nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Bichromated gelatin

== Description ==
A photographic emulsion used in nineteenth century printing processes, such as collotypes and carbon prints. Bichromated gelatin was first described by H.F.Talbot in 1852 for use in photogravure. Bichromated gelatin paper is coated with a gelatin emulsion that has been sensitized with potassium dichromate. When exposed to light, the bichromated gelatin hardens proportional to the intensity of radiation. The non-exposed areas remain soft and moisture sensitive, while the exposed areas become hard and moisture resistant. Other chromate salts, such as ammonium dichromate and sodium dichromate, were also used.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bichromated colloid; dichromated gelatin; dichromated colloid
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Photography'
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
Category:Materials database
Bicomponent fiber

== Description ==
A texturized synthetic fiber that is formed by spinning two different polymers into a single thread. Bicomponent fibers are made usually by extruding the two components side-by-side. As the combined filament is drawn, the two polymers respond differently to the stress resulting in a permanetly crimped, but stretchable, fiber.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bicomponent fibre; composite fiber; bicomponent yarn
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Man-made Fibre." Accessed 13 May 2004.
Category:Materials database
Bidri

== Description ==
A type of black metal work, often decorated with silver or gold, that originated in India near the town of Bidar in Karnataka. Bidri metal alloy contains zinc (93.3%), copper (3.5%) and lead (3.1%). Decorative gold or silver wires and cut pieces are inlayed into into incised areas of the zinc alloy objects. The exposed alloy is then blackened by coating the piece in mud that contains ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride. Heat is sometimes applied. Finally, the object is polished with a charcoal/oil mixture. Many types of bidri objects are made, such as; vases, ashtrays, cups, boxes, and jewelry.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bidri ware
==Resources and Citations==
* O. Untracht, Metal Techniques for Craftsmen, Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1968.
* David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
* A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Bidri Ware." Accessed 13 May 2004.
Category:Materials database
Bimetallic wire

== Description ==
A bicomponent wire made with two metals. One example is the steel core wire coated with copper that is used for telegraph and telephone transmissions. Another example is the bimetallic strip used in thermostats to sense temperature changes due to their different thermal expansion coefficients.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bimetallic strip
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online
Category:Materials database
Binder

== Description ==
A compound that forms a cohesive, unified material. In paints, the binder forms a solid film that adheres the pigments to the substrate. In adhesives, the binder provides the adhesion to hold two parts together. Examples of binders are synthetic resins, drying oils, waxes, gums, natural resins, and some proteins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
binder (AAT preferred); binding medium; binding media; binding agent; vehicle
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Binder's board

== Description ==
A thick, rigid paperboard typically used in the construction of hard book covers. Binder's board have been made from wood, [[chipboard[], paste paper, and fabric. Most binder's boards were made from oak until the early 16th century when they were replaced by paper pasteboards. In the 18th century, more expensive books had millboard covers made from tarred rope and sailcloth. Today most binder's boards are made from multi-ply pasted paper. They are smooth, dense and uniform.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
paperboard; binder board; pasteboard; binders board (sp)
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials databaseCategory: Board/Box/Tube, Cellulose
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (14 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_014.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 14
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (14 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| This is the "" mentioned in the (Hizen no kuni Fdoki). Note that the nut of " (Azimaki)" is said to be " (Bir)". The dyed sample was firstly mordanted with iron, then soaked into ash water, and finally again mordanted with iron. The deeper color of the right sample was achieved by repeating the process.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (15 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_015.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 15
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (15 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath only contained the first extract. The resultant color would be different from those dyed with the second or further extract.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (16 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_016.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 16
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (16 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown (slightly reddish)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath only contained the second extract. The samples became less red brownish.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (17 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_017.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 17
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (17 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown (slightly lighter color than the other)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath contained the second extract.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto Murasakino
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (18 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_018.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 18
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (18 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyeing process
| The dyed sample was firstly mordanted with iron, soaked into ash water, again mordanted with iron, and finally soaked into ash water again.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto Murasakino
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - left (19 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_019.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 19
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (19 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蒲葵子 : Birōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| chromium
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (14 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_014.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 14
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (14 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| This is the "" mentioned in the (Hizen no kuni Fdoki). Note that the nut of " (Azimaki)" is said to be " (Bir)". The dyed sample was firstly mordanted with iron, then soaked into ash water, and finally again mordanted with iron. The deeper color of the right sample was achieved by repeating the process.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (15 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_015.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 15
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (15 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| orangish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath only contained the first extract. The resultant color would be different from those dyed with the second or further extract.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (16 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_016.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 16
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (16 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath only contained the second extract. The samples became less red brownish.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (17 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_017.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 17
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (17 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto Murasakino
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (18 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_018.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 18
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (18 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 檳榔子: Binrōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dye bath only contained the third extract.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto Murasakino
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Binrōji (Betal Palm Tree) - right (19 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_03-26-2009_019.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 19
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (19 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 蒲葵子 : Birōji
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Betal/Palm Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Areca catechu L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit (?) /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Both samples were top-dyed for several times, but the fiber did not fix the colorant(s) satisfactory. Neither iron or tin mordants facilitated fixing the color compound(s) to the fabrics.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Bio-Plastic

