nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Henry Morris

Henry M. Morris (October 6, 1918 – February 25, 2006) was the original modern young-Earth creationist. His 1961 book The Genesis Flood, co-written with John C. Whitcomb, served as the seminal text for the budding creationist movement.The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications by John C. Whitcomb Jr. & Henry M. Morris (1961) Presbyterian & Pub. Co. ISBN 0825433266. He coined the term "scientific creationism". The book was largely a restatement of George McCready Price's book The New Geology (1923).The New Geology: A Textbook for Colleges, Normal Schools, and Training Schools; and for the General Reader by George McCready Price (1923). Pacific Press Publishing Association.
Morris trained as an engineer,https://archive.ph/GgBPV receiving a B.S. in civil engineering from Rice University in 1939 and a Ph.D. in hydraulic engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1950.https://archive.ph/trWDf
Morris's spiritual heirs have had the edge worn off their works by exposure to the real world. Morris' works are vastly more unashamedly batshit insane than the typical run of 21st-century creationism.
==Creationism==
Morris founded such pseudoscientific organizations as the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research. These institutions suffered major infighting as their various founders duked it out over disputes in theology, rather than just agree to disagree as most proper scientists would have done.
He was also one of the first to attempt modifications to the philosophy of science so as to characterize science as a complete worldview, or religion, which is of course a colossal straw man (see our article on secular religions).
==Racism==
Morris may have been a believer in the old racist myth of the Curse of Ham, holding that those people who were not Semitic or "Japhetic" (white European) were Hamitic, and "possessed of a genetic character concerned mainly with mundane matters, they have eventually been displaced by the intellectual and philosophical acumen of the Japhethites and the religious zeal of the Semites."Talk.Origins: Is the ICR's Henry Morris racist?, by Richard Trott.
However, by 2002 Morris had apparently adopted the standard "racism comes from evolution" line,Looking Back & Pressing Forward - Dr. Henry Morris - Part 1 showing that he certainly didn't think of himself as racist at this point. Psychological projection might also be at work, though.
==See also==
*Flood geology
*Scientific Creationism (the book)
==External links==
*Who's who in Creation/Evolution: Henry M. Morris
*The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition, by 
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Christian apologists
Category:Engineer woo
Category:Institute for Creation Research
Category:Racists
Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a spectrum of diseases with various causes involved, the most common being infection by several strains of hepatitis virus and alcoholism. The nature of some of the viruses having almost no cure (if any) results in the disease being a buzzword for various woosters to push their wootrition and snake oil.
==What it does, how it spreads==
The underlying causes of hepatitis causes damage to liver cells as in necrosis. The liver possessing some amount of regenerative capacity allows it to recover after some amount of repeated damages but eventually the complete regeneration capacity gets overused and Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water. Hepatitis B is mainly sexually transmitted, but may also be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth. Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C are commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during needle sharing by intravenous drug users. Hepatitis D can only infect people already infected with hepatitis B. Alcoholic hepatitis spreads via forbidden Jesus waters turned red. As of this writing, only hepatitis A and B are preventable via vaccination,Do I Need the Hepatitis A and B Vaccines? by Neha Pathak (July 12, 2017) WebMD. a massive pain for the antivaxxers who want vaccines gone. Both hepatitis B and C cause cancer in humans.Hepatitis Viruses Volume 59 IARC Monograph Series (1994) International Agency for Research on Cancer.
==Wootrition==
The nature of Hepatitis being almost incurable turns most patients into terminal desperate crazies looking for a cure, which is where every wootritionists and doctor woos (not to be confused with ) jump in with their liver cleanses, hepatoprotective agents, herbal cures that Big Pharma suppresses and so on. None of the cures work.
==References==
category:Biology
Category:Disease
Category:Medicine
Category:Human carcinogens
Category:Viruses
Herb Titus

Herb Titus was an American attorney, writer, and politician. He was a strong supporter of the Christian Reconstructionism movement and often falsely portrayed himself as an American historian, misleading the public with pseudohistory.
He was the author of a book entitled God, Man and Law: The Biblical Principles.[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007031641/https://www.spirit-filled.org/titus.html
==Education and degrees==
Titus held a law degree from Harvard University and a B.S. degree in Political Science from the University of Oregon, from which he graduated Phi Beta Kappa.
==Vice-Presidential candidate==
Titus ran as Vice-President of the United States in the 1996 U.S. presidential election on the Constitution Party ticket.
==Religious beliefs==
In 1975, Titus was dramatically converted to Christ on the last weekend of July. In 1976-77, he studied with Dr. Francis Schaeffer at L'Abri in Switzerland. In 1979, he left his tenured position as professor of law at the University of Oregon, becoming a member of the charter faculty of a Christian law school at Oral Roberts University.
==Political agendas==
Along with Roy Moore, Titus was an original drafter of the Constitution Restoration Act.Judge Roy Moore Introduces Constitution Restoration Act 2004 WAFF News, February 13, 2004 This Act sought to take out of federal court jurisdiction cases that involved public officials who acknowledged God as the sovereign source of law, liberty, or government and provided for the impeachment of federal judges who disregarded the act. The act did not pass either time it was introduced.
==See also==
*Christian Reconstructionism
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Authors
Category:Christian apologists
Category:Fundamentalists
Category:Pseudohistory
Category:Living people
Herbalife

