nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
REV1

Upon a train crossing a section of track with a phase mismatch, the autoreverser promptly corrects the phasing, preventing a short circuit and subsequent layout shutdown.
A short circuit is detected within less than five microseconds, and corrected within 10–20 milliseconds. The detection level is approximately 1.75A, applicable only to DCC layouts. Suitable for scales up to OO/HO.
Compatible with all DCC command stations capable of providing 2.5A or higher output. Not compatible with Hornby HM7000 when the rails are powered by DC; use BLOCKsignalling REV2 instead.
RPS

From the JMRI Website:
The RPS System allows you to locate the exact position of locomotives and other rolling stock that have been equipped with transmitter decoders. The system makes up to 10 measurements per second and each reading is accurate to much better than an inch, which makes many imaginative uses possible.
It works with Digitrax, NCE, and Lenz systems.
See the JMRI Hardware Support page here for more info.
Category:Transponding
Category:Signaling
RRampMeter

==Description==
Simple walk-around measurements of layout voltage drops, precise booster output setup to optimize voltages for decoders and sound units.
For Versions 1 to 3, the maximum DCC voltage is 28 volts and 10 amps, which conforms to NMRA specifications. The maximum AC voltage is approximately 20 volts and 7.5 amps. Version 4 accepts DCC voltage of 33.8 volts and 26.6 amps (peak). AC is 24 volts at 20 amps, DC is 33.8 volts and 26.6 amps (peak).
Version 1 can be upgraded to Version 2 or Version 3 using an upgrade kit.
* Accurate to 2 – 3% of reading.
* The only inexpensive device which accurately measures DCC Volts/Amps.
* Also measures AC and DC Volts/Amps.
* Costs less than DVMs that cannot measure DCC. Ver I, II, & III are rated at 10 Amps and Ver IV is rated at 20 Amps.
* Measures true RMS Volts/Amps, +/- 2%.
* Suitable for all scales.
* No battery required.
* Designed for Left/Right-hand use.
* PCB length 5.63"; Enclosure length 4", width 2", height 1.25"
* Four Styles Available:
** Version I RRampMeter Circuit Module without enclosure. Bare RRampMeter Module; 7 – 28V, 10A (DCC). 
** Version II RRampMeter with Enclosure and Clip Leads; 7 – 28V, 10A (DCC). .
** Version III RRampmeter Same as II, with Battery backup for measurements below 7 Volts, 0 – 23V, 10A (DCC). 
** Version IV RRampmeterHP: Same as III but for Large Scale voltage and current measurements: 
*** DCC: 38.6V, 18 – 20 Amps 
*** AC: 27.6V, 18 – 20 Amps 
*** DC: 38.6V, 18 – 20 Amps. 
==Usage==
There are two status LEDs that indicate the presence of DCC or AC voltages. Both LEDs on indicate the presence of DCC voltage. Since DCC and AC voltages have no polarity, the wiring is not affected. However, when measuring DC polarity is important, reverse the wires if there is no readout. 
Units that have a battery or an external DC power supply display DC voltage and current regardless of polarity.
RX4

==Description==
Used to collect rolling stock data within a transponder block. Can only be used by Digitrax system. Commonly used by software to help keep track of where items are located within the railway.
===Features ===
* Know the layout zone location of transponder-equipped locos and rolling rolling stock
* Each RX4 handles 4 transponding zones
* Low current pulses will not interfere with DCC decoders or other track signals
* Can be used in conjunction with other means of occupancy detection to customize your layout's feedback system
* Works with most DCC compatible systems
* Can be adapted to work with other command control systems as well
* Location and identification information updated continuously on LocoNet
* Location Information can be configured for display on a track diagram
* No modification of existing equipment required, just add the transponding components
* More features than any other method of bi-directional communication.
Note: RX4s must be used in conjunction with a Digitrax BDL16 series occupancy detector to function.
RailSync

