The Confederate States in the Civil War

== Population and Demographics ==
== Antebellum Confederate States == 
== Conflict ==
 
 
 1860
* December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union
 
 
 1861
* January 11, 1861 - Alabama secedes from the Union
* August 21, 1861 - Confederate Congress passes an act authorizing the creation of Local Defense troops (See June 23, 1863)
 
 
 1862
* December 10, 1862 - Kentucky is admitted as a Confederate State despite not having officially seceded from the Union
 
 
 1863
* June 23, 1863 - Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's office issued General Orders #86 outlining the regulations for their organizations
** Units usually organized on the company and battalion level for defense of the areas in which they were raised
** Frequently composed of employees of government arsenals, armories, bureaus, or from men detailed from regular line detached service
** Towards the end of the war, some of these units were organized into regiments
 
 
 1864
* February 17, 1864 - Confederate Congress creates Reserves - troops that did not have to serve beyond the boundaries of the state
** Expanded conscription to include all white males between the ages of 17 and 50 years of age
** Those under 18 and over 45 organized into the Reserves
 
 
 1865
== Units from the Confederate States ==
Note that this list does not include all units sent by the Confederate States to the conflict, but rather the units raised by and designated as Confederate States troops. Because the Confederate States of America did not yet have a developed federal apparatus for raising troops, states often sent individual companies to fulfill a Confederate-designated unit. These units were sometimes subsequently broken up with the companies returned to their original state designations. To view lists of units sent by each individual state, use the 'search' function to the left to find the correct state or unit.
=== Determining a Unit's Designation ===
Generally, a unit's most basic designation uses the following formula:
NUMBER + STATE + BRANCH 	NUMBER + STATE + BRANCH 	NUMBER + STATE + BRANCH
ex. 1st Alabama Infantry 	ex. 1st Alabama Infantry 	ex. 1st Alabama Infantry
NUMBERRefers most often to the chronological order in which the unit raised	STATEState from which the unit was raised or credited, or raised by the Confederate States government	BRANCHFunction of the armed services in which the unit primarily served - Infantry, Cavalry, or Heavy/Light Artillery
However, designations changed often throughout the war, sometimes the same unit being renamed several times. Units were disbanded, reformed, re-designated, consolidated, etc. so often, particularly in the Confederate armies, that distinguishing one unit from another can be incredibly confusing. Some units even preferred to include the word Volunteers in the designation, despite the rise in numbers of draftees among the ranks at the end of the war. The WotRWiki uses a more advanced formula below to designate unique units in the database; however any local unit names and aliases are recorded on the unit homepage whenever possible:
(ROMAN NUMERAL) + (NAME OR LOCATION) + (NUMBER) + STATE + (DESCRIPTOR 1) + BRANCH + UNIT SIZE + (DESCRIPTOR 2)	(ROMAN NUMERAL) + (NAME OR LOCATION) + (NUMBER) + STATE + (DESCRIPTOR 1) + BRANCH + UNIT SIZE + (DESCRIPTOR 2)
(ROMAN NUMERAL) 	Used most often to distinguish different iterations of the same unit
(NAME OR LOCATION) 	Sometimes Confederate units carried the same numerical designations while in active service
(NUMBER) 	Refers most often to the chronological order in which the unit raised
STATE 	State from which the unit was raised or credited, or raised by the Confederate States government
(DESCRIPTOR 1) 	
BRANCH 	Function of the armed services in which the unit primarily served - Infantry, Cavalry, or Heavy/Light Artillery
UNIT SIZE 	
(DESCRIPTOR 2) 	
=== Units Raised by the Confederate States Government ===
 
 
 Artillery
* 1st Confederate States Artillery Battery
* (Fitzgerald's) 1st Confederate States Artillery - Unit failed to complete organization
* (White's) Confederate States Horse Artillery Battery
 
 
 Cavalry
REGIMENTS
* 1st Confederate States Cavalry
* 3rd Confederate States Cavalry
* 7th Confederate States Cavalry
* (Dearing's) 8th Confederate States Cavalry / (Wade's) 8th Confederate States Cavalry
* 10th Confederate States Cavalry
* 14th Confederate States Cavalry
* 15th Confederate States Cavalry
* 20th Confederate States Cavalry
* (Mead's) Confederate States Cavalry
* (Powers') Confederate States Cavalry
BATTALIONS
* 1st Confederate States (Trans-Mississippi) Cavalry Battalion
* 6th Confederate States Cavalry Battalion
* 7th Confederate States Cavalry Battalion
* (Baxter's) Confederate States Cavalry Battalion
OTHER UNITS
* 1st Confederate States (Regular) Cavalry
* (Gillum's) Confederate States Cavalry (Mounted Riflemen) - Unit failed to complete its organization
 
 
 Infantry
BATTALIONS
* 1st Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* 2nd Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* 4th Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* 8th Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* (Bradford's) Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* (Brooks') Confederate States Infantry Battalion
* Confederate States (Brush) Infantry Battalion
* (Tucker's) Confederate States Infantry Battalion
** 1st Confederate States Foreign Infantry Battalion
REGIMENTS
* 1st Confederate States Infantry
* 2nd Confederate States Infantry
* 3rd Confederate States Infantry
* 4th Confederate States Infantry
* 5th Confederate States Infantry
OTHER UNITS
* 5th Confederate States Company (C.S. Retributors)
 
 
 Engineers
CONFEDERATE STATES ENGINEERS
* 1st Confederate States Engineers
* 2nd Confederate States Engineers
* 3rd Confederate States Engineers
* 4th Confederate States Engineers
** 1st Confederate States Engineer Battalion - c. April 1865
 
