nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Gail Osten

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__NOTOC__
Gail Osten was director of corporate communications for Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) since 2008, responsible for managing CBOE's media relations efforts. She died on March 19, 2015 from cancer. She was well-liked and appreciated for her broad scope of knowledge about the industry and her direct approach.
== Background ==
Osten had been in the financial services industry in marketing and public relations roles since 1973, when she joined the public relations staff of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). 
Osten was director of market education for CME Group from January 2006 through August 2007, after serving as editor-in-chief and executive editor of Stocks, Futures and Options Magazine (SFO Magazine) from 2002. Her earlier association with CME spanned nearly 17 years (1982-1999), as she rose from manager of media relations to vice president of advertising and marketing services, directing all corporate and product advertising and direct marketing efforts, collateral production, presentational support, management of client databases and event planning.
From 1999 through 2001, she was senior vice president of marketing and public relations for Transwestern Group, the umbrella organization for Transwestern Commercial Services, a national commercial real estate firm with 28 offices, and for Transwestern Investment Company, a privately held commercial property investment firm.
Osten has also done freelance marketing, public relations and writing for publications including the Wall Street Journal, FOW, SFO and others, and was part of the original MarketsWiki team during its formative stages. 
Other associations include director of public relations for MidAmerica Commodity Exchange, consultant for NQLX, and a direct-mail writer and producer for CNA Insurance.
== Education ==
Osten received a Bachelor's degree in Journalism from Northern Illinois University. Professional associations include serving as president of FIA Chicago, an officer of Public Relations Society of America, Agricultural Relations Council, American Association of Agricultural Editors and others. 
== References ==
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Category:Corporate Communication Professionals
Category:Public Relations Professionals
Category:CBOE - Former Employees
Category:MarketsWiki Dev Team Alumni
Category:NQLX - Former Employees
Category:CME Group - Former Employees
Category:CME Group
Category:Former CBOT Staff
Category:Deceased
Category:MarketsWiki Development Team
Gal Landau-Yaari

__NOTOC__ 
Gal Landau-Yaari is the interim CEO of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). 
On October 10, 2016 she announced that she would step down from the position, but at the board's request she withdrew her resignation on October 13. Landau-Yaari took over as interim CEO in June 2016 after the previous CEO, Yossi Beinart, started a leave of absence due to illness. Beinart later said he would resign and the TASE said its board would form a search committee to select a new CEO.
Before being appointed interim CEO, Landau-Yaari was deputy chief executive officer and chief operating officer at TASE, a position she was appointed to in November 2015. 
She joined the TASE management on July 2014 as senior vice president and chief risk officer. She previously served as the head of the risk management unit starting in 2013. 
== Background ==
Before joining TASE, she served in various senior management positions at the First International Bank of Israel group, including director of the global risk management department and director of the group’s planning department. Previously, she was a senior economist in the Banking Supervision Department (The Bank of Israel).
	
== Education ==
Landau-Yaari earned an M.B.A. from the College of Management 1999-2000 and an LL.M in Law from Tel Aviv University 2004-2008.
	
== References ==
Galen Stops

__NOTOC__ 
Galen Stops is a London-based markets editor at Profit and Loss Magazine. He was previously a reporter with FOW, a Euromoney publication.
== Background ==
Before joining Euromoney in January of 2012, Stops was a reporter with VRL Financial News from 2011 to 2012. Prior to that, Stops was an assistant editor of Real World Magazine in London.
== Education ==
Stops holds a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors from The University of Manchester in English literature. 
== References ==	
Category:Journalists
Category:FOW - Former Employees
Category:Euromoney - Former Employees
Category:Profit and Loss Magazine
Gallant Exchange

Gallant is registered in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The platform does not accept customers from the U.S.
In addition to cryptocurrency trading in bitcoin, Ether, Litecoin, Ripple and USDC, the Gallant Exchange is creating two types of "Athlete" coins. One type is issued by the company itself while the other type are coins issued by individual athletes. The platform is designed to facilitate trading in both types of coins. 
== References ==
Category:cryptocurrency trading platform
Category:Cryptocurrency
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Galleon Group

The Galleon Group was once one of the largest hedge funds in the world with around $7 billion in assets under management at its peak in 2007. The fund was known for its profitability in the trading of technology stocks. 
 