The RailSync lines communicate a copy of the track signals to the Boosters for amplification and transmission to the rails. RailSync can power a limited number of connected devices on small layouts, such as Utility Panels. As the number of power consuming LocoNet devices attached to LocoNet increases, the need to separately power those devices increases. 
RailSync is a low power differential signal that mirrors the Digital Command Control packets on the rails. It is generated by the Command Station and sent out via LocoNet (pins 1 & 6) to devices such as Boosters, Occupancy Detectors and any other device which requires RailSync to operate. Boosters receive the RailSync data, amplify and output it to the track. RailSync can also be used as a source of power for low current devices such as throttles.
RailSync uses pins 1 and 6 of the LocoNet cable.
By using a differential signal, the receiving device can sum the two signals to cancel any common mode noise which may result in errors.
== Technical Note ==
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR): By summing the differential signal, any noise present will be cancelled out. 
 Example: 
# The signal is +5V on one line and –5V on the other. 
# There is 3V of noise present. 
The positive signal is connected to the non-inverting input of an operational amplifier (op-amp) while the negative signal connects to the inverting input of the op-amp.
; 5 – (–5) = 10 (Desired signal)
; 3 – 3 = 0 (Noise)
; Result is a 10V signal with no noise present.
An Op Amp performs a summing operation by subtracting the non-inverting input from the inverting input. When used as an amplifier, the gain can be controlled using negative feedback, where the output is connected to the inverting input. Without negative feedback the gain would be infinite. By adding a resistor into the feedback loop, gain can be controlled, with no resistor the gain is 1 or unity. 
The 3V noise signal is common to both lines (their amplitudes are identical), and their sum results in one line's noise cancelling the other.
=== For more information see: === 
* LocoNet
* Bushby Bit
* LocoNet and RailSync Voltages
Category:LocoNet
Category:Digitrax
Roco Hints

==Consisting==
When using a Roco MaultiMaus system, it is possible to set up advanced consists by manually changing CV19 in the required locomotives.
==Using Lenz with 10764 Command Station==
In spite of Roco's statement that this cannot be used with the Lenz Digital Plus system, Lenz throttles work perfectly well within the limitations of the 10764. There is some functionality loss, notably:
* Inability to control a non DCC equipped locomotive (Loco 0)
* No double heading- consisting must be decoder assisted
Category:Roco
Rolling Road

A Rolling Road is a test setup for a locomotive that allows it to be operated without actually moving. Its driving wheels rest on and pick up power from ball bearing mounts. This is very useful for testing DCC decoder functions, especially sound.
In the days of steam, some shops had a length of test track coated with grease. A freshly shopped locomotive would be driven onto the test track, and the throttle opened up. Since there is little friction between the rail and drivers, the drivers slip. This allowed the shop crews to simulate miles of travel over a few minutes and a short distance. Adjustments could be made and quickly assessed in this manner. 
One manufacturer of rolling roads was Bachrus Inc., which made saddles to support the wheels, and other accessories. Bachrus also offered a digital speedometer, which can be used for break-in, trim adjustments, and speed matching locomotives. It was offered as a standalone unit, or as a USB interface to JMRI. 
:Unfortunately the owner of Bachrus Inc. retired and there was no interest in purchasing the company. The product is no longer available.
Bachmann makes supports in two gauges (OO/HO and G) and in two varieties. Their E-Z Rider™ ball bearing stands are intended for locomotive driving wheels and the less expensive (non ball bearing equipped) ones are for supporting idle wheels (such as pony trucks and tender wheels). All are intended to rest on live track for full electrical pickup.
Category:Multifunction Decoder
Routes

Routes are a feature that some stationary decoders offer.
By programming a route, you can control multiple turnouts with a single command, allowing a number of turnouts to be thrown to create that route. It can also insure that trains will not be derailed if certain turnouts are thrown to create a route that will direct the train against another turnout.
More information at Digitrax: DS64 Routes
Category:Transponding
Category:Signaling
Rule 17

