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Welcome to WarWiki!
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Welcome to WarWiki! We are seeking to build a wiki about all aspects of real warfare. Our intention is to offer information about everything related to warfare — from weapons and famous warriors to the World Wars.
Be bold in your edits, adding content and information that you believe others will want to know about.
But please also remember to collaborate with others, be friendly, discuss differences of opinion, and be mindful of the work others have done on this project before you got here. Read more...	
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Category:WarWiki
Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda (also al-Qaida or al-Qa'ida or al-Qa'idah) (Arabic: القاعدة‎ al-qāʕida, translation: The Base) is an international alliance of terrorist organizations. Its roots can be traced back to Osama Bin Laden and others around the time of the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989. Al-Qaeda's objectives include the end of foreign influence in Muslim countries and the creation of a new Islamic caliphate.
Category:Organizations
Category:Terrorism
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks on Axis Power Imperial Japan by Allied Power United States of America. On August 6, 1945, "Little Boy" was dropped on Hiroshima followed by another attack on Nagasaki where "Fat Man" was dropped on August 9, 1945. These bombings led to Imperial Japan's surrender. This was the only instance of nuclear warfare ever being used.
Battle of Bint Jbeil

The Battle of Bint Jbeil was one of the main battles during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon Conflict. The battle began on July 24th after two Israeli soldiers were killed by Hezbollah. On July 25th Israelis began bombarding the town. There was a brief period of calm between July 29th and August 6th before fighting ensued until a ceasefire was called on the 11th.
Blitzkrieg

==Blitzkrieg Tactics==
The Blitzkrieg tactic is mostly regarded as the greatest tactic ever used by any army. Blitzkreig in german means literally "Lightning War". So, as you might suspect, it consists of lighting fast attacks. In many forms of the tactic, the attacking army will use its air squadrons and moblie artillery to bombard the target. Then Tanks, Half Tracks will advance forward to the objective, where it causes the enemies army to fall abck into a pocket of defense, where the following infantry will kill the encircled troops. The tanks will keep up the assault until the enemy is drove back to the objective. A good example of this attack is the Battle of Dunkirk, where the German Wermacht, or army, used Blitzkreig tactics to advance upon the British troops. The Blitzkreig tactic was so fast that the British didn't have time to retreat properly, this casued massive casualties of the British troops. 
==Anti-Blitzkreig Tactics==
Later in World War II, the Russians invented a tactic that was very effective over the Germans Blitzkreig tactics. It was developed by many people, but the most renowned person was General Stanisław Maczek who designed the tactic. The tactic consisted of gaining air support, which kept the air bombardments by the Germans immpossible, it also kept the Tanks and Half-Tracks from moving freely. To do this however, the Russians needed a ground attack aircraft that could do the job of destroying tanks from the air. The Russians answer to this was the Ilyushin Il-2, which consisted of a crew of two people (a pilot and a rear gunner), a maximum speed of 257 Mile per hour, an operational range of 450 Miles, and an Armament consisting of two fixed forward-firing 23 mm VYa-23 cannons, two fixed forward-firing 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, one manually aimed 12.7 mm Berezin UBT machine gun the in rear cockpit, and up to 1,320 Pounds of bombs and/or Four RS-82 or RS-132 rockets. These ground attack aircraft were used to combat the German Messerschmitt Bf 109's. This caused the Blitzkreig tactic to become less effective. This tactic paved the way for Americans and British to do the same and keep the Germans from trying attacks of the magnitude of these attacks again.
Causes of the French Revolution

The causes of the French Revolution, the uprising that brought the regime of King Louis XVI to an end, were manifold. France in 1789, although facing some economic (and especially fiscal) difficulties, was one of the richest and most powerful nations in Europe; only in Great Britain and the Netherlands did the common people have more freedom and less chance of arbitrary punishment. At the time Louis XVI called the Estates-General of 1789, he himself was generally popular, even if the nobility and many of the king's ministers were not.
Nevertheless, the ancien régime was brought down, partly by its own rigidity in the face of a changing world, partly by the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants and wage-earners and with individuals of all classes who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. As the revolution proceeded and as power devolved from the monarchy to legislative bodies, the conflicting interests of these initially allied groups would become the source of conflict and bloodshed.
Category:French Revolution
Commander-in-Chief

