nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
NCDEX Gold (100 g)

|exch = National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange 
|cname = Gold (100 g) 
|commod = Gold 
|ctype = Financial 
|settle = 
|months = All months 
|fnd = 
|ltd = 20th day of the delivery month. If 20th happens to be a holiday, a Saturday or a Sunday then the due date shall be immediately preceding trading day other than a Saturday of the Exchange. 
|unit = 100 grams 
|ptdesc = 
|ptval = 
|tickPt = 
|tickVal = 1 Rupee 
|elect = Y 
|elHours = Mondays through Fridays: 10:00 AM to 11:30 PM
Saturdays: 10:00 AM to 02:00 PM 
|elLimit = Daily price fluctuation limit is (+/-) 4%. If the trade hits the prescribed daily price limit there will be a cooling off period for 15 minutes. Trade will be allowed during this cooling off period within the price band of (+/-) 4%. Thereafter the price band would be raised by another 50% of the existing limit i.e. (+/-) 2%.
No trade / order shall be permitted during the day beyond the revised limit of (+/-) 6% except such further variations as may be permitted by the regulators.
On the first day of any new contract, the limit on daily price fluctuation will be reckoned with reference to the opening price. On the second and subsequent days, the daily price fluctuation limit will be reckoned with reference to the mark-to-market rate of the previous closing day. 
|elSym = GOLD100MUM 
|outcry = 
|ooHours = 
|ooLimit = 
|ooSym = 
|oed = 
|options = 
|opUnit = 
|opMonths = 
|opPtdesc = 
|opPtval = 
|opTickPt = 
|opTickVal = 
|opExercise= 
|opElect = 
|opEHours = 
|opELimit = 
|opESym = 
|opOutcry = 
|opOHours = 
|opOLimit = 
|opOSym = 
|opStrike = 
}}
== Notes ==
== Resources ==
NCDEX Gold (100 g) Contract Specifications
Category:National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange
Category:NCDEX Contracts
Category:Metals
Category:Gold
NCDEX Jeera

== Notes ==
Jeera (also known as jira or zira) is the name for cumin commonly used in India. The plants are mainly sown between late October to early November, and requires 3 to 4 months before the plants are ready to be harvested. It requires a drier climate to grow properly, with India, Sri Lanka, Syria, Pakistan, and Turkey being the major producers of the spice in the world today.
== Resources ==
NCDEX Jeera Contract Specifications
==References==
Category:National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange
Category:NCDEX Contracts
NCDEX Silver

The 30 Kg silver contract traded on National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Ltd. ("NCDEX") is a physically delivered contract with price bands of 4, 6 and 9%. Position limits for exchange members on the contracts are for a maximum of 300 metric tonnes or 15% of the market-wide open interest, whichever is higher. For clients, the position limit is 60 metric tonnes.
== Notes ==
== Resources ==
*NCDEX Silver Contract Specifications
*Product Note
*Accredited Warehouse & Assayer Details
*Demat Stocks Location along with FED
*Pre Expiry Margins
*Historical Futures Prices
*Historical Spot Prices
*ISIN Information
*Delivery Ready Reckoner
*Silver Refiners
*Launch & Crop Calendar
==References==
Category:Silver Contracts
Category:NCDEX
Category:NCDEX Contracts
NChain

