nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Nytril fiber

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber containing at least 85% by weight of a long chain polymer of vinylidene dinitrile (-CH2-C(CN)2-) and having the vinylidene dinitrile group in no less than every other unit in the polymer chain (Federal Trade Commission definition). The comonomer used in the Nytril synthesis is vinyl acetate. Nytril fibers were first sold commercially in 1955 under the brand name of Darlan. This name was soon changed to Darvan, but its production in the U.S. stopped in the early 1960s. Nytril made a soft, resilient fabric that did not shrink and was wrinkle resistant. It was used for sweaters and pile fabrics. Nytril was also used in wool blends to improve dimensional stability in coats and suits. The fibers, however, were difficult to dye and never became popular.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
nytril fibre; nitrile fiber; Darvan®; Darlan; Travis
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Resistant to dilute acids and alkalis and to most organic solvents. 
* Resistant to sunlight, oxidation and insects. 
* Fiber =opaque, white. 
* Cross section = flattened or hook-shaped. 
* Tenacity = 2.0 g/denier (dry); 1.7 (wet); 
* Elongation = 30% (dry or wet); 
* Moisture regain = 2-3%; 
* Melting Point = 170 C (softens); 
* Density = 1.18 gm/cc
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Textile School: website
* G.Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984, p.523.
Category:Materials database
OADC

= Ormylia Art Diagnostic Centre =
"The Ormylia Art Diagnosis Centre (OADC) conducts interdisciplinary research with a view to documenting and preserving monuments of cultural heritage. The Centre operates in Ormylia, Chalkidiki, under the auspices of the Sacred Convent of the Annunciation, a dependency of the Monastery of Simonos Petra on the Holy Mountain. It also specialises in the study and promotion of the Byzantine iconographic tradition. During its eight years of operation, however, it has significantly expanded its undertakings to include the entire field of painted artwork. The Centre has established successful diagnostic procedures for identifying the constituent elements and processes in the creation of works of art. In parallel, it develops novel techniques and integrates new hardware and software. It views these research areas as an integral part of the interdisciplinary approach for the surviving monuments of the religious and cultural heritage." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.ormyliafoundation.gr/en/artdiagnosis.php
Postal Address 	Ormylia Art Diagnosis Centre
Sacred Convent of the Annunciation
63071 - Ormylia
Greece
Phone 	30 371 98400
Fax 	30 371 98402
Contact 	ormylia@artdiagnosis.gr
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Technical information
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Archived information
Related links
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	English
Greek
Category:Directory
OCLC

= Online Computer Library Center =
"A global library cooperative OCLC is a nonprofit membership organization serving 41,000 libraries in 82 countries and territories around the world. Founded in 1967 by university presidents to share library resources and reduce library costs, OCLC introduced an online shared cataloging system for libraries in 1971 that today is used by libraries around the world. The Interlibrary Loan service was introduced in 1979 and since then has been used for more than 118 million loans among 6,928 libraries around the world. The FirstSearch service was introduced as a reference tool in 1991 and is now used by 19,246 libraries. At the center of OCLC services is the WorldCat database, which is the most consulted database in higher education Holds over 47 million cataloging records created by libraries around the world, with a new record added every 15 seconds. Spans over 4,000 years of recorded knowledge with 400 languages represented." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.oclc.org/home/
Postal Address 	OCLC Online Computer 
Library Center, Inc. 
6565 Frantz Road
Dublin, OH 43017-3395USA
Phone 	+1 614 764 6000+1 800 848 5878 (USA/Can)
Fax 	+1 614 764 6096
Contact 	oclc@oclc.org
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Publications viewable online
Job openings
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Newsletter (): OCLC Technical Bulletin: current and past issues available onlineCategory:Directory
OERV

= Oesterreichischer Restauratorenverband =
Postal Address 	Oesterreichischer Restauratorenverband 
Postfach 576 
1011 WIEN 
AUSTRIA
Phone 	+43 664 /50 33 064O
Contact 	info@orv.at
Information Online	Publishes journal
Publication sold online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Membership organization
Website Languages 	German
== Comments ==
Publication: KONSERVIEREN RESTAURIERENCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Membership organization
OPD

