nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Command Stations List

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Common Return

Common Return (or Common Rail) is a method of wiring used in single or multi-cab analog layouts. It saves wiring by by requiring that one rail is electrically connected throughout the entire layout to a common ground. Then only the other rail is ever used to isolate block sections or switch between cabs. For isolation purposes, this requires only one SPST switch on the control panel and one additional wire for each section. 
The term is not used in DCC layouts because for small layouts with one booster both rails are common, not just the return. In larger layouts with multiple boosters or power districts, there is no common rail, all power districts must be fully isolated with gaps in both rails.
When multiple cabs are used, each cab must have idependent transformer windings. Products with multiple cabs in one, such as the MRC280 Dual Throttle Controller allow common return wiring.
NMRA Data Sheet D7m does not recommend using a common return with command control systems. Use with block occupancy systems is not recommended either, for reliability and easier implementation. 
==Common Return Between Booster Districts==
If the layout uses more than one booster, all the boosters should be connected together with a heavy wire on their ground or common terminal. This will establish a common reference between all components, as well as a current return path between booster districts. This will allow the autoreverse function to work faster as well.
===Booster District===
Same as a power district, except the district is supplied by a booster instead of a power management device. If you have only one booster, your entire layout would be considered one booster district.
The direct current equivalent would be each block having its own low current power supply instead of one large, high capacity power supply for the entire layout.
== See Also ==
No Common Rail Wiring
Grounds
Category:Electrical
Category:Wiring
Computer Interface

Depending on the software used, and the interface strategy, a Computer Interface may allow:
* A more friendly user-experience when programming multifunction and Accessory decoders
* Roster management of entire locomotive fleets.
* Development and operation of virtual dispatcher panels.
* Interactive layout control.
* Automated layout control.
* Throttle Apps
==See Also==
* Computer Interface List
* Connecting your computer to DCC
Category:DCC
Category:Computers and DCC
Consist Address

The unique address by which a consist can be accessed. The Consist Addresses occupy the same address space as the Primary Address. It is possible for conflicts to arise between multifunction decoders assigned primary addresses and consist addresses. Most DCC systems are configured to assign consist addresses starting with 127 and decrement that value as required. Their software should prevent conflicts.
</I> The is a proposed change to the Consist Address, where CV20 will be used to allow additional addresses. See Configuration Variable/Proposed CV Changes for proposed changes.
This address is stored in CV19. When the consist is broken up the command station will send instructions to clear this CV.
NCE systems will display the address suggested by the command station if an Advanced Consist is selected when creating a consist. This address can be accepted, or a preferred address entered via the keypad. PH-Pro manual, 2007, page 36.
 
Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)	Consist Address (CV19)
A7 	A6 	A5 	A4 	A3 	A2 	A1 	A0
D 	Consist Address 	Consist Address 	Consist Address 	Consist Address 	Consist Address 	Consist Address 	Consist Address
If A7 is a "1" the locomotive will operate in reverse.
See MU consisting for more details on consisting.
Continuous Load

Continuous Load is a rating indicating the maximum load (in Amperes) a multifunction decoder can supply under normal circumstances.
A multifunction decoder's basic specifications may look like this
* Maximum continuous load (amps): 1.1A 
* Peak amps: 1.6A 
* Number of functions: 4 
* Function load (amps): 0.8 
The continuous load rating is 1.1A, the peak is 1.6A. The decoder can deliver 1.6A for a brief period of time, but no more than 1.1A under normal conditions. Excessive current will result in excessive heat, shortening the life of the decoder. The motor will be the largest contributor to the load on the decoder. A decoder with these ratings may be suitable for installation in an HO scale vehicle, but not in an O scale application.
A multifunction decoder should be selected so its continuous load is below the maximum rating.
For more information see Ohm's Law.
Category: Multifunction Decoder Features
Category: Multifunction Decoder
Category: Electronics
Create New Term

