nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Contact print

== Description ==
A photographic print made by direct contact with a photosensitive paper (contact paper). To create an image, the emulsion side of the contact paper, such as chloride paper, is placed against the emulsion side of the negative. The combined layers are exposed to a bright light source, such as daylight, then the image was fixed with a chemical such as thiosulfate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
projection print
Category:Materials database
Contaminant

== Description ==
An impurity or foreign substance present in a material or environment that affects one or more properties of the material (ASTM).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Verunreinigung (Deut.); contaminant (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Conte crayon

== Description ==
A former brand name for a hard, square-shaped, drawing stick. Conté crayons were developed by Nicholas Jacques Conté just before the turn of the 19th century. Originally the wood-encased crayons contained graphite and clay (see graphite pencil). Soon after other pigments, such as lamp black, sepia and chalk were added for color variations. Currently, small amounts of organic binders, such as fatty oils, are added to some Conté crayons giving them a slightly greasy feel. Conté crayons produce produce a thick dense line. They have been used for lithography and artistic drawings. Since the lines abrade and smear readily, they are often sprayed with a fixative.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Conté crayon; crayon conté (Fr.)
== Comparisons ==
== Additional Images ==
File:Conte_crayon_gen3.jpg|Conte crayon
File:Fab. Red Conte Crayon 500x.jpg|Fabricated red conte crayon
== Resources and Citations ==
* H.Stratis, "Conté Crayon" in Media & Techniques of Works of Art on Paper, New York University, 1999
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Control sample

== Description ==
A sample used as a base for comparison in materials testing. To prepare an experimental control sample, a portion of the material to be tested is placed under controlled conditions such that all parameters are identical for both the test sample and the control sample except for the variable being studied. Sometimes in light exposure studies, the control is prepared by masking half of the sample. To prepare a blank control, or file sample, a portion of the material to be tested is placed in optimum non-aging conditions so that the exposed sample can be compared to the material in its original condition, i.e. the blank control. For comparison of terms, see reference, and standard.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Vergleichsprobe (Deut.); éprouvette (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Convection

== Description ==
The circulation of heat in a gas or liquid. Convection may occur naturally due to differences in density. For example, warm air is less dense than cool air causing it to rise while the cool air sinks. Circulation also be induced by external forces such as a fan, pump or pressure gradient.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Konvektion (Deut.); convection (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Cooked oil varnish

== Description ==
A varnish prepared by dissolving a natural resin, such as copal, in a hot drying oil. Cooked oil varnishes may also contain metallic driers and volatile solvents. When dried, cooked oil varnishes form a tough, insoluble film. Oil varnishes dry by polymerization producing a tough, insoluble film. They have a dark initial color that darkens more with age. When used on oil paintings, they may cause cracking and wrinkling of the paint layers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hard oil varnish; barniz de aceite cocido (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
Category:Materials database
Cool white fluorescent lamp

== Description ==
[General Electric] A trademark for a high efficiency fluorescent lamp with a color temperature of 4200 K. Cool white lamps give a white reflection on a neutral surface. In general these lamps blend with natural daylight and give good color acceptance. The standard Cool white fluorescent lamp has strong yellow, orange and blue-violet lines but weak red causing red objects to appear brown and blue objects to appear violet. The Deluxe Cool white lamps give better color representation and simulate natural daylight.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Kaltlichtlampe (Deut.); lâmpada fluorescente (Port.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Phillips codes: 33, 840
==Resources and Citations==
* T.Brill, Light: Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities. Plenum Press, New York, 1980.
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, G113, 1371-1373, Sep-94
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp (accessed Jan. 6, 2006)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Copaiba balsam

