nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Ichou (Ginkgo tree) - left (359L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_359.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 359
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (359L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light yellow brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 銀杏 : Ichou
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| ginkgo tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ginkgo biloba L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant was found to be not suitable for dyeing.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Ichou (Ginkgo tree) - right (359 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_359.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 359
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (359 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| white
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 銀杏 : Ichou
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| ginkgo tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ginkgo biloba L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant was found to be not suitable for dyeing.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Igepal

== Description ==
[Rhodia, Inc] A registered trademark for a series of nonionic surfactants composed of alkylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanols. Igepal® surfactants are pale yellow viscous liquids. A 5% aqueous solution of Igepal® CA has a pH of 7-9. They are effective detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers and have been used to remove tarnish from silver. However, alkylphenol ethoxylate compounds, like Igepal® and Triton® X, are xenoestrogens and should be handled with caution. Nonoxynol-9 (same as Igepal® CA-630) is also used as a spermicide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Igepal® CA-630; Igepal CA-630; Nonoxynol-9
== Risks ==
* Contact will cause irritation to skin, and eyes. 
* Extremely hazardous. 
* Handle carefully and dispose as hazardous waste.
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Miscible in water, ethanol and acetone. 
* Soluble in benzene, toluene. 
* Insoluble in ligroin.
* Density = 1.0595
==Resources and Citations==
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
Category:Materials database
Igneous

== Description ==
Rocks that solidified from a hot, molten matrix such as magma or lava. When the magma cools slowly, individual components can crystalline and form coarse-grain rocks, such as granite, diorite, basalt, and syenite. When the magma or lava cools quickly, fine-grain minerals and glass-like rocks, such as rhyolite and obsidian, are formed.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
igneo (Esp., Port.); ignée (Fr.); Magmatisch (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1984
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ikat

== Description ==
A resist-dyed textile first prepared in Indonesia. Ikat textiles are primarily made from cotton or silk. Prior to weaving the thread is periodically tied then dyed thus preventing the tied section from being colored. The process is then repeated with different tie location and dye colors. In warp ikats, only the lengthwise threads are dyed. In weft ikats, dyed floating weft threads are woven in addition to the plain filling threads.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
resist-dyed textile; weft ikat; warp ikat; patola (India); tie-dyed (modern term)
== Additional Images ==
File:2002.10.SC28476.jpg|Wall hangingMFA# 2002.10
File:2002.10_Ikat_det.jpg|Detail for IkatMFA# 2002.10
File:MFA591055 Ikat.jpg|Indian double IkatMFA 59.1055
File:59.1055_Double_Ikat_det.jpg|Expanded viewMFA 59.1055
File:MFA1993694 Dye resist.jpg|Cambodian weft itak MFA# 1993.694
File:1993.694_weft.Ikat_det.jpg|Detail for IkatMFA# 1993.694
File:1993.694.E11163CR-d1.jpg|Detail for IkatMFA# 1993.694
== Resources and Citations ==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "arts, Southeast Asian." and "Indonesia." (Accessed 30 Sept. 2004).
Category:Materials database
Ilixanthin

== Description ==
A yellow dye extracted from the leaves of both the common buckwheat plant, Fagopyrum esculentum, and the English holly bush, Ilex aquifloium. Ilixanthin produces a dark yellow color on cotton when mordanted with alumina and a light yellow when mordanted with tin.
==Resources and Citations==
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
Category:Materials database
Illite

== Description ==
A class of clay minerals composed of hydrated potassium aluminosilicates. Illites were first described in 1937 in shale samples from Calhoun county, Illinois. This grayish-green clay does not shrink on drying.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hydromica; hydromuscovite; gumbelite; illita (Esp.); illite (Fr., Port.); Illit (Deut.); illiet (Ned.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Illite PMA.TIF~FTIR (PMA)]]]
* Color = gray, green white 
* Cleavage=perfect 
* Streak = white
* Mohs Hardness = 1.0-2.0
* Density = 2.6-2.9 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Web Minerals: Illite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Illuminance

== Description ==
A measure of the intensity of light reaching a given surface. The International System of Units (SI) measures illuminance in lux units. One lux equals 1 lumen per square meter. A measurement unit for illuminance commonly used in English speaking countries is footcandle (1 lumen per square foot).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lux; Beleuchtungsstärke (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Illumination

