Nick Clegg

300px|thumb|right|Nick Clegg, Source: Chatham house [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Rt_Hon_Nick_Clegg,_Deputy_Prime_Minister,_UK_(8144405130).jpg/ Wikimedia Commons] 
Nick Clegg is the MP for Sheffield Hallam and served as UK deputy prime minister for five years after forming a coalition government with the Conservative Party in May 2010.Nick Clegg appointed Deputy Prime Minister, Number10.gov.uk, 12 May 2010. 
Clegg was first elected leader of the Liberal Democrats in December 2007 but stood down after the party only won eight seats in the 2015 general election.Nick Clegg – Leader of the Liberal Democrats, Liberal Democrats, accessed 12 May 2010
==Roles outside government== 
After the 2015 general election, Clegg took up various new positions outside politics. He is now a fortnightly columnist for the London Evening Standard, and an ad hoc speaker for News Presenters LtdSummary of Business Appointments Applications - Rt Hon Nick Clegg Gov.UK,15 September 2015, accessed 22 September 2015. He sought to become a trustee of the Social Mobility Foundation; as he had had dealings with the organisation in office, the roles' unpaid nature and lack of governmental contact meant there would be no clash of interest. 
He has also set up the Open Reason Foundation to promote debate and fresh thinking. Following approval from the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, Clegg became its director in September 2015. 
In November 2015, Mr Clegg took on a part-time, unpaid appointment as Commissioner to the Global Commission on Drug Policy, in which he will lead a project which seeks to encourage an evidence based approach amongst European leaders. 
In January 2016, having sought the advice of ACOBA once more, Mr Clegg took on a role leading a commission on social inequality with the Social Market Foundation, aiming to tackle inequality in education more specifically. Nick Clegg business appointments ACOBA, Gov.uk, accessed 16 February 2016
==Views on Israel & UK arms exports==
Nick Clegg authored a comment article in the Guardian in January 2009, entitled We must stop arming Israel: Brown has to stop sitting on his hands, halt British weapons exports and insist the EU do the same. In the article Clegg argued that:
:We have a European Union encumbered by clumsy decision-making and confused messages. And at home we have a prime minister talking like an accountant about aid earmarked for Gaza without once saying anything meaningful about the conflict's origins. Gordon Brown, like Tony Blair, has made British foreign policy effectively subservient to Washington. But waiting for a change of heart in Washington is intolerable given the human cost.
:Of course, Israel has every right to defend itself. It is difficult to imagine what it must be like to live with the constant threat of rocket attacks from a movement which espouses terrorist violence and denies Israel's right to exist. But Israel's approach is self-defeating: the overwhelming use of force, the unacceptable loss of civilian lives, is radicalising moderate opinion among Palestinians and throughout the Arab world. Anger in the West Bank will make it virtually impossible for Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian Authority president, to continue to talk to Israeli ministers.
:Brown must stop sitting on his hands. He must condemn unambiguously Israel's tactics, just as he has rightly condemned Hamas's rocket attacks. Then he must lead the EU into using its economic and diplomatic leverage in the region to broker peace. The EU is by far Israel's biggest export market, and by far the biggest donor to the Palestinians. It must immediately suspend the proposed new cooperation agreement with Israel until things change in Gaza, and apply tough conditions on any long-term assistance to the Palestinian community.
:Brown must also halt Britain's arms exports to Israel, and persuade our EU counterparts to do the same. The government's own figures show Britain is selling more and more weapons to Israel, despite the questions about the country's use of force. In 2007, our government approved £6m of arms exports. In 2008, it licensed sales 12 times as fast: £20m in the first three months alone. There is a strong case that, given the Gaza conflict, any military exports contravene EU licensing criteria. Reports, though denied, that Israel is using illegal cluster munitions and white phosphorus should heighten our caution. I want an immediate suspension of all arms exports from the EU, but if that cannot be secured, Brown must act unilaterally.
:Finally, the world's leaders must accept that their response to the election of Hamas has been a strategic failure. The removal of the EU presence on the Egypt border in response to Hamas's election, for example, has made it easier for the rockets being fired at Israel to get into Gaza in the first place. An EU mission with a serious mandate and backing from Egypt and Israel would help Israel deal proportionately and effectively with the threat from weapons smuggling.
