nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Accommodationism

Accommodationism in terms of modern rationalism or atheism refers to the belief that some sort of "common ground" can be found between believers in magical and supernatural things and those who hold the scientific method and methodological naturalism as humanity's best tools to describe the universe.
==Position==
Atheist accommodationists maintain that those who have religious or magical ideas which are closer to scientific reality should not be subject to the same level of rational criticism as that which is leveled at believers in creationism and others who utterly reject scientific evidence. Accomodationists will usually favour discussion, engagement, and pragmatic unity with religious groups who appear to condemn or combat extremism, even if doing so requires the pragmatic suspension of criticism towards those groups for their faith-based beliefs. Most accommodationists do not actively promote religion, though a few, like Chris Stedman, do.Chris Stedman
Accomodationists argue that an individual's religious belief or lack thereof is irrelevant, unless that belief becomes disruptive to others. Individuals like Karen Armstrong who believe that God is wholly transcendent are generally regarded as harmless or potential allies, since their theology largely renders God irrelevant anyways. Accommodationists may find common ground with others who are less critical of atheism than Karen Armstrong. By contrast, those whose beliefs are actively disruptive pose a much greater threat.
The position of the atheist accommodationists can be contrasted with that of some of the New Atheists, who maintain that all faith-based ideas are counter to scientific thought and should be criticized. Well-known New Atheists include Richard Dawkins and Paul Zachary Myers.
==Respect==
Many accommodationists feel that "respect" should be given to religious ideas because they are sincerely held by the person who holds them, appear to provide them with an ethical framework that could potentially support humanist decisions, and that aggressively criticizing these beliefs may decrease the willingness of those who hold them to engage with atheist or humanist arguments. Furthermore, many religious people feel that the failure to show such respect undermines the moral position of critics of religion.
In contrast, many other atheists maintain that "respect" should be earned and be generated as a consequence of an individual being able to clearly explain and defend their beliefs as empirically justified, rather than effective in shaping 'good' behaviour regardless of factual accuracy.
==Controversy==
The question of how, or if, accommodationism should be addressed within the rationalist/atheist community is one of the bigger issues in the community today. Indeed, both "sides" sometimes appear on this very wiki.
==See also==
*Atheist Bus Campaign
*Antitheism
*Atheist thumper
*Atheist fundamentalism
*Brights
*Everlasting No
*New Atheism
*NOMA
==External links==
*The Big Accommodationism Debate
*Study: In science vs. religion debate, Francis Collins is more effective than Richard Dawkins
==References==
Category:Atheism
Category:Science and religion
Accuracy and precision

Accuracy and precision are measurements within science and engineering of how well results fit with reality and how reliable they are. Accuracy is a concept that describes the degree to which a measurement approximates the actual value, whereas precision measures how reproducible a result is.
==Low accuracy or precision==
An experiment or test with low accuracy or precision is still useful if the other is reasonably high. A test with low precision can be improved with more samples as each data point will still average out as an accurate value (diagram 1). On the other hand, a test with low accuracy can still be useful if it is precise, because we can conclude that there must be a reproducible and systematic error in the measurement causing the lack of accuracy (diagram 2). In science, this is particularly useful for refining theories and experiments.
==Visual representation==
File:High accuracy Low precision.svg|Diagram 1: High accuracy, low precision
File:High precision Low accuracy.svg|Diagram 2: High precision, low accuracy
==See also==
* Test sensitivity
* Overprecision
Category:Statistics
Acharya S

Acharya S was the pen name of Dorothy Milne Murdock, a "researcher" and proponent of her own rather dubious version of the Christ myth theory whose books inspired the 2007 conspiracy film Zeitgeist.It goes without saying that she wasn't a real either.
Rarely using ancient sources, she was known for making claims about ancient beliefs that have no basis in our understanding of the ancient world. Her book, Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection,Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection. Stellar House Publishing. asserts that the myths surrounding Jesus borrowed heavily from Egyptian deity Horus, an idea dating back to book Ancient Egypt, the Light of the World in 1907.Gerald Massey,
 Ancient Egypt, the Light of the World: A Work of Reclamation and Restitution in Twelve Books, Volume 2. However, she made new claims of her own — that December 25th was important in Horus worship, and that he had twelve disciples — neither of these claims can be substantiated by ancient sources.
Her claims about what sources said were generally accurate, but her interpretation of those sources was frequently on crack. Other mythologists were polite to and about her, but cordially considered her a gibbering fruitbat. If you have any other source on the face of the earth for a claim, you should use that source instead.
==External links==
*
*Her website
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Bible woo
Category:Bible
Category:Pseudohistory promoters
Acid attacks

Acid attacks are a form of assault meant to permanently disfigure a person by throwing corrosive liquid onto a victim's body. Acid attacks can be perpetrated using a liquid such as sulfuric acid.Sulfuric acid is easily available as the electrolyte in automotive batteries. A 2007 review showed that Jamaica had the highest total number and Bangladesh had the highest reported number of cases of chemical assault worldwide.http://www.burnsjournal.com/article/S0305-4179(06)00164-1/abstract Acid attacks can permanently scar a person's face and sometimes cause blindness.
==History==
"Vitriolage" or "vitriol throwing" dates back to the 18th century.Slate magazine, 2013 Feb 4: Sulfuric acid, more commonly known historically as “vitriol,” was first manufactured on an industrial scale in England in the 1740s, and people began using it for violent purposes in Western Europe and the United States once it became easily obtainable. The earliest reported incidents of an acid attack in South Asia were in 1967, when two cases of acid attacks were reported in India and Bangladesh.Combating Acid Violence In Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School; Committee on International Human Rights of the New York City bar Association, Cornell Law School international Human Rights Clinic,; the Virtue Foundation (2011). Several acid attacks occurred in later years, causing acid attacks to gain more popularity.
==Medical effects on victims==
Severe medical effects may happen to victims of acid attacks. Acid can burn and eat away skin, sometimes to the bone. The nose and ears can be severely damaged, and many times victims of acid attacks have damage to their eyes.http://cequinindia.org/pdf/Special_Reports/Acid%20Throwing.pdf Victims can face skin depigmentation and even death.http://www.ijps.org/article.asp?issn=0970-0358;year=2008;volume=41;issue=1;spage=20;epage=23;aulast=Olaitan
==Attackers' motives==
Perpetrators of acid attacks usually have motives for doing so. A 2013 attack on a man in occurred because of the victim's religious beliefs.http://themediaproject.org/article/acid-attack-injures-roman-catholic-priest-tanzania?page=full A case in the UK occurred when acid was thrown on a man's face because of gang violence.http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-24835910 Several cases of acid attacks have occured because of dowry.http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/cedaw_crc_contributions/AvonGlobalCenterforWomenandJustice.pdf A study by the Health and Social Care information Centre in England showed that 62% of all acid attacks in England were attacks on male victims.http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-24835910
==References==
==Notes==
Act of God

An Act of God is an unusual natural event which religious people ascribe to the power of God. The term has a legal definition for natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes and asteroid impacts for which no human entity is responsible, which in turn is a part of the broader legal term of for unforeseen events, which also includes things like war and crime.
Although most people recognise that natural disasters are random freak events, some people with a religious conviction see them as divine retribution for sinful behaviour (in other words, their personal friend is beating up people for behavior they don't like). This can lead to contradicting claims, such as in the case of 1755 Great Lisbon Earthquake:
It can also lead to differing claims based on personal flavor of bigots. Some evangelicals ascribed "Superstorm Sandy" in 2012 as punishment for the legalisation of gay marriage in AmericaJohn McTernan's Insights: When God Judges a Nation For Homosexuality; those people killed by Sandy in the Caribbean beforehand were, of course, just collateral damage. However, Muslim clerics claimed it was divine revenge for the Innocence of Muslims,The Independent: Muslim clerics say superstorm Sandy is God's punishment for film that mocked Prophet Mohammad an American-made film that mocked Mohammed (and again, victims outside the United States were acceptable collateral damage to Allah).
==See also==
*Miracle
*Goddidit
*Theodicy
*Hojatoleslam Kazem Sedighi
*Invisible Pink Unicorn
==References==
Category:ReligionCategory:Religious terms
Activase

Activase (generic name Alteplase) is a drug produced by Genentech, a Roche Group member, that is indicated for the treatment of acute Ischemic Stroke. 
It is currently being studied by both Genentech and independent cancer research projects as a treatment for particular types of cancerhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23174953 with promising but as yet inconclusive results. It is also being used for cancer patients because of its side effect of preventing plaque in and around tissue with ports or shunts or chronic bleeding from tissue resistant to healing.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23130841 It is FDA approved for use with heart attacks and strokes.
Its woo level in the cancer fight is quite low. It is listed as one of the 187 Fake Cancer "Cures" Consumers Should Avoid.
==External links==
*Official site
==References==
category:cancer woo
Category:medicine
Acupuncture Today

__NOTOC__
Acupuncture Today is the name of both a newspaper and website promoting traditional Chinese medicine. Its articles cover various topics related to alternative medicine, and TCM in particular.Medical Qi Gong: The Spleen Healing SoundsThe Spirit of the Herbs Sometimes, they also refer to studies, case studies, and anecdotes to support TCM.Beat the Heat With Ju hua cha!, Acupuncture Today.
The site supports bloodletting, because it can improve the flow of qi in the body, treat "excess heat and fire", and bring yang down;Bleeding Techniques: Ancient Treatments for Acupuncture Physicians, Skya Abbate, DOM, Acupuncture Today. arsenic (realgar), because it's good (when taken internally) for killing intestinal parasites and treating sore throats, and (when applied externally) for treating "swelling, abscesses, itching, rashes, and other skin disorders;Realgar (xiong huang), Acupuncture Today. lead oxide, because it "helps to eliminate toxins" and is good for "ringworm, skin rashes, rosacea, eczema, sores, ulcers, and other skin disorders";Galena, Acupuncture Today. and mercury sulphide (or cinnabar), because:Cinnabar, Acupuncture Today.
Acupuncture Today also clearly states that these minerals are all toxic and should not be taken without consulting a qualified healthcare professional first.
==See also==
*Acupuncture
==External links==
*Acupuncture Today
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Chinese medicine
Category:Manipulative therapy
Category:Webshites
Acutonics

Acutonics is acupuncture for people who want the full placebo effect without the risks and discomfort of having needles stuck in them, so the healing power of woo™ is delivered through vibrations with tuning forks and gongs.
No, honestly, it is. This is what their homepage says about it:
So there you go. Completely credible.
==See also==
*Colorpuncture, if even tuning forks are too much for you, why not try light?
*Sound healing
==References==
Category:Sound woo
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Orientalist woo
Category:Manipulative therapy
Ad iram

The argumentum ad iram fallacy (ad iram, Latin for "to anger") is an informal logical fallacy, that involves accusing one's opponent of being angry or holding their beliefs for anger-related reasons, which purportedly disproves their argument or diminishes its weight. It is a form of pathos gambit.
==Form==
==Examples==
For example:
Theist: My god will judge you for these acts you do!
Atheist: I disagree. I don't believe in God.
Theist: What did God do to you to make you hate Him?
One can easily see the problem here. The atheist does not believe in the deity in question; thus, they cannot hate what they don't believe in (that would be misotheism, not atheism). Also, the atheist could have any reason not to believe in said god; their emotional state doesn't invalidate their claim.
It is also an ad hominem attack and strawman argument that appears often on the Internet; e.g., a person disagrees on a political issue, and one side accuses the other of "being butthurt" and "crying like a little baby", even when no emotion was exhibited by the accused. It also applies to the idea that, if a person doesn't agree with a system, they should "get out" and find a country that agrees with a strawman idea of what the dissenter believes, e.g. "Go back to Russia!".
==See also==
*Tone argument
*Pathos gambit
*God's Not Dead
Category:Ad hominem
Category:Informal fallacies
Category:Latin phrases
Adam Miller

Adam Miller is a faith-healer who claims to be able to cure cancer of any kind and any stage, spinal injuries, poisoning, and AIDS. In December 2014, a YouTuber, Stephanie Guttormson, called him out (correctly) as a con artist on her YouTube channel, ThinkStephtically:Adam Miller: Con Artist. ThinkStephtically on youtube.com. Retrieved on September 9, 2015.
After replying with a rebuttal video that pointed out how Guttormson is transgender and works for the Richard Dawkins Foundation, Miller filed a lawsuit against Guttormson for copyright infringement and defamation. He later dismissed his lawsuitHemant Mehta. Faith-Healer Adam Miller Drops Lawsuit Against YouTuber Calling Him Out on His Claims. Friendly Atheist blog at patheos.com. Retrieved on September 9, 2015. but has indicated that he is planning to reopen the case shortly.Hemant Mehta. Faith-Healer Adam Miller May Reopen Lawsuit Against YouTuber Who Called Him Out on His Claims. Friendly Atheist blog at patheos.com. Retrieved on September 9, 2015. Guttormson has set up a GoFundMe page to raise money to defend herself against these charges.Stephanie Renée Guttormson. Help me fight a SLAPP suit. May 5, 2015. Retrieved on September 9, 2015.
==External links==
*His sparse web site
==References==
Category:Christian fundamentalism
Category:Energy therapy
Category:Faith healing
Category:Living people
Adam Ruins Everything

Adam Ruins Everything is a comedic edutainment web-series-turned-tv-show hosted by Adam Conover of CollegeHumor, playing himself as an annoying know-it-all who takes people on magical journeys to learn about the irrationality of everyday life.
The setting is arguably something of a parody of old educational specials, with the other characters reacting with appropriate annoyance that Adam is disrupting their daily routines. The show is quite similar to Penn & Teller: Bullshit!, but with broader topics and less profanity.
While Conover has claimed in interviews not to cover political subjects, some of his episodes deal with issues that are rather partisan in the US, such as security theater, the US voting system, and car culture.
==Infotainment galore==
Much of what the show presents is scientific, and Conover even cites his sources onscreen.
However, Conover announced at the end of the first episode that the season will cover why attempts to stop climate change are futile.Review: TruTV’s ‘Adam Ruins Everything’ Challenges Beliefs About Giving An episode depicting the issues of going green was later released albeit a little over a year after this claim, though.http://www.trutv.com/shows/adam-ruins-everything/blog/adams-sources/adam-ruins-going-green.html While this isn't true, stopping climate change will take drastically more than what we have in mind.
Not to mention his talks on law enforcement seemed to suggest that DNA evidence is the only scientific means of establishing guilt (it also ignored techniques that can make eyewitness testimony more reliable)."Enjoy" the full episode. In the show's first corrections segment (appearing in "Emily Ruins Adam Ruins Everything") he has, however, also established that DNA testing can also be as subject to human error as other forensic methods.See the full episode
The show's segment about mammograms contained misleading information.Adam Ruins Everything - The Truth about Mammograms (Tease) | truTV truTV. Jul 19, 2017.The Little Known Truth About Mammograms CollegeHumor. Jul 26, 2017. The segment accurately acknowledges that a mammogram cannot tell the difference between types of cancers but incorrectly suggests that, because of this, serious treatments are recommended for all types of cancer. This fails to mention that, after a positive result on a mammogram, a doctor will suggest a follow-up biopsy that can help to differentiate between cancer types, determine whether a lesion is benign or malignant and is used to select appropriate treatment. Doctors would not give a positive cancer diagnosis and prescribe treatment because of a mammogram since it is only a screening test.If You’re Called Back After a Mammogram American Cancer Society. Sep 21, 2015.
==External links==
*Adam Ruins Everything website
*The YouTube series
*Adam Ruins Everything (2015) Episode Scripts
==References==
Category:Television programmes
Category:Internet
Category:YouTube
Adam Weishaupt

Adam Weishaupt was a German philosopher and the founder of the infamous secret society, the Order of the illuminati (originally called the Covenant of Perfectibility, which sounded too strange). They used aliases,René le Forestier, Les Illuminés de Bavière et la franc-maçonnerie allemande, Paris, 1914, Book 1, Chapter 2, pp30-45 he was a radical rationalist, and wanted to promote democracy around the world, they were opposed to state abuses, superstition, and obscurantism. The order promoted liberty, equality, and fraternity.A. Weishaupt, Rede an die neu aufzunehmenden Illuminatos dirigentes (1782) : « Wer also allgemeine Freiheit einführen will, der verbreite allgemeine Aufklärung : aber Aufklärung heißt nicht Wort- sondern Sachkenntniß, ist nicht Kenntniß von abstracten, speculativen, theoretischen Kenntnissen, die den Geist aufblasen, aber das Herz um nichts bessern. » Thomas Jefferson also seemed to like Weishaupt, and called him an enthusiastic philanthropist. The conspiracy theories about him make it really hard to know about the actual historical character and his philosophy. 
__TOC__
==Philosophy==
Though Adam Weishaupt is mostly remembered for his society that controls the world completely failed, Weishaupt was mostly a philosopher. His rationalism was influenced by his father-in-law Johann Adam Freiherr von Ickstatt, a preacher of the Enlightment. On the scientific side, he was an empirist. He was often in disagreement with Kant in his works, for example, he hated the idea that space and time would only be human perceptions, and considered them as real things. He was in general opposed to kantian idealism. For Weishaupt, Kant's ideas end in complete subjectivism, which Weishaupt considers to be self-refuting, because if knowledge is true only for appearances, the same is true of subjectivism.Daniel Jacoby: Art. "Weishaupt, Adam", in: Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 41 (1896), 539–550Beiser, Frederick C. The Fate of Reason. Harvard University Press, 1987. 186–88. Also in Google books :https://books.google.fr/books?id=5ihJn9EKCl4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
His philosophy included the submission of man to his noblest parts, which are reason and spirit.
===Quotes===
==Diabolization==
Of course, dying in exile with his order disbanded and his philosophic works forgotten was too kind for his fate. Two old-age nutjobs, named Augustin Barruel and John Robison, decided to spit at the memory of the poor dude by writing books about how his order survived and started the French Revolution, which then lead to the modern conspiracy theories depicting Weishaupt as the most evil person, and his order being depicted as an anti-christian satanist atheist socialist conspiracy. And so, Weishaupt couldn't rest in peace, ever.
==See also==
*RationalWiki, a similar order of rationalists with pseudonyms, and similarly opposed to authoritarianism and obscurantism.
*Empiricism
==References==
Adam and Evolution: A Scientific Critique of Neo-Darwinism

Adam and Evolution: A [Pseudo]Scientific Critique of Neo-Darwinism is an anti-evolution book written by Michael Pitman, an old earth creationist. It was published by Rider & Co in 1984.
==Author==
There has been a controversy over the authorship of the book. The actual author of the book was Michael Pitman, a biology school teacher from Cambridge, England. Some creationists have claimed the author is Michael George Pitman (1933-2000), the Chief Scientist of Australia from 1992 to 1996. However, Michael Pitman revealed that he had a degree in classics and started his career as a history teacher, which does not fit the background of Michael George Pitman.According to the book Adam and Evolution "Michael Pitman has an MA in classics from Oxford and a BA in science from the Open University. He teaches biology in Cambridge, where for three years he ran the University Origins Discussion Group". The Australian scientist Michael George Pitman did not have an MA in classics. Creationists claim the author is Michael George Pitman here. Also see "Michael Pitman is chief scientist of Australia and foreign secretary of the Australian Academy of Science" at a Muslim Creationist website.
==Overview==
The book challenges natural selection and mutation and argues that the neo-Darwinian mechanisms of evolution are inadequate to explain macroevolution. Pitman accepted an old earth but rejected any evidence for chemical evolution and, like other creationists, claimed there is evidence only for microevolution. He was open-minded on the identity of the creator and claimed in the book he was not a Christian. However, the title of the book and its front cover both reference the story of Adam and Eve.
==Science==
The book received a detailed review in the NewScientist magazine where it was described as a well written book that attempted to bring the design argument up to date, yet as a science book had failed as Pitman had ignored the evidence for evolution in the fossil record and would count anything unexplained by science as evidence for creationism.New Scientist 21 Feb 1985 "Another Case for Creationism" by P. T. Saunders
==See also==
*Evolution Under the Microscope: A Scientific Critique of the Theory of Evolution
*The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories
==References==
Category:Intelligent design creationism
Category:Religious books