nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Multics

Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) is a time-sharing operating system originally designed by MIT, Bell Labs and General Electric for the GE-645 mainframe computer. It is considered one of the most influential operating systems of all time and was the main inspiration for Unix.
== History ==
Multics started development around 1964 for General Electric's then-upcoming 36-bit GE-645 mainframe. Its predecessor, the GE-635, was shipped with "Mark I", an earlier time-sharing system made by the aforementioned company. The first Multics papers were released in 1965, and the first GE-645 unit running Multics was shipped to MIT in 1967. Bell Labs exited the project in 1969, and GE sold its computer division to Honeywell in 1970. Around 1973, Multics began shipping with the Honeywell 6180 (DPS-8) mainframe, which was based on the GE-645.
Honeywell continued Multics development until 1985, about 80 systems were installed worldwide by then. Usage of Multics diminished by the 90s, with faster and lower cost computing options available. The last Multics system, located in Halifax, was shut down in 2000.
The source code of MR12.5, the last commercial release of Multics, was released in 2007. This allowed Multics enthusiasts to continue development of Multics. Version MR12.6f was released in 2017, alongside the SIMH-based DPS-8 simulator.
== Features ==
* Multics was the first operating system to support a hierarchical file system. In addition, it supported long names and multiple names for segments, as well as symbolic links.
* Dynamic linking is introduced. It allows processes to make external subroutines available to it just by loading the segment it's contained in.
* On-line reconfiguration is supported, the CPU, memory and disks could be added or removed while the operating system kept running.
* Several modern security systems were first implemented in Multics, and it had support for ring-based security.
* It was one of the first operating systems to be written in a high-level programming language, known as PL/I.
== Gallery ==
=== Multics MR12.7 ===
MulticsMR12.7-OperatorConsole.png|Operator console
MulticsMR12.7-FirstBoot.png|First boot
MulticsMR12.7-Ready-VT102.png|The "ready message" with the VT102 (132x50) video mode
MulticsMR12.7-ls.png|ls command
MulticsMR12.7-Emacs.png|Emacs text editor
MulticsMR12.7-qedx.png|qedx text editor
MulticsMR12.7-Tutorial.png|Multics Tutorial
MulticsMR12.7-Shutdown.png|Shutdown
Category:Operating systems
Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00 internal revision 4.11

Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00 internal revision 4.11 is a beta build of Multitasking MS-DOS 4, which was compiled on 28 May 1985. This build was sent to a person called "Phillip" (who appears to be a Microsoft partner or at least in a position to receive beta releases of this OS) by an unknown party on 7 August 1985, and then uploaded to a warez BBS on 2 April 1987. This BBS was backed up, and the build was recovered from the backup and released on 23 June 2024 (with numerous other builds of various Windows and MS-DOS versions as well as games).https://archive.org/details/mdos4.ir4.11
This build has poor hardware support (notably worse than the builds before and after it) and struggles to boot or format a disk unless it is running on "true blue" IBM hardware.
== README document ==
==References==
Category:Pre-release builds of Multitasking MS-DOS 4
Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00 internal work 2.06

Multitasking MS-DOS 4.00 Internal Work #2.06 is the Beta 1 build of Multitasking MS-DOS 4, which was released to selected Microsoft partners on 5 June 1984. It was shared on 25 April 2024 together with the source code of MS-DOS 4 and the source code of the IBMBIO.COM file for this build, including drivers and the system initialisation code.https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/opensource/2024/04/25/open-sourcing-ms-dos-4-0/
==Gallery==
4.00-IW206-Floppies.webp|Floppy disks
==References==
Category:Pre-release builds of Multitasking MS-DOS 4
NeXTSTEP

