nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Turan Erol

__NOTOC__ 
Assoc. Prof. Turan Erol Ph.D. is chairman of the Turkish Capital Markets Board, a position he assumed in 2007. 
== Background ==
*2007 - Capital Markets Board, Chairman / CEO 
*2005 - 2007, Capital Markets Board, Deputy Chairperson 
*2003 - 2005, Capital Markets Board, Board Member 
*1998 - 2003, Baskent University, Department of Economics, Associate Professor 
*1997 - 1998, Baskent University, Department of Economics, Assistant Professor 
*1996 - 1997, Erasmus University, Research Fellow 
*1990 - 1996, Erasmus University, Research Assistant 
*1986 - 1990, Karadeniz Technical University, Research Assistant 
 
Selected Publications:
*Corporate debt and output pricing in developing countries: Industry-level evidence from Turkey, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.76 (2005)
*Strategic Debt with Diverse Maturity in Developing Countries, Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, Vol.40 (2004)
*Capital structure and output pricing in a developing country, Economics Letters, Vol.78 (2003)
*Exchange rate policy and fiscal stability, METU Studies in Development, Vol.25 (1998)
*Nominal anchors of the Turkish economy: Evidence from a VAR model, METU Studies in Development, Vol.24, Issue:3 (1997)
*Exchange rate policy in Turkey: Internal stability and external balance, Tinbergen Institute Research Series, Issue:113 (1996)
*Real exchange rate targeting and inflation in Turkey: An empirical analysis with policy credibility, World Development, Vol.25 (1997)
 
== Education ==
*1989 - Ph.D. in Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam 
*1985 - MSc in Economics, Institute of Social Sciences, Middle East Technical University 
*1979 - BSc (Hons) in Economics, Black Sea Technical University 
 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Turkey
Category:Turkish Capital Markets Board
Turing complete programming language

When "Turing complete" is used as a qualifier for a programming language or system, the term implies that the language works based on a sense of logic that is familiar and easily understandable to most people. 
Ethereum is considered to be a Turing complete programming language, and it is this attribute that enables Ethereum to be attractive for hosting smart contracts. When Vitalik Buterin first announced the Ethereum project on Bitcoin Forum, he claimed, "Ethereum is a modular, stateful, Turing-complete contract scripting system . . ." On the other hand, this attribute of supporting a broader array of functions may cause Ethereum to be less secure or predictable.
In contrast to Ethereum, bitcoin itself is widely considered not to be Turing complete, primarily because it cannot be programmed to use its outputs as inputs to its own functions. In other words there is no looping in bitcoin. Bitcoin's blockchain is limited in the types of contract information that it can record - essentially payment and transfer information.
==References==
Category:Ethereum
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Turkish Capital Markets Board

The Turkish Capital Markets Board (CMB) is the independent government authority that regulates and monitors capital market activities in Turkey. The board is comprised of seven members, two of whom are the chairman and the vice chairman. 
The legal framework of the Turkish capital markets consists of three major legislations, one of which is specifically devoted to this area, the Capital Markets Law, enacted in 1981. The others are the Decree with Force of Law No. 91 concerning the securities exchanges and the Turkish Commercial Code.
The subject of the Capital Markets Law is to regulate and control the secure, transparent and stable functioning of the capital market and to protect the rights and benefits of investors with the purpose of ensuring an efficient and widespread participation by the public in the development of the economy through investing savings in the securities market.
The CMB prepared a bill, or draft law, that aimed to amend the Capital Markets Law to bring it more in line with relevant European Union legislation.
The CMB granted the permission for the establishment of TurkDEX on March 5, 2004 after being convinced that necessary macroeconomic stability throughout the country was achieved. TurkDEX opened on Feb. 4, 2005 as the first private exchange in Turkey.
== History ==
== Key People ==
*Turan Erol Ph.D., Chairman
*Mustafa Korhan, Board Member
*Ilhami Ozturk, Board Member
*Mithat Hizli, Board Member
*Abdulkerim Emek, Board Member
*Vahdettin Ertas, Board Member
*Muhammed Emin Ozer, Board Member
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Securities Regulators
Turnaround Trading (China B-Shares)

