nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Webbing

== Description ==
A strong, narrow band of fabric used for seat belts, fan belts, harnesses, and straps. Webbing was originally made from cotton but is now made from numerous fibers including elastomers such as spandex and natural rubber.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Webbing clothes moth

== Description ==
A slender, elongated moth, Tinea bisselliella and related species. Webbing clothes moths are light sensitive and prefer darkened spaces such as storage cabinets and boxes. Adult webbing clothes moths are golden yellow with with a tuft of darker hair on their head. They have a wing span of 8 to 10 millimeters. Eggs hatch in 4 to 10 days then the larva feed for 30-35 days. The larvae stage feeds on proteinaceous media, such as woolen fabrics, hair, fur, hides, and feathers. The 8-10 mm long white larvae leave a trail of silk as they graze. They pupate into moths in 8 to 28 days then just live long enough to mate and lay new eggs (4 to 7 days).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
clothes-moth; tineid moth; webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella); casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella); white-tip clothes moth (Trichophaga tapetzella)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Not attracted to black light or artificial light. 
* Detected by damaged fabrics, frass, and/or silken webs.
==Resources and Citations==
* MuseumPests.net: Webbing Clothes Moth
* L. Zycherman, J.R. Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC, Washington, DC, 1988. 
* R.Norton, "A Case History of Managing Outbreaks of Webbing Clothes Moth" ICOM Preprints, Edinburgh 1996, Vol. I, pp. 61-67.
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "tineid moth." Accessed 13 Oct. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Weddellite

== Description ==
A white, glassy mineral composed of calcium oxalate dihydrate. Weddellite, and whewellite, are two calcium oxalate minerals which form on the surface of carbonaceous minerals in the presence of microbiological organisms such as lichens. The mineral obtained its name when small crystals of weddellite were found in the sediment of the Weddell Sea near Antartica.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weddelite (sp); calcium oxalate; wedelita (Esp.); weddelite (Port.); Weddelit (Deut.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Colorless, transparent, tetragonal crystals. 
* Luster = vitreous 
* Streak = white 
* Fracture = conchoidal
Composition 	Ca(C2O4)-2H2O
Mohs Hardness 	4.0
Density 	2.02 g/ml
Molecular Weight	164.13
Refractive Index	w=1.523, e=1.544
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Weddellite 
* M. del Monte, C. Sabbioni, G.Zappia. The origin of calcium oxalates on historical buildings, monuments and natural outcrops. The science of the total environment 67, (1987), pp. 17-39 
* B. Ford, I.MacLeod, P.Haydock, "Rock art pigments from Kimberley region of Western Australia: identification of the minerals and conversion mechanisms." Studies in conservation 39, no. 1 (1994), pp. 57-69
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddellite (Accessed Sept 2, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Weep hole

== Description ==
A hole built into a sill or wall as a drain for accumulated moisture.
==Resources and Citations==
* Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1984
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Weeping

== Description ==
The slow dripping or oozing of a liquid. Weeping can occur in the interior of buildings due to poor drainage, internal leaks, or changes in the water table. Liquid drops can form on the exterior of glass due to its reaction with formic acid and moisture. 
See also leakage water.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weep; ooze
==Resources and Citations==
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Weeping willow

== Description ==
A deciduous tree of the willow family, Salix babylonica, native to China. Weeping willow trees have long, slender drooping branches. The branches have been used for wattle and basketmaking. See willow.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Salix babylonic; saule pleureur (Fr.); sauce llorón (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "willow." Accessed 27 Oct. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Weft

== Description ==
The weft is the horizontal thread in a woven fabric. Also called filling threads, the weft are passed over and under alternate warp threads to produce the woven pattern.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
woof; filling; trama (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Weft insertion fabric

== Description ==
A tricot knitted fabric made with an added filling yarn in the weft direction. Weft insertion fabric has been made since 1969. It is stronger and more snag resistant than regular knits. Weft insertion fabric is used for clothing, interfacing, and household items.
==Resources and Citations==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Weighting

== Description ==
A process of loading yarns or fabric with minerals or organic materials. Weighting fabrics increases their body, thickness and stiffness. From early times, silk fibers were sometimes weighted with sugar or gum to replace sericin that was lost during processing. From as early as 1548, tannins were used for weighting silk, often in combination with iron salts. Iron salts (sulfate, acetate, nitrate, tannate) were later used as a mordants and weighting agents in blue and black silks. From the mid-19th century, silk was weighted industrially using tin salts. By the end of the 19th century, several other metal salts were also being used. Metal salts usually accelerate degradation of the silk fibers. Examples of materials that have been used for weighting fabrics are: sugar, gum, starch, chalk, oil, wax, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic polymers, tannins, and inorganic salts of aluminum, tin, iron, lead, magnesium, tungsten, and zinc.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weighted silk
== Risks ==
* Weighted fabrics are more susceptible to damage from sunlight, salts, perspiration and solvents.
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Bogle, "The Deterioration of Silks through Artificial Weighting" Textile Conservation Center Notes, No.11, Merrimack Valley Textile Museum, MA, 1979.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Weld-On 40

