HG Lawrenson

HG "Bert" Lawrenson was a senior officer in the Metropolitan Police Special Branch in the 1960s, who moved to the Economic League London Regional Office as soon as he retired in early 1969. As the head of 'C' squad he oversaw the gathering of intelligence on the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign in 1968, and he was closely invovled in the setting up of CI Conrad Dixon's Special Demonstration Squad (or Special Operation Squad as it was called in the early days).
==Special Branch==
The first known appearance of Lawrenson as a Detective Inspector - most probably from Special Branch - is in 1963. Activist group 'Spies for Peace' had released top secret details of the governments plans for 'Regional Seats of Government', which was picked up by the wider peace movement. As part of an effort to prevent further publicising of the details, the state issued various warnings. These included a visit from Detective Inspectors Wood and Lawrenson, to Peace News due to that newspaper's plans to publish the details. Despite this, Peace News put the story on it's front page.'Resistance Shall Grow: the story of the 'Spies for Peace' and why they are important for your future, jointly published by a number of groups, 1963, p.11 (accessed via Libcom.org).
===C Squad===
Lawrenson was a Superintendent in charge of 'C' Squad later in the 1960s, according to a former colleague - having succeeded Harold Suttling in that role.John Streeter, Ian Adams who died on Wednesday 14th May 2014., 8/18 Association Newsletter, Edition 51, Autumn 2014. John Streeter wrote: ”I enjoyed the somewhat dubious pleasure of working with Ian Adams way back in the late 60s and early 70s when we both served together on ‘C’ Squad then under the command of Supt ‘Bert’ Lawrenson ably assisted by CIs ‘Ron’ Floor, Norman Murray and ‘Bill’ Tucker. Dates are as yet uncertain, but he certainly held the rank of Superintendent by late 1967 and subsequent years.Police and Constabulary Almanacs, miscellaneous years, R Hazell & co. Lawrenson was deputy to the then head of Special Branch, Chief Superintendent Arthur Cunningham.
In this role, he would have overseen Special Branch's intelligence gathering on political groups - its remit variously including Communists and Subversives/ Public Order / Domestic Extremism.Special Branch Introduction and summary of responsibilities, Metropolitan Police Special Branch, August 2004.Oliver Sanders QC, Robert McAllister & Claire Palmer, Amended written opening statement on behalf of the Designated Lawyer officer core participant group for hearing: 3-4 November 2020, Metropolitan Police Service, 28 October 2020 (accessed via ucpi.org.uk).Special Branch Introduction and summary of responsibilities, Metropolitan Police Special Branch, August 2004 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk). Lawrenson's former colleague, John Streeter in an obituary in 2014 puts it this way: "In those distant days one of the functions of ‘C’ Squad was to ‘monitor’ the subversive activities of extreme left wing organisations such as the CP, WRP, and many others doubtless still remembered with ‘affection’ by many of a certain vintage."
=== Special Demonstration Squad ===
1968 saw a mass movement against the Vietnam War, including large scale demonstrations in London. Special Branch played a key role in the police response to this,Dónal O’Driscoll, 1968 – Protest and Special Branch, Undercover Research Group, 14 April 2018 (accessed 2 April 2020, via SpecialBranchFiles.uk). including setting up undercover unit, the Special Demonstration Squad in late July that year, targeting the large scale 27 October mobilisation.Paul Lewis & Rob Evans, Undercover: The true story of Britain's secret poilce, Guardian Faber, 2013.
In doing so, the SDS had a close working relationship with the secret service from the very beginning, as was revealed in files released by the Inquiry in November 2020.
====Liaising with MI5====
Lawrenson was personally involved in cementing this relationship. At a first meeting between Special Branch and MI5 was held on 1 August, the day after the creation of the Squad, the intention to cooperate was recorded. Present were Director F, F.1 and F.4 of MI5 and Commander Ferguson Smith, head of Special Branch), Chief Superintendent Arthur Cunningham and Chief Inspector Conrad Dixon. On 2nd August, Dixon and his deputy Inspector Philip Saunders visited the Security Service to tie up liaison arranchments, the SDS was to have a liaison at MI5, to see what would happen with the intelligence sent there.F.4, Note for File regarding a meeting at Scotland Yard held to discuss arrangements for the October 27th Grosvenor Square demonstration, Security Service, 2 August 1968, accessed via UCPI.org.uk UCPI0000030045) 
Next, it was Superintendent Lawrenson who invited MI5 to Special Branch to iron out the final details of the cooperation.F.4, Note for file regarding a meeting where mention is made of a new 'special squad' set up in Special Branch, Security Service, 29 August 1968, accessed via UCPI.org.uk UCPI0000030046) F.4 reports on the meeting with 'Senior Superintendent Cunningham and Chief Inspector Dickson [sic]', writing 'We reviewed our joint coverage of London University and various polytechnics'. It goes on to say:
::Briefly, Special Branch have set up a special squad under Dickson, bearded and unwashed males and scruffy female, who are participating in demonstrations where they make contact with students and then hope to turn them and use them as short term informers. They are meeting with some success.
