nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Liquidate

To liquidate means to sell all of a company's assets, pay its outstanding debts, and distribute the remainder to shareholders, and then go out of business.
In the financial markets, to liquidate refers to a broker selling his or her customer's securities after the customer has failed to meet a margin call. 
It can also mean to convert assets into cash.
In futures trading, when a trader exits or offsets a long position, they are liquidating a long position. Similarly, when a trader exits a short position, they are covering shorts, though this is also considered liquidation. When an entire account's positions are to be offset, the positions are said to be liquidated. 
== Liquidation Value ==
In a futures account, the bottom line value of all cash, open futures positions and long and short options positions, marked to the market, is referred to as the liquidation value of the account.
ALSO SEE: Bankruptcy
== References ==
Category:Market Terms
Category:Definitions
Liquidity

The classic definition of liquidity involves the ability to convert an asset into cash quickly and without any price discounting. In the financial markets, particularly for exchange-traded contracts, stocks, etc., liquidity refers to the ease with which buyers and sellers can trade into and out of positions quickly and without having large price effects. A liquid security can undergo a high volume of trading without a significant change in price.
Associated with liquidity is the concept of the 'spread' which is the difference between the bid and offer price quoted by market makers. The bid price is what the market maker will pay for your shares if you want to sell them. The offer is the price at which you can buy them from him or her. 
Large, liquid, stocks have narrow spreads. Small, illiquid, stocks have wide spreads.
== Resources ==
*FUTURES LIQUIDITY, Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities, Feb., 2008
*"The Wonders of Liquidity, David Blitzer, Journal of Indexes
*"Will Gold Rise Still, When the Next Shock Hits? Does Liquidity Mean Confidence?" Julian D.W. Phillips, Kitco Commentaries, Sept. 7, 2007
*"Liquidity in the computerised market," Ajay Shah
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
LiquidityEdge

LiquidityEdge is an "alternative" trading platform that controls about 5% of electronic U.S. Treasuries trading.
Its market structure allows its clients to choose between one-to-one or many-to-many models, facilitating a combination of anonymous and/or disclosed streaming executable prices. 
LiquidityEdge also launched the first fully electronic aggregated streaming service for off-the-run U.S. Treasuries. 
== History ==
LiquidityEdge was established in 2015.
In August 2019, MarketAxess Holdings Inc., the dominant online corporate bond-trading marketplace, announced it had agreed to acquire LiquidityEdge for $100 million in cash and $50 million in stock.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*David Rutter, Founder and Owner
*Nichola Hunter, Chief Executive Officer
== References ==
LiquidityHub

LiquidityHub is a bank-sponsored platform designed to boost the electronic trading of government bonds and related instruments. The platform went live on October 22, 2007, with its first product, euro interest-rate swaps. The platform, which was established last year and is backed by 16 banks, plans to add trading in U.S. dollar interest-rate swaps and U.S. Treasuries before the end of 2007.
The LiquidityHub platform is designed to aggregate orders and market data from participating banks, before passing the information on to their customers through financial intermediaries and electronic distribution channels.
LiquidityHub illustrates how the battle for trading liquidity that is raging in other asset classes, particularly equities, has entered the fixed-income arena.
This battle has seen the formation of numerous "dark liquidity pools" that allow transactions to take place on private inter-bank or intra-bank platforms, in competition with exchanges and other traditional marketplaces.
Robert MacLeod, chief executive of LiquidityHub, indicates that the company has been working with "the world's leading banks in fixed income" for more more than a year to create a change in the way interest-rate swaps and government bonds are traded. "While other financial markets and asset classes have moved towards an electronic environment, the interest-rate swaps market has remained under-developed," MacLoed says. 
As of October 15, 2007, the banks that own LiquidityHub are ABN AMRO, Bank of
America, Barclays Capital, BNP Paribas, Calyon, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank,
Goldman Sachs, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Morgan
Stanley, RBS, Societe Generale Corporate & Investment Banking, and UBS.
The market for all interest-rate derivatives is by far the largest derivatives market, with a notional value of almost $350,000bn contracts outstanding at the half-year in 2007, according to ISDA, the global derivatives trade body.
The company plans to introduce trading of European government bonds next year, in what will be a direct challenge to MTS, the Europe-wide bond platform on which most of such debt is traded.
== References ==
*
*
LiquidityPort

