nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Duane M. DesParte

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Duane M. DesParte is the acting chairman of the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). He was designated in that role on June 4, 2021. He was appointed as a PCAOB board member by the Securities and Exchange Commission in December 2017 and sworn in on April 9, 2018. His current term expires on October 24, 2023.
He joined the board after retiring from Exelon Corporation, where he served as corporate controller and in other financial roles for 15 years, following an 18 year career in the audit assurance business.
He is currently on the governing board of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. In the past, he served on the board and executive committee of the Civic Federation of Chicago and on the board, including as chair, for the Center on Halsted.
== Background ==
DesParte, a certified public accountant, was Exelon's corporate controller for 10 years. Earlier, he also led controller and finance functions at various Exelon business units. 
Before joining Exelon, he was a partner at Deloitte for nine months, after working at Arthur Andersen from 1985 - 2002, rising to partner.
== Education ==
He graduated with highest honors from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a B.S. in accountancy. 
== References ==
Dubai Financial Market

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The Dubai Financial Exchange (DFM) is the largest financial trading exchange by turnover in the UAE, where competition is crowded. The DFM offers electronic trading focuses mainly on trading listed local securities and is majority-owned by the state-run exchange operator Borse Dubai, which recently sold DFM's counterpart Dubai International Financial Exchange -- since re-named NASDAQ Dubai.
On December 21, 2009, DFM said it planned to buy Nasdaq Dubai, its rival. The $121 million deal had been made on a commercial basis to generate cost and revenues synergies, according to its chief executive, Essa Kazim. The deal was approved by DFM’s majority shareholder, government-owned Borse Dubai, and Nasdaq OMX, which owns one-third of Nasdaq Dubai. Borse Dubai owns the remaining two-thirds.
==Background==
 
The DFM was established as a public exchange in 2000 to trade domestic securities - mostly stocks but also bonds and mutual funds. The DFM launched the same yaear as nearby UAE rival the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and five years after the nearby Doha Securities Market (now called the Qatar Exchange) was started in in neighboring Qatar. The DFM was converted into a public joint stock company in December 2005 with 80% owned by the government's exchange operator, Borse Dubai, and 20% offered to the public at a price of one UAE dirham per share. DFM's total market value stood at 1,017,114,132 UAE dirhams on July 26, 2009.
Despite the market turmoil resulting from the global financial crisis of 2008, the DFM attracted a big increase in investors last year compared to 2007. The DFM's total investor numbers jumped 26% year-on-year to 535,563, with nearly two-thirds of them UAE traders and more than 10% Omani. DFM also faces plenty of local exchange competition from recently-formed securities exchanges like Dubai Mercantile Exchange (DME), Dubai Gold and Commodities Exchange (DGCE) and NASDAQ Dubai. 
==Key Product==
The market benchmark Dubai Financial Market General Index (DFMGI) is a capitalization-weighted index of DFM stocks listed since January 1, 2004, when its base value was set at 1,000 UAE dirhams. The DFMGI jumped more than 5% in a single day on July 26 as crude oil prices continued rising to $68 per barrel and fears about the broader economy receded. In the past year the DFMGI has fallen from over 5,000 in August 2008 to around 1,700 currently.
==Key People==
Essa Kazim became DFM Executive Chairman in 2006 after serving there as director general from 1999 after earlier stints at the UAE Central Bank and the Dubai Department of Economic Development. Kazim was elected to the board of international exchange group NASDAQ OMX in March 2008 and is also currently board chairman of the Dubai Stastics Center. 
==Latest News==
Following last year's local securities-market plunge the DFM saw its own corporate 2009 first-half net profit drop by two-thirds year-on-year and its second-quarter profits fall almost 50% year-on-year, the Khaleej Times reported in July 2009. DFM Executive Chairman Essa Kazim said the Q2 results reflected "improved investor appetite" and confidence in the UAE's economy.
== References ==
Dubai Financial Services Authority

The Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) is the independent regulator of financial and ancillary services conducted in or from the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a financial free-zone in Dubai. The DFSA’s regulatory mandate covers asset management, banking and credit services, securities, collective investment funds, custody and trust services, commodities futures trading, Islamic finance, insurance, an international equities exchange (NASDAQ Dubai) and an international commodities derivatives exchange (Dubai Mercantile Exchange).
It is one of four regulators - alongside the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Insurance Authority of the UAE (IA) and the Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) - which split oversight of financial services business in the UAE. But the DFSA has exclusive jurisdiction over the DIFC.
The DFSA was built from scratch using best-practice from the international regulatory environment, modeled heavily on the centralized Financial Services Authority in the UK. 
Collective investment schemes such as property funds, Islamic (Shariah-compliant) funds, hedge funds, fund of funds, and private equity funds can now operate. The Collective Investment Law 2006 allowed the setting up of investment funds.
== History ==
== Key People ==
*Ian Johnston, Chief Executive 
*Saeb Eigner, Chairman
== References ==
category:Middle East Exchanges
category:Regulators
category:Dubai
category:Dubai Financial Services Authority
Dubai International Financial Centre

The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) is a tax-free zone established in September 2004 as the centerpiece of the Gulf emirate’s efforts to create a global financial hub, with activities ranging across capital markets, asset management, investment banking and insurance.
The state-backed facility occupies a 110-acre site in central Dubai and hosts the Dubai International Financial Exchange and the Dubai Mercantile Exchange, as well as local subsidiaries of international financial institutions and professional firms. It is governed by the Dubai Financial Services Authority, an independent regulator.
In addition to its investment in the DIFX, the centre also acquired stakes in NYSE Euronext and Deutsche Bank, and has earmarked $2 billionfor further international expansion.
== History ==
The DIFC was conceived in 2002 as part of Dubai’s efforts to diversify its oil-based economy into a global services hub encompassing tourism, trade, financial services and a range of other projects including aerospace, media and education.
The project was conceived with a new independent regulator – modeled on the UK’s Financial Services Authority – with legislation enacted for its creation in July 2003 following negotiations between the seven emirates which form the UAE.
The project fell behind schedule after two senior regulators were dismissed, raising concerns over the independence of the structure, but the first three licences were granted in September 2004, and the centre had 200 licensed members by November 2007.
== Key People ==
*Omar Bin Sulaiman, Governor
*David Eldon, Chairman
== Resources ==
v=TAidbXctOD8&eurl=http://www.silobreaker.com/ShowVideoFeed.aspx?ifid=ctl00_PageContent_CtrVideoFeedIFrame_VideoIFrame&DrillDownItems=11_ Video Of Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
== References ==
Category:Middle East Exchanges
Dubai Multi Commodities Centre

The Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) was formed in 2002 to establish the infrastructure for expanding commodities trading in Dubai, part of the emirate's efforts to create a global financial services hub. It is owned by the Dubai government.
Its projects include the development of the Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange, which launched in November 2005 and lists contracts on precious metals, steel, fuel oil and currencies.
The DMCC has also spearhead the expansion of diamond and tea trading in Dubai - it operates the Dubai Diamond Exchange and the Dubai Tea Trading Centre, and has announced plans to target the carbon trading and plastics trading, as well as explore opportunities for pulse trading. 
In March 2013 DMCC announced the launch of a sharia-compliant commodity trading platform which Islamic banks in the Gulf can use to manage their short-term fund flows. The Tradeflow platform developed by the DMCC allows trading of warehouse receipts, which represent ownership of commodities stored at warehouses. Because the warehouse receipts are based on actual trading of physical assets, the platform would allow the banks to comply with Islamic finance. The DMCC has operated a conventional trading platform for commodity receipts for years; the Islamic platform now being launched tracks the ownership of commodities in a way that gives assurance that a "true sale" of commodities is occurring. That assurance is necessary for Islamic banks to enter into murabaha contracts with each other to place their surplus funds.
== History ==
The DMCC announced plans in June 2007 to develop a carbon trading scheme with EcoSecurities
It also created the Dubai Pearl Exchange.
== References ==
category:Dubai
category:Middle East Exchanges
Duncan M. McFarland