:Attempts to divide and rule the Palestinians by isolating and punishing Gaza will not succeed. To secure peace in the Middle East, Hamas must turn its back on terrorism, and help create Palestinian unity. Only unified leadership in the West Bank and Gaza can offer Israel the security guarantees that it rightly seeks. My proposals to stay Israel's hand in this conflict may be unwelcome to some, but they have the country's long term interest at heart. No terrorist organisation has ever been defeated by bombs alone. Only a new approach will secure lasting peace for Israel itselfNick Clegg, We must stop arming Israel, The Guardian, 7-January-2009, Accessed 13-May-2010.
==Digital Economy Bill==
On the subject of the Digital Economy Bill, Nick Clegg argued in April 2009:
:We did our best to prevent the Digital Economy Bill being rushed through at the last moment. It badly needed more debate and amendment, and we are extremely worried that it will now lead to completely innocent people having their internet connections cut off. It was far too heavily weighted in favour of the big corporations and those who are worried about too much information becoming available. It badly needs to be repealed, and the issues revisited.Nick Clegg, STUDENT QUESTION TIME - Nick Clegg answers your questions, The Student Room, 15-April-2010, Accessed 13-May-2010
==Stance on fracking==
In September 2013, Clegg expressed 'muted support' for fracking, saying the government could not afford to ignore the potential contribution shale could make to the UK's energy mix. Nick Clegg gives fracking cautious support, BBC News, 13 September 2013, accessed 29 October 2016. He had previously said that fracking would be difficult to persuade people of the benefits of fracking in their communities. Rowena Mason, Nick Clegg's advice to Lord Howell: 'When you're in a hole, stop fracking', The Telegraph, 1 August 2013, accessed 29 December 2016. 
In October 2014, Clegg said on fracking: 
:'I don't think we should turn our nose up at a whole new industry or technology. Fracking has a role.'
:'New infrastructure happens from time to time, but it needs to be done carefully and not in a cavalier 'slap-dash' manner," he said. That's why I'm proud we've got the tightest regulation of anywhere in the world to ensure fracking - wherever it takes place - is in an environmentally sustainable way'. Nick Clegg backs shale gas fracking in East Midlands, BBC News, 3 October 2014, accessed 29 December 2016. 
Responding to the government's decision to green light fracking in Lancashire in October 2016, Clegg said the move 'sets a very dangerous precedent [...] the government riding roughshod over the will of the local people'. Twitter | BBC Radio Sheffield, Twitter, 6 October 2016, accessed 29 December 2016 .
In November 2016, councillors in Sheffield voted to ban fracking on land owned by the city, and called for a moratorium on fracking. Ruth Hayhurst, Sheffield councillors vote to ban fracking on authority’s land, DrillorDrop, 11 November 2016, accessed 29 December 2016. 
‬Clegg’s constituency includes four oil and gas licence blocks, awarded by the Oil and Gas Authority under the 14th licensing round in 2015. Three shale licences were awarded to INEOS, and one to Warwick Energy. There are plans for three shale wells, one hrz frac well and 2D and 3D seismic surveying; no applications are currently underway. Oil and gas: licensing rounds, GOV.uk, accessed 14 November 2016. 
===Voting record===
Clegg has a mixed voting record on fracking . TheyWorkForYou | Nick Clegg, TheyWorkForYou, accessed 29 December 2016. 
*26 January 2015: voted against making fracking companies apply for an environmental permit before conducting exploratory drilling. He also voted against an amendment to the Infrastructure Bill to include an 18 month moratorium on fracking.
*11 February 2015: absent for a vote on requiring more pre-conditions for where fracking can take place.
*16 December 2015: voted against weakening regulations on fracking in protected areas and national parks.
==Special advisers==
*James Sorene - appointed as head of communications and spokesman in January 2011. Previous jobs include, deputy director of communications and head of news at the Department of Health, and deputy head of news at the Home Office James Sorene LinkedIn profile, accessed 6 October 2014 
*Jonny Oates - was selected as chief of staff in 2009. Previously Oates worked as the strategic media director at Bell Pottinger, prior to this Oates was the party's director of policy and communications for 15 months from 2007. Kate Magee Jonny Oates returns to Liberal Democrats for general election campaign PR Week, 5 August 2009, accessed 6 October 2014 
 
*Tim Colbourne - was appointed deputy chief of staff in 2010. 
