nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Ethylene vinyl acetate

== Description ==
A thermoplastic, elastomeric copolymer. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) are commonly used in packaging applications replacing polyvinyl chloride as the most used resin. EVA copolymers require no curing or plasticizer and have no odor. They can be molded and extruded into many shapes and are available as films, sheeting and tubing. EVA copolymers are clear, tough, crack resistant and retain flexibility at low temperatures. Depending on the proportions of each polymer, EVAs soften at about 70C. They are used in paper coatings, shrink-wrap, and hot-melt adhesives. As hot melts, EVAs have been used in the fabrication of storage and travel cases (Hatchfield 2002).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
E/VAC; ethylene-vinyl acetate (AAT); EVA; VAE; polyethylene/polyvinyl acetate; poliacetato de vinilo-polietileno (Esp.); Airflex (formerly Aircoflex) [Air Products and Chemicals]; Dur-O-Set; Elvace [DuPont]; BEVA; Ultrathene [USI]; Vinnapas [Wacker Chemie]; Mowilith [Hoechst]; Evazote® [Zotefoams];
== Personal Risks ==
Fisher Scientific: [Safety Data Sheet]
== Collection Risks ==
May release acetic acid, especially at elevated temperatures.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiPE-EVAhotmelt.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ethylenediamine

== Description ==
A colorless liquid with a ammoniacal odor. Ethylenediamine is strongly alkaline and will absorb carbon dioxide from the air forming a nonvolatile carbonate. Ethylenediamine is used in developing baths for color photographs. It is also used as a solvent for casein, albumin, shellac, and sulfur. Other applications include use as a textile lubricant and rubber stabilizer.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ethylenediamine.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1,2-diaminoethane; 1,2-ethanediamine; ethylene diamine
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Irritating to skin and eye. 
* Flammable. Flash point = 34C. Gives off toxic fumes in when burning. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water and ethanol. Slightly soluble in ether. Insoluble in benzene.
Composition 	NH2CH2CH2NH2
CAS 	107-15-3
Melting Point 	8.5 C
Density 	0.9 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 60.1
Refractive Index	1.454
Boiling Point 	116 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3841
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.454
Category:Materials database
Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose

== Description ==
A cellulose ether with both an ethyl and a hydroxyethyl functional group substitution. Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) has been produced commercially since 1945. It is available as both an organic soluble polymer (EHEC) and as a water-soluble polymer (Modocoll, Ethulose) The nonionic thermoplastic polymer is a white granular solid that is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener and film former in many types of solutions such as foods, cosmetics and paints. It is also used in silk-screen inks, rotogravure inks and protective coatings for wood, plastic and paper. EHEC is rarely used in conservation. The organic soluble type EHEC is not stable for long-term use (Feller and Wilt 1990). The water soluble type has at least intermediate stability and warrants further testing (Feller and Wilt 1990).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
EHEC; ethylhydroxylethylcellulose; cellulose ethyl hydroxyethyl ether; etilhidroxietilcelulosa (Esp.); EHEC [Aqualon]; Ethulose [Chemaster]; Modocoll [Mo och Domsjo]
== Risks ==
Combustible.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in cold water. Aqueous solutions can be diluted with alcohols and acetone with no precipitation. 
* Insoluble in hot water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, toluene, xylene. 
* pH of 2% solution = 6.0
* CDH Fine Chemicals: SDS
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.Feller, M.Wilt, Evaluation of Cellulose Ethers for Conservation, in Research in Conservation Series, Getty Conservation Institute, 1990.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2014
Category:Materials database
Ethylparaben

== Description ==
Colorless crystals that are used as wetting agents in soaps and also as preservatives in paints and pharmaceuticals.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ethylparaben.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate; ethyl para amino benzoic acid; 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester; Nipagin A; Ethyl Parasept
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol and ether. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C9H10O3
CAS 	120-47-8
Melting Point 	115 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 166.18
Boiling Point 	297-298 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3883
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Etowah marble

== Description ==
A pink marble with shades of darker colors quarried near Tate, Georgia (Bucher 1996). Etowah marble ranges in color from a pale salmon to a deep rose. It polishes to a high gloss. Etowah Pink marble is a variety that has greenish-black veins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Georgia Etowah marble; Etowah Pink marble; Georgia Pink marble
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Etruria marl

== Description ==
A carbon containing clay used to produce Wedgwood pottery in Etruria, England. Etruria marl has a high iron content. It was also used for brick and tiles.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Eucalyptus oil

== Description ==
An essential oil obtained from the dry leaves of several species of Eucalyptus trees (especially E. salicifolia, E. Dives and E. globulus) and each type of tree produces a slightly different composition. Most eucalyptus oils contain cineole as the primary component. Cineole is a water-insoluble liquid that has a camphor-like odor. Eucalyptus oil is also used for leather conditioning, as a textile lubricant, as a synthetic sperm oil, as an insect repellent and as a cleaner/deodorizer. Small amounts of the oil are added to cough drops and decongestants.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
eucalyptol; esencia de eucalipto (Esp.); huile d'eucalyptus (Fr.); olio di eucalipto (It); cineol; cineole; cajeputol; piperitone
== Risks ==
May yellow and solidify with age.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
CAS 	8000-48-4
Refractive Index	1.456
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 382
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 3840
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Eucalyptus." Accessed 7 Apr. 2005 .
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.456 (cineol)
Category:Materials database
Euclid bluestone

