nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Red sandstone

== Description ==
A soft, sandstone colored with red iron oxide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
grès rouge (Fr.); rode zandsteen (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 125
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Red silver

== Description ==
Common name used for the double sulfide of silver and antimony prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985). The mineral form is known as pyragyrite and it was also called ruby silver ore and dark red silver ore.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pyragyrite; silver antimony sulfide
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Red spruce

== Description ==
A strong tree, Picea rubens, that can grow to heights of 100 feet or more. Native to eastern North America, the red spruce was a major source of lumber for building construction in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was also used for piano sounding boards and for pulpwood. This tree was almost lost to overharvesting, but was protected by a government act in 1911 which purchased considerable land for national forests.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Picea rubens
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Color: creamy white, with a hint of yellow and/or red
* Grain/texture: fine, even texture, and a consistently straight grain
* Durability: slightly resistant to non-resistant to decay
==Working Properties==
* Easy to work, as long as there are no knots present.
* Glues and finishes well, though it can give poor (blotchy and inconsistent) results when being stained due to its closed pore structure
* A sanding sealer, gel stain, or toner is recommended when coloring Spruce.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Red spruce
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 759
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Red vitriol

== Description ==
Common name for hydrated cobalt sulfate used prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
red vitriol; cobalt sulfate
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Reducing bleach

== Description ==
A compound that reductively reacts with a colored substance rendering it colorless and/or soluble. Reducing bleaches are considered less destructive to fibers than oxidative bleaches. However, compounds bleached reductively can oxidize in air thus reverting to their prebleach color. 
Examples of reducing bleaches include:
sodium borohydride, tetramethylammonium borohydride, tetraethylammonium borohydride, sodium dithionite (sodium hydrosulfite); sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate (Blankit), sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate (Rongalite), titanium trichloride, titanium sulfate
Category:Materials database
Reduction

== Description ==
A chemical reaction that is the opposite of oxidation. In a reduction reaction, the reducing compound can :
1. accept one or more electrons from another compound 
2. remove oxygen from another compound 
3. add hydrogen to another compound. 
Reduction reactions occur during firing when there is insufficient oxygen for the fuel to combust completely thus forming carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon gases. Reduction firing will significantly affect the color of iron and copper containing glazes.
Category:Materials database
Redwood dye

== Description ==
1) A soluble red dye obtained brazilwood. 
2) An insoluble red dye from many varieties of trees, such as camwood (Baphia nitida - West Coast of Africa), barwood (Baphia nitida Lodd., Sierra Leone), narrawood (Philippines), caliatour wood (East Indies) and sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus, tropical Asia) can all be classified as insoluble Redwoods. They all contain santalin. Though they resemble Brazilwood, their dyes are much more stable and difficult to prepare. See sandalwood dye.
* See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Benishitan)]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
colorante de madera roja (Esp.); colorant à base de bois rouge (Fr.); sandalwood; camwood; barwood; caliaturwood; narrawood; sanderswood
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Hofenk-de Graaf, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, September 1969.
* Analytical strategies for natural dyestuffs in cultural heritage objects - EU-ARTECH European research project - http://www.organic-colorants.org
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* S. Grierson, The Colour Cauldron, Oliver McPherson Ltd., 1986
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 657
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
Category:Materials database
Redwood granite

== Description ==
Any of three granites quarried in Redwood County, Minnesota. 
1. medium-grain grayish-green biotite granite
2. medium-grain pale pink quartz diorite with gray and pink feldspar
3. banded granite gneiss with black biotite. 
These granites have been used for monuments and buildings.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Reed

== Description ==
The common name for any of several tall grasses, especially of the genera Phragmites or Arundo. The common reed, Phragmites communis, is native to marshes and wetlands in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Reed stalks have hollow, circular stems composed of soft bulky fibers. Small thin pieces of the stems have been used to make musical wind instruments. Fibers from the stalks are used for making baskets and paper pulp. The paper reed, Cyperus papyrus, used for ancient Egyptian papyrus, is actually a sedge type grass with a triangular stem.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
common reed; ditch reed; grass; carrizo (Esp.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Reemay

== Description ==
[Nonwoven Technologies] A registered trademark for a polyester spunbonded fabric. Reemay® is made from long continuous trilobal fibers of 100% Dacron. The trilobal fibers provide great strength, stability and uniformity than circular fibers. Rather than using heat, Reemay is air-bonded, which means there are no points to restrict airflow or impart a pattern. Reemay® fabrics are thermally and ultrasonically sealable; they contains no solvents or chemical binders. The fabric is resistant to chemicals, abrasion, and moisture. It is easy to cut and it does not ravel, fray, or produce dust. Reemay® is used for lining, interleaving, backing, and as a support when washing fragile materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
remay (Esp.)
== Applications ==
* Lining, Interleaving, drying
* Strong support
== Personal Risk ==
Reemay [SDS sheet]
== Other Properties ==
Resistant to solvents, oils, salt solutions, acids, alkalis. 
Moisture regain = 0.5%.
== Additional Information ==
Nonwoven Technologies: Product list
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Rachael Perkins Arenstein, Lisa Goldberg, and Eugenie Milroy, ‘Support and Rehousing for Collection Storage’ In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 
* Safe Plastics and Fabrics for Exhibit and Storage, Conserve O Gram 18/2, National Park Service, September 2010.
* Conservation Support Systems, Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Website address 1, Comment: AMOL reCollections Glossary: http://amol.org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
Category:Materials database
Reference material

