nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Methaqualone

Methaqualone is a drug which was widely prescribed as a sedative in the 1960s and 1970s under the brand name "Quaalude".
It became a popular recreational drug, used largely by teenagers, leading to it being pulled from the market and reclassified in the U.S. as of 1984 under Schedule I (wide potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use) along with the likes of heroin and marijuana.
While it is no longer widely encountered in the U.S. it is a popular illegal drug in South Africa where it is called Mandrax and is usually smoked off tin foil.
Ben Stein (of all people) once wrote a novel on the subject.Ludes: A Ballad of the Drug & the Dream by Benjamin Stein (1983) Bantam Books. ISBN 0553233556. 
==As a date rape drug==
Comedian Bill Cosby has been accused by several women of sexual assault by secretly putting Quaaludes in drinks without their knowledge or convincing them it was medicine (such as a cold pill, for instance) so he could rape them.Bill Cosby admitted to getting Quaaludes to give to women by Holly Yan et al. (11:42 PM ET, Tue July 7, 2015) CNN.Quaaludes, Cosby’s Alleged Rape Drugs of Choice, Were Somehow Even Scarier Than You Think: Some of Cosby’s accusers weren’t unconscious when he allegedly assaulted them. Many were awake, and unable to do anything about it. by Jay Michaelson (07.27.15 11:50 AM ET) The Daily Beast. He has since been acquitted, but more due to a technicality rather than any doubt that he was guilty.
==References==
Category:Chemicals
Category:Drugs
Mezionism

Mezionism is a term used to denote J. L. Talmon's concept of messianic democracy,Also called “authoritarian democracy” or “illiberal democracy”. a system of government in which lawfully elected representatives maintain the integrity of a nation-state whose citizens, while granted the right to vote, have little or no participation in the decision-making process of the government.Talmon, J.L. The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy. Britain: Secker & Warburg, 1960.
==History==
"Messianism" has previously been used by Bertrand de Jouvenelde Juvenel, Bertrand. On Power: Its Nature and the History of its Growth, Salt Lake City: Hutchinson, 1948. and E.H. Carr,Carr, Edward Hallett. The Soviet Impact on the Western World. New York: MacMillan Company, 1947. and subsequently by F. William EngdahlEngdahl, F. William. Full Spectrum Dominance: Totalitarian Democracy in the New World Order. Boxboro, MA: Third Millennium Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9795608-6-6. and Sheldon S. Wolin.Wolin, Sheldon S. Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
==Theory==
Talmon's 1952 book The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy discusses the transformation of a state in which traditional values and articles of faith shape the role of government into one in which social utility takes absolute precedence.
His work is a criticism of the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Swiss philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution. In The Social Contract, Rousseau contends that the interests of the individual and the state are one and the same, and it is the state's responsibility to implement the "general will".
The political neologism "messianic democracy" also derives from Talmon's introduction to this work:http://rousseaustudies.free.fr/ReeditionTalmon.htm
In a similar vein, Herbert Marcuse, in his 1964 book One-Dimensional Man, describes a society in which, in his words, "…liberty can be made into a powerful instrument of domination. … Free election of masters does not abolish the masters or the slaves…"
==Majoritarianism==
Majoritarianism is in effect when one of two things happens:
*Semi-democratic elections hold a repressive regime in place, as is the case in dominant-party states such as Russia, Singapore, and the Jim Crow South. They often use voter suppression and/or fraud to stay in power. Many anarchists and ancaps abuse this version of term in an attempt to claim all democratic governments are authoritarian regimes. 
*Mob rule, in which there is virtually no governance, leaving the masses to settle disputes for themselves, such as in Argentina during the debt default and Somalia. Many in the anti-democracy camp abuse this version of the term in an attempt to claim all democratic governments are mobocracies.
==Notes==
==References==
Michael Anthony Corey

