nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Warfare and the Environment

Environmental Problems Can Be Causes if to War
○
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war
○
Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons: The production, testing, transport and use of these advanced weapons are perhaps the single most destructive effects of war on the environment. Though their use has been strictly limited since the bombing of Japan by the U.S. military at the end of World War II, military analysts have grave concerns about the proliferation of nuclear material and chemical and biological weaponry. "We've been very fortunate that we have not seen the devastation that we might see," said Bruch.
Researchers point to the use of depleted uranium (DU) as one particularly dangerous military trend. DU is a byproduct of the uranium-enrichment process. Almost twice as dense as lead, it's valued in weapons for its ability to penetrate tank armor and other defenses. An estimated 320 tons of DU were used in the Gulf War in 1991; in addition to soil contamination, experts are concerned that soldiers and civilians may have been exposed to dangerous levels of the compound.
Habitat Destruction: Perhaps the most famous example of habitat devastation occurred during the Vietnam War, when U.S. forces sprayed herbicides like Agent Orange on the forests and mangrove swamps that provided cover to guerrilla soldiers. An estimated 20 million gallons of herbicide were used, decimating about 4.5 million acres of the countryside. 
○
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
... detailed scientific and economic assessment tools to solve the extremely complicated problems of preventing, assigning liability for, and redressing ecological and human wartime damage...a must-read for anyone wishing to understand the effects of armed conflict beyond simple causalty figures or destroyed material." International Politics
http://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Consequences-War-Scientific-Perspectives/dp/0521780209
Category:Nuclear Weapons
Category:Warfare and the Environment
Warren Wilson College, NC Campus Sustainability Initiatives

Type: Policy
Status: Adopted
Source File: http://www.warren-wilson.edu/environmental/initiatives.php
Description:
Campus Sustainability Initiatives
Warren Wilson College seeks to provide an education combining the liberal arts, work, and service with a strong commitment to environmental responsibility and cross-cultural understanding in a setting that promotes wisdom, spiritual growth, and contribution to the common good.
Warren Wilson demonstrates its strong commitment to environmental responsibility through these commitments:
* strive within the limits of practical considerations to conserve energy and resources, reduce waste, purchase environmentally friendly products, and minimize our adverse impact on the surrounding environment.
* recognize and promote efforts to increase a deep, aesthetic, spiritually based awareness of our connection to the environment among the members of this and the larger community.
* promote sound environmental citizenship by consciously supporting programs and behaviors that display a willingness to sacrifice personal interests and conveniences for a larger ecological integrity.
* promote sound institutional practices, which balance environmental concerns with the long-term well being of the college.
* respect and apply the College's Environmental Commitment Statement, Pattern Language and commitment to the Talloires Declaration.
Demonstrating Commitment
The following areas have developed sustainability initiatives that demonstrate the colleges commitment to environmental responsibility:
Environmental Literacy
* Environmental Education student working at the North Carolina Coastal Federation
* Conservation Biology student working with the National Audubon Society's Seabird Restoration Program
* Conservation Biology student working at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Preserve
* Teaching EcoTeam Environmental Education Curriculum in third grade
Food Systems
* Student-conceived "Cow Pie" vegetarian cafe
* Cow Pie herb garden
* Food supplied from college garden
* Compost program in cafeteria
Transportation
* Student-initiated biodiesel program for vehicles and equipment
* Hybrid cars in the college motorpool
* Public transportation
* Solar-charged electric golfcarts
Green Building Practices
* Alternative building methods
* Campus-harvested and milled lumber and recycled materials
* Buildings constructed to LEEDS standards
* EcoDorm, planned with students, showcases environmental living
Land Use
* Sustainable farming practices
* Managed forests (with soy-based chainsaw bar oil)
* Propane-powered equipment
* Gardening to organic standards
Recycling and Waste Management
* Campus-wide recycling program
* "Free Store" for used goods
* Student Garbology studies
Energy Conservation
* EPA Green Light Compliance through use of compact fluorescents
* SIPs insulation
* PV powered street lamp
* Use of active and passive solar energy in green design
Category:Colleges
Category:North Carolina
Category:Policies
Category:Sustainability Policies
Warrensville Heights, OH Requesting a Moratorium on Home Foreclosures

