Femslash

:For pages with similar titles, see Femslash (disambiguation).
Femslash is derived from 'female slash', and refers to a genre of fan fiction featuring female characters involved in a romantic or sexual relationship. In English, it is the most common media fandom term for homosexual relationships between female characters.In August 2008, there were about 223,000 hits for femslash and about 100,000 hits for femmeslash in Google. The term sapphic is preferred in some communities, although that applies to both mainstream and fanfic wlw stories.
==History==
The history of femslash most likely dates to early Star Trek fandom around 1970, with two of the first known femslash fics being published at this time. Kismet, a Chapel/Uhura fic by Dani Morin was published the US zine Obsc'zine. Another story, And Then..., is set on a Klingon ship featuring original characters, by C.M was published sometime between 1975 and 1977 in the British zine Obsczine. While both zines, Obsc'zine (US) and Obsczine (UK), had nearly identical names and were published in the same year, they were not connected in any way.
While femslash communities remained small in the 70s and 80s, the 90s brought the premiered of Xena: Warrior Princess, and with it new wave of femslash related content. Xena was the first popular SFF show that featured two female leads that regularly interacted with one another. 
An active altfic community quickly developed around Xena, particularly after the lead characters shared a (confusing) kiss in Season 2. In the Season 2 episode "The Xena Scrolls" alternate universe versions of the principle characters also appeared, which led to a whole subgenre of Xena fanfiction known as uber. It was one of the first incidents of a fandom embracing the AU and is especially notable as many of these AUs/uber fics were later converted into original works that were then published as lesbian romance novels.
As more well defined female characters were introduced across fandoms and more queer relationships, such as Willow/Tara, began to became canon, the femslash fandom continued to slowly grow.
==Terminology==
===Alt===
:Alt or Altfic, short for 'alternative fiction', originated in the 1990s in the the Xenaverse where it is the preferred term for Xena/Gabrielle fiction. The term (and the fandom) developed independently of slash fandom and its history. When some XWP bards started writing Janeway/Seven, Willow/Tara and other f/f fiction, the term followed these authors to Star Trek: Voyager and BtVS fandom where it coexisted with other terminology such as femslash and femmeslash. In 2000 one of the oldest multifandom f/f sites, The Pink Rabbit Consortium, moved its archive to altfic.com. For a variety of reasons alt didn't catch on and femslash became the dominant term for f/f fiction.
:Also see Uber.
===F/F Slash===
:F/F Slash is used by some fans to indicate the continuity between f/f and m/m slash and probably is the oldest of the media fannish terms for this type of fiction. It was the dominant term for female/female fanfic in the slash lands of media fandom before femslash and femmeslash appeared in common usage in the late 1990s.
===Femmeslash===
:Femmeslash is an alternate spelling that some people prefer for its visual appeal. Others dislike it because it brings up Butch/Femme connotations; they perceive the term as reinforcing those stereotypes.
===Genderswap===
:Genderswap is sometimes considered in discussions of femslash, where an M/M pairing is written with both characters as women. They can become women in a variety of ways. Sometimes cis women who were always women, became women by supernatural means, or are trans women. This genre has been used to explore issues of sexism, gender issues in general, and sometimes just for fun. Some fans would prefer to exclude such fic from femslash filters or exchanges.
===Girlslash===
:Girlslash is used by some fans, as in the name of the Harry Potter community hp girlslash. Usually it is accompanied by the m/m equivalent boyslash in an attempt to denormalize the assumption that all slash is m/m. Sometimes fans will request 'womanslash' as a specific contrast to 'girlslash', especially in fandoms in which the majority of the female characters are teenagers or young girls, as in the Harry Potter fandom.
===GL===
:Girls' Love, or GL, is the femslash equivalent of the term BL and is used - primarily in Japan - to denote attraction between women in anime and manga. Can be used interchangeably with yuri, but it is more likely to be used by publishers than fans themselves.
