nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CI 45350, Uranine A, Acid Yellow 73, LC

== Usage History ==
Uranine(Fluorescein sodium)
== Synonyms ==
C.I. 45350; Fluorescein sodium, Unrainie A, Acid Yellow 73.
== Molecular Information ==
Molecular Formula	C₂₀H₁₀Na₂O₅
Molecular Weight	376.27 g/mol 
center|frame
== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==
Extraction: The extraction was carried out as follows: a small sample of thread was extracted with the TFA 2M in 1.5ml eppendorfs for 30 min, in 60ºC water bath, with constant agitation. After extraction, each extract was dried in a vacuum system, where the resulting dry residues were reconstituted with 50 μl H2O: MeOH (80:20,v/v). 
HPLC system: The dye analyses were performed in a Thermofinnigan Surveyor HPLC-DAD system with a Thermofinnigan Surveyor PDA 5 diode array detector (Thermofinnigan, USA), an autosampler and a pump. The samples were injected onto the column via a Rheodyne injector with a 25μl loop. 
HPLC Column: The separations were performed in Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (Agilent, USA) with 5μm particle size column (2.1 mm x 150 mm). The column was kept at controlled temperature (35ºC). 
LC program: A solvent gradient of (A) TEA pH= 6,4 3mM and (B) pure methanolwas used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min; 0-0,01min A:B (95:5) isocratic, 5 min A:B (90:10) isocratic, 10 min A:B (70:30) isocratic, 15 min A:B (50:50) isocratic, 30 min A:B (45:55) isocratic, 35 min A:B (30:70) isocratic, 45-55 min A:B (5:95) linear, 60-70 min A:B (95:5) linear.
LC-DAD-MSn: The analyses of dyes were performed on a LC-MS with ProStar 410 autosampler, two 212-LC chromatography pumps, a ProStar 335 diode array detector and a 500-MS ion trap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Data acquisition and processing were performed using Varian MS Control 6.9 software.The separations were carried out using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus (Agilent, USA) with 5 μm particle size column (2.1 mm x 150 mm). The column was kept at controlled temperature (35ºC). The samples were injected onto the column via a Rheodyne injector with a 20 μL loop. The gradient adapted from and described in 2.3.1 was used at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mass spectra were acquired in negative and positive mode depending on the structures. The optimized parameters were as follows: ion spray voltage,  4,8 kV; capillary voltage, 20 V; RF loading 80%. Nitrogen was used as nebulising and drying gas, at a pressure of 35 and 15 psi; drying gas temperature, 300ºC. The multistage MS (MSn) spectra were obtained with an isolation window of 2.0 Da, excitation energy values of 0,9 to 1,5 V and an excitation time of 10 ms.
[1]
= Chromatograms =
center|frame|Absorbance at 444nm (mAU) By Cátia Souto, University of Lisbon, Portugal 2010 [1]
== Results ==
center|frame|compounds identified
== References ==
[1] Cátia Susana da Costa Nogueira Souto, "Analysis of Early Synthetic Dyes with HPLC-DAD-MS An important database for analysis of colorants used in cultural heritage", Thesis, Master Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Textiles. UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA, 2010. 
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Reference Materials
Category:Synthetic Dyes
CL

= Conservation Link =
"The Conservation Link is a good starting point if you're looking for information about conservation and restoration out on the net." (from website). The Conservation link provides two online notice board for conservators, one in Swedish and one in English. It also provides hyperlinks to major conservation websites.
Web Address 	http://www.museion.net/kl1/kons/cl.htm
Information Online	List serve
Membership / staff directory
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
Other
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
CLIR

= Council on Library and Information Resources =
The Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), formerly called Commission on Preservation and Access, "gives information on cooperative programmes with China, the European countries, Latin America, South Africa and on research on the preservation of the cinema heritage and digitised documents. (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.clir.org/
Postal Address 	CLIR
1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Suite 500 
Washington, DC 20036 USA
Phone 	+1 202 939 4750
Fax 	+1 202 939 4765
Contact 	info@clir.org
Information Online	Interships
Grants / funding
Publishes newsletter
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Preservation and Access International Newsletter (6x/year, back issues online), Commission on Preservation and Access Newsletter (published 1988-1997)Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
CMC

== Description ==
1) An abbreviation used for critical micelle concentration.
2) A brand name used for carboxymethyl cellulose.
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
Category:Materials database
CMN-CC

