Delta-3-carène

==Nom de la substance==
Delta-3-carène
==Famille moléculaire==
Hydrocarbure monoterpénique
* Appartient à la famille des carènes (monoterpènes bicycliques)
** Terminologie IUPAC: 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene | Numéro d'enregistrement CAS http://www.cas.org/ : 13466-78-9
==Source végétale==
* Huile essentielle de Juniperus communis, Cupressus sempervirens, présent en grande quantité dans l'huile de poivre noir, dans les Rutaceae du genre Citrus
* Constituant des térébenthines (30 à 40 %)
==Propriétés==
* Antifongique vis-à-vis d'Aspergillus et Candida sp. Cavaleiro, C., Pinto, E., Gonçalves, M. J., & Salgueiro, L. (2006). Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. Journal of applied microbiology, 100(6), 1333–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02862.x PMID 16696681, Nikitina, L.E., Startseva, V.A., Artemova, N.P. et al. Synthesis and antifungal activity of monoterpenoids of the carane series. Pharm Chem J 45, 664–667 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-012-0699-y
* Antitussif et expectorant Niccolini P, Pasotti V, Caliari W. [New Pharmacological Properties Of Delta-3-Carene. Antibacterial And Expectorant Effects]. Boll Chim Farm. 1964 Aug;103:598-608. PMID 14204527
* Antioxydant
* Anti-inflammatoire Ocete, M. A., Risco, S., Zarzuelo, A., & Jimenez, J. (1989). Pharmacological activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum gibraltaricum: anti-inflammatory activity and effects on isolated rat uteri. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 25(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90036-6 PMID 2747263
* Potentialités dans la COVID-19 Panikar S, Shoba G, Arun M, Sahayarayan JJ, Usha Raja Nanthini A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Nasif O, Kim HJ. Essential oils as an effective alternative for the treatment of COVID-19: Molecular interaction analysis of protease (Mpro) with pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties. J Infect Public Health. 2021 May;14(5):601-610. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.037. PMID 33848890; PMCID: PMC7874929.
==Effet thérapeutique==
==Effets indésirables==
* Potentiellement allergisant par les produits d'oxydation (hydroperoxydes)
* Le delta-3-carène est métabolisé par les CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 et le CYP1A2 Duisken, M., Benz, D., Peiffer, T. H., Blömeke, B., & Hollender, J. (2005). Metabolism of Delta(3)-carene by human cytochrome p450 enzymes: identification and characterization of two new metabolites. Current drug metabolism, 6(6), 593–601. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920005774832614 PMID 16379671
==Bibliographie==
* J. Enrique Cometto-Muñiz, William S Cain, Michael H. Abraham, Rachel Kumarsingh. Sensory Properties of Selected Terpenes: Thresholds for Odor, Nasal Pungency, Nasal Localization, and Eye Irritation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 855, Olfaction And Taste XII: An International Symposium pages 648–651, November 1998
* E. de Pradier. Essai d’un mélange de trois huiles essentielles dans le traitement des nausées et vomissements postopératoires. Phytothérapie, Volume 4, Number 4, 181-187
* M. Burits, K. Asres, F. Bucar. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Artemisia afra, Artemisia abyssinica and Juniperus procera. Phytotherapy Research, Volume 15, Issue 2, pages 103–108, March 2001
* Leopold Jirovetz, Gerhard Buchbauer, Martin Benoit Ngassoum, Margit Geissler. Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography, solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and olfactometry. Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 976, Issues 1-2, 8 November 2002, Pages 265-275 
* J. Enrique Cometto-MunIz, William S. Cain, Michael H. Abraham, Rachel Kumarsingh. Trigeminal and Olfactory Chemosensory Impact of Selected Terpenes, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Volume 60, Issue 3, June 1998, Pages 765-770. 
Catégorie:principes actifs