nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lexicon Terms

==Terms==
===Condition Terms===
====A====
*abrasion 
*accretion 
*acidity
====B====
*blanching
*bleeding 
*blister 
*bloom 
*brittle
*bronze disease
*buckling
*bulge
*burnishing 
====C====
*calendered
*chalking
*chipping
*cleavage 
*craquelure
*cockling 
*color shift
*concretion
*corrosion
*crack
*crackle
*crazing
*crease
*crizzling 
*crocking
*cross-linked
*cupping
*curling
====D====
*delaminating
*deposit
*dent
*devitrification
*discoloration
*disjoin
*distortion
*dry rot
====E====
*efflorescence
*embrittlement
*encrustation
*exfoliating
====F====
*fading
*fixity
*flaking
*foxing 
*fragile
*fraying
*friability
====G====
*gouge (damage)
*grain direction
*grime
====H====
====I====
*infestation
*inherent vice
*iridescence
====J====
====L====
*lifting
*light fastness
*loss
====M====
*machine-made (paper)
*mat burn
*media transfer
*mildew
*mold (biological infestation)
====N====
====O====
*oversewn
*oxidation
====P====
*patina 
*pile reversal
*pitting
*primary support
*pooling
*powdering
====Q====
====R====
*red rot 
*rolled
*rust 
====S====
*scaling
*scrapbook (book binding structure)
*scratch see abrasion
*scuff mark see abrasion
*secondary support
*shading
*shattering
*shrinkage
*silver mirroring
*skinning
*smudge
*solarization
*spall
*spatter
*spew 
*split (damage)
*spontaneous glass breakage
*stain 
*strain cracking
*strike-through
*surface dirt
*sugaring
====T====
*tarnish 
*tear
*tide line
*tin pest
*traction crackle
====U====
====V====
*vinegar syndrome
====W====
*warp (damage)
*watermarking
*wear see abrasion
*weathering
*weeping
====X====
====Y====
====Z====
===Process Terms===
*accelerated aging test
*anoxia
*bleaching
*compensation (restoring)
*consolidation
*deacidification
*degreasing
*disinfection
*dry cleaning
*dry mounting
*drying
*encapsulating
*examination
*facing
*filling
*flattening
*freeze drying
*fumigation
*housing
*humidification
*inpainting
*lining
*mending
*mounting
*overpainting
*poulticing
*preventive conservation/care
*reback
*recase
*resizing
*resewing
*retouching
*reweaving (restoring)
*stabilizing
*stain reduction
*surface cleaning
*tape removal
*tratteggio
*washing
*weighting
*wet cleaning
===Misc. Terms===
*alkaline
*buffer(ed)
*deionized water
*distilled water
*proper left/proper right
*frass
*integrated pest management (IPM)
*pH
*relative humidity
*Archivist
*Collections (Care) Manager
*Collections Care Specialist
*Conservation Administrator
*Conservation Educator
*Conservation Manager
*Conservation Scientist
*Conservation Technician
*Preservation
*Preservation Administrator
*Preservation Specialist
*Restoration
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Category:Lexicon
Category:Damage
Category:Condition Terms
Category:Examination
Lifting

__NOTOC__
Lifting is the separation of one layer from another and occurs most commonly on composite or mixed media objects. When one medium shrinks or expands at a different pace than its substrate, it can lift and separate. Lifting can also be caused by failure of adhesion between a topcoat (such as paint or varnish) and substrate, or the weakening of an adhesive layer.
==Related Terms==
Delaminating, Separation, Shrinkage; Cleave, Heave, Raise.
=== Translation ===
English 	Lifting
French 	Soulèvement
Spanish 	Levantamiento
Portuguese 	
Italian 	
German 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	翹起
==Discussion==
==References==
 
Canadian Conservation Institute Condition Reporting – Paintings. Part III: Glossary – Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 10/1. https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/condition-reporting-paintings-glossary.html
Getty Research Institute Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online. “Lifting.” Last modified 2004. Los Angeles, CA: J. PaulGetty Trust. http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=lifting&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300256571. 
Jewett, D. 1983. A glossary for recording the condition of an artifact. Ottawa : Canadian Heritage Information Network, National Museums of Canada.
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Light fastness