NChain is a fintech company specializing in cryptocurrency software development and research. Its chief scientist is Dr. Craig Wright, famous for being the first individual publicly to claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.
== Background ==
NChain was founded in 2017 by Dr. Craig Wright. Jimmy Nguyen, the company's current CEO, joined the company in December 2017.
== Overview ==
Dr. Craig Wright founded the company in order to help bitcoin "scale and grow...to become what it was envisioned to be.” This quote, of course, came before the historic bitcoin fork that led to the creation of Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Since this occurred, nChain has fully thrown in its support with BCH. The company's official blog refers to bitcoin's original, or "legacy" blockchain as the "SegWit" blockchain, which is short for "segregated witness," a technical update to the bitcoin blockchain's code that would allow it to adjust to increased usage and transactions imprinted on the blockchain while reducing the speed and cost of making transactions.
To this end, much of nChain's current production involves making and releasing software development kits (SDKs) to help create applications and technical solutions for BCH. In April 2018, nChain announced it would be offering smart contract patents exclusively to developers in the Bitcoin Cash community through a software protocol they invented. The company secured its first approved patent with the European Patent Office (EPO) for an "automated management method for blockchain-enforced smart contracts." This automated management method, curated by Dr. Wright, would allow the storing of digital assets and open-source, or "free" development tools for members of the Bitcoin Cash network. 
=== Handcash Wallet ===
In May 2018, nChain acquired HandCash, a wallet that allows users to make peer-to-peer payments using a simple physical motion with a smartphone. Instead of relying on public addresses or QR codes, the creators of HandCash designed it so that two users can transfer cryptocurrency to each other by holding their mobile devices close to each other, similar to contactless credit cards and Apple Pay. Those involved with the HandCash project have said that they specifically planned on using BCH for its "low fees and instant confirmations." The wallet also allows users to identify each other using usernames, or "handle" names, instead of relying on public addresses or QR codes.
=== Bitcoin SV ===
In August 2018, nChain proposed the integration of "Bitcoin SV" (SV stands for "Satoshi Vision") as an alternative upgrade to a controversial upgrade proposed by ABC Bitcoin, a rival developer. This added to the already derisive tension in the Bitcoin Cash community, raising concerns that the community may split following a hard fork, similar to the split that originally created Bitcoin Cash.
== References ==
 
Category: fintech
Category: digital assets
Category: decentralized applications
Category: distributed ledgers
Category: definitions
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: altcoins
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki
NEO (Aequitas Innovations, Neo Exchange and Neo Connect)

NEO is the aggregate business name for Aequitas Innovations, Neo Exchange and Neo Connect. 
NEO Exchange is the third most active marketplace in Canada, consistently representing close to 15% of all volume traded in Canadian-listed securities. NEO is home to more than 170 unique public listings, including public companies, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs), Growth Acquisition Corporations (G-Corps™), and Closed-End Funds (CEFs). NEO-listed securities market data is available to investors in real-time, at no cost.
Cboe Global Markets acquired NEO on June 1, 2022. With its ownership of NEO, Cboe said it expected to provide an enhanced Canadian equities offering and to further grow Canada as a hub for global equities trading.
== History ==
NEO Exchange was launched in 2015.
In 2019, NEO launched DealSquare, in collaboration with Silver Maple Ventures. DealSquare was Canada’s first fully-automated and centralized dealer platform for private placements. It gives registered users the ability to find, analyze, and transact private market deals. DealSquare is powered by the same technology that enables Platform Traded Funds or PTFs, launched in 2016, to make the purchase and redemption of mutual funds more efficient and less costly.
On June 1, 2022, NEO was acquired by Cboe Global Markets.
On September 8, 2022, Cboe Global Markets announced that NEO Exchange, along with Cboe BZX Exchange, had listed a new suite of sustainable ETFs from Emerge. The investment strategies are available in both U.S.- and Canada-domiciled funds and mark Cboe's first coordinated launch of ETFs on both sides of the border.
== Products and Services ==
*Capital raising through both public listings and private placement
*Raising assets with exchange traded investment vehicles, Canadian Depositary Receipts, and platform traded funds
*Trading - through three distinct trading venues
*A large pool of investment opportunities
== Key People ==
*Jos Schmitt, Co-Founder, President & CEO
*Terry Mack, Chief Financial Officer
*Joacim Wiklander, Chief Operating Officer
*Erik Sloane, Chief Revenue Officer
== References ==
NEO (blockchain)

NEO (NEO) is a blockchain-based cryptocurrency and dApp platform founded in 2014 in Shanghai, China. It was formerly called "AntShares" before rebranding in 2017.
NEO was founded in 2014 by Da Hongfei in an attempt to address problems in what he has called an "outdated, if not broken" financial system. 
To accomplish this, the makers of NEO have striven to create a "smart economy" by utilizing a "universal" blockchain for both public and private markets, cryptocurrency and smart contract technologies to create improved methods of managing digital financial transactions. The company says it hopes to create a decentralized economy by digitizing assets and user identities under the NEO platform.
=== Architecture ===
The company released a whitepaper in 2016 describing dBFT (delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance), the consensus protocol upon which NEO is based. This protocol attempts to solve the "Byzantine Generals problem" outlined in a 1982 paper published by SRI International. The "Byzantine Generals problem" describes a situation in which the failure of one or more nodes is not properly recognized as such by other nodes in a network, thereby preventing the network from cutting off the faulty node and thereby avoiding a catastrophic system failure. 
NEO's dBFT was designed to be a solution to this problem, thereby assuaging the influence of "bad actors" in a distributed ledger network. It operates off the proof-of-stake model.
== References ==
Category:fintech
Category:digital assets
Category:decentralized applications
Category:distributed ledgers
Category:definitions
Category:cryptocurrency
Category:altcoins
Category:China
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
NERA Economic Consulting

