nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Harry La Verne Twining

Harry La Verne Twining was a physicist and inventor from Los Angeles most well known for his experiments on souls in the early 20th century.
==Soul experiments==
Twining is known for his experiments and investigation of the soul in the early 1900s. One of his experiments consisted of setting up a balance with a glass beaker on either side. He positioned a mouse in each beaker and on the balance pan was a solid lump of potassium cyanide. For the experiment, Twining used tweezers to put some cyanide into the beaker on the same balance pan. According to Twining, within thirty seconds the mouse had died and the balance arm dropped. Twining also experimented with cats and one of his experiments recorded the loss of one hundred milligrams in a kitten at death. According to the paranormal writer Max Heindel, the experiments of Twining had proven that animals have a "vital body" that survives death. However, scientists (and even Twining later on in his life) have not been convinced by the experiments.Len Fisher Weighing The Soul: Scientific Discovery From the Brilliant to the Bizarre 2004, p. 14James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn Scientific And Philosophical Perspectives In Neuroethics 2010, p. 15
==Skepticism==
Twining in 1915 wrote that his experiments into the nature of the soul revealed it to have a natural basis and had not proven any supernatural soul. He explained that all of his experiments showed a loss of weight due to the natural cause of moisture loss. When Twining replicated his experiments by sealing the beakers there was no weight loss. So Twining himself ascribed the change in weight to the loss of moisture.
Twining's views on the experiments can be found in The Physical Theory of the Soul (1915). Skeptic Milbourne Christopher discussed Twining and his experiments in his book Search for the Soul (1979).
==See also==
*R. A. Watters
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Physicists
Haven University

Haven University (formerly the California Graduate School of Theology) is a fundie school located in Garden Grove, California.https://www.cgsot.edu/ For much of its existence Haven University was completely unaccredited thus it was more difficult to distinguish from a straight-up diploma mill. Biblical literalist Carl Baugh claims a PhD in Theology from this school.http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/paluxy/degrees.html
==Statement of Faith==
You should have seen this coming from miles away.
Translation: God created everything, freedom of choice is a no-no, being a homosexual is evil (for some reason), trans people are evil (somehow) and everything in the Bible is literal fact. That sums it all up.
==Academics==
Haven University focuses on theological subjects and almost nothing secular (Probably a good thing). The only secular programs are an undergraduate and graduate degree in business administration along with an ESL (English as a Second Language) diploma. Theological programs include a Bachelor of Arts in Religion (B.A.R), Master of Arts in Religion (M.A.R), Master of Divinity (M.Div), Master of Theology (Th.M) and a Doctorate of Ministry (D.Min).https://www.cgsot.edu/esl
===Accreditation===
Haven University is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. Accreditation was granted October 30, 2018.Haven University (2018) TRACS (archived from December 29, 2019).
==See Also==
*Carl Baugh
*Liberty University
*Bob Jones University
*Diploma mill
==External links==
*Main Website
*Talk Origins page on Carl Baugh
==References==
Category:California
Category:Creationism
Category:Fundie schools
Category:Homophobia
Category:Pseudoscience promoting organizations
Hawaii

Hawaii or Hawaiʻi may refer to:
* The U.S. state of Hawaii
* The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, which was independent until a U.S.-backed coup
* The short-lived Republic of Hawaii, which was basically a bunch of white planters waiting for the U.S. to annex them
* The island of Hawaiʻi, colloquially known as the "Big Island", the largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago
Hawayo Takata

Hawayo Hiromi Takata was a Japanese-American responsible for the popularization of Reiki in the West.
==Takata and Reiki==
The story goes that while Takata was in Japan, she had appendicitis, a tumor, and gallstones. While on the surgery table, a voice told her surgery wasn't necessary. She then asked the surgeon if there were any non-surgical alternatives, and was referred to Chujiro Hayashi's Reiki clinic, in which Takata was healed of the appendicitis, tumor, and gallstones.What is the History of Reiki?, Reiki.org. Or so she claimed.
Takata is known to have lied about quite a lot of things. She claimed, for example, that Mikao Usui studied in America and taught in a Christian university in Japan.Reiki will never be the same again, Taggart King.History of Reiki and the Usui System of Natural Healing, James Bulls, Witchvox.com, May 29th. 2011. Takata said Usui worked in a beggar's quarter for seven years and came to the conclusion that students who wanted to learn Reiki had to pay for it, or else they wouldn't respect Reiki enough. Usui did not charge for Reiki instruction or treatment,Historical Reiki Inconsistencies, International House of Reiki. but she still used this story to justify her exorbitant Grand Master training fees. She also claimed she was the only Reiki Grand Master alive and that all the Japanese Reiki practitioners died during WWII (this was also false).
For some reason, Takata didn't create any Reiki Grand Masters (level 3 practitioners) until 1970. The training process only took a weekend, but she charged students $10,000 for it anyway (if you take inflation into account, $10,000 is the equivalent of $62,223 in 2016).Inflation calculator. She taught 22 of these Grand Masters in the 10 years from 1970 to her death in addition to the usual lower-level students. If we assume that Takata taught about 2 students per year, then we find that her yearly earnings from these people alone were at least $58,599 to $124,447 (adjusted for inflation in 2016 money). This six-figure income is impressive when you consider it was the result of only four days of work per year.
Some of Takata's actions could be interpreted as her trying to secure this valuable source of easy riches for herself. She told her students not to write down or tape any of her teachings, so that non-practitioners wouldn't find out about them, because it was important that the knowledge and symbols be kept secretHistorical Truth or Aesop Fable?, Phylameana lila Désy. – despite the fact that Usui's Reiki system didn't require symbols. Takata also placed restrictions on how many Grand Masters her students could train: She told one of her disciples not to train more than three Grand Masters, and told her students that people must only study with one Reiki teacher their entire lives.
==References==
Category:Reiki
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Manipulative therapy
Category:Energy therapy
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Hawthorne effect

