nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen

Hydrogen (H) is an element comprising 1 proton and 1 electron per atom. It is the only chemical element that normally doesn't have any neutrons in its atoms.
At earth's surface conditions, hydrogen forms a diatomic gas (H2), which is colorless and odorless, but highly flammable.
Hydrogen reacts violently with oxygen to form water (H2O), liberating a great deal of chemical energy in the process. The Hindenburg disaster was caused by an ignition source sparking this chemical reaction.
Hydrogen nuclei at high enough temperatures and pressures react even more violently to form helium nuclei, liberating a very great deal of nuclear energy in the process. See the sun (but not with unprotected eyes) for an example of this.
== Isotopes ==
Almost all hydrogen in the universe is the normal (hydrogen-1) isotope, with no neutrons in its nucleus. Because the nucleus of hydrogen-1 consists entirely of a single proton, it is sometimes called "protium".
There are two other hydrogen isotopes: deuterium, which contains 1 neutron, and tritium, which contains 2 neutrons. Normal hydrogen (protium) and deuterium are stable, while tritium is radioactive. Water made with deuterium atoms instead of hydrogen-1 atoms is called "heavy water", and is used in some nuclear reactor designs. Interestingly, and for reasons that are not fully understood, heavy water differs greatly in many of its properties from "light water", the 'normal' form of water, to the point of being significantly, albeit slightly, toxic to all but the simplest organisms. 
Both deuterium and tritium are of interest to researchers in nuclear fusion, since the reaction cross-sections of their nuclei are so high. This is also why they're used in nearly all modern nuclear weapon designs. Some manufacturers of guns and related products, such as Trijicon, make use of tritium in their products for the glow emitted by its decay.
==See also==
* Hydrogen economy
* Cold fusion
* Fusion woo
* Hydrogen water
==Notes==
Category:Elements
Hyperpower

Hyperpower is a neologism created by the French to denote a power that not only has no rival but is orders of magnitude greater than its next closest rival. This term was created specifically to refer to the position of the United States after the end of the Cold War (when the US and the Soviet Union were referred to as superpowers, leaving the terms megapower, ultrapower, and the like still to be coined). It has also been used (retroactively for analogous purposes) to describe the Roman Empire and the British Empire, as well as comparable entities.
While neoconservatives hoped to harness the US's status as a hyperpower to change the world through the promotion of democracy and preemptive war, it appears they may have put the US on a path to gradually lose the status instead by pursuing unilateral and insular policies, just as Rome did during her latter days, as her overextended military was a major contribution to her ultimate decline. Rampant corruption was another major cause for the decline and fall of Rome. A much better way to maintain one's status as a great power is to invest in one's own country, specifically in mathematical and scientific research, education, infrastructure, and healthcare, namely things that improve the standards of living of the average citizen, rather than things that fulfill the interests or desires of the elite few.
Today, in light of the rapid economic growth of Communist China and India, it is entirely plausible that in the not too distant future, we will be living in a multi-polar world, namely, one with many global powers. No single one will completely dominate world affairs.
Category:Neologisms
Category:Political terms
Category:History
I-Doser

I-Doser is "the industry leader in binaural brainwave audio doses to powerfully alter your mood".
==What?==
Exactly. I-Doser is a piece of software that claims, via the use of specially-designed sounds, to be able to alter your mood in the same manner that drugs, legal or otherwise, can. Like homeopathy, the benign nature of the prescription results in no side effects (with the possible exception of hearing loss if listened to at max volume). The I-Doser site contains numerous testimonies of people claiming to be positively affected by listening to the "doses", which are arranged in multiple categories such as "stimulant" and "sexual" and available for around $4 each. 
The product really is no different than countless other self-help tapes that claim to make you thin, or be able to fluently speak foreign languages just by sticking a pair of headphones on and falling asleep. The major difference, however, is that while most other forms of tapes just claim to alter your mind "subliminally", I-Doser marketing states that it will actively "alter your brainwaves" to match the conditions brought about by "numerous drugs". Sample audio files are available to preview on their website so you can test it out for yourself.
==I-Dosing in the media==
There have been claims that school students were getting high from "I-dosing." However, medical experts are skeptical about the effects of I-dosing.Can 'digital drugs' get you high? by Katie Connolly (22 July 2010) BBC News.Turn on, tune in and get high on ‘audio drugs’? by Bridget Carey (Originally published June 24, 2010 at 7:00 pm Updated June 24, 2010 at 9:01 pm) Seattle Times. A small study showed that there was no entrainment of brain waves from listening to binaural beats.Researcher Dispels Notion Music Can Get Kids High (July 14, 20103:00 PM ET) NPR: All Things Considered.
The claims of I-doser users about receiving hallucinations or trips may be an example of the placebo effect.
==Consumer response==
Despite the lack of scientific evidence, I-doser continues to broaden its fan base among youth. A single look around the I-doser forum shows thousands of users sharing their experiences often followed by excited responses. A writeup on a third party website even describes an experience where the user visited Hell, saw demons, and was scared for days. But did they really?I-Doser Review: Gates of Hell (Archive.org August 10, 2013) There is even a recording for sale on the I-doser website that claims to bring color back to your gray hair by changing brain frequency. The continued consumption of these wacky products by the eccentric middle class and the youth that don't know any better keeps this market growing. When a physical substance is put on the market, manufacturer claims often have to meet strict government standards for consumer protection. Not in the case of I-doser; this company can claim any benefit via your headphones and it is met with praise from the young and naive.
==See also==
*Audio woo
*Purported legal highs
*Quantum woo
*Placebo effect
*Shoo!Tag
==External links==
*I-Doser
==References==
Category:Sound woo
IBGYBG

IBGYBG (or I.B.G.-Y.B.G.), an acronym for "I'll be gone, you'll be gone", became a popular saying among the hedge-fund managers who perpetrated the banking crisis of 2007-08. It refers to the many shitty deals and scams perpetrated by on unsuspecting investors. Specifically, it means that the wheeler-dealers involved in a fraud plan to be on their yachts anchored off some private tropical island sipping cocktails before the shit hits the fan. That, or they'll be dead.
Of course, many of the fraudsters were not gone when the shit hit the fan. Some obvious drawbacks to the IBGYBG mindset include:
* lack of timing
* the rampant greed that makes investors stay in the market "one more day" because they know it'll turn around
* the rampant narcissism that makes investors think that they are smarter than the system
* the fact that nobody has yet invented a working crystal ball
IBGYBG is still a fairly new saying, used mostly within the American financial sector. However, as more people become aware of this saying, don't be surprised if it gets applied to other sociopaths.
==External links==
* Market, “I.B.G. - Y.B.G.” and Fed MBS and Treasury Purchases, Calculated Risk, 18 September 2009
* Urban Dictionary website entry for "IBGYBG"
*Its use at a Senate hearing.
Category:Business
Category:Economics
Category:Financial crisis of 2007 to 2009
Category:Financial fraud
Category:Jargon
Category:Neologisms
IFLScience

IFLScience (or IFLS for short) is a site ostensibly engaged in promoting science through the use of memes and macros on social media. It started as a Facebook page in 2012, created by Elise Andrew , and is also now a popular science website, euphemized to IFLScience.
==Facebook page==
The Facebook page has grown exponentially in popularity (launch day it received 1,000 followers, in March 2012 it had 2.8 million followers, as of November 2015 it has 22 million) and is maintained by a team of administrators. Since its creation, the page has gradually drifted from being somewhat interesting ("This Week in Science" is about the only worthwhile thing left) to being a lot of clickbait cute/gross animal photos.
===Popular science and clickbait===
While admittedly the underlying goal of IFLS is a worthwhile one (to popularize science on social media for the masses), the page has gradually followed a general trend of decline in its quality. This can be presumed to be from its popularity, since the need for mass appeal generally means a watered down version of science reporting, often focusing on cute animal photos. At one point, it turned out that the page consistently failed to properly credit the authors of the majority of its images.
52 Of The Most Common Myths and Misconceptions Debunked In One Infographic typifies IFLS's approach: debunking popular myths with a clickbait title and kitsch infographic (although this infographic was already in circulation before being featured by IFLS).
==Sexism from followers==
Apparently, many followers of the page were unaware that Elise was a woman. After sharing her personal twitter on the page (which included a real picture of herself), followers littered the post with sexist comments (from comments like "are there kitchens in space?" to endless threads discussing her looks).
==External links==
*The Facebook Page
*Website
*I fucking hate pseudoscience is much better
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Popular science
IRenew

iRenew is an infomercially prescribed piece of junk "energy balancing bracelet that helps bring new, fresh energy into your life"A promotional site sold mostly through the internet and television.
==How does it work?==
Allegedly, "As you wear the bracelet, it will harness natural frequencies that occur in your immediate environment to help tune and rebalance your biofield to a more natural state. iRenew is a leading-edge new solution which dispels negative energy so that consumers can simply bring back stability in their life."Another promotional site Naturally, this is based almost completely on anecdotal evidence rather than scientific research, but it has led to a series of unintentionally hilarious promotional videos showing people too weak to so much as stand up until they wore the bracelet.One such video These are typical examples of the applied kinesiology scam.
===Quantum!===
===Does it really work, though?===
Of course, like all crank products, it's never been tested, nor proven in a laboratory setting, to do anything that it claims to do. Also, it has a long, vast history of complaints from consumers; not only are they complaining that it doesn't work, but that the product is such a scam, that they have to put up with overbilling, slow delivery, etc.According to The Consumer Ally
==References==
Category:New Age
Category:Quantum woo
Category:Alternative medicine
ISIS beheading conspiracy theories

ISIS beheading conspiracy theories are a series of War on Terror conspiracy theories that question the authenticity of DAESH's (ISIS) execution videos. The purpose is to argue that DAESH's white victims are all crisis actors hired to disprove allegations that DAESH is actually an American-led organization. As with other crisis actor 'theories', proponents see executions not being as bloody as in movies as proof, or that the victims are not behaving as the proponent would expect.
In 2014, feminist author and political adviser repeatedly claimed on Facebook that DAESH execution videos were faked with crisis actors, including the execution of well-known journalist The insane conspiracy theories of Naomi Wolf by Max (Oct 5, 2014, 10:50am EDT) Vox.
Complicating matters, a particular beheading video was known to have been faked. It was created by Benjamin Vanderford who faked his own beheading at the time that he was running for San Francisco's Board of Supervisors.Man fakes own decapitation in video (August 8, 2004 — 8.58pm) The Age.
==External links==
*Video footage of fake ISIS beheading? Video courtesy of Cyberberkut
*EXPLAINED: Why the Isis Beheading Videos are Fake
==References==
ITT Tech

thumb|right|250px|One of the former ITT Tech buildings
ITT Technical Institute, colloquially known as ITT Tech, was a scam that pretended to be an institution of higher education. Before going out of business in 2016, it had many campuses peppered across the continental United States. 
ITT Tech offered degrees in engineering, information technology and business administration; other programs included nursing and criminal justice.itt-tech.edu. Archived from myhowbook.com, 22 August 2014.
ITT Tech were known for grade inflation, coercive recruiting methods, class action lawsuits, and poor job prospects.Gretchen Morgenson, A Whistle Was Blown on ITT; 17 Years Later, It Collapsed. Archived from The New York Times, 21 October 2016. They became the target of federal investigationsITT Educational Services, Inc. 2015 Annual Report. United States Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-K, 2015. when the school got almost one billion dollars in federal aid, despite a retention rate lower than 60%. 
After twice failing an accreditation review in 2016, the United States Department of Education took away ITT Tech's ability to use federal funding for new students. They immediately filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations, affecting 35,000 students.ITT Technical Institute main page, archived on 12 September 2016.Katie Lobosco, ITT Tech: The for-profit college that went up in smoke. CNN Money, 26 September 2016.
==History==
ITT Tech's predecessor was incorporated in 1946, and it first became a publicly held corporation in 1966.ITT Technical Institute: FAQ (archived copy from December 3, 2016) Major problems with ITT Tech did not start appearing until the Great Recession of 2007, when the quality of education declined and new enrollments became dependent on dubious sales techniques.What Former Employees Say ITT Tech Did To Scam Its Students by Rowan Moore-Gerety (December 7, 20161:25 PM ET) 'NPR. Sales representatives started looking for students who were "likely to be kind of desperate to enroll, and likely to be eligible for the highest amount of financial aid." By 2012, ITT Tech charged "among the highest tuition in its industry. It also [had] the industry's highest rate of loans that [went] into default within two-years of attendance."Clever Is as Clever Does: For-profit colleges are contributing mightily to the country's $1 trillion in student-loan debt. When it comes to defaults, ITT Educational Services is doing much more than its share by Bill Alpert (April 14, 2012) Barrons.
==Accreditation==
ITT Tech held accreditation from the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges & Schools (ACICS), a national accreditation agency. However, the ACICS stripped the scam of accreditation because of low standards. ACICS was itself later stripped of accreditation authority by the United States Department of Education because of their own low standards.Education Department Establishes Enhanced Federal Aid Participation Requirements for ACICS-accredited Colleges. Archived from the United States Department of Education, 12 December 2016.
==References==
Category:Crime
Category:Diploma mills
Category:Education
Category:Scams
Ian

* Ian Miles Cheong, alt-right–adjacent figure who has written for The Post Millennial and Rebel Media
* Ian R. Crane, conspiracy theorist
* Ian Fairlie, anti-nuclear activist
* Ian Juby, young earth creationist
* Ian Kochinski, aka Vaush, leftist YouTube streamer
* Ian Paisley, founder of the Democratic Unionist Party
* Ian Plimer, climate change denialist
* Ian Smith, prime minister of Rhodesia
* Ian Stevenson, parapsychologist
* Ian Stuart Donaldson, neo-Nazi musician
Ian Fairlie

Ian Fairlie is a professional anti-nuclear power activist.Ian Fairlie website: About Ian Fairlie At one stage he was secretary of Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE),Report of the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE), 2004. which included such illustrious anti-nuclear power campaigners as Christopher Busby among its members. He flaunts his status as a science graduateFairlie, Ian. biography to lobby government against nuclear power.Fairlie, Ian. "US NRC Consultation: LNT vs hormesis", August 1, 2015 He speaks passionately at anti-nuclear power rallies (for example: just after the Fukushima tsunami, he spoke in Berlin).Fairlie, Ian. Speech at Chernobyl Congress (IPPNW conference) Berlin. 9 April 2011
He has been very influential in promoting radiophobia within the UK government and beyond as he had been the head of the Secretariat of the UK Government’s CERRIE Committee on internal radiation risks from 2000 to 2004, and after retiring from his post acted as a consultant on radiation matters to regional, domestic and international European governing bodies.
He has been accused of cherry-picking data. As an example he referred to the atomic bomb survivor study in 2011Fairlie, Ian. "Are Radiation Risks Overrated?", November 24, 2011 because it appeared to support the linear no-threshold (LNT) or no-safe dose hypothesis of radiation harm he supports. Newer atomic bomb survivor data however no longer support the LNT model (and its no safe dose),Ozasa, K., et al. 2012. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, Report 14, 1950-2003: an overview of cancer and noncancer diseases. Radiat Res., 177, 229-43. because the dose-response data are no longer linear, having significant curvature. He just ignores the newer data.
==False claims made by Ian Fairlie:Fairlie, Ian. speech transcript==
==External links==
*Ian Fairlie website
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Nuclear energy
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Anti-nuclear-energy activists
Category:Radiophobia
Ian Juby

