nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Political Warfare Timeline 1951

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==January==
*4 Allen Dulles appointed CIA Deputy Director of Plans.Hugh Wilford, Calling the Tune? The CIA, the British Left and the Cold War, Frank Cass, 2003, p.98.
*Norris Chipman writes to Lovestone that he is no longer associated with the Office of Policy Coordination in Paris.
==February==
*Raymond Murphy writes to Lovestone that he is sick and tired of criticism.
==March==
*Jay Lovestone attempts to renegotiate the Free Trade Union Committee's relationship with the CIA, but is rebuffed in a meeting with Dulles.
==April==
*Thomas Braden appointed head of the CIA's International Organizations Division, taking control of the labour networks from Frank Wisner.
*Chancellor Hugh Gaitskell introduces a budget that would almost double Britain's defence budget to support the American war effort in Korea. It includes plans to charge for NHS spectacles and teeth, prompting Aneurin Bevan, Harold Wilson and John Freeman to resign from the Government.Stephen Dorril & Robin Ramsay, Smear, Wilson and the Secret State, Fourth Estate Ltd, 1991, p10.
*4 US Senate vote commits a 100,000 man army to Europe, and greatly expanded presidential power over foreign affairs.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis, South End Press, 1983, pp.92-95.
*9 On the advice of Carmel Offie, Jay Lovestone and David Dubinsky obtain a meeting with Walter Bedell Smith which leads to the reorganisation of the FTUC's relationship with the CIA.Ted Morgan, A Covert Life, Random House, 1999, pp.220-221. Hugh Wilford describes the meeting, which degenerated into a "shouting match", as the beginning of a steady decline in CIA sponsorship of the FTUC.Hugh Wilford, Calling the Tune? The CIA, the British Left and the Cold War, Frank Cass, 2003, pp.98-100.
==July 1951==
*9 Allen Dulles meeting with Averell Harriman regarding continuing Communist strength in French and Italian elections.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1952

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==January==
*Merger of CIA with OPC begins
*9 Jay Lovestone writes to Kurt Schumacher "too many our enemies would welcome your being incapacitated at this moment."Ted Morgan, A Covert Life - Jay Lovestone: Communist, Anti-Communist and Spymaster, Random House, 1999, p.168.
==February== 
*16 Reinhold Niebuhr has a stroke. Is replaced as acting chair of International Rescue Committee by Leo Cherne.
==May==
*Allen Dulles holds secret conference at Princeton Inn.
==August==
*20 - death of Kurt Schumacher.Ted Morgan, A Covert Life - Jay Lovestone: Communist, Anti-Communist and Spymaster, Random House, 1999, p.168.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1953

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
===January===
*Leo Cherne becomes official chair of International Rescue Committee
*20 Eisenhower inauguration
*CD Jackson becomes white House advsor for Special Operations
===February===
*18 Allen Dulles meets SIS chief Sinclair about Iran coup.
*26 Dulles appointed CIA director.
===March===
*4 Dulles rebuffed at National Security Council by Eisenhower over Iranian threat.
*18 Dulles gives Kermit Roosevelt and Monty Woodhouse initial approval for Iranian coup.
===June===
*17 – Riots in East Berlin.
*Cherne meets Ernst Reuter in West Berlin during uprising in the east.
===August===
*US Information Agency established.
*IRC’s Cherne meets C.D Jackson.
===September===
*Operations Co-ordinating Board established.
===October===
*Cherne and Richard Salzmann travel to West Berlin to assess situation. Meet CD Jackson on their return.
===December===
*9 Dulles approves Operation Success in Cuba.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1954

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
===September===
*Cord Meyer replaces Tom Braden as head of the CIA's International Organizations DivisionFrances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.234.
*Michael Josselson terminates assistance to American Congress for Cultural Freedom.
*Brian Crozier begins working for The Economist's Foreign Report, partly on the strength of the relationship he established in Vietnam with an MI6 officer referred to by the pseudonym "Ronald Lincoln".Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.20.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1956

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
===February===
*Kruschev speech
===August=== 
*Freedom Fund launches campaign for funding of several anti-communist organisations
===October===
*24 Soviet troops enter Budapest
*29 Leo Cherne and Angier Biddle Duke fly to Vienna.
===November===
*1 Imre Nagy announces Hungarian resignation from Warsaw Pact. Leo Cherne and Marcel Faust arrive in Budapest.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1958

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==February==
*Brian Crozier establishes a relationship with Antoine Bonnemaison of the French SDECE intelligence agency.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.29.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1960

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
===January===
*8 Allen Dulles orders Richard Bissell to organise task force to overthrow Fidel Castro.Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, Penguin, 2007, p.180.
===March===
*2 Dulles briefs VP Richard Nixon on covert operations in Cuba.Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, Penguin, 2007, p.181.
*17 Dulles and Bissell brief President Dwight Eisenhower and Nixon re Cuba.Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, Penguin, 2007, p.182.
===April===
*Leo Cherne of the International Rescue Committee (IRC) meets with Allen Dulles re Caribbean.Eric Thomas Chester, Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee and the CIA, M.E. Sharpe, 1995, p.185. 
===July===
*IRC announces Caribbean refugee program.Eric Thomas Chester, Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee and the CIA, M.E. Sharpe, 1995, p.186. 
===August===
*Bissell takes out a Mafia contract on Castro.Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, Penguin, 2007, p.186.
*18 Eisenhower agrees to train Cuban paramitary unit at meeting with Dulles and Bissell. At a National Security Council meeting, later that day, Eisenhower orders Dulles to eliminate Lumumba.Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, Penguin, 2007, p.187.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1964