= Opificio delle Pietre Dure e Laboratori di Restauro =
The Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD) is an autonomous Institute of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage, whose function is research and training activities in the field of conservation of works of art. The Institute was initially established at the desire of Ferdinando I de' Medici for the production and workmanship of semiprecious stone furnishings; in the late 19th century, the Opificio began to transform its artistic activities into conservation practice, first on artefacts produced throughout its centuries-old history and later on analogous materials (stonework, mosaics, etc.). Following the 1975 law establishing the Ministry for Cultural Heritage, all of the Florentine state restoration laboratories converged in the historic Opificio, which had taken on new importance after the 1966 catastrophic floods. OPD is the seat of one of the Italian state conservation schools, of a museum displaying samples of its artistic semiprecious stone production, a scientific laboratory for diagnostics and research, a highly specialised library in the sphere of conservation, extremely rich archives documenting conservation projects, a research centre and a public climatology service. It is one of the largest institutions in Europe in this field, having at its disposal an interdisciplinary team of conservators, art historians, archaeologists, architects, scientific experts and documentalists. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.opificiodellepietredure.it/
Postal Address 	Opificio delle Pietre Dure e Laboratori di Restauro
Via Alfani
78 - 50125 
Firenze
Italy
Phone 	(+39) 55 -26511
Fax 	(+39) 55 - 287123
Contact 	opd@beniculturali.it
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Courses / workshops
Publishes journal
Archived information
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
Italian
== Comments ==
Publishes an annual review OPD Restauro; Indexes are available online 1986-2000
Summaries of research reports are available onlineCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
OWHC

= Organization of World Heritage Cities =
The Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC) was founded on September 8, 1993 in Fez, Morocco. As of December 31, 2001, the organization was made up of 187 cities in which are located inhabited sites, included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC) was founded on September 8, 1993 in Fez, Morocco. As of December 31, 2001, the organization was made up of 187 cities in which are located inhabited sites, included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.ovpm.org/index.asp
Contact 	secretariat@ovpm.org
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Membership organization
Website Languages 	English
French
Spanish
== Comments ==
OWHC Newsletter - December 2001 viewable online as a pdf document (English, Spanish, French)Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Membership organization
Oak bark

== Description ==
The bark from several species of oak contains up to 14% water-soluble dyes and tannins. The wood also contains tannins but in smaller quantities. Oak tannins contain pyrogallol and condensed tannins. They have a neutral pH, a moderate salt content and are used to produce a fine, heavy leather. Oak bark extracts are also used for dyeing. They produce colors ranging from black (black oak, quercitron) to rose-tan (red oak) to khaki (white oak). Oak dyes have good fastness to light and washing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
casca de carvalho (Port.); oak extract
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 556
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
Category:Materials database
Oak bark tanned leather

== Description ==
Oak bark was once used extensively for tanning, especially in England. The concentration of tannins in oak bark is relatively low (about 14%) and it takes about 6 months of soaking for the tannins to penetrate the skins. The long slow oak tannage process produced a fine grade of leather. Currently, oak bark tannins are blended with other tanning agents for faster processing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oak extract; curtido con corteza de roble (Esp.); cuir tanné à l'écorce de chêne (Fr.); pele curtida com casca de carvalho
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 557
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Oak gall

== Description ==
A gall on an oak tree, particularly Quercus infectoria, caused by the larvae of a wasp. Oak, or Aleppo, galls can contain up to 50% tannins. They were used for making iron gall inks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oak gall nut; Aleppo gall; oak apple; gallnut; Quercus infectoria
Category:Materials database
Oak leather

== Description ==
A thick, white mass of fungus that is found on decayed parts of oak wood. When oak leather sheets are removed from the tree they resemble soft white leather. They have been used as soft cloths for spreading plaster (Schur 1985).
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Oakum

