nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Limonite

== Description ==
An amorphous rusty brown mineral composed of hydrated iron oxide. Limonite is often found mixed with clay and sand in the form of a loose powder or a compact, slightly silky, mass. Limonite is formed in marshy and boggy areas and is frequently called bog iron ore. Sites for limonite are Lorraine, Luxembourg, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria, Saxony), Austria, England, and the United States (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama). Limonite has been used as an iron ore, a brown earth pigment and, in ancient times, as an ornamental stone for small carved items such as beads and seals. The term limonite is sometimes generally applied to any hydrated iron ore.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
brown hematite; brown ironstone clay; brown iron ore; bog iron ore; limonita (Esp.); limonite (Fr., Port.); Limonit (Deut.); limoniet (Ned.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Amorphous mass. 
* Fracture = conchoidal. 
* Luster = dull to earthy, sometimes submetallic. 
* Streak = yellow to brown
Composition 	FeO(OH)-nH2O
Mohs Hardness	5.0 - 5.5
Density 	3.6-4.0 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Goethite
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "limonite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 422
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Linaloe oil

== Description ==
Any of a variety of essential oils that contain linalol, an alcohol that smells like rose, ambergris, or lavender. The oils are generally distilled from the heartwood of the trees. Some types of linaloe oils (botanical sources) are: 
1) Bois de rose oil (Aniba panurensis) from Brazil. It is also known as rosewood oil, Cayenne linaloe and Cayenne oil. 
2) Mexican linaloe (Bursera delpechinanum, Bursera aloeoxylon) 
3) Oriental linaloe (Aquilaria agollocha) from India and southeast Asia. It is also known as aloe wood oil and agar attar. 
4) Rhodium oil (Convolvulus scoparius) from the Canary Islands. It is also known as rosewood oil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
esencia de linalol (Esp.); rosewood oil; bose de rose oil (Aniba panurensis); Mexican linaloe (Bursera delpechinanum, Bursera aloeoxylon); Oriental linaloe (Aquilaria agollocha); rhodium oil (Convolvulus scoparius); lignaloe; Cayene linaloe; Cayenne oil; aloe wood oil; agar attar 
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 671
Category:Materials database
Lincrusta-Walton

== Description ==
[Crown Decorative Product, England] A brand name for a flexible, embossed sheet of composition. First manufactured in 1875, Lincrusta-Walton sheets were composed of cellulose, such as cork, bound with oxidized linseed oil. The sheets were embossed, then tooled to resemble leather. They were typically used for ceilings and wainscot. Lincrusta-Walton sheets were used by J.S.Sargent in the Boston Public Library murals "Triumph of Religion". Lincrusta sheets were popular until about 1920. A resurgence increased their use again in the 1990s. 
See also Anaglypta®.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lincrusta Walton
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 Comment: Manufactured in 1875, patented in 1877 and in common use until the 1920s
* Website address: fttp://homearts.com.bvah/12embof1.htm
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998 Comment: used extensively by J.S.Sargent in the Boston Public Library murals "Triumph of Religion"
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincrusta (Accessed Jan. 6, 2006) - invented by Frederick Walton in 1877
Category:Materials database
Lindane

== Description ==
The legal name for the chemical gamma benzene hexachloride. Lindane is a powerful insecticide that is used as a fungicide, an indoor fumigant, and a contact poison. It is 100 times more toxic against roaches than DDT killing both insects and larvae.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gamma benzene hexachloride; benzene hexachloride; BHC; Gammexane [ICI]; hexachlorocyclohexane; Insecticide 666; Tri-6; Viton; gamma hexachlor; Lindafor; Lindatox; Agrocide; Isotox; Esoderm; Aparasin;
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|lindaneIR.jpg~FTIR|lindanestruct.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. LD50 = 88-270 mg/kg 
* Chem Service: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in acetone, cyclohexane, naphtha, benzene, and ethanol. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C6H6Cl6
CAS 	58-89-9
Melting Point 	112.5 C
Density 	1.87 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=290.8
Boiling Point 	323 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry # 5526
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 413
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
Category:Materials database
Linden

== Description ==
A name for several species of large deciduous trees of the family Tilia. They are known as linden trees in Germany, tilluel trees in France, lime trees in Britain, and basswood trees in North America. The light-brown wood from these trees has a straight grain and is easily worked. Linden wood is used for furniture and cabinets. Because linden wood is soft and workable, it has been used since at least the 1600s for decorative items with intricate carvings such as picture frames and sculptures.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Tilia; lime tree (Br.); basswood (N. America); tilleul (Fr.); tilo (Esp.); tilia (Port.); limewood
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Pale white to light brown with undefined sapwood/heartwood sections
* Straight grain with fine, even texture and moderate natural luster 
* Density = 32-40 ppcf
==Working Properties== 
* Easy to work, being very soft and light. 
* One of the most suitable wood species for hand carving. 
* Glues and finishes well, but has poor steam bending and nail holding characteristics.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Basswood
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia (Accessed October 13, 2020)
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: Wood
Line block

