nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Fringe

A fringe is the outer edge or margin of something. In the context of society, it refers to people who exist outside of the normative way of thinking. In general, the people who are considered to be "on the fringe" have political, religious, scientific, or social views that are very different from the mainstream.
==Political fringe==
On the right, the fringe consists of fundamentalists, fascists, anarcho-capitalists, white supremacists, and other loons. On the left, it consists of revolutionary socialists and communists, especially in a Maoist or Stalinist form. Most conspiracy theorists of any political leanings are considered "fringe." In countries where these groups have a significant amount of support they stop being "fringe" and become "extremists." The term "lunatic fringe" has a tendency to be bandied about whenever mentioning a group one particularly does not care for.
==Scientific fringe==
There are two types of scientific fringe. The first is pseudoscience, which largely consists of ideas that are either discredited or not testable, and whose adherents do not subscribe to the scientific method; this is of no benefit to science. The second type of scientific fringe comprises ideas that are not accepted by the mainstream, but are testable, and have adherents who follow the scientific method and work to test and refine them. Such ideas may sometimes become accepted into the mainstream, but most of the time they are not; nevertheless, this type of fringe is scientific and can contribute to the field(s) in question. Of course, it can sometimes be 
== Other uses ==
*A Fringe party is a political party or faction that only garners a small percent of the vote because of its extreme views. 
*The Edinburgh Fringe - a series of artistic events in August in the Scottish capital (which may or may not involve an influx of midges). 
==See also==
*Galileo gambit
*Radical
*Time Cube
Category:Political terms
Frivolous

Frivolous means silly, and usually also wasteful. Then we get into the legal meaning.
Frivolity is a concept with two meanings when discussing the law. One definition applies most notably to personal injury lawsuits with seemingly outrageous payouts. Corporations would love to see these lawsuits reduced, so they are often fans of "tort reform", which generally amounts to restricting people's rights to sue. Trial lawyers hate this because it takes away from business, and consumer advocates hate this because it denies a victim of negligence the right to redress of grievances. Yes, such lawsuits can be used to game the system, but really, that's a different subject.
"Frivolous" also has a meaning as a legal term of art. Dan Evans' Tax Protester FAQ lays it out fairly bluntly — if a judge calls a lawsuit or argument frivolous, it is in the judge's opinion a blatantly false (or not even wrong) argument and a waste of the court's time. A lawsuit deemed frivolous in the public media merely gets ridicule; a frivolous lawsuit in a courtroom can lead to contempt citations and fines or jail time. Lawyers who engage in frivolity are often ripe for sanctioning. (Cases with no merit that aren't totally stupid can be dismissed, without necessarily being labeled frivolous.)
Make sure you know the difference. Hint: if it's a reporter saying it, feel free to argue the case. If it's a judge saying it, shut up, apologize, and walk away. 
==See also==
*WOMBAT — the same concept, but for science (and, sadly for everyone but cranks and charlatans, less legally-binding)
Category:Law
From Big Bang to Big Crunch

"From Big Bang to Big Crunch" is a document by Istanbul Quran Research Association that purports to show that the Qur'an contains scientific foreknowledge when it "predicted" that the Big Crunch was going to occur.
 
The following is a side-by-side rebuttal.
==Rebuttal==
==Summary==
==See also==
*Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge
==External links==
*Other sources:
:*The Big Crunch, from Magdy Abd Al-Shafy Abd Al-Gawad
:*The End of the Universe and the Big Crunch, from Harun Yahya
:*Big Bang & Big Crunch, from Speed-Light.info
:*The Big Bang Theory and the Cosmic Crunch in the Noble Quran, from AnsweringChristianity.com.
:*The Big Bang between science & Quran, from Magdy Abd Al-Shafy Abd Al-Gawad
:*The Big Crunch, from Zaghlool El-Naggar
*Other rebuttals:
:*Quran Miracle Debunked 19 of 50: Big Crunch Theory in the Quran, from TheIslammiracle
:*The Big Crunch in the Qur'an, from Spiritual Technology
:*"Heavens created as 'Smoke'", from Quennel Gale
:*"A discussion on alleged verses about "Big Crunch"", from Quennel Gale
:*The Big Bang in the Quran, from FreedomBulwark.com
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge
Category:Side-by-side articles
Fróði Midjord

