Preston Rivulettes

The Preston Rivulettes were a Canadian women's ice hockey team. They were inducted into the Cambridge Sports Hall of Fame on May 2, 1998, as members of the inaugural class of 1997. The Preston Rivulettes won four Dominion Championships and ten Ontario titles between 1931 and 1940. The team had a winning percentage of over 95%, a record unmatched in the history of women's hockey.Adams, C. (2008). "Queens of the Ice Lanes": The Preston Rivulettes and women's hockey in Canada, 1931–1940. Sport History Review, 39(1), 1-29.
==Early history==
Hilda and Nellie Ranscombe, and Marm and Helen Schmuck, played softball together during the summer of 1930 on a team called the Preston Rivulettes. They were looking for a winter sport to play and decided to form a hockey team. They reached out to prominent sports journalist Alexandrine Gibb for assistance. In January 1931, the team held its first practice with ten players:
* Nellie Ranscombe (goalie)
* Grace Webb (defense)
* Margaret Gabbitas (defense)
* Helen Schmuck (forward)
* Hilda Ranscombe (forward)
* Marm Schmuck (forward)
* Myrtle Parr (alternate)
* Pat Marriott (alternate)
* W. Makcrow (alternate)
* S. Leahy (alternate)
The manager of Preston's Lowther Street Arena, Herb Fach, coached the team with Roy Osgood as their manager. Team chaperones were Molly Hanlon and Beatrice Collard. In 1932, Marvin Dykeman joined as secretary/manager and Olive Dykeman as chaperone. Many of the original players remained on the team throughout the next decade, however, the Rivulettes welcomed new members throughout the 1930s, including, Dot Raffey, Helen Sault, Violet Hall, Ruth Dargel, Elvis Williams, Norma Hipel, Gladys Hawkins, and Marie Beilstein.
==Ladies Ontario Hockey Association==
The Preston Rivulettes joined the Ladies Ontario Hockey Association (LOHA) in January 1931. Since league schedules were already fixed for the year, and they were not close to any other teams, they could not play any regular season games. The LOHA allowed the Rivulettes to play a qualifying match against the Grimsby Peaches to determine eligibility for the 1931 playoffs. After defeating the Peaches in a two-game series (winning the first game 5-1 and the second 4-1 on 2/23), the Rivulettes earned entry into the second round of the playoffs. The Rivulettes defeated the Port Dover Sailorettes in the LOHA quarterfinals (beating them 1-0 in game one on 2/26 and 2-0 in game two on 3/5), moving on to defeat the London Silverwoods in the semi-finals (winning the first game 2-0 and second 1-0 on 3/11), and Pembroke 4-2 in the LOHA finals.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.146, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, The Rivulettes were LOHA intermediate champions in their first season. 
The Rivulettes played teams from Ontario cities such as Toronto, Kitchener, Stratford, London, Hamilton, Guelph and Port Dover. Between 1930 and 1940, the team played an estimated 350 games. They lost only two and tied three. For the entire decade of the 1930s, the Rivulettes won the Bobby Rosenfeld Trophy. The trophy was given to the Ontario champions. In addition, the Rivulettes were six-time winners of the Eastern Canadian championship and the Elmer Doust Cup.
The Ladies Ontario Hockey Association disbanded in 1940 due to declining participation and resources during wartime, leaving Ontario with no organized leagues or provincial championships. Although men's sport also declined at this time, it saw a resurgence in the postwar period. This did not occur to the same extent for women's sports and the Preston Rivulettes did not reconvene after the war. 
;Preston Rivulettes' league opponents
*1932: Kitchener Wentworths, Guelph (defeated both teams in all nine games of the regular season and playoffs, "Rivulettes Kalsomine Twin City Wentworths 3-0, Annex Intercounty Hockey Laurels"Galt Evening Reporter, 1932-03-04) - beat Kitchener 8-1 on 1/20, Guelph 10-0 on 1/27, Kitchener 2-0 on 1/28, Kitchener 6-0 on 2/2, Kitchener 1-0 on 2/8, Guelph 7-0 on 2/16, Kitchener 5 goals to 0 in finals (2-0 on 2/22, 3-0 on 3/3); Guelph and Kitchener tied 0-0 2OT on 2/4, Kitchener beat Guelph 2-0 on 2/11; Preston also beat Port Dover 3-0 in exhibition game on 3/28
*1933: Kitchener Freddie-Jacks, Guelph, London Silverwoods (defeated the three opponents in every regular season game, and Guelph in the playoffs - "Rivulettes Eliminate the Royal City Club by 5-0 Verdict, Guelph Last Night"Galt Daily Reporter, 1933-02-24) - beat Guelph 5-1 on 1/5, Kitchener 3-0 on 1/12, London 3-1 on 1/14, London 3-1 on 1/30, Kitchener 2-0 on 2/3, Guelph 5-0 on 2/11, Guelph in finals 8 goals to 1 (3-1 on 2/20, 5-0 on 2/23); London beat Guelph 2-0 on 1/3, Kitchener beat London 2-1 on 1/6, Guelph beat Kitchener 1-0 on 1/14, Kitchener beat Guelph 1-0 on 1/20, London tied Kitchener 1-1 on 2/1, Guelph beat Kitchener 5 goals to none in semifinal (3-0 on 2/9, 2-0 on 2/14)
*1934: Port Dover Sailorettes, Guelph Leaflettes, Brantford YWCA (defeated all three in the regular season and the Sailorettes in the playoffs) - beat Port Dover 2-1 on 1/4, Guelph 6-0 on 1/11, Brantford 12-0 on 2/2, Port Dover 1-0 on 2/5, Port Dover in finals 3 goals to 1 (1-0 on 2/22, 2-1 on 2/26); Guelph beat Port Dover 1-0 on 1/2, Port Dover beat Guelph 5-1 on 1/19, Port Dover beat Guelph 4 goals to 1 in semifinal (4-0 on 2/16, 0-1 on 2/19); Preston also beat Toronto Vagabonds 6-2 in exhibition game on 2/10
*1935: played series against Toronto Pals - beat them 10-0 on 1/28, 5-1 on 1/25, 1-0 on 2/13
*1936: Port Dover Sailorettes, Toronto Pals (defeated or tied both opponents in every league game) - beat Port Dover 3-1 on 1/22, Pals 7-2 on 1/24, Pals 7-1 on 1/29, Pals 4-1 on 2/10, Port Dover 6-1 on 2/17, Port Dover 3-1 on 2/19, Pals 4-0 on 2/22, also tied Port Dover 1-1 on 2/3; Port Dover beat Pals 3-0 on 1/20, Pals beat Port Dover on 2/12
*1938: Hamilton Tigers, Stratford Aces (easily won all 7 league games) - beat Hamilton 5-0 on 1/22, 5-0 on 1/28, and 3-0 on 2/22, and Stratford 6-0 on 1/26, 5-2 on 2/9, 5-0 on 2/16; Stratford beat Hamilton 2-1 on 1/21; Hamilton and Stratford tied 3-3 on 1/31 and 2-2 on 2/11; Preston also beat Stratford 8-1 in exhibition game at Woodstock on 2/17 
*1939: Toronto Ladies, Toronto Seven-Up - beat Ladies 2-0 on 1/23 and 5-2 on 2/3, and Seven-Up 4-1 on 2/10; Ladies beat Seven-Up 4-0 on 2/6
*1940: Toronto Ladies (beat them 2-0 on 1/15 and 6-0 on 1/25, also won 6-1 on 2/2, and 8-2 on 2/19, which were both exhibition games)
Sources: Toronto Star, Waterloo Region Record
==Dominion Women's Amateur Hockey Association==
The Dominion Women's Amateur Hockey Association (DWAHA) was founded in 1933. DWAHA oversaw a national playoff for the top women's hockey teams in Canada, called the Dominion Championship. Lady Bessborough, the wife of Governor General of Canada Lord Bessborough donated a championship trophy for the Dominion Women’s Amateur Hockey Association.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.142, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, For the inaugural series, the Ontario Champion Preston Rivulettes played the Western Champion Edmonton Rustlers. This was the first time Preston had played outside of Ontario, and since Edmonton had covered all expenses on the Rivulettes' behalf, they could easily afford it. The team departed from Preston on a Wednesday, with 200 fans cheering them off at the train station, and arrived in Edmonton on Saturday, five hours before game time. They played before a crowd of 2500 people. The Rivulettes found themselves down by a score of 2-0. They came back to tie the game, but Hazel Case of the Rustlers later scored the game-winning goal.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.143, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, The Rivulettes had lost their first game in three seasons. The Rustlers won the second game of the championship series by a score of 1-0 to earn the title of Dominion Champions. This was the first ever recognition of a Canadian women's hockey national championship team. Although not able to secure the championship, the Rivulettes received favourable media coverage in Preston and throughout Ontario. On the week following their defeat, the team was welcomed to the Provincial Legislature in Toronto for a congratulatory meeting with Premier Henry. 
