nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Camizestrant (AZD-9833)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally available selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, camizestrant binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) and induces a conformational change that results in the degradation of the receptor. This prevents ER-mediated signaling and inhibits the growth and survival of ER-expressing cancer cells.
==Preliminary data==
Note: This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of preliminary results. References included in this section include non-randomized studies published in high-profile journals (e.g., NEJM) and experimental arms of phase 3 RCTs. Inclusion here is not an indication of impending regulatory approval, although many of these drugs do end up receiving approval by a regulatory authority.
===Breast cancer, ER-positive===
#SERENA-2: Oliveira M, Pominchuk D, Nowecki Z, Hamilton E, Kulyaba Y, Andabekov T, Hotko Y, Melkadze T, Nemsadze G, Neven P, Vladimirov V, Zamagni C, Denys H, Forget F, Horvath Z, Nesterova A, Ajimi M, Kirova B, Klinowska T, Lindemann JPO, Lissa D, Mathewson A, Morrow CJ, Traugottova Z, van Zyl R, Arkania E. Camizestrant, a next-generation oral SERD, versus fulvestrant in post-menopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (SERENA-2): a multi-dose, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2024 Nov;25(11):1424-1439. link to original article EuroPMC NCT04214288
==Also known as==
*Code names: AZ-14066724, AZD-9833
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Estrogen receptor inhibitors
Category:Breast cancer medications (investigational)
Camrelizumab (AiRuiKa)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1, PCD-1,) with immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, camrelizumab binds to and blocks the binding of PD-1, expressed on activated T lymphocytes, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells, to its ligands programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is primarily expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs). This prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This restores immune function through the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells or pathogens.
==Toxicity management==
*Immunotherapy toxicity management
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
*Hepatocellular carcinoma
*Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
*Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
*Non-small cell lung cancer, squamous
*Non-small cell lung cancer, nonsquamous
*Rectal cancer
==History of changes in NMPA indication==
*2019-05-29: Initial approval
*2021-06-17: Approved combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) as a first-line treatment for the patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). (Based on CAPTAIN-1st)
==Also known as==
*Code names: HR-301210, SHR-1210
*Generic name: carrelizumab
*Brand names: AiRuiKa, Erica
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-PD-1 antibodies
Category:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma medications
Category:Hepatocellular carcinoma medications
Category:Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications
Category:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma medications
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer, nonsquamous medications
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer, squamous medications
Category:Rectal cancer medications
Category:NMPA approved in 2019
Cancer-related fatigue

=Guidelines=
Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.
==ASCO/SIO==
*2024: Bower et al. Management of Fatigue in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO-Society for Integrative Oncology Guideline Update EuroPMC
**2014: Bower et al. Screening, assessment, and management of fatigue in adult survivors of cancer: an American Society of Clinical oncology clinical practice guideline adaptation EuroPMC
==ESMO==
*2020: Fabi et al. Cancer-related fatigue: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment
==NCCN==
*NCCN Guidelines - Cancer-Related Fatigue
**2010: Berger et al. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines Cancer-related fatigue. EuroPMC
=Other information=
To be added
Category:Guideline pages
Category:Supportive oncology
Cangrelor (Kengreal)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Reversible ATP analog of the P2Y12 class of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors on platelets, inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation.
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Kengreal
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:P2Y12 ADP inhibitors
Category:FDA approved in 2015
Capivasertib (Truqap)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivative, and an orally available inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT (protein kinase B) with potential antineoplastic activity. AKT inhibitor AZD5363 binds to and inhibits all AKT isoforms. Inhibition of AKT prevents the phosphorylation of AKT substrates that mediate cellular processes, such as cell division, apoptosis, and glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Breast cancer
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2023-11-16: Approved with fulvestrant for adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with one or more PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-alterations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, following progression on at least one endocrine-based regimen in the metastatic setting. (Based on CAPItello-291)
*2023-11-16: Approved with fulvestrant for adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with one or more PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-alterations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, following recurrence on or within 12 months of completing adjuvant therapy. (Based on CAPItello-291)
==Also known as==
*Code name: AZD-5363
*Brand name: Truqap
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Mutation-specific medications
Category:Protein expression-specific medications
Category:AKT1 inhibitors
Category:Breast cancer medications
Category:FDA approved in 2023
Caplacizumab (Cablivi)