Herbalife is a company with a multilevel marketing (MLM) business model known for selling skin care products, snack foods, and diet woo. 
In 1986, the company settled a case that called into question the medical claims of some of their products and their pyramid scheme-style business model.Herbalife Agrees to Pay $850,000 Penalty, MLM Watch Nobel Prize-winning scientist Louis J. Ignarro was noted for creating their Niteworks® product (a mix of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, folic acid, lemon balm extract, α-lipoic acid, L-taurine, and L-arginine and L-citrulline), which claimed to be able to increase the functioning efficiency of all the body's major organs. Ignarro's promotion of the product caused a flap when his undisclosed ties to Herbalife were revealed after he co-authored a paper hawking the product in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Science in 2004.Nobel Prize Winner Didn't Disclose Herbalife Contract, Bloomberg NewsThe Dubious Promotion of Herbalife's Niteworks, MLM Watch
In February 2016, Herbalife agreed to pay a $200 million fine and change its business practices as a result of a legal settlement with the Federal Trade Commission.Herbalife agrees to pay $200-million settlement and change its business practices by Jim Puzzanghera and Melody Petersen (July 15, 2016). Los Angeles Times. The settlement required that Herbalife track retail sales in the US (which it had previously not done) and require that at least two-thirds of the rewards be based on retail sales. The settlement did not resolve the accusation by billionaire investor William Ackman that Herbalife has operated as an illegal pyramid scheme.
==See also==
*Nobel disease
*Nutritional supplement
*Purity Products
*Vitamin supplement
==External links==
*Herbalife homepage, start your long journey up the pyramid scheme here.
==References==
Category:Diet woo
Category:Multilevel marketing
Category:Pseudoscience promoting organizations
Category:Scams
Herd mentality

:Someone: "Moo."
:Someone else: "Moo."
:Media: "Moo."
:More people: "Moo."
:A lot more people: "Moo."
The herd mentality, also known as mob mentality, is an evolutionary adaptation in primates that involves copying what other members of one's tribe, clan, village, etc. are doing, presumably for the sake of social cohesion. Due to modern telecommunications, the effect can be planet-wide, although usually it is confined within individual cultures. It is synonymous with Meme Theory.
What the basic principle means is that many people do not think for themselves about various issues, but follow what they perceive as the "herd".
This principle is commonly used by business advertisers, giving the impression that their product or service is used by many and thus influencing consumers to follow the "herd". 
The greatest example of this, however, is religion. People go along with what people around them think, particularly their parents and family, and are so convinced they are right, without ever thinking for themselves. There are numerous different beliefs, all of which have believers believing they are right, even though someone else who believes something different that contradicts their belief is just as confident about their beliefs.
==See also==
*Groupthink
*Goat
*Meme
*Sheeple
*Herd immunity
==External links==
*The Herd Mentality Podcast 
==References==
Category:Psychology
Category:Evolution
Here be Dragons

Here be Dragons is a documentary hosted by Brian Dunning that exposes pseudoscience and encourages critical thinking. The title was chosen since it was a phrase used on old maps and globes to denote that dragons were in unexplored places. Brian argues that people still believe in claims as ridiculous as dragons.
Because the film is intended for a large audience, it doesn't go into religious topics like creationism, but the message of promoting rationality is still there.
==The actual movie==
Brian Dunning has made the full movie available on YouTube:
==Red flags==
Red flags are qualities of pseudosciences that indicate that they are bollocks.
Many of them already have articles on this wiki.
Some red flags not referenced in this video are shady announcements (e.g., scientific journal vs. press conference); claims not fitting into reality; trying to give new information; attacking existing, validated ideas; inability to test the claim; being too good to be true; and/or if the spelling and grammar are bad.
===Appeal to authority===
Appeal to authority is using authority figures to endorse their products, which include celebrities, institutions, guys in white lab coats, or people with PhD's but not in the right field.
===Ancient wisdom===
Ancient wisdom is using, as products, medicines and other items that people from ancient civilizations used. The problem with this is that the ancients knew much less than we do now, and what they used was probably inferior.
===Confirmation bias===
Confirmation bias is when people remember things that confirm what they believe or want to believe, but forget things that contradict or pose a problem for the belief. This is fairly common in fortune telling and very common with psychics.
===Correlation equals causation===
Or more generally, Post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
===Red herrings===
Red herrings are distractions from the real question posed by critics used to get away from the legitimate problem with the pseudoscience.
===Proof by verbosity===
Proof by verbosity is the use of red herrings; and a lot of it. It is laying claims on everything using big words that may or may not be true, but obfuscate the listener.
==="Mystical energy"===
See the subtopic on Pseudo-scientific use of the term energy.
===Suppression by authorities/conspiracy theory===
==="All natural"===
"All natural" is the idea that foods with the label all natural are healthier. This is not true, and the standards for being all natural are so low that the label is virtually meaningless, not to mention that many things found in nature are deadly.
===Ideological Support===
==Why people believe weird things==
#The unexplained is cool
#Simple answers are seductive
#Inquisitive nature of people
#People lack the tools for complicated responses
#Critical thinking isn't much encouraged by society or our educational system
#Pop culture
Category:Films
Category:Pseudoscience
Heritability

