Brendan Simms

Brendan Peter Simms (born 3 September 1967) is the President and founder of the Henry Jackson Society.Dr Brendan Simms, Henry Jackson Society, accessed 19 April 2009. He is also Newton Sheehy Teaching Fellow at the Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge.Brendan Simms, Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge, accessed 19 April 2009. He is a fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge.Towards a History of Humanitarian Intervention, Henry Jackson Society, accessed 19 April 2009.
==Background==
Brendan Simms was born on 3 September 1967, the son of two academics David and Anngret Simms.Catherine Milton, ‘Standing room only for a rarity’, The Times, 31 May 1994; Brendan Simms, The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806 (University of Cambridge Press, 1997) p.xii. 
Simms's father David Simms is a nephew of Dr Otto Simms, a former Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of all-Ireland.Anita Guidera, Academic caught up in factory planning dispute, Irish Independent, 1 September 2006. Another uncle of David Simms, Brian Goold-Verschoyle, became a Communist spy despite his background in the Anglo-Irish gentry, and eventually died in prison in the Soviet Union in 1942.Diarmaid Fleming, Irish victims of Stalin uncovered, BBC News, 16 June 2007.
Brendan Simms' mother was born Anngret Erichson, into a publishing family in Rostock, Germany. Her father, Knut Erichson served as an army officer throughout World War Two, including time on the eastern front. As a result, he was warned to flee East Germany, losing the family publishing business in the process. He later became a joint editor of Frankfurter Hefte, a left-wing Catholic journal. While teaching in Scotland, Anngret Erichson met David Simms, then lecturing in Mathematics at Glasgow University. They married and settled in Dublin in 1965, where David Simms became a Professor at Trinity College. After a campaign to secure, Anngret Simms eventually became a distinguished head of geography and associate professor at University College Dublin.Eileen Battersby, A career mapped out, Irish Times, 20 November 2004.
==Education and career==
Brendan Simms was educated at the German School and Trinity College in Dublin before taking a doctorate at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Catherine Milton, ‘Standing room only for a rarity’, The Times, 31 May 1994 His PhD thesis 'Anglo-Prussian relations, 1804-1806: The Napoleonic Threat', was published in 1992. Brendan Peter Simms, 'Anglo-Prussian relations, 1804-1806: the Napoleonic threat', Faculty of History, Dissertation - Cambridge, 1992. The thesis is likely to have formed the basis of Simms's 1997 book The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806.
Simms was a resident fellow at Christ Church Oxford from 1992 to 1993 and was appointed a fellow and director of studies in history at Peterhouse in 1993. Debrett’s People of Today, Brendan Simms [Accessed 6 September 2010] In May 1994 Simms, then 26, was the subject of a flattering article in The Times which reported that there was 'standing room only' for his lectures on decision making in the Third Reich. It referred to Simms as 'that rare combination: a teacher and a thinker.' The Times reported that Simms 'challenges the view that top Nazis actually believed much of the ideology'. 'His vision of decision making in the Third Reich,' according to the article 'traces many policies of the Holocaust to a grotesque parody of office politics. For Dr Simms it was the competition among favourites around Hitler that drove events.' Catherine Milton, ‘Standing room only for a rarity’, The Times, 31 May 1994 Matthew D'Ancona hailed his "ingenious and disturbing new gloss on the history of the Third Reich", in an article on the Times survey of 22 'superdons'.Matthew D'Ancona, The minds that matter, The Times, 31 May 1994.
