Thyroid cancer

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Note: most thyroid cancer regimens can be found on dedicated pages:
*Histology-specific:
**Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)
**Medullary thyroid cancer
*Biomarker-specific:
**BRAF-mutated thyroid cancer
**RET-positive thyroid cancer
Last updated on 2024-07-23:3 regimens on this page
3 variants on this page
=Guidelines=
Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.
==ATA==
*2015: Guidelines on the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer EuroPMC
*2015: Guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma EuroPMC
*2012: Guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer EuroPMC
==ESMO==
*2019: Filetti et al. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up EuroPMC
**2012: Pacini et al. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up EuroPMC
**2010: Pacini et al. Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up EuroPMC
==NCCN==
*NCCN Guidelines - Thyroid Carcinoma
**2015: Haddad et al. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2015 EuroPMC
**2014: Tuttle et al. Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2014 EuroPMC
**2010: Tuttle et al. Thyroid carcinoma. EuroPMC
**2007: Sherman et al. Thyroid carcinoma. EuroPMC
**2005: Sherman et al. Thyroid carcinoma. EuroPMC
=Advanced or metastatic disease=
==Axitinib monotherapy==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence
Cohen et al. 2008 (A4061014)	Not reported 	Phase 2
====Targeted therapy====
*Axitinib (Inlyta) 5 mg PO twice per day
Continued indefinitely
===References===
# A4061014: Cohen EE, Rosen LS, Vokes EE, Kies MS, Forastiere AA, Worden FP, Kane MA, Sherman E, Kim S, Bycott P, Tortorici M, Shalinsky DR, Liau KF, Cohen RB. Axitinib is an active treatment for all histologic subtypes of advanced thyroid cancer: results from a phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 10;26(29):4708-13. Epub 2008 Jun 9. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT00094055
## Update: Cohen EE, Tortorici M, Kim S, Ingrosso A, Pithavala YK, Bycott P. A Phase II trial of axitinib in patients with various histologic subtypes of advanced thyroid cancer: long-term outcomes and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2014 Dec;74(6):1261-70. Epub 2014 Oct 15. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
==Doxorubicin monotherapy==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence
Gottlieb et al. 1974	1971-01 to 1973-06 	Non-randomized
Note: This is of historic interest.
====Chemotherapy====
*Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 45 to 75 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
21-day cycles
===References===
# Gottlieb JA, Hill CS Jr. Chemotherapy of thyroid cancer with adriamycin: experience with 30 patients. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jan 24;290(4):193-7. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors EuroPMC
==Sorafenib monotherapy==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment 	Evidence	Efficacy
Gupta-Abramson et al. 2008	2006-02-28 to 2007-09-13	Phase 2 	ORR: 23% (95% CI, 10-42)
====Targeted therapy====
*Sorafenib (Nexavar) 400 mg PO twice per day on days 1 to 28
28-day cycles
===References===
# Gupta-Abramson V, Troxel AB, Nellore A, Puttaswamy K, Redlinger M, Ransone K, Mandel SJ, Flaherty KT, Loevner LA, O'Dwyer PJ, Brose MS. Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 10;26(29):4714-9. Epub 2008 Jun 9. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article EuroPMC
Category:Thyroid cancer regimens
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