nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Mizume sakura (Cherry) - left (156 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_156.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 156
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (156 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| みづめ桜 : Mizume sakura
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Cerasus spachiana Lavale ex H.Otto f. ascendens (Makino) H.Ohba (Prunus pendula Maxim. F. ascendens (Makino) Ohwi)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| This dyeing technique had been actually practiced in the author's hometown.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mizume sakura (Cherry) - right (156 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_156.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 156
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (156 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| みづめ桜 : Mizume sakura
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Cerasus spachiana Lavale ex H.Otto f. ascendens (Makino) H.Ohba (Prunus pendula Maxim. F. ascendens (Makino) Ohwi)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The mordanting was only done within the circled area in black. Use of ash water as mordant would alter the dyed color into yellow tone, which is similar to the case dyeing with Brazilwood.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mocha suede

== Description ==
A thin, soft suede leather made from fine-grain Arabian sheepskins. Mocha suede is a chrome tanned leather. The grain is removed by mechanical abrasion then it is suede finished on the flesh side. Mocha suede is used for gloves.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
macho suede; blackhair mocha; mocha leather; mochaleer (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Mod Podge

== Description ==
[Plaid Enterprises] A brand name for a water-based solution of 
polyvinyl acetate that is used in many art and craft projects. Mod Podge was developed in the 1960s by Jan Wetstone. The name is a shortened version of 'Modern Decoupage'. It is advertised as an all-in-one 
glue, 
sealer, and 
finish that can be used on 
wood, 
glass, 
terracotta, 
metal, 
paint, and 
fabric. When wet, the non-toxic mixture can be removed with 
soap and 
water. Mod Podge dries quickly and is available in 
matte and 
gloss finishes. Special formulations include mixtures with 
pigments and 
glitter.
==Resources and Citations==
* Plaid Enterprises: Mod Podge
Category:Materials database
Modacrylic fiber

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of less than 85% but at least 35% by weight of acrylonitrile units (Federal Trade Commission definition). The first modacrylic (modified acrylic) fiber, Dynel® was introduced in 1949; many later followed but the only one still in production at the end of the twentieth century is SEF [Solutia]. The resilient modacrylic fibers have an irregular cross section and fair elastic recovery (79-99% at 2% elongation). SEF has a low moisture regain of 2.5%. It will maintain its properties to temperatures of 190C (375F). Modacrylic fibers are resistant to sunlight, bleaches and are considered non-allergenic. Because modacrylic fibers are fire resistant and self-extinguishing, they are commonly used in children's sleepwear. They are also used for wigs, stuffed toys and fake fur fabrics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
modacrylic fibre; polyacrylonitrile; Dynel® [Union Carbide]; Verel®[Tennessee Eastman]; SEF [Solutia]; Elura [Monsanto Fibers]; Teklan; Crylor; Kanecaron
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Verelfiberkj1.jpg~FTIR|verel1000m.jpg~SEM|verel350m.jpg~SEM]]]
== Risks ==
* Fire resistant and self-extinguishing. 
* Non-allergenic.
* Cellusuede: Modacrylic SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in butyrolactone and warm acetone. 
* Resistant to other organic solvents alkalis and acids. 
* Tenacity = 1.8-2.5 g/denier (dry); 1.7-2.4 (wet); 
* Elongation = 35-48%; 
* Moisture regain = 0.4-4.0%. 
* Melting Point = 120-125C (soften). 
* Density = 1.35-1.37
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* Website: www.fabrics.net
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Modal fiber

== Description ==
A generic name for a modified 
rayon fiber that has high tenacity and high wet modulus. Modal fibers were initially developed in the 1930s for industrial uses in tires, conveyor belts and hose pipes. Changes in the rayon processing, such as the spin conditions, chemical solutions, and stretching sequences, produced rayon fibers with increased crystallinity, and thus, greater strength. Additional developments in Japan in 1951 by S. Tachikawa led to the production of a modal fiber with high wet modulus called 
polynosic. Modal fibers are dimensionally stable and do not shrink or get pulled out of shape when wet like many rayons. They are also wear resistant and strong while maintaining a soft, silky feel. Modal fibers have found a wide variety of uses in clothing, outerwear and household furnishings. They are often blended with 
cotton, 
wool, or 
synthetic fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
modal fibre (Br.); HWM rayon; Tenasco [Courtaulds]; Vincel [Courtaulds]; Avril [Avtex Fibers]; Moynel [Courtaulds]; modal
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Tenascofiberkj1.jpg~FTIR|tenasco500m.jpg~SEM|tenasco1000m.jpg~SEM]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
*Tenacity = 3 - 5 g/denier
*Elongation = 6-14% (dry); 8-20 % (wet)
*Fiber is smooth; some have striations
*Cross section is circular or bean shaped.
*Density = 1.52-1.54
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
Category:Materials database
Modeling clay

