Michael Ledeen

:“… if there is no machinery in existence to ensure, for example, that military and political factors will be balanced in decisions made, they will invent such machinery and use it, as with the National Security Council. Moreover, in a formally democratic polity, the aims and the powers of the various elements of this elite are further supported by an aspect of the permanent war economy: the assumption that the security of the nation supposedly rests upon great secrecy of plan and intent. Many higher events that would reveal the working of the power elite can be withheld from public knowledge under the guise of secrecy. With the wide secrecy covering their operations and decisions, the power elite can make their intentions, operations, and further consolidation. Any secrecy that is imposed upon those in positions to observe high decision-makers clearly works for and not against the operations of the power elite.”Mills, C. Wright (1957) The Power Elite, New York: Harper. 
Michael Ledeen has been described by the Jerusalem Post as "Washington's neoconservative guru". He was part of the neocon 'cabal' that manufactured the defective intelligence in the lead up to the war against Iraq, and has since been active in making the case for the bombing of Iran. 
==Background==
According to James Bamford, "His father designed the air-conditioning system for Walt Disney Studios, and Ledeen spent much of his early life surrounded by a world of fantasy". His latter life has been equally surrounded by fantasy, as Ledeen has been responsible some of the wilder claims about first the Soviet threat, and now the Islamic threat. Ledeen was a senior researcher at the CIA-affiliated think-tank CSIS in the 1970s. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
Ledeen taught in Rome for two years until 1977 and was involved in smear operations against the Italian Communist Party. In 1976 when a day after a CSIS conference on Italy the New Republic published an article by Claire Sterling and Ledeen claiming that the Italian Communist Party had recieved secret funding from the Soviets. The New Republic was at that time published by Robert J. Myers, a friend of Ray Cline of CSIS, and formerly of the CIA. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979 Myers appeared with Cline a January 1978 congressional hearing on the CIA and the media where he stated: "The reciprocal relationship between the CIA and the American press has been of value to both parties and often to the individuals themselves whose careers may have mutually benefited by such connections." The article was republished just before the elections by the Rome Daily American (which was funded by the CIA). Claire Sterling and Ledeen even appeared on Italian television on the night of the election. They featured as commentators from 4pm to 2am on Channel 1 which was controlled by the Christian Democrat Party - the main recipient of CIA funds in Italy. Fred Landis, 'Georgetown's Ivory Tower for Old Spooks', Inquiry, 30 September 1979
In 1977, after earning a Ph.D. in history and philosophy and teaching in Rome for two years, Ledeen became the first executive director of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, a pro-Israel pressure group that served as a flagship of the neoconservative movement.
In 1980, while working as Rome correspondent of The New Republic, allegedly collaborated with right-wing Italian intelligence officers on a series of black propaganda operations.
===Billygate===
The first of these involved a scandal sparked when President Carter's brother Billy accepted a $220,000 loan from Libya. The controversy had largely died down by the time of the election.
::Then, in the last week of October 1980, just two weeks before the election, The New Republic in Washington and Now magazine in Great Britain published a story co-authored by Michael Ledeen and Arnaud de Borchgrave, now an editor-at-large at The Washington Times and United Press International. According to the story, headlined "Qaddafi, Arafat and Billy Carter," the president's brother had been given an additional $50,000 by Qaddafi, on top of the loan, and had met secretly with Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat. The story had come dramatically back to life. The new charges were disputed by Billy Carter and many others, and were never corroborated.
::A 1985 investigation by Jonathan Kwitny in The Wall Street Journal reported that the New Republic article was part of a larger disinformation scam run by Ledeen and SISMI to tilt the election, and that "Billy Carter wasn't the only one allegedly getting money from a foreign government." According to Pazienza, Kwitny reported, Michael Ledeen had received at least $120,000 from SISMI in 1980 or 1981 for his work on Billygate and other projects. Ledeen even had a coded identity, Z-3, and had money sent to him in a Bermuda bank account, Pazienza said.The War They Wanted, The Lies They Needed, by Craig Unger, Vanity Fair, July 2006. 
===The Bulgarian connection===
::In 1981, Ledeen played a role in what has been widely characterized as another disinformation operation. Once again his alleged ties to SISMI were front and center. The episode began after Mehmet Ali Agca, the right-wing terrorist who shot Pope John Paul II that May, told authorities that he had been taking orders from the Soviet Union's K.G.B. and Bulgaria's secret service. With Ronald Reagan newly installed in the White House, the so-called Bulgarian Connection made perfect Cold War propaganda. Michael Ledeen was one of its most vocal proponents, promoting it on TV and in newspapers all over the world.The War They Wanted, The Lies They Needed, by Craig Unger, Vanity Fair, July 2006. 
