nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster AshtonDingle

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=FREEWAT, a HORIZON 2020 project to build open source tools for water management: the view from a classroom at KU=
Ashton Dingle, University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas, United States, Italy, Spain. ashton.dingle@ku.eduLaura Foglia, Technical University Darmstadt and University of California Davis California, United States. foglia@geo.tu-darmstadt.deIacopo Borsi, Tea Sistemi Pisa , Italy.Violeta Velasco Mansilla, Idaea-CSIC Barcelona , Spain.Steffen Mehl, California State University Chico California, United States.Rudy Rossetto, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa , Italy.Mary Hill, University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas, United States. mchill@ku.edu
Abstract:
FREEWAT is a HORIZON 2020 EU project. FREEWAT’s main result will be an open source and public domain GIS (QGIS) integrated modelling environment for the simulation of water quantity and quality in surface water and groundwater with an integrated water management and planning module. FREEWAT aims to promote water resource management by simplifying the application of the EU Water Framework Directive and related Directives. Specific objectives of the project are to coordinate previous EU and national funded research to integrate existing software modules for water management in a single environment into the GIS based FREEWAT and to support the FREEWAT application in an innovative participatory approach gathering technical staff and relevant stakeholders (policy and decision makers) in designing scenarios for application of water policies. The open source characteristic of the platform creates an initiative "ad includendum", as further institutions or developers may contribute to the development. 
Through creating a common environment among water research/professionals, policy makers, and implementers, FREEWAT’s main impact will be on enhancing a science- and participatory approach and evidence-based decision making in water resource management, hence producing relevant and appropriate outcomes for policy implementation which is critical for sustainable management of water resources. Here we discuss the use of FREEWAT in a US classroom at the University of Kansas. The image below shows the FREEWAT work environment.
The surface water modeling exercise consideredin a class at KU illustrates the integration of FREEWAT with QGIS.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster AustinChadwick

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=How does delta shoreline sinuosity respond to changes in river discharge variability?=
Austin Chadwick, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena California, United States, United Kingdom. achadwick@caltech.eduVamsi Ganti, Imperial College London, London , United Kingdom. v.ganti@imperial.ac.ukHima Hassenruck-Gudipati, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas, United States. hima.gudipati@gmail.comMichael Lamb, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena California, United States. mpl@gps.caltech.edu
Abstract:
Climate-driven changes in storm-induced flood events are amplified on coastal river deltas, where standing water downstream creates a region of non-uniform flow that is sensitive to river discharge regime. The sinuosity of modern and ancient delta shorelines, i.e. shoreline rugosity, is a potential imprint of discharge variability, especially where marine waves and tides are not dominant processes. We hypothesize that river-dominated deltas built through construction of depositional lobes develop a characteristic shoreline rugosity that is determined by long-term patterns in channel avulsion location, avulsion timing, and lateral migration, all of which can be strongly influenced by discharge variability within the backwater zone. Scaling arguments predict that shoreline rugosity should increase linearly with avulsion timescale, inversely with avulsion lengthscale, and inversely with lateral migration rate. We present results from two scaled flume experiments that confirm this hypothesis, and furthermore illustrate the importance of discharge variability in controlling the dominant rates and scales in a growing delta. Under conditions of variable floods that maintain a dynamic backwater zone, river avulsions occur at a fixed distance from the shoreline, resulting in the construction of lobes of constant size even during shoreline progradation. In addition, erosion caused by drawdown hydrodynamics during floods eliminates alternating bars, which slows lateral migration of the channels and allows for more elongate delta lobes. Based on these results, and a compilation of modern river-dominated deltas, we propose a new dimensionless phase space for evaluating the impact of discharge variability on the shoreline rugosity of river-dominated deltas. Ongoing work focuses upon expanding this framework to deltas experiencing changes in base level.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster BrigidLynch

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Modeling landscape evolution and climate: how erosion and precipitation are linked in active orogens (preliminary results)=
Brigid Lynch, University of Idaho Moscow Idaho, United States. lync6611@vandals.uidaho.edu
Abstract:
The tectonic history and the climate driven erosional processes acting in a region are the primary controls on the evolution of a landscape. Quantifying these controls is essential to our understanding of uplift and erosion histories in mountain ranges. While tectonic processes are generally dependent on the location of plate boundaries, the controls on erosion are less constrained. We implement a numerical modeling approach to investigate these processes by coupling a high-resolution climate model, Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), and a landscape evolution model, Landlab. The Andes act as the climatic setting for this study, due to the variation in climate along the length of the orogen, and serve as a natural laboratory to test controls on erosion. With the help of the hydrologic model WRF Hydro, we pass discharge and topography data between the models, which allows for a feedback relationship to form between topography and precipitation. We will present our preliminary model runs that result from an asynchronous model coupling approach. These results will allow us to run further experiments to test feedbacks between topography and climate by monitoring topographic metrics and erosion histories. This work provides a necessary next step in landscape evolution modeling by using an actively evolving climate to model real precipitation dynamics. This next step allows for modeling more accurate representations of precipitation and the role orography and precipitation play in changing one another.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster CharlesShobe

