Self-insertion

:Not to be confused with Reader-Insert.
Self-insertion is a practice by authors of writing themselves into their own stories, either explicitly or in thinly-disguised form; in a fannish context this most often means fan writers writing themselves into their favorite source material so that they can interact with canon or its characters. Fan artists also sometimes incorporate themselves into fanart, and in modern fandoms where this is prevalent these self insertions are usually referred to with a play on the word "persona".
Fan writers may write self-inserts as humor (for example, in metafic featuring an author arguing with her characters) or as an in-joke (for example, making an extremely minor character a self-insert that will only be recognized by friends, although this may instead be considered a cameo).
Self-insertion as a literary device has a particularly bad rap in fannish circles, due in large part to its association with Mary Sues; generally speaking all Mary Sues are assumed to be self-inserts and all self-inserts are at least suspected of being Mary Sues. 
It can be hard for self-insert enthusiasts to find spaces where they can talk about what they like about self-inserts without being heckled or derided by fellow fans who dislike the genre. Authors who write and publish self-inserts generally have received a higher rate of flames and trolling in their reviews; the early 2000's SI fic FF7 Experience was reportedly taken down from fanfiction.net due to "people doing knee jerk reactions to seeing a self insert"Winged Knight, Self Insert Recommendation Thread archive on 07 October 2011. Accessed 14 October 2018. despite being well-regarded and fondly spoken of even years after it was pulled from public archiving.
==Self-Insertion in Canon==
Self-insertion has a long literary history as a literary device, for example The Divine Comedy where the author is essentially writing himself into the fanon of the 14th-century Catholic Church. Authors may use self-insertion for comedic effect, surrealism, direct audience addresses, or as a part of metafiction. Self-inserts are sometimes confused with author surrogates, but generally author surrogates are only meant to share the same opinions or background as the author, not actually be the author.
Some authors repeatedly insert themselves into stories rather than developing a new character for an unimportant role; for example, Clive Cussler self-inserts in most of his Dirk Pitt novels, usually as someone who gives Pitt a lift or otherwise helps him in some minor way. A cinematic equivalent is the appearance of Stan Lee as himself in Marvel movies.
Some authors also use self-insertion to directly address their readers. Mangaka Hiromu Arakawa who drew and wrote the manga Fullmetal Alchemist always draws herself as a cow with glasses, and in the 4koma omake panels for the series sometimes draws herself interacting with the characters — for example, scolding Edward Elric for reading too much manga and then being punched in the face by him. Fans sometimes draw fanart of Arakawa's cow persona — her cowsona, one might call it — including showing her interact with her own characters.
One piece of fanart from 2005 shows Alphonse Elric carrying Arakawa's cowsona and Edward Elric saying, "You are so not keeping that." The artist explained: "It's a running gag that Al picks up stray kittens and Ed never lets him keep any. This time the stray is none other then [sic] the creator of the Fullmetal Alchemist manga, Hiromu Arakawa! ... Ed probably doesn't like her because cows make milk. XD"queenbean3, author's note on FMA - Stray Cow? Posted 12 October 2005. Accessed 14 October 2018. Comments on the DeviantArt page consist largely of fans commenting with continuations of the implied dialogue between the brothers, having them argue about whether or not to keep this new stray that Al has found.
Andrew Hussie, the author of Homestuck has frequently used self-insertion in his works. His first instance of self-insertion was in Problem Sleuth and actually prompted by a fan because Problem Sleuth is a quest. Someone sent in, "AH: Become homoerotically interested in your fan." and Hussie drew himself looking right at the camera with the caption, "Andrew Hussie becomes aroused by fans of MS Paint Adventures. Way to break the 4th wall, numbskull!" 
