nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Social Security

Social Security is the predominant federal social insurance program in the United States. It was part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal initiative during the Great Depression and was signed into law in 1935. The program gives old-age benefits from the federal government to workers and their families. The elderly are its biggest fans. 
==Content==
Social Security is made up of two different parts: Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance (the latter being added in 1956). Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is also handled by Social Security but isn't funded by the same taxes. In order for workers to qualify for the old-age benefits, they need to work for at least ten years and earn a minimum of $4,480 a year. For people born after 1959, workers can receive full benefits once they turn 67 but can receive reduced benefits at 62. Overall, it is less generous than the amount allotted to seniors by most Western nations.OECDSocial Security Administration
The vast majority of Social Security's funding comes from payroll taxes (specifically, Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes). This is considered to be a category separate from "income taxes," although payroll taxes are also based on income. Those on the left often speak of programs funded by "income taxes," thus eliminating Social Security and similar programs from consideration and leaving defense as the largest federal program. However, Social Security's budget is larger than the defense budget, and together with Medicare and Medicaid, makes up about 40% of the federal budget. Unfortunately with the baby-boomer generation starting to receive their benefits, Social Security is now spending more than it takes in. The program is expected to begin running deficits every year starting in 2037. It's not a crisis per se, but take note. Luckily, Congress has a happy record of tackling problems early, before they become crises.
==Fixes==
Modifications to Social Security have been proposed for decades and the sustainability of the much-beloved program is increasingly becoming a concern to politicians and citizens alike. In general, Democrats favor either keeping the program the way it is or slightly modifying it while Republicans favor more radical cuts and modifications, such as privatization.HuffPo: GOP Candidates Revive Idea Of Privatizing Social Security 
Ignoring the privatization solution, ultimately you either need to increase taxes or reduce benefits, or both. The easiest and simplest way to fix Social Security is to remove the cap without increasing the payout; Social Security taxes are only levied on the first $110,000 of wages each year, and there is quite a bit of taxable income above this, so surely the government will do the right thing and slightly raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans.
And now that we've all had a good laugh, the options for reducing benefits would be to simply cut the payments, or to restrict eligibility by raising the retirement age or eliminating disability, or worse.
==See also==
*AARP
==References==
*Just Facts: Social Security
==References==
Socialist Party of Great Britain

The Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB) is a Marxist political party within the impossibilist tradition. It is best known for its advocacy of using the ballot box for revolutionary purposes; opposition to reformism; and its early adoption of the theory of state capitalism to describe the Soviet Union.
Regular columns in their journal Socialist Standard are critical of the empirical basis of religion and conspiracy theories. They have debated against positive money. Criticism is also made of various capitalistic economic theories of avoiding economic crises including Monetarism, Social Credit and Keynesianism.
==Antitheism==
==Economics==
===Economists===
==Society==
===Cooperation===
==See also==
*World Socialist Party of the United States
==External links==
*Official site
Category:British political parties
Category:Far-left political parties
Category:Communist political parties
Society

A society is a specific infrastructure for a collection of people that provides identity, social connections, rules, governmental structures, educational structures, etc. for the members of the group. A society can (and generally does) contain many cultures, ethnic groups, religions, economic classes, etc. Depending on the context of use, "society" can be a very small organization like the John Birch Society, a vast otherwise unrelated group of people "the internet society", a specific locality, "the society of Denver", "society within the United States"; or even a very broad spectrum like "Western Society".
The "end" or "collapse" of society is a common theme of numerous fringe and conspiratorial ideologies, and articles like "20 signs that SOCIETY is BREAKING DOWN!"20 SIGNS THAT SOCIETY IS BEAKING DOWN AND THAT AMERICA HAS BEEN OVERRUN BY PSYCHOS, infowars, 20125 Ways to survive when society descends into chaos NaturalNews, 2017The Magna Carta Society, 1931 have been produced in similar form for hundreds of years.
==See also==
*Government
*Culture
==References==
category:culture
Society for Humanistic Judaism

The Society for Humanistic Judaism (SHJ) is an organization which was formed in 1969 by formerly-Reform Jewish rabbi Sherwin Wine (1928-2007), who had experienced a drift away from theistic views during his university years but subsequently became a rabbi for a number of congregations and a chaplain for the U.S. Army, only to then make the fateful decision in 1963 to eliminate any reference to "God" in future services for his congregation in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The resulting concoction, a tradition which focuses on Jewish history, culture, and ethical values without any supernatural references, was deemed by Wine as "Humanistic Judaism".
The society also has an "academic and intellectual" arm called the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism. 
==External links==
* Society for Humanistic Judaism
* IISHJ
Category:Organizations
Category:Judaism
Society of St. Pius X

The Society of St. Pius X (SSPX, also FSSPX) is a prominent traditionalist Catholic society which is "canonically valid but illicit," which seems to mean that it's "kind of" a part of the Catholic Church.
Basically, it is a 1950s Catholicism frozen in time. This includes Latin mass, opposition to evolution, fear of Hell and the Devil, no endorsement of Enlightenment values (and the French Revolution) and the occasionally uttered belief that we live in End Times. Quackery like homeopathy, relics and witchcraft are also widely believed by society members. Most members are old, though the church is slowly growing. This may be due to higher fertility rates, schools which prevent children from joining a peer group outside of the faith, and having missionaries in places like Africa. Some ideas are strangely nostalgic, like a children's magazine called the Eucharistic Children's Crusade or the belief that car accidents could be best prevented by prayer.
The Southern Poverty Law Center considers SSPX to be a "font of anti-Semitic propaganda".The Society of St. Pius X, which has chapels and schools across the world, remains a font of anti-Semitic propaganda. On the positive side, members generally follow the law, ignore politics, and pay taxes.
The founder of SSPX, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, supported the Vichy regime, the pro-Nazi government of France during World War II. Even in later years, SSPX hid war criminal in one of their monasteries. So there's that.
In 1988, Lefebvre "illicitly" ordained four new bishops, including the Holocaust denier which led to their excommunication under John Paul II. This excommunication was reversed by Benedict XVI. Williamson was later ousted from the society after an interview in 2009 in which he denied the Holocaust and founded his own true church. There are now about half a dozen sects that have sprung from the SSPX.
==References==
Category:Antisemitism
Category:Catholicism
Category:Holocaust denial
Sola fide

Sola fide (Latin for "by faith alone"Latin ablative case. The nominative case, sola fides, is properly pronounced /'sola 'fides/) expresses the doctrine — taught in most branches of Protestant Christianity — that states that one earns salvation solely by acceptance of Jesus' execution by the Roman authorities as a sacrifice for the sin of humanity, and that one's works of good will or charity have no bearing on one's right to a place in Heaven. This doctrine stems from Martin Luther's interpretation of the words of Paul on salvation, which claims that good works are not sufficient to achieve salvation in the eyes of YHWH.Romans 9:30-33 being one example of Paul's teaching. Sola fide has been encapsulated as a single Bible verse, John 3:16, basically implying that all the other parts of the Bible don't matter.
Fide does not actually mean "by faith", anyway. Latin does not have a word for the English concept of "faith"; it is at best only a bad approximation. Fide is better translated as "by duty", "by loyalty", or "by fidelity", rather than as "by faith". Remember, Romans would have considered "faith" (as we understand the word to mean today) as superstition. 
Not all Christian denominations accept the doctrine of sola fide. The Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Church, which are the oldest major Christian traditions, have rejected sola fide, treating heaven as a meritocracy of the faithful. The Catholic Church anathematized those who believe in faith alone at the 16th Century Council of Trent soon after the rise of Luther, while all historic churches consider the notion a heresy as well. Catholics consider faith without reason nothing more than superstition.See also: Pope John Paul II, Fides et Ratio "Deprived of reason, faith has stressed feeling and experience, and so run the risk of no longer being a universal proposition. It is an illusion to think that faith, tied to weak reasoning, might be more penetrating; on the contrary, faith then runs the grave risk of withering into myth or superstition."]
Interestingly enough, James 2:24 seems to fly in the face of this doctrine, as it specifically says man is justified by works and not by faith alone. Martin Luther wasn't fond of the book of James, referring to James as an "epistle of straw" (a reference to burning heretics at the stake), By some accounts, Luther even wanted that book removed from the Bible. 
==See also==
*Fideism
*Indulgence
==Notes==
Category:Latin phrases
Category:Religious terms
Solferino fallacy

The Solferino fallacy is the assumption that war is something that just naturally happens, and laws are enacted from the outside to try to regulate it.Jus in Bello and Jus ad Bellum, Frédéric Mégret, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), Vol. 100 (MARCH 29-APRIL 1, 2006), pp. 121-123, via JSTOR It is a misunderstanding of what international humanitarian law, like the Geneva Conventions, is and how it operates. The fallacy lies in the proposition that war is natural. While conflict may be natural, "war" is a specific type of conflict which is actively defined, delineated, and legitimized by implicit social understandings and explicit legal regulations. In other words, war is a social construct, even if military conflict, in general, is not.
A particularly common example of the Solferino fallacy is the "war is hell" argument, which states that since "war is hell", any effort to regulate it should be abandoned. In this argument, you assume your conclusion at the very beginning: since your understanding of war is that it's hell, then of course by your understanding of it, regulations are pointless. An objector can justifiably respond that this might be what you think war is, but what the mainstream understanding of statesmen construes as war (in jargon, what "international actors" perceive it as) is something with specific limits that does not need to be — indeed, shouldn't be — hell. They can, therefore, be held accountable to these standards, since it is not a natural force they are attempting to control, but something which they themselves define and initiate.
It is possible to build analytically justifiable arguments about why international humanitarian law is ultimately meaningless: the Solferino fallacy only characterizes specific, but common, arguments that don't hold water.
The term "Solferino fallacy" originates, indirectly, in the 1859 a key turning-point in the development of humanitarian law. More specifically it refers to the 1861 a work about the battle which sparked an international movement that culminated with the First Geneva Convention. The Memoirs of Solferino were designed to expose the brutality of war and thus call for laws to be instituted to regulate it. By framing the subsequent debate in these terms, the Memoirs committed the first explicit instance of the Solferino fallacy. 
Formally, the Solferino fallacy is an incorrect understanding of war and to some extent an example of the generalized naturalistic fallacy. It is usually incorporated in a type of presupposition, and is also similar to a spotlight fallacy in that it assumes that characteristics that pertain to particular types of military conflict apply to all kinds of military conflict (and hence to war). 
==See also==
* War crimes
==References==
Category:Fallacious arguments
Category:War crimes
Solipsism

Epistemological solipsism is the philosophical viewpoint that nothing can be proven beyond the existence of the self. Popularly identified with the phrase Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am), solipsism holds that no perception felt by the mind can be regarded as truly verifiable, and so the existence of anything caused by that perception is not certain. Hence, nothing outside the mind of the observer can be rationally confirmed. 
Unlike the similar viewpoint of "subjectivism", solipsism goes beyond mere skepticism of just objective reality and regards the existence of other minds, or observers, as being uncertain as well.
More extremely, metaphysical solipsism is the position that I am the only person who exists or who has ever existed; that other people are mere figments of my imagination; that there is no Universe outside of myself, and hence the universe began when I began and the Universe will end when I end… Unless I'm a figment of somebody else's imagination. Nevertheless it can be an incredibly hard idea to shake for some people, especially those with Dissociative disorders.
If solipsism sounds abstract and unreal, bear in mind that it may seep into pop psychology self-help woo as in the form of Werner Erhard's est (1971-1984) or the Landmark Forum (1991 onwards),
 and Christianity (name it and claim it).Accommodation or Engagement? by Peter Steinfels (April 23, 2012) Commonweal.
You know how most people tend to come to the realization everyone else is a Human being with their own thoughts, lives, beliefs, emotions and wants? This is the polar opposite idea.
As a side note, solipsism will not save you if you are confronted with a life-threatening event such as a gun-wielding psychopath, a ravenous tiger, a burning building, or oncoming traffic. Deadly things can kill you regardless of whether or not you acknowledge their existence. Use common sense.
==See also==
*Brain in a vat
*Egotheism
*Hyperianism
*Idealism
*Last Thursdayism
*Pyrrhonism
*Simulated reality
==External links==
*Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds by Stephen Thornton on the Internet Encyclopoedia of Philosophy
==References==
Category:Logic
Category:Philosophy
Solitary confinement

Solitary confinement is a form of torture used in prisons in which a prisoner is isolated from others,http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/solitary-confinement?q=solitary+confinement generally in a dark room. Solitary confinement has been in use since the 19th century, originally as a way for prisoners to "seek forgiveness from God".http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2009/03/solitary-confinement-brief-natural-history
==History==
In 1829, Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, USA, began doing the first experiments about solitary confinement, based on the Christian belief that prisoners isolated in small cells with only a Bible would seek forgiveness from god and thus change their ways.http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5579901 The practice was slowly abandoned for a time after this initial experimentation in Philadelphia. In 1890, a case was brought before the United States Supreme Court, in which a prisoner petitioned for Habeus Corpus. Besides the solitary confinement prior to the prisoner's death sentence being found unconstitutional on an ex post facto basis, the court noted that 'A considerable number of the prisoners fell, after even a short confinement, into a semi-fatuous condition, from which it was next to impossible to arouse them, and others became violently insane; others still, committed suicide; while those who stood the ordeal better were not generally reformed, and in most cases did not recover sufficient mental activity to be of any subsequent service to the community.'In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160 (1890) This being something that was apparent in 1890, you would think that the American People would have figured it out by now.
==Psychological effects on prisoners==
The conditions of solitary confinement units have extreme psychological effects on prisoners.http://ijo.sagepub.com/content/52/6/622.short?rss=1&ssource=mfr A recent study showed that "inmates ever assigned to solitary confinement were 3.2 times as likely to commit an act of self-harm per 1000 days at some time during their incarceration as those never assigned to solitary".http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301742 A research paper by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law stated that solitary confinement can be "as clinically distressing as physical torture". Prisoners inside solitary confinement units with little or no human contact can develop serious mental disabilities, such as schizophrenia, if in solitary confinement for long periods of time. Many prisoners with pre-existing mental conditions can "deteriorate mentally in isolation, requiring crisis care or psychiatric hospitalization". http://www.jaapl.org/content/38/1/104.full
== In a nutshell ==
==External links==
*6×9: A virtual experience of solitary confinement
==References==
Category:Law
Category:Human rights
Song of Solomon