The Commander-in-Chief is the leader of an army and most of the time the leader of a country. They mainly assign commanders for specific operations and sometimes go onto the battlefield.
== United States Commander-in-Chiefs ==
*George Washington (put down Whiskey Rebellion)
*Abraham Lincoln (during American Civil War)
*Theodore Roosevelt (intervened in Russo-Japanese War and started Panama War)
*Woodrow Wilson (during World War I)
*Franklin D. Roosevelt (during World War II)
*Dwight D. Eisenhower (during Vietnam War)
*John F. Kennedy (during Cuban Missile Crisis)
*George H.W. Bush (during Persian Gulf War)
*George W. Bush (during and still in Iraq War)
== Non-US Commander-in-Chiefs ==
*Adolf Hitler (Germany) (during World War II
*Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) (during World War II)
*Winston Churchill (United Kingdom) (during World War II)
*Saddam Hussein (Iraq) (during Persian Gulf War and halfway into Iraq War)
D-Day

The Normandy Landings were the first operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, also known as Operation Neptune and Operation Overlord, during World War II. The landings commenced on June 6, 1944 (D-Day), beginning at 6:30 British Double Summer Time (H-Hour). In planning, D-Day was the term used for the day of actual landing, which was dependent on final approval. The assault was conducted in two phases: an air assault landing of American, British and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight, and an amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armoured divisions on the coast of France commencing at 6:30. The invasion required the transport of soldiers and materiel from the United Kingdom by troop carrying aircraft and ships, the assault landings, air support, naval interdiction of the English Channel and naval fire-support. There were also subsidiary 'attacks' mounted under the codenames Operation Glimmer and Operation Taxable to distract the Kriegsmarine and the German army from the real landing areas.[3] The operation was the largest single-day amphibious invasion of all time, with 160,000[4] troops landing on June 6, 1944. 195,700[5] Allied naval and merchant navy personnel in over 5,000[4] ships were involved. The landings took place along a 50-mile (80 km) stretch of the Normandy coast divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword.Operation Neptune began on D-Day ( June 6, 1944) and ended on 30 June 1944.
Destroyer

A destroyer is a warship. It is similar to, but is smaller and costs less than a cruiser, but 
larger than a frigate. It is usually used as an escort in battle groups. 
== Roles ==
Destroyers are used to defend larger warships, amphibious, and merchant ships. Destroyers also go independent and bombard enemy shores, participate in search and rescue missions at sea, and support amphibious landings. And as said above, it is usually used as an escort in battle groups.
== History ==
== Armament ==
Destroyers are usually armed with guns, missles, rockets, and torpedos. In rare cases, they have helicopters.
== Destroyers in Navies==
Nation 	Number of Destroyers
U.S.A. 	54
Japan 	42
China 	21
Russia 	17
India 	11
Taiwan 	11
U.K. 	11
South Korea	6
Italy 	4
France 	3
Germany 	2
Egypt 	1
Poland 	1
Romania 	1
 
With only 4 nations operating cruisers, and no navies operating battleships (even though the U.S. maintains two Iowa-class battleships, just in case they need to be re-activated) destroyers are the largest general-use warship (aircraft carriers have one use, carrying aircraft) in commmon use.
== References ==
*World Book Encyclopedia
*Wikipedia
*World Almanac
France

thumb|left|France is in black.
France is a Western European nation. 
== History ==
During the early centuries CE it was a part of the Roman Empire as Gaul. A few centuries later Charlemagne built a large Frankish Empire. Later there was a French kingdom, then there was Napoleon's France. During World War I France was an ally of the United Kingdom and the United States. During World War II France was an ally of the United Kingdom and the United States but was invaded and taken over by Nazi Germany. 
Category:Countries
George W. Thornbrough

