nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Tetrachloroethane

== Description ==
A clear, sweet-smelling, viscous liquid. Tetrachloroethane was formerly used as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, plastics, cellulose acetate, rubber, copal, and sulfur. It was also used in the manufacture of paint and varnish removers and in the production of insecticides, weed killers, and fumigants. Tetrachlorethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acetylene tetrachloride; sym-tetrachloroethane; Cellon; Bonoform
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tetrachloroethane.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Nonflammable. Decomposes on contact with flame or UV light to form toxic fumes (phosgene and hydrogen chloride). 
* Potential carcinogenic. 
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible with methanol, ethanol, benzene, ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform carbon disulfide, dimethylformamide, oils. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	CHCl2CHCl2
CAS 	79-34-5
Melting Point 	-44 C
Density 	1.587-1.593 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 167.9
Refractive Index	1.49419
Boiling Point 	146.5 C
== Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 805
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9331
Category:Materials database
Tetrachloroethylene

== Description ==
Colorless, chlorinated hydrocarbon with an ether-like odor. Tetrachloroethylene (TCE) was first prepared by Faraday in 1921. It is currently used as a dry-cleaning solvent and as a vapor-degreaser for metals. TCE is a suspected carcinogen.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
TCE; tetrachloroethene; ethylene tetrachloride; perchloroethylene; Perclene; Vaclene [DuPont]
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tetrachloroethylene.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible in ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	Cl2C:CCl2
CAS 	127-18-4
Melting Point 	22 C
Density 	1.6230 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.= 165.83 .
Refractive Index	1.5055
Boiling Point 	121 C
== Risks ==
* Irritating to eyes and skin. 
* Potential carcinogen. 
* Dangerous to the environment. 
* Nonflammable, but may decompose in the presence of flames or UV light to form toxic fumes (phosgene, hydrogen chloride). 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9332; ref. index=1.5055
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.504
Category:Materials database
Tetracycline

== Description ==
[Lederle] A trademark for a yellow crystalline powder. Tetracycline is composed of an antibiotic obtained from several Streptomyces species such as Streptomyces viridifaciens. It is decomposed by strong sunlight and alkaline solutions. Tetracycline is primarily used as an antibiotic. It can also be used as a fluorochrome because it induces fluorescence in mitochondria of living cells. It has a mean excitation wavelength of 390 nm (ultraviolet) and a mean emission wavelength of 560 nm (Wolbers et al., 1990).
== Risks ==
* Decomposes in sunlight. 
* Potential for allergic reactions. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in hydrochloric acid. Soluble in ethanol, water. Insoluble in chloroform, ether.
Composition 	C22H24N2O8
CAS 	60-54-8
Melting Point	170-175 C (dec)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Wolbers, N. Sterman, C. Stavroudis, "Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings", Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990.
Category:Materials database
Tetrafluoroethylene

== Description ==
A colorless gas used to make polytetrafluoroethylene.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Insoluble in water
Composition 	F2C:CF2
CAS 	116-14-3
Melting Point	-142 C
Boiling Point	-78.2 C
== Risks ==
* Flammable
* Airgas: SDS
Category:Materials database
Tetrahydrofuran

== Description ==
Colorless, transparent liquid with an ether-like odor. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a strong solvent for natural and synthetic resins, especially vinyls. It is used in the manufacture of coatings, adhesives, magnetic tapes, printing inks, and cellophane. Because THF is soluble in both water and organic solvents, it is chosen as an intermediate carrier in liquid chromatography solvent cycles.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
THF; diethylene oxide; tetramethylene oxide; 1,4-epoxybutane; oxacyclopentane; Oxolane
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tetrahydrofuran.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Flammable. Fire risk. 
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Skin contact may cause irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
* EPA lists tetrahydrofuran as hazardous waste (ignitable, toxic); Concentrations over 10% must be disposed of appropriately
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water and organic solvents.
Composition 	C4H8O
CAS 	109-99-9
Melting Point 	-108.4 C
Density 	0.888-0.889 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 72.11
Refractive Index	1.4070
Boiling Point 	66 C
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 9351
* G.G. Hawley, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 6th ed., 1961
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Tetrahydronaphthalene

== Description ==
A colorless liquid sold commercially under the name Tetralin®. Tetrahydronaphthalene is a strong solvent that dissolves waxes, natural resins, rubber, gums, oils, metallic soaps, greases, cellulose ethers, asphalt, linoxyn, and printing inks. It is used in paint and varnish removers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Tetralin® [DuPont]
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tetrahydronaphthalene.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Irritating to eyes and skin. Narcotic in high concentrations. 
* Discolors with age. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible with most solvents. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C10H12
CAS 	119-64-2
Melting Point 	-31 C
Density 	0.966-0.981 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=132.21
Refractive Index	1.540-1.547
Boiling Point 	205-207 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9360
Category:Materials database
Tetralin

== Description ==
[DuPont] A registered trademark for a colorless solvent composed of tetrahydronaphthalene. Tetralin® is a strong solvent that dissolves waxes, natural resins, rubber, gums, oils, metallic soaps, greases, cellulose ethers, asphalt, linoxyn, and printing inks. It is used in paint and varnish removers.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Tetralin.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tetrahydronaphthalene
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Irritating to eyes and skin. 
* Narcotic in high concentrations. 
* Discolors with age. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Miscible with most solvents. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C10H12
CAS 	119-64-2
Melting Point 	-31 C
Density 	0.966-0.981 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=132.21
Refractive Index	1.540-1.547
Boiling Point 	205-207 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 527
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9360
Category:Materials database
Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate

== Description ==
A brown color fluorescent dye used to detect proteins. Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) will react with free hydroxyl or amino groups and thus must be prepared in a water-free solvent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
TRITC; Texas red isothiocyanate (not the same as Texas Red®)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone 
* Maximum absorption wavelength = 550 nm 
* Maximum emission wavelength = 570 nm.
Composition 	C25H21N3O3S
CAS 	80724-20-5
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 443.52
== Risks ==
* Moisture sensitive. 
* Skin irritant.
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990 Comment: mean excitation wavelength of 540 nm (green) and mean emission wavelength=570 nm
* Website: www.mdyn.com/application_notes/technotes - gives max abs. = 554 and max emission = 573
* Website: pingu.salk.edu/fcm/fluo.html - gives excitation = 547 and emission = 572
* Aldrich Chemical Catalog Comment: p. 1402; abs max=539
Category:Materials database
Texas Red

== Description ==
[Molecular Probes] A registered trademark for a red fluorescent dye used to detect proteins. Texas Red® is composed of sulforhodamine 101 sulfonyl chloride. Texas Red® binds with soluble proteins producing sulfonyl chloride which is readily washed away with water.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in dimethylformamide, acetone 
* Maximum absorption wavelength = 589-595 nm 
* Maximum emission wavelength = 615-620 nm
==Resources and Citations==
* Molecular Probes: Texas Red® data page
* Website (www.mdyn.com/application_notes/technotes) - gives max abs=596 nm and max.emission = 620 nm
* Website (pingu.salk.edu/fcm/fluo.html ) - gives max abs=589 nm and max.emission = 615 nm
* Molecular Probes website (www.probes.com/handbook/sections) - gives max abs=595 nm and max.emission = 615 nm
Category:Materials database
Texas Red granite

== Description ==
A medium- to coarse-grain, pink, or gray granite quarried near Marble Falls in Llano and Burnet Counties, Texas. Texas Red or Pink granite was used for monuments and buildings. Examples include parts of the Atlantic City Convention Center in NJ and the Center Commons in Brooklyn NY.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Texas Pink granite; Texas Rose granite; Texas granite
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Water absorption by weight = 0.1-0.2%
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* World's most popular granites at www.findstone.com/daniel3.htm ; water absorption = 0.1-0.2% by weight
Category:Materials database
Texas limestone

== Description ==
A soft, uniform, light-colored oolitic limestone quarried in Williamson County, Texas. The fine-grain Texas limestone was extensively used for sculpture, buildings, interior decoration and mausoleums.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cedar Park limestone; Leander limestone
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Texas marble

== Description ==
A white, coarse-grain, calcitic marble quarried near the town of Texas in Baltimore County, Maryland. Texas marble can contain some veins of mica and small amounts of pyrite. Exposure can discolor the stone as the pyrite oxidizes. Texas marble was used for the bottom 152 feet of the Washington Monument. The upper portion of the monument is covered with Cockeysville marble. These two marbles are separated by 4 courses of Lee marble from Massachusetts.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Texicryl

== Description ==
[Scott Bader] A brand name for an acrylic/methacrylic copolymer. Texicryl is formulated as an aqueous emulsion of an ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer.
==Resources and Citations==
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
Category:Materials database
Texodern

== Description ==
An early imitation leather made from a synthetic polymer coated cloth. Texodern is resistant to water stains and insects (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Textile

== Description ==
A general term for a flexible flat material made by weaving, knitting, felting, or knotting together one or more types of natural or synthetic fibers. Textile examples made from linen have been found from about 5000 BCE from Egyptian sites Gayum and Badari. Cotton textile fragments dating to 3000 BCE have been found at Mohnjo Daro in India (Singer et al 1954). See also cloth.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
fabric; cloth; material; tejido (Esp.); textil (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* C.Singer, E.Holmyard, A.Hall, A History of Technology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954.
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Textile Block

== Description ==
A brand name for modular concrete blocks designed to form a bas-relief geometric pattern (Bucher 1996). Textile blocks designed by Frank L. Wright in the 1920s were used in some of his homes, such as the Ennis-Brown House in Los Angeles.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
unit block
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Texture

== Description ==
The visual or tactile characteristics of the surface of a material. Textures can be smooth, rough, grainy, silky, dull, lustrous, stiff, soft, etc. Texture is used to describe rock, paper, cloth, leather, and other types of surfaces that are commonly touched. In geology, the term texture also applies to the arrangement in space of the components of a rock and of the boundaries between these components.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
textura (Port.); texture (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 929
* Submitted information Comment: José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, 2009.
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Thallium

