nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Psychology

The scientific theory of the mind and behaviour is known as psychology. Psychology is the study of conscious and unconscious processes, such as emotions and thoughts, and comprises a variety of subfields. It is an academic topic with a wide range of applications, straddling the borders between the scientific sciences and the social sciences. Psychologists are interested in gaining a better knowledge of the emergent features of brains, which relates the discipline to the field of neuroscience. Psychologists seek to understand the behaviour of people and organisations through the lens of social science.
A psychologist is a trained professional who works as a practitioner or researcher in the field of psychology. Some psychologists may be classified as social, behavior, or cognitive scientists, based on their ongoing research. In an effort to better understand the role of mental activities in individual and societal behaviour, several psychologists have turned their attention to cognitive functions. Another area of study is the physiological and biological mechanisms that underpin cognitive functions and behaviours in humans.
A psychologist's study interests include seeing and thinking about the world; paying attention and feeling emotions; intelligence; subjective experiences; motivation; brain functioning; and personality. Interpersonal connections, psychological resilience, family resilience, and other aspects of social psychology are all topics that psychologists are interested in exploring. They also take into account the unconscious mind. Researchers in the field of psychology use empirical approaches to infer causal and correlational links between psychosocial variables in their investigations. Some clinical and counselling psychologists, although not all, depend on symbolic interpretation in their work.
Even though psychological knowledge is often used to the evaluation and treatment of mental health disorders, it is also directed toward the study and resolution of issues that arise in many other domains of human endeavour. According to many experts, psychology's ultimate goal is to serve society. Thousands of psychologists are active in some kind of therapeutic function, whether it's in a clinical environment, counselling practise, or school. A broad variety of subjects connected to mental processes and behaviour are investigated by other psychologists in the course of their scientific studies. With most cases, the latter group of psychologist is working in research universities (e.g., universities, medical schools, hospitals). Another kind of psychologist is seen in the workplace, namely in industrial and organisational contexts. Others are active in research on human development, ageing, sports, health, forensics, and the media, to name a few areas of interest.
Category:Psychology
Category:Behavioural sciences
Category:Cognitive behavioral therapy
Psychopharmacology

Mental health professionals refer to psychopharmacology as the scientific study of how medications affect a person's mood, sensations, thinking, and behaviour. A distinction is made between it and neuropsychopharmacology, which highlights the relationship between drugs' effects on the functioning of cells in the nervous system, as well as changes in consciousness and behaviour, as opposed to neuropsychopharmacology.
The area of psychopharmacology investigates a diverse spectrum of chemicals with a variety of psychoactive effects, with a particular emphasis on the chemical interactions between the substances and the brain. David Macht is said to have created the word "psychopharmacology" around 1920, according to historical records.
Psychoactive medications work by interfering with specific target sites or receptors in the nervous system, causing extensive alterations in physiological or psychological processes. The precise interaction between medications and their receptors is referred to as "drug action," while the broad alterations in physiological or psychological function are referred to as "drug impact." Drug action is defined as the unique interaction between drugs and their receptors. These medications may be derived from natural sources such as plants and animals, or they may be derived from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis performed in the laboratory.
Category:Psychopharmacology
Category:Neuropharmacology
Psytrance Pig