Turnaround trading is a trading method designed for China B-shares since B-shares are settled on T+3. In turnaround transactions, B-shares that have been purchased but not been settled and delivered can be fully or partially sold during the period from T+1 to T+3 prior to delivery. But investors can only settle these transactions on the third trading day after selling B-shares through turnaround trading. Investors have to meet the following conditions in order to carry out turnaround trades:
1. An investor can only sell shares after buying (no short-selling).
2. Shares that an investor have bought or sold on different trading days can only be cleared separately.
3. Transactions concluded on different trading days must carry out settlement and delivery on the third trading day after the transaction respectively.
4. Turnaround trading can also be applied to cross trading 
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Stocks
Category:Equities
Turnkey Trading Partners

Turnkey Trading Partners provides hedge funds, CTAs and other trading firms with financial, regulatory, marketing and educational services. The focus of the firm is to provide a spectrum of business services ranging from accounting, regulatory compliance to marketing and education for trading firms. 
== Products and Services ==
Turnkey provides various operational and business services to clients. Among them are:
*Start-up services
*Compliance solutions
*Audit and tax services
*Marketing and PR
== Key People ==
James Bibbings - president and CEO
== References ==
Twitter

Twitter is a U.S.-based microblogging and social networking site. Messages sent out on Twitter, referred to as "Tweets," were at first limited to 140 characters, but in November 2017 Twitter raised the limit to 280 characters. It has offices in the SoMA neighborhood of San Francisco, California.
Twitter started out as a side project in March of 2006, and was a privately funded startup until it went public in November 2013. Twitter has grown into a real-time short messaging service that works over multiple networks and devices.
In April of 2009, MarketsWiki hosted an event about using Twitter in the financial industry. The event was called "Trader's Twitter In The Exchange World." It was held at the Chicago Board of Trade building and featured Allan Schoenberg, director of corporate communications for CME Group; Drew Mauck, executive vice president of Strategics, Inc. (now Vivid Ascent); Jon Najarian, co-founder of OptionMONSTER and Andrew Coffey, a trader with OptionMONSTER. 
Reports surfaced in early May of 2009 that Apple was set to offer $700 million to buy Twitter in a deal that would be announced in June. Digital media blogs, TechCrunch and Valleywag, both claimed to have access to an inside source at Apple who believed the deal was already at the late stages of negotiation, with the hope of completion by June 8, 2009. 
In 2022, Elon Musk became Twitter's biggest shareholder after he bought over 73 million shares (a 9.2% stake) in the company. Shortly thereafter, Musk offered to buy Twitter and take it private for an estimated $43 billion.
==Resources==
*List of professionals on MarketsWiki with Twitter accounts
== References ==
TwoFour

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TwoFour provides technology and consulting for treasury and capital markets. They are headquartered in New York and launched a London office in February 2012.
== History ==
TwoFour was founded in 2002 and its clientele includes large banks, brokerage firms and other financial institutions.
== Products and Services ==
*Treasury Cash Management (TCM)
*FX
*OMS
*Limit Monitoring (LM)
*TwoFour Foundation
*TwoFour Consulting
== Key People ==
*Steve Davis, CEO
*John Feeney, Director, Product Development
*David Kamp, Chief Technology Officer
*John Flowers, Managing Director Boston
*Chris Davis, Co-founder and Managing Director of Sales and Marketing
*Stephen Fry, Managing Director
*Hugh Evans, Chief Financial Officer
*Paul Radding, Director of Client Services
*Dave Clark, Managing Director, EMEA
== References ==
Category:Technology firms
Two Sigma Investments, LP