Heritability is a statistic that describes the percent of variance (i.e. variation) in a given trait, in a given population, in a given place and time, that is accounted for by genetic variation within that population. It was originally supposed to be used in studies of plant and animal breeding in agriculture, so it is much more useful in such settings than when used to describe human traits. This is because agricultural organisms and their environments can be carefully controlled and manipulated, whereas human genetic breeding experiments and control of environmental factors are impossible (for both ethical and logistical reasons).Evolution in Four Dimensions, Eva Jablonka & Marion J. Lamb, 2005, A Bradford Book, p. 357Heritability: uses and abuses, Genetica, Oscar Kempthorne, 1997, 99(2-3), pp. 109-112 Therefore, any estimate of the "heritability" of any human trait (e.g. IQ) needs to be taken with more than a few grains of salt because of this problem alone. But the term becomes more meaningless still when one considers that, whether the organism under study is human or not, "heritability" says nothing about genetic determination of a trait at the individual level,How Heritability Misleads About Race, Ned Block, The Boston Review, January 6, 1996 nor does it apply to any other population in any other environment.What is Heritability?, Genetics Home Reference, NIH
For example, 70 years ago, most people who would have worn ear-rings would have been women, and most people who didn't would have been men. Hence the variation in who wore ear-rings is very largely explained by the variation in who was a woman or not. This means "wearing ear-rings" would be a highly heritable trait with respect to being a woman. Yet it's blatantly obvious that there's no direct genetic cause for wearing ear-rings, and in fact, it's caused by societal pressures.
==See also==
*The Bell Curve
*Cognitive differences between sexes
==External links==
*The heritability fallacy, Moore & Shenk, 2016, WIREs Cogn Sci
==References==
Category:Genetics
Category:Statistics
Hermann Ebbinghaus

Hermann Ebbinghaus was a German psychologist who was the godfather of the study of memory in psychology. He was one of the earliest psychologists to adhere strictly to the scientific method. Ebbinghaus's work is important not only for being foundational in memory research, but also for helping to differentiate psychology as a discipline separate from philosophy and establishing early experimental techniques. He opened two psychology labs in Germany, founded an academic journal, and wrote a number of elementary psychology textbooks. Some of his important concepts:
*Use of nonsense syllables. In his memory exercises, Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables like "MUR" or "DIT" to avoid contaminating experiments by using words with prior associations.
*Learning and forgetting curves. Ebbinghaus discovered that both learning and forgetting follow exponential functions where the law of diminishing returns applies. Recall improves much faster the first few times something is rehearsed and the memory of items fades fastest right after their rehearsal but continue to fade slower over time.
*Savings effect. Ebbinghaus found that items he had forgotten could be relearned faster than brand new items. Thus, memory could somehow be "saved" in the unconscious.
*Serial position effect. This describes how items in a list are remembered. The serial position curve is a u-shaped curve where percent recalled is plotted against the item's position in a list. The left end of the u-shape is higher than the right end. This discrepancy is called the primacy and recency effects. The primacy effect refers to the fact that the earliest items will be recalled the most accurately. The recency effect refers to the fact that the latest items on the list will be recalled the second most accurately. Items in-between follow a parabolic curve. The phonological loop in modern working memory models is based on the serial position effect.
*Differentiating between voluntary and involuntary memory. These definitions are fairly self-evident. Voluntary memory is simply trying to remember something, while involuntary memory is remembering something without trying.
*Persevering in the face of monumental tedium. Ebbinghaus only used himself as a subject. One of his reasons for doing so was that he thought his experiments were too tedious to subject other people to. Some of his exercises included thousands of items and rehearsals.
Ebbinghaus' work was later replicated by many psychologists and these concepts are still basic to research in memory today. He also created one of the first cognitive illusions, the Ebbinghaus Illusion pictured at left.
==See also==
*Confabulation
==External links==
*The Life and Contributions of Hermann Ebbinghaus
*Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology by Hermann Ebbinghaus.
Category:Christians
Category:Psychologists
Heroic medicine