NERA (National Economic Research Associates) Economic Consulting is a New York-based financial and economic consultancy group, with practice areas including securities and finance and risk management. It is a global firm of experts in applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to business and legal challenges. NERA's economists create strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and leading law firms and corporations. 
The firm is part of the Marsh & McLennan Companies.
== Links ==
*NERA homepage
== Key People ==
*Dr. Lawrence Wu, President
== References ==
Category:Consultants
Category:Consulting Firms
NEURO Dark

NEURO Dark was a dark pool launched by NASDAQ OMX Europe in May 2009. Both NEURO Dark and NASDAQ OMX Europe closed in May 2010.
According to Thomson Reuters, NEURO Dark traded 1.01% of the European dark market in March 2010, a month before its closing.
== Background ==
The dark pool offered about 800 of the most actively traded European blue-chip stocks. 
NEURO Dark was a reference price system based on best bid and offer prices. The platform used a reference price waiver to exempt it from publishing pre-trade data under MiFID, allowing it to trade dark orders of any size. The platform offered an internalized order type, which allowed members to effectively execute against their own internal order flow. Members were able to choose either to interact only with internal flow, or to cross with internal flow first and execute any unmatched portion of the order in the main dark pool.
== References ==
Category:Dark Pools
Category:European Dark pool
Category:NASDAQ OMX
NFA (Cryptocurrency Slang)

NFA, short for "Not Financial Advice," is a disclaimer commonly used in online discussions, social media posts, and other digital communications related to financial topics, particularly in cryptocurrency and stock trading communities. This acronym serves as a informal legal protection for individuals sharing opinions or information about investments.
== Purpose and Usage ==
The primary purpose of using "NFA" is to indicate that the person sharing information or opinions is not a qualified financial advisor and that their statements should not be considered professional financial advice. By using this disclaimer, individuals aim to:
* Avoid potential legal liability for giving financial advice without proper qualifications or licenses.
* Remind readers to conduct their own research and due diligence before making investment decisions.
* Distinguish between personal opinions and professional financial guidance.
 
=== Context and Prevalence ===
The use of "NFA" has become increasingly common in online financial discussions, particularly in cryptocurrency and stock trading communities on platforms such as Reddit, Twitter, and Discord. Its popularity has grown alongside the rise of retail investing and the democratization of financial information.
=== Ironic Usage ===
Interestingly, "NFA" is often used ironically or sarcastically when recommending a particular investment, especially in cryptocurrency discussions. In these cases, the disclaimer is employed as a form of humor or to circumvent perceived restrictions on giving financial advice, while still effectively promoting a specific coin or investment.
== Legal Implications ==
While the use of "NFA" is widespread, it's important to note that simply including this disclaimer does not necessarily provide legal protection against claims of providing unlicensed financial advice. The effectiveness of such disclaimers in a legal context may vary depending on jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the communication.
== Criticism and Concerns ==
Some critics argue that the proliferation of "NFA" disclaimers in online financial discussions can:
* Create a false sense of security for both the person sharing information and the audience.
* Potentially mislead inexperienced investors who may not fully understand the implications of the disclaimer.
* Contribute to the spread of unverified or potentially harmful financial information.
== Similar Disclaimers ==
"NFA" is part of a broader trend of informal disclaimers used in online communications. Other similar phrases include:
* DYOR: "Do Your Own Research"
* IANAL: "I Am Not A Lawyer"
* IMO/IMHO: "In My Opinion" / "In My Humble Opinion"
== References ==
Category:Slang Investing Terms
NFA Business Conduct Committee