The Song of Solomon, also known as the Song of Songs, is supposed to be the sexiest book of the Bible.There are probably limitations on how sexy a man can be when he's solo.
{cue Barry White}
Also known by its alternative title, "Scriptural Sexytime Hawtness," the Song of Solomon follows the relationship of a man and a woman from courtship to (ahem) knowledge in the Biblical sense. The book is often interpreted as allegorical,That is, not literal representing the relationship between God and the Israelites and/or Christ and the church. This serves the purpose of squaring the presence of an erotic poem in the Biblical canon with the disdain for marriage and sex exhibited by several New Testament figures, and with the form of Platonic dualism (mind good, matter bad) that had found its way into Christian doctrine. However, a more straightforward reading of the text leaves little doubt as to what's gettin' on.
Although the more boorish voyeurs will be disappointed in the book, it contains several beautifully poetic pick-up lines. Be warned, rational ladies!
==See also==
*RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Song of Solomon
==External links==
*Best of Song of Songs
==Notes==
Category:Blasphemy (probably)
Category:Old Testament Wisdom
Category:Old Testament
category:Porn
Sonia Sotomayor

Sonia Sotomayor is an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. In 2009, Mrs. Sotomayor was nominated by President Obama to fill the vacancy left by Justice David Souter's departure from the Court. Following her confirmation, Mrs. Sotomayor was elevated from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, where she had joined in the controversial "reverse discrimination" case of Ricci v. DeStefano.530 F. 3d 88 (2d Cir. 2008), rev'd, 129 S.Ct. 2658 (2009). This opinion almost caused many conservatives' brains to explode and Rush Limbaugh and Newt Gingrich called her a racist.
On the more unambiguously wacky side, her senior thesis in college contained some ranting about how she'd supported Puerto Rican independence; to describe this position as fringe is charitable.http://ninthjustice.nationaljournal.com/2009/06/grading-sotomayors-senior-thes.php
Justice Sotomayor is the 3rd woman, and the 1st unambiguous Hispanic (, ethnically a Spanish/Portuguese Jew and appointed in 1932, comes first, but labeling him as Hispanic is not universally agreed on) to sit on the Supreme Court. At the time of her confirmation, she had more legal experience than anyone else on the Court.
==See also==
*Rove's Law
==References==
Category:United States Supreme Court Justices
Category:Living people
Sonnenkrieg Division

Sonnenkrieg Division is a British Neo-Nazi organisation founded some time in 2018. The origins of Sonnenkrieg (German for "sun war") lie with the collapse of the alliance between System Resistance Network (a post-ban splinter of National Action) and the American group, Atomwaffen Division. Sonnenkrieg formed from SRN members that still supported the alliance.Twitter: Looks like System Resistance Network, the new iteration of the banned UK neo-Nazi group National Action, has severed ties with Atomwaffen having previously been casting themselves as their UK wing. It’s due to the satanic direct Atomwaffen went in.
==Operations==
Based on information available to the press, Sonnenkrieg is led by Andrew Dymock, an alleged former member of National Action, with propaganda pictures made by alleged former SRN member Oskar Koczorowski. In December 2018, the BBC went public about a months-long investigation which infiltrated a far-right Discord server, in which members posted artwork calling for the assassination of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and the murder of police.BBC - British Neo-Nazis suggest Prince Harry should be shot The police were contacted, and three arrests were made on 6 December.BBC - Police investigating right-wing activity arrest three men on terror charges
It was proscribed by the British government in February 2020, with the Home Office calling it a "right-wing terrorist group".Order to proscribe far-right terrorist group comes into force, UK government press release, 28 February 2020US neo-Nazi group should be banned in UK, home secretary says, BBC News, 19 April 2021 The Australian government introduced a similar ban in March 2021; home office minister Peter Dutton explained: "They have a presence that we’re particularly worried about in the UK, but their reach goes into the minds of young people and Australians here".Australia plans to add far-right group Sonnenkrieg Division to list of terrorist organisations, The Guardian, 2 Mar 2021Australia bans far-right extremist Sonnenkrieg Division, Deutsche Welle, 22 Mar 2021
==References==
Category:Neo-Nazism