nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Brenna Hardman

__NOTOC__ 
Brenna Hardman is CEO of Buy Side Design and a member at 1871.
Formerly, she was a director of marketing at ABN AMRO Clearing Chicago LLC and host of Pre-Market Pulse at CBOE TV.
== Background ==
In 2007, she started working on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) floor in the Eurodollar and S&P option pits. Later, in 2009, she joined the MF Global option execution group, executing orders on behalf of institutional clients in the largest option contract and pit in the world, the S&P 500. 
== Education ==
Hardman has a Bachelors Degree in Honors Finance at DePaul University and holds the Series 3, 4, 7, 24, 55 and 63 licenses.
== References ==
Category:ABN AMRO
Category:Marketing Professionals
Category:MF Global
Category:MF Global
Brent Crude Oil

Brent Blend is a combination of crude oil from 15 different oil fields in the Brent and Ninian systems located in the North Sea. Its API gravity is 38.3 degrees (making it a “light” crude oil, but not quite as “light” as WTI), while it contains about 0.37 percent of sulfur (making it a “sweet” crude oil, but again slightly less “sweet” than West Texas Intermediate). It is used as a benchmark for pricing crude oil, along with West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil.
Brent Crude Oil futures and options are traded on the Intercontinental Exchange, which also offers WTI futures. CME Group and Moscow Exchange offer Brent futures contracts as well.
== Uses ==
Brent blend is ideal for making gasoline and middle distillates, both of which are consumed in large quantities in Northwest Europe, where Brent blend crude oil is typically refined. However, if the arbitrage between Brent and other crude oils, including WTI, is favorable for export, Brent has been known to be refined in the United States (typically the East Coast or the Gulf Coast) or the Mediterranean region. The production of Brent blend, like that of WTI, is on the decline, but Brent remains the major benchmark for other crude oils in Europe or Africa. For example, prices for other crude oils in these two continents are often priced as a differential to Brent, i.e., Brent minus $0.50. Brent blend is generally priced at about a $4 per-barrel premium to the OPEC Basket price or about a $1 to $2 per-barrel discount to WTI, although on a daily basis the pricing relationships can vary greatly.
Two different prices, Dated Brent (which reflects crude oil to be delivered in the short term, over the period 10 days to one month ahead) and Forward Brent (which reflects crude oil to be delivered further forward in time, up to four months ahead) are two key components of the Brent complex.
== History ==
From the late 1980s to the early 2000s, Brent was relatively steady, other than a notable spike in 1990 and dip in 1999. It began a steady rise in 2004 that continued until 2008. In July of 2008, Brent peaked at around $145 and began to slide down again over a period of six months. However, Brent began to climb again and the climb was particularly evident in 2011.
In February 2014, Ian Taylor, CEO of Vitol, made claims that Brent was becoming a less "efficient" benchmark due to North Sea oil supplies decreasing and an increase in the number of cargoes being shipped to Asia. Taylor also believes Brent should be widened to include grades from west Africa, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Russia and the United States. 
== Data Quotes ==
The InterContinental Exchange (ICE) offers data quotes on a subscription basis.
== See Also ==
*ICE Brent Crude Oil (futures contract)
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Energy
Category:Oil
Bret Bange

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Bret Bange is head of global sales and markets of First Derivatives' suite of reference data solutions. He was hired to the position in February 2011. Bange is focused on building the firm's reference data management capabilities addressing the data-centric requirements of clients Enterprise, trading, credit/market risk, and back- and middle-office applications. 
== Background ==
Bange previously was a senior sales director in the reference and enterprise data management space with GoldenSource. Before that, he served as vice president of sales at SciVantage. And prior to that, he worked at ADP/Broadridge as vice president of sales, in securities and banking back office services.
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:First Derivatives
Brett Harrison

__NOTOC__ 
Brett Harrison is the founder and CEO of Architect Financial Technologies Inc.
He was formerly the president of FTX US. He stepped down from that role in September 2022 and said he would take on an advisory role. He joined the company as its first president in May 2021. 
He was instrumental in building out the U.S. operation of the crypto exchange giant FTX, which expanded into offering stock trading. 
In August 2022, FTX US received a cease-and-desist letter from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation due to “false or misleading statements” about certain products being eligible for insurance protection, which included a now-deleted tweet by Harrison as an example. At the time, Harrison was quoted in the press as saying, “We really didn’t mean to mislead anyone, and we didn’t suggest that FTX US itself, or that crypto/non-fiat assets, benefit from FDIC insurance.” 
== Background ==
Harrison previously spent nearly two years at Citadel Securities, moving from head of ETF technology to become head of semi-systematic technology.
Before that he was a senior software developer at Headlands Technologies.
He spent seven years at Jane Street, the quantitative trading firm where FTX's founder and CEO, Sam Bankman-Fried, got his start.
== Education ==
Harrison has both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in computer science from Harvard University.
== References ==	
Category:Citadel - Former Employees
Category:FTX US - Former Employees
Category:Jane Street - Former Employees
Category:Headland Technologies - Former Employees
Category:Crypto Exchange Executives
Brett N. Steenbarger

