nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Operation Messiah

Operation Messiah was a Canadian Forces military operation to assist the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda in stopping the Rwandan Genocide. The initial operation centered on the deployment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry by air to Kigali, Rwanda with signficiant armoured and logistical support. The Operation led to the restoration of the Arusha Peace Accords and was believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Operation Messiah is considered by historians as one of the finest moments in Canadian history.
Category:Canada
Category:Conflicts
Category:Rwanda
Oquendo-class Destroyer

The Oquendo-class destroyers was a class of three Destroyers built for the Spanish Navy. The nine initially projected Oquendo-class destroyers were the most ambitious project fronted by the programs of naval construction of the post-war period in Spain; however, the adoption of Rateau/Bretagne propulsion system, being of a low reliability and high complexity, coupled with the limited capacity of the shipbuilding industry in Spain at the time, led to one of the largest investor fiascos of the Spanish Navy in the 20th Century. These ships would be assigned the names and numbers of; D-41 Oquendo, D-42 Roger de Lauria, and D-43 Marqués de la Ensenada. 
==Unit Run==
*SPS Oquendo (D-41)
*SPS Roger de Lauria (D-42)
*SPS Marqués de la Ensenada (D-43)
*SPS Blas de Lezo - cancelled
*SPS Gelmírez - cancelled
*SPS Lángara - cancelled
*SPS Bonifaz - cancelled
*SPS Recalde - cancelled
*SPS Blasco de Garay - cancelled
Category:Destroyers
Category:Ship Classes
Category:Ships
Category:Spain
Category:Spanish Navy
Orenda PS.14 Haida

The Orenda PS.14 Haida is an afterburning turbofan developed by Orenda for the CF-190 Crossbow. 
The Engine design was based around a scaled up derivative of the Eurojet EJ200's engine core. Early versions of the engine had a performance of 28,300 lbs of thrust dry and 44,200 lbs of thrust on the afterburners. Later model Haida engines generated 30,750 lbs of thrust dry and 46,000 lbs of thrust on the afterburners. The engine also has an on-board troubleshooter system developed by ATI Technologies to aid in engine maintenance. The major components are also designed with ease of replacement and repair in mind - all line-replaceable components were designed to be removed with just a handful of hand tools. This idea, copied from the Pratt and Whitney F135, when combined with the diagnostic computers, allows for faster replacement of troubled or broken parts, thus reducing the amount of time it took for the Haida to be repaired.
Originally, the Haida engine was only meant for the Crossbow, however the fact that the engine was about the same diameter as the General Electric F110 engine meant that it could also used on the Lockheed Martin CF-16K Sea Viper and Bombardier CF-184C Supercat. The first Haida powered Supercat flew on August 20th, 2012. The B-1R and F-35 would also be equipped with the Haida engine.
==Uses==
*Boeing B-1R Lancer
*Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider (proposed)
*Bombardier CF-184C/D Supercat
*Bombardier CF-190 Crossbow
*Lockheed Martin F-16CA Sea Viper
*Lockheed Martin F-35A/B/C Lightning II (proposed)
Haida, Orenda PS.14
Haida, Orenda PS.14
Haida, Orenda PS.14
Oslo-class Frigate

The Oslo-class frigate is a Royal Norwegian Navy frigate design, based on the US Navy Dealey-class destroyer escorts. The forward hull was customized to suit Norwegian sea conditions better (higher freeboard) and several sub-systems were European built.
==Unit Run==
*KNM Oslo (F300)
*KNM Bergen (F301)
*KNM Trondheim (F302)
*KNM Stavanger (F303)
*KNM Narvik (F304)
Category:Frigates
Category:Norway
Category:Royal Norwegian Navy
Category:Ship Classes
Category:Ships
Osprey-class Coastal Minehunter

