nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Female hysteria

Female hysteria, or simply hysteria, is the designation for a malady presenting an extraordinary and shifting range of physical and psychological symptoms. The name comes from the Greek word for uterus (hence "hysterectomy"). Hysteria was originally thought a disease of women brought on by the migration of the uterus. When it was later determined that the uterus was a non-migratory organ, physicians and other learned men concluded that hysteria was the perfect default diagnosis for whatever was troubling their female patients. In time, suspicion grew that hysteria might be iatrogenic – a conceptually constructed disease contracted via the interaction between physicians and patients.
==Origin==
The diagnosis dates back to the ancient Egyptians and the cause of the "disease" changed many times throughout its history.
*The first known record of hysteria as the movement of the uterus causing various mental and physical problems dates back to circa 1990 BCE in Egypt. Both Plato and Hippocrates repeated this assertion.
*Galen, living in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, believed it to be caused by the stoppage of vaginal fluids resulting from a lack of intercourse.
*In Christian Medieval Europe, hysteria was thought to be the result of demonic possession.
*A number of physicians in Renaissance and early modern Europe claimed it was a neurological disorder.
The accepted treatment was more sex, or "pelvic massages" by a midwife if the woman was unmarried.
==Victorian era==
The diagnosis of hysteria became quite common during the Victorian era as nearly any symptoms — headaches, nausea, dizziness, etc. — were considered to be evidence of the "illness". Some physicians estimated as many as a quarter of all women were afflicted with hysteria. Common treatments included the manual stimulation, hydrotherapy (shooting a jet of water at the vagina), or the use of dildos. Electric-powered vibrators were patented in the 1870s for use in doctors' offices to make it easier for women to reach the state of "hysterical paroxysm," i.e. orgasm. Vibrators soon came to be sold in retail catalogs so women could perform their own, er, "medical" treatments.
==The 20th century==
As medical diagnosis became more scientific, the symptoms of hysteria were narrowed and diagnoses dropped off over the first half of the 20th century until the diagnosis disappeared. Furthermore, the aftermath of World War I witnessed a surge in cases similar to hysteria among men, an illness that was then called "shell shock" or "male hysteria" and is now known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Tucker, Abigail. "History of the Hysterical Man." Smithsonian.com, 5 January 2009. Sadly, these cases could not be cured with a vibrator.
==External links==
*Illis, LS. Hysteria. Spinal Cord (2002) 40, 311-312 doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101327
*Batteries Not Included: A social history of the vibrator by Sarah Boxer
*Technology of Orgasm
==See also==
*Sex toys
*Drapetomania
==References==
Category:Medicine
Category:Mental health
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Sexism
Category:Sexuality
Category:Mental health woo
Fereydoon Batmanghelidj

Fereydoon Batmanghelidj was an Iranian-born doctor, alternative medicine promoter, and HIV/AIDS denialist. He claimed that the true cause of many diseases is dehydration, and that many diseases can be cured simply by drinking large amounts of water. The Amazon reviews for his books include many anecdotes supposedly demonstrating this, involving diseases from asthma to heart disease. Unsurprisingly, drinking lots of water failed to prevent his own death from pneumonia-related complications.
His daughter was , founder of the children's charity "Kids Company". Her philosophy was described as reactionary and pseudoscientific.Beresford, Peter. How did Kids Company get so far away from those it was meant to help? The Guardian. August 3, 2015.
==External links==
*The Water Cure, Science-Based Medicine
*Some notes on Dr. Batmanghelidj's Silly "Water Cure", Quackwatch
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Category:Denialists
Category:Iranians
Category:Physicians
Category:Water woo
Fibonacci sequence

