nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
STANDARD 10: Use and Design of Exhibit Enclosures

Back to Exhibit Design Phase
== Standard 10:Exhibit cases should be utilized whenever possible and must always be carefully designed to promote object safety and fulfill the Conservation Requirements ==
From a preservation perspective, enclosed display is the preferred choice for exhibiting vulnerable museum collections. The option to use closed displays should always be carefully considered, regardless of any other preservation strategies to be employed, because a well-designed closed display provides unmatched protection. And effective protection for the most vulnerable objects can only be provided by an enclosure.
While enclosures are always to be preferred from a preservation standpoint, in certain instances, closed display may not be a feasible choice. Interpretive requirements, such as displays within historic buildings, may require open display. In sculpture and painting galleries open display is often necessitated because of aesthetic requirements. Conservation safeguards must then be provided on the macro level throughout the exhibit area.
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information
 Guideline 10.1: Enclosures are used whenever possible and are always used for vulnerable exhibit objects.
:Why is closed display always recommended for protection of exhibit objects?
:What are the conservation advantages of well-designed and carefully fabricated Display Cases?
 Guideline 10.2: Enclosures are carefully designed and fabricated to promote object safety and ensure they meet the Conservation Requirements
:Why is appropriate design and fabrication of cases essential?
:What security options are available in exhibit case design?
:What exhibit case features protect exhibit objects from physical damage?
:What options are available to protect objects from water damage and fire?
:What lighting options are available to protect objects from inappropriate light exposure in cases?
:What options are available to protect objects from inappropriate humidity fluctuations in cases?
:What options are available to protect objects from inappropriate temperature in cases?
:What options are available to protect objects from pollutants and contaminants in cases?
:What design features in cases protect objects from pests?
 Guideline 10.3: The design for the exhibit cases utilizes object-safe materials 
:What materials can be used to construct object-safe exhibit cases?
 Guideline 10.4: Extra precautions are taken to protect objects when open display is unavoidable
:Are there circumstances under which open display is appropriate?
:What precautions must be taken to protect objects in open display conditions?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 11: Exhibit Mounts and Supports

Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
== STANDARD 11 Exhibit mounts and supports must be carefully designed to promote object safety and fulfill the Conservation Requirements ==
An object mount can play an active role in conservation by protecting an object from such risks as theft or physical damage. A well-designed mount will provide support to weak areas, distribute weight safely across a brittle or fragile object, and secure loose parts from moving unintentionally. Mounts can also provide cushioning, which will protect the object from shocks and vibration. Conversely, and as important, a poorly designed mount can create damage by physically stressing an object or exposing it to contact with harmful materials. Because proper mount design is critical to object preservation, it should begin early in the design stage and should involve conservator input as necessary.
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information
Guideline 11.1: The mounting requirements of exhibit objects are planned early in the design phase.
:Why is it important to plan mounts early in the design phase?
 Guideline 11.2: Design of mounts promotes object-safety and always provides appropriate support
:Why is appropriate mount design essential to the conservation of exhibit objects?
:What are the main recommendations to ensure object-safe mount design?
:What are the main options when selecting exhibit mounts?
:When should a conservator be involved in mount design? 
 Guideline 11.3: Object-safe materials are used to construct mounts 
:Why is it essential to use object-safe materials to construct mounts?
:What materials can be used to construct object-safe mounts?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 12: Exhibit Furnishing Design

Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
== STANDARD 12: Design and selection of furnishings within the exhibit space must support object safety ==
All furniture and furnishings within the exhibit space, especially those intended to display exhibit objects, should be designed or selected with object safety in mind. The criteria for display furniture are more stringent than for non-display furnishings. Furniture that is intended to display objects must be strong and stable enough to support objects without risk of collapse or wobbling. Special attention must also be paid to ensure that such furniture is constructed from object-safe materials. However, non-display furnishings can also introduce hazards into the exhibit space and care must therefore be taken in their design and selection.
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information
 Guideline12.1: Furniture and assemblies intended for the display of exhibit objects are designed to be object-safe
:What design features will promote object safety?
:What materials are object-safe for use in constructing display furniture?
 Guideline 12.2: Furnishings and non-display exhibit furniture, such as panels, seating, and carpeting, do not compromise object safety
:What hazards can non-display furniture and furnishings create in the exhibit space?
:What precautions should be taken in the design and selection of non-display exhibit furniture and furnishings?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 13: Materials in the Exhibit Design

Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
== STANDARD 13: Materials used within the exhibit space for construction, furnishing, decoration and interpretive settings must be object-safe ==
Construction and fabrication materials can introduce an array of hazards into the exhibit space. They can age and deteriorate, thus creating dust, off-gas contaminants or harbor pests and molds. Similarly, exhibit props and settings, while they enhance the visitor’s experience by simulating a natural or historic environment, and by placing an object in context or illustrating its use, can introduce hazards to objects in an otherwise clean exhibit environment.
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information 
 Guideline 13.1: Materials used in exhibit fabrication and furnishing are known to be object-safe
:What hazards can construction and fabrication materials create for exhibit objects?
:Which materials are the main sources of pollutants and contaminants?
:How can the exhibit team select materials that will not produce contaminants and pollutants or otherwise damage objects?
:What materials are the most object-safe choices to use in exhibit construction, and which should be avoided?
:What are object-safe materials to use for object labels and exhibit signs?
Guideline 13.2: All unknown and problematic materials are vetted or tested for stability before they are used in exhibit construction and fabrication
:Why is it important to research and test unknown materials before they are used in exhibit construction? 
:What materials fall into the “unknown” category?
:How can unknown materials be researched to ensure that they will not introduce pollutants or contaminants?
:What options are available to have materials tested? 
 Guideline 13.3: Objects and materials selected to create interpretive settings do not introduce agents of deterioration into the exhibit environment
:What risks can exhibit props and materials pose to objects?
:What basic precautions should be taken when utilizing props and materials in exhibit settings? 
:How can water and weather effects be achieved safely in exhibits?
:What precautions should be taken when using taxidermy specimens in exhibits?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 14: Exhibit Layout

Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
== STANDARD 14: The exhibit’s physical layout [spatial design] must promote object safety ==
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information 
 Guideline14.1: The general layout of the exhibit space is object-safe
:What are the specific features of an object-safe floor plan?
 Guideline 14.2: Object placement and layout is compatible with and promotes object safety
:What are the general guidelines for safe placement of exhibit objects?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 15: Light Exposure

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
===STANDARD 15: Mitigating Light Exposure Effective conservation measures [design, controls and policies] must protect objects from harmful light exposure OR: The exhibit design must provide exhibit objects the required level of protection from damaging light exposure ===
Click on the Guidelines below to expand on the topic.
 Guideline 15.1: The designer creates a lighting plan
:What is an Exhibit Lighting Plan?
:What are the key features of an effective exhibit lighting plan?
:What information should be included in the Exhibit Lighting Plan document?
 Guideline 15.2: The exhibit design excludes sunlight
:Why is it important to exclude sunlight from the exhibit space?
:What methods can be used to exclude sunlight from the exhibit space?
Guideline 15.3: The lighting plan eliminates ultraviolet light
:Why should the lighting plan aim to eliminate ultraviolet light from the exhibit?
:What materials can be used to eliminate ultraviolet light from the exhibit?
:What materials are commonly used to protect objects in enclosures from ultraviolet radiation?
:What precautions must be taken to protect objects on open display from ultraviolet radiation?
:What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different options for filtering ultraviolet radiation?
 Guideline 15.4: The lighting plan controls Infrared Radiation
:Why is it important to control infrared radiation?
:What methods can be used to control Infrared Radiation?
 Guideline 15.5: The lighting plan makes effective use of artificial lighting to achieve the light exposure recommended by the Conservation Requirements
:What role can artificial lighting play in meeting exhibit Conservation Requirements for light exposure?
:What amount of light exposure should exhibit lighting aim for?
:What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different lighting systems?
:How can the lighting system be manipulated to control for light exposure?
:What precautions should be taken in placement of lights and beam direction? 
:How can dimmers be used to control for light exposure?
:How can diffusers be used to control for light exposure?
Guideline 15.6: Design strategies are used to enhance visibility without increasing light exposure
:What design strategies can enhance exhibit visibility?
:How can the Color Rendering Index be used to enhance exhibit visibility?
Guideline 15.7: Lighting mock-ups are used to check the light exposure resulting from a proposed lighting plan 
:Why are lighting mock-ups an important step in fulfilling the Conservation Requirements for lighting?
:How are lighting mock-ups constructed?
Guideline 15.8: Architectural modifications are utilized to aid the control of inappropriate light exposure
:How can architectural modifications aid the control of inappropriate light exposure?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 16: Exhibit Signage and Labeling