The Osprey-class coastal minehunters are a class of mine countermeasures vessels that are designed to find, classify, and destroy moored and bottom naval mines from vital waterways. They use sonar and video systems, cable cutters and a mine detonating device that can be released and detonated by remote control. The Osprey-class are the world's second largest minehunters (surpassed by the Royal Navy's 200 foot (60.96 meter) Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessels) to be constructed entirely of fiberglass and designed to survive the shock of underwater explosions. Their primary mission is reconnaissance, classification, and neutralization of all types of moored and bottom mines in littoral areas, harbors and coastal waterways.
In the 2000s, six ships were also built for the navies of Egypt, Greece and Taiwan.
==Unit Run==
===United States Navy===
*USS Osprey (MHC-51)
*USS Heron (MHC-52)
*USS Pelican (MHC-53)
*USS Robin (MHC-54)
*USS Oriole (MHC-55)
*USS Kingfisher (MHC-56)
*USS Cormorant (MHC-57)
*USS Black Hawk (MHC-58)
*USS Falcon (MHC-59)
*USS Cardinal (MHC-60)
*USS Raven (MHC-61)
*USS Shrike (MHC-62)
===Republic of China Navy===
*ROCS Yung Jin (MCH-1310)
*ROCS Yung An (MCH-1311)
===Egyptian Navy===
*SAA al Sedeeq (MHC-521)
*SAA al Farouk (MHC-524)
===Hellenic Navy===
*HS Evniki (M 61)
*HS Kalypso (M 64)
Category:Egyptian Navy
Category:Hellenic Navy
Category:Mine Countermeasures Vessels
Category:Republic of China Navy
Category:Ship Classes
Category:Ships
Category:United States
Category:United States Navy
Otago-class Offshore Patrol Vessel

The Otago-class Offshore Patrol Vessels are a class of eight offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) operated by the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) since 2010.
==Specifications==
*Type: Offshore Patrol Vessel
*Service Period: 2010-Present
*Characteristics:
**Length: 279 feet (85.04 meters)
**Beam: 46 feet (14.02 meters)
**Draught: 12 feet (3.66 meters)
**Displacement: 2,094.4 tons
*Crew: 79
*Propulsion: 2 x MAN B&W 12RK280 diesel engines with a continuous rating of 5,400 kW at 1,000 rpm
*Range: 6,000 nautical miles (11,112 kilometers)
*Speed: 22 knots (40.74 km/h)
*Armament:
**1 x remote controlled MSI DS25 Stabilized Naval Mount with 25mm M242 Bushmaster cannon
**2 x M2HB .50 calibre machine guns
*Aircraft Carried: 1 x Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite or 1 x AgustaWestland AW139
==Unit Run==
*HMNZS Otago (P-148)
*HMNZS Wellington (P-149)
*HMNZS Christchurch (P-150)
*HMNZS Hamilton (P-151)
*HMNZS Napier (P-152)
*HMNZS Hastings (P-153)
*HMNZS Tauranga (P-154)
*HMNZS Dunedin (P-155)
Category:New Zealand
Category:Patrol Vessels
Category:Royal New Zealand Navy
Category:Ship Classes
Category:Ships
Otokar Tuplar

The Tulpar is a Turkish heavy infantry fighting vehicle designed by the Sakarya-based automotive manufacturer Otokar. It is named after the Tulpar, a winged horse in Turkic mythology.
The vehicle has been designed to augment Turkey's new-generation Altay MBT in operations and to safely transport infantry to the front lines while providing fire support for other armored units. The IFV is also available in variants such as reconnaissance, command-and-control, personnel carrier, mortar, recovery, launch rocket system, air defence, ambulance and anti-tank vehicles.
==Users==
*Turkey
**Turkish Land Forces
Category:Armoured Vehicles
Category:Infantry Fighting Vehicles
Category:Otokar
Category:Turkey
Category:Turkish Land Forces
Oyashio-class Submarine