The Fibonacci sequence is:
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,\ldotsFibonacci Sequence, Math Is Fun
==Calculating==
Each term is obtained by adding the two previous terms (after the arbitrary start of 0,1). The 0 at the beginning is sometimes omitted. It is named after the 13th century Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, also called Fibonacci, though it is known to have been studied in India much earlier. It is a favorite topic of mathematical hobbyists, as well as professional mathematical study.Fibonacci Sequence Formula: How to Find Fibonacci Numbers, MasterClass, November 8, 2020
It is represented mathematically by stating that the n-th term is given by,
\begin{cases}a_0=0,a_1=1\\a_n=a_{n-1}+a_{n-2}&n\ge2\end{cases}
===Golden ratio===
The ratio of sequential terms converges to the golden ratio of roughly 1.6.The Golden Ratio, National Geographic Or more formally,
\lim_{n\to\infty}\left|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right|=\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}=\varphi
==Trivia==
In its early days, RationalWiki theoretically used the Fibonacci sequence to determine the next block interval for ne'er-do-wells, starting at one minute, one hour, or one day, depending on how well they did ne'er. RationalWiki dropped this because some admins are dyscalculic and we felt this discriminated against them.
The sequence is also a fairly good approximation of the conversion between miles and kilometres. Take two consecutive numbers and the lower will be miles and the higher will be kilometres. Although it is less accurate at the start as 1 mile to 1 km is a very rough conversion. However, by the time it gets to 13 and 21 it is pretty accurate as 13 miles is 20.92 km (correct to one significant figure).This is a fancy way of saying that the conversion between kilometres and miles is close to the golden ratio, φ, mentioned above. 1 mile=1.60934 km, while φ=1.61803. This is only about 0.5% out, which proves the metric system is an Illuminati conspiracy.
==Fibonacci gallery==
File:Fibonacci cat.jpg|In a Fibonacci spiral, you start with a rectangle partitioned into 2 squares and then in each step add to the rectangle's longest side a square of the same length.
File:Donald Trump Fibonacci spiral.jpg|The Fibonacci spiral is visible all the way from the YUUUGE, down to the very tiny hands.
==See also==
*Fun:Fibonacci to the 1000th iteration - warning, large article, but really cool in a geek sort of way.
==External links==
*The Fibonacci Sequence entry at the OEIS - A000045
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Mathematics
Category:Numbers
Fideism

Fideism, a term used by both Martin GardnerGardner, Martin (1999) The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener, St. Martin’s Press, p. 206 and by some apologists, such as Alvin Plantinga,Cf. Plantinga, Alvin, 1983. “Reason and Belief in God,” in Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff (eds.), Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. is the position that faith supersedes the operation of reason, i.e., it's when someone chooses to believe in a god or gods because it is comforting, not because there is evidence. It is a form of special pleading that places the theist's belief outside rational modes of inquiry.
Many theists have frequent recourse to this position (for example, when presented with an argument against God or Gods they cannot personally refute, they respond with, "nevertheless, my salary psycho-socially constructed worldview faith still obliges me to believe in God(s) in the absence of evidence"), but some go so far as to hold it as a consistent position: the existence of God(s) is not an objective fact, but one is still obliged to believe he/she/it/they exists. Most respectable theologians disapprove of fideism in principle, holding that it is possible to objectively prove that God exists.
Fideism should not be confused with transcendentalism, a largely 19th century movement that held that intuition "transcends" the doctrines of the establishment as well as the results of rational enquiry.
==See also==
*Presuppositionalism
*Sola fide
*Special pleading
*William Lane Craig
==External links==
*Fideism at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
==References==
Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics
Category:Philosophy
Category:Paradigms of religion
Category:Religion
Category:Science and religion
Fifth Amendment

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution reads:
==Parsing the Fifth Amendment==
*Grand Jury (for capital crimes, consisting of 16-23 members)
*No Double Jeopardy (being tried twice for the same crime)
*Right to Silence (freedom from self-incrimination)
*Due Process (no arbitrary punishment without a fair trial) — 
In US law, the vagueness doctrine states that criminal law must not be vague and must explicitly define the conduct that is punishable. The vagueness doctrine is based on the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.vagueness doctrine Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
*Just compensation (for land seized by the government for eminent domain purposes)
==Consequences==
While pleading the Fifth in criminal cases can be advantageous to avoid self-incrimination, it is much less likely to be advantageous in civil cases because the judge may allow the jury to draw an inferences of guilt in civil cases.What happens if you take the Fifth in a civil case? by Eugene Volokh (August 28, 2015 at 9:07 a.m. EDT) The Washington Post. It is for this reason that pleading the Fifth "in a civil case in federal court is never helpful, is rarely harmless, and is typically very damaging — indeed, it’s often fatal to the party’s claims or defenses."Pleading The Fifth Amendment And Adverse Inferences In Civil Litigation by Max Kennerly (June 12, 20190 Litigation & Trial. Some states have more stringent standards than federal courts that do not allow drawing negative inference in civil cases either. But even in criminal cases, pleading the Fifth can be disadvantageous because the witness cannot subsequently provide testimony on the same subject in support of their case.
==References==
Fifth column

