nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
EMF Financial Products, LLC

EMF Financial Products, LLC is a commodities and futures trading hedge fund complex. The firm operates hedge funds with an estimated $400 million in assets. EMF Financial Products, LLC is a Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) registrant based in New York, N.Y.
 
== History ==
In November of 2009, announced the filing and simultaneous settlement of charges against EMF Financial Products, LLC for making false statements and failing to disclose material information concerning its market positions and financing to the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). The CFTC also charged that EMF failed to diligently supervise the handling of its commodity interest business. The CFTC and EMF agreed to a $4 million deal "to settle charges that the New York-based hedge fund made false statements to market regulators about certain positions and financing." 
In 2010, to address these issues, EMF undertook a firm-wide initiative to further strengthen its state-of-the-industry regulatory and compliance practices, including hiring ACA Compliance Group as a consultant.
The firm used to be a prime brokerage customer of Refco.
In 2014, EMF was fined $12,500 by the CBOT for violated rules related to exchange of futures for related positions.http://www.cmegroup.com/tools-information/lookups/advisories/disciplinary/CBOT-09-06544-BC-EMF-FINANCIAL-PRODUCTS-LLC.html#pageNumber=1|name=NOTICE OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION|org=CME Group|date=April 11, 2017}}
== Products and Services ==
EMF is a relative value fixed income hedge fund operator located in New York.
== Key People ==
*Eric Morley Flanagan President
*Harry Whitney Tindale CFO/Chief Compliance Officer
*Anthony Vincent Moscatello Senior Vice President
== References ==
Category:Hedge Funds
EMPEA

__NOTOC__
EMPEA is a global industry body consisting mostly of fund managers that aims to promote a more favorable climate for private equity investing in emerging markets. The group maintains networks, lobbies and organizes gatherings for its members, mostly private-equity fund managers, who collectively hold over $500 billion in assets under management.
== History ==
The Emerging Markets Private Equity Association (EMPEA) was formed in 2004 as a support organization for its membership, which currently numbers more than 220 firms. The majority (60%) are fund managers in the private equity markets of Africa, Asia, Latin America, Central/Eastern Europe and the Middle East, while 25% are institutional investors and the remaining 15% are industry service providers.
EMPEA's research produces annual statistics on private-equity funds raised for emerging-market investment that are regularly quoted in the media. The group's research has uncovered rapid growth in the sector, with 2007 fund inflows topping 2006's by 78% to $59.2 billion. EMPEA also publishes the Emerging Markets Private Equity Quarterly Review, which breaks down private-equity trends in key regions and individual markets, member newsletter EMPEA Insight, and an annual survey of LP (limited partner) participation in the sector.
== Key People ==
Current president Sarah E. Alexander became the inaugural executive director of the EMPEA upon its foundation in February 2004. Prior to joining EMPEA, Alexander had spent the previous five years as a senior investment officer focusing on Asia for Emerging Market Partnerships (now EMP Global) after a stint at the the World Bank, where she helped encourage private investment in development projects. She also currently serves Member of the Experts Committee for the World Economic Forum’s Study of the Global Economic Impact of Private Equity. 
== Latest News ==
Private equity funds have continued pouring into emerging markets in H1 2008, with inflows jumping 68% over H1 2007 to $35.3 billion and on track to significantly beat 2007's record $59.2 billion, EMPEA recently reported. Asia proved the most attractive target market for private-equity investment followed by Africa, while inflows to other regions declined. 
== References ==
ERC-20

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ERC-20 is the technical standard upon which the issuance of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain is based. "ERC-20" refers to Ethereum Request for Comment #20, which was a format for standards development used earlier by the Ethereum Foundation. 
 
==Standards== 
Tokens are digital assets which represent contracts that can have value. All tokens on the Ethereum blockchain use ERC-20, which allows for tokens to be traded against each other. All transactions in tokens, such as for transfers or changes to a tokens database, take place on the Ethereum blockchain and are paid for in ether. 
ERC-20 specifies the following six mandatory standards for use in smart contracts:
* totalSupply
* balanceOf
* transfer
* transferFrom
* approve
* allowance
And there are three optional, albeit useful, standards:
* token name
* symbol
* places to the right of the decimal
As of July 12, 2018 there had been 99,228 ERC-20 tokens issued. The number of tokens exploded over the next two-and-a-half years, tripling to more than 337,073 on November 23, 2020.
 
==References==
ERC-20 Tokens

ERC-20 is the technical standard upon which the issuance of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain is based. "ERC-20" refers to Ethereum Request for Comment #20, which was a format for standards development used earlier by the Ethereum Foundation. 
 
Image:ERC20.png200px
==Standards== 
Tokens are digital assets which represent contracts that can have value. All tokens on the Ethereum blockchain use ERC-20, which allows for tokens to be traded against each other. All transactions in tokens, such as for transfers or changes to a tokens database, take place on the Ethereum blockchain and are paid for in ether. 
ERC-20 specifies the following six mandatory standards for use in smart contracts:
* totalSupply
* balanceOf
* transfer
* transferFrom
* approve
* allowance
And there are three optional, albeit useful, standards:
* token name
* symbol
* places to the right of the decimal
As of July 12, there had been 99,228 ERC-20 tokens issued.
==References==
ERTD

eRTD is a java-based distributable front end.
It provides many of the same features found in RTD Realtime Trading Desktop in a lower cost, scalable and deployable package. eRTD is browser independent and can be rebranded.
== Target Users ==
• Brokerage firms
• FCM’s 
• Investment banks 
• Introducing brokers (IBs) 
• Individual traders
== Professional-Style Tools ==
Orders can be executed via a number of market displays. Spreader calculations are done on the server in order to further reduce latency.
== Risk Control ==
RTS Realtime Systems Group’s risk management has been adapted for the needs of brokerage and clearing firms. Risk management software resides on the server, allowing for centralized risk management. With RTD’s risk capabilities and control components for eRTD, managers are able to define pre-and post execution limits over positions, trades, users and user groups. This level of granularity guarantees an comprehensive risk analysis and control on an account and user level.
Like RTD, eRTD is based on an exchange-independent client server infrastructure. The communication server forms the core of the system and acts as the interface to other RTS software solutions.
== Market Access ==
RTS offers Direct Market Access to nearly 100 exchanges and liquidity pools from one window. Most European and North American, as well as a number of Asian, and Middle Eastern exchanges are available. 
== External Links ==
*www.rtsgroup.net
Category:Firm Products
ESG Integrated Disclosure Project

The ESG Integrated Disclosure Project (ESG IDP) is a global industry initiative designed to integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures. It is led by a group of alternative asset managers and industry bodies in the private and broadly syndicated credit markets. 
Three of the leading credit rating agencies, KBRA, Moody’s Investors Service, and S&P Global Ratings, have joined the ESG IDP Executive Committee.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
ETF futures

ETF futures offer investors access to ETFs with much lower capital requirements than purchasing an ETF directly.
The CME, in partnership with the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), offers investors three types of futures on ETFs. The contracts, which are electronically traded, combine CME E-mini stock index futures with the AMEX's ETFs.
 
Investors can choose from three differing contract offerings: 
* CME Futures on Standard & Poor's 500 Depositary Receipts tracks large-cap stocks
* CME Futures on PowerShares QQQ tracks Nasdaq's top 100 non-financial stocks
* CME Futures on iShares Russell 2000 Index Fund tracks small-cap stocks
== References ==
ETF options

Exchange traded fund options are standardized put and call options on underlying exchange traded funds (ETFs). ETFs are securities representing ownership in portfolios of stocks or bonds designed with an objective to generally correspond to the price and yield performance of individual indexes.
In the U.S., options on ETFs are offered on all six options exchanges. The specifications follow :
== Contract Specifications ==
Trading Unit 
:The minimum trade size is one option contract. Each contract represents 100 shares of the underlying ETF. (Corporate actions, such as rights offerings,stock dividends, and mergers, can result in adjusted contracts representing something other than 100 shares of stock.)
Expiration Cycle
:Two consecutive near term expiration months plus two successive months from the January, February or March cycle. (LEAPS may also be available)
Expiration
:The Saturday following the third Friday of the expiration month. 
Last Trading Day
:The last business day prior to expiration (normally a Friday).
Exercising Options
:American style. Options may be exercised on any business day prior to expiration.
Delivery Method if Exercised
:Exercise notices properly tendered on any business day will result in the delivery of the underlying ETF on the third business day following exercise. 
Exercise Price Intervals
:Exercise (strike) prices are set at $1.00 intervals bracketing the current value of the underlying ETF.
Option Premium Quotations
:Stated in dollars and cents. Minimum price variant $0.05 (nickel) for series trading under $3.00 and $0.10 (dime) for series trading $3.00 and above.
Settlement of Exercise
:Three business days following exercise.
Minimum Customer Margin for Uncovered Writers
:100% of the market value of the option plus 20% of the value of the underlying security less any out-of-the-money amount, subject to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the option plus 10% of the value of the underlying security. Margin and commission may vary between brokerage firms. There are risks associated with margin trading. 
Trading Hours
:For options on Select Sector SPDR Funds: 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., New York time. For options on other ETFs: 9:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., New York time. 
== Listing of ETF options across exchanges ==
Some of the more active and popular ETF options are offered on all of the options exchanges, while others are exclusive to one or a few exchanges. The Options Clearing Corporation provides a listing for each ETF option -- symbol, expiration, strike, ticker for calls and puts, open interest and position limits, and exchanges offering the option -- in a convenient spot online [].
==Resources==
*Options Industry Council Web site: http://www.optionseducation.org/
*Options Clearing Corporation, listing of ETF options 
== References==
Category:Definitions
Category:Options
Category:ETFs
ETP