Simms's belief that the politics of the Third Reich could only be understood through examining its internal politics, and that this drove its ideology, was rooted in the political philosophy of the late Maurice Cowling, the leading figure in the so called 'Peterhouse Right'. In the entry on Cowling in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Jonathan Parry writes that in his 1963 book The Nature and Limits of Political Science Cowling argued that, 'the political process was far too complex and fluid to be rationalized by theorists, being fully intelligible only to those within the system.' Jonathan Parry, ‘Cowling, Maurice John (1926–2005)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2009; online edn, May 2009 [Accessed 15 Oct 2010] Cowling had adopted a similar approach to Simms in his attempt to understand the reaction to Hitler in Britain. Peter Oborne writes:
[Cowling's] particular scholarly contribution was to take Namier's pessimism about human nature, scepticism about political ideas, and dogmatic insistence that public events could only be explained by reference to narrow personal interest, to their ultimate conclusion. His most important book, The Impact of Hitler, argued in spellbinding detail that the British reaction to the rise of fascism in the 1930s could only be understood in terms of squalid calculations of partisan advantage.Peter Oborne, The Tories must avoid the cult of the celebrity prime minister, Observer, 19 April 2009. 
Another right-wing figure who has influenced Simms is the Nazi apologist Carl Schmitt whom Simms credits with providing him a theoretical inspiration for his book The Impact of Napoleon. Brendan Simms, The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p.xi In The Impact of Napoleon Simms writes that Schmitt ‘was well placed to observe the crucial role played by personal advisors, secretaries and others who monopolised Hitler’s immediate surroundings... [and was] sensitised to the importance of personal antipathy and ambition. Brendan Simms, The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p.15
The Times Higher Educational Supplement reported in 2001, that Simms "lectureship at the Centre for International Studies at Cambridge is funded by BAT; his seminar series on European Security, co-chaired by Paul Cornish, was funded by Lockheed Martin Corporation.Brendan Simms, Strategic Players In Tactical Retreats, Times Higher Educational Supplement, 23 November 2001.
===Yugoslavia===
Simms wrote a pamphlet for the Conservative organisation, the Bow Group, entitled 'Bosnia: why the Americans are right' which was published in November 1994.Debrett’s People of Today, Brendan Simms [Accessed 6 September 2010] He addressed the Croation Writers' Festival in Zagreb in December 1994.Brendan Simms, Bosnia: The Lessons of History? in Thomas Cushman, Stjepan G. Meštrović, eds, This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia, New York University Press, 1996, p.77.
In 1998 he was appointed Newton Sheehy teaching fellow in international relations at the University of Cambridge Centre of International Studies, trustee of the Bosnian Institute in London and a member of the Executive Committee of the British Irish Association. Debrett’s People of Today, Brendan Simms [Accessed 6 September 2010]
In November 2001 Allen Lane published Simms's book Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia, a highly critical account of British (non-interventionist) policy during the Bosnian War. Simms claimed that, 'Britain played a particularly disastrous role in the destruction of Bosnia, more so even than France. Her political leaders became afflicted by a particularly disabling form of conservative pessimism which disposed them not only to reject military intervention themselves but to prevent anybody else, particularly the Americans, from intervening either.' John Phillips, 'British role in Bosnia was its "unfinest hour"', The Times, 20 October 2001; p.20. Writing in The Observer, Nick Cohen called the book 'the best epitaph for the wretched years of the Major administration I've read to date' and complemented Simms's 'attention to telling detail and cool, literate anger'. Nick Cohen, 'Books: Betrayal in the Balkans: Britain's refusal to act in the former Yugoslavia left the Serbs free to butcher thousands of Bosnians', The Observer, 4 November 2001; p.15 Douglas Hurd, who was heavily criticised in the book, wrote that 'From beginning to end Simms has written a polemic... The record, as he tells it, is one-sided from the beginning; offensive epithets are scattered over every page.' Lord Douglas Hurd, 'Book review: Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia: The war we steered clear of', Scotsman, 3 November 2001; p.8 The Financial Times called its 'an indignant account, verging at times on the intemperate'. 'Lest we forget', Financial Times, 17 November 2001; p.4 The Economist wrote:
