The Peninsula Campaign

The Peninsula Campaign (also referred to as the Peninsular Campaign) was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March 17-September 2, 1862. It was the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater, wherein Union Major General George B. McClellan attempted a combined land and naval offensive intended to capture the Confederate Capital at Richmond. McClellan was initially successful against the cautious General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of General Robert E. Lee as an ambitious General reversed Confederate forces at the end of the campaign.
* Note: Not all counties associated with this campaign have been registered/updated
* McClellan's army began to sail from Alexandria on March 17
== Sub-Operations ==
=== Prologue ===
* March 8-March 9, 1862 - Action at Hampton Roads, Virginia
=== Campaign ===
* April 4, 1862 - Skirmish at Howard's Mill, Virginia
* April 5, 1862 - Skirmish near Lee's Mill, Virginia 
* April 5, 1862 - Skirmish on the Yorktown Road, Virginia 
* April 5-May 4, 1862 - Siege of Yorktown, Virginia
** April 9-11, 1862 - Reconnaissance from Yorktown, Virginia 
*** April 11, 1862 - Operations about Hampton Roads, Virginia
** April 16, 1862 - Engagement at Lee's Mill, Virginia 
* April 28, 1862 - Reconnaissance toward Lee's Mill, Virginia 
* April 29, 1862 - Reconnaissance toward Lee's Mill, Virginia 
* May 4, 1862 - Skirmish at Cheese Cake Church, Virginia 
* May 5, 1862 - Battle of Williamsburg, Virginia 
* May 7, 1862 - Engagement at Eltham's Landing, Virginia 
* May 15, 1862 - Engagement at Drewry's Bluff, Virginia 
* May 19-May 20, 1862 - Skirmishes at Bottom's Bridge, Virginia
* May 20-23, 1862 - Operations about Bottom's Bridge, Virginia
** May 22, 1862 - Recononissance to Hanovertown and New Castle Ferries, Virginia
** May 23, 1862 - Reconnaissance from Bottom's Bridge to Richmond, Virginia
* May 23, 1862 - Skirmish at Ellison's Mill, Virginia 
* May 24, 1862 - Skirmish at Savage's Station, Virginia
* May 24, 1862 - Reconnaissance toward Hanover Court House, Virginia
* May 24-27, 1862 - Reconnaissance to Seven Pines, Virginia
* May 25-May 26, 1862 - Reconnaissance from Bottom's Bridge to the James River, Virginia
* May 25, 1862 - Battle of Winchester, Virginia
* May 26, 1862 - Reconnaissance toward Hanover Court House, Virginia
* May 27, 1862 - Skirmish at Garnett's Farm, Virginia
* May 27-29, 1862 - Operations about Hanover Court House, Virginia
** May 27, 1862 - Engagement at Hanover Court House, Virginia 
*** May 28, 1862 - Skirmish near Ashland, Virginia
* May 29, 1862 - Affair at Seven Pines, Virginia
* May 30, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks, Virginia
* May 31-June 1, 1862 - Battle of Seven Pines, Virginia 
* June 1-June 2, 1862 - Reconnaissance beyond Seven Pines, Virginia
* June 8, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks, Virginia
* June 13, 1862 - Skirmish at Hanover Court House
* June 15, 1862 - Skirmish near Seven Pines, Virginia
* June 16, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks, Virginia
* June 18, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks, Virginia
* June 19, 1862 - Skirmish on the Charles City Cross Roads, Virginia 
** June 21, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks Station, Virginia
** June 24, 1862 - Skirmish at Fair Oaks, Virginia
** June 24, 1862 - Skirmish near Milford, Virginia
* June 25-July 1, 1862 - The Seven Days Battles before Richmond, Virginia
** June 25, 1862 - Skirmish near Ashland, Virginia
** June 25, 1862 - Engagement at Oak Grove, Virginia
** June 26, 1862 - Engagement at Beaver Dam Creek, Virginia
** June 26, 1862 - Skirmish at Hanover Court House
** June 26-29, 1862 - Skirmishes about Fair Oaks, Virginia
** June 27, 1862 - Engagement at Gaines's Mill, Virginia
** June 27-June 28, 1862 - Engagement at Garnett's and Golding's Farms, Virginia
** June 27, 1862 - Skirmish at Savage's Station, Virginia
** June 28-June 29, 1862 - Skirmishes at Bottom's Bridge, Virginia
** June 29, 1862 - Skirmish at Willis Church, Virginia 
** June 29, 1862 - Skirmish on the Charles City Cross Roads, Virginia 
** June 29, 1862 - Engagement at Savage's Station, Virginia
** June 29, 1862 - Battle of the Peach Orchard, Virginia
** June 30, 1862 - Engagement at White Oak Swamp, Virginia
** June 30, 1862 - Engagement at Glendale, Virginia
** June 30, 1862 - Engagement at Turkey Bridge, Virginia 
** July 1, 1862 - Engagement at Malvern Hill, Virginia
** July 2, 1862 - Skirmish near Milford, Virginia
=== Other Events (add later) ===
- March 30 Reconnoissance to Big Bethel 
- April 5 Warwick Road
- (April 15 Warwick Road?)
