Harbin Y-12

The Harbin Y-12 (Chinese: 运-12; pinyin: Yùn-12) is a high wing twin-engine turboprop utility aircraft built by Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG).
==Variants==
*Harbin Y-12(I): Twin-engined STOL utility transport aircraft, powered by two 500-shp (373-kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-11 turboprop engines. Prototype version.
*Harbin Y-12(II): Fitted with more powerful PT6A-27 engines.
*Harbin Y-12(III): Planned version to be fitted with WJ-9 turboprop. Evolved to Y-12C because of IV's success when WJ-9 development was completed.
*Harbin Y-12(IV): Improved version with Revised wingtips (span increased to 63 feet (19.2 meters)) and increased takeoff weight. 19 passenger seats. This version is the first aircraft in the series certified by the FAA in 1995.
*Harbin Y-12C: Basically a (IV) version with WJ-9 turboprop, used by PLAAF for aerial survey.
*Harbin Y-12D: Domestically deployed military version with upgraded engines driving four-bladed propellers, used by PLA Airborne Corps for parachute training.
*Harbin Y-12E: Variant with 18 passenger seats. PT6A-135A engines of equal horsepower but increased torque driving four-bladed propellers. This version was certified by the FAA in 2006.
*Harbin Y-12F: The latest development with almost everything redesigned: wider fuselage, new wings, retractable landing gear and more powerful PT6A-65B engines. The Y-12F has higher cruise speed, longer range and can accommodate 19 passengers or 3x LD3 containers. Design started in April 2005 and the maiden flight was on December 29th, 2010. CAAC type certification was received on 10 December 2015 and FAA certification on February 22nd, 2016. The Y-12F passed flight tests for its automatic flight control system by the FAA on June 30th, 2018. It was demonstrated during the 2012 Zhuhai Airshow.
*Harbin Y-12G: Proposed cargo version of Y-12F.
*Turbo Panda: Export name for (II) version, marketed by England and Japanese companies. No real order due to airworthiness certification.
*Twin Panda: Originally (II) version for export. Later a modified Y-12 (IV) powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprop engines and fitted with uprated undercarriage, upgraded avionics and interior. Thirty-five orders reportedly received by 2000 but production not proceeded with.
==Users==
*Cambodia
**Royal Cambodian Air Force
*People's Republic of China
**People's Liberation Army Air Force
*Costa Rica
**Air Vigilance Service
*Djibouti
**Djibouti Air Force
*Eritrea
**Eritrean Air Force
*Ghana
**Ghana Air Force
*Guyana
**Guyana Air Force
*Iran
**Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
*Iraq
**Iraqi Air Force
*Kenya
**Kenya Air Force
*Mauritania
**Mauritanian Air Force
*Myanmar
**Myanmar Air Force
*Namibia
**Namibian Air Force
*Pakistan
**Pakistan Air Force
**Pakistan Army
**Pakistan Navy
*Paraguay
**Paraguayan Air Force
*Peru
**Peruvian Air Force
**Peruvian National Police
*Seychelles
**Seychelles Air Force
*Sri Lanka
**Sri Lankan Air Force
*Tanzania
**Tanzanian Air Force
*Uganda
**Ugandan Air Force
*Uruguay
**Uruguayan Air Force
*Zambia
**Zambian Air Force
*Zimbabwe
**Zimbabwe Air Force
==See Also==
===Related Development===
*Harbin Y-11
===Comparable Aircraft===
*Antonov An-28
**PZL M28 Skytruck
*Britten-Norman Trislander
*CASA C-212 Aviocar
*Cessna 408 SkyCourier
*De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
*Dornier Do228
*GAF Nomad
*IAI Arava
*LET L-410 Turbolet
*Short SC.7 Skyvan
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