== Description ==
Any relief etch block or print made from a chemically or mechanically produced printing surface. One line block example, gillotage, is a zinc printing plate made using a lithographic transfer. One photo-relief etching method involved developing a negative directly on a zinc plate coated with bichromated gelatin. After the image is developed, the soluble gelatin is washed away and the remaining gelatin is coated with powdered asphaltum to produce an acid-resistant negative image. Other variations include stereotype line block, electrotype line block, and transfer line block.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
relief etching; zinc etching; gillotage; stereotype line block; electrotype line block; transfer line block; Strich-Druckstock (Deut.); Druckplatte (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
Category:Materials database
Line engraving

== Description ==
A print prepared from a design engraved into a copperplate with a burin. Once the image is cut, the burrs are removed from the groove edges producing crisp, clean lines in the print. Developed in the 15th century, line engraving was primarily used to reproduce images from paintings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Linienstich (Deut.); Kupferstcih (Deut.)
== Additional Images ==
File:M23451.det.jpg|Line engraving
==Resources and Citations==
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* The Bullfinch Guide to Art History, Shearer West (ed.), Bullfinch Press, Boston, 1996
* B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "engraving." Accessed 3 Feb. 2005.
Category:Materials database
Linen lea

== Description ==
A lea is a measure of yarn length that is used to determine density. The length of a lea of linen yarn is 300 yards (274 meters). The count or number of a yarn is given as the leas per pound of fiber. Thus, a 10 count linen yarn has 3000 yards per pound.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
(garen) lengtemaat van linnen? (Ned);
Category:Materials database
Linen paper

== Description ==
Originally the term linen paper refer to a superior quality paper that was made from flax fibers or linen rags. Linen paper, or drafting cloth, was manufactured in England from about 1850 (AIC Book and Paper Catalog). It was widely used for architectural and engineering drawings and for many years was required by U.S. government offices for archived construction drawings. Linen paper was filled or coated with starch, gelatin or synthetic resins to produce a stiff, smooth, slightly translucent paper. It was replaced by less expensive polyester papers in the 1960s. Now the term linen paper is used for paper that has a linen-like surface finish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
drafting cloth
Category:Materials database
Linen tape

== Description ==
Thin strips of linen fabric with an adhesive coating on one side. The adhesive is usually a water activated compound, such as dextrin or animal glue. Linen tapes have been used for hinges on containers and boxes. They are not used on valuable objects, books, or papers because the adhesive is generally too strong, inflexible and difficult to remove.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Holland tape; cloth tape
== Additional Images ==
File:lintape.jpg|Linen tape
File:32gummedlinentapeBFR50X.jpg|Gummed linen tape, reflected light
File:33gummedlinentapeBF AD 50X.jpg|Gummed linen tape; transmitted light
File:32gummedlinentapeBFR AD 100X.jpg|Gummed linen tape
File:32gummedlinentapeBFR3100X.jpg|Gummed linen tape
==Resources and Citations==
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Lining paper

== Description ==
Any paper used for covering or coating the inside surface of a box, trunk, or book. The lining paper is typically sized with adhesive then pasted onto to the box or board.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
facing paper; paper liner; end paper; endpaper; pastedown
== Additional Images ==
File:1976.654-CON13510.jpg|Box liningMFA# 1976.654
File:AOA.Inv.238-CON26315.jpg|Box lining
File:drawer lining 39.625.jpg|Drawer liningMFA# 39.625
File:RES 54.5-CON13491.jpg|Trunk liningMFA# RES.54.5
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Roger Gaskell, 'The Terms of the Trade' at http://www.ilab.org/organisation/publications/rogergaskell.php (Accessed Jan. 26, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Linocut

== Description ==
A block print prepared from a design engraved into a piece of linoleum. Linocuts, first made in the late 19th century, exhibit a wider variety of patterns than woodcuts since linoleum is much easier to cut than wood. Since the linoleum is smooth and has no directional grain, it's patterns often included flat, uniform color regions. The images were used for works of art on paper as well as printed textiles. The linocut technique was made popular by Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse in the 1950s.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
linoleum cut; vinyl cut; vinylcut; linoleumsnede (Ned.); lingravure (Fr.); gravure sur linoléum (Fr.); Linolschnitt (Deut.); linoleografia (It.); grabado en linoleo (Esp.); linoleumtryck (Sven.); linoleumsnitt (Sven.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Cut edges are rough.
==Resources and Citations==
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997 Comment: developed in the 20th century
* The Bullfinch Guide to Art History, Shearer West (ed.), Bullfinch Press, Boston, 1996 Comment: used in 19th century
* B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "linocut." Accessed 3 Feb. 2005 - introduced in early 20th century 
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Linoleic acid

== Description ==
An unsaturated fatty acid (C18) that is a component of many vegetable oils such as linseed, soybean, corn, sunflower, safflower, poppy seed, and perilla. Linoleic acid is one component that makes an oil a 'drying oil'. The two double bonds in linoleic acid readily oxidize in air to produce a hardened, insoluble film. Pure linoleic acid added to paints, coatings, lacquers, and vitamins (as a food supplement).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cis-9, cis12-octadienoic acid; ácido linoleico (Esp.); acide linoléïque (Fr.); acido linoleico (It); linolic acid
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Reacts with oxygen to solidify. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol or ether. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C17H31COOH
CAS 	60-33-3
Melting Point 	-5 C
Density 	0.905 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 280.44
Boiling Point 	228 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 313
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5529
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Linolenic acid

== Description ==
An unsaturated fatty acid (C18) that is a component of many vegetable oils such as linseed, soybean, corn, sunflower, safflower, poppy seed, and perilla. Linolenic acid is one component that makes an oil a 'drying oil'. The three double bonds in linolenic acid readily oxidize in air to produce a hardened, insoluble film.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid; ácido linolénico (Esp.); acido linolenico (It); cis,cis,cis-6,9,12 octatrienoic acid
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble inorganic solvents. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C17H29COOH
CAS 	463-40-1
Melting Point 	-11 C
Density 	0.9140 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 278.42
Boiling Point 	230-232 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 313
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5529
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Linoleum

== Description ==
Formerly a trademark for a resilient, washable floor covering material. Linoleum was invented in 1860 by Frederick Walton and produced in England from 1864. It is made by pressing a mixture of oxidized linseed oil, pine rosin, kauri gum, powdered cork (or wood flour) and pigment onto a burlap or canvas backing. Four basic types of linoleum were made: 1) plain, 2) jaspe, 3) inlaid and 4) printed. Linoleum was a common floor covering from the 1860s to the 1940s. Currently, the name linoleum is commonly used for a variety of other sheet type floor coverings made from synthetic resins, such as vinyl. 
See also vinyl tile.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Linoleum (Deut., Fr., Ned., Pol., Sven.); linóleo (Port.); Congoleum; Linotile; Sealex; Walton; Armstrong;
== Risks ==
* Printed linoleum is not washable. It was designed to be lacquered then cleaned with a dust cloth. 
* Flammable.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Alkalis soften linseed oil and will deteriorate surface.
Density	1.18 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* Bonnie Wehle Parks Snyder, "Linoleum", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002 Comment: patented in 1863
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linoleum (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006) invented 1860 ... patented 1860 by Frederick Walton
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* Material Explorer at www.materialexplorer.com - first made in 1860 by Frederik Walton
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 456
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=1.18
Category:Materials database
Linoxyn

== Description ==
1) A term used by Gettens and Stout (1966) to described oxidized linseed oil. Linseed oil forms a tough, hard insoluble mass as it oxidizes and polymerizes. 
2) A brand name for blown linseed oil.
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 458
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, blown

== Description ==
A processed linseed oil that has had hot air bubbled through it to produce a medium that dries faster than normal. Additionally driers, such as cobalt salts may also be added. Blown linseed oil is used in interior paints and enamels.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino soplado (Esp.); aceite de linaza soplado (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, bodied

== Description ==
A linseed oil that has been processed to increase its viscosity. For example, a heat-bodied linseed oil has been partially polymerized with heat. Examples of bodied linseed oil are litho varnish, stand oil, sun-refined oil, and linseed oil, blown.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino espesado (Esp.); aceite de linaza espesado (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, boiled

== Description ==
A processed linseed oil that has been heated (but not to its boiling point) to produce a medium that dries faster than normal. Often called linseed oil varnish, the oil is heated to 200C for several hours. Small amounts of driers, such as cobalt or lead salts may be added. Boiled linseed oil dries with a high glossy sheen and is used for industrial paints, varnishes, enamels, and for patent leather. Boiled linseed oil is thick and dark so it is rarely used for artist paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino cocido (Esp.); aceite de linaza cocido (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
Category:Materials database
Linseed oil, cold pressed

== Description ==
Linseed oil that is extracted from the ripe seeds by crushing in hydraulic or screw-type press. Cold-pressing is extracts a smaller portion of oil than hot-pressing for extraction, but it produces a higher quality oil that is clear, colorless and has few impurities. Cold pressed linseed oil is the best for artists' use. It is thin, flows well and produces brilliant, true colors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de lino prensado en frio (Esp.); aceite de linaza prensado en frío (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database