NeXTSTEP, later known as OPENSTEP, is a discontinued Unix-based operating system based on the Mach kernel and BSD. It was initially developed by NeXT for its proprietary computer systems and later ported to other architectures. It includes the Display PostScript and a proprietary windowing engine, the Objective-C language and runtime, an object-oriented application layer with several "kits" and developments tools. The three mentioned toolkits are the development system for all of the software on the system itself.
The last officially released version was OPENSTEP 4.2, which was released before Apple's acquisition of NeXT, however, Apple's developer releases of Rhapsody and the subsequently released Mac OS X Server 1.x were still directly based off OPENSTEP. The core technology was later incorporated in Darwin, the base layer of macOS.
== List of known versions==
===Pre-1.x===
===1.x===
===2.x===
===3.x===
===4.x===
==Notes==
Category:Operating systems
Category:Unix
NeXTSTEP 2.0

NeXTSTEP 2.0 is a version of NeXTSTEP, released on 18 September 1990. It was shipped with the initial batches of the NeXTstation and NeXTcube units. It is the first version to support floppy disks and CD-ROMs. It is also the first version that supports color displays and fax modems.
== Changes ==
* The Directory Browser has been replaced by the File Viewer.
* The black hole icon used to delete files has been replaced with the recycle icon.
Category:NeXTSTEP versions
NeXTSTEP 3.3

NeXTSTEP 3.3 is a version of NeXTSTEP. It is the last version to use the NeXTSTEP branding. Versions after this use the name OPENSTEP. Support for the SPARC and HPPA architectures are introduced in this version, and the only one to support the HPPA architecture.
The computer icon on the File Viewer has been changed from a NeXT computer to a generic PC, as NeXT retired all their computers from sale around 1993.
Category:NeXTSTEP versions
NeXTStep 0.8

NeXTStep 0.8 is the first version of NeXTStep, released in 12 October 1988.
== Features ==
NeXTStep 0.8 is still a rather early build, however it already contains the base set of features and is mostly stable.
===The boot process===
NeXTSTEP always boots with verbose by default, allowing for easier debugging. It also always checks the disks at startup, with no option to turn off. 
The boot process starts with the OS identifying the amount of physical memory, the SCSI controller, the Ethernet address and the display and sound addresses. After identifying, the clock time is identified. If the time has gained more than 2 days, it will prompt to check and reset the date. After, the main installation disk is checked and the ethernet and local interfaces are configured. Lastly, the NeXT services are started and the main desktop environment is launched.
===Dock===
NeXTSTEP introduces the idea of a "dock", with tiles that can be moved around anywhere on screen. However, the NeXT and CD parts of the dock cannot be removed, and are locked to the right part of the screen. The "black hole" tile is also a trash can, allowing for the removal of files.
The options to close the window, view the info and such are viewed on the top left, and can be moved around. The sub-menus can also be teared out and moved around individually.
===Applications===
NeXTSTEP includes a lot of applications, like Directory Browser or InterfaceBuilder.
====Directory Browser====
Directory Browser is a File Manager, which introduces the "Column" view. The view consists of folders. If a folder is opened in the 1st column, all the contents are displayed in the 2nd column, and the contents of the 2nd folder in the 3rd column and so. The current folders name is also displayed on the top, with arrows on the bottom allowing for scrolling.
====Build Disk====
Build Disk formats and builds the local disk. Building the optical disk takes 3 hours, the SCSI disk takes 1 hour.
====Clock====
Clock shows the current time in a window in the top right corner. In the Preferences menu, the Font, Display, Background color and the color of the displayed numbers can be changed.
====Edit====
Edit is a text editor, which can also be used as a file browser.
====InterfaceBuilder====
Interface Builder allows for an app's interface to be built, with options for Views, Windows and Menus. Views contains example buttons, textboxes, switches and options, Windows contains options to create a new individual window or panel, while Menus contains menu options.
====Jot====
Jot is a personal database, where personal notes can be created and stored in a "Jot Folder".
====Library====
The Library (also known as "The Digital Library") is an application containing instructions about the system. To search, a "target" place must be selected and a word describing the desired document must be specified. The Find button searches for the next occurrence of the query string in the current document.
==== Mail ====
Mail is the main NeXT mail reader application.
==== Printer ====
Printer is a printer utility, as well as a fax and scan utility.
Category:NeXTSTEP versions
Neko Project

