F.A.Q. - Frequently Asked Questions/ru

Этот вопрос произошел из протокола серии семинаров, проведенных для новичков в Fediverse, особенно для тех, кто пришел в Mastodon после того, как Маск купил Twitter.
Paula больше не проводит семинары на английском языке, так как спрос на них снизился, но вы всегда можете задать ей вопросы.
==Что такое Mastodon?==
"Смотрите также статью Что такое Mastodon? в этой вики. А также объяснение особенностей Mastodon для полного обзора всех функций Mastodon."
Mastodon is a free software microblogging project. It shares quite a few similarities with Twitter, but differs in some key features.
It is decentralized/federated and belongs to the Fediverse ().
When you just created an account you'll see the basic interface with an empty home timeline. Follow other accounts and create your individual interesting home timeline.
To follow/find accounts that are hosted on different instances (servers) than your own account, you usually have to search for their full handle (@username@instance.tld) or their profile's url.
When you use Mastodon via your desktop browser, you can change quite a few things about its look and feel via your account settings. Anyone looking for an equivalent to Tweetdeck's many columns, may switch to the advanced interface:
It allows you for example to pin a column for hashtags you've searched by clicking on its top right corner.
As with Tweetdeck, if the number of columns exceed your display's width, you either need to scroll left and right or zoom out, until all columns fit again into your screen.
All notifications a shown in one column, in which you can switch between different types of notifications. The column's top right corner opens its settings, where can optimize your notification column to your individual needs.
If you want to ensure, you will not miss posts from accounts that are the most relevant to you or you want to cluster accounts to create thematic timelines, for example, you can create , and pin them as a column. Only accounts you are following, can be added to our lists.
You can also click the bell symbol on a profile besides the (un)follow button to get notified about all posts by a user.
Your home timeline shows posts by accounts you follow and boosts by those accounts. There is no algorithm sorting posts for "relevance". Everything will appear in the chronological order it was either posted or boosted. Everything in your timeline will have the same look whether it originated from a Mastodon account or an account from some other Fediverse service.
The local timeline displays all the public posts accounts on your server published - boosts are exlcuded. This can be very interesting on themed instances.
The federated timeline shows posts from the whole Fediverse as your server knows it. It includes posts from every account your server was introduced to either by someone following or successfully searching from your server.
==Fediverse==
See also the article 
Mastodon is just one part of the Fediverse.
On Mastodon, all content looks like it originated from Mastodon, but many posts may originate from other parts of the Fediverse.
All of these different services in the Fediverse can communicate with Mastodon and each other.
It works similar to email. You can write to someone who has gmail from an icloud account, for example.
Besides microblogging there are services for picture-blogging, music, podcast, books and so on.
See also Fediverse replacements for traditional social media platforms
==Pixelfed==
See also 
It works similar to Mastodon, but the interface looks more like Instagram than Twitter and you can only post and see picture posts.
Some special features include the ability to add license information for your media and adding your posts to collections.
Users from Mastodon or other parts of the Fediverse, who follow Pixelfed-Accounts won't see the license information or collections though.
==Funkwhale==
See also 
A Fediverse service for freely-licensed audio (music, podcasts, radios, ...).
The flagship instance is open.audio.
You can browse audio by hashtags, albums, artists, playlists, ...
==Lemmy==
See also: 
Lemmy is the "reddit" of the Fediverse together with . So it's a content aggregator service that can be used like a forum.
You can find a list of instances here: https://join-lemmy.org/instances 
You can follow and take part in Lemmy discussions from other parts of the Fediverse.
==What is BookWyrm==
See also: 
A Fediverse software for book cataloguing.
You can upload books or select some from the catalogue, add your status about the book (started reading, finished reading etc.) and write reviews.
You can view the same info if you e.g. follow the BookWyrm account on Mastodon.
There is no federated/local feed, just your home feed, so you have to follow other people to see posts other than yours.
Example instance: bookwyrm.social
==Questions from participants of the workshops==
====Will Mastodon/the Fediverse remain niche?====
It grows every time the big commercial platforms f**k up, so it may depend on how big and thorough those are. But because Fediverse is not a centralized platform, everyone and anyone can create their own niches (which may not even be connected to the rest of Fediverse).
 