Michael Anthony Corey was an American author and Christian philosopher who was most well known as an advocate of deistic evolution.
==Biography==
Corey earned a Ph.D. in philosophy of science and religion from The Union Institute, a Ph.D. in the psychology of religion from Columbia Pacific University, and an M.A. in philosophy of religion and theology from Claremont Graduate School.Mr. Michael Anthony Corey He was a deist and Christian who wrote many books on religion and science. Corey stated in his writing that he was heavily influenced by Paul Davies.
==Deistic evolution==
Starting with his book Back to Darwin: The Scientific Case for Deistic Evolution (1994), Corey defended deistic evolution, i.e., the belief that God created the universe and intentionally set it on a course but has not interfered since and has let it run by natural processes. According to Corey, many early evolutionary thinkers such as Charles Darwin were not atheists but deists. He believed that deistic evolution explains the facts of life better than any other position and that scientists and religious believers should return to this view. Corey did not deny common descent and fully accepted the scientific evidence for evolution. He believed that the universe was "designed," but his beliefs should not be confused with those of modern day Intelligent design advocates. See entry for Corey in The creation/evolution controversy: an annotated bibliography by James L. Hayward (1998)
==Religion==
Corey was a Christian and believed that the God of the Bible created the universe and set it in motion. However, as a deist, he did not believe that God intervened in any physical or biological sciences after the initial creation and fully accepted naturalistic processes.Back to Darwin: The Scientific Case for Deistic Evolution by Henry E. NeufeldAbstact of Deistic Evolution
==Reception==
Corey admitted that deistic evolution is not a science but a philosophical interpretation of the known scientific evidence. His books have received some mixed reviews and some have written that Corey as a Christian still had an anthropocentric bias.Review of Back To Darwin Many Christians have denied deistic evolution as being compatible with Christianity and they believe it is "just one step away from agnosticism and atheism." Very few Christians have supported the views of Corey.Interdisciplinary Theology Some intelligent design proponents have also criticised the deistic evolution of Corey.The Cardinal Dresses Darwin Up for God: Compatibilist Strategies – Do They Work?
Corey's other books include God and the New Cosmology (1993) and The God Hypothesis: Discovering Design in Our Just Right Goldilocks Universe (2007), where he supported a fine-tuned universe which he claimed was designed by a deistic god. His arguments in these books have been assessed as pseudoscience by some scientists.The Big Debate: Comments on the Barker-Carrier vs. Corey-Rajabali Team Debate (2004)
==External links==
*Agency and the Modern Scientific Method by Michael A. Corey
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Deists
Category:Philosophers
Michael Grosso

Michael Grosso is an American parapsychologist, psychic and pseudoscience promoter, best known for his belief that humans can levitate. 
==Background==
Grosso claims he was once "physically attacked by ghosts" and on another occasion foretold in public (from dreams) the near-assassination of Ronald Reagan."Author Interview VII: The Man Who Could Fly: St Joseph of Copertino and the Mystery of Levitation, by Michael Grosso". Archived. 
Grosso has a Ph.D. in philosophy and describes himself as an "independent scholar and part of an ever-growing group of scholars and thinkers critical of the prevailing materialistic view of the world.""About The Author". Archived.
==Levitation==
Grosso is the author of The Man Who Could Fly, a credulous biography of St. (1603-1663). Grosso argues that St. Joseph's levitations were real:
Grosso seems to ignore the fact that anecdotal evidence is not scientific and eyewitness testimony in relation to paranormal claims is often unreliable."Bringing Levitation Down to Earth". Skeptical Inquirer.See for example, "Eyewitness Testimony and the Paranormal". Skeptical Inquirer. Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell who has evaluated the reports and Grosso's book noted that his most used source for the levitations was Domenico Bernini's 1722 biography but this was unreliable and open to gross exaggeration as it was published nearly six decades after St. Joseph’s death."Secrets of ‘The Flying Friar’: Did St. Joseph of Copertino Really Levitate?". Skeptical Inquirer.
Grosso also endorses a lot of other nonsense and paranormal woo in the book. According to Ben Radford:
==Quantum woo==
Grosso (not surprisingly) is an advocate of quantum woo. He claims that quantum physics may explain levitation and other paranormal phenomena. In an interview, when he was asked the question, "If you actually look at quantum physics, it only operates on the quantum scale. Do you have some reason to think that quantum physics applies on a human scale?", he replied:
Speculation is not evidence and Hal Puthoff is not a "very serious physicist". He is a discredited engineer and parapsychologist, famous for his endorsement of Uri Geller.Hines, Terence. (2003). Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. p. 126. ISBN 1-57392-979-4
==Publications==
*The Man Who Could Fly: St. Joseph of Copertino and the Mystery of Levitation (2015)
*Frontiers of the Soul: Exploring Psychic Evolution (1992)
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Living people
Category:Parapsychology
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Psychics
Michael Hastings

