nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Mokufuyo (Cotton rose) - bottom left (299 BL) -missing

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_299.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 299
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| bottom left (299 BL) -missing
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木芙蓉 : Mokufuyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Cotton rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Hibiscus mutabilis L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| purple red flower / ?
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan, a dyeing technique with this plant for paper was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokufuyo (Cotton rose) - bottom right (299 BR)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_299.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 299
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| bottom right (299 BR)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| khaki
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木芙蓉 : Mokufuyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Cotton rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Hibiscus mutabilis L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| purple red flower / ?
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan, a dyeing technique with this plant for paper was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokufuyo (Cotton rose) - center (299 C) -missing

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_299.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 299
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (299 C) -missing
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木芙蓉 : Mokufuyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Cotton rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Hibiscus mutabilis L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| purple red flower / ?
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan, a dyeing technique with this plant for paper was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokufuyo (Cotton rose) - top left (299 TL)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_299.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 299
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| top left (299 TL)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| yellow brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木芙蓉 : Mokufuyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Cotton rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Hibiscus mutabilis L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water; iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan, a dyeing technique with this plant for paper was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokufuyo (Cotton rose) - top right (299 TR)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_299.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 299
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| top right (299 TR)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木芙蓉 : Mokufuyo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Cotton rose
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Hibiscus mutabilis L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan, a dyeing technique with this plant for paper was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokukoku (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) - left (87 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-23-2009_087.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 87
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (87 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| もくこく : Mokukoku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Evergreen Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Bedd.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron; ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| There is another plant, called Hamamokukoku () or Sharinbai (), which is similar to Mokukoku, used in the Ryuku islands, Japan. Mokukoku is used around the Izu region in Japan.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokukoku (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) - left (88 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-23-2009_088.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 88
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (88 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale beige pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| もくこく : Mokukoku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Evergreen Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Bedd.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyed color became more red when mordanted with ash water, instead of lime water.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokukoku (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) - right (87 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-23-2009_087.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 87
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (87 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| もくこく : Mokukoku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Evergreen Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Bedd.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| There is another plant, called Hamamokukoku () or Sharinbai (), which is similar to Mokukoku, used in the Ryuku islands, Japan. Mokukoku is used around the Izu region in Japan. This sample was soaked into: 1) dye bath; 2) iron mordant bath; and 3) ash water bath. Mordanting with ash water would make the color more red.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokukoku (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) - right (88 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_04-23-2009_088.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 88
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 1st shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (88 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale beige pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| もくこく : Mokukoku
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Evergreen Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Bedd.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The dyed color became more red when mordanted with ash water, instead of lime water.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokume

== Description ==
A decorative wood grain pattern produced by laminating thin layers of various materials. Mokume has been used in Japan since at least the 17th century to make veneer papers, tsubas (sword guards), and, more recently, to make jewelry. For metals, thin alloy layers with varying compositions are forged together, then sometimes cut or folded then reforged. In the final product, the colors of the layered pattern are enhanced by dipping the piece in an acid etch bath or patinating solution. A patinating solution called rokusho contains copper acetate, copper sulfate, and sodium chloride, is typically used to color precious metal alloys containing gold, silver, and copper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mokume-gane; mokume damascus; rokusho
==Resources and Citations==
* Ian Ferguson, Mokume Gane, Krause Publications, Wisconsin, 2004.
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokume-gane (accessed Dec. 4, 2004)
Category:Materials database
Mokuren (Magnolia) - left (298 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_298.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 298
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (298 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| yellow brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木蓮 : Mokuren
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Magnolia tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Magnolia liliiflora Desr.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water; iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant name is also sometimes spelled as in Chinese characters; however, the ancient color called "" had not been dyed with this plant.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mokuren (Magnolia) - right (298 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_298.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 298
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (298 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale gray (slightly brownish)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 木蓮 : Mokuren
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Magnolia tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Magnolia liliiflora Desr.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant name is also sometimes spelled as in Chinese characters; however, the ancient color called "" had not been dyed with this plant.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Mold (fungus)

== Description ==
Any of several types of fungi that cause a furry growth on the surface of plants and other organic materials. Mold beings as a white downy mass that is called mildew. It has a unicellular body with slender branching threads or hyphae. Mold reproduce by emitting millions of spore into the environment. The most common species are Aspergillus (black, yellow, and orange) and Penicillium (green). Molds can excrete organic acids, such as citric, oxalic, gluconic, etc., that can damage the growth substrate. This can result in discoloration of dyed textiles, paper, and leather. They also produce colored bodies that discolor materials. Mold growth can be inhibited by fungicides or minimized by a clean environment that has sunlight, dry circulating air and relatively low temperatures (Roberts and Etherington, 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mildew; mould (Br.); Schimmel (Deut.); moisissure (Fr.); bolor (Port.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiMOLD.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks ==
* Molds can trigger allergic reactions in some people
== Resources and Citations ==
* ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
* Mary-Lou Florian, Fungal Facts: solving fungal problems in heritage collections, Archetype, London, 2002
* E.McCrady, "Mold: The Whole Picture, Pt.1" The Abbey Newsletter, Vol. 23 (4), 1999. Link 
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Molded glass

