nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster SarahSchanz

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Modeling the effects of in-stream sediment retention on rates of river incision and strath terrace formation=
Sarah Schanz, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. schanzs@uw.eduDavid Montgomery, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. bigdirt@uw.eduBrian Collins, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. bcollins@uw.eduAlison Duvall, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. aduvall@uw.edu
Abstract:
Fluxes in water discharge and sediment supply have long been known to influence river incision. However, recent studies in several Pacific Northwest rivers measured elevated incision rates over the past 100 years that correlate with the timing of wood loss - the historical deforestation and removal of in-channel wood. Increased bedrock exposure from the lowered sediment retention associated with wood may thus have an important and previously unexplored effect on rates of river incision. Field evidence in the form of geomorphic mapping and terrace ages supports the formation of a historical strath terrace triggered by deforestation, the loss of in-channel wood, and the associated lowered in-stream sediment storage. Reduced in-channel wood loads can also be triggered by climatic changes, disease, and wildfires in addition to anthropogenic deforestation, and so river incision rates are likely affected by changes to sediment retention over much longer time periods as well. We use a 1-D finite difference numerical model to test the influence of changes in sediment retention on river incision rates over 100,000s of years, and contrast it with the effects of changes to sediment supply and water discharge. The model simulates fluvial long profile development while recording valley width in such a way that terrace surface information can be extracted. Bedrock is eroded based on unit stream power as well as the probability of bedrock exposure, which is controlled by the scour depth through surface alluvium and the sediment retention. Spatial hotspots of high sediment retention represent log jams and decrease the probability of bedrock exposure to erosion, thus reducing incision rates and retarding strath terrace formation. Temporally, the degree of sediment retention is varied to reflect sudden losses such as produced by fire or deforestation which promote strath terrace formation. Our results expand on the role of wood, sediment, and water in controlling river incision rates and suggest landscape evolution, driven by stream incision, can be affected by the flux of in-stream wood. Future 2-D modeling using LandLab will be implemented to consider additional complexity in the system, utilizing existing LandLab components such as storm and wildfire generators, and more accurately representing valley widening within 2-D space.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ScottDavid

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Morphodyanmics of Intra-floodplain Chute Channels=
Scott David, Indiana University Bloomington Indiana, United States. davids@indiana.eduDouglas Edmonds, Indiana University Bloomington Indiana, United States. edmondsd@indiana.edu
Abstract:
The formation of chute channels has been demonstrated to play an essential role in regulating river sinuosity and initiating the transformation from a single to multi-thread planform river geometry. Most chute channels occur within the active channel belt, but growing evidence suggests that chute channels can extend far outside of the channel belt, called intra-floodplain chute channels. The origin and function of these chute channels to the fluvial system is not clear. Towards this end we have initiated an empirical and theoretical study of floodplain chute channels in Indiana, USA. Using elevation models and satellite imagery we mapped 3064 km2 of floodplain in Indiana, and find that 37.3% of mapped floodplains in Indiana have extensive intra-floodplain chute channel networks. These chute channel networks consist of two types of channel segments: meander cutoffs of the main channel and chute channels linking the cutoffs together. To understand how these chute channels link meander cutoffs together and eventually create floodplain channel networks we use Delft3D to explore floodplain morphodynamics. Our first modeling experiment starts from a generic floodplain prepopulated with meander cutoffs to explore what conditions promote and suppress intra-chute channel formation. We find that chute channel formation is optimized at an intermediate flood discharge. If the flood discharge is too large the meander cutoffs erosively diffuse, whereas if the floodwave is too small, channel initiation does not occur. A moderately sized floodwave reworks the sediment surrounding the topographic lows, enhancing the development of floodplain chute channels. Our second modeling experiments explore how floodplain chute channels evolve on the West Fork of the White River, Indiana, USA. We find that the floodplain chute channels are capable of conveying the entire 10 yr floodwave (Q=1330m3/s) leaving the inter-channel areas dry. Moreover, the chute channels can incise into the floodplain while the margins of channels are aggrading, creating levees. Our results suggest that under the right conditions, chute channel formation can be extensive enough to create channel networks across the floodplain.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ShawnCarter

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Effects of the Anthropogenic Landscape on Global Scale Suspended Sediment Flux=
Shawn Carter, The U Tuscaloosa Alabama, United States. smcarter3@crimons.ua.edu
Abstract:
Human industry and agriculture have long-term effects on the erosion and transport of sediment from the continental surface to the ocean. Suspended sediment flux can be increased where soils are exposed to erosion but can also be trapped behind reservoirs. There are literature and frameworks available which estimate the amount of suspended sediment that is effected by anthropogenic land-use and engineering, but they are generally limited to single river basins, regions, or continents. This paper provides the framework to analyze and the analytical results of the spatially explicit impact of anthropogenic landscapes on global suspended sediment flux. 
Quantifying suspended sediment flux at the global scale is complicated by a lack of gaging stations and observed data sets. Modeling provides a pathway which allows researchers to investigate the flux of sediment from the terrestrial environment to the coastal ocean where there is a lack of observed records. Modeling also allows exploration of how individual factors and parameters affect a natural phenomenon by isolating and/or eliminating those factors. Arguably, the BQART model as currently implemented in the Water Balance Model (WBMplus) (as WBMsed) framework provides the strongest prediction of suspended sedment flux at the global scale. However, BQART lacks a spatially and temporally explicit factor to describe the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the landscape and its effects on suspended sediment flux.
This paper describes the process and development of a new anthropogenic factor which increases the importance of land-use in the WBMsed simulation of suspended sediment flux. This new anthropogenic factor is constructed from readily available and regularly updated land-use/land-cover datasets. Development of a land-use parameter in the WBMsed model will facilitate more accurate simulations of suspended sediment flux changes following land-use change and/or conversion and explore where suspended sediment is increased through human agriculture and industry.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ShelleyJeltema