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 2/5/08
Source File: http://www.larouchepac.com/news/2008/02/07/warrensville-heights-ohio-passes-homeowner-and-bank-protecti.html
Text:
RESOLUTION NO. 2008 – 004
REQUESTING A MORATORIUM ON HOME FORECLOSURES AND FOR CONGRESSIONAL ENACTMENT OF A HOMEOWNERS AND BANK PROTECTION ACT.
WHEREAS, the foreclosure crisis continues to squeeze families in Warrensville Heights, as well as other Ohio families, no relief as yet has come from Washington, and Congress has held numerous hearings on the issue, but has yet to send a bill to President Bush for his signature that tightens lending policies or helps homeowners at-risk of foreclosure; and
WHEREAS, the onrushing financial crisis involving home mortgages, debt instruments of all types and the banking system of the United States threatens to set off an economic collapse worse than the Great Depression of the 1930s; and
WHEREAS, millions of Americans are faced with foreclosures and loss of their homes over the coming months; and
WHEREAS, this financial crisis threatens the integrity of both Federal and State chartered banks, as typified by the run on deposits of Countrywide Financial Corporation in California during the month of August, which could wipe out the life savings of too many American people and drastically undermine the economic stability of our states and cities; and
WHEREAS, under similar circumstances in the 1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt successfully intervened to protect banks and homeowners, addressing Congress with a declaration of national policy on April 13, 1933, which stated, “that the broad interests of the Nation require that special safeguards should be thrown around home ownership as a guarantee of social and economic stability, and that to protect homeowners from inequitable enforced liquidation in a time of general distress is a proper concern of the Government;
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of Warrensville Heights that:
SECTION 1. That this Council requests a moratorium on home foreclosures and for congressional enactment of a homeowners and bank protection act specifically to:
* Establish a federal agency to place Federal and State chartered banks under protection, freezing all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjusting mortgage values to fair prices, restructuring existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates and writing off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities, financial derivatives and other forms of financial pyramid schemes that have brought the banking system to the point of bankruptcy;
* Declare a moratorium on all home foreclosures for the duration of the transitional period, allowing families to retain their homes;
Category:City Governments
Category:Foreclosures
Category:Ohio
Category:Resolutions
Warwick, RI Lead Hazard Reduction Program

Type: Program
Status: Ongoing
Source File: http://www.warwickri.gov/communitydevelopment/leadgrant/main.htm
Description:
Warwick Lead Hazard Reduction Program
Providing financial and technical assistance to homeowners and landlords to reduce hazards due to lead-based paint in Warwick’s housing.
Program Goals:
* To reduce the exposure of Warwick’s children to lead paint and other sources.
* To increase public awareness about the hazards of lead paint.
* To promote safe and effective methods of reducing lead paint hazards.
* To provide grants/loans to homeowners and landlords to reduce lead hazards in housing.
* To collect information on the most cost effective techniques for lead paint hazard reduction.
Warwick Lead Hazard Reduction Program Guidelines and Resources:
In order to meet the goals outlined above, a number of resources are available to homeowners, landlords, and tenants:
Loan Information & Eligibility Requirements - Residential properties or apartments constructed before 1978 may be eligible for up to $10K assistance.
Application - To determine eligibility for this program, please fill out our secure, online form.
Primary Resources:
Key Questions - Lead poisoning is one of the most common environmental child health problems in the United States and is caused by too much lead in the body. Lead is especially harmful to children younger than 6, but anyone who eats, drinks or breathes something which has too much lead can get lead poisoning. Some of the most common questions are:
* What is lead poisoning?
* Where does lead come from?
* How can parents find out if their child has too much lead?
* What do the lead test results mean?
* What can parents do to reduce their children's blood-lead levels?
* What about removing lead-based paint from a house?
Additional Resources - If you are looking for more clinical information about lead poisoning, or would like to learn more about State and Federal resources and recommendations, try our extensive link library.
Lead education for kids - Did you know that lead poisoning is the most common childhood environmental danger in Rhode Island? Click here to learn more about lead.
Category:City Governments
Category:Hazardous Waste
Category:Programs
Category:Rhode Island
Washington, DC Encourages Hybrids and Discourages SUVs

Type: Ordinance
Status: Adopted in December 2004
Source File: http://www.dccouncil.washington.dc.us/images/00001/20041217093718.pdf
Summary:
In December 2004 the Washington, DC adopted the Department of Motor Vehicle’s Reform Amendment Act, which is intended to encourage the use of hybrid cars and discourage the use of SUVs. 
Under the new Act, owners of hybrid and other alternative fuel vehicles are no longer required to pay an excise tax and their registration fee is cut in half. Heavy passenger vehicles, on the other hand, must pay an increased excise tax of 8% (up from 7%) and an increased registration fee.
Thus, an owner whose SUV had a sticker prices of $60,000 would pay an excise tax of $4.800 (an increase of $600). The owner of a hybrid vehicle would pay nothing. Registration fees for SUVs increased from $115 to $155 and registration fees for hybrids decreased from $72 to $36. A representative from DC’s Department of Motor Vehicles explained that they hope to discourage SUV use because SUVs are worse for the environment and the City’s roads.
Category:City Governments
Category:District of Columbia
Category:Gas-Powered Transportation
Category:Ordinances
Washington, DC School Board Resolution Prohibiting the Use of Irradiated Food

