Marauders

Marauders is a semi-fannish term for the group of four friends in Harry Potter's parents' generation: James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, and Peter Pettigrew. The name "Marauders" comes from a magical map that Harry is given in the third book -- "Marauder's Map" -- that was made by the four friends, though they are never referred to in canon as "The Marauders", save for an off-hand mention by Ron Weasley.
Marauders Era generally refers to the school years of James, Sirius, Remus, and Peter, but can extend to other characters present during this time. These characters can include Lily Evans, Severus Snape, Regulus Black, Frank and Alice Longbottom, and other soon-to-be members of The Order of the Phoenix, or budding Death Eaters. 
== Fandom ==
The Marauders fandom can be thought of primarily in two waves- the original wave originating with the publication of Prisoner of Azkaban in 1999 followed by the newer wave of fans in the 2020s propelled by MaraudersTok and popular fanworks such as All The Young Dudes. 
=== Phase 1: 1999-2019 ===
The Marauders fandom can be traced back to the release of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in 1999. Not only did this book establish important lore regarding Harry's deceased parents, James Potter and Lily Evans Potter, it introduced the Potters' friends Sirius Black and Remus Lupin (along with another friend Peter Pettigrew, who ended up betraying the Potters, leading to their deaths). Fans quickly began to ship Sirius and Remus, with the pairing being dubbed as Wolfstar. 
The Remus/Sirius shippers suffered a series of blows following the third book, including Sirius' death, and Remus' relationship with Tonks. As a consequence, the original Marauders fandom was at its height during the Three Year Summer and dropped noticeably with the release of each new book.
===== Fanfiction =====
Stories set during the school days of the Marauders are often labeled Marauders Era, simply Marauders, or MWPP, an abbreviation for the characters' nicknames: Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot, and Prongs. Some segments of the Harry Potter fandom are devoted to Marauders-era fanworks or to the parent generation in general. The most popular examples of the genre are the Shoebox Project, a serial fic recounting the entirety of the Marauders' school years and some time after, and The Life and Times, which recounts the Marauders' sixth and seventh years. Other times, a character from the next generation - generally Harry Potter or Hermione Granger - goes back in time via a Time Turner either by accident or on purpose. Sometimes they end up affecting the future, other times it doesn't change what happens and ultimately stays the same other than the characters remembering whoever went back in time.
By far the most popular pairings this stage of the fandom were Remus/Sirius and James/Lily, though all possible pairings (and threesomes, foursomes, and moresomes) were also explored. In Time Turner stories set in the Marauders Era, the most common additional pairings are Hermione/Remus and Hermione/Sirius, with rarer ones such as Remus/Hermione/Sirius and Hermione/James
The Marauders inspired a lot of fanfiction, and while The Shoebox Project is one of the most known and praised from this era, there is also a large subset of non-magical alternate universe fics. Long Live Living (If Living Can Be This) by Excaliburned is one of the better known non-magic AUs, detailing the boys' final summer before heading off to university. Putting the Marauders into non-magical settings has lead to many different variations on their given limitations and canon parallels, such as Remus being given a disease, and Sirius being from an abusive household. However, as with all fandoms, most AU fics just want everyone to be happy and not dead. 
It is also interesting to note that many Marauders fanfic authors have a habit of odd capitalization, using it for emphasis. This most probably stems from earlier fanfiction sites, where bolding and italicizing were not possible or were tedious to implement. It is not to be confused with CAPSLOCK, but rather sentences are typed Like This for Some Reason, or another. Despite the fact that text editing is common on every platform now, many authors still continue to capitalize for emphasis in addition to using bold and italic font decorations. This possibly has declined with the advent of the second phase of the fandom in the 2020s. 