== Description ==
The lighting, or increasing the amount of available visible radiation, of an area. The intensity of illumination is measured as illuminance in lux or foot-candle units. Various types of energy sources can be used to increase illumination. Some of these are: fluorescent; incandescent; and high-intensity discharge lamps (mercury, sodium, metal halide). Each type of lamp emits a specific wavelength pattern that is generally characterized by its color temperature and brightness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lichtstärke (Deut.); illumination (Fr.); iluminação (Port.)
Category:Materials database
Illustration board

== Description ==
A thin, but sturdy, cardboard sheet with drawing or watercolor paper laminated on one or both sides. Two-sided illustration boards have better dimensional stability than one-sided boards. Illustration boards are not suitable for permanent works of art (Mayer 1969).
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ilmenite

== Description ==
A shiny, black, iron-containing titanium ore. Ilmenite occurs naturally in many locations in the U.S. (New York, Wyoming), Canada (Quebec), Russia (Ilmen Mountains), Australia, Norway and India. It can also be made synthetically. Ilmenite is used in titanium containing paint and enamels. For ceramics, ilmenite powder is used as a glaze color and ilmenite granules are used to produce speckles. Ground ilmenite has been used as a dark colorant in pastels.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Ilmeniteitaly2.jpg~Raman]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
titanic iron ore; menaccanite; Titaneisen (Deut.); Ilmenit (Deut.); ilmenita (Esp.); ilménite (Fr.); ilmeniet (Ned.); ilmenite (Port.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Hexagonal crystal system; thick tabular crystals. 
* Fracture = conchoidal: brittle. 
* Luster = metallic. 
* Streak = black. 
* Slightly magnetic.
Composition 	FeO.TiO2
Mohs Hardness	5 - 6
Density 	4.5-5 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Ilmenite
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "ilmenite" [Accessed December 11, 2001]
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ilsemannite

== Description ==
A blue-black mineral used as a blue earth pigment in the mid-19th century. Ilsemannite is most likely composed of a complex oxide of molybdenum (Harley 1982)
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
molybdenum blue; blue carmine
==Resources and Citations==
* R.Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Imbuya

== Description ==
A dark, greenish-brown wood from the tree Nectandra villosa, native to Brazil. The color and texture of the wood is similar to true walnut and thus it has been called Brazilian walnut. Imbuya is an important wood for carving, furniture, cabinets and flooring. Several other species of Nectandra trees also grow in the tropical region, many of which have similar characteristics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Nectandra villosa; embuya; imbuia; Brazilian walnut
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 856
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Imidazole

== Description ==
Colorless, prism-shaped crystals. Imidazole is an organic buffer used in a formulation for dressing leather. It is also used as a pesticide to control fabric eating insects. Imidazole kills by inhibiting metabolic functions.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|imidazole.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
glyoxalin; glyoxaline; 1,3-diazole; iminazole; miazole; 1,3-diaza-2,4-cyclopentadiene
==Risks==
* ThermoFIsher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, pyridine. Slightly soluble in benzene.
Composition 	C3H4N2
CAS 	288-32-4
Melting Point 	90-91 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 68.08
Boiling Point 	257 C
==Resources and Citations===
* H.van Soest, T.Stambolov, T. Hallebeek "Conservation Of Leather" Studies in Conservation 29:21-31, 1984.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 4948
Category:Materials database
Imitation Russia

== Description ==
A vegetable tanned cowhide. Imitation Russia leather is made from a split hide tanned with birch oil in order to imitate the odor of true Russia leather (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Russia cowhide; American Russia
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Imitation cloth

== Description ==
A paper or plastic sheet imprinted or embossed to simulate a woven fabric.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
namaak weefsel (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Imitation felt

== Description ==
Imitation felt, or baize, is a loosely woven fabric with a napped, felt-like surface. Baize was originally made in Baza, Spain (Tortora and Merkel 1996). It is made from wool, cotton, synthetic fibers or asbestos that is shrunk, then fluffed to the point that it is difficult to distinguish the weave. Woven felt is used for papermaking, conveyor belts, absorbent blankets, damping and roofing materials, box liners, and as a cover for the surfaces of game tables. It was also used in old homes to cover doors between a reception room and the kitchen area (Roland and Riley 1981).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
imitación de fieltro (Esp.) namaak vilt (Ned); baize; woven felt;
==Resources and Citations==
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Imitation gilding

== Description ==
The color of gold gilding has been imitated since medieval time using a transparent yellow glaze over silver or tin leaf. In the 19th century, bronze leaf was also used as a gold imitation (see Dutch metal). Currently, imitation gold leaf is made from tinted sheets of aluminum or white gold (palladium and platinum).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
imitation gilt; imitation gold leaf ; imitation de dorure (Fr.); imitatie vergulding (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
Category:Materials database
Imitation gold

