nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Kapton

Kapton® is a trademark of DuPont.
Kapton is a Polyimide film developed at DuPont in the 1960s. As it is stable over a wide range of temperature, it has found many uses. It has good dielectric properties as well as high thermal conductivity, making an ideal material for electronic applications. 
A common application of dielectric tapes used to insulate electrical connections.
Fa-decoder.jpg|Kapton tape used to secure wires and decoder
Kapton Tape.png|Kapton tape used to insulate connections
In DCC, it is useful to secure decoders. It is very thin, yet strong. Polyimide tape with its silicone adhesive can attach decoders and wires to the locomotive frame. The adhesive does not ooze out over time, like cheap vinyl (electrical) tape. It is stronger and cleaner than the typical vinyl electrical tape sold in many stores. Being thinner also means less problems with clearances and binding. Polyimide does not withstand mechanical wear very well. 
These properties make it idea for fixing wires in place, as well as securing the multifuntion decoder during installation. Do not wrap the decoder, as this may lead to overheating.
It is used extensively in the semiconductor and electronics industry due to its high temperature tolerances, especially for masking circuit boards during wave soldering operations. It is durable enough to remain during the entire production cycle, often being present on consumer goods in their final form.
Compared to black vinyl electrical tape, it is very expensive.
Polyimide tapes can be sourced from any electronic supplier, as well as some hobby shops which specialize in DCC.
Category:Electronics
Category:Wiring
LB101

== Lenz LB100/LB101 Dual Occupancy Detector ==
;The LB100 is no longer in production.
The LB101 contains two independent occupancy detectors, each of which can be used to detect that a train or piece of rolling stock occupies a section of track. It operates on the “current sensing principle”. The LB100 only detect occupancy when there is a "current consumer" within the monitored track section (detection section). The LB101 has been designed to detect a decoder equipped locomotive or a single car with lighting or resistor wheelsets.
When the LB101 detects that there is something it its detection section, the LB100 closes a switch. This switch can be used to trigger other devices such as signals or layout feedback devices such as the DIGITAL plus LR100 encoder. The LB101 is compatible with all NMRA DCC systems.
=== Connecting the LB101 to a Feedback Unit ===
;The feedback unit has been upgraded to the LR101
You can connect a total of 8 LB100s to one LR101. That equals 16 detection sections. If you want more detection sections on your train layout, simply add another set of LR101/LB101s.
=== Manuals ===
https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/50598841/lb101-dual-block-occupancy-detector-lenz-usa
Category:Lenz
Category:Wiring
Category:Signaling
Category:Electronics
LCC

LCC - Layout Command Control -- "DCC for the rest of your layout"
:See article called Layout Command Control for additional information.
A new traction and transport agnostic layout control bus that uses pre-assigned node IDs, and is defined as a suite of protocols based on Events, Datagrams, and Streams. 
OpenLCB is the open development organization developing the OpenLCB protocol suite. For more information see: http://OpenLCB.org and http://NMRAnet.org. The NMRA is adopting a subset of this suite as LCC. See: NMRA Standards at http://www.nmra.org/index-nmra-standards-and-recommended-practices
== The LCC Channel Welcome and Intro ==
LCC-FC

This clock is designed for use with the Layout Command Control Bus.
== Features ==
The LCC-FC has the following features:
*	Large (0.8"), easy-to-read, red LED digits
*	Local 12 or 24 hour time format
*	PM indicator
*	Ability to change the network time and fast rate
*	Configurable features
**	Pause time upon power up
**	Flashing colon when clock is running
**	Initial/default (i.e. power-up) time
*	Use JMRI PanelPro for advanced features such as event triggering (e.g. turn building and street lights on/off)
*	Adjustable brightness level
*	Two LCC bus jacks for connecting to other LCC devices
*	Pre-mounted faceplate (~2.8" x ~5.8")
*	Selectable power options:
** Bus power: the LCC-FC will take power FROM the LCC bus (<150 mA)
**	Self-power: an external wall transformer (e.g. our #WT12DC) plugs into the LCC-FC and provides power TO the LCC bus
**	Local power: an external wall transformer plugs into the LCC-FC but does NOT provide power to the LCC bus
=== Included ===
*	Fast clock module with pre-mounted faceplate
*	2 ft. LCC cable
*	User's Guide
==LCC-FC-L==
This is a fast clock with 2.3" LED display.
LCC Concepts

This page is related to Layout Command Control.
== Layout Command Control ==
===Producer===
A device which has the ability to Produce an Event
===Consumer===
A device with can respond to, or Consume an Event. It could be a turnout or an indicator lamp. 
Some consumers, such as a signal mast, may also be producers. An event telling it to change aspect may result in the signal logic producing a message to update a control panel to show the aspect. 
A signal head may also consist of multiple consumers. This will result in a lot of traffic, and was employed by C/MRI. A simpler method is to use an event to tell the signal logic (an aspect driver) what to do.
===Event===
A message indicating something has happened, or will/should happen.
;There can be multiple Producers creating an Event, as well as multiple Consumers reacting to it.
An event could be used to change one signal or turnout, or multiple devices to create a route and properly signal it. External logic is still needed (such as hardware or JMRI) to produce the event. It is also possible to have a completely independent signalling system which makes decisions based on the events, and issues new events to control movement of trains.
===Node===
A NODE is a hardware device which you install to do something. Think of it like a DCC booster or Decoder. Every node has a globally unique Node ID assigned by the manufacturer. A common convention is that a nodes default Event IDs are based on the node ID, guaranteeing unique events. Event IDs may, however be freely assigned by the user.
====Configuration Description Information====
All configuration information, values and user names reside permanently in the nodes. There is no need to synchronize them externally or move files around.
This information is stored in the node as a CDI file. The CDI is in xml format, but because it references internal register locations it is not advisable to attempt making any changes manually. 
CDI editing is available through JMRI. Other tools exist as well.
Category:Layout Command Control
LCC VAmpmeter

==Description ==
Vampmeter Voltmeter and Ammeter. Designed to be inserted into the LCC network to measure voltage and current. Can be installed anywhere in the network. Two RJ jacks for making the connection.
* Dual 4 digit continuous readout of voltage and current
* Red and blue display
* Includes a short jumper cable to simplify insertion anyplace in your existing network. 
===Specifications ===
* 4-30VDC 10A maximum. 
** RJ Connectors limited to 1A
LDH Ibérica

==Description==
As of Oct 2021, they seem to be defunct.
Somos una joven empresa dedicada exclusivamente a la producción y venta de controles digitales para modelismo ferroviario. En Enero de 2010 hemos lanzado nuestro nuevo decoder DCC 4F1.5A para locomotoras en escala H0. Pero no nos quedaremos aquí.... hay mucha vía que recorrer en el mundo DCC. Nuestro objetivo es facilitar, mediante nuestros productos, el salto a la nueva tecnología DCC para el manejo de trenes en miniatura. Para concretarlo hemos acuñado una frase "El Cliente Primero". El Cliente Primero, nuestro principal modelo de conducta, y para ello hemos dirigido nuestros esfuerzos manteniendo informado al cliente con manuales, descripciones, consejos, soporte técnico por correoelectrónico y hasta un Newsletter periódico con el que no solo despejaremos dudas sino que informaremos sobre los productos comercializados.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are a young company dedicated exclusively to the production and sale digital controls for model railways. In January 2010 we launched our new decoder for DCC 4F1.5A for H0 scale locomotives. But we will not stop here .... there are many way to go in the DCC world.
Our goal is to facilitate, through our products, the jump to new technology for managing DCC model trains. We have in mind our main idea "Customer First."
Customer First, our primary role, and for this we directed our efforts to keep the client informed manuals, descriptions, advice, technical support by email and Newsletter.
LE063XF

Provides 0.5 amperes continuous motor current. 
* Two on/off function outputs that can be configured either for directional lighting or for full Rule 17 lighting. 
* Headlight dimming (by setting a CV). 
* Short (2-digit) and long (4-digit) addressing 
* Advanced consisting
* Analog Conversion
* 14/27 speed-steps, 28/55 speed-steps, or 128 speed-steps with direct drive. 
=== Replacement ===
Atlas Item # 518299, the AN12A0 Four-Function DCC Decoder for Atlas N 
Scale Locomotives.
LEC001020

== Details ==
* Module equivalent to the BM1 module from Lenz.
* Allows the gradual stop and restart of trains running in a DCC environment.
* Maximum current of 1A
* ABC Braking module for compatible decoders
=== Applications ===
* Automatic stop of a train at the foot of a signal.
* Push-pull operation.
* Cantons.
* Automatic stop when the railway switch is not properly set.
* Automatic stop at the station.
LED Lighting and Resistors/Standard Resistor Values

Resistors are made to standard values. The following table lists those values.
If a calculated value is needed, select the nearest standard value from this chart.
== Table of Standard Resistor Values ==
Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%	Standard Resistor Values, ± 5%
1 	10 	100 	1.0K 	10K 	100K 	1.0M
1.1 	11 	110 	1.1K 	11K 	110K 	1.1M
1.2 	12 	120 	1.2K 	12K 	120K 	1.2M
1.3 	13 	130 	1.3K 	13K 	130K 	1.3M
1.5 	15 	150 	1.5K 	15K 	150K 	1.5M
1.6 	16 	160 	1.6K 	16 	16K 	1.6M
1.8 	18 	180 	1.8K 	18 	180K 	1.8M
2.0 	20 	200 	2.0K 	20K 	200K 	2.0M
2.2 	22 	220 	2.2K 	22K 	220K 	2.2M
2.4 	2.4 	240 	2.4K 	24K 	240K 	2.4M
2.7 	2.7 	270 	2.7K 	27K 	270K 	2.7M
3.0 	30 	300 	3.0K 	30K 	300K 	3.0M
3.3 	33 	330 	3.3K 	33K 	330K 	3.0M
3.6 	36 	360 	3.6K 	36K 	360K 	3.6M
3.9 	39 	390 	3.9K 	39K 	390K 	3.9M
4.3 	43 	430 	4.3K 	43K 	430K 	4.3M
4.7 	47 	470 	4.7K 	47K 	470K 	4.7M
5.1 	51 	510 	5.1K 	51K 	510K 	5.1M
5.6 	56 	560 	5.6K 	56K 	560K 	5.6M
6.2 	62 	620 	6.2K 	62K 	620K 	6.2M
6.8 	68 	680 	6.8K 	68K 	680K 	6.8M
7.5 	75 	750 	7.5K 	75K 	750K 	7.5M
8.2 	82 	820 	8.2K 	82K 	820K 	8.2M
9.1 	91 	910 	9.1K 	91K 	910K 	9.1M
Category:Electronics
LH101

== Features ==
* Rotary Speed Control
* 9999 addresses supported 
* Addresses entered via keypad
* Recall Stack of eight addresses
* 29 Functions
** Functions may be momentary or toggle operation
* Direction key
* Emergency stop
* Display indicates functions
* Synchronised control of several locomotives into a consist
* Can display status of Accessory Decoders
* Program Multifunction and Accessory decoders
** Programming Track 
** Operations Mode
* Up to 1024 accessories can be controlled.
* Routes Mode
* Club mode: Handset can be limited to a single loco for an inexperienced driver to operate.
* Works with LZV100 Version 3.6 Software
LH101-R

== Features ==
* Rotary Speed Control
* 9999 addresses supported 
* Addresses entered via keypad
* Recall Stack of eight addresses
* 29 Functions
** Functions may be momentary or toggle operation
* Direction key
* Emergency stop
* Display indicates functions
* Synchronised control of several locomotives into a consist
* Can display status of Accessory Decoders
* Program Multifunction and Accessory decoders
** Programming Track 
** Operations Mode
* Up to 1024 accessories can be controlled.
* Routes Mode
* Club mode: Handset can be limited to a single loco for an inexperienced driver to operate.
* Works with LZV100 Version 3.6 Software
Lenz Digital Plus LH101-R wireless handheld throttle is identical in functionality and operation to the LH101.
# XpressNet connection with radio receiver LTM101.
# Maximum of four radio LH101-R can be operated with the LTM101.
# The radio technology developed in collaboration with Massoth. 
# Two AA cells required for power.
LI-USB

==Lenz LI-USB Computer Interface ==
===LI-USB===
The LI-USB is an Interface for connecting a computer to a Digital Plus by Lenz Digital Command Control system.
All system functions can be controlled via a personal computer (with suitable software).
System requirements: USB interface.
===Li-USB-Ethernet===
The new Digital plus Li-USB-Ethernet Interface not only offers a USB interface, but also an Ethernet interface which facilitates the connection of the device to a computer and/or router. This opens up interesting new possibilities for model railway control, now wireless control using an iPod Touch or iPhone is a reality! 
Connect the Li-USB-Ethernet interface via XpressNet to the command station and via Ethernet to a router. Now you can control your model railway wirelessly with your iPhone or iPod Touch. 
Also read Wireless control with iPhone or iPod Touch on the Lenz website.
===Other Lenz Xpressnet Interfaces===
These devices are now obsolete, so they are not available for sale at the retail level.
====LI100====
The LI100 is used to connect your Lenz DIGITAL Plus system to a computer. All functions of the system are available to computer programs. The LI100 has a RS232 interface for computer connection and connection to the any X-Bus based system.
Manuals for these older products are available on the Lenz Website.
Category:Lenz
LNFC

