nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Bioclastic rock

== Description ==
Sedimentary rock consisting of fragments and broken remains of organisms; e.g. limestone composed of shell fragments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bioclast; roche bioclastique (Fr.); rocha bioclástica (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009.
Category:Materials database
Biodegradable

== Description ==
The ability of a compound to be decomposed by microorganisms into compounds that are natural to the environment, such as carbon dioxide and water.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Biodeterioration

== Description ==
The physical (disintegration) and chemical (decomposition) deterioration of a material due to the effects of biological organisms, such as mammals, insects, plants (fungi, mold, trees) and microorganisms (bacteria) (Caneva et al 1991). Examples of physical processes induced by biodeterioration include fracturing and delamination caused by plant growth, loss of wood or textiles due to insects, and abrasion resulting from foot traffic and touching. Chemical processes induced by biodeterioration include etching, corrosion, discoloration, or dissolution of a material due to the metabolic process of organisms. Organisms can produce 
- organic acids: formic, acetic, oxalic, lactic, butyric, succinic, etc., 
- inorganic acids: carbonic, sulfuric, nitric, 
- alkaline compounds: ammonia, sodium carbonate, 
- chelating substances: oxalic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, 
- enzymes: cellulase, protease, tannase, and 
- pigments: chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthraquinones.
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
Category:Materials database
Biological colonization

== Description ==
Colonization of the stone by plants and micro-organisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi and lichen (symbioses of the latter three). Biological colonization also includes influences by other organisms such as animals nesting on and in stone. Direct growth on and in stone or stone cavities; also indirect influences by nearby trees and other organisms.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Biological growth; biological overgrowth; living exogenoue material; colonisation
==Resources and Citations==
* ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
Category:Materials database
Bioorganic staining

== Description ==
A dark colored staining produced by the active presence or residues of bacteria, microflora, algae, fungi, lichen, insects, or animals. In some cases, the biological residues can be detected by the UV fluorescence. Additionally, many types of plant residues contain oxalic acid.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
organische Verschmutzung (Deut.); pigmentação orgânica (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Mary-Lou Florian, Fungal Facts: solving fungal problems in heritage collections, Archetype, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Biopolymer

Record in progress
==Description== 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
==Applications== 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
==Resources and Citations==
* Cazón P., Velazquez G., Ramírez J.A., Vázquez M. Polysaccharide-based films and coatings for food packaging: A review. Food Hydrocoll. 2017;68:136–148. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.09.009.
* Fierascu, Radu Claudiu, Irina Fierascu, and Irina Elena Chican. 2021. "Natural Ingredients in Functional Coatings—Recent Advances and Future Challenges" Coatings 11, no. 4: 429. Link
Category:Materials database
Biotin

== Description ==
A white crystalline compound that acts as a vitamin. Biotin is part of the B complex of vitamins. It influences fat metabolism and growth rates. Biotin is synthesized in the intestinal tract of humans. It is highly concentrated in the liver, kidney, pancreas, milk, and egg yolk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vitamin H; vitamin B7; hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno [3,4-d] imidazole-4-pentanoic acid; biotine (Fr., Ned.); Vitamine B8 (Fr.); biotina (It.); Vitamina H (It.); biotyna (Pol.); Biotin (Deut., Sven.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|biotin.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, ethanol. Insoluble in naphtha, chloroform.
Composition 	C10H16N2O3S
CAS 	58-85-5
Melting Point 	230-232 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 244.32
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 853
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1272
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Biotite

