nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Newark, DE Increasing the City's Purchases of Renewable Energy

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 1/24/05
Vote: Unanimous
Source File: http://www.cityofnewarkde.us/DocumentView.asp?DID=174
Text: Unable to copy source file. Please refer to it for text of resolution.
Category:City Governments
Category:Delaware
Category:Renewable Energy
Category:Resolutions
Newport, RI Open Space District

Type: Municipal Code
Status: Last updated in 2000
Source File: http://ordlink.com/codes/newportr/_DATA/TITLE17/Chapter_17_69__OPEN_SPACE_DIST.html#1
Text:
Chapter 17.69. OPEN SPACE DISTRICT
17.69.010. Legislative intent.
The open space district is an area designed to provide for the preservation and enhancement of open spaces in the city and to foster environmental conservation activities. It is realized that open spaces contribute greatly to improving the quality of life, enhancing property values and promoting general well-being among the city's residents. The comprehensive land use plan explicitly states the need for conservation of existing open spaces through the zoning code. It is the intent of this district to provide for conserving existing open spaces and to acquire additional suitable lands as identified in the comprehensive plan for inclusion in this district. (Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
17.69.020. Use regulations.
A. The following uses are permitted by right:
:1. Conservation lands;
:2. Bird sanctuaries;
:3. Wildlife preserves;
:4. Open spaces;
:5. Parks;
:6. Historic resource preservation;
:7. Municipal and public service corporation buildings and facilities; community water supply reservoirs; community well houses; water towers; water and sewage treatment facilities, water and sewage pumping stations;
:8. Accessory uses with respect to the foregoing.
b. The following uses require a special use permit from the zoning board of review:
:1. Playgrounds;
:2. Playing fields;
:3. Trails for walking or biking.
(Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
17.69.030. Dimension requirements.
A. The minimum lot area shall be ten thousand (10,000) square feet.
B. There shall be no minimum lot width requirement for this district.
(Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
17.69.040. Setback requirements.
A. Front line, eighty (80) feet;
B. Side line, eighty (80) feet;
C. Rear line, eighty (80) feet.
(Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
17.69.050. Lot coverage requirements.
The maximum portion of a lot to be covered by a permanent structure shall not exceed three percent. The lot coverage requirement for this district shall include all impervious paved surfaces such as trails and parking lots.
(Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
17.69.060. Building height requirements.
No portion of any structure shall exceed twenty-five (25) feet in height, except as otherwise provided in Section 17.04.050.
(Ord. 2000-4 (part), 2000: Ord. 97-50A § 2 (part), 1997)
Category:City Governments
Category:Code
Category:Open Space
Category:Rhode Island
Nicaragua

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nicaragua
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http://www.theguardian.com/world/nicaragua
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http://www.lonelyplanet.com/nicaragua
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INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) -- 2015 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions
 Nicaragua's INDC plan - [TBD] - "Nicaragua to defy UN in climate pledge refusal" / Dec 12, 2015
http://www.mapsopensource.com/nicaragua?url=nicaragua
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nicaragua_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/550px-Nicaragua_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png
Category:Nicaragua
Category:Central America
Category:Location
Category:Countries
Category:Agricultural Economics
Category:Ecological Economics
Category:Economic Development
Category:Human Rights
Niger

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger
* https://www.google.com/maps/place/Niger
: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
* http://www.theguardian.com/world/niger
: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
* https://www.lonelyplanet.com/niger
: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationally_determined_contribution
* https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs
* https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs
Niger First NDC (2016 - French, Archived)
Niger First NDC (2021 - Updated Submission)
Niger First NDC (2016 - English Translation)
INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) -- 2015 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions
 Niger's INDC plan - http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Niger/1/Niger-INDC-versionfinale%20.pdf
 http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Niger/1/Niger-INDC-final_Eng_20151020162516_65260.pdf
::::::::::::::* http://www.mapsopensource.com/niger?url=niger
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Location_Niger_AU_Africa.svg/800px-Location_Niger_AU_Africa.svg.png
http://www.mapsopensource.com/images/niger-political-map.gif
Category:Niger
Category:Africa
Category:Location
Category:Countries
Category:Agricultural Economics
Category:Ecological Economics
Category:Economic Development
Category:Human Rights
Category:INDC
Nigeria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nigeria
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http://www.theguardian.com/world/nigeria 
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http://www.lonelyplanet.com/venezuela
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INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) -- 2015 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions
 Nigeria's INDC plan - PDF-1 -- PDF-2
http://www.mapsopensource.com/nigeria?url=nigeria
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg/800px-Location_Nigeria_AU_Africa.svg.png
Category:Nigeria
Category:Africa
Category:Location
Category:Countries
Category:Agricultural Economics
Category:Ecological Economics
Category:Economic Development
Category:Human Rights
Category:INDC
Niue

The world's smallest independent nation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niue
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/niue
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INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) -- 2015 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions
 Nieu's INDC plan - http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Niue/1/Niue%20INDC%20Final.pdf
http://photos1.blogger.com/img/72/953/400/niue.jpg
Category:Niue
Category:Oceania
Category:Location
Category:Countries
Category:Agricultural Economics
Category:Ecological Economics
Category:Economic Development
Category:Human Rights
Category:INDC
Nomenclature of Colors

The nomenclature of colors we use today is really a machine language–numerical hex codes crafted to communicate with software on computers and printers. Before the age of CMYK and RBG, though, artists and scientists created their own languages for talking about and categorizing color. Though many have fallen into obscurity, at least one is now accessible to anyone with access to the internet: Werner’s Nomenclature of Colours.
* https://www.fastcompany.com/90239248/a-200-year-old-guide-to-color-redesigned-for-the-internet-age
* https://www.c82.net/werner/#preface
Published in 1814 by the painter Patrick Syme based on the work of geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner, Werner’s is a working dictionary of colors found in the natural world, complete with swatches and examples of animals, minerals, and vegetables where a particular hue could be found in the wild. The book was a work straight out of the early days of natural science–Darwin traveled with a copy, and used its definitions in his writings.
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Category:Earth Art
Category:Digital Citizen
Category:Ecology Studies
Category:Internet
Category:Nature
Norfolk, VA Neighborhood University

Type: Program
Status: Ongoing
Source File: http://www.norfolk.gov/Neighborhoods/Services/University.asp
Description:
Promoting Community Pride and Excellence!
The Neighborhood University is a community enrichment program established in 1999 by the City of Norfolk. It is dedicated to providing the highest quality training to citizens of Norfolk, to improve the condition of neighborhood housing, the vitality of neighborhood organizations, and overall quality of community life. Courses are intended to engage, inform and equip citizens with the training and technical assistance needed to help build the capacity of residents to be better advocates for their communities. Neighborhood University provides opportunities for networking and sharing practical ideas for problem solving, decision making, and managing community development initiatives. This is achieved by cultivating community interest and neighborhood support, orienting citizens to specific policy issues and government practices, and informing citizens of available resources.
All Neighborhood University Courses are FREE and open to the public.
Category:City Governments
Category:Education
Category:Programs
Category:Virginia
North Bend, WA Public Officials Public Disclosure

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 10/5/04
Source File: http://tinyurl.com/2g8skb
Text:
RESOLUTION 1030
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF NORTH BEND, WASHINGTON, MAKING ALL NORTH BEND PUBLIC OFFICIALS SUBJECT TO PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED UNDER INITIATIVE 276 AND RCW 42.17
WHEREAS, The proper operation of democratic representative government in North
Bend requires that elected and appointed public officers and employee be independent,
impartial, and responsible to the people; that government decisions and policy be made in
the proper channels of the government structure; that public office not be used for
personal gain; and that the public have confidence in the integrity of its government; and
WHEREAS, Campaign Finance Disclosure Reporting Requirements under RCW 42.17,
as administered by the Public Disclosure Commission (PDC) is hereby adopted policy
establishing public disclosure requirements for all public officials at the City of North
Bend; and
WHEREAS, the people of North Bend have the right to expect from their elected
representatives the utmost of integrity, honesty and fairness in their dealings; and,
WHEREAS, RCW 42.17.405 expressly allows the City of North Bend to petition the
PDC for implementing campaign finance disclosure for all elected officials,
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF NORTH BEND, WASHINGTON, DOES HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. All elected City of North Bend Officials shall file with the Public Disclosure Commission campaign finance disclosure documents a required by RCW 42.17 as soon as a decision on this petition is made by the PDC.
Category:Campaign Finance
Category:City Governments
Category:Resolutions
Category:Washington
North Korea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea
https://www.google.com/maps/place/North_Korea
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
http://www.theguardian.com/world/north-korea
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http://www.lonelyplanet.com/north-korea
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INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) -- 2015 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intended_Nationally_Determined_Contributions
 North Korea's INDC plan - [TBD]
http://www.mapsopensource.com/north-korea?url=north-korea
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/536px-North_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png
Category:North Korea
Category:Asia
Category:Location
Category:Countries
Category:Agricultural Economics
Category:Ecological Economics
Category:Economic Development
Category:Human Rights
North Vancouver, British Columbia Anti-Idling Bylaw

