nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Georgia Cherokee marble

== Description ==
A coarse-grain, pale gray with waves of white clouds and veins quarried near Tate in Pickens County, Georgia (Bucher 1996). It polishes to a high gloss and is used as a building stone. Other gray varieties of Georgia marble are sold as Silvery Gray and Mezzotint. Silvery Gray is a uniform light gray marble that has no veins or clouds. Cherokee marble was used for the exterior of the east-central front of the Capitol building in Washington, DC.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Silvery Gray; Mezzotint
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Georgia Silver Gray marble

== Description ==
A uniform, pale gray marble quarried near Tate, Georgia. Georgia Silver Gray marble does not have veins or clouds. It polishes to a pearly gloss and is used in building construction.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Georgia green marble

== Description ==
A coarse-grain, yellow-green marble with white flecks quarried near Tate, Georgia (Bucher 1996). Georgia green marble polishes to a high gloss and is used as a building stone. Another variety sold as Georgia Verde Antique is a dark green stone with lighter green veins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Georgia serpentine; Georgia Verde Antique marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Georgia marble

== Description ==
Any of numerous marbles quarried in the northern part of Georgia. The coarse-grain marbles usually have pale colors ranging from white to pink to gray to green with large sparkling crystals. The White Georgia marble is used for statuary while most (Georgia green, Georgia White, Georgia Cherokee, Georgia Silver Gray, Creole, Etowah, and Mezzotint) are used as interior and exterior building stones.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Georgia white marble

== Description ==
A coarse-grain, white marble quarried near Tate, Georgia. The marble polishes to a high gloss and is used for statuary, monuments and buildings. Some brand names for Georgia white marbles are: 
* Amicalola: a high gloss white marble used for interior and exterior decoration
* Kennesaw: a white marble with pale gray clouds
* Southern: a very white marble used for the interior and exterior of buildings
* White Georgia: a white, high gloss marble used for monument and buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Georgia Kenesaw marble; White Georgia marble; Amicalola marble; Kennesaw marble; Southern White marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Geotextile

== Description ==
A manufactured fabric designed to protect, control and/or stabilize soil. Geotextiles are used for soil stabilization, for wind or water erosion control, in road construction, and to develop drainage paths. They are made from polypropylene, polyester, nylon, and acrylic. Most are nonwoven made by spun bonding, fuse bonding or needle punching. For additional information see entries on the following specific types of geotextiles: drainage fabric, geomembrane protection fabric, erosion control fabric, reinforcement fabric, and subsurface stabilization fabric.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
geotextil (Esp.); géotextile (Fr.); geotêxtil (Port.);drainage fabric; erosion control fabric; geomembrane protection fabric; reinforcement fabric; soil stabilization fabric; geogrid; 
Brand names: Fabrisoil; Typar; Mirafi; Terram; Bidim [Solutia];
==Resources and Citations==
* Propex Fabrics: Website 
* Ten Cate Nicolon: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Geranium red

== Description ==
A bright red synthetic organic pigment. Geranium red is made from the deposition of eosin on a alumina trihydrate base. It is typically used in illustrations and prints but not in paintings. The color fades in daylight.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
geranium lake
== Risks ==
Color fades in sunlight.
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Germaben II

== Description == 
[International Specialty Products] A registered trademark for a preservative/additive, clear, viscous liquid that inhibits microbial, yeast, and mould growth. It contains propylene glycol, propylparaben, methylparaben, and diazolidinyl urea. 
This material was shown in use from Chris Stavroudis (2013) as a preservative for preventing microbial and mould growth in agarose gels.
== Risks ==
* Bulk Apothecary; SDS
== Resources and Citations ==
* Stavroudis, C. 2013. Getty Conservation Institute: Making Agarose Gel and Preparing Agarose Plug
Category:Materials database
German cockroach