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 5/19/04
Source File: http://www.k12.dc.us/boe/Documents/resolutions/2004/R04-36%20%20Banning%20Irradiated%20Meat.pdf
Text:
RESOLUTION R04-36
MEMBERS OF THE D.C. BOARD OF EDUCATION PRESENT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION RESOLUTION PROHIBITING THE USE OF IRRADIATED FOOD
WHEREAS, On May 29, 2003, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced that irradiated meat may, for the first time, be used by local school districts in their federally subsidized lunch program, and the USDA indicated that districts will be able to, but not mandated to, purchase irradiated meat as of January 2004;
WHEREAS, although the sale of irradiated meat has been available to the general public since 1999, only now has it been permitted in our public school meals programs;
WHEREAS, there have been no comprehensive long term studies done on humans regarding the health effects associated with the consumption of irradiated foods as a regular part of their diet;
WHEREAS, there is a significant body of research that indicates young children are the most susceptible population to cumulative toxins, additives, and chemical/radioactive processes, and there is still controversy and debate in the medical and scientific communities as to acceptable levels of radiation and long-term effects of radiation on food products;
WHEREAS, cooking meat to 160 degrees Fahrenheit kills all of the bacteria that irradiation does, and also kills bacteria that may have contaminated meat through improper handling and storage, which irradiation will not destroy;
WHEREAS, the D.C. Board of Education to committed to providing nutritious and unadulterated foods to our students as health has a fundamental effect on an individual’s ability to learn;
BE IT RESOLVED, that the District of Columbia Board of Education prohibits the use of any and all irradiated food products in our Food Services breakfast, lunch, and snack programs at all DCPS schools.
BE IT RESOLVED, that the District of Columbia Board of Education shall conduct public hearings on this matter at such time as the Food Services Department wishes to consider the use of such foods and prior to entering into any contracts to purchase or use irradiated foods;
BE IT RESOLVED, that the District of Columbia Board of Education will review this policy in five (5) years to reassess the health concerns that exist around the consumption of irradiated foods.
Category:District of Columbia
Category:Food-Related Policies
Category:Resolutions
Category:School Districts
Washington County, MN Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 8/5/03
Vote: Unanimous
Source File: http://www.co.washington.mn.us/client_files/documents/phe/SHW//SHW-EPPBoardResolution.pdf
Text:
RESOLUTION NO. 2003-132
WHEREAS, the Washington County Board of Commissioners adopted in February 1999 the Washington County Solid Waste Management Master Plan and the Solid Waste Management Coordinating Board's Regional Solid Waste Master Plan respectively; and
WHEREAS, these plans call for the county to act as a leader in procuring environmentally preferable products; and include an outcome which states that Washington County "will reduce waste generated from its operations by adopting an Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy"; and
WHEREAS, the President of the United States and the Governor of Minnesota have issued Executive Orders on environmentally preferable purchasing, leading to the adoption of environmental standards for purchasing decisions made by federal, state and local governments; and
WHEREAS, Minnesota Statutes Section 16B.122 provides direction to local government on the purchase of products that lead to waste and toxicity reduction, that are recyclable, and/or that contain recycled materials; and
WHEREAS, the Solid Waste Management Coordinating Board has published the "Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Guide" as a tool to help counties and other local governments to include environmental considerations in purchasing decision.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the Washington County Board of Commissioners is committed to environmentally preferable purchasing and directs the Departments of Administration, Public Health and Environment, and Transportation and Physical Development, in coordination with other departments when appropriate, to establish standards, criteria, and/or procedures for the county's environmentally preferable purchasing decisions; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, the Washington County Board of Commissioners directs county departments to consider environmental factors in making purchasing decisions, including, but not limited to, toxicity or hazardous character, air quality, workplace safety, energy and water consumption, post-consumer recycled content, compliance with applicable regulations, and material life-cycle issues such as recyclability or disposal requirements; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, the Washington County Board of Commissioners directs the Department of Public Health and Environment to provide leadership to municipalities, school districts and other public entities in Washington County, where appropriate, to incorporate environmentally preferable purchasing principles in making purchasing decisions.
Category:Buy Green Policy
Category:County Governments
Category:Minnesota
Category:Resolutions
Washington County, MN Purchase of Recycled Content Paint

Type: Resolution
Status: Adopted on 7/10/01
Vote: Unanimous
Source File: http://www.co.washington.mn.us/client_files/documents/phe/SHW//SHW-PaintResolution.pdf
Text:
RESOLUTION NO. 2001-079
WHEREAS, the Washington County Waste Management Master Plan includes an outcome which states that Washington County will "increase the use of substitute products that do not contain toxic/hazardous materials and if appropriate will use reprocessed and recycled hazardous waste"; and
WHEREAS, the Washington County Waste Management Coordinating Board, at its April 25, 2001 meeting, passed a resolution that:
:(1) Encourages Minnesota counties, cities, states and othet jurisdictions to begin using or increase the use of recycled content latex paint on government projects;
:(2) Asks each participating Solid Waste Management Coordinating Board county, the Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to identify, by June 27, 2001 meeting, at least one major construction or renovation project where recycled content paint will be used in the next 12 months and;
:(3) Asks each participating Solid Waste Management Coordinating Board county to incorporate into their contract specifications a requirement and waiver provision that recycled content paint be used rather than virgin paint on county construction and renovation projects; and
WHEREAS, recycled content paint is now available through a State contract and from at least two vendors and has been successfully tested on a number of demonstration projects.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Washington County Board of Commissioners supports the use of recycled content paint to be used on the pole building at the north public works shop;
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that Washington County will incorporate into its building contract specifications a requirement and waiver provision that recycled content paint be used rather than virgin paint, when feasible, on county building construction and renovation projects.
Category:County Governments
Category:Minnesota
Category:Recycling
Category:Resolutions
Washington DC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.
At night from the International Space Station
White House
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WhiteHouseSouthFacade.JPG/1280px-WhiteHouseSouthFacade.JPG
US Capitol / Congress
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_Capitol_from_NW.JPG/1280px-US_Capitol_from_NW.JPG
Category:State
Category:Washington DC
Washington Elementary School District, AZ Sustainable Efforts

Type: Policy
Status: Ongoing
Source File: http://www.wesd.k12.az.us/index.php?action=viewArticle&id=331
Description:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle - those three words are themes throughout every part of the Washington Elementary School District as we do our part to protect the environment. We've made this a District-wide priority as we enter the 2008-2009 school year.
Every building in the District - all 32 schools, the Administrative Center and other District offices - has undergone a recent energy audit. This was done so we know current energy usage; we've looked at electric and gas usage, water usage and energy efficiency information to establish baselines. Using that information, each campus will develop and implement this fall an energy action plan with the goal of reducing utility and water usage by at least 10 percent.
This is just one phase of our District-wide efforts. Others include:
* District-wide irrigation is used rather than sprinkler systems whenever possible.
* We are recycling metal from construction and renovation projects rather than adding to the landfill.
* Asphalt and concrete removed during construction projects are broken down and the material is used as the base when new concrete is poured.
* Over the summer, Lookout Mountain Elementary School has been piloting the use of an organic substance on their fields that is designed to increase soil aeration to ultimately reduce water usage. 
* Older air conditioning systems at several schools have been replaced with more energy-efficient systems.
* Lighting is being replaced with higher-efficiency lighting.
* Many schools have begun ecology and recycling programs that include student participation (newspaper and plastic bag recycling, in particular).
* We are working toward incorporating environmental education into the curriculum.
Additionally, it is our goal to have paper recycling on every campus in the near future.
As we look to the future of the Washington Elementary School District, we are always cognizant of our impact on the environment. We value our community, which entrusts us to responsibly manage our fiscal resources.
Category:Arizona
Category:Policies
Category:School Districts
Category:Sustainability Policies
Washington State University Compost Facility

Type: Program
Status: Launched in 1994
Source File: http://facops.wsu.edu/Compost/compost_home.htm
Description:
The WSU Compost Facility supports Washington State University's missions by managing the Universities organic waste stream in an efficient, effective and safe manner. The WSU Compost Facility full Strategic Plan is available as a PDF document.
The Compost Facility began operations in October 1994. The facility was the first university based compost facility to process all campus generated organic waste. Approximately 25,000 cubic yards are composted annually on 4 acres of asphalt surface. Research has been conducted at the facility to determine how feed stocks affect quality and effectiveness of inoculants and additives. The site is extensively toured by WSU compost classes, local K-12 schools and other universities.
Category:Colleges
Category:Composting
Category:Programs
Category:Washington