Maurice

Maurice is a novel by E. M. Forster which has a small-to-medium-sized rarelit fandom. Set in England in the Edwardian/pre-War era, it tells of the coming of age of the middle-class Maurice Hall via his love for two very different men: Clive Durham, an upper-middle-class landowner who is unable to act on his homosexual feelings, and Alec Scudder, a sexually liberated gamekeeper on Clive's estate. 
The novel was first drafted by Forster in 1913-14 before the First World War, with no expectation that he would be able to publish it at a time when male homosexuality remained illegal and imprisonable in England. It was circulated privately among Forster's close friends, but not published until 1971 after his death, in a revised form which he had continued to rework up until 1960. Maurice is unique for its era in having a happy ending for the gay couple. It is widely regarded as a classic work of the queer canon (see eg (accessed 4 September 2014)).
==Adaptation==
Adapted to film in 1987 by Merchant Ivory Productions, for the stage by SNAP Theatre Company in 1998, and as a 2007 BBC Radio 4 Classic Serial by Philip Osment.
===Film===
The Indian-born producer Ismail Merchant and American director James Ivory, who were personal as well as professional partners for more than 40 years, were responsible for the adaptation that featured in the cast with James Wilby as Maurice, Hugh Grant as Clive and Rupert Graves as Alec. The film's adaptation process and production were complicated and fraught, resulting in around 30 minutes of alternate and deleted scenes (some book-canon, some not) which have added to the film's cult appeal - but the released cut is reasonably faithful to the novel, though with several points of divergence. The naturalness and frankness of the film's sexual portrayals, along with the astonishing beauty of the three leads (who were all cast as young unknowns), have probably contributed to the novel's following.
===Stage & Radio===
The first stage adaptation, was written by Roger Parsley with Andy Graham, and produced by SNAP Theatre Company in 1998. 
In 2007, it was dramatized in two episodes of one hour each by Philip Osment at 21:00 on two Saturdays in July, the 21st and 28th of 2007.Episode 1/2 of the dramatization by Philip OsmentEpisode 2/2 of the dramatization by Philip Osment Regrettably they are not available for online streaming like other episodes dramatized by BBC Radio 4.
Shamelesss Theatre Company staged another production in 2010 at the Above the Stag Theatre in London. Above the Stag staged it again in September/October 2018, as part of the theatre's first season in their new premises. It was directed by James Wilby. The US premiere opened on 24 February 2012 at the New Conservatory Theatre Center in San Francisco.
==Fannish Opinion==
==Fandom==
Maurice has a small-to-medium-sized rarelit fandom, based on both novel and film, which are often treated interchangeably. mr_edna_may, the earliest livejournal for the fandom, was founded in June 2004 by marauderthesn. Discussion topics include Clive's sexuality, the novel's timeline, revisions made to the novel over Forster's lifetime, differences between the novel and the film, and the application of "slash" to a canonically gay source.
Fanfiction is one common fan activity. The earliest publicly accessible online story indexed by the mauriceficlist masterlist was posted to FanFiction.Net in April 2004.Alfriston Gardens by marauderthesn/Marauder; posted 5 April 2004 Fanfiction might have been published as early as 2002 by Daisy Gamgee.In the fiction journal without_fail; now locked The mr_edna_may journal hosted fanfiction from the outset, and works have also been posted to the rarelitslash community since 2005. Maurice has been intermittently represented at Yuletide since 2008. 
Fanfiction is unsurprisingly dominated by m/m slash with the canonical couples, especially Maurice/Alec. Futurefic addressing Maurice & Alec's life together after the novel is the most common scenario, with some stories set during the First World War. There are also gapfillers and backstories for the three men. Occasional stories feature Clive's wife, Anne, or Maurice's sister, Kitty, often though not invariably in the context of their reaction to the m/m couples. Anne is occasionally portrayed as asexual,For example, Alec by Basingstoke, written in 2013 for Yuletide and at least one story portrays Kitty as lesbian (also hinted by Forster in his own abandoned 1914 Epilogue to the novel).Vale of friendship by queen_ypolita, written in 2013 for Queer Fest Crossovers have been written with fandoms of a broadly contemporary setting including The Charioteer, Jeeves & Wooster & the Lord Peter Wimsey series, as well as Doctor Who & Sherlock (in which Graves plays Lestrade).
