Hypergamy

In scientific literature, hypergamy refers to marrying up in socioeconomic status. It can refer to either men or women, but it is more commonly observed in women. 
In the manosphere, the term hypergamy is used more broadly for marrying or dating up and it sometimes refers to dating up relative to a woman's previous partner or relative to other males available, not just herself or the social standing of her family,https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Male-Rollo-Tomassi/dp/1492777862 and it sometimes refers to female mate preferences for socioeconomic status or for the activity of whoring for resources and related instances of female sneakiness. Women are thought to incite one another's hypergamy.
Women's hypergamy is mainly a result of their higher choosiness, higher uniformity of sexual desire, and men's higher sex drive and promiscuity. These differences are thought to have evolved from higher parental investment on part of the female.Mogielnicki C, Pearl K. 2020. Hominid sexual nature. [Article]
As a result of these differences, men have fewer alternative mating options available to them, so they more readily make compromises and date down.https://assets.csom.umn.edu/assets/71503.pdf Women's preference for high status men ties into the natural hierarchical social organization found in humans.
==Causes of hypergamy==
=== Choosy, dependent women ===
Historically, women had to invest more into their offspring than men because pregnancy used to be physically risky,The maternal death rate used to be 1 in 100 births, but in modern societies it is around 10 / 100,000, so a hundred times lower. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_death#cite_note-47 and by virtue of having a womb, women had more natural responsibility over children.
As a result, women evolved to be choosy and coy and they specialized in childcare and extracting resources from men. This dependency can to some extent also be observed in our closest primate relatives with the males sometimes sharing their food with their mate and their offspring.
The amount of resources men provide is quite extreme compared to most animals and unique among primates, with men providing twice as much calories in hunter-gatherers than women and exclusively providing the more nutrient dense meat from hunting, which men used to get mating opportunities and invest into offspring and their mate ever since.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277Xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513810000279https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#In_hunter-gatherers.2C_men_use_meat_to_obtain_mating_opportunities_and_to_invest_in_mates_and_offspring The importance of resources to women is apparent even in egalitarian societies such as the Ache and the Sharanahua, where the best hunters are able to attract the most sexual partners,https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bbf7/77fbe21100d32ebd55a41b65de7151628235.pdf (Cashdan 1996)
and also in modern societies, women disdain qualities in men that signal inability to accrue resources, such as lack of ambition (d = 1.38).https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Buss/publication/15471658_Psychological_Sex_Differences_Origins_Through_Sexual_Selection/links/0deec5181791b421a4000000.pdf
As men are held more responsible economically, more men than women are expected to completely fail in life due to Matthew effects. As women avoid such loser males due to their thirst for resources and status in men, it means women tend to date up.
=== Principle of least interest ===
In unregulated dating markets and even though physically weaker, women turn out to be the chief sexual selectors and gatekeepers of sex due to the principle of least interest: When an activity depends on mutual agreement, the person with the least interest decides the terms of that activity.Waller & Hill, 1951 This is because the person with the most interest has fewer options, thus they more likely compromise than the other party to reach an arrangement. Women desire initiating sex with a partner of average attractiveness much less than men.https://www.sciencefriday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gender-differences-in-receptivity-to-sexual-offers.pdfhttps://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men_like_61.9.25_of_female_profiles.2C_women_like_only_4.5.25_of_male_profiles Thus, most men have few mating options and hence more likely make compromises in order to get any sex at all.https://assets.csom.umn.edu/assets/71503.pdf
Making compromises means dating down, which in turn means women date up.
=== Pussy cartel ===
In terms of sexual economics theory, women sexually commodify themselves with a certain exchange value whenever they sexually reject or accept men based on their resources.
Sex then becomes a resource itself that men can purchase by amassing a broad array of valued goods, including non-monetary resources such as fame and competence.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277X
Women compete in "selling high" by strategically withholding sex, thereby increasing men's sexual frustration, thus inflating the "price" of sex and baiting men into engaging in more committed resource provision, even when there is an abundance of resources in society. Women are also believed to slut-shame one another to maintain the value of sex, as sex given away for free lowers the value of sex, which reduces women's leverage over men.Baumeister & Twenge, 2002 In this manner, women collude, forming pussy cartels, and inciting one another's hypergamy. By having men work for them, women become a leisure class.
