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TSG:Ladder Stitch

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== LADDER STITCH ==
===Directions===
Work from reverse side of the textile. At least two inches beyond the area of deterioration, insert needle through the reverse side of the knots (or through wefts), exiting at the edge of the textile at 1. Bypassing two warps, insert needle at 2, tunnel back through the knots (or through wefts) and bring needle out at 3. Bypassing at least two warps, insert needle at 4 to begin next stitch. Stitches should not be noticeable from the front. The length of stitches should be staggered.
===Comments===
This stitch is used on an edge to secure the last rows of weft. Thinner thread than the yarns of the textile should be used to reduce the stress of additional thread through the textile's structure.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Stabilizing Weft
 
===See also===
Channeling
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Laid and Couched Stitch

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== LAID AND COUCHED STITCH ==
===Other names===
Laid Stitch
Laid Couching Stitch
===Directions===
Using one thread, bring needle out to the front side at 1. Lay a long stitch in the warp or the weft direction and insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 2, making sure the thread follows the grain of the fabric. Using a second thread, bring needle out to the front at A at one side of the first thread. Lay the new thread across (perpendicular to) the first thread and insert the needle through fabric to the reverse side at B. Repeat perpendicular stitches to secure the first thread. If there is more than one row of stitches, vary the point where rows begin and end.
===Comments===
The two threads used can be of different weight and/or material.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Closing Slits
 
Reinforcing Holes and Tears
 
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
Securing Loose Threads to a Ground Fabric
===See also===
Basic Couching Stitch 
Self-Couching Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Overcast Stitch

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== OVERCAST STITCH==
===Other names===
Whip Stitch
===Directions===
Work from right to left. Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Move thread to the left and to the textile edge at 2. Wrap thread over the edge, keep needle perpendicular and insert needle from the reverse side to the front side at 3. Repeat.
===Comments===
This is the same technique used for the Oversewing Stitch, but this stitch covers an edge.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Attaching Linings, Dust Covers, and Backings
 
Finishing and Stabilizing Edges
 
Finishing and Stabilizing Warp Ends
Mounting
 
Reinforcing Selvedges
 
===See also===
Diagonal Basting Stitch 
Overhand Stitch 
Oversewing Stitch 
Tapestry Overcast Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Overhand Stitch

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== OVERHAND STITCH ==
===Directions===
Work from right to left. While stitching, the two fabrics should be stacked on top of one another. Bring needle out to the front side on one fabric piece at 1. Move needle directly across to the second piece of fabric, insert needle at 2. To continue, bring needle out to the front side in the first fabric one stitch length to the left at 3. Repeat.
===Comments===
This stitch is used to hold two edges or two folds together.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Closing Slits
 
Joining Fabric
===See also===
Overcast Stitch 
Oversewing Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Oversewing Stitch

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== OVERSEWING STITCH ==
===Other names===
Whip Stitch
===Directions===
Work right to left. Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Move to the left, at a slant and insert needle through the second piece of fabric to the reverse side at 2. To continue, bring needle out to the front side in the first fabric at 3, a stitch length to the left. Repeat.
===Comments===
The same technique is used for this stitch and the Overcast Stitch, but here it is used to hold two edges together.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Closing Slits
 
Joining Fabric
===See also===
Overcast Stitch 
Overhand Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Reinforcement/Zig Zag Stitch

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== REINFORCEMENT/ZIG ZAG STITCH ==
===Directions===
Work from left to right. About 3/4 inch above the left end of the slit, bring needle out to the front side at 1. Cross thread over one warp and insert needle through textile to the reverse side at 2. Move about one inch to the right and about 3/4 inch below the opposite side of slit, and bring the needle out to the front side at 3. Cross thread over one warp and insert needle through textile to the reverse side at 4. Move needle diagonally to the right, returning to the first side of the slit. Bringing needle out to the front side at 5 begins the next stitch.
===Comments===
The Reinforcement Stitch is used as additional support on longer slits that have already been stabilized. It redistributes support into the stronger areas of the textile.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Mounting
Reinforcing Weak Areas
 
