nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Permal

Permal is a global asset management group that offers investment services through established funds and customized portfolios.
Established in 1973, Permal has offices in nine international financial centers and more than 200 employees, as well as networks of managers and relationships around the globe. 
== History ==
Established almost four decades ago in 1973, Permal was part of the Worms & Cie Group, a family-owned firm of French origin founded in 1848. In 2005, Permal was acquired by Legg Mason and now operates as a subsidiary of the one of world’s largest asset management firms. 
== Products ==
Permal offers a range of multi-manager, multi-strategy funds to meet risk and return objectives. Assets are allocated to experienced investment managers. Permal reallocates among managers and strategies based on an ongoing assessment of global market conditions. Many investments are made through separately managed accounts. 
== Awards ==
In 2011, Permal won the ‘Best Performing Specialist Fund of Hedge Funds Over 10 Years’ award at the Hedge Funds Review European Fund of Hedge Funds Awards and in 2012 also won the ‘Best Specialist Fund of Hedge Funds Over 10 Years’ at the Hedge Funds Review Americas Awards. 
== International Offices ==
Permal Group operates through nine international offices in Boston, New York, Nassau (Bahamas), London, Paris, Dubai, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. 
== Key People ==
*Isaac R. Souede, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Strategist, Permal Group
*Omar Kodmani, President, Permal Group
*James R. Hodge, President and Chairman of the Investment Committee, Permal Asset Management Inc
*Robert Kaplan, Chief Investment Officer, Executive Vice President, Permal Asset Management Inc.
== References ==
Pershing LLC

Pershing LLC, a subsidiary of Bank of New York Mellon, provides financial business solutions to more than 1,150 institutional and retail financial organizations, which represents about 5 million active investors. Pershing is a member of every major U.S. securities exchange and its international affiliates are members of the Deutsche Boerse, Irish Stock Exchange, and London Stock Exchange. 
Pershing, which had $786.5 billion in assets under management as of December 2008, provides brokerage execution services as well as clearing, data processing and investment products. Its parent company Bank of New York Mellon has $20.2 trillion in assets under custody and administration in January 2009, $928 billion in assets under management and services more than $11 trillion in outstanding debt.
== Brief background ==
Pershing LLC, which was purchased by Bank of New York in 2003 from Credit Suisse First Boston for $2 billion, clears and executes transactions in listed and OTC equities, mutual funds and bonds and also offers cash management and managed funds to the securities industry. Pershing focuses its services solely on institutions and advisors; it does no retail-securities business and does not trade on its own account. 
Pershing has 19 offices around the world. Its U.S. securities-processing operations broke down for part of September 19, 2008 under heavy trading volume, forcing brokers and investors to execute transactions by telephone or fax. That report referred to Pershing LLC as "the biggest clearing firm for broker-dealers" in the U.S. market.
== Latest News ==
In January 2009, Pershing published a white paper that found managing counterparty risk is a much more critical component of a hedge fund's overall business than it had been in prior years. 
In November 2008, Pershing began allowing the clients of its customers of introducing broker-dealers and registered advisors to invest in large-denomination FDIC-insured certificates of deposits spread across a network of offerers through its Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS). CDARS also offers investors up to $50 million in FDIC insurance "per separately insurable entity."
 
== References ==
Category:Clearing Firms
Category:Equity Clearing
Category:Clearing
Category:Bank of New York
Petal Walker

__NOTOC__ 
Petal Walker is an attorney with the law firm WilmerHale, serving as special counsel with a focus on financial market infrastructures (FMIs), banks and intermediaries, as well as in the digital space. She advises companies on futures and swaps compliance and regulation, and she works closely with attorneys in banking, corporate and energy to deliver legal advice to clients.
Walker currently serves as a member of the board of Women in Financial Markets, formerly Women in Derivatives.
== Background ==
Walker rejoined WilmerHale in 2017 after serving as chief counsel for Commissioner Sharon Bowen at the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), where she advised on policy and enforcement issues and served on the CFTC Market Risk Advisory Committee.
== Education ==
Walker possesses dual doctorate degrees, one in law and the other in education, both obtained from Harvard University. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Yale University.
== Video==
== References ==	
Category:Women in Financial Markets Board
Category:CFTC - Former Employees
Pete Najarian

