nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Farouk El-Baz

Farouk El-Baz (1938- ) is an Egypt-born American geologist and selenologist, and former science adviser to Egypt's President Anwar Sadat. He was secretary of the landing site selection committee for NASA's Apollo Program. He was also one of several selenologists who trained the Apollo astronauts, teaching them to be productive and efficient during their limited time on the lunar surface. He is now Research Professor and Director of the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University.
==Apollo landing sites==
El-Baz's contributions to the Apollo program have been used as "evidence" by various cranks who think that NASA is involved in all kinds of nefarious stuff with mythological connections. According to them, El-Baz picked the landing sites and also the dates and times of the landings to conform to a ritual dedicated to worship of Isis, Osiris and Horus. While it may be almost true that he picked the sites, selection of dates and times was subject to technical considerations that had nothing to do with El-Baz's field of expertise.The main considerations were sun angle and the favorable orientation of the three large 80-ft radio dishes spaced out around the Earth.
Claims about El-Baz were featured in Ancient Aliens Season 4, Episode 5 - "The NASA Connection".The relevant sequence starts at 05:08. According to the episode, the lunar landing sites and times were contrived to happen when Sirius, or Regulus, or the belt stars of Orion were at any of five elevations (-33°, -19.5°, 0°, +19.5°, and +33°) over the landing site.
They do not, it seems, ask themselves why only two of the six landing sites conform to this "model,"Mintaka at 19.5° at the moment of landing of Apollo 12, with the landing occurring six minutes earlier than scheduled. Sirius at -33° at the moment of landing of Apollo 16, after a one-month launch delay and a 6-hour landing delay. nor how such elevations could have been contrived in light of the fact that even those two landings did not happen at the planned time.
==Notes==
Category:Scientists
Category:Geologists
Category: Living people
Fasces

The fasces is an ancient Roman symbol of judicial power, represented by a bundle of wooden rods tied together with a ribbon (representing unity) that have an axe-blade protruding from them. For the ancient Romans, the fasces symbolized the power and authority (imperium) of the Roman state, including the power to inflict both corporal and capital punishment, represented by the rods and axe. High-ranking Roman magistrates were preceded by bailiffs called lictors, who carried the fasces as symbols of their authority. 
The weapons contained in these fasces weren't just for show. Once, the consul Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, the consul left in charge by Julius Caesar during his campaign against Antony, found the rabble-rouser Marcus Caelius Rufus holding forth in an unauthorized tribunal in the Forum. Publius S. then cracked open a fasces and extracted the axe, which he used to destroy Marcus C.'s curule chair, emblem of his magistracy.Cicero, Pro CaelioMany Shubs and Zuuls knew what it was to be roasted in the depths of the Sloar that day, I can tell you.
It can be found today in many heraldic symbols, including the United States National Guard insignia, the symbol of the United States Army's Military Police Corps, and the U.S. Senate seal, and the National Sheriffs' Association.
It was also appropriated by Benito Mussolini as a symbol for his political ideology of fascism. Therefore, post-World War II adoption of the fasces, or similar-looking symbols, has generally occurred among neo-Nazi groups. So if you find it creepy, you're not alone.
==See also==
*Fascism
*Metapedia
*Youth for Western Civilization
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Roman history
Category:Fascism
Fashtag

