nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Cocobolo

== Description ==
A hard, durable wood obtained from several South American trees of the genus Dalbergia, especially Dalbergia retusa. Cocobolo wood has a medium fine texture and is usually a reddish brown color with dark wavy figuring. It is dense and difficult to cut or carve. The wood is primarily used for making knife handles and small carved items. Cocobolo wood is naturally resistant to decay, but only small quantities of the wood are used each year.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dalbergia retusa; bois de rose du Honduras (Fr.); cocobola
== Risks ==
* Contact or inhalation may cause irritation and allergies.
* Colors are lighter when freshly sanded/cut, and darken with age
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Density = 50-60 ppcf
* Heartwood = Ranges from yellow, orange, red, and shades of brown with streaks of black or purple
* Sapwood = typically a very pale yellow. 
* Grain/Texture = straight to interlocked, with a fine, even texture. 
* Luster = good
* Durability : Very good; resistant to insect attack; natural oils are reported to give it good resistance to degrade from wet/dry cycles.
==Working Properties== 
High oil content in this wood can occasionally cause problems with gluing. Also, the wood’s color can bleed into surrounding wood when applying a finish, so care must be taken on the initial seal coats not to smear the wood’s color/oils into surrounding areas. Tearout can occur during planing if interlocked grain is present. The wood also has a moderate blunting effect on cutting edges/tools due to its high density. Cocobolo has excellent turning properties.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Cocobolo
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: cocobola
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 210
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Coconut

== Description ==
The hard ovoid shaped fruit of the coconut palm tree (Cocos nucifera) native to the tropics. Coconuts have a fibrous outer husk (see coir) and a woody inner shell which contains the coconut meat (copra) and juice (white liquid). Coconut shells range in diameter from 8 to 14 inches.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
coconut palm tree (Cocos nucifera); coconut shells; kokos (Dan.); Kokosnuss (Deut.); Kokosnusspalme (Deut.); cocotero (Esp.); coco (Esp., Fr., Port.); cocotier (Fr.); coqueiro (Port.); kokospalme (Ned.); kokosnoot (Ned.); Palma kokosowa (Pol.); kokosnöt (Sven.); kokospalm (Sven.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Tree height = up to 30 m 
* Bark = light gray brown with rings 
* Palm leaves = 4-6 m
== Additional Images ==
File:Coconutf5.jpg|Coconut palm Cocos nucifera
File:image10_coconut.jpg|Coconut cut in half
File:1991.1074-SC153132.jpg|thumb|Mask with coconut fiberMFA# 1991.1074
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: coconut palm" [Accessed September 22, 2003].
* Virginia Tech Dencrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut (Accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Coconut oil

== Description ==
A colorless, nondrying oil or white, semisolid fat extracted from the dried meat of the coconut fruit (copra) obtained from the tropical palm Cocus nucifera. Coconut oil contains the glycerides of lauric (45.4%), capric (8.4%), myristic (18.0%), palmitic (10.5%), stearic (2.3%), and oleic (7.5%) acids. It is used commercially to make candy, cosmetics, soaps, emulsions, and leather cleaners. Coconut oil has also been used in gold tooling to adhere gold leaf prior to impressing a heated tool or die (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Coconut Oil, Gettens 100.C03.TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cocus nucifera; aceite de coco (Esp.); olio di cocco (It)
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Saponification value = 255-258. 
* Iodine value = 8-9.5. 
* Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide. Insoluble in water.
CAS 	8001-31-8
Melting Point 	21-25 C
Density 	0.92 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.4485-1.4495
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 210
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2523
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "coconut palm" [Accessed September 22, 2003].
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting pt.=25.1C, density=0.924, ref. index=1.4463, iodine value = 10.4, saponification value=268
Category:Materials database
Cocuswood

== Description ==
A dense, black ebony-like wood obtained from the Brya ebenus trees native to Central America and the Caribbean islands. Cocuswood is a slow-growing tree that has brittle, black heartwood with a fine uniform texture. It is used for inlays, brush backs, parquet, and musical instruments (especially flutes, clarinets, oboes and bagpipes).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Brya ebenus; Cocus wood; cocoswood; cocswood; Jamaica ebony; Jamaica rain tree; West Indian ebony; green ebony; espino de sabana, granadillo,
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Can grow to 20-30 feet with long drooping branches
* Leaves are small and waxy. They are compound but often appear simple.
* Fruits have bright yellow flowers
* Density = 75 ppcf
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Cocuswood
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brya_ebenus (accessed October 2020)
Category:Materials database
Cod liver oil

