Rpftourney

Rpftourney is a tumblr blog that hosted a tumblr poll ship tournament for RPF ships in late 2024. 
Although the tourney concluded, crowing the winning ship to be Phan, in December of 2024, the blog's pinned post states that submissions are closed "for now" indicating that another competition might be held in the future.
== History ==
On September 20, 2024, the owner of the blog posted a notice that submission were open for the tournament. Matchups would be determined randomly, unless OP found a specific matchup to be "funny or entertaining."https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762175500048318464/submit-ships-here-closed-for-now?source=share Submissions for ships were closed on September 22nd.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762270111867551744/ok-i-think-im-gonna-close-submissions-tomorrow?source=share
On September 20th, the blog announced that users could also submit propoganda in support of their preferred ship.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762193130112090112/whoops-i-probably-shouldve-asked-for-propaganda 
=== Round 1 ===
The polls for the first round started to be posted on September 23rd with four polls released daily.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762426578448891904/ok-polls-are-gonna-start-posting-in-10-min-4-per?source=share Two days later, the number was increased to six polls uploaded per day.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762606273553448960/starting-today-im-doing-6-polls-per-day-cause?source=share 
* Pete Wentz/Ryan Ross (36.6%) vs. Trixie Mattel/"Katya" Yekaterina Petrovna Zamolodchikova (63.4%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762427664167518208/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-2 
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (70.1%) vs. Frank Iero/Gerard Way (29.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762427679160008704/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-1
* Reece Shearsmith/Steve Pemberton (34.9%) vs. Lewis Hamilton/Miles Chamley-Watson (65.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762427699468845056/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-3
* Ryan Guzman/Oliver Stark (51.8%) vs. Misha Collins/Jensen Ackles (48.2%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762427781774819328/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-4
* Assad Zaman/Eric Bogosian (61.6%) vs. Brian May/Freddie Mercury (38.4%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762518256581017600/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-5
* Tom DeLonge/Mark Hoppus (37.4%) vs. Billie Piper/David Tennant (62.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762518433833336832/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-6 
* Ryan Ross/Brendon Urie (32.4%) vs. Pete Wentz/Patrick Stump (67.6%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762518803859030016/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-7 
* Brendan Ekstrom/Anthony Green (48.3%) vs. Michael Jones/Gavin Free (51.7%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762609685289467904/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-12 
* Shane Madej/Ryan Bergara (46.4%) vs. Jon Stewart/Stephen Colbert (53.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762610053307056128/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-13 
* Davy Jones/Peter Tork (62.5%) vs. Kirk Hammett/Lars Ulrich (37.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762610359422124032/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-14 
* Jesse Eisenberg/Andrew Garfield (72.5%) vs. Yuzuru Hanyu/Javier Fernandez (27.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762699519100108800/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-15 
* Sidney Crosby/Evgeni Malkin (58.4%) vs. Alexander Ovechkin/Nicklas Backstrom (41.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762699617904312321/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-16
* Adam "Sisky" T Siska/Andy "The Butcher" Mrotek (23.5%) vs. Carrie Fisher/Harrison Ford (76.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762700048810311680/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-17
* Liam Gallagher/Damon Albarn (38.4%) vs. Pete Wentz/Mikey Way (61.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762700376312053760/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-18 
* Taika Waititi/Rhys Darby (15.2%) vs. Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (84.8%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762700676266622976/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-19
* Lewis Hamilton/Nico Rosberg (37.5%) vs. Paul McCartney/John Lennon (62.55)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762701012360380416/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-20 
* Ray Toro/Gerard Way (56.2%) vs. Bradley James/Colin Morgan (43.8%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762790134814048256/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-21 
* Kellin Quinn/Vic Fuentes (49.6%) vs. Nate Novarro/Alex Suarez (50.4%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762790356335165440/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-22 
* Gerard Way/Mikey Way (25.6%) vs. Jared Padalecki/Jensen Ackles (74.4%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762790617624559616/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-23
* Charles Leclerc/Max Verstappen (66.2%) vs. James Hetfield/Lars Ulrich (33.8%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762790849053605888/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-24
* Max Verstappen/Daniel Ricciardo (53.8%) vs. BTS OT7 (literally the whole band) (46.2%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762791228632907776/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-25 
* Rhett McLaughin/Link Neal (43.7%) vs. Alex Horne/Greg Davies (56.3%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762791589817073665/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-26 
* Gillian Anderson/David Duchovny (77.9%) vs. Arin Hanson/Dan Avidan (22.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762880766038425600/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-27 
* Taylor Zakhar Perez/Nicholas Galitzine (41.1%) vs. Sebastian Vettel/Lewis Hamilton (58.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762880829160620032/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-28 
* Neil Young/Stephen Stills (14.9%) vs Paul Simon/Art Garfunkel (85.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762881191624998912/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-29 
* Gabe Saporta/William Beckett (38.8%) vs. Rebeca Andrade/Simone Biles (61.2%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762881574383566848/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-30
* Joe Trohman/Patrick Stump (30.3%) vs. Jacob Anderson/Sam Reid (69.7%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762881820221227009/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-31 
* Travie Mccoy/Patrick Stump (50.8%) vs. Brad Marchand/Patrice Bergeron (49.2%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762882129910759424/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-32
* Bojan Cvjetićanin/Jere Pöyhönen (62.1%) vs. Awsten Knight/Otto Wood (37.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762971247335391232/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-33