LiquidityPort Alternative Trading System (ATS) is a fully electronic institutional marketplace for U.S. exchange-listed futures and options, designed exclusively for brokerage firms, CTAs, hedge funds and other institutional traders seeking liquidity and transparency in block trading. It is owned by LiquidityPort LLC, which is registered with the National Futures Association (NFA) as a Member and Independent Introducing Broker (IB) and has filed notice with the CFTC to operate as an Exempt Commercial Market (ECM). It has “Request for Quote” (RFQ) capability that facilitates on-demand streaming executable pricing from liquidity providers.
It will submit all trades to the established exchange clearing house for clearing and settlement. 
== History ==
LiquidityPort is a privately held venture founded in 2007.
== Products and Services ==
On December 10, 2008, LiquidityPort, LLC announced the launch of a fully Electronic OTC Brokerage Platform for all NYMEX Clearport products, including Blocks, EFPs, EFSs, and Options. The platform will support Request for Quote (RFQ) and Bulletin Board Trading on all NYMEX ClearPort products. All transactions will be electronically reported and centrally cleared on NYMEX Clearport.
== Key People ==
*Peter Maragos, Chief Executive Officer
== References ==
Category: alternative Trading Systems
Liquidity Direct Technology

__NOTOC__
Liquidity Direct Technology is an options and spread trading platform that the CME acquired in January 2004. It was founded by Neal Brady, currently a managing partner of Third Stone Venture Partners.
== Background ==
He was previously a director of products and services technology at the CME.
At CME, he was responsible for CME Group international partnerships in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America as well as CME Group strategic partnering in OTC markets. He also served on the board of directors of Imarex Group. 
Before joining the CME, Brady was Founder and CEO of Liquidity Direct Technology, an options and spread trading platform that CME acquired in January 2004.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Liquidity Offset Network

Liquidity Offset Network (LON) is a digital asset clearinghouse for cryptocurrency derivatives.
== Background ==
The creation of the Liquidity Offset Network began in April 2019. Hoe Lon Leng, an ex-Goldman Sachs executive invited two dozen guests to Sentosa Island in Singapore to discuss the creation of a framework for the crypto derivatives markets. The guests included traders from Galaxy Digital and Circle. The group discussed trading bilateral derivatives and the lack of standardization of derivatives contracts in the cryptocurrency markets, among other issues. The group decided to create a central counterparty clearinghouse for crypto derivatives called the Liquidity Offset Network. The group originally planned the clearinghouse to launch that July, but did not launch until January 2020.
== Products and Services ==
=== OTSafe ===
The Liquidity Offset Network runs a central counterparty clearing service for OTC cryptocurrency trading called OTSafe. At time of launch (January 2020), LedgerX's LedgerPrime, as well as Singaporean trading firm QCP Capital had already begun using the service. OTSafe provides credit risk and collateral management services. The service also provides matching, valuation, risk, and margin calculation tools for digital assets. When it launched, OTSafe's CEO Simon Nursey said he hoped that the service would help improve the nascent cryptocurrency options markets. "With the launch of OTSafe we hope to give the market one of the tools in needs to achieve that potential," he said. 
According to the company's website, OTSafe also allows trading parties to allow trade closure with any counterparty through netting, which is a method of reducing risk by calculating the difference between what each party owes to the other party(s) involved with the trade, then paying out the difference instead of the original amounts involved in the trade.
== Key People ==
*Simon Nursey, CEO of OTSafe
*Bob de Groot, Europe and USA Head of Distribution & Strategy 
*Chung Khye, Head of Operations 
*Joseph Lee, Head of Technology & Execution
== References ==
Category:Clearinghouses
Category:Crypto Clearinghouses
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Lisa Causarano