== Description ==
1) A composite, non-hardening material used for modeling. Modeling clay originally made in Italy consisted of a high quality clay mixed with tallow and sulfur (Mayer 1969). Later imitations were made from clay mixed with inert fillers, grease, and oil. Examples of current commercial modeling clays are Plasticine®, Klean Klay, FIMO, Farcolina, and Alix modeling clay. 
2) Any natural clay used for modeling.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
modelling clay; Plasticine®; Plastilina; plastiline; plasteline (sp); modeling wax; Klean Klay; Farcoline; Alix modeling clay; Sculpey; FimoClassic; Premo; Kato Polyclay; Formello; Modello
== Risks ==
* Some commercial products may contain corrosive sulfur components. 
* Oily components may migrate into porous substrates.
==Resources and Citations==
* G. Eggert. 2006. VDR-Beiträge 2/2006, pages 112-116. 
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_clay (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Modocoll

== Description ==
[Mo och Domsjo, Sweden] A brand name for a series of water-soluble polymer composed of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC). The Modocoll (or Ethulose in the U.S.) varieties of EHEC have higher proportions of hydroxyethy to ethyl groups compared to other formulations; this provides for their atypical water solubility. 
* Modocoll E - soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents 
* Modocoll M - soluble in both water and many organic solvents
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ethulose (brand name used in the U.S.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
pH = 5.8-6.0
==Resources and Citations==
* R.Feller, M.Wilt, Evaluation of Cellulose Ethers for Conservation, in Research in Conservation Series, Getty Conservation Institute, 1990.
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Modostuc

== Description ==
[Plasveroi SpA, Italy] A brand name for a white paste used as a fill material. Modostuc is a 
calcium carbonate based material with small amounts of 
barium sulfate. It has a 
polyvinyl acetate copolymer binder. Modostuc dries quickly to a hard smooth fill. It can be sanded and painted.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Modostuc, dried.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks == 
==Resources and Citations==
* Sabine Kessler, "Etude et restauration d'une Jeanne d'Arc en terre cuite conservee au musee historique d'Orleans: etude d'un materiaux de bouchage, le Modostuc" (Study and restoration of a terracotta Joan of Arc kept in the Musee historique d'Orleans: study of a filling material, the Modostuc); Paris: ENP-IFROA, 1997 Memoire de fin d'etudes, ENP-IFROA,Location of Document: ICCROM, BCIN Number: 192609
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Modulus

== Description ==
A ratio used to relate stress to strain. The stress is the force per unit area that is used to deform a sample while the strain is the dimensional change in the object as a result of the stress. Modulus is used to compare elasticity, and strength of materials. See 
modulus of elasticity, 
modulus of rupture, and 
Young's modulus.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Modul (Deut.); module (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Modulus of elasticity

== Description ==
The ratio of the stress applied to a material verses its strain while it is maintained within its elastic limit. The modulus of elasticity is provides a comparison of the softness or stiffness of materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Elastizitätmodul (Deut.); module d'élasticité (Fr.); module d'Young (Fr.); módulo de Young (Port.); coefficient of elasticity; elastic modulus; Young's modulus; Hooke's modulus
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Moellon

== Description ==
1) A fill material composed from rubble and mortar used in the middle of masonry walls.
2) A by-product of chamois leathermaking. Moellon is the excess oxidized oil that is pressed out of 
chamois leather after its treatment with 
cod liver oil. Synthetic moellon is made by the oxidation of cod oil.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 881
Category:Materials database
Mohegan granite

== Description ==
A medium-grain, yellowish-gray granite quarried near Lake Mohegan, New York (Lent 1925). Mohegan granite was used for churches and buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mohegan granite; Old Gold granite; Peekskill granite
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Mohr's salt

== Description ==
Name for 
ferrous ammonium sulfate commonly used prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ferrous ammonium sulfate; Mohrs salt
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Mohs' hardness scale

== Description ==
An empirical scale used to approximate the hardness of minerals. The scale, developed by Friedrich Mohs, is based on the ability of one material to scratch another. The Mohs' hardness scale originally ranged from 1 (soft) to 10 (hard) but has recently been expanded to 15 by Ridgeway to include synthetic abrasives. 
Original scale: 
1. talc-easily scratched by the fingernail; 
2. gypsum-just scratched by the fingernail; 
3. calcite-scratches and is scratched by a copper coin; 
4. fluorite -not scratched by a copper coin and does not scratch glass; 
5. apatite -just scratches glass and is easily scratched by a knife; 
6. orthoclase-easily scratches glass and is just scratched by a file; 
7. quartz-not scratched by a file; 
8. topaz; 
9. corundum; 
10. diamond. 
Extended scale: 
7. silica; 
8. quartz; 
9. garnet; 
10. topaz; 
11. fused zirconia; 
12. fused alumina; 
13. silicon carbide; 
14. boron carbide; 
15. diamond
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mohs hardness scale (sp); escala de Mohs (Port.); échelle de Mohs (Fr.)
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 940
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Moiré

