nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
OpenBondX

OpenBondX, LLC is an Alternative Trading System (ATS) upstart set to launch trading in U.S. corporate bonds in the first quarter of 2015. It will offer access to liquidity from both non-traditional and traditional providers in the secondary bond market. It is designed as an "all-to-all" system, meaning that any and all bond-trading participants, on both the buy side and sell side, are welcome to trade with all categories of counterparties. It promises to offer equal access and a transparent fee structure for all subscribers.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
* Alistair Brown, co-founder and CEO
* John Jacobs, COO 
== References ==
Open MiFID Alliance

The Open MiFID Alliance (OMA) is a pan-European alliance created in April 2007 by a consortium of technology vendors to aid financial institutions in complying with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID). A research report at the time found that 60 percent of European financial institutions were not expected to meet the November 2007 deadline for MiFID compliance. 
The alliance enables financial institutions to adopt practical solutions to accelerate the upgrade of their IT infrastructure and meet the regulatory requirements of the directive. 
The alliance is led by Avitis and Sun Microsystems. Partners include Mobius Management Systems, Inc., edge IPK, ULLINK and Gissing Software.
Alliance members have experience in risk and governance, business process management and integration, market data, records management and strategic consultancy. 
== References ==
Category:MiFID
Open outcry

Open outcry, also called pit trading, is the system of trading that formed the basis for exchange-based transactions, with participants physically located in a pit or other arena. Traders crowded into these pits or rings (often with several tiers) and used a system that mixed verbal bids and offers with hand signals. A contract was made if a trader yelled out his desire to sell at a certain price and another trader yelled out that he would buy at that price.
The system has been largely replaced by electronic trading, which reduces fixed costs and improves speed of execution. However, it is still employed for some specialized transactions at key venues including the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange and the New York Mercantile Exchange..
==Videos==
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== References ==
Category:Definitions
Openfinance

Openfinance is a trading platform based on a distributed ledger that uses tokenization to simplify electronic trading. The platform is built to simplify the process of applying anti-money laundering (AML), Know Your Customer (KYC), and legal compliance to trading cryptocurrency and other assets.
The company was acquired by the Gibralter-based trading platform INX in October 2020 for an undisclosed amount. As of June 29, 2021, it was not clear if Openfinance still operated. 
== Products and Services ==
Openfinance is a software platform that allows users to view a publicly-available whitelist of compliant, qualified broker-dealers, administrators, and agents in order to trade cryptocurrency assets. The platform can also manage multiple assets being handled by multiple trading entities. It also provides users with the ability to tokenize things they wish to trade, allowing existing businesses to enter the space and trade token-based securities. Juan Hernandez, the founder and CEO of Openfinance said in an interview with Crowdfund Insider in 2019 that if there was "an audience" for it, the platform could allow customers to tokenize and sell shares of non-traditional assets like artwork or intellectual property. Hernandez joked that this way, investors could tokenize shares of a Fabergé egg if they wanted to.
== Background ==
Hernandez created a platform for secondary market transfers of securities in alternative asset classes called CFX Markets in 2014. The aim was to take advantage of new investment opportunities created by the JOBS Act of 2012, in order to allow non-accredited investors to participate in alternative markets investing. When digital assets such as cryptocurrency began making headway into the mainstream in 2016, Hernandez began working with various agents and accredited investors within the emerging cryptocurrency market space to create a similar platform for cryptocurrency assets and other alternative assets. This was the beginning of Openfinance.
Development of the the platform began in 2017. Openfinance opened its beta on June 28, 2018. It moved out of beta and began offering its first STO in December 2018.
The platform launched in Q4 of 2018.
=== Fundraising ===
Openfinance raised funds in part through venture capital investments. One such investor was Chicago's West Loop Ventures; a manager for this company, Jeff Carter, is on the advisory board, along with Anthony Pompiliano of Morgan Creek Digital, and Tor Bair of Enigma MPC. In July 2018, Openfinance announced that it had hired James Stonebridge as its chief operating officer.
In August 2018, Huobi, one of the world's largest cryptocurrency exchanges, announced a strategic partnership and investment in Openfinance. The amount of the investment was not disclosed, but it was described as "significant." 
The company was acquired by INX in October 2020. 
== References ==
Category:Trading
Category: Distributed ledgers
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Operation Twist

