nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
New Scientist

New Scientist is a British popular science magazine based in London and published weekly. It features new developments in pure and applied science as well as technology. The magazine covers a wide range of scientific work ranging from speculative material to hard science. Both scientists and lay readers value New Scientist, as do news reporters who frequently base newspaper articles on material originally published in the magazine. There are also editions in Australia and the United States.
==Professor Lenski==
The New Scientist article on Professor Richard Lenski's E. coli experiment"Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in the lab", New Scientist. launched the "Lenski affair", accelerating him to 15 minutes of internet fame and an email exchange described as "All time classic creationist pwnage".Bad Science - All time classic creationist pwnage
=="Darwin Was Wrong"==
New Scientist is not a scientific journal. Although its articles are usually well-written and report quite respectable science, it does have a bad habit of sensationalizing things a little. Often trivial things will be quote mined to produce a fancy cover and headline, the most controversial being the "Darwin Was Wrong" cover.http://www.texscience.org/reports/NewScientistDarwinCover.jpg This was criticised by many evolutionary scientists in the blogosphere as being potentially misrepresenting scientific discovery.Darwin was wrong?, Pharyngula
In fact the article revealed nothing of the kind,Darwin Was Wrong, New Scientist and the supposed breakthrough on the cover was actually a fairly minor point in regards to changing the theories of natural selection — specifically the "tree of life," used by Darwin in developing his theory but now mostly rejected.
Why would any self-respecting magazine do this sort of thing? Firstly, sensationalism sells and most of the media openly admits it.New Scientist has no shame again, Why Evolution is True Like any other magazine, New Scientist relies on selling copies in order to remain a profitable business. Secondly, writers never get the chance to write their own headlines; there are specialist staff writers and sub editors for that. Any evolutionary biologist writing for New Scientist would have known that the headline was misleading, and would provoke a backlash from those on the front line of the origins debate, but the headline writers may not have cared.
==See also==
*Scientific American
==External links==
*New Scientist website
==References==
Category:British media
Category:Journalism
Category:Magazines
Category:Popular science
New Swabia

New Swabia (German: Neu-Schwabenland) was the name given to an area in Antarctica by the Nazi German expedition that explored it in 1938/1939.John Whitfield, Did Hitler have a base in the Antarctic? Nature, 30 March 2007. It was a Antarctic region covering 600,000 km2 between longitude 20°E and 10°W located in , which at the time was claimed by Norway (which it still is to this day).McGonigal, D. (2009). Antarctica: Secrets of the Southern Continent. Frances Lincoln. Page 400. ISBN: 9780711229808 Nazi Germany claimed the area for itself in January 19, 1939; which Norway, that had discovered Queen Maud Land, did not accept. No other country recognized Germany's territorial claim. The Germans were mainly interested in New Swabia as a base area for whaling. The Nazis were ultimately never able to advance any territorial claims to the region, even though they had invaded Norway and forced the native rulership and the government in exile for most of World War II, with the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 effectively killing those ambitions.
Rumors about New Swabia and/or Nazi base in Antarctica began in 1945, following the end of World War II. Around 1943-1946, the British started , which began under the pretense of searching Nazi U-boats and other German naval threats in Antarctica, when in reality, being a cover to construct bases in territorial dispute with Argentina.Rose, L. A. (2013). Explorer: The Life of Richard E. Byrd. University of Missouri Press. Page 426. ISBN: 9780826266439Taylor, A. (2017). Two Years Below the Horn: Operation Tabarin, Field Science, and Antarctic Sovereignty, 1944-1946. University of Manitoba Press. ISBN: 9780887552069 Related to Tabarin, possibly being mistaken to it, it was believed that a 1946 US military exercise called was carried out for to defeat a Nazi stronghold in Antarctica, when in reality, it was to train US troops in Antarctic environments. Despite the fact that no permanent base was built and the region is now a part of the Norwegian Antarctic territory, it has become the focus of several conspiracy theories, sometimes involving Nazi UFOs.Colin Summerhayes and Peter Beeching, Hitler’s Antarctic base: the myth and the reality. Polar Record 43 (224): 1–21 (2007) via Wikileaks.Daniel Oberhaus, Fake News About a Secret Nazi UFO Base In Antarctica Refuses to Die. Vice, 12 march 2017.Holm Hümmler: Neuschwabenland – Verschwörung, Mythos oder Ammenmärchen? In: Skeptiker. Nr. 3, 2013, S. 100–106. 
Appropriately enough, nowadays there is a German research station (also in the Norwegian Antarctic territory) that became the focal point of an unrelated conspiracy theory - Neumayer Station.
==See also==
* Ernst ZündelGermany's Antarctic Claim: Secret Nazi Polar Expeditions by Christof Friedrich (i.e., Ernst Zündel) (1977) Samisdat Publishers.
* Nazi occultism
==References==
Category:Conspiracy theories
Category:Geography
Category:Nazism
Category:Ufology
News

News is the reporting of events. It should contain at answer the six W's, the "who, what, when, where, why, and how" of an event. Some modern news tends to add a seventh: "Wow" or "Whoa," in the form of fancy graphics, dramatic music, etc. Although most people disseminating news will claim to be unbiased, it is inevitable that opinion is involved, often as a genuine opinion piece or thinly veiled and disguised as a fact. This begins at the very selection of "what is news?" and extends to the wording used in the presentation.
The traveling minstrels of the Middle Ages provided news leavened by entertainment and the current media continue the mixture. Broadcast news shows often have a jocular "endpiece" about an amusing incident to leave the viewer/auditor with a feeling of comfort. Similarly, print news is interspersed with cartoons and trivia.
One thing news isn't is what is broadcast by Fox News.
==See also==
*Mainstream media
*Fake news
Category:Media
Category:Broadcasting
News-watch

News-watch (previously known as Minotaur Media Tracking) is a right-wing anti-BBC watchdog and webshite founded in 1999 by former BBC/ publicist David Keighley and former TV-am features editor Kathy Gyngell to expose perceived pro-EU bias at the public service broadcaster. Minotaur Media Tracking was dissolved in 2006 and its succeessor Newswatch UK Ltd co-owned by Keighley and managemant consultant Barclay Thompson was dissolved in 2009. Somehow News-watch returned and now focuses on areas of public policy such as the EU, immigration and climate change which it describes as politically controversial. It has received over £200,000 of funding from conservative charity the Institute for Policy Research and has had donations raised by Arron Banks and Richard Tice's Brexit campaign group Its reports have been covered by various right-wing sources including think-tank and Tory broadsheet The Telegraph.News-watch DeSmogWho's paying for these 'reports' on BBC Brexit coverage? by Adam Ramsay and Peter Geoghegan (23 October 2017) openDemocracy
==Criticism==
Tom Mills, lecturer in sociology at Aston University and author of The BBC: Myth of a Public Service, told <P />
==Commissions==
The following organisations and individuals have comisssioned media reports:
* an influential free-market think tank co-founded by Margaret Thatcher.
* Global Britain: a Eursceptic think-tank founded by life peers and 
*Eurosceptic MPs Philip Davies, Ian Paisley, and 
==Key People==
===David Keighley===
David Keighley is the co-founder and Managing Director of News-watch.
Keighley worked as a publicist first for the BBC and later for where he befriended the Managing Director and his wife Kathy who was the co-founder of Minotaur Media Tracking. 
He also serves on the editorial board for Kathy Gengell's The Conservative Woman for which he has contributed the regular BBC Watch column and climate change denial articles.
===Others===
* Barclay Thompson: former co-owner and Managing Director of News-watch.
* Andrew Jubb: senior researcher for News-watch.
* Kathy Gyngell: co-founder of Minotaur Media Tracking, former associate director of News-watch, and founding editor of The Conservative Woman.
==References==
Category:Brexit
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Webshites
NewsBusters

NewsBusters is a wingnut media watch website that styles itself as "Exposing and Combating Liberal Media Bias." The site is an extension of Brent Bozell III's hate group, Media Research Center. 
While an ostensibly admirable goal to keep check on the media (quis custodiet ipsos custodes?Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? is a Latin phrase from the Roman poet Juvenal, which literally translates to "Who will guard the guards themselves?" and is translated in colloquial English as "Who watches the watchmen?"), it does not so much expose "liberal bias" as try to ram a Republican agenda in all over the place. The site also has a blatant anti-science agenda, often bashing stories on evolution and global warming that don't give time to wingnut creationist or denialist perspectives.
Newsbusters' methods for exposing the media's bias toward liberalism include only reporting instances that they perceive as liberal and copy/pasting from blogs that have actual, clearly stated liberal biases.Newsbusters, exposing the cleverly hidden liberal bias at the Daily Kos More recently, they have stated that internet and tech companies like Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Microsoft were out to get them by censoring "free speech," when in reality they are censoring hate speech which they, as private businesses, have every right to hold people accountable for if they feel an obligation to (not to mention most hate speech is spewed by conservatives anyway). Conservatives champion the rights of businesses except where it affects them, as usual.
In 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic ravaged the entire world, the MRC absolved Trump of any blame and decided to blame China for not containing the virus; never mind that doing so causes increasing stigmatization and violence against Asian-Americans, no matter how much conservatives deny it.
==See also==
*WorldNetDaily (both employ Jill Stanek)
*Hostile media effect
*Media Matters for America - The centrist counterpart, slightly biased towards facts
==External links==
*Homepage
*ConWebWatch, a site that criticizes NewsBusters
*DeSmog Blog's category for their global warming denial
*NewsBusters on Biased Reasoning and Conspiracies, Discover magazine
==Notes==
==References==
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Category:Creationists
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Internet kooks
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:War on science
Category:Webshites
Category:Websites
News of the World

The News of the World (or News of the Screws as it was often called) was a British tabloid newspaper famous for sensationalist obsessive journalism but occasionally for some very good and revealing investigative work too. It was originally conceived as a broadsheet newspaper in 1843 - making it one of the oldest newspapers and longest lived in the world - but was re-organised into the red-top tabloid it became famous for being after being bought by Rupert Murdoch's News International.DJ Taylor: For 168 years News of the World was as English as roast beef
It is not to be confused with the classic 1977 Queen album of the same name.
==The Screws screws up==
It was eventually killed off by its owner, Rupert Murdoch, in July 2011 after it was revealed that its reporters had engaged in hacking a number of people's cell phones, including the phone of a murdered teenager. The phone hacking scandal started very early in 2011 with the revelations that the paper had hacked the phones of major politicians. The general response to this seemed to be "so fucking what" but by the middle of the year it was revealed that the paper had gone beyond such "fair game" targets and onto innocent people. Reporter and general slime ball Paul McMullen (who was at the centre of the scandal and looked increasingly weathered by it as it evolved) maintained that it was all in the public interest; however, former deputy Prime Minister John Prescott seemed unimpressed, asking whether anyone in the audience of 10 O'Clock Live would be "in the public interest" if they did anything even remotely important, and where the distinction would lie. Such a definition eventually became moot as soon as it was revealed that The News of the World didn't bother with such a distinction and had hacked the phones of terrorism victims and even murder victim Milly Dowler. The latter was particularly noteworthy because the investigators who had hacked the phone found the voicemail inbox to be full and so deleted old messages to make room for more, giving the false impression that Dowler was still alive and had access to her phone.News of the World to close as Rupert Murdoch acts to limit falloutNews of the World 'hacked Milly Dowler phone'
==See also==
*The Leveson Inquiry
*Tommy Sheridan
==References==
Category:British media
Category:Newspapers
Category:Propaganda
Category:British right wing
Category:Murdochsphere
Neyman's bias

Neyman's bias (also known as prevalence-incidence bias) is a form of selection bias that ensues due to the timing of when cases are incorporated into a study. Case-control studies tend to be the most vulnerable to this bias. Essentially, the bias comes about whenever sick or healthy patients are excluded from a study, hence the bias occurs in two forms:
*Patients who have died (or are in severe condition) are excluded, consequently making conditions seem less severe.
*Patients who have recovered are excluded, consequently making conditions seem more severe.
The more time between exposure and investigation shall subsequently affect the chances of death or recovery, which can aggravate this bias as more cases are excluded from the study being conducted. When time goes by, patients will die. Conversely, other patients will recover during this same time interval. The people conducting the study may never know which groups of people are being excluded, thus it becomes impossible to adjust the study in order to mitigate bias; accordingly, there shall be either overestimated or underestimated results.
== Examples ==
If a case-control study investigates the flu (caused by influenza viruses), but only incorporates cases who have been admitted to a hospital, those who died preceding admission won't be included. Because the sample won't include those fatal cases, the study will be inaccurate.
== Prevention ==
For studies to be accurate, careful selection of study samples is imperative for an adequate grasp of certain diseases and their causes. Incident cases (newer cases) are favored over prevalent cases (pre-existing cases, which tend to be sicker with more progressed diseases), therefore, it's best to use incident cases instead of prevalent cases. This is why Neyman's bias is also called prevalence-incidence bias.
==See also==
*Selection bias
==References==
Category:Imprecision fallacies
Category:Fallacies
Category:Logic
Niche

In ecology, a niche (pronounced "nich", "nish" or "neesh")Merriam-Webster: "niche" is the place in an ecosystem that is fillable by a species. The idea is best explained through examples, so here we go.
Virtually everywhere on earth, the sun provides a swath of niches for any organism that can convert UV energy into a biologically usable form (plants and algae). This in turn forms the basis of nearly all ecosystems, opening up niches for anything that can eat these organisms (or parts of them) for the stored energy/chemicals. These animals then open up niches for organisms that prey on those organisms, which can open up niches for parasites to feed on those animals in turn, and so on.
In most parts of the world, the niche of small, skittish, ground-dwelling vegetarian is played by a placental mammal, like a chipmunk or mouse. However, in Australia, the niche is taken up by a small, ground dwelling marsupial, while in New Zealand, the equivalent niche is a flightless, ground-adapted omnivorous bird, the kiwi. In fact, most of the niches normally occupied by mammals in the rest of the world are filled by birds in New Zealand. The only native mammals in New Zealand are bats (which conveniently take up the night-hunting flying insectivore niche).
One thing to note is that no two species can fill the same niche simultaneously. This is one of the reasons invasive species are so damaging to ecosystems.NatGeo explains
==References==
Category:Evolution
Category:Biology
Nick Gillespie

Nick Gillespie (also known as The Fonzi of Freedom due to his habit of making all of his media appearances wearing a leather jacket) is the former editor-at-large and continuing contributor to the libertarian magazine Reason. 
As a stock-issue libertarian, Gillespie's philosophy can be boiled down to "legalize everything, deregulate everything, privatize everything." 
__TOC__
==Opinions==
===No limits on campaign contributions===
Gillespie is so libertarian that he has even denounced attempts to set limits on campaign contributions, treating it like an excuse for more government regulations or in his words, to "increase restrictions on unambiguously political speech via campaign finance 'reform'".The full quote, in case you think we're quote mining him Considering that Reason is bankrolled by the Koch brothers this is hardly surprising, though he also writes for The Daily Beast, which is nobody's idea of a laissez-faire rag.
===Liberals as "Stalinists"===
Nick proved that he will go to any length to fight the dreaded socialism when he appeared alongside Jonah Goldberg and some other talking heads on a Glenn Beck documentary that was essentially a long argument by insinuation attempting to associate liberals with Hitler and Stalin.Gillespie on Beck
==E-drama==
There was also some internet drama between Gillespie and Jon Chait of The New Republic when Chait called him out repeatedly for using pseudostatistics in a debate over taxes.Gillespie Responds and His Point Is...I Have No Idea The fact that he doesn't fill up his blog with posts about how tall he is puts him a notch or two above McMegan.
==External links==
*Nick Gillespie is a rich son of a bitch
==References==
Category:Catholics
Category:Conspiracy theorists
Category:Journalists
Category:Libertarians
Category:Living people
Nick Pope

