nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Acceleration Rate

== Acceleration and Deceleration ==
This feature allows the user to adjust how rapidly the vehicle responds to speed change instructions. A value of zero in these CVs results in instantaneous response to throttle changes. Increasing the value in the CV slows the response. The multifunction decoder software may impose limits on how large a value can be used with these CVs. 
The responsiveness can be adjusted, and is dependent on the speed step mode in use. Setting CV3 to a high value can give the impression that the multifunction decoder is not working, as it will take a long time for the vehicle to begin moving. The same is true for CV4, which impacts deceleration.
 If the speed table is enabled by CV29, CVs 2, 5 & 6 are ignored.
=== CV 3 and 4 ===
 Multifunction Decoders intended for the European market use a different multiplier value. 
The contents of these CVs are multiplied by 0.896 then divided by the number of speed steps to determine the rate of acceleration or braking. A value of zero disables the feature.
Example: Using the 128 speed step mode, a value of 2 in CV3 the acceleration rate equals: 
* 2 × 0.896 = 1.792
* 1.792 ÷ 128 = 0.014 Seconds
The acceleration rate is 14mS per step. 
At this rate, the vehicle will take 1.8 seconds to reach its top speed (128 steps, or 100%). 
Using 28 speed steps:
* 2 × 0.896 = 1.792
* 1.792 ÷ 28 = 0.064 Seconds per step.
Increasing the value in CV3 to 100 will result in the vehicle reaching its top speed in 90 seconds 
* (0.896 × 100 ÷ 128) × 128.
* Simplified, this is 0.896 × 100 or 89.6 seconds.
The same is true for CV4.
</I> Putting a large value, such as 256, in the CV results in a long acceleration time, in the order of minutes to reach 100%. Avoid large numbers as gives the illusion the decoder is defective.
==== Optional Acceleration and Deceleration Adjustment CVs ====
 Acceleration Adjustment and Deceleration Adjustment are optional features defined in the NMRA DCC Standard for Configuration Variables. They are defined with CVs 23 and 24. 
The intended purpose of the adjustment CVs is to make changes to the momentum to simulate the train's load and length, usually when consisted with other locomotives.
===== Acceleration Adjustment (CV 23) =====
This CV contains additional acceleration rate data that is added to or subtracted from the value contained in CV 3. It is determined by (Value in CV 23) × 0.896 ÷ number of speed steps in use.
This value is a 7 bit number (0-6) with the seventh bit reserved for the sign of the value.
Along with CV 24, CV 23 is used to fine tune the momentum features set in CVs 3 and 4. These come into play when multiple unit consists are assembled. 
===== Deceleration / Braking (CV 24) =====
It is the same as CV 23, except CV 4 is acted on.
=== European Exception ===
</I> Decoders manufactured by European companies for sale in Europe use a different multiplier for calculating the acceleration rates.
=== Further Reading ===
Refer to the page on Configuration Variables and MU Consisting for more information on CVs and how these features are used.
* S-9.22 Decoder CVs
Category:CV
Category:Multifunction Decoder Features
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Adjusting Voltage Output, Lenz Power Station

Voltage Output Adjustment, Lenz	Voltage Output Adjustment, Lenz
UA (Volts) 	CV7
11 	22
11.5 	23
12 	24
12.5 	25
13 	26
13.5 	27
14 	28
14.5 	29
15 	30
15.5 	31
16 	32
16.5 	33
17 	34
17.5 	35
18 	36
18.5 	37
19 	38
19.5 	39
20 	40
20.5 	41
21 	42
21.5 	43
22 	44
Alias