Neko Project is a set of PC-98 emulators, which are intended to emulate non-IBM compatible PC-9801 and PC-9821 computers from the 1980s up to 2000. It splits into two emulators, being Neko Project II, which emulates PC-9801 computers, and Neko Project 21, emulating PC-9821 computers.
A fork called Neko Project 21/W can emulate PC-98 versions of Windows 1.03 up to Windows 2000 and Neptune.
==Gallery==
1478791681.or.96460.PNG|Windows 2000 build 2128 running in Neko Project 21
Category:Emulators
News and interests

News and interests is a section in the Windows 10 taskbar that shows news from MSN News (later Microsoft Start) and various widgets. It was introduced in Windows 10 build 21286 and would later be backported to the Vanadium and Vibranium codebases starting with builds 18363.1533, 19042.962 and 19043.962.
Windows 10 build 1904x.2075 added support for all taskbar orientations for News and interests. A top, left, or right taskbar now has features and settings much like the horizontal taskbar.
== Removal ==
It was removed in Windows 11, being replaced by the Widgets feature which contains similar functionality.
== Gallery ==
21286 NewsInterests.png|News and interests in Windows 10 build 21286
19042.962-NewsInterests.png|News and interests in Windows 10 May 2021 Update
19045.2604-NewsInterests-TopTaskbar.png|News and interests in Windows 10 build 1904x.2075 onwards – taskbar at the top
19045.2604-NewsInterests-LeftTaskbar.png|News and interests in Windows 10 build 1904x.2075 onwards – taskbar on the left
19045.2604-NewsInterests-RightTaskbar.png|News and interests in Windows 10 build 1904x.2075 onwards – taskbar on the right
=== UI ===
Win10-22H2-News&Interests2.png|Light theme
Win10-22H2-News&Interests3.png|Notification settings
Win10-22H2-News&Interests4.png|Manage interests
Category:Windows components
Category:Introduced in Windows 10
Nickel

Nickel is the 22H2 development semester of Windows as a service, the commercial release of which is Windows 11 2022 Update and Windows 11 2023 Update. Work on Nickel began in March 2021. It was followed by Copper in the first half of 2022.
Early builds of Nickel still use the older Windows 10 branding and user interface as they predate the public unveil of Windows 11.
== List of known builds ==
Category:Windows engineering milestones
Novell DOS 7.00

Novell DOS 7.00 (internally codenamed Panther, also known publicly as NWDOS) is a version of Novell DOS, which was released in January 1994. This version removes support for ViewMAX as seen in earlier versions of DR DOS, leaving it with no GUI file management shell whatsoever. In Germany, Novell DOS 7 was marketed with the slogan "Trau keinem DOS unter 7". The Basic Disk Operating System (BDOS) version is also level 7.2.
== NetWars ==
A copy of a first-person 3D game called NetWars is included in this version of Novell DOS. The objective of the game is to shoot enemies, protect pods and survive as long as possible. The player can also collect satellites to restore shields and customize their ships.
=== Gallery ===
File:Novell-DOS-7-NetWars1.png|Title screen
File:Novell-DOS-7-NetWars2.png
File:Novell-DOS-7-NetWars3.png|Level selection
File:Novell-DOS-7-NetWars4.png
File:Novell-DOS-7-NetWars5.png|Gameplay
== Gallery ==
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup1.png|Welcome
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup2.png|Name, company name and serial number
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup3.png|Virus scan
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup4.png|Keyboard type
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup5.png|Software selection
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup6.png|Proceed with installation
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup7.png|Start installation
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup8.png|Copying files
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup9.png|Installation complete
File:Novell-DOS-7-Setup10.png|End of setup
File:Novell-DOS-7-Login.png|Login prompt
File:Novell-DOS-7.png|Novell DOS 7.00
File:Novell-DOS-7-FDISK.png|FDISK
File:Novell-DOS-7-EDIT.png|EDIT
File:Novell-DOS-7-TASKMGR.png|TASKMGR
== Notes ==
Category:Novell DOS versions
Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 1

Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 1 is a beta build of Novell DOS from 30 June 1993, and the earliest known build of it. It was uploaded to a BBS by an unknown warez group on 21 July 1993.
== NFO file ==
== Gallery ==
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta1-Login.png|Login prompt
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta1.png|Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 1
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta1-NetWars1.png|NetWars
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta1-EDIT.png|EDIT
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta1-TASKMGR.png|TASKMGR
Category:Novell DOS versions
Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 2

Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 2 is a beta build of Novell DOS from 16 August 1993. It was uploaded to a BBS by an unknown warez group on 3 September 1993.
== NFO file ==
== New features and changes ==
* Added a segment of setup which asks the user to enter their name, company name and serial number.
* Added a security feature where if the user tries to install Novell DOS 7 with a password-protected partition, setup will halt and ask the user to disable the security on the existing partition and run setup again.
* NetWars has been updated from version 2.0 to 2.03.
* The login prompt has been finalized.
* TASKMGR has been updated from version 1.02 to 2.00.
== Gallery ==
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta2-SetupError.png|Error seen in setup
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta2.png|Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 2
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta2-NetWars.png|NetWars
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta2-TASKMGR.png|TASKMGR
Category:Novell DOS versions
Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 3

Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 3 is a beta build of Novell DOS from 15 September 1993. It was uploaded to a BBS by warez group UNiTY on 21 October 1993.
== Changes ==
NetWars has been finalized from version 2.03 to 2.06.
== Gallery ==
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta3.png|Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 3
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta3-EDIT.png|EDIT
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta3-TASKMGR.png|TASKMGR
Category:Novell DOS versions
Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 4

Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 4 is a beta build of Novell DOS from 8 November 1993. It was shared to a BBS by warez group MiRTH on 2 December 1993. It is almost identical to the final release.
== NFO file ==
== Gallery ==
File:Novell-DOS-7-Beta4.png|Novell DOS 7.00 Beta 4
Category:Novell DOS versions
Novell NetWare

Novell NetWare is a networking operating system developed by Novell, Inc. When first produced in 1983, it was designed for DOS with networking elements. It initially failed as it required the extensive use of Novell's own hardware (such as file servers) however the system later became hardware independent, running on any PC with Intel architecture.
== List of versions ==
=== NetWare 2 ===
=== NetWare 3 ===
=== NetWare 4 ===
=== NetWare 5 ===
===NetWare 6===
Category:Operating systems
Novell NetWare 6.0

Novell NetWare 6.0 is a version of Novell NetWare, which was released in October 2001. It features a simplified licensing scheme based on users rather than server connections. This allows the user to have unlimited connections to any number of NetWare servers in the network. Novell Cluster Services also improved support for 32-node clusters.
== Gallery ==
File:NetWare-6.0-Boot.png|Boot screen
File:NetWare-6.0-Desk.png|Desktop
File:NetWare-6.0-ConsoleOneSplash.png|ConsoleOne - Splash screen
File:NetWare-6.0-ConsoleOne.png|ConsoleOne
File:NetWare-6.0-Editor.png|Editor
File:NetWare-6.0-FileBrowser.png|File Browser
File:NetWare-6.0-NWRemoteManager.png|NetWare Remote Manager
File:NetWare-6.0-RConsoleJ.png|Novell RConsoleJ
File:NetWare-6.0-ConsoleLog.png|Console Log
File:NetWare-6.0-ServerConsole.png|Server Console
=== Setup ===
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup1.png|Server Properties
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup2.png|Encryption
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup3.png|Protocols
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup4.png|Time Zone
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup5.png|NDS Install
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup6.png|NDS Summary
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup7.png|Licenses
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup8.png|Summary
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup9.png|Copying files
File:NetWare-6.0-Setup10.png|Installation complete
==== Miscellaneous ====
File:NetWare-6.0-Evaluation-Mikom-Polish-CD.png|Evaluation CD (Mikom OEM) (Polish)
Category:Novell NetWare versions
Novell NetWare 6.0 Beta 3

