nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Cultural Christianity

"Cultural Christian" (also "Secular Christian") is a self-identifying term used by some non-Christians (usually atheists and agnostics), usually to mean that they see Christianity as fundamental to "Western" culture, whatever that means, and thus associate with it.
==Application==
The term is variously used by:
*Secular Islamophobes, to emphasize that they, at minimum, find Christianity preferable to Islam (they rarely reference other religions).
*Adherents of an even more secularist version of cafeteria Christianity (or, similarly, by atheists or agnostics who want to distinguish themselves from antitheism).
*Some conservative or neoreactionary non-Christians, to allow the use of carefully-selected Christian moral principles to defend their ideology. Looking at you, Jordan Peterson.
*Good old fashioned antisemites, who want to assert that they have no truck with any of that "Judeo-Christian" stuff.
*White nationalists who wish to cover their racism with a fig leaf of religion.
Richard Dawkins is an odd example in that, despite his frequent lambasting of religion, he uses the terms "cultural Christian"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7136682.stm and "secular Christian" to just mean that he was brought up in a Christian culture and occasionally participates in events at his local Church of England“I would describe myself as a secular Christian in the same sense as secular Jews have a feeling for nostalgia and ceremonies.” — though it also fits Dawkins' less than fond attitude towards Islam (which also means that he thinks that only the Protestant/Catholic conflict should figure as a sort of historical civic culture class).Richard Dawkins interview: 'I have a certain love for the Anglican tradition', The Spectator, 14 September 2013. Particularly this bit: "But I think I share your Anglican nostalgia, especially when you look at the competition"; though Dawkins leaves open exactly which competition he means.
Since Anders Breivik used it in his manifesto,http://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Is-Anders-Breivik-a-Christian-terrorist-1624540.php the usage has shifted more towards the Islamophobic and (somewhat secular) conservative meanings. White nationalist leader Richard Spencer considers himself a cultural Christian. https://forward.com/news/376642/who-is-richard-spencer-alt-right/
==See also==
*Cultural Marxism
==References==
Category:Christianity
Cultural libertarianism

Cultural libertarianism is a term coined by Allum Bokhari which generally defines a broad movement standing in the opposition of what he calls “cultural authoritarianism”, i.e. political correctness, conservative correctness, and various attempts to limit freedom of speech. It can be described as a “free speech fundamentalism” as it puts “total artistic and intellectual freedom” as its utmost principle.Allum Bohari & Milo Yiannopoulos, Enough! Entire Entertainment Industry Says ‘No More’ to Social Justice Warriors, Breitbart, 20 Jul 2015, Accessed 13 Feb 2017Allum Bokhari, Rise of the Cultural Libertarians, Breitbart, 24 Aug 2015, Accessed 13 Feb 2017 It differs from libertarianism because it opposes not only suppression of the freedom of speech by a state, but also by non-state groups.Lauren Southern - You might be a "cultural libertarian" if..., Rebel Media, 27 Aug 2015, Accessed 13 Feb 2017 Bokhari states that while cultural libertarians are often libertarians or conservatives (e.g. when it comes to their views on economy), they are actually “united only by their opposition to authoritarianism and their robust views on free speech and free expression and cannot reliably be placed on the left-right spectrum”.
Bohari divides cultural libertarians into three broad categories:
* “Vanguard hell-raisers” – individuals who “generate headlines” by provoking “social justice warriors”, usually by trolling (probably the best known is Milo Yiannopoulos, also Lauren Southern adhered to trolling in her "The Triggering" event),
* Academics, journalists, political and social commentators who “provide intellectual substance to the movement” (e.g. Christina Hoff Sommers, Jon Ronson, Bill Maher, Adam Baldwin, Maajid Nawaz, Cathy Young, Carl Benjamin a.k.a. Sargon of Akkad, Katie Hopkins, Lauren Southern, Dave Rubin, British online magazine Spiked),
* Comedians, directors and other artists, concerned about the threat to creative freedom posed (e.g. Chris Rock).
==Criticism==
The movement has been criticized (to partial extent) by Daniel Pryor, a Fellow of the Center for a Stateless Society, a left market anarchist think tank, because cultural libertarians often employ methods (e.g. doxxing, harassment, death threats, excessive trolling) used by “social justice warriors” and pro-political correctness activists whom they criticize. Pryor also criticizes its non-recognition of “structural oppressions” as far as cultural libertarians “tend to view oppression as a phenomenon occurring on an individual or small group level”.Daniel Pryor, Cultural Libertarianism on Trial, Center for a Stateless Society, 4 Aug 2015, Accessed 13 Feb 2017
==References==
Category:Libertarianism
Culture