= Canadian Museum of Nature - Collection Conservation =
The Canadian Museum of Nature and its Collection Management and Conservation Research Centre is dedicated to a continued commitment in all aspects of preservation. In 2002, the Canadian Museum of Nature received the Award for Outstanding Achievement from the Canadian Museums Association and in 2003 it received the Award for Outstanding Commitment to the Preservation and Care of Collections from the American Institution for Conservation and from Heritage Preservation.
Web Address 	http://nature.ca/collections/conservation_e.cfm
Phone 	613 .566 4700
Information Online	Courses / workshops
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Interesting website designed to inform public about conservation. Great video and photgraphic exhibits with explanatory text.Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
CM Bond - M series

== Description ==
[W.R.Grace and Co.] A registered trademark for an aqueous white adhesive emulsion containing polyvinyl acetate. CM Bond® M-1 does not contain any added plasticizers. It dries to a clear film but may yellow with exposure to sunlight. Films also soften with exposure to water.
Trademark name	Base polymer 	Solution 	Additives/Plasticizers	Properties
CM Bond® M-1 	Polyvinyl acetate 	aqueous emulsion (54-56% solids)	none 	Viscosity=300-600cps; pH = 5-7
CM Bond® M-2 	Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (10/90) 	aqueous emulsion (54-56% solids)	none 	Viscosity=1500-2000cps; pH = 4.5-6.0
CM Bond® M-3 	Polyvinyl acetate/polyvinyl alcohol mixture (3:1)	aqueous emulsion (54-56% solids)	none 	Viscosity=2300-700cps; pH = 5-7
CM Bond® M-4 	Polyvinyl acetate/polyvinyl alcohol mixture 	aqueous emulsion 	none 	Viscosity=300-700cps; pH = 4-6.5; dried film soluble in methanol
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
CM Bond® M-1, CM Bond® M-2, CM Bond® M-3, CM Bond® M-4
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: Adhesives
CM Bond - W series

== Description ==
[W.R.Grace and Co.] Registered trademarks for a series of white emulsion adhesives primarily composed of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) or polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (Down et al 1996).
Trademark name	Base polymer 	Additives/Plasticizers 	Properties 	Applications
CM Bond® W-1 	Ethylene vinyl acetate	vinyl alcohol, soap, phthalate plasticizer 	 	
CM Bond® W-2 	Polyvinyl acetate 	vinyl alcohol, soap, china clay, phthalate plasticizer	flexible when dry	bookbinding adhesive
CM Bond® W-3 	Polyvinyl acetate 	vinyl alcohol, soap, phthalate plasticizer 	 	
CM Bond® W-4 	Polyvinyl acetate 	vinyl alcohol, o,p--sulfonamide 	 	
CM Bond® W-5 	Polyvinyl acetate 	vinyl alcohol, soap 	 	
==Resources and Citations==
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Adhesives
CNR

= Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italian National Research Council) =
The National Research Council (CNR) is a public organization; its duty is to carry out, promote, spread, transfer and improve research activities in the main sectors of knowledge growth and of its applications for the scientific, technological, economic and social development of the Country. The CNR research network CNR research network contains over 100 institutes working throughout the country, many of which do research in the area of art conservation including:
Institute for technologies applied to cultural heritage (ITABC)
Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage (ICVBC)
Institute of archeological heritage - monuments and sites (IBAM)
Institute of atmospheric sciences and climate (ISAC)
Web Address 	http://www.cnr.it
Postal Address 	National Research Council
Piazzale Aldo Moro,7
00185 Roma
Italia
Phone 	+39 06 49931
Fax 	+39 06 4461954
Contact 	web@cnr.it
Searchable 	No
Website Languages	English
Italian
Category:Directory
CNSM 2703, Samite with bird roundels on a red ground , China (Tang dynasty, 618-907 CE)

== Artifact Information ==
This object is a fragment of part of a samite with roundels of birds, which includes a bird with a ribbon in its beak in each roundel. The medallions are surrounded with symmetrically placed flowers. This piece was recently acquired by the Museum. Similar textiles dating back to Tang dynasty, have been discovered in Tibetan tombs in Dulan, Qinghai province [1]. 
China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #2703.
== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==
The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [2]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.
An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.
== Summary of results ==
A mixture of carmine scale insects, lac and madder was identified for red dye. Crimson dye contained tannins, carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin. Blue dye was obtained from indigo plant.
Editor's note: The identification of carminic acid and usage of multiple red dye sources in one pieces was quite unique. The author is open to further discussion and would like to do collaborative work with institutions that have done similar research or have access to similar objects. 
== HPLC profile ==
center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou
center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou
== References ==
[1] [1] Xu X. Studies of samite with birds from Tibetan Tombs in Dulan of Qinghai. China Tibetology 1996; 1: 3-26. 
[2] Richard A. Laursen and Chika Mouri "Decomposition and analysis of cathamin in safflower-dyed textiles", e-Preservation Science 2013, 10, 35-37.
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
CNSM 2710, Sleeve with embroidered figure and flowers, China (Northern Dynasties 386-581 CE)

