nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Dyer's broom

== Description ==
A yellow dye obtained from the flowers, leaves and branches of a small shrub (Genista tinctoria) native to Europe and Asia. Dyer's broom was used as a yellow dye on wool since prehistoric times. Up to the 17th century, dyer's broom was one of three yellow fabric dyes used Europe. The primary colorant in dyer's broom is genistein. It produces a strong yellow color with an alum mordant. Often woad was overdyed on the dyer's broom to produce a yellowish-greenish color known as Kendal green. In the United States, the name dyer's broom has also been used for the broomsedge plant.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Genista tinctoria; Natural Yellow 2; dyer's weed; genêt des teinturiers (Fr.); Farberginster (Deut.); genestrella (It.); retama de tintorero (Esp.); retama de tines (Esp.); ververs brem (Ned.); dyer's greenweed; woodwax; woodwaxen; genestrolle; woadwaxen; greenweed; grassing weed; broomsedge genistein; kendal green; Kendal green
== Other Properties ==
Genistein is soluble in water, ethanol, ether and alkalis.
== Risks ==
Genistein decolorizes in acids.
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Hofenk-de Graaf, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification. Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, September 1969.
* Analytical strategies for natural dyestuffs in cultural heritage objects - EU-ARTECH European research project - http://www.organic-colorants.org
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* S. Grierson, The Colour Cauldron, Oliver McPherson Ltd., 1986
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998
Category:Materials database
Dyer's greenweed (Genista tinctoria) LC

thumb|Plants of Genista tinctoria, By H. Zell - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10212397
== Description ==
The Genista tinctoria is called dyer’s greenweed or dyer's broom. It is a variable deciduous shrub growing to 60–90 centimetres (24–35 in) tall by 100 cm (39 in) wide, the stems woody, slightly hairy, and branched. Golden yellow pea-like flowers are borne in erect narrow racemes from spring to early summer.
== Historical importance ==
== Summary of results ==
Falvonoids were identified from the extraction of Genista tinctoria dyed samples. Luteolin and Genestin could possibly be the main dyeing components.
== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==
HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was performed with an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography system consisting of an automatic injector, a gradient pump, a HP series 1100 DAD, and an Agilent series 1100 VL on-line atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. Separations were done on a Vydac 214TP52 analytical column (2.1 mm diameterX250 mm; 5-ím particle size). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with a tertiary gradient of water (A),acetonitrile (B), and 1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid (C) with the following elution program: 0 min, 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; 0-55 min, a linear gradient to 35% A, 60% B, 5% C; 55-60 min, a linear gradient elution to 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 60-62 min, isocratic elution at 15% A, 80% B, 5% C; 62-70 min gradient elution to 90% A, 5% B, 5% C; and reequilibration with the latter solvent for 15 min. The mass spectrometer was run both in the negative and positive ion mode.
== Chromatograms ==
center|frame|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU)
== Sample information ==
center|frame|sample information, By R. A. Laursen, Boston University 
== Identified compounds ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|~HPLC-DAD|Luteolin.PNG~Luteolin UV-Vis|Genistein.JPG~ Genistein UV-Vis]]]
Compound 	RT (min.)	MW 	UV/vis	Other 	
Luteolin 	36.1 	286	348 	Comments here	
Genistein	38.7 	270	338 	 	
== References ==
[1]
[2]
[3]
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Reference Materials
Category:Natural Dyes
Dyer's knotgrass

== Description ==
A natural dark blue dye obtained from the Polygonum tinctoria plant native to China, Japan and Manchuria. The colorant in dyer's knotwood is indigotin. Traditionally in Japan, cloth was dyed in a hot water solution containing knotgrass and millet jelly (mizuame) after which it was dipped in cold water to precipitate the indigotin (Shimoyama et al 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
knotgrass blue; knotweed; ai (Jap.); Polygonum tinctoria; pileurt (Dan.); Knöteriche (Deut.); renouée (Fr.); duizendknoop (Ned.); rdest (Pol.);
==Resources and Citations==
* H.Schweppe, "Indigo and Woad", Artists Pigments, Volume 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. 
* S.Shimoyama, Y.Noda, S.Katshuhara, "Non-Destructive Analysis of Ukiyo-E Prints" Dyes in History and Archaeology, No.15, Paper presented in Manchester England, Nov. 1996.
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knotgrass (accessed Oct. 2004)
Category:Materials database
Dylux

