Lyndon B. Johnson

"Landslide" Lyndon "Jumbo"LBJ Was Obsessed With His Dick by Jordan Sargent (03/30/15 03:25PM) Gawker. B(aines). Johnson, aka LBJ, from Texas was the 36th President of the United States. Johnson succeeded John F. Kennedy as POTUS upon the latter's assassination, and subsequently won the office in his own right in 1964 by demolishing Barry Goldwater, an election that was part of the shift of southern racists to the Republicans (ironic for a Texan whose prior record on the subject of racial was also poor).When Lyndon B. Johnson Chose the Middle Ground on Civil Rights—and Disappointed Everyone by Zachary Clary (January 23, 2023) Smithsonian Magazine.
There's a reason why there hadn't been any Civil Rights legislation since Reconstruction until LBJ showed up: it was an impossible task, and it took a legislative genius to do it. Obama isn't in the same league (but then, neither was JFK). LBJ ran the Senate between 1954–1960. Obama and JFK were fairly unexceptional Senators.As a senator, Kennedy voted with segregationists to weaken the Civil Rights Act of 1957 after being lobbied by Johnson.
Johnson was first elected to Congress as a young New Dealer who strongly backed then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt.The Election of a Texas New Dealer: Lyndon Johnson's 1937 Race for Congress. Austin Community College. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
Of course, during his first 20 years of public office prior to his presidency, LBJ refused to pass a single piece of legislation to advance the cause of civil rights, even criticizing attempts to promote the rights of minorities.During Lyndon B. Johnson’s first 20 years in Congress, "he opposed every civil rights measure that came up for a vote." by Barack Obama (April 10, 2014) Politifact. Rated as "true". Indeed, he even voted against various anti-lynching legislation.My Search for Coke Stevenson by Robert A. Caro (February 3, 1991) The New York Times.
==Rise and fall==
Before running for the Vice Presidency, Johnson had a prominent Congressional career in the House from 1937-1949 and in the Senate from 1949-1960. He was the Democratic Senate leader from 1952-1960 and was able to bring home to his native Texas NASA as its permanent headquarters. It is widely considered by historiansFor example, Robert Caro, in Master of the Senate and Robert Dallek in Lone Star Rising that Lyndon Johnson was the most powerful Senate Leader of all time. He masterminded the weakening down of the ,The Civil Rights Act of 1957. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved March 3, 2021. which happened with the removal of powers authorized to the attorney generalHR. 6127. Civil Rights Act Of 1957. Amendment To Delete Authority For Attorney General To Seek Preventive Relief In Civil Rights Cases Under The 14th Amendment (Jul 24, 1957) GovTrack. as well as the passage of the jury trial amendment.HR. 6127. Civil Rights Act Of 1957. Amendment To Guarantee Jury Trials In All Cases Of Criminal Contempt And Provide Uniform Methods For Selecting Federal Court Juries (Aug 2, 1957) GovTrack.
For the most successful stretch of his presidency, LBJ had two-thirds majorities in both chambers of Congress.Due to the filibuster, in many ways, Obama had something comparable to a clear majority in the Senate. That period lasted less than half a year due to Ted Kennedy's death and the special election. He had that at a time when the filibuster, as we currently know it, did not exist (it was a speaking filibuster only). Then as now, the Democrats were a very divided party. One just can't count on a Democratic super-majority for a unified voting block. The Southern Democrats (racists) were more inclined to trust Johnson, as a fellow Southerner. He also enjoyed tremendous goodwill following the death of JFK, who fought for the same goals. His success was contingent both on the conditions at the time and his talents. 
Johnson's presidency is perhaps best remembered for his "" programs to assist poverty and basic needs in America. Johnson also took numerous steps in helping the civil rights movement achieve its goals: He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 — a miraculous achievement, given the southern control of the Senate and the peculiar rules of the institution in which a third of the Senators can block the passage of legislation by filibustering. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was also created. Johnson also signed the Gun Control Act of 1968, which upset conservatives who believed that it was a massive conspiracy to take away their only defense from hippies who hid in the bushes and randomly attacked you unless you had a gun 24/7. 