- April 26 Affair at Yorktown
- April 29 Recon towards Lee's Mills
- May 4 Near Williamsburg
- May 9 Slatersville / New Kent Court House / Sisters Mills
* May 9-23 Advance to the Chickahominy
- May 10 Reconnoissance up the Pamunkey
- May 11 New Kent Court House
- May 20 New Bridge
- May 20-23 Bottom's Bridge
- May 22 Mechanicsville
- May 23 Hogan's, near New Bridge
- May 23-24 Mechanicsville
- May 24 New Bridge 
- May 24 Seven Pines
- May 24 Bottom's Bridge
- May 25-26 Expedition to James River
- May 27-28 Built Grape vine bridge
- May 28-29 Destruction of bridges South Anna River 
- June 1-2 Reconnaissance beyond Seven Pines
- June 2 Expedition to Wormsley Ferry 
- June 7 Reconnaissance to East Branch Chickahominy (Cos. "D," "F" and "I"). 
- June 8 New Market Road
- June 13-15 Operations against Stuart 
- June 14 Tunstall Station
- June 16 Ashland
- June 18 Near Richmond/Nine Mile Road
- June 21 Fair Oaks Station
- June 25 Ashland
- June 26 Mechanicsville/ Atlee's Station/ near Hanover Court House
June 26-July 2 Operations about White House Landing
- June 27 Fair Oaks
- June 27 Jordan's Ford
- June 27 Destruction of railroad bridge over Chickahominy
- June 26/27 Hundley's Corners
- June 28 Despatch Station /Orchard Station?
- June 28 Fort Davidson
- June 28-29 Long Bridge
- June 30 Jordan's Ford 
- June 30 Jone's Bridge
- June 30 Brackett's?
== Union Troops ==
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign_Union_Order_of_Battle
Several units were initially stationed near this area or sailed for it with the main body of McClellan's troops on March 17. As the campaign progressed, more units were taken from neighboring armies to accommodate McClellan's requests for more troops.
=== Army of the Potomac ===
* 2nd Corps
** 1ST DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (APRIL 4) 5th New Hampshire Infantry
**** 81st PA?
**** (MARCH ?) 61st New York Infantry 
**** (MARCH ?) 64th New York Infantry 
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 28) 69th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH ?) 63rd New York Infantry 
**** (APRIL ?) 88th New York Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (APRIL 3) 52nd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 57th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH ?) 66th New York Infantry 
**** (MARCH 17) 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 4th United States Artillery / Battery A 
**** (MARCH 17) 4th United States Artillery / Battery C
**** (MARCH 17) 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery B
**** (APRIL 3) 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery G
**** 2nd New York Light Artillery?
** 2ND DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (April 1) 82nd New York Infantry (2nd New York State Militia Infantry)
**** (APRIL 1) 15th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 1st Minnesota Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 24) 69th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 71st Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (APRIL 1) 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 18) 106th Pennsylvania Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (MARCH 27) 19th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 20th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 7th Michigan Infantry