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa Causarano is in business development at EOXLive, a subsidiary of OTC Global Holdings. 
== Background ==
Causarano began her career as a speech-writer and research analyst in the California Attorney General’s Office. After working on the 1998 California gubernatorial campaign, Causarano started working for Western Growers Association, where she became one of the youngest registered lobbyists in California at the time. Following this, Causarano moved to Washington, D.C. where she worked with international produce firms on marketing efforts for United Fresh Produce Association. In 2004, she left D.C. to work on the business development desk of ICAP Energy, an international energy brokerage firm. While in this capacity, Lisa brokered natural gas and Nitrogen and Sulfur Oxide emission credits, where she served as the only female emissions broker in the country at the time. She was also instrumental in creating the U.S. energy industry’s first of its kind electronic brokering platform. Causarano also worked on marketing initiatives at the International Derivatives Clearing Group in Chicago before moving back to Louisville in 2009. Today, Causarano serves as the Director of Market Data for EOX, a subsidiary company of the OTC Global Holdings group of companies. 
She is also a member of the Women In Listed Derivatives' Steering Committee.
== Education ==
Causarano obtained an MBA from the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and a Masters in Global Management from Thunderbird School of Global Management. She completed her undergraduate studies at UC Davis with degrees in sociology and psychology.
== Resources ==
LinkedIn Profile
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:EOXLive
Category:EOXLive
Category:Former IDCG
Lisa J. Fall

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa J. Fall is president, chief legal officer and secretary of BOX. She also is president of BOX’s SRO, BOX Options Exchange LLC. She was appointed to that post in April 2015. She first joined BOX in May 2006, and was most recently executive vice president as well as chief legal officer and corporate secretary.
== Background ==
Before joining BOX, Lisa worked for Fidelity Investments in the areas of trading, legal, and risk.
She also served on the NASDAQ OMX BX BOXR board of directors from 2008 to 2012. 
== Education ==
Fall has a bachelor's degree in Political Science and Political Philosophy from Syracuse University and a Juris Doctor from Suffolk University Law School.
==References==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Boston Options Exchange
Lisa Jackson

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa Jackson was named as head of the Environmental Protection Agency by president-elect Barack Obama in December 2008. 
She also is former commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and became chief of staff to New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine starting in December 2008. 
A native of New Orleans, she spent 16 years at the US EPA in Washington and in the EPA regional office in New York before being hired at the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in 2002. Jackson was named head of the department in 2006 by Gov. Jon Corzine, which has the most hazardous waste sites in the country. She left in December 2008 to take a job as Corzine's chief of staff.
After taking the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection post in February 2006, Jackson worked to pass mandatory reductions in greenhouse gases, reform the state's cleanup of contaminated sites and establish a scientific advisory board to review agency decisions.
Jackson was New Jersey's representative on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative cap-and-trade program for 10 Middle Atlantic and northeastern states.
Jackson was also criticized for not doing enough to clean up New Jersey while heading up that office. She is credited with for encouraging New Jersey to put a moratorium on new coal plants. But industry also complimented her for using private companies to clean up contaminated sites in the state.
Jackson could take on a prominent role in the Obama administration if he appoints the EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as part of the Clean Air Act. 
== Background ==
== Education ==
Jackson earned a master’s degree in chemical engineering from Princeton University. She is a summa cum laude graduate of Tulane University’s School of Chemical Engineering. 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Lisa Jones

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa Jones is the chief compliance officer and a principal of Advantage Futures. 
== Background ==
Before joining Advantage, Jones worked in compliance at subsidiaries of Fuji Bank Ltd., including serving as Chief Compliance Officer of Fuji Futures Inc. 
She began her career in 1990 at Lind-Waldock & Company, a registered futures commission merchant, where she served as Compliance Officer. 
In 1995 she joined the Bank of Montreal and Harris Bank as the U.S. Treasury Compliance Manager. Here her main responsibility was to oversee U.S. Treasury actvities, including exchange trade and over the counter (OTC) markets.
== Education ==
Jones holds a BBA from Loyola University of Chicago, and maintains licenses for Series: 3, 7, and 24.
== Registration Information ==
*
== References ==	
Category:Compliance Officers
Category:Lind-Waldock - Former Employees
Category:Advantage Futures
Lisa M. Noller