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Boulders and bedrock: Modeling dynamic feedbacks between hillslope-derived blocks and transient channel evolution=
Charles Shobe, CIRES and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder Colorado, United States. charles.shobe@colorado.eduGregory Tucker, CIRES and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder Colorado, United States. gtucker@colorado.eduRobert Anderson, INSTAAR and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder Colorado, United States. robert.s.anderson@colorado.edu
Abstract:
Steep reaches of mountain rivers often host clusters of large (>1 m) blocks of rock despite having high transport capacity (Fig. 1). We argue that this distribution of blocks is a manifestation of a previously unrecognized negative feedback in which fast vertical river incision steepens adjacent hillslopes, which deliver large blocks to the channel. Blocks in the channel inhibit incision by both shielding the bed and enhancing form drag. We explore this feedback with one- and two-dimensional numerical models of channel-reach erosion in which block delivery by hillslopes depends on the river incision rate. Block dynamics in the channel are modeled explicitly, and form drag exerted on blocks is detracted from shear stress used to erode the channel bed. Hillslope block delivery is treated probabilistically, with the mean number of blocks delivered per channel length per time treated as a function of incision rate in the adjacent channel. When block delivery by the hillslopes is significant relative to the baselevel lowering rate, both the form of the channel reach and the timescales of reach profile evolution differ noticeably from the predictions of current theory. Results indicate that incision-dependent block delivery can explain the block distribution along Boulder Creek, Colorado, USA. The proposed negative feedback may significantly slow knickpoint retreat, channel adjustment to perturbations, and landscape response in comparison to rates predicted by current theory. We suggest that the influence of hillslope-derived blocks may complicate efforts to extract baselevel histories from transient river profiles. Future work includes construction of Landlab components to more explicitly treat hillslope block delivery processes in models of river incision.
Figure 1: Grain size and longitudinal profile data collected in BoulderCreek. Each bar represents the sum of long axesof all grains >1 m found in the channel along 10 m of channel length. Stars show sites with no blocks >1 m.Shaded regions indicate steepened reaches, or knickzones.Large (>1 m) grains are much more prevalent in theknickzone than upstream or downstream.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ChrisTasich

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Rejuvenating Poldered Landscapes: A Numerical Model of Tidal River Management in Coastal Bangladesh=
Chris Tasich, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee, United States. chris.tasich@vanderbilt.edu
Abstract:
The low-lying, coastal region of Bangladesh has relied on poldering (the creation of embanked islands) since the 1960s to mitigate the effects of tidal inundation, storm surge, and, more recently, sea level rise. Poldering has increased the total arable land and the ability to sustain food production for one of the most densely populated countries in the world. However, it has had the unintended consequence of starving embanked landscapes of sediment. Previous studies show empirical and modeled evidence that these landscapes can recover in ~10 years if a direct connection with the tidal channel is restored. Tidal River Management (TRM) provides an alternative and more sustainable solution. To combat declining polder elevations and aggrading channels, some polder inhabitants have attempted TRM to allow water and sediment exchange with the tidal network. Anecdotal reports claim great success for these small-scale engineering projects in some locations, but not in others.
Here, we tested the applicability of TRM on the poldered landscapes of southwest Bangladesh using a numerical model of tidal inundation and subsequent sediment accretion. We employed a mass balance Monte Carlo simulation with parameters of tidal inundation height, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), dry bulk density (ρ), and settling velocity (ws). Tidal height was varied as a function of projected sea level rise. Furthermore, we constrained timing of inundation to simulate a controlled TRM project. Preliminary results suggest, under some circumstances, TRM is a viable solution to help combat elevation offset due to sea level rise and poldering. However, under the most extreme sea level rise scenarios, TRM may not be a feasible solution.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster CourtneyHarris

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Delivery of sediment to the continental slope via plume delivery and storm resuspension: Numerical modeling for the northern Gulf of Mexico=
Courtney Harris, Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia, United States. ckharris@vims.eduTara Kniskern, Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia, United States. knista@vims.eduHernan Arango, Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey, United States.
Abstract:
The supply of sediment from the continental shelf to deeper waters is of critical importance for building continental margin repositories of sediment, and may also factor into episodic events on the continental slope such as turbidity currents and slope failures. While numerical sediment transport models have been developed for coastal and continental shelf areas, they have not often been used to infer sediment delivery to deeper waters. A three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic – suspended sediment transport model for the northern Gulf of Mexico has been developed and run to evaluate the types of conditions that are associated with delivery of suspended sediment to the continental slope. Accounting for sediment delivery by riverine plumes and for sediment resuspension by energetic waves and currents, the sediment transport calculations were implemented within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The model domain represents the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf and slope including the Mississippi birdfoot delta and the Mississippi and DeSoto Canyons. To investigate the role of freshwater pulses and storms in driving down-slope sediment fluxes, model runs that encompassed fall, 2007 through late summer, 2008 were analyzed. During this time period, the study experienced a period of elevated river discharge, several winter storms, and the passage of two hurricanes (Ike and Gustav). Sediment delivery to the continental slope was triggered by the passage of large storm events, and enhanced during periods of elevated freshwater delivery. Additionally, a climatological analysis indicates that storm track influences both the wind-driven currents and wave energy on the shelf, and as such plays an important role in determining which storms trigger delivery of suspended continental shelf sediment to the adjacent slope.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster DonsubRim