== Description ==
[IPS Corp.] Original brand name for a 2-component acrylic cement adhesive. An equivalent product, SciGrip 40, is made by the IPS Corporation. It is a low VOC adhesive primarily used for bonding thermoplastics and metals. Component A (base resin: 40-65% methyl methacrylate monomer is mixed with component B (catalyst /initiator: <15% benzoyl peroxide) in a ratio of 20:1.
==Resources and Citations==
* SciGrip (Weld-On) 40 SDS
* Assembly Adhesives: Weld-On
Category:Materials database
Weld (join)

== Description ==
A junction of a thermoplastic materials (metal or plastic) sealed with heat and pressure. A weld join can be made with the high heat produced by: 1) an oxyacetylene torch, 2) an electric arc, 3) electrical resistance, 4) ultrasonic vibrations or 5) an electron beam. In ancient times, metals were welded using gold or silver solder. Later forge welding was used by blacksmiths to heat and hammer metals together.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
soudure (Fr.); Schweißung (Deut.); soldadura (Esp.); soldadura (junta soldada) (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Weld dye

thumb|Yellow in woman's shawlMFA 59.22 
== Description ==
A natural yellow dye extracted from the flowers, leaves and stems of the dyer's rocket plant, Reseda luteola. Weld has been used since Roman times and was widely cultivated in Europe during the Middle Ages. It was the most popular yellow dye until it was replaced by quercitron (18th c.) and by synthetic dyes (19th c.). The primary coloring matter in weld is luteolin; it is extracted in a hot alkaline solution made with boiling water and potash. Depending on the mordant, weld produces colors ranging from bright yellow (tin) to gold (aluminum) to green (iron). Although weld has the best lightfastness of any natural yellow, it still is not permanent. Weld was used to dye wool and silk, stain wood, and make lake pigments used in miniature paintings.
* See [Dye Analysis (weld)]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Reseda luteola; Natural Yellow 2; gaude (Fr.); Gelbkraut (Deut.); Erba guada (It.); gualda (Esp.); woude (Ned.); extract de gaude; wau; wanda; wold; woulds; arzica; gaude yellow; dyer's mignonette; lutum; wild woad; luteolin; dyer's rocket; dyer's weed; sawwort; yellow weed;
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Luteolin is soluble in ethanol, hot water, ethyl ether, alkali solutions.
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Hofenk-de Graaf, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, September 1969.
* Analytical strategies for natural dyestuffs in cultural heritage objects - EU-ARTECH European research project - http://www.organic-colorants.org
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974
* R. Newman, E. Farrell, 'House Paint Pigments', Paint in America , R. Moss ed., Preservation Press, New York City, 1994
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996
* J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 283
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Weld steel

== Description ==
**turned off view because same as puddle steel**A type of steel used in the late 19th century to the present, that could be welded by hammering (Bucher 1996). 
See puddle steel.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
puddle steel;
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Website: http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/weld+steel
Category:Materials database
Welsh slate

== Description ==
A fine-grain, blue-black slate quarried in Wales since 1827. Welsh slate is used for roofing, flooring, billiard tables, blackboards, and decoration.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Website: http://www.penmorfa.com/Slate/history.htm
* Website: www.data-wales.co.uk/slate.htm
Category:Materials database
Wenge

== Description ==
A dense, dark-colored wood obtained from the Millettia laurentii trees native to tropical regions of Africa.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Millettia laurentii; wengué (Fr.)
== Risks ==
* Skin contact and inhalation of dust causes irritation. 
* Splinter wounds take a long time to heal.
==Resources and Citations==
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Congo." Accessed 27 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
West Point granite

== Description ==
A coarse, dark gray biotite gneiss granite quarried near West Point, New York (Lent 1925). West Point granite was used locally for the academy buildings.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Western hemlock

== Description ==
A strong, tall hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla, native to the northwestern Pacific coast of Canada and the U.S. The western hemlock produces a soft, lightweight wood with a straight, fine grain. Peak production was in 1927. The lumber was used for millwork, construction, boxes, fences, and boats.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Tsuga heterophylla; Pacific hemlock; west coast hemlock; werstern hemlock-spruce; hemlock fir; Prince Albert's hemlock
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Height = 50-70 m, diameter up to 3m; branches are drooping
* Bark = thin, brown with furrows
* Leaves = needles are 5-23 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide
* Density = 28 pcf
* Cones = small, cylindrical (14-20 mm long)
* Density = 28 pcf
Paper fiber type: softwood. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by the presence of small piceoid and cupressiod ray parenchyma pits. Ray tracheids are non-dentate and usually collapsed. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: varies with pulping method. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 4.2mm; width, 30-40 μm. Common pulping method: kraft (sulfate) and sulfite.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 394
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* External source or communication Comment: West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Seattle, Wash.: air-dry weight = 28 pcf
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "hemlock." Accessed: 19 Oct. 2004 .
* Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995.
* Walter Rantanen. 'Fiber ID Course.' Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
Category:Materials database
Western larch