== Create basic term ==
Use the following form to search for a term. After searching, you can choose to edit an existing on or modify the search to create a new term.
== Use existing page to create a term ==
Typically, it's best to use an existing page to create a definition. This prevents duplicate pages. Here's the steps to complete this:
# Find the page you wish you convert to a term.
# Check if the template article exists the at the top. If if does, simply add the following variables:
#* description=A description here
#* termcategory=General
=== Example ===
Lets use the Booster page as an example. At the top, there's a template defined that looks something like this:
{{article
|image=TSU-Diesel.jpg
|seotitle = DCC Decoders
|seodescription=Decoders receive commands from throttles, or other devices, and are responsible for controlling the motor and/or performing certain functions around a layout.
|description=Decoders receive commands from [[throttles]] or other devices and are responsible for controlling the vehicles and/or performing certain functions around a layout.
|keywords=decoder, accessory decoder, mobile decoder, multifunction decoder
|termdescription=Decoders receive commands from throttles or other devices and are responsible for controlling the vehicles and/or performing certain functions around a layout.
|termcategory=DCC Primary
}}
You simply can add this template or update it to ensure the following two fields are included:
; termdescription or description
: If termdescription is defined, then this will be used for the term definition. Otherwise, 'description' will be used as the fallback value.
; termcategory
: This variable triggers the system to mark this page as a term definition. The following values are allowed:
Current Loop

== The Current Loop ==
The intention of this page is to explain the current loop, and what it is used for.
As stated in NMRA RP 9.3.1 page 1 line 29, this technique should be used to transmit bits from multifunction decoder to the receiving gadget.
During this process the booster will be disconnected from the track, while the detector and multifunction decoder are connected in series to form a loop. The multifunction decoder must be designed and built with this feature in mind. The booster must include the RailCom Cut Out Circuit for this feature to work.
=== Multifunction Decoder Communication via a Current Loop ===
The NMRA DCC Standard calls for data from the layout to be transmitted via a current loop. The multifunction decoder will modulate the track current in a specified manner which the command station or other devices can interpret. Current loops are very common in the digital world, so the parts needed to implement this technique are readily available. Tests have confirmed that error free transmission was possible at distances up to 100m. 
The multifunction decoder uses its power supply, which supplies the correct voltages to the multifunction decoder circuits and motor control system, to feed the current loop. The multifunction decoder uses stored energy to provide the current source.
To transmit a Zero bit, the multifunction decoder must source 30mA of current for 4 microseconds. For a value of One, the multifunction decoder must not sink or source a current greater than 100 µA. Track voltage ranges from zero to 2.2V. The minimum current required for a "zero" value is 10mA, any current below 6mA is considered to be a value of "1".
==== Cut Out ====
During this process a device called a cutout disconnects the DCC power source (boosters) to the track, so the detector can read the data being sent by the multifunction decoder. The cutout will reconnect the booster should a DCC signal from another source appear on the track. The cutout also shorts the rails together to complete the loop. The cutout may be incorporated into the booster.
A DCC packet will initiate the process. Once the track power is disconnected, the multifunction decoder will transmit the data, and when that process is completed, track power will be reconnected. The entire data transmission will occur in less than half a second. A total of eight bytes of data can be transferred during the cutout session. The data is encoded using a 4/8 code to minimize errors. Each byte must contain four logical 1 states and four logical zero states. If not, the byte is considered to be incorrect.
RailCom addressing also allows the system to identify stationary and multifunction decoder addresses. 
== Standalone Cutout Device for RailCom ==
== RailCom ==
For additional detail consult the RailCom page.
== Further Reading == 
* RailCom
* Transponding
* Current Loop on Wikipedia
Category:DCC
Category:Tutorials
Category:DCC_Tutorial
Category:Electronics
Category:Multifunction Decoder
Category:Pages_having_videos
Category:Transponding
D408SR