Contributors: Amy Morse
__NOTOC__
Light fastness refers to the degree of resistance to photo-degradation a pigment has on exposure to ultra-violet light and infrared radiation. Pigments in materials are diminished during exposure to these types of light sources and this process is referred to as photo-degradation (Library of Congress, 2010). These materials can range from textiles to bone. 
==Related Terms==
=== Synonyms in English ===
Lightfast, colorfast
=== Translation ===
English 	Light fastness
French 	Résistance à la lumière
Spanish 	Solidez a la luz
Portuguese 	Resistência à luz
Italian 	Solidità alla luce
German 	Lichtechtheit
Russian 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	光穩定性
==Discussion==
The first recorded experiments testing for degrees of lightfastness that are known were made in the 18th century by Dufay (Padfield and Landi 1966, 181).
An object that has light fastness or is lightfast, exhibits minimal photo-degradation of its incorporated pigments on exposure to radiant energy or varying forms of light (Bowman 1983, 36). It is not possible to prevent the loss of pigment completely (Padfield and Landi 1966, 181). Fading is a complex chemical reaction and therefore treatments to enhance light fastness cannot make a material completely immune to fading (Johnston-Feller et al. 1984, 114).
Different types of dyes have varying sensitivities to light exposure and are therefore less lightfast. For instance, studies have shown that natural or vegetation based dyes are more prone to “mellowing” versus the reaction of synthetic colors which “fade” (Padfield and Landi 1966, 181). Nevertheless, the mid-1800s, natural dyes were starting to be replaced by synthetic dyes, which can exhibit a full range of degrees of light fastness from fading very quickly to very stable lifespans (Cristea 2006, 238).
==References==
Bowman, J. G. and B. M. Reagan. 1983. Filtered and Unfiltered Lights and Their Effects on Selected Dyed Textiles. Studies in Conservation 28(1): 36.
Cristea, D. and G. Vilarem. 2006. Improving Light Fastness of Natural Dyes on Cotton Yarn. Dyes and Pigments 70(2006): 238.
Johnston-Feller, R., R. L. Feller, C. W. Bailie and M. Curran. 1984. The Kinetics of Fading: Opaque Paint Films Pigmented with Alzarin Lake and Titanium Dioxide. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 23(2).
Library of Congress. 2010. Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/colors.html.
Padfield, T. and S. Landi. 1966. The Light-Fastness of Natural Dyes. Studies in Conservation 11(4).
Category:Lexicon
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Link to graphs

Below are the graphs showing the answers to the 23-question survey created in August 2023 by the AIC Sustainability Committee Student Sub-Committee. The survey was sent to current students and recent graduates (2020-2027) of the Buffalo State University, Delaware/Winterthur, NYU, Queen’s, and UCLA graduate conservation programs. The aim of the survey was to gauge how emerging professionals perceive environmental, social, and economic sustainability. 
For data scored on a sliding scale of 1 – 10, 1 indicates the least amount of agreement with each statement presented, and 10 indicates the most agreement.
Linking the Environment and Heritage Conservation: Presentations, Tips, and Discussions

__NOTOC__
Back to Sustainable Practices
::* AIC Blog review: 
::* Information on the National Endowment for the Humanities grants for Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections: 
::* Talk given by Braden Allenby, PhD : Sustainability and Heritage Conservation(PowerPoint)
::* Sustainability Benchmarks Extract from article by Megan de Silva and Jane Henderson. 2011. Sustainablity in Conservation Practice. Journal of the Institute of Conservation. 34 (1): 5-15. 
::* Talk given by Jia-Sun Tsang Retrofit of Exhibition Cases to Conservation Standard (PowerPoint); (Abstract) 
::* Talk given by Christian Hernandez; Thinking and Acting Green, A Case Study of the Rehousing of a Collection of Footwear from the Brooklyn Children's Museum Images Text
Loss