=== Polygamy ===
Humans and most pan are moderately polygynous species, meaning that some males monopolize multiple females. In fact, the vast majority (84.6%) of historical societies had at least some polygynous marriages.Grey, JP. 1998. Ethnographic Atlas Codebook, derived from George P. Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas recording the marital composition of 1231 societies from 1960 to 1980. [Article] Assuming there was no significant shortage of men, polygyny meant high status men drew from the mate pool of men of equal or lower status men than themselves. Thus, lower status men went empty-handed or were urged to date less desirable women still available, so their female equals could date up on average, i.e. could marry hypergamously. As polygyny was a highly prevalent mode of mating in human history, one would expect mate preferences to evolve in human females that make use of opportunities to marry up and polygynously, that is, along with already mentioned selection pressures from women's need to get resources (resource dependence) and to be protected as the physically and emotionally weaker sex (bodyguard hypothesis).
== Relation to female submission ==
Female hypergamy is related to ancient courtship adaptations in which pair formation only succeeds when the male is able to dominate the female, a behavior that can be observed in many reptiles, birds, and mammals.Eibl-Eibesfeldt I. 1989. Pair Formation, Courtship, Sexual Love. In: Human Ethology. Rougtledge. [Excerpt]Eibl-Eibesfeldt I. 1990. Dominance, Submission, and Love: Sexual Pathologies from the Perspective of Ethology. In: Feierman, J. R. (ed.): Pedophilia. Biosocial Dimensions. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990 151-175. [Abstract] In the ancient context, power was largely decided by brute force, whereas in modern humans it is more about resources. Modern resource hypergamy can, hence, be seen as a more k-selected version of the ancient testing for physical power. Analogously, there is resource-defense and mate-defense polygyny.https://www.jstor.org/stable/3565861 Human females still appear to use the same adaptations of sexual submission (lordosis posture) from the mate-defense context to attain access to resources in the modern resource-defense context, e.g. by wearing high heels.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40806-017-0123-7
== Women want poor men to die in a fire ==
Women's behavior in online dating is particularly useful for revealing their preference for dating up and against dating down: One study showed female users 'like' male user profiles with a higher education status than their own twice as often when compared to a profile with equal education status, and they like user profiles with lower status only half as often.https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Men_like_61.9.25_of_female_profiles.2C_women_like_only_4.5.25_of_male_profiles
The IFS found women are twice as likely to marry up in income when they marry down in education.https://ifstudies.org/blog/better-educated-women-still-prefer-higher-earning-husbands
In the Swedish top 1% income bracket, 70% of men, but only 30% of women, are partnered with someone in the bottom 90% bracket.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004727271930177X Job promotion increases the likelihood of a relationship breakup more in women than in men.http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp1146.pdf
According to a study by Guanlin Wang, women are 1,000 times pickier about a potential partner's wealth than men. The authors of the study speculate that women's preference for affluent men poses a barrier in encouraging males to adopt a low-consumption lifestyle and thus a barrier in solving ecological crises.https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_are_1.2C000x_more_sensitive_than_men_to_economic_status_cues_when_rating_attractiveness
Women also rate men with cues of wealth (e.g. presentation of luxury goods) as more sexually attractive, while men don't care about this when rating women.http://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.12.2014.1.1
People pay more attention to photos of men with high status attire, but not to women with high status attire.https://incels.wiki/w/Dominance_hierarchy#Eye_contacthttps://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_.28and_men.29_pay_more_attention_to_high_status_men.2C_not_high_status_women
Men's social status also accounts for 62% of the variance of frequency of copulation opportunities (though it is less related to men's reproductive success).https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00029939
Men's income was found to be positively correlated with their partner's orgasms and negatively with sexlessness.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513808001177https://cnnespanol2.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/polletandnettle-orgasms.pdf?attredirects=1
Women's promotion increased the risk of divorce,http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp1146.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0968-7
and aversion to having the wife earn more than the husband explains 29% of the decline in marriage rates over the last thirty years.https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv001
Women dating up in education and socioeconomic status is a robust pattern across many online dating studies.https://boris.unibe.ch/72034/1/paper_HICCS_final(1).pdf See table 4
One study found that while relationship quality was negatively associated with the woman earning more, they did not find power differentials (in terms of income or education) to affect the likelihood of women's divorce initiation,https://web.stanford.edu/~mrosenfe/Rosenfeld_gender_of_breakup.pdf
however, reported relationship quality generally is not very predictive of divorce risk.Vaughan’s (1990)
Evidently, men with a relatively lower socioeconomic compared to women's status is regarded as red flag even though there is no risk of starvation in modern Western welfare states. In the wild, men with lower status than women would likely be complete failures, but today, this can be explained by women having been artificially elevated into a higher social status and/or that men have been left behind, which can be regarded as an evolutionary mismatch.