Preston was scheduled to return the favour of hosting the 1934 Edmonton championship team the following year, however, the Rivulettes were not able to raise the $1,800 to stage a rematch with the Rustlers.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.145, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, Because of this, the Rustlers remained Dominion Champions.
In 1935, the Rivulettes defeated the Montreal Maroons in the Eastern Canadian semifinals and the Summerside Primrose A.C. from P.E.I. in the finals to claim the Eastern Canadian Championship. The Western champion team, Winnipeg Eatons, travelled to Preston to face the Rivulettes. This was the first time a western team had made the journey east. The Rivulettes won a hard-fought two game series to claim their first ever Dominion Championship. 
After a dominating performance in the Ontario league in 1936, the Rivulettes travelled to the Montreal Forum to face the Maroons for the Eastern Canadian Championship. To keep costs down, the Rivulettes sent only eight players to the Eastern finals. After solidly beating Montreal 9-2, the Rivulettes achievements were reported on the sports page of the New York Times. The 1936 Dominion series was to take place in Winnipeg and the Rivulettes were facing financial challenges after the costs of travelling to Montreal. The DWAHA changed the rules which had previously guaranteed money for the visiting team and the Rivulettes were unable to work out a financial deal with Winnipeg. With Preston unable to cover their own travel expenses, they forfeited the Lady Bessborough Trophy to Winnipeg. 
The Rivulettes won the Lady Bessborough trophy as Dominion Champions on home ice in Preston in 1937 and 1938. In 1939 they won the Championship in Charlottetown, P.E.I. 
In 1940, the Rivulettes and the Winnipeg Olympics were unable to reach an agreement to guarantee travel expenses to a national championship series. When the Winnipeg Olympics declined to accept the Lady Bessborough Trophy by default of the Rivulettes not travelling west, DWAHA president Mary Dunn declared the title undecided and no team was awarded the trophy.
==Ontario dominance==
Although their early success served to promote women’s hockey, by 1938, their continued success proved to be an organizational challenge to the LOHA governing body. From 1931 to 1935, the Rivulettes were undefeated and had won five consecutive provincial championships.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.146, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, Many teams in Ontario did not want to join the LOHA because they felt they had no chance of winning. The Rivulettes success caused the number of member teams to decrease.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.146, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, The LOHA decided to create an A League and a B League, with the B League being for first year and less skilled teams. LOHA president Bobbie Rosenfeld found it to be the only way to increase the number of member teams.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.146, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, 
==Financial difficulties and gender discrimination==
Most members of the Preston Rivulettes worked full-time jobs or attended school during the 1930s. Coveted evening ice times were especially difficult to obtain for a women's team, leaving them left to practice at odd hours or whenever they were able. In March 1938, the LOHA semi-final between the Preston Rivulettes and the Northern Marvels of Cobalt had to be rescheduled. The game was set to be played in Preston, however the Ontario Hockey Association (men’s hockey association) forced a change in venue so that a men’s game could be played.Coast to Coast:Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, p.143, Edited by John Chi-Kit Wong, University of Toronto Press, 2009, Even though the Rivulettes often drew larger crowds than the Preston men's teams, they were often forced to make last minute scheduling changes because the men's play-off series took precedence. 
Financial difficulties strained women's hockey teams throughout the country during the Depression. In 1937, the Alberta Provincial champion Calgary Grills were barred from the DWAHA for not paying their $10 membership fee.
==Legacy==
Hilda Ranscombe was team captain of the Preston Rivulettes for the duration of their existence. In 1999, her name was submitted to the Hockey Hall of Fame for induction consideration, however, women were not inducted until 2010.
The formation of the Preston Rivulettes was named a National Historic Event on February 15, 2016.Government of Canada Announces new National Historic Designations, Parks Canada news release, Feb. 15, 2016 A federal historical marker reflecting that to be unveiled in Cambridge, Ontario, on December 22, 2017.
===Theatre===
Playwright Tracey Power wrote and choreographed an adaption of the Rivulettes' story. Titled Glory, it premiered on February 22, 2018, at the Western Canada Theatre in Kamloops, British Columbia. Power won the 2018 Betty Award for Best New Play. The play was later performed in Calgary, and has toured Western Canada, including to the Chemainus Theatre Festival.; 
==References==
Category:Ice hockey teams in Canada