Firefly

Firefly was broadcast in 2002, and although it attracted many pre-existing Joss Whedon fans, only 11 of the 14 episodes were aired during its original run in the United States. Many fans blamed the show's failure on Fox's habit of frequent rescheduling, and scheduling it in very challenging spots. After cancellation, DVD sales were high enough that a movie, Serenity, was able to be made, continuing the story. After the release of the movie, a comic series was also published that bridged the gap between the TV series and the movie and then continued beyond the events of the movie.
Firefly is part of the Jossverse. The phrase "I'll be in my bunk" originated in the fandom.
==Premise==
Firefly follows the adventures of the crew of the Firefly-class spaceship Serenity. It was commonly described as a space western. Costume, sets, and speech patterns took their inspiration both from an Old West aesthetic and Chinatown (See Controversy).
The ship is captained by Mal (Malcolm) Reynolds, with Zoë Washburne, his former Lieutenant in the war, as his second mate. She is married to Hoban "Wash" Washburne, the pilot. The ship's engineer is Kaylee Frye, and Jayne Cobb is the hired muscle. As well, the ship carries Inara Serra, "Companion", a sort of courtesan; Shepherd Book, a priest; and brother and sister Simon and River Tam as paying passengers.
Mal had been an officer on the losing side of a war against the Alliance. Partly as a result of that, the ship stays on the margins of civilised space, perpetually short of funds and running at best semi-legitimate jobs. Simon and River Tam are also keen to avoid the Alliance, since Simon stole River from an experiment designed to turn her into a weapon. The experiment has left her mentally unstable.
== Cancellation ==
=== Conflicts with the network ===
Joss Whedon had intended for Firefly to be a serious character study, but Fox promoted the show as an action-comedy and requested changes to shift the tone to be lighter. Joss Whedon states, “Fox came out of the box saying we’re looking for flash, we’re looking for comfort […] there wasn’t a lot of either [in the original pilot]”.Lynette Rice, “Joss Whedon Reshoots the Pilot for ‘Firefly’”. EW.com, accessed 19 May, 2023 Reshoots for the pilot “Serenity” were needed to adjust the tone. An even more apparent conflict was the network’s reported dislike of the western genre, as discussed in the DVD commentary, 
"Joss Whedon: People on horses, really disturbing to the network. They didn’t like the western thing, which is hilarious considering…
Nathan Fillion: That was the idea of the show."Polly White's "The Cult Afterlife" DOI: https://doi.org/10.15664/fcj.v21.i0.2709
=== Scheduling ===
Fox interrupted the scheduled airing of Firefly, as Rhonda V. Wilcox explains, “Fox had paid a hefty sum to air Major League Baseball playoffs and therefore repeatedly cancelled episodes and disturbed the narrative of Firefly”.Rhonda V. Wilcox, “Whedon, Browncoats, and the Big Damn Narrative: The Unified Meta-Myth of Firefly and Serenity,” in Science Fiction Double Feature: The Science Fiction Film As Cult Text, eds. J.P Telotte and Gerald Duchovnay (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015), 102.
This irregularity of broadcasting is discussed with frustration by the cast in the fan documentary Done the Impossible,
Alan Tudyk: We've been beaten up for the last […] weeks and months, and frustrated just like anybody who liked the show, that it wasn’t on every week, it was on every third. [It] was the most insane non-chance of a TV show.Done The Impossible, directed by Tony Hadlock et al, (2006; YouTube upload 2020)
=== Episode release order ===
Fox felt that the two-hour pilot “Serenity” did not give enough action, so it was aired last in December 2002, after the show had been cancelled. “The Train Job” was requested as a replacement for the first episode. Keith DeCandido cites this as the reason for Firefly's failure “FOX did not give the show an opportunity to make that good first impression, nor did it give viewers sufficient reason to tune in the following week”.Keith DeCandido, “"The Train Job" Didn't Do the Job: Poor Opening Contributed to Firefly's Doom,” in Finding Serenity, eds. Jane Espenson with Glenn Yeffeth, (Texas: BenBella Books,
2005), 56.
Joss Whedon and the cast of Firefly did not shy away from explicitly criticising Fox for their treatment of the series, holding them liable for its short run,
"They kicked us down, and then they kicked us while we were down"- Nathan Fillion in Done the Impossible.
Fan response to the premiture cancellation of the series led to the release of a DVD and the production of the film Serenity. 
==Controversy==
See also Race and Fandom.