==Highlights==
* Silent Running TM High frequency motor drive eliminates motor hum or buzz
* Torque Compensation for ultra smooth low speed performance
* Programmable Start, Mid and Maximum speed works for all speed modes
* Motor rating 4 Amp continuous, 10 Amp peak (stall)
* 9 function outputs - two rated at ½ Amp.
* Select from 15 different lighting effects (Mars, strobes, beacons, flicker, etc)
* Function outputs can be mapped to different functions (highly compatible
with SoundtraxxTM DSX decoders)
* Uploadable speed table interpolated to 128 speed steps
* 28 and 128 Speed mode operation (always works internally at 256 steps)
* Decoder assisted consisting
* Supports all forms of DCC programming
* Decoder programming ‘lock’ mechanism
DA-SR

== DA-SR ==
Designed to fit the following locomotives
* Atlas 
** GP38 GP40
** RS1/2/3
** C424/5
** GP7, 
** RSD4/5/12, 
** C30-7, 
** U23B
** U33/36C
* Athearn "Genesis" series locomotives; 
** F7
** F3
** SD70
** SD75
** SD80
** etc...
* Kato 
** GP35 
** SD40 
** C44-9W 
** Stewart AS16 
** F3A
** F3B 
** F7A 
** F7B 
** F9A 
** F9B 
** U25B
=== Features ===
* Supports Extended Packet Format.
* Silent Running motor drive
* Improved DC operation
* Torque Compensation (dither) 
* Programmable VStart, VMid and VHigh speed for all speed modes
* All five function outputs have lighting effects generators
** Fifteen different lighting effects (Mars, strobes, beacon, flicker, etc.)
** Lighting outputs can be remapped to different functions
* User Uploadable speed table interpolated to 128 speed steps
* Advanced Consisting
* Support for all methods of DCC programming
* Decoder Programming Lock
* Brake on DC
DB100

==Features ==
* Multi Featured Command Control system when used with CT4
* 4.5 amp Multi-Scale booster
* Intelligent Auto-Reverse
* Accepts AC or DC input
* Over Voltage Protected
* Auto-Resetting Over Temperature protection
* Auto-Resetting Over Current protection
* LocoNet
* Auto-Shutdown on loss of command control drive signal
* Dual colour LED indicates and diagnoses signals sent to track
* Track OFF switch allows suspension of track power while input power is still coming in to the booster.
DB150

==Description==
In addition to being a command station/booster, the DB150 features a full power broadcast mode program track output. The DB150 also has overheat, over-voltage & short circuit protection. Power selectable output for N, HO, and large-scale layouts.
Unlike the DCS100, the DB150 does not use a coin cell to maintain its settings.
Track Status indicator shows signal type (DCC or Zero Stretched Analog Signal.)
DB210

==Description==
The DB210 (and the nearly identical DB210-Opto boosters) are add-on components for existing Digitrax managed layouts. This booster provides up to 8 amps of current. With a flip of a switch, the booster can be set for 3, 5, or 8 amp output. (Requires an appropriate power supply)
This booster does not include a power supply. It accepts a DC voltage range between 13.8 to 24v. 
The primary difference between the DB210 and DB210 Opto is the opto-isolation capabilities for common rail wiring, however, for DCC, it's recommended to not use common rail wiring.
In addition to the DB210, a DC power supply is required. The DB210 can accept DC input from 13.8v to 24v, with currents of 3, 5, or 8 amps, depending on what has been selected as the output current capability. Although the manufacturer recommends the use of their power supplies, any stable high-quality DC power supply will work fine.
For more capacity, also consider the DB220.
 Note: This is a booster, and requires a command station to operate.
DB220

==Decription==
The DB220 boosters are add-on components for existing Digitrax layouts. This booster features 2 channels with up to 8 amps of current each, for a total of 16 amps. With a flip of a switch, the booster can be set for 3-, 5-, or 8-amp output. The primary difference between the DB220 and DB210 Opto is the opto-isolation capabilities for common rail wiring, however, for DCC, it's recommended to not use common rail wiring.
In addition to the DB220, a DC power supply is required. The DB220 can accept DC input from 13.8v to 24V, at 6, 10, or 16 amps, depending on the selected output current capability. Although the manufacturer recommends the use of their power supplies, any stable high-quality DC power supply will work fine.
DCC-AEGIS

