Phycocyanine

==Nom de la substance==
Phycocyanine
==Famille moléculaire==
* Association de protéines de la famille des phycobiliprotéines, et de pigments hydrosolubles de la photosynthèse, les phycocyanobilines (famille des phycobilines)
** La phycocyanine absorbe les lumières orange et rouge, dans des longueurs d'onde proches de 620 nm, et émet de la fluorescence à environ 650 nm
==Source végétale==
* Cyanobactéries, Cyanophyceae (Algue bleue) et algues rouges
* Spiruline, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae 
==Propriétés==
* Antioxydant Bhat VB, Madyastha KM. C-phycocyanin: a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Aug 18;275(1):20-5. PMID 10944434, Bhat VB, Madyastha KM. Scavenging of peroxynitrite by phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from Spirulina platensis: protection against oxidative damage to DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 13;285(2):262-6. PMID 11444835, Benedetti S, Benvenuti F, Pagliarani S, Francogli S, Scoglio S, Canestrari F. Antioxidant properties of a novel phycocyanin extract from the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Life Sci. 2004 Sep 24;75(19):2353-62. PMID 15350832, Berenice Fernández-Rojas, Jesús Hernández-Juárez, José Pedraza-Chaverri. Nutraceutical properties of phycocyanin. Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 11, 2014, Pages 375-392, ISSN 1756-4646, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.011. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646461400317X)
* Propriétés adaptogènes et antioxydantes, entre autres par stimulation de l’érythropoïétine (EPO) cérébrale Sedriep S, Xia X, Marotta F, Zhou L, Yadav H, Yang H, Soresi V, Catanzaro R, Zhong K, Polimeni A, Chui DH. Beneficial nutraceutical modulation of cerebral erythropoietin expression and oxidative stress: an experimental study. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2011 Apr-Jun;25(2):187-94. PMID 21880207, et chélation du fer Paloma Bermejo, Enrique Piñero, Ángel Mª Villar,. Iron-chelating ability and antioxidant properties of phycocyanin isolated from a protean extract of Spirulinaplatensis. Food Chemistry, Volume 110, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 436-445, ISSN 0308-8146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.021. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814608002070) 
* Anti-inflammatoire Romay C, Armesto J, Remirez D, González R, Ledon N, García I. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C-phycocyanin from blue-green algae. Inflamm Res. 1998 Jan;47(1):36-41. PMID 9495584, González R, Rodríguez S, Romay C, Ancheta O, González A, Armesto J, Remirez D, Merino N. Anti-inflammatory activity of phycocyanin extract in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Pharmacol Res. 1999 Jan;39(1):55-9. PMID 10366332 par inhibition de la cyclo-oxygénase-2 (COX-2) Reddy CM, Bhat VB, Kiranmai G, Reddy MN, Reddanna P, Madyastha KM. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Nov 2;277(3):599-603. PMID 11062000
* Stimulation de l'érythropoïèse Satyantini, W. H., Harris, E., & Utomo, N. B. P. (2014). Pemberian Fikosianin Spirulina Meningkatkan Jumlah Sel Darah, Aktivitas Fagositosis, dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Kerapu Bebek Juvenil (administration of spirulina phycocyanin enhances blood cells, phagocytic activity and growth in humpback grouper juvenile). Jurnal Veteriner, 15(1).
