Soy boy

Soy boy is an insult towards an allegedly feminine or low-testosterone (and therefore unmasculine and unmanly) male. Its meaning comes from the pseudoscientific claim that soy contains estrogens (in fact, it contains phytoestrogens). These phytoestrogens, in turn, are claimed to cause feminization such as breast growth (definitely not) and reduce male fertility (the science isn't yet clear). In reality, because phytoestrogens structurally mimic estrogen, consuming them may block cellular production of estrogen. In short, the reasoning appears to be: "We were saying that red meat is manlier than tofurkey all along. This proves it!"
The cultural obsession or moral panic about excessive soy consumption is largely contained to the West and is frequently lodged by the alt-right against leftist, liberal, or other non-right wing males as an indictment of their allegedly low levels of testosterone and feminized features and/or behaviors (read: not blindly hating minorities, atheists, and everybody who isn't a WASP). However, soy is native to the continent of Asia and has been consumed for many millennia by its inhabitants as a staple in their diets without detriment to health.http://ncsoy.org/media-resources/history-of-soybeans/ Also, ironically, beer has actually the most estrogenic phytoestrogen known,https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1328330 despite being viewed in many societies as what "real" men drink.
==Origins==
===Soy is making you gay! (WND)===
In 2005, WND contributor Jim Rutz created a 6-part series titled "SOY IS MAKING KIDS 'GAY'" and "THE TROUBLE WITH SOY"., WND, WND, WND, WND, WND, WND Of course, putting GAY in quotes is an implicit admission that soy isn't, in fact, doing any such thing, though given the rampant misuse of quotation marks today, it's unlikely that people noticed. Rutz alleged that soy is "poison" that is "feminizing":
Of course, the above is utter bullshit. Soybeans don't contain estrogen — they contain phytoestrogens, and the difference is important. Rutz continues with a laundry list of complaints, including a claim that soy is the reason we have gays:
These claims failed to catch on in the popular consciousness, though Snopes message boards had a good time laughing at it.http://msgboard.snopes.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?/ubb/get_topic/f/53/t/004836/p/1.htmlhttp://msgboard.snopes.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?/ubb/get_topic/f/53/t/004836/p/1.html
===Soy is making you girly! (Men's Health)===
In 2009, Men's Health contributor Jim Thornton repeated many of WND's claims — except that the "feminization" didn't lead to homosexuality, but just metrosexuality.https://www.menshealth.com/nutrition/soys-negative-effects Thornton alleged that "There may be a hidden dark side to soy, one that has the power to undermine everything it means to be male" — which certainly sounds scientific and not overblown. Thornton continues to recount that "when you consume soy protein, you’re actually courting the Mr. Hyde side of two natural drugs: genistein and daidzein. Both act so similarly to estrogen that they’re known as phytoestrogens (plant-produced estrogens). […] [W]hen humans consume these compounds in high enough quantities, they may experience gender-bending nightmares". Thornton goes on to recount a single instance (that of James Price) in which soy might have been linked to his small amount of breast growth and mood changes. (It could also have been due to the death of his wife to cancer or numerous other dietary changes or almost anything at all, but hey — that doesn't make for a good scare story.)
===Soy is making you girly! (Paul Joseph Watson)===
The "soy reduces testosterone and destroys manliness" claim finally got its limelight (soylight?) when Paul Joseph Watson of PrisonPlanet published a video on the subject, seeking to answer that age-old question: "Is soy food turning men into massive pussies?"
Ironically, as numerous Internet commenters pointed out, the supplement "Brain Force" sold by Watson's "gay, reptoid space alien lover" Alex JonesAlex Jones Funniest Moments Ever! Part 3 by Steven Venus (Mar 18, 2013) YouTube. on Infowars contains soy. Watson responded in a follow-up video by stating that Brain Force included which he claimed increases libido, and therefore increasing testosterone.That's not how testosterone works… if anything, the correlation-causation link between testosterone and libido works the other way around, and even that is questionable. He then said that a bit of soy was included in Brain Force just to "balance it out".
Responses from the alt-right were hyperbolic and hilarious:
*4chan members attempted to eat onions (the anti-soy, we presume) to boost their testosterone. Unfortunately, they weren't manly enough to overcome the taste.Holly Van Hare (November 27, 2017). "Does eating raw onions boost your testosterone? 4chan thinks so". The Los Angeles Times. (Archived).
*Stefan Molyneux pondered that "Some say lead poisoning in the pipes destroyed ancient Roman civilization — for the modern West, it could be soy in the blood."
*Faith Goldy asserted that "Soy is giving you b*ch tits & Leftism. This isn't a meme, it's literally destroying us from within".
*Mike Cernovich believes we are living in "Generation Soy".
*James Allsup opined that "If you are consuming soy you might as well be taking estrogen supplements #ExposeTheSoyAgenda".
*In contrast, NotPoliticallyCorrect came out strongly against Paul Joseph Watson, asserting that he's full of pseudoscientific bullshit, while also asserting that "East Asians seem to be adapted to soy". Tara McCarthy took a similar route.Posts: , 
*Lovely folks Richard Spencer, Katie Hopkins, and David VanceExamples: , , , , used the term with abandon.
If one were to take dietary advice from someone, Watson is one of the worst choices one could make. Watson suffers from xylophagia — he eats pages out of books,Forget Juicing: Try the InfoWars Diet by Mitchell Sunderland (June 1, 2017, 10:24am) Vice. a type of Pica is strongly associated with micronutrient deficiency, but the causal relationship has not been established.A meta-analysis of pica and micronutrient status by Diana Miao et al. (2015) Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27(1): 84–93. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22598.
==Science==
All three of the major isoflavones in soy protein are phytoestrogens. This means they are structurally similar to, but not identical to, the actual estrogens produced inside the human body. Current evidence suggests that these isoflavones activate some estrogen receptors (like real estrogen does), but block other estrogen receptors.Straight talk about soy, Harvard School of Public Health What effects, in total, does this have?
===Testosterone and estrogen===
*Messina et al. 2010 performed a review of the literature and found that "Isoflavone exposure at levels even greatly exceeding reasonable dietary intakes does not affect blood T or estrogen levels in men or sperm and semen parameters". They conclude that "men can feel confident that making soy a part of their diet will not compromise their virility or reproductive health."Messina, M. (2010). A brief historical overview of the past two decades of soy and isoflavone research. The Journal of nutrition, 140(7), 1350S-1354S. However, Messina is the Executive Director of the Soy Nutrition Institute, an organization funded by the soy industry, so there may be a conflict of interest there.
*Hamilton-Reeves et al. 2008 conducted a meta-analysis of the literature in Fertility and Sterility. They conclude that soy-based phytoestrogens do not increase the estrogen level or decrease the testosterone level in men.Hamilton-Reeves, J. M., Vazquez, G., Duval, S. J., Phipps, W. R., Kurzer, M. S., & Messina, M. J. (2010). Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis. Fertility and sterility, 94(3), 997-1007.
*Mitchell et al. 2001 found that when daily isoflavone supplements were given to healthy males over a 2 month period, they had "no observable effect on endocrine measurements, testicular volume or semen parameters over the study period."
*Allen et al. 2000 found that vegan men have significantly higher testosterone than vegetarian or meat-eating men. However, the difference between testosterone levels for vegan and vegetarian men was insignificant after adjusting for BMI, and no significant difference in free testosterone was observed. The study controlled for "age, smoking status, vigorous exercise, time of day of venipuncture, time since last eaten at venipuncture and time between venipuncture and blood processing".Allen, N. E., Appleby, P. N., Davey, G. K., & Key, T. J. (2000). Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-I but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men. British journal of cancer, 83(1), 95-97.
*Song 1999 found that (in laboratory mice) soy isoflavones are only weakly estrogenic, much less so than actual estrogen.
Animal research studies into soy are irrelevant to human health,Ask the Expert: Soy, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine particularly because soy is metabolized differently in humans and in rats.
