nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Sonodynamic therapy

Sonodynamic therapy is either a) a potential, but yet clinically unproven form of chemotherapy, or b) more likely, if it's being already sold to you, a quack cancer treatment. Sonodynamic therapy claims to use ultrasound and light to enhance the cytotoxic effects of drugs described as "sonosensitizers." In vitro and animal studies continue as of 2018, but clinical trials are still mostly lacking.http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2017.6.JNS162398https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128121009000164 Current results are not considered compelling and it is rejected by both mainstream science and some woo-promoters alike.Even the Daily Mail doesn't buy it. Like with dichloroacetate, there is some genuine scientific interest, but this doesn't mean that the therapy is safe or effective, something which can be only shown with actual clinical trials.
The promotion of sonodynamic therapy motivated an unprecedented initiative by health authorities in the UK to warn patients about bogus cancer treatments.Sarah Boseley. "Cancer patients warned against clinics offering unproven treatments." The Guardian. 2012 November 30.
==A land of confusion==
It's never a good sign when practitioners keep alternating between a wide set of science-sounding titles for the therapy itself (ranging from the utterly vague to the overly technical). Known aliases include:
*Sonodynamic therapy
*Activated therapy
*Sono Photo Dynamic Therapy (SPDT)
*Next Generation Photodynamic Therapy (NGPDT)
*Ultrasound Activated PDT (UAPDT)
It should not be confused with the entirely legitimate photodynamic therapy (PDT). No way were the inventors trying to capitalise on that when they named it, no sir.
==Quackery==
As with all truly ground-breaking discoveries suppressed by the cancer industry, the studies supporting this are in low impact factor journals, including journals specialising in alternative therapies.Study about "The Tumoricidal Effect of Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) on S-180 Sarcoma in Mice" in the journal Integrative Cancer Therapies, a journal dedicated to "alternative… and traditional medicine therapies."
Promoters of the sonodynamics attempted to push their nonsense on Wikipedia.See this edit clearly promoting the woo-based company "SonneMed," plus a different editor attempting similar things.
==External links==
*PubMed paper on sonodynamic therapy.
*Images from this real PDT study have been fraudulently used to promote a form of SPDT offered by Hope4Cancer clinics.
==References==
Category:Cancer woo
Sonya Fitzpatrick

Sonya Fitzpatrick is a British crank and ex-model claiming to have the ability to talk to animals (mostly pets), whether they are alive or dead. She had a show on Animal Planet called The Pet Psychic that ran for less than a year. With the show now cancelled, she now prattles on satellite radio.Listen at your own risk She has published two books and refers to herself as "the most experienced and trusted animal communicator in the world".About Sonya 
==External links==
*Her website
==References==
Category:British people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Radio
Category:Living people
Category:Psychics
Sound healing

Sound healing is the use of specially crafted sounds in an attempt to induce positive medical or spiritual effects. Some sound healers claim to allow listeners to expand consciousness, "repair DNA", or alter brainwave states, among many other claims. While studies using EEG and various neuroimaging techniques have shown that meditation may alter brainwave activity, sound does not and cannot alter DNA. 
Sound healing is not to be confused with the legitimate practice of In short, to put it succinctly, sound healing is not a sound therapy.
==Leonard Horowitz==
One of the more famous sound healers — and general cranks — is Leonard Horowitz, best known for his popularization of the frequency 528 Hz and of the so-called "solfeggio frequencies".Horowitz's personal siteThe Book of 528 He has given 528 Hz such epithets as "the universal LOVE constant", asserted that it repairs DNA, and has cherry-picked all kinds of convoluted numerological and pareidolic inferences to attest to 528's magic.For instance, a mile is 5280 feet, and the golden ratio is indicated by the symbol φ, which is the initial of the Greek word φιλία, which in English is LOVE, and 528 is the universal LOVE constant! Conversely, he subscribes to the conspiracy theory of A440 tuning being imposed by the Rockefeller foundation and the Nazis, and refers to it as "...an institutionally imposed frequency that resonates in harmony with aggression and in dissonance with LOVE."Musical Cult Control 
Despite the incoherent logic and handwavey babbling that is his work, Horowitz and his "solfeggio" frequencies (396, 417, 528, 639, 741, 852, created via numerology) are incredibly popular. You can find lots of hour-long 528 Hz DNA-repair spiritual meditation vibration relaxation videos on YouTube; people enjoy them because the music itself is soothing, not necessarily the tuning system used to derive it.
==See also==
*Acutonics
*Leonard Horowitz
*Solfeggio frequencies
*Vibroacoustic therapy
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Pseudophysics
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Sound woo
SourceWatch

