Type 2 phaser

A type-2 phaser or phaser pistol was a typical handheld directed-energy phaser sidearm used by Starfleet and United Federation of Planets personnel during the 23rd, 24th, and 29th centuries. In Starfleet, it was standard issue for landing parties (away teams) and officers aboard the ship.
More powerful and generally larger in size than the type 1 phaser, type 2 phasers were kept aboard Starfleet and Federation starships, starbases, space stations, and at planetary facilities.
== General specifications ==
A descendant of the EM weapons and phase-pistols of the 22nd century, the type 2 phaser was introduced before the mid-23rd century and was standard issue aboard Starfleet vessels by the 2260s. Since their introduction to Starfleet personnel, several models and makes have been produced.
Utilized primarily in defensive situations, the phaser type-2 had several applications, from use as a weapon to use as a cutting tool, explosive device, or energy source. Storing considerable energy, most phasers were distinguished by a roughly pistol or gun-type configuration, firing a focused energy discharge in the form of a beam or steady stream. ()
== Models and variations ==
=== 22nd century ===
Type 2 phaser design heritage began somewhere around the early 2160s prior to the invention of phaser technology. Phaser technology was developed with "phase" weapons, in combination with the later "laser" technology used after. 
===== Phase Pistols =====
Directed energy "Phase" weapons were a very primitive version of phasers from before the formation of the Federation. Phase technology saw major use in the United Earth Starfleet during the Earth-Romulan war but was later dropped in favor of more traditional laser technology. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II")
===== Laser Technology =====
As phase technology and weapons fell behind, Lasers were adopted as the main weapons of Starfleet. Traditional lasers offered more reliability because it had been around for centuries prior, despite being less flexible. Laser technology was readopted and used from just after the formation of the Federation until shortly before 2256. At this point it was that phase technology had caught up with major advances, now becoming known as "phaser" technology, and lasers were discontinued. (; )
=== 23rd century ===
===== 2250s =====
Federation Starfleet Phaser pistols were introduced as small arms for officers in the late Starfleet 23rd century due to improvements in experimental phaser technology and how it was more flexible than laser and phase technology that came before it. Type 2 phasers were subsequently designed, tested, and became standard issue for officers aboard Federation starships shortly before the Federation-Klingon War of 2256. (; ; ).
When entering service in the late 2250s and following into the 2260s, Federation type 2 phasers were characterized by a gun-like appearance and initially followed the design concept of its predecessor, in that they In addition to that the models in 2250s and 2260s featured identifiable barrel and trigger structures. Just like its predecessor, the initial phaser pistol design of the 2250s had 3 main emitters on the muzzle, changing between the 3 would expand or shrink the shot size. The initial type 2 phaser pistol design had just two main settings, stun and kill, that allowed the weapon to shoot a yellow bolt of nadion particles. (DSC: "A Vulcan Hello"; SNW: "Strange New Worlds"; TOS: "The Man Trap")
While based on the laser pistol design heritage and appearance, type-2 phasers major differences that were not in the laser pistol design. The most notable was the newly developed type-1 hand phaser being mounted on top of the weapon, due to the new modular design of type 2 phasers. Another change was that phaser pistols now came with a new elongated handle that held a power pack, capable of being quickly swapped out and "reloaded". (; ) 
===== 2259 redesign and early 2260s version =====
In 2259, Starfleet upgraded the phaser pistol design. It was now sleeker overall, along with its type 1 phaser companion sitting on top. The three emitters at the muzzle were merged into one simplifying the use, with the emitter able to be turned to adjust the shot width in a more controllable fashion, the muzzle now shooting a red colored bolt. The colors of the weapon had changed from black and gold, to a gray body with silver accents and gold in a few select places. The type 1 phaser sitting on top remained place but had its gold accents replaced with silver as well. These phasers had more controllable power settings, allowing for lighter stuns that could only hurt for a minute or two. (SNW: "Strange New Worlds", "Spock Amok") 
===== late 2260s =====
Another redesign of the type 2 phaser happened in 2265. The design overall was nearly identical to the Type-2 phaser; however, the design was simplified way more changing the shape ever so slightly while keeping its same basic look of the early 2260s. Phaser pistols of this period were, like later models, capable of power adjustment, just on a more controllable scale. Now able to fire both beams and bolts, intensity and even speed and motion could be altered, depending on the intended function. They could now be utilized to produce a cutting beam, capable of slicing through a bulkhead, or to generate a phaser "spread". The energy from a 2260s model could also be drained (a process which took several hours) and used as a power source. The energy from six phasers was capable of launching a small vessel or shuttlecraft into an unsustainable orbit around a planet for several hours. Adjustments to the power setting could be made by a small knob at the rear of the device and one on the front of the left side, while beam and bolt width could still be adjusted turning the emitter on the front. (; ). When overloaded, a 2260s type 2 phaser had the capacity to destroy a significant portion of a starship. () 
In the late 2260s, phaser technology advancements made them capable of firing an energy beam with a heat emission of eight thousand degrees centigrade. () 
The destructive power of the type 2 phaser of this era has been measured in thousands of lives, when large numbers of Yangs were killed on the planet Omega IV in 2268. Proconsul , of planet 892-IV's equivalent of the Roman Empire, noted that 100 men armed with hand phasers could "defeat the combined armies of Rome." At its maximum setting, it could disintegrate an object up to the size of an average humanoid. Trelane once observed that, in his opinion, a type 2 phaser "could kill millions". ()
===== latter 23rd century =====
Starfleet phaser pistol design entered a new era in the 2270s, with the design undergoing significant changes that took it away from the initial design of the laser pistol. The body was changed and no longer looked as like the pistol of Earth's days long past, now much more different. The hand phaser sitting on top was moved inside, which all future iterations would usually follow, despite the occasional outlier where a design would again have it on top. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture; )
During the period ranging between the late 2270s and the early 2290s, at least three type-2 phaser variants were put into service aboard Federation starships and space stations.
