nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Hiromi Yamaji

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Hiromi Yamaji is the president of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). He took over that role on April 1, 2021 from Koichiro Miyahara, who resigned after the exchange had its worst-ever outage in October 2020. TSE is also owned by the Japan Exchange Group.
Yamaji was previously president and CEO of the Osaka Exchange, a subsidiary of the Japan Exchange Group. He also was a member of the board of directors for both companies. He held the post of CEO starting in June 2013.
In 2022, Yamaji was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community. 
== Background ==
Yamaji began his career in 1977 when he joined Nomura Securities Co., a company which has since become part of Nomura Group. He held a number of positions in his 36 years with the company, with the first of note being as the manager of the company's Europe Investment Banking Industry Business Operation Unit in 1994. He moved up the company ladder, and was named the CEO of the global investment banking sector of the company in 2002. He was named as an executive vice president of the company in 2012, after holding the role of CEO and president of their subsidiary Nomura American Investment Inc, since 2009. In 2013, he moved on to become a director in the Japan Exchange Group and became president and CEO of the Osaka Exchange Group.
==Interviews==
You Gotta Have Wa: JPX Looks For Harmony And Expansion With New Trading Platform
Yamaji was interviewed by FIA CEO Walt Lukken in a FIA Speaks podcast in 2019.
== Education ==
Yamaji holds a bachelor's degree from Kyoto University, and a master's degree from University of Pennsylvania.
==Video==
The Osaka Exchange might be looking for more institutional activity, but its night sessions see a lot of action already. President & CEO Hiromi Yamaji said that after extending the night session to 5:30 a.m. Tokyo time, the overall share of trading activity that occurs at night rose to more than 42 percent in May. When it comes to the Nikkei 225 mini, nearly 50 percent of trades are executed during the night session.
=== FIA Hall of Fame ===
== References ==	
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Hiroshi Yao

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Hiroshi Yao is the president and chief executive officer for Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, and has been since June 29, 2010. He joined the company in April of 1969. His previous titles include managing director and vice president for the company. He also used to serve as president for Mitsubishi Aluminum Co Ltd.
== Background ==
== Education ==
Hiroshi Yao graduated from Hitotsubashi University in 1969.
== References ==
Category:Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
Category:Bios - Executives
HitBTC

HitBTC was at one time one of the largest cryptocurrency trading platforms in the world, according to data published by CoinMarketCap. It offered 687 cryptocurrency pairs for trading, including many against the USD Tether. On June 6, 2018, HitBTC was ranked Number 5 by CoinMarketCap in dollar value of transactions. Through an affiliation with a third party, Weltrade, HitBTC also offers cryptocurrency margin trading with leverage between 1:3 and 1:10. 
HitBTC is operated by a Hong Kong company called HIT Solutions Limited, although the HitBTC website includes no additional information about the company. 
On June 3, 2017 HitBTC announced that it was suspending its business with Japanese residents pending its application to the Japanese Financial Services Agency for registration as a cryptocurrency exchange, which was planned for the third quarter of 2017.
== References ==
Category:cryptocurrency
Category:cryptocurrency trading platform
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange

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The HoChiMinh Stock Exchange (HSX), Vietnam's major securities trading exchange, started in 2000 as nominally communist Vietnam's first public market for trading listed stocks but was converted to the HSX in 2007 and now trades stocks, bonds and listed funds. HSX's growth shrank with the global credit crisis in 2008 after several years of strong performances but growth is expected to recover in 2009.
== Background ==
The state-owned HSX, operated as a listed Vietnamese corporation, was officially created in May 2007 from the former Ho Chi Minh City Securities Trading Center (HoSTC) that was itself formed in 2000 with just two listed equities. The original governmental decree to create a stock exchange in Vietnam had been signed just two years earlier. Currently the HSX trades 248 listed securities including 176 share listings, 68 bonds and four investment funds, all denominated in Vietnamese dong, with a total listed value of approximately $4.5 billion as of mid-March 2009.
HSX is regulated by the State Securities Commission of Vietnam (SSCV), an autonomous arm of the Vietnamese government's Ministry of Finance. In August 2008, just before the global financial meltdown began, the SSCV widened its stock-trading bands on the HSX from the previous +/- 3% to +/- 5% for the fourth time that year, each time in reponse to market improvements, the SSCV stated. 
Unlike its counterpart, the smaller-cap Hanoi Securities Trading Center (HaSTC), the HSX lists mostly larger firms with a record of growth and profitability. The HSX's VN Index serves as a benchmark for the overall performance of Vietnam's blue-chip equities market. Trades are settled through the Bank of Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV), a state-owned commercial bank, although some foreign-owned banks including HSBC and Deutsche Bank are licensed to offer custody services. 
== Key people ==
Nguyen Doan Hung is chairman of HSX's 5-person board of directors and is also deputy chairman of the SSCV. In the second capacity, Hung gave media interviews in 2008 and 2007 in which he first nominated a national growth-rate target of 9% and then repudiated the figure. HSX Deputy Chairman Truong Hung Long is also the CEO of HSX. 
== Latest news ==
The HSX is expected to recover from 2008's hosing with the VN Index rising by more than 17% in 2009, investment bank HSBC wrote in late February, adding that Vietnam is expected to record Asia's third-highest GDP growth rate behind China and India. That would be a change from the previous year, when the VN Index lost two-thirds of its value and market capitalization of the HSX dropped from US$21.69 billion to US$9.84 billion. 
== References ==
Hodl

HODL is a popular term and investment strategy in the cryptocurrency community that originated from a misspelling of "hold" in a 2013 online forum post. It has since evolved to represent a long-term, buy-and-hold approach to cryptocurrency investing.
Hodling has proven to be a largely successful practice for 2013 bitcoin investors. It finds an echo in the traditional directive: buy and hold. Among cryptocurrency investors, hodling is an expression of the belief in the future of the asset class.
== Origins ==
Hodl is the present tense form of the verb whose first observed form was the present participle, hodling, as in "I AM HODLING". "I AM HODLING" was the title given to a post by GameKyuubi published on Bitcoin Forum on December 13, 2018. The post itself acknowledges the misspelling. Hodl is often identified as an acronym for "hold on for dear life," to which it is not truly connected. 
=== GameKyuubi's original post ===
The following is the complete text of GameKyuubi's seminal post on the topic of hodling (warning: explicit language) 
I AM HODLING
I type d that tyitle twice because I knew it was wrong the first time. Still wrong. w/e. GF's out at a lesbian bar, BTC crashing WHY AM I HOLDING? I'LL TELL YOU WHY. It's because I'm a bad trader and I KNOW I'M A BAD TRADER. Yeah you good traders can spot the highs and the lows pit pat piffy wing wong wang just like that and make a millino bucks sure no problem bro. Likewise the weak hands are like OH NO IT'S GOING DOWN I'M GONNA SELL he he he and then they're like OH GOD MY ASSHOLE when the SMART traders who KNOW WHAT THE FUCK THEY'RE DOING buy back in but you know what? I'm not part of that group. When the traders buy back in I'm already part of the market capital so GUESS WHO YOU'RE CHEATING day traders NOT ME~! Those taunt threads saying "OHH YOU SHOULD HAVE SOLD" YEAH NO SHIT. NO SHIT I SHOULD HAVE SOLD. I SHOULD HAVE SOLD MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY SELL AND BOUGHT MOMENTS BEFORE EVERY BUY BUT YOU KNOW WHAT NOT EVERYBODY IS AS COOL AS YOU. You only sell in a bear market if you are a good day trader or an illusioned noob. The people inbetween hold. In a zero-sum game such as this, traders can only take your money if you sell.
so i've had some whiskey
actually on the bottle it's spelled whisky
w/e
sue me
(but only if it's payable in BTC)
== References ==	
Category:Definitions
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Category:Slang Investing Terms
Holding company