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==February==
*Brian Crozier leaves the Economist Intelligence Unit. Shortly afterwards, he is offered a consultancy with the Information Research Department by H.H. Tucker and a deeper relationship with MI6 by the officer he refers to with the pseudonym "Ronald Franks".Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, pp.51-52.
==May==
*25 - John Thompson writes to Stephen Spender denying that the Farfield Foundation is a front for the American government.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.377.
==July==
*Encounter editors announce that in future the magazine's business affairs will be handled by Cecil King's International Publishing Corporation.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.374.
==August==
*During an investigation by Congressman Wright Patman, a leak identifies eight foundations ("The Patman Eight") as CIA fronts: the Gotham Foundation, the Michigan Fund, the Price Fund, the Edsel Fund, the Andrew Hamilton Fund, the Borden Trust, the Beacon Fund and the Kentfield Fund.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, pp.353-354.
*Brian Crozier embarks on a trip to South America commissioned by Anthony C. Hartley of the Congress for Cultural Freedom. He is also reporting back to an MI6 officer "Ronald Franks".Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.52.
==September==
*14 The Nation magazine asks "Should the CIA be permitted to channel funds to magazines in London - and New York - which pose as "magazines of opinion" and are in competition with independent journals of opinion?"Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.355.
*18 Death of C.D. JacksonFrances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.360.
==November==
*Brian Crozier invited to Century House and asked to begin occasional writing for MI6.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.56.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1965

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==May==
*3 John Hunt asks Brian Crozier to take over the Congress for Cultural Freedom's Forum Information Service.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.62.
*7 Crozier invites Forum staff Murray Mindlin, Gene Gately and Tarzie Vittachi to his home. He suggests the service be rebranded Forum World Features.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.63.
*17 Crozier's Forum role is formalised at Connaught Hotel lunch with Hunt, John Hay Whitney, Samuel C. Park, Melvin Lasky, Gene Gately and Murray Mindlin.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.63.
==June==
*10 John Hunt writes to Crozier suggesting that the Congress for Cultural Freedom will continue to play a role in Forum World Features.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.64.
==July==
*1 Crozier takes up his position at Forum Information Service. He is discouraged from attempting to sell features to the United States.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.64.
*12 Crozier meets Michael Josselson in Geneva and reveals that he is a contact of MI6.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.67.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1966

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==January==
*Forum Information Service relaunched as Forum World Features.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.64.
==March==
*Brian Crozier offers his resignation from Forum World Features. Michael Josselson persuades him to stay by promising that he will deal directly with the CIA rather than the Congress for Cultural Freedom.Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991, Harper Collins, 1993, p.71.
==April==
*27 New York Times reports claims that Encounter magazine is funded by the CIA.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.371.
==May==
* Victor Reuther gives the Los Angeles Times an interview hinting at CIA involvement in foreign labour operations.Hugh Wilford, The Mighty Wurlitzer, How The CIA played America, Harvard University Press, 2008, p.238. 
*9 - The New York Times publishes a letter signed by Kenneth Galbraith, George Kennan, Robert Oppenheimer and Arthur Schlesinger, stating that the Congress for Cultural Freedom has been "an entirely free body' responsive only to the wishes of its members and collaborators and the decisions of its executive committee". The letter does not, however, explicitly deny a CIA link.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.379.
*10 - The New York Times publishes a letter signed by Irving Kristol, Stephen Spender and Melvin Lasky defending the "independent record of the Congress for Cultural Freedom in defending writers and artists in both East and West against misdemeanours of all governments including that of the US."Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.378.
*19 - Conor Cruise O'Brien accuses Encounter of following a political line involving "the inculcation of uniformly favourable attitudes in Britain towards American policies and practises."Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.368.
==September==
*16 Julius Fleischmann denies that the Farfield Foundation has received US government funds in a letter to Stephen Spender.Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War, Granta, 2000, p.377.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1969

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
===August===
*6 Senate vote on the Anti-Ballistic Missile programme.Thomas A. Halsted, Lobbying Against the ABM, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1971, p.24. the Senate approved the system by 51 votes to 50, the closest vote on a major national defense program since 1941. Ahead of the vote Richard Perle and Paul Wolfowitz provided material for Senator Henry Jackson. They had been recruited by the Committee to Maintain a Prudent Defence Policy on the recommendation of Albert Wohlstetter.James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet, Penguin, 2004, p.32. 
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1970

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==November==
*November - Henry Jackson meets Golda Meir in Jerusalem.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.265.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1971