== Description ==
A very common small, flat, tan cockroach, Blattella germanica, that grows up to 14 mm long. The adult German cockroaches have two dark stripes. Both the nymphs and adults feed on almost anything, such as starchy, sugary, and proteinaceous foods. They will eat cloth sized with starch or glue. The adult insects (10-15 mm in length) can live almost 1 year. The female lay 30-40 eggs in a sausage-shaped case. The eggs hatch into nymphs in 14 days. Cockroaches are nocturnal and are sensitive to light. Common desiccating powders such as borax, Dri-die, and sulfur are used along with pesticides to exterminate cockroaches.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Blattella germanica; brown banded cockroach; croton bug; sternfly; Yankee sailor
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Distribution: world-wide, primarily in indoor environments.
== Resources and Citations ==
* MuseumPests.net: German Cockroach
* University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology: German cockroach
* Cockroach Facts website: German cockroach
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
* Univ. of Florida, Dept. of Entomology at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in128 (Accessed March 2020)
Category:Materials database
German silver

== Description ==
An old name for nickel silver. Nickel silver is a silvery white alloy composed of copper (52-80%), zinc (10-35%), and nickel (5-35%). Originally produced in China, nickel silver was first manufactured in Germany in 1770; the process was later perfected in 1823. It was used as an inexpensive, non-tarnishing substitute for silver. Nickel silver was favored for use in ferrules of expensive artist brushes. Nickel silver is still used as a base for silver-plated items and is marked EPNS (electroplated nickel silver).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
nickel silver; neusilver; newsilber; Neusilber (Deut.); prata alemã (Port.); white copper; albata; Paktong; Pakfong; Alpacca [Berndorf AG]
== Resources and Citations ==
* F.B. Howard-White, Nickel: An Historical Review, New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1963.
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* Wikipedia: German silver: 45-70% copper, 5-30% nickel, 8-45% zinc
Category:Materials database
Germanium

== Description ==
A naturally occurring metallic element that was isolated and identified in 1886 by Clemens Winkler in Germany. Germanium is a dull, silvery gray solid that constitutes approximately 0.007% of the earth's crust. Germanium occurs in very small amounts in many types of sulfide ores, such as germanite, lepidolite, sphalerite, and spodumene. Germanium is primarily used in solid-state electronic devices and in the production of infrared transmitting glass.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ge; germanio (It., Esp.); Germânio (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in aqua regia, concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. Insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid and dilute alkalis. Stable in air.
Composition 	Ge (atomic no. 32)
CAS 	7440-56-4
Melting Point 	937.2 C
Density 	5.323 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 72.59
Boiling Point 	2830 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Web Elements: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4415
Category:Materials database
Germanium dioxide

== Description ==
White, crystalline power. Germanium dioxide, when heated, vitrifies to form a glassy substance. It is used in making infrared-transmitting glass and optical glass.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
germanium oxide; germanium (IV) oxide
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion. 
* May be harmful by inhalation or contact. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Composition 	GeO2
CAS 	1310-53-8
Density 	6.239 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 104.61
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4417
Category:Materials database
Gesso

== Description ==
1) A hard, white ground layer primarily used for tempera painting and water gilding. Originally, gesso, the Italian word for gypsum, meant a ground layer prepared from gypsum and animal glue by Italian painters for wooden panels (Gettens and Stout 1966). Gesso grounds were used since medieval times and were often applied in multiple layers with the initial gesso layer containing coarse gypsum particles (gesso grosso) and the final layer containing fine gypsum particles (gesso sottile). The dried surface was sanded, then polished to an ivory-like finish. Because it was hard and inflexible, gesso was usually applied to a rigid support, such as a panel, picture frame, or sculpture. From Renaissance times, a hard gesso prepared from calcium carbonate (chalk) in glue was used in northern Europe for oil and casein paintings.
2) Since the late 20th century, some American manufacturers have also used the term 'gesso' to refer to their commercial canvas primer formulations made with synthetic binders and with one or more white pigments such as chalk, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide (about 10% for opacity). These contemporary ground materials do not correspond to true gesso and cannot be used as a substitute.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gesso (Port.); Examples include: gesso grosso; gesso sottile
== Risks ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Gesso" Jonathan Stephenson
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
Category:Materials database
Gesso grosso

