nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Gretchen Carlson

thumb|right|165px|Carlson herself.
Gretchen Carlson was a beauty queen-turned-professional airhead and co-anchor for Fox News' Fox & Friends. She was also a regular contributor to The O'Reilly Factor, where she personified everything Don Henley railed against in Dirty Laundry.On Air Personalities: Gretchen Carlson at Fox News. Archived from the original at foxnews.com. She was crowned Miss America in 1989, which should tell you something right from the start. She graduated from Stanford University in 1990 and also studied at Oxford, joining Faux News in 2005. 
Despite studying at prestigious universities, Carlson is often seen as someone lacking common sense and intelligence. She has often been criticized for presenting gloriously stupid and ridiculous insights, comparisons, and analyses on various political issues on Fox & Friends. Television programs such as Countdown with Keith Olbermann and The Daily Show frequently criticize or make fun of her for these ridiculous or ignorant remarks. There is much speculation, however, that Carlson only pretends to be dumb to appeal to her viewers and to not overshadow her male colleagues who, unlike Carlson, have the kind of CVs that suggests they're not just playing dumb.The Week: Is Gretchen Carlson Playing Dumb? theweek.com, 10 December 2009. In fact, Carlson shared her opinion on common sense gun laws in the wake of the 2016 Orlando Pulse Nightclub massacre, completely off-script.Gretchen's Take: The Second Amendment vs. common sense. video.foxnews.com, 14 June 2016.
Carlson is featured in the example sentence of at least two of Urban Dictionary's entries for "ignoramus."Urban Dictionary: Ignoramus
 Here's why.
==Sexual harassment lawsuit==
In 2016, she filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Roger Ailes after he fired her for rejecting his sexual advances,Roger Yu, Gretchen Carlson files sexual harassment suit against Fox's Ailes. usatoday.com, 6 June 2016. setting off a chain reaction that led to Ailes' resignation from Fox News.
==External links==
*IMDb: Gretchen Carlson
==References==
Category:Journalists
Category:Living people
Category:Murdochsphere
Category:Political pundits
Griswold v. Connecticut

Griswold v. Connecticut was a Supreme Court decision that eventually laid the foundation for Roe v. Wade.
In it, the SCOTUS found that a married couple had an inherent right to privacy in that they should be able to legally obtain and use contraceptives, which had previously been contrary to Connecticut law (a law that had been sponsored by P.T. Barnum)."Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut – Today in History".
The ruling on Griswold v. Connecticut largely invalidated the 1873 Comstock Act, which made it illegal "to advertise or mail anything, including information, related to preventing contraception or producing abortion (as well as outlawing sending 'obscene, lewd or lascivious,' 'immoral,' or 'indecent' publications)."No More Mifepristone by Joyce Vance (Apr 7, 2023) Civil Discourse with Joyce Vance, Substack. The Comstock Act by then had already fallen "into disuse because of its effect on First Amendment rights — it involves prior restraint by the government on speech." Nonetheless, during the overturning of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ignored Stare decisis in their 2022 ruling on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.
In 2023, Trump-appointed Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk ruled that Mifepristone, one of two long-approved drugs by the FDA that are used for medical abortions, should be banned nationwide. The ruling was based in part on the Comstock Act. The ruling would seem to have been a nod to Clarence Thomas for his stated desire to overturn Griswold v. Connecticut.Justice Thomas: SCOTUS ‘should reconsider’ contraception, same-sex marriage rulings: Democrats warned that the court would seek to undo other constitutional rights if it overturned Roe v. Wade, as it did on Friday. by Quint Forgey & Josh Gerstein (06/24/2022 11:24 AM EDT; Updated: 06/24/2022 01:45 PM EDT) Politico.
==References==
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Category:Constitutional law
Category:Purity culture
Gross domestic income