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Duncan McFarland is the retired chairman and chief executive officer of Wellington Management Company (United States), one of the largest global, independent investment managers, and a current member of the board of directors of NYSE Euronext.
He has served as a director of NYSE Euronext and its predecessors since 2006.
Besides NYSE Euronext, McFarland served on the boards of The Asia Pacific Fund, Inc. (United States) and Gannett Co., Inc.
== Background ==
McFarland formerly served as a trustee of the Financial Accounting Foundation (parent of the Financial Accounting Standards Board) and the Clancil Foundation. 
He also currently serves as a trustee of the Bromley Charitable Trust and RARE, Inc., a global environmental organization. 
He is also a director of New Profit, Inc., a non-government organization that primarily serves inner-city constituencies.
== Education ==
McFarland holds a bachelor of arts degree from Yale University.
== References ==	
Category:NYSE Euronext
Category:NYSE Euronext - Former Board Members
Duncan Wales

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Duncan Wales is Group General Counsel in ICAP. He oversees the legal, risk and government affairs functions inside the company. He has occupied a number of senior roles within ICAP, including director of government affairs, General Counsel EMEA and Asia Pacific and senior counsel to the electronic broking division. 
== Background ==
Prior to its acquisition by ICAP in 2003, Wales was director of legal affairs at BrokerTec. And he also worked as derivatives and markets specialist for Clifford Chance LLP. 
Wales is a member of the GOC and the GRACC. He is a member of the GC 100 Group, the Council of the Wholesale Markets Brokers' Association and the City of London's International Regulatory Strategy Group. 
 
== Education ==
== References ==
Dushyant Shahrawat

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Dushyant "D" Shahrawat is a financial technology executive currently serving as a director in the FinTech Investment Banking group at Rosenblatt Securities. Rosenblatt Securities is known as the largest floor broker on the New York Stock Exchange, with over 40 years of experience in the industry.
== Background ==
=== Education ===
Shahrawat holds two MBAs from Northeastern University and MIT Sloan School of Management. He is also a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and has passed FINRA’s Series 79 exam, which licenses him as an investment banking representative.
=== Professional Experience ===
==== Rosenblatt Securities ====
Since joining Rosenblatt Securities in 2018, Shahrawat has been instrumental in the firm's FinTech Investment Banking group. His responsibilities include business development, building relationships with leading FinTech companies, investors, and financial institutions. He is also involved in thought leadership, providing insights and actionable ideas that drive banking deals such as capital raising, restructuring, and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) across both public and private markets.
Shahrawat has played a key role in several high-profile deals, including co-managing Robinhood's IPO, advising MoneyLion on its SPAC, and co-managing SOFI's $1.2 billion convertible debt offering. He spans various FinTech verticals, including digital lending, robo-advisory, capital markets, challenger banks, and InsurTech, as well as emerging areas like blockchain, decentralized finance (DeFi), and digital assets.
=== Previous Roles ===
Before his tenure at Rosenblatt, Shahrawat founded and led FINTECH Associates LLC, a FinTech advisory firm, from 2016 to 2018. The firm provided strategic advice to financial institutions and FinTech companies on market trends, innovation, and digital transformation.
He also served as a principal executive advisor at CEB (now Gartner) from 2008 to 2016, where he led a team of analysts conducting market research and advising executives from major financial institutions and technology vendors. During this period, he authored over 90 reports on industry trends and was frequently quoted in major financial publications.
=== Thought Leadership and Public Speaking ===
Shahrawat is an active thought leader in the FinTech space. He has been a senior contributor to Forbes since 2019, writing about the tech-driven transformation of the financial industry. He has also guest lectured at institutions such as Boston College, Columbia University, MIT, Northeastern University, and New York University.
He has spoken at the Monetary Authority of Singapore’s FinTech conference, advised the Chinese government on FinTech regulation, and served on the World Economic Forum's Cybersecurity committee.
==Video==
===IDX 2024===
== References ==	
Category:FINTECH Associates LLC - Former Employees
Category:CEB - Former Employees
Category:Investment Bankers
Dutch Auctions in Financial Markets