== Description ==
A surface textile pattern of varying reflection that appears like waves. Moiré fabrics were first made in France. The patterns are produced on 
silk or rayon by passing the fabric between engraved cylinders that irregularly flatten the ribs and fixes the design into regions of crushed and uncrushed fibers. Moiré is used for dresses, ribbons, and suits.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
moiré (Ned); moaré (Esp.); moire (sp)
== Risks ==
Not durable.
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Moiré pattern

== Description ==
An interference pattern produced when light is blocked or reflected by a regularly spaced repetitive design such as a grid. The moiré effect can often be seen on television, such as when the camera films clothing with parallel lines and the image becomes rippled.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
moire effect; moire pattern; moir pattern ; Moiré-Effekt (Deut.); moire (It.); moiré-patroon (Ned.);
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moir%C3%A9_pattern (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Moissanite

== Description ==
A rarely occurring natural mineral composed of silicon carbide that was first discovered in rock samples from a meteor crater in 1893 by Henri Moissan. Synthetic silicon carbide was synthesized in the labs two years before the discovery of the natural mineral. Silicon carbide is resistant to thermal shock, thermal expansion, and high temperatures. The green to black powder is one of the hardest substances known to man and has been used as an abrasive for polishing glass, granite, and bisque ware. Synthetic moissanite has also been made as a jewel quality stone and was introduced in 1998 as a diamond alternative. Synthetic moissanite gemstones are optically similar to diamonds, but can be distinguished because of their thermochromism (change in color with gradual heating), electrical conductivity and birefringence.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
silicon carbide; Siliziumcarbid (Deut.); carbure de silicium; siliciumcarbide (Ned.); kiselkarbid (Sven.); Forever One; Forever Brilliant; Forever Classic; Amora
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Moissanite Raman RRUFF R110106.png~Raman (RRUFF)|siliconcarbideRS.jpg~Raman (RAMSIN)]]]
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. 
* Contact may cause mechanical irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Cleavage = indistinct
* Fracture = conchoidal
* Luster = adamantine to metallic 
* Streak = greenish gray 
* Fluorescence = inert to orange-red 
* Dispersion = 0.104 (extreme fire)
Composition 	SiC
Mohs Hardness 	9.25
Density 	3.22-3.23 g/ml
Refractive index	2.654 - 2.967
Birefringence 	0.043 (strong doubling)
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 713
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8636
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: silicon carbide" [Accessed July 26, 2002].
* Wikipedia: Moissanite (Accessed Dec 2022)
Moisture content

== Description ==
The amount of absorbed water present in a material. Moisture content is expressed as the weight/weight percentage (w/w%) of water in a material versus the materials' total original (non-dried) weight. The weight of the water is obtained by weighing the material as received (original weight) then subtracting the weight of the oven-dried material. The determination of the moisture content of paper is important for optimum printing operations. See also moisture regain and equilibrium moisture .
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Feuchtigkeitsgehalt (Deut.); teneur en humidité (Fr.); teor de humidade (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, E41, 23-24, Sep-92
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Moisture equilibrium

== Description ==
A condition in which the absorbed moisture of a material is in equilibrium with the relative humidity of the surrounding environment. At the point of moisture equilibrium a material is no longer absorbing or desorbing water vapor. Thus its weight and dimensions are stable. The amount of moistutre in a material at equilibrium is called its equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and is expressed as the weight/weight percentage (w/w%) of water in a material versus the materials' total original (non-dried) weight.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
equilibrium moisture content; EMC; Feuchtigkeitsausgleich (Deut.); équilibre hydrique (Fr.); equilíbrio higrométrico (Port.)
Category:Materials database
Moisture meter

== Description ==
A device used to determine the amount of absorbed water in a solid material such as wood or soil (Bucher 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Feuchtigkeitsmesser (Deut.); humidimètre (Fr.); humidímetro (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* W. Bucher, Dictionary of Building Preservation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.
Category:Materials database
Moisture regain

== Description ==
The amount of moisture that a material is able to reabsorb after its has been dried. Moisture regain is expressed as the weight/weight percentage (w/w%) of water in a material versus the material's dry weight. The weight of the water is obtained by after the dried material has been equilibrated at 65% relative humidity at 22C. See also moisture content.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme (Deut.)
Category:Materials database