nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Paul Tucker

__NOTOC__ 
Paul Tucker is a deputy governor of the Bank of England (BoE). His position, to which he was appointed in March of 2009, oversees the Bank's Financial Stability arm. On June 14, 2013 the Bank of England announced that Tucker will resign his post after 33 years with the central bank.
In his deputy governor role, Tucker is also a member of the Monetary Policy Committee, Financial Policy Committee and the Bank’s Court of Directors. He also sits on the G20 Financial Stability Board's Steering Committee and chairs FSB’s group on resolving large and complex financial firms. Additionally, he chairs the BIS Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems. 
In July 2012, a memo released by the Wall Street Journal suggested that Tucker may have implicitly pressured Barclays to manipulate its LIBOR. In it, Tucker stated, "it did not always need to be the case that Barclays appeared as high as Barclays has recently." At minimum, Tucker and the Bank of England have been criticized for failing to crack down on efforts by Barclays and other banks to manipulate LIBOR.
Prior to the LIBOR scandal, Tucker had been a top candidate to succeed Mervyn King as BoE Governor. Instead, Mark Carney will become the new head of the central bank July 1, 2013.
== Background ==
From 1980-1989 Tucker worked as a banking supervisor; a corporate financier at a merchant bank; and on projects to reform the Hong Kong securities markets and regulatory system following the 1987 crash. From there he became principal private secretary to Bank of England Governor Leigh-Pemberton for 3 years until 1993, he moved to the domestic market operations area. Tucker became head of Gilt-Edged & Money Markets Division in mid-1994. He was also head of Monetary Assessment and Strategy Division 1997-1998. 
From January 1999-May 2002, he was deputy director, Financial Stability, and was closely involved with the Bank's Financial Stability Review over those years. From May 1997 to June 2002, he was also on the secretariat of the Monetary Policy Committee, preparing the published minutes. From June 2002 to February 2009, he was executive director for Markets.
 
== Education ==
Tucker received a B.A. in Mathematics and Philosophy from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1980.
== References ==
Category:Bank of England
Category:Economists
Paul Tudor Jones II

Memphis, Tennessee-born Paul Tudor Jones II is the founder, chairman and CEO of Tudor Investment Corp., a macro hedge fund established in 1980 in Greenwich, Connecticut. He also heads the Tudor Group, a hedge fund holding company specializing in fixed income, currencies, equities, and commodities.
Forbes Magazine estimated his net worth as of June 13, 2018 to be US$4.5 billion. 
Jones is also known for his philanthropy. Eight years after founding his hedge fund, he founded the Robin Hood Foundation, focusing on reducing poverty.
In 2006, Jones was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community. 
== History ==
Paul Tudor Jones got his start in the trading business on the floor of the former New York Cotton Exchange and has long favored the futures markets for his trading strategies. He was one of the first to realize the problems associated with size and to give money back to investors. One measure of his influence on the industry is that over the years, a large number of talented traders have cut their teeth at Tudor before striking out on their own. 
He was named a "market wizard" in the late 1980's book titled "Market Wizards: Interviews with Top Traders" by Jack Schwager.
Jones was a director on the Futures Industry Association board for many years, and has contributed an impressive amount of his time and energy to charity, most notably through his financial and personal support for the Robin Hood Foundation, an organization he co-founded that is dedicated to fighting poverty in New York City. He sits on the board of directors of that organization.
== In the News ==
In late October 2010, he wrote a letter to his investors saying that a revaluation of China’s renminbi would do more to cut U.S. unemployment than asset purchases by the Federal Reserve. 
In June 2018, Jones and Goldman Sachs launched an ETF that tracks Just Capital's US Large Cap Diversified Index, which features companies that score well on environmental, social and governance metrics.
== Education ==
Jones received a bachelor's degree in economics at the University of Virginia.
== References ==
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Paul W. Hilgers

__NOTOC__ 
Paul Hilgers is CEO of Optiver, an Amsterdam-based proprietary trading firm. He was named to the position in December 2013 as the replacement to founder and long-time CEO Johann Kaemingk. 
== Background ==
Hilgers joined Optiver in 2007 as director of market structure in the firm's Sydney office. In 2010 he became CEO of the Asia-Pacific region.
Before joining Optiver, Hilgers was director of sales and account management for Fortis Clearing Sydney. Prior to that, he was a managing director for Dutch market making firm Van der Moolen. He began his career in 1992 as a market maker for Amsterdam Options Trader.
== Education ==
Hilgers hods a bachelors degree from Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster. In 2012 he graduated from the Harvard Business School's general management program. 
== References ==	
Category:Fortis
Category:Van der Moolen - Former Employees
Paul Wightman