== Description ==
A viscous, oleoresin obtained from South American deciduous trees of the genus Copaifera, native to the Amazon valley and banks of the Orinoco river. The volatile oil and resin contain one or more of the followings acids: illuric, metacopaivic, copaivic, and oxycopaivic. Copaiba balsam was brought to Europe in the 17th century for medicinal use. In the mid-19th century, copaiba balsam (para) with ethanol vapor was used as a varnish cleaner (Pettenkofer method) for oil paintings with blanched and cracked surfaces. However, the no-longer used method produced unwanted long-term effects because the resin penetrated paint and canvas, slightly dissolved linseed oil and left residual resin that darkened with age. In the early 20th century, copaiba balsam was used as a glossy additive in paint media, but later discontinued because of its tendency to darken, interfere with drying and produce cracked paints. Copaiba balsam is currently used to make tracing and photographic papers. 
Types include: 
1) para balsam (60-90% copaiba oil) - Brazil 
2) maracaibo balsam (40% copaiba oil) - Venezuela
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
básamo de copaiba (Esp.); balsamo copaibe (It); balsamo copaive (It); para balsam; maracaibo balsam; Jesuits' balsam; balsam capivi; copaiva resin; copaiva balsam; Pettenkofer method
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether, oils, carbon disulfide, absolute alcohol, ligroin. Insoluble in water. 
For para: 
* Saponification number = 80-100
* Acid number = 75-100.
* Density = 0.930-0.995 g/ml
* Refractive Index = 1.500 -1.506
==Resources and Citations==
* S.Schmitt, "The Reprint of Professor Max von Pettenkofer's 1870 publication Über Ölfarbe in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, France 1999. p.188-193.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 384
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
* Paintings Specialty Group, Painting Conservation Catalog, Wendy Samet (ed.), AIC, Washington, DC, 1998
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2580
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Copaiba oil

== Description ==
A low viscosity oil distilled from copaiba balsam resin. Copaiba oil is a transparent, yellowish oil with a strong smell. It thickens with age, becoming resinous in a few days. Copaiba oil was recommended in 1915 as an additive to slow the drying of oil paints. However, because copaiba prevents the complete oxidation of the linseed oil and can later soften in warm conditions, this practice was quickly discouraged.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copaiva oil; aceite de copaiba (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
Category:Materials database
Copal varnish

== Description ==
Any varnish containing a copal resin. Copal resins form a very hard varnish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hard oil varnish
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Copalite

== Description ==
A fossil resin similar to copal but obtained from temperate regions. Copalite was obtained from the blue clay of Highland Hill near London, England and has also been found in the low-grade coals of Utah. It occurs as pale yellow, irregular fragments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copaline; Highgate resin; Highland Hill copal
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Burns with a very smoky yellow flame.
Mohs Hardness	1.5
Melting Point	165 C
Density 	1.046 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 128
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* "Copal of Zanzibar" at www.carriagemuseumlibrary.org/copal_zanzibar.htm
* "Types of Amber, Copal & Resin" at www.gplatt.demon.co.uk/typesof.htm
Category:Materials database
Copolymer

== Description ==
A high molecular weight compound produced from one or more different monomers. A copolymer is a chemical combination of the monomers rather than a physical mixture of the polymers. An examples is SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copolímero (Esp.); copolymère (Fr.); copolimero (It.); copolímero (Port.)
Category:Materials database
Copper-8-quinolate

== Description ==
Yellow-green, nonhygroscopic, odorless powder. Copper-8-quinolate is used as a fungicide. It is often used in fish and animal glues.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper-8; copper oxinate; oxine copper; copper-8-hydroxyquinoline; Cunilate 2174-NO
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiCOPPER8.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion.
* Gelest: ]https://www.gelest.com/wp-content/uploads/AKC253.2_COPPER-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINATE_GHS-US_English-US.pdf SDS]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in strong acids. Slightly soluble in weak acids, pyridine, quinoline. Insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
Composition 	Cu(C9H6ON)2
CAS 	10380-28-6
Density 	1.63 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 351.9
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
Category:Materials database
Copper abietate

