Character encoding (Generation I)

In the Generation I core series games, a proprietary character encoding is used to store text data. Different languages use different encodings, although Western language games have very similar encodings to each other.
The Generation I encoding is largely similar to the Generation II encoding.
==Compatibility==
The exact character encoding differs between languages, although all Western languages use almost-equivalent encodings. The set of user-enterable characters is the same in all Western languages except German; in German, it is also possible to enter some letters with umlauts (ÄÖÜäöü).
In the Generation I and II games, the only supported cross-language compatibility is among the Western games. Attempting to trade or battle between a Western language game and a Japanese or Korean game (only the Generation II games are available in Korean) will usually result in some kind of corruption in both games, and is completely disabled in the Virtual Console releases. Between Western language games, the only text that can be transferred is the player's name, and the nicknames and Original Trainers of their party Pokémon.
Due to the encodings of Western language games mostly being compatible, when trading Pokémon between different Western languages, nicknames and Original Trainer names are usually displayed correctly, with the exception of characters with diacritics (such as letters with umlauts, and some characters obtainable in names in the Spanish versions of the Generation II games that cannot be entered by players). The Original Trainer of Pokémon obtained in in-game trades in Generation I is codepoint 0x5D, a control character that prints "TRAINER" in the game's language, meaning that it is automatically translated when traded between languages.
The Generation II character encoding for each language is almost the same as the Generation I encoding, with all user-enterable characters remaining at the same codepoints in both generations. Additionally, the English Generation II games support the letters with umlauts that can be entered in German games, unlike the English Generation I games. This means that trading Pokémon between Generation I and II games of the same language will not affect their nicknames or Original Trainer names.
===Pokémon Stadium===
When the player's name or the nickname or Original Trainer of a Pokémon from the handheld games is displayed in the Pokémon Stadium series, it needs to be transcoded between this character encoding and that of the Nintendo 64 game.
===Poké Transporter===
When transferring a Pokémon from a Generation I or II game via Poké Transporter, its nickname and Original Trainer need to be transcoded from this character encoding to that of Pokémon Bank. Due to differences in the characters that can be entered or otherwise appear in names in these games and the Generation VII games, some characters are not transcoded to the same characters they represent in these games.
==Rendering==
Due to how text is rendered in the Generation I core series games, all non-control characters take up the exact same amount of space (i.e. the games effectively use a ). In Western languages, some ligature characters exist to display two characters within the width of one (e.g. the character 's is the same width as s).
These same code points are used for both rendering text and other elements. For example, codepoints 0x01 to 0x48 are used for rendering map elements in the overworld, codepoints 0x79-0x7E are s used to draw the boundaries of text boxes, etc.
Some codepoints are used for different characters in different contexts. For example, 0xF0 usually represents the Pokémon Dollar symbol, but on the text entry interface it displays as ED instead.
==English==
The following represents the baseline values of these characters. In some contexts, many of these characters have their values overwritten.
Undefined characters simply print as spaces.
 	-0 	-1 	-2 	-3 	-4 	-5 	-6 	-7 	-8 	-9 	-A 	-B 	-C 	-D 	-E 	-F
0-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
1-	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles
2-	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles
3-	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles 	Map tiles
4-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
5-	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters
6-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	V 	S 	L 	M 	: 	ぃ 	ぅ
7-	‘ 	’ 	“ 	” 	・ 	… 	ぁ 	ぇ 	ぉ 	╔ 	═ 	╗ 	║ 	╚ 	╝ 	
8-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	J 	K 	L 	M 	N 	O 	P
9-	Q 	R 	S 	T 	U 	V 	W 	X 	Y 	Z 	( 	) 	: 	; 	[ 	]
A-	a 	b 	c 	d 	e 	f 	g 	h 	i 	j 	k 	l 	m 	n 	o 	p
B-	q 	r 	s 	t 	u 	v 	w 	x 	y 	z 	é 	'd 	'l 	's 	't 	'v
C-	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks
D-	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks 	Blanks
E-	' 	PK 	MN 	- 	'r 	'm 	? 	! 	. 	ァ 	ゥ 	ェ 	▷ 	▶ 	▼ 	♂
F-	 	× 	. 	/ 	, 	♀ 	0 	1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9
;Legend
* Variable text characters are characters whose values are overwritten in certain contexts to render different characters. Their default values are displayed in the table above; alternate possible values are detailed below.