== Description ==
A traditional initial gesso layer containing coarse anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulfate) particles in hide glue. Gesso grosso was used as a ground layer for panel paintings, sculptures and decorative plasterwork. This base coat was covered with one or more coats of fine gypsum particles (gesso sottile).
== Resources and Citations ==
* Art in the Making: Italian paintings before 1400
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Gesso" Jonathan Stephenson
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
Category:Materials database
Gesso sottile

== Description ==
A traditional final gesso layer containing fine gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) particles in parchment glue. Gesso sottile was prepared from the fine suspended particles of gypsum collected after soaking and stirring in excess water. It provides a smooth surface over the coarser gesso grosso base coat on panel paintings, sculptures and decorative plasterwork.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Art in the Making: Italian paintings before 1400
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Gesso" Jonathan Stephenson
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
Category:Materials database
Getty Grant Program

= Getty Grant Program =
The Getty Grant Program is an operating program of the J.Paul Getty Trust. It provides funding for projects around the world that promote research, education and professional development for the fields of art history and art conservation.
Web Address 	http://www.getty.edu/grants/index.html
Postal Address 	The Getty Grant Program 
1200 Getty Center Dr, STE 800 
Los Angeles, CA 90049-1685USA
Phone 	+1 310 440 7320
Fax 	+1 310 440 7703
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Grant / funding organization
Website Languages	English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Grant / funding organization
GfKORR

= Society for Corrosion Protection =
"The Society for Corrosion Protection, a non-for-profit organisation in Germany for the advancement of science, engineering and technology in the field of corrosion and materials protection, was founded in 1995 through the amalgamation of Verein Deutscher Korrosionsfachleute e.V., and AGK-Gesellschaft fr Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz e.V. Members of GfKORR can be indivuals, societies and associations, as well as small, medium-sized and large companies engaged in the fields of corrosion and corrosion protection. " (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.gfkorr.de
Postal Address 	Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25
D-60486 
Frankfurt am Main
GERMANY
Phone 	+49-(0)69-7564-360+49-(0)69-7564-436
Fax 	+49-(0)69-7564-391
Contact 	gfkorr@dechema.de
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Membership organization
Website Languages 	English
German
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Membership organization
Ghatti gum

== Description ==
A water soluble exudate from the stems of Angeissus latifolia trees native to India and Sri Lanka. Ghatti gum is a complex polysaccharide containing arabinose, galactose, mannose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. When mixed with water, ghatti forms a thixotropic solution whose viscosity increases geometrically with concentration. Gum ghatti dispersions have emulsification and adhesive properties equivalent to or superior to those of gum arabic and it is used in many of the same applications. Gum ghatti is also used as a dye thickener, a textile size, and an adhesive.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Angeissus latifolia; goma ghatti (Esp.); Indian gum; British Indian gum; gatty gum; ghati gum; marike gum; gum ghatti
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
* CAS = 9000-28-6
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
* I.W. Cottrell, J.K. Baird, gums chapter
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4424
Category:Materials database
Ghedda wax

== Description ==
Beeswax obtained from Asiatic bees (Mills and White 1994).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
East Indian beeswax
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Iodine value=5.6-12.6
* Acid value=5.8-7.9
* Saponification value=84.5-118.3
Melting Point 	60.5-66.4 C
Density 	0.956-0.973 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.440
== Resources and Citations ==
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point=60.5-66.4C, density=0.956-0.973, ref. index = 1.440, iodine value=5.6-12.6, acid value=5.8-7.9, saponification value=84.5-118.3
Category:Materials database
Ghent lace

== Description ==
A narrow bobbin lace originally made in the town of Ghent in western Belgium. Ghent lace is similar to Valenciennes lace.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Valenciennes lace
== Resources and Citations ==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Valenciennes Lace." Accessed 2 Aug. 2004 .
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Giallo antico marble