== History ==
On Oct. 21, 2009, in an open letter to investors, Galleon Group announced an "orderly wind down of Galleon’s funds while we explore various alternatives for our business."
In November of 2009, prosecutors and the FBI announced that they had filed charges against several people involved with the Galleon Group hedge fund, including founder Raj Rajaratnam. Most notably, the government filed criminal charges related to insider trading in a number of securities going back to 2006.
On May 11, 2011, Rajaratnam was convicted on all 14 counts against him, of securities fraud and conspiracy to commit it, and faced up to 19 1/2 years in prison and tens of millions of dollars in fines. 
== Key People ==
As of May 12, 2011, several key people associated with the Galleon Group insider trading scandal had been convicted, or were awaiting civil penalties, including:
*Raj Rajaratnam, founder
*Rajat Gupta, former senior partner at McKinsey & Co, who had pending civil charges filed against him;
*Danielle Chiesi, a hedge fund trader who pleaded guilty in the case;
*Rajiv Goel, an employee at Intel’s treasury department;
*Anil Kumar, a former senior partner at McKinsey;
*Adam Smith, a former Galleon portfolio manager who pleaded guilty to insider trading; and
*Mark Kurland, former managing director and general partner at New Castle.
== References ==
Category:Hedge Funds
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
GameStop short squeeze

GameStop short squeeze was a significant financial event that occurred in January 2021, involving the stock of GameStop Corp. (GME), a brick-and-mortar video game retailer. The event was characterized by an unprecedented surge in the company's stock price, driven primarily by retail investors coordinating through social media platforms, particularly the Reddit forum r/WallStreetBets.
== Background ==
GameStop had been struggling for years due to competition from digital distribution services and the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many institutional investors had taken substantial short positions against the stock, believing its price would continue to decline. By January 22, 2021, approximately 140% of GameStop's public float had been sold short, meaning some shorted shares had been re-lent and shorted again.
== The Squeeze ==
=== Initial Surge ===
The short squeeze began on January 13, 2021, when GameStop's stock price surged by nearly 50%. This initial push was followed by a period of intense buying pressure, primarily from retail investors coordinating through the r/WallStreetBets subreddit. The stock's price continued to rise dramatically over the next two weeks.
=== Peak and Restrictions ===
On January 28, 2021, GameStop's stock reached its peak, hitting $500 per share in pre-market trading. This astronomical rise forced many short sellers to buy back shares to cover their positions, further driving up the price in a classic short squeeze scenario. However, on the same day, several stockbrokers, including Robinhood, restricted trading of GameStop and other heavily shorted stocks, citing collateral requirements from clearing houses.
=== Aftermath ===
Following the trading restrictions, GameStop's stock price began to decline. By February 2, 2021, the stock had lost more than 80% of its value from its intraday peak. However, the event had significant repercussions for the financial industry, leading to congressional hearings and increased scrutiny of market practices.
== Key Figures ==
=== Keith Gill (Roaring Kitty) ===
Keith Gill, known online as "Roaring Kitty," played a significant role in popularizing GameStop as an investment. Gill had been posting videos about GameStop on YouTube since July 2020, expressing a bullish stance on the company.
=== Ryan Cohen ===
Ryan Cohen, founder of Chewy and a significant GameStop shareholder, was appointed to the company's board in January 2021. His involvement was seen as a positive sign by many retail investors.
== Impact and Legacy ==
The GameStop short squeeze had far-reaching implications for the financial industry. It highlighted the power of social media-driven retail investing, raised questions about market manipulation and the practice of short selling, and led to increased regulatory scrutiny of online trading platforms.
== References ==
Category:Market Events
Category:Stocks
Category:Short Selling
Category:Social Media
Gamma Weighted Average Price

Gamma Weighted Average Price (or "GWAP") is a pricing benchmark for block option order execution, similar to VWAP pricing used in the securities industry.
Used in conjunction with VWAP pricing on the underlying stock or index, GWAP allows for execution of institutionally sized options orders at an understandable, fair price. This benchmark price is calculated based on trading activity over a period of time rather than on market conditions at a particular moment.
VWAP pricing adjusts the underlying benchmark price for different sized orders at different market prices over the pricing period. Similarly, GWAP pricing applies a calculation based on the option's gamma convexity to the order entry price to arrive at the benckmark option price. The resulting benchmark estimates the change in the option premium that would have resulted if the option had traded in volumes proportional to the underlying benchmark.
It should be noted that GWAP pricing does not weight the benchmark option price according to option volumes at various option prices througout the pricing period. This is impractical due to markets factors such as illiquid and inconsisent option trading activity and option spread trading.
== Products ==
GWAP will be used exclusively by CBOE, which in May 2008 signed a deal with 3D Markets, Inc., a block options trading firm that created the GWAP pricing. 
== Formula ==
GWAP is calculated according to the following formula: 
     Gwap for a call option = Θ + [Δ2 * λroc]
 
     Gwap for a put option = Θ - [Δ2 * λroc]
where
     Θ = Order entry price set by the client with a corresponding delta, gamma, and underlying reference price.
     Δ2 = γ * λroc + Δ1 (for calls);    Δ2 = γ * λroc - Δ1 (for puts)
     λroc = vwap - Χ
     vwap = VWAP benchmark for underlying price
     Χ = underlying reference price at order entry
     Δ1 = Delta at order entry point
     γ = Gamma at order entry point
== References ==
== Informational Links ==
www.tradersmagazine.com
Category:Definitions
Gann Theory

