nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Paraloid B-48N

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® B-48N (formerly called Acryloid® B-48N in the United States) is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. It contains an adhesion promoter that assists bonding to bare and primed metals. Analysis indicates that it also contains a plasticizer, dibutyl phthalate, that is sometimes concentrated in a residue on the bottom of the container. Paraloid® B-48N is used as a clear coating for metals (copper, brass, bronze, and zinc). It produces a tough, flexible coating with excellent durability. Paraloid® B-48N is supplied as solid pellets or as 45% solids solution in toluene (Paraloid® B-48S).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid B-48N; Paraloid B48N (sp); Paraloid B-48S; Acryloid B48N (sp); Acryloid B-48N (sp)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in toluene, xylene, Cellosolve acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetone. 
* Adding 2% ethanol may reduce cloudiness and stringiness.
* Density = 1.15
* Molecular Weight = 250,000
* Tg = 50 C
* Refractive Index = 1.89
== Risks ==
* Talas: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", Studies in Conservation 41:19-44, 1996.
* B. Rydzewski, Submissitted information, Jan. 2009
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet. 1986.
* Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Cricket Harbeck, Adhesives Commonly used in Objects Conservation, unpublished, 1996
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Paraloid B-66

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® B-66 (formerly called Acryloid® B-66 in the United States) is composed of a methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate copolymer. Paraloid® B-66 is used for paints and clear coatings over wood, plastic and fabric. It produces a hard, durable surface, but yellows and becomes insoluble with time. Paraloid® B-66 is supplied as solid pellets or as 51% solids solution in toluene (Paraloid® B-66T) and in xylene (Paraloid® B-66X).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® B-66; Paraloid® B-66X; Paraloid® B-66T; Paraloid B66 (sp); Paraloid B-66 (sp); Acryloid B66 (sp); Acryloid B-66 (sp)
==Risks==
* Dow: SDS sheet
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone.
* Molecular weight = 70,000
* Tg = 50 C
* Refractive Index = 1.486
==Resources and Citations==
* Dow: Technical sheet
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Cricket Harbeck, Adhesives Commonly used in Objects Conservation, unpublished, 1996
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
* Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
Category:Materials database
Paraloid B-67

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® B-67 (formerly called Acryloid® B-67 in the United States) is composed of an isobutyl methacrylate polymer. It contains a crosslinking inhibitor. Paraloid® B-67 yellows slightly with age. It is soluble in mineral spirits and is compatible with alkyd resins. Paraloid® B-67 is used for enamel paints, printing inks, clear varnishes and as a modifier to alkyd paints. It is supplied as solid pellets or as 45% solids solution in VM&P naphtha (Paraloid® B-67 45%). The same resin is also sold by the name Paraloid® B-67MT as a 45% solids solution in mineral thinner to provide a slightly slower drying speed.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® B-67; Paraloid® B-67MT; Paraloid B67 (sp); Paraloid B-67 (sp); Acryloid B-67 (sp); Acryloid B67 (sp)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, mineral spirits, VM&P naphtha, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropanol.
* Hardness: 11-12 (KHN)
* Softening point: Tg = 50 C
* Molecular weight = 60,000
* Refractive Index: 1.486
* Density: 8.7
* Dow Technical Sheet
== Risks ==
* Talas: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", Studies in Conservation 41:19-44, 1996.
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
Category:Materials database
Paraloid B-82

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® B-82 (formerly called Acryloid® B-82 in the United States) is composed of a methyl methacrylate copolymer with ethyl acrylate. Paraloid® B-82 is used for general purpose coatings. It is highly resistant to crosslinking but may oxidize with age (Feller, 1963). Paraloid® B-82 is supplied as solid pellets or as 51% solids solution in toluene (Paraloid® B-82 51%).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® B-82; Paraloid B82 (sp); Paraloid B-82 (sp); Acryloid B-82 (sp); Acryloid B82 (sp)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in toluene, xylene, Cellosolve® acetate, methyl ethyl ketone.
* Molecular Weight = 120,000
* Tg = 35 C
==Resources and Citations==
* J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", Studies in Conservation 41:19-44, 1996.
* Paintings Specialty Group, Painting Conservation Catalog, Wendy Samet (ed.), AIC, Washington, DC, 1998
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
* Website address 1 Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
Category:Materials database
Paraloid B-99N

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® B-99N (formerly called Acryloid® B-99N in the United States) is composed of a methyl methacrylate copolymer with butyl methacrylate. Paraloid® B-99N is used for grinding pigments and as a gloss additive in alkyd paints. It is supplied as solid pellets or as 50% solids solution in xylene/toluene (70/30)(Paraloid® B-99).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® B-99N; Paraloid® B99N; Paraloid® B99 50%
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Molecular Weight = 120,000
* Tg = 80 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
* Website address 1 Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
Category:Materials database
Paraloid C-10LV

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® C-10LV (formerly called Acryloid® C-10LV in the United States) is composed of a methyl acrylate polymer. Paraloid® C-10LV is the softest and most elastic Paraloid® resin. It is used as an adhesive. Paraloid® C-10LV is supplied as a 40% solids solution.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® C-10LV; Acryloid C-10LV (sp); Paraloid C-10LV (sp)
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
* Website address 1 Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
Category:Materials database
Paraloid F-10

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic acrylic resin. Paraloid® F-10 (formerly called Acryloid® F-10 in the United States) is composed of n-butyl methacrylate homopolymer. It is supplied as a 40% solids solution in mineral spirits. Paraloid® F-10 is used for paints, inks and coatings. It is softer and more flexible that Paraloid® B-72. Paraloid® F-10 has also been used as a heat sealing adhesive. When used for nap-bonding of net support, it adheres to the surface of the textile rather than penetrating (Lewis 1983).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® F-10; Paraloid F10 (sp); Acryloid F-10 (sp); Paraloid F-10 (sp)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons; mineral spirits.
* Molecular Weight = 150,000
* Tg = 20 C
==Resources and Citations==
* J. Down, M.MacDonald, J.Te'treault, S.Williams, Adhesive Testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An Evaluation of Selected Poly(Vinyl acetate) and Acrylic Adhesives", Studies in Conservation 41:19-44, 1996. 
* G.M.Lewis, N.T.Muir, N.S.Yates, "The Link Between the Treatments for Paintings and the Treatments for Painted Textiles" Conservation-Restoration of Church Textiles and Painting Flags. Vol. 2:169-182, Veszprem, 1983.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
* Website address 1 Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
Category:Materials database
Paraloid® NAD-10V

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a clear, colorless, thermoplastic isobutylmethacrylate resin. Paraloid® NAD-10 (formerly called Acryloid® NAD-10 in the United States). Paraloid® NAD-10 is used in rotogravure inks, fluorescent inks and coatings. It provides gloss, good adhesion and fast drying. It is supplied as a nonaqueous dispersion of 40% solids in a VM&P naphtha.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acryloid® NAD-10; Paraloid NAD-10V (sp); Acryloid NAD-10V (sp)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Molecular Weight = 130,000
* Tg = 40C
==Resources and Citations==
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
* Product Information Comment: Rohm and Haas acryloid acrylic resins sheet.1986.
* Website address 1 Comment: www.rohmhaas.com
Category:Materials database
Paranitroaniline

== Description ==
Yellow needles or powder. Paranitroaniline is used in the colorimetric test for lignin. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of lignin in the sample. 
* Wood pulp - brick red to dark orange color 
* Mechanical pulp - orange 
* Bleached sulfite pulp - yellow
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
p-nitroaniline; 4-nitroaniline; 1-amino-4-nitrobenzene; para nitro anilina (Esp.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|paranitroaniline.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by skin absorption, ingestion and inhalation. 
* Combustible. Flash point = 199 C. Explosion risk.
* Produces toxic fumes. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol, methanol, ether, benzene. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	NO2C6H4NH2	 	
CAS 	100-01-6 	 	
Melting Point 	- 	Density	1.437 g/ml
Molecular Weight	138.1 	 	
Boiling Point 	332 C 	 	
== Resources and Citations ==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 6681
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989 Comment: Used in test for lignin
Category:Materials database
Pararealgar