Fifth column is a term coined during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) to designate a group within a population who are working to overthrow or disrupt the existing system — though the activity has been in existence for much longer. It is sometimes attributed to General though the origins of the term are disputed.
In some contexts, the term is used against groups who are exercising cultural and other affinities with groups outside the state but who are not actually attempting to overthrow the regime. Many xenophobic conspiracy theories center around some racial, ethnic, or religious group working to undermine glorious civilization.
In modern usage, it is often use as a pejorative to refer to politicians and public figures who align themselves with foreign interests — either discreetly or openly. Examples include British sometime-politician/blowhard Nigel Farage,Brexit: Nigel Farage is a 'fifth columnist' Putin cheerleader, says Guy Verhofstadt, Independent, June 2018 who contributes extensively to Russian propaganda channels like Fox News and Russia Today. Alex Jones, Fox NewsAmerica now has its own 'Fifth Column,' and its name is Fox News, Daily Kos, Feb 2022This Is What A Fifth Column Looks Like, Above The Law, Feb 2022 and single-term US President Donald TrumpDonald Trump. Putin’s 5th Column? have also been referred to as Fifth Columns.
There may be overlap between alleged fifth columnists and useful idiots.
==Various related terms and topics==
*International Jewish conspiracy theories
*Anti-Catholicism
*"Race war" and genocide conspiracy theories
*"Eurabia" or "creeping Sharia"
*Yellow Peril
*The Great Replacement
Category:Discrimination
Category:Political terms
Category:Conspiracy theories
Finding Bigfoot

Trying to Find Finding Bigfoot is a crappy TV series that aired on Animal Planet that revolves around a number of ghostbuster wannabes well educated investigators who quest out to find photographic evidence for the mythical Bigfoot creature, turning up empty-handed each and every time without exception. Every episode is thus what is known as a shaggy dog story (or shaggy apeman).
The series has run for way too many nine seasons from 2011 to 2017, with a one-off finale airing in May 2018.
==Cast==
* Matt Moneymaker (yes that's his actual name): founder and president of the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization. Yes, someone made an entire organization out of Bigfoot.
* Cliff Barackman: the man whose job it is to pull evidence directly out of his ass where there is none evidence analyst of the group.
* James "Bobo" Fay: The "field caller" who, like Cliff, has wasted too many years of his life looking for Bigfoot that he will never get back.
* Ranae Holland: The vindicated "skeptical" member of the team who does not believe in Bigfoot, which leads one to ask why she'd even be on a Bigfoot TV show in the first place.
==Premise (short version)==
The team ventures out to find Bigfoot: each time, they fail.
===Premise (less short version)===
The Finding Bigfoot team drives out to some location where a "witness" saw or heard Bigfoot. From that "evidence", the team commences their multi-night "investigation", which often concludes with an elaborate plan to try and attract Bigfoot, usually involving noise or light, by using boats on a lake, or silent electric ATVs. They also do wood knocks, which mimics the bigfoot's supposed communication. Night-vision technology and forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras are used to document these "investigations".
Starting with the second season, locals from around the filming area are invited to come and share their Bigfoot encounter stories, likely to fill any remaining time-slot space.
===Series finale (MAJOR SPOILERS BELOW!)===
Having finally given up trying to find Bigfoot, the 100th and final episode of Finding Bigfoot aired on May 27th, 2018.
The team never found Bigfoot.
==Reception==
Depressingly, the show was an instant hit for the Animal Planet, thanks to a large population of extremely gullible viewers.http://www.thefutoncritic.com/ratings/2012/03/13/animal-planet-squatches-viewership-with-finding-bigfoot-ratings-401412/20120313animalplanet01/ Despite this, the show has received substantial criticism for obvious reasons, including the fact that any Bigfoot footage would have been leaked long before any episode would have even aired,https://www.huffpost.com/entry/finding-bigfoot-team-still-hunting_n_7772990 not that this sort of thinking stops viewers from flocking to the show, of course.
==See also==
*Ghost hunting TV shows
*Schlockumentary
==External links==
*Finding Bigfoot on IMDb.
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Cryptozoology
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Television programmes
Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution

Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution is a book written in 1999 by Kenneth R. Miller, a professor of biology at Brown University. The book argues for the concept of theistic evolution.
==Overview==
Miller is a cellular biologist and Roman Catholic. The central claim of his book is that naturalistic evolution does not have to contradict Christian dogma. The book also gives a detailed criticism and rejection of creationism and intelligent design.
==Reception==
The book has received mixed reviews from the scientific community. Some scientists have written that it is too pro-religion.Ying and Yang of Kenneth Miller Others, however, have given the book mixed to positive reviews for its attempt to demonstrate that religion and science do not have to be incompatible.A Review of Miller’s “Finding Darwin’s GodFinding Darwin's God Reviewed by Henry E. NeufeldFinding Darwin's God by Dr. William Thwaites
==See also==
*Random Designer: Created from Chaos to Connect with the Creator
*Can You Believe in God and Evolution?: A Guide for the Perplexed
*Non-overlapping magisteria
==References==
Category:Christianity
Category:Religious books
Category:Theistic evolution
Fine print

Fine print is any print that is made to be noticeably inconspicuous with the primary intent to deceive. It's a kind of bullshit primarily used in advertising or contract law.
Fine print is usually the result of a legal technicality — a requirement for full disclosure, but few/no restrictions on the manner (typeface, size, color, etc.) of disclosure. In television, fine print is often neutralized with pleasant background images or music, and may be shown only very briefly, or in an inconspicuous color. The radio equivalent of fine print is "fast talking" — fine print read aloud and artificially sped up by computer. Fine print is ubiquitous, and research suggests that most consumers do not read it.Who Reads The Fine Print Online? Less Than One Person In 1000Do You Read Terms Of Service Contracts? Not Many Do, Research Shows Many offers, advertised in large print, expire very quickly, or only apply when certain conditions in the fine print are met; in many cases, these conditions are difficult or nearly impossible to meet. Fine print may even simply say the opposite of what the larger print says. Excessive fine print is a hallmark of quackery, pseudoscience, and scams, and a practice that in extreme cases constitutes consumer fraud.Enticing Ad, Little Cash and Then a Lot of Regret The Quack Miranda Warning is an example of fine print that has become standardized due to case law.
==References==
Category:Law
Category:Media
Category:Advertising
Category:Deceit
Category:Scams
Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House

Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House () is a book by detailing the campaign for and the first year of the Donald Trump presidency. Originally scheduled to be released on January 9, 2018 (later rescheduled to January 5), it was propelled into the spotlight after Trump's lawyers sent cease-and-desist messages to its publisher Henry Holt and Company asking them to halt its publication. Following the pre-publication revelation that Steve Bannon regarded the the book went to the number-one spot on Amazon's Best-Selling Books list on January 3, 2018.Stelter, Brian, Michael Wolff's Trump book hits #1 on Amazon, publisher speeds up rollout plan, CNN Money, 4 January 2018Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House Amazon.com (archived from January 3, 2018).
Although in the past Wolff has been accused of "not just recreating scenes in his books and columns, but of creating them wholesale",Michael Wolff tells a juicy tale in his new Trump book. But should we believe it? by Paul Farhi (January 3, 2017) The Washington Post. there is reason to believe there are truths to be found within the book:Michael Wolff’s book explosive book confirms an alarming truth about Trump by Greg Sargent (January 4, 2017 at 10:06 AM) The Washington Post. 1) his unprecedented eighteen-month "fly-on-the-wall" access,How author Michael Wolff got his 'fly-on-the-wall' access to the Trump White House by Gregory Korte (Published 4:58 p.m. ET Jan. 4, 2018 | Updated 6:47 p.m. ET Jan. 4, 2018) USA Today. 2) his access to hours of tapes from the White House,Scoop: Wolff taped interviews with Bannon, top officials by Mike Allen (January 4, 2018) Axios. 3) the swift non-denial denial and outrage from Trump.Steve Bannon 'Lost His Mind,' Trump Says In Response To Critical Quotes by Bill Chappell (January 3, 201811:02 AM ET) The Two-Way: NPR. 4) Bannon, who made some of the most damning comments in the book, has not disputed them.And the Trumpie goes to… by Dana Milbank (January 5 at 7:48 PM) The Washington Post.
== Title ==
The title of the book is a reference to a bizarre statement made by Trump regarding his plans on dealing with the North Korean nuclear crisis, in which he said "[North Korea] will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen".Zeleny, Jeff, Merica, Dan, and Liptak, Kevin, Trump's 'fire and fury' remark was improvised but familiar, CNN Politics, 9 August 2017.
== References ==
Category:Trumpism
Category:Books
Category:Politics
Fire therapy

Fire therapy is a therapy promulgated by among others, Zhang Fenghao in Beijing, that even shocks and amuses practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine. It involves applying herbal paste to the affected area, covering it with a towel, pouring water and rubbing alcohol on top of that, and then lighting the whole shebang on fire. Subjects report that it is not painful, but Zhang admits that there have been injuries and burns due to a "lack of standards". Proponents claim that it cures everything from gas to cancer.Burn, patient, burn: medical inferno in China
Fire therapy is not to be confused with the practice of cupping, which is a form of traditional Chinese medicine that involves using fire to heat glass cups in order to create suction on the victim's skin.
==References==
==See also==
*Panacea
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Orientalist woo
Firmament

"Firmament" is the most common English translation of the Hebrew word raqiaà, as used in the Bible.In the Bible, raqiaà is used to mean "that which is hammered, beaten out." In, for example, "its verbal cognate raqa' ("stamp, beat, spread out") is used of hammering metal into thin plates." The idea that the sky was hammered out is "consonant with both Egyptian and Sumerian views of the sky." The Firmament is a vast, solidThe Firmament and the Water Above Part I: The Meaning of raqiaà in Gen 1:6-8 plate/dome/sphere upon which God affixed the stars.<bible book=Genesis chapter=1 verse1=16 verse2=17/> It separates the Earth from the waters of Heaven, but has floodgates for when God feels like letting it rain, or simply killing people.
Elsewhere in the Bible, the Firmament is compared to a tent. It is made of a metallic, reflective or crystalline substance.
The early model of the Universe had a flat Earth with a flat sky held up with pillars, much like post and lintel construction. After dome construction was invented, it became obvious that God had used the best construction method and earth was flat with a domed sky. Plato showed that Earth was a sphere and proposed seven crystal spheres holding the heavenly bodies giving us seven heavens. The Bible uses all models without noting their incompatibilities.
This shows that the writers of the Bible believed that the sky was a literal solid; thus, creationists have tried to come up with various excuses.The Waters Above: Earth's Pre-Flood Vapor Canopy by Joseph C. Dillow (1982) Moody Press. . Kent Hovind He Who Must Not Be Named claims that the firmament was a shell of solid ice which completely covered the Earth before the Great Flood.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY0rj-TEx4o
Of course, rational people know that this is bullshit. The simple theory of gravity would send any such canopy crashing to the ground but of course, gravity is just a theory. Reasonable Jews, Christians, and Muslims assume it is one of the allegorical parts of the Bible, or recognize it for what it is, a pre-scientific attempt to explain part of the world (much like earthquakes or lightning).
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Creationist claims
Category:Old Testament
Category:Bible analysis