Purity Culture in Fandom

Purity culture is an environment that developed mainly on Tumblr that criticized fan's use of certain "problematic" tropes and content in fanworks. 
This is similar to or nearly the same as callout culture and cancel culture. However, where purity/cancel culture tends to encompass the movement as a whole, callout culture has a focus on the creation of callout posts. 
Purity culture in the context of fandom should not be confused with purity culture in the context of feminism. 
Purity culture is also not the same as the attacks on fanworks from outside fandom, such as the Moral Majority, one of the American political organization and movements utilized by the evangelical Christian right wing during the 1980s. 
==History==
Callout posts, or posts specifically dedicated to "calling out" the perceived moral issue with a person or piece of media, were around even during LiveJournal's popularity. One of the most well-known groups was Warriors for Innocence, the organization that in 2007, was instrumental in igniting Strikethrough.
In the mid-2010s, a number of Tumblr users began arguing that some kinds of fanworks should not be allowed on any platform. These views were labelled "purity culture" by opponents who argue that these views are based in morality arguments- or who is more "pure" than the other. Other terms include "antis" (for anti-shipper) and "performative morality" (public moral judgements only made for internet clout). These fans often use social justice as a framework for their arguments. These somewhat resemble Fandom as a Safe Space discussions. 
Some fans, apparently mostly young, are "calling out" fanfiction authors and platforms, sometimes using the term "sin." Their main issue is pedophilia, sometimes using the terms MAP ("Minor-Attracted Person") and CSA ("Child Sexual Abuse"). Some seem to be teens upset that adults were writing porn about teenagers (regardless of age of consent), and some who considered relationships with age gaps to be unhealthy. See Minors in Fandom. 
This is particularly complex in comic and cartoon fandoms, such as the sports anime Free!, due to the vaguely young age of many characters. As "antis," it may have arisen in Homestuck and has been an issue in Gravity Falls, Steven Universe, Undertale and Voltron. Anti-Shipper Example Ships provides a list of fandoms where purity culture has called out problems.
==Purpose of Purity Culture==
Other content issues brought up included rape, non-consensual sex, incest, kinks, pro-Nazi content, racism, homophobia, transphobia, ableism, religious bigotry, misogyny, samboism, discrimination, mammyism, dehumanization, slash fic (considered to be fetishizing gay men), and not presenting abusive or unhealthy relationships in a purely negative light.
While purity culture led to positive calls for better tagging and warnings for fanworks, a number of fans wanted to go further. Suggestions for enforcing or improving fanwork morality have included name calling, smears, comparisons to mainstream porn, organized negative comment storms, reporting the fan creators in hopes of deplatforming them, directly threatening messages, doxxing, reporting the Archive Of Our Own to the US FBI, and calling for curation to remove problematic content. This is discussed in great detail in The Three Laws of Fandom and AO3 is open source.
Other fans have argued that the aim of "socially responsible fandom" and the resulting purity culture has done nothing to stop the prejudices and bigotry in fandom, it's just the same attitudes worn under a different hat. 
==Purity was Not an Issue "Back in the Day"==
Many who have been in fandom a long time, such as Fandom Moms, who are anti-purity culture lament the past of fandom when such issues were perceived as not divisive and people could create content without morality-based criticism. Responses to this view vary.
===Back in the Day, Fandom was a Hostile Environment===
Many responded that in the past, prejudice, homophobia, racism, etc. were rampant in fandom and made fandom an unsafe space for minorities, and that over time minorities have become more comfortable speaking on the issues. With this viewpoint, fandom's past is considered just as problematic (if not more so) as its modern counterpart, and any who are comfortable with it or wish fandom was similar to the "good ol' days" only believe so due to their privilege and disregard for other's experiences.
Some take this view further and argue that offensive fiction or works have been/are popular because of widespread offensive views. Others respond to this by arguing that a person’s taste in fictional entertainment does not reflect their real-life views.
===These Issues have Always Existed===
Fandom purity culture has existed forever, some groups have always been repulsed by pornography and sexuality. A good example of this is the backlash against the Black Cover zine in Beauty and the Beast, which featured explicit sexual content and non-traditional pairings that challenged the fandom's vanilla tastes and the Catherine/Vincent pairing. Anime websites also used to brag about being "hentai free" and shamed people who either hosted or created it.
Slash especially used to get flak just for existing, with anti-slash groups feeling that fanfic or art of two men kissing defiled the goodness of a story. Fanfic archives used to rate all slash content with a mature rating, even if all the couple did was hold hands or kiss on the cheek. Warriors for Innocence is a group that took this to extremes, trying to shut down any and all slash communities and being partially responsible for Strikethrough.
==Commentary==
==Further Reading==
* List of Content Banned by Archives
*I think the general mindset and culture of Tumblr is effecting what people choose to write about in fic (2015 post)
* Fandom is not your safe space (2015 post)
*AO3 & Censorship (2016 post)
*AO3 Content Discussion (2016) (post)
* The Three Laws of Fandom (2016 post)
* Like, i’m not saying that adults don’t have a place in fandom. they can and they do, and many are perfectly great people. (2017)
* Antishipping as the cool new trend, or: why are most antis under 25 years old? (2017 post)
*Are You Pairing Fictional Characters the Way I Want You To?; archive link by Ratkinzluver33 (Driverpicksthemooseic) (2019)
*It just occurred to me that most of the people complaining about purity culture by thesvvordwizard (2019)
* Grey Morality Is Important In Media And You Should Sit Down - commentary by Bliss Fully Aware podcast (Aug 4, 2020)
* The Puriteens are on the Attack - She-Ra: Princess of Power and purity culture commentary by Bliss Fully Aware podcast (Aug 19, 2020)
* Is it me or is the anti movement... really american?; archive link; Wayback (April 2021)
* It has come to my attention that some of you have been enjoying media that the OAF (Organization Against Fun) has deemed Problematic™ (2021 satirical post)
* Some Feelings on Current Fandom by linkydottxt (Linky) (Feb 28 2022) "Musings on purity culture in current fannish spaces, and the poisoning of fandom waters it brings"
* The Fandom Purity Culture Archive
==References==
Category:Discussion
Category:Fandom Wars
Category:Christianity & Fandom