nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Mizuho Securities USA Inc.

Mizuho Securities USA Inc. is the U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary of Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd.
== History ==
On Dec. 5, 2007 Mizuho Financial said that it would inject about $1.36 billion into its securities unit, which was hit by the US subprime loan crisis. Mizuho Corporate Bank, the wholesale banking unit of the group, would buy 150 billion yen worth of new shares to be issued by Mizuho Securities to help shore up its capital base.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== Registration ==
*MIZUHO SECURITIES USA INC - NFA ID: 0088100
== News ==
== References ==
Category:Brokerages
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
Category:Exempt Foreign Firm Agents
Category: FIA Regular Members
Mo Guilfoile

__NOTOC__ 
Mo Guilfoile is a Chicago-based attorney and derivatives executive who currently serves as an executive director and assistant general counsel at the CME Group.
== Background ==
Guilfoile has deep ties to the listed derivatives industry in Chicago and has worked for banks and been in private legal practice. She served as the president of the FIA Law and Compliance Division while with Merrill Lynch.
Before joining the CME Group in 2015, Guilfoile was a managing director and general counsel at ABN AMRO Clearing Chicago LLC. This was her second stint with ABN AMRO.
She was also a partner at Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, focusing on futures and derivatives, covering a wide variety of regulatory, transactional, general corporate and customer matters.
Guilfoile served as a director and senior counsel with Merrill Lynch.
She also served as an associate general counsel for The Chicago Corporation.
== Education ==
Guilfoile holds an undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a juris doctor of law from the DePaul University College of Law.
== References ==	
Category:ABN AMRO Clearing - Former Employees
Category:Merrill Lynch - Former Employees
Category:The Chicago Corporation - Former Employees
Model Builder

Model Builder is an application offered by Orc Software. It lets clients incorporate their own models for calculating theoretical prices into the Orc System. It provides a graphical interface for the construction of user-defined models and front end applications, enabling Orc's clients to price and trade any kind of instrument. 
Model Builder is the same tool Orc Software uses when designing generic models for the Orc front-ends. 
== References ==
Category:ORC Software
Category:Technology
Model Validation Council

The Model Validation Council is a group formed by the Federal Reserve in April of 2012 to give expert and independent advice on its process to rigorously assess the models used in stress tests of banking institutions. 
Formation of the council was one part of the Federal Reserve's efforts to tap outside expertise in the stress testing process. In another step, the Federal Reserve would host a symposium on stress testing models on Sept. 13 and 14 of 2012 at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Discussions would focus on the design and implementation of stress testing models, and cover topics including the relative merits of different modeling frameworks, best industry practices, and key challenges. Participants would include experts from academia, industry, and the Federal Reserve.
== Model Validation Council Members ==
The 2012 Model Validation Council members are:
*Francis X. Diebold, economics professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania (chair);
 
*Peter Christoffersen, professor at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto;
 
*Mark Flannery, professor at the Warrington College of Business Administration at the University of Florida;
 
*Philippe Jorion, professor at the Paul Merage School of Business at the University of California at Irvine;
 
*Chester Spatt, professor at the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University;
 
*Allan Timmermann, professor at the Rady School of Management at the University of California at San Diego.
== References ==
Category:Federal Reserve
Modern Markets Initiative

The Modern Markets Initiative is a Washington, DC-based advocacy group for quantitative traders, founded in 2013 by four high frequency trading firms: 
*Tower Research Capital
*Hudson River Trading 
*Quantlab Financial 
*Global Trading Systems
 
== History ==
MMI was formed by a group of high-frequency traders to counter what they felt was the unfair reputation of high speed trading as a disruptive force in the markets. The group hired the political strategists Kevin Madden and Erik Smith to press their case with regulators and lawmakers. The group also hired Peter Nabicht, former chief technology officer for Allston Trading, to be their spokesman. 
In August 2014, MMI announced that former CFTC commissioner and frequent HFT critic Bart Chilton and DLA Piper, the law firm for which Chilton served as senior policy advisor, would work with MMI on policy matters. 
The high-speed trading sector came under heightened scrutiny from the CFTC and the SEC in after the "flash crash" in May of 2010. Calls for action increased again after Knight Capital Group suffered “a technology issue” that affected the routing of trades on around 150 stocks on the New York Stock Exchange and cost the firm $440 million. 
In March 2014, New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced an investigation into HFT which he said gives such firms "unfair advantages that give them early access to key data."
Two weeks later, Michael Lewis's book "Flash Boys", which highlighted the tactics and profits of HFT, ignited controversy about such trade practices and, in a segment on CBS News' 60 Minutes program, Lewis called the U.S. stock market "rigged." 
Proponents of high-speed trading strategies claim they are simply reacting to market information in a manner similar to the way trading firms have traditionally reacted to market information, only much more quickly.
== Key People ==
*Kirsten Wegner, CEO
== References ==
Mohamed A. El-Erian