* Control characters are special code points that either print a particular multi-character string or serve some functional purpose (such as marking the end of a line of text).
* Map tiles are sprites loaded from the current map's tileset. They are usually graphical rather than text.
The full list of characters that are available for user input are: A-Z and a-z, space, and the following: ×():;[]-?!♂♀/.,.
===Notes===
* 0x00 is a , used to mark null values and occasionally used as a delimiter.
* 0x60-0x6C are bold letters leftover from the Japanese version. Only V and S are used in the English version, appearing on the VS screen at the start of a link battle.
* 0x6D (default value) and 0x9C are both , but are visually distinct: 0x9C is bold relative to 0x6D. 0x9C is used in almost all cases (including in user input), except in the display of total playtime.
* 0x6E-0x6F, 0x76-0x78, and 0xE9-0xEB are Japanese and leftover in the character table from the Japanese version. They are not used in the English version.
* 0x74 is an leftover from the Japanese version. It is not used in the English version.
* 0x79-0x7E are used to draw the boundaries of text boxes. In the games themselves, they are rendered with Poké Balls in the corners.
* 0x7F is a .
* 0xBB-0xBF and 0xE4-0xE5 represent an apostrophe followed by a letter. These characters are used to render and in dialogue, so that the apostrophe does not take up an entire character-width of space.
* 0xC0-0xDF are usually blank, although some parts of the game may load characters in these code points.
** Letters with s that are user-enterable in the German version (ÄÖÜäöü) are located at 0xC0-0xC5 in Western languages other than English.
* 0xE8 and 0xF2 are both that render identically, though 0xF2 is horizontally offset by one pixel to the right as compared to 0xE8.
** In the Japanese games, the two code points represent visually distinct characters: 0xF2 is a decimal point and 0xE8 is punctuation.
** 0xF2 is used for user input; 0xE8 is used in the name of .
===Control characters===
Code points within the 0x49-0x5F range (with the exception of code point 0x4D, which defaults to tile 0x4D) are control characters. Instead of loading the tile they would correspond to from VRAM, they execute a piece of code. Additionally, the null code point 0x00 (which is not in this range) can be considered a control character.
There are three main categories of control character:
* Functional: Performs some function other than simply displaying text
* Static display: Prints a fixed string (which may contain multiple characters)
* Variable display: Prints the value of a text variable (which may contain multiple characters)
The static display control character 0x5D "TRAINER" is used as the Original Trainer of Pokémon obtained in in-game trades. Due to being a control character, this means that if the Pokémon is traded to a game in a different language, the Original Trainer is automatically updated to display "TRAINER" in that game's own language.
Code point	Short name 	Control type 	Description
0x00 	null 	none 	Marks a null value
0x49 	page 	Functional 	Begins a new Pokédex page
0x4A 	pkmn 	Static display 	Prints ""
0x4B 	_cont 	Functional 	Stops and waits for confirmation before scrolling the dialogue down by 1
0x4C 	autocont 	Functional 	Scroll dialogue down 1 without waiting for confirmation
0x4E 	next line 	Functional 	Move 1 line down in dialogue
0x4F 	bottom line 	Functional 	Write at the last line of dialogue
0x50 	end 	Functional 	Marks the end of a string
0x51 	paragraph 	Functional 	Begin a new dialogue page with button confirmation
0x52 	players name	Variable display	Prints the player's name
0x53 	rivals name 	Variable display	Prints the rival's name
0x54 	poke 	Static display 	Prints "POKé"
0x55 	cont 	Functional 	A variation of 0x4B and 0x4C
0x56 	…… 	Static display 	Prints "……"
0x57 	done 	Functional 	Ends text box
0x58 	prompt 	Functional 	Prompts to end textbox
0x59 	target 	Variable display	Prints the target of a move. If referring to the opponent's Pokémon, "Enemy " is prepended to the Pokémon's name. Used in battle; outside of battle, it will retain the last value that it stored.