The Hawthorne Effect, in experimental testing, is a subject's behavioral change if the subject is aware of being observed. It sometimes leads to fallacious conclusions involving magical thinking if it is not carefully accounted for. It is strongly related to confirmation bias. This effect highlights the importance of double-blinded trials. While the Hawthorne effect is demonstrably present in the short term, it tends to deteriorate over time as the subject becomes habituated to the presence of the observer. It is named after a series of experiments at a Western Electric factory at Hawthorne, Chicago in the late 1920s and early 30s, which showed the effect.The Hawthorne effect, The Economist, Nov 3, 2008 More recent studies have confirmed it.Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: New concepts are needed to study research participation effects, Jim McCambridge et al, J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Mar; 67(3): 267–277.
The original study focused on the productivity of factory workers. Experimenters tried various changes to the factory environment and looked at the workers' productivity to try and find out which would improve factory output. They found that making a lot of different changes improved workers' performance: increasing the amount of lighting, changing working hours, introducing rest breaks, etc. But some of the results proved highly unintuitive: increasing lighting increased performance, but putting lighting back to the original level also caused an increase in performance. They concluded that simply by taking an interest in the workers, they were improving their productivity, apart from any actual change they made. This doesn't mean that properly conducted double-blinded tests wouldn't show variation in performance with changes to the environment, but does show that it's important to conduct properly blinded tests to eliminate other factors influencing behavior.
As another example, if a researcher were to visit a non-technological people living in a remote part of the world, obtain permission to live with them and learn about their style of life, and immediately begins documenting, there is a strong possibility that they may produce an inaccurate representation. A far better approach would be to first live with the group for some significant length of time in order to allow its members to get used to their presence, and only then begin.
One real-world example of the Hawthorne Effect is displayed, possibly, in response to high-stakes educational testing. School systems commonly respond to testing under No Child Left Behind by taking measures that improve schools' performance on standardized tests (e.g. selective retention of students in critical years, limited effort to deter low-performing students from dropping out, reclassification of students as special-needs) without necessarily improving their educational success. (In general terms, it is usually much easier to manipulate — "game," if you prefer — statistics that represent reality than it is to change the underlying reality itself.)
==References==
Category:Psychology
Category:Psychology-related stubs
Hay House

Hay House is a publishing firm dedicated to dumbing down humanity as much as possible. The basic business plan is pretty solid. Hay House collects all the craziest "self-help" authors and gurus and funnels them into what amounts to a giant for-profit cult. Not only does it publish books, movies, and CDs, but it also sponsors tours and recruitment forums, as there aren't enough authors spitting out book length bull-dust for the plethora of humans who'll believe anything.Hay House Cult Recruitment Program It has its own radio show where you can listen 24/7 to brain rotting drivel.Hay House Radio
Most of the Hay House works focus on quantum woo and spinoffs from the Law of Attraction. Essentially, claiming that the Universe is a giant intelligent quantum energy field and that our "thoughts" or "DNA" can cause this quantum field to manifest whatever we want, whether it be money, sex, or the cure for any disease. 
Hay House was founded in the early 1980s by Louise Hay after several of her self-help tracts met with enough publishing success to finance other publications.
==Hay House gurus with RationalWiki articles==
*Gregg Braden
*Sylvia Browne
*Lucy Cavendish
*James DiNicolantonio
*Esther Hicks
*Joseph Mercola
*Steve Pavlina
*Doreen Virtue
==References==
Category:Quantum woo
Category:Shysters
Category:Woo
HeadOn

HeadOn is a topical "homeopathic" "medicine" created by Miralus Healthcare that claims to cure headaches and migraines. Originally, it was a stick made of wax and not much else. Now, it's a stick made of wax with a few herbs in it. The medicine is famous mostly due to its horrible commercials.
==Efficacy==
Before reformulation, HeadOn consisted almost entirely of wax. Since it was not water-based, it could not have had "water memory" and thus could not have been homeopathic. HeadOn contained diluted to one part per million, and diluted to one part per trillion — akin to putting an eye dropper amount into 5 Olympic swimming pools.SPECIAL REPORT: Homeopathy — Quack Medicine. Neither compound is known to relieve headaches. In high inhalation exposures for human workers, potassium dichromate causes cancer;International Agency for Research on Cancer; Chromium (VI) Compounds HeadOn use would never reach these exposure levels.
In 2008, HeadOn was sold to Sirvision. Sirivision reformulated HeadOn as an homeopathic medicine "containing" herbs only.Miralus Health Care: HeadOn Further, Sirivision claimed that HeadOn has a "clinically proven active ingredient for topical headache relief" inside it; no peer reviewed studies have examined the product.Head Rub, Washington Post
Of relevance: the placebo effect occurs in about 40% of headache medicine users.Headache: the Placebo Effects in the Control Groups in Randomized Clinical Trials; an Analysis of Systematic Reviews
==Commercials==
The "apply directly to forehead" commercial was produced after the Better Business Bureau warned Miralus Healthcare about its claims of "fast, safe, effective headache relief".https://www.upi.com/Headache-remedy-becomes-pop-culture-phenom/77321154364387/ Instead of going the Quack Miranda Warning route, Miralus decided not to include any factual claims (!) and organized focus groups and found that viewers remembered the repetitive commercial the most.Head Case Miralus also produces several other quack products (ActivOn for arthitis, PreferOn for scar regrowth, RenewIn for joint pain) that use the same marketing tactics. Perhaps the company was trying to give people headaches and drum up some business.
==Press head to pay respects==
We have to give some respect to the makers of HeadOn for one of the greatest practical jokes of all time: getting millions of Americans to rub wax on their foreheads — $6.5 million dollars of it.
==See also==
*Homeopathy
*Oscillococcinum
*Purity Products
==External links==
*
*Head-On for 1 hour and 36 mins
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Homeopathy
Healing

Healing has two unrelated meanings.
==In medicine==
In medicine, healing is the restoration of structure and function of injured or diseased tissues.Healing. The Free Dictionary. Recognised healing processes include blood clotting, tissue mending, scarring, and bone healing.
==In woo==
In the field of alternative medicine, the definition of healing is expanded beyond the medical one to also include making you feel more energetic, increased wellness, or any other placebo-based outcome that the alternative medicine practitioner can take credit for.
Examples of woo "healing" which, when listed, sound like a bad Osmonds-style family woo-pop band: 
*Crystal healing
*Energy healing
*Faith healing
*Pranic healing
*Sound healing
*Quantum healing
*Theta healing
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Medicine
Heathen

The term heathen may have originated as a cognate of "heath",Etymology of 'heathen'
with "dwelling on the heath" referring to rural people. Its meaning came to resemble that of "pagan" — both words became pejoratives for those who continued to persist in "the old ways" after the "civilized" city-dwellers had converted to Christianity.
==Origin==
Its origin and usage as a pejorative is similar to the usage today of terms like "redneck" and "hick" for rural people, but with an almost opposite religious connotation.
Fundamentalist religion nowadays is (unfairly or not) thought to be strongest among rural people and freethought strongest among urban people; however, during the period immediately following conversion of the European nations to Christianity, the religion took hold in the cities long before it did in the country. "Heathen" and "pagan" implied the rural people were the "rednecks" of their day, but also the freethinkers of their day, persisting in disbelief (although often believing in a variety of archaic folk religions and superstitions, so may be not so freethinking in actuality). The assumption was that Christianity was a civilizing force and the "heathens" were yet uncivilized.
==Modern usage==
The term persists today, though increasingly in ironic or sarcastic usage, to refer to sinners and unbelievers. It is also favored as a self-referential term by some Neo-Pagans, usually those following a Germanic, Norse, or Old English variety of Neo-Paganism who favor "Heathen" over "Pagan" because of the former term's related origin and etymology. Robert T. Lee loves using this term to describe anything which he doesn't like.
==References==
Category:Paganism
Category:Religious terms
Heaven's Gate

