nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Prado

= Museo Nacional del Prado - Madrid (Prado National Museum - Madrid) =
The main objective of the Museo del Prado is to accomplish the following purposes:
- Guarantee the protection, conservation as well as encouraging the enrichment and improvement of the Spanish Heritage related to the Museum.
- Exhibit the Collection in accurate conditions in order to allow its enjoyment and study.
- Foster and guarantee access to the collection. Provide the study of collections to researchers. Boost knowledge and promotion of the Museum's works of art and heritage supporting educational programs and cultural disclosure activities.
- Develop research programs as well as training programs to professionals. Organize temporary exhibitions in collaboration with other museums, universities and/or cultural institutions in a mutual compromise just to achieve the exhibition's purpose. Encourage partnership with institutions within or closely linked to the Public Administration, paying attention to those with a high approach and profile in the museum field.
- Offer services of counseling, researching, scientific or technical reporting, to State General Administration's bodies if required, or if related with agreements or contracts granted to both public and private entities or individuals, as long as it complains with previously settled conditions and requirements
Web Address 	https://www.museodelprado.es/
Postal Address 	Museo Nacional del Prado
Calle Ruiz de Alarcón 23
28014 MADRID (Spain)
Phone 	+34 91 330 2800
Contact 	museo.nacional@museodelprado.es
Information Online	Collections
Exhibitions
Education
Research
Pradomedia
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / Conservation / Training
Website Languages 	Spanish
English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
Category:Directory
Praseodymium

== Description ==
A rare earth, metallic element. Praseodymium has an abundance on 6-9 ppm in the earth's crust. It is found in rare earth minerals, i.e. monazite, cerite and allonite. Praseodymium is a soft, yellowish metal that tarnishes readily in moist air to form green salts. Its salts are used as a colorants in glazes and glasses and as a components in phosphors and lasers. A zircon/praseodymium yellow is used as a stable yellow colorant up to 1280 C.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pr
== Risks ==
* Sensitive to air and moisture. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Pr (atomic no. 59)
CAS 	7440-10-0
Melting Point 	930 C
Density 	6.78-6.81 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 140.9077
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 178
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7891
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
Category:Materials database
Prasiolite

== Description ==
A rare, green transparent quartz that contains small amounts of hydrated nickel silicate. Prasiolite is a rare stone in nature, but can sometimes be formed by the heat treatment of amethyst. It is sometimes confused with chrysoprase, which is more translucent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vermarine; lime citrine; praseolite quartz; prase; chert 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
 
* Trigonal crystal system. Low birefringence. Low thermal expansion. 
* Fracture = conchoidal 
* Luster = vitreous 
* Streak = colorless to white
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Pleochroism = weak
Mohs Hardness 	7.0
Density 	2.65-2.66 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.544; 1.553
Birefringence 	0.009
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016. (Praseolite quartz)
* Wikipedia: Prasiolite (Accessed Dec 2022)
Category:Materials database
Precast concrete

== Description ==
A slab of concrete, cast and hardened prior to being connected to a structure. First used about 1920, architectural precast concrete became a popular building material in the 1950s and is still commonly used. Panels as large as 20 to 60 square feet and 2-4 inches thick have been precast for building exteriors. Because precast concrete provides more uniformity and color control, panels can be given any finish, shape, color or texture required to produce a finished effect. The panels are typically cast faced down, pneumatically vibrated then reinforced with galvanized welded mesh. Casting and curing normally takes 7 days after which surface finishing and polishing can be done.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
béton précontraint (Fr.); betão pré-fabricado (Port.);
Brand names: Mo-Sai; Schokbeton; Dextone
==Resources and Citations==
* Sidney Freedman, "Architectural Precast Concrete", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
Category:Materials database
PresRes