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa M. Noller is a litigation partner in government enforcement, compliance and white collar crime at Foley & Lardner LLP in Chicago. In addition to handling business and securities cases, Noller also works on the health care, medical devices, and life sciences industry teams at the firm. She joined Foley & Lardner in 2010. She is also a lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School and an adjunct professor at both Loyola Law School and DePaul Law School.
== Background ==
Noller was an assistant United States attorney in Chicago, working on investigations with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). From 2007 to 2010, she was a deputy chief at the U.S. Attorney General's Office, including work in the financial crimes and special prosecutions division. For three years prior to that, Noller investigated health care fraud in the civil division of the office.
== John Lothian News Interview ==
Noller spoke with John Lothian News (JLN) web content editor Nicole V. Rohr about the passing of final SEC whistleblower rules. Among other things, Noller explains what companies should prepare for the SEC following a whistle blower complaint by an employee. Published Aug. 30, 2011.
== Education ==
*J.D., University of Chicago Law School, 1995
*B.A., cum laude, Political Science and International Studies, Boston College, 1992
== Awards ==
*2009 Mitch Mars Prosecutorial Excellence Award, Chicago Crime Commission
*2008 Leadership Greater Chicago Fellow
*2007 Director's Award for Superior Performance as an Assistant U.S. Attorney
== Resources ==
*SEC Issues Final Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Rules
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Whistleblower Regulation
Category:Foley & Lardner
Lisa Rosen

__NOTOC__ 
Lisa Rosen is the group head of compliance and public affairs at LCH.Clearnet. She is responsible for regulatory issues and lobbying at the London-based clearing house.
== Background ==
Rosen was previously a managing director and the global head of regulatory affairs at Barclays Capital in London, beginning in 2009. Prior to that, she worked for Merrill Lynch for 10 years, most recently serving as the first vice president and head of litigation and contentious regulatory matters for Europe, the Middle East & Africa (EMEA).
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:LCH.Clearnet
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Lisk (LSK)

Using sidechains, Lisk is an application development platform that supports JavaScript. Lisk is based on the largely defunct Crypti platform. 
LSK is Lisk's minable native coin that uses delegated proof of stake. 
LSK had a market capitalization of $132,941,137 on February 8, 2019 according to CoinMarketCap, a cryptocurrency statistics reporter and aggregator. It was ranked the 38th largest cryptocurrency.
== References ==
Category:Coins
Category:Needs Updating
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
List of Presidents and Chairmen of NYSE

This is a list of presidents and chairman of the New York Stock Exchange.
PRESIDENTS
*1817 - 1818 Anthony Stockholm
*1818 - 1824 G. S. Mumford
*1824 - 1827 Edward Lyde
*1827 - 1830 James W. Bleecker
*1830 - 1831 Russell H. Nevins
*1831 - 1834 John Ward
*1834 - 1835 R. D. Weeks
*1835 - 1836 Edward Prime
*1836 - 1837 R. D. Weeks
*1837 - 1851 David Clarkson
*1851 - 1852 Henry G. Stebbins
*1852 - 1857 Charles R. Marvin	
*1857 - 1858 John R. Gourlie
*1858 - 1859 Henry G. Stebbins
*1859 - 1861 William H. Neilson
*1861 - 1862 W. R. V8ermilye
*1862 - 1863 Abraham B. Baylis
*1863 - 1864 Henry G. Stebbins
*1864 - 1865 William Seymour, Jr.
*1865 - 1866 R. L. Cutting
*1866 - 1867 William Alexander Smith
*1866 - 1867 William Alexander Smith
*1867 - 1868 John Warren
*1868 - 1869 William Searls	
*1869 - 1870 William H. Neilson
*1870 - 1871 William Seymour, Jr.
*1871 - 1872 William B. Clerke
*1872 - 1873 Edward King
*1873 - 1874 Henry G. Chapman
*1874 - 1875 George H. Brodhead
*1875 - 1876 George W. McLean
*1876 - 1877 Salem T. Russell
*1877 - 1878 Henry Meigs
*1878 - 1880 Brayton Ives
*1880 - 1882 Donald Mackay
*1882 - 1883 Frederick N. Lawrence	
*1883 - 1884 Alfrederick S. Hatch
*1884 - 1886 J. Edward Simmons
*1886 - 1888 James D. Smith
*1888 - 1890 William L. Bull
*1890 - 1892 Watson B. Dickerman
*1892 - 1894 Frank K. Sturgis
*1894 - 1898 Francis L. Eames
*1898 - 1903 Rudolph Keppler
*1903 - 1904 Ransom H. Thomas
*1904 - 1907 Henry K. Pomroy
*1907 - 1912 Ransom H. Thomas
*1912 - 1914 James B. Mabon
 			