"Professor" Ian Juby is a young earth creationist who hails from Ontario, Canada. Juby is the director of the Creation Science Museum of Canada, as well as a member of Mensa — Juby is known for using his "high IQ" as an argument from authority when promoting creation science under his YouTube alias Wazooloo. He also allows himself to be presented as a "professor" and a "paleontologist" in his videos — despite having no known doctoral degrees (or indeed any degree at all) in any science-related field, or having taught at any university. Juby's repeated crank misrepresentations of the evidence can be found throughout his video series, including claims like "dinosaurs were vegetarians"Ian Juby Lying About Dinosaur Bones, Teeth And Miocene Man, November 8th, 2012 by YouTuber Baud2Bits while presenting an incomplete dinosaur tooth fossil, and "reptiles laid eggs while running from the flood"Rebuttal to Ian Juby’s “’In 7 Days’ Crash Course in Creation” Day 5, May 27th, 2013, by he_who_is_nobody on the League of Reason blog referring to a 6 egg fossil laid in 2 rows of 3 (showing the animal was so scared it went back to lay another row…).
==See also==
*Creation Museum
*Carl Baugh
==External links==
*Personal website
*Juby's bio on International Creation Science Special Interest Group for Mensans
*Ian Juby (featured on Potholer54's YouTube channel)
==References==
Category:Canadians
Category:Internet kooks
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Shysters
Category:YouTube
Ian Stuart Donaldson

Ian Stuart Donaldson , a.k.a. Ian Stuart (he apparently felt that "Donaldson" didn't exactly fit his persona)Punk77: Phil Walmsley Sets the Record Straight — Skrewdriver 1976-78 was a British neo-Nazi bonehead shithead skinhead musician most known as the frontman for the white power rock band Skrewdriver and as one of the founders of Rock Against Communism.Ian Stuart: Zero of the White Race While his singing and Skrewdriver's music sounds like someone threw a radio into a concrete mixer generic 1980s they are, nonetheless, very influential in the white power, and specifically neo-Nazi skinhead, movements.Hate on Display:Skrewdriver
==Skrewdriver==
Skrewdriver began life in 1976 as a regular punk band with no political agenda. Although it drew on contemporary skinhead fashion, skinheads of the mid-1970s had yet to become associated with the white power movement and were by-and-large a non-partisan (and multi-ethnic) sub-culture of British working class youths. The band's guitarist, Phil Walmsley, would later recall that Donaldson had an aggressive streak during this period, but was not politically active. This incarnation of Skrewdriver lasted until 1980; two years later, Donaldson revived it as an overtly racist band. The first album released by Skrewdriver mark II was 1982's Hail the New Dawn;Discogs: SkrewdriverOne of the tracks from Hail the New Dawn is a cover of Tomorrow Belongs to Me, a faux-Nazi song from the musical Cabaret, which has become something of a Neo-Nazi anthem. The song's authors, John Kander and Fred Ebb, are both Jews. Later releases from the band featured cover art showing a distinct fondness for muscly blokes in their undies.Blood & Honour Discogs (archived from 4 Aug 2022 04:13:05 UTC).The Strong Survive Discogs (archived from 4 Aug 2022 04:15:46 UTC).
Donaldson's life later came crashing down upon him (literally) and he died as a result of injuries from an automobile crash in 1993.
==Blood & Honour==
Outside of Skrewdriver, Donaldson's dubious legacy lies in founding the bloody dishonorable "Blood & Honour" in 1987. Originally an umbrella group for various white power bands, this organisation began to mutate into something more militant following Donaldson's death, with links to neo-nazi group Combat 18.I Hung Out with the Neo-Nazis Who Hoped to Set Up an Aryan Homeland in Essex by Nick Chester (5 Nov 2016) Vice. The American branch, set up with the help of Tom Metzger, seems particularly violent.Blood & Honour Southern Poverty Law Center.
==Legacy==
American hardcore group MDC wrote "Nazis Shouldn't Drive" in his memory.
==See also==
*Saga — a Swedish singer who participated in Rock Against Communism
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Antisemites
Category:British people
Category:Fascists
Category:Musicians
Category:Neo-Nazis
Category:Punk
Category:Racists