== Description ==
A deciduous conifer, Larix occidentalis, that is part of the larch family. It grows in the northwestern parts of North America from Montana to British Columbia. The strong, durable, close-grain wood is used for construction, cabinetry, furniture, telephone poles, and railroad ties. Arabinogalactan is extracted from the sap.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tamarack; larch fir; Larch occidentalis
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Density = 36 ppcf
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 437
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Western Pine Association, Portland, Oregon: air-dry weight = 36 pcf
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "larch." Accessed 27 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Western oak

== Description ==
Any large white oak trees (e.g., Quercus garryana, Quercus lobata), native to the western coast of North America. Commonly found in the Willamette Valley, the Oregon white oak (Q.garryana) has a light brown bark with rectangular fissures. The California white oak (Q. lobata) has dark green leaves and large acorns.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Garry oak; Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana); California white oak or valley oak (Quercus lobata)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "white oak." Accessed: 27 Oct. 2004 .
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Quercus_species
Category:Materials database
Western red cedar

== Description ==
A large red cedar, Thuja plicata or Thuja gigantea, native to the northwestern United States, Canada, and Alaska. The giant arborvitae, or western red cedar, tree can reach 200 feet in height. It was introduced into England and France in 1853 for lumber and as an ornamental tree. These giant red cedars produce a soft, knot-free, reddish-brown, aromatic lumber. They weather to a silvery gray color and are very resistant to fungi and moisture. Red cedar wood was used by native Americans of the Pacific coast for giant war canoes and totem poles. Additionally fibers prepared from strips of the inner bark were woven into blankets, baskets, mats, and cords by the Haida, Salish, Kwakiutl and Tlingit tribes (King and Hartley 1979). Currently red cedar is used for shingles, poles, fences, tanks, closet liners, and cedar chests.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Thuja plicata; Thuja gigantea; cèdre rouge (Fr.); Rotzeder (Deut.); cedro rosso (It.); cedro dulce (Esp.); tuia-gigante (Port.); stinking cedar; shinglewood; canoe cedar; western red cedar; British Columbia cedar; giant cedar; Pacific red cedar
== Personal Risks ==
Inhalation of dust and skin contact may cause allergic reactions.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Color: red brown with yellow streaks. Rings: distinct. Pores:absent. Grain: faint. Rays: obscure. Soft, lightweight aromatic.
Density 	23 ppcf
Molecular Weight	specific gravity = 0.38
== Additional Images ==
File:05_WesternRedCedar.jpg|Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Rad.jpg|Giant arborvitae radial (Thuja gigantea) 
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Tan.jpg|Giant arborvitae tangential(Thuja gigantea) 
File:19_Arborvitae_100x_Tran.jpg|Giant arborvitae transverse (Thuja gigantea) 
File:W red cedar 40x.jpg|Western red cedar paper pulp (Thuja plicata)
File:W red cedar 10x.jpg|Western red cedar paper pulp (Thuja plicata)
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.King, E.Hartley, "Unusual Fibers Used in Northwest Coast Ethnographic Textiles, Their Preparation & Their Structure", Technology & Conservation, 1/79.
* West Coast Lumbermen's Association, Seattle, Wash.: air-ddry weight = 23 pcf
* H.L.Edlin, What Wood is That?, Viking Press, New York, 1969
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 808
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Western white pine

== Description ==
A large conifer tree, Pinus monticola, found on the north-facing slopes of the western mountains in the U.S and Canada. The Western White pine can grow to heights of 175' with diameters of 8 feet. The distinctive tree has short, symmetrical branches on its top half. The pale green needle grown in bunches of five, and the long (12") cones are slightly curved. The wood from the Western white pine is lightweight and evenly textured with a light-color and coarse-grain. The wood iss used for construction and millwork includeing furnitue, cabinets and shelves. Its production peaked in 1930.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pinus monticola; white pine; silver pine; Idaho white pine; California mountain pine
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Density	22-31 ppcf
== Working Properties ==
Western white pine is harder the Eastern white pine, but can still be work with either hand or power tools. It has little pitch and does not easily splinter. The small knots do not typically fall out, but should be sealed prior to applying a coating.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Wood Magazine: https://www.woodmagazine.com/materials-guide/lumber/wood-species-3/western-white-pine (accessed April 2020)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 613
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Western Pine Association, Portland, Oregon: air-dry weight = 27 pcf
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "pine." Accessed: 27 Oct. 2004 .
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=22-31 ppcf (0.35-0.50 g/cm3)
Category:Materials database
Wet deposition

== Description ==
Precipitation (rain, snow or sleet) can deposit moisture as well as any dissolved salts and pollutants. Wet deposition involves the collection, measurement and identification of all materials collected from any specific moisture collection. Nonpolluted rain has a pH of about 5.6 due to the dissolved carbon dioxide that naturally forms some carbonic acid. Polluted rain can be much more acidic causing deleterious effects to plants, animals, buildings and sculptures. 
See also acid rain, and dry deposition.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acid rain
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "hydrosphere." Accessed 26 Oct. 2004.
Category:Materials database