nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Ceresin wax

== Description ==
A white or slightly yellowish mineral wax prepared from purified and decolorized ozocerite. Ceresin is refined by treating powdered ozocerite with concentrated sulfuric acid then filtering through animal charcoal. The resultant wax is similar to paraffin, but is harder and has a higher melting point. Ceresin is composed of a wide range of long chain saturated hydrocarbons ranging from C20 to C32. Ceresin is used for candles, textile and paper sizing, floor polish, waterproofing, shoe polishes, and leather coating.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cérésine (Fr.); ceresina (Esp., It.); purified ozocerite; earth wax; mineral wax; cerosin; ceresine
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Ceresin Wax.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, naphtha. Insoluble in water. Unaffected by acids or alkalis.
Melting Point	61-78 C
Density 	0.91-.92 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 568
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2033; mp=61-78 C
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: mp=65-80 C
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozokerite (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cerex

== Description ==
[CEREX Advanced Fabrics, Pensacola Florida] A registered trademark for a series of spunbond nylon fabrics. Cerex® fabrics are made by heat-bonding continuous filaments of nylon 6,6. The thin, smooth, flat, nonwoven fabrics are available in several weights. They have high tensile strength, excellent tear resistance and are unaffected by most solvents, alkalis, and dilute acids. Cerex® fabrics have been commercially available since 1968. Arenstein,et.al. 2019
== Applications ==
* Cushioning
== Personal Risks ==
Cerex® [SDS Sheet]
== Collection Risks ==
May accumulate a static charge.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Cerex® has high tensile strength, high thermal stability and resistance to most chemicals and solvents.
* Melting Point = about 260 C
== Forms/Sizes ==
Rolls widths are available up to 120 inches. Fabric weights range from 10 to 68 grams per square yard.
==Resources and Citations==
* CEREX Advanced Fabrics Website
* Rachael Perkins Arenstein, Lisa Goldberg, and Eugenie Milroy, ‘Support and Rehousing for Collection Storage’ In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 
* Personal communication, Marie Svobada, MFA
* US Trademark Office - http://www.uspto.gov/ Date of first use = 1968.
* Preserv'Art at http://preservart.ccq.mcc.gouv.qc.ca/ProduitFiche.aspx?NoProduit=P0025
Category:Materials database
Ceric oxide

== Description ==
A whitish or pale yellow powder used as an abrasive, catalyst and as an ingredient in glass and glazes. As a commercial abrasive, ceric oxide is a brown color due to impurities. It is used to polish gemstones and glass, especially optical surfaces and automobile windshields. Ceric oxide is added to soda-lime mixtures as a decolorizer and to ceramics to increase opacity.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ceria; cerium oxide; cerium dioxide; Ceriorouge; optician's rouge
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. 
* Inhalation and contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in sulfuric acid. Insoluble in water and dilute acid.
Composition 	CeO2
CAS 	1306-38-3
Melting Point 	2600 C
Density 	6.1 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 172.1188
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 177
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2035
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* MSDS Sheet Comment: Fisher Scientific: density = 6.1
Category:Materials database
Cerium

== Description ==
A rare earth element. Cerium has an abundance in the earth's crust of 46 ppm. It is found in the minerals cerite, bastnasite, and monazite. It was discovered in 1803 by Baron Berzelius, a Swedish chemist. Cerium is a gray ductile metal that is very reactive. It is used in metal alloys to increase creep resistance, and add strength. It also serves as a getter to remove traces of oxygen. Ceric oxide is used as an abrasive, catalyst, and as an ingredient in glass and glazes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ce
== Risks ==
* Powder may ignite spontaneously. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Attacked by mineral acids and alkalis. Oxidizes in moist air.
Composition 	Ce (atomic no. 58)
CAS 	7440-45-1
Melting Point 	798 C
Density 	6.770 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt. = 140.115
Boiling Point 	3433 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2037
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ceruse

== Description ==
A name that currently refers to lead white (basic lead carbonate) pigment. In the 1700s, ceruse was used for any white pigment made from tin or lead plates. Later, in the 1800s, the name ceruse was used for white pigments that contained lead and chalk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cerusa (Esp., Port.); albayalde (Esp.); carbonato de plomo (Esp.); céruse (Fr.); cerussa (It.); alvaiade (Port.); branco de chumbo (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Cerussite