0x5A 	user 	Variable display	Prints the user of a move. If referring to the opponent's Pokémon, "Enemy " is prepended to the Pokémon's name. Used in battle; outside of battle, it will retain the last value that it stored.
0x5B 	pc 	Static display 	Prints "PC"
0x5C 	tm 	Static display 	Prints "TM"
0x5D 	trainer 	Static display 	Prints "TRAINER"
0x5E 	rocket 	Static display 	Prints "ROCKET"
0x5F 	dex 	Functional 	Prints "." and ends the Pokédex entry
===Variable characters===
Code points in the 0x60-0x7E range vary depending on the context in which they are rendered. Normally these code points contain the characters listed in the table above, but in certain contexts different characters overwrite them. Even when some characters from this set are replaced, others may remain as their default values.
The alternate tilesets listed below are some of the alternate characters that use these codepoints. They are not necessarily a complete list of all cases in which these codepoints are overwritten.
====HP bar tileset====
This tileset is loaded when the game needs to draw HP bars, such as in battle and on status screens. (Note that screens that load this tileset may load additional tilesets that override some of these characters as well.)
Code point	Originalcharacter	Newcharacter	Notes
0x62 	C 	 	Right half of HP: (looks like ↄ:), with left tip of an HP bar
0x63 	D 	 	HP bar segment (empty)
0x64 	E 	 	HP bar segment (1/8)
0x65 	F 	 	HP bar segment (1/4)
0x66 	G 	 	HP bar segment (3/8)
0x67 	H 	 	HP bar segment (1/2)
0x68 	I 	 	HP bar segment (5/8)
0x69 	V 	 	HP bar segment (3/4)
0x6A 	S 	 	HP bar segment (7/8)
0x6B 	L 	 	HP bar segment (full)
0x6C 	M 	 	Right tip of an HP bar.
0x6D 	: 	 	Vertical text box boundary, with the right tip of an HP bar
0x6E 	ぃ 	:L 	Abbreviation for "Level"
0x6F 	ぅ 	◢ 	Upper half arrow pointing left. Used to draw a half box pointing left, such as around the player's Pokémon's HP bar.
0x70 	‘ 	to 	Used on the Pokémon summary screen in the experience to next level display.
0x71 	’ 	 	Left half of HP: (looks like HI)
0x72 	“ 	『 	Japanese thick left quotation mark. Leftover from the Japanese version; unused in the English version.
0x73 	” 	ID 	Used on the Pokémon summary screen in the Trainer ID number header.
0x74 	・ 	№ 	Used for Pokédex numbers and in the Trainer ID number header.
0x75 	⋯ 	⋯ 	Unchanged
0x76 	ぁ 	─ 	Box-drawing character
0x77 	ぇ 	─ 	Box-drawing character
0x78 	ぉ 	◣ 	Upper half arrow pointing right. Used to draw a half box pointing right, such as around the opposing Pokémon's HP bar.
0x79 	╔ 	╔ 	Unchanged
0x7A 	═ 	═ 	Unchanged
0x7B 	╗ 	╗ 	Unchanged
0x7C 	║ 	║ 	Unchanged
0x7D 	╚ 	╚ 	Unchanged
0x7E 	╝ 	╝ 	Unchanged
====Other tilesets====
These are some of the other characters that can replace the default characters in certain tilesets. The following is not a single tileset, but a list of instances of various tilesets that overwrite characters
Code point	Originalcharacter	Newcharacter	Tileset 	Notes
0x60 	A 	′ 	Pokédex screen 	Feet unit symbol
0x61 	B 	″ 	Pokédex screen 	Inches unit symbol
0x62 	▶ 	▲ 	map 	
0x72 	“ 	P 	Status screen 	Bold P used as part of
0xF0 	 	ED 	Text entry screen	Used as the submit button
===Tilemap sections===
The game sections off various areas of the tilemap loaded into and each character code directly corresponds to a tile in the tilemap. Not all tiles in the tilemap are accessible via character code, but many are.
# VRAM addresses 0x9000 to 0x9480 correspond to a portion of the current tileset of the map. Character codes 0x01 to 0x48 and 0x4D directly correspond to them. For example, while the player is outside, tile #3 is the animated flower so character code 0x03 will place the animated flower in text, but in other locations (such as in battle or in a cave), a completely different tile will be displayed.
