nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Appliances

ASHRAE - American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 
"The Green Standard": 189.1-2009
Developed by ASHRAE in conjunction with USGBC and IES (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America), A Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings, provides a ‘total building sustainability package’ for those who strive for green buildings. An excellent reference when working with engineers and architects.
Energy Star - 
ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program helping businesses and individuals protect the environment through superior energy efficiency.
www.energystar.gov
==BIBLIOGRAPHY==
Energy Star Programs and Products Government resource site for products, buildings, home improvement and repair. Templates for energy management. Publication “Putting Energy into Profits" (pdf) offers good tips for business owners on implementing steps to manage energy costs.
Archaeological Conservation in the Field

THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER ACTIVE. Please visit the Archaeological Conservation page.</span> 
Back to the Objects Page
Back to the Archaeological Conservation Page 
Copyright: 2011. The Objects Group Wiki pages are a publication of the Objects Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 
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==Pre-excavation planning==
(Including budgeting, researchgoals, team members, supplies, access to electricity and water, system ofrecord keeping, storage, etc.)
==Setting up a field lab==
include ADG “Conservation toolkit" 
 
==Coping with limited resources==
(Tips, tools, availability of supplies, non-traditional materials and methods)
 
==General techniques== 
movable and immovable objects 
===On-site=== 
(consolidation, lifting artifacts, moldingin situ) 
===Packing and transport===
===Examination and documentation===
(photography, imaging..)
===Record keeping and reports===
(end-of-season conservation reports...)
===Cleaning=== 
(investigative, mechanical, solvent,chemical, aqueous, poultices, pastes, or gels; reduction of surface dirt,grime, accretions, or stains) 
===Reduction of corrosion products=== 
(for metals.Mechanical, electrochemical/electrolytic, or chemical processes; etc.)
===Stabilization (passive)===
===Stabilization (interventive)=== 
(consolidation,desalination, de-acidification, corrosion inhibitors; etc.)
===Structural treatments=== 
(reshaping, removal ofdeteriorated previous structural repairs, structural fills, joining, mending,etc.)
===Aesthetic reintegration=== 
(loss compensation,fills, casting, molding, re-touching, finishing, etc.)
===Surface treatments=== 
(polishing, coatings, etc.)
===Marking and labeling objects===
===Storage===
===Display===
===Monitoring===
===Reburial===
===Backfilling===
==Personal safety and emergency preparedness==
==References==
==Further reading== 
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Back to the Objects Page
Back to the Archaeological Conservation Page
Category: ObjectsCategory: Archaeological Conservation.
Argyrotype

__NOTOC__
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Back to PMG Photographic Processes
Photographic Materials Conservation Catalog 
Photographic Processes
Date: Initiated ....
Contributors:
The Photographic Materials Conservation Catalog is created and maintained by the Photographic Materials Group of the American Institute for Conservation for the convenience of the membership. The treatments, methods, or techniques described herein are provided for informational purposes. The reader assumes responsibility for any application results or interpretation of information.
==Argyrotype==
Historical Facts
thumb| Caption
Text
Identification Characteristics
thumb| Caption
Image layer: Text
Color: Text
Support: Text 
Material description: 
Text
 Process Chemistry
Text
Procedure
Text
Condition
Text
Conservation
Text
Concerns and limitations in treatment:
Text
Housing and Storage Considerations
Housing:
Tex
Storage:
Text
Exhibition and lighting:
Text
Emergency Recovery
Text
REFERENCES
General References
*Ware, Mike, The Argyrotype Process, https://www.mikeware.co.uk/mikeware/Argyrotype_Process.html
Conservation
* 
Process and Historic Material 
* 
Contemporary Practice
* 
*
Category:Photographic Materials
Category: Photographic Processes
Back to Photographic Materials Chapter List
Back to PMG Photographic Processes
BPG Corrugated Clamshell Box

