Energy Storage in Oregon

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Energy storage is often a problem with renewables. Utility power is designed to meet peak demand. Dams can store water and run 24/7, while coal and gas fired power plants can kick on to meet peak demand - but the sun and wind are not predictable. 
 
The power system requires that generation of electricity perfectly matches the amount consumed at all times but wind farms can create excess power, causing waste or environmental impact or no power when you need it most. 
Portland General Electric in the next two years plans to install batteries from Ener1 to supply enough juice to power 400 homes in Salem for about an hour. 
PGE opened their Salem Smart Power Center in May, 2013. The center is designed to test storage and integration of variable renewable energy sources like solar and wind into the electrical grid. The Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project, managed by Battle, worked with PGE and EnerDel to outfit the center with their 5-megawatt, lithium-ion battery system, and Eaton to provide engineering expertise. 
AES Energy Storage, a Virginia-based subsidiary of the $17 billion global power giant, intends to offer utility-scale battery storage to Portland General Electric to help the utility bridge resource gaps and incorporate more renewable energy into its mix.
The utility is looking for approximately 200 MW of year-round flexible capacity to maintain reliability during peak demand and address the spikes and dives of wind, solar and other renewable energy. The utility is also looking for 150 MW that can peak in winter and 200 MW that can peak in both summer and winter. 
What AES is proposing in an RFP is probably 200 MW of battery-based storage that would be an alternative to building a new gas-fired plant, which is the typical way that a utility will need to meet energy capacity needs,” said Praveen Kathpal, who leads Northwest development for AES Energy Storage. 
Their sealed lithium-ion batteries, originally designed for buses, fill rows of 53-foot long shipping containers. Its first energy storage project, a 32-megawatt system is linked to a 98-megawatt West Virginia wind farm.
Energy can be stored locally (using batteries), but utility companies are looking into large scale storage alternatives such as underground storage of pressurized air, flywheels, or other techniques.
The Bonneville Power Administration's Technology Innovation Office conducts an annual funding opportunity requesting proposals that advance technologies/capabilities. 
Wind generation on the BPA grid and in the NW is reaching levels that have not been experienced before, says the BPA. They may have 6,000 MW on the BPA grid and will have more than 7,000 MW in the NW by 2013. 
At these levels, wind generation could become more than 60-80% of the load at certain times. Voltage control and reactive support for the wind fleet will need to provide the same level of reliability as the traditional resources, especially at these times. They also need to have systems in place to recover from system disturbances, including frequency recovery. 
BendBroadband's Oregon collocation facility is one of the only collocation data centers in the nation that is dedicated to sustainable energy use. The Vault operates at a PUE of less than 1.2 by using two 450-kW-capacity KyotoCooling systems, a 152 kW solar array using 624 panels on its roof, and a series of flywheels that store energy for the active power uninterruptible power supply units.
BendBroadband's datacenter has a flywheel-driven uninterruptible power supply (UPS) technology that is battery free. 
Each of their two UPS units contain three flywheels, each weighing about 700lbs and spinning at about 7,000 rotations per minute in a vacuum. The UPS generator converts the kinetic energy into electricity, when needed. 
Bendbroadband says their datacenter flywheel UPS system is up to 98% energy efficient and is non-toxic.
The Electric Storage Association has more on energy storage technologies.
Grid-scale energy storage is a developing interest, since wind power is at the mercy of Mother Nature. Compressed air storage underground is one solution. Three fourths of the United States is said to have geology suitable for underground air storage. Wind turbines can pump air into underground storage, which is then retrieved when additional power is needed.
The Mist Gas Fields are used for both producing natural gas and storing it. The gas is found in relatively shallow pockets (2200 feet) with a solid dome above it and salt water below it. The geology is ideal for gas storage, and Northwest Natural has developed the site to do exactly that. Off peak gas is pumped into the ground during much of the year, and during the seasonal peaks, the compressors are reversed and the gas is recovered to augment regional supplies.
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