Operation Twist is a monetary policy maneuver that involves selling shorter-term assets in order to buy more longer-term assets.
It was announced in September of 2011 that the Federal Reserve would perform such a move. By buying more of the existing supply of longer-term Treasuries, the intention was to nudge the price of those securities a little higher, or move the long-term interest rate a little lower. The hope was by lowering interest rates, there would be slightly more opportunity for households and firms to borrow or refinance and perhaps increase spending a bit.
In 2011, the Fed said that it intended over the course of the following nine months to sell about $400B worth of its Treasuries that had maturity between three months and three years in order to buy securities with maturities of six years or longer.
The expression "Operation Twist" was originally used to describe a plan implemented by the Kennedy administration and the Fed in 1961, and named after a dance popular at the time. The idea then was that the U.S. Treasury would replace some of its longer-term debt with shorter-term obligations, and the Fed would simultaneously sell some of its shorter-term securities and buy longer-term Treasuries.
On May 16, 2012, St. Louis Fed President James Bullard announced that Operation Twist should end according to its original schedule in June 2012. 
== Some Controversy ==
The Operation Twist move in 2011 was met with some controversy. A high-profile letter from Republicans urged the central bank not to intervene in the economy more than it already had. And within the Fed, three regional bank presidents, Richard Fisher of Dallas, Narayana Kocherlakota of Minneapolis and Charles Plosser of Philadelphia, dissented against the decision. 
On Sept. 27, 2011, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta President Dennis Lockhart said the decision to tweak the maturity of the Fed's massive balance sheet would likely have a “modest” impact on helping the economy achieve a better rate of growth.
== Research ==
Some early research (1966) by Franco Modigliani and Richard Sutch from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) concluded that the original Operation Twist was not terribly successful. 
Similarly, in a 2004 paper, Fed chairman Ben Bernanke downplayed the strategy's significance as a tool for promoting lower long-term rates.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco economist Eric Swanson presented a paper at the Brookings Institution, however, that made a convincing case that Operation Twist did succeed in its goal of modestly lowering long-term interest rates (PDF file).
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Operatorul Pietei de Energie Electrica si Gaze Naturale (OPCOM)

OPCOM is the Romanian electricity and gas market operator trading energy and environmental certificates as well as gas and green certificates bilateral contracts. More than 900 companies use its products.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Technology ==
OPCOM's platform has operated on Nasdaq's technology Since 2005. 
OPCOM entered into a market technology agreement with Nasdaq on Sept. 14, 2018 for Nasdaq to deliver new matching engine and clearing technology to OPCOM via the Nasdaq Financial Framework architecture. The deal allows OPCOM to offer additional services to their members and clients.
== Key People ==
== References ==
OppenheimerFunds, Inc.

OppenheimerFunds, Inc. is one of the largest and most respected asset management companies in the U.S. As of June 30, 2008, OppenheimerFunds, Inc., including subsidiaries and controlled affiliates, managed more than $225 billion in assets, including mutual funds having more than 6 million shareholder accounts.
OppenheimerFunds and its controlled affiliates offer a range of products and services to individuals, corporations and institutions, including mutual funds, separately managed accounts, investment management for institutions, hedge fund products, qualified retirement plans and subadvisory investment-management services.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Asset Managers
Category:Funds
Opportunity and Risk: An Educational Guide to Trading Futures and Options on Futures

This in-depth guide , created by the National Futures Association (NFA), describes how futures and options on futures contracts are traded and the various ways investors can participate in the futures markets. (93 pages) 
Contents:
*Introduction
*How the Markets Are Regulated
*Introduction to Futures Trading
*How to Participate in Futures Trading
*Introduction to Options on Futures 
*If a Dispute Should Arise
*Additional Resources
==References==
Category:NFA Publications
Option-adjustable-rate mortgages