====Signing SDS reports====
Lawrenson and the founder of the SDS DCI Conrad Dixon share a history of working at 'C' Squad. As such Lawrenson reported on groups active in the Anti-Vietnam war movement, even before the SDS was set up. In March 1968, after the first large demonstration against the war in Vietnam in London on the 17th, Lawrenson authored a report on a smaller protest a week later by Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. HG Lawrenson, Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 24 March 1968 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk).
In the run up to the next large anti-Vietnam demonstration on 27 October 1968, Lawrenson's name appears on a number of reports on the activities of the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign submitted by DI Conrad Dixon; signing them as Acting Detective Chief Superintendent in place of (or on behalf of) the regular co-signer, DCS Arthur Cunningham. For example, in early October 1968, he signs a report of Dixon, on behalf of his Chief Superintendent, regarding the decision by CND not to support the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign's demonstration of 27 October and about the internal mood within the VSC.Conrad Dixon, "VSC Autumn Offensive", Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 9 October 1968 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk).See also: Conrad Dixon, Report into the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign's "Autumn Offensive", Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 3 October 1968 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk).and Conrad Dixon, Report into the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign's "Autumn Offensive", Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 22 October 1968 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk).
Six months later, in March 1969, Lawrenson appears in a report on the Committee for Solidarity with Vietnam demonstration on 9 March 1969 signing off for the Chief Superintendent.Detective Inspector (illegible), March 9th Committee for Solidarity with Vietnam, Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 9 March 1969 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk). While a week later, now as Acting Chief Superintendent, he again signs a report on an upcoming Vietnam Solidarity Campaign demonstration.HG Lawrenson, V.S.C. Demonstration, Metropolitan Police Special Branch, 16 March 1969 (accessed via SpecialBranchFiles.uk).
==Economic League==
At the hearings of the Undercover Policing Inquiry in November 2020, one of the former SDS undercover officers mentioned Lawrenson in his witness statement.First Witness Statement of HN336 ('Dick Epps'), Metropolitan Police Service, p25 and 36, 9 May 2019 (published via upci.org.uk, 16 November 2020). Known as HN336 because his real name is restricted in the Inquiry, he used the cover name Dick Epps while he was undercover between 1969 to 1972. (He also appeared as 'Dan' in True Spies, the BBC series first revealing the existence of the SDS in 2002). When asked what he knew of the Special Branch and the Economic League, he said:
::Shortly after I joined the branch, the then Chief Superintendent of C Squad, I think his name was Lawrenson, retired and he joined the staff of the Economic League, and I was aware of that.
Reference to 'the branch' is likely a mistake for the Special Demonstration Squad, which HN336 joined in early 1969, whereas he had joined Special Branch as a police constable in 1964.
A search of the Police and Constabulary Almanacs shows that Bert Lawrenson had left around this date, as he is last recorded as a Metropolitan police officer in 1969, as an Acting Chief Superintendent.Police and Constabulary Almanacs, miscellaneous years, R Hazell & co. (The Special Branch reports from March 1969 quoted above must have been amongst the last he signed.)
Mike Hughes, long-term researcher of the Economic League and the author of Spies at Work assumes that Lawrenson was appointed head of the League's London Regional HQ's research department after he left the police, and stayed in that role until 1980, when the London office was moved to Croydon and the League appointed someone called Derek Knight-Jewell, someone without a security background.Mike Hughes, The Under Cover Police Inquiry (UCPI) Calls Out the Senior Special Branch Officer Running the Economic League’s Secret Registry, Spies at Work blog post 8 Dec 2020 (accessed 3 March 2021) 
===Links to Blacklisting===
Given his role in 'C' Squad, Lawrenson's move to blacklisting organisation the Economic League is concerning. He would have seen numerous intelligence reports on people who were being systematically targeted for their political beliefs and union work. His understanding of Special Branch officers and structures would also provide knowledge and contacts useful for the Economic League.
Operation Herne, the Metropolitan Police’s wider investigation into the undercover policing scandal, which was supposed to be looking into the links between Special Branch and the Economic League, does not mention the fact that Bert Lawrenson worked for the Economic League right after his retirement. The report on their 'Operation Reuben', however, does mention that there's a dedicated liaison officer from the Special Branch Industrial Unit (also known as the Industrial Intelligence Section) with the Economic League.Mick Creedon, Operation Reuben, Operation Herne, Metropolitan Police, 14 February 2016 (accessed March 2021) 
* For more detail see: Dónal O’Driscoll, Operation Reuben Unpicked: police involvement in blacklisting, SpecialBranchFiles.uk June 2019.
As Dave Smith, core participant in the Inquiry and co-author of BlacklistedDave Smith & Phil Chamberlain, Blacklisted: The secret war between big business and union activists, New Internationalist, 2nd Edition, September 2016. pointed out in his openening statement at the hearings in November 2020:
:: Basically, you've got people in the Industrial Unit, Bert Lawrenson used to be their boss, he trained them. He then goes off and works for the Economic League. And you've got someone in the Industrial Unit who's the official liaison officer. 
::There is a relationship there between the Economic League and Special Branch Industrial Unit. That needs to be investigated by this Inquiry.
"Dick Epps", the undercover officer who first mentioned Lawrenson, went on to work at the Industrial Unit covering the engineering industry after his deployment with the SDS ended.Sir John Mitting, In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad ‘Minded to’ note 2, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 14 November 2017.
==Personal details==
He is probably the Herbert Guy Lawrenson, born 12 July 1915, Warrington; died 10 Sept 1995, Ruislip. If he is correctly identified as the person born 1915, he would have been at police retirement age around 1970.As Hughes stated in his blog, Lawrenson isn’t a particularly common name in the UK. In 2000 for example there were just 377 people with that name. (By contrast there were almost a quarter of million Hugheses, nearly 2.5 million Smiths, and mysteriously no one called Mitting).
== In the Undercover Policing Inquiry==
Looking at the timeline of his career and his personal details, it is highly likely that Lawrenson has passed away. No request for anonymity has been made by his relatives, he has no HN number and his name had not yet been mentioned in the proceedings in the Undercover Policing Inquiry. When HN331 mentioned Lawrenson in his witness statement, his name was not redacted; nor was it from the MI5 report on the meeting with Special Branch and the SDS, quoted here.
As a superior in 'C' squad, who arranged contacts with MI5 for the SDS at its invention, signed off SDS reports, who had been responsible for the Industrial Unit, before moving on the Economic League, one would expect the Inquiry to look at Lawrenson's role. Hopefully he will be on the agenda once the Inquiry gets to scrutinise the managers of the SDS for this period, in late 2021. 
Curiously enough, the files disclosed by the Inquiry in November 2020 did not include any Special Branch reports that were written or signed by him (- or they must have been redacted, which would not make sense as his name was available in other documents). 
The Special Branch files quoted in this profile were released to journalist Solomon Hughes, after a Freedom of Information request in 2008; he published two articles about them in the Morning Star.Solomon Hughes, Police so frightened of 68 Anti Vietnam War protests that they mobilised a ‘bomb squad’ Morning Star, 6 June 2008, and Solomon Hughes, Wilson backed weird smears, leaned on Press over 1968 protests, Morning Star, 25 July 2008, (both re-published on Hughes’ blog People’s Plain Dealer, accessed March 2020) Paul Mason saw a similar set of files and wrote about his Newsnight report at the BBC website, detailing for instance how the pop group The Doors were mistaken for political extremists.Paul Mason, 1968: ‘The Doors’ mistaken for political extremists, Newsnight, BBC website, 28 May 2008, (accessed March 2021).
Hughes kindly shared his files with the Special Branch Files project where they have been available for the past five years. Most of these Special Branch files have not been redacted at all and include both names of police officers involved as the activists they spied on, as opposed to the files released by the Inquiry.
The disclosure of the Inquiry does not include any of the files previously released under the Freedom of Information act, or available at the National Archives.
==Press==
The importance of the mention of Lawrenson in the statement of HN336 / 'Dick Epps', was immediately recognised by campaigners and those spied on. Core Participant Dave Smith of the Blacklist Support Group discussed it in his Opening Statement.Dave Smith, Opening Statement, Blacklist Support Group', 17 November 2020 as updated 17 November 2020 (accessed via ucpi.org.uk). 
This in turn lead to stories in for instance the GuardianRob Evans, Police chief who spied on activists went on to work for union blacklist, inquiry told, The Guardian, 17 November 2020 (accessed March 2021). and made the front cover of the print edition of the Morning Star of 18 November 2020.Former cop who spied on trade unionists left the force to join blacklist firm, Morning Star, 18 November 2020 (accessed March 2021).
==Notes==