== Description ==
A grayish-white, crystalline mineral composed of lead carbonate. Cerussite, first described by K. Gesner in 1565, is one of the primary types of lead ore. It is mined in Spain (Murcia), England (Cornwall), Saxony (Johanngerogenstadt), Namibia (Tsumeb), Australia (New South Wales), Canada (British Columbia) and the U.S.(Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Idaho, Pennsylvania). Cerussite can be formed by the action of ground water on galena (lead sulfide) ore. Although basic lead carbonate has been used as a white pigment since ancient times, it was made synthetically and not obtained from the naturally occurring cerussite ore. In fact, cerussite has rarely been used as a white pigment although it is occasionally found as an impurity in basic lead carbonate (Gettens, Kuhn and Chase, 1993).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
normal lead carbonate; natural lead carbonate; horn silver; Cerussit (Deut.); Weißbleierz (Deut.); cérusite (Fr.); cerusita (Esp.); albayalde (Esp.); carbonato de plomo (Esp.); cerussite (It.); cerusite (Port.); cerussiet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Cerussite PMA.TIF~FTIR (PMA)|Cerussiteitaly1.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic. Carcinogen, teratogen, suspected mutagen
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Orthorhombic crystal system with tabular, prismatic or pyramidal crystals. 
* Brittle with conchoidal fracture. 
* Yellowish to golden fluorescence. 
* Can be transparent to translucent. 
* Luster = adamantine to silky. 
* Streak = white. 
* Effervescent in acids. 
* Ground particle are transparent under plane polarized light. 
* High birefringence under cross polars with fourth order interference colors. Extinction is complete
Composition 	PbCO3
Mohs Hardness 	3.0 - 3.5
Density 	6.55 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.803; 2.074; 2.076
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J.Gettens, H. Kuhn, and W.T. Chase, "Lead White", Artists Pigments, Volume 2, A. Roy (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1993.
* Mineralogy Database: Cerussite
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004 Comment: Vol 2, page 301
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: cerussite" [Accessed December 4, 2001].
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 Comment: source for physical parameters
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerussite (Accessed Sept 2 2005, Mons=3-3.75, spec. grav=6.5)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cesium

== Description ==
An element in the alkali metal group. Cesium has an abundance of 1 ppm in the earth's crust. It occurs in the minerals pollucite and lepidolite. Cesium was discovered in 1860 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. It is a soft, silvery white metal that tarnishes on contact with air and can ignite spontaneously in moist air. Cesium is used as a catalyst for polymers and as a radioactive emitter in atomic clocks. It is also used in photoelectric sensors for security devices and cameras.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cs; caesium (IUPAC); cesium (US,. Ned., Sven.); césium (Fr.); Cäsium (Deut.); cesio (It., Esp.); Césio (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Metallic cesium can ignite spontaneously in moist air. 
* Dangerous fire and explosion risk. 
* Reacts violently with oxidizing materials. 
* Burns skin. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Flame color is blue to purple. 
* Violently decomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen. 
* Soluble in liquid ammonia.
Composition 	Cs (atomic no. 55)
CAS 	7440-46-2
Mohs Hardness 	0.2
Melting Point 	28.5 C
Density 	1.873 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt. =132.9054
Boiling Point 	705 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Web Elements: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 180
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2051
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cetalkonium chloride

== Description ==
An odorless antiseptic compound widely used as a disinfectant in detergents. Cetol is active at low concentrations and has been used to kill bacteria, fungi, algae, and lichens. It does not kill spores. The compounds effectiveness is reduced in solutions containing hard water, salts, or organic compounds.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride; N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylbenzenemethanaminium chloride; Cetol; quaternary ammonium compounds
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cetalkonium chloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause skin irritation. 
* An overdose may cause shortness of breath, cyanosis, CNS depression, low blood pressure, coma. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in sorbitol solutions, glycerol, ether
Composition 	C25H46ClN.H2O
CAS 	122-18-9
Melting Point 	59 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 395.78
==Resources and Citations==
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
* e-DOC at http://www.edoc.co.za/medilink/actives/194.html
Category:Materials database
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

== Description ==
A quaternary ammonium salt. Cetytrimethylammonium bromide, or cetrimonium bromide, is used as a cationic detergent, surfactant, and bactericide. It has been added to glue-paste formulations as a nontoxic alternative to phenol (Ackroyd 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB; hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; cetrimonium bromide; Cetab; Centimide
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Harmful if swallowed. 
* Contact causes severe irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, ethanol, chloroform. Insoluble in ether, benzene, acetone.
Composition 	C16H33(CH3)3NBr
CAS 	57-09-0
Melting Point 	237-243 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 364.45
==Resources and Citations==
* P.Ackroyd "Glue-Paste Lining of Paintings: An Evaluation of Some Additive Materials" ICOM Edinburgh 1996 p.231-238
Category:Materials database
Ceylon graphite

== Description ==
A silvery black graphite obtained from Sri Lanka. In order to reduce its metallic luster, Ceylon graphite was prepared for use as a black pigment by forming a paste with lampblack, vinegar, and turpentine (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
grafite di Ceylon (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Chain mail

== Description ==
A flexible metal fabric made with joined metal links or rings. Chain mail was used as protective body armor since Roman times.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
chainmail; iron mail; mail; Kettenhemd (Deut.); Panzerhemd (Deut.); maliënkolder (Ned.)
== Additional Images ==
File:38.1334_mail glove_det.jpg|Chain mail
File:38.1334_mail glove_det3.jpg|Chain mail
==Resources and Citations==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "chain mail." Accessed 26 Sept. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Chalcanthite