Option adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) are adjustable rate mortgages that offer several different repayment options to borrowers. As with other adjustable rate mortgages, the interest rate on the mortgage changes, rather than being fixed. This means that when interest rates go down, so does the interest rate on the mortgage, but when interest rates rise, the mortgage interest rate also goes up. 
To compensate for the changes in the interest rate, the payments are periodically recalculated or “recast”, meaning that the amounts of the mortgage payments can vary from year to year, and sometimes month to month.
They are often touted as being highly flexible and useful for people who are trying to buy a first home, especially in the case of people with growing incomes. However, there are some serious dangers to an option ARM which should be carefully considered before committing to this type of loan. They often start out with a low introductory rate, but when the rates are recast, monthly payments can rise sharply to compensate for changes in the interest rate, giving borrowers payment shock.
One big danger of option ARMs is that they allow negative amortization, meaning that the borrower can pay less than the accrued interest every month, and that unpaid interest is added to the principal balance. Over time, the loan grows larger, rather than becoming smaller with the monthly payments. If an option ARM does become a negative amortization mortgage, the bank may recast the rates to keep the borrower on track, causing a jump in monthly payments.
== References ==
Category:Real Estate
Category:Interest Rates
Optionetics, Inc.

Optionetics, based in Redwood City, California and Sydney, Australia, is a provider of investment education services, including live seminars, proprietary software analytics, online and offline educational products and individual coaching. The company signed an agreement on April 28, 2009, to be acquired by OptionsXpress. 
Optionetics was founded in 1995 by Richard Cawood, its current Chief Executive Officer, and George Fontanills. Optionetics offers educational seminars and products under several brands including Optionetics and Safety in the Markets. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Richard Cawood, Chief Executive Officer 
*George Fontanills
== References ==
Category:Education Firms
Category:Market Educators
Category:Options
OptionsHouse, LLC

OptionsHouse LLC is an online options and equities broker, founded by PEAK6 Investments, L.P. in 2006. OptionsHouse was bought by private equity firm General Atlantic in late 2014, and simultaneously merged with tradeMonster while keeping the OptionsHouse name. 
In July 2016, E*Trade announced it would purchase OptionsHouse for $725 million. 
OptionsHouse has consistently ranked among the best brokers for options traders by Barron's in their annual online broker rankings, and consistently gains recognition for it's mobile platform. 
== Products and Services ==
The firm was launched with a simple one price fee structure, but in December 2009 that was changed to a tiered pricing structure based on the number of contracts traded. This marked a new strategy among the discount options brokers, who also offered flat rate pricing to their customers.
OptionsHouse's suite of products includes:
*Risk Viewer, a tool to provide insight into portfolio risk
*Call Spread Investigator, a scanning tool that identifies equity option call spreads with high theoretical returns
*Covered Call Investigator, a scanning tool that identifies equity option covered calls with high theoretical returns
*Put Spread Investigator, a tool that scans equity options to find put spreads with high theoretical returns.
*Stock Screener, the ability to identify potential investments based on personal ideas and sentiment.
*Probability Calculator, a tool that will calculate a given symbol's probability of reaching targets on a future date
*Trade Generator, a tool that identifies trades that match up to personal market sentiments.
OptionsHouse also provides streaming data and news, a profit and loss calculator as well as volatility charts. 
==History==
OptionsHouse was founded by PEAK6 in 2006 and used PEAK6's technology during its early years as it established itself as a discount retail brokerage for options.
OptionsHouse completed merging with tradeMONSTER in early 2015 to become a new stand-alone company retaining the OptionsHouse name. In the merger, General Atlantic acquired OptionsHouse from PEAK6 and separately acquired a majority interest in tradeMONSTER from its shareholders. General Atlantic owned a majority stake in the new combined company. During the merger, OptionsHouse migrated all of its customers to the tradeMonster platform since some of PEAK6's proprietary technology was integrated with OptionsHouse's original platform. 
In May 2016, OptionsHouse launched an FCM with the hopes that it could improve the longevity of its traders and take market share from larger online brokerages such as TD Ameritrade. 
On July 25, 2016, E*Trade announced its plans to buy OptionsHouse from General Atlantic for $725 million. This acquisition will give E*Trade 154,000 OptionsHouse accounts. In addition to these added customers, the acquisition is expected to increase E*Trade's clout in the derivatives space.
== Key People ==
*Michael Curcio, CEO
*Lance Braunstein, CIO
== References ==
Category:Brokers
Category:Option Brokers
Category:Securities Brokers
Category:Options
Category:OpitonsHouse
OptionsXpress Holdings, Inc.