Captain George W. Thornbrough (-June 4, 1942) was a U.S. Army Air Forces B-26 Marauder pilot stationed in Alaska during World War II. He was killed in action while returning from a mission to sick a Japanese aircraft carrier that was launching a strike against Dutch Harbor, Alaska.
==Biography==
Captain Thornbrough fought during the Battle of Dutch Harbor in June 1942, bravely attacking a Japanese aircraft carrier that was launching strike aircraft at Dutch Harbor. Although his torpedo struck the carrier, it failed to explode. Captain Thornbrough returned to his airfield to refuel and rearm and then took off to rejoin the fight. The aircraft and entire crew were lost during their return from this mission, when they were unable to land at Cold Bay. The wreckage of Captain Thornbrough's aircraft was found 50 miles (80 km) from Cold Bay on the north side of the Alaska Peninsula the following month. His date of death is recorded as June 4, 1942.
In 1948 the military base Fort Randall, Alaska was renamed Thornbrough Air Force Base in his honor.
==Military decorations==
Captain Thornbrough recieved several military awards during his career including the Purple Heart and Distinguished Service Cross.
===Distinguished service cross citation===
Captain (Air Corps) George W. Thornbrough (ASN: 0-22400), United States Army Air Forces, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (Posthumously) for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a B-26 Medium Bomber in the 73d Bombardment Squadron, 28th Bombardment Group (C), ELEVENTH Air Force, while participating in an air mission on 4 June 1942, against enemy targets in the Territory of Alaska. The personal courage and zealous devotion to duty displayed by Captain Thornbrough on this occasion have upheld the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, the 11th Air Force, and the United States Army Air Forces.
General Orders: Headquarters, Alaska Defense Command, General Orders No. 67 (1942)
==References==
==Further reading==
*The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume One: Plans and Early Operations
*The offensive in the Aleutian Islands
*Thousand-Mile War
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:1942 deaths
Category:American military personnel killed in World War II
Category:United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
Category:Recipients of the Purple Heart medal
Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
HMS Ark Royal

HMS Ark Royal is a name that has been borne by five ships in the British Royal Navy.
* The first Ark Royal was built as Ark Raleigh at Deptford on the River Thames in 1587, to the order of Sir Walter Raleigh. She was bought by Queen Elizabeth's navy for £5,000 ("money well given", according to her new commander, Lord Howard of Effingham) and, as Ark Royal, was the flagship of the English fleet during the Spanish Armada campaign of 1588. In 1608, under the new monarch James I, she was rebuilt and renamed Anne Royal. She was broken up in 1636.
* The second Ark Royal, after a gap of almost 300 years, was a merchant ship converted on the building stocks to be a seaplane carrier and was the world's first aircraft carrier. Built in Blyth, Northumberland, she was launched in 1914, she served in the Dardanelles Campaign and throughout World War I. She was renamed HMS Pegasus in 1934, to free the name Ark Royal for a new ship, and was broken up in 1950.
* The third Ark Royal (91) was launched in 1938, saw action in World War II, and was sunk by the German U-boat U-81 in 1941. She was the first purpose built aircraft carrier, and was built by Cammel Laird and Company, Ltd at Birkenhead, England.
* The fourth Ark Royal (R09) was an Audacious-class fleet aircraft carrier. After starring in the 1970s BBC series "Sailor", she eventually went to the breaker's yard in 1980.
* The fifth Ark Royal (R07) is an Invincible-class aircraft carrier. She served in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
== Battle honours ==
* Spanish Armada 1588
* Cádiz 1596 
* Dardanelles 1915
* Norway 1940 
* Spartivento 1940
* Mediterranean 1940–1941 
* Bismarck 1941
* Malta Convoys 1941
* Iraq 2003
Ark Royal
HMS Ark Royal (1914)