A holding company, also called a parent company, is one that controls sufficient interest in another company to exert influence over it through its board of directors but generally not through day-to-day management or operations. Banks and other financial-service businesses are usually owned by holding companies that are closely regulated by the Federal Reserve, the former moreso. Holding companies allow new acquisitions to be controlled with minimal investment but the holding company must keep control of at least 80% of voting shares to avoid onerous taxation. Holding companies in the public utility, railroad and air transport sectors are also subject to special federal regulation. 
== Loosened Hold ==
Since 1999, bank holding companies have been able to apply to the Federal Reserve to convert themselves to financial service holding companies under the Bank Holding Company Act. The Federal Reserve maintains an updated list of the bank holding companies under its control that have successfully done this, allowing them much greater freedom to engage in non-banking activities that would be otherwise proscribed for a solely bank owner. Non-bank holding companies can also apply for the status.
== Supermarket Effect ==
Since that loosening, the rankings of largest American bank and financial-service holding companies have become dominated by the retail-finance giants that have merged banking, insurance, investments and other financial services under one roof. The latest ranking by total assets for Q1 2008 combining bank and financial-service holding companies below also shows Deutsche Bank Trust's Taunus Corporation at number five, above better-known groups like Wells Fargo and US Bancorp.
* 1. Citigroup Inc. 
* 2. Bank of America Corp.
* 3. JPMorgan Chase & Co.
* 4. Wachovia Corp.
* 5. Taunus Corp.
== References ==
Holly Duran

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Holly Duran is the owner and principal of Holly Duran Real Estate Partners LLC, specializing in commercial real estate tenant representation. 
== Background ==
Duran has spearheaded lease negotiations for more than 15 million square feet of space, with particular expertise in representing financial services firms. Serving since 1980 as real estate consultant to Chicago Mercantile Exchange and its shareholders, she has negotiated leases for more than two million square feet and continues to coordinate all real estate functions for CME Group, Inc. HDREP functions as CME’S exclusive global real estate advisor. 
Duran’s clients also have included McDermott Will & Emery, Goldberg Kohn, Refco, NovaStar Financial, WHITTMANHART, Ubiquity Brands, ED&F Man, Nomura Securities, The American Bottling Company, Ticketmaster, and Rosenthal Collins Group.
She also had Melamed & Associates as a client and nailed down the final details on a March 2012 move to a a 3,000-square-foot office space on the 16th floor of 30 S. Wacker Drive. Duran and Jeff Mulder of Holly Duran Real Estate Partners LLC assisted CME Group in the sale of the building in partnership with Jones Lang LaSalle Capital Markets. 
Also in 2012, Duran co-brokered the $151.5 million sale of two of the three towers that make up the Chicago Board of Trade Building.
== Affiliations and Awards ==
Duran has a number of prestigious recognitions, including the Chicago Food Depository’s “Tenant Representative of the Year Award.” She also is an advocate for Children’s Memorial Hospital and its Children’s Service Board.
== References ==
Category:Real Estate Companies
Category:Holly Duran Real Estate Partners
Hollywood Stock Exchange

The Hollywood Stock Exchange (HSX) began as an online fantasy market established in 1996 and owned by Cantor Fitzgerald since 2001. HSX allows users to simulate an investment in movies, actors and studios. The trading is limited to "Hollywood dollars" that have no real world value. Nevertheless, it attracted a following among thousands of players, and its fantasy trading activity was often remarkably accurate in predicting actual ticket sales.
Cantor Fitgzerald planned to launch the exchange with a new name, The Cantor Exchange, as a real, federally regulated market that would trade futures on Domestic Box Office Receipt contracts, also known as Movie Box Office Contracts or DBOR Movie Futures. However, Cantor abandoned that launch after receiving regulatory approval, because lobbyists had succeeded in persuading lawmakers to write a ban on such futures into FinReg legislation.
== History ==
In November of 2008, the Hollywood Stock Exchange applied for Exchange-status with the CFTC. 
The Hollywood Stock Exchange was founded in April of 1996 by Max Keiser and Michael Burns. 
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Homer Livingston, Jr.

