Jorge L. Contreras

Jorge L. Contreras is an American legal scholar and attorney who is recognized as a leading global authority on intellectual property law, technical standardization and the law and policy of human genomics. 
==Background and Education==
Professor Contreras was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, and spend his childhood in South Florida and Texas. He attended Rice University in Houston, Texas (1984-88), where he double-majored in electrical engineering (concentration in lasers, semiconductors and solid state physics) and English (concentration in 19th century English literature). At Rice, Contreras held the elected offices of Rice Program Council (RPC) treasurer and Student Association treasurer, and was a member of the Marching Owl Band (MOB). During the summer of 1987 he studied English literature at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge University. Contreras attended Harvard Law School from 1988-91, where he earned his JD degree with honors and served as an editor of the Harvard Journal of Law and Technology and worked for Professor Laurence Tribe.
==Professional Positions and Appointments==
Contreras currently holds the rank of Presidential Scholar and Professor of Law at the University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law, with an adjunct appointment in the Department of Human Genetics at the University of Utah School of Medicine. He also serves as a Senior Policy Fellow at the Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property (PIJIP) at American University Washington College of Law. He has held prior academic appointments at American University Washington College of Law (2011-13) and Washington University in St. Louis School of Law (2010-11). For the past two years Prof. Contreras has taught a short course on international patent licensing and litigation at the East China University for Political Science and Law in Shanghai (ECUPL) and served as a TILT/TILEC fellow at Tilburg University in the Netherlands during 2018.
Prior to entering academia, Professor Contreras was a partner at the international law firm Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering, Hale and Dorr LLP, where he practiced transactional intellectual property law in Boston, MA, Washington, DC and London, UK. He clerked for Chief Justice Thomas R. Philips of the Texas Supreme Court during the 1991-92 court term.
==Scholarship and Writing==
Professor Contreras’s research focuses on patent and antitrust law, science policy, and technology standardization and innovation. He has edited eight scholarly books – two of which have been recognized by the UK-based IPKat blog as the “Best Patent Law Book of the Year”, and has published more than 100 academic articles and book chapters. His scholarship has appeared in Science, several Nature journals, Georgetown Law Journal, NYU Law Review, Iowa Law Review and other top-tier general and specialty law reviews, as well as peer reviewed law and policy journals. He has been quoted in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Economist, Washington Post, Bloomberg and Politico, and has been featured on radio shows produced by NPR, PRI and BBC. Prof. Contreras’s writing has been translated into French, Chinese, Japanese and Korean and he has lectured and spoken in more than two dozen countries on six continents. 
Patent Pledges
Professor Contreras was a pioneer in systematically identifying, cataloging and studying the legal mechanisms by which patent holders voluntarily waive certain rights to enforce their patents for a range of commercial and altruistic reasons (a, b, c). In 2020, building on this past theoretical work, Professor Contreras helped to create the Open COVID Pledge (d, e), a voluntary framework for the commitment of intellectual property rights to the Covid-19 response. To date, more than thirty corporations including Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Facebook, Amazon and Uber, together with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory, have pledged an estimated 500,000 patents to this cause on a royalty-free basis. He is currently helping to launch a similar project – the Low Carbon Patent Pledge -- in which companies have pledged several hundred patents to combat global climate change. 
Standardization Policy and Standards Essential Patents
Professor Contreras is among the most prolific writers in the field of standardization policy and standards-essential patents. He edited the two-volume Cambridge Handbook of Technical Standardization Law (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017, 2019), which is a definitive reference work in the field. His work in this area has been cited by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the European Commission and courts in the U.S. and Europe, including the decision of the UK High Court (Patents) in Unwired Planet v. Huawei (2017). From 2017-19, he, together with collaborators Justus Baron, Pierre Larouche and Martin Husovec, was commissioned by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to conduct a comprehensive study of governance mechanisms within standards development organizations.