== Description ==
[DuPont] A registered trademark for a photosensitive paper. Dylux® is sensitive to light in both the visible (400-500 nm) and ultraviolet range (200-400 nm). The paper has an initial yellow covering that becomes white with exposure. After exposure, the sheets are developed without the use of chemicals. The cover sheet is removed and the paper is exposed to a low intensity ultraviolet light where the previously unexposed areas turn a dark blue. Dylux® is used in lithography, photoproofing and information recording systems. It has been used to examine watermarks.
==Resources and Citations==
* R.A.Allison, "About Dylux® Proofing Paper" in Archive of Watermarks and Papers in Greek Manuscripts published online at: Archive
* The Watermark Initiative: Dylux
Category:Materials database
Dynamite

== Description ==
An explosive invented in Sweden by Alfred Nobel in 1866. Dynamite is made using a combination of diatomaceous earth soaked in nitroglycerin. The nitroglycerin is detonated using a small explosion or blasting cap filled with gasoline.
==Resources and Citations==
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Dyneema

== Description ==
[Royal DSM N.V., Netherlands] A registered trademark for a synthetic fabric that is stronger than Kevlar®. Dyneema® is composed of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. It was invented by DSM in 1979 and has been sold commercially since 1990.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Spectra [Honeywell]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Resistant to water, most chemicals, UV radiation and bacterial. 
* May creep under stress. 
* Becomes brittle below -150C
* Melting Point = 144-152 C
==Resources and Citations==
* DSM: Dynmeena Fiber
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyneema (Accessed Mar. 1, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Dynel

== Description ==
[Union Carbide] A registered trademark for a synthetic modacrylic fiber composed of 40% acrylonitrile and 60% vinyl chloride copolymer. Dynel was first introduced in 1951. Its fibers are wet spun from an acetone solution; this produced irregular ribbon shaped filaments. The thermoplastic fibers were easily dyed and had good chemical resistance. Dynel fibers were also resistant to clothes moths larvae, to carpet beetles and to mildew and fungus. The fibers were sensitive to heat and could only be ironed at the lowest setting. Pleats could be permanently set with heat. Dynel was used in knitted and woven fabrics for apparel and household furnishing. It was also used to make fake fur, wigs and doll hair. The production of Dynel has been discontinued.
== Risks ==
Fire resistant and self-extinguishing.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in acetone, cyclohexanone. Insoluble in dry cleaning solvents, hydrocarbons, acids, alkalis and water. 
* Fiber is ribbon shaped. 
* Cross section if circular to flattened oval. 
* Tenacity = 1.0-4.2 g/denier (dry or wet) 
* Elongation = 14-120 % (dry or wet) 
* Moisture regain = 0.4%
* Density = 1.31 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 12
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Dysprosium

== Description ==
Dysprosium is a naturally occurring rare earth element whose abundance is, on the average, 4.5 ppm of the earth's crust. It occurs in gadolinite, xenotime, samarskite and other rare earth mineral. Discovered in 1886, the silver-gray, soft metal that can be worked by conventional methods. Dysprosium is used a neutron-absorbing foil to detect radioactive reactions and for neutron absorbing rods in nuclear reactors. Dysprosium oxide, or dysprosia, is used as an activator for the yellow component of the phosphors used in black and white television picture tubes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dy; dysprosium oxide; dysprosia
== Risks ==
* Sensitive to air and moisture. 
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Dy (atomic no. 66)
CAS 	7429-91-6
Melting Point 	1412 C
Molecular Weight	atomic wt= 162.50
Boiling Point 	2567 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
E.C.C.O (ECCO)

= European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers' Organizations =
The European Confederation of Conservation-Restoration Organisations (ECCO) is an European umbrella organization that seeks to develop and promote, on a practical, scientific and cultural level, the profession of Conservator-Restorer of Cultural Property. ECCO represents the professional conservation bodies of 13 European countries. Since its foundation in 1991, ECCO has drawn attention to conservation-restoration issues and has authored several basic texts defining the profession, ECCO Professional Guidelines I-III; The Profession; Code of Ethics; and Basic Requirements for Education in Conservation-Restoration. (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.ecco-eu.info/
Postal Address 	Confederation Europenne des Organisations de Conservateurs-Restaurateurs A.I.S.B.L. 
rue Coudenberg 70 
BE - 1000 BRUXELLES
 BELGIUM
Contact 	barbara@davidson.sk
Information Online	Interships
Publishes newsletter
Job openings
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Membership organization
Website Languages 	English
French
German
== Comments ==
Newsletters from 1994-1999; job openings; links to member organizations; Searchable via Cool; Provides addresses for all member organzationsCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Membership organization
E.I.

