nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Muthukrishnan Ramaswami

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Muthukrishnan Ramaswami is a Singapore-based banking and exchange executive who currently serves as the president of Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX), responsible for driving the growth of the exchange's the technology, operations, market data and access and membership and international coverage . He joined SGX in July 2007.
The exchange announced on June 27, 2019 that Ramaswami would retire from the role after 12 years at the exchange.
== Background ==
Before joining SGX, Ramaswami spent 21 years at Citigroup, holding several key positions in operations, technology and transaction banking and, most recently, as chief information officer of Citigroup's global consumer bank, where he was responsible for technology delivery in 42 countries. While at Citi, he held positions in Mumbai, Singapore, Hong Kong, London and New York.
== Education ==
Ramaswami holds a master’s degree in mathematics from Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences and a post graduate diploma in management studies from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Singapore
Category:Exchange Presidents
Category:Exchange Executives
Category:SGX
Mutual funds

A mutual fund is a company that brings together money from many individuals and invests it in bonds, stocks, or other assets. The total holdings of stocks, bonds or other assets the fund owns are known as its portfolio. Each investor in the fund owns shares, which represent a part of these holdings.
A mutual fund manager is responsible for investing the pooled money into specific assets. Pooling money together in a mutual fund allows investors to buy stocks, bonds or other assets at a lower trading cost than doing it on their own. It also allows them to diversify into a variety of assets.
The Securities and Exchange Commission offers the publication "Invest Wisely: An Introduction to Mutual Funds" to educate the public on how mutual funds work, what factors to consider before investing, and how to avoid common pitfalls.
== Resources ==
* Mutual Fund Investors Center
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Funds
My Block, My Hood, My City

My Block, My Hood, My City (MBMHMC) is a Chicago-based nonprofit organization dedicated to improving the lives of young people in underprivileged neighborhoods and promoting community engagement. Founded by former WH Trading employee Jahmal Cole in 2013, the organization has gained recognition for its innovative programs and efforts to address issues of inequality and opportunity.
==Mission and Initiatives== 
My Block, My Hood, My City's mission is to provide young people from underserved neighborhoods with a broader perspective on life, education, and career opportunities. The organization achieves this through several key initiatives:
Exploration: MBMHMC organizes exploratory field trips that take students from underserved communities to different parts of the city and beyond. These trips expose young people to new experiences, cultures, and career possibilities, broadening their horizons and inspiring them to aspire to a brighter future.
Community Engagement: Jahmal Cole and his team actively engage with the community, organizing and supporting service projects that empower local residents to take pride in their neighborhoods and actively contribute to their improvement.
Scholarships and Support: My Block, My Hood, My City offers scholarships and educational support to help young individuals pursue higher education and personal development opportunities.
Advocacy: Cole uses his platform to advocate for equity, education, and social justice in Chicago and beyond. He raises awareness about the challenges facing underprivileged communities and encourages positive change.
Impact and Recognition
My Block, My Hood, My City's programs have had a significant impact on the lives of young people in Chicago's underserved neighborhoods. The organization's efforts have helped students gain access to educational and career opportunities that they might not have otherwise had, contributing to the revitalization and empowerment of these communities.
The organization has received recognition and awards for its contributions to the community.
== History ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
Cole, the founder of My Block, My Hood, My City, is a well-known community organizer and activist. He was born and raised in Chicago and has a deep connection to the city and its neighborhoods. His personal experiences and dedication to social change have been instrumental in the organization's success.
== References ==
Category:WH Trading
Category:Non-Profits
Myriam Condon

