nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Leaded glass

== Description ==
Glass pieces mounted with lead cames, such as a stained glass window.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
leaded window; vitral ao chumbo (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Leaded zinc oxide

== Description ==
1) (Germany) A zinc oxide pigment that contains a maximum of 10% lead. The addition of lead white to the zinc pigment makes it more opaque as well as slightly yellow. 
2) (United States) A zinc oxide pigment that contains 12-55% basic lead sulfate or lead white. This pigment was available from about 1896-1920 for use in house paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oxyde de zinc et plomb (Fr.); óxido de chumbo e zinco (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Leadless glaze

== Description ==
A British term for a glaze with no more than 1% (by dry weight) of lead oxide. Leadless glazes are usually marked with an "L" in suppliers lists (Fournier 1996). They usually contain boric oxide as a flux. Leadless glazes can be soft.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vidrado sem chumbo (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
Category:Materials database
Leaf

== Description ==
1) A very thin sheet of metal. Some metals, such as gold, silver, palladium, platinum, aluminum, tin and Dutch metal (brass) are ductile enough to be beaten or rolled into very thin sheets for use in gilding.
2) One sheet of paper in a book.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
feuille (Fr.); Blattmetall (Deut.); hoja (Esp.); blad (Ned.); folha (Port.)
Category:Materials database
Leaf green

== Description ==
1) An unstandardized color term for a middle tone green. 
2) A permanent pale green pigment composed of a mixture of viridian (chrome green oxide) diluted with aluminum hydrate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
verde folha (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
Category:Materials database
Leather

== Description ==
A dehaired animal skin that has been chemically processed to prevent decay while retaining flexibility. The manufacture of leather dates to Neolithic and Bronze age times. Leather is processed by first mechanically cleaning the skin to remove the salt, blood, and dirt, Then the skin is soaked in an alkaline bath which causes the skin to swell and the hairs to loosen so they can be mechanically removed. Once the hair is removed, the skin is soaked in a weak acid solution to reduce the swelling and produce a soft, flexible, smooth-grain material. The skin is then soaked in a solution with a tanning agents. Tanning agents, either vegetable extracts like tannic acid or mineral salts like chromates, penetrate the skin and react with the protein. Once tanned, the leather can then be dyed and lubricated, or dressed, with hot soap, grease, or wax, to keep the skin supple and water repellent. For some leathers, the surface is finished with brushing, abrading, or glazing. Leathers have been used for clothing, footwear, harnesses, saddlery, bookbinding, upholstery, baggage, purses, and protective coverings.
For more information on animal skin structure, leather preparation, skin identification, and leather deterioration, please see: AIC Wikis for the Book and Paper Group: Animal Skin and Leather and the Objects Group Leather and Skin
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cuir (Fr.); piel (Esp.); cuero (Esp.);leer (Ned); cabedal (Port.); couro (Port.);
Various types include: aldehyde leather; alum leather; aniline leather; cabretta; chamois leather; chrome leather; deerskin; Cordoban leather; ecrase leather; glace; Morocco leather; patent leather; parchment; Russian leather; saffian leather; shagreen; skivers; suede; vellum
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Density = 0.86 (dry)
== Additional Images ==
File:image7_leather.jpg|Leather
File:39 Leather 200X.jpg|Leather scraping
== Resources and Citations ==
* "Leather" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries, Inc. New York, 1996.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "leather" [Accessed October 18, 2001]. 
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Leather"
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.86 (dry)
Category:Materials database
Leather board

== Description ==
A tough, imitation-leather fiberboard. Leather board is made from brown mechanical wood pulp along with one or more other types of pulp (jute, manilla or recycled paper) mixed with up to 75% scrap leather pulp. The sheets are compressed to form a heavy pressboard that is used for mountings, bindings, and exercise book covers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
leather-board; leatherboard
Category:Materials database
Leather dressing

== Description ==
Oil-based mixtures used to stuff or dress a leather after tanning. Leather dressing produced a soft, pliable, and waterproof leather. Examples of materials that are used for leather dressing include: Neats-foot oil, lanolin, cedar oil, and wax.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lubrificante (Port.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|British Museum Leather Dressing, Cons.TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Leather filler