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Brett N. Steenbarger, Ph.D. is a clinical psychologist and active trader who has published numerous articles and books on trading psychology. He is Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, NY. 
Steenbarger has been involved in the financial markets since the late 1970s. He has served as Director of Trader Development for Kingstree Trading, LLC in Chicago and consults with traders in a number of professional trading organizations. He is the author of Enhancing Trader Performance (Wiley, 2006); The Daily Trading Coach: 101 Lessons for Becoming Your Own Trading Psychologist (Wiley Trading); and The Psychology of Trading (Wiley; 2003). His book chapters on brief psychotherapy can be found in such reference works as The Psychologist's Desk Reference (Oxford University Press, 1998), Encyclopedia of Psychotherapy (Academic Press, 2002), Clinical Strategies for Becoming a Master Psychotherapist (Academic Press, 2006), and the forthcoming editions of Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry and The Handbook of Clinical Psychology. His coedited book, The Art and Science of the Brief Psychotherapies (American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004), has been selected as a training text for psychiatry residency programs. 
He has written numerous articles on trading psychology for SFO Magazine, Trading Markets, and other trader publications. 
== Background ==
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Trading Psychologists
Brett Paulson

Brett F. Paulson is director of capital markets and trading at West Monroe Partners in Chicago. He was named to the post in March 2011.
 
== Background ==
Prior to joining West Monroe Partners he served as president and CEO, as well as founder of ETM Global, an information technology consulting company.
Before that, Paulson served as president, Viridian North America and also as a director at TradeHelm, Inc.
He was formerly president and chief operating officer of The Clearing Corporation (“CCorp”).
Before becoming COO of CCorp, Paulson was the clearinghouse's executive vice president and chief information officer, from December 2002 until February 2005. He joined CCorp's information systems department in May 1995 as the director of business application development, database administration. He was named senior vice president and CIO in December 1999. 
Prior to joining CCorp, Paulson was a vice president, fixed income trading technology at Credit Suisse First Boston in New York from 1994 to 1995. From April 1990 to January 1994, he was a director, global markets technology for Continental Bank (and later ISSC, a subsidiary of IBM). From September 1981 to April 1990, he was assistant vice president, information technology at Harris Trust and Savings Bank, a subsidiary of the Bank of Montreal in Chicago. From May 1977 to September 1981, Paulson held positions of increasing responsibility in Information Technology at International Harvester Company. 
He has served as an officer for several technology-related user groups and committees amd is currently active with the Technology Committee of the Futures Industry Association and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) Technology Advisory Committee. 
Paulson is also a member of the Executive’s Club of Chicago, Economics Club, Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestra, Lumity, The Wellness House, The Community House and several youth sports organizations. 
== Education ==
He holds an MBA with a finance emphasis from DePaul University and a Bachelor with a finance emphasis from DePaul University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics and computer science from Lewis University.
== References ==	
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Clearing Professionals
Category:BOTCC - Former Employees
Category:Credit Suisse First Boston - Former Employees
Category:Continental Bank
Brett Redfearn

