Justin Greenwood

Justin Greenwood is Professor of European Public Policy at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, and a visiting Professor at the College of Europe.Robert Gordon University Professor Justin Greenwood, Aberdeen Business School, accessed 19 September 2011 A former police cadet and one time Student Union president, he has made a speciality of studying 'interest representation' in the EU - particularly corporate lobbying.
==Links with EU corporate lobbyists==
Greenwood's connections with corporate lobbyists are manifold. For example his 2002 book The Effectiveness of EU Business Associations, is a collection of papers from a conference on business associations. The conference was the first of two co-organised by Greenwood and held in Brussels in September 2000 and May 2002. They were funded by the European Union Framework Five programme with an award of €66,000 to Greenwood and Brussels-based Ernst and Young Association Management, a branch of one of the 'big five' auditing firms which operates European business associations on a consultancy basis. Both conferences were heavily sponsored by corporate interests and lobbying firms, as well as media.Sponsors of the first conference were lobbyists Adamson BSMG Worldwide and Shandwick International, the Economist-owned European Voice, and The European Centre for Public Affairs Brussels (a corporate/academic joint venture think tank/lobbying training organisation), together with media services companies, EurActiv.com, the European Information Service, the European Public Affairs Directory, and two trade associations - the European Information and Communication Technologies Association and Wirtschaftskammer Österreich. The second conference in May 2002 managed a longer list of corporate sponsors including all of the above (except the European Centre for Public Affairs) plus the European and American Societies of Association Executives, IRIS b2b technologies, the Society of European Affairs Professionals (the lobbyists trade organisation) and the EU Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce, (a key representative of US TNCs in Europe) and lobbying directory publishers Euroconfidential. Source: Ernst and Young Belgium, Supported by The European Commission Research DG Framework Programme V Human Potential Programme, High Level Scientific Conferences, accessed 20 September 2011.
Addressing the issue of effectiveness of business associations, the September 2000 conference was attended by a mix of academics, business leaders, lobbying consultants and a few Commission officials. Speakers included heavyweights of key corporate lobby groups, such as the European employers' federation UNICE, the chemical lobby CEFIC and the EU Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham), the main EU umbrella group for large US-based corporations. Among the 50 speakers at the event were representatives from business associations or large firms representing sectors such as chemicals, finance, electricity, automobiles, pharmaceuticals and food.ECPR News - Volume 11 Issue 3, Summer 2000. "Speakers from the world of EU public affairs include Dirk Hudig, General Secretary of UNICE and his predecessor Zygmunt Tyszkiewicz; John Russell of Shandwick International and formerly EU Affairs Manager of AMCHAM-EU; Jean Marie Devos, Secretary General of CEFIC, and Hans-Werner Mueller, Secretary General of UEAPME." In his opening speech, Baron Williamson, former Secretary General of the European Commission, referred to the conference as "the definitive conference in the field."5 According to one report the conference was so successful in attracting sponsors and commercial delegates that it made a profit of £20,000 (approximately €30,000).
The May 2002 conference, 'The Challenge of Change in EU Business Associations', saw the organisers go even further in blowing their own trumpet.The Challenge of Change in EU Business Associations. Info on conference programme and presentations. With all the hype of an advertising copywriter, the conference website raved, "This is without doubt the most impressive conference agenda on the subject ever, bringing together the leading thinkers and practitioners". Speakers included Brian Ager (former Secretary General of biotech lobby group Europabio), Zygmunt Tyszkiewicz (former Secretary General of UNICE), Roy Gentry (EU Affairs Manager of AmCham) and Paul Adamson, the Chairman of Weber Shandwick Adamson, one of the largest lobbying firms in Brussels. Also addressing the conference were leaders (past and present) of trade associations from industry sectors such as IT, steel, textiles, media, financial services and chemicals. Three members of the European Commission spoke, together with representatives from NGO's and the European Parliament,John Purvis MEP and two representatives from NGO's, Tony Venables Director, European Citizen Action Service and Jim Murray, Director General, BEUC - The European Consumers' Organisation. but the event was unmistakably dominated by corporate interests.
Greenwood seems well connected with corporate interests in Brussels, especially with AmCham and UNICE. Connections with former UNICE boss Zygmunt Tyszkiewicz seem to be particularly close. Last year Count Zygmunt Tyszkiewicz was appointed Visiting Professor at Robert Gordon University, where Greenwood works. The University internal newsletter reported his appointment under the headline 'European hero', with a photo featuring a smiling Greenwood with Count Tyszkiewicz. These professional and personal connections are cemented with research funding as well as sponsorship.According to the newsletter RGYou:
:Count Zygmunt Tyszkiewicz... was born in Warsaw and naturalised British in 1955, served as an officer in the XII Royal Lancers before embarking on a highly successful career with Shell. He began by handling Shell's affairs in the French-speaking African region, and went on to become General manager of Shell and BP Tanzania. From 1979, he was managing director of Shell companies in Greece, where he became involved in the politics of business, twice being elected President of the Greek Oil Industry. Then in 1985 he took up the post of General-Secretary of UNICE, a post he occupied for 12 years. While Secretary General, Mr Tyszkiewicz created cohesion among great diversity of UNICE members and made the organisation heard, understood and often supported by European Union institutions. RGYou, Graduation December 2000 The Internal Newsletter of the Robert Gordon University, Volume 4, Issue 1, January / February 2001.