The fashtag or Bash the Hash was an attempted right-wing troll campaign spawned in May 2019 by 4chan's /pol/ board. The campaign was intended to dupe The Media into believing that the is a fascist, alt-right, or hateful symbol. The campaign produced fake adverts, fake media coverage and was praised by numerous far-right pundits.
It didn't work.
==Failure==
The "fashtag" was favorably received by neo-Nazi blog The Daily Stormer,#HeilHitler: “Fashtag” is a New Way to Signal to Other Followers of Nazi Ideology!, The Daily Stormer "journalist" Tim Pool, Tim Pool, YouTube, fetid swamp /r/TheDonald, ancap furry Mr. Dapperton,, Mr. Dapperton, YouTube disgraced pundit Milo Yiannopoulos, Milo Yiannopoulos on Legion Of Skanks, YouTube and a few small right-wing YouTubers., Mr. Obvious, YouTube, Martina Markota, YouTube, Conservative With a Mic, YouTube, Salty Cracker, YouTube More than 200 threads on 4chan attempted to organize the operation."fashtag"+OR+"bash+the+hash"%29+site%3A4plebs.org "("fashtag" OR "bash the hash") site:4plebs.org", Google Search] Many of these sources claimed or implied that "The Media" was duped and described the hashtag as a "symbol of hate".
In reality, all mainstream coverage noted that the campaign was a hoax, including The Telegraph,, Amanda Seitz and Beatrice Dupuy, The Telgraph ,, Joe Terzon, VT and even fucking RT., RT This also includes the article from The Daily Dot,, Mikael Thalen, The Daily Dot which was claimed as proof that the media took the bait despite being written by an InfoWars writer., Jared Holt, Twitter Claims to the contrary were mostly themselves fake news, including a fake local TV spot, Dan Jordan, YouTube}} and a fake CNN screenshot of SE Cupp produced below:
The term "fashtag" rose to about 1/10th the search volume of "hashtag" in May 2019."Fashtag", "Hashtag", Google Trends
In short, as usual, this 4chan "hoax" mostly consisted of 4channers hoaxing other 4channers into believing that they were actually having an impact.
==Switch Reloaded==
In Season 4 Episode 8 of the German comedy series Switch: Reloaded, a sketch parodying The Office with Michael Kessler as Adolf Hitler features a redesigned nazi flag with a hashtag/number sign replacing the swastika. The episode first aired in July 2010, nine years before the hoax emerged.https://www.prosieben.de/tv/switch-reloaded/video/22-obersalzberg-schreibmaschinen-fuers-vaterland-cliphttps://www.imdb.com/title/tt1151173/?ref_=ttep_ep2
==See also==
*Alt-right glossary
*Operation Swedistan
*DropTheB
*LGBTP
*NoMenMidterms
*No White Democrats
==External links==
*Fashtag, Know Your Meme
==References==
Category:4chan
Category:Alt-right
Category:Right-wing troll campaigns
Fast food

Fast food refers to tasty, high in calorie content ready-to-serve food that you get from the stores of Burger King, KFC, McDonald's, Chick-fil-A, In-N-Out Burger etc. It is popular among busy people. Fast foods are notorious for being rich in trans fat (though some restaurants are beginning to stop using it)Anna Gosline. "Why fast foods are bad, even in moderation." New Scientist. 2006 June 12. content and spreading obesity and type 2 diabetes. There has also been reported a higher risk in stroke occurrences with regular fast food customers, but this could also be due to other factors, such as lack of exercise.Ewen Callaway. "Study links fast food joints with stroke risk." New Scientist. 2009 February 19.
Of course, it is still possible to occasionally enjoy fast food and remain quite healthy, as long as you also have healthier options in your regular diet and exercise regularly. Contrary to popular belief, not all people who enjoy fast food are the same. There are those who consume fast food on an almost daily basis, exercise rarely, consume a lot of other junk food, and eat little to no fruit or greens, but there are those who consume fast food in moderate to low quantities (not more than a meal or two per week) and in small proportions. While a lot of obesity can be linked to fast food consumption, having an occasional fast food meal is probably, by itself, not going to make you fat.
== Comparison with "slow food" restaurants ==
While it is true that the menu items at fast food restaurants tend to be very calorie-dense and fattening, the same can be said for many of the menu items found at more upscale restaurants. The Macaroni and Cheese entree at Red Robin, for example, contains over 40 grams of saturated fat (double the full daily value for someone on a 2000 calorie-a-day diet). The nutrition info for some of the menu items at the Cheesecake Factory, or Marie Callender's, would put a McDonald's Big Mac to shame.
Thus, the main health criticism of a fast food establishment shouldn't be that they have fattening menu items — as non-fast-food restaurants frequently do also — but that:
# The low cost and high-speed of delivery of their menu items makes access to calorie-rich foods more convenient than it would be at a conventional restaurant.
# The selection of lower-calorie menu items tends to be very limited.
And even "junk food" has its defenders.How Junk Food Can End Obesity, The Atlantic, July/August 2013
==See also==
*Fast-food Christianity
*Subway diet
*Super Size Me
==References==
Category:Food
Category:Restaurants
Faster-than-light travel