__NOTOC__
OptionsXpress is a Chicago-based online broker that was acquired by Charles Schwab in 2011. OptionsXpress acquired Optionetics, Inc. in July of 2008. 
== History ==
OptionsXpress was founded in February 2000 in Chicago and launched its first trading Web site on Nov. 22 of that year. 
*In January 2007, optionsXpress acquired Chicago-based futures and forex broker XpressTrade, which offers 24-hour access top 25 exchanges through a browser-based trading platform.
*In 2008, the listed optionsXpress had a market capitalization of $1.4 billion and earnings per share (EPS) of $1.59 on 60.14 million shares outstanding. The brokerage continued to grow despite its reliance on the choppy retail-investment sector, boosting 2008 Q1 profits 12 percent to $23.8 million ($0.38 per share) and revenues 11 percent to $60.8 million thanks partly to its new XpressTrade futures-trading platform.
*In July of 2008, optionsXpress boosted its on-line futures-trading business by nabbing electronic trading platform Open E Cry for $18 million, $13 million in cash, plus unnamed future-performance payments. Open E Cry specializes in serving high-volume online futures traders, a market optionsXpress is seeking to expand into.
*On April 28, 2009, OptionsXpress Holdings, Inc. signed a definitive agreement to acquire Optionetics, Inc. in an all cash transaction for an initial $20 million. 
*In July of 2009, OptionsXpress announced it had launched a new trading tool called IDEAS.
*In March 2011, Charles Schwab announced it was acquiring OptionsXpress for $1 billion in a move to capitalize on the growing options trading sector. The deal was valued at $17.91 a share. After the announcement, OptionsXpress shares jumped 15 percent to $17.68 in morning trading but Schwab shares slipped 13 percent to $17.43. 
* In April of 2012, the SEC charged the firm in an alleged naked short selling scheme. It also accused the company, along with its former chief financial officer Thomas E. Stern and an affiliated dealer, of violating registration requirements in order to avoid an audit. 
== Key People ==
== Products and Services ==
OptionsXpress provides retail investors trading tools and education for the stock, options and futures markets.
== References ==
Category: Electronic Trading Platforms
Category:Brokerages
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Options
Category:Option Brokers
Category:Charles Schwab
Options Industry Conference

First held in 1982, the Options Industry Conference is an annual event jointly hosted by the U.S. Options Exchanges – ISE; BOX; CBOE; Nasdaq OMX; NYSE Euronext; – and The Options Clearing Corporation. Hosting responsibilities rotate among the exchanges and include venue selection, conference program and activities and all logistics planning. The conference is attended by representatives from all segments of the options business, including institutional and retail firm sales, strategy and trading professionals, buy-side end users, liquidity provider organizations, technology services representatives and exchange decision makers and key personnel, both domestic and international. The conference is traditionally held in late April or early May.
==2018 Conference==
The 2018 conference will be held at the Omni AmCelia Island Plantation on May 2 to 4.{{cite web|url=http://optionsconference.com/|name=Options Conference|org=Options Industry Conference|date=May 15, 2017]]
==2017 Conference==
The 2017 conference was held in the Camelback Inn Resort in Scottsdale, AZ from May 8-11, 2017.
== 2016 Conference==
The 2016 conference was held May 11 to 13, 2016 at the Terranea Resort, Rancho Palos Verdes, USA.
==2015 Conference==
The Options Industry Conference was held in Miami Beach, USA on May 6 to 8, 2015.
==2014 Conference==
The 2014 conference was held April 30 – May 2, 2014 in Austin, TX.
==2013 Conference==
The 31st Annual Options Industry Conference was held at the Green Valley Ranch Resort and Spa in Las Vegas.
== 2012 Conference == 
The 30th Annual Options Industry Conference was held May 3-5, 2012 in New Orleans, Louisiana. 
== 2011 Conference ==
The 29th Annual Options Industry Conference was held May 12-14, 2011 at the Westin Savannah Harbor Golf Resort & Spa and the Savannah International Trade & Convention Center in Savannah, Georgia. 
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== 2010 Conference == 
The 28th Annual Options Industry Conference was held April 29 - May 1, 2010, at the JW Marriott Desert Ridge Resort & Spa in Phoenix, Arizona. 
== External Links ==
*2010 Conference Website
*2011 Conference Website
== References ==
Category:Conferences
Options Linkage