Psytrance Pig is an Ethereum based NFT as one of the first projects focused on a solid music-oriented theme. The project was developed for NFT Collectors and professionals who are into music. The project was inspired by the psychedelic aspects of Psytrance music and the project embraces oddity with a hint of cheekiness through the personification of Psypigs as expressed in their artworks. 
Psytrance Pig is credited as an early project to create a Music-Oriented Metaverse that is going to host a Psytrance Music Festival inside the metaverse, known as Psyverse in its community. Psytrance Pig team has also announced that they are going to release the first-ever Psytrance Music Video NFT.
Their artworks have really ashy and psychedelic backgrounds and details to complement the Psypigs. Psytrance Pig’s team has a future plan of a dedicated metaverse for members-only virtual music fests called the Psyverse, accessible by owning any Psytrance Pig NFT (Phase 1 or 2).
==Background==
There are only 10,000 unique Psypigs, all of which are rendered digitally scarce via the usage of NFTs based on the Ethereum platform. All Psypigs are guaranteed to be one-of-a-kind since they are created using a randomized combination of a staggering 173 traits. The team of Psytrance Pig has equally interesting secondary elements and paid attention to details with emphasis is on the hallucinogenic components of Psytrance music.
Psytrance Pig is originally set to be released for 0.08 ETH that can be minted by anyone with an Ethereum wallet. 
The developers of this ground-breaking Psytrance Pig NFT have shared their ambitious ambitions for the second phase of the project. Psytrance Pig’s team is working on creating a dedicated area in the metaverse for virtual music festivals. The exclusive space will be called Psyverse, and it will be available only to people who possess a Phase 1 or Phase 2 Psytrance Pig.
==Roadmap==
10% Psytrance Pig tokens: The funds will be made available to create Psytrance Pig Community.
20% Psytrance Pig tokens: Some tokens will be airdropped with lucky members of its community. 
30% Psytrance Pig tokens: Psytrance Music will be planned.
40% Psytrance Pig tokens: Psytrance Pig community will own Psytrance music radio station on YouTube and Discord, which members can listen.
60% Psytrance Pig tokens: The planning for the Psytrance Pig Metaverse will begin.
80% Psytrance Pig tokens: The Psytrance retail shop will be unlocked, where Psytrance Pig community members will be have access to Limited Edition shirts, hoodies, and other goods.
100% Psytrance Pig tokens: The transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2 will begin and Psytrance music video NFT & metaverse production will start.
==References==
==External links==
* Official Website
* 
* 
* Psytrance Pig NFT on Discord 
Category:Non-fungible token
Category:Ethereum
Category:Blockchain games
Category:Blockchain and auctions
Public administration

In the public sector, public administration is the process of putting government policy into action. It is also an academic subject that examines how policy is put into action and trains civil servants to serve in the government. As a "discipline of study with a varied scope" whose primary aim is to "advance management and policies in order for government to operate," management science is defined as follows: Some of the various definitions that have been offered for the term include: "the management of public programmes," "the translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day," "the study of policy decision, the analysis of the policies themselves, the various inputs that have produced them, and the inputs necessary to produce alternative policies.  The term public administration is a mixture of two words: public and administration, which means "public administration." The concept of administration can be found in every sphere of social, economic and political life, and it refers to the fact that an organisation or institution must be properly ruled or managed in order to function properly, and it is derived from this concept that the concept of administration is derived.
Public administration is "centrally concerned with the administration of government policies and activities, as well as the behaviour of officials (typically non-elected) who are officially accountable for their conduct," according to the American Society of Public Administration. Many non-elected public employees can be called public administrators, including heads of city, county, regional, state, and federal departments, and also municipal budget directors, human resources (HR) administrators, city leaders, census managers, state mental health directors, and cabinet secretaries, to name a few examples of positions. Public administrators are government workers who work in public departments and agencies at all levels of government. They are also known as public servants.
In the United States, civil servants and academics such as Woodrow Wilson worked together to promote civil service reform in the 1880s, thus bringing public administration within the realm of higher education. According to the authors, there was "little interest in a theory of public administration" until the middle of the twentieth century, when the German sociologist Max Weber's idea of bureaucracy began to be widely disseminated. The field is multidisciplinary in nature; one of the proposals for public administration's sub-fields outlines six pillars, which include human resources, organisational theory, policy analysis, statistics, budgeting, and ethics, among other things. Public administration is a multidisciplinary field.
Category:Public administration
Category:Management education
Category:Public policy
Public domain