The Oyashio-class patrol submarines are a class of Japanese diesel-electric submarine operated by the JMSDF. The submarines entered service in the late 1990s. The submarines are larger than the earlier Harushio-class submarines, to provide space for a flank sonar array.
==Specifications==
*Type: Patrol Submarine
*Service Period: 1998-Present
*Characteristics
**Length: 268 feet 1 inch (81.71 meters)
**Beam: 29 feet 2 inches (8.89 meters)
**Draft: 24 feet 3 inches (7.4 meters)
**Displacement: 2,750 tonnes (surfaced), 4,000 tonnes (submerged)
*Crew: 70 (10 officers and 60 enlister)
*Propulsion: Diesel-electric, 2 Kawasaki 12V25S diesel engines, 2 Kawasaki alternators, 2 Toshiba motors, 3,400 hp (2,500 kW) surfaced, 7,750 hp (5,780 kW) submerged 
*Speed:
**Surfaced: 12 knots (22.23 km/h)
**Submerged: 20 knots (37.04 km/h)
*Sensor Suite:
**Hughes/Oki ZQQ-6 hull-mounted sonar, flank arrays, 1 towed array
**JRC ZPS 6 I-band search radar
*Armament
**HU-605 21" torpedo tubes with 20 reloads for either Type 89 torpedoes or UGM-84 Harpoon AShMs
==Unit Run==
*JS Oyashio (SS-590)
*JS Michishio (SS-591)
*JS Uzushio (SS-592)
*JS Makishio (SS-593)
*JS Isoshio (SS-594)
*JS Narushio (SS-595)
*JS Kuroshio (SS-596)
*JS Takashio (SS-597)
*JS Yaeshio (SS-598)
*JS Setoshio (SS-599)
*JS Mochishi (SS-600)
Category:Japan
Category:JMSDF
Category:Ship Classes
Category:Ships
Category:Submarines
PAC MFI-17 Mushshak

The PAC MFI-17 Mushshak (Urdu: مشاق) (English: Proficient) is a license-built fixed-gear basic trainer aircraft, improved version of the Saab Safari, used by the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Air Force. It is manufactured in Kamra, Pakistan by Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC). As of 2006, 80 aircraft were manufactured. Built to MIL-Spec and fully aerobatic, it is used for training, towing and other ground support roles. An upgraded version, the PAC Super Mushshak, has also been produced by PAC.
==Users==
*Iran
**Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
*Iraq
**Iraqi Air Force
*Oman
**Royal Air Force of Oman
*Pakistan
**Pakistan Air Force
**Pakistan Army
*Saudi Arabia
**Royal Saudi Air Force
*Sierra Leone
**Sierra Leone Air Force
*Syria
**Syrian Arab Air Force
==See Also==
===Related Development===
*Saab MFI-15 Safari
*PAC MFI-395 Super Mushshak
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
Mushshak, PAC MFI-17
PAC Super Mushshak

The PAC Super Mushshak (Urdu: سپر مشاق) ("Proficient") is a primary trainer aircraft, which is a more advanced, upgraded variant of the MFI-17 Mushshak. It was designed by and is being manufactured at the Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (AMF), Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra, Punjab, Pakistan.
==Users==
*Azerbaijan
**Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force
*Iran
**Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
*Iraq
**Iraqi Air Force
*Nigeria
**Nigerian Air Force
*Oman
**Royal Air Force of Oman
*Pakistan
**Pakistan Air Force
*Qatar
**Qatar Emiri Air Force
*Saudi Arabia
**Royal Saudi Air Force
*Syria
**Syrian Arab Air Force
*Turkey
**Turkish Air Force
==See Also==
===Related Development===
*Saab MFI-15 Supporter
*PAC MFI-17 Mushshak
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
Super Mushshak, PAC
PLZ-05

The PLZ-05 or the Type 05 is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer developed by the People's Liberation Army of China to replace the Type 59-1 130mm. The PLZ-05 was officially unveiled at the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution to mark the 80th anniversary of the PLA in July 2007, and first entered service with the PLA in 2008.
==Users==
*People's Republic of China
**People's Liberation Army Ground Force x 320+ PLZ-05
==See Also==
*T-155 Fırtına
*2S35 Koalitsiya-SV
*AHS Krab
*M109 Paladin
*Panzerhaubitze 2000
*SSPH Primus
*Raad-2
*K9 Thunder
*Type 99 Self-Propelled Howitzer
Category:Armoured Vehicles
Category:Artillery
Category:China
Category:Norinco
Category:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
PLZ-45