## Characters 0x49 - 0x5F are also in this same section, but with the exception of 0x4D, they are control characters that link to code rather than the tile they would normally correspond to.
# VRAM addresses 0x9600 to 0x97F0 partially corresponds to characters 0x60-0x7F. This is where the user interface tiles are stored, such as bold letters and tiles that are used to draw borders for text boxes and menus. The space character is also in this range. These tiles can sometimes change, meaning that characters that reference them may print out a different tile image; however, they are far more consistent than tiles in the 0x9000 to 0x9480 range.
# VRAM addresses 0x8800 to 0x8BF0 corresponds to characters 0x80-0xBF. This is where the main font is placed when rendering text.
# VRAM addresses 0x8C00 to 0x8DF0 are split into 2 tile sections:
## The range 0xC0-0xDF is reserved for certain areas that need extra space for extra tiles. As such, they are usually unoccupied, so normally only print blank characters. The player info screen is an example of a screen that uses some of this space.
## The range 0xE0-0xFF includes numbers, some symbols, and more user interface characters. The player-enterable characters , , and gender symbols are also stored here.
==French & German==
 	-0 	-1 	-2 	-3 	-4 	-5 	-6 	-7 	-8 	-9 	-A 	-B 	-C 	-D 	-E 	-F
0-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
1-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
2-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
3-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
4-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
5-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
6-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	V 	S 	L 	M 	: 	 	
7-	‘ 	’ 	“ 	” 	・ 	⋯ 	 	 	 	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	
8-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	J 	K 	L 	M 	N 	O 	P
9-	Q 	R 	S 	T 	U 	V 	W 	X 	Y 	Z 	( 	) 	: 	; 	[ 	]
A-	a 	b 	c 	d 	e 	f 	g 	h 	i 	j 	k 	l 	m 	n 	o 	p
B-	q 	r 	s 	t 	u 	v 	w 	x 	y 	z 	à 	è 	é 	ù 	ß 	ç
C-	Ä 	Ö 	Ü 	ä 	ö 	ü 	ë 	ï 	â 	ô 	û 	ê 	î 	 	 	
D-	 	 	 	 	c' 	d' 	j' 	l' 	m' 	n' 	p' 	s' 	's 	t' 	u' 	y'
E-	' 	PK 	MN 	- 	+ 	 	? 	! 	. 	 	 	 	▷ 	▶ 	▼ 	♂
F-	 	× 	. 	/ 	, 	♀ 	0 	1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9
==Italian & Spanish==
 	-0 	-1 	-2 	-3 	-4 	-5 	-6 	-7 	-8 	-9 	-A 	-B 	-C 	-D 	-E 	-F
0-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
1-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
2-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
3-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
4-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
5-	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure 	Unsure
6-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	V 	S 	L 	M 	: 	 	
7-	‘ 	’ 	“ 	” 	・ 	⋯ 	 	 	 	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	Text box borders	
8-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	J 	K 	L 	M 	N 	O 	P
9-	Q 	R 	S 	T 	U 	V 	W 	X 	Y 	Z 	( 	) 	: 	; 	[ 	]
A-	a 	b 	c 	d 	e 	f 	g 	h 	i 	j 	k 	l 	m 	n 	o 	p
B-	q 	r 	s 	t 	u 	v 	w 	x 	y 	z 	à 	è 	é 	ù 	À 	Á
C-	Ä 	Ö 	Ü 	ä 	ö 	ü 	È 	É 	Ì 	Í 	Ñ 	Ò 	Ó 	Ù 	Ú 	á
D-	ì 	í 	ñ 	ò 	ó 	ú 	º 	& 	'd 	'l 	'm 	'r 	's 	't 	'v 	
E-	' 	PK 	MN 	- 	¿ 	¡ 	? 	! 	. 	 	 	 	▷ 	▶ 	▼ 	♂
F-	 	× 	. 	/ 	, 	♀ 	0 	1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9
The lowercase m (0xAC) in the French, German, Italian & Spanish version is stylized differently compared to the English version.
