nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Felix B. Davidson

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Felix Davidson oversees all clearing operation functions for TD Ameritrade, including trading, stock loan, order routing, credit/market risk management, margin, settlements, alternative investments, mutual funds, payment services, government reporting, cost basis/tax reporting, retirement accounting plan administration, corporate actions, operations control, futures operations and foreign exchange operations. He also serves as the President of TD Ameritrade Clearing Inc., the Company's clearing broker dealer.
Joining TD Ameritrade in 1998, Davidson has held a variety of leadership roles spanning front, middle and back office operations, playing a central role in the integration of numerous acquisitions and integrations during this time period.
== Background ==
Prior to TD Ameritrade, Davidson was an officer in the U.S. Marine Corps serving in a series of command and staff roles, which included several overseas assignments. 
== Education ==
Davidson received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and currently holds Series 3, 4, 7, 24, 27, 63, 53 and 99 securities licenses.
== References ==
Ferdinand Pecora

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Ferdinand Pecora was a former assistant district attorney from New York who, starting in January 1933, was chief counsel for the investigation by the Senate Banking and Currency Committee into the causes of the 1929 stock market crash. At the Congressional hearings, he grilled the most famous names in finance about their activities in the 1920s, exposing rampant stock market manipulation. The inquiry became known as the "Pecora Investigation." The Securities Act of 1933, the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 all addressed abuses Pecora had exposed.
== Background ==
As a prosecutor in the 1920s, Pecora had shut down more than 100 “bucket shops,” which had tutored him in the shady side of Wall Street.
== Education ==
== References ==
Fernando Centelles

Fernando Centelles was the CEO of the Spanish derivatives exchange group Mercado Español de Futuros Financieros (MEFF) and more recently was managing director of BME Clearing. He died in October 2013 of cancer.
Centelles joined MEFF at its inception in 1989 and was appointed chief executive officer in May 2006 after a long stint as deputy ceo. 
Centelles also served on the board of trustees of the Institute for Financial Markets. 
In 2015, Centelles was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community.
== Background ==
Centelles helped guide MEFF through a difficult period following the adoption of the euro as the single EU currency in 1999 and the subsequent loss of MEFF's government bond futures trading business. He was instrumental in building MEFF's single-stock futures business and expanding into Latin America through its investment in the Mexican Derivatives Exchange. 
Centelles was also the driving force behind MEFF's push to expand internationally and become a more globally focused exchange, with more than a third of its members coming from outside Spain. 
== References ==
Category:Exchange CEOs
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:The IFM
Category:The IFM Board of Trustees
Category:MEFF
Category:MEFF
Category:Deceased
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Ferruzzi soybean crisis

The Ferruzzi soybean crisis, also known as the soybean crisis of 1989, had its origins in a drought in the Midwest the year before, which reduced soybean yields. Early in 1989, Central Soya, a subsidiary of the Italian firm Ferruzzi, amassed a large physical holding of soybeans and took large long positions in the May 1989 soybean futures contract. As of May 16, Ferruzzi held 16.2 million bushels of May soybean futures. It was forced to reduce its position to 3 million bushels after the Chicago Board of Trade revoked its status as a hedger. But instead of only offsetting its May position, Ferruzzi rolled the position forward into July. By July it had managed to dominate the soybean market. 
The CBOT declared a market emergency on July 11 and revoked Ferruzzi's hedging status again. It also ordered liquidation of at least 20 percent of futures positions over the next several days. This averted the crisis but led Ferruzzi traders in Paris to resign and Ferruzzi to file a lawsuit against the CBOT. The CBOT in turn imposed fines on Ferruzzi. Ferruzzi paid $2 million and dropped the lawsuit, but in 1993 Ferruzzi's chairman committed suicide and enormous losses at the firm were uncovered. 
== References ==
Fibonacci numbers

Fibonacci numbers were discovered by thirteenth-century Italian mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci (circa 1170-1250). Fibonacci, who introduced Arabic numbers to Europe, also introduced a theory in which the sum of any two consecutive numbers equals the next highest number (i.e., following this sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, and so on.) According to Fibonacci, the ratio of any number to its next highest number approaches 0.618 after the first four numbers. Fibonacci numbers, and more significantly the ratio of those numbers to each other, can be found throughout nature and cycles, most popularly in the reproduction rates of rabbits. 
Fibonacci ratios are used in technical analysis to predict retracement areas during pullbacks, as well as targets, called “extensions,” for projected price moves.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Fidelity Investments