Nick Pope is a former UK government bureaucrat and a current "UFO expert". His main claim to fame is his three-year stint at the "UFO desk" of the UK Ministry of Defence, dealing with UFO reports and related inquiries. Apparently his work turned him into an UFO believer: after he was moved to another job in the Ministry, he wrote a book, Open Skies, Closed Minds, and rose to fame in the UFO-sphere, exploiting his status of a "government insider" and "Britain's Fox Mulder".
== Position at the MoD ==
Pope worked at the Ministry of Defence from 1985 to 2006. Between 1991 and 1994, as a junior manager, Executive Officer (EO -The lowest civil service management grade), he worked at "Secretariat (Air Staff) 2a", the office that was, among other things, responsible for handling UFO reports and related inquiries received by the MoD from members of the public, etc. The section is sometimes described as "the real X-Files", but its actual work was far less glamorous. The nominal reason for collecting UFO sightings report was to determine whether any of them had a defence significance. Any reports of interest would have been referred upwards from Mr. Pope's desk to senior officers for investigation. Most (if not all) of its files have been declassified and digital copies are available for a small fee from the UK National Archives. (Though they can also be found on various UFO and conspiracy-theory-related websites, as the PDFs had been offered for free on the Archives' website for a brief period of time.) In 2009, Mr. Pope's successor mentioned the routine nature of the job. The MoD announced that it will no longer collect UFO reports. 
 It is interesting and bemusing to see that Mr. Pope is portrayed in various UFO documentaries such as Ancient Aliens, et al, that he is either a former Director in the (UK) Ministry of Defence (MoD), Defence Expert, Analyst etc. Most of what Mr. Pope comments on is already 'open source' and known by other UFO researchers, or interested members of the public.
== Bibliography ==
*Open Skies, Closed Minds, 1999, ISBN 0-87951-916-9
==See also==
===Want to read this in another language?===
==External links==
* Official website
* How not to report a UFO, Pope complaining about the MoD's decision to stop "investigating" UFO reports, "Comment is free" section of The Guardian, 4 December 2009
==References==
Category:Living people
Nick Pope (español)

Nick Pope es un ex burócrata del Reino Unido y actual "Ufólogo". Su mayor azaña fué trabajar durante tres años en el "Escritorio OVNI" del Ministerio de Defensa del Reino Unido, tratando con informes ufológicos e investigaciones relacionadas. Aparentemente su trabajo lo convirtió en un creyente de los OVNIS: tras ser transladado a otro puesto dentro del Ministerio, escribió el libro Open Skies, Closed Minds(Cielos abiertos, mentes cerradas), adquiriendo fama en la esfera OVNI al aprovecharse de su condición de "hombre del gobierno" y "Britain's Fox Mulder".
== Posición en el Ministerio de Defensa ==
Pope trabajó en el Ministerio de Defensa entre 1985 y 2006. En el período de 1991 a 1994 estuvo en la 'Secretaría 2a(Personal de aire)', esta oficina se dedicaba precisamente a tratar, entre otras cosas, informes OVNI y consultas similares recibidas en el Ministerio. La sección es descrita como el expediente X real, pero su verdadero trabajo era mucho menos glamuroso. La razón principal para acumular relatos de avistamientos OVNIS era determinar si alguno de ellos suponía un peligro para la seguridad. La mayoría (si no todos) los informes han sido desclasificados y se encuentran disponibles copias digitales por una pequeña suma en el Archivo Nacional del Reino Unido. (Aunque también se pueden encontrar en sitios relacionados con las conspiraciones OVNI debido a que los PDFs han sido ofrecidos en la web del Archivo gratuitamente por un breve período de tiempo). En 2009 el Ministerio de Defensa anunció que no recaudará mas informes OVNI.
== Bibliografía ==
*Open Skies, Closed Minds, 1999, ISBN 0-87951-916-9
==Véase también==
===En otros idiomas===
== Enlaces externos ==
* Sitio oficial (en inglés)
*Nick Pope, "How not to report a UFO", sección "Comment is free" de The Guardian, 4 de diciembre de 2009 (en inglés)
==Referencias==
Category:Living people
Category:Español
category:Ufology