The National Futures Association (NFA) Business Conduct Committee is a regulatory body that oversees the conduct of NFA members, which include Futures Commission Merchants, Introducing Brokers, Commodity Pool Operators, and Commodity Trading Advisors. The committee is responsible for enforcing NFA's rules and regulations, including those related to promotional materials, supervision, and anti-money laundering programs.
== Role and Responsibilities ==
The primary role of the Business Conduct Committee is to ensure that NFA members adhere to ethical business practices and maintain high standards of commercial honor and just and equitable principles of trade. The committee has the authority to investigate potential rule violations, issue complaints, and initiate disciplinary actions against members found to have engaged in misconduct.
Some of the key responsibilities of the Business Conduct Committee include:
Reviewing and approving certain types of promotional materials, such as radio and television advertisements that make specific trading recommendations or refer to past or potential profits
*Enforcing NFA's supervisory requirements, including the supervision of branch offices, guaranteed introducing brokers, and telemarketing activities
*Overseeing members' anti-money laundering programs and ensuring compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and related regulations
*Investigating and prosecuting cases of fraud, misrepresentation, or other unethical conduct by NFA members
== Composition and Structure ==
The Business Conduct Committee is composed of individuals from various backgrounds, including NFA member representatives, public representatives, and NFA staff members. The committee members are appointed by the NFA's Board of Directors.
The committee operates through panels, each consisting of three members, which are responsible for reviewing and deciding on specific cases or matters. The panels have the authority to issue complaints, conduct hearings, and impose disciplinary sanctions on members found to have violated NFA rules.
== Disciplinary Actions ==
If the Business Conduct Committee determines that an NFA member has violated the association's rules or engaged in unethical conduct, it can take various disciplinary actions, including:
*Issuing a warning letter or reprimand.
*Imposing fines or monetary penalties.
*Suspending or revoking the member's registration or membership.
*Ordering restitution or disgorgement of ill-gotten gains.
*Imposing restrictions on the member's business activities.
The committee's disciplinary decisions can be appealed to the NFA's Appeals Committee and, ultimately, to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
== References ==
Category:National Futures Association
Category:Regulatory Committees
Category:Self Regulation
NFEx Markets

NFEx Markets is a London-based electronic multilateral trading facility expected to launch in 2018 to trade cash-settled nonferrous metal contracts.
== History ==
The exchange is being advised by former London Metal Exchange CEO Martin Abbott as it develops in 2017.
== Products and Services ==
NFEx trading platform was developed by Autilla, a financial technology provider founded by Mike Greenacre, a former metals executive at interdealer broker ICAP.
The trading platform includes an order management system facilitating market making via a central limit order book and request for quote functionality.
== Key People ==
*Martin Abbott - Advisor to the Board
*Mark Bradley - COO
*Jim Coupland - Non-Executive Director
*Christopher Evans - Commercial Director
*Mike Greenacre - Non-Executive Director
*Nigel Owens - CTO
== References ==
Category:MTF
Category:Metal Trading
NOB Spread

A NOB spread is a yield curve spread between 10-Year T-Notes and 30-Year T-Bond, typically traded using futures. The NOB can also be traded in the cash Treasury or repurchase market.
NOB refers to Notes over Bonds. The NOB is a way to trade the yield curve between different maturities of Treausry debt.
== CME Group ==
On November 17, 2008, the CME group will introduce intermarket spreads on NOBS and other interest rate spread strategies, including FOBs, TUBs, FYTs, TUFs, TUTs, BOIs, TOS's, FOS's and NOS's
== References ==
Category:Interest Rates
Category:Spreads
NOx

Nitrogen oxides, or NOx, is the generic term for a group of highly reactive gases that contain nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts. Many nitrogen oxides are colorless and odorless, but nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common pollutant, often can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer over urban areas. The most common man made sources of NOx are motor vehicles, electric utilities and other sources that burn fuels for heating and cooling.
== References ==
NSE 20 Share Index