ETP stands for exchange-traded product. The "exchange" refers to national securities exchanges and other security trading venues. 
ETPs are regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). There are a vast number of them and they range from stock index- to currency- to commodity-based instruments targeted to investors seeking exposure to the price attributes of the underlying products absent a mechanism for acquiring the products. 
ETFs are a form of ETP. On June 30, 2016 Cboe's then independent Bats BZX Exchange applied to the SEC for permission to amend its rules in order to list an ETF on bitcoin prices generated on the Gemini exchange. Noting the very early stage of development of the bitcoin marketplace, the SEC disapproved the rule change on March 10, 2017 due to the lack of information sharing agreements between the ETF-listing exchange and the spot market exchanges for bitcoin.
On January 4, 2018 NYSE Arca applied to the SEC for rule changes that would allow it to list bitcoin-based ETFs. The SEC requested public comment on January 24 regarding the application and in March provided notice that it might disapprove it. Based on the public comment notice date of January 24 the SEC extended its statutory review time on July 23 until September 24.
== References ==
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
EU-US Coalition on Financial Regulation

The EU-US Coalition on Financial Regulation is an industry-led initiative created in 2005 to push for mutual regulatory recognition between European Union member states and the US, as well as "targeted" rule convergence.
The coalition has produced a number of reports and a checklist of industry priorities, which have gained traction with the emergence of the transatlantic mergers and acquisitions activity in the exchange industry.
The coalition secretariat is based with the Futures and Options Association, and members include: the Futures Industry Association; the American Bankers Association Securities Association; Bankers’ Association for Finance and Trade; British Bankers’ Association; International Capital Market Association; London Investment Banking Association; Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association; the Swiss Bankers Association and the European Banking Federation.
== References ==
EURO STOXX 50 Index futures and options

The EURO STOXX 50 futures and options contracts are traded on Eurex and are based on the corresponding index, which covers 50 blue-chip stocks from the 12 Eurozone countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. 
The EURO STOXX 50 Index seeks to provide a blue-chip representation of the market sector leaders in the Eurozone. The Index represents the performance of the 50 largest companies within the Eurozone portion of the Dow Jones STOXX Total Market Index. It is a free-float market capitalization weighted index that captures approximately 60% of the underlying market and covers approximately 95% of the free-float market capitalization of the investable universe in the Eurozone. It is designed by STOXX Limited, a joint venture of Deutsche Boerse AG, Dow Jones & Company and SWX Group. 
== Notes ==
EURO STOXX 50 Index Futures and Options Home Page at Eurex: http://www.eurexchange.com/exchange-en/products/idx/stx/blc/18954/
EURO STOXX 50 Index Futures and Options Home Page at Eurex: http://www.eurexchange.com/exchange-en/products/idx/stx/blc/19066/
== References ==
EURO STOXX Sector Indexes

The EURO STOXX Index is a broad subset of the STOXX Europe 600 Index. The number of components is variable, and the index encompases large-, mid-, and small-capitalisation companies of 12 Eurozone countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
The index has spawned several sectors, and as of January 8, 2008, Eurex has listed futures and options on 18 of them: 
*EURO STOXX Automobiles & Parts Futures and Options
*EURO STOXX Banks Futures and Options
*EURO STOXX Basic Resources Futures and Options
*EURO STOXX Chemicals Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Construction & Materials Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Financial Services Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Food & Beverage Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Health Care Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Industrial Goods & Services Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Insurance Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Media Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Oil & Gas Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Personal & Household Goods Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Retail Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Technology Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Telecommunications Futures and Options 
*EURO STOXX Travel & Leisure Futures aSTOXX Utilities Futures and Options
Although each sector is different, the contract specifications are the same for each sector.
== References ==
EURO STOXX Sectors Futures Home Page at Eurex:
http://www.eurexchange.com/trading/products/IDX/STX/ESF/products_en.html
EURO STOXX Sectors Options Home Page at Eurex:
http://www.eurexchange.com/trading/products/IDX/STX/ESO/products_en.html
EU Emissions Trading Scheme