He then pissed away all that goodwill by escalating the war in Vietnam, culminating in a group of "Wise Men" with a lot of money in their pockets going to Washington and essentially telling him, "You're through, you're not running for reelection." He didn't."Johnson Meets With the 'Wise Men'" by Andrew Glass (03/25/10 05:39 AM EDT) Politico. The big question is why a president who did more for civil rights than either FDR or Kennedy is remembered as a warmonger. The quick answer is, Kennedy's energetic charisma elicited better biographers.
Johnson escalated the war with an integrated military, thinking black and white would pull together in a common cause as they did a generation earlier in World War II. Vietnam was, ironically, part of his civil rights program. But that was not really a good reason to start a foreign war, and by the 1960s, attitudes about patriotism changed.
The real tragedy about Johnson, as Nixon mentioned in his 1983 interviews, is that the Vietnam mess could have all been avoided if he just decided to act as he would naturally in the Senate rather than try to fulfill the role of "President Johnson" and appease a bunch of people who were always going to hate him anyway.The Nixon/Gannon Interviews, Day 2, 4.7.83. Nixon: "Johnson's problem was nobody told him, "Let Johnson be Johnson." If Johnson had been Johnson in Vietnam, he would have finished it before I ever got to be president. And maybe if he'd finished it, I would have never been president. So—who knows?"
===Conclusion===
Johnson might have gone down as one of our greatest Presidents, but his Texas-sized hubris, which had so long served him well, orchestrated his downfall with his escalation of an unnecessary and unpopular war. And unfortunately, 56 years later, history ended up repeating itself.
==Damn Yankees==
This feud goes back all the way to the FDR era. Johnson saw the Kennedys as a pawn of their an amoral gangster eager to buy his way into the White House. He was puzzled as to why JFK was so popular when he was pretty useless in the House/Senate (true). The Kennedys saw LBJ as a corrupt southern crook (also true). They both desperately wanted to be president in 1960, so that's a start. In some cases, JFK straight-up marginalized Johnson. They wanted him on the ticket to shore up their numbers in Texas (JFK was even considering dropping him from the ticket); otherwise, the members of the administration were all Kennedy operators.
According to Caro's books, immediately after RFK's assassination, Johnson checked to see if he had any legal right to be buried in Arlington Cemetery.
==Lyndon Johnson conspiracy theories==
Liberals have also attacked Johnson for what they see as a conspiracy to start the Vietnam War. However, evidence suggests that the Gulf of Tonkin incident, rather than being a deliberately staged false flag operation, was a CIA/NSA cock up, eagerly snatched up by LBJ as an excuse for its existing wish to ramp up U.S. involvement in Vietnam or alternatively he could not afford to "look weak" in an election year. The actual conspiracy came later when the mistake was realized yet kept under wraps by LBJ and the intelligence services.A Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA by Tim Weiner (2008) Anchor. .
Some on both sides believe that he plotted Kennedy's death. This has no basis whatsoever and is as likely as Jackie Kennedy having been the gunman instead of Oswald or a piece of really whack satire by Paul Krassner.Paul Krassner, countercultural ringmaster and leader of the Yippies, dies at 87 by Harrison Smith (July 22, 2019 at 7:29 p.m. EDT) The Washington Post.The Parts That Were Left Out of the Kennedy Book by Paul Krassner (May 1967) The Realist 74:1,18. It also may be a sign of watching too much House of Cards.‘House of Cards’ creator Beau Willimon plays a solid hand by Todd Leopold (11:56 AM EDT, Wed August 28, 2013) CNN. Oh yes, LBJ poisoned a Congressman, pushed a journalist into a subway, and neither forensic evidence nor the media picked up on it.
Wingnuts often cite the Johnson years as the start of the New World Order and contend that the Great Society was a communist plot to destroy "liberty", i.e., segregation. They also believe that the Vietnam War was a plan to enact communism even though the war was designed to contain communism.
Additionally, right-wingers often try to prop up a bullshit story about LBJ claiming that passing civil rights will "have those niggers voting Democratic for the next 200 years." Aside from the quote's highly dubious nature,Is this a real quote? (c. 2014) /r/askhistorians, Reddit. it's often trotted out to deflect from the current Republican Party's rampant problem with minority issues.There's a reason the Democrats lost the South.
==The Great Society==
thumb|400px|Despite a robust start, the results on War on Poverty have been mostly stagnated over the last decades, - even if spending with social security and healthcare explain 50% of the spending growth in US.[https://www.crfb.org/blogs/mandatory-spending-makes-bulk-spending-growth Mandatory Spending Makes Up the Bulk of Spending Growth] (May 4, 2018) Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. As the image suggests, the improvement trend started before the Great Society was launched.