Consisting of single-piece and phaser type-1 and type-2 combination units, most phasers of this time were characterized by a dark-gray coloration, some with a number of control buttons allowing adjustments to be made for the desired effect.
Functioning similarly to the 2260s-style type-2 phaser, the phaser models of this period were powerful enough to vaporize targets up to the size of an average humanoid and could throw a stunned individual several feet in certain circumstances. (; )
By 2287, type-2 phasers had become sleek, black models with removable clips at the handle. They were stowed in equipment lockers aboard Federation starships and shuttlecraft, though they would trigger an alarm if fired at certain settings. A phaser of this design, fired on stun at close range, was lethal. (; )
Karnas of Mordan IV displayed several weapons on a wall behind his desk in 2364. Among them were two phasers, one a Starfleet type-2 phaser. ()
Phasers of this type remained in sporadic use into the 24th century; Dirgo carried several 23rd century type-2 phasers aboard his shuttle in 2367. ()
=== 23rd century (alternate reality) ===
In the alternate reality created in 2233 by Nero, the alternate 2258 version of the type-2 phaser became silver, albeit with a body reminiscent of the original design, with a rotating barrel for switching between stun and settings. ()
File:Philippa Georgiou in tactical gear.jpg|A type 2 phaser in 2256
File:Type 2 phaser, 2259.jpg|A type 2 phaser in 2259
File:Type 2 phaser, TOS.jpg|A type 2 phaser in 2269
File:Kirk firing type 2 phaser, 2266.jpg|Precision firing a type 2 phaser using the flip-up sight
File:Type 2 phaser, 2285.jpg|A type 2 phaser in 2285
File:Uhura with phaser, 2285.jpg|A type-2 with type-1 attached in 2285
File:Type 2 phaser, ST6.jpg|A type 2 phaser in 2287 – 2293
File:Type 2 phaser settings, alternate reality.jpg|Kill and stun settings on the alternate reality phaser pistol, 2258
File:Phaser, 2260s.jpg|A phaser in 2263 of the alternate reality
File:Karnas weapons.jpg|Two phasers displayed behind Karnas
===24th century and beyond===
By the 2360s, the type 2 phaser had evolved past the pistol-like configuration, becoming a sleek, silver-colored device with a handle flowing into the form of a muzzle cowling and emitter.
With two small buttons for beam width and intensity control and a large one to fire the device, the phaser type-2 of this period featured a large, illuminated power level readout. The phaser of this time retained the functionality of the previous designs, but increased the power and versatility. Like their predecessors, these units could be adjusted for use as cutting tools or power sources. They could also be set to overload, becoming a powerful explosive device. ()
In 16th century terms, the hologram warned Kathryn Janeway of the phaser he had in his possession, "Be careful! They have found a way to harness the energy of a thunderstorm and to expel it with great force. A pistol that shoots not a lead ball but a bolt of lightning." ()
By the 29th century, Starfleet utilized pistol-style phasers again. ()
In the 32nd century a 24th century type-2 phaser was seen in a scrapyard. ()
The type-2 phasers of the 24th century were capable of achieving sixteen settings, ranging from mild stun to disintegration. They were as follows:
*Level one: lowest setting. According to Starfleet regulations, all phasers must be stored at this setting. Possesses enough force to break large urns. (; )
*Level seven: Capable of vaporizing noranium carbide alloy. ()
*Level ten: Kill setting, capable of killing a biological organism. ()
* Level sixteen: Capable of vaporizing rock, to widen an opening in a lava tube partially blocked by rubble, or blowing large holes in walls. ()
In addition to variable power settings, type-2s could be set for a narrow (affecting a single target) or "wide" beam (affecting two or more targets over a certain area). The frequency of the beam may also be adjusted to make it more effective against certain types of shields and/or force fields. (; ) Type-2 phasers could also cause severe to deadly phaser burns. ()
File:Type 2 phaser, 2364.jpg|A type 2 phaser circa 2364
File:Type 2 phaser, 2360s.jpg|A type 2 phaser circa 2366
File:Type 2 phaser, 2369.jpg|A type 2 phaser (without setting indicators) circa 2369
File:Type 2 phaser, 2370s.jpg|A type 2 phaser circa 2373
File:Type 2 phaser, 2379.jpg|The inner workings of a type-2 in 2379
File:Phaser Rifle storage, circa 2379.jpg|Type-2 and type-3 phasers in a weapons locker circa 2379
File: Phaser Rifle Armory, circa 2401.jpg|Type-2 and type-3 phasers in an armory circa 2401
File:Type 2 phaser, 29th century.png|A 29th century Starfleet phaser pistol
File:Type 2 phaser, 32nd century.jpg|A 32nd century Starfleet phaser pistol
==Appendices==
=== Background information ===
Although this type of phaser was visually introduced as early as TOS Season 1, and the first season TOS episode had dialogue mentioning 'phaser 2' and 'phaser number 2', the term "type 2 phaser" was not officially associated with this weapon until the TNG Season 6 episode (the term was later also used in the VOY Season 3 installment ).