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Statistical Source Inversion of Tsunamis based on DART Buoy Data=
Donsub Rim, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. drim@uw.edu
Abstract:
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) performs statistical analysis of tsunami hazards based on a statistical likelihood of earthquake slip distributions. An important component of PTHA is the estimation of such probability distributions based on actual events. Using open-source software package GeoCLAW, we estimate a posterior distribution of a Tsunami event under the Bayesian inference framework, using DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) Buoy data from previous events. We use dimension reduction techniques that allow fast and accurate sampling of the GeoCLAW output for given slip parameters.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster EthanCoon

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Exploring post-fire hydrology using a multiphysics modeling framework=
Ethan Coon, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico, United States. etcoon@gmail.comRichard Middleton, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico, United States. rsm@lanl.govEugene Kikinzon, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico, United States. kikinzon@lanl.govDavid Moulton, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico, United States. moulton@lanl.gov
Abstract:
Understanding the impact of disturbance on hydrology is of critical importance for many regions, but especially the US Southwest. Increasing fire intensity, size, and frequency, along with insect infestation and ecosystem demography change all result in significant short and long-term changes in hydrology. Understanding and predicting this impact requires a rich set of process models with complex, uncertain coupling. We present the use of the Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS), an ecosystem hydrology model, to understand changes to the Jaramillo Watershed, a primary watershed in northern New Mexico, after the Thompson Ridge Fire in 2013. We demonstrate how ATS’s multiphysics management code, Arcos, uses interfaces and dependency graphs to allow model structure uncertainty to be explored. New process representation is quickly developed and coupled to existing model components in tightly coupled ways. Finally, we show a series of numerical experiments that decouple the roles of litter, duff, and canopy on immediate post-fire hydrology in the Upper Jaramillo.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster GiulioMariotti

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Revisiting salt marsh resilience to sea level rise: Are ponds responsible for permanent land loss?=
Giulio Mariotti, LSU BAton Rouge Louisiana, United States. giulio.mariotti@gmail.com
Abstract:
Ponds are un-vegetated rounded depressions commonly present on marsh platforms. In order to study how ponds affect the long-term morphological evolution of tidal marshes I implemented a simple model for pond vertical and planform dynamics. Even if the vegetated platform keeps pace with Relative Sea Level Rise (RSLR), episodic disturbances of the marsh vegetation cause the formation of small (1-10 m) ponds. Isolated ponds deepen and enlarge because of biochemical processes that prevent vegetation growth and decompose the existing organic sediment. Ponds eventually connect to the channel network and re-establish a biochemistry conducive for vegetation growth. Recovery occurs if, at the time of drainage, the pond lies above the limit for vegetation growth, or if the inorganic deposition rate is larger than the rate of RSLR. If ponds cannot recover they will enlarge and eventually enter the runaway erosion by wave edge retreat. A large tidal range, a large sediment supply, and a low rate of RSLR favor pond recovery. The model suggests that inorganic sediment deposition alone controls pond recovery, even in marshes where organic matter dominates accretion of the vegetated platform. Because permanent loss by pond expansion can occur even if the vegetated platform keeps pace with RSLR, I conclude that marsh resilience to RSLR is less than previously quantified and that increasing the availability of inorganic sediment is necessary to sustain high rates of RSLR.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster HarrisonGray

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Ongoing investigations into the connections between mineral luminescence and geomorphic processes=
Harrison Gray, University of Colorado - Boudler Boulder Colorado, United States. hagr2365@colorado.eduShannon Mahan, U.S. Geological Survey Denver Colorado, United States. smahan@usgs.govGreg Tucker, University of Colorado - Boulder Boulder Colorado, United States. gtucker@colorado.edu
Abstract:
A main component of modern geomorphic research is centered on testing of conceptual and numerical models with the hopes of better developing predictions of landscape and landform evolution. A key issue for testing these geomorphic models is a lack of simplified means to quantify common Earth surface processes such as sediment transport in rivers and on hillslopes. One possible avenue is to use a property of minerals known as luminescence. Luminescence is a phenomenon that arises when electrons are displaced and “trapped” within the crystal lattice due to exposure to background ionizing radiation. These electrons only gain the energy needed to escape these traps when exposed to sunlight, heat, or pressure, yielding measurable photons in the process, thus ‘luminescence.’ This property has been used as a geochronometer for the past ~35 years. In this presentation, we show results from numerical modeling of geomorphic transport of quartz and feldspar fine sand (90-250 µm grain size) in rivers and in hillslopes and the expected luminescence for each grain of sand. We explore the distributions and magnitudes of luminescence measurements and show how they can be quantitatively tied to geomorphic process. In particular, we show that researchers can extract virtual river velocities and rates of exchange with floodplain storage centers and estimate vertical diffusivities in hillslope soils. Current work to test these results with independently obtained values is ongoing and we show that our preliminary results match model predictions. There exists significant potential to use luminescence as a process-sensitive geomorphic tracer.
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