====How to choose the right server / instance?====
See also 
First think about which service you want to use. Mastodon, Pixelfed, ...
Then think about the size of the server. Very large servers go against the whole idea of decentralization/federation and especially right now they might be overwhelmed from all the new users. Additionally, huge servers are much more attractive target for hackers.
Tiny instances might appear very sleepy and thus making harder for you to discover interesting people to follow, as you have to actively search to find them on other servers.
Then think you should ask yourself what is most relevant for you: sharing a server with people, who share the same special interest, or who are geographically located in the same area or do you want neither and prefer a general interest server.
You can also check-out which servers are most relevant for you, based on your Twitter connections - more on that .
A small selection of helpful server lists:
* 
* fediverse.pary (Themed Servers)
* instances.social - instance picker (check out the advanced mode and sort by interesting details like security quality)
* fediverse.observer - filterable list of all servers
* DE: Deutschsprachige Mastodon Instanzen
====How do you find a trustworthy instance?====
Generally you can check the instance rules to see if the instance is well moderated, but some instances may have good rules, abut the admins and mods don't enforce them well.
One indicator for good moderation is a long blocklist of instances. You can see that under domain.tld/more.
You can see a list of instances that you definitely shouldn't join under . These should be blocked by most instances.
====How do you report a post that violates the rules?====
Click on the 3-dot-menu besides the post and select "report".
You'll be asked some questions. E.g. you can select other posts by the user that violate rules.
You can and usually should forward the report to the instance of the author of the toot you are reporting. 
Moderators and admins then can delete the post(s) and/or block the user and/or ignore the report.
====Do Mastodon servers generally have the same technical features or are there relevant differences? If so, can I check this out before joining?====
Most servers will have the same features and limits. Some may have higher limits for e.g. characters in a post (climatejustice.social has 5.000 instead of the usual 500).
The limit for poll options or the number of bio-links may have been adjusted by the admins. But each code change may create problems at every Mastodon update, thus most servers run with the original settings. 
As of right now, there are no listings of Mastodon instances that also include information about deviations concerning features or limits. And instances commonly also do not advertise them on their "/about" pages. Asking around before joining a server, is currently the only way to figure this out.
====How to move to a different instance====
There is a guide in English, German and Japanese and another one in German with screenshots here.
====How to find people on other services?====
You usually need to know someones full handle (@profile@server.name) or their profile's URL. Both can then be used to find them with the search function of the service, where you are logged in.
Whether you want to find an account on a different Mastodon server or an account on a different Fediverse service, you always need the same information for your search.
==== How to find other members of niche communities/ people with shared special interests====
You can search for topics or hashtags. The results are clustered as follows: all ⏐ people ⏐ hashtags ⏐ posts. "People" will show you accounts, that have handles or display names containing your search word. "Hashtag" will list hashtags, that start with your word. You can click on each hashtag to see posts containing it. Under "Posts" you will only find those, you have interacted with.
You can also find a server that is dedicated to the topic you are interested in (e.g. ) and find people on the "/discover page" of each server (only Mastodon servers).
====How to find people you know from Twitter====
Такие инструменты, как fedifinder , debirdify или twitodon могут собрать информацию об учетной записи каждого, на кого вы подписаны в Twitter, для учетных записей Fediverse. Вы можете загрузить результаты в виде csv-файла и загрузить его через "настройки >> импорт" в свою учетную запись.
Вы также можете использовать debirdify для создания и загрузки списков с информацией об аккаунтах Fediverse для аккаунтов Twitter, которые вы ранее заблокировали или отключили.
Debirdyfy также показывает вам, какие серверы/инстансы наиболее релевантны для вас, основываясь либо на аккаунтах Twitter, на которые вы подписаны, либо на тех, кто подписан на вас.
Упростите своим знакомым в Twitter поиск вас в Fediverse, добавив информацию о вашем аккаунте в свой профиль в Twitter. Вы можете либо адаптировать свое отображаемое имя, добавить его в описание в своей биографии, либо в качестве ссылки в биографии. Пользователи программы чтения с экрана предпочитают, чтобы вы не меняли отображаемое имя на длинную информацию о Fediverse, поскольку это влияет на их пользовательский опыт, так как это удлиняет звуковую часть каждого твита.
==== Как лучше всего обмениваться аудио, картинками и фильмами? ====
As seen in the graphic above, there are specialized Fediverse services for multimedia sharing. An example: If you often want to share your videos, especially if they exceed Mastodon's file limit of 40 MB, it is better to use . You can then use the link of your PeerTube video to create your Mastodon post. Using a PeerTube link will not impact how other users can engage with your video content.
 
If you want to share video from Youtube, you should create a tracker-free link, because many Fediverse users do not want to share their data with big tech companies. You can use invidious.snopyta.org or another invidious instance to create such a link.
====Is it sensible to have several accounts, so for Mastodon, Pixelfed, Peertube, etc.? And how to connect them?====
It can make sense to have more than one account on different services, especially if you want to share different media.
You can use the same handle and display name for very account, but each full handle will be different, so e.g. @PaulaToThePeople@climatejustice.social (Mastodon) and @PaulaToThePeople@climatejustice.video (Peertube).
While you can link from one profile to the other in each accounts meta date, they will always remain separate accounts.
====Are there special servers for governmental accounts?====
There are:
*social.bund.de for Germany (invite only)
*EU Voice for the European Union
*more will probably come...
==Slide-ins==
====Account verification====
There is no official verification system in the Fediverse like on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram. But there are indicators, that help to access how legit an account is:
* If the account belongs to an official invite only server, for example to one of the government servers mentioned above, they had to verify themselves to create their account on those servers
*Each Mastodon account can create verified links to their official website
**To verify yourself as the owner of a link in your profile metadata, the linked website must contain a link back to your Mastodon profile. The link back must have a rel="me" attribute. The text content of the link does not matter.
**As anyone can set up fake websites and then successfully create a verified connection between such a fake site and their Mastodon profile, it is not 100 percent reliable.
**It is helpful to check for the following: If you click the Mastodon verified link, does its URL in your browser exactly match the URLs that you may find through their officially verified accounts on a different platform? Do other links from other reliable sources like news media match exactly? Or in cases where real life products featured their URL, does it match exactly with their Mastodon link?
====Accessibility====
*To share your content inclusively on Mastodon, ad a description to every video or picture/graphic you post. A good description is short but includes all necessary information, so someone unable to see does not miss out on what it is you want to share through your video or picture.
*The fediverse service Glitch-Soc has a feature where you can see red boarders around pictures or videos without alt text.
*There is also a bot @PleaseCaption@botsin.space that reminds you privately, if you the media in your posts lack a description.
====Deleted posts====
"The internet doesn't forget and the Fediverse can't forget."
Because servers have to crawl each other for content, a deleted post may still be visible to users on servers. If they engage with the post after you have deleted it, you may not even see this in your notifications because by deleting it, you have severed your account's connection to it.
== Further Reading ==