== Artifact Information ==
This object is a sleeve of robe with a figure and flowers. The patterns were embroidered with silk threads in red, brown, green and beige on damask. The figure wearing a red short jacket and a binary colored skirt stands among the flowers. A lining fragment was tie-dyed with hollow squares in rows [1]. 
China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China. #2710.
== Analytical instrumentation and procedures ==
The dye was extracted from a thread (0.2-1mg) of the archaeological object in a solution of pyridine/water/1.0M oxalic acid as described by Mouri and Laursen [2]. The solution was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen flow, and redissolved in 50 μL MeOH/H2O (1/1); subsequently, 20 μL of dye solution was injected onto HPLC column.
An extract was analyzed on an HPLC-PDA-MS system consisting of a Shimadzu LC-20A high performance liquid chromatography, a Shimadzu SPD-M20A photodiode array detector and a Thermo LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2-μm particle size) and a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (2.0 mm × 150 mm, 3-μm particle size). Columns were eluted with acetonitrile-water gradients containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.
== Summary of results ==
The main component of red dye is purpurin that was detected by HPLC method monitored at 450 nm. Two small peaks eluting between 16 and 17 min can be identified as pseudopurpurin and munjistin, respectively. It is suggested that the red yarns were most likely dyed withRubia cordifolia , which was widely grown in China, India and Japan.
== HPLC profile ==
center|frame| Absorbance at 450nm (mAU) By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou
center|frame| Possible compounds identified By Jian Liu, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou
== References ==
[1] Zhao F, Qi D. New designs with western influence on the textiles of Silk Road from 4th century to 8th century. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House: Shanghai, 2011, p 119-21.
[2] Mouri C, Laursen R. Identification and partial characterization of C-glycosylfalvone markers in Asian plant dyes using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2011; 1218: 7325-30.
Category:Dye Analysis
Category:Cultural Artifacts
Category:Textiles
CRCC (formerly CRCDG)

= Centre de Recherches sur la Conservation des Collections (Research Centre on the Conservation of Collections) =
The CRCC is a research centre established in 1963 for the preservation of graphic and photographic documents run jointly by the French Ministry of Culture, the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and the French National Museum of Natural History. Over the years, the laboratory's mandate has expanded to perform research into the degradation and preservation of paper, leather, parchment, photographic documents, films, digital devices and natural history collections. It is now part of a larger research center named CRC (Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation) gathering two other units : the LRMH (Research Laboratory for Historical Monuments) and the research laboratory of the Musee de la Musique in Paris.
Web Address 	http://crc.mnhn.fr
Postal Address 	Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections CRCC
Musum National d'Histoire Naturelle
36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire
75005 PARIS (France)
Phone 	+33 (0)140795300
Fax 	+33 (0)140795312
Contact 	lavedrin@mnhn.fr
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Technical information
Grant forms available online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages 	French
== Comments ==
Library with online catalog of books, periodicals and articles.Category:Directory
CRL

= Conservation Research Laboratory / Nautical Archaeology Program =
"The Conservation Research Laboratory (CRL)..... is one of the oldest, continuously operated conservation laboratories that deals primarily with archaeological material from shipwrecks and other underwater sites. CRL deals with archaeological projects year-round and consists of two laboratories: one is used primarily to teach conservation classes to students at TAMU; it is also equipped to conduct conservation of small inorganic and organic artefacts. The second laboratory has recently been enlarged to accommodate bigger projects. In 1995, we established the Archaeological Preservation Research Laboratory, which is devoted to developing new conservation technologies." (from website)
Web Address 	http://nautarch.tamu.edu/napcrl.htm
Postal Address 	Nautical Archaeology Program 
Texas A&M University 
College Station, Texas 
77843-4352USA
Phone 	+1 979 845 6354
Fax 	+1 979 845 6399
Contact 	crl@tamu.edu
Information Online	Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Membership / staff directory
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Conservation servicesCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
CRUTA Foundation

