nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Automated Improvement Mechanism

In the electronic environment, CBOE's Hybrid system provides price improvement opportunities through features like the Automated Improvement Mechanism (AIM) and Complex Order Auction (COA). 
CBOE's AIM is an automated process for paired orders of any origin type, which provides potential for price improvement and a participation right through an auction process. By utilizing AIM’s paired order mechanism, an order flow provider is afforded the opportunity to participate against their customers’ orders or to solicit another firm’s liquidity.
== Key Features ==
=== Order Submission: Buy and sell sides of the transaction are submitted together ===
*Contra order size must be equal to that of the original order.
*Contra order price must be NBBO (if 50 contracts or greater); one price increment (see Auction Process) better than NBBO (if 49 contracts or less);or MKT (indicates contra-submitting firm is willing to auto-match the best price of other auction participants).
=== Auction Process: Order is exposed to a brief electronic auction ===
*Auction will begin at NBBO or better, depending on order size.
*Auction price increment will not be less than one cent.
*Auction length will be a randomly selected time period.
=== Trade Allocation: Participants on the best price at the auction end share in allocation === Resting customer orders are allocated first. If on the final price, contra-submitting firm receives:
*40% minimum - if matched by multiple participants.
*50% minimum- if matched by one participant.
*100% - if not matched by any other participants.
*If auto-match is indicated (i.e., contra order = MKT), the contra-order will match other participants’ size at each price better than the final clearing price. At the final clearing price the contra order will be guaranteed a minimum of 40%. 
== References ==
Automated Trader

Established in 2006, Automated Trader is a publication that provides coverage of automated trading and algorithmic trading activity, patterns and trends across all asset classes. Automated Trader, with a circulation of 16,000, has both a print and online presence. The print version of this journal focuses on providing complex concepts in everyday business language while sections on its website take a more technical approach. 
The publication is published quarterly in the UK and has an international readership. Andy Webb is the managing director, William Essex the editor.
== External Links ==
*automatedtrader.net
== References ==
Category:News Companies
Category:Algorithmic Trading
Category:Automated Trader
Automated market making (AMM)

Automated market making (AMM; AMM also refers to an automated market maker) is a feature of trading platforms in DeFi (decentralized finance). Instead of a cryptocurrency trading platform organizing an order book of bids and offers, decentralized platforms rely on AMMs that stand constantly ready to buy and sell the smart contracts.	
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Category:Definitions
Category:DeFi
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (Canada)

The Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) is the body mandated by the government of Québec to regulate the province's financial markets and provide assistance to consumers of financial products and services.
In addition to the powers and responsibilities conferred on it by its incorporating legislation, the AMF oversees the enforcement of laws in each of the areas it regulates. It can also draw on self-regulatory organizations (SROs), to which certain regulatory powers are delegated.
The AMF is financially self-sufficient through the fees and dues paid by the persons and firms governed by the legislation it is charged with enforcing. The AMF is headed by a President and Chief Executive Officer appointed by the government. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== External Links ==
http://www.lautorite.qc.ca
== References ==
Autorité des Marchés Financiers (France)

The Autorité de Marchés Financiers (AMF) is an independent public body responsible for regulating and supervising France's financial markets. It also ensures that investors receive material information, and provides a mediation service to assist them in disputes.
The authority is also responsible for ensuring the quality of information provided by management companies on their strategy regarding climate change.
== Organization and Purpose ==
AMF is responsible for regulating, issuing authorisations, supervising and monitoring markets and punishing regulatory infringements. The AMF's General Regulation is approved by the French Finance Minister. Operations are overseen by a board, an Enforcement Committee and several specialized and consultative commissions.
== History ==
The Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), established by the Financial Security Act of 1 August 2003, was formed from the merger of the Commission des Opérations de Bourse (COB), the Conseil des Marchés Financiers (CMF) and the Conseil de Discipline de la Gestion Financière (CDGF). 
The objective in amalgamating these bodies was to improve the efficiency of France’s financial regulatory system and give it greater visibility.
The AMF lends its support to worldwide and European regulation by participating in international bodies and cooperating with regulators in other countries. For example, AMF is a member of the Committee of European Securities Regulators. AMF Chairman Robert Ophèle represents the organization on this Committee.
== References ==
Category:European Securities Regulators
Category:France
Autorité des marchés financiers

The Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) is the body mandated by the government of Québec to regulate the province's financial markets and provide assistance to consumers of financial products and services.
Established under An Act respecting the Autorité des marchés financiers on February 1, 2004, the AMF is unique by virtue of its integrated regulation of the Québec financial sector, notably in the areas of insurance, securities, deposit institutions (other than banks) and the distribution of financial products and services.
In addition to the powers and responsibilities conferred on it by its incorporating legislation, the AMF oversees the enforcement of laws in each of the areas it regulates. It can also draw on self-regulatory organizations (SROs), to which certain regulatory powers are delegated.
The AMF is financially self-sufficient through the fees and dues paid by the persons and firms governed by the legislation it is charged with enforcing.
The AMF is headed by a President and Chief Executive Officer appointed by the Quebec government. In applying its governance rules, the AMF is supported by an Internal Auditor as well as an Advisory Board.
The AMF is a member of standard setting associations, such as IOSCO.
== Products and Services ==
The AMF regulates financial markets, including securities and derivatives markets. The Quebec Securities Act, Quebec Derivatives Act and the Act respecting the Autorité des marchés financiers are the primary pieces of legislation for financial markets oversight. 
The Quebec Derivatives Act came into effect in February, 2009 and gives the AMF jurisdiction over all derivatives traded in Quebec, both on and off exchange. The AMF chairs the Canadian Securities Administrators Derivatives Committee. 
== Key People ==
*Mario Albert, President and CEO
*Anne Marie Beaudouin, Secretary General
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Autorité des marchés financiers
Autospreader Strategy Engine

Autospreader Strategy Engine (Autospreader SE), is a server-based implementation of TT Autospreader application for spread trading. It is one of the automated trading applications built into TT's X_TRADER Pro electronic trading platform. It is also the first in TT's new Strategy Engine family of server based execution products which reduce latency for global derivatives traders. 
==Supported Exchanges==
Autospreader enables professional traders to create and execute cross-product, cross-exchange spreads across the following markets: 
* BM&FBOVESPA
* BrokerTec
* CBOE Futures Exchange
* Chicago Climate Futures Exchange (CCFE)
* CME Group 
* Dubai Mercantile Exchange (DME)
* Eurex
* European Climate Exchange (ECX)
* Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Xetra) 
* ICE Futures
* Intercontinental Exchange (ICE)
* Kansas City Board of Trade (KCBT)	
* Liffe
* MEFF
* Minneapolis Grain Exchange (MGX)
* Montreal Climate Exchange
* Montreal Exchange (MX)
* New York Commodities Exchange (COMEX)
* New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX)
* NYSE Liffe
* Singapore Exchange (SGX)
* Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE)
* US Futures Exchange (USFE)
== References ==
Autumn Capital Partners

__NOTOC__
Autumn Capital Partners LLP is an investment consultancy firm that works with managers and allocators to identify and develop businesses and profitable investment strategies. The firm currently advises fund managers with assets in excess of $25 billion.
A current focus of the firm's work is providing solutions to the cash management needs of fund managers and institutions.
 
== History ==
Autumn was founded in 2009 by senior investment professionals from a multi-billion dollar multi-strategy hedge fund. The firm's principals have worked together since 2006 and previously formed the principal investment team managing in excess of $1.5bn across various asset classes including fund of funds, hedge fund lending, credit, mortgage pools, life insurance and tax liens.
== John Lothian News Interview ==
Kevin Cook of Autumn Capital Partners Discusses Common Pitfalls for Emerging Managers
Kevin Cook, partner at Autumn Capital Partners, a UK-based consulting firm for hedge funds and CTAs, discusses common pitfalls for emerging managers and the outlook for the managed futures space at the Emerging Manager Forum in London. Cook presented “The Top 10 Reasons Emerging Managers Fail” at the conference. Interview by John Lothian News editor-in-chief Jim Kharouf. Published July 16, 2012.
== Products and Services ==
The firm's service and solutions include investment consultancy and capital placement.
== Key People ==
*Kevin Cook, Founding Partner
*Matthew Longhurst, Founding Partner
*James Skillen, Founding Partner
== References ==
Category:Consultants
Category:Autumn Capital Partners
Autumn Gold Portfolio Management

Autumn Gold Portfolio Management is a Scottsdale-based investment firm.
In March 2009 Autumn Gold announced the launch of the Autumn Gold Multi-Advisor Fund LP, a multi-advisor managed futures fund that has daily transparency with mark to the market valuation and weekly redemptions and subscriptions. It is designed to provide the opportunity for market returns that are non-correlated to the traditional stock/bond portfolio. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Kim Avery
== References ==
Category:Autumn Gold Portfolio Management
Avatar Securities, LLC