In an ultimately omitted scene extension from the script of , Spock gave Captain Kirk a phaser just before Kirk left the bridge of the in order to search the ship for Benjamin Finney, who Spock speculated might already be armed. Though Kirk checked the phaser and started to make an adjustment on it, Spock notified him the weapon was already on the stun setting. Kirk then thanked Spock for the weapon. In the final edit of the episode, the subsequent scene shows Kirk carrying a type-2 phaser through a corridor, with no indication as to how he obtained the weapon.
Although never shown on-screen, production illustrations suggest that the type-2 phaser used in had removable type-1 components, like the model used in and the model used in . The design of the "assault phaser" from and also included a removable type-1, located beneath the cowling.
Ed Miarecki has that the TNG type-2 from season 1 was nicknamed the "dustbuster".
As shown in the It's A Wrap! sale and auction, a number of type-2 phasers created were intended for background purposes only, and thus were made out of foam and molded directly into their holsters. One was sold in week five of the auction for US$425.00. A phaser holster for this type was also sold off. 
In , the barrel sides of the sidearm phasers are flat, similar to the phasers seen in Star Trek: The Motion Picture and Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Also, both barrels shoot blue bolts and deal no physical damage, while the setting is instead shown by the barrel tips being colored blue and red. In addition, there is a second version of the sidearm that is bunker, completely metallic and without coloring, and without double-sided barrels.
Type-2 phasers from TNG Season 3 were also seen in the Warner Bros. Picture Stay Tuned. The assault phaser from Star Trek V: The Final Frontier and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country is additionally seen in the MadTV skit The Captain Kirk Show.
==== Design ====
The 2269 phaser used frequently on was designed by Matt Jefferies. (Star Trek Sticker Book, pg. 15)
The type-2 phasers in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock were designed by Bill George. (text commentary, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (Special Edition) DVD special features)
The phaser used in and was designed by Greg Jein. (Star Trek Sticker Book, pg. 15)
For TNG, the type-2 phaser was intentionally differentiated from the style used in TOS. In a interview, Rick Sternbach explained, "We've gotten away from the pistol look of the handheld phasers. We have based the new design on the fact that there are many ways for the Human hand to grip one." ( issue #125, p. 48) Sternbach included a complete version of the TNG design of type-2 phaser in a series of sketches which were dated and which he prepared for construction bidders interested in building the props required for the show. ()
New phaser designs for TNG Season 3 were submitted by Rick Sternbach, for what is essentially a prelude to the phaser rifle, whose concept art described "phaser II extension: riot gun". Notes regarding the design included: "Fires compact plasma toroids at 50,000-150,000 m/sec muzzle velocity. Developed for use against Borgs or other forms which reflect/absorb phaser energy." (Star Trek: The Next Generation - The Continuing Mission, p. 97)
The sleeker phaser introduced in 2372 for the fourth season of and the second season of was designed by Alan Sims. (Star Trek Sticker Book, pg. 15)
The alternate reality type-2 phaser seen in was fabricated by Ken Palkow. 
The style of Starfleet hand phaser used in was based on the TOS hand phaser but was given a "tougher" appearance because the show's creative staff wanted the resultant prop to indicate a more militaristic functionality. The phasers were produced and painted in Los Angeles, California, and were 3D printed. ("Star Trek Exhibition" at screening, Millbank Tower, London, UK, ) One of these phasers was featured at in Blackpool, UK, and is now on a world tour. On 26 February 2018, the specifications for this style of type-2 phaser were revealed at the official Star Trek: Discovery Twitter account, which identified this design of phaser as the "Type Two, Mk. II". 
===Apocrypha===
The Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual describes phasers operating on a "modified version of the rapid nadion effect" which "produce a pulsed protonic charge."
The Ninth UK Story Arc suggests that the version of this phaser, in use in the 2260s, did not function when submerged in liquid.
In the Vendetta, it is stated that a type-2 phaser has enough power for ten shots at setting level sixteen. Also, every time the phaser is fired at level sixteen, there is an automatic six-second cool-down period; otherwise, the phaser will overheat and possibly explode.
In Star Trek Online, Starfleet had deployed many different variants of the type-2 phaser by 2409 for the war against the Klingons.
===External link===
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cs:Phaser typ II
de:Phaser Typ 2
ja:タイプ2・フェイザー
Phaser, Type-02
Type 02
Category:Directed energy weapons