== Description ==
A fine-grain, pale to dark yellow-color marble quarried in the hills near Simitthus (modern Chemtou) in Tunisia since the second century BCE. Giallo anitco marble usually has veins of orange, pink or red. It was used for sculptures and buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
numidicum (Lat.); Numidian marble
== Resources and Citations ==
* Ancient Trade Routes: Website
* Janet Burnett Grossman, Looking at Greek and Roman Sculpture in Stone, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2003
Category:Materials database
Giallolino

== Description ==
An obscure Italian name for an opaque lead-tin yellow pigment. Giallolino is the current equivalvent of lead-tin yellow type II. The pale yellow pigment was originallly made for use in colored glass. It was an important pigment in 14th century paintings. In some manuscripts, giallolino may have refered to Naples yellow or massicot.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
giallorino; gialloline
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row, New York, 1969.
Category:Materials database
Giant arborvitae

== Description ==
A large red cedar, Thuja plicata or Thuja gigantea, native to the northwestern United States, Canada, and Alaska. The giant arborvitae, or western red cedar, tree can reach 200 feet in height. It was introduced into England and France in 1853 for lumber and as an ornamental tree. These giant red cedars produce a soft, knot-free, reddish-brown, aromatic lumber. They weather to a silvery gray color and are very resistant to fungi and moisture. Red cedar wood was used by native Americans of the Pacific coast for giant war canoes and totem poles. Additionally fibers prepared from strips of the inner bark were woven into blankets, baskets, mats, and cords by the Haida, Salish, Kwakiutl and Tlingit tribes (King and Hartley 1979). Currently red cedar is used for shingles, poles, fences, tanks, closet liners, and cedar chests.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Thuja plicata; Thuja gigantea; cèdre rouge (Fr.); Rotzeder (Deut.); cedro rosso (It.); cedro dulce (Esp.); tuia-gigante (Port.); stinking cedar; shinglewood; canoe cedar; western red cedar; British Columbia cedar; giant cedar; Pacific red cedar
== Personal Risks ==
Inhalation of dust and skin contact may cause allergic reactions.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Color: red brown with yellow streaks. Rings: distinct. Pores:absent. Grain: faint. Rays: obscure. Soft, lightweight aromatic.
Density 	23 ppcf
Molecular Weight	specific gravity = 0.38
== Additional Images ==
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Rad.jpg|Giant arborvitae (Thuja gigantea)
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Tan.jpg|Giant arborvitae (Thuja gigantea)
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Tran.jpg|Giant arborvitae (Thuja gigantea)
File:W red cedar 40x.jpg|Western red cedar paper pulp (Thuja plicata)
File:W red cedar 10x.jpg|Western red cedar paper pulp (Thuja plicata)
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.King, E.Hartley, "Unusual Fibers Used in Northwest Coast Ethnographic Textiles, Their Preparation & Their Structure", Technology & Conservation, 1/79.
* Alden Identification Services, Microscopic Wood Identification: Link
* West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Seattle, Wash.: air-ddry weight = 23 pcf
* H.L.Edlin, What Wood is That?, Viking Press, New York, 1969
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 808
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Giant nettle

== Description ==
A large nettle plant (Urtica ardens) native to Europe. The giant nettle has been cultivated for centuries as a source of fibers. Nettle fibers are light-color, soft and strong. They are used for twine, rope, canvas, sailcloth, and paper. Nettle fibers are also used as substitutes for flax and hemp.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Urtica ardens
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Fiber width = 6-24 microns with thickness variations. 
* Striations are well-defined often giving the appearance of nodes. 
* Parenchymal cells are elongated with small surface markings.
== Resources and Citations ==
* T.Collings, D. Miller, 'The Identification of Oriental Paper Fibers' The Paper Conservator, vol 3, 1978.
Category:Materials database