The Aegis upgrade provides more power, walkaround capabilities, and a programming track output.
It has a release date of early 2024
== Features ==
* Go wireless with your Power Cab 
** True freedom to move anywhere around the layout, whilst still retaining the Power Cab handset
** Run more trains with more sounds and more lights with a massive power boost courtesy of the included 5A power supply!
* Choose track voltage 
** 14V/15V/17V/18V DCC output
* Separate programming track output
** Use the Power Cab on a programming track without additional switches or changing cabling
* Overload protection
** Indicators warn when current is approaching the limit, and when the overcurrent protect has tripped.
* Can be mounted on the fascia (It does not include an enclosure, one is available.)
=== Notes ===
Entering programming mode shuts down the main track outputs.
===Reviews===
These are external sites.
* DCCconcepts Aegis upgrade for NCE PowerCab
DCC-EX Team and Products

== Description ==
DCC-EX is a team of dedicated enthusiasts producing open source DCC solutions for you to run your complete model railroad layout. Our easy to use, ready-to-run or do-it-yourself, and free and/or open source products run on off-the-shelf microcontroller technology and are supported by numerous third party hardware and apps like JMRI, Engine Driver, WiThrottle, Rocrail and many more.
EX-CommandStation is the flagship product from DCC-EX, a team created early in 2020 to address the need for an easy-to-use, ready-to-run or easy to assemble, and inexpensive command station for model railroads. Inspired by the original DCC++, the work of Gregg E. Berman in 2014, DCC-EX took the base concept and set of commands, completely re-wrote the software from the ground up, and added many new features and enhancements. EX-CommandStation from the DCC-EX Team is an easy and affordable ready-to-run or do-it-yourself DCC Command Station with related products for running an entire model railroad layout from locomotives to accessories. 
DCC-EX 'software' is free and open source and runs on low cost and easily available hardware. DCC-EX optional custom 'hardware' products are open source.
== Products ==
Currently, the project has the following products:
* EX-CommandStation: Full-featured command station with WiThrottle support, turnout and accessory control, and general-purpose I/O, as well as tight integration with JMRI and Engine Driver. A wide variety of CABS/Throttles in addition to JMRI and Engine Driver are supported.
* EX-Installer: This handles downloading and installing EX-CommandStation software onto your hardware (Arduino).
* EXRAIL: The built-in scripting language for automating your model railroad.
* EX-WebThrottle: Web based throttle for EX-CommandStation.
* EX-Turntable: A separate stepper based turntable controller.
* EX-IOExpander: Use additional microcontrollers to expand I/O port capability.
* EX-DCCInspector: A small, inexpensive (under $15), DIY DCC Sniffer to provide complete diagnostics of exactly what data is being sent to the track.
* EX-FastClock: A FastClock to enable time based events.
== See Also ==
* DCC++
== External Links ==
* Official DCC-EX Website
* Support
DCC-EX Team and Products/EX-CommandStation