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Myriam Condon is vice president of member services and business development at the Futures Industry Association. She is responsible for attracting, supporting and retaining members and working with senior management to develop strategies to add value to their membership in FIA.
She was previously at CurveGlobal, the London Stock Exchange's derivatives platform. Prior to that, she was with Fidessa as a global account director and sales director for futures and options clients. 
She has also worked for several independent software vendors and tech firms in the financial space.
== Background ==
Condon served in a number of positions at Fidessa, an independent software vendor based in London. She was a sales manager from March 2014 to March 2015, focused on sell-side mid-tier organizations in Europe, Middle East and Africa. She also was part of Fidessa's high-value new business team run out of New York. In addition, she worked as futures and options global account director, 
and futures and options global account director there working on client relations, primarily with top 10 futures commission merchants from March 2013 to March 2014. Before that, she worked in a sales role for Fidessa's futures and options services for existing and new customers in Europe, from September 2011 to May 2013.
Prior to joining Fidessa, Condon worked at Patsystems in new sales and business development in the EMEA region from January 2007 to June 2011. Before taking the sales role, she served as a business analyst and product manager for Patsystems, now a division of ION Trading. 
Condon began her career in the financial industry in 1999 with Eontec, now owned by Oracle, working as a consultant analyst/designer, developing multi-channel banking solutions for the firm. 
 
She is a former trustee for Futures for Kids and a member of Women in Listed Derivatives.
== Education ==
She earned a B.Sc (hons) in biochemistry in 1998 and a post-graduate diploma in computer science in 1999, both
from the University College Dublin. 
 
== References ==	
Category:Patsystems - Former Employees
Category:Fidessa - Former Employees
Myriam Herrera

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Myriam Herrera is a Chicago-based development professional who serves as a development director for the Pathway to Adventure Council of the Boy Scouts of America. She is responsible for three major fundraising events for the council, including the LaSalle Street Trading Tech Awards that engages the Chicago financial district.
== Background ==
Herrera, whose married name is Gilhuly, graduated from Buffalo Grove High School.
She began her career in the telecommunications infrastructure industry, with a focus on Latin America as a sales manager for Comsat International. She has also served as director of sales for Mexico for Radio Frequency Systems.
Herrera has alsow worked with The Pepper Group, a business-to-business marketing agency in a development role. 
In 2011, joined the Chicago Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America in a role to help the Scouts penetrate the Latino market.
The Chicago Area Council would later merge with three other adjoining councils to form the Pathway to Adventure Council.
She is responsible for major Scouting fundraising events in the metals industry, construction industry and Chicago's financial district.
She was responsible for developing the Trading Tech merit badge workshop program with the help of John Lothian. She expanded the concept into the construction industry with Building Tech merit badge workshops.
== Education ==
She holds a bachelor of science degree from Northern Illinois University in the field of marketing and international economics.
== References ==	
Category:The Pepper Group - Former Employees
Category:Boy Scouts of America Professionals
N2EX

N2EX is a joint venture between Nord Pool Spot and Nasdaq OMX Commodities AS slated to begin providing market and clearing services for the UK wholesale power market. As of April of 2009, it was expected to launch on Sept. 28, 2009. It is also expected that N2EX will expand its offering by providing clearing through UK settlement banks, available from the third quarter.
Although N2EX is the name of the UK power market offering from NASDAQ OMX Commodities and Nord Pool Spot, it is not a legal entity.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
*N2 operates as a physical power exchange with platforms for the trading of UK Power contracts.
== Key People ==
*Head, NASDAQ OMX Commodites AS, Geir Reigstad
*Acting CEO, Nord Pool Spot AS, Petter Torp
*Director trading, Nord Pool Spot AS, Hans Randen
== References ==
Category:Power Markets
Category:NASDAQ OMX
NASDAQ BX

NASDAQ OMX BX (BX) is the name given to the Boston Stock Exchange after it was acquired by NASDAQ OMX. 
On June 29, 2012, it was announced that NASDAQ OMX BX Options had become an OCC participant exchange and would begin operations that day.
 The addition of NASDAQ OMX BX Options to the NASDAQ OMX exchange group brought the total number of options markets in the U.S. to ten. 
== History ==
Nasdaq re-launched the Boston exchange as Nasdaq OMX BX on January 16, 2009. The Boston exchange operates with the same technology infrastructure and matching engine that Nasdaq uses. However it uses different pricing that targets different constituencies. 
The exchange announced that as of March 2, 2009 Nasdaq would invert Boston's pricing, pushing its take fee below its rebate. This move made it more competitive with the NYSE, which announced a plan to push its liquidity rebate up to 10 cents per 100 shares, from no rebate, and the liquidity take fee to 18 cents per 100 shares, from 10 cents. 
Initially, BX continued to credit liquidity providers 20 cents per 100 shares, but as of March, 2009 it charged liquidity takers 14 cents instead of 22 cents. Member firms that take as much liquidity as they provide would be able to pocket the 6-cent spread. 
== Products and Services ==
BX trades national-listed (Reg NMS) securities that are listed on NASDAQ, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NYSE Alternext and other regional exchanges. 
== Key People ==
* Eric W. Noll, CEO The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC & NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC
* Joan C. Conley, Senior Vice President and Corporate Secretary
* John Zecca, Senior Vice President and Chief Regulatory Officer
* Tom Wittman, Head of U.S. Options at NASDAQ OMX
* Merit E. Janow, Chairman of the Board of Directors
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ OMX
NASDAQ Nordic

NASDAQ OMX Nordic, like NASDAQ OMX Baltic, is not a legal entity but describes the common offering from NASDAQ OMX exchanges in Helsinki, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Iceland, Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius.
In October of 2009, NASDAQ OMX Nordic, together with EMCF (European Multilateral Clearing Facility), announced that they had launched a full central counterparty clearing (CCP) service on the NASDAQ OMX exchanges in Copenhagen, Helsinki and Stockholm.
*Helsinki
*Copenhagen
*NASDAQ OMX Stockholm
*NASDAQ OMX Iceland
*NASDAQ OMX Tallinn
*NASDAQ OMX Riga
*NASDAQ OMX Vilnius
 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
In October of 2015 it was reported that Nasdaq Nordic would offer a choice of CCP providers for trading members on its cash equity markets in Stockholm, Helsinki and Copenhagen. Nasdaq Nordic plans to introduce LCH.Clearnet Ltd on or near November 23, 2015 and SIX x-clear AG on or near March 29, 2016 as additional cash equity CCP providers, pending regulatory approval. Both new CCPs, along with EuroCCP N.V., the existing CCP for the Nasdaq Nordic cash equity markets, will become interoperable on Nasdaq Nordic equity markets.
== Key People ==
* Peter Norman, Chairman
* Lauri Rosendahl, President
== References ==
NASDAQ OMX BX Options

NASDAQ OMX BX Options (BX Options) is the newest and third U.S. stock-options market of the NASDAQ OMX exchange group. BX Options is a retail order flow focused options market and is supported by many of the same market makers who support Nasdaq's other options exchanges, NASDAQ Options Market (NOM), and Nasdaq PHLX. 
The market intends to capture more business from retail brokerage firms by paying small rebates for their orders, while charging fees to market-makers that supply prices and trade on those orders. 
On June 29, 2012, it was announced that BX Options had become an OCC participant exchange and would begin operations that day. The addition of BX Options to the NASDAQ OMX brought the total number of options markets in the U.S. to 10.
== History ==
BX Options uses the options-trading license from NASDAQ OMX's acquisition of the former Boston Stock Exchange in 2009. The license became available in June 2012 when the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) gave approval to the BOX Options Exchange for its own license. 
== Products and Services ==
The exchange offers the same SQF, FIX, and CTI low latency INET technology architecture currently used on NOM. BX Options initiated trading in options linked to Alcoa Inc., Citigroup Inc., Intel Corp., Micron Technology Inc. and Patriot Coal Corp. On July 10, 2012, options on another 50 securities will be introduced and on July 17, 2012, the remaining options contracts will be listed priced in one-penny increments.
BX Options membership process is identical to current practices on the NASDAQ Stock Market and NOM.
== Key People ==
* Tom Wittman, Head of U.S. Options at NASDAQ OMX
== References ==
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ OMX
NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen

NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S is a subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX which operates a Danish securities market. It lists and trades stocks, bonds, investment certificates, and derivatives and also runs a clearing house for derivatives. It provides a channel through which Danish companies can raise risk capital. 
NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen A/S operates separate segments for the small and medium-sized companies. 
In 2019 Nasdaq Copenhagen introduced a new trading period at the end of each day where investors can continue to buy and sell shares at the closing auction price. The new phase, called Trading at Closing Price, will run from 5 p.m. to 5:10 p.m. local time, starting May 1, 2019, the exchange said. It will address new demand from investors as closing auction turnover on the Danish exchange accounts for a growing share of the average daily volume, Nasdaq said.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Bjørn Sibbern, President
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:European Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ OMX
NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange

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Also see:
*Philadelphia Board of Trade
*Nasdaq Futures, Inc. (NFX)
*Nasdaq, Inc.
The NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange (NFX), formerly the Philadelphia Board of Trade (PBOT) began as a futures exchange and a subsidiary of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange commonly known as the PHLX. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission certified the Philadelphia Board of Trade as a designated contract market on May 26, 2006. NFX offers trading of IDEX USD Interest Rate Swap Futures, World Currency Futures and Sector Index Futures. NFX futures contracts are cash settled, not deliverable contracts.
The clearing house for IDEX USD Interest Rate Swap Futures contracts is International Derivatives Clearing House (IDCH). The clearing house for all other NFX trades is The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC).
As part of its Philadelphia Stock Exchange acquisition, NASDAQ acquired the futures market operated by the PBOT and the Stock Clearing Corporation of Philadelphia (SCCP) in July 2008.. On January 20, 2009, NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. renamed the Philadelphia Board of Trade the NASDAQ OMX Futures Exchange (NFX). As a result of this acquisition, the offerings of the PBOT were combined with NASDAQ's existing offerings. 
In January 2014, the CFTC classified the exchange as a dormant contract market. However, in November 2014, the regulator reinstated Nasdaq Futures as a designated contract market. 
==The NFX Announcement, FIA Boca Conference 2015==
In March 2015, NASDAQ announced its launch of a U.S. based platform for energy futures to, in the words of CEO Bob Greifeld, to bring around the demise of the monopolistic environment” in energy trading. 
The exchange, officially called Nasdaq Futures, Inc. (NFX), launched in July 2015.
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Category:Futures Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ
Category: NFX
NASDAQ OMX PSX

Nasdaq OMX PSX is the smallest of Nasdaq OMX Group's three U.S. stock exchanges. Nasdaq OMX re-launched the PSX exchange on April 29, 2013 for the trading of exchange-traded funds. According to a Nasdaq OMX press release, the goal was to “introduce incentives for member firms to provide competitive quotes in exchange-traded products and make more shares available to investors.” Nasdaq originally launched its PSX exchange in October 2010 using a "price-size priority pro-rata" structure, rather than the more commonly used "price-time priority" structure.
PSX competes with NYSE Euronext's NYSE Arca, which also focuses on exchange-traded products. With the re-launch, PSX shifted to a price-time priority execution model. Firms with an existing PHLX membership and connectivity to NASDAQ OMX data centers will be able to access PSX. 
== References ==
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
NASDAQ Options Market (NOM)

The NASDAQ Options Market ("NOM") is one of NASDAQ OMX Group's (Nasdaq:NDAQ) two electronic options markets. (The other is Nasdaq OMX Phlx.) NOM is a U.S. options exchange. After an announced delay in December of 2008, the exchange received rule approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission in mid-March of 2008. 
Nasdaq Options Market offers participants a price/time priority trading system, with depth of market and proprietary data feeds.
The system links with and complies with the obligations of the Option Intermarket Linkage Plan.
In mid-April of 2009, NASDAQ Options Market announced it would implement new pricing, subject to filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Amid the changes, the NASDAQ Options Market expanded the list of options in which orders with an account type of “customer” remove liquidity for free to all Penny Pilot options. The NASDAQ Options Market also introduced a rebate of $0.20 per executed contract for orders with an account type of "Customer" that remove liquidity on Non-Penny Pilot options. NOM also announced that market makers and firms would receive a rebate of $0.25 per executed contract for providing liquidity in Penny Pilot options and would be charged a fee of $0.30 per executed contract for providing liquidity in non-Penny Pilot options.
== Background ==
According to the NASDAQ, the move to decimalization would shift the competitive landscape toward market platforms that are equipped to handle extremely high volume with an equally high level of efficiency. The NASDAQ has said its options market would leverage the NASDAQ equities trading system that it acquired through the INET acquisition.
Market participants include options order-entry firms (OEFs) that represent customer orders as agent on the NASDAQ Options Market and non-market maker participants conducting proprietary trading as principal. There will be no restriction on an OEF’s ability to enter orders on both sides of the market.
Options market makers are options participants registered with the exchange as options market makers and registered with the NASDAQ options market in an options series listed on the NASDAQ Options Market. To become an options market maker, an options participant is required to register by filing a written application.
== Products and Services ==
*Equity Options
*ETFs
== Also See ==
NASDAQ Options Market FAQs
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Options Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Categorgy:NASDAQ OMX
NASDAQ PHLX

NASDAQ OMX PHLX was formed in July of 2008 when the NASDAQ OMX Group took over the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. Under the transformation, NASDAQ OMX PHLX became part of the NASDAQ Transaction Services U.S. group. It continues as a distinct entity alongside The NASDAQ Options Market, launched in March 2008. 
With the transaction, NASDAQ OMX Group has a combined 17 percent market share in the U.S. equity options market between its two market models making it a serious contender in options trade as it now has a much larger footprint in global derivatives. 
Through NASDAQ OMX PHLX, the NASDAQ OMX Group is able to offer customers both electronic and hybrid floor-based options trading. 
NASDAQ OMX PHLX maintained operations at The Philadelphia Stock Exchange building along with the options trading floor. 
== History ==
Nasdaq OMX Group Inc. Celebrates Its Acquisition Of The Philadelphia Stock Exchange
The Wall Street Journal reported in April of 2007 that the two exchanges had been discussing a possible deal for months. The Philadelphia exchange, which was the third-largest options exchange in the U.S., was majority-owned by a group of brokerage firms. The six Wall Street firms - Merrill Lynch, Citadel Derivatives Morgan Stanley, Citigroup, Credit Suisse and UBS - held a collective 89.4 percent stake in PHLX.
The member-owned exchange announced an agreed $652 million cash sale to the NASDAQ on Nov. 7, 2007. That deal closed in the first quarter of 2008.
In early 2010, Nasdaq OMX PHLX adopted maker-taker pricing for some of its most actively traded options. Instead of charging market makers fees it began giving rebates for providing liquidity, and it began charging fees to customers.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People As A Result Of The Transition ==
*Robert Greifeld is NASDAQ OMX CEO. His title previously was president and chief executive officer of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.
*Meyer (Sandy) Frucher, former chairman and CEO of The Philadelphia Stock Exchange is vice chairman of the NASDAQ OMX Group. 
*Adam Nunes, former vice president, transaction services at The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. and Head of The NASDAQ Options Market is now head of U.S. Options.
*Chris Concannon, former executive vice president, transaction services for The NASDAQ Stock Market is now executive vice president of NASDAQ OMX Transaction Services.
*Thomas A. Wittman was a former executive vice president & chief technology officer at PHLX and senior vice president of trading system development at the Philly exchange. He is now president of NASDAQ OMX PHLX.
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Option Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Category:NASDAQ OMX