Gross domestic income (GDI) is a type of national income accounting that aggregates the different sources of incomes people earn in a single nation or region. Though less well known than gross domestic product (GDP) GDI should, in theory, be roughly equal with it. One of the key concepts in basic macroeconomics is that spending should be equal to income."Gross Domestic Income" www.bea.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
==Estimating GDI==
GDI measures economic activity based on an income approach, as opposed to the more common expenditure approach of GDP. In theory, GDI should equal GDP, but the different source data can yield different results. So, the US Bureau of Economic Analysis considers GDP more reliable because it's based on timelier, more expansive data. The basic formula is usually as follows:Textbooks and websites will vary slightly on the letters used and exact ordering regarding the GDI equation. 
W+P+i+r+(T-s)-D+a
Where W refers to wages and salaries, P will be equal to profits, i equals interest, r refers to rents, T-s refers to taxes minus subsidies, D is capital depreciation, and a refers to minor statistical adjustments.Ganti, Akhilesh. "Gross Domestic Income (GDI)" Investopedia. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
==Uses==
GDI can be used to assess what share of national income is going to employees in the form of wages, compared to business profits. This can help gauge how workers are doing in terms of pay.
==See also==
*Gross domestic product
*Net domestic product
==External links==
*Fred: Gross Domestic Income
*The Income- and Expenditure-Side Estimates of U.S. Output Growth
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Economics
Category:Statistics
Gross national income

Gross National Income (GNI) is an income approach method of national income accounting that aggregates the total domestic spending and foreign output claimed by residents of a country while subtracting any income earned by foreigners within the domestic economy. Essentially it's Gross National Product (GNP) under a new name with some slight alterations.Chappelow, Jim. "What Is Gross National Income (GNI)?". Investopedia. Retrieved 2020-01-26."National income - Gross national income - OECD Data". OECD. Retrieved 2020-01-26. The formula for GNI is as follows 
GDP+income inflows-income outflows=GNI
Where income inflows refer to any foreign source of income being earned by domestic residents. These often include capital gains or rents on land. Income outflows refers to income overseas residents are earning from the domestic economy. Any foreign owned factories, bonds, or land will send income abroad.Bondarenko, Peter. "Gross National Income". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
==Comparisons with GDP==
Unlike Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GNI includes income earned from foreign sources.Gross national income (GNI) Therefore, nations like the United States or Japan with large amounts of foreign investment will have much higher GNIs than GDPs. Conversely, nations that host large amounts of foreign direct investment like China or India may have smaller GNIs than GDPs. Despite the nuance it provides, economists tend to still focus more on GDP.
==See also==
*Gross domestic income
*Economic inequality
==References==
Category:Economics
Category:Statistics
Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder that degrades the peripheral nervous system. While it is primarily caused by an acute infection, it has been linked by some studies to vaccines and is a favorite of the anti-vaccination crowd. Most people hospitalized with GBS will recover fully within a few weeks, although a rare number of cases may result in permanent disability and a tiny fraction are fatal. 
==Guillain-Barré syndrome and vaccines==
The link to vaccinations emerged during the 1976 swine flu outbreak, when a reported 500 cases of GBS were thought to have a causal link to the administration of the vaccine.Hughes, R., Rees, J., Smeeton, N., & Winer, J. (1996). Vaccines and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Several major epidemiological studies over the next few years examined the risk of GBS carefully and found no significant rise in incidences compared to people not vaccinated.Kaplan, J., Katona, P., Hurwitz, E., & Schonberger, L. (1982). Guillain-Barré syndrome in the United States, 1979-1980 and 1980-1981. Lack of an association with influenza vaccination. JAMA, 248(6), 698-700. There did appear to be a slight increase in risk from the 1976 flu vaccine but the manufacturing process and preservative changes instituted after the discovery of the link seemed to have eliminated the risk. 
Research has continued off and on over the intervening decades and modern flu vaccines show no significant pattern of an increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome.Juurlink, D., Stukel, T., Kwong, J., Kopp, A., McGeer, A., Upshur, R., et al. (2006). Guillain-Barre syndrome after influenza vaccination in adults: a population-based study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(20), 2217.
Hughes, R., Charlton, J., Latinovic, R., & Gulliford, M. (2006). No association between immunization and Guillain-Barré syndrome in the United Kingdom, 1992 to 2000. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(12), 1301.Guillain-Barre syndrome and vaccines not linked, CBC
==Guillain-Barré syndrome and the anti-vaccination movement==
GBS has been a favorite scare tactic of the anti-vaccine movement for years.Whale.to on GBS There appears to be support that a slight increase in risk to GBS was associated with the vaccine used in 1976. This risk factor is extrapolated to be proof that any negative claim of vaccines ever made also has to be true. The anti-vaccination movement also loves to focus on the extremely rare fatalities of the disease and play it up as the most likely consequence of getting vaccinated.More Whale.to propaganda
In 2009, a swine flu pandemic increased public demand for a major vaccine program. A letter sent out to a neurologist describing the 1976 incident with GBS was leaked to the press, creating mild panic.Swine flu jab linked to killer nerve disease The letter only referred to the reported cases in the 1976 vaccine program. There was no new information linking the specific vaccine for 2009 to GBS. The 30 years of subsequent research that has shown that improvements to vaccine production and preservation have eliminated the risk was not part of the media coverage.
==References==
Category:Disease
Gunboat diplomacy