Contreras is best known for a range of proposals intended to improve the efficiency, transparency, and fairness of the technical standardization process, particularly as it is affected by patents. These include the collective negotiation of patent royalty rates by participants in the standardization process Fixing FRAND: A Pseudo-Pool Approach to Standards-Based Patent Licensing, 79 Antitrust Law Journal 47 (2013)Aggregated Royalties for Top-Down FRAND Determinations: Revisiting 'Joint Negotiation', Antitrust Bulletin 62(4): 690-709 (2017), the use of the procedural interpleader mechanism to determine aggregate and individual royalty rates Rationalizing FRAND Royalties: Can Interpleader Save the Internet of Things?, 36 Review of Litigation 285 (2017), and the establishment of a non-governmental global rate-setting tribunal for the establishment of patent royalty rates Global Rate Setting: A Solution for Standard-Essential Patents?, 94 Washington Law Review 701 (2019). In addition, he has recently explored:
The Genomic Commons
Professor Contreras was among the first scholars to conceptualize the vast collection of publicly-available genomic data that emerged after the Human Genome Project within the theoretical framework of the knowledge commons [Prepublication Data Release, Latency, and Genome Commons, Science 23 Jul 2010: Vol. 329, Issue 5990, pp. 393-394 DOI: 10.1126/science.1189253Bermuda's Legacy: Policy, Patents and the Design of the Genome Commons, Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, Vol. 12, p. 61, 2011Data Sharing, Latency Variables and Science Commons, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Vol. 25, p. 1601, 2010The Genomic Commons, Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vol. 19:429-453, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021552 Constructing the Genome Commons, Governing Knowledge Commons (B. Frishcmann, M. Madison & K. Strandburg, eds. 2014 (Oxford)), a construct first developed by Elinor Ostrom and Charlotte Hess Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice (Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom eds., 2006) and later expanded by Brett Frischmann, Michael Madison and Kathleen Strandburg Constructing Commons in the Cultural Environment, Cornell Law Review, Vol. 95, p. 657, 2010.
Gene Patents
Professor Contreras’s forthcoming book The Genome Defense: Inside the Epic Legal Battle to Determine Who Owns Your DNA (New York: Algonquin, 2021) recounts the untold story of AMP v. Myriad, the ACLU’s unlikely lawsuit that ended gene patenting in America. Based on over a hundred interviews and thousands of pages of court and agency documentation, the book explains this complex case and subject in a manner intended for the general reader.
==Government and Professional Service==
In June, 2020, Professor Contreras testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary’s Subcommittee on Intellectual Property regarding issues of patent quality. In addition, he has served as the U.S. government’s expert on international intellectual property licensing in two major international transfer pricing cases, including Amazon.com v. Commissioner and Coca-Cola Co. v. Commissioner , the latter of which resulted in a $3 billion tax recovery by the government.
Professor Contreras has served on numerous governmental advisory committees and councils, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Council of Councils, the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research, and the Advisory Council of the National Center for the Advancement of Translational Sciences (NCATS). He served as a member of the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) delegation to the international Belmont Forum on earth data governance and currently serves on the Oversight Board of the University of Utah’s Veterans’ Administration Genealogy Project.
In addition to government service, he has advised the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) in various capacities, served on different committees of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Association of American Law Schools (AALS), sits on the Advisory Board of the American Antitrust Institute, and has served for two decades in the leadership of the American Bar Association’s (ABA) Section of Science and Technology Law, including five years as Co-Chair of the National Conference of Lawyers and Scientists. 
==Awards and Recognition==
Professor Contreras has received numerous awards and recognition for his scholarship, including the University of Utah’s Distinguished Researcher Award (2020), the University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law Faculty Scholarship Award (2018-19), the Daniels Fund Leadership in Ethics Education Award (2018), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Education Award (2018), the University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law Early Career Teaching Award (2015-16) and the Elizabeth Payne Cubberly Faculty Scholarship Award at American University (2014).
Category:American people
Category:American lawyers
Category:People from New York City