Schwarzlose Machine Gun Model 07/12

thumb|right|500px|Schwarzlose Modell 1907 - 8x50mmR Mannlicher
The Schwarzlose machine gun is a water-cooled, belt-fed machine gun designed by Andreas Wilhelm Schwarzlose for the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1907. While after the establishment of the Maxim construction, many countries of the world placed orders with the large manufacturers Vickers or DWM (Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken AG) or applied for their own production, the Austro-Hungarian Empire took other paths. Around 1902, the Berlin engineer Andreas Schwarzlose applied for a patent for his own design of a machine gun. The Steyr-Werke acquired the license in 1905, and in 1907 it was introduced to the Austrian armed forces as the M.07, chambered in 8x50mmR Mannlicher. This model has a gap between the top cover and the water jacket. Some improvements led from 1912 on to the M.07/12.
Schwarzlose, who had already drawn attention to himself before with technically highly interesting constructions in the field of weapon technology, broke completely new ground. His MG had a fixed barrel and was essentially based on the function of a delayed spring-mass breech. At no time during the firing process was the system positively locked. On the other hand, a relatively strong closing spring, few but solid and therefore robust locking parts, and retarding lever forces together with a short barrel provided the reloading cycle. A small shadow is cast on this ingenious design by the need for case lubrication, which was deemed necessary to reduce extraction resistance and thus minimize the risk of case tearing. One oil filling of five liters was enough for about 4,500 cartridges. The Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops (k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen) were equipped with the M.07/12/R16, which was an air-cooled version of the M.07/12. During World War I, Austria-Hungary exported the M. 07/12 to Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
The Schwarzlose-MG was inferior to the German Maxim MG 08 and 08/15, especially the disc rim cartridge of the German groove rim cartridge, in terms of dimensional accuracy and simultaneous combustion, and it did not allow metal belts. Inhibitions of the MG occurred frequently, especially due to case breakers. Also, the hemp belts (for the aviation troops also for 500, 750 and 1000 rounds) caused constant trouble. At higher altitudes, inhibitions due to wetness, icing, and cold occurred much more easily, especially when the belts often remained ammunition for days on end.
The way it is constructed initially suggests that the Blackless CMM is too dependent on predetermined functional parameters such as caliber, laboratory, and especially barrel length to be easily adapted to other charges of the same caliber or other calibers. Interestingly, however, it has been possible to adapt the MG to such different calibers as the improved cartridge M.31 (Austria, Hungary after 1931), 6.5 mm Mannlicher-Schönauer, 6.5 mm Swedish or even 7.92x57mm (8x57 IS).
Manufacturers were from 1905 to 1918 Österreichische Waffenfabriks-Gesellschaft (OeWG), Steyr, and from 1914 to 1918 FGGY in Budapest. Another manufacturer was in Holland, Artillery Inrichtingen, that strongly oriented to the M.07 and was further developed to M08/13 and M08/15, chambered in 6.5x53mmR. In Sweden, it was manufactured by Carl Gustav as the Kulspruta M/1914 (which looks exactly the same as the M. 07/12, but has the Swedish national coat of arms on the water-cooling jacket) and was used for decades in the Swedish army. It adorns to this day the medal of the Swedish MG gunners.
It was used in both world wars and also afterward on many fronts, from Scandinavia to North Africa.
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=Schwarzlose M.07/12=
thumb|right|500px|Schwarzlose Modell 1907/12 - 8x50mmR Mannlicher
The Maschinengewehr 07/12 was the standard machine gun of the K.u.k Army. It was introduced in 1912 as an improved version of the M.07. The M.07/12 had an increased rate of fire of 500 rounds per minute compared to the predecessor M. 07, automatic steam discharge of the water cooler, an enlarged oiler, and other design changes. The external distinguishing feature of the two models:
on the M.07, the barrel jacket does not extend to the housing.
From 1915 on, the Luftfahrtruppen also needed machine guns for their planes and resorted to this weapon. The 8.3 kg water jacket was usually omitted to save weight. The MG was used as a movable weapon on the "round" of the observer in two-seaters (from 1917 also in the rotating ring) and as a rigidly forward-firing MG for operation by the pilot.
During World War I, Austria-Hungary exported the M.07/12 to Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The Schwarzlose was also exported and reused in the successor states of the K.u.K. monarchy. For this purpose, it was converted to other ammunition. This model had only ten functional parts, therefore, it was very reliable and was also used as a prey weapon by the enemy. The M.07/12 was still in use during the Second World War.