= Foundation for Conservation and Research of Urban Traditional Architecture =
The Foundation for Conservation and Research of Urban Traditional Architecture, (CRUTA Foundation) represents an on-going experiment in a public participation based programme of heritage restoration, conservation, neighbourhood and community development, and tourism promotion. CRUTA Foundation, a Calcutta-based registered trust, has been conducting a walk focused restoration, community based conservation, neighbourhood development, and tourism programme since 1990 in North Calcutta. CRUTA has managed to restore and conserve some of the oldest, most graceful buildings in the forgotten northern quarter of Calcutta. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://iisd1.iisd.ca/50comm/commdb/desc/d36.htm
Postal Address	Debashis Nayak 
Foundation for Conservation & Research of Urban Traditional Architecture
67B, Beadon St. 
Calcutta, 700 006 India
Phone 	+91 33 37-5620 or 554 6127
Fax 	+91 33 244 9169
Searchable 	No
Category:Directory
CX

= U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Center of Expertise =
"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Center of Expertise (CX) for Preservation of Historic Structures and Buildings is located in the Corps' Seattle district office. The CX has established a nationwide reputation as a valuable resource for military installations, other Federal agencies, and State and local agencies in the study, rehabilitation, repair and maintenance of historic sites, districts, landscapes, buildings, and structures." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.nws.usace.army.mil/PublicMenu/Menu.cfm?sitename=historic&pagename=mainpage
Postal Address 	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Center of Expertise for Preservation of Historic Structures and Buildings
PO Box 3755
Seattle WA 98124USA
Phone 	+1 800 265 9309 +1 206 764 4482
Fax 	+1 206 764 6518
Contact 	horace.h.foxall.jr@usace.army.mil
Information Online	Technical information
Courses / workshops
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	English
Category:Directory
C print

== Description ==
An abbreviated name used for Kodak Color Print Type C photographic paper. C print paper is a negative-positive chromogenic paper that was produced from 1955 to about 1959 (Nadeau 1997). It is a silver halide print, or a dye coupler print, made from a color negative, transparency or digital image, and developed using a chromogenic process. They are composed of three layers of gelatin, each containing an emulsion of silver halide, which is used as a light-sensitive material and a subtractive dye coupler, which together, when developed, form a full-color image.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
C-print; Chromogenic print; Kodak Color Print Type C
==Resources and Citations==
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* Wikipedia: Chromogenic print
Category:Materials database
Cab-O-Sil

== Description ==
[Cabot Corp.] A registered trademark for a series of treated and untreated synthetic silicon dioxide products. Cab-O-Sil is an aerosol silica that can be mixed with most liquids to form a thick colloidal suspension. Also called fumed silica, it is a very light, fluffy white powder that is made by hydrogen-oxygen furnace combustion of silicon tetrachloride. Cab-O-Sil is used as a matting agent, thickener, and filler in many adhesives, sealants, plastics, waxes, inks, and coatings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aerosol silica; fumed silica; cabosil (sp)
== Risks ==
ThermoFisher: SDS
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiCABOSIL.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 789
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Jane Down, Adhesive projects at the Canadian Conservation Institute, Preprints of the SSCR's 2nd Resins Conference, Sept. 1995, Scottish Society for Conservation & Restoration, Edinburgh
* Ceramics and Glass Conservation Section, List of Workshop Materials, The British Museum, London
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Cabinet beetle

== Description ==
A black beetle, Trogoderma sternale, Trogoderma varabile, Trogoderma inclusum, or Trogoderma angustum, that has a red pattern on its shell. The cabinet beetle larvae feed on insect collections, wool, feathers, and animal hides. The adult insects are 2 to 4 mm long and have a life span of up to 10 to 32 days. Cabinet beetles sometimes fly during the daytime. The larvae have yellow cylindrical bodies with setae tufts on the abdomen. They grow to a length of 1 to 5 mm. The larvae prefer dark places and live for a period of 1 to 17 days.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Trogoderma sternale; Trogoderma varabile; Trogoderma inclusum; Trogoderma angustum
==Resources and Citations==
* MuseumPest.net at Link
* David Pinniger, Pest Management in Museums, Archives and Historic Houses, Archetype Publications, London, 2001
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Website: http://www.coleopterologie.de/Trogodermasternale.html photos
Category:Materials database
Cabochon

== Description ==
Any gemstone shaped with a highly polished, rounded surface. Gems typically cut en cabochon include: [[lapis lazuli|lapis], turquoise, and opal, along with many varieties of microcrystalline quartz (such as carnelian, jasper, bloodstone), some feldspars (such as sunstone, moonstone), and some chatoyant or asteriated gems (such as garnet, sapphire, chrysoberyl, and cat's eye).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cabochon (Fr.); cabochão (Port.); Cabochon (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "cabochon cut" [Accessed October 3, 2003].
* Lisbet Thoresen, submitted information.
Category:Materials database