Gann Theory is a method of predicting price movements through the relationship of geometric angles in charts that depict time and price. 
The methodology was created by W.D. Gann, a financial astologer and legendary traderwho was born in 1878 and became one of the most successful traders of his time. Gann techniques are based on price study, time study and pattern study and operate under the premise that markets are cyclical.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Gareth Parker

__NOTOC__ 
Gareth Parker is senior director, index research, design and development at FTSE Russell.
He joined Russell Investments in that role in April 2011 to lead the index team for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. 
== Background ==
Parker was previously director of index research and design at Standard & Poor's, starting in June 2008. He also spent many years at FTSE Group, as head of index design, head of business development for equities, and finally as head of alternative investments.
== Education ==
In 1992, Parker received a Master of Arts degree in philosophy, politics and economics from the University of Oxford. 
==MarketsWiki Education Video, October 2015==
Gareth Parker, FTSE Russell – The Boring Bit of the Investment Management World, And Why It’s Not
“Smart Beta is essentially the indexing of interesting ideas. These index guys are turning expensive good techniques into cheap good techniques.”
Picture if you will a time and place where there is no such thing as an index – no Dow Jones Industrial Average, Russell 2000, no FTSE 100. How would you measure relative performance? The answer is, you wouldn’t, and it was not so long ago that we didn’t.
Gareth Parker takes us through a brief history of indexing, what he calls the “boring bit” of the investment world. As the talk progresses, we see that, not only is the evolving world of indexing not boring, it can be lucrative, for both job seekers and investors.
== References ==	
Category:MarketswikiEducation Series - London
Garry N. O'Connor

__NOTOC__ 
Garry N. O’Connor is CEO of International Derivatives Clearing Group, LLC (IDCG). He was appointed to the position on Jan. 6, 2010. He succeeded Chris Edmonds. 
He is also President of the NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange.
== Background ==
O’Connor previously served as chief product officer for IDCG. In 2009, he gave testimony before the Committee On Agriculture Of The United States House Of Representatives in that role. He was previously a director with Merrill Lynch. During his time at Merrill Lynch, O'Connor led the Australasian interest rate derivatives trading operation in Sydney and the interest rate swaps trading desk in Tokyo. O'Connor also helped establish Merrill Lynch's Asian U.S. Dollar interest rate trading business and its North American presence in the European derivatives markets. 
Before his time at Merrill Lynch, O'Connor served as a vice president with Bankers Trust Australia. While there, he managed interest rate, foreign exchange, and commodities risk in both Sydney and Auckland.
He has been in the investment banking industry for 17 years.
== Education ==
O'Connor attended the University of Otago from 1988 to 1992 and received a BCom (Hons), Finance.
== Resources ==
* Garry O'Connor LinkedIn Page
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:IDCG
Gary Anderson

__NOTOC__ 
The late Gary Anderson was a financial industry executive who was most recently the chief executive officer of the Dubai Gold and Commodities Exchange (DGCX). He stepped down from that office in October of 2014 due to ill health. He died on November 13, 2014 after fighting cancer. He was replaced by Gaurang Desai, who took the title of Interim CEO.
Anderson was appointed CEO of DGCX in April 2012, replacing Stephen Gaterell, who was appointed in November 2011.
== Background ==
Before joining DGCX, Anderson was a founding partner at Triniti Financial Group. 
From 1997 to 2004, he served as the chief operating officer of Deutsche Bank’s Global Exchange Services (GES) business. From 1986 to 1997, he was an executive director for Goldman Sachs International, where he managed trading activities on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE) floor. Anderson has also been a member of the boards of LIFFE, the Futures and Options Association and the London Clearing House. 
He began his career in 1981 as a floor trader on various exchanges with Drexel Burnham Lambert.
== References ==	
Category:Dubai Gold & Commodity Exchange
Category:DGCX
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Gary Barnett