Fróði Midjord is a Faroese-Swedish neo-pagan identitarian activist.
Midjord has collaborated with Olav Torheim on organizing and speaking at neo-Nazi conferences like Scandza ForumJan Olof Bengtsson, "Scandza Forum" (blog post), https://janolofbengtsson.com/2019/04/03/scandza-forum/ April 3, 2019, accessed July 5, 2019. and AwakeningTess Owen, "White nationalists from around the world are meeting in Finland: Here's what you need to know," Vice, https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/qvy7vx/heavyweights-from-the-white-nationalist-world-will-be-bonding-in-finland-this-weekend-heres-what-they-want April 4, 2019, accessed June 26, 2019. in Scandinavia and Finland. These events also include the likes of Kevin MacDonald and Jared Taylor."The Awakening II conference in the Turku area: Antisemitic race theories and paramilitary fascist organizations," Varis (Antifasistinen Verkosto), https://varisverkosto.com/2019/03/the-awakening-ii-conference-in-the-turku-area-antisemitic-race-theories-and-paramilitary-fascist-organizations/ March 29, 2019, accessed June 32, 2019."Fróði Midjord," FOIA Research, https://www.foiaresearch.net/person/frodi-midjord accessed April 18, 2019.
==See also==
*Arnar Styr Björnsson
*Mark Collett
*Greg Johnson
*Red Ice Creations
*The Right Stuff
==External links==
*"Guide to Kulchur," Fróði Midjord's YouTube channel
*Fróði Midjord — FOIA Research
==Notes==
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Antisemites
Category:Denmark
Category:Fascists
Category:Holocaust denialists
Category:Living people
Category:Neo-Nazis
Category:Racists
Functionalism

Functionalism or structural functionalism is the sociological theory that society seeks stability and says that most aspects of society are beneficial to those in it. The theory was first developed by Auguste Comte, considered the father of sociology. Functionalism is essentially the exact opposite of conflict theory, which was contributed to by the works of Karl Marx.
==Ideas==
Functionalism states that the elements often considered to make up the base of society by sociologists (norms, traditions, customs, and institutions) are all building blocks that function in a particular way for society. An analogy that can be used to make sense of this could be that the aforementioned elements are like organs, while society as a whole is the body containing these organs. With one of these elements removed, society or the body will not function properly.
Additionally, functionalism states that while norms, traditions, customs, etc. may change within a society, these elements will not be removed and society's structure will remain the same. According to this theory, society's structure is maintained through mutual agreement and cooperation, unlike conflict theory's idea that society is maintained by coercion and control. 
In regards to socialization (learning the attitudes, norms, and behaviors of culture while growing), the functionalist perspective is that socialization helps people fit in, ensuring social stability. Of course, this is not always true. In reality, socialization can both perpetuate the status quo, as conflict theory suggests, and actually help people fit in. It depends on the way they are socialized, as does behavior for the most part. Its perspective on deviance is similar to this, saying that it can strengthen unity and remind people why norms exist in the first place. Of course, sometimes people need a little jolt once in a while. For altruistic deviance, like peaceful protests, it can promote needed social change, and sometimes even hateful deviance can promote this needed change, like the realization that racial hatred was way too extreme in Germany after WWII ended.
==See also==
* Conflict theory
* Altruism
* Social justice
Fundación Argentina del Mañana

Fundación Argentina del Mañana (Spanish: Tomorrow's Argentinian Foundation) was a Roman Catholic organization from Argentina created by people whose main purpose is to complain about how filthy the media is. Among other campaigns, they boycotted the premiere of the film Dogma in Argentina, supposedly for being a "brutal aggression against the Catholic Church and every Catholic person of the world".Sobre la Pelicula "Dogma" Acción Católica (archived from April 15, 2015). They also protested on their website (and with complaints to the COMFER, the local equivalent of the FCC) against any show that they consider filthy. For example: they complained against an ordinary morning talk show just because one of the female guests talked about "the kisses she gives to other women".La degradación televisiva y los anunciantes (2010) Fundación Argentina del Mañana (archived from November 21, 2010). In other words, they're a bunch of nutsacks who frown upon anything that doesn't fit their 17th-century lifestyle.
==See also==
*Mary Whitehouse
==External links==
*Official website — last archived copy from April 23, 2014
==References==
Category:Argentina
Category:Catholicism
Category:Right-wing activists
Fungus