== Description ==
A common dark green, brown, or black mineral of the mica group. Biotite is a silicate of magnesium, iron, potassium, and aluminum. It was named after the French physicist J.B. Biot. Biotite is found in granites, schists, and gneisses. It has been found in the lava of Vesuvius, Pikes Peak in Colorado, and Stone Mountain in Georgia, as well as many other locations. Biotite has a pearly luster and ranges from translucent to opaque. It cleaves into thin, somewhat elastic sheets.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
iron mica; black mica; lepidomelane (rich in iron); Biotit (Deut.); biotita (Esp., Port.Br.); biotite (Fr., Port.); biotyt (Pol.); biotita (Port.); biotiet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Biotite from granite.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|biotiteRS.jpg~Raman|Biotiteitaly1.jpg~Raman]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Pleochroic (dark brown to yellow). High birefringence. Monoclinic tabular crystals. Cleavage = perfect in one direction. Luster = pearly to submetallic. Streak = colorless
Composition 	K2(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4
Mohs Hardness	2.5 - 3.0
Density 	2.7-3.4 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* Mineralogy Database: Biotite
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "biotite" [Accessed December 11, 2001].
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979 Comment: sp. gr. 2.8-3.4
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotite (Accessed Sept. 2, 2005) hardness=2.5-3.0, spec. grav. = 2.7-3.1
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=2.7-3.1
Category:Materials database
Bipack

== Description ==
A type of color film that contains two color emulsion layers for simultaneous exposure. The two emulsion layers of the film contain minute oily globules with color couplers that reacted to form the colored dyes. The two color cans either be placed in separate overlaying layers or integrated on a single support (called integral bipack). Bipacks were used extensively in early color motion picture photography. In 1902, the first two color process cinematography was successfully photographed by Davidson and Jumeaux (Nadeau 1997). By 1932, much of the industry was switching to three color films (tripacks).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
integral bipack; bi-pack (Br.); two-color photographic processes; The following company dates and names extracted from Nadeau 1997): Cinecolor [Cinecolor Lab, 1930s-1950]; Americolor [1947]; Brewster [1915-1930]; Cinemacolor [Cinemacolor Corp., 1934]; Coloratura (Pathe Exchange, 1931]; Douglass Color [1916-1918]; Harriscolor [1929]; Kesdacolor [1918]; Kinemacolor originally 3-color, reduced to 2- color in 1906] Kodachrome [Kodak 1916-1935]; Magnacolor [Consolidated Film Ind., 1922-1946]; Prizmacolor [1917-1928]; Trucolor [Consolidated Film Ind., 1946-1949]
==Resources and Citations==
° Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
Category:Materials database
Birch bark

== Description ==
Thin sheets peeled from the inner bark of the birch tree. Birch bark was used as a textile and writing paper in India and the Far East from at least the 2nd century. For preparation, the strips were pulled from the tree, dried, then softened with oil (Batton 2000). The strips were laminated using a natural gum then flattened between wooden covers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
birch bark paper; birchbark paper; birch-bark paper; bhoja-patra
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in organic solvents.
* Insoluble in cold water.
* Thickness = 0.2-0.5 mm.
== Additional Images ==
File:63.289_EMaPQBB_overall.jpg|Birch bark exampleMFA# 63.289
File:63.289_Birch_det.jpg|Birch bark detailedMFA# 63.289
==Resources and Citations==
* S.S.Batton "Seperation (sic) Anxiety: The Conservation of a 5th Century Buddhist Gandharan Manuscript" WAAC Newsletter, 22(1):15-17, 2000. O.P.Agrawal, "Investigations for Preservation of Birch-Bark Manuscripts" in Preprints of ICOM Committee for Conservation , Ottawa, 1981.
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Birch bark oil

== Description ==
The living inner layers of the papery bark of some birch trees produce a dark brown sap or oil that is rich in tannins. The birch trees most commonly used are the European birch (Betula verrucosa) and the common birch (Betula pubescens). The bark contain 10-15% water soluble tannins and about 11% non-soluble oils. Russian leather was tanned with the extract to produce a pliable yellowish brown leather then rubbed with the oil on the flesh side. This gave the leather a characteristic woody smell. Birch bark extract is often mixed with willow bark extract for tanning. The dark brown sap was also used as an ancient adhesive.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aceite de corteza de abedul (Esp.); birchbark oil; birch oil
== Resources and Citations ==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
Category:Materials database
Bird