**** (APRIL 1) 42nd New York Infantry
*** Artillery
**** 1st United States Artillery / Battery I
**** (APRIL ?) 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery A
**** (APRIL 1) 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery B
**** (APRIL 1) 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery G
*** Unbrigaded
**** (MAY 1) 8th Illinois Cavalry
**** (MARCH 17) 6th New York Cavalry (Companies D and K?)
* 3rd Corps
** 1ST DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (MARCH 17) 2nd Maine Infantry
**** (MARCH 23) 18th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 23) 22nd Massachusetts Infantry
***** (MARCH 23) 2nd Massachusetts Sharpshooter Company
**** (MARCH 17) (II) 25th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) (II) 13th New York Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 17) 14th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) (I) 4th Michigan Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 9th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 26) 62nd Pennsylvania Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (MARCH 24) 17th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 44th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) (II) 12th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 83rd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 16th Michigan Infantry
***** (MARCH 24) Brady's (Independent) Sharpshooter Company
**** (MARCH 22) 1st United States Sharpshooters
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 5th United States Artillery / Battery D
**** (MARCH 30) 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery C
**** (MARCH 24) 3rd Massachusetts Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 24) 5th Massachusetts Light Artillery Battery
** 2ND DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (APRIL 7) 1st Massachusetts Infantry
**** (APRIL 7) 11th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 26th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (APRIL 8) 2nd New Hampshire Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH ?) 70th New York Infantry 
**** (APRIL ?) 71st New York Infantry
**** (APRIL ?) 72nd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 73rd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 74th New York Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (APRIL 8) 5th New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 8) 6th New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 8) 7th New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 8) 8th New Jersey Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 1st United States Artillery / Battery H
**** (MARCH 17) 4th New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 17?) 6th New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 17) 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery D
** 3RD DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** 105th Pennsylvania
**** (MARCH 17) 63rd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 18) 57th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 87th New York Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 17) 38th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 40th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 3rd Maine Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 4th Maine Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (MARCH 17) 2nd Michigan Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) (I) 3rd Michigan Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 5th Michigan Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 37th New York Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery G
**** (MARCH 17?) 2nd New Jersey Light Artillery Battery ("Battery B")
**** (APRIL ?) 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery E
*** Cavalry Reserve
**** (MARCH 30) 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry
* 4th Corps
** 1ST DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (MARCH 26) 2nd Rhode Island Infantry
**** (MARCH 25) 7th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 25) 10th Massachusetts Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 36th New York Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 25) 65th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 25) 67th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 26) (II) 23rd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** 31st Pennsylvania Infantry
**** 61st Pennsylvania Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** 98th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 102nd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 25) 93rd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 62nd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 55th New York Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH ?) (I) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery C 
**** (MARCH ?) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery D 
**** (MARCH ?) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery E 
**** (MARCH 17) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery H
** 2ND DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (MARCH 25) (I) 5th Wisconsin Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 49th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 43rd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 6th Maine Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 24) 2nd Vermont Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 3rd Vermont Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 4th Vermont Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 5th Vermont Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 6th Vermont Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (MARCH 22) 49th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 22) 77th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 23) 33rd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 24) 7th Maine Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 5th United States Artillery / Battery F
**** (MARCH 24) 3rd New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 22) 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery E
**** (MARCH 24) 1st New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
** 3RD DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (MARCH 28) 104th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 52nd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 56th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 100th New York Infantry
**** 11th Maine Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (MARCH 28) 85th Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 103rd Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 17) 101st Pennsylvania Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 96th New York Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (MARCH 28) 81st New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 85th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 98th New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 28) 92nd New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 30) 93rd New York Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 7th New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 17) 8th New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
**** (MARCH 17) 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery H
**** 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery A
*** Cavalry Reserve
**** 6th New York Cavalry / Companies F/H?
=== Reserves ===