Culture is a broad term to describe different social, religious, historical, and performative characteristics of a group of people. More specifically, culture is a community-defined construct that provides group identity, social connections, rules and ethics, political structures, and reproduction of practices. Culture is most often tied to ethnic groups and nations and can be a powerful force in nationalism. Anthropologists study culture. 
However, even within a nation, competing cultures can be found. These are often referred to as subcultures.
A group that establishes its own set of values and behavior in opposition to a dominant group in society is termed a counter-culture. 
==Other definitions==
Among microbiologists, a culture is a particular sample of microorganisms, such as kombucha or any of the numerous groups of E. coli used by Richard Lenski.
==See also==
*Government
Category:Biology
 
Category:Sociology
Culture of excuse

The culture of excuse (culture de l'excuse) is a concept mostly invented by French politicians and some intellectuals, to denigrate sociologists who try to explain "inexcusable behaviors" like crime or terrorism (because how dare sociologists try to explain why people do things). 
==Origin of the idea==
In 1988 Luc Ferry and Alain Renault wrote an essay on what they called the "spirit of 68". They criticized Foucault, Bourdieu and others for believing that there is no free will (unjustifiably, as Bourdieu always explained that he wasn't a determinist). The essay is just a baseless rant where they don't try to actually falsify their opponent's beliefs (which Bourdieu always complained about, as he saw his theories as falsifiablehttps://www.franceculture.fr/sociologie/pierre-bourdieu-la-verite-sociologique-une-telle-violence-quelle-fait-souffrir : "We work to be verifiable or falsifiable" ; "They answer to me at Paris IV : "but this is totalitarian because you are irrefutable". Not at all..."), and "refute" Bourdieu by saying his sociology is just classic marxism.
http://www.scienceshumaines.com/la-pensee-68_fr_13109.html
Apparently, just labelling something as "marxist" suffices to refute years of research.
==Apparition of the expression==
This expression comes mostly from the far-right teacher Xavier Raufer, who criticized the idea that poverty and life conditions were causes of crime, explaining instead that crime evolves according to politics of repression.
The idea that sociology excuses crime spread with the former president Nicolas Sarkozy, who explained that "to explain the inexplicable is to forgive the inexcusable".Quand on veut expliquer l'inexplicable c'est qu'on s'apprête à excuser l'inexcusable by Cristi Barbulescu (27 mars 2014) Mediapart. This idea has been used since reformulated by Prime Minister Manuel Valls,«Expliquer la radicalisation, c'est excuser»: Valls change de version by Louis Nadau (21/03/2016 à 17:38) Le Figaro. and used by some intellectuals to criticize sociology.
==Fallacies==
The concept itself is based on the idea that to explain is to forgive. This is wrong because explaining the causes of a person's behavior does not necessarily mean that this person had no responsibility.
The second fallacy is that it is bad to forgive a crime based on socioeconomic factors. But if sociology showed that criminals (or just some criminals) weren't responsible for their acts, then they should be rehabilitated instead of punished, much like psychiatric internment for crimes caused by mental illness.
==References==
category:sociology category:pseudoscience
Cupping

Cupping is a pre-modern "medical" practice, consisting of sticking cups to the patient's skin via suction with the idea to make them better. Documentary evidence exists that the practice was widespread in Egypt as far back as 1550 BCE.Cupping Therapy The ancient Greeks also practiced cupping; Hippocrates was credited with using the practice in 400 BCE.A Brief History of Cupping by Bruce Bentley As no ancient medical treatment is stale enough for alternative medicine fans, it is still practised (in Unani, traditional Chinese medicine, and Ayurveda, among other things), commonly under the guise of "detoxification". There is absolutely no evidence that cupping has any positive effect on one's health and may actually be harmful, with the possibility of blood vessels rupturing from the pressure and burns if fire is used. It also has the possible side effect of making the patient look like a moron.
==Cupping technique==
File:Fotothek df tg 0007618 Medizin ^ Therapie ^ Blutabnahme.jpg|Illustration from 1695. The date should be a dead give-away on why you shouldn't do it. Unless you want to try leeching too?
File:Schroepfen.jpg|During cupping.
File:Cupping results.jpg|After cupping.
File:Fire Cupping.jpg|Cupping WITH FIRE.
The cups are usually applied to the back. The suction is usually achieved via heating the cup before applying it to the skin. After the air inside cools down, it "shrinks" and creates negative pressure, drawing skin in and making the cup stick to it.
Depending on the suction force and the skin of the patient, cupping may leave characteristic circular bruises that will last for some time after the procedure.
"Cupping" usually refers to sucking cups only, but there's also "wet cupping", when the skin is punctured before a cup is applied. The negative pressure draws blood (and supposedly, toxins), thus combining cupping with bloodletting, another ancient medical practice.
There is a description of cupping in a Paris hospital in George Orwell's essay How The Poor Die.
Cupping is popular with some sportspeople and made headlines during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games when US swimmer Michael Phelps and other Olympic athletes appeared looking like they just lost a fight to an octopus with the distinctive circular bruises on their bodies."Does ‘cupping’ do Olympic athletes any good – and does it matter if it doesn't?", The Guardian, 8 August 2016."The science of cupping: why the Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps is covered in purple blotches", New Statesman, 9 August 2016.
==Non-woo use==
Besides their use in alternative medicine, the cups are sometimes used as sex toys in certain BDSM practices."Cupping Is More Than Quack Medicine - It's a Sex Toy!". The Countess.
==See also==
*Acupuncture
*Fire therapy
==External links==
*Hickey, and Cupping, articles in Science-Based Medicine
*Cupping, entry in The Skeptic's Dictionary
*Buttock cupping was also a thing
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Chinese medicine
Category:Sexuality
Cyberwarfare

Cyberwarfare is a hypothetical form of military conflict that takes place in cyberspaceSC Magaxine: Cyberspace and the changing nature of warfare and is most useful as a method of getting huge quantities of money from the US government.
== Examples ==
The first known incidence of believably state-sponsored international cyberwarfare was in April 2007, when many Estonian organizations, including the parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers and broadcasters, saw their websites fall under a series of cyber attacks.The Guardian: Russia accused of unleashing cyberwar to disable Estonia
It originated as a political dispute over the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker. Most Estonians considered the Bronze Soldier a symbol of Soviet occupation, while Russians regarded it as a symbol of Soviet liberation and victory over Nazi Germany. When the Government of Estonia started final preparations for the relocation of the statue, disagreement over the propriety of the action led to two nights of mass protests and riots (accompanied by looting). The cyber-attacks began on April 27, 2007, lasting three weeks; some observers reckoned that the onslaught on Estonia was of a sophistication not seen before. The case has been studied extensively by military planners in many countries.
The Russian government has been accused of direct involvement in the cyberattacks against Estonia,Estonia accuses Russia of 'cyberattack' by Arthur Bright (May 17, 2007) Christian Science Monitor. and the indirect evidence that Russia routinely conducts cyberwarfare is very strong: DDos attacks accompanied Russia's 2008 invasion of Georgia, Ukraine was the target of significant cyberattacks at the time of Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014,Russian military was behind ‘NotPetya’ cyberattack in Ukraine, CIA concludes by Ellen Nakashima (January 12, 2018) The Washington Post. and Russia inserted NotPetya malware into Ukraine during Russia's 2014 invasion.Strategic Analysis: As Russia-Ukraine Conflict Continues, Malware Activity Rises by Kenneth Geers (May 28, 2014) FireEye. 
 
Another instance of cyberwarfare being used was allegedly by the United States against Iran, wherein the US issued commands to the centrifuge in an Iranian nuclear reactor to spin at speeds which caused it to break. This was repeated with the final effect of destroying roughly one fifth of Iran's nuclear centrifuges.The Stuxnet Attack On Iran's Nuclear Plant Was 'Far More Dangerous' Than Previously Thought by Michael B Kelley (Nov 20, 2013, 9:58 AM) Business Insider.
==Notes==
==References==
Category:War
Cyclamate

Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener that was banned in the U.S. in 1969, out of fear that it caused cancer in rats. Its successor, saccharin, was also implicated in rat cancers, but was shown not to cause cancer in primates, and still enjoys some success in modern markets. (Plus, the rat now has to drink the equivalent of 2 or 3 liters of sweetened beverage a day to risk cellular chaos.) Many American consumers who'd grown used to cyclamate missed it after it was banned, most notably since its aftertaste wasn't as strongly bitter as saccharin's.
Aspartame (NutraSweet®, and an ingredient in Equal®) appeared as its next successor in the 1980s. It is one of the most studied and vetted food additives in the world and is considered safe in over 70 countries. Since then, sucralose (Splenda®, another artificial sweetener) and (extracted from the leaves of the flowering plant stevia rebaudiana, and thus not artificial) have started horning in on the nearly-calorie-free sweetener market too. 
== How was it invented? ==
In 1937, a grad student was trying to make a synthetic anti-fever medication. He put his cigarette down on his lab bench, picked it up again, and discovered that it tasted sweet. We swear we're not making this up.
== Is it really harmful? ==
Bacteria living in your gut can break down cyclamate into cyclohexylamine, which is suspected (but not conclusively proven) to have some chronic toxic effect in various animal species — and which, even worse, has a long and therefore scary-sounding chemical name. The general feeling at the time cyclamate was banned in the US was that simply waving it near rats gave them cancer. But apparently, further research disagrees. 55 countries, including Canada, still permit cyclamate to be added to food. The U.S. FDA now states that a review of all available evidence does not implicate cyclamate as a carcinogen in mice or rats — but the ban still has not been lifted.
Cyclamate was also implicated in making your balls shrink. However, a 2003 paper reports that an epidemiological study "demonstrates no effect of cyclamate or cyclohexylamine on male fertility at the present levels of cyclamate consumption."
==See also==
*Chemophobia
*Obesity
==References==
Category:Chemicals
Category:Food
Cyprus

Cyprus is an island off the southern Turkish coast, in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. At the moment, it's divided into two entities: the Republic of Cyprus to the south (commonly associated with the name "Cyprus"; a member of the European Union and internationally recognized) and the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC) to the north (recognized by Turkey and nobody else).
It is one of the most religious countries in the EU.See page 204 of this [http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf Eurobarometer biotechnology report>, and as a result it is deeply racist, sexist, and homophobic.ILGA annual review 2013The social situation concerning homophobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in Cyprus by the Danish institute for human rights, March 2009
Cyprus was a disaster in the European sovereign debt crisis; one must wonder how it even got into the Eurozone with an economy consisting almost entirely of Russian oligarchs who store their cash there because they'd rather store their cash in a warm place than a cold place like Switzerland.Cyprus bailout: Deal reached in Eurogroup talks, BBC News, 25 March 2013
== A Tale of Two Cypruses ==
This division happened in a failed Greek attempt to establish a puppet state in Cyprus, using ethnic clashes between Turks and Greeks. Turkey invaded Cyprus (using the rights given to them by the , signed between Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, and erstwhile colonial power the United Kingdom) to stop this attempt and successfully overthrew the puppet state, which actually caused the end of the military junta in Greece (yay!). Yet they kind of refused (and still refuse) to leave when they were done, citing "security reasons" (boo!).
Northern Cyprus was founded under the Turkish invasion, despite strong opposition by Britain and the whole United Nations. The Turkish government recognized them immediately and sent (mostly under-educated and unqualified) people there as laborers and deliberately modified the ethnic structure in their favor. These policies caused strong anti-Turkish sentiment in Cyprus (even in the North, despite people there being Turkish). The irony is that Northern Cyprus is a de facto Turkish puppet state and is only recognized by Turkey.
Nowadays, Northern Cyprus has become the Turkish version of Las Vegas, with all that gambling and prostitution. It is also a tax haven and a place for criminals to escape from Turkish laws, all thanks to a lack of legal infrastructure.
Additionally, a UN-controlled buffer zone separates the two, and the United Kingdom retains two bases on the island. There's a whole town called Varosia or Maraş in the buffer zone, which used to be a very popular tourist destination but is now desolate and off-limits (unless you are a Turkish soldier).
==See also==
*Cyprus FreeThinkers
==References==
Category:Asian countries
Category:Christian fundamentalism
Category:Cyprus
Category:European countries
Category:Member states of the European Union
Category:Middle Eastern countries
Category:Tax havens
Category:Territorial disputes
Cyprus FreeThinkers