== Description ==
A uniform texture, deep blue gray building stone quarried near Euclid in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Euclid bluestone was used for trim, sills, caps, grindstone, and foundations. 
See also bluestone
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Eugenol

== Description ==
A colorless, essential oil that smells like cloves. Eugenol is extracted from clove oil obtained from the evergreen tree Caryophillus aromaticus. It is currently used in perfumes, flavorings, and as an antiseptic in medicine. Eugenol has been used as a preservative for proteinaceous media and adhesives. One other application is as an insect attractant.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|eugenol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
clove oil; 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol; caryophyllic acid; eugenic acid; 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenyl; allylguiacol
== Risks ==
* Combustible. Flash point = 104 C (219 F) 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible with ethanol, chloroform, ether, oils. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	C10H12O2
CAS 	97-53-0
Melting Point 	-9.1 C
Density 	1.0664 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=164.2
Boiling Point 	225 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 201
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3944
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Euhedral

== Description ==
A crystalline form that is readily recognized by its planar faces. Euhedral minerals are recognize by their characteristic crystalline faces. In a rock where most of the grains are euhedral, the fabric is said to be idomorphic granular.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
automorphic; idiomorphic; euédrico (Port.); automórfico (Port.); idiomórfico (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009.
Category:Materials database
European beech

== Description ==
A large, deciduous tree, Fagus sylvatica, native to northern Europe. Beech trees have a smooth gray bark and a hard, heavy wood. European beech trees are often grown in large hedgerows. The reddish-brown, close-grain beechwood bends well and gives a smooth shiny finish. Beech is a commonly used timber for flooring, cabinetry, furniture, veneer, tool handles, and turnery. It was occasionally used in panel paintings in western Europe.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Fagus sylvatica; Almindelig Bøg (Dan.); Rotbuche (Deut.); haya (Esp.); hêtre (Fr.); beuk (Ned.); Buk zwyczajny (Pol.); Bok (Sven.); faia (Port.); faggio (It.); beechwood; common beech
== Risks ==
Skin contact and dust inhalation may cause irritation and allergies. Highly acidic. May evolve volatile organic acids.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Large trees growing to 35 m. 
* Bark= smooth, gray. 
* Leaves= simple with veins and toothed edges. 
* Fruit= Large husk containing 2 shiny brown edible nuts. 
* Wood is acidic. 
* Color: Pinkish brown with dark brown rays. 
* Rings: obscure. 
* Pores: diffuse, fine. 
* Grain: faint. 
* Rays: distinct. 
* Hard, strong and heavy. 
* Specific gravity = 0.7-0.9.
* Density = 45-55 ppcf
== Resources and Citations ==
* Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004: Wood anatomy of central European Species: Beech, Fagus sylvatica L.
* Alden Identification Services, Microscopic Wood Identification: Link
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Beech (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 93
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Europium

== Description ==
A silver gray metallic element from the rare-earth group. Europium was first identified by Sir William Crookes in 1889. It occurs naturally in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite and has an abundance in the earth's crust of 2 ppm. Metallic europium is soft, malleable and oxidizes readily in air. It forms both divalent and trivalent salts. Europium salts are used in cathode ray tube coatings for color television receivers, high intensity mercury vapor lamps, lasers, x-ray screens and neutron scintillators.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Eu
== Risks ==
* Sensitive to air and moisture. 
* Highly reactive but not thought to be toxic. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in liquid ammonia, dilute acids and reacts with water at room temperature.
Composition 	Eu (atomic no. 63)
CAS 	7440-53-1
Melting Point 	826 C
Density 	5.244 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt=151.965
Boiling Point 	1429 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 3951
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "europium." Accessed 7 Apr. 2005 .
Category:Materials database
Euville limestone

== Description ==
A fine-grain, silvery white to cream-color limestone quarried near Euville in France (Lent 1925). Two varieties of Euville stone were available; both were used for building interiors and exteriors.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Evapo-Rust

==Description== 
[Harris International Labs] A brand name for a non-acidic rust removing solution. Evapo-Rust uses a selective chelation system to target iron oxide then remove it from the metallic surface as ferric sulfate. The system does not have sufficient strength to break the iron-to-iron bond thus leaves the non-rusted metal intact. After rust removal, the metal surface may be rinsed with water, then painted, plated, or coated.
 