== Description ==
A pale yellow, nondrying oil expressed from the fresh livers of cod fish (Gadus morhua). Cod liver oil primarily contains unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic [20%], oleic and linoleic [29% combined]) with smaller amounts of saturated fatty acids (myristic [7.3%], palmitic [8.4%], and stearic [0.6]) and some cholesterol. It is a dietary source of vitamins A and D and was used medicinally in the 18th and 19th centuries for the treatment of rickets. Cod liver oil is a primary agent in the tanning of chamois leather. It is also mixed with zinc oxide and sold in commercial protective creams (Desitin, etc.)
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Gadus morhua; aceite de hígado de bacalao (Esp.); olio di fegato di merluzzo (It); cod-liver oil; cod oil; morrhua oil 
Examples include: Gaduol; Tunol
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
* Humco: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, carbon disulfide. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Saponification value 180-190. Iodine value 145-180.
CAS 	8001-69-2
Density 	0.918-0.927 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.4705-1.4745
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2530
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "cod-liver oil." Accessed 17 May 2005.
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Coefficient of thermal expansion

== Description ==
A measurement of a materials change in size as it is heated or cooled. The coefficient of expansion is calculated as a ratio in which a materials change in length, area or volume is divided by the corresponding change in temperature. Both numbers for the size change and the temperature change can correspond either to an increase or decrease in value. For ceramics, the coefficient of expansion of a clay must correspond to the coefficient of expansion for the glaze or crazing will occur.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient (Deut.); coefficient de dilatation thermique (Fr.); expansivity; coefficient of expansion
Category:Materials database
Coffee

== Description ==
A brown, aromatic liquid prepared from the aqueous extract of coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Coffee beans were first cultivated in southern Arabia in the 15th century. They spread to Indonesia in the 17th century. By the 18th century, coffee plants were also being grown in Central and South America. Coffee is used as a beverage and as a brown dye. On wool, it produces a dark yellow-tan color with a chrome mordant and a tan with an aluminum mordant. Both colors have fair light fastness. Coffee colors on cotton are not fast. Some restorers have used coffee to tint bleached papers or repair regions to a shade that corresponds to surrounding areas (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
* See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Coffee)]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Coffea arabica; caffè (It.); café (Fr., Port.); coffee beans
== Additional Images ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Coffee (Black, Green Mountain French Roast ).TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X.jpg|Coffee
File:24_finegroundCoffee_200X_pol.jpg|Coffee
File:Arabian.Coffee.tree_HI.BG.jpg|Arabian coffee tree Coffea arabica cultivars
File:Uemura 06-18-2009 158.jpg|Wool dyed with coffeeUemera Dye Archive
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 211
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "coffee" [Accessed September 22, 2003].
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Coffee - left (158 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_158.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 158
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (158 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| wool
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| gray
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| コーヒー : Coffee
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Coffee
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| beans (ground?) / dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Coffeewood

== Description ==
A hard, dense brownish wood obtained from the Caesalpinia granadilla trees native to South America.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
South American grenadilla; brown ebony; Caesalpinia granadilla
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Coil yarn

== Description ==
A textured yarn that has been processed to form a series of spirals or concentric rings. Coil yarn can be a torque yarn when twists are included in the coil formation. This is made by the false-twist method where a strand is simultaneously twisted, heat-set then untwisted. Examples are Superloft, Flufon and Helenca. Non-torque coil yarn can be prepared by the edge crimp method in which a thermoplastic yarn is heated, stretched the drawn over a crimping edge and cooled. An example is Agilon yarn.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
winding (Ned); vlecht (Ned); Superloft; Flufon; Helenca; Agilon
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
Category:Materials database
Coir

== Description ==
Coarse, brown fibers obtained from the husks of coconuts from the tropical palm, Cocos nucifera. Coir is native to India and Southeast Asia where it has been used since ancient times. It was introduced to Europe by Marco Polo in the 13th century. The shell of the coconut has three distinct layers. The outer layer is thin and smooth while the inner layer contains the meat. The thick middle layer contains the coir fibers. Coir is retted from the outer shell, beaten with wooden mallets, then combed and bleached. It is a hard fiber that is durable even when wet. Coir is also wrinkle resistant and wear resistant. Its coarse, long fibers are used for brushes while the short, curly fibers are used for ropes, cording, fiber board, mats, upholstery stuffing, paint brushes, and coarse cloth. Some cocos fiber is sulfur bleached (blanca fiber) which produces an off-white, but acidic fiber. The bleached fibers may dye poorly and degrade readily.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kayaru; kayar; cocos fiber; coconut hair; coir fibers; blanca fiber; fibra de coco (Esp.); coir (Ned); kokosvezel (Ned)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Resistant to water.
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 213
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: coconut palm" [Accessed September 22, 2003].
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, Bristish Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957 Comment: p. 34
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Coke

== Description ==
The dark, porous, carbonized residue left after the destructive distillation of bituminous coal, petroleum or coal-tar pitch. Coal can be converted to coke by heating it in an airless oven to drive off all volatile components. Coke was once made in large quantities as a byproduct when coal was burnt to produce methane. The process for using coke in smelting was developed by Abraham Darby in Coalbrookdale in the 17th century. Because coke burns hotter than coal, it aided expansion of the cast-iron production as well as allowed new developments in metallurgy and steel production, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. Coke can also be converted to graphite.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
coque (Esp.); coke (Fr., Ned.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Density	1.0-1.7
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation, 28:49-66, 1983.
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 213
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Iron and Steel"
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=1.0-1.7
Category:Materials database
Coke breeze

== Description ==
Lightweight cinder powder produced by burning coke or charcoal. Breeze is composed of tiny hollow spheres (cenospheres) produced when the outside of the burning fuel particles are carbonized before the volatile gases can escape. Coke breeze is used as a filler in breeze concrete.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
breeze; cenosphere
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation, 28:49-66, 1983.
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Colcothar

== Description ==
A brownish-red iron oxide residue obtained from heating ferrous sulfate. Colcothar is used as a pigment in paint and theatrical rouge. It is also used as a glass and metal polishing agent called jewelers' rouge. The round edge ferric oxide. particles burnish soft metals, such as silver and gold, rather than cut channels like the harder alumina abrasives.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
jeweler's rouge; Venetian red
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Colcothar of vitriol

== Description ==
Common name for ferrous sulfate prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985). During the same period, it was also called red oxide of iron by sulfuric acid.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ferrous sulfate; iron sulfate
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Cold pressed oil

== Description ==
Any vegetable oil extracted from seeds by crushing in hydraulic or screw-type press at ambient temperature. Cold-pressing extracts a smaller portion of oil than hot-pressing, but it produces a higher quality oil that is clearer and has fewer impurities. Cold pressed linseed oil is the best for artists' use. It is thin, flows well and produces brilliant, true colors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cold-pressed oil (AAT); aceite prensado en frio (Esp.); olio spremuto a freddo (It)
==Resources and Citations===
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cold storage

== Description ==
A pest mitigation method in which articles are refrigerated (about 4C or 40F) for lengthy periods of time. Cold storage does not kill moth or beetle larvae, but does prevent damage from the pests due to inactivity at the cold temperatures. Prior to wide-spread air conditioning, cold storage was commonly used commercially during the summer months for storing coats, furs, carpets, blankets, upholstered furniture, and stuffed animal heads.
Cold storage is also used to slow the degradation process of some types of plastics, especially natural rubbers and cellulose nitrates.
== Images ==
File:Cold Storage - SC125383.jpg|thumb|Cold storage area
File:Cold storage - SC125375.jpg|Cold storage area
File:Cold storage 2 - SC125377.jpg|Cold storage area
File:Cold.Storage_A.Beale-SC145279.jpg|Cold storage area
File:Cold.Storage_A.Beale-SC145281.jpg|Cold storage area
==Resources and Citations==
* Mary-Lou Florian, Dale Paul Kronkright, Ruth E. Norton, The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990
* E.A. Back, 'Clothes Moths and Their Control', Farmers' Bulletin, No. 1353, U.S.Department of Agriculture, 1932.
Category:Materials database
Colemanite

== Description ==
A mineral composed of hydrated calcium borate. Colemanite occurs in massive deposits and monoclinic crystals. Named after William T. Coleman, the mineral was originally found in 1884 in Death Valley, California. It is currently mined in Turkey. Colemanite can be colorless, milky or gray and transparent to translucent. It is a principal source of borax and boric acid. Colemanite is used in the manufacture of glass, glass fibers, and ceramic glazes.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|colemaniteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hydrated calcium borate; Gerstley borate; colémanite (Fr.); colémanita (Esp.); Colemanit (Deut.)
== Risks ==
* Contact and ingestion will burn skin and tissues
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Monoclinic system with prismatic crystals or massive or granular. 
* Perfect cleavage in one direction; good in a second direction. 
* Luster = vitreous to adamantine. 
* Fracture = subconchoidal. 
* Streak = white.
Composition 	Ca2B6O11-5H2O
Mohs Hardness 	4.0 - 4.5
Density 	2.26-2.48 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.445;1.469;1.472
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Colemanite
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "colemanite" [Accessed December 4, 2001 (B/W photo)
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colemanite (Accessed Sept 2 2005, harddddddness = 4.5, spec. gravity=2.42)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database