An Alias or Alias Roster is a technique used by Digitrax to manage multifunction decoder addresses.
Aliasing allowed users to assign an Extended Address to early supporting only a Primary Address. The DT100 and later throttles displayed an aliased address, using the Expanded Address Mode, while the DT400 and newer throttles do not support this feature.
Option Switch #25 in the DCS100 controlled this mode. It created and maintained a database mapping a Extended to a Primary Address, preserving it even when power was off.
Aliasing also supported and Marklin Trinary/AC decoders.
This feature is obsolete but included for historical reference.
===Summary===
* Alias Functionality: Allowed assigning Extended Addresses to early multifunction decoders that only supported Primary Addresses.
* Alias Management: Controlled using Option Switch #25 in the DCS100 Command Station, which maintained a database matching 4-digit addresses to 2-digit addresses.
* Alias Support: Supported Address 00 and Marklin Trinary/Marklin AC decoders.
== Further Reading ==
* DT100 Throttle Manual 
* Super Chief Manual 
Category:Digitrax
Ammeter

Ammeter: Note the spelling.
An ammeter is a device used to measure current flow in a circuit. Required to determine the current draw of a locomotive prior to installing a decoder.
An ammeter is installed in series with the load. (A voltmeter is installed in parallel). One application is to install one between the power supply and a booster to measure current demanded by the layout. 
== See Also ==
* Digital Multimeter
* NCE Power Cab Ammeter
Animation

Category:Automation
Animation is the process of giving your model railroad artificial life through movement or sounds beyond the train itself. Examples include moving people, lights that go on/off, background sounds, moving equipment or vehicles, etc. Animation can be very simple or quite elaborate involving a series of related movements. For example, there are indoor layouts where a simulated fire gets triggered in a house and minutes later a firetruck arrives and the fire then dissipates. 
Animation has existed on model railroads for many years, but it is a little easier with DCC. There are components that allow for detection of events such as a passing train. These same components can then send electrical signals which can be used directly by your animation device to trigger some movement, sound or light effect. With DCC it is also easier to trigger multiple effects using the same trigger event.
Examples would include crossing gates at a grade crossing, moving semaphores on signal towers and other small details triggered by the passage of a train. Other applications would include the use of a braking district to automatically stop a train when a signal is red, such as when a bridge is raised, a turnout is not aligned correctly or another train triggered the event.
Other aminations would include background details, such as vehicles moving on a road, traffic lights and animated signage. 
It is possible to add too much animation to the point where it distracts from the trains. The layout will take on a toy like atmosphere as a result, invoking images of Lionel trains and their animated accessories.
Many possibilities are offered by the use of microcontrollers such as the Arduino to control motors and lighting to create a visual effect.
== Animation ==
Athearn

== Irvin Russell Athearn, 1904-1991 ==
In the early 1940s Irv Athearn began to accumulate O Scale rolling stock and equipment. He planned to build coin operated railroads that could entertain up to 25 young engineers at a time. The scale of the project and wartime shortages interrupted his plan so he placed an ad in Model Railroader to liquidate the inventory he had. He received a lot of interest. In addition to the O scale inventory, he had purchased a number of tools, including a press, lathe and silk-screening equipment, which gave him the opportunity to not only ship in stock items but create new merchandise too. Using salvaged materials and making substitutions as needed, his part time garage operation was able to operate despite wartime restrictions. With the end World War 2, Athearn was ready to compete with established model manufacturers such as Varney and Mantua.
Athearn's largest contribution to model railroading was his support of HO Scale models. After the war he began to offer HO scale models of his O scale products, and over time HO superseded O in his product catalog. Athearn's first HO locomotive kits were F7A and F7B units, both unpowered dummy units. They were designed to be used with other manufacturer's powered chassis. That changed later when small manufacturers would begin selling kits designed for use with an Athearn chassis. Eventually a power truck would appear, a variety of road names and the familiar blue box.
The success of the Globe F7 caused Athearn to tool up a complete series of HO scale rolling stock for both freight and passenger service. He also introduced a coupler pocket that could accept a number of coupler brands, as there were no de facto standards for HO couplers at the time. 
By the end of the 1950s Athearn would have five manufacturing facilities, selling and shipping trainsets by the boxcar. Early Lionel HO sets were made by Athearn, as were many others. Many competitors would state they could compete with Irv if only he would raise his prices.
When Irv Athearn passed away, his wife assumed control of the business. In time the family would decide to sell, and Horizon Hobby purchased Athearn Inc.
==Description==
Athearn is a model railroad manufacturer. with facilities located in China.
== Phone Tree Shortcuts==
Short cut phone number extensions:
* Parts: ext. 122
* Technical Support: ext. 123
Auto Shuffle Train