Novell NetWare 6.0 Beta 3 is a build of Novell NetWare 6.0 which was released to beta testers in July 2001. Users residing in the United States were required to obtain a copy of this build for a fee of $15. Users residing in France were required to directly contact Novell via email in order to receive an evaluation copy.
== Gallery ==
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Boot.png|Boot screen
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Desk.png|Desktop
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-ConsoleOneSplash.png|ConsoleOne - Splash screen
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-ConsoleOne.png|ConsoleOne
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-ConsoleOneAbout.png|About ConsoleOne
=== Setup ===
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup1.png|Server Properties
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup2.png|Protocols
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup3.png|Time Zone
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup4.png|NDS Install
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup5.png|NDS Summary
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup6.png|Summary
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-Setup7.png|Copying files
=== Miscellaneous ===
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-CD1.png|Operating System
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-CD2.png|Novell Client
File:NetWare-6.0-Beta3-CD3.png|Documentation
Category:Novell NetWare versions
OPENSTEP 4.0 Pre-release 1

OPENSTEP 4.0 for Mach Pre-release 1 is a build of OPENSTEP 4.0 from September 1995. The codename for this build is "Mecca". Due to its earliness, there are still many references to NEXTSTEP in places such as the boot screen. Unlike other builds of NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP, this build utilizes a dock with tabs that sort programs based on their type. The bootloader in this build has also been updated from 3.3.3.8 to 40.8.
The dock has allegedly been dropped due to frustration from users who were used to the original dock as seen in earlier versions of NeXTSTEP. The dock seen in this version was also the precursor for the Dock introduced in Mac OS X Public Beta.
== Installation ==
It is recommended to upgrade from NeXTSTEP 3.3 via the Upgrader.app program. When the upgrade plan is prepared, click on "Edit plan", mark and click "Skip" for each driver and continue the upgrade through normal means. Failure to do so will result in the system crashing with a kernel panic on boot.
== Bugs and quirks ==
* During the upgrade, there are many inconsistencies, all of which are otherwise non-fatal.
* Attempting to open the Info Panel via FileManager's menu does nothing.
* If the language was set before the upgrade to a language other than English, the language will be set to English, with a few exceptions, such as in the "Starting NeXTSTEP" screen, and the shutdown screens, will remain in said language before the upgrade.
Category:OPENSTEP versions
OPENSTEP 4.1

OPENSTEP for Mach 4.1 is a version of OPENSTEP, released in December 1996. A variant of this version, OPENSTEP Enterprise (OSE), was made to run on top of Windows NT 4.0.
== Gallery ==
File:OPENSTEP-4.1-OOBE.png|OOBE
File:OPENSTEP-4.1-Login.png|Login prompt
Category:OPENSTEP versions
OPENSTEP 4.2

OPENSTEP for Mach 4.2 is the last version of NeXTSTEP, released in January 1997, one month after the announcement of the acquisition of NeXT by Apple in December 1996.
Various patches were available for this release all the way until 1999, when Apple replaced OPENSTEP for Mach with Mac OS X Server 1.0.
== Gallery ==
OpenStep-4.2-Boot1.png|First boot
OpenStep-4.2-Boot2.png
OpenStep-4.2-Shutdown.png|Safe to shutdown screen
Category:OPENSTEP versions
OS/2