SourceWatch (formerly Disinfopedia) is a wiki dedicated to profiling government and corporate spin doctors. According to their mission page:
The wiki is a project of the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) think tank, which also runs PRWatch. According to CMD, it does not accept government grants or corporate donations.CMD funding and donors list CMD was founded by environmental activist John Stauber.
The site suffers somewhat from liberal bias in that there's not much documentation of left-wing front groups, though the wiki is meant to concentrate on corporate FUD campaigns. Occasionally, some anti-scientific stuff from nature woo-meisters creeps in and a few editors like to slap Koch Industries under the funding sections of every front group page. However, the wiki is in general active and well-maintained and collects a lot of good sources and research. Their coverage of global warming denialism, oil and coal interests, and tobacco front groups is superb.
By contrast, their information pertaining to animal testing is atrocious, calling the whole exercise vivisection. They also downplay and whitewash PETA's insanity, hypocrisy, and media stunts, as well as the shenanigans of ecoterrorists and the radical fringes of the animal rights movement. Their coverage of Big Pharma and alternative medicine is rather inconsistent. Some of their alt-med and pharma pages actually link to good skeptical resources like Quackwatch and The Skeptic's Dictionary debunking nature woo and quackery. However, some other pages are loaded up with anti-vaccination crankery and alt-woo references, including some really egregious quacks like Dana Ullman. Their articles on GM crops and Monsanto are a mix of logical fallacies, distorted events, half-truths, and outright lies, with the occasional fact thrown in.
==External links==
*SourceWatch homepage
*PRWatch
*About CMD
*Article critical of SourceWatch by ACSH
==References==
Category:Journalism
Category:Media
Category:Propaganda
Category:Wikis
South African farm attacks

Attacks on owners of South African farms have become a pressing issue in the country.
In 2010, Andre Botha of the agricultural union Agri SA stated that there have been 11,785 attacks and 1,804 murders since 1991 — a rate of two farm murders a week.http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detail-news/article/two-safrican-farmers-attacked-per-day-42398.html
==Motives==
===Robbery===
In a study conducted by D. Mistry and J. Dhlamini, 90% of perpetrators interviewed gave robbery as a motive.http://www.iss.co.za/CJM/farmrep/part7.pdf In 1998, Martin Aylward, a spokesman for the South African Police Service, stated that investigations had not revealed any orchestrated efforts. "Farmers are just easy targets for criminals," he said. "They are in rural areas. They tend to have weapons that criminals want. They have some money. It's really in only a few instances that nothing has been taken."http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/world/rural-white-south-africa-afraid-and-armed.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm Jack Loggenberg of the Transvaal Agricultural Union has a different view, however, claiming that the victims are "not only killed, but also tortured brutally, and sometimes nothing is stolen... It could be organized, but we don't have the facts."
===Race and conspiracy theories===
Many farm owners believe that the attacks are racially motivated and intended to drive white farmers out of commercial farmlands.http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/safrica2/Safarms7.htm In an attack on a white farmer with a mixed-race wife that occurred in 1998, the attackers reportedly told the woman that they only killed whites, not mixed-race people.http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/world/rural-white-south-africa-afraid-and-armed.html A 2002 report from Genocide Watch stated that over 1000 ethno-European farmers have been murdered in South Africa since 1991; the organisation has argued that these murders constitute attempted genocide.http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/SAfrica2002Over1000BoerFarmersInSouthAfricaHaveBeenMurderedSince1991.pdf
However, according to a 2003 report, black, Indian, and mixed-race people comprise 48% of the victims of farm attacks. The victims of farm murders, meanwhile, include a higher percentage of white people.http://www.issafrica.org/CJM/farmrep/part9.pdf Whites own 73% of all farmland in South Africa, so white people are actually underrepresented in these attacks.Whites Own 73% of South Africa's Farming Land, City Press Says. Bloomberg. Furthermore, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other racial group in the country. Specifically, 1.8% of murder victims in 2009 were white, despite the fact that whites make up around 8.9% of the population.Are SA whites really being killed ‘like flies’? Why Steve Hofmeyr is wrong. Africa Check.
The attacks have given rise to genocide conspiracy theories, holding that they are masterminded by the South African government, or even by an international body that is directing the government. These ideas are examples of the white extinction scenario.
==References==
Category:Crime
Category:Racism
Category:Conspiracy theories
Category:South Africa
South America