Book and Paper Group Wiki > Housings > Corrugated Clamshell Box
Wiki Contributors: Sue Donovan, your name could be here
==Diagram==
==== Sequence of Operations ====
Sourced from Alan Puglia
# Measure book for height (H), width (W), and thickness (T).
# Cut board to following size:
* Length= 5(T) + 2(W) + 5.4 cm
* Width = 2(T) + (H) + 1.4 cm
# Mark for vertical folds, working from left and right edge inwards.
# Make vertical folds.
# Mark horizontal fold lines on both left and right edges.
# Trim out as indicated.
# Make horizontal folds. Note that folds on inner and outer trays are not aligned horizontally.
# If box "yawns" and won't stay shut by itself (often occurs in books <1" thick), you may adhere a small (1/4" to 1/2" piece of Velcro with PVA to the inner fore-edge of the outer tray and to the outer fore-edge of the inner tray.
# Use PVA to hold fore-edge walls in place.
Variations
* Via an exchange over Tumblr, University of Notre Dame Preservation and New York University Preservation shared their variations of the corrugated clamshell box. See here Tumblr exchange with NU and NYU Preservation, including informative GIF
Materials
* B-flute corrugated board (Gaylord has recently changed their supplier, so the board available is no longer baby-blue but a slate-blue color, with no other perceivable differences)
* PVA to hold fore-edge walls in place
* clamps (such as Irwin quick-grip) to hold walls while PVA dries
* scalpels or box-cutters 
* bone or Teflon folders
* straight-edge
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Category: Housing
BPG Drop Spine Box with Interior Cradle

Book and Paper Group Wiki > Housings > Drop Spine Box with Interior Cradle
Wiki Contributors: Katherine Kelly, Sarah Reidell, please add your name
==Variation 1==
These images are of a cloth covered clamshell box made according to Katherine Beaty's instructions in "Cradle Box (Double Tray Clamshell Box With Built in Fold Out Cradle)" (2005). See also Beaty’s ANAGPIC (2005) presentation "21st c. Remedies to 19th c. Repairs of an 18th c. Koran: Materials Analysis, Treatment, and Housing" (PDF).
==Variation 2==
This housing style is useful for items that see frequent display (i.e. on VIP tours) and best for volumes greater than 1” thick, using soft bag weights to support the spine. Dimensions and assembly methods for Variation 2 differ slightly from Beaty's instructions in Variation 1 to match the standard New York Public Library construction style for special collections housings where side walls are attached to the exterior of each tray floor board (not placed on top) to help align the pieces at right angles and use the (short) grain direction to increase overall tray strength. Each short wall abuts the long wall at a right angle. Archival paper tray liners wrap around the tray edges. 
200px|Cloth covered drop spine box (clamshell) with interior cradle. Photograph by Sarah Reidell.
==Variation 3==
Jeff Peachey designed a different model and described it in his October 27, 2009 blog post. In this version, the two sides of the cradle are attached to each other and unfold from the bottom tray of the drop spine box. Some potential advantages to this method:
* The spine of the cradle is the same size as the spine of the book and more closely follows the shape of the book.
* There is no risk of the wedge in the outer tray becoming loose over time and unexpectedly falling down onto the book when the box is opened.
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Category:Housing
BPG East Asian Scrolls

Book and Paper Group Wiki > East Asian Scrolls
This page contains information on the materials, structure, and conservation treatment of East Asian scrolls, including hanging scrolls and handscrolls from China, Japan, Korea, or other East Asian countries. See also East Asian Book Formats.
Wiki Contributors: Melody Chen, Qian He, Ika Yi-Hsia Hsiao, Sun-hsin Hung, Grace Jan, Zhichao Lyu, Hsin-Chen Tsai, Jianxiang Zhou, your name could be here
==Terminology==
*
*
==Handling==
In the videos below, conservators demonstrate safe handling of Chinese and Japanese handscrolls.
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art. 2010. "Safe Handling Practice for Chinese Handscrolls" and "Safe Handling Practices for Japanese Handscrolls."
==Further Reading==
==History of This Page==
This page was created in August 2020.
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Category:Paper
BPG Housing of Oversized Prints and Drawings

Book and Paper Group Wiki > Housings > Housing of Oversized Prints and Drawings
Wiki Contributors: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco - Legion of Honor please add your name here
400px 
Delta cabinet contains art in 48" x 72" folders made of lig-free type I .010" folder stock (Conservation Resources.) The sheets are joined with linen tape to create folders. Note that 48" x 72" is the largest sheet of this type of material available without a mill run.
400px
This 80" x 110" cabinet houses prints and drawings between sheets of folder stock (obtained through a special mill run.) At 6" deep, these drawers are way too deep for sensible access.
400px
Artworks larger than 80" x 110" in either dimension are housed on rolls. Industrial shelving units were constructed, at a modest price, to fit in a formerly un-used slim space.
300px 300px
Boxes are constructed of single-ply acid-free corrugated cardboard by museum technician Don Larsen. The design was modeled on boxes made at the Guggenheim for the storage of oversized photographs. A 6" diameter acid-free cardboard tube (Archivart) is used for most objects. This dimension was chosen in order to minimize the size of the boxes yet not cause too great a curl to an object in long-term rolled storage. Ethafoam yokes suspend and secure the tube. The artwork is covered with Tyvek® and secured with double-sided Velcro® One-Wrap® straps (Gaylord.)
300px 300px 300px
Box corners are constructed by peeling off a layer of the corrugated board. Achival quality PVA is used to secure the corner. A bone folder smooths the flap to secure.
400px 
Large framed works of art on paper stored on racks are protected from light exposure with custom box covers that slip onto the framed object. Corners of the box covers are made in the same way as the custom boxes for rolled storage. 
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Category: Housing
BPG Phase Box Variations

