nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Gampi no ki - right (387 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_387.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 387
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (387 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown (more black tone)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ガンピの木 : Gampi no ki
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Diplomorpha sikokiana (Franch. Et Sav.) Honda
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant had been used for dyeing; however the resultant colors seemed to be unsatisfactory.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Gamvar Picture Varnish

== Description ==
[Gamblin Artists Colors, Portland] A brand name for a synthetic picture varnish based on Regalrez low molecular weight hydrocarbon resin. Gamvar Picture Varnish was formulated based on research conducted in the Conservation Department of the National Gallery of Art, Washington. It contains 35% Regalrez (35% solids by weight) dissolved in mineral spirits with the addition of Tinuvin 292 (2%) hindered amine light stabilizer and Kraton® G 1652 rubber (1-3%) for added flexibility.
== Risks ==
* Gamblin: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Appearance = colorless, transparent liquid
* Boiling point = 185-211 C
* Density = 0.75 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gamblin Artists Colors: Website
* R.de la Rie "Polymer Additives for Synthetic Low-Molecular Weight Varnishes" ICOM Preprints, Washington, DC 1993, pp. 566-573.
* Paintings Specialty Group, Painting Conservation Catalog, Wendy Samet (ed.), AIC, Washington, DC, 1998
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Gananoque syenite

== Description ==
A coarse-grain, greenish-gray granite with dark spots quarried along the northeastern shores of Lake Ontario (Lent 1925). Gananoque granite was used for buildings and monuments.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Website: http://www.canadianwollastonite.com/Mineralogy/regional_geology.htm
Category:Materials database
Gangaw

== Description ==
An extremely hard rose-red wood obtained from the Mesua ferrea tree native to southeast Asia. Gangaw wood has a fine grain with even texture. The dense heartwood is a deep red color while the sapwood is a pale brown. Also known as ironwood, the gangaw wood is used for furniture, cabinetry, and inlays.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mesua ferrea (ironwood); bois de fer (Fr.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Density	70 ppcf
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 877
* Website: http://www.windsorplywood.com/tropical_woods/gangaw.html
Category:Materials database
Gangue

== Description ==
Unwanted rock or mineral matter mixed with crude ores. The ores are crushed, then the gangue, primarily siliceous material, is removed by hand sorting and by washing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gangue (Fr.); ganga (Esp., Port.); ganggesteente (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Gapoxio

== Description ==
[Martin A Carbone, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA] A trademark for a two-part epoxy putty. Gapoxio (TM) epoxy resin contains mixed diglycidyl ethers of Bisphenol A that is mixed with an amine hardener. Fillers include clay, silica, lime and magnesia. Gapoxio (TM) has a working time of about 45 minutes after kneading equal parts of the A and B sticks. It cures in about an hour at room temperature with no shrinkage. Gapoxio (TM) has a light beige-gray color but dry pigments can be added during mixing for other variations. After cure, the solid resin can be drilled, sanded, cut or painted.
As of 2022, GAPOXIO is no longer being produced. The replacement for Gapoxio is A + B Putty
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Smooths with water, alcohol, acetone prior to cure. 
* Insoluble after cure. 
* Cleans with soap and water prior to cure. 
* Cure time is shortened with heat or by placing in a microwave oven.
* Density = 1.95
== Risks ==
Contact may cause sensitivity or irritation.
==Resources and Citations==
* Rezolin: A+B putty
* Gapoxio: Website
* John Griswold: Contributed information (2002)
Category:Materials database
Garana - left (191 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_191.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 191
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (191 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| dark brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ガラナ : Garana
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Guaran
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| See the attached paper for the description of the plant. The dyestuff was provided by a medicine company, the Jintan Hompo Inc. () in Japan. The plant originates to the Amazon region, South America, and its fruits are used for medicine.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Garana - left (192 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_192.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 192
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (192 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ガラナ : Garana
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Guaran
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| copper
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The actual use of this plant as dyestuff had not been reported.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Garana - right (191 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_191.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 191
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (191 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| orangish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ガラナ : Garana
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Guaran
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| See the attached paper for the description of the plant. The dyestuff was provided by a medicine company, the Jintan Hompo Inc. () in Japan. The plant originates to the Amazon region, South America, and its fruits are used for medicine.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Garana - right (192 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_192.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 192
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (192 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ガラナ : Garana
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Guaran
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The actual use of this plant as dyestuff had not been reported.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Garancine

== Description ==
A red solid colorant produced from madder extract that has been precipitated and oxidized. The process for making garacine was perfected in 1839 by Lagier and Thomas. Garancine had about 4 to 5 times the dyeing power of madder, but the final product was not as lightfast or wash resistant.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
garancin; madder
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
Category:Materials database
Garauna

== Description ==
A tropical hard wood from Melanoxylon braunia Schot. native to South America. Garauna produces a dark brown wood that has been sold as brazilwood. Caffeine is extracted from the garauna berry.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Melanoxylon braunia Schot. (brazilwood); braúna (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Website: http://www.ciagri.usp.br/planmedi/pm0100.htm
Category:Materials database
Gardenia

== Description ==
Any of several flowering evegreen shrubs of the genus Gardenia. One plant, Gardenia jasminoides, native to China, is popular with gardeners for its large sweet-smelling flowers. A orange colorant extracted from its large fruits has been used as a dye.
* See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Kuchinashi)]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cape jasmine; Gardenia jasminoides; Gardenia angusta; kuchinasi
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Gardenia color.PNG~EEM Color|Gardenia line.PNG~EEM Line]]]
== Resources and Citations ==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Gardenia." 9 Sept. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Gardenia LC

== Description ==
Gardenia Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen shrubs and small trees growing to 1–15 meters (3.3–49.2 ft) tall. The tinctorial fruits are called huangzhizi in Chinese. This species can be difficult to grow because it originated in warm humid tropical areas. It demands high humidity to thrive, and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in acidic soils with good drainage and thrives on [68-74 F temperatures (20-23 C)] during the day and 60 F (15-16 C) in the evening. 
Gardenia jasminoides is indigenous in southern China, the Ryukyu islands and southern Japan.
Gardenia fruit is a direct dye that can be fixed onto the fibers without a mordant.
== Historical importance ==
The fruit of G. jasminnoids is used as a yellow dye in the Eastern Asia, used both on fabric and food. Its fruits are also used in traditional Chinese medicine for their clearing, calming, and cooling properties.
== Summary of results ==
The main colorants in Gardenia are carotenoids. Crocin, a molecule that was also found in saffron sigmas, is identified from extracts of grounded gardenia fruits. Gardenia also contains some flavonoids that could help to identify its dyeing source.
== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==
== Chromatograms ==
center|frame|Absorbance at 450nm (mAU)
== Sample information ==
center|frame|Sample information, By R. A. Laursen, Boston University
== Identified compounds ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|L~HPLC-DAD|Crocin.PNG~Crocin UV-Vis]]]
Compound	RT (min.)	MW 	UV/vis 	Other
crocin 	17.6 	976	440,460	
== References ==
[1]
[2]
[3]
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Reference Materials
Category:Natural Dyes
Garnet paper

== Description ==
An abrasive paper prepared from crushed and ground garnets. Garnet particles have sharper cutting edges than aluminum oxide, but are expensive and the particles dull rapidly when used on metal. They also can scratch glass. Garnet paper works well for polishing wood and smoothing gesso. The grades of garnet paper range from no.5 (coarse-about 15 mesh to 7/0 (fine-about 220 mesh). Kraft paper is generally used as the backing with a varnish resin as the adhesive. To decrease costs, some commercially available garnet cloths are actually prepared with quartz.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Mohs Hardness	6.5 - 7.0
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 355
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
Category:Materials database
Garnierite

== Description ==
A green-color mineral composed of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate. Garnierite is an important source for nickel. Significant deposts have been found in New Caledonia, Australia, and Cuba.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
népouite
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition	(Ni,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "nickel processing." Accessed 27 Jan. 2005 .
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnierite
Category:Materials database
Gas

== Description ==
1) A state of matter in which the molecules move freely and randomly. The molecules rapidly expand to fill the volume of any container. Gases mix freely with other gases. They can be liquefied by increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The most abundant gases are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
2) A flammable, gas-phase fuel, such as propane or acetylene.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gases (pl.); Gas (Deut.); gaz (Fr.); gás (Port.)
== Risks ==
Cautions (see McCann, 1979 for additional details): 
* Asphyxiating gases, such as acetylene, nitrogen, propane or carbon dioxide, can buildup in a confined spaces and displace oxygen. 
* Poisonous gases, such as hydrogen fluoride, phosgene, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, ozone, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide may be generated during processes such as acid etching, arc welding and kiln firing.
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Gas black

== Description ==
A pure, amorphous carbon black pigment produced by the incomplete combustion of natural gas or oil. The gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons are burned with an insufficient amount of oxygen and the soot is collected on a sheet of metal above the flame. Gas black is used as a pigment in rubber, plastics and inks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
CI 77266; negro de humo (Esp.); thermal black; channel black; carbon black; amorphous carbon; furnace black
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Sub-micron, spherical black particles.
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation, 28:49-66, 1983.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Carbon Black." Accessed: 9 Sept. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Gas chromatography

