The Pentagon Wars

The Pentagon Wars is a 1998 HBO military satire film directed by Richard Benjamin and starring Kelsey Grammer and Cary Elwes. The film is a loose adaptation of the book The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard by retired USAF Colonel James G. Burton with many points exaggerated for comedic effect or the result of artistic license. The Pentagon Wars centers on the bureaucracy surrounding the troubled development of the M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle and the efforts of Lt. Col. James G. Burton (Elwes) to conduct a live-fire test on the vehicle with a full load of fuel and ammunition as would be under combat conditions. The film's cast included Olympia Dukakis, Clifton Powell, Viola Davis as well as a cameo by Benjamin as U.S. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger.
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=Heavy Weapons=
==M242 Bushmaster Chaingun==
A mocked-up M242 Bushmaster chaingun appears in the film as the primary armament of the M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle prototype. Fake M242s are also seen on a line of Bradleys supposedly being produced for Israeli use with "safer" features (including external fuel tanks which would prevent the turret from rotating), an outright fabrication on the movie's part. Israel was interested in a new heavy APC after their experiences in the Lebanon War in 1982, but only purchased a single, standard configuration vehicle without a turret to evaluate the chassis and powerpack, since they were not interested in adopting an IFV. This turretless Bradley was modified further by RAFAEL with extra armour and ERA, but ultimately was not pursued and the T-55-based Achzarit APC adopted instead.
A stock image of a real Bradley in Desert Storm is also shown at one point.
thumb|none|600px|An M242 Bushmaster chaingun mounted as the primary armament on an M2 Bradley. This vehicle is a mock-up, probably based on an M8 cargo tractor chassis like the tanks in Red Dawn: the real Bradley's roadwheels have a central space, dividing them into two distinct sets of three.
=Machine Guns=
==Browning M1919A4 Machine Gun==
At the start of the film, archival footage showing testing of various armored vehicles is seen, including an M3 Lee medium tank with early model Browning M1919A4 machine guns mounted coaxially next to the main turret armament and in the cupola turret.
thumb|none|600px|Browning M1919A4 machine guna are coaxially-mounted and cupola mounted on an M3 Lee medium tank in the opening montage.
==Hotchkiss M1914 Machine Gun==
During the opening credits montage, a French-built Renault FT-17 light tank can be seen climbing a terrain obstacle, the vehicle armed with a Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun as the primary weapon.
thumb|none|600px|Archival footage of a Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun mounted in a Renault FT-17 tank in the opening montage.
=Handguns=
==Colt MK IV Series 70==
US Marines sentries can be seen throughout the film carrying holstered Colt MK IV Series 70 pistols (identifiable by the Colt logos on the grips) as their sidearms, likely standing in for military-issue M1911A1 pistols.
thumb|none|600px|A U.S. Marine sentry (Darcas Macopson) stands at attention with a holstered Colt MK IV Series 70.
=Rifles=
==M16A1 Rifle (A2 Handguards)==
The evening prior to the final live-fire test on the Bradley at the end of the film, Lt. Col. Burton visits the barracks of the soldiers charged with prepping the Bradley for the test and tells them a story about a soldier he encountered who was wounded in action in Vietnam after having his M16 rifle jam on him in combat. Burton is seen holding an M16A1 rifle with A2-style handguards as he recalls the story.
thumb|none|600px|Lt. Col. Burton (Cary Elwes) holds an M16A1 rifle that has been fitted with A2 handguards to resemble the A2 model.
thumb|none|600px|Lt. Col. Burton holding an M16A1 rifle as he recounts a story of a soldier who was wounded in action when his M16 jammed on him in Vietnam.
==Winchester Model 70==
When Lt. Col. James G. Burton (Cary Elwes) meets the fictional Maj. General Partridge (Kelsey Grammer) at the Pentagon, a scoped Winchester Model 70 rifle can be seen mounted on the wall of General Partridge's office along with various trophies and other memorabilia.
thumb|none|600px|A Winchester Model 70 hanging on the wall of Maj. General Partridge's office behind Lt. Col. Burton.
=Other=
==Mk 2 Hand Grenade==
During the meeting between Burton and Partridge, a Mk 2 hand grenade can be seen on Partridge's desk, likely either a replica or one that has been rendered inert.
thumb|none|600px|A fake or inert Mk 2 hand grenade sits on the corner of Maj. General Partridge's desk.
==Type 69 RPG==
During live-fire testing on the Bradley, one of the weapons tested on the vehicle is a Type 69 RPG, the weapon failing to penetrate the Bradley's armor. This is claimed to be because of the use of "inferior Romanian rockets" which are "only 73mm in diameter," compared to the 85mm Soviet rockets. In fact, 85mm is the diameter of the Chinese rocket used by the Type 69 (which was only rated for 150-180mm of rolled homogenous armor (RHA) at 65 degrees), and the 70mm Romanian PG-7VM HEAT wahead was rated as able to penetrate 300mm of armour plate, as good as a 1969 Soviet PG-7VM. The only 73mm RPG-7 warhead is the Soviet PG-7VS from 1972, and this could penetrate 400mm of RHA: the only warhead that could really be being talked about as drastically better than the Romanian PG-7VM in the movie's timeframe would be the 1977 PG-7VL, a 93mm warhead rated for over 500mm of RHA.
thumb|none|600px|A U.S. Army soldier prepares to fire a Type 69 RPG at the Bradley during a live-fire test
==FIM-43 Redeye==
An FIM-43 Redeye anti-aircraft missile appears in the film, stated to be a "sensor-fuzed anti-tank missile." This and the sequence that follows of a Paveway bomb being "tested" by being dropped from a two-storey crane are actually two parts of the same story, and actually about the Air Force's CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon, a type of cluster bomb using self-forging submunitions which identified their targets via IR, that was under development from 1979 to 1992. In the real Colonel Burton's book, he claims the testing of this weapon was conducted with the bomb being dropped from a crane onto a circle of 14 tanks parked nose-to-tail, with the submunitions' IR sensors locking on to a hotplate the program supervisor had placed on top of each vehicle rather than the vehicle's engine.