A Dutch auction is a unique auction method where the auctioneer starts with a high asking price, which is gradually lowered until a bidder accepts the price. This auction style contrasts with traditional auctions, where the price typically starts low and increases as bidders compete. Dutch auctions are employed in various financial market contexts, including initial public offerings (IPOs) and the sale of government securities.
== Dutch Auctions and IPOs ==
=== How Dutch Auctions Work in IPOs ===
In a Dutch auction IPO, investors submit bids indicating the number of shares they wish to purchase and the price they are willing to pay. The company then sorts these bids in descending order of price and allocates shares starting from the highest bid downwards until all shares are sold. The price at which the last share is sold becomes the uniform price that all successful bidders pay, regardless of their initial bid.
=== Advantages ===
* Democratization of IPOs: Dutch auctions can democratize the IPO process by allowing a broader range of investors, including small investors, to participate. This contrasts with traditional IPOs, where shares are often allocated primarily to institutional investors.
* Efficient Price Discovery: The process can lead to efficient price discovery, as the final price reflects the highest price that investors are willing to pay.
=== Disadvantages ===
* Potential for High Prices: Without the underpricing typically seen in traditional IPOs, Dutch auctions may result in higher initial prices for shares.
* Risk of Poor Analysis: Investors, who may lack the expertise of investment bankers, could misprice shares, leading to volatility in the stock's market performance post-IPO.
* Notable Example: Google's IPO
One of the most prominent examples of a Dutch auction IPO was Google's initial public offering in 2004. Google opted for this method to avoid the significant first-day price "pop" often seen in traditional IPOs. Despite its innovative approach, Google's IPO faced challenges, including negative press and investor skepticism, resulting in a lower-than-expected opening price.
== Other Uses of Dutch Auctions ==
Beyond IPOs, Dutch auctions are also used in the issuance of government securities such as Treasury bills, notes, and bonds. In these cases, investors submit bids with their desired yield rates, and the securities are allocated starting from the lowest yield bid upwards until the issue is fully subscribed.
== References ==
Category:Auction Theory
Category:Financial Markets
Category:Initial Public Offerings
Category:Stock Market
Category:Corporate Finance
Category:Market Structure
Category:Investment
Category:Public Offerings
Category:Pricing Strategies
Category:Financial Economics
Dwight W. Anderson

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Dwight W. Anderson is the principal and portfolio manager of Ospraie Management, LLC.
Anderson wrote a letter to investors informing them that by August of 2008, Ospraie's flagship fund had $2.8 billion invested, but it had a negative return of 26.72 percent after commodities and related equities fell into a six-week tailspin "characterized by some of the sharpest declines in these sectors in the past 20 years." The result was that the firm had to close its flagship fund.Anderson was himself one of the largest investors in the Ospraie Fund L.P.
As of September of 2008, Ospraie still managed $4 billion in other investment funds, including a special opportunities fund. 
== Background ==
Anderson got his start in the business working under Julian Robertson at Tiger Management. In 1999, he moved to John Paul Tudor's hedge fund firm, where he started managing his own fund; in 2004 he spun out Ospraie Management as an independent firm. Lehman Brothers took a 20 percent stake in Ospraie Management in 2005. Anderson didn't have a losing year until 2006, when his flagship fund lost 19 percent in the first five months of the year. It took another hit in mid-2007 as the credit markets began to freeze up.
== Education ==
He received an MBA from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Kenan-Flagler Business School. He eventually received an MBA Alumni Merit Award from the school.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Dynamics of Foreign Exchange

A free online course, which is self-paced -- "Dynamics of Foreign Exchange" -– offers traders with some knowledge of the foreign currency markets an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of the FX market and trading CME Group FX futures.
Topics include:
*History and concepts of FX 
*Trading CME Group FX futures and options 
*Currency pricing - spot, futures and cross-rates 
*How to use CME E-quivalents® 
*Hedging with FX 
*Concepts of fundamental and technical analysis in FX markets 
*Basic FX trading strategies
For more advanced market participants, there's an online program entitled "Advanced Strategies for Foreign Exchange Traders". 
== Also See ==
CME Group foreign currency products 
== References ==
== Resources ==
CME Group Web site
E*TRADE Securities LLC

E*TRADE Securities LLC is a registered broker-dealer providing brokerage services and security-underwriting. It is a separate, but affiliate company to E*Trade Financial, as is E*Trade Bank.
== History ==
In January of 2009, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) announced that it had imposed a $1 million fine against E*Trade Securities, LLC and E*Trade Clearing, LLC, collectively, for failing to establish and implement anti-money laundering (AML) policies and procedures that could reasonably be expected to detect and cause the reporting of suspicious securities transactions. 
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
Louis Klobuchar Jr., President and Chief Brokerage Officer
== References ==
E-Micro Gold Futures

