nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Guayule

== Description ==
A small shrub from the thistle family (Compositae) native to the deserts of northern Mexico and southwestern United States. The guayule produces a natural resin along with a rubber hydrocarbon, also called guayule, that is similar to polyisoprene. Crude guayule rubber is soft and tacky and is often used as an adhesive. For commercial use, it is steam cleaned, then washed with acetone to remove the natural resin. Guayule rubber was used as a substitute for hevea rubber during World War II.
Category:Materials database
Gudy adhesives

== Description ==
[Neschen, Lockport, NY] A registered trademark for a series of thin, transferable acrylic adhesive sheets and dots. Gudy® adhesives were designed for cold-mounting photographs and graphic papers. 
* Gudy® 804 is a double sided adhesive film. One adhesive is permanent and the other is repositionable. 
* Gudy® 831 is a strong, polyacrylic ester adhesive on a thin flexible, rollable, non-woven paper carrier. It is often used to mount prints, photographs, and silk on mats without the need for a dry mounting press. The adhesive is easily applied by hand and will never dry out with age, but it can be removed with acetone or xylene. Acid free (pH 7), passed the Photographic Activity Test (PAT ISO 18916), and will not dry out or discolor with age.
* Gudy® 870 is a substate-free film removable on a silicon paper carrier. It is a dry mount adhesive recommended for mounting paper, prints, photographs, and silk on mats without the need for a dry mount press. Acid free (pH 7), passed the photo activity test (PAT ISO 18916), and will not dry out or discolor with age.
* Gudy Dot Self-adhesive Mounting Tape is a water-based polyacrylate dispersion packaged as dots on silicone release paper. Velagadapudi et al.(2023) tested its potential for temporarily mounting small objects.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Solvent-free, pH neutral
==Resources and Citations==
* Neeha Velagapudi, Emily Fryer, Sarah Murray, Kristen Ramsdale, Sebastian Denize, Sam Adshead, 'Finding a Temporary Adhesive for Securing Objects for Display in Earthquake-prone Regions' Studies in Conservation, 68(1), 36-42, 2023 link
* Neschen: Mounting films
* Talas: Gudy 831
* Talas: Gudy 870
* Talas: Gudy Dots
* Interlam: Website
Category:Materials database
Guipure lace

== Description ==
A type of bobbin lace in which the design is interconnected with thread bars or plaits, called brides. Guipure lace is continuous and does not have a net or mesh ground.
Saxony guipure, Cluny, Maltese, and Bohemian lace are all guipure laces. The word Guipure is now indiscriminately applied to all large-patterned laces with coarse grounds.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
encaje de guipur (Esp.); guipurekant (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Fashion History: Guipure lace
* Wikipeda: Guipure lace Accessed August 2022
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Maltese Lace." Accessed 2 Aug. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Gull

== Description ==
Any of several species of web-footed seabirds of the family Larinae. Sea gulls are found worldwide in coastal areas and near inland seas and large lakes. They are typically white or gray in color with black markings. Gulls are omnivorous and catch or scavenge many types of food including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, insects, grasshoppers, worms, grubs, and even garbage.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gulls; sea gull; seagull
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "gull." Accessed 18 Mar. 2005.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagull
Category:Materials database
Gum

== Description ==
Carbohydrate containing exudates obtained from some trees or shrubs that are insoluble in alcohol and either soluble or swellable in water. Some gums, such as, agar, funori, and carrageenan, are extracts from seaweed. Gums are used as adhesives, paint binders and sizes. The word 'gum' has also been commonly used to refer to any plant exudate. Examples of natural gums include: gum arabic, gum tragacanth, cherry gum, plum gum, almond gum, balata gum, chicle, damson gum, divul gum, galactan gum, ghatti gum, gum thus, khaya gum, tamarind seed gum, cashew gum, karaya gum, mesquite gum, cholla gum, soap berry gum, tartar gum, tandra gum, orange gum, grapefruit gum, neem gum, sapote gum, drum stick gum, lemon gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, seaweed glue, and guar gum.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gums; gomme (Fr.); goma (Esp.); gomma (It); mucilage; plant gums; natural gums 
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Gum Alamo.TIF~FTIR gum alamo(MFA)|Gum Arabic, 100.B16.TIF~FTIR gum arabic(MFA)|Gum Chaka,colorless area.TIF~FTIR gum chaka(MFA)|Gum Tragancanth, 100.B34.TIF~FTIR gum tragancanth(MFA)|Funori, dried from aqueous solution.TIF~FTIR funori(MFA)|Nopal gum, purified, from cactus.TIF~FTIR nopal gum(MFA)|Plum gum.tif~FTIR plum gum(MFA)|TIF.tif~FTIR sandarac gum(MFA)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble or swellable in water. Insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents. May be thickened by the addition of borates, iron salts or alkaline silicates.
Density	1.32-1.43 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* J. Twilley, The Analysis of Exudate Plant Gums in Their Artisitic Application, Archaeological Chemistry, 357, 1984
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Gum bichromate

== Description ==
A photographic emulsion used in nineteenth century printing processes. Gum printing was invented by Alphonse Poitevin in 1855 and the technique was enhanced by John Pouncy in 1858. Paper is coated with a gum arabic/pigment emulsion that has been sensitized with potassium bichromate. When exposed to light, the bichromated gum hardens proportional to the intensity of radiation. The non-exposed areas remain soft and water-soluble, while the exposed areas become hard and moisture resistant. After exposure, the print is washed to remove the soft gum regions leaving a positive image on the paper. Carbon black was the most commonly used pigment and the prints often resembled charcoal drawings.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Photography"
Category:Materials database
Gum eraser

== Description ==
A soft block composed of fastice (vulcanized vegetable oil) that crumbles easily. Gum erasers are soft and nonabrasive, but leave numerous small yellow crumbs that darken with age (Estabrook, 1989). The crumbs can be removed with a vacuum or brushing. Gum erasers do minimal damage to the surface of paper and are often used by artists for pencil and charcoal drawings. They are also used to clean leather and erase smudges, pencil marks, and dirt from paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Draft Clean; Design® Artgum® eraser; soap eraser
== Resources and Citations ==
* E. Estabrook "Considerations of the Effect of Erasers on Cotton Fabric" JAIC 28:79-96, 1989. Link 
* E. J. Pearlstein, D. Cabelli, A. King, & N. Indictor :Effects of Eraser Treatment on Paper" JAIC 22(1):1-12, 1982. Link
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Gum resin

== Description ==
A plant exudation that contains both a natural resin and a carbohydrate gum. A gum-resin exudate never occurs naturally, but rather is the result of a bruise or incision on the plant. The white emulsion can be separated into the two components by extracting the resin portion in alcohol or the gum portion in water. Examples of gum resins are myrrh and gamboge.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gomme-résine (Fr.); gomorresina (Esp.); gommoresina (It.); gommaresina (It.); gum-resin
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* "Copal of Zanzibar" at www.carriagemuseumlibrary.org/copal_zanzibar.htm
Category:Materials database
Gum tempera

== Description ==
A mixture of pigment in drying oil emulsified with gum arabic and glycerin to produce a bright, transparent paint. Gum arabic and other polysaccharides, such as gum tragacanth and fruit gums, have been used as water-soluble paint media for many centuries. To form gum temperas, the water-soluble gums are combined with drying oils, and sometimes natural resins, to form milky emulsions. Glycerin is often added to keep the mixture from separating. Even with the addition of oil or resin, the dry gum tempera paint films are water-sensitive and should be treated similar to watercolors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
temple de goma (Esp.); acuarela (Esp.); guache (Esp.); têmpera de goma (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* D. van der Reyden "Identifying the Real Thing" link
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Gum thus

== Description ==
The balsam exudate, or gum thus, obtained from the longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, the Cuban pine, Pinus caribaea, and the loblolly pine, Pinus taeda. Gum thus, considered a thick turpentine, is a yellowish sticky mass with a characteristic piney odor. Turpentine is the volatile fraction collected from distilling gum thus. Rosin, or colophony, is the solid, resinous residue left after the distillation of turpentine. Gum thus is used as an additive in oil paints, an insecticide, a polish and an antiseptic agent. Gum thus is also an archaic name for olibanum. 
See also balsam, colophony and turpentine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
balsam; turpentine; olibanum; rosin
== Risks ==
* Inhalation and skin contact may cause mild to severe irritation. 
* Combustible.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid. Insoluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 832
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6969, 9957
Category:Materials database
Gum turpentine

== Description ==
Turpentine obtained from the steam distillation of pine tree balsams. Please see turpentine (gum).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gum spirits of turpentine
==Resources and Citations==
 
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
Category:Materials database
Gummed paper

== Description ==
A paper coated on one side with an adhesive. The adhesive may be a synthetic pressure sensitive type, a heat-activated type or a dry, water-activated type, such as gum arabic, dextrin or fish glue. Gummed paper is used for labels, stickers, envelopes and wall paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cinta de papel engomada (Esp.); ruban de papier gommé (Fr.); brown gummed tape; gum paper tape
Category:Materials database
Gummed paper tape

== Description ==
A kraft paper strip coated on one side with an adhesive. The adhesive is usually a dry, water-activated type, such as gum arabic or acrylic resin. The adhesive yellows and becomes brittle with time. Gummed paper tape is most commonly used for sealing packages.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cinta de papel engomada (Esp.); ruban de papier gommé (Fr.); brown gummed tape; gum paper tape
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
Category:Materials database
Gunari

== Description ==
A bright yellow, natural dyestuff obtained from the leaves of the Indian mahogany tree, Cedula toona, native to the southern Asia. Gunari has been used to dye wool and silk a bright yellow color. The primary colorant in gunari is crocetin. Crocetin is a substantive dye that is also found in saffron.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Natural Yellow 4
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Crocetin is soluble in water, ethanol, alkali solutions. Crocetin forms a blue solution in concentrated sulfuric acid.
==Resources and Citations==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* Judith Hofenk-de Graaff, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Gunite

