nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Evelin Kaup

__NOTOC__ 
Evelin Kaup is a banker based in Stockholm, Sweden. She is head of product for Nordnet Bank AB.
== Background ==
Before joining Nordnet, Kaup was in various positions for Klarna.
== Education ==
Kaup holds a bachelors degree in finance from Stockholm University and a Masters in finance from the same.
==Video==
Kaup participated in the March 1, 2017 session of MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity in Stockholm, Sweden with a presentation titled "Is FinTech a Threat to Banks?"
== References ==	
Category:Sweden
Category:Nordnet
Category:Stockholm
Category:MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity Speaker
Even With Concerns, Financial Industry Moves Full Speed Ahead

Even With Concerns, Financial Industry Moves Full Speed Ahead 
By, Jessica Titlebaum
Before electronic trading took the industry by storm, humans played a larger role in the path of a trade and were able to catch mistakes. In an automated environment, where should errors be caught?
The FPL Americas Quarterly Meeting brought together Chicago’s financial technology community to discuss risk controls in the current market structure. The panel discussion moderated by MarketsWiki’s John J. Lothian, featured Laurence Latimer, senior vice president and managing director at SunGard; Leslie Sutphen, finishing up her role as managing director at Newedge; and Timo Pentner, managing director at RTS Realtime Systems.
“RTS sees a three layer approach to risk controls including the trading front end, the back end and what the exchanges are doing,” Pentner said. 
He explained that the trading front end or algorithmic engine should have the ability to turn off algorithms if they go wild. The back end looks at all orders and has the ability to consolidate risk over the entire server. The exchanges provide market protections like circuit breakers or volatility controls.
Sutphen added that trading platforms should ‘act as brokers’ and validate orders, confirm trades at an appropriate size and make sure transactions are reasonable. She also added that no one should mistake credit controls for risk controls.
On a related note, RTS’s Pentner said that one of the next steps would be to calculate cash positions. 
“We should find out how much money traders have, how much money firms have and how much margin they are using,” he said. 
As the markets developed into more complicated structures, one of the things Lothian said the industry lost was the element of self-policing. 
“There used to be fear in a trader’s face when something went wrong,” he said. “Humans will let people out of trades because they want them in the pits to trade another day, but electronic markets can’t do that.”
Laurence Latimer of SunGard said that if we could get cooperation from the exchanges, there could be a tool that would give traders a holistic view of their positions and when appropriate, bring the fear back. 
Speed and rationality were other hot topics discussed by the panelists. It appears that even though the markets are trading faster, smarter and better, we have traded back office risk for front-end risk. 
Pentner explained that the need for speed was met at the expense of risk parameters.
“The focus was on lower latency so risk parameters were eased,” he said. 
Now that we have gone from milliseconds to even microseconds, he believes the next step will be to include more sophisticated risk controls.
Trades that happen faster than the blink of an eye raise another concern; do the markets need a time out?
Latimer pointed out that Brazil used to take trading breaks during the World Cup but could not afford to do that if the rest of the world was still working during that time.
“If Brazil doesn’t take breaks during the World Cup anymore, we can’t bring the world back from moving full speed ahead,” he said.
Event derivatives

Event derivatives are contracts, usually traded over the counter, speculating on the outcome of a particular event, such as a major election or a sports match. They have only two outcomes, paying either 100 percent (if the trader correctly predicts the outcome) or zero (if he or she is wrong). 
Although various entities had discussed launching event derivatives, the products really came into the public eye at the Futures Industry Association (FIA) conference in 2005, when two separate exchanges, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX) and HedgeStreet, announced that they intended to offer binary event derivatives. Neither exchange has been able to generate enough liquidity for the products to really take off, although HedgeStreet still offers event derivatives and has continued to add products to its list. In February 2009 HedgeStreet added binary options based on Initial Jobless Claims, European Central Bank Rate Announcements on interest rates, and it plans to add Nonfarm Payrolls and Unemployment Rate contracts to the roster.
CFTC Regulation 40.11 prohibits event contracts that reference terrorism, assassination, war, gaming, or any unlawful activity.  On April 2, 2012, the CFTC issued an Order Prohibiting the Listing or Trading of certain Political Event Contracts at the North American Derivatives Exchange (NADEX). The contracts, which would have paid out based on the outcome of certain US federal elections, were determined to involve gaming and to be contrary to the public interest.
A federal judge ruled in September 2024 to allow Americans to use derivatives for event betting, in a setback for the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which had attempted to block them. The predictions marketplace KalshiEX LLC sought to list contracts that would let users bet on whether a particular party would control the House of Representatives and Senate in a given term. But the CFTC prohibited Kalshi from listing and clearing those contracts because of concerns about unlawful gaming. An appeals court upheld the order in October 2024.
In February 2025, the CFTC formally requested that Robinhood Derivatives, LLC “not permit customers to access” sports event contracts. Robinhood subsequently suspended the rollout of its "Pro Football Championship" market (event contracts on the 2025 Super Bowl). Robinhood said it would continue to collaborate with the CFTC as it worked to roll out more event contracts later in the year.
== References ==
Category:Derivatives
Eventus