The term "public domain" (PD) refers to any creative work on which no one has claimed exclusive ownership of the intellectual property rights. It is possible that certain rights are no longer relevant because they have lapsed, been lost, been explicitly relinquished, or are inapplicable. Anyone is free to lawfully use or reference such works in any way they see fit since no one person or entity has the sole rights to them.
It is possible that the works of William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci, and Georges Méliès are in the public domain because they were produced in an era prior to the establishment of copyright laws or because the terms of their copyright protection have since run out. These are just a few examples. Certain works are not protected by the copyright laws of a country and are therefore considered to be in the public domain. In the United States, for instance, the formulae of Newtonian physics, cooking recipes, and all computer software created prior to 1974 are not protected by copyright laws and are therefore considered to be in the public domain. Other works, such as reference implementations of cryptographic methods and the image-processing programme ImageJ, have been voluntarily given to the public domain by their creators (for more information on this practise, see waiver) (created by the National Institutes of Health). It is not common practise to use the phrase "public domain" to circumstances in which the author of a work has certain residual rights; instead, in such circumstances, the use of the work is referred to as being "under licence" or "with permission."
Due to the fact that rights differ from nation to country and jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it is possible for a piece of work to be protected by rights in one country while being in the public domain in another. If a work is not registered in a given nation where registration is necessary, then that work is considered to be in the public domain in that country. Certain rights are dependent on registrations that are conducted on a country-by-country basis. It is possible to use the phrase public domain interchangeably with other terms that are imprecise or ambiguous, such as the public sphere or commons. This includes ideas such as the "commons of the mind," the "intellectual commons," and the "information commons."
Category:Public domain
Category:Copyright law
Category:Intellectual property law
Public figure

A public figure, such a politician, celebrity, social media star, or corporate leader, is someone who has a prominent position in society, has the ability to gain much from society, and is intimately connected to the interests of the general public.
Defamation (libel, slander) and invasion of privacy cases in the United States need evidence of genuine malice on the part of the writer or publisher in order for a public person to win a lawsuit based on false and hurtful claims. Because of this, the standard of evidence in defamation cases is far greater for public figures than it is for regular citizens.
Libel laws are quite different from one country to the next. The United Kingdom (UK) has quite different libel laws than the United States (US), even though both countries are considered Western.
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, a 1964 decision of the United States Supreme Court, is the prevailing case law in the United States and is widely regarded as a seminal judgement in defence of the First Amendment and press freedom.
Category:American legal terminology
Category:Public sphere
Public policy

As a course of action developed and/or executed, usually by a government, in response to societal concerns, public policy is an institutionalised plan to address relevant and real-world problems that is led by a conception and implemented through programmes. In addition to this wide term, public policy has been conceived in a number of different ways.
The "policy cycle" is a common method of learning and participating in public policy since it consists of a number of phases that can be broken down into smaller parts. The specific phases of the process may be described in many ways, but the general sequence is as follows: agenda setting – formulation – legitimation – implementation – assessment.
Officials who are regarded policymakers have a duty to represent the interests of a diverse range of stakeholders in their decisions. Policy design involves making a conscious and intentional effort to establish policy objectives and map them into a set of operational criteria. Academics and other professionals in the field of policy studies have created a variety of tools and methods to assist them in this endeavour.
Category:Public policy
Category:Political science
Category:Public economics
Public speaking

Traditionally, public speaking, also known as oratory or oration, has been defined as the act of delivering a speech in front of a live audience. Currently, it encompasses any kind of public speaking (formal and informal) in front of an audience, including pre-recorded speeches given across long distances via technological methods.
Confucius, one of many academics connected with public speaking, once said that if a speech is deemed to be excellent, it will have an effect on the lives of those who hear it, regardless of whether they directly listen to it or not. His belief was that the words and deeds of someone in a position of authority may have an impact on the world.
Public speaking may be used for a variety of reasons, but it is most often employed as a combination of education, persuading, and entertainment. Each of them necessitates the use of methods and procedures that are somewhat different.
Public speaking emerged as a field of knowledge in ancient Greece and Rome, where it was defined as a key component of rhetoric by renowned philosophers of the day. Modern public speaking has been altered by newly accessible technology such as videoconferencing, multimedia presentations, and other unconventional formats, yet the fundamentals of the art have remained unchanged.
Category:Public speaking
Public university

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As contrast to a private university, a public university is one that is either owned by the state or gets major public funding via a national or subnational government. A public college is similar to a public university in that it also receives funding from the state. The nature of the educational system of a nation (or area) determines, to a considerable extent, whether or not a national university may be classified as a public institution in that nation (or region).
Category:Types of university or college
Category:Public universities
Publicist