== Description ==
An abbreviation for East India. 
1) E.I was commonly used as a descriptive term for hides and skins tanned in the southern part of India, near Madras (Roberts and Etherington 1982). 
2) E.I. was also used for products sold by the East India company which traded with India, southeast Asia and the islands of the East Indies. Major products included spices, tea, rosewood and natural resins that were similar to dammar and copal.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
East India
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
ECPA

= European Commission on Preservation and Access =
A former program, now inactive, the European Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA) was established in 1994 to promote activities aimed at keeping collections in European archives and libraries accessible over time. This gateway brings together libraries and archives for the promotion of the preservation of the European documentary heritage, including books, documents, photographs, films, tapes, and disks. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/
Postal Address 	ECPA 
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Kloveniersburgwal 29
P.O.Box 19121
NL-1000 GC Amsterdam 
The Netherlands
Phone 	+31 20 551 08 39
Fax 	+31 20 620 49 41
Contact 	ecpa@bureau.knaw.nl
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
List serve
Related links
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Technical info
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Projects include: SEPIA (Safeguarding European Photographic Images for Access): www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/index.htm ; Preservation Map of Europe: www.knaw.nl/ecpa/map/index.htm. ; Ink Corrosion Site: www.knaw.nl./ecpa/ink/index/htm ; Virtual Exhibition of the Ravages of Dust, Water, Moulds, Fungi, Bookworms and other Pests: www.knaw.nl/ecpa/expo/htmlCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Technical info
EDTA

== Description ==
An acronym for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and many of the metal salts derived from this acid. The metal salts, such as calcium, sodium, etc., are generically called edates. EDTA has colorless crystals that are slightly soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. EDTA is a strong chelating agent used to remove metallic salts from solutions. The use of EDTA has had some success in cleaning stains and crusts from stone. Its ability to selectively remove stains is determined by the number and type of attached metal salts. For example, disodium EDTA is acidic and quickly solubilizes calcite, while tetrasodium EDTA is basic and better dissolves gypsum (Thorn, 1993). EDTA is also used in detergents, soaps, shampoos, textiles, and food.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiNA2EDTA.jpg~FTIR|EDTA.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; n,n'-1,2-ethanediylbis(n-carboxymethyl)-glycine; edetic acid; sodium EDTA
== Risks ==
* Contact with concentrated EDTA may cause skin and eye irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: [https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=BP118500&productDescription=EDTA+%28FREE+ACID%29+500G&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&language=en SDS}
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in organic solvents.
Composition 	C10H16N2O8
CAS 	60-00-4
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 292.2
==Resources and Citations==
* A.Thorn "The Impact of Disodium EDTA on Stone" ICOM Preprints, Washington DC, 1993, p. 357-363.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 3490
* Conservation termlist at www.hants.org.uk/museums
Category:Materials database
EH

= English Heritage =
English Heritage is the Government's statutory adviser on the historic environment. Established in 1983 and officially known as the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England, English Heritage is an Executive Non-departmental Public Body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). English Heritage works to conserve and enhance the historic environment as well as to broaden access and appreciation of the heritage. English Heritage helps protect and care for for historic buildings and sites along with many parks and gardens. They produce free leaflets on conservation issues for architects, planners, archaeologists and professionals in the conservation field. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/
Postal Address 	English Heritage 
PO Box 569
Swindon 
SN2 2YP
ENGLAND
Phone 	+44 (0) 870 333 1181
Fax 	+44 (0) 1793 414926
Contact 	customers@english-heritage.org.uk
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Free Conservation leaflets Periodical - Conservation BulletinCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
ENCoRE