==Mechanism of action==
A single domain antibody directed against the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (vWF).
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 2019-02-06: Initial approval for adult patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP), in combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy.
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2018-08-30: Initial authorization
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2022-09-26: A drug with a new active ingredient indicated for the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
== Patient Drug Information==
*Caplacizumab (Cablivi) Package InsertCaplacizumab (Cablivi) Package Insert Caplacizumab (Cablivi) package insert (locally hosted backup)
==Also known as==
*Code name: ALX-0081
*Generic name: caplacizumab-yhdp
*Brand name: Cablivi
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Subcutaneous medications
Category:Anti-vWF medications
Category:Hematology medications
Category:Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura medications
Category:EMA approved in 2019
Category:FDA approved in 2019
Capmatinib (Tabrecta)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, oral cMET inhibitor. Inhibits MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition), including the mutant variant which results from exon 14 skipping. Cells with MET exon 14 skipping have a protein with a missing regulatory domain, which results in reduced negative regulation and therefore increased downstream MET signaling. Capmatinib was demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell growth driven by a mutant MET variant lacking exon 14.Capmatinib (Tabrecta) package insert Capmatinib (Tabrecta) package insert (locally hosted backup)Tabrecta manufacturer's website
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Non-small cell lung cancer, MET-mutated
==Patient drug information==
*Capmatinib (Tabrecta) package insert
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2020-05-06: FDA accelerated approval for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have a mutation that leads to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping as detected by an FDA-approved test. (Based on GEOMETRY mono-1)
**2022-08-10: Regular approval for adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have a mutation leading to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping. (Based on GEOMETRY mono-1)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2022-06-20: Initial authorization as Tabrecta. Tabrecta as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring alterations leading to mesenchymal epithelial transition factor gene exon 14 (METex14) skipping, who require systemic therapy following prior treatment with immunotherapy and/or platinum-based chemotherapy. (Based on GEOMETRY mono-1)
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2022-05-26: Initial notice of compliance with conditions for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon 14 skipping alterations.
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2020-06-29: Newly indicated for the treatment of unresectable advanced or recurrent MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
==Also known as==
*Code names: INC-280
*Generic name: capmatinib
*Brand names: Tabrecta
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Mutation-specific medications
Category:MET inhibitors
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications
Category:FDA approved in 2020
Category:EMA approved in 2022
Category:Health Canada approved in 2022
Category:PMDA approved in 2020
Carmofur (HCFU)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, antimetabolite, inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. Converted in vivo to fluorouracil (5-FU), which is metabolized to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP). FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to thymidylate synthase and inhibiting production of thymidylate; FUTP interferes with RNA processing when it is mistakenly incorporated in place of uridine triphosphate (UTP).Capecitabine (Xeloda) package insert Capecitabine (Xeloda) package insert (locally hosted backup)Xeloda manufacturer's website
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
==Also known as==
*Generic names: HCFU, hexylcarbamoyl fluorouracil
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Fluoropyrimidines
Category:PMDA approved in 1981
Category:Stub
Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel wafer)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Biodegradable copolymer matrix (polifeprosan 20) embedded with carmustine, a nitrosourea which alkylates DNA and RNA and inhibits several key enzymatic processes by carbamoylation of amino acids in proteins. Each Gliadel wafer is 1.45 cm in diameter and 1 mm thick and contains 192.3 mg copolymer and 7.7 mg carmustine. Exposure to the surgical resection cavity results in hydrolyzation of anhydride bonds of the copolymer, which releases carmustine.Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) package insert Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) package insert (locally hosted backup)Gliadel manufacturer's website
Route: implanted wafer
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Glioblastoma
*High-grade glioma
==Patient drug information==
*Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) package insert
*Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) patient drug information (Chemocare)Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) patient drug information (UpToDate)Carmustine wafer, polifeprosan 20 (Gliadel) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 1996-09-23: Initial FDA approval
* 2003-02-25 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated for newly diagnosed high-grade malignant glioma patients as an adjunct to surgery and radiation
* 2003-02-25 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme patients as an adjunct to surgery
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1996-09-23: EURD
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2012-09-28: Initial approval for the treatment of malignant glioma.
==Also known as==
*Code names: NPC-08, NSC-409962, WR-139021
*Generic name: polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant
*Brand names: Biodel, Gliadel wafer
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intralesional medications
Category:Locally delivered therapies
Category:Nitrosoureas
Category:Alkylating agents
Category:Glioblastoma medications
Category:High-grade glioma medications
Category:FDA approved in 1996
Category:EMA approved in 1996
Category:PMDA approved in 2012
Caspofungin (Cancidas)

Lipopeptide antifungal, no known antineoplastic properties.
== Patient Drug Information==
*Caspofungin (Cancidas) Package InsertCaspofungin (Cancidas) Package Insert Caspofungin (Cancidas) package insert (locally hosted backup)
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Cagin, Cancidas, Capsain, Caspogin, Caspoliv, Casponova, Guficap, Kabifungin, Letocan, Profung, Wofungin
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Antifungals
Category:FDA approved in 2001
Castleman disease - null regimens

Back to Top
The purpose of this page is to provide references to "null therapy" such as placebo and observation. These references provide further insight into the historical development of the treatment landscape. See the main Castleman disease page for regimens that include active anticancer treatment.
=HHV-8-negative/"Idiopathic" multicentric Castleman disease, all lines of therapy=
==Placebo==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment 	Evidence 	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
van Rhee et al. 2014 (CR016705)	2010-02-09 to 2012-02-03	Randomized Phase 2 (C)	Siltuximab	Lower durable tumor and symptomatic response for at least 18 weeks
No active treatment; all patients did receive "best supportive care."
===References===
# CR016705: van Rhee F, Wong RS, Munshi N, Rossi JF, Ke XY, Fosså A, Simpson D, Capra M, Liu T, Hsieh RK, Goh YT, Zhu J, Cho SG, Ren H, Cavet J, Bandekar R, Rothman M, Puchalski TA, Reddy M, van de Velde H, Vermeulen J, Casper C. Siltuximab for multicentric Castleman's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Aug;15(9):966-74. Epub 2014 Jul 17. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2014 Sep;15(10):417. link to original article EuroPMC NCT01024036
Category:Castleman disease regimens
Category:Disease-specific pages
Category:Lymphoproliferative disorders
Category:Null regimens
Catumaxomab (Removab)