__NOTOC__ 
Paul Wightman is a senior director at CME Group, where he is responsible for research and product development, particularly in the commodities sector. His work involves developing a wide range of products across various commodity markets, contributing to the CME Group's role as a leading derivatives marketplace.
== Background ==
=== Career ===
Wightman has held significant roles at CME Group, focusing on the development of innovative products that cater to the evolving needs of the financial markets. He has played a key role in the development of the CME Petroleum Index, which is designed to provide access to the deep and liquid crude oil and refined products markets. This index captures the increased trading interest from the Asia-Pacific region, highlighting the global reach and impact of CME Group's products.
== Education ==
Wightman earned a BA with honours in European policy and modern languages from Solent University in Southampton, United Kingdom.
== References ==	
Category:Financial Markets
Category:Commodities
Category:Derivatives
Category:Executives
Paul Woolman

__NOTOC__ 
Paul Woolman is a London-based financial services and exchange executive who currently serves as the global head of equity index products at the CME Group.{{cite web|url=https://financefeeds.com/cme-group-taps-paul-woolman-to-lead-equity-index-giovanni-vicioso-to-lead-crypto/|name=CME GROUP TAPS PAUL WOOLMAN TO LEAD EQUITY INDEX, GIOVANNI VICIOSO TO LEAD CRYPTO|org=Finance Feeds|date=maay 30, 2024}] He manages CME Group’s benchmark equity index futures and options product suite, develops new product solutions for clients, and educates them about the existing product offerings.
== Background ==
Woolman is an equity product specialist with over 20 years of market experience, including emerging market cash equity trading and asset management. Before joining CME Group in 2016, he spent over a decade at BofA Securities (formerly Bank of America Merrill Lynch) as a Delta 1 equity trader, managing exposure across futures, ETFs, swaps, structured products, cash equities, and FX.
He joined CME Group in 2016 as senior director, head of EMEA Equity products and alternative investments. 
He has also worked for JP Morgan as a senior fund accountant and DrKW as an emerging market equiting trader, making markets to institutional clients and running a proprietary book in single stocks from Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Turkey.
Additionally, he served as a fund accountant for Schroders Asset Management, reconciling the trades and performing portfolio administration for large pension fund clients.
== Education ==
Woolman holds a bachelor's degree in geography from the University of Bristol and an MBA from London Business School with a concentration in finance.
== References ==	
Category:Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Former Employees
Category:JP Morgan - Former Employees
Category:Schroders Asset Management - Former Employees
Paula A. Tosini

__NOTOC__ 
Paula A. Tosini is a distinguished economist and academic, known for her significant contributions to finance and economics. She was a Fulbright scholar, who is a former executive vice president of the Institute for Financial Markets. She continues her close relationship with the IFM as an Associate, developing futures and securities training materials and professional conduct and ethics training programs. 
In 2005, Dr. Tosini was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community. 
== Background ==
Prior to joining the Institute for Financial Markets in 1989, she was chief economist and director of the Division of Economic Analysis at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, where she received three Special Act of Service Awards and a Presidential Rank Award, Senior Executive in the U.S. government service. Previous positions include Foreign Service Officer with the U.S. Department of State, official of the U.S. Agency for International Development, and lecturer in finance and assistant professor in economics at the University of Maryland, College Park.
==Education ==
Paula Tosini holds a Bachelor of Science, summa cum laude, and an Master of Science from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, a certificate in economics with honors from the University of Brussels under a Fulbright scholarship, and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Maryland. 
She was awarded a dissertation research fellowship by the Brookings Institution and has published extensively in economics and finance including Commodities Law Letter, Journal of Futures Markets, Financial Analysts Journal and the Princeton Essay in International Finance. 
== References ==	
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Category:The IFM
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:CFTC - Former Employees
Paula Sausville Arthus

__NOTOC__ 
Paula Sausville Arthus is the president and CEO of Omgeo, a subsidiary of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) that specializes in post-trade operations. She assumed the role on February 21, 2014, succeeding Marianne Brown.
Before being named Omgeo CEO, Arthus was managing director, chief of staff and head of enterprise planning at DTCC, where her responsibilities included overseeing business planning processes, enterprise program management, and coordination and programming for the DTCC Board of Directors. 
== Background ==
Arthus joined DTCC in 2005 and held several roles before becoming CEO, including head of relationship management for equities and fixed income clearance and settlement, asset services and wealth management services. She served on the Omgeo Board of Managers from 2008-2011, and currently serves as vice chair of the firm's diversity and inclusion council. 
Before joining DTCC, Arthus spent 26 years at JPMorgan Chase in several investment management operations, technology and custody roles, most recently as senior vice president in the asset management solutions group. 
== Education ==
Arthus holds a Bachelor's Degree in Economics, with minors in Computer Science and Business Administration, from State University of New York (SUNY), Albany.
== References ==	
Category: Bios - Executives
Category: DTCC
Paulo Rodrigues da Silva