Heroic medicine was the pre-scientific precursor to modern medicine.
In the 18th century, medical opinion had it that the body was governed by the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) and that ill health was the result of miasms which disturbed the balance of these humours. Balance was restored by means such as purging, sweating and bloodletting — dramatic interventions which caused Immanuel Kant to describe such methods as "the quickest way of ending a conflict; but […] also (in medical terms) a heroic means — one that endangers life". As well as being dramatic, these interventions also tended to be at least as likely to kill you as the disease itself.
Although the humours were disproved by anatomist Dr. William Harvey in 1628,Misunderstood Genius in Human Anatomy: A new video from the World Science Festival tells the story of this medical pioneer (December 19, 2014) Smithsonian. it was widely used until the middle of the 19th century and is credited with partial responsibility for the death of George Washington.The Death of George Washington George Washington's Mount Vernon
Humorism (and the associated cupping, bloodletting, and leeching) are still present in alternative medicine in the Unani and Hildegard systems of "medicine".
==See also==
*Alchemy
*Bloodletting
*Fun:Humeur
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Alternative medicine
Herophilos

Herophilos was an ancient Greek physician and perhaps the first true anatomist in world history.Wiltse, L. L., & Pait, T. G. (1998). Herophilus of Alexandria (325-255 BC): The father of anatomy. Spine, 23(17), 1904-1914. Some of his key findings include identification of the ovum, Skene's gland, components of the eye (cornea, iris), the prostate gland and duodenum. As a member of the well-known scholastic community in the newly founded city of Alexandria during the single, brief period in Greek medical history when the ban on human dissection was temporarily lifted, Herophilus studied the ventricles (cavities) of the brain, the organ he regarded as the centre of the nervous system, traced the sinuses of the dura mater (the tough membrane covering the brain) to their junction, known as the torcular Herophili; and classified the nerve trunks —distinguishing them from tendons and blood vessels — as motor or sensory. 
He rendered careful accounts of the eye, liver, salivary glands, pancreas, and genital organs of both sexes.Bay, N. S. Y., & Bay, B. H. (2010). Greek anatomist herophilus: the father of anatomy. Anatomy & cell biology, 43(4), 280-283. A student of Hippocrates’s doctrine of medicine, which was based on balancing the four humours (body fluids) — blood, phlegm, yellow bile (choler), and black bile (melancholy) — Herophilus emphasized the curative powers of drugs, dietetics, and gymnastics. He was first to measure the pulse, for which he used a water clock. He made major discoveries regarding the cardiovascular system, such as differentiating between veins and arteries, associating the relationship between the pulse and heart, and that arteries carry blood and not air. Other organ systems that he studied in great detail include the digestive tract and nervous system.Reveron, Rafael Romero. "Herophilos, the great anatomist of antiquity" (2015) He is also said to have performed live dissections on prisoners, although this claim is controversial and not universally accepted.Ghoneim, Lamia."Herophilus and Erasistratus: The Butchers of Alexandria". November 5, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
Herophilus wrote at least nine works, including a commentary on Hippocrates, a book for midwives, and treatises on anatomy and the causes of sudden death, all lost in the destruction of the library of Alexandria (272 CE).Herophilus. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March, 2020. Some of it survived through the numerous quotations of his work left by Galen. 
==Further reading==
*Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria (1988)
==See also==
*Galen
*Biology
*Brain
==References==
Herstory

"Herstory" is a neologism "women's history," a variant of the Marxist "people's history"; while a people's history professes to reinterpret history from the perspective of workers and/or common men, a herstory professes to reinterpret it from the perspective of women. Most feminists don't use it.
==Etymology==
The term is an illustration of its coiners' belief that regular history is heavily slanted toward men's point of view, a "systemic bias" reflected in the term history, which they seem to have simply assumed was a portmanteau of "his story". It is not.
It so happens that the English word history is a loan word, derived directly from the Latin historia, which is itself a loan word from ancient Greek.History After all, all Latin-based languages are spelled similarly (and the word itself is feminine!) yet the masculine possessive pronouns are not "his" in those languages. On the other hand, the English word his is derived from a proto-Germanic root,his and is not in the least etymologically connected to the first three letters of history. They just happen to sound the same, and only in English. The origin of this term is a testament to the intellectual laziness and self-centered worldview of extremists in any field, who are quick to grab hold of anything that seems to support their point of view but reluctant to examine it critically.
==Well-known herstorians==
*Robin Morgan, who coined the term.
==Herstorians primarily known for herstorical work rather than political activities==
==See also==
*Political correctness
*Fun:Portmanteau
==References==
Category:Gender
Category:History
Category:Neologisms