== Description ==
[Aldon Corp., Avon, NY] A registered trademark for a clear blue-green, liquid polyester resin commonly used to form cast plastic molds and mount cross sections. Bio-Plastic® is a blend of polyester and methacrylate monomers in a styrene solvent. A methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst is used to speed curing time. Bio-Plastic® resin cures to produce clear rigid blocks. It is used as a casting resin for biological specimens and as a mounting medium for cross sectional analysis of paint chips. For paint cross sections, polyester resins can infiltrate porous paints and grounds. This can result in a slight discoloration of the sample as well as hinder organic analysis such as staining and infrared microspectroscopy (Derrick et al 1994). The styrene monomer in the polyester resin is a strong solvent that can also dissolve wax and resin layers. 
Note: The methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst solution also contains: dimethyl phthalate, 2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentaediol diisobuterate, hexylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, water, hydrogen peroxide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Bioplastic (sp); Polylite®
== Risks ==
* Highly flammable. 
* Moderately toxic by inhalation.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Heating to 40-50 C accelerates cure.
Boiling Point	about 121 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Supplier: Ward's Scientific at https://www.wardsci.com/store/product/8879572/liquid-bio-plastictm
* M.Derrick, L.Souza, T.Kieslich, H.Florsheim, D.Stulik, "Embedding Paint Cross-Section Samples in Polyester Resins: Problems and Solutions" JAIC 33(3), 1994, p. 227-45.
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* MSDS Sheet Comment: at MFA
* Product Information Comment: Bottle labels
Category:Materials database
Biobased foam

==Description== 
Any lightweight, porous solid material derived from biological material. Naturally occurring materials that have foam-like structures are numerous: wood, cork, sponge, fungi, honeycombs, cancellous bone, horseshoe crab shells, toucan beaks, antlers, etc. The vascular texture of these structures provide energy absorption and decreased weight. Often the material have a rigid exterior covering the foamed interior. Synthetic foams from biological materials, such as soy, wheat gluten, and cellulose, are also called biofoams or biobased foams. Biobased foams often mimic the cellular structure of wood and they are being used in packaging and insulation as substitutes for polystyrene or polyurethane. These porous, lightweight materials typically manufactured using cellulose fibers dispersed in a foaming agent or gel such as cellulose ester, or methyl cellulose. The biobased foams should be recyclable with cardboard. Cellulose foams exhibit antimicrobial properties, mechanical anisotropy, and high thermal insulation. Some alternatives are using wheat gluten for the gel formation in order to produce flame-retardant materials. Other bio-foams used starch, soy, gluten, polylactic acid (PLA) or polyglycol alginate (PGA) as their base material
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
biobased foam; bio-based foam; biodegradable foam; organic foam; natural foam; cellulose foam; biofoam; starch foam; methyl cellulose foam; foam-formed biocomposites; PLA foam
Commercial products: BioFoam [Bewi.com]; Green Cell foam [TemperPack.com]; Woamy [Woamy.com]
==Applications==
* Packaging; shipping
* Thermal insulation
* Biomedical implants
==Risks== 
* Loose structural integrity with age
* Some dissolve in water
==Resources and Citations==
* Miranda-Valdez, I.Y., Coffeng, S., Zhou, Y. et al. Foam-formed biocomposites based on cellulose products and lignin. Cellulose 30, 2253–2266 (2023). link
* Qiong Wu, Richard L. Andersson, Tim Holgate, Eva Johansson,c Ulf W. Gedde, Richard T. Olsson and Mikael S. Hedenqvist, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 20996-21009.link
* Wikipedia: [Biofoam] (accessed June 2024)
* J. Nilsen-Nygaard, M. Hattrem, Magnus, K. Draget, Kurt, "Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) gelled foams: A systematic study of surface activity and gelling properties as a function of degree of esterification", Food Hydrocolloids, 57, 2016. 
* Green Building Advisor: [Plant Based Foams on the Horizon] Jan. 2023
Category:Materials database Category:MWG
Biocide

== Description ==
The general name for any chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of a living organisms such as a pesticide, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, bactericide and disinfectant. Biocides are often added to water-based paints to prevent biological growth. Paint products intended for outdoor use may also contain fungicides to minimize degradation and staining of the dried film. Examples of some types of biocides added to paints are: phenylmercuric acetate (discontinued), tributyl tin oxide, formalin, alcohol, phenolics, and isothiazolinones. These compounds are present in small amounts (0.001 - 1 %) but are highly toxic.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
disinfectant; pesticide; insecticide; fungicide; herbicide; bactericide; germicide
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Biocide (Accessed June 2023)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
* Tom Learner, A Review of Synthetic Binding Media in Twentieth-Century Paints., The Conservator, Vol. 24, 2000
Category:Materials database