Faster-than-light travel (often abbreviated to FTL) refers to the purported ability or potential to break the universal speed limit of light.
==How fast is it, Doc?==
The maximum speed of light is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second (this is possible because the meter is actually defined by the speed of light), but is usually approximated at 3×108 meters per second. Although this is the speed of unstructured light in a vacuum and the speed of light is affected by the material through which it passes, the speed of light in a vacuum is the maximum possible speed.
Some claim that this fundamental constant of the universe can be broken or at least worked around. But the amount of energy it takes to accelerate an object with rest mass rises sharply as c is approached until a discontinuity is reached. It would require infinite energy to cross the final gap.
==Possibility of travel faster than the speed of light==
Einstein's theory of general relativity does not rule out the existence of shortcuts in spacetime called which could permit the travel of a ship from one part of the galaxy to the other, bypassing the intervening interstellar space. An extraordinarily advanced civilization could conceivably construct artificial wormholes connecting a group of stars like a subway system. Carl Sagan described such a network in his novel Contact. However, even using wormholes to bypass the speed of light limit opens up possibilities of making "go back in time machines" (unless the science fiction author is very careful in restricting how wormholes can be made).
The is another hypothetical possibility. It requires the existence of negative mass. Even if negative masses exist, it would take as much energy as the sun produces over its entire lifetime just to create an Alcubierre warp field, let alone to make such a field move. However, a means of reducing the mass-energy requirements tremendously was theorized by physicist Harold White in 2012.
==See also==
*Light speed
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Physics
Category:Protoscience
Category:Science fiction
Category:Time
Fate

The idea of fate or destiny invokes the notion that some or all events are preordained by a god, a number of gods, muses, certain humans, or another force. Fate is an interesting superstition (or perhaps not a superstition) because, like the mere existence of supernatural beings, it can not be experimentally tested. That is to say anything that ever has happened, is now happening, or ever will happen can be attributed to "fate" with no opportunity to disprove the claim. If there is such thing as fate, then free will may not exist, or will be severely weakened.
Fate is a common theme in narratives and plots, as it's either a convenient get-out clause for over-contrived plot-points or because it just makes things more interesting. Sometimes smart entrepreneurs use the mention of "fate" in woo such as fortune-telling to catch the imagination of listeners and to continue to talk them out of their money while the fortune-teller explains how all their dreams will inevitably come true and love is waiting around the corner, et cetera. This suggests some people supposedly can "read" the preordained future, so long as the readings remain sufficiently vague such that their claims can't be tested until long after the money is spent.
Religion-wise, peddlers of eschatology can go all out on the idea of doom (that which is "deemed" or fated) or destiny. If your name does not appear in the Book of Life... Hell, "Bishop" has even dubbed his self-created sect the "
== References ==
==See also==
*Determinism
Category:Religion
Category:Woo
Fazale Rana

Fazale Rana is an American biochemist and Christian old earth creationist.
==Creationism==
Rana has a PhD in biochemistry and has published a book titled, The Cell's Design: How Chemistry Reveals the Creator's Artistry (2008), advocating creationism and denying evolution. He pretends in his book he is a secular intelligent design advocate however Rana is a devout Christian and Biblical creationist who is one of the founders of the Reasons To Believe organisation, a Christian creationist think tank that promotes Christian progressive creationism.Dr. Fazale RanaReview of Fazale Rana, "The Cell’s Design"
In fact, Rana's work is characterized by topics and arguments usually associated with young earth creationism. For instance, Rana has put some effort into trying to explain why harmful bacteria would exist if they were created by a good and benevolent god. He argues that they were created to be perfect, but have since evolved their harmful natures, which is strikingly similar, for instance, to articles written by Georgia Purdom for Answers Research Journal. Indeed, Rana and Reasons To Believe are no fans of Intelligent Design, recognizing at least that their creationism is firmly religiously motivated.Thus, Reasons To Believe's Hugh Ross agreed with the ruling in the Kitzmiller v. Dover that Intelligent Design was a religious and not a scientific theory. Panda's Thumb, Post from December 2005. Instead, Rana and Ross attempted to develop their own "scientifically testable" origins of life hypothesis in their 2004 book "Origins of Life: Biblical and Evolutionary Models Face Off", including the hypothesis "First life was qualitatively different from life that came into existence on creation days three, five, and six." The book was heavily criticized for its twisting of facts, errors of scholarship, logical fallacies, and quote-mining.Gary Hurd (2007), review Review: Origins of Life, Reports of the National Center for Science Education, Volume: 27, 2007 (3–4), pp. 45–48.
==Science==
The scientific community have rejected the claims of Rana as pseudoscience and have said that he has misrepresented modern cell biology due to his religious agenda.Review: The Cell's Design by Frank Steiner 
==See also==
*Hugh Ross
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Chemists
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Feathered dinosaurs