HMS Ark Royal was a Royal Navy ship originally laid down as a merchant vessel but completed in the builder's shipyard as an aircraft carrier, entering service a few months after the outbreak of the First World War. She was renamed HMS Pegasus in 1934.
The Royal Navy had been using a converted cruiser, HMS Hermes, as a seaplane carrier, to conduct trials in 1913. However, another ship was needed, and in 1913 a tramp steamer was purchased whilst under construction at the Blyth Shipbuilding Company in Blyth, Northumberland. This 7,000-ton vessel was converted on the slipway whilst still under construction, to become the first Royal Navy ship to be originally completed as an aircraft carrying vessel, HMS Ark Royal. Seaplane tenders which entered service before Ark Royal, such as HMS Engadine and HMS Hermes had been used for some other purpose before being converted.
Extensive changes to the design were made in converting the ship to a seaplane tender, with propulsion machinery moved aft and a working deck occupying the forward half of the ship. The deck was not originally intended as a flying-off deck, but for starting and running up of seaplane engines and for recovering damaged aircraft from the sea. The ship was equipped with a large aircraft hold, 150 ft long, 45 ft wide and 15 ft high along with workshops. Two 3-ton steam cranes would lift the aircraft through the sliding hatch onto the flight deck or into the water.
She could carry five floatplanes and 2 normal aircraft. The latter would have to return to land after launch, but the seaplanes could take off over the bow and land in the water alongside the carrier, before being lifted back onboard by the cranes. 
On the outbreak of the First World War a number of cross channel ferries were requisitioned and converted as well.
==Service==
The ship spent the war in the Eastern Mediterranean and took part in the Dardanelles campaign from February to May 1915. In January 1918 two of her Sopwith ABC planes attempted to bomb SMS Goeben. 
After the war she operated in the Black Sea, transporting aircraft to Batumi to support White Russian forces fighting the Russian Civil War. She was also used in support of the land campaign in Somalia against the Mad Mullah. During 1920 she assisted the withdrawal of White Russian forces from Crimea. She then returned to Britain and was put into reserve at Rosyth for a refit. 
She was recommissioned in September 1922 to take aircraft out to the Mediterranean during the Chanak crisis, before undergoing another refit at Malta in April 1923.
In December 1934 she was renamed HMS Pegasus to free her name for a new carrier that was then beginning construction. 
HMS Pegasus served in only minor roles during the Second World War, and was sold in December 1946. Work began to convert her into a merchant ship named Anita I, but this was halted and she was broken up for scrap in 1949.
See HMS Ark Royal for other ships of the same name.
==References==
*
==Footnotes==
Ark Royal (1914)
Ark Royal (1914)
Ark Royal (1914)
Hanford Nuclear Plant

Hanford Nuclear Plant was a definitive resistance program, left by some propertiers and national figures from boxing and Oil Corporations venture that was not technically given enough time to work out the astonomical elements and proximity of human error before the housing of the metals ignited from fuel expository and human waste composure.
Thea natural gas that elevated above the Industrial lab of the future which
was ahead of it time in recyclable and bidegradable by-product was left with
the decay of physical properties that only a actual Russian nuclear physicist could have desited the enzyme wich attack the hull of the metal column and seprated the nuclear furnace from the registered gold tracers which left the aluminum ignited for melt down as it reconstructed the fuel and ouil need to keep the core of the planet adjusted.
Lippisch P.20