__NOTOC__
Irreversible or undesirable change to an object's ideal state. A portion of material or element becomes separated from the whole of the object. Typically noticed when there is an empty space, hole, or damage to a formerly present part of the object. 
thumbnail|right|Loss in a document
==Related Terms==
flaking, exfoliating, scaling
=== Synonyms in English ===
without, damage, destruction, missing
=== Translation ===
English 	loss
French 	perte
Spanish 	perdida
Portuguese 	perda
Italian 	perdita
German 	verlust
Russian 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	缺失
==Discussion==
For traditional conservation purposes, any change to the determined ideal state of the object can be construed as loss. Loss can be identified in all object types, including documents, paintings, stone, wood, ceramics, etc. Typical types of loss include flaking on paintings or missing protrusions on sculptures. 
If anything ever falls or comes off of an object, immediately put in a conservation-appropriate housing for future conservation and mark the folder or bag as a related fragment. Once the missing pieces are lost, it can be impossible to ever find the original piece and put back together again.
==References==
Demeroukas, Marie. 2010 "Condition Reporting." MRM5: Museum Registration Methods 5th Edition. Washington D.C.
Northeast Document Conservation Center https://www.nedcc.org/
Authenticity, Change and Loss in the Conservation of Time-Based Media Installations http://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/06/authenticity-change-and-loss-conservation-of-time-based-media-installations
Vergès-Belmin, V., ed. 2008. Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns. English-French ed., Monuments & Sites no. 15. Paris: ICOMOS and (ISCS) International Scientific Committee for Stone. http://www.icomos.org/publications/monuments_and_sites/15/pdf/Monuments_and_Sites_15_ISCS_Glossary_Stone.pdf 
Category:Lexicon
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Loss compensation

__NOTOC__
Loss compensation is the filling of a loss. It can be used for any medium: from finishes, substrates, to decoration.
 
200px|thumb|right|Loss
compensation of volute in side carving of a stand for an urushi cabinet 
===Related Terms===
reconstruction
=== Synonyms in English ===
repair, fill
=== Translation ===
English 	loss compensation
French 	comblage
Spanish 	
Portuguese	
Italian 	
German 	Ausgleich
Russian 	
Arabic 	
==Discussion==
The Paper Conservation Wiki has pages detailing filling of losses in paper items, as well as parchment.
==References==
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Category:Lexicon
Category: Condition Terms
Category:Paintings
Category:Objects
Category:Wooden Artifacts
Main

Navigate back to Education & Training
The Emerging Conservation Professionals Network (ECPN) works to create and maintain a forum and network for AIC members who are entering the field of conservation. This includes: undergraduate students, pre-program individuals, graduate students, and conservators with fewer than seven years experience including graduate school or other training. ECPN also encourages participation from established conservators and allied professionals. This page includes some of the resources developed for emerging conservation professionals. 
To learn more about ECPN:
* The formal charge and structure of ECPN and list of current officers is found on the Network’s page on the AIC website, as well as our current ECPN flier.
* poster presented by ECPN at ICOM-CC 2014 explains the projects and demographics of the Network. 
* Blog posts written by ECPN can be found on the AIC blog by entering “ECPN” in the search box or by clicking this link.
* For more information on how to get involved with ECPN, visit the Emerging page in Careers in Conservation on the AIC website.
== Getting Started in Your Career ==
=== Conservation Education and Training ===
AIC's Guide to Conservation Education and Training describes options for training to become a conservator with a focus on the North American graduate programs and post-graduate opportunities.
Association of North American Graduate Programs in the Conservation of Cultural Property
=== Internships and Fellowships ===
=== Choosing a Specialty ===
== Sharing Your Work ==
=== Portfolios ===
=== Research and Publishing ===
== Connecting with Conservators ==
=== Networking ===
=== Outreach and Advocacy ===
=== Mentoring Program ===
== Getting out on Your Own ==
=== Private Practice ===
=== Funding ===
Mat burn

__NOTOC__
A stain typically on paper, caused by prolonged exposure with an acidic mat board. Mat burn tends to have a darkening effect around where the window was creating a kind of framing effect. 
==Related Terms==
stain; acidic
=== Synonyms in English ===
mat stain
=== Translation ===
English 	mat burn
French 	
Spanish 	
Portuguese 	
Italian 	
German 	
Russian 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	夾裱漬痕
==Discussion==
Mat burn creates a darkening edging around where the window of the mat was, but can also darken any area in contact with an acidic mat. Poor quality mats are created from paper with heavy wood pulp content, which is chemically unstable and acidic. As the mat ages, the wood pulp decomposes, releasing acid which migrates to absorbent paper below. 
Displaying and storing works in archival quality mats containing no wood pulp can mitigate this kind of damage. 
==References==
Ellis, Margaret H. 1995. The Care of Prints. Altamira Press. ISBN 9780761991366
Mat Burn. AICCM. Visual Glossary. http://www.aiccm.org.au/visual-glossary (accessed 16 March, 2014).
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Category: Condition Terms
Category:Paper
Materials Tested List test

