PMG Photographic Processes

Page Information	Page Information
Date initiated: 	January 2010
Contributors: 	Amy Brost, Luisa Casella, Tatiana Cole, Kim R. DuBoise, Lisa Duncan, Monique Fischer, Saori Kawasumi Lewis, Amanda Maloney, Alejandra Mendoza, Elsa Thyss, Laura Wahl, Stephanie Watkins
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==Photographic Process Identification==
Many photographic materials look similar, yet the chemistry behind them varies greatly. "Without detailed knowledge and understanding of the photographic processes used in making a given photograph, it is extremely difficult to determine the environmental conditions needed for the photograph’s long-term preservation, as well as the maximum light levels that should not be exceeded during display or exhibition. A detailed knowledge of the process chemistry, the processing and post-processing treatment, and the potential deterioration pathways is also needed when developing conservation and preservation treatments". 
Stulik, Dusan C. and Art Kaplan. 2013. The Atlas of Analytical Signatures of Photographic Processes. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute..
"The identification of photographs and photographic processes based solely on visual and microscopic inspection of photographs can be used to answer more than 75% of identification questions successfully". .
===Process Identification methodologies===
====Graphics Atlas ====
The Graphics Atlas from Image Permanence Institute presents a Photographic Process Identification Methodology and Controlled Vocabulary that analyzes the key identifying features of each photographic process. By observing and identifying the characteristics of each photograph, the unique combination of features leads you to a correct identification. 
These key identifying features in this methodology are divided into three groups: 
1. Object View
* Primary Support
* Image: Color/Tone, Quality
* Formats/Mounting
* Finishing Techniques
* Deterioration Characteristics
* Information Written or Printed on Object
2. Surface View
* Surface Sheen
* Surface Texture
* Deterioration Characteristics
3. Magnification 
* Image Structure
* Layer Structure
* Deterioration Characteristics
==== The Atlas of Analytical Signatures of Photographic Processes ====
The Atlas of Analytical Signatures of Photographic Processesby Dusan Stulik and Art Kaplan is intended for professionals that may need to identify more unusual photographs and that may have access to analytical techniques to study them. It provides identification information in terms of: 
1. Visual Signatures
* Visual Characteristics
* Microscopic Characteristics
2. Analytical Signatures
* XRF
* FTIR
* Other Analytical Signatures relevant to each process
CAMEO of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, contains information and representative images of various photographic materials, including a short reference list. 
Gawain Weaver compiled a useful controlled vocabulary of photographic processes that includes a list of synonyms and specific products associated with photographic processes.
== Photographic Process Chronologies ==
=== Chronology of Flexible Films ===
==Photographic Processes List==
The list of photographic processes below is modeled after Bertrand Lavédrine's organizational structure, with permission.
The pages linked below aim to offer a baseline knowledge of photographic processes from a Photograph Conservator's perspective, and list links particularly relevant for the preservation and conservation of those materials.
=== Positives on Metal See also Cased Photographs===
==== Heliograph ==== 
==== Daguerreotype ==== 
==== Tintype ==== 
=== Positives on Glass See also Preservation of Glass in Photographic Materials===
==== Ambrotype: Positive Collodion See also Cased Photographs====
==== Crystoleum ====
==== Color Screen Processes ====
==== Lantern Slides ====
==== Opalines, Opaltypes, Opalotypes ====
=== Positives on Plastic===
==== Dye Diffusion Processes====
==== Holograms====
=== Positives on Paper===
==== Albumen====
==== Lightly Albumenized Salt Print====
==== Bromoil, Oil-Pigment====
==== Carbon====
==== Carbro, Ozotype, Anthrakotype, Ozobrome====
==== Chrystotype====
==== Collodion-Chloride Printing-Out Paper (POP) ====
==== Crayon Portraits, Solar Enlargements and Painted Photographs see also Treatment of Crayon Portraits ====
==== Cyanotype, Blueprint, Pellet Print, Argyrotype====
==== Dye Transfer or Dye Imbibition ====
==== Gelatin Printing-Out Paper (POP) ====
==== Gum Bi/Dichromate====
==== Platinum, Palladium====
==== Silver Gelatin Developing-Out (DOP), Resin Coated (RC), Photostat====
==== Uranium Prints====
==== VanDyke Brown, Kallitype, Brown Print, Sepia Print, Ferro-Gallic, Argentotype, Agyrotype====
=== Mechanically Printed Positives on Paper===
==== Collotype====
==== Letterpress/Half-tone====
==== Photogravure (etching)====
==== Woodburytype See also Carbon====
=== Mechanically Printed Positives on Paper or Plastic===
==== Computer-generated digital-sourced print See also Digital Prints====
=== Negatives on Paper===
==== Albumen Negatives====
==== Salted Paper Negatives====
==== Photogenic Drawings, Salted Paper Prints, and Calotype Prints====
=== Negatives on Glass See also Preservation of Glass in Photographic Materials===
==== Collodion Negative See also Cased Photographs====
==== Gelatin Dry-plate Negative====
==== Lantern Slides====
=== Negatives on Plastic Film===
==== Color negatives on plastic support See also Preservation of Traditional Color Photographic Materials ====
==== Black and white negatives on plastic support====
=== Mechanically Printed Negatives on Paper or Plastic===
==== Computer-generated digital-sourced print See also Digital Prints====
==References==
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Category:Photographic Materials
Category:Photographic Processes