*Hollie Voyce - head of office (political). 
*Ryan Coetzee - is now the director of strategy for the General Election for the Liberal Democrats, prior to this, Ryan was appointed director of strategy in september 2012. Previous roles include special adviser to the Premier of the Western Cape as well as the Democratic Alliance strategist. Ryan Coetzee LinkedIn profile, accessed 6 October 2014 
*Stephen Lotinga - was appointed as director of communications in April 2014. Previous jobs include working at {[Edelman]] as managing director of public affairs. Stephen was also managing director of public affairs & partner at Bell Pottinger as well as senior health adviser for the Liberal Democrats. Stephen Lotinga LinkedIn profile, accessed 6 October 2014 
*Zena Elmahrouki - Chief speech writer 
*James Holt - returns to the Liberal Democrats as deputy director of government communications in July 2014. 
*James McGrory - head of political communications since 2010. Previous jobs include working as justice and home affairs adviser in Downing Street. 
*Owain Myrddin Edwards - appointed as special adviser (media) to Clegg, in February 2014. Previous roles include head of communications for the Welsh Liberal Democrats as well as press office. Edwards also worked as press officer for the British Embassy. Owain Myrddin Edwards LinkedIn profile, accessed 6 October 2014 
*John Foster - was appointed as director of policy innovation and implementation in 2012. Prior to this Foster worked for Tim Farron who is MP for Westmorland and Lonsdale. 
*Chris Saunders - appointed chief economic and business advise in 2013. Saunders worked for Clegg previously, but left his post with Clegg to travel around the world with his wife. Saunders was previously employed as a lobbyist in the financial industry. Louise Armistead, "George Osborne's Treasury team - the power behind the coalition government", The Telegraph, 13 May 2010, accessed 8 September 2010
*Matthew Hanney - is parliamentary liaison and constitutional affairs, Matthew has worked for Nick Clegg for over six years. Iain Dale and Brian Brivati From Nick Clegg to Sir Menzies Campbell: the 50 most influential Liberal Democrats The Telegraph, 24 September 2012, accessed 6 October 2014 
*Shabnum Mustapha - was appointed special adviser (media) in 2012. Previous jobs include, director for Scotland at Amnesty International, director at Coalition for Racial Equality and Rights as well as vice-convener for the Scottish Liberal Democrats Shabnum Mustaphe LinkedIn profile, accessed 6 October 2014 
*Monica Allen - Departmental adviser: MoD, FCO, DfID
*Emily Frith - Departmental adviser: DH, DWP
*Alex Dziedzan - Departmental adviser: Home Office, MoJ
*Adam Pritchard - Departmental adviser: DCLG, DEFRA, DfT
*Matt Sanders - Departmental adviser: Cabinet Office, DfE, DCMS
*Phil Reilly - Speechwriter and Communications adviser for Open Reason Register of interests of members' secretaries and research assistants, 23 March 2016, parliament.uk, accessed 19 April 2016 
*Edward Simpson - Direct communications manager, Liberal Democrats
==Affiliations==
*Atlantic Council of the United Kingdom - Patron
*CentreForum - Advisory Board member
*Leading Authorities - speaker - European fees range from $35,001 - $55,000 (£22,417 - £35,225) Leading Authorities Nick Clegg, accessed 23 July 2015.
==Donations==
*£5,000 from Jerry Cheung in July 2014. 
*£10,000 from Anthony J Ullmann in September 2014
*£1,000 from Muhammad Zahur in October 2014
*£10,000 from Anthony J Ullmann in February 2015 The Register of Members' Financial Interests: Part 1As at 9 March 2015 www.parliament.uk, accessed 18 March 2015 
==External resources==
*The Nick Clegg story, BBC, 19 December 2007.
*Nick Clegg, We must stop arming Israel, The Guardian, 7-January-2009, Accessed 13-May-2010
*Nick Clegg, Nick Clegg: Immigration policy should be based on facts, not fear, The Independent, 19-September-2007, Accessed 13-May-2010
*Patrick Wintour and Nicholas Watt, Nick Clegg says Lib Dems won't replace Trident because world has moved on, The Guardian, 16-June-2009
==Notes==
 
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