Some fan art has been created, including both canonical m/m couples, as well as individual portraits. It is often, but not always, based on the film. Icon/wallpaper-making is a common activity.
Miss Morland recommended Maurice on Crack Van in 2009; other recommenders include chasingriversong & Espresso Addict.
==Example Fanworks==
===Fanfiction===
*Alfriston Gardens by marauderthesn/Marauder. Gapfiller; perhaps the earliest online story (2004)
*Somewhere to Begin by Geoviki. Futurefic; one of the most popular stories in the Miscellaneous Books section of Skyehawke. Miss Morland writes Longer than your average Maurice fanfic and more satisfying than most ... The deft use of original characters and the vivid writing make this story a pleasure to read.crack_van: Somewhere to Begin by Geoviki (G) (accessed 4 September 2014) (2006)
*Coldly Separate Stillness by athousandwinds. Clive/Anne futurefic. Miss Morland writes this short fic from Clive's perspective offers not only an impressive amount of insight into a character it can be hard to understand, let alone sympathise with; it also captures Forster's style beautifully, subtly showing us Clive's delusions as well as his underlying unhappiness. (accessed 4 September 2014) (2007)
*A Mirror Distorted by Shirasade. The first Yuletide story. Miss Morland writes Short, subtle and plausible, A Mirror Distorted explores Clive's reactions as he happens to spot a familiar face during his visit to a hospital camp for wounded soldiers during WWI.crack_van: A Mirror Distorted by Shirasade (PG) (accessed 4 September 2014) (2008)
*The Test by Miss Morland. Character study of a young Clive struggling to reconcile his homosexual thoughts with his Christian faith. More sympathetic to Clive than much fanfiction (2009)
*The Home Front by Kindkit. Espresso Addict writes Sharp characterisation of an older Scudder. His perspectives on class & patriotism are particularly interestingEspresso Recommendations: EM Forster (accessed 4 September 2014) (2009)
*Crackle and Burn, or Thursday Night and Friday Morning by 12XU. Explicit Maurice/Alec fill, set during the novel. chasingriversong writes (on this and another work by 12XU) fabulous, deliciously sexual pieces that recreate the tone of the original book and film while taking it much furtherchasingriversong: Fic Rec: ‘Make You Sorry For It’ (E.M. Forster’s Maurice) (accessed 4 September 2014) (2011)
===Fan art===
*Maurice and Clive by littlemute. Maurice/Clive (2004)
*Scudder by Barbaroshima. Scudder portrait (pencil) (2005)
*Maurice by Endymiasyzygy. Maurice/Clive (2008)
*Maurice and Alec by NewHedonism Maurice/Scudder (pencil) (2010)
*see here for some more examples
==Communities==
===Livejournal===
*mr_edna_may, first livejournal for the fandom; discussion & fanfiction
===Dreamwidth===
*mauriceficlist, a fanfiction listing Dreamwidth, with masterlist & recs
*never-be-parted, Dreamwidth community 
===Tumblr===
*Maurice, Clive, Alec.
==Archives & Masterlists==
*Maurice fanworks @AO3, probably the largest collection of fanfiction
*Masterlist & Tags at mauriceficlist
*Masterlist at mr_edna_may
*Memories at rarelitslash
==Resources==
*Maurice: Review by into_the_greenwood/Jim Clark; detailed film review that also covers the novel (2004)
*Links list by ea_calendula. Includes fanfiction & essays (2010)
==References==
Category:Maurice