Feathered dinosaurs are yet another crushing blow to creationists. They clearly show evolutionary transitions from nonavian dinosaurs (specifically theropods, which include all known carnivorous dinosaurs) to avian dinosaurs (birds).
==Denialism==
Creationists blatantly deny their existence,CreationWiki: Feathered dinosaur. One example they use: since dinosaurs are reptiles and reptiles have scales, birds have, unfortunately, feathers, and scales and feathers are different; therefore, feathered dinosaurs make no sense. Mind-blowing. Even though birds do have scales, even if they are only degenerate feathers, but nuance isn't something creationists are adept at. even though there are several of them on Wikipedia and right outside your window. Creationists will claim that many are not transitional forms because they come after archaeopteryx, iconically the "first bird". This is a misunderstanding of what a transitional form is: it is not necessarily a direct ancestor or descendant of two distinct species, but a creature that has traits of two different species, illustrating an evolutionary link. Even archaeopteryx is now considered not ancestral to modern birds (a "dethroning" of which creationists made much hay), with other theropod groups considered closer to the transition.
Despite this, popular culture is still having trouble accepting the post-1990s ideas of feathered dinosaurs. While the Discovery Channel and the BBC have made films with downy dinosaurs, the 900lb gorilla of dinosaur films, Jurassic Park and its sequels, didn't give their dinosaurs feathers until the third film, and then only four on the back of the head. They are accurate as dragons and should thus be classified as such.
To some degree, popular understandings result from simple order of fossil discovery.Plus good ol' unfeathered raptors are way cooler than those chocobo-like… things and featherless chickens will be equally as cool as them for far-future generations. If the first Velociraptor had been found with feathers, the press could have labeled them clawed flightless birds, and in a sense it wouldn't be that far off (since the point of demarcation is arbitrary). Conversely, if archeopteryx hadn't been discovered until the present, it would likely be considered a new type of "feathered dinosaur". Of course, per a cladistic understanding of things, archeopteryx is definitely a feathered dinosaur, and other feathered dinosaurs (the birds) are alive and widespread today.
==See also==
*Archaeopteryx
*Avian phylogeny and origins
*Microraptor
*Transitional fossil
*Evolution
*Dinosaur
*Bird
*Jurassic Park
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Denialism
Category:Dinosaurs
Category:Transitional fossils
Federalism

Federalism is the political idea that some internal policy-making powers are better performed at different levels. This is most expressed in countries like the United States and Germany, where each state (and often each county or government) is given a lot of lee-way in how to run its own internal affairs, or Spain where each separate cultural region is given similar power. The United Kingdom has seemingly hopped on the federal bandwagon, to some extent, with the creation of separate parliaments for Scotland and Wales. In the real world federations tend to appear in countries with a large land mass (Such as Canada or Australia) or a large population (such as Pakistan and Nigeria.)
Within the US, there is a lot of rhetorical support for federalism from all sides of the political spectrum, but actual support for the principle seem to depend on whether one agrees with the national government's stance on a given issue: liberals want federalism on marriage and drug use, conservatives want it on religious indoctrination and abortion laws. 
There are many services and bureaucracies that could only function effectively at the federal level, such as the FAA. Unless you'd like having poorly maintained planes from Texas crashing every week.
==See also==
*Federalist Party
*Posse Comitatus -When federalism jumps off the camel's nose.
Category:Forms of government
Category:United States government
Federalist Party

The Federalist Party was the first national political party in the United States. It was formed by Alexander Hamilton during the first term of President George Washington from the "federalist" movement that pushed for the ratification of the Constitution in the late 1780s. The Federalists drew considerable support from the Northeast, New England in particular, and were made up largely of urban businessmen and bankers.
The Federalist Party favored a strong federal government and pushed for positive relations with the United Kingdom. Because both George Washington and John Adams were Federalists (Washington tended to support Federalist policies), they succeeded in establishing one. Occasionally, however, they strayed into the authoritarian side of things, like how an organisation eponymous to the party, and in turn, to the movement, has actually done in the present day; under Adams, they passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, which made it illegal to print "malicious" or "scandalous" criticism of the federal government (but not of Democratic-Republican Vice President Thomas Jefferson) and gave an unprecedented amount of power to the President.
John Adams' missteps in his presidency caused the party to lose control of the White House to Thomas Jefferson, and there was never another Federalist president. The party then collapsed after the War of 1812 due to the events of the Hartford Convention, in which a large group of New England Federalists seriously discussed the prospect of secession from the United States due to the effect that the war with the British Empire was having on the region's trade-based economy. The talk of secession went over with the rest of the country about as well as one would expect, and the Federalist Party was disgraced. The Whig Party (not to be confused with the Modern Whig party) is its closest descendant. And due to its origin as a successor party made up of Whigs and abolitionists, the GOP from about 1856-1980 was probably the last remnant of the Federalist Party — as of the 21st century, most Federalist states are solidly Democratic.
Category:United States history
Category:United States political parties
Category:Conservative political parties