Heaven's Gate is the name of a UFO cult, formed in 1974 and most known for the mass suicide of most of its remaining members in 1997. It was founded and led by Do a.k.a. Marshall Herff Applewhite, Jr. and Ti a.k.a. Bonnie Nettles . Under the business name "Higher Source", they did web design work in the time leading up to the mass suicide, and two believers agreed to live on and maintain the cult's website.
==Mass suicide==
They achieved their infamy in 1997 when the 39-strong "Heaven's Gate Away Team" committed mass suicide in San Diego, California, using phenobarbital mixed with applesauce and chased down with vodka, in order to get on board a UFO that they believed (through misinterpretation of a photograph, and remote viewing) was trailing behind comet Hale-Bopp (which had come into "close"How close? 1.3 AU, farther away than the sun. proximity with Earth). This particular suicide became famous for the eerie sameness of how all of the cultists died: All of the bodies were discovered wearing matching black sweatsuits, with brand new Nike shoes, and a square of purple cloth covering their faces and torsos.
Two members of the group survived, however, and unusually this was by mutual agreement. The two stayed behind to spread word about the cult, maintain the Web site (poorly), and answer questions.http://www.cracked.com/personal-experiences-2426-my-life-in-suicide-cult-after-everyone-else-died.html
==The Bible==
Despite being a PIDOOMA religion, Heaven's Gate used Bible quotes to justify their beliefs, which just goes to show one can justify just about anything with the Bible.Appendix B: Bible Quotes Primarily from Previous Representatives to Earth from the Evolutionary Level Above Human. Page 1 Page 2 "Heaven's Gate": How and When (The Door to the Physical Kingdom Above Level Human) May Be Entered. An Anthology of Our Materials.
*"Breaking Away from the World (Discipleship)": 
*"Recognizing, Believing, & Following the Representative from the Kingdom of Heaven":
*"Separating from Human-Mammalian Characteristics":
*"These Last Days":
*"Avoid Being Judgmental":
*"Soul vs. Flesh Body":
==See also==
*The Aetherius Society
*Courtney Brown
*Jim Jones
*Scientology
*Star Trek (they used terms from the show, such as "Away Team"; also, one of the dead cultists was the brother of Nichelle Nichols, the actress who played Uhura in the original series)
==External links==
*http://www.heavensgate.com Their homepage, maintained on another server as it was in 1997.
*A Usenet posting by "Doe" Archived on Google Groups
*The Online Legacy of a Suicide Cult and the Webmasters Who Stayed Behind
*Exposing Pseudoastronomy Podcast Episode 129 The Saga of Comet Hale-Bopp and its Fugacious Companion, Part 3
==Notes==
==References==
Category:American religions
Category:California
Category:Cults
Category:Ufology
HeavenO

HeavenO or Heaven-O is a church-approved breakfast cereal meaningless greeting coined by Leonso Canales, Jr. of Kingsville, Texas, and promoted by a few fundamentalist wingnuts as a "more positive" alternative to "hello".
The intention is to avoid "hello"'s negative connotations of Hell (despite the fact that such connotations would not occur to most level-headed people and the two words aren't related anyway) and replace it with a supposedly more inspiring reference to Heaven. As Canales' website proclaims, "The 'O' is not enough to hide the most negative word (Hell) printed in every dictionary",Most negative? Well, then FuckO off. while the "Universal greeting 'HeavenO' is a symbol of Peace, Friendship and Welcome.""Greetings through time", and Main page at HeavenO.com.
In 1997, Canales successfully persuaded officials of Kleberg County, Texas, to officially adopt "HeavenO" as the county's preferred form of greeting."Texas Town says goodbye to 'hello'", Minnesota Daily, January 17, 1997. Subsequently, the greeting has grown in popularity within Texas and beyond, being adopted by some businesses as the correct way to greet customers. However, Canales' right to promote the word as his own invention has been challenged by others who claimed to have used it previously."'Heaveno' has received one heck of a response pall", Lubbock Online, February 08, 1997. Archived from the original on May 25, 1997.
==Etymology==
Of course there is no etymological link at all between the words "Hell" and "hello"; the latter deriving from "hallo",Hello, Dictionary.com which ultimately comes the Old French "hola", which literally means "Ahoy there".Hallo, Dictionary.com. 
Linguistic arguments such as these are one source of criticism of the "HeavenO" trend, along with the fact that it's more than a little bit silly. Other common objections among more sensible Texans (yes, they exist) include "What's wrong with 'Howdy, y'all?'"
==Similar examples==
 is a form of English used by Rastafarians that purposely eliminates words with negative phonetic associations. One of these words is “hello”, due to sounding similar to both “hell” and “low”, and so Rastafarians generally use other greetings instead.
==Non-examples==
Rep. Emmanuel Cleaver said Amen and Awoman during the swearing of the 117th congress. Conservatives have misinterpreted this as saying the words Amen and Awoman to be more politically correct by changing the word Amen to Awoman since the word Amen has the word men in it. However, the reality is that Emmanuel Cleaver actually said the word "Awoman" as a pun to joke about how Congress has a record number of Women in it. 
==See also==
*Euphemism
*Freedom fries
==External links==
*HeavenO — official website. Archived from the original, which is now a parked domain.
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Christian fundamentalism
Category:Language
Category:Texas