Every page burns with scorn and indignation. We are told how Mr Hurd and Malcolm Rifkind, then Britain's defence secretary, first formulated a policy of non-intervention at any cost, and how they proceeded to foil every attempt by America and NATO to step in militarily. There follow personalised attacks on David Owen, who mediated in Bosnia, and on General Sir Michael Rose, who led the UN protection force there. Balkan observers in London as well as the British press and parliament are pilloried for flaws of logic, carelessness in formulation, failures of clairvoyance--an odd complaint for a historian--and, more seriously, a collective loss of moral spine. 'Books And Arts: On its head; Britain and Bosnia', The Economist, 17 November 2001; p.114
Despite some reservations over its tone, the book was generally well received by the press and certainly received a great deal of publicity. In 2002 it was nominated for the Samuel Johnson Prize 'In Dr Johnson's memory', Daily Telegraph, 24 June 2002; p.19 and was also listed amongst the Times 100 best books of the year. '100 best books of the year', The Times, 14 July 2002; p.36
In December 2001, Simms linked his critique of British policy in Bosnia to support for the invasion of Afghanistan then underway:
::British policy on Bosnia was clearly an intellectual failure, but it was also a failure of will, unthinkable in the Thatcher decade. As Richard Perle, an American conservative now much in the news and a strong supporter of the Sarajevo government, observed apropos of Bosnia: 'It was nothing like the Thatcher administration. The Major government was a very weak government.'Brendan Simms, HAWKS SAVE LIVES; DOVES DON'T;
The political ghosts of Bosnia were exorcised in Kosovo and are being laid to rest in Afghanistan: Brendan Simms on how the Tory appeasers of the Nineties were proved calamitously wrong, The Spectator, 1 December 2001.
==Views==
===On Kosovo===
::Intervention in the Balkans disproves the notion that American foreign policy, or the variant espoused by neoconservatives, is somehow intrinsically anti-Muslim. If it were not for the United States, those who voted on Saturday would now be refugees or dead. Anybody who knows this will not be surprised that the most Muslim area in Europe, Kosovo, should also be the most pro-American and the most supportive of the War on Terror; there were certainly no “stop the war” protests in Kosovo.Brendan Simms, Kosovo: A Neoconservative Victory, The Times, 27 October 2004.
===On Gaza===
::When the Palestinians exercised their democratic right to vote for Hamas most may have done so to protest against the endemic corruption of the Fatah regime. They may not even have been aware that they were thereby signing up to perpetual warfare, any more than Germans did when they cast their ballots for Adolf Hitler. But they should have known, as neither the Nazis nor Hamas made any attempt to hide their ultimate objectives.
::The Israeli attack on Hamas is thus a legitimate attempt to secure Israel's southern flank in preparation for the showdown with Iran over its nuclear programme, which is expected this year.Brendan Simms, How is it possible to support Israel (over Gaza)? Brendan Simms explains why he remains a staunch defender of Israel and its actions in Gaza, Social Affairs Unit, 20 January 2009.
==Publications==
===Books===
*The Impact of Napoleon: Prussian High Politics, Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Executive, 1797-1806, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
*The Struggle for Mastery in Germany, 1779-1850, Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.
*Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia, Allen Lane, 2002.
*The Hanoverian Dimension in British History, 1714-1837 edited by Brendan Simms and Torsten Riotte, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
*Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714-1783, Allen Lane, 2007.
===Articles===
*Brendan Simms asks, why do British Muslims give the United States no credit for liberating Bosnia and Kosovo?, Social Affairs Unit, 18 August 2005.
*David Cameron's foreign policy: three steps forward, two steps backward - Brendan Simms asks, Is David Cameron returning to the discredited positions of the Major years?, Social Affairs Unit, 25 january 2006.
*Cracked heart of the old world, New Statesman, 14 March 2013.
==Affiliations==
*Henry Jackson Society - President
*Bosnian Institute - Trustee
*Standpoint - Contributor
==External Resources==
*Author Archives: Brendan Simms, Social Affairs Unit.
==Notes==
Simms, Brendan