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Reverse Blanket Stitch

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== REVERSE BLANKET STITCH==
===Other names===
Reverse Open Buttonhole Stitch
===Directions===
Work from left to right. Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Move thread to the right and hold. Insert needle from the reverse side to the front side at 2. Pull needle through, keeping held thread under point of the needle. Repeat.
===Comments===
This stitch is used on edges.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Finishing and Stabilizing Edges
 
Finishing and Stabilizing Warp Ends
Reinforcing Selvedges
 
===See also===
Blanket Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Running/Back Stitch

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== RUNNING/BACK STITCH ==
===Other names===
Combination Stitch
Running/Back Combination Stitch
===Directions===
Work from right to left. Running Stitch: Insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 1.	Move to the left and bring needle out to the front side at 2. Repeat. Back Stitch: After completing a series of Running Stitches, move half a completed stitch to the right and insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 3. Moving to the left, bring needle out to the front side at 4 and begin another series of Running Stitches.
===Comments===
This stitch provides more strength than the Running Stitch. It is usually formed by inserting a Back Stitch between groups of three to four Running Stitches but this can be varied according to the strength required.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Creating Seams
 
Joining Fabric
Stabilizing Seams
===See also===
Back Stitch
Half Back Stitch 
Running Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Running Stitch

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== RUNNING STITCH ==
===Directions===
Work from right to left. Insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 1 and bring out to the front side at 2. Repeat.
===Comments===
This stitch is used in joining two or more layers of fabric, in gathering, gauging, shirring, quilting, and in seams not subjected to much strain. This stitch looks the same as the Basting Stitch, but the stitches are shorter.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Creating Seams
 
Joining Fabric
Mounting
Reinforcing Holes and Tears
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
Stabilizing Seams
===See also===
Basting Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Self-Couching Stitch

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== SELF-COUCHING STITCH ==
===Other names===
Convent Stitch
Klosterstitch
Span Stitch
Spannstitch
===Directions===
Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Lay a long stitch in the warp or the weft direction and insert needle through the fabric to the reverse side at 2. Bring needle out to the front side at one side of the first stitch at 3. Lay thread across (perpendicular to) the first stitch and insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 4. Repeat perpendicular stitches to secure the first stitch. If there is more than one row of stitches, vary the point where rows begin and end.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Closing Slits
 
Reinforcing Holes and Tears
 
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
Securing Loose Threads to a Ground Fabric
===See also===
Basic Couching Stitch 
Laid and Couched Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Slip Stitch

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== SLIP STITCH ==
===Other names===
Blind hem stitch
===Directions===
Work from right to left. Bring needle out to the front side through the top fabric layer at 1. Move needle slightly to the left and insert in the bottom layer of the fabric at 2. Catch a few threads and bring needle out to the front side at 3. Move the needle above to the top fabric, insert at 4 and slip between fabric layers of the fold. Bring out to the front side at 5 to begin the next stitch. Repeat.	·
===Comments===
This nearly invisible stitch is created by slipping the thread under a fold of fabric. It can be used to join two folded edges or one folded edge to a flat surface.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Hemming
 
Joining fabric
 
===See also===
Hemming Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Stab Stitch

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== STAB STITCH ==
===Other names===
Piercing Stitch
===Directions===
Work from right to left. Bring needle out to the front side at 1, keeping needle perpendicular to the fabric. Move one small stitch length to the left and insert needle straight through fabric to the reverse side at 2. Move more than one stitch length to the left on the reverse side before bringing needle (still held perpendicular) out to the front side again. Repeat.
===Comments===
A series of these stitches create short stitches on the front side and long stitches on the reverse side, having the advantage of low visibility.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Mounting
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
===See also===
Running Stitch
Staggered Running Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Staggered Running Stitch

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== STAGGERED RUNNING STITCH ==
===Other names===
Walls of Troy Stitch
===Directions===
Work from right to left, and hold the needle perpendicular to the textile. Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Move to the left and insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 2. Move to the left and up or down to execute next stitch.
===Comments===
This stitch is used to avoid sewing over the same weak warp or weft yarns. It is also used when the Stab Stitch or the Running Stitch would be too noticeable, such as on a flat, smooth or tightly woven fabric. It is not appropriate for use when the two fabrics would react differently to gravity or humidity.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Attaching Linings, Dust Covers, and Backings
 
Mounting
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
===See also===
Running Stitch
Stab Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Tabby Stitch

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== TABBY STITCH ==
===Other names===
Open Tabby Mend
===Directions===
Anchor the thread in a stable area about four to six warp yarns from the area of deterioration. Bring needle out to the front side at 1, cross over one warp and insert needle through to the reverse side at 2. Pass under one warp and bring needle out to the front side. Continue going over and under alternate warps (duplicating the plain weave) through the deteriorated area and four to six warps into the next stable area. Move 1/4 inch and repeat in opposite direction. If damage is severe, rows of stitches can be 1/8 inch apart. The stitch rows will run parallel to the weft and will resemble the Running Stitch.
===Comments===
This is used to reinforce areas suffering from weft loss or degradation but not exhibiting obvious flaws such as tears, holes, or open slits.	If all of the weft is gone, use multiple strands of thread.	This technique is an alternative to reweaving, and replicates the plain weave.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Reinforcing Weak Areas
Replacing Weft
===See also===
Running Stitch 
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Tacking Stitch

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== TACKING STITCH ==
===Other names===
Reverse Half Cross Stitch
===Directions===
Bring needle out to the front side at 1. Move needle straight up, parallel to the warp or weft yarns, and insert through fabric to the reverse side at 2. Move to the left but even with 1, and bring needle out to the front side at 3 to begin the next stitch.
===Comments===
This is a temporary stitch used to control layers of fabric. The stitches are straight on the front side and diagonal on the reverse side. The stitch size varies according to the size of the area covered and the amount of control required. Rows may be worked in any direction.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Securing a Damaged Area to a Support Fabric
 
Temporary Stitch
 
===See also===
Diagonal Basting Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Tailor's Tacks

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== TAILOR'S TACKS ==
===Directions===
Use one or two threads in a needle. At the point to be marked, insert needle through fabric to the reverse side at 1. Move slightly away and bring needle out to the front side at 2. Take one more stitch in the same place, leaving a thread loop of one inch or more. Cut thread, leaving a one inch tail.
===Comments===
This is a temporary stitch used to mark important points in a project.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Temporary Stitch
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Tapestry Overcast Stitch

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== TAPESTRY OVERCAST STITCH ==
===Other names===
Slit Stitch
===Directions===
Bring needle out to the front side at 1, one warp over from slit edge. Bring thread across slit in a straight line to far side of adjacent warp, insert needle through to the reverse side at
2. Cross slit in the opposite direction, move away slightly from first stitch, and bring needle out to the front side at 3 to begin the next stitch. Repeat.
===Comments===
This is used on slits that were originally overcast.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Closing Slits
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Tapestry Strap Stitch

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== TAPESTRY STRAP STITCH ==
===Other names===
Running Hem Stitch
===Directions===
Work from the reverse side of the textile.	Anchor thread in the strap.	Insert the needle between warp yarns of the tapestry and bring out to the tapestry front side at 1. Cross over one warp and insert needle to the tapestry reverse side at 2. The next stitch is done only in the strap (fabric) . Insert needle through the strap to the reverse side at 3. Bring needle out to the front side of the strap at 4. Continue alternating stitches between tapestry and the strap .
===Comments===
This stitch is used when attaching fabric straps, etc. to a tapestry in the vertical direction. Use a continuous thread, adding additional thread with a weaver's knot, if necessary. Stitches should run in a straight line to facilitate a straight hanging of the piece.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Attaching Lining, Dust Covers and Backings
 
Hemming
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG:Wrapping Stitch

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== WRAPPING STITCH==
===Other names===
Figure 8 Wrapping Stitch
===Directions===
Begin and end rows of stitches in a stable area of the textile. Bring needle out to the front side at 1 and weave across the yarns, going over and under alternate yarns. Wrap the thread around the last yarn at 2 and weave it back into the textile. On the return row, insert the needle over and under opposite yarns than in the previous row.
===Comments===
This stitch is one of the first treatments undertaken when selvedges or ends begin to deteriorate. It may be used to secure two or more yarns.
===Possible uses for this stitch===
Finishing and Stabilizing Edges
 
