

The International Communist Opposition was the organisation of the Right Opposition, one of three major factions of international communism in the 1930s. The others were the official Communist International dominated by Joseph Stalin and the International Left Communist Opposition of Leon Trotsky.Robert J. Alexander, The Right Opposition: The Lovestoneites and the International Communist Opposition of the 1930s, Greenwood Press, 1981, p.5.
==Notes==
Category:Right Opposition
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (IFCTU) was an international labour federation set up in 1949.ICFTU: What it is, What it Does..., ICFTU, accessed 25 March 2012. it was dissolved in October 2006 to coincide with the formation of the International Trade Union Confederation which absorbed affiliates of the IFCTU and the World Confederation of Labour.Strength in unity: a new international trade union confederation is born, ICFTU, 31 October 2006.
==List of General Secretaries==
*J.H. Oldenbroek 1949-1960
*Omer Becu 1960-1967
*Harm G. Buiter 1967-1971
*Otto Kersten 1972-1982
*John Vanderveken 1982-1992
*Enzo Friso 1992-1994
*Bill Jordan 1995-2006ICFTU General Secretaries from 1949 to the present day, ICFTU, 25 March 2012.
==Notes==
Category:Trade and Labour Unions
International Conference on Terrorism and Human Rights

'International Conference on Terrorism and Human Rights' was the title of a conference held at the University of St. Andrews between 13-15 July 2003. A selection of papers presented at the conference were subsequently made publicly available in a special issue of the journal Terrorism and Political Violence. from the University of St. Andrews in response to a request under the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002, 3 September 2008
==Notes==
category:Terrorism conferences and seminars
International Congress on the Islamisation of Europe

The International Congress on the Islamisation of Europe was a conference organised by French group Bloc Identitaire (BI), in Paris on 18 December 2010.
==Speakers==
Rene Stadtkewitz, leader of Die Freiheit, a populist, anti-immigration and anti-Islam political party founded in Germany in October 2010. Hope Not Hate, Die Freiheit, Counterjihad Movement: Germany, accessed 19 January 2015
==Notes==
Category:Counterjihad convergences
Category:Counterjihad
Category:Islam Critics
International Corporate Governance Network

==About the Network==
According to its own account:
The International Corporate Governance Network ('ICGN') is an unincorporated, not-for-profit association under the laws of England and Wales. It has four primary purposes:
:to provide an investor-led network for the exchange of views and information about corporate governance issues internationally;
:to examine corporate governance principles and practices; and
:to develop and encourage adherence to corporate governance standards and guidelines;
:to generally promote good corporate governance.
Membership of ICGN is open to those who are committed to the development of good corporate governance. The Membership section explains the benefits of membership, the different types of membership and how to join the Network.
ICGN members are estimated to hold assets exceeding $10 trillion.
==People==
*Anne Simpson Executive Director
==Board of Governors==
The current Board was elected at the ICGN's Annual General Assembly held at the Guildhall, London on 8 July 2005. 
===Chairman===
*Mr Christian Strenger, Company Director and Government Adviser, DWS Investment GmbH (Germany)
===Board Members===
*Mark Anson CalPERS (USA)
*Mr Philip Armstrong Head, Global Corporate Governance Forum (USA)
*Mr Bruce Babcock President, ADP ICS-Europe and Asia (UK)
*Mr Pierre Bollon (Treasurer) Chief Executive, AFG (France)
*Dr Andrew Clearfield President, Investment Initiatives (USA)
*Ms Margaret Foran SVP-Corporate Governance, Associate General Counsel & Corporate Secretary, Pfizer Inc (USA)
*Mr Richard Koppes Of Counsel, Jones Day (USA)
*Mr Alan MacDougall Managing Director, PIRC Limited (UK)
*Mr Peter Montagnon Head of Investment Affairs, Association of British Insurers (UK)
*Mr Stilpon Nestor Principal, Nestor Advisors (UK)
*Mr Taiji Okusu Managing Director, Credit Suisse First Boston (Japan)
		