== Description ==
A rare, azure blue mineral composed of hydrous copper sulfate. Chalcanthite is found as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper sulfide ore deposits in Chile and the U.S.(Nevada, Tennessee, Utah). It can be transparent to translucent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper sulfate pentahydrate; blue vitriol; blue stone; bluestone; copper vitriol; calcantita (Esp.) 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Chalcanthite, PMAI0528, -R6153-1.TIF~FTIR (PMA)|Chalcanthite Infrared R050354 RRUFF.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)|Chalcanthite Raman R050354 RRUFF.png~Raman (RRUFF)|chalcanthiteRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)]]]
== Risks ==
* Ingestion is toxic.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Triclinic, short prismatic crystals. 
* Fracture = conchoidal. 
* Luster = vitreous. 
* Streak = white 
* Soluble in water.
Composition 	CuSO4 - 5H2O
Mohs Hardness	2.5
Density 	2.286 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* Mineralogy Database: [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Chalcanthite.shtml Chalcanthite
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 235
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcanthite (Accessed Sept 2 2005; spec. grav=2.12-2.3 )
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Chalcedony

== Description ==
A translucent, quartz stone with usually a waxy luster. Chalcedony has tiny microscopic crystals that are sometimes arranged in slender fibrous bands. Agates are a banded variety of chalcedony. A glassy red to brown chalcedony is known as carnelian or sard. A dull green variety colored with nickel oxide is called chrysoprase. Plasma is a bright emerald green chalcedony that is called bloodstone when it contains small red spots of jasper or hematite. Chalcedony has been mined or gathered since Paleolithic times. It was used as beads, amulets and seals and is still used as an ornamental stone and gemstone. The color and opacity can be changed by dyeing or heating.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
carnelian; sard; agate; chrysoprase; citrine; onyx; sardonyx; plasma; bloodstone; jasper; flint; plasma; Chalcedon (Deut.); calcedonia (Esp.); chalcédoine (Fr.); calcédoine (Fr.); chalcedon (Pol.); calcedônia (Port.); chalcedoon (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Chalcedony or flint.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Quartz, collodion slide, 785 nm copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|QUARTZ1.jpg~XRD (MFA)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* No visible crystals 
* Fracture = conchoidal, uneven, splintery 
* Luster = waxy to vitreous
* Streak = white 
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Pleochroism = absent
Composition 	SiO2
Mohs Hardness 	6.5-7.0
Density 	2.59-2.61 g/ml
Refractive index	1.535 - 1.539
Birefringence 	undetectable to 0.004
== Comparisons ==
== Additional Images ==
File:ChalcedonyKnifeNPSwp2.jpg|Chalcedony knife
File:image2_chalcedony.jpg|Chalcedony
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Wikipedia: Chalcedony {Accessed Dec 2022)
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Luciana and Tiziano Mannoni, Marble: the history of a culture, Facts on File Publications
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Sue Fuller, Rocks and Minerals, DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1995
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "chalcedony" [Accessed December 4, 2001].
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 647
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Chalcocite

== Description ==
A mineral composed of cuprous sulfide. Chalcocite occurs in conjunction with other copper ores. It is a dark gray color with a bluish-green tarnish. Chalcocite is an important source for copper and is mined in Chile, Mexico, Nambia, England (Cornwall), Romania, the Ural Mountains and the U.S. (Montana, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Alaska, Connecticut, New Mexico).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper glance; cuprous sulfide; calcosita (Esp.); calcocite (Port.); Kupferglanz, Chalcocit (Deut.); chalcosiet (Ned.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Orthorhombic crystal system. 
* Fracture = conchoidal; brittle. 
* Cleavage = poor in one direction. 
* Luster = metallic 
* Streak = gray to black
Composition 	Cu2S
Mohs Hardness	2.5 - 3.0
Density 	5.5-5.8 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Chalcocite
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "chalcocite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 232
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Chalconatronite

== Description ==
A powdery, blue corrosion product composed of a hydrated sodium copper carbonate. Chalconatronite has been found on corroded bronzes which have been treated with sodium sesquicarbonate (Horie and Vint, 1982) and on silver objects that were cleaned or replated using a sodium cyanide solution (Strahan, 1986).
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Na2Cu(CO3)2-3H2O
Refractive Index	1.662
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Chalconatronite, with some impurities.PNG~FTIR (MFA)|Chalconatronite, collodion slide, 532nm.TIF~Raman (MFA)|Slide3_chalconatronite.PNG~XRF (MFA)]]]
==Resources and Citations==
* D.A.Scott, Copper and Bronze in Art:Corrosion, Colorants and Conservation, Getty Publications, Los Angeles, 2002.
* D. Strahan "Treatment of a Silver Dragon for the Removal of Silver Cyanide and Chalconatronite" JAIC, 25: 73-81, 1986. 
* C. Horie, J.Vint, "Chalconatronite: A By-Product of Conservation?" Studies in Conservation 27:185-186, 1982. 
° R. Gettens, C. Frondel "Chalconatronite: An Alteration Product on Some Ancient Egyptian Bronzes" Studies in Conservation, 2:64-74, 1955.
Category:Materials database