In Homestuck, Hussie's self-insertion makes him into a full-blown character, which he uses in part to make comments to his fans and on fan culture, appearing several times dressed up in cosplay, in one case complete with smearing grey body paint and quickly-broken troll horns, both a staple of Homestuck cosplayers at American conventions at the time, as many, many fans went to great lengths to cosplay as the grey-skinned orange-horned aliens that debuted in Homestuck's Act 5 Part 1.
Sometimes Hussie uses his self-insert appearances to affect the plot, but other times he directly addresses the readers. In the panel depicted on the right, showing one of Hussie's appearances in troll cosplay, the narration goes on to respond to the implied reader's displeasure with Hussie's self-insertion by accusing the reader of being entitled and not understanding just how quickly Hussie could use his authorial power to really make things "ridiculous." Hussie's narration says, "Do you have any idea how much power I wield over you?? [...] It would be so easy! I could snap my gray smudgy fingers RIGHT NOW, and make you read all the troll romance exposition segments all over again, BACK TO BACK TO BACK TO BACK TO BACK TO BACK."Homestuck, Act 5 Part 1. Posted 22 August 2010. Accessed 14 October 2018.
Hussie also has a character who self-inserts. Calliope, introduced in Act 6, is an alien who has a trollsona or troll persona. She writes fanfiction about herself and her friends, as well, and views her friends more as characters than people. Hussie intended her as a fairly scathing commentary on his own fans:
In High Guardian Spice Professor Caraway's character is a self-insert of creator Raye Rodriguez. The character was the target of criticism, accused of promoting LGBT theme without any subtlety.Moonlit_Star's YouTube video "High Guardian Spice: An Honest Review by a Gay Trans Man".Queen Serafina's YouTube video "Trans-People Watch High Guardian Spice So You Don't Have To". Another example of it are Olive and Kino which Raye himself admit it on Twitter who are based on his cats.
==Self-Insertion in Fan Art==
Although writing oneself into a favorite canon arguably much more common across the board, there's always been a thriving community of fans who love to visualize themselves interacting with their favorite characters or worlds. 
===Drawing Someone Else's Self-Insert (Tuckerization)===
There is a disparity between writing other people's sonas and drawing other people's sonas, which could be explained by differences in commission culture between fan authors and fanartists. While self-insertion for writing pretty exclusively deals with the author inserting themselves into their work, self-insert fanart is sometimes done on commission or by request. For more on the practice of inserting other people into fanworks, see Tuckerization.
In a 1975 issue of the Star Trek:TOS zine A Piece of the Action, a fan had an ad offering to paint other fans in fantasy settings, with prices started at 9x12 for $25.00 and going up to 18x24 for $59.00. The advertisement read:
 
Plus, from a flyer printed in the Beauty and the Beast zine, Dreams of Thee 
 
The fan artist Pyracantha explains her choices in a piece of art drawn for one of her friends: 
Image:bblite-2.jpg|from B & B Lite, artist is Nancy Stasulis. (1989)
Image:selfinsertionflyer.jpg|A Dark Shadows fan offered to incorporate a real person into a Dark Shadows portrait. (1983)
Image:selfinsertionart.jpg| a Beauty and the Beast (TV) self insertion art for sale, Pam Tuck is the artist. (1990s)
File:Chatterbox3a-5.jpg|from "Beauty and the Beast (TV)" -- "The sooner you write, the sooner you will be in those wonderful arms." -- artist is Inez Brown. (1995) 
===Drawing One's Own Self-Insert===
Many fan artists who draw self-insertion do so because it's comforting and allows them to escape. One fan artist said:
Another fanartist explains that she draws herself as a self-insert in every fandom she's in, because:
===The -sona===
A -sona, also know as an Art Persona, Art OC, or a fandom-specific name, is art of a character, often representing the artist, who is not in canon but whose design is referenced from a fandom. The focus is on character design. and the sona is not made for the purpose of interacting with canon characters. Creating a sona may be part of a challenge or hashtag.