The website was developed by Jeremy Miller
International Counter-Terrorism Officers Association

==Promoting Islamophobia==
ICTOA hosted a talk in Last Vegas by Walid Shoebat, a controversial anti-Islam, pro-Israel campaigner, many of whose claims about his own history as a "former Islamic terrorist" have proved false, to an audience of homeland security officials. ICTOA president Michael Riker defended his decision to invite Shoebat:
:What you hear from Walid is the TRUTH. The attendees were glued to what [Walid] had to say and the majority of them agreed. The liberal media is afraid to hear what the truth really is. Who has been planning attacks on our country? We are in a war of ideology and if you don't know that you need to get you head out of the sand.Thomas Cincotta, Manufacturing the Muslim Menace: Private Firms, Public Servants, & the Threat to Rights and Security, Political Research Associates, 2011
==Principals==
*Michael Riker - President
==Resources==
*Chris Hedges, Your Taxes Fund Anti-Muslim Hatred, TruthDig.com, 9 May 2011.
*Thomas Cincotta, Manufacturing the Muslim Menace: Private Firms, Public Servants, & the Threat to Rights and Security, Political Research Associates, 2011. 
==Notes==
category:Terrorism Industry
International Energy Agency

==Background==
The EIA is a department of the OECD. It acts as an energy policy advisor to 28 member countries. It now focuses on "the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries."
"the IEA conducts a broad programme of energy research, data compilation, publications and public dissemination of the latest energy policy analysis and recommendations on good practices." International Energy Agency, "IEA About us page", IEA homepage, about us. Accessed 12/02/09
The IEA is a UK based observer organisation to the COP and Kyoto process.
==History==
The IEA was formed during the oil crisis 1973 to 74.
===External Resources===
===Notes===
Category:Climate Change Category:Climate Category:Energy Category:Climate: Energy Industry Category:Climate: Government and International Agencies Category:Climate Policy Groups Category:Climate: Energy
International Federation of Health Plans

International Federation of Health Plans is a global network of health insurers, with over hundred member companies in 31 countries. It is based in London. 
Its members in the UK are AXA PPP Healthcare, Bupa, Simplyhealth Group, Westfield Contributory Health Scheme, Western Provident Association.IFHP website, Our Members, accessed Nov 2010
==Activities==
IFHP offers its members a range of services: 
* exclusive member-only events
* market intelligence 
* educational programmes 
* privileged access to a unique network of high level contacts across the industry.International Federation of Health Plans, What we do, accessed October 2010
==People==
*Tom Sackville, CEO
IFHP's Council Members in the UK:
*Keith Gibbs, Chief Executive Officer AXA PPP Healthcare Group
*Ray King, Chief Executive, Bupa
==Contact==
Suite 196 Grosvenor Gardens House
35 - 37 Grosvenor Gardens
London
SW1W 0BS
Url: www.ifhp.com
==References==
 
Category:Healthcare Industry
International Financial Centres Forum

International Financial Centres Forum (IFCF) was launched in London in December 2009, with the stated aim to "provide authoritative and balanced information to contribute to the public conversation on the role of IFCs in the global economy."Launch of the International Financial Centres Forum – A new voice for International Financial Centres, Dec 2009
"The founding members of the IFC Forum are the primary law firms in several of the leading small international financial centres. Member firms include representatives from Appleby, Conyers Dill and Pearman, Mourant Ozannes, Ogier and Walkers, advised by Stikeman Elliott, LLP. Members also include: Maples and Calder, Old Mutual, and Rawlinson & Hunter.
==Lobbying activity==
In January 2011 IFCF issued a briefing statement on the tax avoidance debate. It begins:
:"The recent demonstrations by organisations such as UK Uncut have brought the debate over tax avoidance back into the public arena, as has the publication of Treasure Islands by Nicholas Shaxson. The issues raised are not new, but the tone of the rhetoric - spurred on by public anger over banking bonuses and spending cuts – has reached new heights.
:"The IFC Forum is concerned at the unbalanced nature of the debate. Well-informed public discussion is critical to sound policymaking, which should be based on economic fundamentals. The current public conversation requires a better understanding of why and how the rise of offshore finance has benefited the global economy.
However, it states that "true levels of tax avoidance and evasion in most offshore IFCs are far lower than what is asserted by detractors", citing "independent studies such as “Tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax expenditures” from the University of Oxford (Oxford University Centre for Business TaxationTax evasion, tax avoidance and tax expenditures in developing countries, June 2009).IFCF, Statement on tax avoidance debate (pdf), 26 Jan 2011
==Contact==
Cicero Consulting (Mark Twigg) act as IFCF's Secretariat.Launch of the International Financial Centres Forum – A new voice for International Financial Centres, Dec 2009
==References==
Category: Financial sector lobbyingCategory:Tax avoidance
International Food Policy Research Institute

