Cinnamaldéhyde

==Nom de la substance==
Cinnamaldéhyde = aldéhyde cinnamique = trans-cinnamaldéhyde
==Famille moléculaire==
* Aldéhyde phénylpropanique
* Phénylpropanoïde
==Source végétale==
* Huile essentielle de Cannelle de Ceylan et de cannelle de Chine
==Propriétés==
* Anti-infectieux majeur à très large spectre d’action, forte activité antibactérienne vis-à-vis de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Samonella typhymurium, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp. et Enterobacter sp, même Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium avium, et antifongique vis-à-vis de Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium sp. Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, Malassezia furfur Linda S. M. Ooi, Yaolan Li, Sheung-Lau Kam, Hua Wang, Elaine Y. L. Wong, Vincent E. C. Ooi. Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamon Oil and Cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese Medicinal Herb Cinnamomum cassia Blume. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine (AJCM), Volume: 34, Issue: 3(2006) pp. 511-522, Shang-Tzen Chang, Pin-Fun Chen, Shan-Chwen Chang. Antibacterial activity of leaf essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 77, Issue 1, September 2001, Pages 123-127, Stella Y. Y. Wong, Irene R. Grant, Mendel Friedman, Christopher T. Elliott, Chen Situ. Antibacterial Activities of Naturally Occurring Compounds against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Oct. 2008, Vol. 74, No. 19, p. 5986–5990, Ferhout H, Bohatier J, Guillo, J, Chalchat JC. Antifungal Activity of Selected Essential Oils, Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol against Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans. Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 119-129. Jan-Feb 1999. , Moleyar V, Narasimham P. Antibacterial activity of essential oil components. Int J Food Microbiol. 1992 Aug;16(4):337-42. PMID 1457292
** Le mécanisme d'action antibactérien pourrait être une modulation de l'absorption et de l'utilisation du glucose dans la cellule et une action membranaire Alexander O. Gill and Richard A. Holley. Mechanisms of Bactericidal Action of Cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of Eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2004, p. 5750-5755, Vol. 70, No. 10
** L'activité antifongique pourrait être liée à une inhibition de synthèse des béta-glucanes et de la chitine Kyu-Ho Bang, Dong-Won Lee, Hee-Moon Park, Young-Ha Rhee. Inhibition of Fungal Cell Wall Synthesizing Enzymes by trans-Cinnamaldehyde. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 64 (2000) , No. 5 pp.1061-1063
** Le cinnamaldéhyde réduit la concentration minimale inhibitrice du fluconazole jusqu'à 8 fois (Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton rubrum) Khan, M. S. A., & Ahmad, I. (2011). Antifungal activity of essential oils and their synergy with fluconazole against drug-resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 90(3), 1083-1094.
* Entre en synergie avec les phénols Nicole Didry, Luc Dubreuil, Madeleine Pinkas. Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, Volume 69, Issue 1, July 1994, Pages 25-28 PMID 7938073, Pei RS, Zhou F, Ji BP, Xu J. Evaluation of combined antibacterial effects of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol against E. coli with an improved method. J Food Sci. 2009 Sep;74(7):M379-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01287.x. PMID 19895484, cinnamaldéhyde, acide cinnamique, eugénol, carvacrol, thymol montrent un effet synergique en association avec les antibiotiques et inhibent les mécanismes de résistance antibactérienne Langeveld WT, Veldhuizen EJ, Burt SA. Synergy between essential oil components and antibiotics: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2014 Feb;40(1):76-94. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.763219. PMID 23445470
** Attention néanmoins, les composés chimiques présentant un groupe aldéhyde tels que le cinnamaldéhyde et le citral induisent une réponse de stress électrophile chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa, permettant d’activer des transporteurs d'efflux multidrogues, augmentant l'expression des opérons qui codent pour divers systèmes d'efflux, et la résistance à divers antibiotiques antipseudomonas (méropénème, ceftazidime, tobramycine, ciprofloxacine) Tetard A, Zedet A, Girard C, Plésiat P, Llanes C. Cinnamaldehyde Induces Expression of Efflux Pumps and Multidrug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Sep 23;63(10):e01081-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01081-19. PMID 31383658; PMCID: PMC6761548.