== Description ==
An analytical technique for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of materials. Gas chromatographs (GCs) are generally used to detect individual components (volatile at 500C or below) in a mixture. The sample, a gas or volatilized liquid, is injected through a port into a flowing stream of inert carrier gas such as helium, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen The sample and carrier gas pass through a column which contains a stationary phase that separates the individual sample components viah a gas-liquid adsorption/desorption partitioning process. The separated components are flushed sequentially from the column to a detector. Available detectors are flame ionization (FID), thermal conductivity (TCD), electron capture (ECD) and mass spectrometry (MS). The elapsed time from injection to detection is defined by the retention time for an individual species. Identification and quantification of the sample's components are achieved by comparison of their retention times and peak areas to those of reference standards analyzed under the same conditions. Gas chromatographs with mass spectrometer detectors can provide positive identification of compounds at the low parts per billion level. Compounds with boiling points higher 550 C can be analyzed after chemical modifications, such as silylation. Alternatively, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatogrpahy (Py-GC) has a specially heated sample inlet that can thermally dissociate the sample components the into volatile fragments. This is useful for the identification of polymers. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
GC; Gaschromatographie (Deut.); chromatographie en phase gazeuse (Fr.); Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography (Py-GC); vapor-phase chromatography (VPC); gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC)
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Gas Chromatograph Accessed June 2023
* National Gallery of Art, Scientific Research: Glossary of Conservation Terminology
* http://www.c2rmf.fr/homes/home_id21988_u1l2.htm
* Walter Hopwood, Submitted information
Category:Materials database
Gas permeability

== Description ==
The ability of a gas, or air, to diffuse through a material when the pressure of each side of the material is different, i.e. high pressure or a vacuum. Porous materials will allow the gas to pass through quickly. Materials with low gas permeability are often used as barriers in food packaging. Gas permeability is usually given in the units of milliliters per square meter per day (ml/m2.d). This indicates the volume of gas that will pass through a square meter of the test material in one day. The thickness of the test material must be specified. A typical test thickness is 1 mil (1 thousandths of an inch thick). An equivalent measurement is cc/m2.d, where one cubic centimeter (cc) is equal to one milliliter. The permeability of gases (air, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) is dependent on the porosity of a substance, while water vapor transmission is dependent on the absorption of water into the material.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Gaspermeabilität (Deut.); perméabilité aux gaz (Fr.); permeabilidade aos gases (Port.); air permeability; oxygen permeability
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
ASTM test procedure D737
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Gasenshi

== Description ==
A type of handmade Japanese paper made with at least 10% mitsumata.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gasenshi echizen
== Images ==
File:gasenshi.jpg|thumb|Gasenshi paper, overall
File:gasenshi_50XR.jpg|Gasenshi paper, at 50x (brightfield reflected light)
File:gasenshi_50X.jpg|Gasenshi paper, at 50x (brightfield transmitted light)
File:gasenshi_100X.jpg|Gasenshi paper, at 100x (brightfield transmitted light)
==Resources and Citations==
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Gaslight paper

== Description ==
A type of photographic printing paper with high sensitivity for indoor processing. Gaslight paper had a silver chloride gelatin emulsion that required much lower light levels for printing than the earlier printing out papers. Thus, gaslight papers could be printed using gaslights, and later, electric lights.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gas-light paper (Br.); papier pour lumière de gaz (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Photography"
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Gasoline

== Description ==
A liquid mixture of light hydrocarbons obtained from crude petroleum. Gasoline, also called naphtha, is the distillation fraction of petroleum that boils between 35-204C (100-400F). Gasoline is used as a motor vehicle fuel, paint thinner, cleaning fluid, and general solvent. Gasoline dissolves grease stains and other fats, oils, resins, bitumen, rubber, and pitch. Additional fractions are often distilled from gasoline and have over the years been given overlapping names: 
* fraction (boiling range) = alternate names 
* volatiles (<40C) =propane, butane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), petroleum ether. 
* naphtha, light (35-60C) = petroleum ether, benzine, ligroin, petroleum spirits. 
* hydrocarbon solvents (60-100C) = benzene, toluene, hexanes. 
* ligroin (90-150 C) =benzine, petroleum spirits, VM&P naphtha, heavy naphtha. 
* mineral spirits (150-200C) =paint thinner, white spirits, petroleum spirits, Stoddard solvent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
petrol (Br.); essence (Fr.); motor fuel; naphtha; CAS = 8006-61-9
== Risks ==
* Highly flammable. 
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Sinclair Oil: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database