Gunboat diplomacy is the use of military force (or the direct threat thereof) to maintain hegemony over a sphere of influence, usually associated with the age of imperialism and colonialism. The term originates from the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 when the German Empire sent the gunboat Panther to the Moroccan port of Agadir in a precursor to World War I. French interests interpreted the naval incursion friendly ceremonial visit of the Panther as a militaristic response to a diplomatic dispute.
The Morocco Crisis of 1911, Mount Holyoke
In practical terms, gunboat diplomacy means (for example): when the peasants revolt against the United Fruit Company in Latin America — send in the Marines. When a small republic or an obscure kingdom has a coup d'etat that you don't like the results of — send in the Marines.
Theodore Roosevelt famously described this policy in 1900 as "a big stick".
Smedley Butler (1881-1940), a retired Marine Corps general, wrote the booklet War is a Racket (1935) detailing how gunboat diplomacy works. In a famous quote from the book:
Very few U.S. presidents since the late-19th century have not resorted to gunboat diplomacy. The five who notably eschewed it were Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter. FDR promoted the "good neighbor policy" with regard to Latin America (which would mean fewer interventions), but ultimately became more occupied with other matters.
George W. Bush took gunboat diplomacy to a new level of stupid after 9/11.
==Examples of gunboat diplomacy==
*The Opening of Japan, 1854 - perhaps the most literal example (and arguably an example of how gunboat diplomacy can be used for good); Commodore Matthew Perry convinced the Tokugawa Shogunate to open up trade and establish relations with the US by threatening to use his ships' guns to destroy the city of Edo (now Tokyo). This ended Japan's isolationism; today, Japan is the third largest economy in the world and a leading technological powerhouse.
*The 1891.
*US naval role in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
*Teddy Roosevelt's world tour in 1907.
==See also==
*American exceptionalism
*Chiquita
*Smedley Butler‎‎
*Chickenhawk
*MIC
*Monroe Doctrine
==References==
Category:Imperialism
Category:International relations
Category:War
Guru

Guru (or often pejoratively "god-man" in Indian English) originally referred to a spiritual teacher or guide in the eastern religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. However, because of their fascination with all things "not Western", many New Age doctrines and believers have co-opted the term for hucksters of their ideas. 
Throughout the world, many individuals have taken up the title of Guru for a wide range of practices and beliefs. Many of these Gurus create personality cults. Some of these are relatively harmless, while others, such as Jim Jones, have been far more deadly.
The rationalists of India put in quite a lot of work battling their local gurus and demonstrating them to be con artists and liars.
The word is also often used colloquially to refer to someone who is an expert on something. 
Basically, if the guru is just some slightly weird guy that has some good sense about something, someone who can give good tips on living, or is just good at fixing things, then he is fine. If he is telling you to drink Kool-Aid mixed with bleach so that you can rise as a warrior angel for the war with the Flying Spaghetti Monster against Slenderman and his army of demonic Bronies... either you run or you're on some kind of hallucinogen. 
==See also==
*Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
*Shoko Asahara
*Shirley MacLaine
Category:Religious terms
Guy Debord