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==August==
*9 - Senator Hubert Humphrey reads a National Strategy Information Center paper by Irving Brown into the Congressional record.Ben Rathbun, The Point Man, Irving Brown and the Deadly Post-1945 Struggle for Europe and Africa, Minerva Press, 1996, p.248.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1972

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==May==
*May - SALT accords signed.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.253.
==August==
*7 - Henry Jackson proposes 'Jackson Amendment' to Senate authorisation to SALT treaty.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.256.
==September==
*11 - Senate approves Jackson amendment.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.257.
*30 - Discussions on Jackson-Vanik amendment at the White House between Senator Henry Jackson and President Richard Nixon.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.267.
==October==
*4 - Senator Henry Jackson introduces Jackson-Vanik Amendment denying trade concessions to countries that do not allow citizens to emigrate.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.266.
==December==
*7 - Coalition for a Democratic Majority issues founding statement.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1973

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==February==
*February - CIA Congressional liaison officer Jack Maury approaches Henry Jackson about a problem with the Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations of the Foreign Relations Committee. Jackson referred him to Senator John McClellan.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.317.
==March==
*March - Senator Henry Jackson reintroduces Jackson-Vanik Amendment.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.267.
==May==
*May - During a dinner party at his home, Senator Henry Jackson advised Richard Helms to testify in open public session to the Church Committee.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.317.
*10 - William Colby nominated as DCI by President Nixon.Harold P. Ford, William Colby: Retrospect, Studies in Intelligence, Semiannual Edition, No. 1, 1997, Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA.
==Autumn==
*Autumn - Michael Harrington attacks neoconservatives in Fall issue of Dissent.Michael Harrington, The Welfare State and Its Neoconservative Critics, Dissent, Fall 1973, first page archived at neoconservatism.vaisse.net.
==September==
*4 - William Colby becomes director of the Central Intelligence Agency
==October==
*6 - Arab-Israeli War breaks out.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.273.
*11 - Admiral Elmo Zumwalt tells Henry Jackson that Israel will lose the war without immediate American resupply. Jackson meets President Nixon the same day.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.275.
*13 - Nixon orders immediate supply of arms to Israel.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.275.
==December==
*13 - House of Representatives passes Jackson-Vanik amendment.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.271.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1975

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==January==
*3- Jackson-Vanik Amendment signed into law by President Ford.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.280.
*14 - Henry Kissinger announces that Soviets have cancelled trade deal. He blames Henry Jackson.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.280 .
==February==
*Henry Jackson declares his candidacy for President.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.301.
===April===
*9 New Dimensions on Security in Europe, Institute for the Study of Conflict (ISC) conference opens at Ditchley Park.
*12 ISC conference closes.
===May===
*ISC Special Report New Dimensions on Security in Europe published.
===June===
*26 Time Out links Forum World Features to the CIA.
===July===
*2 President Ford announces he will not meet with Alexander Solzhenitsyn on the advice of the National Security Council.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.279.
*30 - Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe until 1 August.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.292 .
===November===
*Information Research Department Background Brief - Two standards on Detente.
*2 - James Schlesinger fired as US Defence Secretary.Robert G. Kaufman, Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics, University of Washington Press, 2000, p.289.
*27 Eugene Rostow writes memo to Charls Walker and Paul Nitze proposing what will become the second Committee on the Present Danger.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.152.
===December===
*11 Leo Cherne testifies to House Intelligence Committee calling for independent examination of CIA estimates.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline
Political Warfare Timeline 1976

Notes towards a chronology of the modern history of covert action with particular reference to the role of the Lovestoneite movement.
==January==
*30 - William Colby retires as head of the Central Intelligence Agency.Harold P. Ford, William Colby: Retrospect, Studies in Intelligence, Semiannual Edition, No. 1, 1997, Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA.
===March===
*Process of organising the second Committee on the Present Danger begins at a meeting at the Metropolitan Club in Washington DC. Paul Nitze invites Charles Tyroler II, who will become director.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.152.
*9 Margaret Thatcher first met Brian Crozier on 9 March 1976 at the Eaton Place home of Lord De L'Isle, along with Norris McWhirter, John Gouriet and Robert Moss. Apart from Thatcher, all present were founder members of the Freedom Association.
===May===
*24 Frank R. Barnett writes to Eugene Rostow inviting him to join the board of the National Strategy Information Center (NSIC), which is to open a Washington office in September, and has received a $1 million grant to "crank up an all-out effort to meet the current and growing threat from the USSR."Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.197.
===June===
*1 Rostow replies to Barnett, agreeing to join the NSIC board, and calling for it to co-ordinate its activities with the forthcoming Committee on the Present Danger.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.197.
*8 Letter from Leo Cherne to George H.W. Bush lays down Team B ground rules
===July===
*13 Bush advises Cherne that Team B members will reflect PFIAB recommendations
===October===
*20 News of B Team breaks
===November===
*11 Founding statement of the second Committee on the Present Danger.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.154.
*Merlyn Rees deports Philip Agee and Mark Hosenball from UK.
===December===
*2-3 - Team B and CIA regulars present their competing estimates to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.Jerry W. Sanders, Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment, South End Press, 1983, p.200.
==Notes==
Category:SpooksCategory: Political Warfare Timeline