Michael Hastings was an American journalist. He was a reporter for BuzzFeed and contributing editor for Rolling Stone, whose coverage included the CIA, NSA, United States Military, drones, and presidential politics, among other topics. His reporting of General Stanley McChrystal's lack of feelings of respect for Barack Obama got McChrystal fired by Obama. He also brought to light a document released by WikiLeaks's dump of Stratfor e-mails that they received from Anonymous. The document, authored by the Department of Homeland Security revealed that the DHS was spying on the Occupy movement nationally.
On June 7, 2013, just a few days after the initial leaking of the NSA/GCHQ surveillance programs, Michael Hastings published a condemnation of the Obama administration, the Department of Justice, and Congressional Dems for matching the Bush administration's contempt for the Constitution. Although it was rather blunt and sober, it was not entirely unlike other condemnations surrounding the issue, even in its bluntness and sobriety.
On June 17, Hastings declared that he believed he was being investigated by the FBI and also that he was onto a big story."Michael Hastings Sent Email About FBI Probe Hours Before Death (UPDATE)"
==Death==
Early in the morning on June 18, 2013, the day after Hastings stated that he might be under FBI investigation, Hastings was killed in a reportedly suspicious car accident in Los Angeles. The LAPD and the coroner both declared that there was no evidence of foul play.
The timing and circumstances of his death aroused suspicions that he may have been killed by someone in the government, if not the government itself, considering his power as an investigative journalist (he did, through his reporting, get McChrystal fired, afterall). So far, no concrete evidence has corroborated these suspicions, so they can currently be understood as conspiracy theories.
==The story continues==
A few months later, in September, Al Jazeera discovered via FOIA request that Hastings was indeed correct in believing that he was under investigation by the FBI.The document received via FOIA request From reading what's not redacted in the document, it would appear that the FBI were either investigating him because they did not like his investigative reporting or because he came to prefer Pakistan to the United States as a place to live in the future (it goes without saying that neither possibility justifies the FBI's decision to spy on him). Oh, and big surprise, they were reading his e-mail.
==Bibliography==
*I Lost My Love in Baghdad: A Modern War Story, published in 2008 by Scribner Book Company, about the death of his fiancée, Andrea Parhamovich
*The Operators, published in 2012 by Plume, in which we learn that one of Gen. McChrystal's staffers threatened to kill Hastings
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Conspiracy theories
Category:Government surveillance
Category:Journalists
Michael Jeshurun

Michael Jeshurun is a King James Only preacher who currently resides in India. He is a former Satanist, heavy metal guitarist and heroin addict turned Christian addict with his very own batshit crazy blog containing every typical fundamentalist view and a few extreme ones as well (calling Billy Graham a wolf in sheep's clothing and professional sports an abomination) in the form of articles written by either Jeshurun himself or by his contributors (mostly those who go by the names "A.W. Pink" and "J.C. Philpot", but probably not the famous people by those names, as they are now dead) and photoshops several poorly edited pictures with a Christian message. Most of his pictures attempt to be humorous, but come across as stupid and/or disturbing.
==External links==
*Michael Jeshurun's blog
==References==
Category:Conspiracy theorists
Category:Fundamentalists
Category:Homophobes
Category:Living people
Category:Propaganda
Category:Anti-Catholicism
Michael Ruse

Michael Ruse is a philosopher at Florida State University specializing in philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, and ethics.
==Legal and scientific battles against creationism==
He's done excellent work as a witness for science against creationism in the US courts, appearing as a key witness in the case of McLean v. Arkansas in 1981.Transcript of Ruse's testimony in the case of McLean v. Arkansas. He has also dealt with creationism in a number of publications, debunking creationist arguments as well as documenting the history of the movement such as in his book The Evolution-Creation Struggle.The Evolution-Creation Struggle: Review by Sarah Statz
==Atheism==
Although an atheist himself, he opposes New AtheismWhy I Think The New Atheists Are A Bloody Disaster and advocates a more accommodationist approach.Accommodationist and Proud of It
Ruse feels Templeton Foundation critics at least sometimes overstate their case. "What I do dislike is the suggestion that those of us who are prepared to defend the Foundation and treat it like a genuine organization, rather than little better than Scientology, are therefore dupes and knaves."A Scientific Defense of the Templeton Foundation
==External links==
*Ruse's faculty page
==References==
category:philosophersCategory:Philosophy of sciencecategory:atheistsCategory:Living people
Michael Salla