__NOTOC__ 
Pete Najarian is a professional investor, trader, former professional football player, exchange member, CNBC personality, television market analyst and co-founder of Najarian Advisors, a financial managment firm. He is a contributor on CNBC television's Fast Money show. He also contributes to CBOE-TV, the exchange's popular webcast.
== Background ==
Najarian grew up in Minnesota, and is the son of the famous transplant surgeon John Najarian, and one of four brothers. Najarian, who looks very similar to his brother Jon, is a former professional football player whose career included several seasons with the NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Minnesota Vikings.
After his football career concluded, Najarian took up options trading in 1992, joining his brother, Jon ‘DRJ’ Najarian, at Mercury Trading, a market-making firm at the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). Two years later he assumed responsibility for Mercury's risk and arbitrage and later led its entry onto the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). 
He also led Mercury's joint venture with M.J. Meehan, the third largest specialist firm on the NYSE. From 2000 to 2004, Najarian served as president of Mercury, and helped execute its sale to Citadel, one of the world's largest hedge funds. During this period, Najarian chaired the exemption committee of the CBOE for three years and served as a floor official for eight terms. 
Along with his brother, Jon Najarian, he founded an online brokerage called tradeMONSTER and optionMONSTER, a provider of market intelligence, commentary, and trading strategies for stock and option traders in October 2005. tradeMONSTER, an online options broker, was purchased by General Atlantic in June 2014 and then simultaneously merged with OptionsHouse. The firm 
He was a founding member of OneChicago, an electronic exchange trading futures on individual stocks, narrow-based indexes, and ETFs. He is the co-founder of Hedgehog stock, options, and futures trading platform and together with brother Jon, co-developed the Heat Seeker™ and complementary programs for tracking unusual buying activity in stocks, options, and futures.
== Education ==
Najarian graduated cum laude from the University of Minnesota with a degree in genetic engineering. 
== References ==	
Category:optionMONSTER
Category:TRADEmonster
Category:OneChicago
Category:CBOE Members
Category:CNBC Television Personalities
Peter Ackerman

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Ackerman is the managing director of Rockport Capital Inc., a private investment firm. He is based in Washington, DC. He is a member of the board of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Ackerman sits on the boards of Tufts University, CARE, and Freedom House and is a member of the U.S. Advisory Council of the United States Institute of Peace, and the Business Advisory Council of the United States Olympic Committee.
He is the founding chair of the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict. He was the Executive Producer of the Peabody-award winning documentary, Bringing Down a Dictator, which chronicled the fall of Slobodan Milosevic in Serbia. He was the Special Content Advisor for the Emmy-nominated series, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, co-author of the companion book of the same name, as well as co-author of an earlier book entitled, Strategic Nonviolent Conflict. He is also on the Executive Council of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London.
== Education ==
Ackerman holds a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, where he is the chairman of the Board of Overseers.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Private Equity
Peter Anthony DeFazio

__NOTOC__ 
Rep. Peter Anthony DeFazio, D-Ore., introduced the idea of "Let Wall Street Pay for Wall Street's Bailout Act of 2009" in February. The measure would tax securities transfers, including stocks, options and futures. It does not specifically set a tax rate, calling on the Treasury secretary to do that. But it suggests 0.25 percent would do. The bill had seven co-sponsors, all Democrats. 
On the House floor in February, DeFazio cited "obscene executive compensation" as a problem with original TARP legislation. 
As of early 2009, he characterized his key issues as: 
*Fighting for taxpayers, fixing the economy;
*Bringing an end to the war in Iraq and 
*Ensuring a sustainable energy future. 
== Background ==
He worked as an aide to United States Representative James H. Weaver of Oregon from 1977-1982; Lane County, Oreg., commissioner, 1983-1986, and chairman, 1985-1986. He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate in a special primary election in 1995 and was elected as a Democrat to the One Hundredth and to the 11 succeeding Congresses Jan. 3, 1987 to the present. 
== Education ==
DeFazio received a B.A. from Tufts University in Medford, Mass. in 1969; He received an M.S. from the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oreg. in 1977. 
== References ==
Category:U.S. Congressmen
Peter Armstrong

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Armstrong is the managing director of options for NYSE Arca.
 
== Background ==
Prior to joining NYSE Group in late 2006, Peter consulted with Archipelago on the development of their new electronic platform for options.
Armstrong began with the Pacific Stock Exchange in 1980, and has been involved in various aspects of exchange operations and management throughout his 27-year career. Among his chief accomplishments were management roles in the development of trading platforms for both equities and options, and the creation of rule sets to support innovative market structures.
Armstrong has been a representative on a variety of national market system committees for both equities and options lines of business.
== Education ==
University of California, Santa Barbara BS, Business Economics 
1973 – 1979 
== Resources ==
LinkedIn Profile
== References ==
Category:NYSE
Category:NYSE
Peter Barrowcliff

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Barrowcliff is global head of metals for Newedge. He works with the company's metals leadership team to expand the firm's platform and customer base. He was previously global chief operating officer for metals.
== Background ==
Barrowcliff has more than 35 years of industry experience, including senior positions at Nomura in Hong Kong and Lehman Brothers in London. He joined Newedge in July 2012. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Newedge
Category:Newedge
Peter Barsoom

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Barsoom is the formerchief operating officer of ICE Clear Credit, a division of the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). He has held that position from April 2010 until leaving the firm in August 2014. 
He also served as president of ICE Swap Trade, the firm's swap execution facility, from January to August 2014. 
In October 2014, Barsoom was named to the advisory board of Clarus Financial Technology, a software and service platform for the derivatives market. 
== Background ==
During his four years at ICE, Barsoom, helped the company develop futures contracts on credit-default swaps and build the company’s swap execution facility, ICE Swap Trade LLC, one of the venues mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act to increase transparency and competition in derivatives markets. 
Before joining ICE in 2010, Barsoom served as deputy chief operating officer at Blue Mountain Capital Management. 
Before that, he was executive director at Morgan Stanley from June 2006 – April 2008 and, from 2003-2006 he served as director of consumer banking at Merrill Lynch.
== Education ==
Barsoom was a PHD candidate in Politics at Princeton University from Sept. 1992 to May 1997. In 1992, he received a BA in International Relations from Colgate University.
== References ==	
Category:Morgan Stanley - Former Employees
Category:Merrill Lynch - Former Employees
Peter Bergson

Peter Bergson is general counsel and secretary at Bisnode, a Stockholm-based consulting firm and part of Dun & Bradstreet's worldwide network. He joined the firm in July 2012 after serving for five years as general counsel of Orc Group.
== Background ==
Bergson joined Orc in 2007 and served as secretary and general counsel. Before that he worked for 10 years as a legal director for Sun Microsystems.
== Education ==
Bergson has a Degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.). from Uppsala University.
== References ==	
Category:Orc Software
Category:Orc Group
Peter Best

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Best is a financial services executive who is the chief operating officer at Clear Token.
He has previously served as the chief operating officer of ICAP SEF, ICAP's swap execution facility, as well as COO of ICAP global derivatives and a member of the broker’s group operating committee, global broking executive group and its global broking operations group. He left the company in December of 2015.
He was also a non-executive director of the Wholesale Market Brokers' Association.
== Background ==
Best joined Garban-Intercapital as an interest rate swaps broker in 1994, before that firm became ICAP in 2001. He spent almost twenty years with ICAP in a number of roles including the broker’s group head of market development. He also worked at NYSE Euronext for three years as head of product development in fixed income before returning to ICAP in 2011.
== Education ==
He was educated at King's College London, U. of London and Freie Universität Berlin.
== References ==	
Category:NYSE Euronext - Former Employees
Peter Bottini

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Bottini is the executive vice president of customer service at optionsXpress, a position he has held since joining the company in August 2002. He currently serves on the board of the International Securities Exchange and on the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Options Committee.
His team of eighty-five employees is responsible for all option, equity, fixed income, and mutual fund trade executions and reviews, block executions, auto-trade, customer service, institutional sales, routing, and order management. He was a customer of optionsXpress before joining the firm in July of 2002. 
== Background ==
Bottini was a market maker on the floor of the CBOE from 1993 to 2001. He was with Botta Trading from 1993 to 1998 and served as
a director from 1996 to 1998. 
He was an independent market maker from 1999 until March 2001, when he joined GBAR to run their DPM, which finished 2001 as one of the top volume pits at the CBOE. He has served on various industry committees including Market Performance, New Product, Nominating, and Member Firm at the CBOE, as well as chairman of the ISE Allocation Committee. He currently serves on the ISE Board of Directors. 
== Education ==
Bottini graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1991.
== References ==
category:Bios - Executives
Category:ISE Board Member
Peter C. Clapman

__NOTOC__ 
Peter C. Clapman is president and chief executive officer of Governance for Owners USA. He is active in many organizations that specialize in corporate governance in the United States and globally. He currently serves as chairman of the Investor Responsibility Research Center and he serves as a member of the Committee on Capital Markets Regulation. 
== Background ==
Clapman served as chief counsel for TIAA-CREF for 32 years. He was responsible for managing the legal services in support of TIAA-CREF domestic and international investments. 
== Education ==
Clapman is a graduate of Princeton University. He earned his J.D. from Harvard Law School. He is a member of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York. 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Committee On Capital Markets Regulation Members
Peter C. Lee

__NOTOC__ 
Peter C. Lee is a veteran financial services and exchange executives. Previously, he was chief operating officer of Nadex. 
== Background ==
Lee began his industry career on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade. He traded equity options on the CBOE, and spent 20 years with Merrill Lynch, ultimately serving as co-chairman and president of Merrill Lynch Futures.
Lee has served as consultant/CEO for Merchant's Exchange and a consultant for the CBOE. He has served on several industry boards and committees, including CFTC advisory committees , FIA Committees, the board of BrokerTec and the board and executive committees of the CBOT.
== Education ==
Lee holds a B.S. in Business Administration from Menlo College.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Nadex
Category:CBOT - Former Member
Category:Merrill Lynch - Former Employees
Category:Merchants Exchange - Former Employees
Category:Former Exchange CEOs
Peter Clarke