Fungus (plural, fungi) is one of the kingdoms of life. The fungi, although traditionally included with plants (as Richard Dawkins puts it, they "are rooted to the spot and don't walk away while you try to study them"),The Ancestor's Tale, p. 555 turned out to be more closely related to the animals. Fungi, having been around for over 500 million years, are extremely diverse and widespread, including molds (except mushrooms, toadstools, yeasts, and many other organisms.
==Role==
Fungi have many uses. In the environment, fungi feature as they decompose dead matter, by growing root-like hyphae (which form a dense mycelium), digesting their food on the outside, and absorbing it. In food, fungi not only top pizzas but work in blue cheese, beer, bread, soy sauce, and many other products. More importantly, however, fungi were the source of the first antibiotics, including penicillin, a mold product. Some fungi are toxic, including some mushrooms. Some people take "advantage" of this with "magic mushrooms", a hallucinogen. Worse, though, some fungi are even parasites on humans, causing diseases like athlete's foot (itchy foot) or vaginitis (itchy stuff).
Fungi do not, however, cause cancer, despite what some people say. A certain fungus that can live in your gut, named Candida, is basically harmless but has been blamed for nearly all human ills by certain members of the alternative medicine community.
==Creationist's nightmare==
Fungi can be seen as the creationist's nightmare, much like how the banana or peanut butter is the atheist's, only this one is actually good. In Genesis 1, God is mentioned as creating plants and animals, with no mention at all of the world's other life forms. Also, fungi feed on dead remains, so before original sin, fungi would have had nothing to eat. The only way around this really is for the creationist to claim that fungi appeared after the Fall, perhaps in some sort of super-evolution or something. Given how this would be one kingdom arising from another (plants or animals? take your pick), this seems to be life evolving "between kinds".
 
==See also==
*Taxonomy
*Evolution
*Species
*Cladistics
==External links==
*
==References==
 
Category:Organisms
Fur

Fur is the body hair of most mammals - except humans and a few others such as dolphins.
People have used fur for clothing for thousands of years, probably dating back to the Neanderthals, though its use as clothing diminished with the advent of woven fabrics. Because of its expense, fur has ranked as a luxury good and a desirable status symbol for hundreds of years. However, in many Arctic cultures, families will often pass down a fur coat for generations, due to the necessity for such items to keep warm.
Animals like foxes, rabbits, beavers, otters, seals, mink, ermine, coyotes, chinchillas, and in some countries cats and dogs are killed for their fur.
==Anti-fur campaigns==
Campaigns against the fur industry have been carried out for decades by animal welfare and animal rights organizations such as PETA, the Humane Society of the United States, and the International Fund for Animal Welfare.
Anti-fur activists argue that the killing of animals for fur is unnecessary and unjustifiable slaughter; is dangerous to wildlife populations and distribution; and is a grave abuse of animal rights. Their campaigns have had some success in restricting the fur trade and reducing the appeal of fur products in some countries, although fur still remains popular elsewhere.
For fun, examine a fur protester's shoes and/or belt. The anti-fur movement is much bigger and more vocal than the anti-leather movement, probably because it's much easier to go after rich women than Hell's Angels.
Ironically, in some cases using the right animals to make fur coats can actively help the environment. Conservationists in Louisiana have long encouraged people to buy fur products made from , which are an enormously destructive invasive pest wreaking havoc in the bayous.
==See also==
*Mammal
*Animal welfare
*Furry
Category:Animal rights
Category:Culture
Fusion

