nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Scrim

== Description ==
A coarse, open-weave cotton or linen fabric. Scrim is used for curtains or upholstery linings and as a carrier for adhesive films. It is also used in the theater as a backdrop curtain that appears solid with front lighting and transparent with back lighting.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bucarán (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sculpey

== Description ==
[Polyform Products] A brand name for a plasticized polyvinyl chloride based modeling compound. Sculpey is a polymer clay composed of PVC, plasticizers, coloring agents, and fillers. Original Sculpey comes in a variety of colors and feels like modeling clay but does not dry out until it is oven baked. Sculpey does not shrink when it is baked in the oven and does not crack, shatter, or break easily. Sculpey FAQs: Polymer Clay Basics 
Sculpey contains about 15% di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DOTP) plasticizer. Prior to 1991, it contained di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) which is now listed as a carcinogen. ACTS FACTS 1994: Oven-Cured Polymer Clays The soft, uncured Sculpey should not be placed on painted or varnished surfaces as the plasticizer will dissolve these materials. Additionally, uncured Sculpey may be affected by solvent based paints. Sculpey instructions recommend baking at temperatures below 130C (275F). After baking, the material solidifies and can be sanded, drilled, carved, or painted. Sculpey FAQs 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
modeling clay; Sculpy (sp); polymer clay; oven-bake clay; oven hardening clay
== Applications ==
Exhibit
== Personal Risks ==
Do not inhale fumes while baking. Overheating in the oven will result in blackening and release of irritating gases including hydrogen chloride vapor (polyvinyl chloride decomposes at 190°C/375°F).
Polyform: SDS
== Collections Risks ==
* Hydrochloric acid vapors are a hazardous decomposition product.
* Incompatible with materials made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and polystyrene.
* Shelf life of a few years if stored in a cool, dry place, below 90°F and out of direct sunlight.
Deemed “Unsuitable” by the National History Museum of London.
== Environmental Risks ==
Do not wash clay dust from sanding down the sink, as water treatment plants are not able to remove fine particles from wastewater. 
== Working Properties ==
Original Sculpey instructions are to bake at 275°F (130°C) for 15 minutes per ¼ in (6mm) thickness. Original Sculpey® An oven thermometer is recommended. After baking, the material solidifies and can be sanded, drilled, carved, or painted.
Do not heat above 175°C (350°F), allow to come in contact with open flame, or use with hot knife or wire. 
Do not use a microwave oven for baking. 
Do not over-bake or exceed recommended baking temperature or time. 
The soft, uncured Sculpey should not be placed on painted or varnished surfaces as the plasticizer will dissolve these materials. Additionally, uncured Sculpey may be affected by solvent based paints. Do not place unbaked clay on furniture, flooring, plastic, carpeting, or fabric. Marble, lucite, granite, glass, ceramic tile, metal, aluminum foil, and parchment paper are all acceptable work surfaces. Sculpey FAQs: What Surfaces should I work on? 
== Forms and Sizes ==
Information from the Original Sculpey® Product Page:
* Colors: white, gray, granite, and terra cotta
* Package sizes: 1, 1.75, 3.75, 8, and 24lb
== Resources and Citations ==
* Sculpey: [Website]
* Kaela Nurmi, contributed information, MWG group, 2020.
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: 3D Printing/Casting
Sea Gel

== Description ==
A commercial name for a fish glue adhesive. The traditional woodworking glue has high tack and forms a strong bond that can be reactivated with water.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
SEA GEL; Sea-gel
* Similar products: StewMac Fish glue
==Risks==
* Non-flammable
* Non-toxic
==Working Properties==
* Working time = 30 min
* Cure time: 12 hours
Category:Materials database
Sea island cotton

== Description ==
A cotton-like fiber obtained from the Gossypium barbadense plant native to the southeastern United States and the Caribbean region. Sea island cotton has long, fine fibers that are used for threads, fabrics and padding in upholstery and cushions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sea Island cotton; sea-island cotton
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Fiber length = 1.0-6.2 cm (0.4 - 2.5 inches)
Category:Materials database
Sea leather