Avatar Securities, LLC is a subsidiary of the Avatar Trading Group, LLC and a prop-only broker-dealer. It focuses entirely on the funding and platform requirements of experienced traders. It is registered at the CBOE, the CBSX and Nasdaq OMX PHLX. 
== History ==
In March of 2009, Avatar Securities and Lightspeed Financial, LLC entered into an agreement to allow Avatar's proprietary traders direct market access through Lightspeed Trader, a proprietary trading platfrom. 
Avatar opened a trading desk in Chicago's financial district in September 2010. 
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Omar Kathwari, co-founder and managing member
== References ==
Average True Range

Average True Range, or ATR attempts to quantify a given market's volatility.
True Range is the greater of:
Current Session (High-Low) or 
(High-Previous Close) or 
(Low-previous Close)
Average True Range is then calculated by averaging the True Range for a specific time period. Frequently used for calculating stop-loss orders, effort should be made to generate a statistically significant ATR while avoiding excessive damping. For example, ATR for three trading sessions probably uses too few sessions to be statistically significant. A very large number would offer too much damping of volatility, so ATR for 100 sessions would almost certainly be too many. Credit for developing ATR as a trading tool is given to J. Welles Wilder. 
== References ==
Category:Technical Analysis
Category:Definitions
Category:Market Terms
Avid Modjtabai

__NOTOC__ 
Avid Modjtabai is executive vice-president of technology and operations for Wells Fargo & Co. Since March 2007, she has led the technology information group as chief information officer with responsibility for most of the core technology activities of the company. 
In January 2009, she was also appointed to lead the company’s operations group, with responsibility for check processing, statement processing, ATM operations, ACH and wires, fraud disputes, cash vaults, lockbox, safe-deposit processing, armored logistics, accounting support for retail stores and deposit document retention.
== Background ==
Modjtabai has served in a number of leadership roles, most recently as the director of human resources with responsibility for developing and implementing people strategies to support Wells Fargo’s business objectives, as well as the management of compensation and benefits, human resource service centers, systems and payroll, finance, team member relations and assistance, talent management, learning and development and diversity for over 160,000 Wells Fargo team members.
Prior to serving as director of human resources, Modjtabai was executive vice-president and head of the internet services group, where she helped Wells Fargo become the leading provider of online financial services through managing consumer, investment and small business internet services.
She was also head of Wells Fargo’s online personal financial services, including both the consumer and the online brokerage services, and served as head of the enterprise internet services group, responsible for customer experience on Wellsfargo.com.
Modjtabai’s Wells Fargo career has also included management positions in consumer deposits, the investment group and she was a senior consultant in corporate strategy. She joined Wells Fargo from McKinsey & Company, where she focused on strategy initiatives in financial services.
== Education ==
Modjtabai received a B.S. in industrial engineering from Stanford University, and an MBA in finance from Columbia University.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Avram Kornberg

__NOTOC__ 
Avram Kornberg is the chief information officer of TPG Capital. 
Previously, he was the CIO of MF Global prior to their bankruptcy. He was named to the position on Oct. 31, 2008. 
== Background ==
Before joining MF Global, Kornberg was CIO at Moore Capital Management, LLC, where he was responsible for the global management of information technology. He responsibilities included software development, enterprise architecture, data management implementation and infrastructure.
From 2002 to 2006, Kornberg was the U.S. CIO at Natexis Banques Populaires. Additionally, he was chief technology officer of OppenheimerFunds, Inc., from 1994 to 2002.
== Education ==
Kornberg holds a bachelor of arts in political science from State University of New York at Binghampton and a masters of business administrationi from the Leonard N. Stern School of Buiness at New York University.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:MF Global
Category:MF Global
Category:Chief Information Officers
Axel A. Weber

__NOTOC__ 
Axel Weber was president of the Deutsche Bundesbank and a member of the European Central Bank Governing Council from April 2004 to April 2011. During that time, he was also a member of the board of directors of the Bank for International Settlements, German governor of the International Monetary Fund, and a member of the G7 and G20 Ministers and Governors. He made headlines in February 2011 when he announced his plans to leave the Bundesbank in 2011, essentially ruling himself out of the race to succeed Jean-Claude Trichet as head of the European Central Bank. Weber, known as a monetary policy hawk, had been seen as the front-runner for the ECB position. 
== Background ==
Weber taught applied monetary policy and international economics in Germany before he was selected to lead the Bundesbank in 2004. 
Weber worked with Josef Ackermann on the rescue of the property lender Hypo Real Estate Holding AG in 2008, preventing the country's biggest bank failure since 1931. 
On March 9, 2011, Weber was appointed professor of economics at the University of Chicago. At the time of the announcement, he was on leave as a professor of international economics at the University of Cologne. 
Weber has participated on a number of academic and institutional boards throughout his career. In the past, Weber has been a member of the German Council of Economic Experts, as well as a director of the Center for Financial Studies in Frankfurt, a professor of applied monetary economics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and a professor of economic theory at the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University. 
== Education ==
Weber studied economics and public administration at the University of Konstanz.
== References ==
Category: Bios - Executives
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Axel Schubert

