James Jesus Angleton

James Jesus Angleton, (1917-1987) was head of CIA counterintelligence for more than 20 years. JAMES ANGLETON, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE FIGURE, DIES, by Stephen Engleberg, New York Times, 12 May 1987.
==Background==
James Jesus Angleton was born in Boise, Idaho, on 9 December 1917, the son of James Hugh Angleton and his wife Carmen Mercedes Moreno.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.10.
==OSS==
Angleton was inducted into the US Army on 19 March 1943. By August, he had been offered work in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), thanks to the efforts of his father and his former professor Norman Pearson, both already OSS officers.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.16. In late December 1943, he left for London where he had been posted to the Italian desk of X-2, the counterintelligence wing of OSS.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.17.
Within six months, he had become head of the Italian Desk for the European Theatre of Operations. In October 1944, he was posted to Rome as head of Special Counterintelligence Unit Z. In March 1945, he became head of X-2 for Italy.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.20.
==Strategic Services Unit==
After the dissolution of the OSS, Angleton stayed on in the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) in Rome, as a captain in command of 2677 Regiment. He was the senior US intelligence officer in Italy. He continued to serve in Italy in the SSU's successor, the Central Intelligence Group.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.336.
==CIA==
Angleton joined the CIA in late 1948 as an aide to the director of the Office of Special Operations.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.23.
Under Walter Bedell Smith in the early 1950s, Angleton served as Chief of Staff A (foreign intelligence operations.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.27.
===Israel Account===
In early 1951, Angleton acquired responsibility for liaison with Israel, as head of the newly created Special Operations Group, which was kept separate from the CIA's Middle Eastern Division.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.28 The CIA's Tel Aviv station was not allowed direct contact with its counterparts in Arab capitals without going through Angleton's Washington office.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291. 
Angleton believed that Jewish emigration from the Soviet Bloc was a potentially valuable source of intelligence, but also feared that it would be exploited by the Soviet Union to infiltrate the west.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.337-338.
In the spring of 1974, incoming CIA director William Colby began to chip away at Angleton's control of the Israeli account by re-routing the Tel Aviv station's reporting through the Middle East Division and the Directorate of Operations.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291.
Colby told Angleton he was losing the Israel account completely on 17 December 1974, only a few days before he was fired outright.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.292. 
===Counterintelligence chief===
In December 1954, Angleton became chief of the newly-formed CIA Counterintelligence Staff.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.29.
===Lovestone Account===
From 1955, Angleton ran Jay Lovestone who provided material in memos known as 'JX reports'.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291
==American Security Council==
Angleton began working at the Washington office of the American Security Council in the summer of 1976. He served as President of an organization created by ASC and run out of the Council’s offices, known as the Security and Intelligence Fund.ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund, American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013.
According to the ASC, Angleton gave a grim summary of the outlook for the CIA, during his first visit to the Council's Congressional Conference Center.
::According to Angleton, the CIA’s counterintelligence division was effectively disbanded, and for all practical purposes covert operations were also shut down. He also said morale at Langley was dismal.ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund, American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013. 
The ASC gives the following account of comments by Angleton, apparently at an ASC luncheon in May 1976:
::Angleton said it was essential for America’s national security for both the CIA and the FBI to be rescued. He thought William Colby’s firing was an excellent start, and he had a high opinion of the current Director, George H.W. Bush. Because of the Church Committee and other investigations, he thought Bush needed considerable support. “This is the first time in history that the CIA needs overt public support, and we have to let the American people know what is happening,” Angleton said.ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund, American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013. 
==Affiliations==
*Office of Strategic Services
*Central Intelligence Agency
*American Security Council
==Connections==
*William J. Hood - executive officer of the CIA Counterintelligence Division
*Mario Brod
*Jay Lovestone
*James Dudley
*Amos Manor
*Meir Deshalit
===Intelligence fundamentalists===
'Intelligence fundamentalists' is the term used by Tom Mangold for the counterintelligence officers who supported Angleton's belief in a monolithic Soviet threat.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.37-38.
*Raymond Rocca - Deputy Chief of the CIA Counterintelligence Division.
*Newton S. Miler - chief of operations of the CIA Counterintelligence Division.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.39.
*David Murphy - Chief of the CIA Soviet Russia Division c.1964.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
*Joe Evans - Section chief, Counterintelligence Branch, Soviet Division, CIA.
*Peter Kapusta - Illegals section chief, Counterintelligence Branch, Soviet Division, CIA.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.192.
*Ed Petty
*Pete BagleyTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
*William Sullivan - FBITom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.213.
*Sam PapichTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
*Arthur Martin - Head of D1 (Soviet counterespionage) MI5.
*Peter Wright - MI5.Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.71. 
*Stephen de MowbrayTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132. 
*Philippe De Vosjoli - SDECE liaison officer in Washington 1951-1963Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.98 .
==Molehunt targets==
===Operation HONETOL (CIA internal investigation)===
*Peter KarlowTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.232.
*Paul GarblerTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.237.
*Vasia GmirkinTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.239.
*Richard KovichTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.244.
*David ChavchavadzeTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.315.
===Operation GRIDIRON (Canada)===
*James BennettTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.262.
===Public figures===
====US====
*Henry Kissinger
*Averell Harriman
*Armand HammerTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
====Canada====
*Lester PearsonTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
====UK====
*Harold WilsonTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
====France====
*Jacques Foccart
*Louis Joxe
*Georges GorseDavid Wise, Molehunt: How the Search for a Phantom Traitor Shattered the CIA, Avon Books, 1992, p.117.
====Germany====
*Willy BrandtTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
====Sweden====
*Olof PalmeTom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
==Resources, Notes==
===Resources===
*Spartacus Educational James Angleton, accessed 28 March 2009
*Edward Jay Epstein, James Jesus Angleton: The Orchid Man, edwardjayepstein.com
*David Robarge, Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and CIA Counterintelligence, The Journal of Intelligence History, Winter 2003. 
*Ronald Kessler, James Angleton’s Dangerous CIA Legacy, Newsmax, 28 March 2012.
==Notes==
Angleton, James
Angleton, James
Angleton, James
Angleton, James