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Homer Livingston, Jr. was a Chicago banker and former head of the Midwest Stock Exchange, who renamed it the Chicago Stock Exchange during his tenure. Livingston died in 2015 at the age of 79.
== Background ==
Livingston was the son of Homer Livingston, Sr., the president, CEO and ultimately chairman of the First National Bank of Chicago. Livingston, Jr. joined the bank in 1962. By 1969, he had been promoted to vice president and would spend two years in the London branch.
In 1979, Livingston left First National after a conflict with A. Robert Abboud, the bank's top executive. He joined the Chicago office of Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb. 
However, in 1982, Livingston joined William Blair & Company as a partner. One deal he worked on was with the Dutch bank Algemene Bank Nederland, which had acquired LaSalle National Bank. The Dutch bankers eventually asked Livingston to be the president and CEO of LaSalle National Bank. In 1985, LaSalle was rebranded as ABN/LaSalle and Livingston headed the new operation as well.
After turning around the business of ABN/LaSalle, Livinston resigned in 1988 and formed his own business. He bought some banks needing a turn around in the southwestern U.S.
Then, in 1993, Livingston became the president and CEO of the Midwest Stock Exchange. In order to increase its name recognition outside the U.S., Livingston renamed the exchange the Chicago Stock Exchange. Livingston stepped down from the Chicago Stock Exchange in 1995. The Midwest Stock Exchange had originally been called the Chicago Stock Exchange, but when it absorbed regional exchanges in St. Louis, Cleveland and Minneapolis-St. Paul it renamed itself in 1949.
Livingston served in the U.S. Navy. He attend U.S. Navy Officer Candidate School and served in the Navy from 1957 to 1961. He served in the Pacific. During the Berlin Crisis he was called back to duty and helped train sailors from 1962 to 1963.
== Education ==
Livingston earned a bachelors degree from Princeton. He earned a law degree from Chicago-Kent College of Law in 1966. 
== References ==	
Category:Former Bank CEOs
Category:First National Bank of Chicago - Former Employees
Category:ABN/LaSalle - Former Employees
Category:Chicago Stock Exchange - Former Employees
Category:Former Exchange CEOs
Hong Kong dollar

Hong Kong dollar is the currency of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. In accordance with Sino-British Joint Declaration and Hong Kong's Basic Law, Hong Kong maintains autonomy in some aspects of governance, including the right to issue currency. The official ISO 4217 code is HKD (Hong Kong Dollar), but often referred to as HK$.
Since 1983, the Hong Kong dollar has been pegged to the US dollar. Note-issuing banks could issue any number of Hong Kong dollars at a rate of 7.80 Hong Kong dollar against the U.S. dollar, by submitting the U.S. dollars to the HKMA to be accounted in the Exchange Fund and receiving Certificates of Indebtedness before printing. In this way, U.S. dollars in the Exchange Fund maintain the stabile value of the Hong Kong dollar.
== References ==
Category:Foreign Exchange
Category:Currencies
Horizon Cash Management LLC

Horizon Cash Management LLC was a Chicago-based investment advisory firm specializing in the managing of the cash portfolios for managed futures funds, hedge funds, family offices and institutional investors. The company was founded in 1991 by Diane Mix Birnberg. Horizon closed on November 25, 2014. It had approximately $2.5 billion in assets under management in 2013, but at the time of the announcement of the closing that number was down to about $500 million. She said the firm’s assets under management peaked at about $3.7 billion in 2006.
In the wake of several high profile futures commission merchant bankruptcies including MF Global and PFGBest, Horizon conducted a survey of commodity trading advisors (CTAs) and commodity pool operators (CPOs) titled The Aftermath of MF Global and Peregrine Financial Group Meltdowns: A Crisis of Trust. Most respondents believed there was a breakdown of audit procedures, and that better procedures are needed to safeguard customer funds.
In June 2013, Horizon launched the Emerging Manager Fund Cash Account, a custodial account that provides small and emerging fund managers (between one and ten million dollars) with a safe alternative for cash 
balances that are in excess of margin requirements.
== John Lothian News Interviews ==
Third-Party Custodians: Here, Hold On To This
Futures customers are still wondering just how their money can stay protected in the case of a default by their broker. While some solutions are still in the concept stage, others are available right now. Horizon Cash Management’s Michael Markowitz explains the third-party custodian model, whereby customers set up and manage excess margin at a bank outside the brokerage firm. Third-party custodial arrangements are available now and could be one way to restore customer confidence.
In this video, a simple animation and interview with Markowitz help explain the third-party custodian model. Watch at JohnLothianNews.com
SEC Tables Money Market Fund Regulation: Michael Markowitz Analysis
Michael Markowitz is chief investment officer at Horizon Cash Management LLC, an investment advisory firm specializing in the managing of cash portfolios for hedge funds, managed futures funds, family offices and institutional investors. Markowitz spoke with former John Lothian News Editor-at-Large Doug Ashburn about the SEC‘s decision in August 2012 to table proposed changes to money market fund regulations. Published August 30, 2012. Watch at JohnLothianNews.com
== Key People ==
*Diane Mix Birnberg, Chairman, Founder 
*Michael Markowitz, President
*Jill King, Senior Portfolio Manager
== References ==
Hotspot FX