= Preservation Resources =
"In 1985, five mid-Atlantic research libraries formed the executive board for the Mid-Atlantic Preservation Service (MAPS) to develop and test operating strategies for producing superior preservation microfilm in a high-production environment. The board for MAPS consisted of Columbia University Libraries, Cornell University Library, Princeton University Library, New York State Library, and the New York Public Library. In 1990, OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. assumed management control of MAPS, furnishing the infrastructure needed to support expanding services. In January 1994, MAPS became a division of OCLC, and changed its name to Preservation Resources. The name change reflected the evolution of the organization and reiterated its ongoing commitment to providing a broad array of high-quality preservation services, with the goal of preserving and furthering access to research materials. In 1995, Preservation Resources added digital microfilm scanning to its preservation-related services. " (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.oclc.org/oclc/presres/
Postal Address 	Preservation Resources
Nine South Commerce Way
Bethlehem, PA 18017-8916USA
Phone 	+1 610 758 8700+1 800 773 7222 (USA/Can)
Fax 	+1 610 758 9700
Contact 	presres@oclc.org
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Conferences / seminars
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	English
Category:Directory
Preserv'Art

= Preserv'Art =
"Preserv'Art was developed by the Centre de conservation du Qubec (CCQ). It is an interactive database on products and equipment used in preventive conservation for the protection of works of art, artifacts and archival documents during an exhibition, transit or storage. The Preserv'Art database collates within files, pertinent information found in scientific and commercial publications. It combines this data with the practical input of various specialists from the conservation field, thus providing useful information on the applications and uses of the various products listed. Preserv'Art will help users of the database make informed choices on the appropriate products to use." (from website)
Web Address 	http://preservart.ccq.gouv.qc.ca
Postal Address 	Centre de conservation du Qubec
Contact 	
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Technical information
Books / brochures / articles
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	General
Technical info
Website Languages 	English
French
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
Category:Directory: Technical info
Preservative

== Description ==
A nonvolative chemical added to a paint or adhesive mixture to prevent fermentation and mold growth. The list of preservatives include: phenyl mercuric naphthol, sodium ortho-phenyl phenate, sodium trichlorophenate, bleach, boric acid, borax ethylparaben, formalin, magnesium silicogluoride, methylparaben, naphthol, oil of cloves, mercuric chloride, phenol, phenylmercuric chloride, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, sodium fluoride, sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenate, thymol, zinc chloride, zinc naphthenate (McCAnn 1979)
== Risks ==
* Most preservatives are toxic by ingestion
* Many are toxic through skin absorption
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 635
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Preserve & Protect

"A not-for-profit corporation providing space on the World Wide Web for Historic Preservation and Environmental Protection Organizations." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.preserve.org/
Contact 	webmaster@preserve.org
Information Online	Technical information
Books / brochures / articles
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Non-profit organization
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Has Historic Preservation calendar of workshopsCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Non-profit organization
Preservenet

= Preservenet =
"PreserveNet is designed to provide preservationists with a comprehensive database of regularly updated internet resources and current professional opportunities. Established in 1994 by Cornell University's Michael Tomlan and Bob Pick, ..... (and) updated and expanded in 2001, PreserveNet continues to utilize the many internet resources of various preservation organizations and maintains a current listing of professional and educational opportunities." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.preservenet.cornell.edu
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Grants / funding
Archived information
Job openings
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
clearinghouse for numerous links- contains programs of events, directories of training organisations in the USA, links to other relevant sites, job vacancies, preservation products and services.Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
Pressboard

== Description ==
A thin, but stiff and strong, smooth-surface paper board. Pressboard is used to binders, report covers, and tablet backs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
solid board; fiberboard; paperboard; pressing board (Br.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Pressed glass

== Description ==
An inexpensive glassware prepared by pressing molten glass into a mold with a plunger. Pressed glass became popular in the 19th century after the development of a glass-pressing machine in 1825 by John P. Bakewell led to mass production. Until the mid 1860s, most pressed glass was made from high-quality flint glass; after that point, less expensive soda glass was used.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
geperst glas (Ned.); vidro prensado (Port.)
== Additional Images ==
File:Salt dish-SC42566.jpg|Salt dish MFA# 65.609
File:66.1090-SC41993.jpg|Cup Plate MFA# 66.1090
File:Oil lamp-SC41837.jpg|Whale oil lampMFA# 1978.747
File:Yellow glass-SC41918 (1).jpg|Canary yellow candlestickMFA# 1982.641
File:Glass decanter-SC42261.jpg|Glass decanterMFA# 1978.1252
File:Pressed glass-SC41903.jpg|Sauce dishMFA# 1979.713
== Resources and Citations ==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Pressed Glass. Accessed April 29, 2004.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Pressure