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Fidelity Investments is the second largest mutual-fund provider in the U.S., after Vanguard Group. It has also expanded beyond this base by offering investors a broad array of investment products. Its most famous fund manager was the legendary Peter Lynch of the Magellan Fund.
The firm has about $11.7 trillion of assets under administration as of August 28, 2023.
== History ==
The Fidelity Fund was founded in 1930 and acquired by Edward C. ("Mister") Johnson II in 1943. Three years later Johnson launched the Fidelity Management & Research Co. (FMR) as an investment adviser to the fund. 1957 his son, Edward C. Johnson III, joined Fidelity as a research analyst and succeeded his father at the helm in 1972. The firm has grown since then to reach $1 trillion in assets under management. Edward Johnson III's daughter, Abigail Johnson, took over as CEO of the company in 2014. By 2019, the firm had $2.8 trillion in assets under management.
The company became a bitcoin pioneer in 2014, mining the token when it was trading at around $400. Fidelity also encouraged employees to experiment with blockchain technology and develop new products. That led to the launch of its crypto business unit four years later. Fidelity CEO Abby Johnson championed its early crypto initiatives.
== Products and Services ==
Fidelity Investments manages stock funds, index funds, asset-allocation funds and bond funds that are rated four-star or five-star by ratings agency Morningstar. Those funds fall into the following categories:
* Domestic equity
* International equity
* Specialty/sector equity
* Real estate equity
* Stock index
* Bond index
* Asset allocation
* Life-cycle
* Hybrid
* Taxable bond
* High yield bond
* International bond
* National municipal bond
* State municipal bond
==Cryptocurrency Services==
Fidelity’s crypto initiative began by trading and storing bitcoin for big investors such as hedge funds. Over the following years, it made crypto more accessible for small investors as well. It allows companies to include bitcoin in the Fidelity retirement plans they offer their employees, and Fidelity gives the majority of its 43 million customers the option to trade bitcoin and ether. 
Fidelity Investments fully launched its cryptocurrency trading and custody service in October 2019. This institutional-grade custody service is aimed at large financial firms and other participants in the cryptocurrency space.
== One Up On Wall Street ==
The former manager of Fidelity's high-growth Magellan Fund from 1977-1990, Peter Lynch, became one of the world's best-known fund managers thanks to the phenomenal success of his stock-market investing guidebook "One Up On Wall Street." In 2008, Lynch and Fidelity made news of a different sort when it was revealed that he and other personnel received perks like tickets to Boston Red Sox games and U2 concerts from brokers apparently looking to build transaction commissions.
== Key People ==
Abigail Johnson is the CEO of the company. She succeeded her father, Edward Crosby Johnson III, as chairman in addition in December of 2016. Edward "Ned" Johnson retired and became chairman emeritus.
== References ==
Fiduciary

The word "fiduciary" is derived from the Latin word meaning "trust". The adjectival form of the word can mean "held in trust" or "valuable only because of public confidence and support". 
A fiduciary (noun) is an individual, corporation or association that holds assets for another party, with the legal authority and duty to make decisions regarding financial matters on behalf of the other party.
Synonymous with "trustee". 
== References ==
Filecoin

Filecoin (FIL) has created a marketplace for storing data on a distributed basis in the cloud. One can earn filecoins by providing online hard drive storage space which customers purchase on the filecoin site with filecoins. 
== Background ==
Filecoin is a project of Protocol Labs, an internet-focused software research and development institution headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Protocol Labs says it raised $205.8 in a combination of venture funding and one of the largest initial coin offerings conducted up to that point of time. The figure includes $52 million from the venture investments and the remainder, if in cryptocurrency, valued by Filecoin at the time it was received. Due to fluctuations in cryptocurrency prices, numbers up to 25% higher were published in the press at the time. The ICO was conducted on Coinlist, an ICO platform that is a joint venture between AngelList, a website for information about working for and investing in start-ups, and Protocol Labs. The ICO attracted so much attention that the Coinlist site crashed after an hour, with the Filecoin site confirming that it had raised $186 million in sales to accredited investors. 
== Testing and launch ==
Filecoin said that it had successfully completed development in the testnet environment and planned to launch mainnet testing on October 15, 2020, more than three years after completing its ICO. The company's 400 miners in more than 30 countries onboarded enough digital storage for downloading seven times "the entire written works of mankind (in all languages) from the beginning of recorded history to the present day." 
== Chainlink Integration ==
In March 2021, Filecoin announced that it had integrated with Chainlink, allowing it to connect with other blockchain protocols like Ethereum. The integration will automate data transfers between Filecoin's storage features, and allow developers to potentially create functions that enable smart contracts to operate between blockchains like Ethereum and Filecoin. For example, because of the integration, a smart contract developer could potentially create a smart contract that accesses Filecoin's decentralized data storage.
== References ==
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Fimat USA Inc.

Fimat USA Inc. is a futures commission merchant, previously wholly owned by Société Générale and now part of Newedge, the derivatives joint venture between SocGen and Calyon Financial.. 
Thomas A. Kloet was formerly senior executive vice president and chief operating officer.
== Registration ==
*FIMAT USA LLC - NFA ID: 0221520
== References == 
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
Category:Brokerages
Category:Exempt Foreign Firm Agents
Category:Newedge
Category:Fimat
FinTank

FinTank is a Chicago-based fintech incubator and coworking space launched in early 2017 and located in the Loop. It aims to provide a physical location for fintech startups to convene and market their ideas, including access to mentorship, networking events, investors.
== History ==
FinTank opened its Chicago location in early 2017. As of April 2017, FinTank had five startups onboard. The company is focusing on a range of technological innovations, including blockchain, cybersecurity, big data and business intelligence.
== Products and Services ==
==Video==
== Key People ==
*George Vukotich, CEO/Founder 
*David Carman, Co-Founder & Managing Partner
== John Lothian News Articles ==
Chicago Mayor Emanuel addresses FinTank meeting, makes case for Chicago as crypto and fintech hub
In what might prove to be a seminal moment in the development of the cryptocurrency and blockchain community in Chicago, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel addressed an audience of nearly 150 on Monday. Extolling the virtues that Chicago possesses, Emanuel made the case that the city has the opportunity to become a preeminent global fintech center.
== References ==
Category:Fintech
Financial Accounting Standards Board

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The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is the official U.S.-based organization, recognized by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), for determining standards of financial accounting and reporting amongst private corporations. The FASB is part of efforts to improve corporate reporting following the credit crisis.
== History ==
The FASB was officially designated in 1973 as the U.S. body responsible for setting and improving accounting standards and reporting those to the SEC, which has the statutory authority to enforce such standards. Prior to its formation, accounting standards were proposed by the Accounting Principles Board and before that by the Committee on Accounting Procedure, each part of the AICPA. FASB members are selected by the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) and consulted with by Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council (FASAC), which has around 30 members.
== Key people ==
FASB Chairman Robert H. Herz was first appointed in 2002 ans reappointed to a second 5-year term in 2007. He was previously a senior partner with U.S.-based accounting giant PriceWaterhouseCoopers, where he was North America Theater Leader of Professional, Technical, Risk & Quality and a member of the firm's global and U.S. boards. Herz has also chaired the AICPA SEC Regulations Committee and the Transnational Auditors Committee of the International Federation of Accountants, and served as a part-time member of the International Accounting Standards Board.
== Latest news ==
The FASB in conjunction with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) recently formed the Financial Crisis Advisory Group (FCAG), an 18-member group charged with investigating the role financial reporting played in the recent credit crisis and corporate financial collapses. The FCAG has been given six months to complete its report, which will focus on the role of mark-to-market and off-balance sheet accounting played in precipitating the crisis.
== References ==
Financial Company Resolution Fund

The Financial Company Resolution Fund is an idea proposed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) Chairman Sheila Bair. The fund would be similar to the FDIC deposit insurance fund which supports customer accounts at U.S. Banks that pay fees into the fund. Bair recommended U.S. legislators impose fees on large financial institutions to provide working capital and funds for unanticipated losses for when government action is required. 
== References ==
Financial Economists Roundtable

The Financial Economists Roundtable (FER) consists of a group of senior financial economists. The group strives to better inform the public and financial economics profession of timely issues in the markets and investment institutions. Their gatherings promote the interaction of financial intelligence and an in-depth analysis of current issues. 
== History ==
The FER was founded in 1993 with an administrative office at Loyola University Chicago. The group meets annually to discuss micro economic issues in investments, corporate finance and financial institutions and markets. When a consensus is met, they release a statement signed by all the supporting members and release it to the media as well as relevant policy makers. 
== Products and Services ==
The FER has released statements on many issues including regulations on Derivatives, Hedge Funds and the collapse of Long Term Capital Management . Most recently they met in 2008 to discuss the concerns regarding Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. 
 
== Membership ==
The steering committee is made up of representatives from Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Maryland, University of Southern California, London School of Economics and Loyola University.
== Key People ==
Richard J. Herring,
George G. Kaufman and
Lemma W. Senbet
== References ==
Financial Market Utility

Financial Market Utilities (FMUs) are entities, outlined by Title VIII of the Dodd-Frank Act, that clear and settle payments, securities, or other financial transactions between financial institutions. They are considered to be critical infrastructure for the financial system. Title VIII established a a regulatory and supervisory regime to overseee FMUs, where it designates "systemically important" utilities. 
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) determines which FMUs are systemically important. Though, the Federal Reserve is ultimately charged with developing and enforcing the prudential standards for systemically important FMUs. Title VIII also gives systemically important FMUs access to the discount window, where the institutions can take out loans at near-zero rates. 
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Dodd-Frank Act
Category:MarketsReformWiki
Financial Markets Group