== Description ==
A bluish-gray metallic element. Thallium was first identified by William Crookes in 1861. It has an abundance of about 0.7 ppm in the earth's crust and occurs mainly in the minerals crookesite, lorandite and hutchinsonite. Thallium is recovered as a byproduct of lead and zinc smelting. The soft metal can be cut with a knife. Thallium tarnishes on exposure to air forming highly toxic oxides, carbonates and hydroxides. Metallic thallium has been used in the manufacture of photocells, infrared detectors, low-melting point glasses and low-temperature thermometers, relays and switches. Thallium salts have been used in to make artificial diamonds, green pyrotechnics as well as for ant and rodent poisons.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Tl; ramor
== Risks ==
* Forms toxic compounds on contact with moisture. 
* Can be absorbed through the skin. 
* Reacts violently with halogens. 
* Hazardous to the environment. 
* IBI Labs: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in nitric and sulfuric acids. Insoluble in water, but reacts with air and water to become soluble. 
* Flame color is greenish blue.
Composition 	Tl (atomic no. 81)
CAS 	7440-28-0
Melting Point 	302-303 C
Density 	11.85 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt. = 204.37
Boiling Point 	1457 C
Category:Materials database
Thatch

== Description ==
A roof covering composed of straw or reeds. Thatch has been used since at least 500 BCE. Materials used for thatch roofs include wheat straw, oats, marsh reeds, broom, heather, bracken, and various grasses.
==Resources and Citations==
* Clive Fewins "Thatch in the 21st Century" Building Conservation Directory 2001: Link
Category:Materials database
Thecotrichite

== Description ==
An efflorescent salt found on excavated limestones that have been stored or displayed in the presence of acetic acid vapor. Thecotrichite is composed of calcium acetate nitrate chloride hydrate (Gibson 1998). It is only formed under very specific conditions in which a calcareous stone that contains chloride and nitrate ions is put in an environment with acetic acid vapors and moisture. Mitigation involves any or all of the following: 1) desalination, 2) decreasing relative humidity, or 3) elimination of acetic acid vapors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
calcium acetate nitrate chloride hydrate
==Resources and Citations==
* L.T.Gibson, "Standardization: Is It Essential?", in presentation abstracts for 'Indoor Air Pollution: Detection and Mitigation of Carbonyls' meeting held in Glasgow on June 17-18, 1998.
Category:Materials database
Theobroma oil

== Description ==
A yellowish-white solid with a chocolate odor and taste. Theobroma oil is extracted from roasted cacao beans (Theobroma cacao). It primarily contains glycerides of stearic, palmitic, oleic, arachidic, and linoleic acids. Theobroma oil is used in the manufacture of chocolates and soaps.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Theobroma cacao; cacao butter; cocoa butter; aceite de teobroma (Esp.); burro di cacao (It)
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
* Humco: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in hot ethanol, ether and chloroform. Insoluble in water. 
* Saponification no. = 188-195
* Iodine no. = 35-43.
Melting Point 	30-35 C
Density 	0.858-0.864 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.4537-1.4585
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9417
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "cocoa butter." Accessed 17 May 2005 .
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: cocoa butter: density=0.89-0.91; melting point = 34.1; iodine value=36.5; saponification value = 193.8; refractive index=01.4568
Category:Materials database
Thermal analysis

== Description ==
A group of techniques that measure specific physical properties of the material while it is exposed to controlled temperature changes. See for example: 
* Thermogravimetric Analysis - TGA 
* Differential Thermal Analysis - DTA 
* Thermal Mechanical Analysis - TMA 
* Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
TA; Thermische Analyse (Deut.); analyse thermique (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Thermal conductivity

== Description ==
The rate at which heat diffuses through a solid or liquid. Thermal conductivity is measured as the amount of heat conducted per unit time for a given thickness and known temperature difference between the two faces. Testing is usually done on a 1cm x 1cm x 1cm block with a 1 deg C temperature difference. A material with a high thermal conductivity is a good heat conductor. For example, heat conductivities for copper (220), aluminum (122) and steel (25) are given in parenthesis in units of BTU/hour/sq.foot/deg C. A material with a low thermal conductivity is a good heat insulator. For example, heat conductivities for asbestos (0.031), corkboard (0.025) and air (0.014) are given in parenthesis in units of BTU/hour/sq.foot/deg C.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
conductivité thermique (Fr.); Wärmeleitfähigkeit (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Thermogravimetric analysis

== Description ==
An analytical technique that measures the variation in the mass of a material as a function of temperature. Thermal gravimetric analysis produces a TG curve. Mass changes can provide an indication of chemical reactions, dehydration and off-gassing of volatile products.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
TGA; Themogravimetrie (Deut.); analyse thermogravimétrique (Fr.); thermogravimetry; thermal gravimetric analysis
Category:Materials database