nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Plextol

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a series of acrylic emulsions in water. Plextol® resins are used as dispersants, thickening agents and sizing agents in inks, paints, adhesives, textiles and papermaking. 
Some types are: 
* Plextol B-500: ethylacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer, 
* Plextol D-498: butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer 
* Plextol D-360: butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer; forms transparent flexible film
* Plextol D-514: n-butyl methacrylate/methacrylate dispersion
* Plextol D-509: methacrylic ester/acrylic dispersion; contains an anionic/nonionic emulsifier system
* Plextol D-487: methacrylic ester/acrylic ester dispersion; contains an anionic/nonionic emulsifier system
==Resources and Citations==
* Insitu Conservation: Plextol B-500
* Insitu Conservation: Plextol B-360
* Synthomer: Plextol D 509 technical datasheet
* Synthomer: Plextol D 487 technical datasheet
* Lascaux: Product information
* Website: www.higuchi-inc.co.jp
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
* Corey D'Augustine, contributed information, April 2007
Category:Materials database
Plextol B-500

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A registered trademark for a milky white aqueous emulsion of ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer. Plextol® B-500 is used as a dispersant, thickening agent and sizing agent in inks, paints, adhesives, textiles and papermaking. It has also been cast as a thin film then used as a heat set adhesive for backing paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Plextol B-500 (sp); Plextol B500 (sp)
==Risks==
* Talas Online: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in ethanol, acetone. 
* % solids = 49-51
* pH = 9-10
* Density = 1.08
* Viscosity = 1000-5000 mPas
* Shelf life = 12 months 
* Cure time = 2 hours 
==Resources and Citations==
* Insitu Conservation: Plextol B-500
* Website: www.higuchi-inc.co.jp
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Pliantex

== Description ==
[Conservation Resources] A brand name for an adhesive. Pliantex has been used to consolidate leather surfaces.
==Resources and Citations==
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
Category:Materials database
Plissé

== Description ==
A fabric that has been treated to form puckers or crinkles. Plissé is generally made from cotton that is treated with caustic solutions to shrink a portion of the cloth. The pattern is often formed in lengthwise patterns to form a seersucker like effect. The puckering is permanent until the fabric is ironed. Plissé can also be made with other fabrics, such as polyester, Rayon and Acetate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
plisse; crinkle crepe; plissé crepe
Category:Materials database
Plum (tree)

== Description ==
Any of several deciduous fruit trees, such as Prunus avium and Prunus domestica, that bear small, sweet, reddish purple fruit with a smooth skin. Plum trees have been cultivated for their fruit for over 2000 years. The dark brownish-red wood from plum trees has been used for small decorative articles, inlays and furniture. Plum wood is hard and strong with a straight grain and fine, uniform texture. The trees also exude a water-soluble gum. Plum tree flowers have been used as a dye.
See also ([Uemera Dye Archive (Hakubaika and Ume)] )
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Prunus avium; Prunus domestica; cerisier des oiseaux (Fr.);cerezo (Esp.); cerejeira (Port.); ciliegio (It.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Medium height (5-6 m).
* Flowers in early spring
* Density = 35-49 ppcf
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Plum gum.tif~FTIR (MFA)]]]
==Resources and Citations==
* Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Stone Fruit: Cherry,Prunus avium L.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965 Comment: 35-45 ppcf
* R.Gale, P.Gasson, N.Hepper, G.Killen, "Wood" , Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 334-371., 2000
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=41-49 ppcf (0.66-0.78 g/cm3)
Category:Materials database
Plumage

== Description ==
The feathery covering on a bird. Feathers provide protection, insulation, water repellency, and in some instances, camouflage. The plumage of male birds is typically brighter and more colorful than that of females. Through molting, feathers are lost and replaced about once a year.
==Resources and Citations==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "plumage." Accessed 3 Feb. 2005 .
Category:Materials database
Plumbago

== Description ==
An archaic name for graphite.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hyper-carburet of iron; black lead; wad
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 374
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Pluronic

== Description ==
[BASF] A registered trademark for a series (F, P and L) of nonionic detergents called poloxamers. Pluronic® detergents are block copolymers made from poly(oxypropylene) glycol, ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol. They are available as liquids, pastes or solids and range in molecular weight from 1000 to greater than 15,000. Mixtures with an ethylene glycol concentration greater than 70% are solids. Pluronics® are used as food additives, defoamer, antistatic agents, detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foam controllers, and dispersants. 
Some types are:
* Pluronic® L62LF - low foaming liquid 
* Pluronic® F68 - flaky solid with mp= 50C
* Pluronic® L101 - viscous liquid.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
poloxamer
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Varies from water insoluble to water soluble. 
* Soluble in benzene, toluene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acetone, butyl Cellosolve®, methyl ethyl ketone. 
* Insoluble in kerosene, mineral oil.
==Resources and Citations==
* BASF: Pluronic
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 263
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7722
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Plutonium