* Anti-inflammatoire Gunawardena D, Karunaweera N, Lee S, van Der Kooy F, Harman DG, Raju R, Bennett L, Gyengesi E, Sucher NJ, Münch G. Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) extracts - identification of E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde as the most potent bioactive compounds. Food Funct. 2015 Jan 28. PMID 25629927, par inhibition de la voie du NF-κB Muhammad JS, Zaidi SF, Shaharyar S, Refaat A, Usmanghani K, Saiki I, Sugiyama T. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Cinnamaldehyde in Helicobacter pylori Induced Gastric Inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(1):109-15. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00609. PMID 25744466
* Antiagrégant plaquettaire, antithrombotique Huang J, Wang S, Luo X, Xie Y, Shi X. Cinnamaldehyde reduction of platelet aggregation and thrombosis in rodents. Thromb Res. 2007;119(3):337-42. PMID 16626787, Lee, Hoi-Seon. (2007). Anticoagulant properties of the active compound derived from Cinnamomum cassia bark. Food Science and Biotechnology. 16. 218-222.
* Hypoglycémiant et hypolipidémiant Subash Babu P, Prabuseenivasan S, Ignacimuthu S. Cinnamaldehyde--a potential antidiabetic agent. Phytomedicine. 2007 Jan;14(1):15-22. PMID 17140783
* Sédatif du système nerveux central, antalgique par action sur les TRPV1 Sui F, Lin N, Guo JY, Zhang CB, Du XL, Zhao BS, Liu HB, Yang N, Li LF, Guo SY, Huo HR, Jiang TL. Cinnamaldehyde up-regulates the mRNA expression level of TRPV1 receptor potential ion channel protein and its function in primary rat DRG neurons in vitro. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2010 Jan;12(1):76-87. doi: 10.1080/10286020903451732. PMID 20390747., et légèrement anesthésiant
* Stimulant cardiaque et respiratoire
* Antitumoral, inducteur d'apoptose Hyeon Ka, Hee-Juhn Park, Hyun-Ju Jung, Jong-Won Choi, Kyu-Seok Cho, Joohun Ha, Kyung-Tae Lee. Cinnamaldehyde induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Cancerletters, Volume 196, Issue 2, Pages 143-152 (10 July 2003), cytotoxique sur cellules cancéreuses humaines Fang Shih-Hua, Rao Yerra Koteswara, Tzeng Yew-Min. Cytotoxic Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Leaves on Human Cancer Cell Lines. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2004. 2, 2: 136-147
* Immunomodulant Seung Ho Lee, Sun Young Lee, Dong Ju Son, Heesoon Lee, Hwan Soo Yoo, Sukgil Song, Ki Wan Oh, Dong Cho Han, Byoung Mog Kwon, Jin Tae Hong. Inhibitory effect of 2′-hydroxycinnamaldehyde on nitric oxide production through inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Biochemical Pharmacology, Volume 69, Issue 5, 1 March 2005, Pages 791-799 
* Activité larvicide sur les larves de certains moustiques Sen-Sung Cheng, Ju-Yun Liu, Kun-Hsien Tsai, Wei-June Chen, Shang-Tzen Chang. Chemical Composition and Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Different Cinnamomum osmophloeum Provenances. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004 52 (14), pp 4395–4400
==Effet thérapeutique==
==Effets indésirables==
* Causticité pour les muqueuses et la peau, risque d'irritation cutanéo-muqueuse Bickers D, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin JM, Rogers AE, Saurat JH, Sipes IG, Smith RL, Tagami H. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid when used as fragrance ingredients. Food and chemical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no6, pp. 799-836
* Toxicité gastro-intestinale, gastralgies
* Risque allergique Vimala A. Majeti, Raymond R. Suskind. Mechanism of cinnamaldehyde sensitization. Contact Dermatitis, Volume 3, Issue 1, pages 16–18, February 1977, Weibel H. Hansen J. Andersen KE. Cross-sensitization patterns in guinea pigs between cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamic acid. Acta dermato-venereologica, 1989, vol. 69, no4, pp. 302-307, J. P. Nater, M. C. J. M. De Jong, A. J. M. Baar, E. Bleumink. Contact urticarial skin responses to cinnamaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis, Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 151–154, June 1977, éviter en cas d'allergie à la cannelle ou au baume du Pérou
* Dose journalière acceptable pour l'être humain 1,25 mg/kg, DL 50 de 4,16 g/kg chez le rat Goetz P, Ghédira K. Phytothérapie anti-infectieuse, Ed. Springer, 2012
==Bibliographie==
* Gulab N. Jham, Onkar D. Dhingra, Carolina M. Jardim, Vânia M. M. Valente. Identification of the major fungitoxic component of cinnamon bark oil. Fitopatologia Brasileira. TEXTE INTÉGRAL 
Catégorie:principes actifs