*1914 - 1919 Henry G. S. Noble
*1919 - 1921 William R. Remick
*1921 - 1924 Seymour L. Cromwell
*1924 - 1930 Edward H. H. Simmons
*1930 - 1935 Richard Whitney
*1935 - 1938 Charles R. Gay
*1938 - 1941 William McC. Martin, Jr.1
*1941 - 1951 Emil Schram
*1951 - 1967 G. Keith Funston
*1967 - 1972 Robert W. Haack	
There was no president appointed 
between May 1972 and May 1980.
*1980 - 1984 John J. Phelan, Jr.
*1985 - 1988 Robert J. Birnbaum
*1988 - 1995 Richard A. Grasso
*1996 - 2001 William R. Johnston		
== References ==
Category:NYSE
Category:NYSE Euronext
Listed

Listed refers to securities like stocks, bonds and derivatives that are quoted and traded publicly on an exchange open to the public. Listed securities are preferred by some investors over those dealt over the counter (OTC) because their trading is regulated by the SEC and prices can be determined more transparently and accurately.
== Clear, Liquid == 
Tradable securities listed on an exchange are generally more liquid than OTC securities because pricing and sales quotations are considered fairer and more accurate since the exchange posts them in regularly. Exchanges also publish quarterly and annual balance sheets for their listed companies to help investors make buying or selling decisions. Equity and debt securities are usually listed on stock exchanges like the NYSE while listed futures and options contracts are traded on derivatives exchanges like the CME or CBOE. 
== Delisted ==
Listed securities can also be removed from a public trading exchange if their issuers don't comply with the exchange's requirements, a process called delisting. Securities can be delisted for, among other reasons, failing to meet minimum price requirements or if its issuer does not produce financial statements or results that meet the exchange's listing criteria. These secuities can continue trading on the OTC market.
== References ==
Lita Frazier

__NOTOC__ 
Lita Frazier is vice president, government relations for the Chicago Board Options Exchange. She leads CBOE's government relations at the federal, state and local levels. She joined CBOE in 2006.
== Background ==
Before being hired by CBOE, Frazier headed the Washington office of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and spent 14 years in various roles for the CME, including helping coordinate its political action committee's Washington activities. 
== Education ==
Frazier received a bachelor of arts degree from George Washington University. 
== References ==	
Category:Bios - CBOE
Category:CBOE
Livevol

Livevol is a financial technology company providing trade execution, data, custom analytics including consolidated feed, real-time programmable analysis and scanning historical files and back testing, real-time decision support and other web services. Livevol is a subsidiary of CBOE Holdings and offers suite of products 
== History ==
Livevol, with offices in Chicago and San Francisco, offers a range of technology and data solutions including a consolidated feed, real-time programmatic analysis and scanning, historical files and back testing, real-time decision support, flat files, XML web services, web components, custom development and consulting. 
CBOE Holdings, Inc. acquired Livevol's market data services and trading analytics platforms, completing the deal on August 7, 2015. CBOE Holdings purchased the Livevol Core, Livevol Pro and Livevol X trading analytics platforms, as well as other market data solutions products. Livevol Securities, Inc., the company's broker-dealer unit, was not included in the deal. 
In March 2017, CBOE Livevol sold off its execution platform, Livevol X, to Sterling Trading Tech. 
== Products and Services ==
Livevol offers a front-end trading system for options trading designed by market makers and traders, called Livevol Pro. It is a web-based trading tool that offers a full range of data, calculations, alerts and visualizations. The firm also offers a variety of data solutions that cover consolidated feeds, real-time analysis and scanning, historic files and backtesting, real-time decision support as well as web components. Custom development and consulting services are also available.
In April 2013 Livevol launched LV-Argus, a market surveillance and monitoring tool for listed equity options markets. Users of LV-Argus allows for the scanning of Livevol's real-time database for unusual trading patterns, locked and crossed markets and other order flow details, as well as the ability to provide transaction cost analysis (TCA), implied volatility, and other price information. 
== Key People ==
*Catherine Clay, Chief Executive Officer
*Stefen Choy, Chief Operating Officer
*Sergey Kucher, Chief Technology Officer
*Joe Minton, Managing Director of Institutional Trading
*Bryan Stuart, Chief Financial Officer
== Resources ==
*Livevol Options Blog
== References ==
Category:Independent Software Vendors
Category:Options Technology Provider
Category:Livevol