According to Corporate Europe ObservatoryCorporate Europe Observer Academia: a partner for advancing the corporate agenda? Corporate Europe Observer Issue 12, August 2002.:
:Many academics are more than happy to take consultancy/research money from corporate interests. Greenwood has, for instance, undertaken consultancy work for the pharmaceutical industry.'Dr Greenwood is a lecturer at Teesside Polytechnic... who acts as a consultant on drug marketing to pharmaceutical companies.' 'Publications Review: Are drug companies utilising potential of sales representatives?', Pharmaceutical Business News, April 12, 1991. In his February 2002 CV posted on the internet he acknowledges: 'Over £200,000 (approximately €300,000) in income attracted over last five years, from outlets including the European Commission, British Academy, Carnegie Foundation, Ernst & Young, Cargill, Pioneer Overseas Corporation, and EU and domestic trade associations including the EU Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce.'These details are taken from Greenwood's CV posted on the Internet in 2002. The link is no longer live though the page from which it was linked can be seen here: http://web.archive.org/web/20020808201306/http://www.rgu.ac.uk/spal/staff/page.cfm?pge=2690 In summer 2001 Greenwood interviewed a number of "senior EU policy makers" on behalf of 'a cross-sectoral business association under confidentiality conditions.' As the only cross-sectoral association listed, presumably this is AmCham EU. The rest of the money - around £160,000 (approximately €240,000) (minus the uncharacteristically unpublicised money from AmCham) funded the research for Inside the EU Business Associations.Robert Gordon University 'Professor wins European funding', RGU News Article, Date Posted: 20-Sep-1999.
:All of this schmoozing, conferencing, book writing, sponsorship, research funding, consultancy and academic honours are typical of the myriad connections between corporate-friendly academics and corporate interests. It reaches another level with the contribution to Greenwood's research programme by Cargill and Pioneer Overseas Corporation, both much criticised agri-business corporations with huge biotechnology interests. Another link between these companies and Greenwood is the European Centre for Public Affairs (ECPA), a corporate-friendly seminar and lobbying training organisation with close links to the European Commission. Both Cargill and Pioneer are corporate members of ECPA, while Greenwood sits on the ECPA board, together with Ruth Rawling, Vice President Public Affairs for Cargill and Tim Stocker, European Director of Government Affairs for Pioneer.Corporate members of ECPA include large US and European TNCs for whom the €7750 corporate membership fee is insignificant: Anglo American, Kellogg's, BT, Kodak, Cargill Europe, Levi Strauss Europe, Diageo Plc, Masterfoods, Ericsson, Philip Morris International, Ford of Europe, Pioneer Overseas Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Procter & Gamble, Grant Thornton, SAS, Honeywell, United Utilities Plc, Xerox UK Ltd. Source: ECPA website 2002 (page no longer accessible. The closest page held on the Internet Archive is from 9 December 2003: ECPA Corporate Membership, accessed 20 September 2011. ECPA was one of the sponsors of the conference that Greenwood organised in September 2000.
==Opposition to lobbying transparency==
In a written response to an invitation by the Standards Committee of the Scottish Parliament to comment on the statutory registration of commercial lobbyists Professor Justin Greenwood stated on 16 July 2001:
:The requirements of paragraph 21 will certainly keep a number of administrators employed at public expense, but will the public interest be served by this purpose? 'Public Choice' theory suggests that administrators seek to expand their activities in search of careers, status, control and jobs, and in doing so may contravene the interests of the taxpayer and citizen, and restrict the autonomy of other professionals. In short, the public choice tradition suggests there is a tendancy for administrators to find things to do which impose burdens on others and which are not always in the wider public interest, or the stakeholders of the domains in which they operate.
:In sum, the proposals seem unduly directed at one type of lobbyist for reasons that are unstated, and as such raise their own injustices. They appear to serve no public interest goal and may even damage it.Prof. Justin Greenwood, Statutory Registration of Commercial Lobbyists, 16 July 2001.
==Resources, Publications, Contact, Notes==
* Corporate Europe Observer Academia: a partner for advancing the corporate agenda? Corporate Europe Observer Issue 12, August 2002. 
* Justin Greenwood, Statutory Registration of Commercial Lobbyists, Evidence submitted to the lobbying consultation of the Standards Committee of the Scottish Parliament, 16 July 2001, Received by the Scottish Parliament 26 July 2001.
===Resources===
===Publications===
*Greenwood, J (2011) (3rd edtn.) Interest Representation in the European Union (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) (1st edition 2003, 2nd edition 2007) 
*Greenwood, J (Ed.) (2003) The Challenge of Change in EU Business Associations (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan)
*Justin Greenwood, (Ed.) The Effectiveness of EU Business Associations, Basingstoke: Palgrave in association with Ernst and Young Association Management, 2002. 
*Justin Greenwood, Inside the EU Business Associations, Basingstoke: Palgrave in association with Ernst and Young Association Management, 2001
*Compston, H and Greenwood, J (Eds.) (2001) Social Partnership in the European Union (Basingstoke, Palgrave)
*Greenwood, J. and Jacek, H. (Eds.) (1999) Organised Business and the New Global Order (Basingstoke: Macmillan)
*Greenwood, J, and Aspinwall, M. (Eds.) (1997, December) Collective Action in the European Union: Interests and the New Politics of Associability, London, Routledge. 
*Greenwood, J. (Ed.) (1995) European Casebook on Business Alliances, Hemel Hempstead, Prentice Hall. 
*Greenwood, J., Grote, J. and Ronit., K. (Eds.)(1992) Organised Interests and the European Community, London, Sage.
===Contact===
:Web:http://www4.rgu.ac.uk/abs/staff/page.cfm?pge=5373
===Notes===