Axel Schubert is the former chairman of Bremer Wertpapierbörse AG.
== Background ==
During his career, Schubert was professionally active as a tax consultancy and auditing firm in securities trading at the Hamburgische Landesbank, on the management board of BWB Holding AG and as vice chairman of the management board of NASDAQ Germany AG. 
== Education ==
Born in 1947 in Germany, Schubert, a student of law, passed his first and second federal Bar exams in Freiburg/Breisgau and Hamburg, as well as the exam to become tax attorney at the Federal Law Office in Detmold.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Bremer Wertpapierbörse AG
Category:Bremer Wertpapierbörse AG
Axel Vischer

__NOTOC__ 
Dr. Axel Vischer is a Theoretical Nuclear Physicist and Chicago-based exchange executive who serves as the head of new initiatives for Eurex in North America.
== Background ==
Vischer joined Eurex in 2003 as part of their product development team to to help redesign their market-making model. He has held various jobs within Eurex Product Development, Eurex Market Development and ISE Corporate Initiative.
He was previously a senior quantitative analyst with Equity Futures and Options Trading GmbH a proprietary trading group formed by ex-traders from Salomon Brothers. Vischer started his career after earning his Ph.D. at Salomon Brothers as a quantitative analyst.
== Education ==
Vischer holds a Ph.D from Oregon State University in the field of theoretical nuclear physics.
== References ==	
Category:Deutsche Boerse
Category:Salomon Brothers
AxiomSL

AxiomSL was a provider of regulatory reporting and risk management solutions for the financial industry. It combined with Calypso Technology to form Adenza in 2021.
== History ==
AxiomSL was founded in 1991 by Alex Tsigutkin and Vladimir Etkin with a vision to provide financial institutions with a robust and flexible software solution to address the challenges of regulatory reporting. Initially focused on the European market, the company expanded its presence globally and gained recognition for its innovative approach to regulatory compliance.
Over the years, AxiomSL grew organically and through strategic acquisitions. 
== Solutions ==
AxiomSL's flagship product, the ControllerView® platform, is a regulatory reporting and risk management solution designed to streamline and automate the complex processes associated with regulatory compliance. The platform provides financial institutions with the tools they need to collect, validate, and report accurate data to regulatory authorities in a timely manner.
Key features of the ControllerView® platform include:
Data Integration: The platform integrates data from disparate sources across an organization, allowing for comprehensive data aggregation and normalization.
Data Lineage: AxiomSL's solution offers complete data lineage, ensuring transparency and traceability of data from source systems to regulatory reports.
Regulatory Reporting: The platform supports a wide range of regulatory reporting requirements across multiple jurisdictions, including Basel III, MiFID II, Solvency II, and more.
Risk Management: AxiomSL provides robust risk management capabilities, enabling financial institutions to assess and manage various types of risk, including credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk.
Analytics and Dashboards: The solution offers advanced analytics and customizable dashboards that provide real-time insights into regulatory data, enabling organizations to make informed decisions and monitor compliance effectively.
== References ==
Category:Calypso Technology
Category:Adenza
Axoni

Axoni provides blockchain infrastructure tools as well as distributed application development.
The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) revealed in an interview in October 2017 that it had been working with Axoni on deploying some of Axoni's technology in a test to streamline processes in DTCC's Trade Information Warehouse for reporting and maintaining information about credit default swaps.
In November 2017, Axoni announced the successful completion of a six-month test using distributed ledger technology for executing, managing and maintaining equity swaps. The pilot included Goldman Sachs Group Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co.Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, Citigroup Inc., BNP Paribas SA and Credit Suisse Group AG using Axoni's AxCore technology.
Axoni raised $20 million in bank and venture capital funding in May 2017 and another $32 million, again from banks and venture capital firms, in August 2018.
In May 2020, the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) - the world's largest equity derivatives clearing organization - announced that it had begun working with Axoni to develop a distributed ledger solution to overhaul the OCC's existing securities lending infrastructure.
== References ==
Category:fintech
Category:digital assets
Category:decentralized applications
Category:distributed ledgers
Category:definitions
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki