nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Cboe Digital

Cboe Digital is a subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets that was created when Cboe Global acquired Eris Digital Holdings, LLC (ErisX) on May 2, 2022, giving it an entry point to digital asset spot and derivatives markets, as well as clearing and settlement.
Cboe said it would operate the ErisX digital asset business as a subsidiary called Cboe Digital, with Thomas Chippas, CEO of ErisX, remaining as head of the digital asset business. Cboe also said it would leverage digital asset data from ErisX to develop and distribute digital asset indices for potential use in ETP creation and other derivative products.
Cboe Digital’s clearing arm, Cboe Clear Digital, is a traditionally structured central counterparty for clearing and settlement. 
== History ==
In August 2022 Cboe said it was in discussions with several potential equity partners, including retail brokers and market makers, about taking strategic stakes in ErisX/Cboe Digital. Cboe said it planned to form a Digital Advisory Committee that includes the equity partners, which would advise the firm on the development of ErisX spot and derivatives markets and the Cboe Digital business.
On June 6, 2023, Cboe Digital received CFTC approval to launch margin futures on Bitcoin and Ether. Cboe Digital was the first U.S. regulated crypto native exchange and clearinghouse combination platform to offer leveraged derivatives products.
In August 2023, the digital asset technology firm Crossover Markets Group said it was collaborating with Cboe Digital to offer a clearing solution for trades across digital asset execution platforms, using its flagship product, CROSSx. Crossx is the first external technology venue to provide connectivity to Cboe Digital.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
* John Palmer, President
== References ==
Cboe EDGX Equities Exchange

The Cboe EDGX Equities Exchange is one of four U.S. equities exchanges -- the BZX Exchange, BYX Exchange, EDGA Exchange and EDGX Exchange -- operated by Cboe Global Markets. EDGX is Cboe's main equities venue.
On February 3, 2025, Cboe Global Markets announced plans to offer 24-hour, five-days-a-week trading for U.S. equities on Cboe EDGX, subject to regulatory review and industry developments. The exchange said the proposed expansion aims to meet growing global customer demand for expanded access to U.S. equities markets. The plan calls for trading Sunday night through Friday night, with breaks only on the weekends.
== History ==
Cboe (formerly CBOE Holdings, Inc.) added the EDGX Equities Exchange, as well as the BZX Exchange, BYX Exchange and EDGA Exchange, to its roster when it acquired their previous operator, Bats Global Markets, in February 2017. 
Both the EDGX and EDGA Exchanges had been operated by Direct Edge, which merged with Bats Global Markets in 2014. 
== Products and Services ==
Cboe EDGX Equities Exchange serves a broad group of market participants, but is particularly focused on retail customers, which made up approximately 50 percent of the monthly trading volumes on the exchange as of February 2021. The EDGX Equities Exchange traded an average of 705 million shares per day in 2020.
The EDGX Equities Exchange plans to further expand its trading hours beginning March 8, 2021, pending regulatory approval. The opening of trading will move up to 4 a.m. ET instead of 7 a.m. ET, with order acceptance beginning at 3:30 a.m. ET instead of 6 a.m. 
The exchange offers a distinctive allocation model called "Retail Priority," introduced in November 2019. It differs from the traditional time-based allocation model used by most U.S. equities market centers that allocate trades to orders that arrive first at a price point. The Retail Priority mechanism introduces enhanced order book priority for orders submitted on behalf of retail investors, increasing the probability that their orders will be executed. 
== Key People ==
== References ==
Cboe EDGX Options Exchange

Cboe EDGX Options Exchange is one of four options markets owned by Cboe Global Markets. 
Before Cboe acquired the exchange in the purchase of Bats Global Markets in 2017, EDGX was the second options exchange owned by Bats. Then named Bats EDGX Options, it launched on November 2, 2015. Cboe rebranded it as Cboe EDGX Options Exchange after the acquisition.
EDGX is based on a customer priority/pro rata allocation model and is designed to complement the Cboe BZX Options Exchange, which is a pure price-time, maker-taker model market. 
EDGX Options is located in the Equinix NY5 data center, where the other BATS U.S. equities and option markets and its institutional foreign exchange ECN, Hotspot, are located. Members could begin connecting to the new market on August 17, 2015. 
== History ==
Bats first filed with the SEC to launch EDGX as a second options exchange on April 16, 2015 and received SEC approval for the exchange on August 10, 2015. With the launch of EDGX Options, Bats hoped to compete for a new segment of order flow that did not trade on the price-time markets that Bats operated. The pro-rata market accounted for about two-thirds of the trading in the overall U.S. options market at the time.
On November 1, 2019, Cboe officially launched Retail Priority on EDGX. Retail Priority offers an allocation model that differs from the traditional time-based allocation model used by most U.S. equities market centers that allocate trades to orders that arrive first in time at each price point. The Retail Priority model focuses on improving execution quality and trading outcomes for individual investors and the firms facilitating their orders, by reducing their time to execution. Under the mechanism, individual investors' displayed limit orders will post at the front of the order queue for same-priced orders submitted on Cboe EDGX. Thus it changes the order allocation priority model on EDGX to price-retail priority-time priority. 
== Products and Services ==
Options trading with a customer priority/pro rata allocation model
== Key People ==
*Edward T. Tilly, Cboe CEO
*Bryan Harkins, Cboe Executive Vice President, Head of Markets Division
== References ==
Cboe Empowers

Cboe Empowers, a community engagement program that provides students with mentorship, scholarship and guidance throughout their academic career, was founded by Cboe Global Markets, Inc., in 2021.
The program gives students access to Cboe's associates, resources, work environment and other learning opportunities.
Initially launched in Chicago, Cboe said it planned to expand the program to its other Cboe office locations, including those outside the U.S. Cboe Empowers is designed to support students throughout their educational careers, from primary school to higher education. The program was initially set up in a partnership with the Chicago Public School (CPS) system.
The exchange operator said Cboe Empowers plans to supplement its programs by continuing to work with local partners, including the Greenwood Project,
a nonprofit organization dedicated to introducing Black and Latinx students to careers within the financial industry, and Working in the Schools (WITS), a literacy enrichment program for Chicago public elementary school children.
Cboe Empowers officially launched in the spring of 2021 when Cboe donated $250,000 to Navy Pier on behalf of the Greenwood Project to support educational programs and youth summer employment in Chicago. Several Greenwood Project scholars also were selected to participate in Cboe's 2021 summer internship program. 
== References ==
Cboe Options Institute

The Options Institute is the educational arm of the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) that provides both person-to-person and online training on how to manage risk or capitalize on opportunity by using various options strategies. 
Established in 1985 as one of the earliest formal learning organizations in the security options arena (see Options education), the Institute has become a widely used industry resource for individual traders and institutions. Topics range from the basics of options to more advanced strategies. 
A comprehensive curriculum, taught by trading industry professionals, covers all phases of the options business - from understanding options to using options to managing client accounts. Theory, strategy and hands-on trading simulations combine to enhance the learning experience. Many courses are free, and others charge a reasonably low fee.
On July 30, 2015, CBOE announced a collaboration with the Singapore Exchange (SGX) to launch the first international extension of the CBOE Options Institute. The "CBOE Options Institute at SGX" is expected to launch in the fourth quarter of 2015. It will be dedicated to engaging Asian investors in the effective use of options and volatility strategies to manage risk. The program will be part of the Singapore Exchange’s SGX Academy. 
== Courses and Seminars ==
*Three free online tutorials covering options basics:
**Options Basics
**People and Electronics: How a Trade is Made
**Advanced Strategies
*Courses for each level (4 basic, 3 intermediate and 3 advanced courses)
*Ongoing free webcasts for all levels
*Upcoming options seminars and events
*Customized programs that target different experience levels, industry segments, and venues. Each program teaches how options are a useful tool for investment and mitigating a portfolio's risk. The Institute has designed programs for:
**individual investors
**institutional investors
**international market participants
**retail brokers
**colleges and universities
*CBOE TV -- free daily updates/reports you can access online
*"Ask the Institute" allows market users to ask questions about option concepts, strategies, and terminology. There also is an archive of past questions.
== References ==
Category:Educators
Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index

The Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index, also known as the SPX DISP, is a measure of the magnitude of dispersion or variability among individual stock returns within the S&P 500 Index. It quantifies the degree to which individual stocks within the index are moving independently of each other.
The index is calculated using options on the S&P 500 Index, specifically using options on the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY), which is designed to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index. By analyzing the implied volatility of options on SPY, the index aims to provide insights into market expectations regarding the degree of dispersion among individual stock returns within the S&P 500 Index. It derived from the prices of
options on the S&P 500 and selected S&P 500 constituents using a modified VIX® methodology.
Traders and investors use the Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index as a tool for understanding market sentiment and potential opportunities for trading strategies, particularly those focused on volatility and correlation among stocks within the S&P 500 Index.
The Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index is created and released through agreements between Cboe and S&P Dow Jones Indices.
==Resources==
*Cboe S&P 500 Dispersion Index Methodology</ref>
*Indexology Blog
== References ==
Category:Cboe Indexes
Category:Indexes
Category:S&P 500
Cboe Short-Term Volatility Index

On October 1, 2013, Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) announced that it had created a new benchmark volatility index – the CBOE Short-Term Volatility Index (ticker symbol: VXST), and had begun disseminating values for the new index. 
VXST reflects investors' consensus view of expected stock market volatility. Whereas the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) has a 30-day horizon, VXST looks out just nine days, making it particularly responsive to changes in short-term volatility triggered by market events, such as earnings, government reports and Fed announcements. 
The Short-Term Volatility Index was designed to complement the VIX.
In February and April 2014, respectively, CBOE Futures Exchange (CFE) and CBOE introduced CBOE Short-term Volatility Index Futures and options, with weekly expirations. 
== References ==
Category:CBOE
Category:Volatility
Category:Volatility Indexes
Category:Indexes
Cboe Short-term Volatility Index Futures

Futures and options on CBOE Short-Term Volatility Index (VXST Index) with weekly expirations, were introduced for trading on February 13, 2014 and on April 10, 2014, respectively, in response to proven demand for Weeklys options generally, and volatility contracts that measure a shorter time period in particular. 
Like the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX Index), the Short-Term VIX Index reflects investors' consensus view of expected stock market volatility using CBOE’s proprietary VIX methodology. Both indexes use S&P 500 Index (SPX) options in their calculations. Whereas the VIX Index uses SPX monthly options to measure expectations of 30-day volatility, the VXST Index uses SPX options that expire every week (including SPX Weeklys) to gauge expectations of nine-day volatility. 
The 30-day VIX Index and the nine-day VXST Index are highly correlated, but the VXST Index is generally more volatile than the VIX Index. 
In addition to taking advantage of the shorter time horizon of Short-Term VIX Index products to respond to near-term market moves, VXST options have weekly expirations and a similar settlement process as VIX options and futures, enabling traders to create strategies using VXST and VIX to capture changes in the volatility term structure. 
==Futures contract specification==
== Notes ==
CBOE SHORT-TERM VOLATILITY INDEX Fact Sheet 
CBOE Short-Term Volatility Index Futures Specification
==Reference==
Cboe iBoxx iShares High Yield Corporate Bond Index Futures

== Notes ==
* Contract specifications chart
Trade at Settlement (“TAS”) transactions are permitted in CB Index futures and may be transacted on the CFE System, as spread transactions, as Block Trades (including as spread transactions) and as Exchange of Contract for Related Position transactions. The trading hours for all types of TAS transactions in CB Index futures are (i) during extended trading hours, except during the extended trading hours period from 3:00 p.m. Chicago
time to 4:00 p.m. Chicago time on a normal Business Day; and (ii) during regular trading hours until the Daily Settlement Time for CB Index futures. Accordingly, on a normal Business Day, the trading hours for all types of TAS transactions in CB Index futures end at 3:00 p.m. Chicago time. TAS transactions in an expiring CB Index futures contract are not permitted during the Business Day of its final settlement date.
The permissible price range for all types of TAS transactions in CB Index futures is from 0.10 index points below the daily settlement price to 0.10 index points above the daily settlement price. The permissible minimum increment for a TAS single leg transaction, a TAS spread transaction, a TAS Block Trade (including as a spread transaction) and a TAS Exchange of Contract for Related Position transaction in CB Index futures is 0.005 index points. Any TAS transaction must satisfy the requirements of CFE Rule 404A. All TAS orders are required to be Day Orders, Immediate or
Cancel Orders, or Fill or Kill Orders. TAS Market Orders, TAS Stop Limit Orders, TAS Good-‘til-Canceled Orders, and TAS Good-‘til-Date Orders are not permitted. The ticker symbol for IBHY futures TAS transactions is IBHYT and the ticker symbol for IBIG futures TAS transactions is
IBIGT.
Cboe mini-VIX futures

The Mini Vix futures was a cash settled index futures contract traded on the Cboe Futures Exchange, or CFE. It traded from its launch in 2009 until 2014.
Mini VIX Futures Futures contracts exist for the months of January (F), February (G), March (H), April (J), May (K), June (M), July (N), August (Q), September (U), October (V), November (X) and December (Z). The deliverable product for the Mini VIX Futures Futures contract is None; this contract is cash-settled based on the Cboe Volatility Index. The contract were one-tenth the size of the standard VIX futures contract. 
The contract was delisted in 2014.
==Contract Specifications==
Ticker Symbol: Mini VIX = VM
Contract Size: 100x the VIX index (100 dollars for 1 VIX point)
== References ==
Category:Cboe
Category:Volatility Products
Category:Defunct Contracts
Ceci Rodgers

__NOTOC__ 
Ceci Rodgers is an award-winning journalist living in Chicago. Her stories have appeared on CNN, CNNfn, CNBC, NBC, Business Week Weekend and CEO Exchange. She has worked as a financial journalist for more than twenty years, primarily as a national and international business reporter for CNN’s Moneyline from Chicago, New York, Washington, D.C. and Tokyo. 
She has taught business and economics reporting at Medill as an adjunct professor since 2006. She was awarded the Freedom Forum Foundation’s Fellowship in Asian studies in 1991; the National Commission on Working Women’s Spot News Feature award for her story on women working in Chicago’s trading pits; she shared in CNN’s Peabody Award for its continuous coverage of the 1987 Stock Market Crash and CEO Exchange’s 2007 Clarion Award for best national TV talk show.
== Background ==
Rodgers covered Chicago's booming derivatives markets starting in the 1980s, including live market coverage on CNN and CNNfn from inside Chicago’s bond futures and stock index futures trading pits. 
She was previously the Chicago bureau chief for Knight Ridder Financial News. She began her financial journalism career there as a reporter. Before that, she was the first woman weekend anchor/managing editor at the CBS-affiliate station in Rockford, Ill.
== Education ==
Rodgers graduated from Northwestern University's School of Speech with a bachelor’s degree in communication studies, and the Medill School of Journalism with a master's degree in journalism.
== References ==
Cecile Nagel

__NOTOC__ 
Cécile Nagel is a UK-based listed derivatives exchange and clearing executive who was appointed CEO of BNY Mellon Pershing's EMEA business, effective October 1, 2022. Nagel leads the EMEA management team in the UK, Channel Islands and Ireland, and is based in London. She also is a member of Pershing’s global executive committee. She joined the company from EuroCCP, where she served as CEO starting in 2018. 
Nagel was named CEO of EuroCCP in July of 2018 and started in September 2018. She succeeded Diana Chan. She served as CEO when Cboe acquired EuroCCP.
== Background ==
Nagel joined EuroCCP from the London Stock Exchange Group, where she held a number of senior management positions starting in 2009. Before taking the EuroCCP post, she worked as head of LSE markets global product development and LSE exchange-traded products.
She served in several other roles at LSEG, including head of strategic planning for the group and global head of equities and commodities at LCH Group. 
Prior to joining LSEG, she worked at Oliver Wyman from 2006 to 2009 and at the Financial Services Authority from 2002 to 2006.
== Education ==
She earned her master's degree in management and finance from ESCP Europe. 
== References ==	
Category:London Stock Exchange - Former Employees
Category:LCH - Former Employees
Category:Oliver Wyman - Former Employees
Category:UK FSA - Former Employees
Category:Clearinghouse CEOs
Cecilia Caglio

__NOTOC__ 
Cecilia Caglio is an economist with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). She joined the SEC in August of 2008 as an economic fellow after serving on the faculty of George Washington University and American University.Her current research focuses on the impact of financial market regulation on different aspect of market quality and on the competition among stock exchanges. 
 
In December of 2008, she and fellow economist at the SEC, Daniel Aromi said in a report to former SEC Chairman Christopher Cox that the so-called uptick rule was less effective when needed most, during panics that drive prices down and volatility up. Even with delays imposed by an aim to curb speculators in the market, short sellers in a simulation executed trades 25 percent faster on average when stocks plunged than when prices were steady, according to the study.
== Background ==
She previously worked at OEA in 2005 and 2006. Caglio was also faculty member at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona and research fellow at the Ente Luigi Einaudi in Rome. 
== Education ==
She earned her Ph. D. in 2003 from Bocconi University.
== Resources ==
 "Order Submission Strategies and Information: Empirical Evidence from the NYSE," Alessandro Beber and Cecilia Caglio, June 2005
== References ==
Category:Bios - Economists
Cees Vermaas

__NOTOC__ 
Cees Vermaas is a Guernsey-based exchange executive who is the CEO of The International Stock Exchange Group.
Formerly, he was managing director and CEO of CME Europe Limited, the London-based affiliate of CME Group. He assumed the role in January 2015. 
He led the development of CME Group's international strategy and build-out in Europe, a task begun by the late Robert Ray, who died in March 2014.
== Background ==
He resigned from his post as chief executive officer of Euronext Amsterdam, a division of NYSE Euronext on August 1, 2014, after having been with the company for more than 12 years.
Vermaas started his career in 1992 as head of IT and logistics for a Dutch franchise company within the Philips Group. Between 1995 and 2001, he held a variety of positions in The Netherlands, including commercial director of the IT-firm IMC Business Applications and management consultant for both Getronics and CMG Finance.
He was appointed as head of cash market Netherlands of Euronext Amsterdam and executive director sales Europe in December 2001. In May 2009 he was appointed executive vice president, head of European cash markets. In June 2010 Vermaas was appointed as CEO of NYSE Euronext Amsterdam and member of the managing board of Euronext N.V. He also joined the management committee of NYSE Euronext at that time.
Vermaas was appointed to the role of CEO at The International Stock Exchange (TISE) on November 2nd, 2020, replacing Fiona Le Poidevin. He also assumed a role on the groups board of chairman.
== Education ==
Vermaas graduated in technical business administration at the Institute of Technology in Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
== References ==	
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:CME Group - Former Employees
Category:NYSE Euronext - Former Employees
Ceinex

Ceinex (China Europe International Exchange) is a Frankfurt-based exchange China and Germany formally agreed to establish to trade a number of renminbi-denominated products. It is set to open for business on November 18, 2015. The exchange will allow international investors to buy shares in exchange traded funds that hold renminbi-denominated Chinese assets. Until late 2015, controls imposed by China on the use of its currency abroad prevented foreign investors from buying such assets.
Deutsche Boerse and the Shanghai Stock Exchange each own 40 per cent of the company, and China Financial Futures Exchange holds the remaining 20 per cent stake. Ceinex will employ about 20 people. 
== History ==
The agreement was signed on October 29, 2015 in Beijing by Gui Minjie, Chairman of Shanghai Stock Exchange, Carsten Kengeter, CEO of Deutsche Boerse AG, and Zhang Shenfeng, Chairman of China Financial Futures Exchange, in the presence of the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The establishment of CEINEX is is the result of a financial market dialogue that began in March 2015.
== Products and Services ==
Ceinex will start out offering cash market products like ETFs and bonds. All cash market instruments will be tradable via Xetra, Deutsche Boerse’s cash marketplace with approximately 200 participants. CEINEX is the first dedicated platform for authorised RMB-denominated trading outside mainland China.
== Key People ==
== References ==