nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Dinutuximab (Unituxin)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI drug dictionary: A chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Dinutuximab binds to the ganglioside GD2 and induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against GD2-expressing tumor cells. 
Route: IV
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Neuroblastoma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2015-03-10: Initial FDA approval in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA), for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma who achieve at least a partial response to prior first-line multiagent, multimodality therapy. (Based on COG ANBL0032)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2015-08-14: Initial authorization for the treatment of high risk neuroblastoma.
*2017-03-20: Authorization withdrawn at the request of the manufacturer, for supply chain reasons
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2018-11-29: Initial notice of compliance
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2021-06-23: Initial approval for the treatment of neuroblastoma following high-dose chemotherapy.
==Patient Drug Information==
*Dinutuximab (Unituxin) Package InsertDinutuximab (Unituxin) Package Insert
==Also known as==
*Code names: Ch14.18, MOAB Ch14.18, monoclonal antibody Ch14.18
*Brand name: Qarziba, Unituxin
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-GD2 antibodies
Category:Neuroblastoma medications
Category:EMA approved in 2015
Category:FDA approved in 2015
Category:EMA withdrawn in 2017
Category:Health Canada approved in 2018
Category:PMDA approved in 2021
Dinutuximab beta (Qarziba)

==Mechanism of action==
Anti-GD2 antibody
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Neuroblastoma
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2017-05-08: Initial authorisation as Qarziba. Qarziba is indicated for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma in patients aged 12 months and above, who have previously received induction chemotherapy and achieved at least a partial response, followed by myeloablative therapy and stem cell transplantation. In patients who have not achieved a complete response after first line therapy, Qarziba should be combined with interleukin 2 (IL 2).
*2017-05-08: Initial authorisation as Qarziba. Qarziba is indicated for the treatment of patients with history of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma, with or without residual disease. Prior to the treatment of relapsed neuroblastoma, any actively progressing disease should be stabilised by other suitable measures. Qarziba should be combined with interleukin 2 (IL 2).
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Qarziba
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-GD2 antibodies
Category:Neuroblastoma medications
Category:EMA approved in 2017
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: first-generation antihistamine.
Route: PO/IV
Extravasation: unknown
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
No known antineoplastic properties. Used for prevention of reactions to blood products or biologics (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) as well as treatment of such reactions.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Benadryl
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Antihistamines
Category:FDA approved in 1946
Dipyridamole (Persantine)

==General information==
Class/mechanism from Wikipedia: inhibits the phosphodiesterase enzymes that normally break down cAMP (increasing cellular cAMP levels and blocking the platelet aggregation response to ADP) and/or cGMP.
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Persantine
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:PDE inhibitors
Category:FDA approved in 1961
Divarasib (GDC-6036)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally available inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, divarasib selectively targets the KRAS G12C mutant and inhibits KRAS G12C mutant-dependent signaling.
*IUPHAR/BPS
==Preliminary data==
Note: This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of preliminary results. References included in this section include non-randomized studies published in high-profile journals (e.g., NEJM) and experimental arms of phase 3 RCTs. Inclusion here is not an indication of impending regulatory approval, although many of these drugs do end up receiving approval by a regulatory authority.
===Solid tumors===
#GO42144: Sacher A, LoRusso P, Patel MR, Miller WH Jr, Garralda E, Forster MD, Santoro A, Falcon A, Kim TW, Paz-Ares L, Bowyer S, de Miguel M, Han SW, Krebs MG, Lee JS, Cheng ML, Arbour K, Massarelli E, Choi Y, Shi Z, Mandlekar S, Lin MT, Royer-Joo S, Chang J, Dharia NV, Schutzman JL, Desai J; GO42144 Investigator and Study Group. Single-Agent Divarasib (GDC-6036) in Solid Tumors with a KRAS G12C Mutation. N Engl J Med. 2023 Aug 24;389(8):710-721. link to original article EuroPMC NCT04449874
==Also known as==
*Code names: GDC-6036, RG-6330
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:KRAS inhibitors
Category:Malignant solid neoplasm medications (investigational)
Category:Investigational drugs
Dolasetron (Anzemet)

==Mechanism of action==
5-HT3 antagonist
==Also known as==
*Generic name: dolasetron mesylate
*Brand name: Anzemet
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Oral medications
Category:Emesis prevention
Category:Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists
Category:FDA approved in 1997
Domperidone (Motilium)