All registered U.S. options markets are linked together on a real-time basis through a network capable of transporting orders and messages to and from each market. 
The charter of the linkage, according to The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), is to further increase market efficiency, enhance competition, facilitate the offsetting of investor orders, and contribute to best execution of those orders. Linkage is governed by the Options Linkage Authority (OLA) under the conditions set forth by "the Plan" approved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 
OLA consists of:
*American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
*Boston Options Exchange, Inc. (BOX)
*Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)
*International Securities Exchange (ISE)
*NYSE Arca, formerly Pacific Exchange, Inc.
*Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX) 
These participants developed the plan pursuant to an order issued by the SEC on Oct. 19, 1999, directing them to develop an option intermarket linkage plan.
The new routing setup, set to begin in summer of 2009, incorporates Regulation NMS-type rules and aims to improve execution quality for large lot orders. It is also expected to reduce costs for market makers and introduce various efficiencies to options trading.
== References ==
Category:Options
Category:OCC
Options News Network

Options News Network is a defunct online television channel which provided daily news and commentary about the options markets.
It was launched in May of 2008, but ONN.tv was shut down in May of 2010. It was closely affiliated with the brokerage firm OptionsHouse.
Both ONN.tv and OptionsHouse were started by PEAK6 Investments, L.P. 
== History ==
Initially devoted to equity options, ONN.tv had also planned to expand its programming to cover options on commodities, financial futures, indexes and ETFs. Some news reports were recorded live on the floor of the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).
Options News Network and analysis software producer OptionVue and The National Association of Online Investors (NAOI) have channel partnerships.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*E. Matthew Buckley, CEO
*Kevin Cook, reporter and editor
== References ==
Category:News Companies
Category:Defunct Companies
Options Regulatory Services Authority (ORSA)

The Options Regulatory Services Authority (ORSA) was created in June 2006 as part of the National Market System plan approved by the SEC and entered into by the (then) six U.S. options exchanges. It was established to look out for insider trading and facilitate collaboration in insider trading surveillance and investigations for the options exchanges. In addition to the original six exchanges (American Stock Exchange, Boston Stock Exchange, CBOE, International Securities Exchange, NYSE Arca and Philadelphia Stock Exchange), NASDAQ Options Markets, BATS Exchange, C2, NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc. and the Miami International Securities Exchange joined ORSA when they were approved as options exchanges.
CBOE is the regulatory services provider for ORSA. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Options Regulatory Surveillance Authority (ORSA)

The Options Regulatory Surveillance Authority (ORSA) is a national market system in which all nine U.S. options exchanges participate. It was formed in April 2006 (originally by CBOE, American Stock Exchange LLC, Boston Stock Exchange, International Securities Exchange, NYSE Arca, Inc. and Philadelphia Stock Exchange) so that all the U.S. options exchanges could jointly fulfill their statutory obligation to surveil the markets for instances of insider trading that involve listed options. 
The participants selected the CBOE to be the exclusive regulatory services provider on behalf of all of them. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
CBOE, C2, Amex, Arca, BATS, BOX, ISE, PHLX, Nasdaq.
== Key People ==
== References ==