__NOTOC__ 
Paulo Rodrigues da Silva was appointed CEO of Euronext Lisbon, CEO of Interbolsa and member of the managing board of Euronext N.V., in February of 2017. He takes over the role in early March 2017, pending relevant shareholder and regulatory approvals.
He will succeed Maria João Carioca, who resigned in December 2016.
Rodrigues da Silva has had a number of management roles over his professional career, including in technology, strategy and business development for a number of large companies. He was an executive board member of Banco BPI and of Vodafone, both in Portugal and globally; and, most recently, of Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD). 
== Background ==
Rodrigues da Silva started his professional career with McKinsey in 1990, where he was involved in several projects in different sectors - banking, telecommunications, transportation and energy. 
From 1991 to 2000, he worked for Banco Português de Investimento (BPI), one of the largest Portuguese bank groups. He started in BPI in the private banking and investment centers and later moved to the acquired Banco Fonsecas & Burnay where he held several roles in marketing, credit/debit cards, IT and operations. In 1996, he was appointed a member of the board of directors, with overall responsibility for information systems, network, organization, operations and internet strategy. 
From 2000 to 2009, he held several positions at Vodafone Group, which he joined in 2004. From 2007 to 2009, he was chief commercial officer at Vodafone Turkey.
He joined Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD) as an executive board member in 2016 and was responsible for the coordination of the 2017-2020 strategic plan that supported CGD’s recapitalization process.
== Education ==
Rodrigues da Silva holds a degree in Economics from Universidade Católica Portuguesa de Lisboa and an MBA from Insead. He was also a teaching assistant at Universidade Católica Portuguesa in Lisbon from 1985 to 1987 and research assistant and Dean’s assistant at Insead from 1987 to 1989.
== References ==
Pawel Tamborski

__NOTOC__ 
Pawel Tamborski has been the chief executive of the Warsaw Stock Exchange since July 2014, when he replaced Adam Maciejewski, who ran the exchange starting in 2013 and left because his term time as CEO expired.
Tamborski resigned effective December 31, 2015, less than a month after a new government came to power in Poland. In discussing his resignation, he said that he had "never been a politician" and did not want the exchange "to be embroiled in political games." The exchange is publicly traded but 51 per cent of the voting rights are held by the Polish state. 
== Background ==
Tamborski was secretary of state in Poland’s treasury ministry between 2012 and 2014. He is also a former UniCredit investment banker.
In October of 2015 Tamborski was questioned by agents of Poland’s Central Anti-corruption Bureau in connection with the sale of shares in a state-run company, Ciech SA, that he was involved with in his role in the treasury ministry, which oversees state-owned assets.
== Education ==
== References ==
Paxful

Paxful is a peer-to-peer platform focused primarily on bitcoin. As a peer-to-peer platform, Paxful provides a a bulletin board of purchase and sale offers, rules for settlements, and surveillance of know-your-customer (KYC) rule compliance. Unlike many peer-to-peer platforms, Paxful requires traders to open an account. Chainalysis announced in March 2020 that it provides Paxful with KYC tools.
== Banking the unbanked==
=== African outreach ===
Paxful's business plan includes a significant social welfare component. In 2018, Co-Founder Ray Youssef told CoinDesk, the online cryptocurrency-focused news service, that the company had supported two schools in Rwanda and that Paxful would partner with institutions in Africa to educate students about bitcoin and how to manage personal wallets. “The huge challenge is educating the educators,” Youssef said. “We want to build our next school in western Africa, preferably Nigeria. We are now looking for build partners on the ground.”
In September 2020, the company posted a blog reporting on the progress its "Built with Bitcoin" initiative had made. Its first school was begun with a 2017 donation from Youssef to a global development organization, ZamZam. The school in Rwanda, served a community of 7,500 with a community center and fresh water resources in addition to education and was the basis for establishing Built with Bitcoin. That organization, which is funded by Paxful, built a two-times larger school in Kigali, Rwanda. According to the blog, the organization was on track to open a third school, for younger children, in Kenya by the end of the year. 
 
After growing by 20% in 2018, Paxful announced that it conducted $1.6 billion in transactions in 2019. Its largest markets, Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, Kenya and other countries in Africa, grew by 57% that year.
=== Venezuela ===
Paxful began hiring employees in the troubled country of Venezuela in 2018. 
On September 14, 2020, however, the company informed its Venezuelan customers that it was withdrawing from the country, saying, "“Our mission is to help the four billion unbanked and underbanked around the world and we’re truly heartbroken that we aren’t able to extend this calling to the people of Venezuela for now."
== Products and services ==
Paxful provides approximately 340 different ways to transfer fiat currencies, including PayPal and Amazon Gift Cards. 
Paxful began offering services to support gold transactions priced in bitcoin in March 2020. The transaction can be negotiated on the Paxful platform, and once it is agreed Paxful holds the bitcoin in escrow until the gold purchaser confirms acceptance of the physical gold. 
== References ==	
Category:cryptocurrency
Category:fiat
Category:gold
Category:charity
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Payment for order flow