===The Iran-Contra Scandal===
A few years later, after Reagan was elected, Ledeen had become prominent enough to earn a spot as a consultant to the National Security Council alongside Feith.' There Leedeen was invovled in the Iran-Contra scandal where he served as 'the administration's intermediary with Israel in the illegal-arms deal'. 'In 1985, he met with Manucher Ghorbanifar, a one-time Iranian carpet salesman who was widely believed to be an Israeli agent. The CIA considered Ghorbanifar a dangerous con man and had issued a "burn notice" recommending that no U.S. agency have any dealings with him. Unfazed, Ledeen called Ghorbanifar "one of the most honest, educated, honorable men I have ever known." The two men brokered the arms exchange—a transaction that would result in the indictment of fourteen senior officials in the Reagan administration.'
===Espionage charges===
In the early 1980s, after Ledeen lost his job as a consultant with the State Department, he approached Noel Koch, the assistant secretary of defence fr International Security Affairs, and asked to be hired as a 'terrorism consultant'. According to Bamford:
:In 1988, in an extraordinary yet almost unknown letter to the House Judiciary Committee, which oversees the Justice Department and the FBI, Koch virtually accused Ledeen of being a spy and said the CIA listed him as an 'agent of influence of a foreign government,' that government reportedly being Israel. Asking the committee to investigate Ledeen, Koch said his former consultant 'lied about efforts to acquire by ruse classified information for which he had no legitimate claim, and, while he lived in Italy [as a correspondent for The New Republic magazine], was carried by the CIA chief of station in Rome as an agent of influence of a foreign government [Israel], according to current ranking officials of the CIA who was associated with the activities of the Rome stateion in that period.'James Bamford, A Pretext for War (2004): 415
==Faulty Intelligence==
Scott Ritter has written that the MEK's intelligence was relayed to the US government via neoconservatives such as Michael Ledeen.Scott Ritter, "Iraq, Iran, and WMDs", Znet, 29 January 2007
==2001 Rome meetings==
Ledeen organised a series of meetings in an apartment in Rome, Italy from December 10, 2001 through December 13 2001.
::The meeting included Larry Franklin (Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense, International Security Affairs), Harold Rhode (Office of Net Assessments), Michael Ledeen (former Office of the Secretary of Defense and National Security Council consultant), Manucher Ghorbanifar (Iranian exile), [Iranian #1] (Iranian living in exile in Morocco), Iranian #2] (Iranian Revolutionary Guard Official), and an unidentified employee of [a foreign government]. Michael Ledeen arranged the meeting with the help of his contacts in Italy and [the foreign government] who provided the meeting place and the logistical support.Report on intelligence activities relating to Iraq conducted by the Policy Counterterrorism Evaluation Group and the Office of Special Plans within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, United States, Senate Select Committe on Intelligence, June 2008, p3.
The US Senate Intelligence Committee issued a report on the meetings and subsequent events in 2008, which concluded:
::The role Mr Ledeen played as interlocutor for Mr Ghorbanifar and in setting up the Rome meeting, and potentially the Paris meeting, was inappropriate. There is no indication that the Iranian officials attending the Rome meeting refused to meet with CIA officials. It is likely that this allegation was used by Mr. Ledeen, Mr. Ghorbanifar or others as a means of circumventing the Intelligence Community's knowledge of and involvement in the meeting given the CIA's fabrication notice against Mr Ghorbanifar. Also, Mr Ghorbanifar, aided by Mr Ledeen, used the opportunity presented at the Rome meeting to propose an agenda for regime change in Iran directly to DoD officials, including a proposal for U.S. funding of covert activities.Report on intelligence activities relating to Iraq conducted by the Policy Counterterrorism Evaluation Group and the Office of Special Plans within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, United States, Senate Select Committe on Intelligence, June 2008, p33.
==Quotes==
: "Creative destruction is our middle name. We do it automatically.... It is time once again to export the democratic revolution."
: "Every ten years or so, the United States needs to pick up some small crappy little country and throw it against the wall, just to show the world we mean business." - Quoted/paraphrased by Jonah Goldberg in The National Review OnlineJonah Goldberg, 'Baghdad Delenda Est, Part Two', National Review Online, 23 April 2002
==Affiliations==
*American Enterprise Institute
*ISI Enterprises
*The New Republic - Rome correspondent
*United States Committee for a Free Lebanon
*Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs - First executive director
*CSIS
*International Analyst Network
*Center for Security Policy - Contributor to CSP front group Family Security Matters
*Foundation for Defense of Democracies - Featured ExpertFDD, "Featured Experts", FDD Website, accessed on 27 October 2010
*Jewish Policy Center - Board of FellowsThe Jewish Policy Center, "Board", JPC, accessed on 13 November 2010
==Connections==
*Antonio Martino
*Fransesco Pazienza
*Edward Luttwak
*Nicolò Pollari
==Resources==
*Michael Ledeen, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry
==External Links==
* James Bamford, Iran: The Next War, Rolling Stone, 10 August 2006
* Michael Ledeen, Creative Destruction: How to wage a revolutionary war, National Review Online, September 20, 2001
==References==
Ledeen, Michael
Ledeen, MichaelLedeen, MichaelLedeen, MichaelLedeen, MichaelCategory:Neocons