== Description ==
An orange-yellow arsenic sulfide mineral that can occur as a light induced alteration product of realgar. Pararealgar has been found in association with realgar in occasional classical artwork, as well as southeast Asian and European paintings. Orange realgar will convert to yellow pararealgar on exposure to light. The differences phases of orpiment, realgar and pararealgar can be distinguish with Raman spectroscopy.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
arsenic sulfide
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Carcinogen and mutagen
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Monoclinic, yellow, prismatic crystals. 
* Fracture=brittle and uneven 
* Luster=vitreous to resinous. 
* Pigment particles are irregular with high relief.
Composition 	AsS
Mohs Hardness 	1.0-1.5
Density 	3.52 g/ml
Molecular Weight	106.99
Refractive Index	>2.02
==Resources and Citations==
* Ruth Siddall, 'Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials' Minerals Vol 8, p. 201 (2018). Link
* K. Trentelman, L. Stodulski, M. Pavlosky, 'Characterization of pararealgar and other light-induced transformation products from realgar by Raman microspectroscopy' Analytical Chemistry 68 (1996) 1755-1761.
* Webmineral: Pararealgar
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004
Category:Materials database
Pararosaniline chloride

== Description ==
An amorphous form of rosaniline. The red organic colorant is used for fabric and inks.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|pararosaniline chloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pararosaniline; CI 42500; Basic Red 9; benzenamine, 4- [(4-aminophenyl) (4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene) methyl]-, monohydrochloride; para magenta
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Carcinogen. Possible mutagen. 
* Avoid direct contact. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol. Slightly soluble in water and ether.
Composition 	HOC(C6H4NH2)3.HCl
CAS 	569-61-9
Melting Point 	268-270 C(dec)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 323.85
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Paratacamite

== Description ==
A light green, chlorinated copper corrosion product. Paratacamite is a basic copper chloride. It has been found as a green pigment in 5th - 8th century Asian wall paintings, as well as in some later Persian miniature and European paintings. On copper and bronze artifacts, paratacamite and atacamite indicate the presence of bronze disease.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Paratacamite.PNG~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
basic copper chloride; Paratacamit (Deut.); para atacamiet (Ned.); 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Composition = Cu(OH)2-CuCl
* Description = Dark green, massive or rhombohedral crystals
* Fracture = Conchoidal
* Luster = Vitreous to dull
* Streak = light green
* Hardness = 3
* Density = 3.74 g/cm3
==Resources and Citations==
* Webmineral: Paratacamite
* Wikipedia: Paratacamite
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigment'
Category:Materials database
Parathion

== Description ==
A highly toxic organic phosphate insecticide. Parathion was introduced in 1947. The pale yellow liquid acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor. It interrupts the function of the central nervous system and causes death by respiratory failure.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|parathionir.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
O,O-diethyl-O,p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate; ethyl parathion; O,O-diethyl-p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate; AATP; Niran; Penncap-E
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion. 
* Flammable. Flash point = 120-160 C. 
* NIH: Compound summary
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ester, alcohols, ketones, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, oils. Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in petroleum ether, kerosene.
Composition 	(C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2
CAS 	56-38-2
Melting Point 	6 C
Density 	1.26 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 291.27
Refractive Index	1.5367
Boiling Point 	375 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment:parathion [Accessed March 26, 2002].
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6897
Category:Materials database
Paratoluidine

== Description ==
Transparent colorless crystals prepared by treating nitrotoluene with acetic acid in the presence of iron. Paratoluidine is used in the manufacture of some synthetic organic red colorants. Paratoluidine reds are sometimes used in inks but are not used as an artist colors because they bleed and fade with time.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|paratoluidine.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
p-toluidine; 4-aminotoluene; 4-amino-1-methylbenzene; p-methylaniline
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Combustible. Flash point = 86C (188F) 
* NIH: Compound summary
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in alcohols, ether, acetone, carbon disulfide, oils, dilute acids. Slightly soluble in water. 
Darkens on exposure to air.
Composition 	C6H4CH3NH2
CAS 	106-49-0
Melting Point 	44-45 C
Density 	1.046 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 107.2
Boiling Point 	200-201 C
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9396
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
Category:Materials database
Parchment

== Description ==
A thin writing or drawing sheet prepared from the skin of a sheep or goat. Parchment was used as early as 2nd century BCE in Rome and the Near East. The skin is dehaired with lime then scraped, rubbed, and polished with abrasives (pumice) and fillers (chalk or talc) on one side to provide a smooth writing surface. Thin translucent sheets of parchment made from stillborn or newly born calves or lambs are called vellum. They are used for documents, fine books, drum heads, and lamp shades. The term parchment is sometimes applied to modern paper (wood pulp) products with that are finished to imitate the appearance of vellum or parchment (see vegetable parchment).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
parchemin (Fr.); pergaminho (Port.); drumhead leather
== Risks ==
* Adversely affected by moisture and high humidities. 
* Susceptible to biodeterioration.
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.Reed, Ancient Skins, Parchments and Leathers Seminar Press, London & New York, 1972 
* Peter Rück (ed), Pergament, Geschichte-Strucktur-Restaurierung-Herstellung, Sigmaringen, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 1991. (German)
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "parchment" [Accessed October 31, 2001
* Silvie Turner, Which Paper?, Design Press, New York, 1991
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Category:Materials database
Parchment glue

== Description ==
A jelly-like, water soluble product of cooked parchment scraps. Parchment glue is composed of gelatin. It is used as a paper and textile size.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Parchment Glue.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
parchment size; cola de pergaminio (Esp.);
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Parchment paper

== Description ==
An unstandardized name that is used for both imitation parchment and vegetable parchment.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
greaseproof paper; imitation parchment; glassine; Pergamyn; Papyrine; Parchmoid; vegetable parchment
==Resources and Citations==
* D. van der Reyden, C.Hofmann, M.Baker "Effects of Aging and Solvent Treatments on Some Properties of Contemporary Tracing Papers" JAIC 32:177-206, 1993.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 582
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Parian cement

== Description ==
A cement made with finely powdered gypsum mixed with borax to accelerate the setting. Parian cement has high strength and can be polished. Parian cement is a hard-finish plaster that is used for flooring and for imitation tiling.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gypsum cement; hard-finish plaster
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 174
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Parian marble

== Description ==
A pure white, sugary-grain, translucent marble with large shiny calcite crystals. Since the 2nd millennium BCE, Parian marble has been quarried on the Isle of Paros at sites located in the central area near the village of Marathi. Parian marble was used for sculpture and buildings. Variations have been classified based on grain size as well as isotopic and trace element compositions (Attanasio 2003): - Type I: fine to medium grain, lustrous warm white, used in classical times - Type II: medium to large grain - Type III: medium to large grain
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pyros marble; Paros marble; hard Grechetto; lichnites; Parischer Marmor (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ancient Trade Routes: Website 
* Donato Attanasio, Mauro Brilli, Neil Ogle, The Isotopic Signature of Classical Marbles, L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma, 2006: Website 
* Donato Attanasio, Ancient White Marbles. Analysis and Characterization by PRS, L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma, 2003: Website
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Luciana and Tiziano Mannoni, Marble: the history of a culture, Facts on File Publications
* Janet Burnett Grossman, Looking at Greek and Roman Sculpture in Stone, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2003
Category:Materials database
Paris black

== Description ==
An inferior grade of ivory black (Mayer 1969). See also bone black.
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database