==Description==
*	Large (0.8"), easy-to-read, red LED digits
*	Local 12 or 24 hour format
*	Local alarm
*	PM indicator
*	Configurable features
**	Local alarm behavior (on/off, flashing colon or alarm indicator)
**	Flashing colon when clock is running
**	Initial/default (i.e. power-up) time
*	Event Triggers
**	Turn layout accessories (e.g. lights) on and off
**	Used in conjunction with any brand of DCC accessory decoder; the LNFC communicates with the Digitrax command station which then issues the appropriate DCC commands
**	Each LNFC supports 4 independent events
** User can program each event to turn on and off at times you select
*	Adjustable brightness level
*	Ability to change the network time and fast rate
*	Two LocoNet jacks for connecting to other LNFCs or other LocoNet products
*	Pre-mounted fascia plate (~2.8" x ~5.8"); module can be mounted in Radio Shack project box #270-1805
=== Included ===
*	Fast clock module with pre-mounted fascia plate
*	Available with or without a 120VAC wall transformer
*	3 ft. LocoNet cable
*	User Guide
LNFC-L

*	EXTRA large (2.3"), easy-to-read, red LED digits
*	Pre-mounted color filter for enhanced visibility (Brightness is not adjustable)
*	Local 12 or 24 hour format
*	Local alarm
*	PM indicator
*	Configurable features
**	Local alarm behavior (on/off, flashing colon or alarm indicator)
**	Flashing colon when clock is running
**	Initial/default (i.e. power-up) time
*	Event Triggers
**	Turn layout accessories (e.g. lights) on and off
**	Used in conjunction with any brand of DCC accessory decoder; the LNFC communicates with the Digitrax command station which then issues the appropriate DCC commands
**	Each LNFC supports 4 independent events
** User can program each event to turn on and off at times you select
*	Adjustable brightness level
*	Ability to change the network time and fast rate
*	Two LocoNet jacks for connecting to other LNFCs or other LocoNet products
===Included===
* 6 foot LocoNet cable
* User Guide
LNRP

== LocoNet Repeater Module ==
The LNRP has been discontinued. The LNRP Xtra replaces it.
=== LNRP ===
==== LocoNet Repeater Features ====
* Allows the LocoNet to be divided into segments
* Disconnects segments when a fault is detected
* Allows the operation of the throttle network to continue uninterrupted 
* Reconnects faulty segments when fault is resolved
* Can be used as a diagnostic tool
* Diagnostic feedback
* Supports more than 20 devices
* Requires a power supply 
** Required to provide RailSync and power to the LocoNet segments
===== Connections =====
# Protected LocoNet jacks, two
# Standard LocoNet Jacks, two on rear
#One throttle jack
The LNRP has two connections for the protected LocoNet and an additional pair of jacks for the Standard LocoNet. 
The command station should be connected to the protected LocoNet
===== Additional Features =====
# Battery Saver circuit
# Track Status
#Status Indicators
=== LNRP Xtra ===
The LNRP Xtra is basically the same, with the inclusion of a PS14 power supply.
Manuals
* LNRP
* LNRP Xtra
Category:Digitrax
Category:LocoNet
Category:Throttle Network
LNRP Xtra

== LocoNet Repeater Module ==
The LNRP has been discontinued. The LNRP Xtra replaces it.
=== LocoNet Repeater Features ===
* Allows the LocoNet to be divided into segments
* Disconnects segments when a fault is detected
* Allows the operation of the throttle network to continue uninterrupted 
* Reconnects faulty segments when fault is resolved
* Can be used as a diagnostic tool
* Diagnostic feedback
* Supports more than 20 devices
==== Connections ====
# Protected LocoNet jacks, two
# Standard LocoNet Jacks, two on rear
#One throttle jack
The LNRP Xtra has two connections for the protected LocoNet and an additional pair of jacks for the Standard LocoNet. 
The command station should be connected to the protected LocoNet
==== Additional Features ====
# Battery Saver circuit
# Track Status
#Status Indicators
Manuals
* LNRP
* LNRP Xtra
Category:Digitrax
Category:LocoNet
Category:Throttle Network
LR101

== Lenz LR101 Feedback Module ==
In the Digital plus feedback concept three components are combined to provide feedback on the status of the layout: Feedback encoder LR101, occupancy (current) detector LB100 and voltage monitor LB050.
The LR101 not only evaluates information from LB100s, but also information from one or more voltage monitor LB050s. If the LR101 determines, via its connection to an LB050, that voltage to the track is lost, it “freezes” the last feedback status.
A locomotive on the track is current draw. When current flows, the LB100 sends “occupied” to the LR101. If for any reason power to the track is lost, no current flows and the LB100 will report “free”, even though that does not correspond to the actual status. However, the LR101 can use the connected voltage monitor LB050 to determine that there is no power to the track. It therefore “knows” that it must not pass the incorrect “free” information from the LB100 on to the command station.
The careful combination of LR101s and LB050s prevents a loss of power or a short circuit from causing erroneous feedback to be sent to the command station.
The command station polls all connected feedback encoders LR101/100 in turn. This takes about 30 milliseconds. This polling is responded to by any LR101/100 that has had a change in status on the inputs. The information for 4 inputs at a time is sent, which requires a time of approximately 2 milliseconds. This time adds to the polling cycle. If several LR101/100 report, then the total length of the polling cycle in milliseconds can be calculated as follows:
:30 + (the number of LR101/100 reporting x 2)
=== Already Using LR100s? ===
LR100s can be used together with the new LR101s. The LR100 uses two feedback addresses, while LR101 uses only one.
=== Specifications===
The LR101 has 8 feedback and one voltage monitor input. On each feedback input you can connect an occupancy detector LB100 or any other potential free (isolated) contact (such a reed switches or relays). A potential free contact is a type of switch that creates no current connections from the layout or other components of the Digital plus system to the LR101.
The input for voltage monitoring is designed solely for connecting with the voltage monitor LB050.
Category:Lenz
Category:Signaling
LS100

== Lenz LS100/LS110 Accessory DCC Decoder ==
* LS100 LS110 Manual
* LS100 Multilingual Manual
=== Specifications of LS100/LS110 ===
Up to four function devices, each with a twin output, can be connected to each LS100/LS110. Power for these function devices can by supplied by the track power or through an external power supply. Each function device output can have its characteristics individually set (by programming). In this way you can program each output with a variable pulse duration, a variable flashing operation or to a constant operation,. This allows the direct connection of lightbulbs or LEDs without additional relays.
Single output of 1.7A, 3A max for 20 seconds. The sum of all four outputs: 1.7A/3A (20 sec) in total.
The LS100 also has a connection for the XpressNet bus of the DIGITAL Plus system. If connected, then the position of turnouts can be sent back to the system when using suitable switch machines. It is possible to display a turnout being thrown by DCC or by hand.
=== Address ===
The LS100's factory default sets the point addresses as 1 through 4. They are always in contiguous groups of 4, such as 1-4, 5-8... Random numbering is not possible.
=== Programming ===
There is a pushbutton for programming the unit.
There are 8 CVs available to set various options. CV 1 sets the device address. CV 3 through 6 set the outputs, to pulse, continuous and flashing. 
=== Connections ===
==== Outputs ====
There are four terminal blocks. They have + / – and Common connections, and two connections labelled RM. The RM connections are for remote sensing, and require the use of a twisted pair. Pushbuttons can also be used on the outputs for manual control.
==== Feedback Bus ====
These are connected to the R and S terminals, which in turn connect to the command station or devices further downstream. LR100/LR101 feedback modules can be used on the feedback bus.
==== Power ====
An additional set of terminals allows for a power supply (AC or track power), as well as the J/K/R/S terminals.
For a separate power source, the terminals with the ≈ symbols are connected to the external power supply, J & K go to the track. For track power, they are connected in parallel. See the manual for full details.
=== Programming ===
There is a pushbutton for programming the unit.
There are 8 CVs available to set various options. CV 1 sets the device address. CV 3 through 6 set the outputs, to pulse, continuous and flashing. 
For more details, see the page on Accessory Decoders.
Category:Lenz
Category:Wiring
Category:Electronics
Category:XpressNet
Category:Signaling
Category:Accessory Decoder
LT1

==Description==
The LT1 uses RailSync power to check the cables. Do not leave it connected as it can destabilize your LocoNet. Cable verification is done by plugging the cable into the tester, and the other end to a Universal Panel (UP-x) to connect it to the LocoNet for power. The four LEDs should light. You must have a throttle plugged into the LocoNet when testing cables.
As the LT1 is not a LocoNet device, it should not be left connected during normal operations.
*If two LEDs on one side don't light, there is a problem between them and the LocoNet common line on that side.
*The two inner LEDs are the data lines. If they do not light, the LocoNet is in sleep mode or there is a problem. If only one lights, plug in a throttle and both should light. (Remove any battery from the throttle first.)
; LED #1: Rail Sync + (Positive), White Wire, 6.2V
; LED #2: LocoNet Data 1, Red Wire, 14.5VDC
; LED #3: LocoNet Data 2, Green Wire, 14.5VDC
; LED #4: Rail Sync − (Negative), Blue Wire, 6.2VDC
See LocoNet voltages for more troubleshooting infomration.
==Video Tutorial==