== Description ==
Loose fibers, usually obtained from untwisting old ropes made of hemp or jute. Oakum fibers were treated with tar, creosote, or asphalt then either rewound into new ropes, made into binder board or used for caulking seams in wooden ships. Oakum was also made into inexpensive fabric, called tow linen. It is a coarse fabric that shows numerous knots and defects.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
white oakum; oakumwerk=uitgeplozen touw, breeuwwerk (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 395
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Oakum board

== Description ==
A strong, binder's board that was made from oakum fibers. Oakum board was made until the mid 1940s.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
millboard, tar board
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Oamaru limestone

== Description ==
A medium-grain, cream-color limestone quarried in Australia (Lent 1925). Oamaru contains numerous shells. It works easily and was used in New Zealand and Australia for buildings and decoration.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Oat

== Description ==
A cereal grain most commonly obtained from the Avena sativa plant. Oats are grown in temperate regions for both human and animal consumption. It is the only cereal grain that contains a globulin protein, avenalin, instead of the more commonly found glutens. The straw from oats has been used for hats, thatching, animal bedding, and paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oats (pl.); Avena sativa; oat straw; oatmeal
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
For paper fiber characteristics see straw.
== Additional Images ==
File:oat_straw_proc_overall.jpg|thumb|Oat straw
File:oat_straw_proc_det.jpg|Oat straw
File:Oat 40x unwoundspirals.jpg|Oat paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
== Resources and Citations ==
* Wikipedia: Oat (accessed Jan. 11, 2009)
Category:Materials database
Oatmeal cloth

== Description ==
A soft, heavy linen fabric with a nubby or speckled appearance. Oatmeal cloth is usually made with a crepe or granite weave using a fine warp and coarse weft (Tortora and Merkel 1996). It is used to towels draperies and upholstery.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weefsel van beigegrijs (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
P.Tortora, R.Merkel (eds.), Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Fairchild Publications, New York, 1996.
Category:Materials database
Oatmeal paper

== Description ==
A coarse, inexpensive paper often used for wallpaper. Oatmeal paper had a textured finish made by coating the furnish surface with a thin layer of sawdust or chaff. The sawdust was often dyed prior to application for a decorative effect.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 576
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Obeche

== Description ==
A lightweight timber from the African whitewood tree, Triplochiton scleroxylon. Ayous, commonly called obeche, has a cream color wood with a straight to interlocking grain that produces a ribbon figure on the radial surface. Obeche has a medium texture and is easy to work. It is used for furniture.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Triplochiton scleroxylon; obeché; obechi; ayous; African whitewood; samba; wawa; samba (Fr.)
== Risks ==
* Slightly toxic by inhalation and moderately toxic by ingestion. 
* Finished wood and sawdust may cause skin allergies
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Color: Heartwood is pale yellow; Sapwood is similar; Color darkens with age
* Grain/Texture: Grain is interlocked with medium texture and good natural luster
* Durability: Poor insect resistance; may stain or discolor from fungus if not dried properly
* Density = 24 ppcf
==Working Properties==
* Easy to work, though the interlocked grain can cause some rough surfaces in some machining operations. 
* Carves, stains, glues, and finishes well.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Obeche
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Website: www.gilmerwood.com
Category:Materials database
Obomodulan