===Ladyslash===
:Ladyslash was used for a while in the late 90s. The dominant term for female/female fanfic in TV based fandoms was f/f slash in media fandom and alt or altfic in the Xenaverse. ScullySlash was the term used in X-Files fandom and the stories were usually either Scully/OFC or Scully/f crossovers that paired Scully with female characters from other shows, like for example Scully/Miss Parker in Hth's Pretender crossover Thank You For Not Smoking.Hth. Thank You For Not Smoking, originally published 25 June 1998. There were other character specific terms (the rare Highlander f/f story was usually AmandaSlash) but these depended on the fandom. The term femslash probably existedThe original ScullySlash list was founded June 25, 1998 and the title read: ScullySlash • dedicated to FemSlash in The X-Files. but was first mentioned on the Ladyslash mailing list half a year after it was created on April 4, 1999, and the first mention of femmeslash was more than a year after creation. Whether intentional or not, "ladyslash" wasn't so much a new term as it was an umbrella for all those FemaleCharacterNameSlash f/f stories in all those different fandoms. Despite a Lady Slash WebRing that was created in 1999, a Lady Slash Site, and a LadySlash zine, the word "ladyslash" didn't impact the f/f slash terminology. The mailing list simply offered femslash fans a place where they could connect, share their f/f fanfiction, and discuss the f/f subtext of their favorite shows.
===Sapphic Fiction===
:Some fans use words or phrases associated with the mainstream lesbian community. For instance, the Harry Potter fansite Sapphic HP, like the term "sapphic", references the association of the Greek poet Sappho with contemporary lesbian relationships and culture.
:Saffic, a portmanteauish pun on sapphic fiction, is used by a few fans. According to the userinfo of the LiveJournal community Saffic, saffic includes:
Femmeslash (or yuri and shoujo-ai) and erotica[...], as [well as] gen stories that focus on other strong female bonds such as friendship, sister, rival and mother-daughter relationships.saffic - community profile, accessed 2008-09-30. Written by KannaOphelia.
:In 2011, a fan wrote: "If AO3 if an accurate indication, we have somehow gone through nearly ten years of Yuletide without anyone requesting Sappho. How on Earth did we all miss this? Somebody, please, tell me I'm wrong -- I did a tag search and couldn't find a single thing in the archive." Wow. How have we not done this yet?, firecelydreamed (May 6, 2011) It is unknown if this fan's lack of searching success was due to "Sappho/Sapphic" not being an AO3 tag at the time, or a actual lack of f/f fanworks for Yuletide. 
===wlw===
:wlw stands for woman-loving woman, or women loving women. It is thought to have originated in Black American Vernacular English in the 1920s,WLW, SlangLang.net, accessed April 24, 2021.Even if the origin of the term “wlw” lies in black lesbian communities, Tumblr post by butchcommunist, October 22, 2015. (Accessed April 24, 2021). but has since been more widely adopted. It is frequently used in Tumblr fandom circles, either as an alternative to, or in addition to, the term femslash.
===Yuri===
:Yuri denotes queer women content related to anime and manga. A term originating in the anime/manga community. There is shockingly little crossover between western femslash fandom and yuri fandom.
:In the west, the term shoujo-ai has been used to distinguish between "non-erotic" and "erotic" femslash content in anime and manga, with yuri used to refer specifically to explicit femslash, but this is a purely western usage; in Japan, yuri is a neutral umbrella term that does not necessarily imply erotica.
====Terminology Controversy ====
Some fans object to the way the term "femslash" seems to suggest that m/m slash is the norm and slash involving women is the exception.
Other fans feel that since femslash is still common usage, we may need to continue to use the phrase while also challenging the usage:
===Canon Lesbian and Bisexual Women===
The decade 2010-2020 has seen an increase in canonical WLW (Women Loving Women) couples in a variety of media.