Two Sigma Investments, LP is a privately held hedge fund with a focus on technology and innovation, machine learning and distributed computing. The founders are John Overdeck, Mark Pickard and David Siegel.
Two Sigma uses algorithms to invest based on patterns and signals detected in markets and company data. As of October 2023, it had $60 billion in assets and around 2,000 employees. 
== History ==
The firm was founded in New York in 2001. 
Two Sigma is an equal opportunity workplace. They claim not to discriminate based upon race, religion, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, age, status as a protected veteran, status as an individual with a disability, or any other applicable legally protected characteristics.
In 2018 Two Sigma took a minority stake in Crux Informatics, a startup focused on making big data easier for customers to use. 
In a March 2023 filing, the firm said it was experiencing “a variety of management and governance challenges,” and that the management committee had “been unable to reach agreement on a number of topics.”
In the fall of 2023, the firm was hit by a trading scandal in which a researcher adjusted the hedge fund’s investing models without authorization, the firm disclosed to clients. This led to losses in certain funds and big gains in others. The Securities and Exchange Commission was examining the issue, the Wall Street Journal reported. 
In August 2024, Two Sigma's founders, Overdeck and Siegel, decided to step down as co-chief executives in an attempt to resolve a clash that had gone on for years. The Wall Street Journal reported that sources at the firm said the disagreements were so intense and distracting that they inhibited decision-making. The strife was so bad Two Sigma felt compelled to disclose it to investors, the Journal said. The company said Scott Hoffman and Carter Lyons would assume the roles of co-chief executive officers, and Overdeck and Siegel would remain as co-chairmen. 
== Products and Services ==
*Two Sigma Ventures
*Two Sigma Private Investments
In May of 2017, Two Sigma announced it was buying the options marketing making business of Timber Hill. The deal was completed in October 2017.
== Key People ==
*David Siegel
*John Overdeck
== References ==
Tyler Moeller

__NOTOC__ 
Tyler Moeller is co-founder and chief executive officer of Broadway Technology, a provider of financial trading solutions for major banks and hedge funds. As CEO, Moeller sets the strategic vision for the company and oversees Broadway's global business operations. He is also a member of the board of directors and leads the executive team. 
== Background ==
Before founding Broadway, Moeller was a founding partner of KATS, LLC, a proprietary high-frequency automated trading group associated with Ronin Capital, where he traded U.S. Treasury cash and futures and collaborated with Broadway co-founder Joshua Walsky to develop early versions of Broadway's software platform. Before KATS, Moeller was director of development and acting CTO at carOrder.com, a startup that raised $125m in investments. carOrder.com was a spin-off of Trilogy, an enterprise software company whose customers included Sun Microsystems, Ford Motors and other Fortune 100 companies. 
Moeller started his career at Trilogy before moving to carOrder.com where he led the development of the company's sales management systems and its retail automotive website. Additionally, Moeller designed FPGA-based signal processing systems at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and developed software at the U.S. Army’s Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory. Moeller holds multiple patents in distributed computing and trading technology.
== MarketsWiki Questions: Exploring Financial Technology ==
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Moeller participated in the MarketsWiki Questions: Exploring Financial Technology interactive video series. See his responses to the following questions:
*Q7: What, in terms of technology, is missing in the financial markets? (September 28, 2011)
== Education ==
Moeller earned a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and electrical engineering from MIT in 1998 and received a master's degree in computer science and electrical engineering from MIT in 1999.
== References ==
Typhon Capital Management