== Description ==
An EX‑CommandStation is a simple, but powerful, DCC Command Station that you can purchase ready-to-run, or assemble yourself using widely available microprocessor boards. It supports much of the NMRA Digital Command Control (DCC) standards.
=== Features ===
* Simultaneous control of multiple locomotives and their functions
* Control of accessory/function decoders
* Programming Track (Service Mode Programming)
* Programming on Main
It includes advanced features such as:
* A WiThrottle Server implementation,
* JMRI integration
* Roster
* Defined Turnouts/Points 
* Defined Routes
* A scripting language (EXRAIL) for automations
* Optional control of DC locos using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
* General purpose inputs and outputs (I/O) for extensibility (e.g. servo motors and signals) which can be controlled as turnouts/points or for automations
== Details ==
=== NMRA and RCN-212 Support ===
EX-CommandStation supports the NMRA DCC Standard, including:
*Primary and Extended addresses
*control of multiple locomotives simultaneously
*128 speed steps
* Accessory addresses 1-2048
*28 plus extended ECN Functions (up to 69)
*Operations or Service Mode programming
===Additional Features===
*Diagnostics: Complete Diagnostics and Logging to quickly solve issues
*Advanced CV Programming': Custom support for problem decoders
*Displays: LCD or OLED Display capability
*Built-In GPIO: Input and Output ports to connect lighting, accessories, switches, turnouts, sensors, etc. directly to the Command Station without the need for other hardware
*EXRAIL Automation: A simple scripting system for fully automating a layout or having signals, turnouts, lighting, respond to a locomotive or vice versa.
* LCN: Support for the wireless "Layout Control Node" Accessory Bus System using inexpensive RF Nanos to control everything on the layout
*HAL: A hardware Abstraction Layer that directly supports inexpensive, standard I2C servo control boards and GPIO Expander boards (for more sensors and output controls). Add support for other hardware drivers easily
*User Function Overrides: Aka "Filters". Intercept and redirect any command and send it to your own function. Example: Send accessory commands to your own accessory bus
*JOIN: Use the service track as an extension of the MAIN track when not programming to not waste track
*PoM: Programming on Main. Any command can be sent to the Main track if needed
*DriveAway: Place a locomotive on the service track, program it, then drive it off onto the main track
*TrackManager: Allows the districts to be set for DCC PROG, DCC MAIN, DC, DCC Auto reverser.
== See Also ==
* DCC-EX Overview
== External Links ==
* DCC-EX Project.
* Support
* EX-CommandStation github repository
DCC-EX Team and Products/EX-Installer

EX-Installer handles downloading and installing EX-CommandStation software onto your hardware (Arduino).
== Requirements (for installing) ==
* a Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS or Linux based computer
* EX‑CommandStation hardware, comprising of:
** an Arduino microprocessor, based on any of:
*** Arduino Mega, Arduino Uno or Nano
*** Expressif ESP32
*** STMicroelectronicsm Nucleo/STM32
** a motor shield
** optionally, a WiFi shield or ethernet shield
** optionally, an LCD or oLED display
* a USB cable to connect your computer to the Microcontroller
=== See Also ===
* EX-CommandStation
=== External Links ===
* Using EX-Installer
DCC-SPL

== Description ==
The Super Panel is similar in concept to NCE's Mini Panel, with more powerful features & usability. It is designed to be used as a fully digital DCC model railway control panel, with the panel or panels being mobile and plugged in various locations around the layout.
Super Panel can be used for complex route setting, point/turnout indication, and many automation tasks on the layout. For example, a small display layout at an exhibition can be programmed to run a set of actions, meaning the layout can operate whilst the operator is away.
===Features ===
* 47 physical switch inputs, plus a further 3 phantom inputs not associated to any physical connection.
** Any of the 47 inputs can be connected to push buttons, toggle switches and/or relays. This also includes devices such as the DCCconcepts LM-iD Block Detector, and any other device that provides a 5V logic output.
* Specifically designed to operate with toggle switches and relays that remain closed.
* All 47 inputs can be programmed with up to 20 command steps. Allows control of a turnout using one toggle switch connected to one input. This means the Super Panel can control 47 turnouts, including crossover where pairs of turnouts are controlled as one unit.
* The 20 command step allows complex ladder routing, using push buttons, and point indication to which route has been chosen.
* Assign some of the inputs to be outputs, hence LEDs can be driven directly from the panel.
* Includes a user controlled ‘start of day’ setup where all turnouts or accessories align with the control panel switches when power is applied to the layout.
DCC80

== Description ==
The DCC80 Autofrog is a simple switch that automatically changes the frog phase on your DCC layout. Wiring is simple.
Typical set up where the frog is isolated by gaps. With the frog powered by the DCC80, it can detect a phase conflict, switching the frog's phase to match.
=== Features ===
* Three solder connections
** Two connections to the power bus (Rails)
** One connection for the turnout frog (Frog)
* Automatically manages phase, preventing short circuits
Available in single or three packs.