The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest multi-country, multi-sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions trading scheme worldwide. It commenced operation in January of 2005. The scheme is based on Directive 2003/87/EC, which was put into play on Oct. 25, 2003.
Allowances traded in the EU ETS are not printed but held in accounts in electronic registries set up by member states. All of the registries are overseen by a central administrator at the EU level. The EU ETS was rolled out in phases. Phase one expired in December 2007 and covered all EU ETS emissions since January 2005. Once phase one was completed, European Union Allowances (EUA) became invalid and new allowances were issued. 
In January 2008, phase 2 started and will expire December 2012. Allowances given to EU companies such as utilities and manufacturers are distributed free from the EU member states' governments. Using the cap-and-trade model, if a company receives more free allowances than it needs, it may sell them to anybody.
On Jan. 23, 2008 the EU Commission published climate and energy proposals the next step in the EU ETS after 2012, which includes provisions that call for at least 20 percent of Europe’s energy consumption from renewable energy by 2020. In 2005, only 8 percent came from renewable energy sources, according to Point Carbon. At the European Council in early December, EU leaders met to determine new rules for the EU emissions trading scheme in the 2013-2020 period. 
In December 2008, the European Parliament approved the so-called 20-20-20 climate package. The legislation mandates that the 27 EU countries to cut CO2 emissions by 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2020. The approved plan was criticized for granting concessions to countries such as Poland and Germany, both heavy users of fossil fuel-based utilities. The EU countries also said they are prepared to increase the 20 percent cuts to 30 percent in an international climate deal is passed. 
The European Environment Agency has published a technical report on the application of the Emissions Trading Directive by member states.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Environmental Markets
EXANTE

EXANTE is an investment company that provides direct market access to stocks, futures, options, funds, bonds, currency pairs and metals from the world’s major stock exchanges through an automated trading platform. The company was founded in 2011. It has its headquarters in Malta, with offices also located in Singapore, Russia, Latvia and the Netherlands.
 
== History ==
EXANTE was registered in Malta in March 2011 and became an official member of the Malta Stock Exchange on October 6, 2016, giving its clients direct electronic access to government bonds and stocks of the major Maltese companies.
EXANTE added Greeks and implied volatility to the option board of its trading platform in 2016.
== Products and Services ==
EXANTE provides brokerage for stocks, futures, options, bonds and funds. It offers an API for algorithmic trading and quote monitoring based on FIX protocol.
== Key People ==
== References ==
Earl H. Nemser

__NOTOC__ 
Earl H. Nemser is the vice chairman of Interactive Brokers Group LLC (IBG). He also serves as director and/or officer for various subsidiaries of IBG.
Nemser has served as special counsel to the law firm Dechert LLP since January 2005. He focuses his practice on securities and commodities law, white collar defense, derivative suits and class actions, contracts, insurance, arbitration, and international disputes. 
 
== Background ==
Prior to his positions at IBG and Dechert LLP served as partner at the law firms of Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman, LLP from 1995 to December 2004 and Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP prior to 1995.
== Education ==
Nemser received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from New York University in 1967 and a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Boston University School of Law in 1970.
== References ==
Category:Lawyers
Category:Interactive Brokers Group
Earl Spencer

Earl Spencer is the managing director of Treasury Arbitrage at HTG Capital Partners in Chicago, Illinois. He joined the company in 1994.
== Background ==
Earl Spencer has more than 35 years of experience in US Government Securities, futures, and options and more than 25 years of experience in risk and trading management. He has been instrumental in developing the firm's proprietary trading unit.
His career began at Continental Illinois National Bank in 1974. In 1981, he became Trading Manager of one of the largest primary dealers in US Government and Agency Securities. In 1984, he moved to First National Bank of Chicago to assist in the rebuilding of their trading business. In 1988, Earl put his talents to work as both a proprietary and independent trader of treasury securities and futures.
Today, Spencer heads the US Treasury Arbitrage trading unit for HTG. He develops and manages traders around the United States, including HTG’s branch offices in Chicago, New York (NY) and Garden City (NY). He is also responsible for global strategic planning in the Treasury Arbitrage group. 
== Education ==
Earl is a graduate of Indiana University and has lectured in the Public Finance Program at the University of Michigan. 
== References ==
East African Exchange

The East African Exchange is a commodity exchange that was announced at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on January 23, 2012. The new Rwandan commodity exchange venture was announced by President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, Nicolas Berggruen of Berggruen Holdings and Jendayi Frazer of 50 Ventures at the Swiss hosted event.
NASDAQ OMX was selected as a technology partner by the ventures backers. EAX, as the exchange will be called for short, will be powered by NASDAQ OMX's X-stream Trading and Clearing platforms. 
The new exchange initially will focus on building an auction facility and spot trading for agriculture and non-agriculture commodities, but will also develop futures trading across East Africa.
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Commodity Exchanges
Category:African Exchanges