Reinforcing Selvedges
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
TSG Chapter I. Section A. Statement of Purpose

Category: Textiles
Category: Statement of Purpose
Category: Guidelines
The Textile Conservation Catalog records current conservation treatments and practices for artistic and historic textiles. Each chapter compiles the variety of treatments and techniques currently used by textile conservators. The Catalog is a voluntary, cooperative project of the Textile Specialty Group of the AIC. Participating members have developed and commented extensively on the chapters. 
The Catalog is in the form of an outline. There are no detailed instructions for treatment, and the Catalog does not seek to establish definitive methods or standards. Entries are qualifies by including “factors to consider,” however the inclusion of a treatment in the Catalog is not an endorsement or approval of the procedures described. The Catalog is designed for trained textile conservators who are familiar with the vocabulary and processes included in the outlines. Chapters are intended to be a guide in the treatment decision-making process and allow conservators to explore treatment options. Each conservator remains responsible for the safety and appropriateness of any treatment. 
Although the focus of the Catalog is conservation treatment, related subjects such as environment, storage, and exhibition are included, but only insofar as the describe issues met and actions taken by textile conservators. 
								
Final Revision
April 2, 1998
TSG Chapter IV. Documentation of Textiles - Section A. Conservator's Obligation for Documentation (from AIC Guidelines for Practice)

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Image: Textiles.gif‎‎ Textile Specialty Group Conservation Wiki 
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Original Draft: Susan Heald
Contributors: Lucy Commoner, Judith Eisenberg, Patricia Ewer, Lorna Filippini, Gaelen Gorden, Martha Winslow Grimm, Jane Hutchins, Marlene Jaffe, Susan Anne Mathisen, Jane Merritt, Denise K. Migdail, Meredith Montague, Zoe Annis Perkins, Nancy Pollak, Sara Reiter, Gwen Spicer, Suzanne Thomassen-Krauss, Deborah Trupin
Editors: M. Cynthia Hughes, Jane Lynn Merritt, Deborah Trupin, Sara J. Wolf
Copyright: . The Textile Wiki pages are a publication of the Textile Specialty Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
 
The Textile Wiki pages are published for the members of the Textile Specialty Group. Publication does not endorse or recommend any treatments, methods, or techniques described herein. 
----
A. Documentation
"The conservation profession has an obligation to produce and maintain accurate, complete, and permanent records of examination, sampling, scientific investigation, and treatment. When appropriate the records should be both written and pictorial. The kind and extent of documentation may vary according to the circumstances, the nature of the object, or whether an individual object or a collection that is to be documented." (AIC Guidelines for Practice, revised August 1994.)
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TSG Chapter IV. Documentation of Textiles - Section B. Formats for Recording Information

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The Textile Conservation Catalogue 
EXAMINATION OF TEXTILES PRIOR TO TREATMENT
B. Formats for recording information
Date: April 2, 1998 
Compiler: Susan Heald
Contributors: Deborah Trupin, Denise K. Migdail, Gaelen Gorden, Gwen Spicer, Judith Eisenberg, Jane Hutchins, Jane Merritt, Lucy Commoner, Lorna Filippini, Patricia Ewer, Martha Winslow Grimm, Marlene Jaffe, Meredith Montague, Nancy Pollak, Sara Reiter, Suzanne Thomassen-Krauss, Susan Anne Mathisen, Zoe Perkins
Editors: M. Cynthia Hughes, Jane Lynn Merritt, Deborah Trupin, Sara J. Wolf
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
7.2.1 Checklist
7.2.2 Outline
7.2.3 Narrative
7.2.4 Combination
==7.2.1 Checklist==
form with blanks for information and descriptors with boxes to check for condition and treatment. [N.B. good for large surveys/mass treatment; usefulness to the custodian to evaluate needs or proposal, or for future conservator depends on how the checklist is developed.]
==7.2.2 Outline==
sentences or phrase description for each heading; allows for more detailed description than the checklist format.
==7.2.3 Narrative==
paragraph or essay form for the entire report. [N.B. Headings are necessary to locate specific information.]
==7.2.4 Combination==
integrates checklist and phrase descriptions.
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