South America is the place where all the South Americans live. It's also home to llamas, which are like goats, only with longer necks and a tendency to spit on things. South Americans eat notably large quantities of meat (especially in Brazil and Argentina).
From an evolutionary standpoint, the continent might have once (before humans showed up and cleaned it out) had a biosphere even more unusual and peculiar than Australia's, including enormous rodents (like capybaras on steroids), ground sloths, and marsupials found nowhere else in the world. Trees like the avocado and the Brazil nut are believed to be remnants of the pre-human ecosystem that supported these large extinct animals, of which the aforementioned capybaras and llamas (and similar camelids such as alpacas and vicuñas) are among the few survivors; however, there's still plenty of strange and unusual things left in the Amazon River basin, even including some of the very few groups of people never contacted by outside civilization. Some commercially important plants, including tomatoes, cacao, coca, some chile peppers, and numerous exotic hardwoods sought by the furniture industry, originate in South America as well.
In addition to the vast biodiversity of the Amazon basin, South America is also home to the tepuis of Venezuela, immense mesas containing diverse and unusual pocket ecosystems, along with some of the tallest waterfalls in the world. In the 19th century, the tepuis were thought to hold many ancient species such as unknown dinosaurs and became the inspiration for Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World; however, although few such throwbacks actually exist, the tepui ecosystems are still very, very interesting for a determined researcher.
==Exports==
Due to its geographical isolation, South America is one of the very few areas where a wine industry has grown up untouched by the phylloxera plant louse that nearly wiped out the European wine industry in the 19th century; as a result Chile and Argentina have become home to orphaned and obsolete grape varieties such as Carmenère and Malbec and have used these varieties to distinguish themselves from the other wine-producing countries of the world. 
South America's other two most famous exports, oil and drugs, are the basis for the North American economy, at least partially. Argentina is also a major exporter of prime aged beef products and a major importer of prime aged Nazis, though not as many as some people think.
==Looking for any specific country?==
*Argentina
*Bolivia
*Brazil
*Chile
*Colombia
*Ecuador
*Las Malvinas Falkland Islands
*France (French Guiana)
*
*Paraguay
*Peru
*
*Uruguay
*Venezuela
Category:Geography
Soňa Peková (slovensky)

Česká lekárka a genetička, ktorá si užila "svojich 5 minút slávy", keď predpovedala, že koronavírus na celom svete zmizne do Vianoc 2020 (nezmizol).
Pekovej názory sa počas pandémie COVID-19 postupne radikalizovali a stala sa hviezdou dezinformačnej scény v Česku a na Slovensku.Otakar Horák, Prečo sa Soňa Peková mýli? Jej testy majú nedostatky, podľa vedca z SAV šíri konšpiračné teórie, Denník N, 5.5.2020
Pekovej pomýlené názory pretláčala napríklad InfoVojna, ZEM & VEK, Hlavné správy, Christianitas, Extra plus, či N@palete. 
== „Koronavírus do Vianoc zmizne“ ==
Na začiatku pandémie nosila rúško, odporúčala dodržiavať hygienické opatrenia a tvrdila len toľko, že vírus je "atypický". Pekovej postoj sa však postupne radikalizoval: popierala účinnosť rúšok, pochybovala o účinnosti vakcín a začala konšpirovať o umelom pôvode vírusu, farmaceutickej lobby a spochybňovala nebezpečnosť vírusu. Nakoniec v júni 2020 v rozhovore pre Reflex predpovedala, že žiadna druhá vlna nebude a dokonca, že vírus na celom svete do Vianoc zmizne. Túto svoju predpoveď navyše potvrdila v októbri, v čase, keď počet infikovaných rástol a druhá vlna začínala. Pekovej dôvod bol navyše úplne absurdný - SARS-COV2 vraj srašne rýchlo mutuje, čím sa v genóme „zakládají chyby“ - „oni na tu svoji rychlost dojedou“. 
* 18.3.2020 „Neříkám, že virus je umělý, ale je velmi atypický.“
* 19.3.2020 Verejnosť sa dozvedela, že Soňu Pekovú v Česku obvinili z finančných podvodov.
* 3.6.2020 „Domnívám se, že žádná druhá vlna nebude. Plošně mezi lidmi už se to šířit nebude. Tady jsme to vyčistili. … Myslím si, že jsme z toho venku. A za pár měsíců bude i celý svět. … Myslím, že opravdu zmizí, troufnu si odhadnout do Vánoc.“
* 27.8.2020 Peková bola obžalovaná, hrozí je 10 rokov väzenia pre podvod za 9 miliónov. eur Českej biologičke Pekovej hrozí 10 rokov väzenia. Pre podvod za 9 mil. eur, aktuality.sk, 28.8.2020
* 6.10.2020 „Myslím si, že do Vánoc z toho budeme venku. Virus vymizí.“
* 28.12.2020 „Určitě nechci odvolat nic, co jsem o koronaviru kdy řekla. Omlouvat se nemám žádný důvod – vše, co jsem řekla, nadále platí.“ Druhú vlnu podľa nej spôsobil iný kmeň. „Objevil na přelomu září a října, to jsme těžko mohli kdo tušit“ a teraz „musíme počkat, až tento kmen zmizí, stejně jako vymizel ten jarní“.Martin Štorkán, ANKETA: ‚Omlouvat se nemám žádný důvod.‘ Peková, Šmucler a další výroků o koronaviru nelitují, iRozhlas.cz, 28.12.2020
* Rok 2021 „Asi Vás namnoze překvapí, že druhá vlna není způsobena „jarním“ virem, ale virem novým, s delecí v S proteinu, podle kterého ho u našich pacientů bezpečně diagnostikujeme. Jarní kmen s největší pravděpodobností vymizel, jak jsem předpokládala.“
Pripomeňme, že podľa Pekovej vírus SARS-COV2 veľmi rýchlo mutuje a zároveň nikto nemohol tušiť, že sa objaví nový kmeň. Tieto tvrdenia si priamo odporujú. Navyše do Vianoc nezmizli ani "staršie" varianty koronavírusu.Jiří Doležal,Opravdu doktorka Peková věří na umělost koronaviru?, Forum24, 22.12.2020
 
==Referencie==
Category:Slovensky
SpEak You're bRanes

spEak You're bRanes ("A collection of ignorance, narcissism, stupidity, hypocrisy and bad grammar") was a blog dedicated to chronicling the dumbest and most reactionary of reader contributions to British news websites — topics usually ranged from racism and nationalism to blind obsessions with the death penalty. It started with a focus on the BBC's Have Your Say comment sections but then expanded to include the comment sections other news websites, especially those of the Daily Mail. Think of it as a British media equivalent of Fundies Say the Darndest Things. The page has since disappeared, but the archived version is thankfully preserved for those who want to while away a few entertaining hours.
Its last article was published on February 2012, and the site closed in November 2015.https://web.archive.org/web/20150615000000*/http://ifyoulikeitsomuchwhydontyougolivethere.com/
==Examples==
A typical example of an item picked up by spEak You're bRanes for attention and comment was provided by James Delingpole's article in the Daily Mail, humbly and innocuously entitled: "How the BBC fell for a Marxist plot to destroy civilisation from within".How the BBC fell for a Marxist plot to destroy civilisation from within From the Daily Mail The cause of civilisation being destroyed? Why, the BBC and academia sometimes using BCE and CE instead of BC and AD, of course! Some will no doubt recall that the reason Conservapedia was founded was because it came to Andrew Schlafly's attention that Wikipedia had adopted the same evil, puke-inducing convention (even though it actually allows both styles depending on context, as do the BBC and academia). Here are some views on the matter from the Mail's comments section that spEak You're bRanes highlighted for scholarly assessment deserved ridicule:further discussion Further discussion of this item on spEak You're bRanes
If you ever feel a little depressed with life and need a bit of a pick-me-up, just remember that you're not Catch-42 from Macclesfield, England and you should feel better in no time.
==External links==
* If you like it so much why don't you go live there? (Wayback machine)
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Internet
Category:Media
Space