===Appropriation===
Although Firefly used many elements of Chinese culture, and had characters swearing and speaking in Mandarin, it had, as the vid How Much Is That Geisha In the Window? noted, only one speaking part for Asian actor, who played a prostitute. Another vid, Secret Asian Man (Firefly- Secret Asian Man), focuses on the near-entire absence, except as background, of Asian characters in the show. The webcomic xkcd (whose artist, Randall Munroe, is a Firefly fan) lampshaded this in a comic featuring "The Uncomfortable Truth Well", which voiced the "uncomfortable truth" that "For a universe that's supposed to be half Chinese, Firefly sure doesn't have any Asians".xkcd: Well
Chinese and other Asian cultures also appear fetishized, and again, the most conspicuously "Asian" practices are displayed by Inara, who is a prostitute. This plays into racial stereotypes surrounding the depiction of Asian female characters, who are frequently characterised as hyper-sexualised "geishas".
Meta: Frustrations of an Asian American Whedonite (July 17, 2012)
===Confederate Association===
Joss wished to tell a story about the losers after a war, inspired by the post-American Civil War reconstruction period. In this analogy, then, Mal and Zoe would have been fighting for the Confederate cause, which, in the show, is generally presented as about seeking independence from over-reaching central authority. This is very similar to how the cause of the Confederates is often presented by those who wish to minimise the influence of slavery in that conflict. At one point, Malcolm says "I do believe we'll rise again,"Firefly episode, The Train Job echoing a phrase often used by [insert polite phrase here].
===Prostitution===
Meta: Sex Worker Rights and Inara Serra by Lady Geek Girl (July 27, 2013)
==Fandom==
Firefly fans called themselves Browncoats, a nickname for the Independents in the Firefly universe, and were extremely active in advocating for the show, to the extent that they acquired something of a reputation. They would host informal gatherings or "shindigs" across the world. A sample calendar of shindig events was provided in issue #1 of the Firefly e-zine Still Flying
* Halloween Shindig – Satellite Beach, FL - 31 Oct 2003
** Webpage: http://www.fireflyverse.net/Londinium_Halloween.html (archived here
** Shindig Webcam: http://geocities.yahoo.com/webcam/public/zoesfave (offline)
* Toronto mini-Shindig DVD release - December 13, 2003
* Atlanta DVD Shindig - December 14, 2003
** Webpage: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/atlantashindig
* Barre, VT (near Montpelier) - January 23–25, 2004
* Las Vegas Shindig – Imperial Palace - March 5–7, 2004
* Lago Vista, TX (near Austin) - May 21–23, 2004
* Seattle Shindig Bar-B-Q Rainfest Ohio Area - TBD
* LA Shindig - November 6–9, 2003
** Webpage: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LASHINDIG/
* London Shindig - TBD
===Shipping===
Zoë/Wash are canonically married and monogamous, and Book is celibate. Fans typically respect this.
 	Jayne 	Kaylee 	Mal 	Inara 	River 	Simon
Jayne 	 	Jayne/Kaylee	Jayne/Mal 	Jayne/Inara 	Jayne/River 	Jayne/Simon
Kaylee	Jayne/Kaylee	 	Kaylee/Mal	Kaylee/Inara 	Kaylee/River	Kaylee/Simon
Mal 	Jayne/Mal 	Kaylee/Mal 	 	Malcolm/Inara	Mal/River 	Malcolm/Simon
Inara 	Jayne/Inara 	Kaylee/Inara	Mal/Inara 	 	Inara/River 	Inara/Simon
River 	Jayne/River 	Kaylee/River	Mal/River 	Inara/River 	 	River/Simon
Simon 	Jayne/Simon 	Kaylee/Simon	Mal/Simon 	Inara/Simon 	River/Simon 	
=== Crossovers and Fusions ===
Firefly crossovers are moderately common. On AO3 most crossovers are with Buffy, Supernatural, Angel and Doctor Who; crossovers with other SF series involving space travel seem comparatively rare. Fusions typically involve other roles played by the cast, especially in Joss Whedon productions. 
=== Campaigning ===
A postcard campaign was sent to Fox and sponsors when the series was set to be cancelled. 
Support through high DVD sales, with existing fans of the show buying multiple DVD’s for themselves and as gifts to recruit new viewers. 
The promotion strategy for Serenity was highly reliant on fan campaigning. 