== Description ==
A warm-blooded, bipedal, egg-laying vertebrates of the class Aves. Birds are found worldwide and normally have toothless beaks, feathers, winged-forelimbs, and hollow bones. They range in size from the tiny hummingbirds to the large ostrich. Some birds, such as poultry (chicken, ducks, turkey, etc.) have been domesticated and are raised for their eggs and meat. Feathers from several types of bird have been used for decoration, writing instruments (quill) and for filling mattresses and pillows (down). Some birds, such as pigeons, starlings, and sparrows, are considered pests because they congregate in populated areas producing debris and deleterious droppings (guano). Numerous deterrent methods such as nets, spikes, wires, gels, plastic owls, electric shocks, along with many types of mechanical and ultrasonic devices are being used with moderate success. See also condor, owl, hawk, eagle, heron, flamingo, kingfisher, peacock, crow, and sea gull.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bird droppings; pests
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "bird." Accessed 18 Mar. 2005 .
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird
Category:Materials database
Bird's eye

== Description ==
A circular pattern with a central spot that resembles the eye of a bird. Some wavy-grain wood veneers, such as maple, can have a bird's eye pattern. Bird's eye textile patterns are woven with an all-over diamond shaped pattern and a dot in the center. The diamond pattern is often used for towels, napkins, and diapers, such as diaper cloth and huckaback.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bird's eye maple; birds eye maple; diamond cloth; diaper cloth; damask diaper; twill diaper; reverse twill weave; huckaback
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988 Comment: p. 142
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Birefringence

== Description ==
An optical property of some crystalline materials. Birefringence indicates the crystal has two different refractive indices when viewed from two different molecular orientations. Birefringent particles will appear bright and/or colorful when viewed through a microscope using crossed polars. These interference colors are due the their birefringence and thickness. Many synthetic fibers are birefringent.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Doppelbrechung (Deut.); birrefringencia (Esp.); doble refracción (Esp.); biréfringence (Fr.); dubbelbrekendheid (Ned.); birefraction; double refraction;
==Resources and Citations==
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Mary-Lou Florian, Dale Paul Kronkright, Ruth E. Norton, The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990
Category:Materials database
Bis-tris free base

== Description ==
Bis-tris free base is used as a buffer. It has a usable pH range of 5.8 to 7.2.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)imino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
== Risks ==
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water.
Composition 	C8H19NO5
CAS 	6976-37-0
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 209.1367
Category:Materials database
Biscuit

== Description ==
Unglazed clay that has been fired once.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bisc; bisk; bisque
==Resources and Citations==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Bishop (formerly PRCC)

= Bishop Museum Conservation Services (formerly Pacific Regional Conservation Center -PRCC) =
The Department of Art Conservation of Bishop Museum (formerly the Pacific Regional Conservation Center, PRCC) was founded in 1974 by Anthony Werner. Over the years, the department has employed professionals with a variety of specialties including paintings, textiles, paper, and objects. (extracted from website). The Webpage contains online files for collection care information on several indigenous materials such as tapa, feathers, and calabashes.
Web Address 	http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/conservation.html
Postal Address 	Bishop Museum
1525 Bernice Street
Honolulu, Hawai'i 96817
Phone 	+1 808 847 3511
Fax 	+1 808 841 8968
Information Online	Books / brochures / articles
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Non-profit organization
Website Languages 	English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Non-profit organization
Bismarck brown

== Description ==
A soluble synthetic brown textile disazo dye. Bismarck brown was made in 1863 by C Martius by coupling diazonium ions and amines. It is used to dye fats, waxes, varnishes, and wood.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Basic Brown 1; CI 21000; Solvent Brown 41; bruno di Bismarck (It.); Vesuvine BA
== Risks ==
* No known hazards. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	C18H18N8.2HCl
CAS 	1052-38-6
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 419.32
==Resources and Citations==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* A.Scharff, 'Synthetic dyestuffs for textiles and their fastness to washing', ICOM-CC Preprints Lyon, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org Comment: formula=C18H18N8.2HCl, CAS=1052-38-6
* Website: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist
* Website: http://www.smith.edu/hsc/silk/Papers/meredith.html
* Sigma Dyes, Stains and Natural Pigments, Infrared Library, Nicolet, 1991-1995 Comment: OMNIC formula=C18H18N8, CAS=10114-58-6
Category:Materials database
Bismuth chromate

== Description ==
An orange reddish amorphous powder. Bismuth chromate has been mentioned as having been used as a pigment in the early 19th century. However, it was expensive and offered no clear advantages over the other available pigments at the time.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
basic dichromate; cromato de bismuto (Esp.); chromate de bismuth (Fr.); cromato di bismuto (It.); cromato de bismuto (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Human carcinogen. 
* Skin contact may cause allergies. 
* Acute ingestion may cause fatal chromium poisoning. 
* Chronic inhalation may cause lung cancer and respiratory irritation.
* NIH: Information sheet
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in acids and alkalis. 
* Insoluble in water and ethanol.
* Composition = Bi2O3-2CrO3
==Resources and Citations==
* H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 104
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Bismuth nitrate

== Description ==
White, heavy, slightly hygroscopic powder. Bismuth subnitrate, also known as bismuth white, is used as a white pigment in cosmetics, ceramic glazes, surface coatings, and enamels.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bismuth white (AAT); nitrato de bismuto (Esp., Port.); nitrate de bismuth (Fr.); nitrato di bismuto (It.); magistry of bismuth; pearl powder; pearl white; Spanish white; Bouvigal white; bismuth subnitrate; basic bismuth nitrate; bismuth oxynitrate; paint white
== Risks ==
* Inhalation and contact may cause mild irritation. 
* Ingestion may cause discomfort. 
* Chronic ingestion may cause black spots on gums and bad breath. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acid. Insoluble in ethanol, water.
Composition 	4BiNO3(OH)2 - BiO(OH)
CAS 	1304-85-4
Melting Point 	260 C (dec)
Density 	4.928 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 1461.99
==Resources and Citations==
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: Entry # 1311
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Bismuth oxide

== Description ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|bismuth oxide.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
A heavy yellow powder that occurs naturally as the mineral bismite. Bismuth oxide, also called bismuth yellow, is used as a pigment for enamels, glass, ceramics, and porcelain.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bismuth trioxide; óxido de bismuto (Esp., Port.); oxyde de bismuth (Fr.); ossido di bismuto (It.); bismite; bismuth yellow
== Risks ==
* Ingestion may cause slight discomfort. 
* Chronic ingestion may produce black lines on gums and bad breath. 
* Inhalation and contact are not expected to be hazardous. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acid. Insoluble in water. Color is yellow to green
Composition 	Bi2O3
CAS 	1304-76-3
Mohs Hardness 	4-5 (for bismite)
Melting Point 	820 C
Density 	8.8 - 8.9 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 465.96
Boiling Point 	1890 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1314
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_oxide (Accessed Mar. 20, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Bismuth oxychloride

== Description ==
White lustrous crystalline powder. Bismuth oxychloride is a pearlescent powder that is used to give cosmetics a frosty appearance. It is also used in synthetic fibers and paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bismuth chloride oxide; oxicloruro de bismuto (Esp.); oxychlorure de bismuth (Fr.); ossicloruro di bismuto (It.); basic bismuth chloride; bismuthyl chloride; pearl white
==Risks==
* Thermofisher: [SDS]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acid. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	BiOCl
Density 	7.717 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 260.43
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 105
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 Comment: density = 7.717
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1303; density = 7.72
Category:Materials database