E-Micro Gold Futures 	E-Micro Gold Futures 	
Contract Unit 	10 troy ounces 	
Price Quotation 	U.S. dollars and cents per troy ounce 	
Trading Hours 	Sunday - Friday, 7:00 p.m. - 7:45 a.m. CT and
Monday - Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 1:45 p.m. CT 	
Minimum Price Fluctuation 	0.10 per troy ounce = $1.00 	
Product Code 	CME Globex: MGC
CME ClearPort: MGC
Clearing: MGC
TAS: MGT 	
Listed Contracts 	Monthly contracts listed for any Feb, Apr, Jun, Aug, Oct, and Dec in the nearest 24 months 	
Settlement Method 	Deliverable 	
Termination of Trading 	Trading terminates on the third last business day of the contract month. 	
Trade at Marker or Trade at Settlement Rules	Trading at Settlement is eligible in the first, second and third active contract month - February, April, June, August, December. 	
Settlement Procedures 	Micro Gold Futures Settlement Procedures 	
Position Limits 	COMEX Position Limits 	
Exchange Rulebook 	COMEX 120 	
Price Limit or Circuit 	Price Limits 	Price Limits
Vendor Codes 	Quote Vendor Symbols Listing 	
Delivery Period 	Delivery may take place on any business day beginning on the first business day of the delivery month or any subsequent business day of the delivery month, but not later than the last business day of the current delivery month.	
Grade and Quaity 	Gold delivered under this contract shall assay to a minimum of 995 fineness. 	
== Notes ==
The E-micro Gold Futures contract was launched on October 4, 2010. The contract is for 10 ounces of gold and intended to appeal to individual investors and Commodity Trading Advisors. CME waived fees for six months, until April 2011.
* Each E-micro contract yields one Accumulated Certificate of Exchange (ACE), which provides ten percent ownership in a 100-ounce gold bar.
* Ten ACEs can be converted into an official COMEX licensed gold warrant, representing an actual serial-numbered bar of gold. 
 
Gold delivered under this contract shall assay to a minimum of 995 fineness.
==Resources==
E-Micro Gold Contract Specs
== References ==
Category:E-Micro Gold Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Contracts Traded on CME Group
Category:Precious metal Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Data in Template
E-mini IPOX 100 U.S. Index Futures

E-mini IPOX 100 U.S. Index Futures 	E-mini IPOX 100 U.S. Index Futures
Contract Unit 	$10 x IPOX 100 U.S. Index
Trading Hours 	CME Globex: Sunday - Friday 6:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) with trading halt 4:15 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.
BTIC: Sunday - Friday 6:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. ET
Clearport: Sunday - Friday 6:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. ET
Minimum Price Fluctuation 	Outright: 0.25 Index points, equal to $2.50 per contract.
Calendar spreads: 0.25 Index points, equal to $2.50 per calendar spread.
Product Code 	CME Globex: IPO
CME ClearPort: IPO
Clearing: IPO
BTIC: IPT
Listed Contracts 	5 Nearest March Quarterly Months
Settlement Method 	Financially Settled
Termination of Trading 	Trading terminates on the 3rd Fri of the quarterly months.
If Index is not scheduled to be published on such Fri, contract shall expire on first preceding business day on which Index is scheduled to be published.
Trade at Marker or Trade at Settlement Rules	Trading at Settlement is eligible in the first, second and third active contract month - February, April, June, August, December.
Settlement Procedures 	Settlement Procedures
Position Limits 	CME Position Limits
Exchange Rulebook 	CME 392
Block Minimum 	Block Minimum Thresholds
Price Limit or Circuit 	Price Limits
Vendor Codes 	Quote Vendor Symbols Listing
== Notes ==
==Resources==
CME Group E-mini IPOX 100 U.S. Index Contract Specs
Category:Sponsored Pages
Category:Sponsored Pages - CBOE
Category:Stock Market Index Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Contracts Traded on CME Group
Category:Equity Futures Contracts
Category:Futures Data in Template