Typhon Capital Management is a Miami-based multi-strategy hedge fund and commodity trading advisor (CTA) founded in 2008 by James L. Koutoulas. The firm specializes in tactical trading strategies designed to be uncorrelated to traditional markets under most conditions and to have strong negative correlation during periods of market stress.
==History==
Typhon Capital Management was established in 2008 by James L. Koutoulas with the aim of providing investors access to emerging managers supported by institutional infrastructure. The firm was formerly based in Chicago. 
In July 2014, the firm merged with Trevinci Capital Partners is a CTA affiliate of Silveus Insurance Group, America’s largest crop insurance broker. Under the terms of the deal, Trevinci took a minority stake in Typhon. Also, one of Trevinci's programs, the Trevinci Liquid Ag Strategy, trades exclusively for Typhon clients.
Typhon also owns Typhon Access, operator of Hydra, a CFTC-registered platform that allows qualified investors access to managed strategies within a pooled vehicle. In the words of Koutoulas, Hydra is "AlphaMetrix without the fraud." 
== Products and Services ==
Typhon offers a range of investment products and services:
* Multi-strategy hedge fund
* Multi-strategy swap
* Individual manager access through managed accounts
* Custom portfolios on US and Cayman fund platforms
* Exchange-traded note wrappers for non-US investors
The firm's strategies cover various areas including global macro, hedged equity long-short, cross-exchange arbitrage, commodity roll arbitrage, relative value, market structure arbitrage, and both medium and low-frequency quantitative approaches.
== Key People ==
*James L. Koutoulas is the founder and CEO of Typhon Capital Management. He is also the President and Co-Founder of the Commodity Customer Coalition, where he represented over 10,000 customers pro bono and helped force the full return of $6.7 billion in customer assets. Koutoulas served on the Board of Directors of the National Futures Association for three years.
*David Klusendorf serves as the Chief Investment Officer and a principal of Typhon Capital Management, which he joined in March 2015. With over 25 years of trading experience, Klusendorf was previously the President of Klusendorf Trading from 1991 until 2015, specializing in Eurodollar and interest rate products at the CME and CBOT. 
==Registration Information==
*Typhon Capital Management - NFA ID 0398233
*Typhon Access - NFA ID 0471829
*Typhon Holdings, Inc. - NFA ID 0400785	
*James Koutoulas - NFA ID 0400671
== References ==
Category:Hedge Funds
Category:Commodity Trading Advisors
Category:Asset Management Firms
Category:Companies Founded in 2008
Category:Miami Beach, Florida
Tyson Slocum

__NOTOC__ 
Tyson Theron Slocum is director of Public Citizen's Energy Program. He has been with the organization since 2000 and promotes decentralized, sustainable energy. 
Slocum works to highlight the financial costs and safety and security risks associated with nuclear power. He also covers the regulation of electricity, natural gas and petroleum markets, including commodity futures and FERC-jurisdictional matters, to promote stronger transparency measures. 
He covers federal legislative efforts to address climate change, particularly the impact such programs will have on the ability of moderate- and low-income households to afford access to sustainable energy. He has expertise on federal subsidies for the energy sector, and promotes refocusing such incentives away from the nuclear, oil and coal industries towards efficiency, renewable energy and mass transit. He has written numerous reports on these subjects and presented his findings in testimony before the U.S. Congress. 
Slocum was appointed to serve on the CFTC Energy Markets Advisory Committee, created in 2009. 
== Background ==
Prior to Public Citizen, Slocum was a policy analyst at the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. 
== Education ==
Slocum received his B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin and grew up in Newport, Rhode Island.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:CFTC Energy and Environmental Markets Advisory Committee Member
U.K. Digital Markets Unit

The U.K.'s Digital Markets Unit was launched in April of 2021 as a new regulatory body aimed at policing allegations of anticompetitive behavior among the world’s largest technology companies. The unit will be tasked with making sure technology behemoths like Facebook Inc. and Google don’t exploit their market dominance to crowd out competition. The unit was unveiled in November 2020 but launched officially—with limited powers at first—on April 6, 2021.
The unit is part of the Competition and Markets Authority, or CMA, the country’s main antitrust regulator. It will oversee plans to give consumers more choice and control over their data, promote online competition and crack down on unfair practices.
Its first task is to look at how codes of conduct could work to govern the relationship between digital platforms and third parties such as small businesses, which rely on them to advertise or use their services to reach customers. It won’t be able to levy fines until Parliament approves legislation governing its oversight power, which is expected by 2022. 
== History ==
In November 2020 the U.K. government announced a new unit would be set up to enforce a new pro-competition regime to oversee platforms with considerable market power. The new unit launched on April 6, 2021 in ‘shadow’ non statutory form ahead of legislation granting its full powers.
== Key People ==
*Will Hayter, Head
== References ==
U.S. Bankruptcy Court