Michael Emin Salla is a pseudoscholar and ufologist who created the branch of wingnuttery known as exopolitics. According to this fantasy, extraterrestrial intelligence has been involved in human affairs since at least the 1950s, and various treaties exist governing human/alien relations.
==Who?==
Salla was born in Melbourne, Australia on 25 September 1958. He obtained a bachelor's degree from Melbourne University in 1983 and a Ph.D. (Government Affairs) from Queensland University ten years later. After teaching appointments at various Oz institutions, he was appointed Assistant Professor in the Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, School of International Service, American University, Washington, D.C. in 1996. 
He authored a couple of dozen articles on conflict resolution topics in academic journals in the 1990s, then invented "exopolitics", moved to Kalapana, Hawaii, and went into the popular book business, mostly self-published.
He is listed as a course instructor at the Exopolitics Institute along with journalist Paola Harris and former lawyer Manuel Lamiroy. The institute offers a so-called "Galactic Diplomacy Certificate", among other scams "qualifications". The cost of that course is $1500 plus extras for seminar tuition — a trivial investment, really, when one considers what an asset such a certificate would be if applying for a job in, say, corporate management.For some values of "asset".
Salla has also promoted the QAnon unified conspiracy theory.QAnon is US Military Intelligence that recruited Trump for President to prevent Coup D'etat by Michael Salla (April 12, 2018) Expolitics (archived from 17 Apr 2018 17:07:36 UTC).QAnon on the Rothschild, Saudi & Soros Puppet Masters behind the Deep State by Michael Salla (April 21, 2018) Exopolitics (archived from 27 May 2019 02:24:27 UTC).QAnon on the Rothschilds & Satanism – Trump’s Secret Alliance with Putin by Michael Salla (April 21, 2018) Expolitics (archived from 23 Apr 2018 17:49:49 UTC).
==Seekrit==
So if this is such a cosmic secret, how come some random loony in Hawaii knows about it?
==Publications==
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==See also==
*Exopolitics
*William Cooper (Salla cites Cooper as a major credible source)
*Alfred Webre
==External links==
*Salla's curriculum vitae from American University
*The Case Against Michael Salla blogpost by Paul Kimball (The Other Side of Truth) 2 March 2005 — even other ufologists are skeptical of him
*Exopolitics Institute web shite
*Details of the course in Galactic Diplomacy
*UFO Watchdog article
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Conspiracy theorists
Category:Living people
Category:QAnon
Category:Ufology
Michael Schmicker

Michael Schmicker is an American parapsychologist, pseudoscience promoter, and spiritualist.
Schmicker claims to be a nationally-known writer on "anomalies" and the paranormal. He is a member of the crank Journal of Scientific Exploration and discussed his woo beliefs on Coast to Coast AM.Michael Schmicker Biography In an interview with Alex Tsakiris,Michael Schmicker Interview Schmicker has said that psi has been scientifically proven.
In his book Best Evidence he has written that there is scientific evidence for all kinds of debunked woo topics such as ectoplasm, poltergeists, psychokinesis, and reincarnation. He ignores most of the skeptical literature on the paranormal and takes anecdotal evidence at face value. Schmicker has admitted after his research that he believes 98% of alleged paranormal phenomena turn out to have a naturalistic explanation but the remaining 2% has real scientific evidence for the paranormal.A Book by Michael Schmicker 
As a devout spiritualist, Schmicker has supported the crank views of Michael E. Tymn and has written that Leonora Piper and other fraudulent mediums were in contact with spirits.Michael Schmicker Spiritualist Reviews
==Publications==
*Best Evidence: An Investigative Reporter's Three-Year Quest to Uncover the Best Scientific Evidence for ESP, Psychokinesis, Mental Healing, Ghosts and Poltergeists, Dowsing, Mediums, Near Death Experiences, Reincarnation, and Other Impossible Phenomena That Refuse to Disappear (2002)
*The Gift: ESP, the Extraordinary Experiences of Ordinary People (2002)
*The Universe Wants to Play: The Anomalist 12: A Nonfiction Anthology (2006)
*The Listener (2010)
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Authors
Category:Paranormal
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Michael Talbot