==Rule 17==
Rule 17 is a prototype railroad rule specifying conditions for dimming lights on locomotives. Many DCC multifunction decoders support dimming to a greater or lesser degree. 
=== What is Rule 17? ===
Rule 17 is a collection of rules governing which lights are to be illuminated on a locomotive at given times and to when they should be dimmed. These rules vary by railroad but follow a similar pattern. The general purpose of the rule is to ensure that the locomotive is visible, without creating undue glare for others in the area.
* Except when an engine is clear of the main and stopped, both the front (and rear if so equipped) headlights should be on.
* The light in the direction of travel shall be a full brightness except:
** 1. At stations and yards where switching is being done.
** 2. When the engine is stopped close behind another train.
** 3. In non-signalled (dark) territory, when the engine is stopped on the main track waiting on an approaching train.
** 4. When approaching and passing the head end and rear end of a train on the adjacent track.
** 5. At other times to permit passing of hand signals or when the safety of employees requires. 
* The opposite light should be dimmed.
====Rule 5.9.x====
Rule 17 is commonly used as the model railroading term, and was the traditional prototype number for this rule. In modern rule books it is usually covered as Rule 5.9.1 to 5.9.4.
===Rule 17 and DCC ===
Many multifunction decoders can support Rule 17. Configuration variables must be set, which vary between decoders. Lights must be set for independent operation – F0 controls front light, F1 controls the rear. Since Rule 17 specifies behaviour of both lights, it is clearly not compatible with directional lighting. If Rule 17 is enabled, the light opposite the direction of travel will be dimmed. An additional function (usually F4) will dim the light in the direction of travel.
There will usually be another CV to set the brightness of the dimmed light. This will usually require tuning, particularly in non-"plug and play" decoders as the duty cycle necessary to dim a LED will be different from that required by an incandescent bulb.
Some decoders will automatically dim when stopped, which is convenient if not exactly prototypical. Others require the use of F4.
Also see FX Lighting.
S88

=== History of S88 ===
One of the oldest but still popular throttle networking buses is S88. Created by/for Märklin, it is simple and cheap. It is in the public domain.
S88 is a “serial” bus: All modules are connected in a daisy chain, one after the other. There is no “addressing” per se, each feedback address depends on the position of the module in the chain, and how many feedback addresses the module has (8 or 16 in most cases):
=== Theory ===
The modules are connected via a standard 6-pin cable from a module to another, and finally to the control station or computer interface.
An alternative to flat cable (prone to interference): Standard computer twisted pair networking cables as a replacement. 
There is a semi-official standard, called S88-N, for TP (twisted pair) cables. This is being adopted by some manufacturers (mostly German), who integrate network (RJ45) plugs directly in their modules.
=== Implementations ===
S88 is used by Uhlenbrock, although most of their command stations also implement LocoNet. The ESU ECOS series use S88. Zimo also offers S88 on many of their products.
=== Technical Info ===
* S88N info
Category:Throttle Network
Category:Communication BUS
SDCC1

The BLOCKsignalling SDCC1 is a compact and self-contained miniature DCC Control Station designed specifically for model railways. It enables the operation of a single DCC-equipped locomotive in both forward and reverse directions along a designated track segment. 
* Runs a DCC equipped loco back and forth along a single section of track.
* Optional station stop function
* Can operate a train around a loop, stopping at stations along the way.
* Easy adjustment of waiting times, just like a DC shuttle.
* Locomotive speed is set using potentiometers on the board 
* Quick and easy to connect and set-up.
* Requires a 12V 1A DC Power Supply.
This device requires an isolated section of track, separate from all other trackage on the layout.
SDXH167D

== Description ==
* Eight selectable Steam & Diesel Sound Schemes
* Fits many H0 locomotives
* Digitrax 9-Pin Harness
* 1 Amp / 2 Amp Peak
* Six FX3 Functions, 200mA Output
* New sound .spjs loadable with Digitrax USB programmer
* 10-Pin sound harness with 8 Ohm 16 x 26 x 9mm Box Speaker
* Support Page
* IPL Updates
SE74

==Features==
* Fully connectorized installation.
* Optional support for DCC 9-Aspect control mode, including Lunars.
* Easy setup with Option Switches and LocoNet programming.
* Configurable for four solenoid or four slow-motion turnout control.
* 8 Input lines for local control and sensors.
* 8 System routes with 8 entries each.
* Advanced LocoNet configuration capability with Series7 style installation support using a DT602.
==Parts List==
* 1 SE74 Stationary Decoder
* 1 10-pin pluggable input cable
* 1 Instruction Sheet
* 1 SE1 PCB test mast and 10 pin cable
SIC24