== Description ==
Leather prepared from the skin of ocean mammals and fish such as seals, sharks, porpoises, dogfishes, or rays.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ray skin
== Additional Images ==
File:Seal Skin Drying on Rack_USFW.jpg|Seal Skin Drying on Rack
File:Blue-spot_Stingray_wik.jpg|Blue-spotted Stingray
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Sea otter

== Description ==
An aquatic mammal native the the Pacific coast of North America (Enhydra lutris). Sea otters have thick, dark, soft fur. They were hunted to near extinction prior to being protected by the 1911 Fur Seal Treaty.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Enhydra lutris; seawater otter; marine otter (Lontra felina)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Guard hairs are deep blue to dark brown and very silky. Underfur is very dense and soft. Fur is extremely durable.
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "otter." Accessed 14 Sept. 2005.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sea water

== Description ==
Salt water in the oceans around the world. Sea water averages 96.5% water and 3.5% salts with associated compounds.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
seawater; ocean water; salt water; Meerwasser (Deut.); agua de mar (Esp.); eau de mer (Fr.); zeewater (Ned.); woda morska (Pol.);
== Risks ==
* Ingesting substantial amounts can cause a fatal ionic imbalance.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Colorless with pH=7.8-8.2
Melting Point	-2.78 C
Density 	1.02 g/ml
Boiling Point	101.1 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water (Accessed Mar. 1, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Seal (animal)

== Description ==
A large marine mammal of the Pinniped order (Phocidae or Otariidae families). Seals from the Phocidae family were hunted for their skins which forms a smooth-grain, soft leather (see sealskin). Otariidae seals, or fur seals, are native to Alaska. Their pelts were valued for their thick dense furs. All seal products are currently banned in the US from sale and import.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pinnipeds; fur seal; seal fur; sealskin; sæler (Dan.); Robben (Deut.); phoque (Fr.); zeeroofdieren (Ned.); foki (Pol.); pinnipedia (Port.); sälar(Sven.)
== Additional Images ==
File:Bearded Seal Portrait_USFW.jpg|Bearded Seal
File:Elephant Seal_USFW.jpg|Elephant Seal
File:Fur Seal_USFW.jpg|Fur Seal
File:Harbor Seal_USFW.jpg|Harbor Seal
File:alaskansealhairlarge.jpg|Seal hair
==Resources and Citations==
* Nationmaster: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Fur - import and sale of seal products is currently banned in the US
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/polarizedlight/pages/alaskansealhairsmall.html
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Sealant

== Description ==
Any material used to seal joints and openings. Natural waterproofing materials, such as waxes and tars have been used since ancient times. Oil-based caulk, or putty, was composed primarily of calcium carbonate and drying oils. The first synthetic elastomeric sealant, developed in the 1950s, was composed of polysulfide (Thiokol®). [[Butyl%20rubber|Butyl rubber] sealants, also manufactured in the 50s, contained talc, calcium carbonate, polybutylene, mineral spirits along with some adhesion promoters. The first acrylic sealant, developed in 1958, was a solvent curing product that included acrylic resin, calcium carbonate, silica, solvent, and plasticizer. Silicone sealants, introduced in the 1960s, contained silicone resins, fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground quartz, carbon black, talc, and plasticizers. Polyurethane elastomers provide good abrasion resistance. Latex caulks, available in the late 1960s, eliminated the use of organic solvents. They typically contain an aqueous polymer emulsion with calcium carbonate, plasticizers, and other additives.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
matériau de scellement (Fr.); caulk; caulking; glazing; mastic; putty; Thiokol
== Risks ==
* Oil-caulks may contain lead and asbestos. 
* Early polysulfide sealants may contain PCBs. 
* Low viscosity silicone sealants can cause staining in adjacent materials.
==Resources and Citations==
* Michael Scheffler, James Connolly, "Building Sealants", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Sealer

== Description ==
An undercoating used to seal a porous surface. Sealers prevent excess or uneven absorption of stain, paint or varnish. They are commonly used on wood, concrete and plaster surfaces.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
size; varnish; lacquer
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
Category:Materials database
Sealing tape

== Description ==
Any of several adhesive tape varieties designed for sealing openings or boxes. Sealing tapes can be composed of a heavy polymer or paper substrates coated with various types of adhesive backing. Early versions of sealing tape had paper substrates with gum adhesives. Most are about 2" wide.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
Category:Materials database
Sealing wax

== Description ==
A thermoplastic resinous mixture used since the Middle Ages to seal letters, documents and jars. Sealing waxes are soft and fluid when hot and but set to a hard solid when cool. They were made by several different recipes. Early recipes were usually based on beeswax formulations, sometimes mixed with pigments, tallow, turpentine and/or rosin. After the 16th century, lac wax was also used as a base material. Other recipes include mixtures of shellac and venice turpentine with small amounts of pigments, oils, or waxes. Pigments can include vermilion, red lead, verdigris or lampblack.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wax seals; lacre (Esp.); ceralacca (It); 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Density = 1.8 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* E. Parra, M.D.Gayo, A.Serrano, "The Creation of a Database for Wax Seals from Parchment Documents using the Results of Chemical Analysis", preprints ICOM Commettee for Conservation 10th Triennial meeting at Wahington DC, Aug. 1993, p.37.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=1.8
Category:Materials database
Sealskin

== Description ==
The pelt of a seal prepared as a smooth-grain, soft leather. Seal furs have dense fibers with occasional guard hairs that are usually plucked out. Sealskin was formerly used for book covers, clothing, and Inuit tents, but use has declined significantly in recent years. Seal products are currently banned in the US from sale and import.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
seal skin; seal fur; seal leather; pin seal; kid seal
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Good durability.
== Additional Images ==
File:BeardedSealwp2.jpg|Bearded seal
File:sealswp2.jpg|Seals
File:Seal Skin Drying on Rack_USFW.jpg|Seal Skin Drying on Rack
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 696
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Fur - states import and sale of seal products is currently banned in the US
Category:Materials database
Seam-face granite

== Description ==
A multicolor granite that is fine-grain and easily split into planar sheets. The sheets are so smooth that no cutting, dressing or polishing is require. Seam-Face granite is found in many locations. Some quarries are located in Weymouth, Rockport and Plymouth, Massachusetts.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Seashell

== Description ==
A hard outer covering of a mollusk. Seashells are composed primarily of calcium carbonate (aragonite) bound with chitin. Some seashells, such as abalone, Pearl oyster and mussel, have a hard iridescent inner layer. The iridescence is caused by the interference of light waves reflected between the thin overlapping layers. Seashells are soft and easily cut or carved. They have been used for beads, amulets and decoration since ancient times in both Eastern and Western cultures.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sea shell; nacre (Fr.); oyster shells; concha marinha (port.);
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Aragonite 2.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Aragonite (HU Min. Museum 116189), 50X, 785 nm copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|aragonite.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* No significant hazards. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Reacts with acids to evolve carbon dioxide. 
* Aragonite is harder and denser than calcite 
* Fracture = uneven to splinter
* Luster = greasy or pearly 
* Streak = white 
* Fluorescence = variable
* Birefringence = strong (0.155) showing interference colors (for mollusk shells)
* Straight extinction
Mohs Hardness 	3.5 - 4.0
Density 	2.93-2.95 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.530 - 1.686
==Resources and Citations==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Wikipedia: Seashell Accessed Dec 2022.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Oppi Untracht, Jewelry Concepts and Technology, Doubleday & Co., Inc., New York City, 1985
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Seaweed

== Description ==
A multicellular marine plant. Seaweeds, such as kelp or algae, are harvested to make agar, algin, carrageenan, funori, and agaroid. Dried seaweed contains about 30% alginic acid. It can be used to make alginic fibers and a weak adhesive called seaweed gel.
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 19
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sebacic acid