__NOTOC__ 
Brett Redfearn is an American financial executive and former regulator who has played a significant role in shaping U.S. securities market structure and policy. He is best known for his tenure as the Director of the Division of Trading and Markets at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2017 to 2021. He is currently the founder and CEO of Panorama Financial Markets Advisory.
Prior to founding Panorama, Redfearn served as head of capital markets at Coinbase for five months in 2021. 
Before joining Coinbase, Redfearn served as director of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Division of Trading and Markets from November 2017 to January 2021. 
He joined Coinbase in early 2021 but resigned from the cryptocurrency exchange in July after about four months on the job. He had been head of Coinbase’s capital-markets group.
He was previously head of market structure, global markets at JP Morgan, after having served there as global head of liquidity and algorithmic trading, as well as the Americas head of products for electronic client solutions within global cash equities. 
He has been a frequent contributor at policy forums surrounding U.S. equity markets, and has been an active participant at several meetings of the SEC's Equity Market Structure Advisory Committee.
== Background ==
Previously, Redfearn was senior managing director in the global equities division at Bear Stearns & Co. where he was responsible for market structure strategy and exchange relationships.
Prior to Bear Stearns, he was at the American Stock Exchange where he was senior vice president of business strategy and equity order flow. In addition to serving on the boards of BATS Exchange and BIDS Trading, he is a regular speaker at industry events and chairs the SIFMA Equity Markets and Trading Committee.
== Education ==
Redfearn received a master's degree in political science from the New School for Social Research in New York and a bachelor's degree from The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 was made in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, and helped to establish a fixed exchange rate in terms of gold for major currencies. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was also established at this time. The system was devised by the economists Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes. It fixed the dollar's value at $35 for an ounce of gold. Governments, rather than speculators, would set the value of their currencies in relation to the dollar and would have to disclose any changes in advance to the IMF. 
For 25 years after WWII, the international monetary system known as the Bretton Woods system was based on stable and adjustable exchange rates. Exchange rates were not permanently fixed, but there were occasional devaluations of individual currencies to correct fundamental disequilibria in the British pound. Increasing pressures during the 1960s culminated in the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, when President Richard Nixon announced that the U.S. dollar would no longer be convertible to gold. The system was reluctantly replaced with a regime of floating exchange rates.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, China and other countries fixed their exchange rate to the U.S. dollar, while funding the United States' current account deficit. That era is sometimes referred to as Bretton Woods II.
Three points:
# By signing the agreement, nations were submitting their exchange rates to international disciplines. This amounted to a significant surrender of national sovereignty to an international organization. 
# A nation does not have to resort to the classical medicine of deflating the domestic economy when faced with chronic British pound deficits. Before World War II, European nations often resorted to this policy, in particular Great Britain. Even though few currencies were convertible into gold, policy makers thought that currencies should be backed by gold and willingly adopted deflationary policy after WWI. Since deflationary policy is no longer a must, the adjustable peg was viewed as a vast improvement over the gold exchange standard with fixed parity. Currencies were convertible into gold, but unlike the gold exchange standard, countries had this ability to change par values. For this reason, Keynes described the Bretton Woods system as "the exact opposite of the gold standard." 
# The dollar was the numeraire of the system, i.e., it was the standard to which every other currency was pegged. Accordingly, the U.S. did not have the power to set the exchange rate between the dollar and any other currency. Changing the value of dollar in terms of gold has no real effect, because the values of other currencies were pegged to the dollar. This is the n-th currency problem. This problem would not have existed if most of other currencies were pegged to gold or other currencies. However, none of these currencies pegged to gold because they were not convertible to into gold. 
== Video & Film ==
*BRETTON WOODS MONEY PACT SIGNED
== References ==
Brevan Howard

Brevan Howard is a hedge fund specializing in global macro. It manages assets for institutional investors around the world including sovereign wealth funds, corporate and public pension plans, foundations and endowments. It employs more than 200 team members and 60 portfolio managers with offices in London, New York, Geneva, Jersey, Hong Kong, Edinburgh and Singapore.
== History ==
Brevan Howard was founded in 2002. 
In September 2021, the company said it would launch a new unit, BH Digital, to manage cryptocurrency and digital assets. It said it would hire Colleen Sullivan, CEO of the digital arm of trading firm CMT, to lead private and venture investments in crypto.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
Aron Landy, CEO
== References ==
Brian Ager

__NOTOC__ 
Brian Ager is president foreign exchange for Bakkt. 
Previously, he was the president of the foreign exchange division of Rosenthal Collins Grouip. He took over that role in May of 2017. 
== Background ==
Ager has spent more than three decades in financial services, the majority of it in foreign exchange futures and cash markets. Before joining RCG, he was senior director of New York FX sales and trading for R.J. O'Brien & Associates, beginning in 2011. He was a director of FX sales and trading for RCG from 2009 to 2011.
Previously, Ager was vice president, FX Institutional Sales for Citibank and for RBC Capital Markets, beginning in 2000. His FX career began in 1994 at AIG International, where he started on the spot FX desk and was promoted to the FX sales desk to manage the firm's high priority clients. In 1998 he moved to the AIG head office in Greenwich, Conn. as assistant vice president of FX Institutional Sales.
Ager joined AIG Europe (UK) Ltd in 1986, working as a commercial property damage and business interruption underwriter until 1994. 
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:RCG - Former Employees
Cagegory:RJO - Former Employees
Category:RBC Capital Markets - Former Employees
Category:AIG International - Former Employees
Brian Armstrong