Michael Talbot was an American parapsychologist and author of books on quantum woo. He is most well known for endorsing a theoretical model of reality that suggests the physical universe is akin to a giant hologram. According to Talbot, ESP, telepathy, and other paranormal phenomena are real and are a product of this holographic model of reality.
==Publications==
*Mysticism And The New Physics (1992)
*The Holographic Universe (1991)
*Your Past Lives (1987)
*Beyond The Quantum (1986)
Category:Authors
Category:New Age
Category:Parapsychology
Michelle Smith

Michelle Smith was the author along with Dr. Lawrence Pazder of the 1980 book Michelle Remembers, an alleged autobiography of her childhood abuse by a Satanic cult. The book gave a significant boost to the "Satanic ritual abuse" scare, yet as with most books in the sensationalist Christian-books-on-Satanism market, it was exposed as fraudulent. It was found that most of the book's content came from Dr. Pazder's studies of African rituals and not from Michelle Smith's childhood. When questioned about this, Pazder actually defended himself by claiming that he and Smith never claimed the events in the book had really happened! Nonetheless, this book along with similar tall tales of Mike Warnke and John Todd launched a panic within American Christendom over Satanism that continued throughout the 1980s and 90s.
==See also==
*Confabulation
==External links==
*Michelle Remembers: Fiction, Not Fact
Category:Authors
Category:Moral panics
Category:Satanism
Category:Shysters
Michelson-Morley experiment

The Michelson-Morley experiment was a late nineteenth-century attempt to establish the truth of a scientific paradigm, but which instead completely demolished it, paving the way for the revolutionary changes in physics at the start of the twentieth century. It is now seen as a triumph of the scientific method, as it is a shining example of the principle that if the theory doesn't fit the facts, then change the theory.
==Outline of the experiment==
Until this experiment, it was believed that light was propagated through a medium known as luminiferous aether, for which there was no direct evidence but which had been around as an idea since Aristotle. The experiment consisted of measuring the speed of a light beam as it travelled, firstly in line with the Earth's movement around the Sun, then, a second time, across the line. Differences between the two speeds would establish "etheric drift", proving the existence of ether and revealing some of its properties. However, the experiment revealed that the speed of light was the same regardless of its orientation. As a result, the ideas that were held about the luminiferous aether were changed drastically, leading to various hypotheses attempting to explain the results. Variations of the Michelson-Morley experiment were performed in order to test those hypotheses. It wasn't until the arrival of the Lorentz transformations that a model was consistent with the results, as such it was initially thought that while light did travel slower, its path had been contracted due to the experiment being done at a certain speed relative to that of the aether. It wasn't until later that the idea of a luminiferous aether was shown as superfluous and abandoned; all observers measure the same speed of light.
===Conclusion===
And that's how science works. Not by sticking loyally to the ideas of a big name, but by seeing if the ideas are true or not. And if not, out they go.
===Misuse===
The Michelson-Morley experiment is occasionally cited by proponents of modern geocentrism as proof that the Earth is not moving.
==See also==
*Scientific method
*Speed of light
*Relativity
Category:Physics
Microraptor

Microraptor is a transitional form. It represents, along with other dromaeosaurids (a.k.a. "raptors"), a branch of evolution path from dinosaurs to birds. The 24 centimeter creature had feathers and was able to glide between trees, yet it also has a tail that is "clearly dinosaurian".Jeff Hecht, "Microraptor" in New Scientist, 6 December 2000. Bizarrely, Microraptor has four wings, i.e. feathered legs, as opposed to birds' two. 
The latest discovered genus related to Microraptor, Changyuraptorhttp://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jul/15/largest-four-winged-dinosaur-changyuraptor-yangi, has a feathered tail 30 cm long, consistent with gliding flight.
== See also ==
*Feathered dinosaurs
==References==
Category:Evolution
Category:Transitional fossils
Category:Dinosaurs