== Description ==
A material of known properties or composition. References are used in analytical studies for the characterization of unknown substances. References are not synonymous with standards or controls. A standard is a reference material whose composition has been certified. A control is a sample used as a base material for the comparison of physical or chemical changes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
matériau de référence (Fr.); Referenzmaterial (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Reflected light

== Description ==
Light reflected off the surface of a material. Reflected light is observed by placing a light source and detector, such as a camera or human eye, on the same side of a material. Shiny materials produce mirror-like, or specular reflections in which the angle of reflection equals the incident angle. Matte material scatter light in diffuse reflections. Visually, reflected light can be used to detect surface morphology, gloss, and color. The quantity of reflected light is measured as the spectral reflectance, which is calculated as the ratio of the amount of reflected light to the amount of incident light at any given wavelength. It is plotted as a spectral reflectance curve.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
reflektiertes Licht (Deut.); lumière réfléchie (Fr.); reflection; reflectance; reflectivity; spectral reflectance
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, G113, 1371-1373, Sep-94
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* M.Derrick, D.Stulik, J.Landry, Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, in Scientific Tools for Conservation series, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectance (accessed Jan 6, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Reflective glass

== Description ==
A type of solar control glazing the reflects solar radiation while allowing most visible light to pass. Reflective glasses were first introduced in the 1960s. The coating is a hard thin, mirror-like metallic layer that is pyrolytically applied to the glass. Reflective glasses are different from the newer Low-E glass, in that they reflect some visible light and thus are not visually clear. Reflective glasses typically have IR Shading Coefficients from 0.46 - 0.65 (where 1.0 is complete transmission).
Category:Materials database
Refracted light

== Description ==
The change in angle of a light path as it passes from one medium into another with a different refractive index. The amount of deflection is proportional to the ration of the refractive indices of the two media. Refraction causes a straight object, like a pencil, appear to bend and the interface of two mediums, such as air (refractive index = 1.00) and water (refractive index=1.33). Refraction is responsible for rainbows and for dispersing white light into the spearate colors as it passes through a prism.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
refraction; refraktion (Dan.); gebrochenes Licht (Deut.); refracción (Esp.); lumière réfractée (Fr.); rifrazione (It.); lichtbreking (Ned.); refração (Port.) 
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Refractive index

== Description ==
The ability of a material to deflect light. The refractive index is a ratio obtained by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light as it passes through through the material. The refractive index of a material, such as a pigment, gives an indication of its color value and hiding power.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
refr index; ref. index; RI; Brechungsindex (Deut.); indice de réfraction (Fr.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* water=1.33
* glass=1.50
* linseed oil=1.57
* zinc oxide=2.00
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Refractory material

== Description ==
Any non-metallic material able to maintain its physical structure at high temperatures. Refractory materials must have a melting point above 1580 degrees Centigrade. Examples of refractory materials include asbestos, bricks, and many ceramics. Refractory materials are used in furnaces and kilns for the manufacture of glass, ceramics, and many metal products.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
refractory clay
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Resistant to thermal shock
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "refractory." Accessed 7 Sept. 2005 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Regal Blue marble

== Description ==
A blue marble with white veins quarried in Cherokee County, North Carolina (Lent 1925). Regal Blue ranges in color from a light to medium to dark blue. The calcite veins are not present in all the stones. it has been used for interior decoration and monuments.
==Resources and Citations==
* F.Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries, Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925.
Category:Materials database
Regalrez hydrocarbon resins