* Hépatoprotecteur Vadiraja BB, Gaikwad NW, Madyastha KM. Hepatoprotective effect of C-phycocyanin: protection for carbon tetrachloride and R-(+)-pulegone-mediated hepatotoxicty in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 19;249(2):428-31. PMID 9712713
* Neuroprotecteur Romay Ch, González R, Ledón N, Remirez D, Rimbau V. C-phycocyanin: a biliprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2003 Jun;4(3):207-16. PMID 12769719 texte intégral, Rimbau V, Camins A, Romay C, González R, Pallàs M. Protective effects of C-phycocyanin against kainic acid-induced neuronal damage in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 1999 Dec 3;276(2):75-8. PMID 10624795, Bermejo-Bescós P, Piñero-Estrada E, Villar del Fresno AM. Neuroprotection by Spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Sep;22(6):1496-502. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.05.004. PMID 18572379, Chen JC, Liu KS, Yang TJ, Hwang JH, Chan YC, Lee IT. Spirulina and C-phycocyanin reduce cytotoxicity and inflammation-related genes expression of microglial cells. Nutr Neurosci. 2012 Nov;15(6):252-6. doi: 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000020. PMID 22687570
* Atténue la fibrose pulmonaire Li C, Yu Y, Li W, Liu B, Jiao X, Song X, Lv C, Qin S. Phycocyanin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 19;7(1):5843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06021-5. PMID 28725012; PMCID: PMC5517415.
* Stimulant cérébral, inhibition de la MAO-B Scoglio S, Benedetti Y, Benvenuti F, Battistelli S, Canestrari F, Benedetti S. Selective monoamine oxidase B inhibition by an Aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract and by its constitutive active principles phycocyanin and mycosporine-like amino acids. Phytomedicine. 2014 Jun 15;21(7):992-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.006. PMID 24690316
* Protection hépatorénale Liu Q, Huang Y, Zhang R, Cai T, Cai Y. Medical Application of Spirulina platensis Derived C-Phycocyanin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:7803846. doi: 10.1155/2016/7803846. PMID 27293463 
* Prévention des calculs d’oxalate de calcium, en raison de propriétés anti-urolithiasiques antioxydantes et protectrices du tissu rénal (néphroprotecteur) Farooq SM, Asokan D, Kalaiselvi P, Sakthivel R, Varalakshmi P. Prophylactic role of phycocyanin: a study of oxalate mediated renal cell injury. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Aug 10;149(1):1-7. PMID 15294440
* Antitumoral, inducteur d’apoptose sur différentes lignées de cellules cancéreuses Subhashini J, Mahipal SV, Reddy MC, Mallikarjuna Reddy M, Rachamallu A, Reddanna P. Molecular mechanisms in C-Phycocyanin induced apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line-K562. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 1; 68(3):453-62. PMID 15242812, Li B, Gao MH, Zhang XC, Chu XM. Molecular immune mechanism of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis induces apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2006 Mar; 43(Pt 3):155-64. PMID 16316316, Reddy MC, Subhashini J, Mahipal SV, Bhat VB, Srinivas Reddy P, Kiranmai G, Madyastha KM, Reddanna P. C-Phycocyanin, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 May 2; 304(2):385-92. PMID 12711327
* La spiruline et la phycocyanine peuvent avoir des effets thérapeutiques potentiels sur l’amélioration des fonctions immunitaires affaiblies, notamment par l’utilisation de médicaments anticancéreux Hayashi, Osamu & Ono, Shoji & Ishii, Kyoko & Shi, YanHai & Hirahashi, Tomohiro & Katoh, Toshimitsu. (2006). Enhancement of proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow hematopoietic cells by Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis in mice. Journal of Applied Phycology. 18. 47-56. 10.1007/s10811-005-9014-6.
==Effet thérapeutique==
* Intérêt potentiel dans les maladies neurodégénératives (Alzheimer, Parkinson) et le cancer
* Affaiblissement, convalescences
* Anémies
* Accompagnement des chimiothérapies anticancéreuses
* Lithiases urinaires
==Effets indésirables==
* Non retrouvés 
==Bibliographie==
* José O. Valderrama, Michel Perrut, Wieslaw Majewski. Extraction of Astaxantine and Phycocyanine from Microalgae with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2003, 48 (4), pp 827–830DOI: 10.1021/je020128r
* Girardin-Andréani, C. Spiruline: système sanguin, système immunitaire et cancer. Phytotherapy (2005) 3: 158. doi:10.1007/s10298-005-0095-9
Catégorie:principes actifs