Guy Debord was an unorthodox French Marxist who was most famous for publishing his theses, after the style of Martin Luther, on what he called "The Society of the Spectacle." Much less read today than it was during his own time amongst his leftist pals, the treatise borrows from Marxist theory and psychoanalysis to analyze the production of symbols in capitalism.Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle, Will Self, The Guardian, 14 Nov 2013
This was during the 1960s, when Andy Warhol and his ilk were contributing to an increased general awareness of the increasing intensity and density of advertisements in the public sphere. Debord interpreted this increase of representation in dialectical terms, borrowing the Marxian idea of commodity fetishism and transforming it into the idea of representation fetishism, where by people are rendered incapable of meaningfully relating to each other except by representations received from the capitalist system.
Debord notes in his short autobiography that he was an interminable alcoholic. He was also an unabashed thief and most of his acquaintances either died violent deaths or wound up in prison, according to him. He was a member of a French libertarian socialist party, and founded the which later became the Situationist International.
He also inspired Jean Baudrillard, but we all make mistakes.Spectacle, Simulation and Spectre: Debord, Baudrillard and the ghost of Marx, Andrew Hussey, Parallax, 7:3 (2001), through T&F online He committed suicide in 1994.
==See also==
*Sigmund Freud
*Karl Marx
==References==
Category:Anti-war activists
Category:Authors
Category:Film-makers
Category:France
Category:Left-wing activists
Category:Philosophers
Habakkuk

Habakkuk was a Biblical prophet. Little is known about him, beyond that he was the author of the book of the same name. His name in Hebrew is חבקוק, in Greek it is Αββακούμ, in Latin Habacuc.
The book forms part of both the Jewish Tanakh and the Christian Bible; it forms part of the minor prophets. A short book, it consists of three chapters only.
The third chapter is in the form of a Psalm; the final verse () suggests that it was meant to be accompanied by music (To the chief singer on my stringed instruments., KJV).
One of the more well-known of the Dead Sea Scrolls is a commentary on Habakkuk 1-2, in pesher style, the Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab).
==Project Habakkuk==
This project, sometimes variously misspelled, was the World War Two brainchild of chancer Geoffrey Pyke. The idea was to build a colossal aircraft carrier out of a mixture of ice and wood pulp (a material he named 'Pykrete' with his characteristic modesty). Initial testsAlanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord (2001), Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel, eds., War Diaries 1939–1945, Phoenix Press, entry for 19 August 1943, ISBN 1-84212-526-5. suggested a vessel could be too large and tough to be destroyed by conventional means and would melt sufficiently slowly to become a base of operations in the mid-Atlantic.http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_Habbakkuk.htm As you may have guessed, the project had some practical drawbacks (such as requiring enough steel for its cooling plant to build an entire fleet,http://www.goodeveca.net/CFGoodeve/habakkuk.html not to mention a significant amount of wood pulp) and nothing ever came of it, aside from a small prototype. Though that prototype lasted through three summers,National Archives docket PREM 3/216/4 -- Adm. Noble's reports on Habakkuk/Tentacle so the project at least created a brief curiosity.
It is beloved of people who enjoy debating alternate history on messageboards, who tend to assume that all of its technical issues would magically have vanished had enough money been thrown in its general direction.
==References==
Category:Prophets
Category:Biblical figures
Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (Latin for "You have the body"Dictionary.com) is a writ used to seek relief from unjust detention by the government. Its main purpose is to make sure that the feds can't just throw people in jail because they feel like it — they need a good reason.
Some people suspend habeas corpus when they feel like it, like Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. (Of course, there is an explicit provision in the US Constitution for the suspension of habeas corpus during times of rebellion and insurrection, such as the Civil War, although the Supreme Court ruled that only Congress, not the President, could do this.)
The George W. Bush administration conveniently ignored the entire notion of habeas corpus, something along the lines of "we need to suspend it to fight the terrorists, if you're not with us you're with the terrorists, you should be deported to France" nonsense. Interestingly, the purpose of habeas corpus is to prevent that kind of thing. Fortunately for silly civil libertarians, the Supreme Court ruled that even foreign nationals in Gitmo have the right of habeas corpus.
==United Kingdom==
In the UK, an attempt to allow habeas corpus to be suspended for up to 42 daysNo deals on 42 days, says Brown, BBC News, 12 June 2008 was heavily defeated by the House of Lords.Ministers shelve 42-day detention, BBC News, 13 October 2008 It can still be put on hold for up to 28 days without trial, however.
Category:Law
Category:Latin phrases
==References==
Habeus corpus