Eventus is a global provider of multi-asset class trade surveillance and market risk management. Its Validus platform can be deployed and operated across equities, options, futures, FX, fixed income, and cryptocurrency markets. Validus clients include tier-1 banks, broker-dealers, futures commission merchants (FCMs), proprietary trading groups, market centers, buy-side institutions and energy/commodity trading firms.
== History ==
The firm was formed as an offshoot of RGM Advisors, founded by Richard Gorelick using some of the proprietary trading technology developed by the firm. As a separate company, Eventus developed a suite of regulatory technology products that help firms monitor trading and various market risks.
On February 19, 2020, Eventus announced it had raised $10.5 million of growth capital in a Series A investment round led by Chicago-based Jump Capital and Austin-based LiveOak Venture Partners.
On Jan. 7, 2021, Eventus announced that 2020 was its strongest year to date in revenue and new client onboardings. Following the Series A, the firm more than tripled its staff, established a presence in Europe and expanded in the APAC region.
== Products and Services ==
Validus is a platform that combines trade surveillance, market risk, algo monitoring and anti-money laundering (AML)/transaction monitoring to maximize the efficiency of clients’ regulatory operations.
In June 2020, Eventus forged a strategic alliance with VoxSmart, a communications surveillance technology provider, for global market participants looking to enhance their surveillance and risk management capabilities across the entire order and trade lifecycle. 
In June 2019, Eventus teamed up with QuantHouse, enabling QuantHouse clients to use the Validus surveillance platform to monitor trading operations. 
== Awards ==
Eventus Systems has received multiple global awards and honors since 2018, including:
* WatersTechnology’s Sell-Side Technology award for Best Sell-Side Market Surveillance Provider (2021)
* Markets Media’s Markets Choice Award for Best in RegTech (2020 and 2021)
* FOW International Award for Market Surveillance Solution of the Year (2020) 
* FOW International Award for Best New Technology Product: Market Surveillance (2019). 
* RegTech Insight Award for Best Trade Surveillance Solution for the Dodd-Frank Act (2019 and 2020)
* Risk Technology Award for Market Surveillance Product of the Year in the Risk Technology Awards (2019).
== Key People ==
*Travis Schwab, CEO
*Jeff Bell, President
*Perry Barth, Chief Financial Officer
*Eric Einfalt, Chief Strategy Officer 
*Scott Schroeder, Global Head of Sales
*Joseph Schifano, Global Head of Regulatory Affairs
*Dan Burton, Vice President, Engineering
*John Dawson, Vice President, Engineering
== References ==
Category:Regulatory Compliance Software Providers
Category:Independent Software Vendors
Even~Keel Trading

Even~Keel Trading is a trading performance coaching firm. The firm's philosophy involves learning to change one's mind about who one is as a trader and examining how an individual perceives opportunities and navigates market volatility. According to the firm's Web site, the firm's methods draw on the experiences of explorer and navigator Ernest Shackelton on the ship “Endurance,” with the hope of charting a course toward "deeper psychological trading patterns that are foundational to consistent profitability."
Clients include individual traders, proprietary groups, and trading organizations.
Even~Keel Trading has an affiliation with Northwestern University’s Futures & Options Certificate Program and the firm offers a course called "Poised To Perform: A Psychological Framework For Trading Success. Students can attend the course live or online. 
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
* Trading Coach, Mark Paulik
* Trading Coach, Ken Celiano, Psy.D.
== References ==
Category:Educational Resources
Everette B. Harris