* CAVALRY DIVISION
** 1st Brigade
**** (MARCH 17?) 5th United States Cavalry
**** (MARCH 30) 6th United States Cavalry
**** (MAY 5) 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry
** 2nd Brigade
**** 1st United States Cavalry
**** (APRIL ?) 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry
**** Barker's Dragoons
* ARTILLERY DIVISION
** (MARCH 17?) 1st United States Artillery / Battery E
** (MARCH 17) 1st United States Artillery / Battery G
** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery A
** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery B
** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery E
** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Artillery / Battery C
** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Artillery / Battery F
** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Artillery / Battery K
** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Artillery / Battery L
** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Artillery / Battery M
** (MARCH 17) 4th United States Artillery / Battery G
** (MARCH 17) 4th United States Artillery / Battery K
** (MARCH 17) 5th United States Artillery / Battery I
** (MARCH 17) 5th United States Artillery / Battery K
** (APRIL ?) 5th United States Artillery / Battery A
** (MARCH 17?) 1st New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battalion
* ENGINEER DIVISION
** Volunteers
*** (MARCH 17) 15th New York Engineers
*** (MARCH 17) 50th New York Engineers
** Regulars
*** (April ?) 1st United States Engineer Battalion
** Artillery Siege Train
*** (MARCH 17) 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery 
* INFANTRY DIVISION
** Regulars
*** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 3rd United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 4th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 6th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 10th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 11th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 12th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 14th United States Infantry
*** (MARCH 17) 17th United States Infantry
*** (APRIL 11) (II) 5th New York Infantry
=== Other Troops from the Department of the Potomac ===
* Unattached
** (MARCH 17) 1st New York Cavalry
** 2nd New York Cavalry
** 4th New York Cavalry
** 2nd United States sharpshooters
* 1st Corps
** 1ST DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (APRIL 17) (II) 1st New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 17) (II) 2nd New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 17) (II) 3rd New Jersey Infantry
**** (APRIL 17) (II) 4th New Jersey Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (APRIL 22) 16th New York Infantry
**** 27th New York Infantry
**** (APRIL 22) 5th Maine Infantry
**** (APRIL 22) 96th Pennsylvania Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (APRIL 22) 18th New York Infantry
**** (APRIL 22) 32nd New York Infantry
**** (APRIL 22) 31st New York Infantry
**** (MARCH 25) 95th Pennsylvania Infantry
*** Artillery
**** (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery D
**** (MARCH 17) 1st Massachusetts Light Artillery Battery
**** (APRIL 17) 1st New Jersey Light Artillery Battery ("Battery A")
**** 1st New York Light Artillery / Battery F
** 2ND DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
**** (JUNE ?) 1st Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 2nd Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 5th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 8th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
*** 2nd Brigade
**** (JUNE ?) 3rd Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 4th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry
**** (JUNE ?) 11th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE 11) 7th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
*** 3rd Brigade
**** (JUNE ?) 6th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 9th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 10th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
**** (JUNE ?) 12th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
*** Skirmishers
**** (JUNE ?) 13th Pennsylvania (Reserve) Infantry 
*** Artillery
* (JUNE ?) 5th United States Artillery / Battery C 
* (JUNE ?) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery A 
* (JUNE 13) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery B
* (JUNE ?) 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery / Battery G 
** 3RD DIVISIONAppears to not actually be part of the campaign, ignore when full pages are finished
*** 1st Brigade
**** 84th New York Infantry
**** 22nd New York Infantry
**** 24th New York Infantry
**** 30th New York Infantry
*** 2nd Brigade
**** 80th New York Infantry
**** 21st New York Infantry
**** 23rd New York Infantry
**** 35th New York Infantry
*** 3rd Brigade
**** 2nd Wisconsin Infantry
**** 6th Wisconsin Infantry
**** 7th Wisconsin Infantry
**** 19th Indiana Infantry
*** 4th Brigade
**** 4th United States Artillery / Battery B
**** 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery / Battery D
**** New Hampshire Artillery / Battery A
**** Pennsylvania Independent Artillery / Battery D
* 5th Corps
** 1ST DIVISION
*** 1st Brigade
=== March ===
* (MARCH 17) McClellan Dragoons
* (MARCH 17?) Sturgis Rifles
* (MARCH 17) 9th New York Cavalry
* (MARCH 17) Oneida (Independent) Cavalry Company
* (MARCH 17?) 2nd New York Light Artillery Battalion - Unit was not listed on any Dyer summary for any of these battles
* (MARCH 17) 5th New York (Independent) Light Artillery Battery
* (MARCH 17?) 4th United States Cavalry
* (MARCH 17) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery M
* (MARCH 17) 8th United States Infantry
* (MARCH 26) 82nd Pennsylvania Infantry
=== April ===
* (APRIL ?) 2nd United States Cavalry
* (APRIL ?) 4th United States Cavalry
* (APRIL ?) 2nd United States Artillery / Battery L
** (APRIL 1) 1st Massachusetts Sharpshooter Company
* (APRIL 1) 34th New York Infantry
* (APRIL 1) 106th Pennsylvania Infantry
* (APRIL 22) 95th Pennsylvania Infantry
=== May ===
* (MAY ?) 7th New York Infantry
* (MAY 8?) 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry
=== June ===
* (JUNE ?) 2nd Delaware Infantry 
* (JUNE ?) 1st Maryland Light Artillery / Battery A (U) 
* (JUNE ?) (II) 1st Michigan Infantry 
* (JUNE ?) 101st New York Infantry 
* (JUNE 5) 1st New York Infantry
* (JUNE 5) 2nd New York Infantry
* (JUNE 7?) 10th New York Infantry
* (JUNE 8) 20th Indiana Infantry
* (JUNE 8) (II) 20th New York Infantry
* (JUNE 13) 16th Massachusetts Infantry
* (JUNE 13) 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry
=== July ===
=== August ===
=== ??? ===
* 12th Illinois Cavalry - either not part of this campaign at all (included by error), or limited participated
* 29th Massachusetts Infantry - Seems to have been in the area, never "officially" joined campaign but is in most battles
* Oneida (Independent) Cavalry Company - Limited participation - Dyer lists them as part of several operations but they were mostly on Guard Duty at headquarters AOP
* 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry - Limited participation - rear/guard duties
== Casualties ==
== Sources ==
* (Pages 640, )
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
N