U.S. Bankruptcy Court is the specialized Federal court in which bankruptcy matters under the Federal Bankruptcy Act are conducted.
There are 94 federal judicial districts in the United States that handle bankruptcy matters. In almost all districts, bankruptcy cases are filed in the bankruptcy court. The vast majority of cases are filed under the three main chapters of the Bankruptcy Code, which are Chapter 7, Chapter 11, and Chapter 13.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Bankruptcy
Category:U.S. Courts
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

The U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact-finding agency for the Federal Government in the field of labor economics and statistics.
It's an independent national statistical agency that collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates essential statistical data to the American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, business, and labor. The BLS also serves as a statistical resource to the Department of Labor.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the source of the Employment Cost Index, for example. The data are seen as the most comprehensive measure of labor costs and their growth rate. As such, it signals wage inflation and is closely watched by the Federal Reserve.
== History ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:U.S. Government Agencies
U.S. Climate Action Partnership

United States Climate Action Partnership (USCAP) is a group of businesses and environmental organizations that have come together to call on the federal government to quickly enact national legislation requiring significant reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. USCAP has issued a set of principles and recommendations for a policy framework on climate change. 
It has released a report, the result of a year-long collaboration, titled "A Call for Action," which lays out a blueprint for a mandatory economy-wide, market-driven approach to climate protection. The report is available on the partnership's web site at www.us-cap.org/about/report.asp
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
New members of the alliance include American International Group, Inc. (AIG), Boston Scientific Corporation, Chrysler LLC, ConocoPhillips, Deere & Company, The Dow Chemical Company, Exelon Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corp., Johnson & Johnson, Marsh, Inc., The Nature Conservancy, NRG Energy, Inc., PepsiCo, Rio Tinto, Shell, Siemens Corporation and Xerox Corporation.
Founding members of USCAP include a number of major corporations: Alcoa, BP America Inc., Caterpillar Inc., Duke Energy, DuPont, FPL Group, Inc., General Electric, PG&E Corporation and PNM Resources — and four non-governmental organizations: Environmental Defense, Natural Resources Defense Council, Pew Center on Global Climate Change and World Resources Institute.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Industry Organizations
U.S. Commodity Exchange Act

The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) is a federal act passed in 1936 that provided for U.S. government regulation of futures trading. This act replaced the Grain Futures Act of 1922. The act requires that all futures and options contracts to be traded on organized exchanges. Though there was a long gap between the Act's passage and the establishment of an independent federal agency with real teeth -- the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) -- it nonetheless did establish important guidelines for the industry. Prior to the establishment of the CFTC in 1974, the U.S. Department of Agricultural's Commodity Exchange Authority (also CEA) was the overseeing agency for futures. The CFTC's oversight replaced the regulatory authority of the CEA.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Legislation
U.S. Department of Agriculture

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a department of the Executive branch of the U.S. government. Its purpose is to develop and execute policy on farming, agriculture and food. The USDA dates back to 1862 and the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln and aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers; promote agricultural trade and production; work to assure meat, produce and egg safety; protect natural resources; foster rural communities; and end hunger.
Charles F. Conner was sworn in as Deputy Secretary of Agriculture on May 2, 2005, by Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns.
Crop and livestock data provided by the USDA are closely watched for price cues for the commodity futures markets.
Prior to establishment of futures regulator Commodity Futures Trading Commission in 1974, the Department of Agriculture, through the Commodity Exchange Authority (CEA), regulated all U.S. futures markets, both agricultural and non-agricultural.
==References==
Category:U.S. Government Departments