While some Republicans regard it as a massive failure and some Democrats as an outstanding success, the results of the Great Society are, unsurprisingly, far more mixed. Being such a huge program, it is probably correct to analyze its many sub-programs and goals than the program as a whole. Doing such, we’ll find out that, despite succeeding in many areas, the Great Society also failed in many others. The social security apparently managed to reduce consumption-based poverty, though other programs had a very small impact, and the reduction of the income-based poverty is mostly a result of the economic growth.Winning The War: Poverty From The Great Society To The Great Recession by Bruce D. Meyer & James X. Sullivan (January 2013) National Bureau Of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. 18718.
Perhaps the utmost failure of the Great Society was on the healthcare, nominally the Medicare and Medicaid programs, considering how the US has the worst indicators when it comes to health among the OECD countries even though its public spending exceeds by any measure any other country in this specific field.Social Expenditure - Aggregated data OECD. Another important criticism is that a considerable part of the spending doesn't go for the poor — it goes for the elderly.Are We Stuck with the Great Society? by Bryan Caplan, George Mason University and Mercatus Center.
Overall, the poor in the United States are probably better off with than without the Great Society, even considering how expensive it was and how the results weren't even that remarkable. One good example of what can be done is the that cut spending but also managed to reduce poverty.Evaluating Welfare Reform In The United States by Rebecca M. Blank (June 2002) National Bureau Of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. 8983.
Critics who say that the Great Society was a failure, notably Ronald ReaganRemarks at a Fundraising Dinner Honoring Former Representative John M. Ashbrook in Ashland, Ohio by Ronald Reagan (May 9, 1983) Ronald Reagan Presidential Library & Museum. and Paul Ryan,Ryan: Stop ‘dependency’ culture by Juana Summers (10/24/2012 03:36 PM EDT) Politico. have cherry-picked parts of it that they don't like or that they claim failed, without mentioning the manifold parts of it (including numerous War on Poverty projects), many parts of which are now quite popular (among non-libertarians at least) and part of the American fabric."The Great Society" by Joshua Zeitz. In: Myth America: Historians Take On the Biggest Legends and Lies About Our Past, edited by Kevin M. Kruse & Julian E. Zelizer (2022) Basic Books. ISBN 1541601394. Pages 225-236.
Programs launched by Johnson through his Great Society initiative include:
Laws passed as part of the Great Society include:
A guaranteed basic family income was one of the ideas that the Johnson administration considered as part of the Great Society, but had rejected. Hillary Clinton also had considered proposing such a program for her 2016 presidential run.
The success of the Great Society programs was predicated upon sustained economic growth, which did occur before and during the beginning of Johnson's presidency. Johnson was his own worst enemy in this regard; by ramping up the Vietnam War, he tanked the economy with high inflation in the years to come.
==Anecdotes==
*Johnson earned his nickname, "Landslide Lyndon", when he was first elected to the Senate by stuffing the ballot box and winning by only 87 votes in an election with over 1 million votes cast.How 'Landslide Lyndon' Earned His Name by David S. Broder (March 4, 1990) The Washinton Post.
*Every moment of the president's day and schedule is precious to be effective and get things done. Johnson held meetings with aides and reporters while sitting on the crapper.Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973 by Robert Dallek (1998) Oxford University Press. .
*Johnson was rather fond of his genitalia and bragging about them using his best "Texas Crude";Texas Crude: The How-To on Talkin' Texan by Ken Weaver (1984) Plume. . hence he ordered extra roomy pants from the White House directly from the president of the company ("But, uh when I gain a little weight they cut me under there. So, leave me, you never do have much of margin there. See if you can't leave me an inch from where the zipper [belches] ends, round, under my, back to my bunghole, so I can let it out there if I need to.")
* For all his faults, Lyndon B. Johnson had a prowess for understanding his opponents and converting to his way of thinking via the infamous "Johnson Treatment", The Johnson Treatment: Lyndon B. Johnson and Theodore F. Green, 1957 by George Tames, Afterimage Gallery. a frighteningly effective mixture of badgering, charm and physical intimidation. He boasted nearly familial relationships with opposing figures such as Richard Russell of Georgia, and it was key to his presidency being as legislatively successful as it was.
==Notes==
==References==
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