The PLZ-45 or Type 88 is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by Su Zhezi of 674 Factory, and developed by Norinco, 123 Factory (Heilongjiang Hua'an Industry Group Company), 127 Factory (Tsitsihar Heping Machine Shop), 674 Factory (Harbin First Machine Manufacture Limited Company) and the Beijing Institute of Technology in the early 1990s for the export market. It is based on Norinco's Type 89 (PLL-01) 155 mm/45-calibre towed gun-howitzer.
==Users==
*Algeria
**Algerian Army
*China
**People's Liberation Army Ground Force
*Ethiopia
**Ethiopian Army
*Kuwait
**Kuwait Army
*Morocco
**Royal Moroccan Army
*Pakistan
**Pakistan Army
*Saudi Arabia
**Royal Saudi Land Forces
==See Also==
*2S19 Msta
*T-155 Fırtına
*GC-45 Howitzer
*M109A6 Paladin
*PLZ-05
*Panzerhaubitze 2000
*K9 Thunder
*Type 75 Self-Propelled Howitzer
Category:Algerian Army
Category:Armoured Vehicles
Category:Artillery
Category:China
Category:Ethiopian Army
Category:Kuwaiti Army
Category:Norinco
Category:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
Category:Royal Moroccan Army
Category:Royal Saudi Army
PT-76

The PT-76 is a Soviet amphibious light tank that was introduced in the early 1950s and soon became the standard reconnaissance tank of the Soviet Army and the other Warsaw Pact armed forces. It was widely exported to other friendly states, like India, Iraq, Syria, North Korea and North Vietnam. Overall, some 25 countries used the PT-76.
The tank's full name is Floating Tank–76 (плавающий танк, plavayushchiy tank, or ПТ-76). 76 stands for the caliber of the main armament: the 76.2 mm D-56T series rifled tank gun.
The PT-76 is used in the reconnaissance and fire-support roles. Its chassis served as the basis for a number of other vehicle designs, many of them amphibious, including the BTR-50 armored personnel carrier, the ZSU-23-4 self-propelled antiaircraft gun, the ASU-85 airborne self-propelled gun and the 2K12 Kub anti-aircraft missile launch vehicle.
Category:Afghan Army
Category:Armoured Vehicles
Category:Angolan Army
Category:Belarusian Army
Category:Benin Army
Category:Bulgarian Army
Category:Cambodian Army
Category:Congolese Army
Category:Croatian Army
Category:Cuban Army
Category:East German Army
Category:Egyptian Army
Category:German Army
Category:Guinea-Bissau Army
Category:Guinea-Conakry Army
Category:Hungarian Ground Forces
Category:Indian Army
Category:Indonesian Navy
Category:Iraqi Army
Category:Korean People's Army Ground Force
Category:Lao People's Army
Category:Malagasy Army
Category:Mali Army
Category:Mozambique Land Forces
Category:Nicaraguan Army
Category:Pakistan Army
Category:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
Category:People's Liberation Army Navy
Category:Polish Army
Category:Polish Navy
Category:Russian Naval Infantry
Category:Russian Army
Category:Russian Navy
Category:Slovenian Army
Category:Soviet Army
Category:Soviet Union
Category:Syrian Arab Army
Category:Tanks
Category:Ugandan Land Forces
Category:Ukrainian Ground Forces
Category:United States Army
Category:Vietnam People's Ground Forces
Category:Yugoslav Army
Category:Zambian Army
PT-91 Twardy

The PT-91 Twardy ("resilient") is a Polish main battle tank. A development of the T-72M1, it first entered service in 1995. The PT-91 was designed at the OBRUM (OBRUM for Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Urządzeń Mechanicznych – Polish for Research and Development Centre for Mechanical Appliances) and is produced by the Bumar Łabędy company, a part of the Bumar Group, a Polish technical military consortium. Changes from the T-72 include a new dual-axis stabilized fire-control system, reactive armour, a more powerful engine, transmission and new automatic loader. Unlike many other T-72 upgrades, the Polish Army PT-91s are upgraded using elements created almost exclusively by domestic companies, including a new engine, the fire control system and all communication system elements. Many of those elements were used to upgrade existing fleets of T-72 tanks in countries including the Czech Republic (T-72M4 CZ), Georgia (T-72SIM-1) and India (T-72 Ajeya Mk.2).
==Users==
*Malaysia
**Royal Malaysian Army
*Poland
**Polish Army
Twardy, PT-91
Twardy, PT-91
Twardy, PT-91
Twardy, PT-91
Twardy, PT-91
PULS