Space is big. Really big.Seriously, it's huge. You just won't believe how vastly hugely mind-bogglingly big it is. You may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist, but that's just peanuts to space.With thanks to Douglas Adams. See also this BBC Infographic attempting to convey distance just within the Solar System: How Big Is Our Own Solar System?
==The Universe==
On the most basic level, "space" can be summed up as the X, Y, and Z (forward/backward, up/down, left/right) coordinates that make up the Universe. Space, generally, is everywhere that everything exists in. In mathematical constructs and physical theories, space is melded together with time to make a four-dimensional spacetime. So where X, Y, and Z are our physical dimensions, A to B represents the when we are inside of X, Y, and Z.
==Outer space==
"Space" is also used to refer to "outer space," or "up there as opposed to down here." There is no definite boundary where outer space begins, but it is generally said to begin about above the surface of the Earth. This is just above the level of the mesopause (the top of the mesosphere) where temperatures are as low as -100° C and the atmospheric pressure is 0.2% of that at sea level, or less. The official U.S. definition of an astronaut is someone who has flown above this level.
Most of outer space is a near vacuum, that is, there are very few atoms or molecules floating around it (as little as one atom per cubic centimetre, which seems like a lot until you remember how small atoms are). It is mostly populated, apparently, by dark matter, but contains a lot of dust and fine particles as well as objects that are large enough to be of concern: galaxies, stars, planets, asteroids, and so on.
==Space exploration==
"Space exploration" refers to the efforts of humanity to explore outer space. A lot of it is outside the scope of RationalWiki's mission, but more than a half century of space exploration has given birth to some pseudohistory and many, many conspiracy theories — from the Moon landing hoax accusations to the Face on Mars and beyond. Then there is the belief that private firms will now assume responsibility for opening the space frontier.http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2321/1 That the state normally opens physical and technological frontiers is an argument made by both John HickmanReopening the Space Frontier. 2010. Common Ground. ISBN 978-1863358002. and Neil deGrasse Tyson.Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier. 2012. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393082104.
==See also==
*Astronomy
*Cosmology
*NASA
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Science
Category:Physics
Category:Astronomy
Category:Cosmology
Spacetime

Spacetime is a mathematical model in which the three dimensions of space are combined with a fourth dimension of time into a single continuum or a called Minkowski space. Doing so enables us to treat space and time in the same way, and thus greatly simplifies a number of theories in physics, especially the theory of relativity.
In classical physics, it was believed that time was a universal constant and thus independent of motion through space. Special relativity demonstrated that time actually varies with motion, since as we approach the speed of light, our time slows down relative to a stationary observer. General relativity demonstrated that gravitational fields can have a similar impact upon time. Both theories can be more simply expressed with the notion of the change in the rate of time as being due to its bending into space. Without treating space and time as part of the same continuum, such a formulation is impossible.
In relativistic mechanics, the vector space conception of spacetime is hugely helpful in understanding certain predictions of the theory, such as time dilation. Velocity in space and the passage of time collectively form the gradient with respect time of the vector space, and everything in the universe is moving at the same four-dimensional velocity (the speed of light) within that space. Time dilation simply means that more velocity in the three space dimensions requires a correspondingly reduced velocity in the time dimension.
Category:Physics
Category:Science
Category:Time
Category:Cosmology
Spam

Spam is unsolicited commercial email, commercial phone text message, or inappropriately added commercial text in a wiki page usually sent out in bulk to an indiscriminate recipient list. From the perpetrator's perspective, it is the art of forcing everyone else to look at the perp's stupid advertisement and hoping some of them are stupid enough to reply to it or follow the call to action provided such as "click the link."
Spam tends to help promote political conspiracy theories ("OBAMA FAKES ASSASSINATION, COMING FOR YOUR GUNS?!") and marketable pseudoscience ("NEW HERB INCRESES PENIS BY 8 10 15 INCHES?!").
==The food==
Most spam is loathsome, but the original Spam® is highly prized in some places such as Hawaii, where it is now regularly stolen by low-level criminals.Spam heists in Hawaii prompt retailers to put the wildly popular ‘mystery meat’ in locked cases by Fred Barbash (October 19, 2017 at 4:47 AM) The Washington Post. There's an urban legend that Spam is popular among cannibals because it supposedly tastes like human flesh, but this appears to be a hoax originating from a joke by writer Hawaii's Dubious Food Distinction, Denby Fawcett, Huffington Post 3 December 2013
==See also==
*Clickbait — the webpage-based form of spam
*Monty Python — the source of the term
*Gish Gallop — debate tactic that works like spam
*NaturalNews and mirror sites — banned on Facebook and blacklisted from Wikipedia due to spamming
*Search engine optimization
*Fun:Clickbait
*Fun:Spam generator
==External links==
*A history of spam on the internet, We're in Hell
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Food woo
*