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is based in Washington DC. It says it
:seeks sustainable solutions for ending hunger and poverty. IFPRI is one of 15 centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an alliance of 64 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations.IFPRI (2012) About Us, IFPRI website, acc 20 Jul 2012
==IFPRI and Bt cotton in India==
The widespread failure of the genetically modified Bt cotton crop in India, and the resulting burden of debt among poor cotton farmers, has been blamed by many, Prince Charles among them, for being a major cause of thousands of farmer suicides.Andrew Malone, “The GM genocide: Thousands of Indian farmers are committing suicide after using genetically modified crops” Daily Mail, 3 November 2008, accessed November 2008 
The link between farmer suicides and Bt cotton has been disputed by a 2008 report from the (consistently pro-GM) IFPRI. An article in the (UK) Guardian titled "Indian farmer suicides not GM related, says study" proclaimed, "Suicides among Indian farmers have not increased as a result of the introduction of GM crops, according to a large scientific study."James Randerson, "Indian farmer suicides not GM related, says study", The Guardian, 5 November 2008, accessed November 2008 
The Guardian article quotes the report to the effect that "There is no evidence in available data of a 'resurgence' of farmer suicide in India in the last five years" (Monsanto's Bt cotton was introduced into India in 2002). 
However, the full report, for those who take the trouble to read it, tells a different story from the one that was spun to the media. The authors admit that the data is simply not available that would allow conclusions as to the numbers of Bt cotton farmers who have committed suicide: "None of the reported data sources on farmer suicide provide information about the concerned farmers' characteristics."Guillaume P. Gruère, Purvi Mehta-Bhatt, Debdatta Sengupta, "Bt Cotton and Farmer Suicides: Reviewing the Evidence", IFPRI Discussion Paper 00808, International Food Policy Research Institute, October 2008, p. 26, accessed November 2008 
In fact, there are not even numbers on how many of the Indian farmers who have killed themselves grew cotton, let alone Bt cotton, or on how many farmers committed suicide after their crops failed. The IFPRI authors admit their findings do not allow them to "reject the potential role of Bt cotton varieties in the observed discrete increase in farmer suicides in certain states and years". 
==Affiliations==
==Funding==
==Contact==
:Address:
:...
:...
:...
:...
:
:Phone:
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:Email:
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:Website: 
:...
==Resources==
==Notes==
Category:GM
International Forum for Democratic Studies

The International Forum for Democratic Studies was set up by the National Endowment for Democracy in 1994. According to their website they are:
:"A premier center for analysis and discussion of the theory and practice of democratic development worldwide, and a clearinghouse for information on groups and institutions working to achieve and maintain democracy around the world. 
:"...the Forum seeks to bridge the gap that often separates democratic thought and research from the practice and promotion of democracy. Through its publications, conferences, and academic networking, the Forum also supports and enhances the NED's grants program. 
:"The Forum's activities involve and benefit scholars, policy makers, and activists from around the world representing diverse experiences and views. As part of its core mission linking democracy scholars and research centers in every region of the world, the Forum has initiated four interrelated programs: 
*"Research and Conferences - through a combination of international conferences and meetings, analyzes the practical and theoretical aspects of democracy and democratization. 
*"Democracy Resource Center - a library that facilitates democracy research through the developing of Internet research aides, online databases, and maintains a large collection of materials on democracy. 
*"The Journal of Democracy - a quarterly magazine and book series. 
*"The Fellowship Programs - enables democracy activists, scholars, and journalists from around the world to spend time in residence at the Forum." 
*Co-director, Marc F. Plattner 
==Contact==
:Web: www.ned.org/forum/internationalforum.html
International Foundation for Civil Liberties