#REDIRECT Habeas corpus
Habeus corpus is the centuries old legal tradition that someone cannot be arbitrarily detained. This right was included in the Magna Carta, and an explicit statement that such a right cannot be abridged is in the United States Constitution.However, according to a former "Attorney General", that does not mean that such a right exists. 
By an act of Congress and the will of the current dumbass President, this right no longer applies to foreigners that were picked up abroad and then held for years and tortured subjected to expanded interrogation techniques. 
However, the current Democratic Party platform calls explicitly for the reversal of this policy. Here's hoping that a right going back to the MAGNA CARTA will be re-instated come January. Of course, some blowhards will probably take this as further evidence that Obama and the Democrats are actually terrorists.
References
</references>
Hadith

Hadith (الحديث) are texts, originally orally transmitted, relating to the words, sayings, and deeds of Muhammad. Muslims usually regard hadith authority as second to that of the Qur'an. Islamic scholars generally consider Bukhari's
collection the most reliable. Wikipedia article on Hadith 
Each hadith comprises two parts:
#The isnad or authority on which the hadith stands (e.g.: "It is related by Irbad bin Sariyah that the Apostle said/did …")
#The matn or relation of the tradition itself
Twenty-first-century Islamic jurists commonly use the hadith (in addition to the Qur'an) to determine the implementation of sharia. The set of texts that comprise the hadith vary in each branch of Islam. Sunnis consult the hadith and decide sharia through a process of analogy and consensus, whereas Shi'a depend on the "divinely inspired" judgment of the imams. Ibadis have a separate form of hadith.
==Dating==
Hadith started as oral traditions.
No hadith documents contemporary with the foundation years of Islam (7th century CE) have survived. The earliest extant manuscripts date from after 922 CE.Compare: 
==Authority==
Not all Muslims accept the authority of all hadith, and the very small Qur'an-only sect rejects them wholly. Not all hadith are equal as well, many are considered weak by Islamic scholars but this also depends on the denomination.Islamic awareness article
The weakest are called Maudu. These hadith have a tendency to be based on things external to Islam like superiority of a political ideology, race, town, or any sort of supremacist tripe. Many of these are outright lies used for personal gain that ignore basic history both within and outside of Islam. Unsurprisingly, many of the hadith that terrorists cite are Maudu.Blog
==Quote-mining==
Hadith are commonly quote-mined by various sorts of bigots, both inside (Islamic extremists and authoritarians) and outside (Islamophobes) Islam. Islamic extremists and authoritarians tend to use quote-mined hadith to justify their violent and hateful actions, whereas Islamophobes quote-mine hadith and use them as examples of how "evil" Islam is. Bonus points if they conflate the hadith with the Qur'an, even if there appears to be a contradiction between the Qur'an and the hadith.
==See also==
*Ghazwa-e-Hind
*Talmud — Jewish oral traditions that were later written down
==References==
Category:Qur'an