__NOTOC__ 
Mohamed A. El-Erian is an economist, investor, and financial commentator known for his work in global markets, central banking, and macroeconomic policy. He is currently the president of Queens’ College, Cambridge, and serves as an advisor to Allianz and Gramercy. El-Erian has held key positions in global finance, including serving as CEO and co-CIO of PIMCO and chairing President Barack Obama’s Global Development Council. He stepped down from Pimco in March 2014, after heading the company for seven years. The effort Pimco launched under El-Erian to build a stock-fund business had faltered when investors began deserting bonds and instead investing in higher yield alternatives such as equities and junk bonds. He will remain on the German parent company's International Executive Committee and advise on global economic and policy issues. 
El-Erian originally joined Pimco in 1999 as managing director and he was a senior member of Pimco's portfolio management and investment strategy group. He left the firm to become chief executive and president of Harvard Management Co., which manages Harvard's endowment fund, from 2005-2007, before returning to Pimco two years later.
El-Erian is a financial and economic analyst and an expert in emerging economies. He is also a frequent contributor to the Financial Times regarding the Middle East. 
El-Erian made some surprisingly successful trades while at Pimco. In 1999, he dumped $2 billion of Argentine debt less than two years before the country defaulted on $100 billion. At the time, few people believed the country would stop being able to repay its debts. In 2002, he bought Brazilian bonds as his rivals were selling out of fears that the leftist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – who won the presidential election – would sink the country into default. After Lula da Silva took office, he cut government expenses and the deficit and Brazil bonds rose.
== Background ==
Before coming to Pimco, El-Erian served as head of emerging markets economic research for Salomon Smith Barney.
He is the son of an Egyptian ambassador to France. He was born in New York but educated in England. He spent 15 years at the International Monetary Fund, where he started in 1983 as an economist.
== Education ==
El-Erian received a bachelor's degree from Cambridge University and a master's degree and doctorate in economics from Oxford. 
== Other Resources ==
*Mohamed El-Erian on the New Global Economy 
*Mohamed El Erian on President Obama's State of the Union Address 2011 
*Europe Is Running Fast To Stand Still
*Prepare for a shock from the Middle East
== References ==	
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:PIMCO
Mohamed Farid Saleh

__NOTOC__ 
Mohamed Farid Saleh is the executive chairman of The Egyptian Exchange and the president of the Arab Federation of Exchanges (AFE).
== Background ==
Saleh joined The Egyptian Exchange, EGX, in August of 2107 as Executive Chairman. He was named president of the Arab Federation of Exchange, or AFE, in April of 2019.
Previously, he was the President of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges, or FEAS, rom August of 2017 to October of 2018.
He was a member of the board of directors of Misr Insurance Holding Company from 206 to 2018. He was head of the nomination, compensation and renumeration committees.
He has also served as the chairman and CEO of Dcode Economic & Financial Consulting from 2012 to 2017.
Saleh was also previously an external consultant to the World Bank from 2012 to 2016.
He has served as an adjunct lecturer at the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport. He was also an adjunct lecturer at the American University in Cairo.
He previously served as the vice chairman of EGX, from 2010 to 2011. And he worked as a senior financial economist and head of the capital markets unit at the Egyptian Ministry of Investment from 2004 to 2010.
== Education ==
Saleh holds a bachelor of commerce degree in economics and foreign trade from Helwan University Cairo.
He holds a master of business administration (MBA) in banking, corporate, finance, and securities law from the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport.
From the University of York he holds a master of science (MSc) in economics, finance and investment.
From the Cass Business School he holds a master of science (MSc) in quantitative finance 
He has also studied at the UC Berkeley, Center for Executive Education and Timberlake, Clare College, University of Cambridge.
== References ==	
Category:Exchange Chairmen
Mohammed Omran