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Python Coding for GIS Researchers=
Shelley Jeltema, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan, United States. sjeltema@mtu.eduAnn Maclean, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan, United States. amaclean@mtu.edu
Abstract:
This course was developed with the goal to teach non-programmers how to write Python scripts and programs to process Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ShimelisSetegn

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Human Impacts to Coastal Ecosystems in Puerto Rico: Development of Ecohydrological Model=
Shimelis G. Setegn, Florida International University Miami Florida, United States. ssetegn@fiu.edu
Abstract:
The main goal of the project entitled "human Impacts to Coastal Ecosystems in Puerto Rico (HICE-PR)" which was funded by NASA is to evaluate the impacts of land use/land cover changes on the quality and extent of coastal and marine ecosystems (CMEs) in two priority watersheds in Puerto Rico (Manatí and Guánica).The main objective of this study is to develop ecohydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the analysis of hydrological processes in the Rio Grande de Manati river basin. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) is a spatially distributed watershed model developed to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yields in large complex watersheds. The model was calibrated and validated using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) calibration and uncertainty analysis algorithms. The model evaluation statistics for streamflows prediction shows that there is a good agreement between the measured and simulated flows that was verified by coefficients of determination and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency greater than 0.5.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster StephanieHiggins

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Impacts of River Linking on Sediment Transport to Indian Deltas=
Stephanie Higgins, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado, United States. stephanie.higgins@colorado.eduIrina Overeem, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado, United States. irina.overeem@colorado.eduJames Syvitski, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado, United States. james.syvitski@colorado.edu
Abstract:
In response to water scarcity and a growing population, the Indian government has begun a project to link India’s largest rivers together in the most ambitious water diversion scheme ever proposed. The Indian Rivers Interlink project has been under consideration since 1980, but the plan has new momentum since a 2012 Supreme Court decision ordered the project to move forward. The first link was completed in Sep. 2015, transferring water from the Godavari to the Krishna River. If the interlinking project is fully realized, fourteen canals will ultimately divert water from tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers to areas in the west, where fresh water is needed for irrigation. Additional canals would transport the water more than 1000 km south to the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent. Here, we investigate the impacts of the proposed diversions on water and sediment transport to the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri river deltas. We map the changing river network and all proposed new nodes and connections. Additionally, we present the cumulative potential impact of the project’s new dams on population displacement and forest land. Changes in sediment due to the proposed canals are simulated using HydroTrend, a climate-driven hydrological water balance and transport model that incorporates drainage area, discharge, relief, temperature, basin-average lithology, and anthropogenic influences. Simulated river discharge is validated against current observations from the Central Water Commission of the Government of India. We also quantify changes in contributing areas for the outlets of nine major Indian rivers, showing that more than 50% of the land in India will contribute a portion of its runoff to a new outlet should the entire canal system be constructed.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster TongWan

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Bedload sediment modeling at a global scale based on the WBMsed model=
Tong Wan, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama, United States. twan@crimson.ua.eduSagy Cohen, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama, United States. 
Abstract:
River sediment dynamics is a key driver in fluvial and terrestrial research. Sediment indicators are often used in determining river change regime and sequentially river evolution. Since only a small fraction of global rivers are monitored for their sediment dynamics, our understanding of the processes and drivers affecting large global rivers is still lacking. Numerical modeling can remedy some of these observational deficiencies but remain a challenge, particularly at large, global scales. Bedload transport accounts for less than 10% of the fluvial sediment transferred from continental uplands to continental margins on a continental scale, however it is an important component of fluvial sediment budget for its important role in many fluvial processes and its key influence on river morphodynamics. 
Here we present a first-order global scale riverine bedload flux model. We are developing a bedload module within the WBMsed modeling framework based on existed bedload formulas. One of the key challenges in accurately solving bedload formulae at course spatial scales is accurate description of riverbed slope. We also present a novel global riverine slope layer which we will use as input to the WBMsed model. Future work will include an extensive validation procedure based on observed data and global scale analysis of bedload flux dynamics.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster XinshengQin

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Comparison of 2D and 3D Numerical Models with Experiments of Tsunami Flow through a Built Environment=
Xinsheng Qin, University of Washington Seattle Washington, United States. xsqin@uw.edu
Abstract:
A series of tsunami wave basin experiments of flow through a scale model of Seaside, Oregon have been used as validation data for a 2015 benchmarking workshop hosted by the National Tsunami Mitigation Program, which focused on better understanding the ability of tsunami models to predict flow velocities and inundation depths following a coastal inundation event. As researchers begin to assess the safety of coastal infrastructures, proper assessment of tsunami-induced forces on coastal structures is critical. Hydrodynamic forces on these structures are fundamentally proportional to the local momentum flux of the fluid, and experimental data included momentum flux measurements at many instrumented gauge locations. The GeoClaw tsunami model, which solves the two-dimensional shallow water equations, was compared against other codes during the benchmarking workshop, and more recently a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model using the open-source OpenFOAM software has been developed and results from this model are being compared with both the experimental data and the 2D GeoClaw results. In addition, the 3D model allows for computation of fluid forces on the faces of structures, permitting an investigation of the common use of momentum flux as a proxy for these forces. This work aims to assess the potential to apply these momentum flux predictions locally within the model to determine tsunami-induced forces on critical structures. Difficulties in working with these data sets and cross-model comparisons will be discussed. Ultimately, application of the more computationally efficient GeoClaw model, informed by the 3D OpenFOAM models, to predict forces on structures at the community scale can be expected to improve the safety and resilience of coastal communities.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster YunxiangChen

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Computational modeling of the hydraulics of a realistic subglacial conduit in Arctic=
Yunxiang Chen, Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania, United States. cyxcfd@gmail.comXiaofeng Liu, Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania, United States. xliu@engr.psu.eduKenneth Mankoff, Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania, United States. mankoff@psu.edu
Abstract:
Understanding the hydraulics of subglacial conduits is important for accurately estimating the conduit evolution and changing speed of glaciers. Among those hydraulics problems, parameterizing the surface roughness, sinuosity, and cross-sectional contraction and expansion, and relating those parameters to the development of turbulent boundary layer and hydraulic roughness height are especially crucial. This paper introduces the parametrized surface features of a realistic subglacial conduit under the Arctic, and the preliminary results obtained from large-eddy simulation based on the real conduit geometry. The surface data shows that the small-scale roughness relates larger scale roughness by a scaling law, and can be uniquely determined by horizontal length scales ($l_x$ and $l_y$) and vertical roughness scales ($\sigma_{zx}$ and $\sigma_{zy}$). The sinuosity and cross-sectional variations along the streamwise direction are also calculated based on a self-developed Matlab code. The simulation data shows that there exists a thick boundary layer near the wall, but the influences of the surface parameters on the layer thickness and in-layer velocity is still under studying.
The near wall flow structures of a realistic subglacial conduit in Arctic at t = 20s.
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CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster ZheyuZhou

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Large-Eddy Simulation of Wave-breaking Induced Turbulent Coherent Structures and Suspended Sediment Transport on a Barred Beach=
Zheyu Zhou, University of Delaware Newark Delaware, United States. zzhou@udel.eduTian-Jian (Tom) Hsu, University of Delaware Newark Delaware, United States. thsu@udel.eduDaniel Cox, Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon, United States. dan.cox@oregonstate.eduXiaofeng Liu, Penn State University University Park Pennsylvania, United States. xliu@engr.psu.edu
Abstract:
To better understand the interaction between wave-breaking induced turbulent coherent structures and suspended sediment transport, we report a 3-D Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) study of wave-breaking over a near-prototype scale barred beach. The numerical model is implemented using the open-source CFD toolbox, OpenFOAM®. The numerical model is validated with measured free surface elevation, turbulence averaged flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and for the first time, the intermittency of breaking wave turbulence on the bar crest. Simulation results confirm that as the obliquely descending eddies (ODEs) approach the bed, significant bottom shear stress is generated. Remarkably, the collapse of ODEs onto the bed also causes drastic spatial and temporal changes of dynamic pressure which may encourage momentary bed failure and a reduction of bed shear strength via upward-directed pore pressure gradient. By allowing sediment to be suspended from the bar crest, intermittent high sediment suspension events and their correlation with high turbulence and/or high bottom shear stress events are investigated. The simulated intermittency of sediment suspension is similar to previous field and large wave flume observations. Model results suggest that high sediment suspension events near the bottom (2% of the local water depth) is mainly controlled by bottom shear stress, while moving further away from the bottom (23% of the local water depth), sediment suspension becomes more affected by breaking wave turbulence.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS Best Practices for Software Development

In the CSDMS Integration Facility,
we've been talking for a few years about creating a "best practices" document
for the community
that would help members
develop and maintain model code,
and also provide practical advice on how to implement a BMI.
Let this be a start.
Here are a few references, proposed by Scott Stewart, that may be of interest:
* NOAA's operational code standards: http://projects.osd.noaa.gov/SPSRB/standards_software_coding.htm
* NCAR working group: http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/working_groups/Software/dev_guide/dev_guide/dev_guide.html
* Python-specific suggestions used at SaltStack: https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/development/conventions/style.html