nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often simply referred as the Commonwealth is a collection of countries that used to be or were linked in the British Empire. It has a few differences from the empire, chief of which being that its members are independent states.
==Members==
* Most countries once either ruled by or mandated to Great Britain, except the Arab states, Afghanistan, Burma, the United States, the Republic of Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Somalia. Nepal and Bhutan, which were ruled as very loose British protectorates, are also not members. South Sudan applied for membership after its independence and it is likely to be admitted.
* A few other countries: Cameroon (Part of the country was mandated to the British after the Great War), Mozambique for some reason, and Rwanda, because Paul Kagame wanted to piss off the French.
===In, out, in, out===
* South Africa, Pakistan, Fiji, The Gambia.
All its members are equal, rather than subordinate to the United Kingdom. Naughty members are expelled (that's Zimbabwe out then), but can rejoin when they play nice again - hello South Africa! Countries that liberated themselves from the British Empire, such as the United States or Ireland, are not members, but are still eligible. However, because it used to be that a country had to be a Commonwealth Realm (a constitutional monarchy recognizing the British monarch as its own monarch), and Ireland had had it with the monarchy, they aren't part of it, either, despite the fact that the Commonwealth changed the rules to allow republics to be members literally a week after Ireland left (to let in India).
==Achievements==
It's hard for an organisation that functions mainly as a club of friendly states to list any solid achievements, but it did manage to play a part in bringing apartheid to an end. 
Commonwealth membership creates a forum in which the leaders of smaller developing nations, who might otherwise have a hard time getting international attention, can deal one-on-one with bigger players such as Britain, Canada and Australia.
The Commonwealth also supports a worldwide military framework, as the UK maintains naval bases in various member-countries. Many Commonwealth states are major customers of the British arms industry; loans from the British government may pay for this ordnance.
The Commonwealth Games (formerly the British Empire Games, etc.) have taken place every four years, midway between the Olympic Summer Games, since 1930 (except for 1942 and 1946, because of technical issues). Even places like Norfolk Island (pop. 2,302 in 2011) turn up. Unlike the Olympics, they provide an opportunity for the UK home nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) to take it out on each other. They typically function as an opportunity for Australia to always win.
==See also==
*Colonialism
*United Nations
*White Commonwealth
==References==
category:International organisations
Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a reactionary far-left neo-Stalinist political party. It is currently the second-largest party in Russia (after United Russia), once again proving the existence of the crazification factor. 
==Overview==
The party has basically created a personality cult around both Joseph Stalin and their current leader, Gennady Zyuganov. The party is extremely apologetic towards whatever atrocities Stalin or Lenin had committed and decide to treat them as necessary evils or ignore/deny that such things ever happened in the first place.Party Program, Communist Party of the Russian Federation
Being a neo-Stalinist party, they support privately owned small businesses, but still want to nationalize most agriculture and large industries. For some nationalistic reason, the party is pro-religious, contrary to its strongly atheistic .
==Social issues==
The party is extremely socially conservative, anti-LGBT, anti-abortion, anti-liberal, nationalistic, and always championing "traditional values", not unlike political ideologies it vehemently disagrees with. Naturally, the Party leader, Zyuganov, believes that most modern art and academia has been ruined by the greed encouraged by the capitalist pig-dogs. They also support the reinstitution of the death penalty and are proudly "tough on crime".Communist leader proposes reinstatement of death penalty for terrorists, RIA Novosti
Furthermore, many party leaders are hostile to ideas like global warming and Darwinian evolution, and have a hard-on for conspiracy theories. A favorite is that "national culture and morals" are being purposely destroyed in Russia.
"Western hegemonism," bitch!
 For extra wackiness, Zyuganov has also expressed anti-Semitic views.https://jamestown.org/program/zyuganov-apologizes-for-anti-semitic-remarks-of-comrades/
==See also==
*RWA
*United Russia - their main competitor.
*Liberal Democratic Party of Russia - another competitor, and like them, also a joke in Russian politics.
*Chinese Communist Party - their Chinese counterpart.
*A Just Russia - their more moderate social democratic counterpart.
==References==
Category:Anti-Christian bigotry
Category:Antisemitism
Category:Islamophobia
Category:Ruskies
Category:Tankies
Category:Racism
Category:Russian political parties
Category:Communist political parties
Category:Far-left political parties
Category:Homophobia
Category:Transphobia
Compassionate conservatism

Compassionate conservatism is an oxymoron. As an electoral position, it was advanced by George W. Bush right before slamming civil liberties and invading a bunch of countries, and David Cameron before imposing a brutal program of austerity., The Guardian, 13 Jan 2016
Nobody would speak of a "compassionate liberal" (in the US sense of liberal) or "compassionate social democrat" — such terms would be considered tautologies. The term implies that a conservative being compassionate is unusual and noteworthy and that 'normal' conservativism is somehow by nature lacking in compassion (which is sadly often true), as to say that conservatism is compassionate, one must be capable of compassion, as well as, if possible, love, intelligence, and rational thought, and maybe even (imagine that) empathy. In practice, compassionate conservatism lies somewhere between a cynical electoral strategy and a vague dream of the sort advanced by beauty pageant contestants. Even then, it's hated by hard-right libertarians who believe it means big government and tax rises.
In theory, it should be possible to operate a moderate, centre-right conservatism that moderates the effects of unregulated capitalism. It could draw on Benjamin Disraeli's One-Nation Conservatism, or Catholic social teaching, or the large amount of 19th century Russian literature about improving the condition of serfs. In practice, while David Cameron talked of a "Big Society" uniting state and voluntary sector in the provision of care, what he meant was cutting people's benefits so they're forced to rely on food banks funded by private charity. Ironically, Tony Blair's New Labour is probably the closest thing to compassionate conservatism in recent decades.
Marvin Olasky, who authored a book about 'compassionate conservatism', is a Dominionist. Thus, in his ideal of society, many people would be treated in a less than compassionate manner.Jesus Christ would not approve of such a compassion-less society, a fact that is lost on most Bible Belt "Christians".
The juxtaposition of these two words was first brought to the general attention by (then Texas Governor) George W. Bush (Olasky was an advisor to Bush in his first Presidential election campaign) in 1999. There was no small amount of self-interest involved in the movement: "Look, voters, you can have these massive tax cuts and still have balanced budgets!", or "Let's change the world by NOT changing the world!"Extract from Wall Street JournalJoan Didion, "God's Country", "The New York Review of Books.
==List of actually compassionate conservatives who use the term==
==See also==
*Paleoconservatism
*Rockefeller Republican
*Cloth coat Republican
*Neoliberalism
*Liberal conservatism
==References==
==Notes==
Category:United States politics
Category:Conservatism
Category:Oxymorons
Category:Political strategery
Concerned Women for America

The Concerned Women for America (CWA or CWfA) are a group of right wing radicals opposed to anything that is too sympathetic toward, or even remotely related to, homosexuality. Sounding like a parody of the Junior Anti-Sex League in George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, their pronouncements complain about a "sex-saturated culture." 
Founded by Beverly LaHaye (widow of Left Behind author Tim LaHaye), they have openly attacked freedom of choice, Muslims, and pretty much anyone who isn't American, Christian, male, and heterosexual.http://www.cwfa.org/about.asp 
==Good, good… Let the hate flow through you==
CWA has displayed opposition to almost all women's rights, including equal pay, abortion, and maternity leave (unless you're leaving the workforce forever to go be a homemaker, of course), earning it the derogatory title "Ladies against Women" in feminist circles.Not to be confused with the parody group of the same name, Ladies Against Women
They have stated that publicly-funded HIV screening and publicly-funded STD treatment are objectionable programs.http://www.cwfa.org/content.asp?id=20721
Another one of their favorite issues is pushing religion and pseudoscience in public schools, including school prayer and Intelligent Design.
Their anti-gay myth-spreading, such as equating homosexuality with pedophilia and downplaying the number of homophobic hate crimes, has resulted in their being labeled a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.18 Anti-Gay Groups and their Propaganda, Southern Poverty Law Center
It is feared that there are at least 250,000 of them.
==See also==
*Focus on the Family
*Mothers Against Drunk Driving
*Wendy Wright
==External links==
*CWA homepage
*Right Wing Watch category
*Ed Brayton on CWA:
**Biology and "Real Parents"
**Dumbass Quote of the Day from CWA, 
**Desperate bigots claim gay marriage hurts the economy
==Notes==
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Anti-abortion activists
Category:Antifeminism
Category:Atheophobia
Category:Creationist organizations
Category:Hate groups
Category:Internalized discrimination
Category:Islamophobia
Category:Misnomers
Category:Political action groups
Category:Pseudoscience promoting organizations
Category:Sexism
Category:War on science
Category:We're on a mission from God
Conditional fallacy