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__NOTOC__ 
Brian Armstrong is the CEO of Coinbase, the world's biggest exchange for trading digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ether. He is responsible for introducing much of America and the world to cryptocurrency.
== Background ==
Along with Fred Ehrsam, Brian Armstrong founded Coinbase in 2012. Before starting Coinbase, he founded universitytutor.com and worked for Airbnb.com as a software engineer. 
Coinbase, which provides one of the largest cryptocurrency trading platforms in the world, was reported to have achieved a valuation of $1.6 billion during its $100 million capital raise in August 2017. 
=== Mission-focused manager ===
Armstrong posted a blog on September 27, 2020 titled "Coinbase is a mission focused company." After acknowledging the walkouts Armstrong highlighted the following statement, "Broader societal issues: We don’t engage here when issues are unrelated to our core mission, because we believe impact only comes with focus." On September 30 Armstrong followed up with a letter to employees offering those who were dissatisfied a severance package. He also said that by staying with the company an employee was affirming their support for the "culture shift" away from social and political activism. In an October 8, 2020 blog post Armstrong reported that roughly five percent of the employees (at least 60 persons) had taken the severance offer. 
In early October 2020 the public learned through leaks to the media that Armstrong had provoked a walkout (which consisted of engineers closing their laptops due to their working from home during the novel coronavirus stay-at-home mandate) in June after the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis sparked widespread protests. According to CoinDesk, Armstrong resisted signaling publicly support for the movement Black Lives Matter, although he did tell Coinbase staff he acknowledged black lives do matter (lower case). On June 4, 2020 Armstrong tweeted "I want to unequivocally say that Black Lives Matter." The Block Crypto also first reported in October that a person had informed them that hundreds of employees had taken part in the walkout.
=== Cashing in === 
Armstrong steered the company to becoming a publicly traded company through a direct listing on Nasdaq on April 14, 2021. Subsequent filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission showed that he sold about 1.5% (749,999 shares) of his holdings that first day for about $291.8 million.
 
== Education ==
Brian Armstrong attended Rice University in Houston, Texas, where he received a Bachelors Degree in 2005 and a Masters Degree in 2006. 
== References ==
Category: digital assets
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: altcoins
Category: People
Category:Airbnb - Former Employees
Category:Deloitte & Touche - Former Employees
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Brian Bussey

__NOTOC__ 
Brian Bussey is a Washington, DC-based lawyer and former regulator who most recently served as director of clearing for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). He took early retirement in 2019 after 22 years of federal government service. 
He joined the CFTC in September of 2017. He was previously associate director for derivatives policy for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) Division of Trading and Markets, coming to that agency during the Obama administration.
== Background ==
Bussey joined the SEC in 1998, first working as senior counsel in the Office of General Counsel and then as special counsel in the Office of Chief Counsel in the Division of Trading and Markets. 
He was head of the Office of Trading Practices and Processing at the SEC, where he expanded the clearance and settlement program. He was previously assistant chief counsel in the same office from 2003 to 2009. Before that, Bussey was counsel to former SEC chairmen William Donaldson and Harvey Pitt and former acting chairman Laura Unger from 2001 to 2003. 
Before joining the SEC, he worked at the Chicago-based firm Kirkland & Ellis LLP as a corporate associate from 1996 to 1998. Early in his career, Bussey served as a law clerk to Judge E. Grady Jolly at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
== Education ==
Bussey received his JD with high honors from the University of Chicago Law School, and was awarded Order of the Coif. He received his BA, cum laude, from Pomona College, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.
== References ==	
Category:SEC
Category:SEC Officials
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Lawyers
Category:University of Chicago
Category:Kirkland & Ellis LLP - Former Employees
Category:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission - Former Employees
Category:CFTC - Former Employees
Brian Cassin

__NOTOC__ 
Brian Cassin is a New York-based market development leader for AWS. He has been with AWS since 2018. 
Previously, he was head of product and strategy, North America at Vela Trading Technologies. He started there in 2016. 
== Background ==
Cassin has more than 20 years’ experience in the financial technology industry. Before joining Vela, he was managing director, product & content, real-time solutions at S&P Global Market Intelligence. Before that he was managing director, desktop solutions, wealth management at S&P Capital IQ.
== Education ==
Cassin earned a BA from Fordham University in economics and history, and an MBA in finance and management from Fordham University's Graduate School of Business Administration.
==MarketsWiki Education==
Cassin participated in the MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity series in New York at Nasdaq in July of 2016.
== References ==	
Category:S&P Global Markets - Former Employees
Category:Vela Trading Technologies - Former Employees
Category:MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity Speaker
Brian Conlon

__NOTOC__ 
Brian Conlon, the founder and CEO of First Derivatives, worked in the capital markets starting in 1990. Before launching First Derivatives in 1996, Conlon trained at KPMG and then joined the risk management team at Morgan Stanley in London. He also worked at SunGard interacting with over 60 global financial institutions. 
Conlon died on July 28, 2019.
== Background ==
Conlon started his career in finance at KPMG. 
He was a talented Gaelic football player who played for the County Down senior team before sustaining a knee injury that ended his football career.
== Education ==
Conlon graduated from Queen's University in Belfast. 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:First Derivatives