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Clarke was the CEO and company secretary of Man Group plc. He was also the chairman of Man Investments. Before being named CEO in September 2007, Clarke served as the finance director of Man Group. Clarke retired from the CEO position in February 2013 and was succeeded by Emmanuel Roman. 
== Background ==
Clarke was deputy group CEO of Man Group from November 2005 until he was named group CEO. He was named to the Man Group board in 1997 and became the finance director in May of 2000.
He joined Man in 1993 after stints in investment banking industry at firms including Morgan Grenfell and Citicorp. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Man Group
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Hedge Fund Executives
Peter Clifford

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Clifford is manager in the risk policy group of the Board of Governors of the U.S Federal Reserve.
He was also recently a consultant to the World Bank.
Previously, he was the deputy secretary general at the World Federation of Exchanges. A native of Boston, Clifford is also a citizen of the Republic of Ireland.
 
== Background ==
Before joining the World Federation of Exchanges, Clifford was head of international market development for NYSE Euronext from 1995 to 2000. From 1993 to 1994, Clifford was a swaps broker, brokering long term interest rate swaps for an interdealer-broker.
From 1985 to 1992, he was a development manager for Dow Jones. Additionally, Clifford served as a transfer agent for Boston Financial Data Services from 1982 to 1985.
== Education ==
Clifford holds a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Kent. He also attended Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:World Federation of Exchanges - Former Employees
Category:World Bank
Category:Consultants
Peter Conroy

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Conroy is the president of Trayport Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of TMX Group Limited (TMX Group). He joined TMX Group in 2004 and has served in leadership roles across the company, including as president of Shorcan Brokers Limited, TMX Group's fixed income inter-dealer broker, from 2008 to 2018. Earlier, he served as director of business development, futures market at the Montreal Exchange and as a senior manager in equities trading at TSX.
He has served on the board of Natural Gas Exchange (NGX) and on the board of directors of The SandBox Project, a Canadian national charity focused on the health of Canadian children and youth. He currently serves on the board of the Canada-UK Chamber of Commerce.
== Background ==
Before joining TMX Group, Conroy held senior positions at a number of software and financial services providers, and was a founder of Canada's first registered Alternative Trading System (ATS), CollectiveBid Systems/CBID Markets Inc.
== Education ==
== References ==
Peter Curley

__NOTOC__ 
Peter Curley is currently senior advisor for financial markets policy with Coinbase located in Washington, D.C., a role he assumed in April 2024.
== Background ==
Curley is the former associate director for clearance and settlement for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)'s division of trading and markets.
Curley joined the SEC in August 2010 as an attorney fellow in the same division. Prior to that, he was the executive vice president of corporate strategy at Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. Curley was also the senior vice president of IPO regulation there from 2003 to 2008.
Early in his career, he was a partner at the international law firm Allen & Overy for three years.
== Education ==
*MBA, Sloan Fellow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Sloan School of Management (2007 – 2008)
*JD, University of Virginia School of Law (1988 – 1991)
*BA, International Relations, Colgate University (1983 – 1987)
== References ==	
Category:SEC
Category:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission - Former Employees
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Lawyers
Category:Allen & Overy - Former Employees
Category:HKEX - Former Employees
Peter F. Karpen

Peter Karpen is managing director and head of hedge fund strategies at Samoset Capital Group. He was also director of business development for Martello Investment Management, a specialist investment firm concentrating on alternative investment managers that employ tactical trading strategies in the global currency, fixed income, commodity and equity markets. He is a former chairman of the Futures Industry Association and has been involved in the futures and options business throughout his career.
In 2006, Karpen was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community. 
== Biography ==
Karpen was chairman of the Futures Industry Association in 1994 and 1995. He succeeded Cargill executive Hal Hansen as FIA Chairman. At the time he was director of futures and options at Credit Suisse First Boston. While he was FIA Chairman, he was deeply involved in the international response to the Barings crisis and brought together a task force of more than 60 participants from 17 jurisdictions to draft a comprehensive set of recommendations for end-users, intermediaries, exchanges and clearinghouses. 
He later joined John W. Henry & Co. as a managing director. He was also chief investment officer of Diversified Investment Management, and director of marketing and investor relations for Archetype Risk Advisors.
Karpen was a public director at the New York Board of Trade since 1998 and also has participated in a number of industry committees, including the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s Financial Advisory Committee and Regulatory Coordinating Committee.
== Education ==
He holds a Bachelor of Arts from Boston University and an MBA from Boston College.
== References ==
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members