File:Womens orgasms based on male wealth.PNG
File:Okcupidincomepill.png|Source OkCupid.https://theblog.okcupid.com/the-big-lies-people-tell-in-online-dating-a9e3990d6ae2?gi=40665f8d2354 [Archive.is]
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== Intensifying hypergamy ==
=== Rising male sexlessness ===
Substantial evidence of increased hypergamy is the rise of inceldom, which affects both sexes, but men more than women.https://incels.wiki/w/Demographics_of_inceldom#Growth_in_Numbers
The share of men under 30 who aren't having sex has possibly tripled in the past decade according to the Washington Post using data from the General Social Survey.https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/03/29/share-americans-not-having-sex-has-reached-record-high/?utm_term=.9b52429c7136
More evidence is that the top 5-20% of men are having more sex than ever before. The data from the 2002 and 2011–2013 National Survey of Family Growth, a US household survey focusing on sexual and reproductive health can demonstrate this.https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#The_top_5-20.25_of_men_.28ie._.22Chads.22.29_are_now_having_more_sex_than_ever_beforeHarper CR, Dittus PJ, Leichliter JS, Aral, SO. Changes in the Distribution of Sex Partners in the United States: 2002 to 2011–2013
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: February 2017 - Volume 44 - Issue 2 - p 96–100. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000554
https://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/2017/02000/Changes_in_the_Distribution_of_Sex_Partners_in_the.5.aspxhttps://incels.is/threads/science-confirms-compared-to-last-decade-women-putting-out-only-for-chad.42066/
The researchers found that compared to 2002, men overall had the same number of partners in 2013. However, the top 20% of men had a 25% increase in sexual partners. The top 5% of men had an outstanding 38% increase in the number of sexual partners.
Thus while the amount of male sex that was had was unchanged, more of the sex was consolidated into extra sex for the top 5-20% of men (i.e., "Chads"). Thus Chads are truly having more sex than ever before. Below are direct quotes from the study:
* Although we found no change in median numbers of sex partners [for men], we found significant increases in the numbers of sex partners reported by the top 5% and 20%.
* We found an overall statistically significant increase in reported lifetime opposite-sex sex partners overall for men in the top 20% from 12 in 2002 to 15 in 2011–2013 (95% CIs, 11–14 and 15–15, respectively).
* Similarly, there was a statistically significant overall increase in reported lifetime partners for men in the top 5% from 38 in 2002 to 50 in 2011–2013 (95% CIs, 30–40 and 50–50, respectively).
=== Women surpassing men ===
There are indications that both male and female inceldom is partially born from college educated women and the like.
Technology and liberalism have allowed more women to enter the workforce and surpass men in educational and socioeconomic status, hence rendering more men unattractive to women due to women's hypergamous preference to date up.
This has possibly resulted in an increase in male inceldom, but also female singlehood, in fact high status women are frequently observed to prefer singlehood over dating down.https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6004239/High-flying-career-women-refusing-marry-despite-struggling-Mr-Right.htmlhttps://www.edge.org/response-detail/26747https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill_(Supplemental)#Women_lose_mating_opportunities_with_higher_status.2C_men_gain_mating_opportunitieshttps://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv001https://fee.org/articles/why-single-women-are-way-more-likely-to-own-a-home-than-single-men/https://newsroom.wiley.com/press-release/journal-marriage-and-family/do-unmarried-women-face-shortages-partners-us-marriage-marhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12603 What is more, women more readily continue to provide sex in a long-term relationship when they are economically dependent on the man,https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_rapidly_lose_interest_in_sex_once_in_a_stable_relationship_or_living_with_a_man which may suggest they hand out sex to ensure continued investment. Independent women have thus less need to give sex to anyone and may refrain from sex entirely. As such, their unusual independence poses an evolutionary mismatch.
