Attribution Theory

== Acronym ==
N/A 
== Alternate name(s)==
N/A 
== Main dependent construct(s)/factor(s)==
Behavior, Affect & Expectancy 
== Main independent construct(s)/factor(s) ==
Information, Beliefs & Motivation
== Concise description of theory ==
Attribution theory is the study of the process by which people associate causes to events and the outcomes that they experience (Kelley and Michela 1980). This association is termed as perceived causation and the outcomes are termed as consequences of such perception. A major goal of the attributional process is to understand, organize, and form meaningful perspectives about outcomes and to predict and control them with appropriate behavior. 
There are mainly two kinds of attributions: internal attribution & external attribution. Internal attribution refers to interpreting a person’s behavior caused due to internal characteristic such as altruism, motivation, etc., whereas external attribution refers to interpreting behavior caused due to external characteristic such as cohesion, compliance, etc., 
Any kind of attribution will have the antecedents (Information, Beliefs, or Motivation), the attribution (perceived cause) and the consequences (behavior, affect or expectancy). It is with an antecedent the subject forms an attribution (could be either internal or external) that leads to the consequences.
== Diagram/schematic of theory ==
N/A
== Originating author(s) ==
Fritz Heider
== Seminal articles ==
Heider, G. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. Journal of Psychology, 21., 107-112. 
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley 
Kelley HH (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (University of Nebraska Press) pp. 192–240 
Shaver, Kelly G. (1970). "Defensive Attribution: Effects of Severity and Relevance on the Responsibility Assigned for an Accident". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 14 (2): 101–113. 
Pettigrew (1979). "The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 5 (4): 461–476. doi:10.1177/014616727900500407. 
Kelley HH, Michela JL (1980) Attribution theory and research. Annu Rev Psychol 31:457–501 
Kunda, Ziva (1999), Social Cognition: Making Sense of People. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 
Swanson SR, Kelley SW (2001) Attributions and outcomes of the service recovery process. J Mark Theory Pract 9(4):50 
== Originating area ==
Social Psychology
== Level of analysis ==
Individual
== IS articles that use the theory ==
Kelley, Helen; Compeau, Deborah; and Higgins, Chris, "Attribution Analysis of Computer Self-Efficacy" (1999). AMCIS 1999 Proceedings. 270. http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis1999/270 
Pan, G. Pan, S. L. and Newman, M. (2007), Information systems project post‐mortems: Insights from an attribution perspective. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci., 58: 2255-2268. doi:10.1002/asi.20693 
Snead, K. C.; Magal, S. R.; Christensen, L. F. & Ndede-Amadi, A. A. Attribution Theory: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Information Systems Success, Systemic Practice and Action Research, volume 28,3, 273-288, doi: 10.1007/s11213-014-9328-x 
Standing, C., Guilfoyle, A., Lin, C. and Love, P. (2006), "The attribution of success and failure in IT projects", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 106 No. 8, pp. 1148-1165. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570610710809 
Pan, Gary and Flynn, Donal, "Why Information Systems Project Postmortems Fail: An Attribution Perspective Based on a Case Study Analysis" (2003). ICIS 2003 Proceedings. 31. http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2003/31 
Henry, John W. and Stone, Robert W. (2001) "The roles of computer self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and attribution theory in impacting computer system use, " Journal of International Information Management: Vol.10: Iss. 1, Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jiim/vol10/iss1/1 
Mark J. Martinko, Robert W. Zmud & John W. Henry (1996) An attributional explanation of individual resistance to the introduction of information technologies in the workplace, Behaviour & Information Technology, 15:5, 313-330, DOI: 10.1080/014492996120085a 
DAVIS, F. D., "A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-User Information Systems: Theory and Results," Doctoral dissertation, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. 
== Links from this theory to other theories ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondent_inference_theory
== External links ==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_(psychology)
== Original Contributor(s) ==
Mukesh Narmetta
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