== Description ==
A radioactive metallic element. Plutonium is made synthetically and does not occur in nature. The silvery metal is produced by the neutron bombardment of uranium. Its longest-lived isotope is Pu 244 with a half-life of 76 million years. Plutonium oxidized readily in the presence of air and moisture. Plutonium is used as an explosive ingredient in nuclear weapons. It is also used as a reactor fuel and as an energy source for radio nuclide batteries.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pu
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic 
* Powerful carcinogen
* Echemi: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Pu (atomic no.=94)
CAS 	7440-07-5
Melting Point 	640 C
Density 	19.84 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 239.11
Boiling Point 	3235 C
Category:Materials database
Ply yarn

== Description ==
A yarn prepared by twisting together more than one strand. Ply yarns are stronger than single yarns of the same diameter.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
plied yarn; hilo doble (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: pps. 282 and 931
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Pochote

== Description ==
Short, soft, lightweight fibers produced from a tree in the silk cotton family, Ceiba aesculifolia, native to El Salvador. The white to pale brown fibers are buoyant and resilient. They are similar to kapok and are used for pillows, mattresses, life preservers, and insulation. See also bombax.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ceiba aesculifolia; Ceiba (Esp.)
Category:Materials database
Point de Gaze lace

== Description ==
A delicate, high quality needlepoint lace often made with rose motifs. Point de Gaze lace, or rose point lace, was made in Belgium. The design, popular in the late 19th and early 20th century, was a revival of the earlier 17th century Venetian rose point pattern.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rose point lace; rosepoint lace; Brussels point a l'aiguille; Brussels rose point lace
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Poke Milkweed, Hammer Stem, Peel Fiber

Source: Comparative Plant Fiber Collection
PM-007-09-04-09-BF-400X-MM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Source 	bast
Accession Number 	7/8/91 AE.66.12.1-5.1.13-1.7/16/91 (G) #037
Title 	Poke milkweed, hammer stem, peel fiber; fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	PM-007-09-04-09-BF-400X-MM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	09/04/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: melt mount 1.539
Microscopic technique 	Brightfield
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Dislocations 	few dislocations
Fiber size 	wide fiber diameter
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Cambium 	cambium apparent
PM-008-09-04-09-POL-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Source 	bast
Accession Number 	7/8/91 AE.66.12.1-5.1.13-1.7/16/91 (G) #037
Title 	Poke milkweed, hammer stem, peel fiber; fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	PM-008-09-04-09-POL-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	09/04/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: melt mount 1.539
Microscopic technique 	Polarized light, fiber at maximum brightness
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Dislocations 	few dislocations
Fiber size 	wide fiber diameter
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Cambium 	cambium apparent
PM-009-09-04-09-DIC-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Source 	bast
Accession Number 	7/8/91 AE.66.12.1-5.1.13-1.7/16/91 (G) #037
Title 	Poke milkweed, hammer stem, peel fiber; fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	PM-009-09-04-09-DIC-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	09/04/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: melt mount 1.539
Microscopic technique 	Differential interference contrast
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Dislocations 	few dislocations
Fiber size 	wide fiber diameter
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Cambium 	cambium apparent
PM-010-09-04-09-BF-200X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Source 	bast
Accession Number 	7/8/91 AE.66.12.1-5.1.13-1.7/16/91 (G) #037
Title 	Poke milkweed, hammer stem, peel fiber; fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	PM-010-09-04-09-BF-200X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	09/04/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: melt mount 1.539
Microscopic technique 	Brightfield
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Dislocations 	few dislocations
Fiber size 	wide fiber diameter
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Cambium 	cambium apparent
Category:FRIL
Category: FRIL: Poke Milkweed
Category: FRIL: Plant Fibers
Pokeberry

== Description ==
The blackish-red berries of the pokeweed plant, Phytolacca americana, that is native to North America. Pokeberries ripen in the late summer to early fall. They were used by the native Americans for staining basketry. The primary colorant is cyanidin. Pokeberries produce a pale color on unmordanted wool, while wool mordanted with alum gives a cherry red, iron gives purple, copper gives a brick color and chromium gives a deep red. None of the colors are lightfast and fade quickly in sunlight to pale tones.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pokeweed plant (Phytolacca americana); poke berry; pigeon berry; bear's grape; poke weed; red-ink plant; American spinach; skoke; crowberry; jalap; cancer-root; American nightshade; pokan; cokan; coakum; chongras; Virginia poke; inkberry; redweed; pocan-bush; pokeroot
== Risks ==
* Berries, stems and roots are poisonous.
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Polariscope