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
===STANDARD 16: Exhibit Signage and Labeling Exhibit signage and labeling must be compatible with object safety===
Guideline 16.1 Placement of labels does not compromise object safety
:What are the safety considerations when positioning labels in an exhibit?
:What are the safety considerations in the techniques used to secure an exhibit label?
Guideline 16.2 Signs and labels are made from object-safe materials 
:What materials can be used to create object-safe signs and labels in exhibit cases?
:What materials can be used to create object-safe signage in the general exhibit area?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 16: Security Measures

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
== STANDARD 16: Effective security measures [design, controls and policies] must provide the appropriate level of security for objects ==
[Placeholder intro] 
For even the most robust and stable objects, the possibility of theft remains a serious threat. The disappearance of an object is the ultimate failure in terms of object care. A stolen object is usually lost permanently; and even those that are recovered may have suffered damage from exposure to rough handling or harmful conditions. Failure to provide adequate security can thus result in the loss of a museum’s collections, damage to the institution’s reputation, and, in the case of loaned objects, legal difficulties. Providing appropriate security is therefore a primary concern for exhibits.
The Conservation Requirements for a particular exhibit will help to establish the risk of theft, vandalism, and incidental touching for that exhibit and will indicate the level of security that should be provided. A security risk assessment will help to identify security deficiencies within the exhibit space. Primary security strategies include security staffing and controlled access to the exhibit space; the use of alarms and monitoring devices; and exhibit design, specifically the use of enclosures, which are particularly important for institutions where extra staffing is impractical.
In general, security for an exhibit should be provided through the combination of a human presence, a monitored security system, and well-designed cases.
[The following subject headings and information are placeholders.]
Guideline 16.1: Museum policies and procedures promote object security 
:What institutional practices promote security?
:When should extra personnel be hired to provide security?
Guideline 16.2: The appropriate security hardware is utilized 
:When should security hardware be utilized?
:What different types of security hardware are available?
:What types of electronic monitoring devices are available?
Guideline 16.3: Design strategies are used to enhance security
:What are the security advantages of a well designed exhibit case?
:When must a case be utilized for security reasons?
:What design strategies can aid security?
:What architectural modifications can aid security?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 17: Fire and Water Damage Prevention

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
===STANDARD 17: Fire and Water Damage Prevention Appropriate prevention measures must protect objects from the risk of fire and water damage===
[Placeholder Introduction: Brief discussion of fire and water damage needed.]
The occurrence of both fire and water damage can be sudden and catastrophic. Fire can result in the outright loss of objects or damage from smoke. Water damage, similarly, can be irreversible. Although the threat of fire or flooding can come from outside the exhibit building, it more often results from system failures within the building itself, such as leaking pipes or faulty wiring. The risks of fire and water damage can be minimized by providing controls such as detection systems, alarms, and sprinklers, by carrying out adequate building maintenance, and by avoiding design elements that will exacerbate risk, such as placing objects in the path of sprinkler heads, creating displays close to the floor, or blocking smoke detectors. Policies such as an emergency plan and training staff in the use of fire extinguishers are also important preventative measures.
 Guideline 17.1: Hardware is used to protect objects from fire and water damage
:What hardware is available to reduce the danger of fire and water damage?
 Guideline 17.2: Museum Policies are instituted to protect against fire and water damage 
:What policies can help protect objects from fire and water damage?
:What staff training can help protect objects from fire and water damage?
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
 Guideline 17.3: Exhibit design strategies are used to protect objects against fire and water damage
:What design features help to protect objects from fire and water damage?
 Guideline: 17.4: The exhibit’s electrical wiring and fixtures do not compromise object safety 
:What precautions should be taken to ensure electrical fixtures, lighting, and wiring will not pose a fire hazard?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 1: The Planning Process

== STANDARD 1: The Planning Process Conservation concerns must be addressed systematically throughout all phases of exhibit planning==
The importance of introducing conservation early in the exhibit process cannot be overemphasized. Museum exhibition experience has shown that an object-friendly exhibit can be achieved most effectively and efficiently when object conservation is included as a priority at the beginning of an exhibit’s development.
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information 
 Guideline 1.1: Conservation concerns are incorporated at the start of the exhibit planning process
:Why is it essential to introduce conservation concerns at the beginning of exhibit planning?
:How to ensure that conservation concerns are incorporated in early planning: The Exhibit Proposal
:How to ensure that conservation concerns are incorporated in early planning: The Exhibit Location 
 Guideline 1.2: The exhibit timeline and schedule identify and include all conservation-related activities
:What are the benefits of identifying and mapping out all conservation-related activities? 
:What are the key conservation activities to address in the Planning phase? 
:What are the key conservation activities to address in the Design phase? 
:What are the key conservation activities to address in the Fabrication and Installation phases? 
 Guideline 1.3: The exhibit budget includes sufficient funds for conservation
:How does a series of cost estimates help budget for conservation?
:How to create a general budget estimate
:How to create a comprehensive budget estimate
:Sample Time and Cost Estimate for A Conservator’s Exhibit Involvement
:What conservation-related items should be budgeted for in addition to conservation specialists?
 Guideline 1.4: All conservation-related plans, requirements, and information are communicated accurately and effectively
:Why is it essential to establish clear methods of communication?
:Which exhibit documents should be used to communicate conservation issues and decisions?
:How to communicate conservation features in explicit and consistent language
Category:Exhibition
Category: Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 20: Preventing Pest Damage

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
===STANDARD 20: Mitigating Pest Hazards Effective measures must protect exhibit objects from damage by pests===
Pests, which include insects, rodents and molds, pose a threat to exhibit objects, especially organic materials. Objects may be consumed as a source of food or shredded, by rodents, for nesting materials. Molds and the excrement from insects and rodents can weaken and stain objects. 
Guideline 20.1: Museum policies are instituted to discourage the presence of pests
:What policies can discourage the presence of pests?
:How is an IPM Program implemented?
Guideline 20.2: Exhibit design discourages the presence of pests
:What exhibit design techniques discourage pests?
Guideline 20.3: Controls discourage the presence of pests
:What controls will discourage growth of molds?
:How does exhibit lighting affect insects?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category:Exhibit Design
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 21: Exhibit Fabrication Process

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Fabrication Phase standards
==STANDARD 21: Exhibit Fabrication Process Fabrication of exhibit structures and the exhibit environment must conform to the design documents and follow all conservation specifications==
click on the individual Guidelines below to read more information 
Guideline 21.1: Exhibit fabrication follows all design specifications, and no materials are substituted without checking to see 
:How object conservation would be affected
:Why is it essential for the exhibit fabricator to follow all design specifications?
:What precautions should the fabricator take to ensure that exhibit construction will meet the conservation requirements?
Guideline 21.2: Any potentially hazardous or problematic construction materials are neutralized or isolated before using
:In what ways can materials be hazardous to exhibit objects?
:How are potentially hazardous materials neutralized?
Guideline 21.3: Conservation features within exhibit structures and exhibit cases are inspected and evaluated both during and at the end of the fabrication process. Necessary modifications are made.
:Why are on-going inspections necessary?
:What conservation features should be inspected and evaluated?
:Who should carry out inspections?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines
STANDARD 21: Fire and Water Damage Prevention

Back to Main Catalogs Page
Back to Exhibition Standards & Guidelines Table of Contents
Back to complete list of Exhibit Design Phase standards
===STANDARD 21: Fire and Water Damage Prevention Appropriate prevention measures must protect objects from the risk of fire and water damage===
Guideline 21.1: Hardware is used to protect objects from fire and water damage
:What hardware is available to reduce the danger of fire and water damage?
Guideline 21.2: Museum Policies are instituted to protect against fire and water damage 
:What policies can help protect objects from fire and water damage?
:What staff training can help protect objects from fire and water damage?
Guideline 21.3: Exhibit design strategies are used to protect objects against fire and water damage
:What design features help to protect objects from fire and water damage?
Guideline: 21.4: The exhibit’s electrical wiring and fixtures do not compromise object safety 
:What precautions should be taken to ensure electrical fixtures, lighting, and wiring will not pose a fire hazard?
Category:Exhibition
Category:Exhibit Planning
Category: Standards & Guidelines