__NOTOC__
The NSE 20-Share Index (NSE 20) is the long-standing benchmark index used for equities traded on Kenya's Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) and represents the geometric mean of share prices of the NSE's 20 top stocks. It has recently been joined by the more broad-based NSE All Share Index (NASI), aimed at capturing the market capitalization of all the NSE's listed equities traded in a day. The NSE 20 lost more than one-third of its value in 2008 as Kenyan investors began fleeing stocks after brokerage collapses and the global credit crisis. 
== History ==
The NSE 20-Share Index was introduced in 1964, one year after African natives were first allowed to trade on the NSE. It was joined in February 2006 by the NSE All Share Index (NASI), aimed at reflecting the total market value of all stocks traded on the NSE in one day rather than just the price changes of the 20 best performers captured by the NSE 20. 
The NSE 20 took a beating in 2008, closing out the year at 3,521.18 compard to 2007's end-of-year closing at 5,444.83, which followed an all-time high in January 2007 of 6,161.47. The index took hit on several fronts in 2008, beginning with economic paralysis from a post-election standoff in the first two months followed by the collapse of Nyaga Stockbrokers and then the global financial collapse in the third and fourth quarters. However, several equity analysts predict the NSE 20 to rise above 4,000 by year-end 2009.
== NSE 20 Components ==
The 20 listed companies below are components of the NSE 20-Share Index as of June 26, 2008. On that date the NSE announced that Equity Bank had replaced Diamond Trust Bank in the Finance and Investment Sector, East African Cables had replaced Sameer Limited and Athi River Mining had replaced Total Kenya in the Industrial and Allied Sector, and Safaricom Ltd. had replaced TPS Serena in the Commercial and Services Sector. 
1. ICDC Investment Company 
2. Kenya Electricity Generating Company
3. Mumias Sugar Company
4. Rea Vipingo Plantations Ltd.
5. CMC Holdings
6. Express Ltd.
7. Nation Media Group
8. Sasini Ltd.
9. Kenya Airways
10. Safaricom Ltd.
11. Barclays Bank (K) Ltd.
12. Equity Bank
13. Kenya Commercial Bank
14. Standard Chartered Bank (K) Ltd.
15. Bamburi Cement Ltd.
16. British American Tobacco Ltd.
17. East African Breweries Ltd.
18. East African Cables
19. Kenya Power & Lighting Company
20. Athi River Mining
Safaricom was granted an exception to the rule restricting inclusion into the NSE 20 to stocks that have traded for at least one year after the company held its IPO in early 2008.
== References ==
Category:Indexes
Category:Indices
Category:Kenya
NTU-SGX Centre for Financial Education

The NTU-SGX Centre for Financial Education is a joint collaboration between Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and the Singapore Exchange (SGX), with RTS Realtime Systems (RTS) as a technology partner. 
Launched on September 7, 2010 , the centre aims to offer financial training for capital market professionals in the region. Training programs offer by the centre will cover Algorithmic Trading, Valuation and other subjects relevant to the fast-developing markets of the region, as well as topics which meet the Financial Industry Competency Standards framework. The centre also features a state-of-the-art training facility with 80 algorithmic trading-enabled terminals supported by RTS Realtime Systems and real-time price feed from SGX. 
==Courses==
For more information on the courses offered, please visit their website. 
== References ==
NYFIX

NYFIX is a technology provider serving the financial markets, operating as a business unit of software and connectivity firm ULLINK, which acquired NYFIX in September 2014. NYFIX's offerings are concentrated on FIX-based messaging, transaction services and order management systems.
==Background==
NYFIX operated as a publicly held company (trading on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol NYFX) until August 2009, when the company was acquired by NYSE Euronext in a $144 million all-cash transaction intended to bolster NYSE's trading technology . NYSE's subsidiary NYSE Technologies soon began integrating the company's FIX business, which includes the NYFIX Marketplace and the FIX software business, into its operations. More than 1,000 counterparties connect in NYFIX's marketplace. 
As part of NYSE Euronext, NYFIX was acquired by the Intercontinental Exchange in November 2013. It was subsequently sold off to ULLINK, an electronic trading and connectivity provider on September 19, 2014 and now operates as the NYFIX Services division of ULLINK.
== Key People ==
*Scott Fitzpatrick, chief operating officer 
*Steven R. Vigliotti - chief financial officer/chief accounting officer
*Donald P. Henderson, chief technology officer
== Resources ==
NYFIX Inc. Q2 2008 Earnings Call Transcript - Seeking Alpha
== References ==
Category:Technology Firms
Category:NYSE Euronext
Category:Acquired Companies
Category:NYFIX