* Tessa Virtue/Scott Moir (63.4%) vs. Jamie Benn/Tyler Seguin (36.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762971533009453056/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-34
* Amanda Lehan-Canto/Angela Giratanna (70.6%) vs. Kim Taehyung/Jeon Jungkook (29.4%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762971810634547200/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-35 
* Moonbyul/Solar (54.9%) vs. Pat Gill/Brian David Gilbert (45.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762972043371266048/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-36 
* George Russell/Alex Albon (42.7%) vs. Brian May/Roger Taylor (57.3%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762972443898003456/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-37 
* Karlie Kloss/Taylor Swift (32.3%) vs. Louis Tomlinson/Harry Styles (67.7%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762972799353716736/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-38
* Brett Goldstein/Phil Dunster (44.3%) vs. Mitch Marner/Auston Matthews (55.7%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763061966138966016/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-39 
* Zayn Malik/Harry Styles (14.9%) vs. Harry Styles/Barack Obama (85.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763062038418309120/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-40 
* Emma D'Arcy/Olivia Cooke (74.1%) vs. Taylor Swift/Dianna Agron (25.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763062399971540992/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-40
* William Beckett/Mike Carden (31.1%) vs. Frank Iero/Anthony Green (68.9%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763062675454427136/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-42
* Darren Criss/Chris Colfer (41.3%) vs. Sabrina Carpenter/Chappell Roan (58.7%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763063011042836480/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-43
* Melissa Vargas/Zehra Günes (39.9%) vs. Peter Tork/Michael Nesmith (50.4%) vs. Joel Hokka/Joonas Porko (9.8%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763063331259105280/best-rpf-ship-round-1-match-44
=== Round 2 ===
Voting for Round 2 began on October 7th.
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763696199071121408/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-1 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763696591786885120/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-2 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763696868659232768/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-3 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763697220657807360/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-4
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763697479794425856/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-5 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763786817975795713/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-6 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763787181909295104/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-7 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763787437781680128/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-8 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763787818956898304/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-9
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763788082735693824/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-10 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763877774233600000/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-11
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763878015595839488/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-12
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763878383163670528/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-13 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763878694323372032/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-14
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763968361086484480/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-15
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763968627325173760/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-16
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763969005140803584/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-17
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763969385731899392/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-18 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764058977949614081/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-19 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764059211651022848/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-20 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764059591971569664/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-21 
* https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764059908428726272/best-rpf-ship-round-2-match-22
=== Round 3 ===
Voting for Round 3 began on October 19th.
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (65.5%) vs. Harry Styles/Barack Obama (34.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764783997123543040/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-1
* Jared Padalecki/Jensen Ackles (56.4%) vs. Ryan Guzman/Oliver Stark (43.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764784356238721024/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-2 
* Gillian Anderson/David Duchovny (67.9%) vs. Davy Jones/Peter Tork (32.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764784668903178240/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-2
* Bojan Cvjetićanin/Jere Pöyhönen (51.4%) vs. Sidney Crosby/Evgeni Malkin (48.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764874609601511424/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-4
* Glenn Howerton/Rob McElhenney (52.4%) vs. Jesse Eisenberg/Andrew Garfield (47.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764874966361669632/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-5 
* Pete Wentz/Patrick Stump (58.8%) vs. Pete Wentz/Mikey Way (41.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764875204362223616/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-6 
* Assad Zaman/Eric Bogosian (50%) vs. Jacob Anderson/Sam Reid (50%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764965180462530560/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-7 
* Amanda Lehan-Canto/Angela Giarratana (42.1%) vs. Trixie Mattel/"Katya" Yekaterina Petrovna Zamolodchikova (57.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764965559544823808/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-8 
* Carrie Fisher/Harrison Ford (57%) vs. Billie Piper/David Tennant (43%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/764965842855378944/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-9 
* Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (69.5%) vs. Gerard Way/Bert McCracken (30.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765056159293014016/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-10 
* Paul McCartney/John Lennon (58.4%) vs. Paul Simon/Art Garfunkel (41.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765056449968734208/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-11
=== Round 4 ===
Voting for Round 4 began on October 30th. During this round, a few ships were brought back to even out the count such as Larry, Frerard, and Cockles. 
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (69.9%) vs. Assad Zaman/Eric Bogosian (30.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765780302680522752/best-rpf-ship-round-3-match-6
* Paul McCartney/John Lennon (60.3%) vs. Jacob Anderson/Sam Reid (39.7%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765780564156547072/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-2 
* Carrie Fisher/Harrison Ford (51.9%) vs. Glenn Howerton/Rob McElhenney (48.1%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765780927947440128/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-3 
* Gillian Anderson/David Duchovny (59.2%) vs. Bojan Cvjetićanin/Jere Pöyhönen (40.8%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765781227062034432/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-4
* Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (55.1%) vs. Louis Tomlinson/Harry Styles (44.9%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765870924085018624/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-5 
* Trixie Mattel/"Katya" Yekaterina Petrovna Zamolodchikova (42.1%) vs. Michael Sheen/David Tennant (57.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765871156107640832/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-6
* Pete Wentz/Patrick Stump (50.4%) vs. Frank Iero/Gerard Way (49.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765871526561153024/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-7 
* Jared Padalecki/Jensen Ackles (61.8%) vs. Misha Collins/Jensen Ackles (38.2%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765871844026892288/best-rpf-ship-round-4-match-8
=== Round 5 ===
Voting for the quarter-finals began on November 8th.
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (54.4%) vs. Michael Sheen/David Tennant (45.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/766600076359548928/best-rpf-ship-round-5-match-1
* Paul McCartney/John Lennon (51.8%) vs. Pete Wentz/Patrick Stump (48.2%) https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/766600374768549888/best-rpf-ship-round-5-match-2
* Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (77.7%) vs. Carrie Fisher/Harrison Ford (22.3%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/766690691919347712/best-rpf-ship-round-5-match-3
* Gillian Anderson/David Duchovny (44.1%) vs. Jensen Ackles/Jared Padalecki (55.9%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/766690949994872832/best-rpf-ship-round-5-match-4
=== Round 6 ===
Voting for the semi-finals began on November 17th.
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (58.5%) vs. Jensen Ackles/Jared Padalecki (41.5%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/767415090027888640/best-rpf-ship-round-6-match-1
* Paul McCartney/John Lennon (48.4%) vs. Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (51.6%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/767415449134809088/best-rpf-ship-round-6-match-2
=== 3rd Place Round ===
A poll to determine which of the disqualified ships from the sixth round placed third was started on November 25th.
* Jensen Ackles/Jared Padalecki (62.2%) vs. Paul McCartney/John Lennon (37.8%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768139874023899136/best-rpf-ship-third-place
=== Final Round ===
Voting for the final round started on November 25th.
* Phil Lester/Daniel Howell (53.6%) vs. Jesus of Nazareth/Judas Iscariot (46.4%)https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768140222744641536/best-rpf-ship-final
Phan were declared the winners on December 2nd, with an edit of the Stanley Cup for rpf made that was henceforth dubbed "the PhanleyIn reference to a trend among Phannies (and Dan and Phil themselves) to add the prefix "ph/pha" to everything to make it Dan and Phil related. Cup."https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768774930846351360/congratulations-to-the-winners-of-rpfphan?source=share
== Reception ==
There was discussion as to the general lack of f/f ships in the poll, which was cited as due to the majority of submissions involving at least one man.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762628146288803840/do-you-have-any-ff-rpf-or-is-it-all-dudes A poll specifically for sapphic rpf ships was suggested.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762717389278281728/if-you-ever-do-this-again-maybe-you-could-do-one Some people also used the poll as an excuse to complain about the ethical nature of real person ships.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/767615463486291968/being-boring-and-annoying-about-how-terrible-rpf
=== Cheating ===
In response to many of the questions they received throughout the tournament, the blog's owner answered, "you guys aren’t getting it. any question starting with 'why', the answer is 'because it’s funny.'"https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765889336819531776/you-guys-arent-getting-it-any-question-starting Based on the comments under this post, which is from October 31st, this may have been a response specifically in regards to cheating and the blog's non-existent attempts to ensure voter integrity, though it is unclear how it could have been ensured. During the tournament, there were accusations of cheating. For instance, a portion of the Supernatural fandom (specifically Samgirls) were supposedly cheating as early as November 1st.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/765965011067781120/deeply-cringe-to-read-the-notes-and-still-side
The owner of the blog stated during the semi-finals that if a ship won with a margin that clearly evidenced cheating, they reserved the right to make the final round "jam reiderson vs emma/olivia." https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/767869660793323520/its-not-gonna-happen-cause-of-the-numbers-atp-but
By the time the semi-finals started, supporters of Phan and J2 were openly calling for voter fraud and instructing fellow fans on how to do so.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768586989194903552/how-do-you-feel-about-people-openly-engaging-in On December 1st, the blogger commented that they were not going to disqualify Jedus to to the very suspicious surge of votes in favor of Jedus.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768638890364026880/im-not-gonna-disqualify-jedus-at-this-point-who [People were now cheating to make Jedus win because they thought it would be funny.]
At least one person maintained that it was unfair that Phan got support from Phil Lester after he reblogged the final poll.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/768691397409832960/this-is-an-unfair-advantage-smh-phan-is-getting
=== In the Phandom ===
The poll grabbed the attention of Dan and Phil fans from the beginning, with there being at least 114 submissions for the couple by September 21st.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/762251366832979968/out-of-curiosity-how-many-submissions-for-phan Members of the community continued to enthusiastically monitor the poll, which likely brought it to the attention of both Phil and Dan. 
During the poll, user freckliedan had Dan and Phil autograph a piece of paper with a photo of them captioned "rpf is fine." On October 8, the image was posted to tumblr and was reblogged two days later (due to anon's request) as propaganda by the rpftourney blog, with the owner stating, "they have spoken. dan and phil joined the war on rpf on the side of rpf. the battle? has been won. we can finally rest now."https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763927655591657472/have-you-seen-this-phan-rpf-approved-post https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/763927698899877888
During the final round, the poll was extremely close and Phannies across tumblr were concerned that they wouldn't win. In this stress, the community goncharov'd a hard-launch video (Basically We Are Gay For Each Other) where Dan and Phil reveal their relationship. 
Then, Phil Lester reblogged the final post on its last days of voting.Best RPF Ship - FINAL! on AmazingPhil Phil's contribution is credited with providing the Phannies with a surge of energy they needed for a final push to victory. 
Dan Howell also reblogged the poll on December 2nd (the day Phan was declared as the winning ship). He commented "in a sense Jedus died so Father Philip and Sister DanielThis is a reference to the image used for the final poll, which is a screenshot from a charity live stream where Phil is dressed as a priest and Dan is dressed as a nun, aka Sister Daniel. Sister Daniel is a persona of Dan's famous in the Phan community after he bought a women's slutty nun costume from Spirit Halloween while on tour in America and wore for a night out in celebration for the holiday. Since this happened in 2022, Sister Daniel has been beloved among Phannies
After Phil died his hair blonde, for instance, the Phannies memed that blonde Phil had had a situationship with Sister Daniel (much to the confusion of Dan and Phil because Sister Daniel is a character and blonde Phil is just Phil with blonde hair) could worship in their name so this is very poetic thank you everyone." https://www.tumblr.com/danielhowell/768783665579851776?source=share
Both Dan and Phil have mentioned the poll and their victory since, both on tour, and an interview, and in YouTube videos.https://www.tumblr.com/rpftourney/770232501519155200?source=share https://www.tumblr.com/iwtbtsu/769109767072382976?source=share https://www.tumblr.com/personthattoleratesme/769108456614625280?source=share
On December 7th, a tumblr user phlondsbian made an edit in commemoration of the journey of Phan throughout the poll and its recognition by both Dan and Phil.https://www.tumblr.com/phlondsbian/769242244767236097?source=share 
On December 17, 2024, members of the Phandom voted rpftourney as the 2024 Pherson of the year.https://www.tumblr.com/pherson-of-the-year/770149410227240960/omg-i-am-so-honored-thank-you-all-for-the?source=share The pherson-of-the-year blog noted that: "Their [rpftourney's] impact on phannie culture this year is unparalleled, they have contributed to the phandom reclaiming the title of most annoying fandom on the internet, they have made Dan and Phil publicly talk about RPF like a million times. Their tournament entertained us for weeks and for that we crown them with the prestigious title of Pherson of the Year."
== References ==
Category:Tumblr
Category:2024 Tumblr
Category:2024 Events
Category:Celebrities & Real People
== Notes ==