The SIC24 and the improved SIC24AD are designed and manufactured by Team Digital.
== SIC24 ==
;Discontinued
The SIC24 is suited to control various types of signals and indicators on a layout or a CTC panel. It can be used as a signal controller, to indicate block occupancy and turnout position or as a grade crossing gate controller with flashing signals. Combinations of some of these features are also possible. The SIC24 is compatible with many DCC systems.
=== Features ===
* Built-in logic for automatically controlling signals using block detection
* Configurable to model many signaling systems
* Computer not required, but can be used with one
* 24 inputs
* 8 outputs
* Serial communications between boards
* LocoNet compatible
The SIC24 sends and receives switch commands, switch position feedback and sensor/block detection messages. It uses these same messages to communicate between multiple SIC24s and to determine signal states. All communication is over a serial bus, reducing the needed number of wires to implement a signal system. The serial bus is based on Digitrax’s LocoNet® and some features are unique to a Digitrax system. However, a Digitrax DCC system is not required for operation or programming. The SIC24 is compatible with LocoNet® block detectors such as the Digitrax BDL16 or detectors connected to its inputs such as the Team Digital DBD22 .
== SIC24AD ==
The SIC24AD is an updated version of the SIC24. It features the following improvements: 
* Smart Programming improved with additional options for easier setup. 
* CVs 1 to 9 have changed to be similar to SRC16. 
* Decoder Configuration CV9 has some different options. No option to support Digitrax SE8C. 
* Digitrax specific - improved LocoNet® interface resulting in fewer grounding issues with LocoNet®. 
* DCC to serial bus gateway option. 
== Further Reading ==
Signaling
=== External Links ===
* http://www.teamdigital1.com/index.html Team Digital website
* http://www.teamdigital1.com/prod_catalogue/sic24_product/sic24.html SIC24
** http://www.teamdigital1.com/resources/documents/sic24_doc.pdf Manual
* http://www.teamdigital1.com/prod_catalogue/sic24ad_product/sic24ad.html SIC24AD
** Manual http://www.teamdigital1.com/resources/documents/sic24ad_doc.pdf Manual
Category:Signaling
Category:Computers
Category:Electronics
SPDT

Category:Electrical
Category:Wiring
A Single-Pole Double-Throw (SPDT) or changeover switch has one set ("single throw") of contacts at both switch positions ("double throw").
SPDT can also refer to a relay where it means exactly the same thing except that the contacts are operated by an electromagnet instead of a mechanical lever or button.
Switches can come in various varieties:
* Make-before-break means that when you throw the switch it completes the new circuit before disconnecting the old one. This is not very common, most switches work the other way round.
* Center-off have an additional center position where the switch is completely off. 
* Momentary switches are spring-loaded so they return to a default position. When combined with center-off, they can be useful for applications such as operating a twin-coil turnout motor.
For more information see the page on Electrical Devices.
Sandbox-2

PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software 	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software	PowerCab/SB3/SB5 Software
DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com 	DCCWiki.com
Version 	System 	MaxNumber ofCabs 	CabAddresses 	AccessoryAddresses 	New Features/Changes 	USBSupport 	LocoSelectionAction 	SoftwareProductionStatus 	Notes
V1.1 	Power Cab 	2 	3 	3 	Initial Version. 	No 	a 	Discontinued 	
V1.28 	Power Cab 	3 	3 – 4 	3 – 4 	Cab address 4 added because Cab04e requires two cab addresses to fully work. 	No 	b 	Discontinued 	3
V1.28a 	Power Cab 	3 	3 – 4 	3 – 4 	 	No 	b 	Discontinued 	3
V1.28b 	Power Cab 	3 	3 – 4 	3 – 4 	Loco Selection Action Option 	No 	c 	Discontinued 	3
V1.28c 	Power Cab 	3 	3 – 4 	3 – 4 	USB Adapter SupportCurrent Overload Protection 	Yes 	c 	Discontinued 	1, 23
V1.28d1 	SB3/SB3a 	4 	2–5 	2 – 5 	First release of SB software.Code space for programming track replaced with code to support more throttles and 6 recall support. 	Yes 	c 	Discontinued 	2
V1.28d2 	SB3/SB3a 	4 	2–5 	2 – 5 	Same as V1.28d1 with some unknown bug fix. 	Yes 	c 	Discontinued 	2
V1.65 	Power Cab 	4 	3 – 5 	3-5, 8-10 	Expanded Cab Support6 Recall SupportExpanded Accessory Support.Thumbwheel ProgrammingKnown Bugs:A) When Exiting Service Programming mode will cause the following:1) Bell function remapped to F1 to F32) Loss of Ammeter function if active3) Recall reset to 1B) When resetting the PowerCab, expanded cab support is lost and software reverts to V1.28 limitations. Cab address 5 and Accessory addresses 8-10 are lost.	Yes 	b 	Discontinued 	2, 4
V1.65 	SB3a/SB5 	6 	2-7 	2-7, 8-10 	First Software Upgrade for SB3a/SB5. Has same features and bugs as PowerCab above. Bug B shows up as loss of cab address 6-7 and 8-10 accessory addresses. 	Yes 	b 	Discontinued 	2, 4, 5
V1.65. 	Power Cab 	4 	3-5 	3-5, 8-10 	Same as V1.65 with bug fixes for bug "A" above. Later NCE removed the "." reference after the number 5 and shipped it as V1.65. You cannot tell the difference anymore. However this version still has Bug "B". V1.65B fixes all bugs. Call NCE. 	Yes 	b 	Discontinued 	2, 4, 5
V1.65B 	SB3a/SB5 	6 	2-7 	2-7, 8-10 	Fixes bugs A and B. 	Yes 	b 	Production 	2, 4
V1.65B 	Power Cab 	4 	3-5 	3-5, 8-10 	Fixes bugs A and B. 	Yes 	b 	Production 	2, 4
The notes are ghosted as their source is unkown.
Selectrix

== Selectrix (SX) ==
While Selectrix is technically more advanced than NMRA DCC, with a bus system which is much faster and decoders small enough for Z Scale, there are some limitations.
The biggest limitation is the issue of single source. D&H is the sole supplier of the Selectrix integrated circuits needed to manufacture the system's components. Unlike DCC, where manufacturers are not tied to one supplier for a critical component. 
=== Open Standard ===
In 1999 the two companies mutually agreed to terminate their licensing agreement. Since then, Selectrix has become a widely recognized open standard and is supported by several equipment manufacturers in Europe. Selectrix is especially popular in smaller N and Z scale model railways. European Model Train Association, MOROP has covered Selectrix data protocols partially in their NEM standards.
Selectrix first appeared in 1982, and later was rebranded in 1987 as Trix Selectrix.
===SX Bus===
Selectrix uses one data bus for controlling everything, including rolling stock and accessories, and includes feedback from various system components. 
The data bus is bi-directional and synchronized. This makes it possible to integrate many types of automatic functions without a separate computer and software by using only a Selectrix central unit. Because the data packets are sent and received within a fixed timeframe, system speed and reaction times are not dependent of the number of decoders controlled, as is the case with other systems, most notably NMRA DCC. Selectrix is also very resistant to data communication errors.
===Selectrix Signal Format===
The Selectrix data format seems at first glance to be similar to the FMZ format. Positive or negative pulses follow each other. The pulses are separated by a Pause Cycle. The pulses are 40 microseconds long, breaks are 10 microseconds. 
In Selectrix, the problem of the voltage reversal is solved quite differently. It is not whether the voltage is positive or negative, but each pulse is compared with the previous ones. A pulse that has the same polarity as the previous one is a logical "0", a pulse which has a different polarity than the previous one is a logical "1". Unlike the digital packet used with DCC, where time determines the value of the pulse. 
Therefore, the resulting voltage is not necessarily zero volts on average. There may be a residual voltage level, but that is not a problem as Trix never sought to mix digital and analog modes.
Details of the SX protocol can be found in the NEM 680 and 681 on the Morop Site.
The term SX is an abbreviation of SelecTriX
===Manufacturer Support===
Manufacturers of Selectrix equipment are Rautenhaus, Müt-Digirail and MTTM. Selectrix components from various manufacturers are compatible at all levels and can be freely combined in real-world Selectrix control solutions.
== Variations ==
There are two varieties of the Selectrix system:
* SelecTRIX 1
* SelecTRIX 2
SelecTRIX 1 offers 31 speed steps and 100 addresses. SelecTRIX 2 is an enhanced protocol offering 127 speed steps while supporting 10,000 addresses and an additional 16 functions. 
==See Also==
* Selectrix on Wikipedia
* Selectrix
Series Resistor

A resistor installed in series with a load, whose purpose is to limit the current. Current flowing through the resistor will result in a voltage being developed across the resistor. This is the voltage drop. A typical application is to limit current flow in an LED, or to create a voltage drop for a lamp that would be destroyed if exposed to full voltage.
It may also be called a current limiting resistor. As it follows Ohm's Law, the voltage across the series resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it. See the page on LEDs for more information.
Category:Electronics