== Description ==
A thin sealant or paste that is spread over the surface of leather to fill the pores prior to gilding. Fillers, such as starch paste or isinglass, provide a smooth, nonporous surface. This keeps the glair from soaking into the skin resulting in better adhesion of the gold leaf. In the 19th century, ground leather mixed with various binders was also used as a filler (Waterer 1973).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vulsel voor leer (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Waterer. A Guide to the Conservation and Restoration of Objects made Wholly or in Part of Leather. IIC, London, 1973.
Category:Materials database
Leatherette

== Description ==
Originally a trademark (1875) for an imitation leather paper made from pressed cardboard sheets that were embossed and glazed to give the appearance of natural leather. The early Leatherette was designed for use as a wall covering. Now leatherette is a generic term for imitation leather and is made from both paper and cloth. It is generally embossed then given a shiny coating with shellac, vinyl, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, rubber, or beeswax.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Bohemian lace; encaje leavers (Esp.); Leaver's kant (Ned);
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Leatheroid

== Description ==
[Presspahn] A trademark for a type of imitation leather prepared from pressboard that was embossed then coated with rubber. Leatheroid was used for electrical insulation and car interiors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Presspahn paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Leavers lace

== Description ==
A machine-made lace prepared in the same manner as handmade bobbin lace. Leavers lace is made on a machine invented by John Leavers in 1813.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Bohemian lace
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Textile." Accessed 2 Aug. 2004.
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Lecithin

== Description ==
A group of phospholipids that are contained in all living cells. Lecithins are composed of a mixture of diglycerides of fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic and linoleic) linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid. Commercially, lecithin is obtained from soybean, corn, and egg yolk. Lecithin is a viscous oily liquid that is used for emulsifying, dispersing, and wetting. It is added to food products, paints, printing inks, plastic molding as a release agent, textiles as a lubricant, and leather as a dressing.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in chloroform, ether, mineral oil and fatty acids. 
* Partially soluble in water and benzene. 
* Insoluble in acetone, vegetable oils.
* Density = 1.0305 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 449
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5452
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, httpc://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ledger paper

== Description ==
A strong, foldable paper with a smooth finish. Ledger paper was originally made from rag fibers sized with animal glue. The durable paper was used for handwritten records and documents. Ledger paper was also used for smooth-surfaced pen and wash drawings. In England, ledger paper was made with an azure blue tint.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 575
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Lee marble

== Description ==
A fine-grain, white dolomitic marble quarried near Lee in the Berkshires of Massachusetts. The Lee marble quarries were founded in 1852. It is used as a dimension stone and for military cemetery headstones. Lee marble was used for the exterior of the Senate and House wings of the U.S. Capitol building. Four courses of Lee marble were used to face the Washington Monument separating Texas marble on the bottom and Cockeysville marble on the top. Transportation made the Lee marble too expensive to use for the entire upper section.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Berkshire Lee marble
==Resources and Citations==
* V. Mossoti, A.R. Eldeeb, T. Fries, M.J. Coombs, V. Naude, L. Soderberg, G. Wheeler, 'The Effect of Selected Cleaning Techniques on Berkshire Lee Marble: A Scientific Study at Philadelphia City Hall' U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 2002.
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Lees

== Description ==
A name originating in the 14th century for the dregs, or sediment found in wine vessels. The lees contained a significant amount of potassium bitartrate along with some calcium tartrate. Lees were use as a mordant in dyeing. During the 1800s, the name was changed to argol and tartar.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
argol; argal; tartar; wine lees
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 68
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Leithner blue

== Description ==
Cobalt blue pigment produced by a process developed by Joseph Leithner in Vienna in 1795. Leithner blue was replaced by Thénard's blue. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Leithner's blue; cobalt blue
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Leksol AL

== Description ==
[Amity International, England] A registered trademark for a mutipurpose solvent designed as a replacement for chlorinated solvents. Leksol AL is a transparent, colorless liquid composed of an azeotropic blend of n-propyl bromide, an aliphatic alcohol, and a stabilizer.
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Harmful by inhalation. 
* Amity International: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Melting Point	-110
Density 	1.32 g/ml
Boiling Point	69 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Amity International - product information at http://www.amityinternational.com/product/leksol-al/
* DISTLIST 13 Sep 2002, Mark Vine Conservation Resources
Category:Materials database
Lemon oil

== Description ==
A yellow essential oil obtained from lemon rinds. Lemon oil is used in flavoring, perfumes and furniture polishes. It has also been used to secure gold leaf temporarily to the covering material of a book before blocking or tooling (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
essence de citron (Fr.); esencia de limón (Esp.); essenza di limone (It); oil of lemon
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, vegetable oils, mineral oil, glacial acetic acid. Insoluble in water.
Density	0.84-0.89 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lemon yellow

== Description ==
An unstandardized pigment name that is more associated with the color hue. Lemon yellow may contain one or more of the following yellow pigments: barium chromate, strontium chromate, zinc chromate. The name has also been used for yellow organic colorants. Lemon yellow was also called as ultramarine yellow.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ultramarine yellow; zinc chromate; barium chromate; strontium chromate; amarillo limón (Esp.); jaune citron (Fr.); amarelo limão (Port.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Lemon yellow 325.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Lemon yellow (Forbes MFA 325) 50X, 532 nm (640x445).jpg~Raman (MFA)|f326sem.jpg~SEM|f327sem.jpg~SEM|f326edsbw.jpg~EDS|f327edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide34 FC324.PNG~XRF]]]
== Risks ==
* Human carcinogen. 
* Skin contact may cause allergies. 
* Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning. 
* Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation. Combustible.
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Pigments Through the Ages - http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/leadwhite.html = barium yellow
Category:Materials database
Lemongrass oil

== Description ==
An essential oil obtained from the lemongrass plant, Cymbopogon citratus, that is native to the India, Guatemala, and the East and West Indies. Lemongrass oil is used as a perfume and stabilizer in soaps. It is also considered an insect repellent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cymbopogon citratus; esencia de hierba de limón (Esp); olio di citronella (It); Indian verbena oil
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol. Slightly soluble in glycerol.
CAS	8007-02-1
Category:Materials database
Leno weave

== Description ==
A fabric in which pairs of warp yarns are intertwined in a series of figure eights around the filling yarn. The leno weave pattern keeps the warp fibers in position thus producing a firm fabric with an open mesh. The open pattern has a lacy effect that is often used for curtains. Examples of fabrics with a leno weave are marquisette and grenadine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gauze weave; doup weave; marquisette; grenadine; gasa de vuelta (Esp.); linon (weefsel) (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt Reinhold & Winston, Fort Worth, 1986.
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Lens

== Description ==
A ground or molded transparent optical element that can change the direction and distribution of light rays. Lenses have at least one and sometimes two curved surfaces that can refract light rays causing them to converge or diverge. They are made from plastic, glass or clear minerals. Glass lenses were first made at the end of the 13th century in Europe. Lenses are used in eyeglasses, cameras, microscopes, telescopes and binoculars.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Linse (Deut.); lentille (Fr.); lente (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Lens tissue

== Description ==
A soft, thin, lightweight, lint-free, nonabrasive paper designed for wrapping or polishing optical lens. Lens tissues are usually made from unbleached or mechanical wood pulp. They have been used for interleaving, lamination, and paper repair. Some lens tissue may contain silicone oils.
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Leopard

== Description ==
A large, spotted cat (Panthera pardus) native to Africa and Asia. Leopards usually have yellowish skin with dark spots. A black variety, called a black panther, is found in Asia. Their furs have not widely been used commercially although their skins are often prepared as hunting trophies. Some leopard species, such as the amur leopard and the barbary leopard, are critically endangered.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Panthera pardus; panther; Leopard (Dan., Deut., Nor., Sven.); leopardo (Esp., Port.); léopard (Fr.); luipaard (Ned.); panter (Ned.); (Nor.); pantera (Pol.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Guard hair is short
== Additional Images ==
File:leopardwp2.jpg|thumb|Leopard
File:Conf.Skins.jpg|thumb|Leopard skins
File:leopard1large.jpg|Leopard fur
File:leopardlarge.jpg|Leopard fur
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "leopard." Accessed 1 Jan. 2005 
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Leopardite sandstone

== Description ==
A white to pale green sandstone with long parallel stripes of black quarried at Belmont in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (Lent 1925). Leopardite sandstone is composed of quartz and feldspar.
==Resources and Citations==
* F.Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries, Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925.
Category:Materials database
Lepidoblastic fabric

== Description ==
A textural term applied to the flaky cleavage resulting from the parallel alignment of sheet silicate minerals, such as micas and chlorites, in metamorphic rocks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
textura lepidoblástica (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009
Category:Materials database