There's also women, who need a balance of testosterone and estrogen, often overlooked due to the denigration of the feminine. If there were convincing research between soy and its increasing estrogen and lowering testosterone, surely wouldn't remain the most common endocrine disorder for women, and women would be happily eating more soy and not needing birth control pills to treat their abnormal high testosterone / low estrogen levels. Still, there are a few sites that recommend eating soy as for treating the condition,PCOS nutritionSepalika. (December 6, 2017). The Controversial Question: Should Women With PCOS Consume Soy? Retrieved August 3, 2018. though PCOS Nutrition Center admits that there are not many studies (only 5 published studies) investigating the benefits of soy for these women, though overall concluding that soy is safe for these women. Nevertheless, there has been also overexaggerated dangers of soy's ability to "disrupt hormones" for women as well, generally coming from pro-nature woo, pro-"organic", and "anti-GMO" pro-supplements sites, which generally don't have a good track record on science.Global Healing Center (November 13, 2014) (this site sells supplements and "natural" "organic" "GMO-free" lifestyle) 4 Health Consequences of Soy for Women
===Fertility===
In Thornton's Men's Health piece, he mentions Chavarro et al. 2008's "Soy food and isoflavone intake in relation to semen quality parameters among men from an infertility clinic", which found reduced sperm per milliliter among people who ate any soy than among those who ate no soy at all (after controlling for age, abstinence time, BMI, caffeine and alcohol intakes and smoking). However, all 99 study participants were members of subfertile couples — rather than a random sample of the population. More importantly, as NEJM Journal Watch notes, soy consumption was not associated with changes in total sperm count, ejaculate volume, sperm motility, or sperm morphology.https://www.jwatch.org/jw200808070000002/2008/08/07/do-soy-foods-affect-sperm-quality In short, the study isn't applicable to the general public and its findings have been substantially overblown.
Interestingly, however, more recent evidence (extensively reviewed in Salas-Huetos 2017) does support Chaverro's hypothesis. The literature broadly suggests soy products may have a negative effect on male fertility.Salas-Huetos, A., Bulló, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2017). Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies. Human reproduction update, 1-19. Before you chuck the tofu, however, note that Salas-Hueto document a substantial number of associations between food and fertility in particular, high consumptions of meat also appear to reduce fertility.
One should further be cautioned that virtually all of these studies are observational rather than experimental. Instead of getting a random sample of the population and artificially increasing or decreasing their soy or isoflavone intake, researchers instead observed the current health and current diets of a subset of the population. It could easily be that men who like eating meat and tofu have lower fertility for other reasons.
It is also important to remember that there are many things in the environment which we are exposed to on a daily basis which may have an effect on fertility. The most obvious of these is background radiation, which is ubiquitous and unavoidable. By flying, you expose yourself to as much as 3 times the normal level of background radiation (normal background radiation depends on where you normally live, as background radiation varies with location). These people are quick to leap on any evidence that shows a minor effect on fertility, yet most of them are perfectly willing to take flights. It is a perfect example of hypocrisy.
==A measured response==
==Trivia==
*On the flip side, soy protein isolate is a fairly popular source of protein for bodybuilders. Ironically, the earliest examples of soy panic came from the online bodybuilding communities, many of which promote questionable ideas on how to train.
*Unlike their contemporary copycats, the original Nazis loved soy beans so much that a 1930s Hitler Youth manual nicknamed them "Nazi beans" and recommended eating them instead of meat.Roya Nikkhah (February 9, 2013). "Hitler's food taster speaks of Führer's vegetarian diet". The Telegraph.
*Soy protein is also a common food allergen.US Food and Drug Administration, "What you need to know about food allergies," accessed Sep. 7, 2019.
==See also==
* Alt-right glossary
=== Want to read this in another language? ===
==External links==
*Soy Boy: What is this new online insult used by the far right?
*Why the alt-right movement is using the term ‘soy boy’ to insult its enemies online
*Google trends on this topic
*Soy Boys: A Measured Response
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Alt-right
Category:Food woo
Category:Homophobia
Category:Memes
Category:Moral panics
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Sexism
Category:Machismo