A conditional fallacy may or may not be a logical fallacy, conditional on whether or not one of its premises is accepted.
Conditional fallacies are almost always informal fallacies. However, if comparing multiple systems of logic (which would imply different valid and invalid logical structures, and thus different formal fallacies) then it may be possible for a formal fallacy to be conditional.
==Form==
An informal conditional fallacy follows the form:
==Examples==
===Non-fallacious===
This is not always fallacious. For example, a good (rational) conditional argument:
===Fallacious===
The problem only occurs when Y is something stupid. For example, a bad (fallacious) argument from authority:
==Subfallacies==
==See also==
*Fallacious argument style
Conflict theory

Conflict theory is a sociological perspective deriving from Marxism (specifically dialectical materialism) and most closely associated with that philosophy's many variants. It is an abstraction, or generalization, of Karl Marx's idea that "class struggle" was the dominant theme of world history. But what analysis orthodox Marxism limits to class struggles, its derivatives have applied to other social conflicts, so conflict theory has dropped the "class" (in the exclusive sense, anyway) and focused on the "struggle."
Marx believed that conflict was an inevitable part of societies that had not eliminated social class by being organized along "pure communist" lines. Such pure-communist societies have never existed outside Marxists' heads. All historical change, he asserted, was attributable to class conflict rooted in particular modes of economic production. He saw society as progressing from a primitive society to a slave society to feudalism to capitalism to socialism and finally to the ideal stateless and classless society of pure communism.
Marxists, however, are often criticized for this exclusive focus on class conflict, often ignoring gender, race and ethnic/national inequalities or perceiving them as manifestations of class conflict; for example, orthodox Marxist analysts considered the British conquest of India to be at least somewhat of a positive development as part of the worldwide development of capitalism, thus hastening the day of the International Proletarian Revolution. One of the most infamous modern day examples of this was Neo Marxist Slavoj Žižek endorsing Donald Trump over Clinton as he believed that the political left would unite under the common threat of him, as well as alienating working class people enough to induce Class Consciousness and thus unite them together as a modern movement of the Proletariat.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JZmwQAZmak
==See also==
*Anomie 
*Auguste Comte 
*Das Kapital
==References==
Category:Communism
Category:History
Category:Sociology
Category:Social justice
Confounding factor

A confounding factor (or variable) is an unseen variable that is also correlated with two or more other variables. The confounding factor is one of the most important reasons correlation does not equal causation, as the causality could be the confounding factor, and may well be counter-intuitive. These have to be examined and controlled in experiments and statistical studies.
The fallacy is a false cause, imprecision fallacies, and an informal fallacy.
==Alternate names==
*common cause
*joint effect
*lurking variable
*single causation
*spurious relationship
*uncontrolled factors
==Example==
In epidemiology, a confounder (affluence of a country, in the example below):
# Is correlated with the predictor (e.g. abortion rates)
# Is correlated with the outcome (e.g. breast cancer)
# Is not part of the causal pathway between predictor and outcome (abortion does not cause breast cancer through the development level of a country)
# Substantially alters the estimated predictor/outcome relationship when included in the model, conventionally >10%
A variable in the causal pathway between predictor and outcome may, instead, be an effect modifier. In either case, failure to include the extra variable in the analysis results in a distorted estimate of the predictor/outcome relationship.
===Abortion Breast Cancer (ABC) Link===
Let us suppose for the sake of the argument that breast cancer rates in a country are correlated with abortion rates; that does not necessarily mean that there may be a causal link between the two. There is a confounding factor in that both of these are correlated with the affluence of the country. In affluent countries, people tend to live longer, and by living longer, they are more likely to develop breast cancer (sad but true), as it correlates with age far more than any other factor. Additionally, in a more developed country, the rate of abortion tends to be higher; so the higher the rates of abortion, the higher rates of breast cancer. Both correlate to the confounding factor, the affluence of the country, rather than each other.
==External links==
*
*Uncontrolled Factors, Bruce Thompson
*Common Cause, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Category:Statistics
Category:Imprecision fallacies
Category:Informal fallacies
Category:Research terms
Congregation of Universal Wisdom

The Congregation of Universal Wisdom is a quack religious organization founded by chiropractor Walter P. Schilling . The group's beliefs are a hash of chiropractic philosophy and New Thought beliefs, with a strong dose of anti-vaccination bullshit tossed in.Douglas G McNeil Jr., Worship Optional: Joining a Church To Avoid Vaccines. The New York Times, 14 January 2003. There are no real chapels and no requirement for members to meet. Prospective ministers need only to submit a dissertation that is examined by five other ministers. An essay cited by the United States National Institutes of Health calls the organization a "sham religion" used by thousands of parents to avoid getting their children vaccinated.Anthony Ciolli, Mandatory School Vaccinations: The Role of Tort Law. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, September 2008. 
The organization believes in a universal intelligence similar to New Thought Christianity, and they believe that the only way someone can be healed is through the manipulation of the spine. The primary purpose of the "congregation," however, is to allow members to claim a religious exemption from vaccination laws.This sometimes ends up in court, e.g., Turner v. Liverpool Cent. School, 186 F. Supp. 2d 187 (N.D.N.Y 2002) where a mother sued her local school district claiming a religious exemption from mandatory vaccination because of membership in the organization.Jann Bellamy, Vaccination mandate exemptions: gimme that ol’ time philosophy. sciencebasedmedicine.org, 15 December 2011. They define vaccination as sacrilegious:
==External links==
*Official website
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Category:Anti-vaccination movement
Category:New Age
Category:Pseudoscience promoting organizations
Congregationalism

Congregationalism is a form of church government, or polity, practiced by some Protestant Christian churches, whereby individual churches operate independently of each other and vary in ideology, theology, etc.
Congregationalism really took off with the Protestant Reformation (although the ideal had been promoted before that, largely as a reaction to repression by the Catholic Church). The movement is most prevalent in the United States, where it has a long tradition starting with the Puritans of New England.
The early Christian church is believed to have been highly decentralized and often housing disparate ideologies. Congregationalists aim to emulate this, believing it brings them closer to the "true" Christianity. This has not worked out very well, however, as a very large number of Congregationalist churches switched to Unitarianism in the 19th century.
== Cultural effects ==
Due to the independent nature of the congregations, moderation is unknown in churches that practice congregational government; congregationally governed churches range from wingnut Baptist outfits like Fred Phelps's church to the very liberal churches in the United Church of Christ, which have an impressive track record of participating in the forefront of many social equality movements (e.g., civil rights, gay rights). Many ordain women and support gay marriage.
== Trivia ==
Barack Obama's ex-church, Trinity United Church of Christ, is part of the American Congregationalist denomination; John Adams and Francis Crick were congregationalists as well. Some of the first colleges and universities in America, including Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, Williams, Bowdoin, Middlebury, and Amherst were all founded by congregationalists.History of the Congregational Church. gene.kellerhouse-webster.com.
==References==
Category:Christian denominations
Conodont