The Lippisch P.20 was a proposed World War II German fighter aircraft. The P.20 design of April 1943 was an attempt to further develop the rocket-powered Me 163 interceptor into a feasible turbojet powered fighter. 
The design was the final one by Alexander Lippisch whilst working for the Messerschmitt company. The aircraft never left the drawing board.
==Design and development==
The aircraft was externally similar to the Me 163 upon which it was based, although the P.20 was in fact a new design sharing only few parts with the Me 163. The fuselage was deepened accommodating a single Jumo 004 turbojet fed by a low mounted nose intake. The wings were modified in order to house a retractable landing gear and two heavy MK 103 autocannons in the wing roots. They no longer had to hold the C-Stoff fuel tanks but smaller tanks might have been installed to hold jet fuel. The cockpit was moved further aft and upwards leaving room for two MK 108 autocannons and the nose wheel. This wheel probably had to turn 90 degrees to lie flat in order not to disrupt the air flow of the air intake. The raised cockpit gave it a more curved appearance. Also the tail section seems to have been modified. As such the Lippisch P.20 was a new design, yet holding on to the overall concept of the Me 163 design which had resulted in a manoeuvrable and easy-to-fly (glider) aircraft. Maximum speed was calculated at well above 900 kmh with a flight endurance of 40 minutes.Lippisch P.20 - Luft'46 
==See also==
*Lippisch P.15: A later attempt by Lippisch to similarly develop the Me 163. It was a result of Alexander Lippisch inspecting the new Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger aircraft and suggesting some changes. The result was a mix of a He 162 and the Me 163C.
*Focke-Wulf Volksjäger
==References==
==External links==
*Lippisch P.20 von Insider Modellbau - YouTube
*Luft '46 models of the P.20
*Luft '46 Lippisch company page
Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
P.20
Military History of Canada during WWI

When World War I broke out in 1914, all Dominions of the British Empire, including Canada, were called upon by Great Britain to fight on her behalf. Canada's sacrifices and contributions to the war changed its history and enabled it to become more independent, while opening a deep rift between the French and English speaking populations. For the first time in its history, Canadian forces fought as a distinct unit under a Canadian-born commander. Battles such as Vimy Ridge, Second Battle of Passchendaele and the Battle of the Somme are still remembered today by Anglophones as part of Canada's founding myth, to both its identity and culture. Canada's total casualties stood at 67, 000 killed and 173, 000 wounded. These figures are disproportionately high considering Canada's total population of 7 million on the eve of WWI.
Military history of Finland during World War II

Finland was invaded by the USSR in 1940. Although outnumbered a million Soviet troops against 200,000 Finnish troops in just 9 divisions, the Soviets were held back by the Fins, due in part to the extensive Finnish railroad system and ski troops, as well as the low quality and preparedness of Soviet forces. After a few months, however, Finland had to sue for peace in return for losing their provence of Karelia. The Finns allied with Germany for Operation Barbarossa, collaborating with German divisions in Norway. However, they refused to push far into the USSR once they retook their lost land. After the war, Finland was one of the few countries to escape Communist rule.
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, colloquially named after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and signed in Moscow in the early hours of August 24, 1939, but dated August 23. The agreement renounced warfare between the two countries and pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party. Each signatory promised not to join any grouping of powers that was "directly or indirectly aimed at the other party." The Pact is known by a number of different titles. These include the Nazi–Soviet Pact, Hitler–Stalin Pact, German–Soviet Non-aggression Pact and sometimes the Nazi–Soviet Alliance. It remained in effect until June 22, 1941 when Germany executed Operation Barbarossa and invaded the Soviet Union.
In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol dividing the independent countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania into Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence, anticipating "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries' territories. All of these states were subsequently invaded, occupied, or forced to cede territory by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, or both. Only Finland was able to resist and remained an independent democracy.
Category:World War II
Moscow Peace Treaty

The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on March 12, 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on March 21. It marked the end of the 105 day Winter War. The treaty ceded parts of Finland to the Soviet Union. However, it preserved Finland's independence, ending the Soviet attempt to annex the country. The treaty was signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Andrey Zhdanov, Aleksandr Vasilevsky (Soviet Union), Risto Ryti, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa (Finland).
Category:Winter War
Category:Finnish peace treaties
Category:Russian peace treaties