nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lutecium

== Description ==
A soft, metallic rare-earth element that occurs with other rare-earth elements in monazite, gadolinite, and xenotime. First identified in 1907 by Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach, lutecium is the least abundant of the Lanthanide elements estimated as present in 0.8 ppm of the earth's crust. Pure metallic lutecium is a silvery-white in color. It is used in nuclear technology and semiconductors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lu; Lutetium; lutécium (Fr.); lutezio (It.); Lutécio (Port.); lutecio (Esp.)
== Risks ==
* Reacts with air and moisture. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in dilute acids. Reacts slowly with water.
Composition 	Lu (atomic no. 71)
CAS 	7439-94-3
Melting Point 	1663 C
Density 	9.8404 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 174.967
Boiling Point 	3402 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5642
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Web elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Lu/hist.html
Category:Materials database
Luteolin

== Description ==
The principal yellow colorant in the dye weld. Luteolin is a flavone type dye. It is extracted in a hot alkaline solution made with boiling water and potash. Depending on the mordant, weld produces colors ranging from bright yellow (tin) to gold (aluminum) to green (iron).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weld; 5,7,3',4' tetrahydroxyflavone (IUPAC); luteolina (Esp., Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Needle-like crystals. 
Soluble in ethanol and alkaline solutions. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	C15H10O6
CAS 	490-70-3
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 286.24
== Resources and Citations ==
* Contributed information: Cindy Connelly Ryan, August 2007, IUPAC name
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5641
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigments'
Category:Materials database
Luwax

== Description ==
[BASF] A registered trademark for a series of polyolefin waxes. Luwax® products inlcude polyethylene waxes (Luwax® A), oxidized polyethylene waxes and ethylene copolymer waxes (Luwax® EVA).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
BASF A
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
Category:Materials database
Luxfer prism glass

== Description ==
[Luxfer Prism Co.] A brand name for a type of prismatic glass with sawtooth shaped ribs on the interior face. The patent for prism glass was issued in 1885 to J. Pennycuick. Prism glass was first exhibited at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 and it was commercially produced from 1896-1933. The angled gratings redirected light to the back of a room and down hallways. Luxfer prism glass advertised that it could double the amount of light that entered a room when compared to normal window glass. This was important to the design of pre-electric buildings. Prism glass was often incorporate in the upper third of storefronts. The glass pieces were available initially as 4 x 4 inch tiles. Later larger tiles were made for transom covers. The advent of electrical lighting and the introduction of hollow glass blocks dissipated the need for prism glass.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Luxfer Prism Glass [Luxfer Group]; ribbed glass; prismatic glass
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dietrich Neumann, "Prismatic Glass", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995. 
* D.Neumann, "A Century's Triumph in Lighting: The Luxfur Prism Companies and their Contribution to Early Modern Architecture", Volume 54 (1), 1995.
Category:Materials database
Luxullianite

== Description ==
A hard, decorative stone quarried near Luxullian in England. Luxullianite is primarily composed of quartz and black tourmaline mixed with large red feldspar crystals (Lent 1925). Luxullianite was used for the sarcophagus of the Duke of Wellington in St. Paul's Cathedral, London.
==Resources and Citations==
* F.Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries, Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925.
Category:Materials database
Lycra

== Description ==
[Invista, formerly DuPont Textiles] A registered trademark for a spandex (polyurethane) fiber that is produced as a continuous filament. Lycra was introduced in 1959. It is available in a wide range of yarn sizes with denier from 40-2240. It has excellent stretch and recovery properties and is one of the most durable elastic fibers available. Lycra is used for girdles, swimwear, surgical hose, and athletic clothes. Chlorine in swimming pools can cause slow degradation of the fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
spandex; licra (Esp.); Lycra (Ned);
== Risks ==
Combustible, but self-extinguishing.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in hot dimethyl formamide. 
* Moisture regain = 0.3% 
* Elongation 500-700%. 
* Cross section = round and fused at random points.
* Melting Point = 230 C
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Lycra: Website
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Lydian stone

== Description ==
A variety of quartz used used originally as a touchstone for grading gold and silver.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lydiet (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Lye

== Description ==
A name originating before the middle ages that originally referred to the liquid obtained by leaching wood ashes. The leachate, a highly caustic solution containing primarily potassium hydroxide, was used for cleaning. Later, the term lye was used to refer to any highly caustic solution and today, it is generally considered to mean sodium hydroxide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ley; caustic soda; sodium hydroxide; potassium hydroxide
Category:Materials database
Lynx

== Description ==
Any of several medium size wild cats, such as the North American lynx (Lynx canadensis). Lynx are generally found in high altitude forests in Europe, Asia, and North America. They have short tails, and hair tufts on the tip of their ears. Their mottled cream, brown, and black fur is fine and silky, but lynx skins were rarely used commercially because they are hard to dye.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis); Felis lynx; los (Dan.); Luchse (Deut.); lince (Esp., It., Port.); lynx (Fr.); lynxen (Ned.); lodjur (Sven.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Guard hairs = 4 inches long,
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lynx" [Accessed 18 Oct. 2005].
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937 Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx (Accessed Sept.8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: "lynx." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Accessed 8 Sept. 2005 .
Category:Materials database
Lysine

== Description ==
An essential amino acid for human development. Lysine was first identified in 1889 by Drechsel. Synthetic lysine is added as a nutrient to many food products.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|lysine.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
LYS; 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
==Risks==
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in common organic solvents.
Composition 	NH2(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH
CAS 	39665-12-8
Melting Point 	224 C (dec)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 164.19
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 5667
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Lysol

== Description ==
[Reckitt Benckiser] A registered trademark for a liquid antiseptic, disinfectant, and fungicide. Lysol contains soap, ortho-phenyl phenol and ethanol as active ingredients. The brown, oily liquid is miscible with water and alcohol. Lysol® has been used as a fungicides in starch, glue, and polyvinyl acetate emulsions. Dilute solutions have also been used for removing lichens from granite (Wainwright 1986).
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause skin irritation. 
* Flinn Scientific: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Reckitt Benckiser: Lysol Website
* I.N.M.Wainwright, "Lichen removal from an engraved memorial to Walt Whitman" APT Bulletin XVIII (4) 46-51.
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
Category:Materials database
M2ADL (UNIBO)

= Microchemistry And Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory =
Microchemistry And Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL) is an educational department at the University of Bologna (UNIBO), Ravenna campus. "Scientific research in M2ADL is primarily focused on the study of the physical and chemical nature of cultural heritage. Research efforts address specific questions concerning the technical and material nature of art objects and monuments and the study of questions related to their conservation"(from website). UNIBO has been involved in the coordination of two international projects to develop programs to educate Ph.D. level conservation scientists: CURRIC (training guide), and EPSICON (fellowship and research program).
Web Address 	http://www.tecore.unibo.it/html/Lab_Microscopia/M2ADL/
Postal Address 	Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL)
Via Tombesi dall' Ova 55
48100 Ravenna
ITALY
Phone 	+39 0544 936524
Fax 	+39 0544 936503
Contact 	rocco.mazzeo@unibo.it
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
Italian
== Comments ==
Research projects are described online - some have links to websites and published articles including CURRIC and EPSICONCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
MAA 6-1-05 A, embroidered suzani, central Asia (late 19th century to 20th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Suzanis are large, embroidered hangings or coverings that originated centuries ago in what is now Uzbekistan and neighboring parts of Central Asia. Typically they were sewn by village girls, using dyed silk threads, and became an important part of the girls’ marriage dowries [1]. This piece of suzani was collected by the Museum of Applied Arts (MAA) in Uzbekistan.The identification of synthetic dyes from the pieces suggested that the suzani was made no earlier than the late 19th century.
The Museum of Applied Arts, Samarkand, Uzbekistan: suzani (6-1-05 A)
center|frame|Image of the suzani MAA 6-1-05 A. personal courtesy of R.A. Laursen
== Summary of results ==
center|frame|Image of the threads collected/analyzed. photo by X. Zhang
Multiple threads (equal or shorter than 0.5 cm) were removed from the back of the suzani.
== HPLC profile ==
center|frame|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU), one yellow thread was probably dyed with Metanil analyzed by X. Zhang
== Identified compounds ==
center|frame| analyzed by X. Zhang [1]
== References ==
[1] Xian Zhang, Richard Laursen and Svetlana Osipova (2005) "Analysis of dyes in some 19th-century Uzbek suzanis"; Dyes in History and Archaeology To be published.
 