===Specifications===
* County of Origin: Austria
* Type: Machine Gun 
* Calibers: 8x50mmR Mannlicher, 8x56mmR Steyr
* Capacity: 250 round fabric belt
* Cyclic Rate: 400 rds/min
* Length: 42.00in (1066mm)
* Barrel Length: 20.75in (526mm)
* Weight: (unloaded) 44lbs (19.9kg)
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====Film====
Title 	Actor 	Character 	Note 	Date
Mountains on Fire 	 	Austro-Hungarian soldiers 	M.07/12 	1931
If War Comes Tomorrow (Esli zavtra voyna) 	 	 	Seen in documentary footage	1938
The Great War (La grande guerra) 	 	Austro-Hungarian and Italian soldiers 	 	1959
The Good Soldier Schweik (Der brave Soldat Schwejk)	 	An Austro-Hungarian soldier 	 	1960
The Four Days of Naples 	 	Italian Resistance fighters 	 	1962
The Shortest Day (Il giorno più corto) 	 	Italian solders 	M.07/12 	1963
The Desert of the Tartars (Il deserto dei Tartari) 	 	Austro-Hungarian soldiers 	 	1976
From Hell to Victory 	 	British soldiers 	Standing in for Vickers 	1979
Capitaine Conan 	Philippe Torreton	Captain Conan 	Post-WWI Romanian variant 	1996
Capitaine Conan 	 	Bulgarian and French soldiers, Bolsheviks	Post-WWI Romanian variant 	1996
The Grey Zone 	 	German soldiers 	 	2001
The Roses of the Desert 	 	Italian soldiers 	mock-up 	2006
The Silent Mountain 	 	 	Seen in Italian camp 	2014
John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum 	 	 	Seen in armory 	2019
====Television====
Title 	Actor	Character 	Note 	Date
Front Without Mercy (Front ohne Gnade)	 	 	Seen among Italian troops; Ep.5	1984
And Quiet Flows the Don (Tikhiy Don) 	 	Austro-Hungarian soldiers	 	2015
Babylon Berlin - Season 1‎ 	 	Police officers 	Ep. 03 	2017
Babylon Berlin - Season 1‎ 	 	 	Ep. 07 	2017
Babylon Berlin - Season 2 	 	 	Ep. 16 	2015
====Video Game====
Game Title 	Appears as 	Note 	Release Date
Battlefield: 1918 	 	 	2004
Battle of Empires: 1914-1918	"Schwarzlose" 	 	2015
World of Warships: Legends 	 	Mounted on the Jäger-class destroyer 	2019
Tannenberg 	"Schwarzlose M.07/12"	Post-WWI Romanian variant with shield	2019
Isonzo 	"Schwarzlose M.07/12"	Post-WWI Romanian variant 	2022
=Schwarzlose M.08=
thumb|right|500px|Schwarzlose Model 08/13 - 6.5x53mmR
In 1908, the Dutch army purchased its own variant of the Schwarzlose; the M.08 chambered in 6.5x53mmR like their Hembrug rifles; however, the barrels were later bordered to 7.92mm. The army bought 75 pieces in 1910, 56 pieces in 1911, and another 55 pieces in 1913. So in 1914, the Netherlands had about 300 pieces of this weapon in its arsenal. From this time on the Dutch army started to produce them themselves because of delivery problems. 
Until 1940 another 2000 pieces were produced, the Schwarzlose M.08/15 chambered in 7.92mm. This variant was oriented on the Austrian M.07/12, without the gap between the housing and (longer) barrel, and was also used as an anti-aircraft weapon. Eventually, there would be 2300 pieces ready for use in the Maydays of 1940. A special gun carriage was used in the so-called "G-casemate" and an armored jacket was attached to the barrel.
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====Film====
Title 	Actor	Character	Note 	Date
Operation Amsterdam	 	 	M.08/15 (anti-aircraft version)	1959
=Schwarzlose M1907/24=
thumb|right|500px|Schwarzlose-Janeček vz. 07/24 - 7.92x57mm Mauser. The vz. 24 looks identical; the only visual difference is the protected front sight. Note the longer barrel jacket, compared to the other models.
In 1918, Czechoslovakia, as a successor state of Austria-Hungary, added a larger number of Schwarzloses to its armed forces. In the years 1921-1923, the Czechoslovak army tested several new models of the heavy machine gun, but they were not convincing, so the original M.07/12 was retained. The problem was that it was decided to unify the caliber of all rifles and machine guns in use to the 7.92x57mm Mauser cartridge. Therefore, the Schwarzlose, which used the 8x50mmR Mannlicher, had to be modified. The company Zbrojovka Janeček won the competition by adapting this machine gun to the required caliber. The conversion of the machine guns under the designation 07/24 was completed in 1928 when the company began production of a new machine gun with the designation vz. 24.
After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Wehrmacht took over the weapons captured there in 1939, especially since they had the same caliber as the German rifles and machine guns, and were used primarily as heavy machine guns in the machine gun companies of the infantry divisions of the 5th and 6th Aufstellungswelle, which were mainly equipped with Czech weapons. Later replaced by other more modern weapons, reserve stocks were still used in the Volkssturm toward the end of the war.
===Specifications===
* Calibers: 7.92x57mm Mauser
* Capacity: 250 round fabric belt
* Cyclic Rate: 520 rds/min
* Length: 46.06in (1170mm)
* Barrel Length: 24.80in (630mm)
* Weight: (loaded) 54lbs (24.5kg)
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====Film====
Title 	Actor 	Character 	Notation 	Date
The Stolen Border (Uloupená hranice) 	 	Czechoslovak troops 	 	1947
Wolves' Lairs (Vlcie diery) 	 	Slovak insurgents 	 	1948
Captain Dabac 	 	Slovak soldiers 	 	1959
Forty-Four Mutineers 	Dusan Blaskovic	Tono Mikles 	vz. 07/24 and vz. 24, standing in for M.07/12	1964
Forty-Four Mutineers 	 	Austro-Hungarian soldiers	vz. 07/24 and vz. 24, standing in for M.07/12	1964
A Star Called Wormwood (Hvězda zvaná Pelyněk)	Rudolf Deyl 	Pvt. František Noha 	vz. 07/24 and vz. 24, standing in for M.07/12	1959
A Star Called Wormwood (Hvězda zvaná Pelyněk)	 	Bosnian guards 	vz. 07/24 and vz. 24, standing in for M.07/12	1959
Von Ryan's Express 	 	German soldiers 	 	1965
The Day That Shook the World 	 	Austro-Hungarian soldiers	Standing in for M.07/12 	1975
The World Knows Nothing (Svet nic neví) 	 	Czechoslovak troops 	 	1987
Company of Heroes 	 	German soldiers 	 	2013
Category:Gun
Category:Machine Gun