== Description ==
An instrument used to view the effects of polarized light as is passes through an optically transparent medium. As in a polarizing microscope, a polariscope consists of a pair of polarized elements. The first polar is called the polarizer because is it used to polarize the light before it reaches the specimen. The second polar is called the analyzer. Polariscopes are used to examine stresses in glass and other substances.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Polariskop (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Polarized glass

== Description ==
Glass that permits only the passage of light aligned to its plane of polarization. Polarized glass is made by adding fine crystals of tourmaline or peridot to the molten glass. The glass is stretched as it cools to align the crystals parallel to one axes (Brady 1971).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Polarisiertes Glas (Deut.); verre polarisant (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, 10th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
Category:Materials database
Polarized light

== Description ==
Light in which all vibrations are parallel to one plane. Natural light, sunlight and artificial light , is incoherent meaning it contains wave vibrations from all different directions. Polarized light is a single orthogonal component whose vibration vector travels in one direction. Light can be separated, or plane polarized, using reflection, refraction, or dichroic characteristics of a mirror, crystal, or filter. Materials which have two different path lengths depending on the direction of the polarized light are said to be birefringent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polarization; optisk polarisering (Dan.); Polarisiertes Licht (Deut.); lumière polarisée (Fr.); polarizzazione (It.); polarisatie (Ned.); polaryzacja (Pol.); polarização (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polarized light microscopy

== Description ==
A microscope analysis technique that uses a microscope with two rotating polarizing filters to characterize optical properties of particles. Polarized light microscopy, or PLM, can be used to measure refractive index, determine extinction coefficients, and examine birefringence. It is often used in conjunction with microchemical tests and fluorescent stains. PLM is used for the identification and characterization of metals, minerals, pigments, ceramics, fibers, hairs, starch grains, pollen, etc.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PLM; Polmikroskopie (Deut.); Mikroskopie im polariserten Licht (Deut.); microscopie en lumière polarisée (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Walter C. McCrone, "Polarized Light Microscopy in Conservation: A Personal Perspective" JAIC Vol 33(2):101-14, 1994.
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
Category:Materials database
Polaroid

== Description ==
[Polaroid, Cambridge, MA] A registered trademark for a series of products, most notably instant photographic film. Developed by Edwin H. Land in 1926, the first Polaroid product was a polarizing sheet with aligned crystals embedded in plastic. After a series of products, including light filters, infrared goggles, color-view microscopes, the company introduced the Polaroid Land camera with instant developing film in 1948. Polaroid instant film is now available for black and white prints, color prints, color slides (Polachrome), blue and white slides (Polablue), and black and white slides (Polapan).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Polachrome; Polablue; Polapan
==Resources and Citations==
* Polaroid: Website
* Luis Nadeau, Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Photography"
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Technology of Photography. 
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Polish (material)

== Description ==
A liquid or powder used to smooth and shine a surface. Metal polishes often contain fine abrasives (iron oxide, graphite). Furniture polishes may contain abrasives (horsetail, pumice, charcoal, chalk, fish skin), vegetable waxes (carnauba, candelilla), oils (lemon oil, walnut oil) and solvents. Nail polishes usually have a cellulose nitrate base.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polisher; polishing powder; buffing compound
== Risks ==
Many polishing formulations are flammable
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1984
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polonium

== Description ==
A rare radioactive metallic element. Polonium occurs as a product of uranium decay. It occurs in pitchblende and was the first radioactive substance discovered by Marie Curie in 1898. Polonium emits alpha particles that are used for generating power, measuring moisture, calibrating instruments, and for dissipating static electricity in textile coating machines and electrical equipment. Polonium is also used in nuclear research, printing, and photography.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Po
== Risks ==
* Radiation hazard.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, hydrochloric acid.
Composition 	Po (atomic no. 84)
Melting Point 	254 C
Density 	9.2-9.4 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 210
Boiling Point 	962 C
Category:Materials database
Poly Instafil Lightweight Spackling Compound

== Description ==
[Henkel, formerly LePage, Canada] A trademark for an acrylic emulsion paste. Poly Instafil® contains microballoons to decrease shrinkage and make it lightweight. It is used for interior fill as it does not sand well. It has a gritty texture.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Poly Instafill (sp)
== Risks ==
* Henkel: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* LePage: Specialty products
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
Category:Materials database
Polyacrylic acid

== Description ==
A polymer of acrylic acid. Polyacrylic acid is an acrylic resin and is generally used as a sizing agent in the manufacture of nylon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cido poliacrlico (Esp.); acido poliacrilico (It.); cido poliacrlico (Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water, dilute alkalis, methanol, dioxane, dimethylformamide
* Insoluble in hydrocarbons, methanol, acetone, diethyl ether.
Category:Materials database