Hotspot FX is an ECN platform founded in 2002 that offers spot foreign exchange market access to market participants. It is owned by CBOE Holdings.
The company’s customer base includes more than 220 banks, market makers, hedge funds and institutions.
Hotspot was acquired by Knight Capital Group, Inc., the predecessor of KCG Holdings, in 2007 in an all-cash deal for approximately $77.5 million. Upon the close of the acquisition Hotspot FX began to operate as a separate subsidiary of Knight Capital Group. 
In January 2015, KCG sold Hotspot to BATS Global Markets for $365 million in cash. It was then sold to CBOE Holdings as part of the $3.2 billion acquisition of Bats Global Markets, which closed in February 2017.
== References ==
Category:Independent Software Vendors
House Financial Services Committee

The U.S. House Financial Services Committee oversees all components of the nation's housing and financial services sectors including banking, insurance, real estate, public and assisted housing, and securities. 
The Committee reviews the laws and programs relating to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and international development and finance agencies such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The Committee also ensures enforcement of housing and consumer protection laws such as the U.S. Housing Act, the Truth In Lending Act, the Housing and Community Development Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act]], the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Community Reinvestment Act, and financial privacy laws.
The Committee held a hearing on January 5, 2009 to examine the $50 billion Ponzi scheme allegedly run by money manager Bernard Madoff. 
More recently, in May 2021, the Committee looked into stock market volatility related to the run-up of GameStop Corp. shares and the collapse of Archegos Capital Management. SEC Chairman Gary Gensler testified before the Committee on May 6, 2021. Among his prepared comments, Gensler stated that applications that "gamify" trading by small investors can result in poor outcomes. He suggested regulators may need to "freshen up" their rule set given changes in how retail investors access trading. 
== History ==
The committee was once known as the Committee on Banking and Currency. The Banking and Currency Committee was created in 1865 to relieve the Ways and Means Committee of part of its workload. Its jurisdiction included the chartering and oversight of national banks; the issue of national bank loans; the issue, taxation, and redemption of national bank notes; and the authorization of bond issues. It was responsible for legislation involving the deposit of public moneys, strengthening the public credit, monetary parity, and the issuance of silver certificates as currency. The investigation of the failure of state banks and the affairs of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company were also part of its jurisdiction.
== Key People ==
*Maxine Waters, California, Chairwoman
== Resources ==
* House Financial Services Committee Schedule
== References ==
Category:U.S. Government Committees
House of Representatives Agriculture Committee

For more than 185 years, the House Committee on Agriculture has established farm policy for agriculture and rural America in the nation's capital. 
The responsibilities of the House Committee on Agriculture include facing such issues as: renewable energy, rural development, disaster assistance, nutrition, crop insurance, conservation, international trade, futures market regulation, animal and plant health, agricultural research and development, bioterrorism, and forestry.
The committee has jurisdiction over agriculturally related subjects, including commodity exchanges. 
== History ==
The U.S. House Committee on Agriculture was created on May 3, 1820. At the time, the country's population was about 9 million and there were 213 Representatives in the House. Seven of these Representatives, under the chairmanship of Thomas Forrest, of Pennsylvania, were assigned to the new committee. Six other States were represented in this group: Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia. 
Lewis Williams, a Representative from Surrey County, N.C., elected to the 14th and 13 succeeding Congresses, and known as the "Father of the House," was the sponsor of the resolution proposing a Committee on Agriculture.
The committee originally consisted of seven members, but it gradually increased in size until 2001, when 51 members were assigned to the committee and its five subcommittees.
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
Current Chairman: Frank Lucas (R-OK)
== References ==
Category:U.S. Government Committees