==Mechanism of action==
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist 
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Motilium
Category:Drugs
Category:Intramuscular medications
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Oral medications
Category:Rectal medications
Category:Emesis prevention
Category:Dopamine receptor antagonist
Category:Phenothiazines
Donafenib (Zepsun)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally available multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf kinase and various receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, donafenib binds to and blocks the activity of Raf kinase, and inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits cell proliferation in Raf-expressing tumor cells. In addition, this agent may inhibit unidentified RTKs, and thus may further block tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells.
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Thyroid cancer
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Hepatocellular carcinoma
==History of changes in NMPA indication==
*2021-06: Initial approval for the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who have not previously received systemic treatment. 
==Also known as==
*Code name: CM-4307
*Generic name: donafenib tosylate
*Brand name: Zepsun
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:BRAF inhibitors
Category:FLT3 inhibitors
Category:KIT inhibitors
Category:PDGFR inhibitors
Category:RAF1 inhibitors
Category:RET inhibitors
Category:VEGFR inhibitors
Category:Hepatocellular carcinoma medications
Category:Thyroid cancer medications
Category:NMPA approved in 2021
Dovitinib (TKI-258)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: The orally bioavailable lactate salt of a benzimidazole-quinolinone compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Dovitinib strongly binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inhibits its phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell death. In addition, this agent may inhibit other members of the RTK superfamily, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; platelet-derived growth factor receptor type 3; FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT); and colony-stimulating factor receptor 1; this may result in an additional reduction in cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
==Also known as==
*Code names: CHIR-258, TKI-258
*Generic name: dovitinib lactate
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:CSF1R inhibitors
Category:FGFR inhibitors
Category:FLT3 inhibitors
Category:KIT inhibitors
Category:PDGFR inhibitors
Category:VEGFR inhibitors
Category:Investigational drugs
Doxifluridine (Didox)

Not FDA approved but used in other countries.
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, antimetabolite, inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.
==Disease for which it was used==
*Gastric cancer
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Didox
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Fluoropyrimidines
Category:Gastric cancer medications (historic)
Category:Stub
Doxycycline

==Mechanism of action==
Antibiotic which may indirectly treat some indolent MALT lymphomas through eradication of pathogens such as Chlamydia psittaci.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:MALT lymphoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 1967
Drug shortages

This page will contain useful links regarding the oncology drug shortage crisis from 2023 onwards. For our more general page on therapeutic equivalents, click this link.
=Guidelines=
==ASCO==
*2023: Hantel et al. ASCO Ethical Guidance for the Practical Management of Oncology Drug Shortages EuroPMC
*2023: Santos et al. Drug Shortages in Oncology: ASCO Clinical Guidance for Alternative Treatments EuroPMC
=Anti-Cancer Drugs=
==Cisplatin==
*2023-06-15: NPR news article
==Carboplatin==
*2023-06-15: NPR news article
=Supportive Medications=
=Links=
*ASCO Member Drug Shortage Story Collection
*ASCO Resources Related to Drug Shortages
*FDA Drug Shortages
*The Cancer Letter interview with Richard Pazdur
*NCCN Statement Addressing Ongoing Chemotherapy Shortages
Category:General reference pages
Dutasteride (Avodart)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor; inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Competitively inhibits type 1 and 2 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes by forming a stable enzyme complex with them.Dutasteride (Avodart) package insert Dutasteride (Avodart) package insert (locally hosted backup)Avodart manufacturer's website
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Prostate cancer
==Patient drug information==
*Dutasteride (Avodart) package insert pages 26-29 
*Dutasteride (Avodart) patient drug information (UpToDate)Dutasteride (Avodart) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 2001-11-20: Initial FDA approval for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men with an enlarged prostate gland.
* 2011-06-09: New FDA Limitation of Use: AVODART is not approved for the prevention of prostate cancer.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Avodart, Avosteride, Deetor, Duprost, Dutaheal, Dutamax, Dutagen, Dutagela, Dutanol, Dutpro, Dutas, Dutastra, Dutasil, Indidutas, Veltride
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antiandrogens
Category:5 alpha-reductase inhibitors
Category:Prostate cancer medications
Category:FDA approved in 2001
Duvelisib (Copiktra)