==Self-Insertion in Fanfiction==
It's almost impossible to talk about self inserts without mention of the Mary Sue, a term coined in 1973, by Paula Smith to describe original characters, usually female, with a variety of undesirable traits. But in the early days of fanfiction, before "Mary Sue" was coined and became popular, self insertion wasn't automatically assumed to be a mark of poor writing. 
The 1969 Star Trek fanfiction Once Upon a Star Trek was written before "Mary Sue" was coined and before "self insert" was being used by fanfiction writers. Each character was an avatar of one of the fans in the fan club the author belonged to, and all of their self inserts had some relation to canon characters — Spock's cousin, Sulu's sister, and so on. The story was written for the club Nimoyan-Spock's Scribes and published in the club's newsletter, Spock's Scribes. In those early days this practice was not looked down upon, especially for lighthearted or surrealistic tales — and indeed, for some people the feeling that self-insertion should only be used for humourous stories persisted at least until the late 90's."Avoid 'author inclusion' stories at all costs UNLESS the focus of the story is going to be light-hearted and/or humorous." — Nolan, Tim. Re: [POLL] Opinions regarding Fanfics for Technical Paper [Discussion], [Online]. Available e-mail: USENET. Newsgroup: Alt.Fan.Sailor-Moon. 18 May 1998.
Even after "Mary Sue" was coined in 1973, self insertion wasn't yet linked with it for a number of years, nor was "Mary Sue" immediately a popular term. 
The 1974 2-part Star Trek fic published in Sol III Enterprise Involuntary (Being an Exercise in Wishful Thinking) by G.M. Carr was well-received: "It's very unusual, in that it deals with the seldom seen lower echelons of a starship crew, namely, the laundry crewmen — one laundry crewwoman in particular, a little old lady refugee from the 20th century," one reviewer said, also describing it as "interesting, but a bit lengthy"from The Halkan Council #2 and "very amusing and well written, and the conclusion in #2 offers some excellent plot twists." by Signe Landon from The Clipper Trade Ship #6 
In the 80s, "Fanzine fandom grew pretty quickly and by the mid 80s, you could find zines with wide editorial interests and buy/read accordingly." comment on Mary Sue: From self-inserts to imagines, how young women write themselves into the narrative by Maggie Nowakowska, March 24, 2017 This allowed for niche zines to succeed, such as the 1984-1986 zine Fantazy was one example, its editors described it as a "media-oriented zine featuring both original universe and existing universe/prose/poetry/scripts starring your favorite actors/actresses - AND - yourself! This is your chance to write yourself into a story and appear in the illo! We encourage it!"From Southern Enclave
By the late 90s, however, accusations of Mary-Sue-ism were often directed at anything with an original character, often erroneously. In the 1998 essay Look Out! It's Mary Sue!, Richard Pugh explains that there are "two types of author projection characters that are mistaken for Mary Sues, and while they can be equally annoying, they aren't disastrous to the story." He then goes on:
In A Guide for Writing Sailor Moon Fan Fics, the essay's author stresses that she's "never read a self-inclusion fanfic that did work that wasn't a comedy of some type." She also notes that self insert fanfiction where the self insertion is done so that the author can write about leading the main characters of Sailor Moon to victory "have not worked out well for the most part."1997/1999, Amanda Anderson, A Guide for Writing Sailor Moon Fan Fics. Archived. Reflecting on her own self insert fic, the essay's author described feeling limited by the genre.
In an addendum to the essay, Helen Szeto adds that "Self-insertion fics have tended to fail when the author has suddenly (and inexplicably) altered the balance of the story" and that "a key point to remember about SI fics is that most people read the fanfiction stories because they want to read about the canon characters, and NOT the intimate details of the author's lives.Helen Szeto, Addendum to 'A Guide for Writing Sailor Moon Fan Fics' Many of Helen Szeto's comments about self inserts reflect frequently-made complaints about Mary Sues, and in the 2000 essay Self-Insertion and Mary-Sue-ism the author notes that for months, all the essays he read “equated self-insertion with Mary-Sue-ism from the start, which is one reason why I took some time to realize they weren't the same thing.”Author's notes on Self-Insertion and Mary-Sue-ism, 2000. 