The International Foundation for Civil Liberties (IFCL) is a non-profit organisation established in December 2000 in New York City. 
The IFCL website says that the organisation "strive[s] to provide financial, legal, informational and logistical resources to secure human rights and civil liberties in Russia." 'About the Foundation', kolokol.org, web archive accessed 14 May, 2009.
==People==
*Boris Berezovsky
*Alex Goldfarb
Category:Russia
International Free Press Society

The International Free Press Society was formed on 1 January 2009 with addresses in Fredriksberg, Denmark and the US. It is dedicated to fighting what it claims is the threat to freedom of speech arising from 'powerful and determined forces within Islam [that] are conducting a jihad against the West in order to undermine the Judeo-Christian conception of freedom, which emphasizes religious liberty, individual rights, and equality before the law'.Policy Statement, International Free Press Society, 1 January 2009.
Most of the IFPS board members had previously been active in the Counterjihad movement. Lars Hedegaard, Paul Belien, Bat Ye'or, Andrew Bostom, Robert Spencer, and Sam Solomon all attended the CounterJihad Europa conference in Brussels in October 2007.Daniel Luban and Eli Clifton, POLITICS: Dutch Foe of Islam Ignores US Allies' Far Right Ties, Inter Press Service, 28 February 2009.
On 27 February 2009, the IFPS sponsored an event for Geert Wilders at the National Press Club in Washington DC.
==Criticisms==
Although the IFPS claims to promote free speech, it has championed the cause of anti-Islam Dutch MP Geert Wilders, who has called for the Koran to be banned.
The IFPS has links to the European far right through vice president Paul Belien, who is married to Vlaams Belang MP Alexandra Colen.
==People==
===Board of directors===
*Lars Hedegaard - President
*Paul Belien - Vice President
*Diana West - Vice President
*Christine Brim - Secretary
*Bjorn Larsen - Treasurer
*Ned May - Outreach Coordinator
===Board of advisers===
Asger Aamund | Bat Ye’or | Andrew Bostom | Helle Merete Brix | Stephen Coughlin | Rachel Ehrenfeld | Brigitte Gabriel | Frank J. Gaffney, Jr. | David Harris | Ole Hasselbalch | Ibn Warraq | Hans Jansen | Ehsan Jami | Philippe Karsenty | Roger Kimball | Ezra Levant | Kenneth Levin | Clare Lopez | Andrew C. McCarthy | Daniel Pipes | Nidra Poller | Roger Scruton | Kathy Shaidle | Sam Solomon | Robert Spencer | Mark Steyn | Brad Thor | Bruce Thornton | Allen West | Geert Wilders | Banafsheh Zand-Bonazzi
==Affiliations==
*Free Press Society (Denmark)
*Aish HaTorah - IFPS promoted The Third Jihad, a film produced for its front organisation Clarion Fund by Rabbi Raphael Shore.
==Contact==
*Address: International Free Press Society, Pelargonievej 7, DK-2000 Fredriksberg, Denmark
*Email: lhedegaard@freepressmonitor.com
*Website: http://www.internationalfreepresssociety.org/
===Notes===
Category:Denmark
Category:Counterjihad
Category:Islam Critics
International Freedom Educational Foundation