== Description ==
The force per unit area on a surface. Pressure is a measurement of the force in an orthogonal direction to the surface. The SI unit of pressure is pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square metre (N·m-2 or kg·m-1·s-2). Many former pressure measurements still exist, such as atmospheres (atm, for air pressures), bar (for air pressure), millimeters of mercury (mm of Hg, for air and liquid pressures), and kip (pound per square inch).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tlak (Ces.); tryk (Dan.); Druck (Deut.); presión (Esp.); pression (Fr.); pressione(It.); druk (Ned.); trykk (Nor.); ciśnienie (Pol.); pressão (Port.); tryck (Sven.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure (accessed Mar. 2006)
Category:Materials database
Pressure mount

==Description== 
A term used to describe a component or device fixed into place with pressure (i.e. applied force) as opposed to other mounting techniques such as adhesives, screws, magnets, or cradles.
==Resources and Citations==
* C.Giuntini, D.Bede "The Conservation of a Group of Paracas Mantles" in La Conservation Des Textiles Anciens, conference proceedings from Angers, France, Oct 1994.
Category:Materials database
Pressure sensitive adhesive

== Description ==
A self-stick adhesive commonly used on tapes, labels, and stamps. Pressure sensitive adhesives bond to another surface with slight pressure. They do not require solvent evaporation or a chemical reaction in order to bond. Rubber-based pressure sensitive tapes were introduced by Horace Day in 1845 for use in medicine (Bemmels 1977). Automobile manufacturers began using masking tapes in 1925. Cellophane tapes were introduced by 3M in 1930. Since that time, self-stick adhesives have been applied to cloth, paper, film, foil, and foam substrates. Pressure sensitive adhesives are made from either natural rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylic, polyvinylalkyl ether, or silicone formulations. They commonly contain additives such as tackifiers, plasticizers, fillers, and antioxidants.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pressure-sensitive adhesives; PSA; adhesivo sensible a la presión (Esp.); adesivo sensibile alla pressione (It.)
== Risks ==
* May leave a residue or stain.
==Resources and Citations==
* Adhesive Magazine: Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (Accessed March 2023)
* C.W.Bemmels, "Pressure-Sensitive Tapes and Labels" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.724-735.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 16
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "adhesive" [Accessed February 12, 2002].
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Pressure sensitive tape

== Description ==
Any of several types of commercially available strips laminated with a thin adhesive layer such that it will adhere when pressed lightly to a surface. Pressure sensitive tapes were first developed in 1845 by Dr. Horace Day using a natural rubber adhesive on strips of cloth (Smith et al 1984). The substrate may be cloth, paper, cellophane, cellulose acetate, or other synthetic polymer. See also Archival Aids tape, Scotch Magic tape, masking tape, cellophane tape, linen tape, and paper tape.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pressure-sensitive tape (AAT preferred); sticky tape; ruban adhésif (Fr.); bande adhésive (Fr.); mending tape
==Resources and Citations==
* M. A. Smith, N. M. M. Jones, S. L. Page, & M. P. Dirda, "Pressure Sensitive Tape and Techniques for its Removal from Paper", JAIC 1984, 23(2), pp. 101-113. Link
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Francis Turner (ed.), Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York City, 3rd edition, 1942
Category:Materials database
Preventive conservation

== Description ==
Definition: All measures and actions aimed at avoiding and minimizing future deterioration or loss. They are carried out within the context or on the surroundings of an item, but more often a group of items, whatever their age and condition. These measures and actions are indirect – they do not interfere with the materials and structures of the items. They do not modify their appearance. Examples of preventive conservation are appropriate measures and actions for registration, storage, handling, packing and transportation, security, environmental management (light, humidity, pollution and pest control), emergency planning, education of staff, public awareness, legal compliance. 
(ref. ICOM-CC document 'Terminology to characterize the conservation of tangible cultural heritage', prepared for ICOM-CC meeting in New Delhi, 2008).
==Resources and Citations==
* J. Ashley-Smith, A. Burmester, M. Eibl, Climate for collections - Standards and uncertainties, Archetype Publications (London) (2012)
* R. Alcantara, Standards in preventive conseration: Meanings and aplications ICCROM (2010), http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_04_StandardsPreventiveConser_en.pdf
* Caring for collections, CCI-ICC Ottawa (Canada), http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/caringfor-prendresoindes/collections-eng.aspx 
Category:Materials database
Preventol