== Description ==
A type of glassware prepared by blowing molten glass into a metal mold made from iron or bronze. This method for making glassware was used in America in the early 19th c. as an inexpensive way to produce glassware similar in appearance to the much more expensive cut glass that was imported from Britain and Ireland. Blown molded glass was popular for about twenty years before it was superseded by pressed glass in the mid-19th c.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
blown molded-glass; three-mold glass
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* The inverse of the pattern of three-mold glass can be felt on the inside of the object
* Tiny raised hairline seams where the mold sections were joined and a slight displacement in parts of the pattern may be seen
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Early American molded glass Accessed Set. 2022.
Category:Materials database
Moldmade paper

== Description ==
A machine-made paper that simulates the appearance of handmade paper. Moldmade paper is made with a cylinder mold that was invented in England in 1895. The cylinder mold rotates through a vat of paper pulp. The edges of cut with a jet of water; this simulates the thin deckle edge of handmade paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mold-made paper; mould-made paper (Br.); mold made paper
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Silvie Turner, Which Paper?, Design Press, New York, 1991
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Mole

== Description ==
A small burrowing animal of the family Talpidae found in Eurasia and North America. Moles were once widely trapped for their fur. Their flexible skins have soft, velvety, deep-gray fur with hairs that can be brushed in any direction. The pelts, however, have poor durability.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Russian Desman; Maulwürfe (Deut.); topo (Esp.); talpidé (Fr.); mollen (Ned.); toupeira (Port.); mullvadar (Sven.)
== Additional Images ==
File:mole1large.jpg|Mole
File:molelarge.jpg|Mole
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "mole." Accessed 25 Jan. 2005.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/polarizedlight/pages/molehairsmall.html
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_%28animal%29 (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Molecular sieve

== Description ==
Any microporous material that can selectively chemically or physically absorb molecules. Molecular sieves are used in purification and separation processes. Examples of molecular sieves are crystalline aluminophosphates (also called zeolites), montmorillonite, activated carbon, and silica gel. Synthetic molecular sieves are produced in a range of pore sizes for specific applications 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 angstroms in order to provide selective absorption. Most types of molecular sieves are aggressive desiccants. Molecular sieves are also used in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to to separate molecules by size. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
zeolite; molecular trap
==Applications==
* Molecular separation
* Desiccation of air and liquids
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Molecular sieve Accessed July 2023
Category:Materials database
Moleskin

== Description ==
1) The short, silky, deep-gray fur of a mole. 
2) A sturdy, short-pile fabric made with a stain weave usually made out of cotton. See fustian.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1) mole fur; moleskin (Esp.); molshuid (Ned);
2) fustian
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 846
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Fustian." Accessed 30 July 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Molochite

== Description ==
[English China Clays] A brand name for a pre-fired china clay (Fournier 1996). Molochite is used as a refractory grog in porcelain bodies.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
moloquite (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Co., Radnor, PA, 1996.
Category:Materials database
Molybdate orange

== Description ==
A deep, reddish-orange synthetic pigment. Patented in 1930 by Lederle in Germany, molybdate orange is a solid solution of lead chromate, lead molybdate, and lead sulfate. The toxic pigment has uniform, small, rounded particles and a high refractive index. Molybdate orange has good covering power but moderate lightfastness. It is used industrially in printing inks, paints, and plastic.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
molybdenum orange; Pigment Red 104; CI 77605; anaranjado de molibdeno (Esp.); Molybdatorange (Deut.); orange de molybdate (Fr.); arancio di molibdeno (It.); molybdaatoranje (Ned.); molybdate red; molybdate chrome orange; moly orange; chrome vermilion
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Human carcinogen, teratogen and suspected mutagen. 
* Skin contact may cause irritation and ulcers.
* General Paint: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Small, round, uniform particles. Moderate birefringence.
Composition 	7PbCrO4-PbMoO4-2PbSO4
CAS 	12656-85-8
Refractive Index	2.55
==Resources and Citations==
* M.de Keijzer "A Brief Survey of the Synthetic Inorganic Artists' Pigments Discovered in the 20th Century" ICOM Preprints, Dresden 1990 p. 214-219.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Molybdenum

== Description ==
A silvery-white metallic element. Molybdenum occurs in the earth's crust in concentrations of 1-1.5 ppm. It is obtained from molybdenite and wulfenite ores and also as a by-product of copper production. Molybdenum was first discovered by Carl William Scheele in 1778 and isolated by Peter Hjelm in 1782. Molybdenum is very resistant to corrosion, has high electrical conductivity and can withstand high temperatures. Metallic molybdenum is used in the manufacture of hardened steels, tools, boiler plate, rifle barrels, propeller shafts, x-ray tubes, electrical contacts, filaments, and glass-to-metal seals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mo; Molybdeen (Ned.); molybdène (Fr.); Molybdän (Deut.); molibdeno (It., Esp.); molibdénio (Port.); molybden (Sven.); molybdos (Gr.); molybdenite; wulfenite 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Wulfeniteitaly1.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic. 
* Rembar: SDS solid metal
* MerckMillipore: SDS powder
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Flame color is green-yellow. 
* Insoluble in water, dilute hydrochloric acid and alkalis. 
* Reacts with nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
Composition 	Mo (atomic no. 42)
CAS 	7439-98-7
Mohs Hardness 	5.5
Melting Point 	2622 C
Density 	10.28 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 95.94
Boiling Point 	4639 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Philip Mitchell, p. 108; states discovered by Scheele in 1778
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6317; discovered by Scheele in 1778 and isolated by Hjelm in 1782
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 516
* Web Elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Mo/key.html states discovered by Scheele in 1782
Category:Materials database