This is not only bad for men, but also for women, as they too suffer from more loneliness and sexual deprivationhttps://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Health when strong men who sexually satisfy them become rarer, since clearly not all women then can find a satisfying partner and rather stay lonely. In fact, women have become less orgasmic with the sexual revolution,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319414654_An_Evolutionary_Perspective_on_Orgasm which may be due to a lower prevalence of strong, confident men who mog them regarding income.
Buss et al. summarized women's tendencies to switch mates when rising in social status:
=== Online dating and social media ===
Sexually frustrated men and the abundance of them in online dating and social media, likely also intensify hypergamy: Frustrated men aim down more, which inflates women's self-esteem and gives them hope of securing a mate with exceptional high mate value, so they become even more choosy and date up more or show which creates even more sexually starved men, forming a loop.https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601909/how-tinder-feedback-loop-forces-men-and-women-into-extreme-strategies/
Growing economic inequality and decreasing economic growth likely have the same effect as fewer men can attain reliable high status, which is what women go for.https://journals.openedition.org/chs/737http://ftp.iza.org/dp4456.pdfhttps://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_sexualize_themselves_online_to_attract_high_status_mates
=== Marriages are falling apart ===
There are other indications of intensified hypergamy besides the rise of singlehood and sexlessness, namely less stable relationships.
With the decline of marriage norms, greater acceptance of polygamyhttps://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/214601/moral-acceptance-polygamy-record-high-why.aspx and divorce laws that greatly benefit women, women more readily jump ship when a better man is available. This can be seen in women initiating divorces more often than men and a closing gender gap in infidelity,http://www.fincham.info/papers/2017-infidelity.pdf despite the fact that men oppose their partner's infidelity much more strongly.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2196146/Why-affairs-unforgivable-Six-women-forgive-partner-strayed-twice.htmlhttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691617698225 Women appear to have a fundamental anxiety about not having made the ideal partner choice in terms of wealth and power and no-fault divorce laws and other institutions and norms that facilitate mate switching satisfy this female desire.
=== Cock Carousel ===
The increase in single motherhood, and a higher rate of childless men,https://sciencenorway.no/childlessness-fathers-forskningno/a-quarter-of-norwegian-men-never-father-children/1401047 likely also points to hypergamy as a minority of men engages in serial monogamy (i.e. remarries often) which is de facto polygamy. Single motherhood may also come from riding the "cock carousel" too much. Young women chase the 666 rule and then turn bitter when they have to settle with an ugly betabux, and so end up lonely with their kids. The fact that they've been "pumped and dumped" is evidence that these women have aimed excessively high and carelessly, i.e. that their high SMV men lost interest due to their plentiful better options (backburners), especially after the woman hits the wall. Women are known to turn bitter towards other men once rejected by a high SMV man.https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Women_bitterly_reject_unattractive_men_after_facing_rejection_themselves_by_an_attractive_man
== Sexual inequality ==
=== 80/20 Rule ===
The 80/20 rule, or "Pareto principle", comes from economics and refers to the observation that inequality often approaches a distribution where the 20% richest own 80% of the wealth due to the Matthew effect, i.e. due to success breeding success and the unsuccessful tending to find themselves in a downward spiral. In case of the sexual market, wealth means the number of sex partners.
Pareto used his laws in attempts to prove that social darwinism was necessary to "eliminate" undesirables (which he referred to as "toxins").http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue80/Flomenhoft80.pdfhttps://books.google.com/books?id=zg91TAIs6bgC&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq="which+will+promptly+perish+if+prevented+from+eliminating+toxins" However, these laws have yet to be proven unchanging or inevitable. In other words, the "80/20" rule is a certain model of how inequality can manifest, but it does not prove that things will always be as severely unequal. Some economists, take less extreme positions and merely use such models to argue that some inequality is inevitable.https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-inequality-inevitable/
Many incels perceive their inceldom to be caused by the 20% most dominant men hoarding 80% of the females, which is a somewhat exaggerated view of the facts, except perhaps for a few subcultures and online dating platforms with very unequal sexual markets. For this reason, many incels rather use 80/20 as a meme to warn of the damaging effects of our current dating scene and increased competitiveness in online dating, knowing reality may not be as unequal (yet).