Auto Shuffle Train/Signal Speed Control, is where a system can tell a train what to do automatically, without any input from the user. For instance if a signal is red, the system might tell any loco approaching that signal to slow down and stop, then when the signal turns green the system will tell that loco to gradually accelerate until it reaches it's original speed setting. Or it could tell that a train that has reached the end of a branch line to stop, wait a few minutes then accelerate back in the opposite direction.
An auto stopping module is basically an integrated command station and booster which is connected to its own block. It basically generates a generic DCC packet with the "Stop" command, so any decoder in that block will be affected regardless of the decoder's address.
Also See: Asymmetric DCC for a similar implementation.
Category:Trackwork
Category:Wiring
Category:Electrical
Automation

Automation is defined as "the use or introduction of automatic equipment in a manufacturing or other process or facility", a contraction of the words automatic and action. 
On a model railroad the term applies to actions that occur without the intervention of the operator, such as signals, crossing gates, turnouts aligning for a defined route and other tasks. In some cases, even the movement of trains can be controlled without an operator.
Examples include a train which moves between stations without an operator. The train could leave one terminal and arrive at another, then reverse and return to the starting point. It is also possible that the train will stop at points between the two terminals.
;Stations are defined as points on the railroad where trains can pass through them on their way to destinations further down the line. A terminal is a point where the train cannot go further, it must reverse its direction to continue. 
== Implementation ==
=== DCC ===
A number of devices and methods to implement automation are available for Digital Command Control. Asymmetric DCC, Automatic Brake Control, HLU and Braking Districts are available options. More sophisticated options include basic command stations which can issue instructions to specific addresses.
* Asymmetric DCC requires additional hardware and compatible multifunction decoders
* Automatic Brake Control is a subset which includes Asymmetric DCC, HLU, and brake on DC voltage
* HLU is a system offered by ZIMO
* Braking Districts can be created using a dedicated booster
=== Automation Devices ===
DCC based devices are available to enable various levels of automation. They can be purely hardware based, or a combination of hardware and software running on a computer. RailCom can be used with a computer or compatible command station to implement some form of automation.
==== Train Shuttle ====
These devices can instruct the train to reverse direction, allowing it to run autonomously between two points. More sophisticated versions can control specific addresses, allowing trains to pass, stop or return to their original start point. They will need some form of detection to determine the presence of a train, using either occupancy detectors or optical sensors.
=== Products ===
Automation/Automation Products

A number of companies offer products to implement various levels of automation on a layout.
== Manufacturers ==
Feel free to improve this page by adding more products and links
=== Iowa Scaled Engineering ===
In addition to the ProtoThrottle, ISE also offers
* Motorman automatic reversing train shuttle controller for both DC and DCC 
* TrainSpotter optical detectors
== Manufacturer Links ==
* Iowa Scaled Engineering
BA-100

== Description ==
The BA-100 Booster Adapter can connect DCC boosters and command stations from different manufacturers together.
Connections
* LCC CAN Bus
*NCE Control Bus
* Digitrax L.Net-B
* Lenz CD
It can be used in the following situations:
* Connecting a TCS CS-105 to 
** NCE Booster(s)
** Digitrax Booster(s)
** Lenz Booster(s)
* Connecting Command Stations and Boosters from different manufacturers: 
** Digitrax command station to NCE Boosters
** NCE command station to Digitrax Boosters
** NCE command station to TCS Boosters
And more
BD20