== Description ==
[Bayer, Germany] A trademark for a series of quaternary ammonium salt based compounds. Preventol is classified as a detergent. It functions as a fungicide and sterilant by penetrating and disrupting the structure of the cell membranes. Preventol has also been used as a preservative, and corrosion inhibitor.
==Resources and Citations==
* T.Frey, J.vonReis, Z.Barov "An Evaluation of Biocides for Control of the Biodeterioration of Artifacts at Hearst Castle" ICOM Preprints Washington, DC 1993 p.875-879.
Category:Materials database
Primal

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A trademark for a series of aqueous acrylic dispersions sold in Europe that are equivalent to the Rhoplex series in the US. First introduced in 1953, Primal was originally sold for used as an acrylic emulsion paint binder and later as a waterproof leather coating. Primal resins are available in several grades that vary in hardness and flexibility. They are used for adhesives, consolidants, and coatings. The acrylic emulsions are environmentally friendly, non-toxic, non-flammable, easy to clean up with water, colorfast, and resistant to cracking and yellowing.
 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Primal AC-33
==Resources and Citations==
* Dow: Search page for Primal
* Rohm & Haas: (Note: no longer current as Dow purchase Rohm and Haas in 2009)
* C.V.Horie Materials for Conservation, Architectural Press division of Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997, p.110-112.
* R.G. Lodge, A History of Synthetic Painting Media with Special Reference to Commercial Products, AIC Preprints, 16th Annual Meeting, 1988
Category:Materials database
Primary clay

== Description ==
Clay found on the site of the parent feldspathic rock. Primary clays are relatively pure containing only the impurities that were originally in the parent rock, such as feldspar, quartz, and mica. Primary clays, such as china clay or kaolinite, are typically white, large-grain, and somewhat aplastic with low shrinkage. They have a high melting point and fluxes are usually added to decrease firing temperatures.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
residual clay; primaire klei (Ned.); argila primária (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Ceramics"
Category:Materials database
Primavera

== Description ==
A pale-color, fine-texture wood obtained from the species Cybistax donnelsmithii trees native to Central America. Primavera wood is light yellow when cut but form pink to brown streaks when exposed to air. Also called white mahogany, primavera is used for furniture, cabinetry, and veneers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
prima vera; white mahogany
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Color: Heartwood is pale cream to golden yellow and darkens with age
* Grain/Texture: Grain is straight to slightly interlocked. Texture is medium with naturally high luster.
* Durability: Somewhat resistant to decay but susceptible to insects.
* Density = 31 ppcf
==Working Properties==
* Easy to work: probably due to its low density. 
* It has a moderate blunting effect on cutting edges, so carbide tools are recommended. 
* Tends to split when nailed or screwed, so pilot holes are recommended despite the wood’s softness. 
* Turns, glues, stains, and finishes well.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Primavera
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 432
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: Cyhistax donell-smithii
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Primavera." listed as species Cybistax donnelsmithii (or Donnel-Smithii); Accessed 18 May 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Primuline

== Description ==
Yellow, foul-smelling crystalline dye. Primuline was made in 1887 by A.Green. It was the first thiazole type direct dye in which the color was developed by diazotisation after the fiber was dyed. Primuline is also used as a fluorochrome. It has a mean excitation wavelength of 410 nm (violet/blue) and a mean emission wavelength of 550 nm (Wolbers et al., 1990).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
primuline O; CI Direct Yellow 59; CI 49000
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, ether. Slightly soluble in water.
CAS	8064-60-6
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* A.Scharff, 'Synthetic dyestuffs for textiles and their fastness to washing', ICOM-CC Preprints Lyon, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database