Book and Paper Group Wiki > Housings > Phase Box Variations
The traditional phase box can be altered to house oddly shaped books and multi-part objects. 
Wiki Contributors: Stephanie Gowler, Evan Knight, Suzy Morgan, Susan Russick, please add your name here
==Wedge Shaped Book==
The shape of this book prevented it from sitting properly on the shelf. The box's fore edge flap prevents the book from slipping while the box is closed.
300px|The shape of this book prevented it from sitting properly on the shelf. The box's fore edge flap prevents the book from slipping while the box is closed.
==Multi-Part Object==
This volume was accompanied by a set of horn books that are housed in a folder built into the bottom of the phase box.300px 300px 300px
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Category: Housing
BPG Selection for Preservation

Book and Paper Group Wiki > Selection for Preservation
This page discusses factors that conservation staff, preservation administrators, collection managers, curators, librarians, archivists, and private owners may consider when choosing books to receive treatment or other preservation actions. 
Wiki Contributors: Priscilla Anderson, Brenna Campbell, Andrea Knowlton, please add your name here
==Introduction==
===Preservation===
*What it is
*Why it is important
*What actions fall under the heading of "preservation"
*Staff involved in preservation decision making
===Selection for Preservation===
*Definition/Steps
::*Identification
::*Assessment
::*Selection
::*Documentation
*Key questions/considerations
::*Value
::*Risk
::*Institutional Resources/cost
===Institutional relevance and support===
*Importance of a given collection or project to the institution
*Collection Development policies
*Gaining institutional support
==Identifying Items for Preservation==
===Avenues for identification===
*Handling/use
::*Users
::: - Research
::: - Classroom Use
::: - Tours
::: - Exhibitions
::*Staff
::: - Accessioning/acquisitions
::: - Physical processing
::: - Shelf preparation
::: - Digitization
::: - Surveys
::: - Emergency Response
==Information==
===Types of Information===
*Information in the physical artifact
::*Materials
::*Structure
::*Chemical/physical properties
::*Material evidence
::: - Manufacture
::: - Provenance
::: - Use
::: - Care
::: - Alteration
::: - Repair
::: - Aging/deterioration
*Content Information
::*Text
::*Images
::*Data
::*Metadata
==Criteria for Selection==
===Value===
*Use
::*Storage
::*Research
::*Protected display (exhibit)
::*Unprotected display (in-house tours and presentations, classroom use)
*User value
*Current/future value
*Monetary value
*Religious or other spiritual value
*Rarity/accessibility
*Association Value
===Risk===
*Security risk
*Current physical condition
::*Deterioration
::*User Safety
::: - Mold
===Usability===
(how well can the item be used in its current condition)
===Cost===
*Monetary cost
*Time cost
*Exclusion cost (e.g. what else won't get done)
==Case Studies==
==Bibliography==
==History of This Page==
This page was originally created as the "Selection for Preservation" chapter of the Book Conservation Wiki's Preservation section. It was moved into the Book and Paper Group Wiki as part of a reorganization in 2016.
Category:Materials and TreatmentCategory:Book & Paper
Begin a New Page