OS/2 (Operating System/2) is an operating system originally developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft as an advanced, largely rewritten version of DOS which added support for protected mode and preemptive multitasking. The first version was released in 1987, although it only supported a command line interface (although the multitasking component was released in 1985 to select OEMs as the real-mode Multitasking MS-DOS 4, with development continuing on the protected-mode version until 1987). OS/2 1.1, released a year after in 1988 notably introduced the Presentation Manager, a graphical user interface partially developed in tandem with the contemporary Windows 2.x. However, despite the similarities, there were some key differences between Windows and the Presentation Manager that made it practically impossible to write an application for one platform and then recompile the source code for the other without large changes.
After Microsoft broke up with IBM following the success of Windows 3.0, the latter continued development of OS/2 on its own. OS/2 2.0, released in 1992, introduced support for 32-bit applications, removed almost all Microsoft-written code and introduced a new shell called the Workplace Manager. The new version also included improvements to DOS compatibility, as users were now able to run multiple DOS applications at once via the MVDM (Multiple Virtual DOS Machines). This in turn was used to build Win-OS/2, a subsystem which ran a modified version of Windows 3.0 (later updated to Windows 3.1) on top of MVDM and provided integration between Windows and OS/2 apps. IBM leveraged this in their marketing campaign, which promoted OS/2 as "a better DOS than DOS, a better Windows than Windows".
==Timeline==
Name 	Version	Codename 	Release date	Notes
OS/2 1.0 	1.0 	CP/DOS, ADOS, 286DOS, Big DOS, DOS 5.0	1987-12 	
OS/2 1.1 	1.1 	Trimaran 	1988-10 	Introduced the Presentation Manager
OS/2 1.2 	1.2 	Sloop 	1989-10 	
OS/2 1.3 	1.3 	Cutter 	1990-12 	Last version developed under the joint development agreement with Microsoft
OS/2 2.0 	2.0 	Cruiser 	1992-04 	
OS/2 2.00.1 	2.00.1 	Riker 	1992-10 	
OS/2 2.1 	2.1 	Borg, Yawl 	1993-05 	
OS/2 2.11 	2.11 	 	1994-02 	
OS/2 Warp 3 	3.0 	Warp 	1994-10 	Only version to support PPC-based systems
OS/2 Warp 4 	4.0 	Merlin 	1996-09-25 	
OS/2 Warp Server for e-Business	4.5 	Aurora 	1999-04 	
OS/2 Warp 4.51 	4.51 	MCP/ACP 	2000-11 	
OS/2 Warp 4.52 	4.52 	MCP2/ACP2 	2001-12-17 	
Category:Operating systems
OS/2 1.0 19 April 1986 build

The OS/2 1.0 19 April 1986 build is a build of OS/2 1.0. It is referenced in the file Error.h in the OS/2 SDK, as well as the SDKs for NT-based versions of Windows from at least Windows NT 3.1 to Windows 7 (by the time of Windows 11 2022 Update, it had been removed). The comment appears to have been written by IBM, based on how it mentions the error being removed when "we get the file from MS". Incidentally, the error definition was not removed for a minimum of 23 years after the comment was written, and was only removed when the entire file was removed (possibly as a cleanup of NTVDM-related components when it was removed in Windows 11 due to the death of 32-bit x86 Windows)
/*This is a temporary fix for the 4-19-86 build this should be changed when */
/* we get the file from MS */
#define ERROR_DIRECT_ACCESS_HANDLE 130 /* handle operation is invalid */
Category:OS/2 1.0 builds
Category:Unleaked builds
OS/2 1.1

OS/2 1.1 is a version of OS/2, which was released in late 1988. It was the first version to include a GUI, called Presentation Manager, which resembles Windows 2.x.
== List of known builds ==
=== IBM versions ===
==== Pre-release ====
==== RTM ====
==== ServicePak ====
=== Microsoft versions ===
==== Pre-release ====
==== RTM ====
Category:OS/2 versions