PULS (formerly known as Lynx MRL) is a multiple rocket launcher developed and manufactured by Elbit Systems (formerly Israel Military Industries) and used by the Israel Defense Forces and other countries.
It can be configured to carry a variety of rockets in two sealed pod containers: 36 (2 pods x 18 rockets each) 122mm Grad rockets; or 26 (2x13) 160mm LAR-160 or ACCULAR rockets; or eight (2x4) 306mm EXTRA rockets; two (2x1) 330mm Delilah missiles or four (2x2) 370mm Predator Hawk tactical ballistic missiles.
After the acquisition of Israel Military Industries by Elbit Systems in 2018, an upgraded and modernized version of the Lynx was developed, called the PULS (Precise & Universal Launching System). The Defense Technology Institute (DTI) of Thailand is partnering with Elbit Systems to develop a Thai version of the PULS called D-11A.
In January 2023 Denmark announced it is negotiating the acquisition of eight PULS systems for the Royal Danish Army.
In March 2023, the Dutch Ministry of Defence announced that it would acquire twenty PULS systems for the Royal Netherlands Army with the first systems to be delivered in the same year. The contract worth 305 million dollars was signed on May 18th.
On 10 October 10th 2023, the government of Spain decided to order the locally manufactured version of the PULS systems for SILAM program.
==Users==
*Azerbaijan
**Azerbaijani Land Forces
*Denmark
**Royal Danish Army
*Germany
**German Army
*Israel
**Israeli Ground Forces
*Kazakhstan
**Kazakh Ground Forces
*Netherlands
**Royal Netherlands Army
*Rwanda
**Rwandan Army
*Spain
**Spanish Army
*Thailand
**Royal Thai Army
Category:Artillery
Category:Azerbaijani Land Forces
Category:Elbit Systems
Category:German Army
Category:Israel
Category:Israeli Army
Category:Kazakh Ground Forces
Category:Royal Danish Army
Category:Royal Netherlands Army
Category:Royal Thai Army
Category:Rwandan Army
Category:Spanish Army
PZL-130 Orlik

The PZL-130 Orlik (English: Eaglet) is a Polish turboprop, single engine, two seat trainer aircraft.
==Variants==
*PZL-130 Orlik: The original aircraft with one Vedeneyev M14Pm piston engine.
*PZL-130T Turbo Orlik: Variant with a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-25P turboprop engine.
*PZL-130TM Orlik: Variant with a Walter M601E turboprop engine.
*PZL-130TB Orlik: Variant with a Walter M601T turboprop engine.
*PZL-130TC I Orlik: Variant with added Martin-Baker Mk.11, zero-zero class ejection seats and modernized avionics.
*PZL-130TC II Orlik (Garmin): Variant with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-25C turboprop, added winglets, modernized Garmin avionics and changed flight tutor's seat position.
*PZL-130TC II Orlik (GC): Variant with glass cockpit and Head-Up Display, company name is Orlik MPT (Multi Purpose Trainer).
==Users==
*Poland
**Polish Air Force
**Polish Navy
==See Also==
*Beechcraft T-6 Texan II
*Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
*Embraer EMB 312 Tucano
*Fuji T-7
*KAI KT-1 Woongbi
*Pilatus PC-7
*Pilatus PC-9
*Pilatus PC-21
*Short Tucano
*Socata TB 30 Epsilon
*TAI Hürkuş
*UTVA Kobac
Orlik, PZL-130
Orlik, PZL-130
Orlik, PZL-130
Orlik, PZL-130
Orlik, PZL-130
Orlik, PZL-130
PZL I-22 Iryda

The PZL I-22 Iryda, PZL M93 Iryda, PZL M96 Iryda, was a twin-engine, two-seat Polish military jet trainer aircraft manufactured by PZL-Mielec.
==Users==
*Poland
**Polish Air Force
==See Also==
*Aero L-39 Albatros
**Aero L-59 Super Albatros
**Aero L-159 ALCA
*BAe Systems Hawk
*Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet
*FMA IA-63 Pampa
*Kawasaki T-4
*Soko G-4 Super Galeb
Iryda, PZL I-22
Iryda, PZL I-22
Iryda, PZL I-22
Iryda, PZL I-22
Iryda, PZL I-22
PZL Kania

