Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Synthetic antineoplastic anthracenedione, intercalates into DNA, causing crosslinking and strand breaks. Mitoxantrone inhibits topoisomerase II, which helps to uncoil and repair damaged DNA. It also has been observed to interfere with RNA and has activity against resting and proliferating cells. In vitro, it has been observed to interfere with antigen presentation; inhibit B-cell, T-cell, and macrophage proliferation; and decrease secretion of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2).Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) package insert Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: IV
Extravasation: irritant (usually), vesicant (rare) 
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Acute myeloid leukemia (FDA)
**Acute myeloid leukemia, FLT3-positive
**Acute promyelocytic leukemia (FDA)
==Diseases for which it is used==
*B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
**B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ph-positive
*Breast cancer
*Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
**Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
**Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
**Indolent lymphoma
***B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
***Follicular lymphoma
**Mantle cell lymphoma
*Prostate cancer
*T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
==Diseases for which it was used==
*Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
==Patient drug information==
*Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) patient drug information (Chemocare)Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) patient drug information (UpToDate)Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*1987-12-23: Initial FDA approval for the initial therapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in adults. This category includes myelogenous, promyelocytic, monocytic, and erythroid acute leukemias. (Based on Arlin et al. 1990)
*1996-11-13: Approved in combination with corticosteroids as initial chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with pain related to advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (Based on CALGB 9182, CCI-NOV22, Moore et al. 1994)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1981-06-15: EURD
==Also known as==
*Generic name: mitozantrone
*Brand names: Nitrol, Novantron, Novantrone
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Irritant
Category:Anthracenedione
Category:Topoisomerase II inhibitors
Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications
Category:Acute promyelocytic leukemia medications
Category:Breast cancer medications
Category:Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications
Category:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications
Category:Follicular lymphoma medications
Category:Indolent lymphoma medications
Category:MALT lymphoma medications
Category:Mantle cell lymphoma medications
Category:Prostate cancer medications
Category:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications (historic)
Category:FDA approved in 1987
Category:EMA approved in 1981