= European Network for Conservation/Restoration Education =
The European Network for Conservation/Restoration Education (ENCoRE) "was founded in 1997 with the main objective to promote research and education in the field of cultural heritage, based on the directions and recommendations given in the Professional Guidelines of the European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers Organisation E.C.C.O. and the Document of Pavia of October 1997. Currently ENCoRE has 30 full members and 4 associate members from among the leading conservation-restoration study programmes in Europe. In addition, 21 leading institutions and organisations working in the field of cultural heritage protection and research are partners of the network." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.encore-edu.org
Postal Address 	ENCoRE
Royal Academy of Fine Arts
School of Conservation
Esplanaden 34
1263 Copenhagen K 
Denmark
Information Online	Grant forms available online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
General
Membership organization
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Encore newsletter (annual): Available online
 Journal for Art Technology and Conservation (published with the German Association of Restorers (DRV) in German: Cummulative Table of Contents online (1987-2003) 
 List of some European Conservation Education programs
 Titles and author names for many current research projectsCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
Category:Directory: General
Category:Directory: Membership organization
EU-ARTECH

= Access, Research and Technology for the conservation of the European Cultural Heritage =
Access, Research and Technology for the conservation of the European Cultural Heritage (EU-ARTECH) is a reserch project in the frame of the 6th European Framework Programme (2004-2009) executed by a 
consortium of thirteen European organizations involved in the field of cultural heritage resarch & conservation, coordinated by the University of Perugia (Italy). These institutions are all operating in cooperative interdisciplinary programmes with conservators, archaeologists and art-historians, and therefore represent, in their own countries, an important model for the overall community concerned with study and conservation of cultural heritage. The objective of EU-ARTECH is to work towards a permanent interoperability among the participating infrastructures, establishing cooperations and exchange of knowledge with the other infrastructures in the field, in the perspective of structuring a common European research area.
A group of members of European institutions belonging to this Consortium cooperate with MFA Boston to improve CAMEO.
EU-ARTECH evolved in CHARISMA in 2009
Web Address 	http://www.eu-artech.org/
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Proceedings of technical meetings, databases, list of institutions involved in conservation science, research reports are available on lineCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
EVOH

== Description ==
1) An acronym for ethylene vinyl alcohol.
2) A brand name for a type of barrier film made by laminating a layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol with layers of nylon and/or polyethylene. EVOH/nylon barrier film = 2.3 cc/m2/day (3 mil thick).
==Resources and Citations==
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* SPNCH at www.spnch.org/concom/supplies_cdn.htm (accessed 3/17/04)
Category:Materials database
Eagle

== Description ==
Any of several large birds of prey from the family Accipitridae native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. Eagles have hooked beaks, sharp eyes, strong talons, feathered heads, and wing spans up to a meter in length. Long revered as a symbol of power and war since ancient times, eagle feathers have been used in ceremonial artifacts, necklaces, and headdresses.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
eagle feather; bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
== Additional Images ==
File:Bald eagle chicks.jpg|Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
File:Eagle_flight_USFW.jpg|Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
File:Golden Eagle.jpg|Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
== Sources Checked for Data in Record ==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Eagle." Accessed 18 Aug. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Earlywood

== Description ==
The less dense portion of the xylem produced during the rapid springtime growing season. Earlywood is typically lighter in color than the denser portion of the growth ring that forms more slowly during the summer and is called latewood and summerwood.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
springwood; bois de printemps (Fr.); madera temprana, de primavera (Esp.); lenho de primavera (Port.); legno primaticcio (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Mary-Lou Florian, Dale Paul Kronkright, Ruth E. Norton, The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Earth color

== Description ==
Paint pigments prepared by grinding native iron containing minerals. Earth colors generally contain a mixture of iron oxides and other materials such as clay, chalk, and silica. The colors vary over the range from yellow, orange, red, brown, and black with each deposit having a unique color, composition, and working characteristics. Names for these colors include ocher, sienna, and umber. Earth colors have been used since prehistoric times and are permanent in all techniques. Synthetic iron oxides, called Mars colors, have been produced since the late 18th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
earth colors; earth pigments; earth colour (Br.); colores de tierras (Esp.); pigmentos de tierras (Esp.); terre colorée (Fr.); cor terra (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database