The International Freedom Educational Foundation (formerly known as the International Freedom Education Foundation) is a Bethesda, Maryland based think tank (formerly based in Arlington, Virginia), created in 2004, with a mission to 'advance education, and to further other charitable and educational purposes, in the promotion of free markets, limited government under the rule of law and personal responsibility'.IFEF About, accessed 26 August 2013
The IFEF first registered its website address theifef.org on 13 October 2009. The registrant was Alejandro Chafuen who gave an address in Bethesda, Maryland.Whois.net WHOIS information for theifef.org, screengrab created 24 August 2013
The IFEF is closely associated with the Atlas Foundation through membership and via three of its trustees who are also senior figures at atlas.
==People==
===Trustees===
Amb. Curtin Winsor (2009-present) | Rene Scull (Since 2009) | Roger Ream (since 2004) | William Dennis (since 2004) | Alejandro A. Chafuen, President and founder (since 2004)
==Contact==
:Mailing Address: P.O. Box 9925 McLean, Virginia VA 22102
:Phone: 571-379-1222
:email: chafuen AT theifef.org 
:web: theifef.org
==Notes==
Category:Think Tanks
International Freedom Fund Establishment

The International Freedom Fund Establishment was a funding vehicle reportedly employed by Brian Crozier in the 1980s.
The Guardian reported in May 1987 that it was one of three British groups in receipt of funding from the US Heritage Foundation in the early 1980s:
:: Although little is known about the International Freedom Fund Establishment, American records show that grants for this group were sent to Mr Brian Crozier, former head of the Institute for the Study of Conflict, according to the report.Richard Norton-Taylor, Think tank 'funding UK organizations', The Guardian, 29 May 1987.
In June 1987, the Guardian reported:
:: Mr Crozier, who left the institute in 1979, has recently said he received pounds 200,000 from the Heritage Foundation between 1982 and 1986 to distribute to anonymous clients through an organisation called the International Freedom Fund Establishment.David Pallister and Richard Norton-Taylor, Dutch missile groups 'financed from London': US cash supported Holland's pro-cruise campaign, The Guardian, 26 June 1987.
==External Resources==
*NameBase INTERNATIONAL FREEDOM FUND ESTABLISHMENT
==Notes==
International Hydropower Association

The International Hydropower Association (IHA) is a large hydropower industry association, operating in 80 countries and pushing large industrial hydropower schemes. In keeping with the history of large hydro, the Association is strongly tied to the aluminium and mining industry. 
IHA says it aims to advance hydropower’s role in meeting the world’s water and energy needs by:
* championing continuous improvement and sustainable practices
* building consensus through strong partnerships with other stakeholders
* driving initiatives to increase the contribution of renewables, especially hydropower
* increasing awareness of the role hydropower can play in sustainable development as an important source of renewable energyIHA, "IHA About us", IHA homepage, About us intro section. Acessed 12/02/09
==History==
"Formed under the auspices of UNESCO in 1995 as a forum to promote and disseminate good practice and further knowledge about hydropower, today IHA has a Central Office based in London and representative offices and affiliated organizations in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australasia, Europe and the Middle East. In addition, IHA currently has consultative and/or observer status with all United Nations agencies addressing water, energy and climate change."IHA, "IHA About us", IHA homepage, About us intro section. Acessed 12/02/09
==Funding and finances==
Main corporate sponsors include
*Alcoa (Main sponsor)
*Century Aluminium
*Cemig
*COPEL
*EDF
*E.ON
*ESKOM
*Hydro Quebec
*Landsvirkjun
*Statkraft AS
International Hydropower Association, "Corporate members/sponsors", IHA Homepage. Corporate members section. accessed 12/02/09
===External Resources===
===Notes===
Category:Energy Category:Climate: Energy Category:Climate Change Category:Climate Category:Climate: Energy Industry
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

According to their web site:
:"The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) is an intergovernmental organization that supports sustainable democracy worldwide. Its objective is to strengthen democratic institutions and processes."
==People==
*Roel von Meijenfeldt – former Programme Director
*Jos van Gennip – executive board 
==Contact==
:Website: www.idea.int
Category:Democracy Promotion