== Description ==
Originally a trademark of Cement Gun Company, gunite is now licensed for general use. Gunite, or shotcrete, is a concrete mixture that is sprayed at high velocity onto a surface. Shotcrete is composed of the same materials (cement, sand, aggregate and water) used for poured-in-place concrete. It can be applied by a wet-mix process in which the water is added prior to dispensing or by a dry-mix process in which the water is mixed in the nozzle during delivery. A patent for the first concrete sprayer was obtained in 1908 by Carl Akeley at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Shotcrete was used to apply thin layers to steel reinforced masonry sections, to coat building exteriors and to repair deteriorated stucco. Because it could be applied to vertical and overhead locations, it was also used to construct domes and shell roofs. Cracking and debonding are seen in deteriorated shotcrete as well as corrosion of reinforcing bars.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
betão projectado (Port.); shotcrete
==Resources and Citations==
* Anne Sullivan, "Shotcrete", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Gunmetal

== Description ==
1) A bronze alloy containing 88-90 % copper, 10% tin and 0-2% zinc. Gunmetal is an easily cast, golden-color alloy that forms a strong noncrystalline structure. It was originally used to produce small cannons, but is now used for guns, machines, gears and valves.
2) Any metal alloy with a dark gray or bluish gray color.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gun metal; G bronze; admiralty gunmetal; BES No.383
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Density	8.7
==Resources and Citations==
* Oppi Untracht, Metal Techniques for Craftsmen, Doubleday & Company, Garden City, 1968
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 383
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Gunpowder

== Description ==
A rapidly burning material used as a propellant in guns and rifles. Gunpowder was invented in China in the 9th century. It is composed of a mixture of potassium nitrate (75 %), sulfur (10 %), and charcoal (15 %). Gunpowder burns inefficiently leaving copious residues of soot and alkaline potassium hydroxides. If left uncleaned after firing, the residues will rapidly degrade the barrel.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
black powder; propellant; smokeless powder; krudt (Dan.); Schwarzpulver (Deut.); Schießpulver (Deut.); pólvora (Esp.); krutt (Nor.); buskruit (Ned.); proch (Pol.); krut (Sven.); gun powder
== Resources and Citations ==
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Gurjun balsam

== Description ==
A light brown oleoresin obtained from any of several species of Dipterocarpus trees native to India, China and southeast Asia. Gurjun balsam is a transparent, thick liquid and has a greenish fluorescence. It has been used in varnishes and inks, as a waterproofing agent and as a wood preservative. Gurjun balsam was called wood oil prior to the 19th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gurgina balsam; goorjun balsam; wood oil; East Indian copaiba balsam
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether. 
* Slightly soluble in ethanol. 
* Insoluble in water. 
* Acid no. 5-15. 
* Saponification no. 10-20.
* Density = 0.955-0.965 g/ml
* Refractive Index = 1.510-1.516
* Boiling Point = 255 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 384
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 974
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Dipterocarpaceae." Accessed 7 Apr. 2005.
Category:Materials database
Gut

== Description ==
A thin, tough product made from cured strips of animal intestines. The intestines are cleaned, soaked in an alkali solution then shaped and cured. Sheep gut are used as strings for musical instruments, bowstrings, racquet cords, and medical sutures. Gut from oxen are used to make goldbeater's skin.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
catgut
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 165
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Gutta-percha

== Description ==
A milky latex obtained from any of several tropical trees of the sapodilla family native to the Malaysian peninsula. Most commercial production of gutta-percha comes from the Palaquium gutta and Palaquium oblongifoia trees. First introduced to London in 1843 by Dr William Montgomerie, gutta-percha is a tough, pliable, moldable rubber-like material though it lacks the elasticity of rubber. On exposure to air and sunlight, gutta-percha oxidizes and becomes brittle. Gutta-percha vulcanizes with sulfur into a hard, waterproof material. From the late 1840s, it was widely used for golf balls, imitation leather, joints in doll limbs, electrical insulation (especially underwater cables), and dental fillings. The name gutta-percha was sometimes used for any dark coloured molding material.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
trans-polyisoprene; gutapercha (Esp.); gutta-percha (Fr.); guttaperca (It); gutta percha; guttapercha 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in carbon disulfide, ligroin, turpentine and chloroform. 
* Insoluble in water.
* Melting Point = 100
==Resources and Citations==
* Plastic Museum: Natural Materials section: Gutta Percha
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 384
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 4611
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* History of Plastic: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
Category:Materials database
Gymnosperm

== Description ==
A plant, such as a cone-bearing evergreen tree, whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. Other plants are called angiosperms.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gymnosperme (Fr.); Gimnosperma (Esp.); gimnospérmica (Port.); gimnosperma (It.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
Category:Materials database
Gyoshaninniku /Yamabiru /Gyoshanebuka - left (328 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-08-2009_328.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 328
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (328 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 行者ニンニク /山ビル /行者ネブカ : Gyoshaninniku /Yamabiru /Gyoshanebuka
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Allium victorialis L. subsp. platyphyllum Hultn (A. victorialis var. platyphyllum (Hultn) Makino; A. latissimum Prokh.)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| melanterite (FeSO47H2O)
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The resultant color was not satisfactory. Mordanting with alum did not achieve a color on a fabric either.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive