Latin language

Latin (lingua latina) was an ancient Human language spoken by the Romans in antiquity. It was also the official language of the Romans. With time Latin evolved to many other languages, such as Italian, Spanish, and French. More than half of the vocabulary of the English language had its origin from French and Latin, and the language was used long after extinction for certain ceremonial purposes, such as mottoes, and the names of certain star systems and planets.
Species native to Earth were given both a Latin name and a common name. (; )
Many Earth proverbs were in Latin and were often used as mottos of starships or installations. A course based on this language was taught at Starfleet Academy. ()
When Wesley Crusher was on leave from Starfleet Academy, Captain Jean-Luc Picard checked on his Latin by asking him:
:"Quomodo tua Latinitas est?" ([ˈkʷoːmɔdɔ ˈtuːa laˈtiːnɪtas ɛst]; "How is your Latin?")
Wesley responded:
:"Praestat quam prius." ([ˈprajstat kʷam ˈpriːʊs]; "It's better than before.")
whereupon the Captain responded:
:"Oppido bonum." ([ˈɔpɪdɔ ˈboːnʊm]; "Very good.") ()
When counseling a de-aged Picard about his options, Deanna Troi suggested he go back to Starfleet Academy and brush up on his Latin, a suggestion he balked at. ()
The term arboretum is derived from the Latin word for tree, arbor ([ˈarbɔr]). This connection was noted by the Cairn Hedril in 2370. ()
Q remembered Vash was called persona non grata ([pɛrˈsoːna nɔn ˈgraːta]), meaning "an unwelcome person", on Betazed. ()
According to the Exarch Hadran of the Nehelik Province on the planet Rakhar, Croden was declared guilty in absentia (meaning, "in the absence") for crimes against his world. ()
The holographic Henry Burleigh advised his governess Lucille Davenport, played by Captain Kathryn Janeway: "In ullam rem ne properemus" ([ɪn ʊllam rɛm nɛ prɔpɛˈr eː mʊs]; "Let's not rush into anything"), and asked her whether her Latin was a little rusty when the Captain didn't understand his remark. Janeway admitted that her Latin was indeed a little rusty. () 
The holographic Seamus attempted to exorcise the spirit folk (actually the crew of ) in 2376 by saying, "Ex labis caelestium sanctorum super ad aures atrorum larvarum mentientium." He followed up by translating the phrase: "From the lips of the heavenly saints above, to the ears of the dark and lying spirits". ()
D'Vana Tendi spoke in Latin, stating "utique, saeculorum lapsu…" (meaning "of course, the fall of the ages") as she followed O'Connor around attempting to assist him with his spiritual ascension. ()
In 2401, the Borg Queen told Jack Crusher that she had considered the names Regenerati and Puer Dei for him, causing him to note her fondness for Latin. ()
In 3190, Dr. Kovich assured Captain Michael Burnham "experto credite" ("trust the expert") in attempting to understand Zora's new found sentience. ()
 Latin expressions
Phrase 	Translation 	Application 	Citation
Ad Astra per Aspera 	"To the stars through hardship" 	Earth Starfleet, 2161 	;
Ad infinitum 	"To infinity" 	 	
Ad hoc 	"To this" 	Spoken by Data 	
Alter ego 	"Other I" 	Spoken by Balok, James T. Kirk, and The Doctor 	;
Alibi 	"Elsewhere" 	Spoken by Odo, Dukat, Kira Nerys 	, et al.
Audentes fortuna iuvat 	"Fortune favors the bold" 	 	
Audentes Fortuna Imperii 	"The bold (are) the fortune of the empire" 	 	
Aurora borealis 	"Northern dawn" 	A natural phenomenon observed at northern regions of Earth, like Alaska. 	
Bona fide 	"With good faith" 	Spoken by Paul Stubbs and Alicia Travers 	;
Bonus 	"Good" 	Spoken by 	, et al.
Caveat emptor 	"Let the buyer beware" 	Applied to the Ferengi Alliance tactics by Data 	
Circa 	"Around" 	Used for dating an approximate time 	, et al.
Cogito ergo sum 	"I think, therefore I am" 	Cited by when fighting for the right to exist outside the holodeck. 	
Credo 	"I believe" 	 	;
Cum laude 	"With praise", "With honor" 	Latin honor for a graduate in the top 25 to 30% of their class 	
Deus ex machina 	"God from the machine" 	Used by Kathryn Janeway to describe her alterations to the Insurrection Alpha holonovel. 	
Ego 	"I" 	Spoken by Eve McHuron 	, et al.
Et cetera 	"And the rest" 	Spoken by Leonard McCoy, Ronald Tracey and Geordi La Forge 	;
Excelsior 	"Higher" 	Spoken by 	
Ex astris scientia 	"From the stars, knowledge" 	Starfleet Academy 	
Ex luna scientia 	"From the moon, knowledge" 	NASA 	
Experto credite 	"Trust the expert" 	Spoken by Kovich 	
In memoriam 	"Into memory" 	Inscribed onto a memorial to the Starnes Expedition Party 	
In utero 	"In the uterus" 	 	
Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges 	"In time of war, the law falls silent" 	Applied to Section 31 tactics by William Ross 	
Lux 	Light 	Literal translation for unit of measure 	
Modus operandi 	"Method of operation" 	 	
Modus vivendi 	"Way of life" 	Agreement between conflicting parties so they can live in peace 	
Non sequitur 	"It does not follow" 	Spoken by Nomad and Tuvok 	;
Per se 	"In itself" 	Spoken by Phlox, Data, Mora Pol, The Doctor 	; ; ;
Psychopathia Sexualis 	Psychopathy of 	 	
Puer Dei 	"Child of God" 	Spoken by the Borg Queen 	
Regenerati 	"Rebirth" 	Spoken by the Borg Queen 	
Res Gesta Per Excellentiam 	"Achievement through excellence" 	NASA 	
Stat 	abbreviation of statim, "immediately" 	 	, ,
Status quo 	"state in which" 	Describing the existing condition or state of affairs 	et al.
 	"unknown land" (or more poetically, "undiscovered country")	Spoken by James T. Kirk 	
 	"Time Flees" or "Time Flies" 	Spoken by Braxton 	
Versus 	"Against" 	Spoken by Malcolm Reed, , James T. Kirk, Areel Shaw, Benjamin Sisko, Quark, Tom Paris, Judge Q	; ; ;
Vice versa 	"The other way around" 	Spoken by David Marcus 	
Võx 	"Voice" 	Spoken by the Borg Queen 	
== Latin-named starships ==
*Fesarius
*
*, meaning "close"
== Appendices ==
=== Background information ===
Seventeen episode titles derive from Latin words or phrases: 
* – Literally meaning "Under the rose", an expression meaning "secretly". 
*
** – "The persons of the drama", a term often used for the cast list of a play. 
** – literally "Amongst arms the laws become mute", but translated by Bashir as "In times of war, the law falls silent"
*
** – "After the fact"
** – "It does not follow"
** – "Other self"
*
** – "New Earth"
** – "Lone Voice"
*
** – "If you want peace, prepare for war"
** and – "Solid Earth"
*
** and – "Even in Arcadia, I can be found", with "Arcadia" referring to a peaceful place, and "I" referring to death or the deceased.
** – "Voice"
* – "Truth"
*
** – "Remember you must die"
** – "To the stars through hardship"
Additionally, the episode title references the Latin phrase "terra firma".
Others derive from proverbs or expressions that come to us from Latin-language authors:
* – From Juvenal's Tenth Satire (panem et circenses) 
* – From Juvenal's Sixth Satire (Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?) 
*
** – From Suetonius's The Life of the Divine Julius (iacta alea est) 
** – From Virgil's Aeneid (Audentis Fortuna iuvat, "Fortune favors the bold") 
The phrase "better late than never" originated from the Latin-language book A History of Rome, as explained by Icheb in , though the original Latin phrase, "potiusque sero quam nunquam", was not used.
Latin often combined with Ancient Greek and Arabic is used to name many stars and space bodies – e.g. Proxima Centauri, Sirius, Vulcan, Cruces system, 61 Cygni etc. It is also used for Earth's Sun, Sol, and Earth itself, "Terra", and other locations within the solar system, e.g. Utopia Planitia Fleet Yards.
James T. Kirk's middle name, Tiberius, is a Latin language name.
In the Picard family album, there is a coat of arms bearing the Latin inscription, "Urbs Prima In Indis (English translation, "First City in India".)
==External links==
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de:Latein
Category:Earth languages
Category:Starfleet Academy courses