== Description ==
[OBO-Werke GmbH] A tradename for cast polyurethane boards and blocks mainly used for model construction, tool making and mold production. Obomodulan board are homogeneous and fine-celled with smooth surfaces. It has a high edge stability, small thermal expansion coefficient, low dust formation when being machined. The thermoplastic boards can be easily shaped at temperatures up to 120C.
==Synonyms and Related Terms==
O-board
== Applications ==
Obomodulan is used as a structural material for display decks, display panels and risers.
== Personal Risks ==
* Produces fine dust that is a potential eye and respiratory irritant. 
* Dust should be collected by suction cleaning equipment or use dust mask or respirator.
* OBO-Werke: MSDS
== Collection Risks ==
Degraded by ultraviolet light and may contain UV absorbers or antioxidants. Combustible, but slow-burning.
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below
*Obomodulan Tooling Board 500 Magma, CMA 2011
*Obomodulan 500 polyurethane board, MMA 2018
== Working Properties ==
* Standard wood product finishing processes. Smooth and homogeneous surface combined with an even cell structure. 
* Porosity depends on board density. Obo 500 takes primer well and is dense enough for smooth finish without much extra work. Higher density panels (1400) give more structural stability.
* Standard primer and painting methods. Adhesives stick fairly well, good for laminates and textiles.
* Machines smoothly, does not chip, no banding, sands easily to a smooth surface.
* Readily accepts and holds hardware including staples, scress and other wood fastening hardware. Ideal for pressure fitting mounts.
* More labor with large scale builds due to small plank size. Need to adhere planks together with Obo Polyurethane 2-part adhesive and add splines for extra support.
* Best for risers, back panels and small display decks with fewer joins. Design for thickness no less than 1".
==Forms and Sizes==
* Most common for casework: Obo 500 comes in sheet sizes of 1" x 20" x 80" (25 x 500 x 2000mm)
* Range of 10 different densities between 200 - 1200 kg/m3. There are 8 different dimensions to a maximum of 2000 x 1000 mm and thicknesses of up to 200 mm are available.
== Resources and Citations ==
*Obomodulan® PU boards webpage contains links to product brochures, safety data sheet, technical data sheet and test reports. (accessed 10/2019)
*OBO-Bond brown adhesive technical data sheet (accessed 10/2019)
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Designer/FabricatorCategory: Board/Panel, Plastic
Obscure glass

== Description ==
A general name for a semitransparent or translucent glass that transmits light but provides privacy (Bucher 1996). Various surface patterns and textures are used.
See also crackle glass, ground glass, half-clear glass, granulated glass, jealous glass, krinkled glass, ondoyant glass,
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
verre foncé (Fr.); vidro fosco (Port.); figured glass; pattern glass
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Obsidian

== Description ==
A dark,shiny glass formed in nature by the rapid cooling of lava. Obsidian is widely distributed and has been used since Paleolithic (before 3500 BCE) times for mirrors, weapons, tools, and jewelry. Sources of obsidian include Anatolia, Armenia, Ethiopia, Greece (Milos), Italy (Lipari, Eolie), Iceland, the U.S. (Wyoming), Mexico (Teotihuacan), Guatemala (Tikal), and Peru. Obsidian is often black in color but may also be yellow, red, brown or green. It produces conchoidal fractures when cleaved. Analysis of trace elements in obsidian pieces can be traced back to their original deposits. This has been used to evaluate early trading patterns.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
volcanic glass; basalt glass; tachylite; perlite; calite; mountain mahogany (deep red obsidian); Apache tears (pebble-like nodules); obsidian snowflake (black with white inclusions); obsidiana (Esp., Port.); obsidienne (Fr.); Obsidian (Deut.); obsidiaan (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Obsidian (volcanic glass).TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Transparent to translucent
* Luster = vitreous 
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Pleochroism = usually none
* Birefringence = none
* Inclusions = possible gas bubbles, stubby needles; banding
Mohs Hardness 	5 - 7
Density 	2.4 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.482-1.496
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 641
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Glyn E. Daniel, ed., Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1977
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979; Mohs hardness = 6-7
* Wikipedia: Obsidian (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005 and Dec 2022); Mohs hardness = 5-6
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980; ref. index=1.482-1.496
Category:Materials database
Ocelot

== Description ==
A small wildcat (Leopardus pardalis or Felis pardalis) native to South and Central America. Ocelots are nocturnal hunters and spend most of the daytime in trees. Their black, brown and white ringed fur was prized by the Aztecs. More recently, the fur was used for trimming coats and other garments, resulting ocelots being hunted to the point of endangerment. Currently, ocelot fur is no longer used in the commercial fur trade.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tlalocelot (Aztec); ocelotl (Nahuatal); Ozelot (Deut., Sven.); ocelote (Esp.); ocelot (Fr., It., Ned., Pol.); jaguatirica (Port.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Guard hair is short. 
* Fur is spotted with brown, white, and black rings (similar to jaguar).
==Resources and Citations==
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/polarizedlight/pages/ocelothairsmall.html
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocelot (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database