Back to the Objects Page
Image: oc logo.gif‎ Objects Specialty Group Conservation Wiki 
BEGINNING A NEW PAGE
Contributors: 
Katherine Holbrow.
Your name could be here! Please contribute.
Copyright: 2011. The Objects Group Wiki pages are a publication of the Objects Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 
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=Beginning a new page of the Wiki=
#Decide on your topic. Pick the title for your topic carefully! It is difficult to change the name later.
#Determine where it belongs among the Objects Main Page topics.
#If the heading already exists, great! Click on Edit for that subject (on the right).
#If it doesn't exist, find the gray bar header for that topic and click on Edit (on the right). 
#Add your topic to the list with double brackets like so: [[topic]] 
#Save it and return to the Objects Main Page. Check that your topic has appeared and that it is in the correct spot in the automatically-generated Table of Contents (the blue one).
#Your new topic will be in red (red=unused link. Once you have added text, the link will be blue). 
#Click on it and it will take you to your new, blank page. 
#On the new page, select the Edit Tab.
#Open ANOTHER TAB on your browser, and go to the Objects Main Page. 
#Go to the Objects Template at the very bottom of the list. 
#Go to the Edit Tab and select the text.
#Paste it into your new page
#Save again. Go back to Edit.
#Fill in your text! 
FORMATTING TIPS 
*Select text and use the buttons.
*Remember all the good notes you no doubt took during your training session. 
*When in doubt, cut and paste code from another page that you like the looks of. (But open it in a NEW TAB or you will lose your edits).
*More formatting code is available at this site: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting#Paragraphs
REMEMBER to keep SAVING. If you navigate away from your page or even hit the Edit tab (even though you are in Edit), you will lose it all.
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Back to the Objects Page
Category: Objects.
Blanching

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A lightened or whitish area in layer of paint or varnish layer due to microscopic defects (voids, granules, etc.) that develop within a film layer as it ages. The defects can scatter light making the affected area appear lighter than the surrounding areas. It is distinguished from bloom, which is a surface phenomenon. (Getty Research Institute, 2004)
==Related Terms==
Bloom; milky, pale
=== Translation ===
English 	blanching
Dutch 	blancheren
Spanish 	pasmado
Portuguese 	
Italian 	
German 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	霧白
==Discussion==
During removal of varnish some areas of a painting may take on the appearance of matt and whitish splotches. In these areas the details of the painting may be completely obscured. This damage is due to the fast evaporation of the media used during varnish removal, where a certain amount of the original varnish is left over. Also some chemicals used in the manufacture of paints and ground preparations may also contribute to this blanching effect.
Another school of thought explains Blanching as a phenomena that appears when excessive environmental moisture becomes securely incorporated in to varnish, interfering with the direct transmission of light to and from the painted surface. In such cases, light no longer travels smoothly through the varnish, to the paint layer and back to our eyes, but instead is refracted by pockets of moisture that interrupt the alignment of varnish molecules. the problem is further compounded when dirt also becomes embedded in this layer. the result is that the artist’s pigments appears to be less bright and more chalky then they actually are. The application of appropriate solvent can often reform blanching by redissolving the varnish, which frees trapped moisture and allows the varnish film to dry smoothly again. But this approach does not allow for the complete removal of trapped dirt. (Bhardwaj)
Demeroukas describes blanching in glossary of painting terms as irregular, obtrusive, pale or milky areas in paint or varnish; not a superficial defect like Bloom but a scattering of light from microporosities or granulation in aged films. (Demeroukas, 2010)
==References==
Bhardwaj, Deeksha. "Conservation Problems of the Surface Layer in an Oil Painting." Life in a Fencible Village. https://villager1850.wordpress.com/category/collections/paintings-conservation/conservation-of-paintings-from-col-arthur-morrow-collection/(accessed 16 March, 2015)
Blanching. 2004. Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online. Getty Research Institute. http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ (accessed 16 March, 2015)
Demeroukas, Marie. (2010) Condition Reporting. In Rebecca A. Buck and Jean Allman Gilmore (Eds), Museum Registration Methods Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Alliance of Museums.
Jewett, D. 1983. A glossary for recording the condition of an artifact. Ottawa : Canadian Heritage Information Network, National Museums of Canada.
Category:Lexicon
Return to List of Lexicon Terms
Bleeding

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Bleeding is “the suffusion of color into adjacent materials; most often caused by water or other solvents” (Demeroukas 2010). This can often be seen on various substrates with soluble media such as ink or paint then exposed to water, solvents or high humidity levels. 
==Related Terms==
Stain, Transfer, Color Shift
==Synonyms in English==
Running, Blurring, Muddying
=== Translation ===
English 	Bleeding
French 	Saignement
Spanish 	Desteñido/Manchado
Portuguese 	Hemorragia
Italian 	Emorragia
German 	Blutung
Russian 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	暈染
==Discussion==
Paper objects with soluble materials such as ink are particularly at risk for bleeding. Bleeding can occur when washing the object in water or other solvents or if the object obtains water damage. Bleeding media may transfer media to other portions of the substrate or onto surrounding materials. (CCAHA 2000). Paint can also bleed from one area of a piece into another. (WCCFA).
==References==
 Demeroukas, Marie. "Condition Reporting." In Museum Registration Methods, 223. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: AAM, 2010.
 CCAHA. "Water Damage. "Disaster Recovery. Salvaging Art on Paper. Philadelphia: CCAHA, 2000. Accessed on 16 March, 2016 at http://www.ccaha.org/uploads/media_items/technical-bulletin-salvaging-art-on-paper.original.pdf.
 WCCFA. "Painting Damage Glossary." Accessed on 16 March, 2016 at
http://www.wccfa.com/glossary.html.
Back to List of Lexicon Terms
Bloom

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PMG Inpainting page mentioning bloom
Bloom is a cloudy, waxy, powdery, or hazy deposit on the surface of an object composed of wood, leather, paint, metal, or plastic (Getty). Bloom can appear feathery, crystalline, or matted (Pack 2013). Bloom can sometimes be mistaken for mold, but examination under the microscope will make it clear which is which. Bloom can be white, soft, waxy or melted.
To learn more about bloom read the IIC Studies in Conservation article Fatty Bloom on Wood Sculpture.
==Related Terms==
Blanching; Chalking; Efflorescence; Chill, Cloudiness.
=== Synonyms in English ===
Chill; Clouding; Fatty Bloom; Fatty Spew; Haze
=== Translation ===
English 	Bloom
Dutch 	Waas
French 	Bleuissement
Spanish 	Florescencia
Portuguese 	eflorescência
Italian 	
German 	
Russian 	
Arabic 	
Chinese (Traditional)	起霜
==Discussion==
Although these white-ish deposits may look like Mold (biological infestation), blooms are very different from mold. Often one can distinguish between mold and bloom because the object has been kept under stable environmental conditions, at the proper relative humidity and temperature, making mold growth difficult (Smithsonian Anthropology Conservation Lab 2003). The reason behind why bloom develops differs from object to object and is linked to the object's materials (Museum of Fine Arts). One common cause of bloom is that moisture was caught in one of the varnish layers (Stoneledge 2006). Another prominent cause of bloom, particularly on leather, is the past treatment of leather with oils and soaps, which were originally thought to preserve leather (Pack 2013).
==Further Reading==
*For more information see WHITE SURFACE HAZES
*"Clarifying the Haze" by Eugena Ordonez and John Twilley
==References==
 "Bloom." Getty. Accessed March 20, 2014. http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=bloom&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300186215
 Crista Pack. "What's That White Stuff?" Alaska State Museum. Last modified August 2011. http://alaskawhitestuffid.wordpress.com/
 "The Conservator's Eye: Learning to Expect the Unexpected." Smithsonian Anthropology Conservation Lab. Last modified September 2003. http://anthropology.si.edu/conservation/whatsnew_acl_2003-10.htm
 "Bloom." Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Accessed March 20, 2014. http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Bloom 
 "Bloom." The Fine Arts Conservancy. Last modified 2006. http://www.art-conservation.org/?page_id=1192
Jewett, D. 1983. A glossary for recording the condition of an artifact. Ottawa : Canadian Heritage Information Network, National Museums of Canada. 
 
Category:Lexicon
Return to List of Lexicon Terms
Blueprint

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Back to PMG Photographic Processes
Photographic Materials Conservation Catalog 
Photographic Processes
Date: Initiated ....
Contributors:
The Photographic Materials Conservation Catalog is created and maintained by the Photographic Materials Group of the American Institute for Conservation for the convenience of the membership. The treatments, methods, or techniques described herein are provided for informational purposes. The reader assumes responsibility for any application results or interpretation of information.
==Blueprint==
Historical Facts
thumb| Caption
Text
Identification Characteristics
thumb| Caption
Image layer: Text
Color: Text
Support: Text 
Material description: 
Text
 Process Chemistry
Text
Procedure
Text
Condition
Text
Conservation
Text
Concerns and limitations in treatment:
Text
Housing and Storage Considerations
Housing:
Tex
Storage:
Text
Exhibition and lighting:
Text
Emergency Recovery
Text
REFERENCES
Conservation
* 
Process and Historic Material 
* 
Contemporary Practice
* 
*
Category:Photographic Materials
Category: Photographic Processes
Back to Photographic Materials Chapter List
Back to PMG Photographic Processes