 
 Indian Troops
In the summer and fall of 1861, Confederate Indian Commissioner Albert Pike signed treaties of alliance with various Indian tribes in the Indian Territory. Although many tribes initially sided with the Confederacy, they later ended up as units in the Union Army's Indian Home Guard regiments. 
Records from these units are often sketchy (at best) and incomplete, as units often disbanded and reformed at will. Often these new organizations took new designations or were referred to by different commanders. Similarly, the commanders are often listed as being from Oklahoma, though more research is needed as to their true state of origin.
CHEROKEE
* (Meyer's) 1st Cherokee Cavalry Battalion
* 1st Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
* 1st Cherokee Cavalry Squadron (Mounted Volunteers)
* 2nd Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
* 2nd Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Volunteers)
** 1st Cherokee Cavalry Battalion (Partisan Rangers)
* (Frye's/Scales') Cherokee Cavalry Battalion
CHICKASAW
* 1st Chickasaw Cavalry Battalion
* 1st Chickasaw Cavalry
* (Sheco's) Chickasaw Cavalry
CHOCTAW
* 1st Choctaw Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
* 1st Choctaw War Cavalry
** (Folsom's) 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion
* 3rd Choctaw Cavalry
** (McCurtain's) 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion
* (Deneale's) Choctaw Cavalry Battalion
CREEK
* 1st Creek Cavalry
* 2nd Creek Cavalry
** 1st Creek Cavalry Battalion
* (Kenard's) Creek Cavalry Battalion
OSAGE
* (Broke Arm's) Osage Cavalry Battalion
SEMINOLE
* 1st Seminole Cavalry Battalion
MIXED UNITS
* 1st Chickasaw and Choctaw Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)Unit appears to be listed twice in Sifakis
* (Washington's) Indian Territory Cavalry Squadron
== Casualties from the Confederate States == 
== Notes ==
== Sources ==
* Abel, Annie Heloise. The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
* Amman, William. Personnel of the Civil War. 2 volumes. New York, Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.
* Bergeron, Arthur W. Guide to Louisiana Confederate Military Units, 1861-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
* Boatner, Mark Mayo III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: David McKay Company, 1959.
* Bowman, John S. The Civil War Almanac. New York: Facts on File, 1982.
* Britton, Wiley. The Union Indian Brigade in the Civil War. Kansas City, Mo:F. Hudson Publishing, 1922.
* Crute, Joseph H., (Jr.). Units of the Confederate States Army. Midlothian, Va.: Darwinist Books, 1987.
* Confederate States of America, War Department. Army Regulations: Adopted for the Use of the Army of the Confederate States, in Accordance with Late Acts of Congress.
* Cross Reference of Local Florida Confederate Units and Their Regimental Designations. Kingsburg, Calif.: Pacific Specialties, 1971.
* Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History. 12 Volumes. Atlanta:Confederate Publishing Company, 1899.
* Franks, Kenny Arthur. Stand Watie and the Agony of the Cherokee Nation. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, c. 1979.
* Freeman, Douglas Southall. Lee's Lieutenant: A Study in Command.. 3 Volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1941-1946.
* Freeman, Douglas Southall. R.E. Lee: A Biography. 4 Volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934-1935.
* Gauge, Isaac. Four Years With Five Armies: Army of the Frontier, Army of the Potomac, Army of the Missouri, Army of the Ohio, Army of the Shenandoah. New York and Washington: The Kneel Publishing Company, 1908.
* Gaines, W. Craig. The Confederate Cherokees: John Drew's Regiment of Mounted Rifles. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
* Grayson, George Washington. A Creek Warrior for the Confederacy: The Autobiography of Chief G.W. Grayson. Edited and with an Introduction by W. David Bairn. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.
* Hauptman, Lawrence M. The Iroquois in the Civil War: From Battlefield to Reservation. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 993.
* Johnson, Robert Underwood and Buel, Clarence Cough, eds. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. 4 Volumes. New York: The Century Company, 1887.
* Krick, Robert K. Lee's Colonels: A Biographical Register of the Field Officers of the Army of Northern Virginia (2nd Edition). Dayton, Ohio: Press of Morningside Bookstore, 1984.
* Long, E.B, and Barbara. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac 1861-1865. Garden City, Ny: Doubleday, 1971.
* Lonn, Ella. Foreigners in the Confederacy. Chapell Hill: University of North Carolina, 1940.
* McKim, Randolph Harrison. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army: An Examination of the Argument of the Hon. Charles Francis Adams and Others. New York: The Kneel Publishing Company, 1912.
* Moire, Albert Burton. Conscription and Conflict in the Confederacy. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924.
* National Archives, Record Group 109
* Scharf, Thomas J. History of the Confederate States Navy: From its Organization to the Surrender of its Last Vessels. Albany: Joseph McDonough, 1887.
* 
* Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts on File, 1989.
* Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Confederacy. New York: Facts on File, 1989.
* Tancig, W.J. Confederate Military Land Units, 1861-1865. South Brunswick, N.C.:T. Yoseloff, 1967.
* 
* 
* Wakelyn, Jon L. Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977.
* Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
* Weeks, Philip. Farewell, My Nation: The American Indian and the United States, 1820-1890. Arlington Heights, Ill.: H. Davidson, c. 1990.
* Wise, Jennings Cropper. The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lynchburg, Virginia: J.P. Bell Co., 1915.
* Wright, Marcus J. General Officers of the Confederate Army. New York: Neale Publishing Co., 1911.