==Legal Threats to Fan Creators==
In April 2013, it was reportedRoth, Dan. Fox shuts down anyone selling a Jayne hat (and Firefly fans are furious). Last accessed 18/04/2013. that Fox was sending cease and desist letters to Firefly fans who were using Etsy and other venues to sell self-made versions of character Jayne Cobb's orange knitted hat. Fans had been making copies of the iconic "cunning hat" for many years, but it appears Fox decided to crack down because licensed apparel firm Ripple Junction had acquired an official license to mass-produce and sell the hat. Fans organized an online protest action,You Can't Take The Yarn From Me. Last accessed 18/04/2013 prompting Ripple Junction to respond that they had been the official licensee of Firefly apparel for years and had not ordered the wave of cease and desist letters.Ripple Junction Responds. Last accessed 18/04/2013
One fan who was active in the marketing of Serenity was “11th Hour”, best known for her creation of guerrilla marketing posters. 11th Hour was contacted by a lawyer of Universal Pictures and told she had to take down any merchandise in her store with a reference to the film's title. 11th Hour posted to a fan message board and fans responded saying that they had been tools for Universal Pictures to promote the film and now Universal Pictures were re-negotiating their relationship with the fan community. The community responded with an 'invoice' totalling all the hours they had spent promoting the film.
== Fanworks==
===Fanzines===
gen:
* War Stories
* Still Flying
slash:
* Coat Tales
* The Filament and Other Stories
===Newsletters===
* I Don't Care I'm Still Free
===Podcasts===
* Mighty Fine Shindig
* The Signal - a general fandom podcast.
* Firefly Talk - a general fandom 'cast, covering news form the fandom, activity on different message boards, and interviews with people related to the show.
* Firefly Between the Lines - a proposed serialized fiction podcast that never got off the ground.
* Still Flying - an intro'cast that covered each episode. 
===Fanfiction===
* Big Damn Zombies, Sir by shrift, a gen ensemble story in which Jayne is temporarily indisposed
* Water in One Hand by ana_grrl. Apocafic. Mal/Simon
* The Other Foot, Obliquely Run by musesfool. Post-Serenity.
* Still Flying
===Archives===
* Big Damn Verse (fiction archive and forums)
* BrownCoats (With fic, filk and RPG)
* Firefly Slash Archive (organized by author) - this is the archive for the Firefly Slash mailing list (link) which was founded in 2003 or earlier.
* Firefly's Glow Archive (All ratings, advanced search function) which was the archive for the Fireflys Glow mailing list. original founded on Yahoo Groups in May 2002 (link) the mailing list moved to Google Groups in 2005. It then disappeared.
* Firefly and Serenity works at Archive of Our Own. About 6000 stories total.
* Firefly and Serenity stories at fanfiction.net. About 6800.
* Jayne/Simon at livejournal.
===Vids===
* Blind Hope by Here's luck, ensemble vid
* Black Dove by Frodolyn (2006)
* Firefly Music Video: All These Things That I've Done by cnstrikesback (2007)
* How Much Is That Geisha In the Window? by Lierdumoa (August 22, 2008)
* Secret Asian Man by Shati (August 9, 2008)
* Firefly and Serenity: Defying Gravity by Emma Guild (2008)
* firefly | this is home by hagabong (2012)
===Filks===
* On the Drift by Bedlam Bards (2006)
===Fansites===
* Orbiting Lights
* Can't Take the Sky
===Mailing Lists===
* Fireflys Glow archive link the mailing list was created September 2002, moved to Google Groups in 2005. It then disappeared. "Companion to JossFirefly (gen discussion only), this list is for fanfiction and discussion about Joss Whedon's Firefly, coming to Fox this fall 2002. All genres accepted, gen, het, slash. Set 500 years in Earth’s future, Firefly is an ensemble series about a small ragtag crew on an incredibly mobile spaceship named the Serenity. Led by Captain Malcolm “Mal” Reynolds, an officer on the losing side of a great war against The Alliance, the crew must struggle to keep themselves alive while searching for meaning in their lives within the dark fringes of their chaotic world under the rule of a new government."
* Firefly Slash mailing list (archive link) which was founded in September 2002 "We're gathering here to discuss what promises to be a fun kind of show. As the title says, this list is a slash fiction list, so fiction first, chatter second, pics are welcome, post them to the shared files if you'd like to share. I'm gonna ask here that the authors remember to share with this list when you're sharing with others. We can only get pleasure from the sharing if something is posted to the list. And readers, play your part by feeding the authors. Its more important than you may realize. All the stories will be considered direct submissions to the multi-fandom/lists list archive, the WWOMB and as such be posted to the list archive unless they include a direct DO NOT ARCHIVE notation. Because this archive handles several hundred lists, I don't have time to notify each writer as their stories go up so I recommend you join the direct submissions/announcements list at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Makebelieve if you want to be informed. Finally, if you spam the list I will remove it AND you without warning. We've got limited space and don't need spam in our files. I do however encourage chatter onlist. It tends to stimulate ficcies, and that's what we're here to inspire, aren't we. Oh yea, and its been requested that you include your couples in your posts, please do this. some readers would rather only read the pair they like and not wade through the rest. See ya on the flip, luvs..."