== Details ==
* Detects DCC track current drawn through a single track feeder. 
** Suitable for DCC track power up to 20 Amps.
** Isolated, no direct electrical connection to the track. 
* Needs no external power for most operations. 
* Can be connected to the NCE AIU01 or Mini Panel. 
* Can control a LED or relay when used with external DC power (5-12 Volts).
BD4N

== Description ==
The BD4N is simple to install, plug in and begin using on your layout.
== Features ==
* Support detection in 4 blocks.
* Handles up to 8 amps of current.
* On-board status leds for stand-alone occupancy and track power indication, expandable for optional LT5 or fascia mounted occupancy indicator leds.
* Plug and Play connections to simplify setup. Can cascade Booster wires.
* Isolated Occupancy output signal lines can drive most common signal system or control interfaces.
* Compatible with DS64 and SE8 modules for signaling, control and reporting occupancy onto LocoNet.
BDL162

==Features ==
* Occupancy Detection for 16 detection sections
* Outputs for LEDs to indicate detection on a panel mount display
* Three amp capacity per detection section
* Connects to LocoNet to transmit occupancy information to other devices
* Detects any powered locomotive
* Detects un-powered rolling stock equipped with resistor wheel sets
* Plug and play with Digitrax DCC
* Configurable with most DCC systems
* Automatically checks layout status
* Supports Digitrax Transponding with the addition of an RX4
BDL168

== Features ==
* Occupancy detection for 16 sections
* Outputs for LEDs to indicate local detection section occupancy and zone power status on a panel mount display
* 3 Amp capacity per detection section
* Transits Occupancy information over LocoNet
* Supports SuperSonic decoder operations
* Detects any powered locomotive
* Detects any un-powered rolling stock equipped with resistor wheel sets
* Plug 'N Play with Digitrax DCC
* Configurable with most other DCC systems
* Automatically checks layout status when used in conjunction with a computer
* Improved Rail Sync Sampling for reliable operation
* Transponding with the addition of one or two RX4 allows for 8 transponding sections
* Transponding decoders are detected by the RX4s and the information is fed back to LocoNet
* Transponding allows you to read back CV values of decoders equipped with transponders
BDL716

==Description==
16 Detection/Signalling sections, similar to BDL168, for DCC occupancy detection.
* All plug-in connectors for simple and easy installation and service.
* User defined as 16 DS reporting addresses in 1 to 2000+ DS range.
* Easy setup with device Option Switches (OPSW)
* Powered by 2mm DC jack, 8V min to 22V max.
* Configured to operate with DCC booster power from; DCS52, DCS100, DCS210, DCS210+, DCS240, DCS240+ Command Stations, DB210 and DB220 boosters.
* Can split into two 8-DS areas to operate from two separate boosters.
* Optional Detection and Power status led connector for remote state indication, compatible with e.g. LT5C.
BLI

==Description==
BLI offered the first locomotives with sound onboard in 2002.
In 2007 the company added their "Blueline" product line. The Blueline HO-scale train models offer digital sound systems but lack the DCC decoder. DCC can be added later by installing a decoder module.
BLI offers a number of products with several product lines.
Some of their products featured from QSI. Today, they use their proprietary Paragon multifunction decoders.
BLI-1020

The Broadway Limited Imports (BLI) Address Changer is a small, handheld device that allows one to easily set or change the address of a decoder. It also allows you to easily reset any decoder.
It has an 8 pin socket which can be used to connect a decoder, or a pair of binding posts that you can use to connect a programming track to. Once connected you can read the address, or change it to a new address with the press of a button. It is similar in concept to a decoder tester but with limited features.
== Features ==
* Simple programming of a DCC Address.
* Standalone design, requires no DCC System
* Eight pin NMRA decoder socket for use with aftermarket decoders
* Program track output for on board DCC decoders
* Program, read & reset DCC decoders and on-board DCC decoders individually or simultaneously
* Works with all NMRA compliant decoders & locomotives in HO, N and Z scales
* Power supply included
* Use any piece of track as a program track
=== Related Topics ===
* Multifunction Decoder
* Decoder Tester
* Locomotive Interface
* Programming
== Further Reading ==
* Broadway Limited Imports DCC Address Changer at Railroad Model Craftsman
BXP88