== Description ==
Thin, green platelets obtained from heating copper hydroxide with abietic acid. Copper abietate is used as a preservative and fungicide in metal paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cupric abietate
== Risks ==
* Toxic.
* NIH: Safety sheet
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Insoluble in water.
* Composition = Cu(C20H29O2)2
Category:Materials database
Copper acetate

== Description ==
A dark green crystalline powder. Copper acetate is prepared by the reaction of acetic acid with copper oxide. The green is unstable and can leave a black residue upon decomposition. Copper acetate is also used as a pesticide, fungicide, catalyst, textile dye and as a pigment for paints, inks, and ceramics. 
See also copper acetate, basic.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|copper acetate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper (II) acetate; cupric acetate; cupric diacetate; crystals of Venus, crystallized verdigris; verdet
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion. 
* Contact causes irritation and burns. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, ethanol. Slightly soluble in ether, glycerol.
Composition 	Cu(C2H3O2)2-H2O
CAS 	142-71-2
Melting Point 	115 C
Density 	1.882 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 181.64
Boiling Point 	240 C (dec)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.231
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2690
Category:Materials database
Copper acetate, basic

== Description ==
A blue green crystalline powder called verdigris. Basic copper acetate has been prepared since ancient times by exposing copper to vapors of fermenting grape skin solutions. It is a complex compound that contains cupric acetate, cupric hydroxide and water in varying proportions. Common verdigris, or green verdigris, has the proportions of 2:1:5 (cupric acetate: cupric hydroxide:water) while French verdigris, or blue verdigris, has the proportions of 1:1:5, respectively. When combined with terpenoid resins, such as Venice turpentine, verdigris forms copper resinate. Verdigris is also used as a pesticide, fungicide, catalyst, textile dye and pigment for paints, ceramics. 
Note: The term verdigris is also commonly, but incorrectly, applied to any blue-green patina formed on outdoor copper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
verdigris; copper acetate hydrate; acetato básico de cobre (Esp.); cardenillo (Esp.); acetate de cuivre (Fr.); acetato di rame basico (It.); acetato básico de cobre (Port.); copper subacetate; common verdigris; green verdigris; French verdigris; blue verdigris
== Risks; ==
* Toxic by ingestion. 
* May turn brown or black in contact with air.
* SigmaAldrich: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acids and ammonia. Slightly soluble in ethanol, water.
Composition 	Cu(C2H3O2).CuO(OH)2
Refractive Index	1.53; 1.56
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry #2691
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Copper acetoarsenite

== Description ==
A bright green powder known as the pigment emerald green. Copper acetoarsenite is prepared by reacting sodium arsenite with copper sulfate and acetic acid. First manufacturered in 1814, it has a brilliant green color that was used in oil and watercolor paints in the 19th century. It is no longer used in artist paints because of its toxicity and poor color permanency. Copper acetoarsenite is currently used as a wood preservative, larvicide and antifouling agent in marine paints.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|f394sem.jpg~SEM|f394edsbw.jpg~EDS]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
emerald green; Pigment Green 21; CI 77410; verde esmeralda (Esp.); vert cendre (Fr.); acetoarsenito di rame (It.); cupric acetoarsenite; copper acetate arsenite; king's green; Paris green; Schweinfurt green; mineral green; imperial green; Mitis green; parrot green; Vienna green; new green; patent green; Emperor green; Kaiser green; meadow green; English green
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in mineral acids, ethanol, potassium cyanide. Insoluble in water. 
* Decomposes in alkalis. 
* Darkens in the presence of sulfur or lead compounds.
Composition 	Cu(C2H3O2)2.3Cu(AsO2)2
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 1013.8
Refractive Index	1.71 - 1.7
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2692
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
Category:Materials database
Copper arsenite

== Description ==
A light yellowish-green toxic powder known as the pigment Scheele's green. Copper arsenite was discovered in Sweden 1775 by C.W. Scheele, a German chemist, but he did not publish the recipe until 1778. Scheele's green was never widely used as a paint pigment because it was toxic and discolored in the presence of acid or sulfur fumes. Currently, it is used as a rodenticide, insecticide, fungicide, and wood preservative.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ScheelesUCL.jpg~Raman (UCL)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Scheele's green; cupric arsenite; Pigment Green 22; CI 77412; mineral green; ash green; cupric acid orthoarsenite; copper orthoarsenite
== Risks ==
* Extremely toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Human carcinogen. 
* May produce toxic arsenic fumes when decomposed by fungi.
* NIH: Safety sheet
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in mineral acids, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide. Insoluble in water. Decomposes in alkalis. Darkens in the presence of sulfur or lead compounds.
Composition 	CuHAsO3
CAS 	10290-12-7
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 187.5
Refractive Index	1.55 - 1.75
==Resources and Citations==
* D.A.Scott, Copper and Bronze in Art: Corrosion, Colorants, Conservation, Getty Publications, Los Angeles, 2002.
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Copper chloride

== Description ==
Anhydrous copper chloride has dark yellow crystals that absorb water to form green deliquescent crystals. Copper chloride is used as a disinfectant, fungicide, and wood preservative. It is also used as a fixer in photography, a mordant in dyeing textiles and a component in indelible inks. In metallurgy, copper chloride is used refine gold and silver, to recover mercury from ore, and to electroplate copper on aluminum. Copper chloride is also used as a glass and ceramics pigment.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cupric chloride; copper (II) chloride
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Copper chlorides, mostly atacamite.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|copper chloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Skin contact causes irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in alcohols, water and acetone. Aqueous solution is acidic.
Composition 	CuCl2
CAS 	7447-39-4
Density 	2.54 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 134.45
Refractive Index	1.644, 1.684, 1.742
==Resources and Citations==
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2699
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.644, 1.684, 1.742
Category:Materials database
Copper fluosilicate

== Description ==
Blue efflorescent crystals. Copper fluosilicate is used to dye and harden white marble.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cupric silicofluoride; cupric fluosilicate; cupric silicofluoride; cupric hexafluorosilicate
== Risks ==
Toxic by inhalation or ingestion.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol.
Composition 	CuSiF6-4H2O
Melting Point	decomposes
Density 	2.158 g/ml
Category:Materials database
Copper glance

== Description ==
Common name for cuprous sulfide or chalcocite prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985). It was also called vitreous copper during that time period.
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
Category:Materials database
Copper green

== Description ==
1) A pale blue green pigment made from copper salts (Bucher 1996). 
2) A generic term used when XRF analysis determines that a green color pigment contains copper. In this case the term can refer to malachite as well as copper trihydroxychlorides (atacamite, paratacamite, Clinoatacamite, botallackite), copper acetates (verdigris), copper sulfates (antlerite, brochantite) and others (Tyrolite, Veszelyite).
==Synonyms and Related Terms==
copper salts
==Resources and Citations==
* Ruth Siddall, 'Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials' Minerals Vol 8, p. 201 (2018). Link
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Copper hydroxide

== Description ==
A bright blue-green gel or light blue powder. Cupric hydroxide will decompose with time or heat to form black copper oxide. It is used as a source for copper salts and as a mordant in dyeing textiles. Copper hydroxide reacts with ammonium hydroxide to form the cuprammonium ion that is capable of dissolving cellulose. It is used in the manufacture of rayon. Copper hydroxide has also been reported as a component in marine corrosion crusts on copper alloys (Scott 1997).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper (II) hydroxide; cupric hydroxide; copper oxide hydrated; copper hydrate
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in acids, ammonium hydroxide. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	Cu(OH)2
CAS 	20427-59-2
Melting Point 	decomposes
Density 	3.368 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 97.56
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2709
* David Scott, 'Copper Compounds in Metals and Colorants: Oxides and Hydroxides', Studies in Conservation, 42, 93-100, 1997
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database