in US clinical trials; was approved in Europe but approval withdrawn in 2017.
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Hybrid rat-mouse monoclonal antibody that has one arm directed against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and another arm against CD3. This brings into close proximity tumor cells, which tend to overexpress EpCAM, and mature T-cells, which express CD3. Additionally, accessory immune cells such as macrophages, NK cells, and dentritic cells interact with the Fc domain of catumaxomab. The close proximity of these cells is postulated to enhance immune cell activation and destruction of tumor cells.Catumaxomab (Removab) package insertCatumaxomab (Removab) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: IP (intraperitoneal)
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2009-04-20: Initial authorization for treatment of malignant ascites in adults with EpCAM-positive carcinomas where standard therapy is not available or no longer feasible.
*2017-06-02: Approval withdrawn at request of the manufacturer, for commercial reasons
==Patient drug information==
*Catumaxomab (Removab) patient drug information (Fresenius Biotech)Catumaxomab (Removab) patient drug information (Fresenius Biotech)]
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Removab
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intracavitary medications
Category:Anti-EpCAM-CD3 bispecific antibodies
Category:EMA approved in 2009
Category:EMA withdrawn in 2017
Category:Discontinued drugs
Cediranib (Recentin)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: The maleate salt of an indole ether quinazoline derivative with antineoplastic activities. Competing with adenosine triphosphate, cediranib binds to and inhibits all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1,-2,-3) tyrosine kinases, thereby blocking VEGF-signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor cell growth.
==Preliminary data==
===Colon cancer===
* HORIZON II: Hoff PM, Hochhaus A, Pestalozzi BC, Tebbutt NC, Li J, Kim TW, Koynov KD, Kurteva G, Pintér T, Cheng Y, van Eyll B, Pike L, Fielding A, Robertson JD, Saunders MP. Cediranib plus FOLFOX/CAPOX versus placebo plus FOLFOX/CAPOX in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, phase III study (HORIZON II). J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 10;30(29):3596-603. Epub 2012 Sep 10. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors EuroPMC NCT00399035
* HORIZON III: Schmoll HJ, Cunningham D, Sobrero A, Karapetis CS, Rougier P, Koski SL, Kocakova I, Bondarenko I, Bodoky G, Mainwaring P, Salazar R, Barker P, Mookerjee B, Robertson J, Van Cutsem E. Cediranib with mFOLFOX6 versus bevacizumab with mFOLFOX6 as first-line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a double-blind, randomized phase III study (HORIZON III). J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 10;30(29):3588-95. Epub 2012 Sep 10. link to original article EuroPMC NCT00384176
===Ovarian cancer===
#ICON6: Ledermann JA, Embleton AC, Raja F, Perren TJ, Jayson GC, Rustin GJS, Kaye SB, Hirte H, Eisenhauer E, Vaughan M, Friedlander M, González-Martín A, Stark D, Clark E, Farrelly L, Swart AM, Cook A, Kaplan RS, Parmar MKB; ICON6 collaborators. Cediranib in patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (ICON6): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Mar 12;387(10023):1066-1074. Erratum in: Lancet. 2016 Apr 23;387(10029):1722. link to original article EuroPMC
##HRQoL analysis: Stark DP, Cook A, Brown JM, Brundage MD, Embleton AC, Kaplan RS, Raja FA, Swart AMW, Velikova G, Qian W, Ledermann JA. Quality of life with cediranib in relapsed ovarian cancer: The ICON6 phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Cancer. 2017 Jul 15;123(14):2752-2761. Epub 2017 Mar 24. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
##Update: Ledermann JA, Embleton-Thirsk AC, Perren TJ, Jayson GC, Rustin GJS, Kaye SB, Hirte H, Oza A, Vaughan M, Friedlander M, González-Martín A, Deane E, Popoola B, Farrelly L, Swart AM, Kaplan RS, Parmar MKB; ICON6 collaborators. Cediranib in addition to chemotherapy for women with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (ICON6): overall survival results of a phase III randomised trial. ESMO Open. 2021 Apr;6(2):100043. Epub 2021 Feb 18. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
==Also known as==
*Code name: AZD-2171
*Brand name: Recentin
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:VEGFR inhibitors
Category:Colon cancer medications (investigational)
Category:Ovarian cancer medications (investigational)
Category:Investigational drugs
Celecoxib (Celebrex)

NSAID with possible antineoplastic properties.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Head and neck cancer
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*1998-12-31: Initial approval
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Celebrex, Elyxyb, Onsenal
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:COX-2 inhibitors
Category:Head and neck cancer medications
Category:FDA approved in 1998
Category:Stub
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

==Mechanism of action==
Antihistamine, used to prevent or treat allergic side effects from chemotherapeutics and blood products.
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Cetrine, Cetzine, Glocet, Piriteze, Razene, Zyrtec
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antihistamines
Category:FDA approved in 1995
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

More content to be added
=Guidelines=
Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.
==ASCO==
*2020: Loprinzi et al. Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update EuroPMC
**2014: Hershman et al. Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline EuroPMC
==ESMO==
*2020: Jordan et al. Systemic anticancer therapy-induced peripheral and central neurotoxicity: ESMO-EONS-EANO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and follow-up EuroPMC
=Treatment=
==Duloxetine monotherapy==
*Duloxetine (Cymbalta) 60 mg PO once per day
===References===
# CALGB 170601: Smith EM, Pang H, Cirrincione C, Fleishman S, Paskett ED, Ahles T, Bressler LR, Fadul CE, Knox C, Le-Lindqwister N, Gilman PB, Shapiro CL; Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 Apr 3;309(13):1359-67. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
Category:Supportive oncology