nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
20 kuden of Shozan Kubota

The 20 Kuden are a set of 20 oral transmissions which help the student to understand the applications of a kata. They were detailed in the book "Hidden Karate: The true bunkai for the Heian katas and Naihanchi" by the author Gennosuke HigakiAuthor: Gennosuke Higaki Title: "Hidden Karate: The true bunkai for the Heian katas and Naihanchi" Published: 2006 ISBN: 4-902481-96-0. The author's name is a pen name and the real name of the author is currently unknown, however he reports himself to have been a student of Sensei Shozan Kubota who was a direct student of Gichin Funakoshi. The Kuden reportedly originated with Funakoshi and were passed on to the author by Kubota.
==The Kuden==
# Countering
## The blocking hand becomes the attacking hand.
# Immobilize the opponent before striking.
# The names of movements have been disguised.
## Originally there were no names for movements. These were added later after karate had been introduced to Japan.
# There are no techniques that end with a block.
## There is always a counter attack.
# Block with both hands.
# Grabbing hand and pulling hand
## Grabbing and pulling are integral components of karate.
# The front hand is the attacking hand.
# Perform movements that consist of two counts in one count.
# Switch step (fumi kae)
## The steps in kata are walking gait, the use of the techniques may use a switch step.
# Kicks are performed low while grabbing the opponent.
# There is only one opponent, to the front of you.
# Hang the opponent to the sky
## Forearm twist in Aikido.
# Reblock and Regrip.
## shut down the opponent's attack.
# Take the opponent's back
## Move outside to the back of the opponent.
# Crossed leg stance signifies body rotation or a joint kick.
# Jumps and body shifts represent throws.
# Break the balance in a triangle whose base is the base of the opponent's feet.
# Meoto te
## Use both hands together
# Cut the forearm
# The kamae is an invitation
## When one knows where an attack will happen it is easier to counter.
==Observations==
Many of the kuden relate to combat rather than specifically to kata.
==Notes about the book==
The book was published in 2006, some 5 years after Seikichi Toguchi's book which revealed the existence of Kaisai no genri. The author is clearly aware of it and of Kenwa Mabuni's statements with respect to how the angles within kata can be used, he states the similarity of the kuden to these rule sets. There are certainly some correlations with Kenwa Mabuni and Kaisai no genri.
It is likely that in the original Japanese language version of the book the word "uke" was used instead of "block". Uke does not mean block, it means to receive, or receiving.
== References ==
Category:Katapedia
Category:Rules
About

Katapedia is an attempt to create a public area where the most probable primary applications for Karate katas can be recorded and viewed.
== License ==
All contributions, files etc are only acceptable under a Creative Commons license. The current license applied to all files and textual pages in the wiki is the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license allows copying of all material, modification of all material and even commercial use of all material as long as there is an attribution.
Category:Katapedia
About Katapedia

== What is Katapedia ==
Katapedia is a wiki site where information, theories and suppositions about kata generally and especially the fighting aspects of kata can be referenced and written collaboratively.
The software it uses is the same as Wikipedia (though there is no relationship to the Wikimedia Foundation), so any page or article can be edited, or created directly in place by anyone. All the changes are recorded in the page history which means that all edits can be reversed, fixed or improved later so there should be no fear of making edits and changes where you think a page is not accurate.
== The why ==
There are many widespread myths, rumours and misconceptions about the nature and use of kata and the applications of kata. There are equally very informative sources which are little known and overlooked and indeed sometimes very difficult to find, particularly in the west. The site was created to bring many disparate sources of information which have been written or published about kata and kata applications to a point where it can be easily referenced.
== The way ==
The aim of the site is to produce a gradually and continuously improving resource available to anyone with an interest in kata. Thereby promoting good information and gradually dispelling myths. The primary users are likely to be but certainly not limited to karate practitioners.
== Hosting ==
Katapedia was originally hosted by mwzip.com, a specialist MediaWiki hosting company who provide both free and paid for wiki hosting services. Their service has since shut down and the wiki has been moved to shoutwiki.com instead, a company who also provide mediawiki hosting.
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Category:Katapedia
General disclaimer

== Content disclaimer == 
The material in this wiki is provided freely and while we do attempt to make sure the material in this wiki is correct and legal, it's possible there may be errors and omissions, it's also possible copyrighted material has been uploaded in error. If you find such an error or omission, please simply correct it. If you find copyrighted material which has been added or uploaded in error, again you can rectify the error immediately but please also indicate in the edit log the reason for the change.
== Applicability and safety disclaimer ==
There are also no guarantees that any of the methods described in this wiki will work for you. There is also no guarantee that the methods you find here will not harm you physically, mentally or emotionally. Martial arts are skills which are inherently dangerous, can take years of practise to learn and therefore should always be practised in the presence of and under the supervision of experienced practitioners.
Category:Katapedia
Inclusion criteria

