Senior citizen monitoring system

The goal of the project is to develop a system to help people remotely monitor an elder family member that lives alone in a non-intrusive style.
=Problem Definition=
This project aims to develop a system to help people remotely monitor an elder family member that lives alone in a non-intrusive style.
==Background==
The aging population of the world presents enormous monitoring challenge for those who wish to be independent. We even don't know the daily activity of our parents and we can't react as soon as possible when the senior citizens are in danger. with these conditions we cannot keep safety of the senior. As a result an idea emerges in our mind. We establish a system which is affordable and easy to monitor the senior citizen by measuring the power usage and the movement of the person to collect the date and response to the clients' phones in few seconds. A summary of this information will be sent to the cloud which we can analyze and improve our product later.
==Deliverables==
===MICROCONTROLLER===
A microcontroller can operate digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and digital world.
Arduino nano :The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board, each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pin Mode, digital Write, and digital Read functions, the Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers, the Arduino Nano can be programmed with the Arduino software
Arduino uno :The Arduino Uno is the equivalent of a miniature computer without a keyboard or monitor. It's main usage is for prototyping circuits with a breadboard and the Arduino coding platform. We use it as central hub to receive data and upload them to web, it also broaden expansion support for internet connectivity.
===GARAGE & STAIRS MONITORING- ULTRASONIC SENSOR===
350x200px|thumb|left|Ultrasonic
Ultrasonic: Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves.The sensor head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. Ultrasonic Sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and reception. An optical sensor has a transmitter and receiver, whereas an ultrasonic sensor uses a single ultrasonic element for both emission and reception. In a reflective model ultrasonic sensor, a single oscillator emits and receives ultrasonic waves alternately. This enables miniaturization of the sensor head. 
Use: We use it to detect the car whether home or not .
===OUTLET MONITORING- CURRENT TRANSFORMER===
350x200px|thumb|left|CT
CT: A current sensor is a device that detects electric current in a wire, and generates a signal proportional to that current. The generated signal could be analog voltage or current or even a digital output. The generated signal can be then used to display the measured current in an ammeter, or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition system, or can be used for the purpose of control. 
Use: We use it to detect whether the electric appliance like a hairdryer or a microwave is on.
===FRIDGE DOOR- FORCE SENSITIVE SENSOR===
Force Sensitive Resistor:A force-sensing resistor is a material whose resistance changes when a force, pressure or mechanical stress is applied. The FSR's resistance changes as more pressure is applied. When there is no pressure, the sensor looks like an infinite resistor (open circuit), as the pressure increases, the resistance goes down. When the resistance increase to certain value ,the LED or alarm will be triggered. 
Use: We use it to detect whether the fridge is open to make sure the safety of the electrical device
===BOARD TO BOARD COMMUNICATION- NRF24L01===
NRF24L01:The NRF24L01 is a single-chip wireless transceiver chip manufactured by NORDIC that operates in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz ISM band. The output power channel selection and protocol settings can be set by the SPI interface.
===BOARD TO INTERNET COMMUNICATION- ETHERNET SHIELD===
ETHERNET SHIELD:Ethernet Shield allows internet connectivity to Arduino board by using its Ethernet library. We can use this Ethernet library to write sketches (Arduino program written in IDE) that will help us to configure this shield to connect to internet. This shield is compatible with almost all versions of Arduino boards. It enables our board to receive and send data worldwide by providing it internet connection. SD card option is also available in it and we can write and read this card by using SD library. Endless amount of possibilities are provided by just allowing your project to connect to internet.
==Specifications==
Customer needs	Discreet 
Non-obtrusive
Low-cost (budget <= $500) 
Remote
Requirements 	User should have an easy time getting to and reading data from the system. 
No video and audio monitor, or any other types of obtrusive monitoring ways. 
Devices should have sustained power supply. 
Device should be easy to set up.
=Design Considerations=
1）What exactly do we do?
* Our goal is to design a system that can monitor a person in a remote and discreet way.
* The design is mainly based on developing the Arduino board, which is cheap and supported by cross-platform.
2) Who is our target audience?
* Elderly who wish to be more independent and those who are worried about them.
3) What are their motivations?
* Cannot take care of their elder family member who lives independent.
* Most of the monitor systems on the market are based on audio/video recorder. Although this monitoring method is very efficient, but it will also let the person being watched feel uncomfortable.
4) How will our product or service remedy the issue?
* A remote interface is available.
* Use ultrasonic sensor, current transformer and other prototypes of devices to replace of audio and video monitoring methods. And also, the devices are designed as much small as we can, so that they won’t disturb the movement in the house.
* Our system is comprised of multiple small devices that can be placed in high traffic areas and not intrude in the users’ daily life.
* This system is affordable
=Project Learning=
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=Final Design=
Results:
The Ultrasonic Sensor is able to detect the object that passing through the its monitoring region​
The Current Transformer SCT013 can detect the power status of electric appliance​
Based on Force Sensitive Resistor can monitor if the door is closed or not​
All sensors successfully transfer their data to the main hub (Arduino Uno) via nRF transceivers​
The Ethernet Shield provides a connection to website that share all the information on the internet​
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Next step:
Sensor durability - Consider changing trigger device​
Security of web server - Create some sort of password system for cite​
Detection on movement - With better sensors or a combination of multiple sensors​
Robust packaging – Package the design in a more non-intrusive way (Hello Kitty Fridge magnet etc.)
Power issue for sensors - Add battery instead of relying on outlet source
=Validation=
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=Team Members=
Picture 	Introduction
thumb|left	Name: Fanghao Han
Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Xuzhou China 
Graduation Date: Spring 2019 
Email: han1652@vandals.uidaho.edu
thumb|left	Name: Jeremy Perhac
Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: 
Graduation Date: Spring 2019 
Email: perh6658@vandals.uidaho.edu
 	Name: Xiao Liu
Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Changzhou China 
Graduation Date: Spring 2019 
Email: liu1661@vandals.uidaho.edu
 	Name: Yizhou Ye 
Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Changzhou China 
Graduation Date: Spring 2019 
Email: ye4965@vandals.uidaho.edu
=Additional Documentation=
Snapshot 1
Snapshot 2
Preliminary Design review
Engineering Realease review
Client interview