==Risks== 
* Non-toxic, non-hazardous and non-flammable
* Waste is safe for any disposal method
* Evapo-Rust: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Safe for plastics and rubbers
* Solution is neutral (pH = 6.1)
==Working Properties==
* No dilution or preparation is needed for the solution.
* Piece must be submerged in Evapo-Rust. Brushing or wiping on will not work
* Evapo-rust solution is spent when it turns black.
* Removing dirt from the object will speed the rust remove process
* Litgh rust amounts may be removed in 30 minutes, but deep rust may require overnight soaking
==Forms and Sizes==
* Available in 1 gallon, 5 gallon and 55 gallon sizes.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Rust Store: Evapo-Rust
* Fran Ritchie, National Park Service, contributed information, June 2022.
Category:Materials database
Evasol

== Description ==
[Book Restorations] A brand name for an aqueous adhesive emulsion containing an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. Evasol was manufactured for conservation use to release less acetic acid than similar adhesives by containing less polyvinyl acetate and more long-chain polyethylene in its copolymer formulation. The current formulation contains no plasticizers. Polyethylene is used to make the co-polymer more flexible
== Personal Risks ==
* The adhesive is not classified as hazardous, but the residual monomer is considered toxic. 
* Use in a well-ventilated area. 
* Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may result in irritation and dermatic effects. 
* May be an eye irritant.
* Evasol: SDS
== Collection Risks ==
Evasol has passed the Photographic Activity Test. The adhesive has an initial pH of 6.5 to 7, but will drop slightly over time.
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below
° Evasol adhesive, clear tested in 2015
° Evasol tested in 2003
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Emulsion has 58 – 60% solids
* Viscosity = 2000 – 3000 cps
* Emulsion pH = 6.5 – 7
* Dry film will reconstitute to an emulsion form in contact with water.
== Working Properties ==
Evasol may be applied with a brush or roller. It may be diluted with water or mixed with other adhesives such as starch or methyl cellulose by 10-15% before losing tack. The adhesive has a shelf life of up to 3 years, and requires occasional stirring. It should not be refrigerated, to avoid coagulation.
== Forms and Sizes ==
500 mL, 1 liter, 5 liter, and 20 liter containers
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Evasol page on the Book Restorations website contains links to product information, instruction, and safety data sheets (accessed 6/2020).
* Emma Guerard, contributed information, MWG group, 2020.
Category:Materials database
Category:MWGCategory:Adhesives
Category: Adhesive: Water-based
Excelsior

== Description ==
A former trademark for fine, curly wood shavings. Excelsior is used as a packing material for breakable articles. It is light and provides an effective cushioning material. Excelsior is usually made from poplar, aspen, basswood, or cottonwood and may contain a combination of several woods obtained as a byproduct from woodworking. It has been used for cushioning heavy stone sculpture and architectural elements (Shelley, 1987). However, two cautions are provided: 1) excelsior is hygroscopic and may turn into wet mush if exposed to widely varying temperatures and humidities, and 2) excelsior should not be used for shipping metal objects as any wood product may emit small amounts of organic acids, such as acetic acid.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wood wool
== Risks ==
May evolve organic acids.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 876
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Excitation emission matrix (EEM)

== Description ==
The Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) is a specific measurement that is becoming more widely used within the field of fluorescence spectroscopy. In a typical fluorescence (emission) measurement, the excitation wavelength is fixed and the detection wavelength varies, while in a fluorescence excitation measurement the detection wavelength is fixed and the excitation wavelength is varied across a region of interest. An emission map is measured by recording the emission spectra resulting from a range of excitation wavelengths and combining them all together. This compilation is a three dimensional scan that results can best be represented as a contour plot of excitation wavelength vs. emission wavelength vs. fluorescence intensity. 
Excitation can occur at many wavelengths. When we set the instrument to scan through several excitation wavelengths, we can determine which wavelength excites the most molecules to fluoresce. This is called the Excitation maxima. Exposing the compound to this maximum excitation wavelength we can measure the emission curve The point with the highest emission is called the Emission max. For these three reds shown in the plot, their Excitation and Emission maxima are distinctly different. Additionally, the maxima that the emission for safflower is in the yellow region, madder is in the orange region, and sappanwood is in the red region.
THE MFA Scientific lab EEM instrument is set to step through the excitation wavelengths every 10 nm and collects a full emission curve at each excitation wavelength. So Instead of looking at the single line plots, we usually plot a contour map that provides the full data in the form of a three dimensional plot were the excitation wavelength is given on the vertical axis and the emission wavelength on the horizontal access. The intensity of the absorption or emission is given by the color with dark red being the most intense. The angled bar on the plot is where the excitation and emission wavelengths are identical, thus the detector is saturated at these points. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
EEM; Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Fluorimetry; Spectrofluorimetry
==Additional Images==
File:Excitation Emission Matrix Horiba.jpg|Excitation Emission Matrix plot from Horiba: EEM
File:Derrick Fluorescence red comparison.jpg|3-dimensional contour plots for some organic reds; (MFA)
File:MFA EEM yellow 3D.jpg|thumb|3-D EEM spectra for some common yellow colorants; (MFA)
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: Fluorescence spectroscopy
* Horiba: EEM
Category:Materials database