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MAA КП1276/3, embroidered suzani, central Asia (19th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Suzanis are large, embroidered hangings or coverings that originated centuries ago in what is now Uzbekistan and neighboring parts of Central Asia. Typically they were sewn by village girls, using dyed silk threads, and became an important part of the girls’ marriage dowries. Most of the surviving
suzanis date to the late 18th and 19th century. the suzani with flower embroidery was thought to have been created in the mid-19th century[1].
The Museum of Applied Arts, Samarkand, Uzbekistan: suzani (КП1276/3)
center|frame|Image of the suzani. personal courtesy of R.A. Laursen
== Summary of results ==
center|frame|Image of the embroidered suzani (back) and summary of dyeing sources identified. photo by R. Laursen
Multiple threads (equal or shorter than 0.5 cm) were removed from the back of the suzani. It was found that the pinkish red thread was dyed with cochineal, an orange sample was dyed with larkspur and madder, another orange sample with pagoda tree buds and madder. Yellow threads were dyed with pagoda tree buds and larkspur.
== HPLC profile ==
center|frame|Absorbance at 350nm (mAU), one yellow thread was probably dyed with pagoda tree buds analyzed by X. Zhang
== Identified compounds ==
== References ==
[1] Xian Zhang, Richard Laursen and Svetlana Osipova (2005) "Analysis of dyes in some 19th-century Uzbek suzanis"; Dyes in History and Archaeology To be published.
 
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MACC

= Midwest Art Conservation Center =
The Midwest Art Conservation Center (MACC) is a resource for non-profit institutions, government entities, artists, corporations and individuals. Our staff of Senior Conservators, Conservators and Associate Conservators provide conservation treatments in paintings, objects, paper and textiles, along with preventive conservation programming and education. Until 2005, MACC was known as the Upper Midwest Conservation Association (UCMA), which was organized in 1977 by area museums.
Mission Statement:
The Midwest Art Conservation Center is a non-profit organization for the preservation and conservation of art and artifacts, providing treatment, education, and training for museums, historical societies, libraries, other cultural institutions, artists, and the public. The Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works governs the methodology and standards behind all elements of MACC’s treatments and programming. At the core of this code is an informed respect for the cultural property, its unique character and significance, and the legacies of the people or person who created it. 
Web Address 	https://www.preserveart.org/
Postal Address 	Midwest Art Conservation Center
2400 - 3rd Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
Phone 	+1 612 870 3120
Fax 	+1 612 870 3118
Contact 	[info@preserveart.org]
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Membership organization
Website Languages	English
== Comments ==
Large membership list
Category:Directory
MCI

= Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute =
The Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute (MCI, formerly Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education - SCMRE) was established in 1963 to provide analysis and conservation support to the Smithsonian Museums. The Institute is focused on providing in-depth research and education in conservation, preservation, technical study, and analysis of museum collections. Located near Washington DC, the Institute is composed of over 30 staff members working in well-equipped conservation and scientific research labs. They regularly sponsor training programs, produce educational materials, and publish research papers advancing the field of conservation.
Web Address 	http://www.si.edu/scmre/
Postal Address 	Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute
Museum Support Center
4210 Silver Hill Road
Suitland, MD 20746 USA
Phone 	+1 301 238 3700
Fax 	+1 301 238 3709
Contact 	web@scmre.si.edu
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Interships
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Archived information
Membership / staff directory
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
General
Technical info
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Workshops, internships, and fellowships are listed online 
Publishes technical information, brochures, and educational videosCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
Category:Directory: General
Category:Directory: Technical info
MCRG

= Masonry Conservation Research Group =
"The Masonry Conservation Research Group, located in the Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, is a multidisciplinary team with an international reputation in the field of masonry conservation. The research group was established in 1989. Its members are drawn from various faculties of the University including building science, geology, chemistry, geochemistry, ecology, microbiology, psychology, archaeology, surveying and architecture. In addition to research publications in journals and conference proceedings, the results of MCRG research are widely published in formats that aim to benefit professionals and practitioners in the built environment." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/schools/mcrg/mcrghome.htm
Postal Address 	Scott Sutherland School,
The Robert Gordon University,
Garthdee Road,Aberdeen AB10 7QB,
Scotland
Information Online	Publications viewable online
Membership / staff directory
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
contains info on NCRG activity, reserach, publication, staff list. Also contains numerous links to other sites sorted by categories.Category:Directory
MDO

