Gandhari dinar

The Gandhari dinar (Arabic: dīnār Gāndhāri) (sign: د.غ or GD; code: GAD) is the currency of Gandhara and the two autonomous republics of Asabiya and Diyafa. Originally, the dinar was the currency of the Gandhari Empire and the Emirate of Gandhara. It is subdivided into 1000 fulūs (Arabic: ; sing. fils).
==Etymology==
The name "dinar" (Arabic: dīnār) was borrowed via the Syriac dīnarā from the Greek δηνάριον (denárion), which derived from the Latin dēnārius, a small silver coin in the Ancient Roman coinage, first minted about 211 BC.
==History==
An early version of the dinar, the gold dinar, was used throughout much of the Islamic world from the 8th century onward. 
The dinar was used alongside silver coins, such as the dirham. In 1715, the Sultan of Gandhara introduced the first regular minting of the dinar in silver, known as the Gandhari dinar. The dinar gradually replaced other silver coin denominations circulating in Gandhara.
In the 19th century the dinar was debased and during the second half of the 19th century the rapidly depreciating paper money predominated in Gandhara's circulation. In 1897, a gold dinar was introduced, marking the change to a gold standard. With the outbreak of World War I, the gold standard peg was dropped and the dinar fell in value, suffering from hyperinflation in the early 1920s. The dinar was redenominated on 1 January 1924, with one new dinar equaling 1000 old dinars.
After the Gandhari Revolution, new series of coins and banknotes were introduced.
==Coins==
Coins are available in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 fulūs, and and dinar. The 1 fils coins ceased to be minted in 1980. It lost its status as legal tender, and the coins were withdrawn from circulation.
Current Gandhari dinar coins	Current Gandhari dinar coins 	Current Gandhari dinar coins
Value 	Description 	Description
Value 	Obverse 	Reverse
5 fulūs 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Wild peony flower
10 fulūs 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Tree of life
25 fulūs 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Dhow
50 fulūs 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Calligraphic rendition of the Basmala
100 fulūs 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Sun and four five-pointed stars
dinar 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Mosque
dinar 	Value, motif, year of minting, (English: Arab Republic of Gandhara)	Khaju Bridge in Rhea
==Banknotes==
Banknotes are issued in eight different denominations: 1, , 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 dinars. The banknotes have different sizes to prevent forgery, and each denomination depicts a geographical site or architectural feature of Gandhara.
Current Gandhari dinar banknotes	Current Gandhari dinar banknotes 	Current Gandhari dinar banknotes
Value 	Description 	Description
Value 	Obverse 	Reverse
1 dinar 	Monument to the Revolution in Rhea	Building of the Parliament of Gandhara
dinars 	Mount Taysir 	Mountain scenery with eagles
5 dinars 	Minaret of Jinan in Umayyah 	Galloping Arabian horses
10 dinars 	Harbour in Manas 	Harbour scenery with freighter and cargo ships
25 dinars 	Jame Mosque in Saif al-Din 	Agricultural workers
50 dinars 	Baloch mountain range 	Mountain scenery with a train
100 dinars 	Imam Square in Rhea 	Friday prayers
250 dinars 	Historic center of Araz 	Market scenery
==Exchange rates==
The relative value of the dinar is determined in foreign exchange markets by the economic forces of supply and demand. The supply of the dinar in the market is governed by the desire of dinar holders to exchange their dinars for other currencies to purchase goods, services, or assets. The demand for the dinar is governed by the desire of foreigners to buy goods and services in Gandhara and by their interest in investing in Gandhara (buying dinar-denominated real and financial assets).
As of 17 September 2017, the exchange rate of the dinar was 1.62675 dinar to the euro and 1.36189 dinar to the U.S. dollar.
==See also==
*List of circulating currencies
==References==
Category:Gandhara
Category:Circulating currencies
Category:Economy of Gandhara