== Details ==
* Occupancy Detection: up to 8 Detection Sections 
** Three Amp capacity per Detection Section, total unit capacity: 8A.
* One Transponding Zone per Detection Section 
* Intelligent Automatic short-circuit and over-current power management for each Detection Section, improves reliability by avoiding most booster shutdowns.
* LocoNet communications for occupancy, transponding and track power information.
** Automatically updates status at track power on.
** Firmware update capability via IPL over LocoNet.
* Detects a powered locomotives in a detection section.
** Identify specific rolling stock with Digitrax transponder-equipped locos and rolling stock.
** Operations Mode Read Back of CV values with decoders equipped with transponders
* Detects rolling stock equipped with resistor wheel sets.
* Plug and Play with Digitrax DCC systems with 
** Automatic RailSync polarity detection.
* LED output headers for front panel indication of Detection Section occupancy, Transponding, and power status.
This device disables in Digitrax command stations.
BXPA1

== BXPA1 ==
* LocoNet device 
* Auto Reverser
* One reversing Section or sub-district 
* Detection for one auto-reversing section
* Transponding 
* Power Management
* LED indicators
Additional connections:
* Outputs for opt-isolated occupancy detector output
* Manual power control
* Status indication
The BXPA1 is only compatible for use with Direct Home Layout wiring. Zero Stretching should be disabled
Bachmann

==Description==
Bachmann was founded in 1833, but didn't get into trains until after World War Two. Bachmann is a brand name of Kader Industries of Hong Kong, China. Kader bought Bachmann in 1981.
Kader was formed in 1948, and began manufacturing products for Bachmann in 1969. Kader also owns Williams Trains, Lilliput and Graham Farnish. Kader offers N, HO, O and Large Scale trains. Kader also took over Sanda Kan from JP Morgan in 2008, a major contract manufacturer of model railroad equipment. Sanda Kan owned the K-Line brand of O scale trains, which they licenced to Lionel.
Sanda Kan drastically scaled back their activities as an OEM in 2010, leaving many well known brands scrambling to find new suppliers.
Bachmann sells other manufacturers' DCC products under its EZ-Command brand.
==Contact==
===USA===
In USA, For Service Inquiries Telephone: 800-356-3910 (toll free; US and Canada residents only.)
===Europe===	
Bachmann Industries Europe, Ltd.
Moat Way, Barwell
Leicestershire
LE9 8EY, U.K.
Telephone: 44-1455-8417565
Fax: 44-1455-841787
Website: www.bachmann.co.uk
Bachmann Industries Europe, Ltd.
Niederlassung Deutschland
Am Umspannwerk 5
D-90518 Altdorf Bei N�rnberg
Germany
Telephone: 49-9187-9722-0
Fax: 49-9187-9722-22
Website: www.liliput.de
===China===	
Bachmann China Ltd.
Website: www.bachmannchina.com.cn
Bachrus

==Description==
The owner of Bachrus has retired. The business has closed. As of July 2018, there is no information on whether or not the business will be sold.
Former manufacturer of a speedometer. Useful for speed matching, also supplies version which works with JMRI. Also manufactures saddles (stands) for servicing/breaking in locomotives.
Wayback Machine archive of website
Of particular note was the Bachrus Speedometer, which was available as a standalone device with a self-contained console, or a DecoderPro version which connects to JMRI. The locomotive is placed on saddles which support the drive wheels, one of which is the speedometer device. 
The Saddles can also be used for breaking in a new locomotive or troubleshooting. This is a useful device for speed matching and making adjustments while the powertrain is in motion.
Bachrus also manufactured a wheel cleaning system.