== Description ==
[Eastman formerly Loos and Dillworth] A registered trademark of Hercules for a series of low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins. All types are produced by polymerization and hydrogenation of pure monomer hydrocarbon feedstocks. They are advertised as highly stable, light colored, low molecular weight resin suggested for use in plastics modification, adhesives, coatings, sealants, and caulks.
* Regalrez™ 1018 a nonpolar hydrocarbon resin. Tech Data
* Regalrez 1085 hydrocarbon resin. Tech Data
* Regalrez® 1094 is a hydrogenated oligomer of styrene and alpha-methyl styrene. Regalrez 1094 is the base material in both Gamvar Picture varnish and UVS Finishing varnish. It contains no added antioxidants or UV stabilizers. Tech Data
* Regalrez™ 1126 hydrocarbon resin highly resistant to yellowing. Regalrez 1126 contains no added antioxidants or UV stabilizers. Tech Data
* Regalrez 3102 hydrocarbon resin. Tech Data
* Regalrez™ 6108 hydrocarbon resin containing both cycloaliphatic and aromatic resins. Tech data
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Regalrez 1094; Gamvar Picture varnish; UVS Finishing varnish;
==Resources and Citations==
* Eastman: Regalrez Hydrocarbon Resins
* Hans Piena, 'Regalrez in Furniture Conservation', JAIC 2001, Volume 40, Number 1, Article 5 (pp. 59 to 68) Link
* J.Whitten, R.Proctor, "Recently Introduced Low Molecular Weight Resin Varnishes" AIC Painting Conservation Catalog, Varnishes and Surface Coatings, p.109, 1998.
* Paintings Specialty Group, Paintings Specialty Group, Painting Conservation Catalog, Wendy Samet (ed.), AIC, Washington, DC, 1998
* 20th Century Materials, Testing and Textile Conservation, 9th symposium, Harpers Ferry Regional, 1988
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Website: www.herc.cgi-bin.Product2_query.idc
Category:Materials database
Regenerated cellulose

== Description ==
A cellulose fiber prepared by chemical processing. Regenerated cellulose fibers can be prepared from wood chips. Examples of regenerated cellulose are cellophane, viscose rayon, and cuprammonium rayon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
celulosa regenerada (Esp.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Hutchins "Regenerated Cellulosics: Their Fabrication and Finishing before 1940" ICOM preprints, Copenhagen, pp.19-21, 1984.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 167
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Register

== Description ==
1) An adjustable grill-like device used at the opening of an air duct. Registers are used to regulate the flow of heated or cooled air to an interior room.
2) The alignment of corresponding printing plates or superimposition of multiple colors in a printed image.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1: diffuser; registo (Port.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Regulus

== Description ==
Originally used for impure gold. Later, alchemists used the name regulus for antimony since it readily formed an amalgam with gold. By the 1900s, regulus was used for an impure product obtained from ore smelting and has at times been used to refer specifically to just the residual impurities and slag. Regulus of antimony now refers to pure antimony while regulus of Venus refers to a violet color alloy of antimony and copper (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
regulus of antimony; regulus of Venus; Regulus (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Reina Sofia

Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía - Madrid (National Mmuseum Art Centre Reina Sofia - Madrid) 
= Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía - Madrid (National Museum Art Centre Reina Sofía - Madrid) =
The Museo Reina Sofia, an autonomous organisation depending on the Spanish Ministry of Culture, was created by Royal Decree in May 1988. With its headquarters in San Carlos Hospital, the Collection was made up of works conserved at the time by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art. On 10 September 1992, their Majesties King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia inaugurated the Permanent Collection of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, which until then had only held temporary exhibitions. Now a bona fide museum, its goals – as set forth in the aforementioned decree – were to conserve, expand and exhibit its collections; to promote the general public’s knowledge of and access to contemporary art in its various manifestations; to hold exhibitions at the international level, and to offer training, educational and assessment activities related to its holdings.
Web Address 	http://www.museoreinasofia.es/coleccion/restauracion
Postal Address 	Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
Departamento de Conservación-Restauración
Santa Isabel 52 
28012 MADRID (Spain)
Phone 	+34 91 7741000
Contact 	restauracion@museoreinasofia.es
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research /Conservation/Training
Website Languages	Spanish
English
Category:Directory
Reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete

==Description== 
A lightweight, inexpensive, ‘bubbly’ form of concrete masonry blocks and pre-cast panels commonly used in construction between the 1950s and mid-1990s. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is made with fine aggregates, cement, and an expansion agent that produces concrete containing 80 percent air. The mixture is poured into molds with a steel reinforcement (RAAC) network, left to rise, then "baked' with high heat, steam and pressure to complete the chemical curing process. The initial result was a lightweight material with excellent sound and thermal insulation, and like all cement-based materials, was strong and fire resistant. However, with age, RAAC has been found to have poor load-bearing ability and weak bonding with its embedded metal reinforcement. 
RAAC pre-cast panels were predominantly used in in roofs (commonly flat roofs, sometimes pitched) and occasionally in floors and walls. The panels are light-grey or white in appearance, with a smooth, paintable surface. The inside of the planks will appear bubbly, often described as looking like an Aero bar. Unlike traditional concrete, there will not be visible stones (coarse aggregate) in the panels. The panels have distinctive V-shaped grooves at at the connection points (every 600 mm). A bituminous or latex coating was sometimes added as a water barrier.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
RAAC; Reinforced AAC
 
==Risks== 
* Cracking and spalling 
* Load-bearing failure
* Corrosion of metal reinforcements
* Movement and deflections of panels
==Forms and Sizes==
* Typically 600 mm wide panels
==Resources and Citations==
* Conservation Distlist: RAAC concrete thread Accessed August 2023
* Department of Education (UK): RAAC: Government Identification guide
* Structural-Safety: Failure of RAAC
* Wikipedia: Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Accessed August 2023
Category:Materials database