Type: Bylaw1
Status: Adopted in October 2005
Source File: http://www.cnv.org/server.aspx?c=3&i=320
Description:
Vehicle idling is an important environmental and economic issue due to the unnecessary emission of carbon dioxide, the primary contributor to the greenhouse gas effect. According to Natural Resources Canada, a typical vehicle produces approximately three times its weight in carbon dioxide each year. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles creates chemicals that contribute to increasing smog in Metro Vancouver.
In October 2005, the City amended its Street & Traffic bylaw that limits the amount of time drivers may allow their vehicle engines to idle while stationary. The move is part of an environmental initiative to build a greener, more sustainable community.
Bylaw Details
The amendment to the Street and Traffic Bylaw prohibits a motor vehicle stopped on a City Street from operating its engine for more than three (3) minutes during a 60-minute period. This bylaw was prepared based on the model bylaw adopted by the GVRD Board in 2004. The District of North Vancouver has endorsed a similar bylaw, and several other municipalities are considering similar regulations.
There is a penalty for motor vehicle operators who violate the vehicle idling component of the Street and Traffic Bylaw.
* A basic penalty of $45
* A penalty reduction to $35 if early payment is received
* A penalty increase to $60 if late payment is received
Exemptions
There are various exemptions to this bylaw, which consider special cases where vehicle idling would be acceptable or unavoidable for safety or other practical reasons. The following vehicles are exempt from the idling bylaw:
1. A mobile workshop, while such a vehicle is being used as a mobile workshop.
2. Police, fire or ambulance vehicles while engaged in operational activities, including training activities, except where idling is substantially for the convenience of the operator of the vehicle.
3. Vehicles assisting in an emergency activity.
4. Vehicles for which idling is required as part of a repair or regular pre-check maintenance process.
5. Armoured vehicles in which a person remains inside the vehicle while guarding the contents of the vehicle or while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded.
6. Vehicles required to remain motionless because of an emergency, traffic, or mechanical difficulties over which the driver has no control.
7. Vehicles engaged in a parade or race or any other event authorized by the City of North Vancouver.
8. Vehicles required to use heating or refrigeration systems powered by the motor or engine for the preservation of perishable cargo.
9. Vehicles when the ambient temperature inside the vehicle is:
:1. More than twenty-seven degrees Celsius (27 C.); or
:2. Less than five degrees Celsius (5 C.)
Footnote: 1 - For the sake of consistency, Canadian municipal by-laws are categorized as ordinances as they serve the same purpose as their American counterparts.
Category:British Columbia
Category:Canada
Category:City Governments
Category:Gas-Powered Transportation
Category:Ordinances
Northampton, MA Community Garden

Type: Program
Status: Ongoing
Source File: http://www.nohogardens.org/
Description:
About the Garden
The Northampton Community Garden comprises 7 acres on Burts Pit Road just off Rte. 66 and occupies the former kitchen garden area of the Northampton State Hospital. Over 400 plots, each 20 ft x 20 ft, gardened singly or in double, triple, or quadruple combination, form the Garden’s living patchwork.
Each of 250 gardeners (or team of gardeners) pays a fee (currently $18/plot) for the gardening season and contributes at least 2 hours of community service. Running water, communal tools, made-on-the-spot compost, and wood chips are provided. Gardeners use their plots to grow both vegetables and flowers.
Visitors are welcome--walkers as well as bird and butterfly watchers. They are asked to stay on grass paths, to leash their dogs, to refrain from smoking (to avoid infecting tomato plants with Tobacco Mosaic Virus), and to take nothing from the gardens.
Registering for a plot
New Gardener Registration is held on the last Saturday in March. In 2008, the current season, all plots have been assigned and there is a waiting list.
Care and feeding of the garden
The Garden is a program of the Northampton Recreation Department and is managed by a Garden Committee of volunteers and maintained completely by gardeners. The Garden publishes a quarterly Newsletter.
All are welcome to attend Committee meetings, held on the 2nd Monday of each month—at the Recreation Department (90 Locust St.) during the winter and at the Garden during the summer.
Volunteer Opportunities
Each member is required to perform Community Garden service for at least 2 hours each season. With each Registration form comes an opportunity to sign up for the various tasks, but rest assured there are alway more tasks awaiting.
On the back of the storage shed is a card for you to enter your hours during the summer.
Ongoing tasks include:
* Mowing grass
* Trimming grass around posts and spigots.
* Oh so many more - please check the shed bulletin board for other tasks.
Survival Center
Our Garden Community has an important and meaningful ongoing relationship with the Northampton Survival Center. In addition to volunteers maintaining a plot for the Center, we also encourage all members to donate excess crops throughout the growing season. There is a cooler kept behind the storage shed for this purpose, the contents of which are taken each Tuesday to the Survival Center.
Category:City Governments
Category:Community Gardens
Category:Massachusetts
Category:Programs
Northbrook, IL Fire Department Anti-Idling Policy

Type: Policy
Status: Adopted
Source File: http://www.northbrook.il.us/Services/Green_Op.php
Text:
In addition to the purchase of the hybrid vehicles, Northbrook Fire Department has created the Department Operating Guideline (DOG) that outlines their policy of limiting the idling of department vehicles to reduce exhaust emissions. The details of this guideline are below:
19.2.1 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of these procedures are to present clear guidelines for the reduction of idling time on department apparatus while maintaining operational readiness. To minimize the exhaust emissions of department vehicles.
To minimize the unnecessary use of fuel resources.
To maintain operational readiness.
19.2.2 GENERAL
During all routine, non-emergency use, all department vehicles will not be left idling for any period longer than five (5) minutes. Vehicles that are left with radios on for the purpose of monitoring radio traffic shall be run for five (5) minutes every half hour to maintain a charge in the batteries.
Vehicles that are actively involved in an incident shall remain running as long as needed for the duration of the incident.
Vehicles that are not actively involved in an incident, but are on the scene of an incident, shall be shut off and batteries shut off.
Vehicles being used to provide emergency lighting shall remain running for the duration of the need.
Vehicles will be shut off during fueling operations.
Vehicles will remain running during any operations when the ambient temperature is below freezing.
Any vehicle providing heating or cooling for personnel or civilians during an incident may remain running for the duration of the need.
The scope of this policy shall not infringe on the ability of an officer to modify the requirements of section 19.2.2 when justified by the circumstances.
Category:City Governments
Category:Gas-Powered Transportation
Category:Illinois
Category:Policies
Northbrook, IL Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance

Type: Ordinance
Status: Adopted in 1999
Source File: http://www.northbrook.il.us/Services/Green_reforestation.php
Description:
In 1999, the Village enacted a progressive Tree Preservation ordinance that has preserved over 12,000 trees on private property. The Tree Preservation Ordinance is intended to protect trees that are 6” or more in diameter. In some cases, reforestation is required for tree removal. Since the beginning of the Tree Preservation Ordinance, the Village has required over 6,000 new trees to be planted on private property. Tree Preservation has promoted and protected our urban forest and contributes to reduce CO2 emissions in our atmosphere.
Tree Preservation Forms and Information
Both of these actions have helped promote and protect our urban forest.
All trees located in any "required yard," which by Zoning code is set as the front, side or back yard, with a diameter equal to or greater than six inches (6") are protected in Northbrook by Northbrook’s Tree Preservation Ordinance passed on August 16, 1999. The ordinance further protects Landmark trees and established a new category of Heritage trees.
You MUST apply for a Tree Removal permit (no fee) and explain/justify the reason for the proposed removal of any protected tree.
If a permit is granted for the removal of a healthy Landmark tree, an inch for inch tree replacement or fee will be required.
When construction of any kind that will impact the trees on your property or in the public right of way is planned, please remember a few very important facts:
A permit application must be filled out any time construction is scheduled on your property.
Make sure there is one copy of the plat of survey attached to the tree preservation data sheet.
The plat of survey must show all trees 6-inches or larger in diameter at breast height (DBH) the proposed construction (for example: the area of a new addition, deck, patio, driveway, sidewalk or pool), and the planned construction access route. 
Once the tree preservation fence is installed, it must remain in place and in good condition throughout the construction period.
Category:City Governments
Category:Illinois
Category:Ordinances
Category:Trees and Forests
Northbrook, IL Wind-Generated Energy Purchases

Type: Policy
Status: Initiated in 2004
Source File: http://www.northbrook.il.us/Services/Green_energy.php
Description:
Clean Alternative Energy
2004, the Village purchased its first renewable energy credits (REC's), also known as "green tags", of wind-generated energy from an Illinois based wind farm in Mendota Hills located in Lee County. Northbrook was the first and only municipal organization in Illinois to take this leadership role in purchasing REC’s during 2004. Because of our commitment, Northbrook was invited as a special guest for the wind farm dedication ceremony.
2006 and renewed during 2007, we expanded our leadership role and committed to an annual purchase of 4,500 megawatt hours of wind-generated energy, a quantity sufficient to run our entire water utility! The environmental impact of the purchase makes a statement on our commitment for clean air and the use of clean sustainable energy alternatives and our concern of our impact and contribution to global warming. Based on Midwest power plant averages as reported by the U.S. EPA, this annual purchase:
* Offset’s the burning of 1.915 million pounds of coal per year.
* Offset’s the production of 4,992,507 lbs of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere each year.
* Offset’s the production of 22,194 lbs of sulfur dioxide (SO2) each year.
* Offset’s the production of 12,194 pounds of nitrogen oxides (NOx) each year.
* Is equivalent to the benefits of planting 339,626 trees.
* Is equivalent to energy savings by not driving 4,311,562 auto miles per year.
* Is equivalent to taking 738 cars off the road.
Category:City Governments
Category:Illinois
Category:Policies
Category:Wind Energy