In 2010, Brittany Pierce and Santana Lopez mention their relationship through a throw-away joke in the mid-season finale of season one of Glee. However Brittana becomes the first femslash couple ever willed into canon by the activism of fans after their relationship was explored further in season 2. It would go on to create what the Glee fandom called The Brittana Effect, where a dynamic was introduced that permitted fans to communicate with the showrunners and provide feedback.
In 2011 on Grey's Anatomy, Arizona Robbins (lesbian) and Callie Torres (bisexual) got married in the Season 7 episode "White Wedding." It was the first serious two-woman wedding on mainstream television that occurred between regular cast members of a show. (See Callie Torres/Arizona Robbins)
Come 2014, the series finale of The Legend of Korra confirmed as canon the romantic relationship between Avatar Korra and businesswoman and engineer Asami Sato, as they walked away hand in hand in the final shot of the episode. See more at Korrasami.
In late 2016, an Overwatch tie-in comic introduced that Tracer has a girlfriend named Emily. Writer Michael Chu confirmed on Twitter that "Tracer identifies as a lesbian."For those who have asked specifically, Tracer identifies as a lesbian. - Michael Chu Twitter, December 22 2016
In December 2017, Rosa Diaz, a character on Brooklyn 99, came out as bisexual. Rosa is played by an out bisexual actress, Stephanie Beatriz.
The ship of Princess Bubblegum/Marceline in Adventure Time had been heavily hinted since 2011, and in the September 2018 series finale, they shared a hug and kiss, cementing the relationship as canon.
====Clexa====
Fans of the popular Clexa pairing were distressed in early 2016 when Lexa was killed off - the latest in a long line of lesbian and bisexual women characters to die in mainstream TV. Fan outrage at yet another canon femslash couple torn apart in what seemed an unnecessary and brutal turn of events led to the LGBT Fans Deserve Better movement, which increased awareness of the prevalence of the trope and raised money for LGBT charities. It also led to the creation of ClexaCon, a femslash-focused procon.
==The Femslash Herd==
The general femslash community is small enough that much of it tends to move in a herd, migrating from fandom to fandom as it seeks the promise of sweet sweet canon lady kisses.officialcommanderlexa, Tumblr, February 2015 (Accessed March 24, 2015).
That said, many large and small fandoms that are less femslash-focused overall have established f/f communities of their own, which often overlap with the communities for the popular femslash fandoms of the moment.
==Vocal Fandoms, Possible Queerbaiting==
In more recent years the rise of new vocal fandoms within femslash has also brought discussion of possible queer baiting as showrunners and social media reps have become more aware of fan activity. Emma Swan and Regina Mills in Once Upon a Time are one such pairing that have a prolific and enthusiastic femslash following who have a somewhat tense relationship with the show's production team. 
The pairing of Myka Bering/H.G. Wells in Warehouse 13 gained popularity following Jaime Murray's first appearance as Helena in 2010. The pairing gained traction as Helena's further appearances often paired her with Myka, and the friendship they shared became important to both of them. Promos put out by Syfy and tweets from the production team also acknowledged the attraction, making fans hopeful for a canon romance. However in the series finale, Myka began a relationship with her colleague and friend Pete Lattimer in that episode, Bering and Wells fans were disappointed, as were fans who had previously enjoyed the show because of the brother-sister chemistry between Pete and Myka and the refreshing lack of forced romantic tension between them as male/female leads.
==Dead Lesbian Trope ==
See also Bury Your Gays.
In April 2016 the website io9 ran a post that summed up both the development of femslash fandom and its new visibility in the wake of a series of character deaths across several TV shows, most notably Lexa on The 100, since the beginning of the year (see LGBT Fans Deserve Better). The canonical appearance of numerous lesbian pairings had helped to develop popular fandoms, and the enthusiasm of these femslash fandoms led to enormous attention focused on shows both old (The Vampire Diaries) and new (The 100, Empire) as these ships lost one or both partners.
Vox explained the intense fan backlash:
In June 2016, NPR's All Things Considered interviewed a writer at Vox about a study they did on the prevalence of lesbian deaths in U.S. television during the 2015-2016 season.
Two different tallies were made by Autostraddle, one of which looked not only at how many lesbian characters lived or died, but what the outcome of their stories were.
The outcry from fandom about lesbian deaths was included in widespread coverage about the "entitlement" of fans when it came to the way stories were being told, as well as to how entertainment projects were developed.
== Prevalence ==
===How Common Is It?===
Statistically speaking, femslash is generally uncommon. In 2016, Destination: Toast! did an analysis of Archive of Our Own's femslash relationship tag and found that 9% of fanworks were tagged as F/F. This was an increase from the previous years and indicated that, while still small relative to other relationship tags, both the number of femslash fanworks created and the percentage of the archive that they took up were on the rise.F/F Stats Femslash February 2016
===Why?===
Some fans have wondered why f/f slash is less common than m/m slash for twenty years or more; others think it is no great mystery and focusing on the question enforces a hierarchy where f/f is seen as less. Theories about the perceived lack of femslash include:
* There aren't a lot of shows with two interesting female characters, demonstrated by results on the Bechdel Test, and they were even rarer in the '80s and '90s.
* Where there are two female characters, they don't often have a relationship, especially a buddy or enemy dynamic which is regarded as shippable.
* Straight women aren't as turned on by the mechanics of f/f, so there is a smaller audience.
* F/f is more common than m/m slashers think, but as there is not much overlap between the m/m and f/f communities, the only parts of f/f fandom that m/m fandom sees are those where the female pairings are minor compared to the main m/m pairing. M/m slashers rarely participate in fandoms that are primarily f/f.
* Femslash is usually written by and for queer female authors, which means there are different identity politics involved; f/f slashers are more likely to already have a like-minded community outside the fannish context (and therefore less likely to seek out m/m-dominated slash fandom?)
* Writing femslash can force female writers to deal with gendered issues that hit close to home, whereas slash can be a form of escape from them.A chart illustrating all of the possible explanations people have suggested for the lack of femslash in my AO3 ship stats survey.
* Less pre-existing audience, fewer examples, and fewer resources mean writers have less community and are more likely to be discouraged by more critical feedback or less feedback overall.
* Misogyny in Fandom
==Themes Explored in Femslash==
==Conventions, Fests and Events==
See also Femslash Cons.
Femslash communities have a variety of events and gatherings to celebrate their interest. Femslash February, an annual month-long celebration of femslash, launched in 2013 and generates large quantities of fic and other fanworks in a variety of fandoms each year. The International Day of Femslash, which began in 2008, is a similar celebration which, since 2012, has also included virtual conventions where femslash fans can gather online for panels and chats. Like Femslash February, Sapphic September is another annual month-long celebration of femslash or sapphic ships that has been around since at least 2017 and encompasses multiple fandoms and types of fanworks.Sapphic September tag on Archive Of Our Own
TGIF/F - a Gal Pals Convention took place in Los Angeles in February 2016, and featured a wide variety of femslash-focused programming, including discussion panels, film screenings, games and other entertainment.
There are also a number of femslash-focused fanwork exchanges and fests. The Femslash Exchange is a multifandom exchange which has run since 2013, taking over from the Femslash Multifandom Ficathon, which ran from 2004-2012. Many fandoms have their own individual femslash exchanges. For example, the Femme Fuh-Q Fest was a popular Star Trek femslash fest which ran from 2000-2009.
==Original Fic==
See also Uber.
A shockingly large percentage of femslash authors go on to be published. Often their first published works are fanfic works that have been edited to become original fiction.
Until Fifty Shades of Grey, many of the most successful instances of filing off the serial numbers were found in the femslash community.