==Japanese==
Technically all characters under 0x60 are control characters, the majority of which have the behavior of causing a specific character from the main font (0x80-0xFF) to be printed with a diacritic in the space above it. Those characters that have different, more complicated functions are detailed below.
 	-0 	-1 	-2 	-3 	-4 	-5 	-6 	-7 	-8 	-9 	-A 	-B 	-C 	-D 	-E 	-F
0-	NULL 	イ゙ 	ヴ 	エ゙ 	オ゙ 	ガ 	ギ 	グ 	ゲ 	ゴ 	ザ 	ジ 	ズ 	ゼ 	ゾ 	ダ
1-	ヂ 	ヅ 	デ 	ド 	ナ゙ 	ニ゙ 	ヌ゙ 	ネ゙ 	ノ゙ 	バ 	ビ 	ブ 	ボ 	マ゙ 	ミ゙ 	ム゙
2-	ィ゙ 	あ゙ 	い゙ 	ゔ 	え゙ 	お゙ 	が 	ぎ 	ぐ 	げ 	ご 	ざ 	じ 	ず 	ぜ 	ぞ
3-	だ 	ぢ 	づ 	で 	ど 	な゙ 	に゙ 	ぬ゙ 	ね゙ 	の゙ 	ば 	び 	ぶ 	べ 	ぼ 	ま゙
4-	パ 	ピ 	プ 	ポ 	ぱ 	ぴ 	ぷ 	ぺ 	ぽ 	ま゚ 	Control 	Control 	Control 	も゚ 	Control 	Control
5-	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters	Control characters
6-	A 	B 	C 	D 	E 	F 	G 	H 	I 	V 	S 	L 	M 	： 	ぃ 	ぅ
7-	「 	」 	『 	』 	・ 	… 	ぁ 	ぇ 	ぉ 	Text box borders 	Text box borders 	Text box borders 	Text box borders 	Text box borders 	Text box borders 	
8-	ア 	イ 	ウ 	エ 	オ 	カ 	キ 	ク 	ケ 	コ 	サ 	シ 	ス 	セ 	ソ 	タ
9-	チ 	ツ 	テ 	ト 	ナ 	ニ 	ヌ 	ネ 	ノ 	ハ 	ヒ 	フ 	ホ 	マ 	ミ 	ム
A-	メ 	モ 	ヤ 	ユ 	ヨ 	ラ 	ル 	レ 	ロ 	ワ 	ヲ 	ン 	ッ 	ャ 	ュ 	ョ
B-	ィ 	あ 	い 	う 	え 	お 	か 	き 	く 	け 	こ 	さ 	し 	す 	せ 	そ
C-	た 	ち 	つ 	て 	と 	な 	に 	ぬ 	ね 	の 	は 	ひ 	ふ 	へ 	ほ 	ま
D-	み 	む 	め 	も 	や 	ゆ 	よ 	ら 	リ 	る 	れ 	ろ 	わ 	を 	ん 	っ
E-	ゃ 	ゅ 	ょ 	ー 	゜ 	゛ 	? 	! 	。 	ァ 	ゥ 	ェ 	▷ 	▶ 	▼ 	♂
F-	円 	× 	. 	/ 	ォ 	♀ 	0 	1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9
0xE4 and 0xE5 cause the following character to be printed with that diacritic above it.
===Japanese control characters===
* 0x4A: Prints が 
* 0x52: Prints the player's name.
** In , the default value is ゲーフリ1 in Japanese games.
* 0x53: Prints the rival's name.
** In , the default value isクリチャ in Japanese games.
* 0x54: Prints ポケモン in Japanese games.
* 0x59: Prints the inactive Pokémon's name in battle. (In specific circumstances, the game may "pretend" that the inactive Pokémon is actually active and vice versa.)
** てきの　 in Japanese games.
* 0x5A: Prints the active Pokémon's name in battle. The default value is empty. (In specific circumstances, the game may "pretend" that the active Pokémon is actually inactive and vice versa.)
* 0x5B: Prints パソコン in Japanese games.
* 0x5C: Prints わざマシン in Japanese games.
* 0x5D: Prints トレーナー in Japanese games.
* 0x5E: Prints ロケットだん in Japanese games.
==Related articles==