==Mechanism of action==
From NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally bioavailable, highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitor of the delta and gamma isoforms of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, PI3K delta/gamma inhibitor IPI 145 prevents the activation of the PI3K delta/gamma-mediated signaling pathways which may lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation in PI3K delta/gamma-expressing tumor cells. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, the delta and gamma isoforms are overexpressed primarily in hematologic malignancies and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. By selectively targeting these PI3K isoforms, PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells is minimally or not affected which would result in a more favorable side effect profile.Duvelisib (Copiktra) package insert Duvelisib (Copiktra) package insert (locally hosted backup)Copiktra manufacturer's website
==Toxicity management==
*REMS Program information here
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (FDA)
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Indolent lymphoma
**Follicular lymphoma
*Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
==Patient drug information==
*Duvelisib (Copiktra) medication guideDuvelisib (Copiktra) medication guide
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2018-09-24: Regular approval for adult patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) after at least two prior therapies. (Based on DUO)
*2018-09-24: Accelerated approval for adult patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) after at least two prior systemic therapies. (Based on DYNAMO)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2021-05-19: Initial authorization
==Also known as==
*Code name: IPI-145
*Brand name: Copiktra
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:PI3K delta inhibitors
Category:PI3K gamma inhibitors
Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications
Category:Follicular lymphoma medications
Category:Indolent lymphoma medications
Category:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma medications
Category:REMS program
Category:FDA approved in 2018
Category:EMA approved in 2021
Category:Verastem Oncology compound
Eculizumab-aagh (Epysqli)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Complement inhibitor; monoclonal antibody that binds to complement protein C5, preventing its cleavage to C5a and C5b and the formation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9. Eculizumab is used in diseases involving abnormal complement-mediated activity, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
==Toxicity management==
*Epysqli Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
*Cold agglutinin disease
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2024-07-22: Initial approval for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) to reduce hemolysis.
*2024-07-22: Initial approval for the treatment of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy.
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2023-05-26: Epysqli is indicated in adults and children for the treatment of Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Evidence of clinical benefit is demonstrated in patients with haemolysis with clinical symptom(s) indicative of high disease activity, regardless of transfusion history.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Epysqli
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-C5 antibodies
Category:Hematology medications
Category:Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome medications
Category:Cold agglutinin disease medications
Category:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria medications
Category:REMS program
Category:EMA approved in 2023
Category:FDA approved in 2024
Category:Biosimilars
Category:Samsung Bioepis product
Eculizumab-aeeb (Bekemv)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Complement inhibitor; monoclonal antibody that binds to complement protein C5, preventing its cleavage to C5a and C5b and the formation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9. Eculizumab is used in diseases involving abnormal complement-mediated activity, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
==Toxicity management==
*Bkemv Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (FDA)
*Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (EMA, FDA)
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Cold agglutinin disease
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2024-05-28: Approved for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) to reduce hemolysis.
*2024-05-28: Approved for the treatment of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy.
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2023-04-19: Bekemv is indicated in adults and children for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Evidence of clinical benefit is demonstrated in patients with haemolysis with clinical symptom(s) indicative of high disease activity, regardless of transfusion history.
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Bekemv, Bkemv
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:REMS program
Category:Anti-C5 antibodies
Category:Hematology medications
Category:Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome medications
Category:Cold agglutinin disease medications
Category:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria medications
Category:REMS program
Category:EMA approved in 2023
Category:FDA approved in 2024
Category:Biosimilars
Category:Amgen product
Eculizumab (Soliris)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Complement inhibitor; monoclonal antibody that binds to complement protein C5, preventing its cleavage to C5a and C5b and the formation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9. Eculizumab is used in diseases involving abnormal complement-mediated activity, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).Eculizumab (Soliris) package insert Eculizumab (Soliris) package insert (locally hosted backup)Soliris manufacturer's website
Route: IV
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, UpToDate Lexidrug, Medscape, or the prescribing information.
==Toxicity management==
*Soliris Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) SiteSoliris Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Site
==Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)==
*Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
*Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Cold agglutinin disease
==Patient drug information==
*Eculizumab (Soliris) package insert
*Eculizumab (Soliris) patient drug information (Chemocare)Eculizumab (Soliris) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Eculizumab (Soliris) patient drug information (UpToDate)Eculizumab (Soliris) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 2007-03-16: Initial approval for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) to reduce hemolysis. (Based on SHEPHERD & TRIUMPH)
* 2011-09-23: Additional indication for the treatment of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy. (Based on C08-002, C08-003, C10-004)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2007-06-20: Initial authorization
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2013-09-13: New additional indication and a new dosage for the treatment of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Soliris
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-C5 antibodies
Category:Hematology medications
Category:Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome medications
Category:Cold agglutinin disease medications
Category:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria medications
Category:REMS program
Category:EMA approved in 2007
Category:FDA approved in 2007
Edoxaban (Savaysa)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Factor Xa inhibitor, acts at the active site of factor Xa to inhibit its actions in the coagulation cascade.Edoxaban (Savaysa) package insert Edoxaban (Savaysa) package insert (locally hosted backup)Savaysa manufacturer's website
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Patient drug information==
*Edoxaban (Savaysa) package insert
*Edoxaban (Savaysa) patient drug information (UpToDate)Edoxaban (Savaysa) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2015-01-08: Approved for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following 5-10 days of initial therapy with a parenteral anticoagulant. (Based on Hokusai-VTE and Hokusai VTE Cancer)
*2015-01-08: Approved to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). (Non-hematologic indication)
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2014-09-26: New additional indications and new dosages, and a drug with a newly-added dosage form indicated for prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, or for the treatment and prevention of the recurrence of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism).
==Also known as==
*Code name: DU-176b
*Brand name: Lixiana, Roteas, Savaysa
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Direct oral anticoagulants
Category:Factor Xa inhibitors
Category:Venous thromboembolism medications
Category:FDA approved in 2015