*Fusion woo; bullshit dreams of harnessing energy from nuclear fusion in cheap, efficient ways
**Cold fusion; a the most well-known form of fusion woo that holds that nuclear fusion can occur at room temperature
*Nuclear fusion; a process by which lighter elements are fused together to form heavier elements. It is the process that powers stars and can also be artificially generated.
*Fusion paranoia; an alternate term for the Grand Unified Conspiracy Theory
Fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic is a term of techno-jargon to describe a class of logics in which a finite set of discrete truth values (e.g., "true" and "false" in binary logics) is replaced with an uncountable continuum of truth values, generally the set of real numbers between 0 and 1.https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-fuzzy-logic-are-t/
Fuzzy logic is related to probabilistic logic, in which truth values convey a probability that a sentence is true in the same sense as binary logic; e.g., if the truth value of proposition A is 0.5, it means that A has a 50-50 probability of being true, but still must be either wholly true or wholly false. In fuzzy logic, by contrast, a truth value of 0.5 means that a statement is only "half true;" for example, if a proposition "The glass is full" had a truth value of 0.5, it could be interpreted as "The glass is half full."
The fuzziness of fuzzy logic can occur in two ways, and will be dependent upon the input probabilities' accuracy and precision, and the problem of garbage in garbage out.
==Fuzzy math==
"Fuzzy logic" is not to be confused with "fuzzy math", which was coined by then-presidential candidate George W. Bush during his first presidential debate with Democratic nominee Al Gore. Bush initially employed the phrase — along with a similar phrase, "phony numbers" — to criticize Gore's tax policy.https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2000/10/19/fuzzy-math-texas-style-plet-me/ His use of the phrase is a classic example of the appeal to ridicule fallacy, as well as a prototype of his signature "Bushisms".
==See also==
*Bayesian
G0ys.org

g0ys.org is a website that straddles the boundaries between pro-homosexual and anti-homosexual. It claims that most men (over 60%) are in fact bisexual/gay according to Kinsey, therefore most of them agree with the content of the site. The name "g0y" was created from the word "gay," but with the A (supposedly short for "anal") "zeroed out." It can be pronounced "gay," "guy," or "goy."
The main premise of the website is that male homosexuality is different from being gay, which is a cult created by the liberal media. The website heavily criticizes people who have anal sex, liberals, atheists, transsexual people, and men who do not conform to traditional masculine gender roles. It specifically says "N0 TOPS, N0 BOTTOMS, N0 ANAL, N0 BITCHES, N0 TRANNYS, N0 MANGINAS, N0 GENDERFUKK, N0 DISRESPECT: JUST MEN WHO HAPPEN TO LOVE OTHER MEN - AS MEN. WE ARE THE G0YS!"
The site is written as if it were a series of long YouTube comments from a schizophrenic, with poor grammar, excessive caps lock, and the need to replace "o" with "0." The basic layout and formatting tends to resemble that of a questionable church site, and the sidebar even compares the XY chromosomes to a Hebrew character. 
Despite being a religious site, some of the images verge on softcore porn. Furthermore, the site references biblical and other ancient writings as evidence of "g0y" relationships existing between well-known men.
== External links == 
*The site
Category:Atheophobia
Category:Homophobia
Category:Transphobia
Category:Internalized discrimination
Category:Websites
Category:Webshites
Category:Green ink
Category:Internet kooks
Category:Sexism
Category:Machismo
GMO A Go Go

GMO A Go Go is a short, 9-minute film, which is sponsored by NaturalNews and which is directed against GMO corporations. It makes a variety of inaccurate and outright false claims about genetically modified food.
This article is dedicated to listing and debunking the claims made, sometimes implicitly, in this video.
==Claims==
===0:37===
===0:50===
===1:20===
===1:48===
===2:12===
===2:28===
===3:25===
===3:43===
===4:13===
===5:05===
===6:27===
===7:16===
===8:10===
==Conclusion==
This video is pure propaganda. There's no better word for it. The multiple Illuminati conspiracy theory references throughout the video, the sheer number of lies (ab)used by the video's creators, and sponsorship by NaturalNews makes this one of the worst sources for information on genetically modified food out there.
==External links==
* GMO A-Go-Go! - the movie itself on YouTube
* GMO A-Go-Go! at IMDb
==References==
Category: Conspiracy theories
Category:Films
Category:Food woo
Category:Gish Gallops
Category:GMO
Category:Propaganda
Category:Refutations
Category:Radiophobia
Category:Side-by-side articles
Category:YouTube
GOProud