The need to make such ridiculous alterations to the target for contemporary IR seekers to sort it from ground clutter is probably the reason the TOW program went with SACLOS guidance that only had to locate an unnaturally intense IR beacon on the missile's tail. Self-guided IR-seeking anti-tank weapons would not be practical until the development of more advanced imaging infrared sensor based detectors.
thumb|none|600px|A soldier holds a FIM-43 Redeye prior to a test-firing
==BGM-71 TOW==
In several live-fire tests on the Bradley shown during the film, the testing for some reason switches to the faux Bradley being fired on using a tripod-mounted BGM-71 TOW launcher on the back of a truck instead of an RPG as before: since Lt. Col. Burton several times talks about testing with a "real Soviet weapon," it is possible it is standing in for an AT-5 Spandrel. The mocked-up Bradley is also armed with a twin TOW launcher mounted on the left side of the turret, though is never used and kept folded against the side of the turret throughout the film.
thumb|none|600px|U.S. Army soldiers prepare to fire a BGM-71 TOW during one of the live-fire tests on the Bradley. The oddly shaped bridging clamp and metallic panel on the side of the traversing unit pivot show this is the same launcher that appeared in The Sentinel.
thumb|none|600px|Side view of the M2 Bradley mockup, showing the twin TOW missile launcher on the side of the turret.
=Trivia: Bradley development=
The film gives a timeline of Bradley development which is simply not correct, and conflates a series of distinct projects into a single one. The vehicle was not called the Bradley until General Omar Bradley's death in 1981: the movie shows it being called this in 1968. The APC shown at the start of the design sequence, with the date given as 1968, is actually the T117 prototype from 1957, one of the prototypes that led to the development of the M113 (the diagram shown also quite clearly only has a 30 cal, not a 20mm cannon as stated). The cancelled scout vehicle mentioned in the sequence was the XM800, a separate requirement which was part of the MICV-65 combat vehicle program and always had a turret. The IFV component of MICV-65 (which was only ever supposed to carry 9 men, never 11 as claimed) was cancelled in 1966 since the XM701 ICV was so large and heavy it could not even be carried by a C-141 Starlifter and would be unable to keep pace with the proposed MBT-70. It also always had a turret.
The MICV project was restarted as MICV-70 in 1968, in response to the unveiling of the BMP-1 by the Soviet Union during the Red Square Parade of November 1967. This new project was always supposed to produce an IFV, and was a new design based on the LVT-7 amphibious APC hull, the XM723, which always had aluminium armour. The M139 20mm gun of the earlier variants (a US license-built version of the Hispano-Suiza HS.820), described as a "pansy-ass gun" in the movie, was replaced with a gun of the exact same calibre (the 20mm VRFWS-S (Vehicle Rapid Fire Weapon System-Successor) Bushmaster) because the M139 never performed satisfactorily: the calibre of the Bushmaster did not increase until much later.
The film places the cancellation of the XM800 recon vehicle in 1972, at which point it depicts the addition of the recon vehicle's role as causing the addition of the Bradley's turret, the troop vision blocks, and the firing ports. The XM800 was actually cancelled in 1975, but only the recon role was added to the spec for the MICV-70, since it had inherited all the listed features from the MICV-65 prototypes and was still considered fast enough to perform the recon role. The concerns raised afterwards of the vehicle "looking like a tank" are actually the complete opposite of the truth: it was thought of as desirable for the vehicle to appear to be a tank, so that the enemy would be unable to easily tell if they were engaging a cavalry force or an armoured division.
The TOW missile requirement was added in 1976 (not 1981 as the film states) and was an option for the vehicle: it was to be designed with a one-man turret with just the VRFWS-S and the commander seated inside the hull, and a larger alternative two-man turret which also had the TOW launcher. The former was for the IFV role and the latter for the recon / cavalry role, since it was felt the two-man turret would give the commander a better field of view. Ultimately it was decided the cavalry version's two-man turret would be used for both roles, in part over fears that without the "gimmick" of being able to launch the TOW, the entire project might end up cancelled.﻿
Col. Burton (Burton was "demoted" to LTC by the director due to Cary Elwes' youth) was empowered to test vaporifics, ie a claim, based on a British report of the time, that damage to the vehicle could result in production of toxic smoke from burning aluminium that would result in increased crew fatalities. The limited scope of this investigation was why the range engineers did not want to put fuel or ammunition in the Bradley, and ultimately the vaporifics testing failed to show any significant issues with toxic gas production. While Burton's live-fire test led to the unsurprising revelation that shooting a heavy anti-tank missile at the flank of an IFV that was never designed to survive such a hit would make it explode, the resulting experimental Bradley variant with all of the ammunition and fuel moved to armored boxes or outside the hull was much too large and the vehicle entered production in more or less its original configuration. In terms of history, the "defense reform" movement of the 70s and 80s, spearheaded by figures such as Chuck Spinney and Pierre Sprey, was roundly humiliated by the Gulf War, where almost all of the programs they had heavily criticized (such as the M2 Bradley, M1 Abrams, F-15 Eagle, AH-64 Apache, etc) performed superbly.
Category:Movie
Category:Comedy
Category:HBO
Category:War