__NOTOC__ 
Everette Bagby Harris was an American businessman and Chicago exchange executive who served as the president of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange from 1953 to 1978, with a brief interruption in the early '60s. Before joining the CME, Harris had been secretary of the Chicago Board of Trade.
Harris was quoted in a Chicago Tribune article in 1993 about why he stayed at the CME so long. He said, "The action. That's where the action was. A floating crap game."
== Background ==
Harris was born April 18, 1913, on an 80-acre farm just outside of Norris, IL in Fulton County. He died in 1993 at the age of 80.
He was married to Marguerite Solberg, whom he met while attending the University of Illinois.
His first post collegiate job was in the advertising department of Southern Indiana Gas & Electric Co. He earned a weekly salary of $85.
He took a job in the Bureau of Labor Statistics in Washington, DC and Chicago during World War II. He later served as an economist for Mandel Brothers, Inc., a large retail store on State Street in Chicago.
During and after World War II he worked for the government's Bureau of Labor Statistics in Washington and Chicago, and later as an economist for Mandel Bros. Inc., the storied retail giant on State Street. 
In 1949, after graduating from the University of Chicago with a masters degree in economics, he was hired by the Chicago Board of Trade as its secretary. He stayed in that position until 1953. 
In 1953, the CME hired Harris and doubled his $10,000 a year salary and made him president of the exchange.
When Harris joined the CME, exchange memberships were trading between $2000 and $4000. By 1969, after a slew of new products were introduced, a CME membership would trade at $90,000. In 1993, prior to his death, memberships were trading at $620,000.
Harris helped engineer a move of the CME to a new site in 1972, the steel-and-girder building at 444 W. Jackson Blvd on the Chicago river and right above Union Station.
He was described as a university trained economist before becoming secretary of the Chicago Board of Trade.
During his tenure as president of the CME, many new products were introduced, from cattle to foreign exchange futures. Pork Bellies were launched in 1961, Cattle were introduced in 1964 and trading in chickens started in 1968.
New products were needed at the CME because of changes in markets for some of their leading products. Butter trading was negatively impacted by government support programs. The onion futures market was outlawed by federal legislation after a price-rigging scheme rocked the exchange.
Harris lobbied hard against the bill to ban onion trading.
== Education ==
Harris received a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Illinois in 1935. He came to the school in in 1931 and paid for this tuition with an academic scholarship and by waiting tables at the old Southern Tea Room in Champaign.
He earned a masters in economics from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
== References ==	
Category:Former Exchange Presidents
Category:Chicago Mercantile Exchange Presidents
Evgeni Mitkov

__NOTOC__ 
Evgeni Mitkov is a strategic advisor to Orthogonal Trading. 
He is the former CEO of SURFACExchange.
== Background ==
Before joining SURFACExchange, Mitkov was an electronic trading manager at GFI.
==John Lothian News Interview==
SURFACExchange CEO Evgeni Mitkov Discusses the Potential for FX Options
Mitkov, CEO of SURFACExchange, launched the FX options ECN in August 2011. Just over a year later, they’ve attracted almost 50 firms by offering the ECN to currency options traders through a no-install browser-based platform. Mitkov spoke with JLN editor-in-chief Jim Kharouf during Profit & Loss Forex Network Chicago about how the FX market is holding up, how the participation base is shifting away from banks, and where the FX options space is moving. Published Oct. 16, 2012. Watch at JohnLothianNews.com
== Education ==
Mitkov attended Babson College.
== References ==	
Category: Bios - Executives
Category:SURFACExchange
Evolution Markets Inc.

Evolution Markets Inc. structures transactions and provides brokerage and merchant banking services for the global environmental finance market and clean energy sectors.
== Background ==
The company has experience and knowledge in the global carbon, U.S. emissions, renewable energy, weather derivative, and coal, natural gas, nuclear fuel, and biofuels markets. It serves global clients on five continents from offices in New York, San Francisco, London, and Buenos Aires. 
Evolution Markets Financial Services LLC is a subsidiary of Evolution Markets Inc. and provides merchant banking services to the environmental markets and clean energy sectors and is a member of FINRA. 
Evolution Markets is also a founding member of the emissions market, Green Exchange.
along with New York Mercantile Exchange, Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc., Credit Suisse, JPMorgan, Merrill Lynch, Tudor Investment Corp., ICAP, Constellation Energy, Vitol SA and RNK Capital LLC. 
== References ==
Ex-dividend date

The ex-dividend date is a critical concept in the world of finance, particularly for investors in stocks and other dividend-paying securities. It represents an essential milestone in the dividend distribution process, impacting the eligibility of shareholders to receive upcoming dividend payments. 
Definition: The ex-dividend date, often abbreviated as "ex-date," is a specific date determined by a company's board of directors and announced to the public. It is one of the key dates in the dividend distribution timeline and is used to determine which shareholders are entitled to receive a dividend payment. On the ex-dividend date, the company's stock begins trading without the value of the upcoming dividend.
==How It Works==
Understanding the ex-dividend date requires a grasp of the dividend distribution process:
Declaration Date: This is the first step in the process. It is when the company's board of directors formally declares the dividend, including the dividend amount per share and the payment date. This information is communicated to shareholders through press releases or regulatory filings.
Ex-Dividend Date: The ex-dividend date is set by the stock exchange on which the company's shares are traded. It is typically two business days before the record date (explained below). Investors who buy shares before the ex-dividend date are eligible to receive the dividend.
Record Date: This is the date on which the company identifies and records the shareholders who are entitled to receive the dividend. Shareholders who own the stock on the record date will receive the dividend, even if they sell the stock after this date.
Payment Date: On the payment date, the company distributes the dividend to eligible shareholders in the form of cash, additional shares, or other agreed-upon methods.
== Implications for Investors ==
The ex-dividend date has several important implications for investors:
Dividend Eligibility: To receive a dividend, an investor must own the stock before the ex-dividend date. Buying the stock on or after this date will not make them eligible for the current dividend payment.
Stock Price Adjustment: On the ex-dividend date, the stock's price typically decreases by an amount roughly equivalent to the dividend per share. This adjustment reflects the fact that new buyers of the stock will not receive the upcoming dividend.
Income Strategy: For income-focused investors, the ex-dividend date is a crucial factor in planning their investment strategy. They may aim to purchase dividend-paying stocks before the ex-dividend date to secure the dividend income.
Trading Activity: The ex-dividend date often sees increased trading activity, as investors buy shares to qualify for the dividend or sell after the ex-dividend date when the stock's price adjusts downward.
== References ==
Category:Stocks
Category:Dividends
Exchange-traded derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives are products listed for trading on public exchanges and consist mostly of options and futures contracts, compared to OTC derivatives like credit-default swaps that are traded privately. The derivatives exchange acts as an intermediary to all transactions and acts as a guarantor, using pooled initial margin from both sides of the trade. Exchange-traded derivatives reduce counter party risk in contrast to OTC derivatives where one party depends on the other party to fulfill its obligation. Exchange-traded derivatives typically have standard contract specifications and exchanges make pricing available on a real time basis promoting transparency. In contrast, OTC derivatives are tailored to meet the needs of each party and lack transparency. 
The world's top three derivatives exchanges are the Korea Exchange, Eurex, and CME Group. The BM&F, Nasdaq OMX PHLX, and the Chicago Board of Options Exchange were the largest equity option exchanges. 
== The Push ==
 
In 2008, U.S. exchange operator NYSE Euronext formed an alliance with Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) to share information and resources with the aim of expanding their combined global reach. DCE is China's largest futures exchange by trading volume while NYSE Euronext is the world's largest exchange group by market capitalization. 
Following the recent global credit crisis, investors are now clamoring for previously OTC derivatives trading to move to regulated public trading spheres to create more transparency in the market. They are demanding that central exchanges and clearinghouses be provided specially to trade products like interest rate swaps that had previously been bought and sold privately through investment banks and other financiers. 
== Volume and regional trends ==
Based on data from the Futures Industry Association (FIA), combined futures and options volume across 81 global exchanges rose 11.4 percent in 2011 to 24,972,402,568 contracts. Volume growth was reported up 60.9 percent in the five years to 2011. Trade volume growth has been paced by activity in Brazil, China, India, and Russia. 
Based on product type, equity indices and individual equities posted the greatest volumes in 2011 and accounted for 33.9 percent and 28.3 percent of total volume respectively. Interest products were the next most traded category with a 14.0 percent share.
By region, 39.3 percent of exchange-traded volume occurred in the Asia Pacific followed by 32.8 percent in North America. Europe was the next largest region with 20.1 percent of trading activity. 
== References ==
Category:Derivatives
Exchange-traded notes

Exchange-traded notes are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that was first issued by Barclays Bank PLC. This type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes in that ETN returns are based on the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed and no principal protection exists.
ETNs combine the aspects of bonds and exchange traded funds (ETFs). Like ETFs, ETNs are traded on a major exchange during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the debt security until maturity. At that time the issuer will give the investor a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount (subject to the day's index factor).
== References ==
Category:Exchange Products
Category:Trading
Exchange for Related Positions (EFRPs)

Exchange-for-related-position trades allow investors to exchange futures contracts for related cash, physical instrument or off-exchange derivative positions, such as options or swaps contracts. 
Types of EFRP transactions include:
* Exchange for Physical (EFP) - Exchanging a position in the underlying physical instrument for a corresponding futures position.
* Exchange for Risk (EFR) - Exchanging a position in an over-the-counter (OTC) swap or other OTC derivative in the same or related instrument for a position in the corresponding futures contract.
* Exchange of Options for Options (EOO) - Exchanging a position in an OTC option (or other OTC contract with similar characteristics) in the same or related instrument for an option position.
== References ==
Category:Market Terms