== Description ==
Any metallic alloy used as a substitute for gold. Imitation gold is usually made of powdered bronze. It is used for lettering and decoration of books. 
See also alchemic gold, Dutch metal, and pinchbeck.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
artificial gold; imitatie goud (Ned.); ouro de imitação (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Imitation ivory

== Description ==
Many types of horns, antlers, and bones are used to imitate ivory. Examples are hippopotamus teeth, sperm whale teeth, walrus tusk, narwhal tusk, rhinoceros horn, and deer antler. Vegetable products such as palm nuts, have been used as ivory substitutes. Imitation ivory has also been made by consolidating powdered bone and ivory with protein binders such as glue or casein. Other mixtures include shellac filled with chalk and clay. Synthetic resins, such as cellulose nitrate, were specifically developed as replacements for ivory. Some cellulose nitrate imitations were even made as laminates to imitate the layered structure of ivory.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
artificial ivory; ivoire artificiel (Fr.); ivory substitute
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Thornton, "The Structure of Ivory and Ivory Substitutes", AIC Preprints, Philadelphia, 1981, p.173-181
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Imitation leather

== Description ==
A flexible fabric or paper imprinted or embossed to simulate the appearance and feel of leather. For inexpensive imitation leathers, a base cloth of a heavy fabric, such as cotton duck or rayon, is coated with a plastic, such as vinyl, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyethylene, or chloroprene rubber. Some imitation leathers are made without a fabric lining. One method uses thick, embossed sheets of slightly elastomeric plastic (rubber or polyurethane) while a second method uses compressed, pulped leather scraps and a third method uses textile fibers mixed with a polymeric binder. Imitation leathers are used for upholstery, luggage, bookbinding, and automobile seat covers. It is unlawful to use terms that imply a material is leather when it is an imitation. See also Fabrikoid and Naugahyde.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
artificial leather; cuir artificiel (Fr.); imitación de cuero (Esp.); imitación de piel (Esp.); namaak leer (Ned); leerdoek (Ned.); leatherette; leather cloth; Fabrikoid; Naugahyde®;
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 203
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Polymer Handbook, Sealants and Adhesives
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Imitation opal

== Description ==
Any man-made stone designed to resemble the iridescence of a natural opal. The first imitation opal was made by Pierre Gilson in the 1960s and first marketed in 1974. Gilson stone, as well as most other synthetic opals, contain an underlying honeycomb pattern that can be through a microscope. Many synthetics, called opalite, are made from silica. Some have been made or coated with plastics (acrylic, latex spheres, polystyrene). Some imitation opals have also been made by dyeing silicified sandstone or cemented silica spheres together. One good opal imitation, Slocum stone, is made from laminated glass with embedded bits of metal foil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Opalite; Gilson stone; Slocum stone
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal (accessed Oct. 12, 2005)
* Michael O'Donoghue and Louise Joyner, Identification of Gemstones, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2003
Category:Materials database
Imitation parchment

== Description ==
A paper treated and embossed to simulate the appearance and texture of vegetable parchment. Imitation parchment is made from chemical wood pulp that has been hydrated with excess beating. It is then supercalendered to produce a thin, glossy paper that is semitransparent and greaseproof. Imitation parchment no longer bears any resemblance to animal parchment or other types of parchment paper. It is usually used as a wrapping paper for food products.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
greaseproof paper; glassine; artificial parchment
==Resources and Citations==
* D. van der Reyden, C.Hofmann, M.Baker "Effects of Aging and Solvent Treatments on Some Properties of Contemporary Tracing Papers" JAIC 32:177-206, 1993.
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
Category:Materials database
Imitation pearl

== Description ==
An inexpensive, imitation gemstone. Artificial pearls, first made in the 19th century, were constructed by injecting hollow beads of glass with a mixture of aqueous ammonia and fish scales. This deposited a layer of guanine crystals as an iridescent film on the interior surface of the beads. In the 20th century, another process made imitation pearls by coating the exterior of solid glass beads with the fish scale mixture. The nacreous coating was sealed with a protective varnish layer.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
artificial pearl; guanine; perle artificielle (Fr.); imitatie parel (Ned.); pérola artificial (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
Category:Materials database
Immersion objective

== Description ==
A microscope objective that uses a liquid in the space between the objective and the sample instead of air. The liquid, when it has a refractive index greater than 1, provides an increased numerical aperture and thus better resolution.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Immersionsobjektiv (Deut.); objectif à immersion (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
Category:Materials database