GOProud was one of the two major gay conservative organizations in the United States, having been formed as an alternative to the more centrist Log Cabin Republicans. It completely collapsed in 2013.
==Notable events==
GOProud was the first gay group to sponsor the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in 2010. Its members had no-doubt sophisticated and mature conversations with the John Birch Society, Focus on the Family, and the National Organization for Marriage. And were railed against by a Ryan Sorba, who is just a stand-up guy.A Conversation With Ryan Sorba
GOProud also held an event called Homocon in 2010. Their headliner was Ann Coulter. Yes, that Ann Coulter. She showed her appreciation for GOProud with "jokes" about gay liberals promoting fisting education in kindergarten and how marriage is not a civil right if "you're not black" (in her defense, the number of gay black republicans is probably fairly small).Ann Coulter at Homocon: 'Marriage is Not a Civil Right. You're Not Black.'
Conservative stalwart Grover Norquist joined the advisory board of GOProud. This made the Family Research Council very upset with him.Gay GOP group grapples with Family Research Council
==See also==
*Log Cabin Republicans
*Peter Thiel — GOProud's billionaire one-time host(January 13, 2011). "Billionaire GOProud-Loving Gay Peter Thiel Is Losing His Friends’ Billions". Queerty.Tim Mak (July 12, 2017). "Inside the Implosion of GOProud, the Right’s Most Notorious Pro-Gay Group". The Daily Beast.
==External links==
*An archive snapshot of their webshite from 2013
* is the British equivalent; they even do the acronym thing
==References==
Category:Homosexuality
Category:Political action groups
Category:Thielsphere
Category:United States politics
Galatians

Galatians is an angry Pauline epistle written to the Church in Galatia (in modern Turkey, the European side of Istanbul) after they abandoned his gospel of salvation by grace alone and embraced the gospel of the Judaizers who said before you could be a good Christian you had to be a good circumcised Jew. His entire message boils down to this line:
:<bible book=Galatians chapter=5 verse1=4/>
Galatians is one of the epistles that textual analysis confirms Paul actually wrote. And if you can't trust them…
==See also==
*RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Galatians
==Notes==
==References==
Category:New Testament
Category:Pauline Epistles
Galen

__NOTOC__
Galen of Pergamon, latinized as Galenus was an ancient Roman physician, philosopher, and early anatomist who remained highly influential until the early modern period. Born in modern Turkey to well off Greek parents, he was a polymath who grew up studying philosophy, medicine, math, and logic. Much of his early life was also devoted to experimenting on and dissecting pigs and monkeys.https://www.ancient.eu/Galen/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galenhttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galen/
==Medical achievements==
The son of a wealthy Greek architect, Galen studied math, philosophy, and medicine in his youth. He studied and advocated exercise and good nutrition to improve and maintain health. Eventually he more devoting himself to anatomy, but always regarded himself as both a philosopher and a physician. He spent some time as a successful doctor for gladiators in Asia minor. During the later portion of his life he made detailed accounts of The Antonine Plague, which has been identified as a smallpox outbreak that left millions of Romans dead.R.J. Littman and M.L. Littman, 1973 Galen and the Antonine Plague, The American Journal of Philology. 94 no. 3, p. 243–255 
Galen regarded anatomy as the foundation of medical knowledge, and he frequently dissected and experimented on animals like the Barbary ape, pigs, sheep, and goats. A strong advocate of dissection as a way of forwarding surgical precision, Galen was often hampered by formal bans on dissecting human corpses. His work distinguished seven pairs of cranial nerves, described the valves of the heart, and observed the structural differences between arteries and veins. One of his most important demonstrations was that the arteries carry blood, not air, as had been taught for 400 years. Notable also were his vivisection experiments, such as tying off the recurrent laryngeal nerve to show that the brain controls the voice, performing a series of transections of the spinal cord to establish the functions of the spinal nerves, and tying off the ureters to demonstrate kidney and bladder functions.
==Other ventures==
He wrote many works of logic and ethics, and also addressed those and other philosophical questions—especially of epistemology, causation in the natural world, and philosophy of mind—in his medical-scientific writings. He pioneered a kind of critical empiricism in his attempt to explain the natural world. Boylan, Michael. Galen: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. A prolific author, more works by Galen survive than any other figure from Greco-Roman antiquity.Galen. 22 Dec. 2014. Web. 9 Sept. 2022.
==Influence and legacy==
Galen remained one of the most revered and cited figures in human anatomy and medicine until the early modern period. Though much of his work is now antiquated, he was very much an early pioneer of the scientific method.
==External links==
*Works of Galen on Wikisource
==References==
Category:Science
Category:Biology
Category:Medicine
Category:Physicians
Category:Philosophers