== Application inclusion criteria ==
It should be your application, or if you have seen a published example produced by someone else then it is courteous to include a link to the example or embed a video such as you have seen on Youtube.
* In general it should follow the rules of thumb such as those described by Kenwa Mabuni, and as are described in Kaisai no genri. This isn't strictly necessary but kata do seem to follow these rules of thumb.
* It should match all of the body movements in the section of kata it covers. Unexplained movements or "dead" movements are not very good explanations of the meaning of the sequence.
* It should be practical. This is also subjective, but ABC attacks are highly unlikely.
** An ABC attack requires the attacker to use technique A, then technique B then with technique C in sequence before it will match the kata movements. In general it seems that kata "do things" to the opponent and simply take account of the opponent's natural physical reactions; this might be a flinch, or doubling over after a punch, they don't generally require active interaction with the opponent.
== Other material ==
Where there is material referenced, quoted or included (as fair use) from other sources, then a reference should be added to allow readers to check the primary source. This means the use of inline citations with <ref> </ref> and <references /> tags.
; Books
: Author, title, year of publishing, publisher and ISBN should be included where available.
; Web site
: Link to the page, and page title should be included. A date is also useful, often web sites change and links become broken.
=== RefNeeded macro ===
If you find some material which looks like it references some external sources, like quotations, books etc but which doesn't include a reference to the original source then please add a {{RefNeeded}} macro to indicate it should include the sources.
Category:Katapedia
Kenwa Mabuni

Kenwa Mabuni explained in his book Kobo Kenpo Karatedo Nyumon that the line of performance of a kata is very important.
He wrote that when turning to face a new direction in kata it does not represent turning to face a new opponent. Instead, giving the examples of the first movements of the Pinan katas to the left and to the right, he describes that the angles they turn to indicate that when attacked from the front, you can evade to the left or the right of the opponent to put yourself into an advantageous position to defend yourself.
This means that the angle taken by the kata indicates the angle you should take with respect to the opponent in order to make the technique or drill sequence function correctly. i.e. It is the angle of attack.
Note that this would only apply to the initial movement of the drill sequence. Following movements would likely change the position of the opponent. More details and the full quotation can be found at the references below.Kenwa Mabuni, Kobo Kenpo Karatedo NyumonJoe Swift, Wisdom from the Past: Tidbits on Kata Applications from Pre-War Karate Books. Part One, http://seinenkai.com/articles/swift/swift-tidbits1.htmlJoe Swift, Fighting Arts BB thread, http://www.fightingarts.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=printthread&Board=10&main=8683&type=thread
==Copernican movement==
The turning movement then indicated by kata at the beginning of a drill sequence, is indicating a form of Copernican movement, which puts the opponent in the centre and moves the practitioner (tori) round the opponent (uke). In the case of head movement, with the head always looking at uke, turns of the head then indicate that tori should move until uke is in the indicated position.
== References ==
Note: The Seinenkai web site no longer exists.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Rules
Naihanchi Katas

The Naihanchi katas form the basis for much of the shuri-te karate, but other than the fact that they were often the first katas taught to students, we really know very little about them. They are typically taught as the first or beginner katas.
It is theorized that:
* The three katas were originally a single form and this seems reasonable.
* It is based on an earlier Chinese kung-fu form, which again is reasonable given the name, but we don't know what that form is or if it's still practised.
* The katas were designed for combat on the raised ridges between paddy fields, on boats, against walls etc. While the Naihanchi embusen is unique among Okinawan katas, these reasons are probably apocryphal.
== Variants ==
Naihanchi is a kata that suffers a fair bit from information corruption and "drift". Every school of karate based on shuri-te has it's own variant, and they all differ slightly. Some variants have clearly been modified more than others to include additional applications beyond the drill sequences. In particular the stance varies. In some styles they use the naihanchi stance, other styles use kiba-dachi (horse stance), and yet others use heiko-dachi (natural stance) and others shiko-dachi. The most common appears to be kiba-dachi. Very clearly then, the specific stance doesn't matter, as long as it exhibits similar general principles. Some styles however have modified their kata to the point that common oyo bunkai wouldn't work as normally performed.
Category:Kata
Category:Katapedia
Category:Naihanchi
Naihanchi Shodan moves 1-4 application one

== Notes ==
Simple elbow strike to the head..
== Sequence ==
 -> -> -> 
== Description ==
# The opponent begins in front of you holding your right forearm or wrist with his left hand.
# The head and embusen turn to the right indicates turning your body anti clockwise until you are facing in a similar direction to the opponent on his left hand side. This is somewhat confusing aspect of the Naihanchi embusen.
# As you step across you are now stepping behind the opponent. Some styles simply use the kiba-dachi stance to break his balance on his left leg, some explicitly stamp on the leg.
## Without this balance breaking, the pull of your left hand will not pull him down far enough.
# Simultaneously, using your left hand, pull his left hand from your right and pull it to your hip.
# Also simultaneously, bring your right, now released arm up over the opponent's left and place your hand behind his head.
## Note that many/most styles add a strike to the neck area at this point because your arm is travelling in that direction unopposed anyway. With the positioning of the opponent, the strike is with the forearm, not the hand.
# Strike with the left elbow to the opponent's head with mawashi-empi-uchi, pulling his head into contact using your right hand.
# The result should be unconsciousness or similar.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Naihanchi
Naihanchi Shodan moves 10-18 application one

== Notes ==
Similar "chicken wing" arm lock application to the previous section but operating on an opponent to the front. It goes through some manipulation to get the opponent into a position where the joint attack will function. A methodically brutal technique.
This is also an interesting section of the kata because the several head movements indicates the opponent positioning and changes of positioning, but there is no line of performance to follow with the performer stationary. In addition, it's indicating change of position within a drill sequence rather than only at the beginning. For a long while the last two movements of the sequence I considered separate, due to the head movement but never found a satisfactory application for them.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent begins standing opposite you, holding your right wrist or forearm with his left hand.
# The left hand upper block catches his left elbow as it passes on the way up, it forces the opponent to rotate clockwise.
# The followup punch grabs his left shoulder (or clothing of same) and pushes him round also. the movement of the right hand simply accommodates the opponent's movement.
# He is now facing away from you with his left arm locked up his back in the crook of your left elbow. You have a grip of his left shoulder with your left hand. He still has a grip on your right arm.
# The two Nami-Gaeshi-geri "returning wave" kicks lift his left and then right foot off the ground, the rotational movement of the kata forces him down onto his knee on that side. the result is the opponent is on his knees in front of you, arm up his back,
# The final two movements of the sequence the head movement indicates a re-orientation with respect to the opponent, then the left hand "punch" pushes straight on the shoulder while the right pulls the opponent's arm straight. The effect is the same as the previous application; severe damage to wrist, elbow and shoulder joint.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Naihanchi
Naihanchi Shodan moves 19-20 application one

== Notes ==
This is just the mirror sequence of the beginning of the kata, going in the other direction and to the opposite side of the opponent. The application is the same; simple elbow strike to the head.
 
== Sequence ==
 -> 
== Description ==
# The opponent begins in front of you holding your left forearm or wrist with his right hand.
# The head and embusen turn to the left indicates turning your body clockwise until you are facing in a similar direction to the opponent on his right hand side.
# Note that unlike the beginning of the kata there is no step at this point, it's done stationary.
# Simultaneously, using your right hand, pull his right hand from your left and pull it to your hip.
# Also simultaneously, bring your left, now released arm up over the opponent's right and place your hand behind his head.
## Note that many/most styles add a strike to the neck area at this point because your arm is travelling in that direction unopposed anyway. With the positioning of the opponent, the strike is with the forearm, not the hand.
# Strike with the right elbow to the opponent's head with mawashi-empi-uchi, pulling his head into contact using your left hand.
# The result should be unconsciousness or similar.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Naihanchi
Naihanchi Shodan moves 5-9 application one

== Notes ==
Arm bar to chicken wing wrist lock and then a rather nasty joint damaging technique which if I attempted on a training partner, I think might well damage all 3 joints in the right arm; wrist, elbow and shoulder.
Note also that the head changes direction as the last movement, I think that's the beginning of the next sequence rather than this one.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> -> -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent standing opposite you, holding your left wrist, or forearm with his right hand.
# Turning the head to the left indicates you rotate clockwise and move round to the opponent's right while drawing the right arm into an arm bar, indicated by kosa-kamae.
# This leaves you on the right hand side of the opponent facing in the same direction as him. He is bent over due to pressure from the arm bar.
# The gedan-barai secures your grip on his right shoulder.
# Pulling hikite to your hip pulls the opponent backwards slightly and bends his arm, relieving the arm bar.
# The right hand kagi-tsuki (hook punch), retains the opponent's right hand and applies a rotational wrist lock to his right arm. This leaves the right arm in a "chicken wing" position.
# The step across into kiba-dachi causes the opponent's knee to fold, either using the knee from kiba-dachi stance, or in some styles there is an explicit foot lift to knee height and stamp which forces the knee to the ground.
# The simultaneous right hand "block" pulls the opponent's right arm straight as he falls. This severely damages the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Naihanchi
Pinan Godan moves 1-3 application one

== Notes ==
The following application is a shoulder dislocation, or restraint.
== Sequence ==
 -> -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent standing facing you, having a grip of your right hand, wrist or forearm with his left hand.
# Step round to your right, (the left of the opponent) while dropping your weight back.
# The uchi-uke crosses your body left to right and bends the opponent's elbow. The right to left return movement rotates the opponent away from you clockwise leaving him facing away from you.
# The hikite with your left hand pulling to the hip pulls the opponent over and bends him over your left leg in back stance or cat stance.
# The gyaku-tsuki "punch" simply grabs his right shoulder. It will simultaneously free your right hand.
# The hook punch with the left arm, pushes the opponent's elbow up his back, and the other hand guides his shoulder down towards your right hip as you stand up from the back/cat stance.
# Opponent ends up face down in front of you, left arm up his back. His right shoulder approximately at your hip.
# If done as the kata, he will sustain a left shoulder injury.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Godan moves 12-15 application one

== Notes ==
Note that this begins at step 12 of the kata because it indicates the starting point of this application begins with the body position of the end of the previous sequence.
An interesting technique to get behind an opponent. The Heian variant is simply showing off. 
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# The sequence begins with the opponent holding your right hand, wrist or forearm with their left hand.
# The 270° turn into shiko/kiba-dachi brings your right arm round and the gedan-barai pulls the opponent round behind you, facing away from you. You are now approximately back to back with the opponent. He will be somewhat stretched out having been yanked forwards. Your left arm does not participate at all in this bit and simply remains where it was at the end of the previous sequence.
# Depending on exact placement with the respective styles, the tettsui-uchi "strike" of the kata then grabs the hair or head of the opponent with the left hand.
# The following movement steps in (or not), rotating (or not), and delivers an elbow to the head of the opponent.
# There are some differences between Pinan variants.
## The Shito-ryu variant does not step in, but simply pulls the opponent back over the front leg of the zenkutsu-dachi and delivers the empi to the left side of his head.
## The Shorin-ryu variant steps round into shiko-dachi and delivers the empi to the back of the opponent's head.
## The Wado-ryu variant steps round into zenkutsu-dachi and delivers the empi to the side of the opponent's head.
## In all cases the stance is used to break the opponent's balance as well.
# The Heian variant (wild child of the Pinans) kicks him in the head, stamps on the back of his leg before delivering the empi to the head.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Godan moves 16-20 application one

== Notes ==
This is a shoulder throw, the japanese/judo name would be seoi-nage. Followed by an elbow break.
The shito-ryu version of it almost merges the movement into the previous drill.The almost customary Itosu entrance seems to be missing. The wado-ryu variant also seems to be influenced in this way, possibly this comes from Mabuni. The previous drill sequence is similarly shortened for the wado-ryu and shito-ryu variants.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
 -> 
== Description ==
# The entrance to this application is different depending on the style. Shorin-ryu and shotokan it begins with the opponent holding your left arm with his right arm.
# The step up with morote-uke your right arm is thrust under his shoulder; the shorin-ryu variant does a movement of the hand to indicate grasping the clothing.
# Wado-ryu and shotokan you punch vertically to indicate grabbing and lifting.
# In shotokan and wado-ryu you rotate 270° anti-clockwise while jumping, while in shito-ryu and shorin-ryu you simply make a large step into a transitional shiko-dachi. This is the throw itsef.
# The height of the next step depends on style. The stance is usually kosa-dachi, the shorin-ryu variant puts the left knee on the ground. The key point is the opponent is on the ground at your feet at this point, head to the left, feet to the right.
# You retained his right arm during the throw and the juji-uki X block places your right forearm under his elbow.
# The step up into zenkutsu-dachi with morote-uke breaks his elbow.
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan
Pinan Godan moves 21-22 application one

== Notes ==
Defense against a kick and a takedown/throw.
== Sequence ==
 -> 
== Description ==
# Opponent stands in front of you and kicks with his right leg.
# The up stroke of the gedan-barai to the front with the left arm catches his leg and passes it to the right which begins to hoist it up and pulls the opponent towards you. The heian variant of the kata emphasises the scooping and catching movement with the nukite.
# At this point the opponent's right leg is caught in your right arm at the knee.
# The down stroke of the gedan-barai pushes the opponent backwards over your front leg.
# You retain his knee when on the ground.
# The anti-clockwise body rotation in the following movement will put pressure on the still locked knee joint of the opponent on the ground.
== Examples ==
=== Video ===
This video example is published on Youtube by Sensei Iain Abernethy on his Youtube channel practicalkatabunkai. He has more details on his web site
<youtube width=560>C-sg3g9D4hU</youtube>
Category:Katapedia
Category:Application
Category:Pinan