==Notable Femslash Personalities==
* Melissa Good is a very well known Xena/Gabrielle writer who was eventually hired by the show as a writer. She went on to write three episodes of the show, two produced and one, a romantic queer musical, that is unproduced.
* Ralst has maintained the largest exclusively femslash archive for more than ten years. The site, Passion & Perfection is particularly notable as it includes many femslash works not found on more mainstream archives like Ao3.
==Some Relevant Fanlore Pages==
* And Then... - 1970s
* Kismet (Star Trek: TOS story) - 1977
* Politically Incorrect (zine) - 1987
* Obsczine (UK) and Obsc'zine (US) two different print zines - 1970s
* Beyond the Farthest Star - 1982
* The Unique Touch - 1980s
* "touched" (multifandom zine) - 1980s
* Asbestos Envelope - 1980s
* Cross Currents (Star Trek: TOS story by Marion Zimmer Bradley) - 1980
* Moon Phases - 1980s
* On the Double - 1989 comment on f/f
* Hatstand Express Interview with Fanny Adams - 1988
* Sappho (multimedia zine published in the US), print zine (1993-1995)
* Bedside Manners (1994), print zine
* Catalyst (1995)
* Babylon 5, print zine (1995)
* (Re)Making Space for Women - 2002 review of Blake's 7 femslash (which designates first Blake's 7 f/f as 'Changing' by Jane Carnall, published in 1985 in "touched" #4)
* Add lesbians - about a tumblr post from 2014
* Groupieshipping an F/F ship from Yu-Gi-Oh! GX
== Femslash Resources ==
=== Archives ===
* Connecting Women - Russian multifandom and original fiction archive
* Passion and Perfection - multifandom archive
* The Pink Rabbit Consortium - multifandom archive
* The Paradoxical F/F Archive - multifandom archive
* Femslash Rhetoric Archive
* ShatterStorm Productions - multifandom archive
* Felicitas - comics fanfiction
* Virago's Slash Archive - multifandom author archive
===Mailing Lists===
* see List of Femslash Mailing Lists
=== Directories ===
* FemFic.org - femslash directory
* Greenegret's F/F Slash Fan Fic Links - femslash directory
=== Recommendation Communities ===
* F/F Showcase on Dreamwidth
* F/F Showcase in Livejournal
* femslash_recs
* ffslashrecs
* Recs tagged Femslash at Fancake
=== Multifandom Communities ===
* Passion Perfect: associated with the Passion and Perfection archive.
* girlslash
* saffic
* girlgay
* Femslash100 (LiveJournal or Dreamwidth): drabble community.
=== Ficathons and Exchanges ===
* Femslash Minis
* The Little Bang A femslash Big Bang
* Femslash Ficathon: 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005
* FemslashEx
* Girls Like Girls! link
* Femslash100100
* Femslash Land
* Femslash fluff
* ff_yuri_drabble
===Other Communities===
* Femslash Today (link): Daily femslash newsletter
* Yuri Today (link)
* girlwank (link): Femslash discussion
* The Femslash Podfic Podcast - podcast for reading and discussing femslash fanfic.
* Ladies First (podcast) - podcast focusing on femslash and sapphic fandoms and characters.
* She Squared Podcast - podcast focusing on femslash pairings and fanfiction, as well as episode analysis and discussions.
* It's a Queer Thing (podcast) - podcast about queer representations in media with a primary focus on sapphic media and femslash pairings.
===Tumblr===
* Femslash Revolution
* Sapphic Agenda
== Further Reading/Meta==
* Why should girlslash be more like boyslash? No, seriously, why?: a meta essay (2009)
* Why We Need Femslash: Master's thesis by Katie Wolters (2017)
* See Timeline of Femslash Meta, as well as :Category:Femslash Meta
==References==
Category:Tropes & Genres
Category:Glossary
Category:Fandoms by Community
Category:Media Fandom
Category:Relationships Glossary
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Category:LGBT Glossary