__NOTOC__ 
Mohammed Omran is the executive chairman of the Egyptian Exchange and a professor of finance at the Arab Academy for Science and Technology. He is also a board member on the Privatization Agency of Kosovo. Omran has also severed several years as an economist at both the Arab Monetary Fund in Abu Dhabi and the International Monetary Fund. 
Omran has been awarded several research grants and prizes, he was a Fullbright Scholar and a research fellow at the Economic Research Forum. 
He has authored close to 40 papers on topics ranging from financial markets to corporate privatization.
== Background ==
Prior to his current job, Omran was the vice chairman for operation of the Insurance Holding Company in Egypt. He also served as a vice chairman of the Egyptian Exchange for four years from 2006-2010. Omran has served as a visiting professor at the University of Plymouth, University of Oklahoma, the World Bank, University of Laval, and Vaasa University.
He was an advisor to the minister of investment and an acting executive director of the Egyptian Institute of Directors. 
== Education ==
Omran holds an MSc from Cairo University and Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Plymouth, UK.
== References ==
Molly McGregor

Molly McGregor is a marketing professional with extensive experience in the financial services industry, particularly in the areas of market data, analytics, and technology. She currently serves as a senior vice president for marketing and sales enablement for Donnelley Financial Solutions (DFIN). 
Previously, she served as the senior managing director and chief marketing officer at Qontigo, a financial intelligence company. Created in 2019 through the combination of STOXX, DAX and Axioma, Qontigo is part of the Deutsche Börse Group. 
Also, McGregor was managing director, marketing and communications at Axioma Inc. 
Before joining Axioma, McGregor was the chief marketing officer at Hanweck Associates. 
McGregor has more than 15 years of experience in financial services including 10 years at the International Securities Exchange, where she served as senior vice president of communications, marketing, and government relations.
She left the ISE when it was sold to Nasdaq on June 30, 2016.
== Background ==
McGregor began her career at Bowles Hollowell Connor, a boutique investment bank in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was acquired by First Union Securities soon after she joined the firm. 
After relocating to Los Angeles, she joined the mergers and acquisitions team at Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette (DLJ). DLJ was quickly acquired by Credit Suisse First Boston. 
She left Credit Suisse in 2002 and became a policy advisor for the Institute of International Finance.
She joined International Securities Exchange in June 2006 as director of corporate affairs. She was promoted to head of corporate affairs in February of 2011.
== Education ==
She holds a bachelors of arts degree in economics and politics from Washington and Lee University. She is also a graduate of the London School of Economics and Political Science from with a master of science degree in international political economy.
== References ==	
Category:Public Relations Professionals
Category:Corporate Communication Professionals
Category:International Securities Exchange
Category:Qontigo - Former Employees
Category:Hanweck Associates - Former Employees
Category:Credit Suisse - Former Employees
Category:Donaldson Lufkin Jenrette - Former Employees
Monetary

Monetary refers to any part of the public system for generating and circulating money through a regional or national economy. Public treasuries use monetary policy to control the money supply by setting official interest rates.
== The Feds ==
Central banks like the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank are the main public agencies for enacting monetary policy, which in western countries is usually aimed at holding down inflation and stabilizing the currency. In the U.S. the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy at its eight regularly-scheduled meetings per year.
== References ==
Category:Investments
Category:Economics
Monetary Authority of Singapore

Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is the central bank of Singapore. As banker and financial agent to the government, MAS manages the country's official foreign reserves and issues government securities. It also has oversight over the banking, securities, futures and insurance industries and is responsible for the development and promotion of Singapore as an international financial center.
MAS carries out the full range of central banking functions related to formulating and implementing monetary policy. Monetary policy in Singapore is centered on managing the trade-weighted exchange rate in order to ensure price stability over the medium term as a basis for sustainable economic growth.
Singapore started tightening rules on cryptocurrency trading in early 2022 with a ban on advertising, and said it plans to require virtual-asset providers to be licensed locally even if they only do business overseas. MAS began scrutinizing the sector further in August 2022. So far just over 10 entities in Singapore have received permits to operate as digital service token providers out of nearly 200 applicants.
== History ==
In 1970, local Parliament passed the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, leading to the formation of MAS on Jan. 1, 1971. The MAS Act gives MAS the authority to regulate all elements of monetary, banking and financial aspects of Singapore.
In April 1977, the government brought the regulation of the insurance industry under the wing of the MAS. The regulatory functions under the Singapore Securities Industry Act (1973) were transferred to MAS in September 1984.
In 2008, MAS intensified its monitoring of financial markets and supervision of financial institutions in reaction to the U.S. Credit Crisis. In January of 2008 a more risk-sensitive capital framework, Basel II, was adopted by all Singapore-incorporated banks. MAS also put in place a revised minimum-liquid-assets framework, under which banks can apply to adopt a more risk-sensitive methodology for determining their regulatory liquid reserves.
== Functions ==
*To act as the central bank of Singapore, including the conduct of monetary policy, the issuance of currency, the oversight of payment systems and serving as banker to and financial agent of the government;
*To conduct supervision of financial services and financial stability surveillance;
*To manage the official foreign reserves of Singapore and
*To develop Singapore as an international financial center.
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Ravi Menon, Managing Director
== Resources == 
MAS List Of Financial Institutions and Relevant Organizations in Singapore
== References ==
Category:Central Banks
Category:Regulators
Monetary Authority of Singapore Act

The Monetary Authority of Singapore Act is the act that led to the formation of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). The MAS Act, which was passed in 1970, gives MAS the authority to regulate all elements of monetary, banking and financial aspects of Singapore.
In 2007, Singapore Parliament approved an amendment to the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act to consolidate the MAS’ powers under the various acts it administers and enhance the deterrents against money laundering and terrorist financing in the financial sector.
 
== Resources ==
Monetary Authority Of Singapore Act
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Singapore
Monetary policy

Monetary policy is a term that refers to the actions undertaken by a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve, to influence the availability and cost of money and credit to help promote national economic goals. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the Federal Reserve responsibility for setting monetary policy in the U.S.
The Federal Reserve controls the three tools of monetary policy: open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is responsible for the discount rate and reserve requirements, and the Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for open market operations. Using the three tools, the Federal Reserve influences the demand for, and supply of, balances that depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks and in this way alters the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight
The primary objective of the European Central Bank's monetary policy is to maintain price stability. The ECB aims at inflation rates of below, but close to, 2% over the medium term. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Federal Reserve System
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Monex

Monex Group, Inc. is an internationally active, diversified Japanese financial services holding company.
Monex acquired all of the shares of failing Coincheck, a Japanese cryptocurrency trading platform in April 2018 for $33 million. Coincheck's customers' accounts had been hacked and they lost $530 million worth of the cryptocurrency NEM. Coincheck is a cryptocurrency trading platform. After ceasing many of its operations, Monex reported on November 26, 2018 that all pre-hack services had been restored and were operational. 
On December 4, 2018, ErisX, a cryptocurrency designated contract market and a derivatives clearing organization regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, announced that Monex's subsidiary TradeStation Securities had invested in ErisX's second funding round.
In a further show of support for Coincheck, in September 2019 the company provided a dividend of 500 Japanese yen worth of bitcoin to shareholders with accounts at Coincheck. The company announced on March 23, 2020, that it would repeat the special distribution at the end of the month.
 
==Background==
Monex Group, Inc., whose shares are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, is the parent of a number of financial services companies. Monex, Inc. is an online securities brokerage in Japan. In addition to Coincheck, the Monex Group also consists of a cryptocurrency bank, an internal financing corporation, and an investment and venture advisory subsidiary in Japan. It also offers brokerage services in other parts of Asia and in Australia. Monex Group acquired TradeStation Securities, a U.S. securities and futures brokerage firm, in 2011.
==References==
Category:Cryptocurrency
Category:Tokyo Stock Exchange
Category:Derivatives Clearing Organization
Category:TradeStation
Category:ErisX
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Money

Money is a medium of exchange and transaction in any economy, consisting mostly of cash and its equivalents, either in circulation or storage. Money markets serve the short-term credit market while the overall money supply is an indicator of longer-term inflation pressures in an economy.
Money has traditonally been viewed as a combination of unit of account, store of value and medium of exchange, althought the first two are today considered non-essential properties, especially since inflation erodes money's value over time. 
== Easy as 123 ==
The U.S. Federal Reserve regularly measures the money supply by two different metrics: M1 and M2. The first consists of currency, travelers checks, demand deposits and other checking accounts, while the second consists of these elements plus savings and money-market deposits, short-term CDs and retail momey-market mutual funds. In the year to September 2008, seasonally-adjusted M1 increased 6.4% to $1.45 trillion while seasonally-adjusted M2 rose by 6.2% to $7.7 trillion.
A third measure of the money supply, M3, is considered the broadest measure of how much money in an economy. It consists of all categories of money defined as M2 plus time deposits and repurchase (repo) agreements of over $100,000, balances in institutional-investor money market mutual funds and some Eurodollar balances.
== References ==
Category:Investments