A comment on tumblr on the post Was Fanfic Any Different in the Olden Days? described their experience self inserting as very similar to the 1969 Once Upon a Star Trek:
The early 2000's fanfiction archive Fandominion didn't allow authorfic, including self inserts of any kind:
More recently, some fans and their communities have embraced self insertion and go looking for recommendations on sites like SpaceBattles, SufficientVelocity, and subreddits like :/r/fanfiction, only to get pushback from other fans for liking the genre. For example, in response to one thread seeking out good self inserts:
Examples of this recent uptick in the popularity of self-insertion can be seen in the boom of SI OC fanfiction that originated in the Naruto fandom, or the Modern Girl/Character in Thedas trope in the Dragon Age fandom. Part of the appreciation seems to stem from the self inserts becoming avenues for the reader and writer to explore canon, such as the world building, canon characters, etc.Does anyone really like self-inserts? Posted: 01 March 2018Why is Dreaming of Sunshine so popular? Posted: 22 October 2018 From another thread discussing the quality of self inserts: 
==Examples of Self-Insertion in Fan Fiction==
* MEST #18 was a Special THRUSH Appreciation Issue (Man from UNCLE). It has 10 pages and was published in 1965 by Ted Johnstone for inclusion in the Amateur Press Association (APA) Spectator Amateur Press Society (SAPS) mailing #71. The issue features the story of a hoax played by Johnstone and local fans pretending to be from the evil THRUSH organization from The Man from UNCLE. see more at Zine Wiki 
* Just to show how differently fans thought about self-insertion in those days, Regina Marvinny held a contest in the pages of Tricorder Readings, her Nimoyan Federation LNAF-affiliated clubzine. Entrants were supposed to write a story about themselves meeting Spock. Karen Flanery misunderstood and wrote a lighthearted novella that had Leonard Nimoy visiting her for a day. It was so good they published it anyway. Flanery and Claire Mason also had a one-shot fanzine, Don't You Just Love Leonard Nimoy?, an art portfolio showing herself and Nimoy in a romantic relationship.
* In Mark's Leaps, a Quantum Leap zine, the author is one of the main characters.
* Authors in Forever Knight Wars post multiple self-insertion fics in a giant round-robin style RPG in which anywhere up to 300 fans take part by joining teams (called factions), each of which is affiliated with a character or pairing from the show. It is one of the rules of war that one plays oneself, more or less warts and all, without any special abilities. The function of war is to get to know one's fellow fans, though characters from the series are also written into the story.
* In 2002, the Highlander Holy Ground Forum held a Mary Sue challenge as part of their weekly series of challenges. "Write a (mercifully) short story or vignette in the Highlander universe featuring a character who is obviously a classic Mary or Marty Sue. Extra points for hitting as many of the typical plot and character clichés as you can manage. Roll up your sleeves and show us your worst!" 15 stories were collected.
* Many Role-Playing Game groups have sessions where the players attempt to write themselves up as characters, often resulting in much argument over the game's method of ranking intelligence and attractiveness.
* From the editors' description of the zine Fantazy, "[It is a] media-oriented zine featuring both original universe and existing universe/prose/poetry/scripts starring your favorite actors/actresses - AND - yourself! This is your chance to write yourself into a story and appear in the illo! We encourage it!"
* by the_incidental_author, a BNHA SI into a canon character written 2019-2021
* by BubbleBtch, a Hollow Knight SI OC fic written in 2020-2021
==Meta/Further Reading==
* by embyquinn (2003)
* Putting Yourself in Your Fic on Slashcast (2007)
* (2015)
==References==
Category:Fiction WritingCategory:2020 Featured Articles
Category:Social Media Feature-Terminology ThursdayCategory:Self Insert Fandom