=== Phase 2: 2020-present ===
The early 2020s saw a strong resurgence in Remus/Sirius fics, such as the popular All the Young Dudes. Written by MsKingBean89, this fic was originally published on AO3 between March 2017 and November of 2018. While initially well-received and winning several awards, the fanfiction experienced a drastic explosion in popularity in late 2020.https://slate.com/culture/2021/11/all-the-young-dudes-harry-potter-fanfic-wolfstar-tiktok.html This renaissance of the fandom drew in many new members of the community who sought not only to distance themselves from Rowling and the canon material in the wake of Rowling's controversial rhetoric regarding transgender people, but to introduce more diversity into the story.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/557000-word-woke-harry-potter-fanfic-took-jk-rowling/https://sunshinemarauders.tumblr.com/post/718028131103129600/i-really-believe-that-jk-rowlings-anti-transhttps://sunshinemarauders.tumblr.com/post/718028539772944384/racebending-in-the-harry-potter-fandom
The Marauders fandom is particularly popular on TikTok and some of the now widespread fanon can be traced back to TikTok videos. Cosplay, edits (sometimes using clips of actors from other shows), fanart, and discussions of fanworks are all frequent within the marauders tag. The fanwork All The Young Dudes being discussed on TikTok seems to have been one key aspect in the fandom growing on the platform (see also: MaraudersTok). 
While Remus/Sirius and James/Lily remain popular, the 2020s have seen the rise of the ship of James/Regulus, which has quickly joined the two previously mentioned ships as one of the fandom's juggernauts. 
====Ship names====
With the rise of the Phase 2 era of the Marauders fandom, the use of pairing names consisting of two nouns began to become popular. This technically started way back when with "Wolfstar", but didn't catch on with other pairings in the fandom. From 2020 on, they exploded. Examples of the names include Rosekiller (Evan Rosier/Barty Crouch Jr.), Starseeker (Regulus Black/James Potter) and Moonflower (Remus Lupin/Lily Evans). For more, see List of Harry Potter Relationship Names. The name elements aren't always intuitive, and the same word can be ambiguous between multiple characters.
*Regulus Black — seeker (he was a Quidditch seeker), water (he drowned), star (Regulus is a star in the constellation "Leo")
*Sirius Black — star (Sirius is the brightest star in the sky), dog (his animagus form)
*Barty Crouch Jr. — killer (he murdered his father)
*Lily Evans — flower (lily is a type of flower)
*Bellatrix Lestrange — killer (she murdered Sirius)
*Pandora Lovegood — myth (from the myth of Pandora's box)
*Remus Lupin — wolf (he's a werewolf), moon (importance of the moon in the werewolf mythology)
*Mary Macdonald — bitter (because mar, מַר is Hebrew for bitter, a possible etymology of the name), rebel (unsure? possibly related to her being Muggleborn?), lion (she was a Gryffindor)
*James Potter — often sun (this seems to come from the fanon characterisation as cheerful?), chaser (he was a Quidditch chaser in the books), prongs (his nickname at school), stag (his animagus form)
*Evan Rosier — rose (a shortening of his surname)
*Rita Skeeter — quill (she's a journalist)
*Severus Snape — prince (his mother's maiden name)
*Narcissa Malfoy -- flower (shares her name with a flower)
*Alice Longbottom -- noble (the etymology of the name Alice is "noble, exahlted")
=== Fannish Continuity ===
Although the Marauders fandom can be divided into two distinct phases, several trends are present throughout the history of the fandom. For instance, the near-universal popularity of Remus/Sirius has remained a cornerstone of the fandom. 
Generally, Marauders fanfiction tends to portray a few key scenes that are attested in canon: Remus Lupin nearly killing Snape in the tunnel beneath the Whomping Willow (an incident commonly known as The Prank), the Marauders' discovery that Remus was a werewolf, and Remus' discovery of their Animagus forms. Much of the fanfiction written contains character bashing of Peter Pettigrew, to the point where authors often assure readers that their fic contains no Peter hate. Consequently, many fics also do not feature much of Peter, regulating him to a side character that is often absent with little to no explanation. Peter also very rarely features in ships, often either being paired with an OC or just never involved in romantic relationships. 
==Character Tropes==
Many common character tropes/fanon have been assigned to each of the Marauders, though sometimes these tropes have no basis in canon, or were only ever loosely connected to canon information. There is, as with any fandom, those that go against the grain and do not employ these tropes, but their prevalence is noteworthy:
In Prisoner of Azkaban, Remus gives chocolate to Harry to ward off the effects of the Dementors, and fandom generally agreed that Remus must have a chocolate addiction. This is seen in many fanfics, where out of nerves and stress, Remus reaches for a chocolate bar; he is also gifted many boxes of chocolates for the holidays from the other Marauders. Remus is also constantly in the library, despite also being hailed as a genius, and generally is seen as the wet-blanket of the group. Though canon backs the opposite: as a prefect, Remus more or less refused to control his friends, and while James and Sirius were praised with natural ability and intelligence, Remus never was.
Sirius has been given the trope of "hyper-active child", despite the fact that in canon he is generally described as cool and collected (sans heated moments of anger or passion). This has more to do with the fact that Sirius' Animagus form is that of a large dog, and many fans attribute the characteristics of a puppy to Sirius. It makes for a lot of fics where Sirius cannot sit still for more than five seconds, is constantly seeking physical affection from anyone willing to give it, and generally has no understanding of personal space. 
James is often viewed as love-sick and heart-broken, continually pining over Lily Evans. In many parts of the fandom, James is seen to be constantly asking Lily to date him, and nearly always bullying Snape out of some sort of jealousy over he and Lily's friendship. There is no canon information to support the idea that James harangued Lily, or bullied Snape out of jealousy, but the trope has stuck for many years. It is especially common among Snape fans to believe that James relentlessly bullied Snape, whereas it is more likely that Snape and James were equal rivals. 
Peter is most often seen as a bumbling idiot that couldn't tie his own shoe laces, were it not for the other Marauders looking after him. This idea came about because Peter is seen as cowering and subservient to Voldemort in PoA and post-PoA canon, and general fandom took those attributes and applied them to the Marauders dynamic. There is no canon information about how Peter was treated within the Marauders, but given the canon information we do have it is unlikely that he was any sort of bumbling or incapable. Noting the fact that Sirius deems it wise to make Peter the secret keeper over himself, it is clear that Peter had high standing amongst his friends.
==Headcanons== 
===Race===
While in the movies each of the Marauders is portrayed as white, there is a subset of the fandom that rebels against this greatly. In the books there is no information on any of the Marauders' races, and so this subset of fandom has taken that and run with it. The most common races applied to James are Black-British, or Indian-British. Sirius does not have a common race acceptance, though many view him as Chinese-British, or a variant of Asian-British. Remus and Peter both do not have widespread non-white headcanons, though this is something many are working to change. 
===Sexuality and Gender=== 
As with those that view the marauders as non-white, there are also those that view them as queer. Many different headcanons for these variants abound, and it's impossible to name the most common or widely accepted. It is noteworthy that most of those that apply queer headcanons to the Marauders are queer themselves, and this offers a form of representation not seen in the media. Because there is so little canon information on the Marauders, it is easy to adapt headcanons that offer more representation than just "straight cis dudes." 
''
It is important to note, as with the race headcanons, that these are only subsets of the larger Marauder fandom, and many do not participate in race, gender, or sexuality exploration and debate of the Marauders. Despite a lack of canon evidence that any of the Marauders are straight, white, or cis, many fans feel that if it is not explicitly stated then it is not likely that the Marauders deviate from those three attributes. 
''
==Example Fanworks==
* Severus Snape and the Marauders - a fan film that takes place directly after the Marauders' graduation from Hogwarts
* The Shoebox Project (2004)
* The Life and Times (2009)
* All the Young Dudes (2017)
=== Doujinshi ===
* Pledge (2001) (gen with minor James x Lily)
* Ryuuseigun (2001)
* The Silver Apples of the Moon the Golden Apples of the Sun (2001) (Remus-centric with minor Remus x Sirius)
* Pleiades 0.5 (2002) (gen with minor Remus x Sirius)
* Vector (2002) (gen with implied Snarry and Remus x Snape)
* Candy Pot (2003)
* Seiketsu to Buzama (2003) (gen with minor Remus x Sirius)
* Stand by Me (2000s, date unknown)
=== Meta ===
* The Queer Utopia of the Marauders Fandom, a video essay by Brynn McKenna (7 Dec 2022)
* an incomplete timeline of the marauders fandom, a handy chronology posted by superpineappleenthusiast (6 Aug 2023)
* a deep dive into the marauders fandom, a Youtube video by uncarley
*The Marauders Era Fandom Deep Dive by coffeekoe
*Sahara and Teagan's Guide to the Marauders Era by Teagan and Sahara
=== Edits and Fanvids ===
* Edit by myuuny on TikTok
==Archives & Links==
* Marauders Era works on Ao3
==References==
Category:Harry Potter Tropes & GenresCategory:Harry Potter Fandom GlossaryCategory:Harry Potter CharactersCategory:Gen Relationships