Cyprus FreeThinkers is a Cypriot freethought group that meets on the internet.
==Views==
Cyprus FreeThinkers claims to promote critical thinking and science, but instead mainly focus on attempting to convert people to anarcho-capitalism,A post by their leader.Another post by their leader. libertarianism,Another.Yet another post by their leader. objectivism,And another. climate change denialismSo much wisdom. and other wingnuttery.Yep, you guessed it.The loophole of atheism Or just timecube-esque drivel.Social Fascism: The Final frontier They also have their own special brand of misogyny,Dear leader explains all.Here too.This which inspired this by our very own Armondikov. racism, and neo-Nazi tendencies.Regarding the Free Thinkers in Cyprus: A Short CritiqueWho knows anymore? Ironically, they indirectly promote political apathy.E.g., this "meme" , explanation in English here.
Their active membership appears to consist mainly of that classic internet hybrid, the fedora-wearing MRA-promoting, anarcho-capitalist privileged male.
==Interacting with these people==
The short answer is: don't engage.
Attempts to engage them in discussion will certainly result in a display of a wide range of logical fallacies, especially ad hominems, derailing the discussion and avoiding the issue at hand. Their leader and some of his most loyal followers have tried to engage others in freethinking groups, such as on RationalWiki's Facebook group, but left after they failed to impress. For a group claiming to promote individuality, it has very strong indications of being a personal cult around their leader. Discussions take place in a mix of English, Greek and Cypriot dialect, which can make discussions hard to follow for people not from Cyprus.
==See also==
*Neoreactionary movement
==External links==
*Cyprus FreeThinkers website
*Cyprus FreeThinkers Facebook group and Facebook page. Not to be confused with Cyprus Critical Freethinkers or with Cyprus Atheists!
==References==
Category:Internet
Category:Anarchism
Category:Cyprus
Category:Atheism
Category:Men's rights movement
Category:Politics
Czech Skeptics' Club Sisyfos

Czech Skeptics' Club Sisyfos is a Czech skeptical nonprofit organization devoted to promoting public awareness of philosophical skepticism, science, and critical thinking.
In their rules, they refuse to interfere with religious, moral and political issues.Stanovy Českého klubu skeptiků Sisyfos (in Czech)
==Paranormal challenge==
Sisyfos (like many many other organizations) offers a lot of money (3,373,333 Czech koruna or US$160,671) to a person who can prove to have paranormal abilities.Oficial page of Paranormal challenge (in Czech)
==Erratic Boulder==
Erratic Boulder is an anti-award given to people for "misleading the Czech public and the development of a muddy way of thinking." Statut pro udělování výroční ceny Sisyfa Bludný balvan (in Czech)
Erratic Boulder was given to people such as the creator of Zdeněk Rejdák, Czech minister Antonín Baudyš or Erich von Däniken. It was also given to some organizations in category cooperatives, such as three major television stations in Czechia (Prima, Nova and it was also given to national Czech Television 3 times), Homeopathic medical association, Flat-earthers (the boulder that was given for them was especially flat) and also to Ministry of Industry and Trade for financing project FI-IMPULS by 29 million Czech koruna (US$1.3 million) that was researching a thing that cannot exist (in state documents called “Passive detection and localization of human behind obstacle“)Zlatý Bludný balvan za rok 2009 — Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu České republiky (in Czech).
==External links==
*Czech Skeptics' Club Sisyfos — in English
*Český klub skeptiků SISYFOS — in Czech
==References==
Category:Skeptical organizations
Category:Czechia