__NOTOC__ 
Gary Barnett is a deputy director of the Division of Trading and Markets at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 
Starting in January 2015, he oversaw the division's Office of Broker-Dealer Finances, Office of Derivatives Policy, Office of Trading Practicies, and its Volcker rule team, along with its participation in various global regulatory initiatives. In addition, he has been a member of the agency’s Cybersecurity Working Group and its Fintech Working Group and has been its senior most representative on multiagency groups including the Senior Supervisors Group and the Supervisors Roundtable on Governance Effectiveness. 
He also significantly contributed to the agency’s work on broker-dealer cybersecurity and fintech, including blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence. 
The SEC on December 15, 2017 announced that Barnett would retire from the agency at the end of the year.
He was previously the director of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (CFTC) division of swap dealer and intermediary oversight, the department responsible for registration and compliance of exchanges and self-regulatory organizations, as well as business conduct standards, capital adequacy, and margin requirements for swap dealers and major swap participants. He was appointed to the position on Aug. 22, 2011. The division was created as part of the CFTC's additional duties related to the Dodd-Frank Act, which will require the agency to monitor the previously-unregulated swaps market. 
Barnett left the CFTC in December of 2014 to join the SEC. 
==Background==
Before joining the CFTC, Barnett was a law partner in the New York office at Linklaters LLP, where he headed the U.S. derivatives and structured finance group. In this role, he led the development and implementation of clearing systems for the derivatives market and regulatory reforms affecting the derivatives and securitization markets. Before joining Linklaters, he was co-head of the securitization and derivatives practice at Shearman & Sterling LLP. Barnett's previous experience included partnerships at law firms O'Melveny & Myers and Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft.
Barnett is an adjunct professor of law at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Additionally, he serves as co-chair of the Practising Law Institute's annual conferences on fundamental and advanced swaps. Prior to joining the CFTC, he chaired the annual PLI conference on new developments in securitization for more than 15 years.
Barnett is a member of the New York, California and Oklahoma bar associations.
==Education==
*New York University School of Law, LL.M, 1986
*University of Tulsa College of Law, J.D., 1981
*University of Tulsa, Bachelor of Science in Philosophy, 1978
==MarketsWiki Education==
Barnett participated in the MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity series in New York in July of 2017.
==References==	
Category:CFTC
Category:CFTC - Former Employees
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Lawyers
Category:MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity Speaker
Gary D. Cohn

__NOTOC__ 
Gary Cohn is the former director of the National Economic Council under President Donald Trump. He resigned from the post on March 6, 2018. 
He previously served as president and chief operating officer of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., was a member of the management committee and board of directors and was chairman of the firmwide client and business standards committee. 
Cohn, a registered Democrat, has been a long-time proponent of free trade and was known to have argued frequently with Trump over his “America First” approach to trade. At one point, he was part of a more moderate coalition of staff members of the Trump administration who pushed to preserve workplace rights for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people. He also pushed Trump to remain in the Paris climate accord, a fight he ultimately lost.
He is also credited with shepherding the Trump administration's tax overhaul through Congress. 
== Background ==
Cohn's grandfather was a Polish immigrant who moved to the US on his own at the age of 13 with $8 in his pocket. He worked as an apprentice electrician, and later ended up opening his own business, for which Cohn worked as a youngster. Cohn grew up in Cleveland in the 1960s in a middle-class family. His first job in the world of finance was as a runner on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. 
Before joining Goldman Sachs, he was a director of the London Metal Exchange and a member of the board of directors and the executive committee of the New York Mercantile Exchange and the Commodity Exchange.
Goldman Sachs recruited him in 1990, and he made partner in 1994.
During his 26-year career at Goldman, Cohn held a number of leadership positions in the firm’s securities division in New York and in London. Before becoming CEO, he served as the co-chief operating officer of Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities (FICC) after having been responsible for commodities and a number of other FICC business from 1996 through 2002. He was the co-head of the global securities businesses from December 2003 to June 2006.
Cohn also serves as trustee of the NYU Langone Medical Center, the Harlem Children’s Zone in New York City and American University in Washington, DC. as well as chairman of the advisory board of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases in New York City.
== Education ==
Cohn graduated from American University.
== References ==
Gary Delany

Gary Delany is the director of European marketing and education for The Options Industry Council (OIC). He develops options marketing and educational material for the European audience and is the key point of OIC’s outreach in Europe. He is based in London.
He is also vice chairman of the International Commodities and Derivatives Association (ICDA).
== Background ==
Delany has 30 years of experience in the derivatives sector and is a regular speaker, presenter and writer on options and exchange developments. He started his financial career managing the option book at a firm of commodity brokers. Previously he served as Global Marketing Manager at Rolfe & Nolan, a supplier of futures and options software to banks and brokers, where he was in charge of global marketing initiatives. Before that he worked for The Philadelphia Stock Exchange in their European office in several capacities developing order flow for foreign exchange, equity and equity index options programs. He also acted as a consultant to LCH.Clearnet.
== Education ==
Gary holds a B.Sc. in Business Administration from the University of Bath in the UK.
== John Lothian News Interview ==
JLN Options editor Sarah Rudolph sat down with Gary Delany, Director of European Marketing and Education for the Options Industry Council (OIC), to discuss some of the findings of the study, “European Demand for U.S. Listed Equity Options,” including identifying the biggest users of US options and the barriers to trading. The OIC commissioned study conducted by the TABB Group found strong European demand for US listed options. The study included interviews with 29 participants from a cross section of US and European firms active in the US listed options industry, including broker-dealers, market makers, data providers, hedge funds, and traditional asset managers.
== References ==
Category:Options Industry Council