When it comes to public relations, the duty of a publicist is to create and manage publicity on behalf of an organisation or public figure – particularly one who is well-known, as in the case of celebrities – as well as for an artistic product such as a book, film, or record. Instead of representing a whole company or business, publicists are public relations experts whose job is to preserve and represent the image of a person rather than an entire corporation or business. They are also used by celebrities who want to preserve or defend their public image. Publicists help their clients build their brands by obtaining publicity in magazines, on television, in newspapers, and on the internet. The majority of top-level publicists operate in private practise, managing a large number of clients.
During the late nineteenth century, the legal scholar Francis Lieber created the word "publicist" to characterise the internationalists' public-facing function, which was like to that of journalists. Publicists are often referred to as flacks, a term that dates back to Gene Flack, a well-known cinema publicist in the 1930s who popularised the term.
Category:Mass media occupations
Category:Public relations people by role
Category:Theatrical management
Category:Theatrical occupations
Publishing

Publishing is the process of making information, literature, music, software, and other material accessible to the general public, either for sale or for free, via various means. Books, newspapers, and magazines are examples of printed products that have traditionally been created and distributed under the word publishing. With the introduction of digital information systems, the scope of the profession has broadened to encompass electronic publishing, which includes ebooks, academic journals, micropublishing, websites, blogs, video game publishing, and other forms of electronic publication, among other things.
Printing may result in the production of products for private, club and community use as well as for the general public. It may be carried out as a commercial, public, social or community activity. Bertelsmann, RELX, Pearson, and Thomson Reuters are just a few of the major multinational corporations that dominate the commercial publishing sector, which also includes hundreds of tiny independents. This company has many branches, including fiction and non-fiction trade/retail publishing, educational publishing (kindergarten through 12th grade), academic and scientific publishing. Governments, civil society organisations, and commercial businesses publish for a variety of reasons, including administrative or compliance needs, business, research, advocacy, and public interest goals, among others. Annual reports, research studies, market research, policy briefings, and technical reports are examples of what may be included. Self-publishing has grown more popular.
When we say "publisher," we may refer to a publishing business or organisation, but we can also refer to a person who is in charge of a publishing company, imprint, periodical, or newspaper.
Category:Publishing
Category:Mass media industry
Pucca Qila Massacre

Pucca Qila Massacre was a coordinated massacre of Muhajir civilians conducted by Sindh police on the orders of the PPP-led Sindh Government. The massacre resulted in the deaths of more than 162 Muhajirs. The massacre resulted in the dismissal of the Benazir Bhutto government by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, allegedly on the orders of Pakistan army.
==Background==
On 14 May, a dispute between different ethnic groups of students over special exam quotas escalated into clashes that spread to the entire city center and resulted in the deaths of three people and a curfew which was enforced which for eleven days. On the eleventh day, 25 May, the government sent the police, consisting of several forces from predominantly rural districts surrounding Hyderabad, to Pucca Qila, a muhajir dominated neighborhood, where they attempted to establish a police station within the walls of the citadel and to clear it of weapons. The police besieged the area, closed off all exits, entered houses in search of weaponry and shot at people breaking curfew and leaving their houses. Gun battles broke out between the police and MQM militants who had arrived to lift the siege and local MQM party workers who attempted to resist the searches, leading to an escalation of tension in Pucca Qila area. As a result of the siege, the water supply from the water tower in the citadel was cut off, disrupting the water supply in large sections of Hyderabad.
==Massacre==
On May 27, 10 o clock, a rally of thousands Muhajir women and children started marching from Latifabad to demand the restoration of water supply in Pucca Qila and lift of the 300 hour long siege. The procession, when challenged to stop, dared the police to open fire, because they were carrying the Holy Quran on our heads. The police opened fire, causing a stampede, with the muhajir women and children rushing into the Abdul Wahab Shah Jilani Shrine for shelter. Twenty-four ambulances arrived and carried off the dead and the wounded to nearby hospitals, first to Bhitai Hospital-which had only one operation theatre, so that the surgeons were obliged to operate in the corridors and then move the victims to the St. Elizabeth and Mohammadi hospitals. According to Muhajir rights organisations, underage girls were raped in front of their families during the massacre. The massacre and siege ended when Pakistan Army moved into Hyderabad and dismissed the PPP-led government.
==Aftermath==
===Protests===
Protests broke out after the massacre where slogans of death were chanted to the administration, the President, Prime Minister, and the police.
===Demands for judicial inquiry===
* On 27 May 2017, the 27th anniversery of Pucca Qila, Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan demanded an independent inquiry into the 1990 Hyderabad Pucca Qila tragedy.
Category:Massacres
Category:Massacres in 1990
Category:Massacres in Pakistan