An internal OkCupid study from 2009 revealed that women irrationally evaluate 80% of men, brave enough to show their mug on a public website, as below medium (below 5/10).https://theblog.okcupid.com/your-looks-and-your-inbox-8715c0f1561e?gi=5b9f2efd0843 [Archive.is]
Many people mistook this as evidence of 80/20 in the sex market, but the 80 figure is just coincidental, and it actually is only evidence of female choosiness and coyness without information how look ratings convert into sexual success. OkCupid deleted this study after the Alek Minassian attack, which some incels understood as attempt to hide or downplay substantial inequalities in the sexual market, and hence evidence of their existence.
Besides the share of wealth of the top 20%, another measure of inequality is the GINI coefficient which measures how much the distribution of wealth deviates from equal distribution with a GINI of 0 meaning equal distribution.
A study analyzing GINI coefficients in human relationships found that “single men have a higher Gini coefficient (.536) than single women (.470). Thus, female sexual partners are more unequally distributed among single men than male sexual partners are among single women”.https://contexts.org/blog/who-has-how-many-sexual-partners/
This roughly corresponds to the top 20% men having 60% of the sex, so 60/20, and 56/20 for women i.e. less extreme than 80/20, in the general population at least.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution#Lorenz_curve_and_Gini_coefficient
Mark Regnerus estimated the distribution to be 70/20 for men older than 25.https://books.google.de/books?id=928uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86&lpg=PA86&dq=%22Pareto+would+be+proud,+or+nearly+so%22&source=bl&ots=jErxDCkmJ4&hl=en&sa=X#v=onepage&q=%22Pareto%20would%20be%20proud%2C%20or%20nearly%20so%22&f=false Data from GSS also suggests it is around 68/20 for men and a bit less unequal, 59/20 for women.
A study found that Tinder's GINI coefficient for men was comparable with the income inequality of third-world countries (see chart below).https://medium.com/@worstonlinedater/tinder-experiments-ii-guys-unless-you-are-really-hot-you-are-probably-better-off-not-wasting-your-2ddf370a6e9a
A data scientist for Hinge reported on the Gini coefficients he had found in his company’s abundant data, treating “likes” as the equivalent of income. He reported that heterosexual females faced a Gini coefficient of 0.324, while heterosexual males faced a much higher Gini coefficient of 0.542. While the situation for women is something like an economy with some poor, some middle class, and some millionaires, the situation for men is closer to a world with a small number of super-billionaires surrounded by huge masses who possess almost nothing. According to the Hinge analyst:
Sexologist Kristin Spitznogle regards the slightly higher inequality among men as evidence of Bateman's principle in modern western societies.https://resett.no/2018/06/29/menn-i-ufrivillig-solibati/ In ancient societies, the sexual markets were likely stacked much more against men, with men only reproducing half as often as women and men outnumbering women 1:10 in the lowest social classes (see the quote by Orwell below). More inequality in reproductive success among men has been found in 94% of human societies that were considered in a 2009 study.Brown, G.R., Laland, K.N. and Mulder, M.B. 2009. Bateman's principles and human sex roles. [FullText]
Matthew effects operating on sexual success, and skewing the distribution of sex to be unequal, especially in case of males, is evidenced by the fact that, cross-culturally, male sex havers are regarded as winners and male virgins as losers.https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=senior_comm The reverse applying to women is known as the "double standard" in mating. Men's sexual success is also more tied to their socioeconomic standing as discussed in this article, and this in turn is also known to be subject to Matthew effects.
File:tinder.jpg
File:again.png
== George Orwell on hypergamy ==
The famous English writer and socialist, George Orwell, poignantly wrote about male poverty and homelessness frequently being concomitant with inceldom due to female hypergamy, in his famous novel about the underclass, Down and Out in Paris and London:
== Meme gallery ==
File:Hypergamy0.jpg
File:Hypergamy12.jpg|Even prostitutes have standards these days
File:Bigbang.jpg|Women are more valuable no matter what
File:Lsjfkt4wnun11.jpg
File:HypergamyPill.jpg|See Wizard and Beta uprising.
== References ==
== See also ==
*Orgasms for resources
*Princess syndrome
*Unicorn women
*Blackpill
*Romance
*Hinge
*Juggernaut law
*Wagecuck
*Hypogamy
*Anna Bey
*Sexual realism
*666 dating rule
*Sow Believers - 母豬教
*Metthew effect
*Hypergamy models
category:Hypergamy
category:Theories
Category:Blackpill
Category:Science