== Description ==
An abbreviation for Medium-density overlay board. MDO's consist of plywood bonded with thin exterior surface plates of an MDF (Medium-density fiberboard). Thus MOD's contain more adhesive than an MDF. The are considered as stronger than an MDF and create less dust during cutting.
==Resources and Citations==
* Wood Magazine: https://www.woodmagazine.com/wood-supplies/lumber/whats-the-difference-between-mdo-and-mdf
Category:Materials database
MFA 1999.128, Silk samite, China (12th–14th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 1999.128, Silk samite 59 x 110 cm (23 1/4 x 43 5/16 in.)
The object is a silk samite fabric with repeating pattern of parallel rows of pink peonies encircled by scrolling foliage in green and blue on a reddish-orange ground. [1]. The piece is probably a Song or Yuan dynasty (12th–14th century) samite.
center|frame|MFA 1999.128 Silk samite © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
center|frame|MFA 1999.128 Silk samite, detail © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
== Summary of results ==
center|frame|MFA 1999.128 Silk samite, China, Analysis result, by Dr. X. Zhang at Boston University, 2009 
Links to details information of dye sources.
Pagoda tree buds
Madder root
Safflower
== References ==
[1] https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/length-of-fabric-128274
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MFA 30.121, Painted cotton fragment, India (18th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 30.121. 71 x 32.5 cm (27 15/16 x 12 13/16 in.
A piece of white cotton with delicate designs: scrolling vines with flowers and conventionalized rococo leaves painted red, blue, and neutral violet with dark neutral outlines.[1].
center|frame|MFA 30.121 Painted cotton fragment © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
center|frame|MFA 30.121 Painted cotton fragment, detail © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
== Summary of results ==
Frame| Sample 1, red thread, analyzed by Dr. Xian Zhang at Boston University, 2009. 
Frame| red and purple threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by Dr. Xian Zhang at Boston University, 2009. 
== References ==
[1] https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/painted-cotton-fragment-66731
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MFA 33.371, Fragment with wrestling lions and harpies, Southern Spain (early 12th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 33.371. 50X43 cm (Ellen Page Hall Fund). 
Silk lampas with supplementary discontinuous metal-wrapped patterning wefts.
 
Fragment of shroud believed to have been part of the shroud of a bishop of Burgo de Osma. Design of pairs of lions attacking human-headed birds within circles connected by smaller circles containing inscriptions, woven with red, green, and light brown silk (weft) and gold thread (brocaded). The date of the piece was probably Early 12th century, from Almoravid of Spanish (probably Almería)[1].
center|frame|Fragment with wrestling lions and harpies. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
== Summary of results ==
Frame|two threads, red and green, were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Larusen at Boston University
== References ==
[1]https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-with-wrestling-lions-and-harpies-66254
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MFA 35.1967, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1967. 7.8 x 10.3 cm (Gift of Yamanaka & Co.). 
Textile fragment with design of flowers and cyprus fence in yellow supplementary weft patterning on yellow twill-weave silk ground [1].
 
center|frame|Fragment with design of flowers and cyprus fence. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
== Summary of results ==
center|frame|Two threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University
Two gold yellow silk samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably amur cork tree.
== References ==
[1] https://www.mfa.org/collections/search?search_api_views_fulltext=35.1967
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
MFA 35.1968, Fragment of silk, Japan (9th or 10th century)

== Artifact Information ==
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 35.1968. 17.4 x 22.5 cm (6 7/8 x 8 7/8 in.) (Gift of Yamanaka & Co.). 
Textile fragment with design of floral motifs and latticework in yellow supplementary weft patterning on a yellow twill-weave silk ground. [1].
 
center|frame|Fragment of silk. The samples were collected by textile curator Masumi Kataoka in 2010 © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 
== Summary of results ==
center|frame|Three threads were collected for dye analysis, analyzed by prof. R. Laursen at Boston University
Two golden yellow and one blue samples were analyzed. Berberine and other alkanoids were identified. The dyeing source was a protoberberine type, probably amur cork tree.
== References ==
[1] https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/fragment-of-silk-65626
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles