nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Pinan Shodan moves 15-17 application one

== Notes ==
Shuto to the right. Mirror image of the previous sequence with the other arm. Using the shuto as the first movement of the sequence even though it was used in the end of the previous sequence. The following two sequences are just variations of drill 4. They're done at an angle to the opponent rather than face on.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
* Opponent has hold of your left wrist with his right hand
* The angle to the left indicates that's the angle to take to the opponent. Move round to the opponent's right side.
* Pull down towards your chest with your left arm.
* The down right to upper left upstroke of the shuto movement catches the opponent's arm at the elbow forcing it to bend to 90° using your upper forearm.
* The cross stroke left to right of the "block" portion of the shuto-uke moves the opponent's elbow to the right, his hand still grips your left wrist.
* The movement and your forward step rotates the opponent anti-clockwise and causes him to bend. Your right hand now rests on his upper arm and his right forearm is trapped in the crook of your right elbow.
* The upstroke of the shuto-uke frees your left arm from the grip of your opponent's right arm.
* Step forward and the cross stroke of the shuto from right to left places the left hand on the the opponent's head, shoulder, neck or face, depending on what you can get hold of.
* This next movement in the kata is to rotate 45° to the left and pull the opponent over backwards. Remember that his right shoulder is locked in your right arm and this movement dislocates the shoulder.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 18-20 application one

== Notes ==
The uchi-ude-uke sections. Uchi-uke is known by both names; uchi-uke and soto-uke by different styles, so the name is ambiguous. The alternative name uchi-ude-uke (inside to outside) is not ambiguous and should be used instead.
Simple arm up the back application: aka hammer lock.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent grips your left lower forearm or wrist with his right arm.
# Bring right arm across right to left and grab the opponent's elbow or clothing at the elbow.
# Rotate back across to the right, pulling the opponent round, rotating him anti-clockwise.
# The hikite pulling the left hand to the hip frees it from the opponent's grip.
# Kick the back of the knee on the opponent's right leg and push down. This brings him to knee level.
# Because you haven't moved your arm, pressure on his shoulder will cause him to bend forward.
# The "punch" just thrusts his arm up his back.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 18-20 application two

== Notes ==
Slight variation. The basic premise is the same though uses the forearm to rotate the opponent and punches him.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent grips your left lower forearm or wrist with his right arm.
# Bring right arm across right to left and hook the opponent's elbow with your forearm.
# Rotate back across to the right, pulling the opponent round, rotating him anti-clockwise.
# The hikite pulling the left hand to the hip frees it from the opponent's grip.
# Kick the back of the knee on the opponent's right leg and push down. This brings him to knee level.
# Punch to the back of the neck or right side of the jaw, which should now be exposed at chudan level.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 21-23 application one

== Notes ==
Mirror image of drill the previous sequence. Simple arm up the back application; hammer lock.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
* Opponent grips your right lower forearm or wrist with his left arm.
* Bring left arm across left to right and grab the opponent's clothing or elbow.
* Rotate back across to the left, pulling the opponent round, rotating him clockwise.
* Kick the back of the knee on the opponent's left leg and push down. This brings him to knee level and forces him to bend over.
* The "punch" simply pushes the arm up his back, possible shoulder damage.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 21-23 application two

== Notes ==
Mirror image of drill the previous sequence.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
* Opponent grips your right lower forearm or wrist with his left arm.
* Bring left arm across left to right and hook the opponent's elbow with your forearm.
* Rotate back across to the left, pulling the opponent round, rotating him clockwise.
* Kick the back of the knee on the opponent's left leg and push down. This brings him to knee level.
* Punch to the back of the neck or left side of the jaw, which should now be exposed at chudan level.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 24-26 application one

== Notes ==
Morote-uke - "reinforced" technique for dealing with a strong grip. 
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent is holding your left forearm or wrist in a strong grip with his right hand.
# The cross stroke from right to left of your right arm grabs the opponent's elbow.
# Rather than pulling, the left hand is placed adjacent to your right elbow with the opponent still gripping your wrist. This bends his elbow to 90° and provides leverage.
# Lunge forward with your right leg forward and bring both arms together across from left up to right. This causes the opponent to rotate anti-clockwise and bend over. Still gripping your wrist.
# The rotation (along with the following gedan-barai) will pull your left wrist out the opponent's grip.
# The rotation of the body frees your left hand from the opponent's grip. You still have your opponent's elbow in your grip.
# The upsweep of the left hand gedan-barai grabs the opponent's hair or collar.
# The downsweep of the gedan-barai and rotation pulls the opponent over backwards.
# The opponent is left at your feet, right elbow in your right hand and head or collar in your left.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 26-28 application one