The PZL Kania (Polish: Kite, also marketed as Kitty Hawk) is a follow-up to the Mil Mi-2 helicopter, developed in Poland by PZL-Świdnik.
==Variants==
*Passenger Standard: Seats for pilot and 9 passengers, individual vents and lighting.
*Passenger Executive: Seats for pilot and 5 passengers, luxury finishing, silenced cockpit, individual vents, lighting and audio system.
*Cargo: Ability to carry external loads as a flying crane or to carry up to 1200 kg of load in the cabin.
*Medevac/Air Ambulance: Equipment and space for up to 4 stretchers or less with paramedic crew on board.
*Agricultural: Ability to carry up to 1000 kg of chemicals or agro loads (grains, seeds etc.) and ability to carry on one of following aerial application methods: LV spraying, ULV spraying, dustring and spreading (not built in series, only tested).
*Spitfire Taurus II/Super Kania: American version of the PZL Kania, with redesigned fuselage and single Allison 250-C28 550 HP engine, with a big central air inlet, that was to be built under license in the United States by Spitfire Helicopters but only a mock-up was built.
==Users==
*Cyprus
**Cyprus Air Force
*Libya
**Libyan Air Force
*Poland
**Polish Border Guard
*Slovenia
**Air Transport Europe
==See Also==
===Related Development===
*Mil Mi-2
*PZL W-3 Sokół
Kania, PZL
Kania, PZL
Kania, PZL
Kania, PZL
Kania, PZL
PZL SW-4 Puszczyk

The PZL SW-4 Puszczyk (en: tawny owl) is a Polish light single-engine multipurpose helicopter manufactured by PZL-Świdnik. Following a protracted development, the SW-4 entered service in 2002, the primary operator of the type has been the Polish Armed Forces. The SW-4 was further developed by PZL-Świdnik and corporate parent [AgustaWestland] into an optionally piloted vehicle, the SW-4 Solo. From 2016 onwards, the type has been marketed to civil operators as the AW009, while the SW-4 designation shall be continue to be used for the military market.
==Users==
*Poland
**Polish Air Force
==See Also==
*Bell 206
*Bell 505 Jet Ranger X
*Cicaré CH-14
*Eurocopter EC120 Colibri
*McDonnell-Douglas MD500 Defender
*Schweizer 333
Puszczyk, PZL SW-4
Puszczyk, PZL SW-4
Puszczyk, PZL SW-4
Puszczyk, PZL SW-4
Puszczyk, PZL SW-4
PZL TS-11 Iskra

The PZL TS-11 Iskra (English: Spark) is a Polish jet trainer, developed and manufactured by aircraft company PZL-Mielec. It has been used by the air forces of Poland and India. It is notable as being the first domestically-developed jet aircraft to be produced by Poland, its service for over fifty years as the principal training aircraft of the Polish Air Force, and as the oldest jet-propelled aircraft still in service in Poland. 
As a part of efforts to preserve Poland's ability to independently develop aircraft in an era of political and economic subservience to the neighboring Soviet Union, during the 1950s, Polish engineers at the Poland's Aviation Institute (IL) commenced early work upon the design of what would become the first jet aircraft to be developed in Poland. Following the death of Joseph Stalin, work on the initiative could be performed more openly and government officials became supportive of such a venture. The fledgling design was heavily influence by the requirements specified by the Polish Air Force, who had formalized a requirement for a jet-propelled aircraft for training purposes. On February 5th 1960, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight, powered by an imported British Armstrong Siddeley Viper turbojet engine. 
During 1963, deliveries of the first production model of the type, designated as the TS-11 Iskra bis A, commenced to the Polish Air Force. During the 1960s, the Iskra competed to be selected as the standard jet trainer throughout the Warsaw Pact. However, it was not selected to fulfil this significant role, the rival Czechoslovakian Aero L-29 Delfín having been chosen instead, which went on to be built in greater numbers for a wide number of export customers. Production of the TS-11 came to an end during 1987, however the type remained in service with the Polish Air Force and the Indian Air Force into the 21st century. From 1969 onwards, a handful of TS-11s have been used by the Polish Air Force's Biało-Czerwone Iskry aerobatics display team. It has also been used for aerial reconnaissance purposes. During the aircraft's later years of service, several examples have been sold onto private owners. 
==Users==
*India
**Indian Air Force
*Poland
**Polish Air Force
**Polish Navy
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11
Iskra, PZL TS-11