* Firefly General Romance Description: "The series Firefly is getting mixed reactions, but it has a growing fan base. Cuz I'm interested in the general and hetero fiction that seems to be trickling in, I've decided to create this arena. Discussion focusing on this show, is of course, welcome on the list. As well as photo and manipulated pics in the shared files. This list is a DIRECT SUBMISSIONS list to The Makebelieve Archive. BE AWARE, IF YOU POST A STORY WITH THE LIST, IT *WILL* BE CONSIDERED A SUBMISSION TO THE LIST ARCHIVE AND *WILL* BE POSTED THERE WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE AS TIME ALLOWS UNLESS YOU INCLUDE A DO NOT ARCHIVE NOTATION. Authors, we encourage previously viewed and new release stories. If you can imagine it we want to host it.... Readers, play your part by feeding the authors. Its more important than you may realize...and the only pay an author of fanfic gets."
* Firefly For Adults Description: "Firefly combines the old world western and the out in space opera to create an interesting mix of action and old world quaitness. There is a feeling of stepping back in time to a gentler time in the dialoge, a slow paced build to climax in the action. All in all, a new POV on an old theme. Come discuss the show. Come share a story. This list is part of the WWOMB family of lists. All stories posted here will eventually be posted to that site unless you include a do not archive notice."
* JossFirefly Description: "Discussion about Joss Whedon's new show, Firefly, a Sci-Fi show from the creator of Buffy and Angel. The show will air on Fox on Friday nights at 8 pm eastern, starting in the fall, 2002. Set 500 years in Earth’s future, Firefly is an ensemble series about a small ragtag crew on an incredibly mobile spaceship named the Serenity. Led by Captain Malcolm “Mal” Reynolds, an officer on the losing side of a great war against The Alliance, the crew must struggle to keep themselves alive while searching for meaning in their lives within the dark fringes of their chaotic world under the rule of a new government. If you're interested in discussing Joss' other shows, Buffy or Angel, check out our sister list, JossBtVS." This list was also a companion list to Fireflys Glow.
* CaptainTightpants Description: "This is a discussion and fic list all about Captain Mal Reynolds from the FOX series Firefly, as well as his portrayer, Nathan Fillion. All fic is welcome - het, slash, gen - just no RPF. Adults only."
* Firefly Leather And Roses Description: "The series Firefly, the twist, Leather and roses type fic, when you trust enough to offer a power exchange. Mal, Simon, Jayne, and all the rest take a dip into the ruff and tuff. If you see this side of the guys and dolls, lets discuss the possibilities. The stories posted to this list will eventually be included in the WWOMB archive unless you include a do not archive notation."
* BuffyAngelFirefly Description: "Discussion list for Joss Whedon's wonderful creations: Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel and Firefly. Share news, reviews, images, and anything else pertaining to the shows. Share news, reviews, images, and anything else pertaining to these three great shows. We are "speculation" and "spoiler" friendly. So, please, use "Spoiler space". Please respect Group members. Trolls, flamers, racists and homophobes are not welcome here."
* Firefly-Fiction Description: fiction-only sister list to Firefly's Glow discussion and fiction list, all stories posted are also archived at the Firefly's Glow archive.
* Firefly-News Description: An announcement list for news about Joss Whedon's Firefly and updates for Firefly, the Premiere Fansite at http://jossisahottie.com/firefly/.
* Hate Joss Club Description: "He killed off Tara, bumped Dark Angel from the screen for Firefly.... That's it, we are now officialy putting together a group against him. (Of course we hate him, but this is not a Kill-the-man-club, we just want a place to bitch about him, THIS IS IT!) (((I wanted a place to talk about what Joss is doing with the show, and to see if other people had an idea why he would do that. I don't hate Joss, and he has the right to do anything he wants with his shows and characters, but I DO 'hate' his actions on the show. He killed off Tara and yes, I'm upset. I'm not mad... alright, I am mad at Joss, but I don't hate him.))) Question? Comments? Mail me: Mayra.Rienties@zonnet.nl"
==Meta/Further Reading==
* Some of the essays on various Firefly characters at Idol Reflections
* Essays on various canon and non-canon ships between Firefly characters at Ship Manifesto
* by Abigail Nussbaum (2005)
==Resources==
* Firefly overview at Newbieguide on Livejournal
* Whoa. Good Myth: A Firefly Resource Site maintained by shrift. Includes episode guides and transcripts, quotes, and glossary.
* Firefly series entry at Wikipedia
* The Firefly and Serenity Database
==References==
Category:Firefly