The Conodonts ("cone-teeth") are a group of extinct chordates (possibly fish) which existed from the Late Cambrian to the start of the Jurassic from 540 to 195 million years ago. For over 150 years until 1993 and 1994 bafflingly, only the calcium phosphate teeth were known, then fossils in the Ordovician strata of South Africa, and Scotland showed what the owners of these teeth looked like.Conodonts, University College London. Retrieved October 27, 2021. There are only three genera of conodonts with body fossils, those being , and .
The conodont animal resembled a superficially segmented, worm-like animal with large, fish-like eyes, and a notochord. Some biologists suggested they were akin to hagfish but with huge eyes. We can speculate that perhaps the chordate eye was incompletely evolved and was less efficient than later vertebrate eyes. Therefore, it's possible conodonts needed huge eyes to see well.
==References==
Category:Animals
Category:Evolution
Category:Fish
Category:Transitional fossils
Consciousness of guilt

Consciousness of guilt is a legal concept and a type of circumstantial evidence of guilt. It is based on a criminal suspect who demonstrates a guilty conscience by their actions or speech.Consciousness of Guilt Stephen G. Rodriguez & Partners Some examples of consciousness of guilt are:
*Fleeing from the crime scene or jurisdiction
*False statements and lies
*False alibi
*Changing one's name or personal appearance
*Concealing or destroying evidence
*Witness intimidation or bribery
*Generally, any attempts to cover up a crime
Simply put, consciousness of guilt is an action or statement that a person accused of a crime makes that an innocent person would not make.
Consciousness of guilt can be misinterpreted, either by way of innocent explanation (e.g., "I was running to get away from the riot, not because I partook in it.") or from the problems of hearsay evidence.Guilt and the Consciousness of Guilt: The Use of Lies, Flight, and other 'Guilty Behaviour' in the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime by Andrew Palmer (1997) Melbourne University Law Review 21:95-149.
In the United States, some behaviors of a defendant are automatically not considered consciousness of guilt, including denial of committing a crime and silence, the latter of which is protected by the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution and the Supreme Court decision that resulted in the Miranda warning. While these things are not considered consciousness of guilt in a court of law, they can be considered consciousness of guilt in the court of public opinion.
==See also==
*Coverup
==References==
Category:Psychology
Consegrity

Consegrity® was a registered trademark method of "energy healing" (de facto faith healing), promoted by the now defunct Consegrity Inc. It was founded by Dr. Mary A. Lynch, a retired orthopedic surgeon, and Debra Harrison, a massage therapist, in the early 2000s. After Harrison's death and the shutdown of Consegrity Inc., Lynch continues to peddle the same bullshit under the name Consilience Energy Mirrors, as the use of the "Consegrity" trademark was restricted by Harrison's estate.
According to its creators, the word "Consegrity" stands for "CONsciousness awareness; tenSEGRITY of the body — the ability to withstand tension and pressure;Surprisingly, "tensegrity" is a real word, an engineering term — short for "tensile integrity" ("tensegrity" was coined by Buckminster Fuller), though it has been also appropriated by Carlos Castaneda. and CONsilience — "the ALL KNOWING aspect of us.
==Tragedy==
Both Debra Harrison and her mother died in 2005 due to their belief in Consegrity® — despite their serious medical problems, they did not seek help from conventional medicine. When Harrison's mother became so ill that relatives were able to convince her to go to a doctor, she was diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer, with tumors in her liver and her kidney. According to the relatives, when informed of the diagnosis, Harrison blamed them, saying that their "negative energy" and the visit to the doctor were to blame and that the cancer "manifested itself with the diagnosis". Her mother died in June 2005. Harrison herself died in August the same year from diabetic ketoacidosis, a result from untreated 
==External links==
*Consegrity®, entry in The Skeptic's Dictionary
*consegrity.com, as archived by the Internet Archive. (Don't bother to look at the versions after 2007 — the domain has expired and the page was replaced with a generic advertisement page.)
*Energy Mirrors
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:New Age