Back to Sspringer
Back to the Main Catalogs Page
Back to the Oddy Tests: Materials Databases page 
==Disclaimer==
Add text here.
Maybe we should add a column for reason for failure/observation.
Or maybe this can be on the photo caption?
==Exhibition Fabrics==
Material Name 	Manufacturer/ Supplier	Test Results 	Date tested yyyy/mm/dd	Tester	Comments 	Color 	Description/ Composition 	Use
Country Cream Ultrasuede Soft	Toray Ultrasuede 	PASS, not in contact	2012/09/21 	CMA 	fabric not washed 	Country Cream	65% polyester ultra-microfiber non-woven with 35% non-fibrous polyurethane binder	cover display surfaces inside case
Ultra 122 	Creation Baumann 	FAIL 	2012/09/21 	CMA 	fabric not washed 	White 	plain weave cotton (est.) 	cover display surfaces inside case
Ultra IV 121 	Creation Baumann 	FAIL 	2012/09/21 	CMA 	fabric not washed 	White 	plain weave cotton (est.) 	cover display interior case surfaces
Ultra IV 401 	Creation Baumann 	PASS 	2013/03/08 	CMA 	fabric washed, no detergent 	Grey 	plain weave 100% cotton 	cover display interior case surfaces
Ultra IV 404 	Creation Baumann 	PASS 	2013/03/08 	CMA 	fabric washed, no detergent	Grey 	plain weave 100% cotton 	cover display interior case surfaces
Ultra IV 406 	Creation Baumann 	FAIL 	2013/03/08 	CMA 	fabric not washed 	White 	plain weave cotton (est.) 	cover display interior case surfaces
==List of Manufacturers==
* TORAY Ultrasuede
* Creation Baumann
Materials analyzed in 2019 - 2020

==Round Robin testing of materials by the Materials Working Group==
The goal of this work, conducted by members of AIC's Materials Working Group (MWG) Testing & Standards group starting in 2018, was to analyze a series of materials at several museums to see if a consistent result could be achieved at every location. The reason for the goal is to make sure every workplace can follow the same guidelines and obtain the same result.
===The materials tested in the 2019 and 2020 Round Robins===
*Buffered paper: University Products Perma/Cor E-Flute corrugated board 612-00180E
*Davey Board Red Label #18 from Colophon Book Arts Supply
*Komacel PVC board from Kommerling
*Komatex 2210 PVC board from Kommerling
*3M 3762Q Hot Melt Adhesive
*3M 3764Q Hot Melt Adhesive
*Dow Corning – Clear 3145 RTV MIL-A-46146 Adhesive Sealant (neutral cure silicone)
*Additional materials as needed for individual tests to act as controls
:*pH tests: acidic, neutral, alkaline, newsprint, and archival papers
:*Sulfur test: wool fibers (positive); cotton fibers (negative)
:*Chlorine test: PVC film (positive); Mylar polyester film (negative)
===Participants in the 2019 and/or 2020 Round Robin===
*Metropolitan Museum of Art
*Winterthur Museum
*University of Torino
*Library of Congress
*National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution
*Yale IPCH
*Dallas Museum of Art
*National Gallery of Art
*American Museum of Natural History
*Butler University/Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields
*National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
*The Cleveland Museum of Art
*Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
*The British Museum
*English Heritage
*Rochester Institute of Technology
*Historic Royal Palaces
*The Natural History Museum (London, UK)
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Category:Materials
Category:Testing
Materials and Treatment

Back to the AIC Wiki Main Page 
The information presented in the Materials and Treatment section of this wiki is drawn from sources created by the AIC Specialty Groups (SGs). Several of the Specialty Groups had "AIC Conservation Catalogs," compendia of working knowledge on materials and techniques used to preserve and treat works of art and historic artifacts. The series, begun in 1985 in print format and still in active development, was intended to be updated on an ongoing basis as techniques, technologies, and modes of practice evolve. Placing this content on the AIC wiki platform allows for easy and timely collaborative editing and also provide much broader access to these resources, ensuring that innovative methods and materials are documented and widely disseminated to practicing conservators and conservation scientists. Other groups have documented their knowledge bases directly on this wiki platform. Each section of the wiki may have a different organizational structure and while there is an overall template for many entries, these have been modified to meet the needs of each group. 
You can access the materials and treatment sections by clicking on the links below or choosing the appropriate specialty group from the navigation bar on the left. 
*Architecture
*Archaeological Conservation
*Book & Paper
*Electronic Media 
*Objects
*Paintings
*Photographic Materials
*Textiles
*Wooden Artifacts
Category:Materials and Treatment
Mental Health

Back to Health & Safety
---- 
Health & Safety Network Conservation Wiki Copyright: . The Health & Safety Wiki pages are a publication of the Health & Safety Network of the American Institute for Conservation. Some of the information included on this wiki may be out of date, particularly with regard to toxicological data and regulatory standards. Also, because new information on safety issues is continually published, resources outside of AIC should be consulted for more specific information. <Br>
<Small>Contributors: Kerith Koss Schrager, Stephanie Black, Sue Costello</small>
----
Examples of Government, Professional Association, Medical, Employer, and Small Business Mental Health Frameworks and Resources:
The Mental Health Movement in the Workplace (National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)) https://www.nami.org/stigma/the-mental-health-movement-in-the-workplace/
Workplace Stress - Overview (Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): https://www.osha.gov/workplace-stress
Workplace Mental Health (CA State Mental Health Services Oversight and Accountability Services): https://mhsoac.ca.gov/initiatives/workplace-mental-health/
Workplace Well-Being (US Surgeon General) https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/workplace-well-being/ 
Supporting the Mental Health of Museum Staff (American Alliance of Museums (AAM)) https://www.aam-us.org/2023/04/12/supporting-the-mental-health-of-museum-staff/ 
Mental Health in the Workplace: Tips for Supporting Workers’ Mental Well-being (American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)): https://synergist.aiha.org/202110-mental-health
Mental health at work (World Health Organization (WHO)) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-at-work
Supporting museum staff in a trauma infused world https://www.museumnext.com/article/supporting-museum-staff-in-a-trauma-infused-world/
The Student Mental Health Landscape: Mental Health Challenges, Evolving Preferences, And The Need For More Support (Wiley) https://www.wiley.com/en-us/network/trending-stories/the-student-mental-health-landscape 
Prioritizing Mental Health: Small Business Tips & Resources https://www.thryv.com/blog/mental-health-small-business/
Job burnout: How to spot it and take action (Mayo Clinic): https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/burnout/art-20046642
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Category:Health & Safety
Mildew

Contributors: Alex Garcia-Putnam
__NOTOC__
Mildew is a thin surface film of fungal growth that thrives in humid environments, and can be damaging to organic materials.
==Related Terms==
Mold
=== Synonyms in English ===
Mold
=== Translation ===
English 	mildew
French 	
Spanish 	
Portuguese	
Italian 	
German 	
Russian 	
Arabic 	
==Discussion==
Mildew, a thin film of fungal growth, is particularly deleterious to textiles and other organic materials. Mildew, often called mold, thrives in humid environments, and is a common problem in conservation. Mildew is not particularly harmful to metal and siliceous materials.
The use of simple cleaning agents and biocides can easily protect against mildew; also refrigeration is a simple tactic to combat mildew (Hamilton 1999).
Dehumidifiers, fans and proper climate control can inhibit the start of mildew growth once an artifact is in storage. Mildew is easily cleaned and managed with proper storage techniques. Textiles are often the most effected by mildew in a conservation setting; usually improper storage and handling are the cause of such growth (AIC 2013).
Another unpleasant attribute of mildew is the odor it can give off, and conservators must also combat this (AIC 2013). Mildew, left untreated can weaken or do damage to organic artifacts, but can, in its early stages, be treated easily with the methods mentioned above. The best course of action is proper storage, not allowing mildew growth to start in the first place.
Objects from buried or maritime environments will not have mildew in situ, as the fungus needs oxygen to thrive. Architectural features and surface finds may have mildew growth in the field, and will need to be mechanically and potentially chemically treated to remove and stop the growth. Generally mildew is a problem once out of the field and into the laboratory and storage facility.
==References==
 Hamilton. D. 1999. Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater sites, pp. 605. 
 AIC. 2013. ). http://www.conservation-us.org/about-us/core-documents/code-of-ethics#.UvKL_v1ATwI.
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Category: Mold/Fungi