== Description ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|sebacic acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
White flaky crystals. Sebacic acid is obtained from heating castor oil with sodium hydroxide. It is used in the synthesis of alkyd, nylon, and polyester resins. Sebacic acid is also used as a plasticizer.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid; sebacylic acid; decanedioic acid
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Inhalation, ingestion and skin contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, ether. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	HOOC(CH2)8COOH
CAS 	111-20-6
Melting Point 	133-134.5 C
Density 	1.110-1.207 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=102.07
Refractive Index	1.422
Boiling Point 	295.0 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8558
Category:Materials database
Secondary Particle Induced X-ray Fluorescence

== Description ==
This analytical method belongs to the group of Ion Beam Analysis. To achieve X-ray fluorescence analysis of lightweight elements in a matrix made of heavyweight elements, a solution can be found using a beam line equipped with an intermediate target acting as a proton induced low energy secondary X-ray source of an element with an atomic number between those of the elements to be analysed and those of the matrix. So, when the target emits its characteristic spectrum in the PIXE mode, these characteristic X-rays stimulate the emission of characteristic X-rays of the lightweight elements to be analysed, without interference from the spectral lines of the heavyweight elements of the matrix.
Thus, a germanium target will produced XK photons of 9.98 keV, an energy adapted to the excitation of XK lines of copper and zinc included in a lead matrix, without interfering with the XL lines of this metal (10.45 et 10.55 keV) and thus analyse copper and zinc.
Secondary Particle Induced X-ray Fluorescence is sometimes called (PIXE)2
==Resources and Citations==
* L. Bertrand, T. Calligaro, JC. Dran, M. Dubus, MF. Guerra, B. Moignard, L. Pichon, J. Salomon, P. Walter, Développement expérimental d’une ligne PIXE-XRF pour les matériaux du patrimoine, Proc. Congrès Rayons X et Matière 01, Strasbourg, (Nov 2001), in J. Phys. IV France 12 (2002) 359-364
Category:Materials database
Secondary clay

== Description ==
Clay that has been deposited away from the site of the parent feldspathic rock. Secondary clays are often carried downstream by rivers producing a fine particle, highly weathered clay that is deposited along the banks or in estuaries. Secondary clays tend to be very plastic and, without the addition of other materials, may shrink severely when dried. However, in most cases, secondary clays have naturally combined with other other minerals, such as silica, iron oxides and calcium carbonate, that can minimize shrinkage. Additionally, any alkaline oxide impurity can act as a flux when the clay is heated and lower the sintering point of the clay. Iron oxide impurities may add red or yellow color to the clay. 
See also ball clay, red clay, calcareous clay, siliceous clay, fire clay, stoneware clay, fusible clay, marl.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sedimentary clay; ball clay; arcillas secundarias (Esp.); secundaire klei (Ned.); barro secundário (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Ceramic"
Category:Materials database
Security sensor

== Description ==
Any type of electronic sensor used to notify security or emergency personnel of a problem. Security sensors are available in a variety of types:
* Video sensors use cameras, tapes and people to monitor activity.
* Motion sensors have an infrared heat detector to examine temperature variations.
* Audio sensors have an ultrasonic detector to perceive noises such as breaking glass.
* Shock sensors detect physical vibrations.
* Contact sensors send an alarm when physical or optical contact is broken.
* Duress alarms are operated by humans when help is required.
See also fire, and smoke detectors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Alarmmelder (Deut.); détecteur d'alarme (Fr.)
Category:Materials database
Sedge

== Description ==
Any of several grasslike plants of the family Cyperaceae found in marshy areas of temperate zones. Sedge grasses have solid, triangular stems. They are used for mats, hats, basketry and papermaking. Examples are: bulrush, chufa, cotton grass, papyrus and umbrella plant.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant; papiro (Esp.)
Category:Materials database
Sedimentary

== Description ==
A rock formed by the accumulation and consolidation of small grains of mineral matter. Sedimentary rocks usually have strata formed by deposition variations. Each layer can contain a mixture of mineral particles eroded from different sources. The particles are often rounded due to wear and abrasion. Examples of sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, siltstone, and limestone.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sandstone; limestone; siltstone; greywacke; conglomerate; shale; roca sedimentaria (Esp.); roche sédimentaire (Fr.); rocha sedimentar (Port.); Sedimentgestein (Deut.); sedimentair gesteente (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database