Payment for Order Flow is the practice by some exchanges or market makers of paying a broker's firm for routing its customers' orders to them. It is a way to attract orders from brokers. Generally the amount paid is a penny or more per share.
Payment for order flow is one of the ways a brokerage firm can make money from executing customers' trades. The firm can also make money by internalizing orders.
Payment for order flow also allows a smaller brokerage, which can't handle thousands of orders at a time, to send orders to another firm to be bundled with other orders for execution. This helps the brokerage firms keep their costs lower. 
Upon opening a new account, as well as annually, firms must inform their customers in writing whether they receive payment for order flow and, if so, a detailed description of the type of payments. Firms must also disclose on trade confirmations whether they receive payment for order flow and that customers can make a written request to find out the source and type of the payment for that particular transaction. The big market makers pay hundreds of millions of dollars a year to retail brokers for their order flows. 
Order-flow payments subsidize the commission-free trading that became the norm with U.S. retail brokers. However, they are banned in Canada and the U.K. out of concern that the payments discourage brokers from obtaining the best trades for their customers (best execution), and the practice of PFOF has always been controversial. During the late 1990s, the waning days of fractional pricing, some firms that offered zero-commission trades routed orders to market makers that did not keep investors’ best interests in mind. Traders discovered that some of their "free" trades were costing them quite a bit because they weren’t getting the best price at the time the order was executed. The SEC studied the issue in-depth, focusing on options. It found, among other things, that the proliferation of options exchanges and the additional competition for order execution narrowed the spreads, but that "by some measures these improvements have been muted with the spread of payment for order flow and internalization.” The SEC nevertheless allowed to practice to continue, partly because of its role in fostering competition and limiting the market power of exchanges.
 
== References ==
Category:Brokerage Terms
Category:Definitions
Payment tokens

Payment tokens are tokenized stores of value that can be used as a proxy or substitute for currency. They often exist as part of an enclosed environment, such as a privately-managed service in a physical building, or a digital environment like a software platform. Some digital assets can be used as payment tokens. Payment tokens can be used in non-crypto projects as well; Square, the payment application developed by Twitter creator Jack Dorsey, uses digital payment tokens as part of its process of digitally settling retail transactions more securely.
== References ==	
Category:Decentralized Applications
Category:Digital Assets
Category:Definitions
Category:Tokenization
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Pecora Commission

The Pecora Commission was set up in 1933 to investigate the causes of the stock market crash of 1929, which led to the Great Depression. It was authorized by Franklin D. Roosevelt and led by a Sicilian-born immigrant named Ferdinand Pecora, a former New York prosecutor.
Pecora was the last in a series of investigators hired to examine the causes of the crash for the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency. 
The commission's investigation led to 12,000 pages of transcripts laying bare abuses on Wall Street and failures of Washington to adequately regulate the U.S. financial system. It led to reforms in the banking industry, including legislation that regulated the sale of securities and helped establish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. and the Securities and Exchange Commission. 
Pecora's cross-examinations damaged the reputation of a number of the most well-known bankers, including Charles E. Mitchell of National City Bank, the precursor to Citibank, who was forced to resign, and the financier J.P. Morgan.
Phil Angelides, the chairman of the 10-member Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission set up to investigate the 2008 financial crisis, said that he planned to use Pecora as a model in examining the causes of the more recent crisis.
== References ==
Category:Government Commissions
Category:Great Depression
Pedro Gurrola-Perez

__NOTOC__ 
Dr. Pedro Gurrola-Perez is head of research at The World Federation of Exchanges (WFE). The WFE announced his appointment to that role on August 12, 2019. He joined the WFE from the Bank of England, where he led the Financial Market Infrastructures (FMI) Directorate Research Team. 
== Background ==
Gurrola-Perez joined the Bank of England in 2013 from the UK Financial Services Authority. His work included research on the economics of distributed ledger technology (DLT) for securities settlement, and on managing market liquidity risk in CCPs. He also led research on CCP margin models and back-testing methodologies. He was a member of the CPMI-IOSCO Working Group on Digital Innovation, and led projects on credit risk models supervision at the Prudential Regulatory Authority.
== Education ==
In 1985, Dr. Gurrola-Perez earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics, and then in 1987, a Master's of Science degree in mathematics, both from the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico. In 2002, he earned a master's degree in financial mathematics from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. He also earned a Doctor of Philosophy in art history from the Universitat de Barcelona and a doctor in pure and applied mathematics, algebraic topology from the Universite de Montpellier.
== References ==