The Financial Markets Group is a European center of academic research into financial markets. The Financial Markets Group Research Centre was established in 1987 at the London Stock Exchange (LSE).
== History ==
It was founded by Mervyn King, current Governor of the Bank of England and Chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee. 
== Products and Services ==
The group has developed links with the user community including investment banks, commercial banks and regulatory bodies and attracts support from both private and public city institutions.
The work of the Financial Markets Group currently includes sponsorship of major research programs in the areas of pensions, the hedge fund industry, fixed income and risk management.
== Key People ==
The Financial Markets Group is led by Professor Dimitri Vayanos and brings together a team of senior academics and young researchers to undertake theoretical and empirical research in the areas of financial markets, financial decision-making and financial regulation.
== References ==
Financial Markets International, Inc.

Financial Markets International, Inc. (FMI) is an international law and economics consulting firm that specializes in helping emerging market countries achieve economic growth and development. Reliance on market mechanisms, international best practices and commercial law reform are stressed.FMI has worked in more than 30 countries.
FMI, for example, provides advice to Financial Technologies of India (FT) and the Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX), the major commodity futures exchange in India, in addition to the Singapore Mercantile Exchange (SMX) on strategy development, negotiating commercial transactions with other commodity firms, legal compliance, and global strategic insight. 
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*FMI Chairman and CEO Charles M. Seeger, J.D.
*FMI President Robert D. Bond, Ph.D. 
FMI Advisors:
*Vice President, Peter M. Levine
*Vice President, Charles M. Seeger IV
*Research Associate, Nick Kennedy 
*Counsel and Commodity Markets Specialist, Ann E. Berg
*Capital Markets Specialist, Barry Pitts
*Non-Bank Financial Institution Expert, David Bardsley
*Project Manager, Carlos Bravo
*SME Finance Expert, Rami Khoury
== References ==
Category:Lawyers
Financial Regulator

The Irish Financial Regulator is responsible for the regulation of all financial services firms in Ireland and for protecting the consumers of those firms. 
== Organization and Purpose ==
The Financial Regulator's mandate is to help consumers make informed decisions on their financial affairs in a safe and fair market, and to foster sound, growing and solvent financial institutions that give consumers confidence that their deposits and investments are secure.
The Financial Regulator is a distinct component of the Central Bank & Financial Services Authority of Ireland, with clearly defined regulatory responsibilities. These cover all Irish financial institutions including those previously regulated by the Central Bank, Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), Office of the Director of Consumer Affairs (ODCA) and Registrar of Friendly Societies. 
The Financial Regulator is a member of the Committee of European Securities Regulators. Patrick Neary, chief executive, represents the organization of the Committee.
 
== History ==
The Central Bank & Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act, 2003, led to the establishment of the new Financial Regulator. The Central Bank & Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act 2004 Act created a statutory financial services ombudsman for consumers. 
== References ==
*Category:European Securities Regulators
Financial Services Commission

The Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) was established on April 1, 1998 under the Office of the Prime Minister by the Act on the Establishment of Financial Supervisory Organizations. It aims to contribute to the growth of the Korean economy by promoting sound credit system and fair practices in the financial industry and by protecting investors and consumers. It provides deliberation and resolution of financial supervision issues and supervises the Financial Supervisory Service. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
The FSC is a consolidated policy making body that supervises Korea's financial industry. 
== Key People ==
Dong-Soo Chin, Chairman
== References ==
Financial Services Negotiating Forum

The Financial Services Negotiating Forum is a group formed to represent the financial industry's interests in the wake of the Brexit vote. It aims to unite those who opposed and those who supported leaving the EU. It was previously provisionally named City United. It will be formally launched in September 2016.
== History ==
The Financial Services Negotiating Forum was begun by Daniel Hodson in mid-July 2016. Through press releases, the organization indicated that it would search for between six and a dozen members from both sides of the Brexit debate to serve on its board before its September launch.
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Daniel Hodson, chairman
*Anthony Belchambers, board member
*Graham Bishop, chief communicator
== References ==
Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council

The Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security is the private sector organization that coordinates homeland security issues with the federal financial regulators. It is a group of more than 30 private-sector firms and financial trade associations that works to help reinforce the financial services sector’s resilience against terrorist attacks and other threats to the U.S. financial infrastructure. 
FSSCC was formed in 2002. It works with the U.S. Department of Treasury, which has direct responsibility for infrastructure protection and homeland security efforts for the financial services sector, while also serving under the overall guidance of the Department for Homeland Security.
== References ==
Category:Definitions