== Notes ==
Age-uke section of the kata. There are a number of differences between "styles" in this section, primarily due to the different angles of attack. Shorin-ryu variant the gedan-barai and age-uke are at 90° to the opponent, Shotokan the gedan-barai is usually at 90° and the age-uke at 45°, Wado-ryu and Shito-ryu both gedan-barai and age-uke are performed at 45°. This would seem to be to target more to the front of the opponent rather than the side. i.e. make it easier to hit his neck.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent holds your right forearm with his left hand.
# Pull hikite with your right arm towards your right hip.
# Move round to the left of the opponent and strike down at his left elbow with the gedan barai, this will cause it to bend and fold.
# This also causes the opponent to bend over to the left.
# Stepping forward in zenkutsu-dachi places your leg to your right side of the opponent.
# The left hand movement of the age-uke frees your right arm of the grip of the opponent and pulls hikite towards your left hip.
# The rising movement of the right arm in the age-uke strikes the opponent round the neck area, aiming approximately at the carotid artery.
# After hitting him, grip the opponent's hair or collar with the right hand.
# Rotate to the right pulling the opponent over approximately backwards.
# He should end up on his back at your feet.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 28-30 application one

== Notes ==
This is a mirror image of the previous section and runs to the end of the kata.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent holds your left forearm with his right hand.
# Pull hikite with your left arm towards your left hip.
# Move round to the right of the opponent and strike down at his right elbow with the gedan barai, this will cause it to bend and fold.
# This also causes the opponent to bend over to the right.
# Stepping forward in zenkutsu-dachi places your leg to your left side of the opponent.
# The right hand movement of the age-uke frees your right arm of the grip of the opponent and pulls hikite towards your right hip.
# The rising movement of the left arm in the age-uke strikes the opponent round the neck area, aiming approximately at the carotid artery.
# After hitting him, grip the opponent's hair or collar with the left hand.
# Rotate backwards and to the left pulling the opponent over approximately backwards.
# He should end up on his back at your feet.
# end of kata
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 4-6 application one

== Notes ==
In most grappling based martial arts this would probably be called a variation of a figure four arm lock. This is simply the mirror image of the previous sequence, for the left arm. Because most people are right handed it is probably the more likely to happen.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# The the sequence begins with the opponent gripping your left hand, wrist or forearm with his right hand.
# Step round to the right of the opponent while dropping your weight back.
# Raise the gripped left arm above your head, raise your right behind his upper arm.
# You have caught your opponent's arm using your right arm. By pushing down with your left you are using your arm as a fulcrum and levering his arm and shoulder backwards causing him to lean over backwards.
# Pulling your right arm towards your ear allows you to grab his right elbow with your right hand.
# Pull the opponent's elbow up and over with your right hand and his wrist down towards your hip with your left.
# This movement dislocates the opponent's right shoulder.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Shodan moves 7-9 application one

== Notes ==
This is an interesting sequence, the Pinans and Heians differ slightly by karate style. Pinan Shodan simply shows an uchi-uke to the rear while the Heian Nidan version of the kata explicitly shows Koshi Kamae or "cup and saucer" posture with one hand on top of the other. This very often represents an arm bar position and uses an uraken (back fist strike) instead to represent the same movement as the uchi-ude-uke. The application is the same (basically) for both.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# Heian Nidan and Pinan Shodan. In both cases the opponent is holding your right lower arm with his left and in both cases in the kata turning towards the rear indicates the angle you will take relative to the opponent. i.e. You will be behind him.
# In both katas the right arm comes across your body towards the left hip. This in both cases causes the opponent to rotate clockwise away from you and present his back as his arm is forced to rotate anti-clockwise (from your perspective). In the Heian kata, he is explicitly put into an arm bar with your right elbow on top of his left elbow.
# In both katas the left hand at the left hip, strips the opponent's grip. Control of his left arm is retained in your left hand.
# The movement in both katas accomplishes the same thing whether it is represented as a block or a strike. You are grabbing the back of the opponent's neck; his collar, his hair, his jacket near neck etc. Since your hand is moving into the vicinity anyway, it's common to "add" a strike to the neck or head.
# The kick in both cases obviously kicks out the back of the opponent's knee, against his closest leg causing it to fold under him.
# You still have hold of the opponent's left wrist in your left hand, and his collar in your right.
# Turn away from him to the front and pull him over backwards, opening your grip. He ends up lying at your feet on his back. If you retained your grip on his left wrist for long enough as he falls he will also have a dislocated shoulder.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 1-2 application one

== Notes ==
This technique has a superficial similarity to the opening of Pinan Shodan / Heian Nidan. Largely for the same reason, you are using two arms to apply leverage to one of the opponent's arms. In Pinan Shodan you are bending it, and in Pinan Yondan you are keeping it straight.
Simple elbow break.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent standing facing you, having a grip of your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left hand.
# Step round to your right, (the left of the opponent) while dropping your weight back.
# Place your left arm underneath the elbow of the opponent, try to position the forearm at the elbow.
# Now push up with the left arm, driving at the elbow. Use your right, (gripped) arm to make sure the opponent's arm stays straight in a rising arm bar. There may be resistance to the movement.
# This pushing up to vertical will cause the opponent to move slightly behind you.
# Switch directions 180° clockwise to face the other way.
# There are some variations between karate styles on the exact movement downwards, the heian katas and shotokan drop all the way to the hip, shorin tend to drop to just below shoulder height. The fact of the matter is the impact points differ very slightly but the technique is identical. The shotokan target is the shoulder, the wado-ryu, shito-ryu and shorin-ryu is perhaps more the upper part of the left arm. It's only necessary to move the arms below shoulder level for the technique to be effective. The shotokan drop to hip level indicates with force.
# The act of dropping your hands downwards causes the opponent's elbow to impact your left shoulder or upper arm at speed, your left hand should also be assisting the downward push on his arm to aid the impact. It's interesting that in many kata performances the downward motion is often done cursorily.
# Result, opponent has a broken left elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 10-12 application one

== Notes ==
Mirror to the previous drill. Relatively obvious application. Elbow to the temple.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent standing facing you, having a grip of your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left hand.
# Simply rolling your arm and bringing it across your body pulls the opponent into an arm bar with your right elbow on top of his left elbow. This is probably the most common application of the koshi kamae posture.
# In most styles, the kata turns left and kicks with mae-geri. The Heian variant maintains a front face and kicks with yoko-geri instead. All kicks historically were low, and so are aimed at the back of the knee. Step forward and drive the knee to the floor.
# Place right hand on the opposite side of the opponent's head and then strike strongly with Mae mawashi empi uchi to the opponent's temple.
# This will at a minimum, render the opponent unconscious.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 13-17 application one

== Notes ==
This is reminiscent of the opening movements to Pinan Shodan, though attacking the elbow rather than the shoulder. It's an elbow break, but not a simple one.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left.
# There are a couple of differences between the Pinan and Heian variants. The application is the same for both, the Heian variant is a little more explicit on the movements and also more confusing due to the larger movements.
# In the Heian version there is an explicit gedan shuto-barai with the left arm crossing right to left and the right hand rises in opposition to this. In the Pinan variants this movement is far smaller and is closer to reality. It's a right to left scooping motion which bends the opponent's left elbow and causes him to rotate 180° clockwise. He is left facing away from you with his back to you, left arm locked back over his shoulder between your arm and body.
# Note that as he still has your right wrist, you will have to extend your right arm out horizontally to allow the rotation, or indeed to aid it. This is usually called teisho-uke or nagashi-uke, in the Heian variant it's interpreted as a strike.
# The kick is to the back of the knee and will cause it to collapse.
# You have to follow the opponent down at this point, which is why kosa-dachi is used.
# As you kick, you bring your right arm down and round, gripping the wrist as you do so.
# Your left hand grips the elbow.
# Then you pull up to the right with your right hand (uchi-uke in some styles, others otoshi-uraken-uchi strike) and down to your hip with the left, pulling the elbow down.
# The mechanical effect is similar to the opening of pinan shodan and it causes severe damage to the elbow joint.
# The turn 225° anti-clockwise frees your arm of the opponent and leaves him lying on the ground.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 17-20 application one

== Notes ==
A simpler elbow attack than the previous sequence, which must be at 45° to function. The Heian version looks quite different but in reality the application is the same. It's functionally similar to the uchi-uke application in Pinan Shodan / Heian Nidan but attacks the elbow rather than shoulder.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left.
# Move round to your right, the left of the opponent, about 45° as the kata indicates the angle required.
# The uchi-ude-uke grabs and bends the opponent's left elbow then and drags it across to your left. This causes the opponent to rotate clockwise and face away from you.
# The "double block" in the Heian version of the kata simply raises the opponent's elbow and wrist, causing him to fold over.
# The kick mae-geri is low, to the back of the knee and the step down forces the knee to the ground.
# Because the opponent is lowered, he will have to bend over because of the arm position.
# The first "punch" oi-tsuki pushes the arm up the back with the hikite forcing him over further. So far this is almost identical to the Pinan shodan application.
# The second "punch" gyaku-tsuki in conjunction with the hikite does the opposite, it straightens the arm violently and breaks the elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 21-24 application one

== Notes ==
Mirror image of the previous drill. A simpler elbow attack than the front on sequence, which must be at 45° to function. The Heian version looks quite different but in reality the application is the same. It's functionally similar to the uchi-uke application in Pinan Shodan / Heian Nidan but attacks the elbow rather than shoulder.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your left hand, wrist or forearm with his right.
# Move round to your left, the right of the opponent, about 45° as the kata indicates the angle required.
# The uchi-ude-uke grabs and bends the opponent's right elbow then and drags it across to your right. This causes the opponent to rotate anti-clockwise and face away from you.
# The "double block" in the Heian version of the kata simply raises the opponent's elbow and wrist, causing him to fold over.
# The kick mae-geri is low, to the back of the knee and the step down forces the knee to the ground.
# Because the opponent is lowered, he will have to bend over because of the arm position.
# The first "punch" oi-tsuki pushes the arm up the back with the hikite forcing him over further. So far this is almost identical to the Pinan shodan application.
# The second "punch" gyaku-tsuki in conjunction with the hikite does the opposite, it straightens the arm violently and breaks the elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 25-29 application one

== Notes ==
Another elbow break, using your knee this time. The three uchi-ude-uke or morote-uke techniques are simply "winding up" the opponent's arm and positioning him to allow you to break the elbow braced across your knee.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left.
# The first uchi-ude-uke or morote-uke crosses left to right and grasps the opponent's left elbow. The move back across turns the opponent clockwise about 90° and causes him to bend.
# The second uchi-ude-uke or morote-uke rotates the wrist up the opponent's back in a hammer lock.
# The third just raises his arm in the lock to force him over horizontal.
# The final movement of the sequence is simply to brace the opponent's elbow against your knee and pull down hard.
# Result broken elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 3-4 application one

== Notes ==
Mirror image of the previous sequence even with the juji-uke. This technique has a superficial similarity to the opening of Pinan Shodan / Heian Nidan. Largely for the same reason, you are using two arms to apply leverage to one of the opponent's arms. In Pinan Shodan you are bending it, and in Pinan Yondan you are keeping it straight.
Simple elbow break.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent standing facing you, having a grip of your left hand, wrist or forearm with his right hand.
# Step round to your left, (the right of the opponent) while dropping your weight back.
# Place your right arm underneath the elbow of the opponent, try to position the forearm at the elbow.
# Now push up with the right arm, driving at the elbow. Use left right, (gripped) arm to make sure the opponent's arm stays straight in a rising arm bar.
# This pushing up to vertical will cause the opponent to move slightly behind you.
# Switch directions 90° anti-clockwise to face the front.
# The juji-uke (X block) isn't specifically part of the movement, it's just part of the downward sweep of the arms.
# The act of dropping your hands downwards causes the opponent's elbow to impact your right shoulder or upper arm at speed, your right hand should also be pushing down on his arm to aid the impact.
# Result, opponent has a broken right elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 30 application one

== Notes ==
Very simple use of shuto-uke as an elbow attack.
== Sequence ==
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left.
# Move round to your right towards the opponent's left side.
# Pull the arm straight with your right hand pulling hikite.
# Your left simply comes up under the opponents arm on the up stroke of the shuto.
# The down stroke of the shuto impacts the opponent's elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Yondan moves 31 application one

== Notes ==
Very simple use of shuto-uke as an elbow attack. Mirror of the previous sequence.
== Sequence ==
== Description ==
# Sequence begins with the opponent facing you holding your left hand, wrist or forearm with his right.
# Move round to your left towards the opponent's right side.
# Pull the arm straight with your left hand pulling hikite.
# Your right arm simply comes up under the opponents arm on the up stroke of the shuto.
# The down stroke of the shuto impacts the opponent's elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan