nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster ShawnCarter

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Quantifying the Effects of Land Use Dynamics on Global Scale Fluvial Suspended Sediment Flux=
Shawn Carter, University of Alabama, Alabama, United States. smcarter3@crimson.ua.eduSagy Cohen, University of Alabama, Alabama, United States.Albert Kettner, University of Colorado, Colorado, United States.
Abstract:
Quantifying fluvial suspended sediment flux discharged to the coastal oceans is a vital task in geomorphology. At the global scale, this task is hampered by a lack of sediment gauges and measured observations. Empirical models have attempted to overcome this deficiency by modeling fluvial suspended sediment as a function of geological, climatic, and limited anthropogenic factors. On of these models, the BQART model as implemented in the Water Balance Model (Sediment) (WBMsed) Framework, estimates global fluvial suspended sediment flux accurately, however, in its current form, the model lacks a spatially and temporally explicit parameter to describe the amount of sediment discharge created by human activities. 
This poster will describe the process and results of modifying BQART and WBMsed to incorporate explicit global land use classifications and their impact on fluvial suspended sediment. This is the first step in incorporating a temporal and spatially explicit parameter describing human alteration of the landscape to understand past, current, and future impacts on a fundamental geomorphological process.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster ShelleyJeltema

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Creating Educational Materials for Python and GIS=
Shelley Jeltema, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, United States. sjeltema@mtu.edu
Abstract:
This project created a 15-week course to teach graduate students and GIS analysts/technicians how to use Python to extend the functionality of Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Using a combination of traditional college course and corporate training methods results in a modular course that can be taught in a traditional college setting, online, or as a custom course for specific business purposes. The class is comprised of lectures and labs where students will learn scripting, data processing with Python. Students will also learn how to create ArcGIS models with Python Script. The course contains base set of labs will focus on natural resource management and hydrology. Additional labs will cover different business scenarios to expand the audience to business, surveying, social science, and Peace Corps students. At the end of the course, students will have gained experience in scripting, data pre-processing, and modeling with Python and AcrGIS. They will also have frameworks for real world business scenarios. The requirements for this class are prior experience with ArcGIS and familiarity with modeling. Computer coding experience is suggested but not recommended. Future work includes continued refinement of this course to include more of the skills businesses. An advanced course will be created to look at more complex computer codes, creating ArcGIS tools, and working with GIS in a distributed computing environment where workload balancing is available.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster ShimelisSetegn

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Development of hydrologic and water quality models for sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management=
Shimelis Setegn, Florida International Univerisity, Florida, United States. ssetegn@fiu.edu
Abstract:
Availability and distribution of freshwater resources to meet all consumptive and non-consumptive needs is a global challenge facing many nations. This challenge is further complicated at a time when demands for freshwater are increasing due to population growth and the need for more food production in the face of uncertainty of rainfall in a changing climate. The vulnerability of the Caribbean islands to natural and human-induced disasters and their inability to cope with the problem necessitates an understanding of the hydrological processes and responses of the watersheds to various stressors. Sustainable planning and management are essential for sustainability of fresh water resources in the watersheds. The main objective of this study is to develop a hydrological model and analyze the spatiotemporal variability of hydrological processes in selected watersheds of Haiti. The project will develop physically-based hydrologic and water quality models.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster StephanieHiggins

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Potential impacts of Indian Rivers Inter-links on sediment transport to the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta=
Stephanie Higgins, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, United States. stephanie.higgins@colorado.eduIrina Overeem, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, United States.James Syvitski, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, United States.
Abstract:
The Indian Rivers Inter-link project is a proposal to link several of India's major rivers via a network of reservoirs and canals. If the Inter-link project moves forward, fourteen canals will divert water from tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers to areas in the west, where fresh water is needed in cities and agricultural areas. Here, we investigate the impacts of the proposed diversions on sediment transport to the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh. Changing watersheds are delineated using the Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM) Suite, developed by David Tarboton. Climate data comes from interpolation between 30 observed precipitation stations located in China, Nepal, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh (Pervez & Henebry, 2014). Changes in water discharge due to the proposed canals are simulated using HydroTrend, a climate-driven hydrological water balance and transport model that incorporates drainage area, discharge, relief, temperature, basin-average lithology, and anthropogenic influences (Kettner & Syvitski, 2008). Simulated river discharge is validated against observations from the Farakka and Bahadurabad gauging stations, where the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers respectively enter Bangladesh (Fig. 1). HydroTrend is then used to investigate sediment transport changes that may result from the proposed canals. Preliminary results show that sediment loads to the delta will be reduced at both locations. Additional canals may also transport Himalayan sediments 500 km south to the Mahanadi delta and more than 1000 km south to the Godavari and Krishna deltas in India.
Watersheds of the Ganges (yellow) and Brahmaputra (purple) rivers without artificial diversions.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster TongWan

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Bedload sediment modeling at a global scale based on the WBMsed model=
Tong Wan, University of Alabama, Alabama, United States. twan@crimson.ua.eduCohen Sagy, University of Alabama, Alabama, United States. 
Abstract:
River sediment dynamics is a key driver in fluvial and terrestrial research. Sediment indicators are often used in determining river change regime and sequentially river evolution. Since only a small fraction of global rivers are monitored for their sediment dynamics, our understanding of the processes and drivers affecting large global rivers is still lacking. Numerical modeling can remedy some of these observational deficiencies but remain a challenge, particularly at large, global scales. Bedload transport accounts for less than 10% of the fluvial sediment transferred from continental uplands to continental margins on a continental scale, however it is an important component of fluvial sediment budget for its important role in many fluvial processes and its key influence on river morphodynamics. 
Here we present a first-order global scale riverine bedload flux model. We are developing a bedload module within the WBMsed modeling framework based on existed bedload formulas. One of the key challenges in accurately solving bedload formulae at course spatial scales is accurate description of riverbed slope. Here we present a novel global riverine slope layer which we will use as input to the WBMsed model. Future work will include an extensive validation procedure based on observed data and global scale analysis of bedload flux dynamics.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster YuZhang

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=The harmony of data-model interaction in landscape evolution modeling, an example from the Shale Hills CZO of central Pennsylvania=
Yu Zhang, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States. yzz130@psu.eduRudy Slingerland, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States.Christopher Duffy, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, United States.
Abstract:
A 0.08 km2 first order catchment (Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, PA) installed hundreds of sensors and equipment for bedrock weathering, regolith movement, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil water flow path, solar radiation, plant growth, evaporation, surface water flow, sediment load, snow, etc. Previously, these data, plus the remote sensed data, only support a particular aspect of research. However, the increasing cooperation among different disciplines requires a higher level of collaboration among interdisciplinary observations and measurements. 
With the support of multi-spatial and temporal scale data for model parameterization, calibration and validation, this study utilizes a 3D hydrologic-morphodynamic model (LE-PIHM) which links bedrock, soil, surface and subsurface water flow, plant, energy, and seasonal climate to explore the possible factors that causes the topographic asymmetry on both sides of hillslopes of the Shale Hills CZO. 
The simulated results show obvious spatial variations of solar insolation, infiltration and groundwater flow which affect overland flow, freeze-thaw events, bedrock weathering, and morphodynamic feedbacks on both sides of hillslopes. Especially, the solar insolation is the major factor that affects evaporation and freeze-thaw frequency, thereby causing the asymmetric sediment diffusivity by freeze-thaw process on the hillslopes. The simulated hillslope diffusion flux indicates that the measurement overestimates the difference of sediment transport efficiency between the two hillslopes. The critical transition of diffusion flux by model simulation shows the limitation of current observations and measurements, and highlights the locations where additional measurement or observation should be conducted in order to support a better model simulation.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster YunchengXu

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Morphological impact of large woody debris: Numerical and Experimental Modeling=
Yuncheng Xu, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States. ycxu1990@gmail.comXiaofeng Liu, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of CyberScience, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States.Yong Lai, Technical Service Center, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Colorado, United States.David Smith, U. S. Army Corp of Engineers, Mississippi, United States.David Bandroski, Trinity River Restoration Program, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, California, United States.
Abstract:
Sound decisions in stream restoration practices and eco-hydraulics should be based on solid quantitative analysis, either from carefully designed physical modeling or high fidelity computational study. Due to the complexity and uniqueness of each river and stream, realistic representation of the channel and the hydraulic structures in the modeling effort is of critical importance to the creditability of the quantitative analysis result. This paper presents a method to faithfully represent the geometries in both physical and computational modeling using 3D scanning and printing. Large woody debris (LWD) is one of the popular stream restoration designs and it is chosen as an example in this paper. The method demonstrated can be used for other structures too. The trees are first scanned using high accuracy laser scanner and the surface geometry is reconstructed. Then the trees are printed using a 3D printer. The printed trees are consequently placed in the flume to test the hydraulic performance and their effect on flow field, turbulence, air entrainment, etc. In particular, the flow velocity at specific locations around the trees will be measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter(ADV). The flow patterns around the trees will be also captured using colored tracer. In parallel, the scanned trees are imported into a 3D computational model which can simulate 3D open-channel flows around complex geometries. The computer model also has the capability to physically and realistically position the artificial trees in the flume. The numerical simulation uses large eddy simulation (LES) for turbulence, and with a combined Volume of Fluid(VOF) method and Level Set(LS) method for free surface. With the precise match of geometries in the physical test and computational model, the numerical results are compared with the experimental data. Ideally, the numerical model should match with the experiment since they are duplicates. Results from this rigorous mutual validation have high confidence level and provide accurate description of the physical process around the reintroduced trees.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster YunxiangChen

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=On the coherent structures generated by circular jets in shallow water=
Yunxiang Chen, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States. yzc145@psu.eduXiaofeng Liu, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States.Tian-Jian (Tom) Hsu, University of Delaware, Delaware, United States.
Abstract:
The coherent structures generated by jet are ubiquitous in shallow water bodies (coasts, lakes, estuaries, etc.), posing considerable influences on the local mixing and transport processes of mass, momentum, and energy due to their large spatial scales and long decaying time. They are very common geophysical flow phenomena which play an important role in earth surface dynamics. This work studies the generation and evolution mechanisms of such coherent structures based on numerical simulations using OpenFOAM. The results indicate that the shallowness effects dominate the main features of the shallow coherent structures. Specifically, the bottom and the free surface confines the initial 3D vortex structure to be a quasi-2D (Q2D) coherent structure which is characterized by S~t^(2/3) with S denoting the length, radius, or circulation of the vortex structure. However, the shallowness effect caused by the free surface is weaker than the bottom, resulting a vertical spiral motion accompanied by the quasi-2D structure. The spiral motion (vorticity) can be seen on the free surface, and its strength is influenced by the jet momentum and water depth. One the other hand, Reynolds numbers also show influences on the generation and the evolution process. For laminar jets, the generated flow structures show more 3D features at lower Reynolds numbers while become more Q2D at higher Reynolds numbers. For turbulent jets, the flow structures is similar to that of laminar cases. However, there exists small scale 3D turbulence caused by bottom friction in the front region of the coherent structure. Another difference is that the orientation of the coherent structures becomes more random in turbulent jet cases. In conclusion, the above results imply that both the shallowness effects and the bottom friction contribute to the vertical transport of the fluid mass and momentum, and the interactions with the horizontal coherent structure, thus providing a useful clue to understand the vertical mass and momentum exchange in shallow water layers. In the future, sediment particles will be added into the jet and their transport in shallow water will be studied.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2015 annual meeting poster ZhuochenHan

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2015</font>
=Modeling gravity-driven deposition on the East China Sea continental shelf=
Zhuochen Han, Nanjing University, NanJing, China. zhuochenhan@hotmail.comShu Gao, Nanjing University, NanJing, China.
Abstract:
Sediment gravity flows in relation to the clinoform formation associated with the Changjiang distal mud deposit on the inner shelf off the Zhejiang-Fujian coast, the East China Sea, are investigated using a process modeling approach. Different from the classic turbidity current and hyperpycnal flow theories, which rely on auto-suspension and high sediment load from rivers, respectively, the type of the gravity-driven, down-slope sediment transport in consideration is the movement of bottom turbid layers resulting from resuspension induced by tidal currents and waves. Compared with rapid down-slope movements of turbidity currents with a high sediment transport rate, the bottom turbid layer represents a small scale event; during such an event, only a short distance is covered by sediment movement. However, the cumulative effect of such frequent, short scale may produce large scale clinoforms, in response to repeated action of the bottom turbid layer. In our numerical experiments, both wave- and tidally-induced resuspension events are simulated; the critical Richardson number plays the key role in controlling the gravity-driven transport load. The results suggest that the modeled resuspension pattern is consistent with the in-situ observations undertaken in March 2014, off the Oujiang River mouth in the study area. Likewise, the gravity-driven deposition pattern obtained is supported by the seismic record which reveals parallel clinoforms within the distal mud. The simulation results support the hypothesis that the two types of clinoforms, i.e., convergence and parallel ones, are associated with settling and Bottom turbid layer processes, respectively.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.
CSDMS 2016 annual meeting poster AjayLimaye

__NOTOC__
<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during SEN - CSDMS annual meeting 2016</font>
=Extraction of multi-thread channel networks using a reduced-complexity flow model=
Ajay Limaye, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota, United States. aslimaye@umn.edu
Abstract:
Channels with multiple, interwoven threads are common features of river valleys and alluvial and submarine fans. The geometry of multi-thread channel networks is a basic constraint for modeling stream flow and sediment transport, and is used in applications including fisheries management and flood and debris flow hazards. Understanding the adaptability of multi-thread channel geometry is also important for interpreting landscape response to ancient and modern climate change. Multi-thread channels have been hypothesized to adjust their planform and cross section geometry to accommodate increases in discharge. However, manually measuring channel geometry (e.g., from aerial photos) to test this hypothesis is often time-consuming and subjective. Existing automated approaches to multi-thread channel mapping identify the channel extent using inundation. I will present an alternative framework to automatically and objectively extract multi-thread channel geometry from topography, provided that the data partially or fully resolves the channel cross section. The approach uses a reduced-complexity flow algorithm, similar to those developed for braided river modeling, to reveal the spatial structure of multi-thread channel networks with locally divergent flow paths. Importantly, the flow model highlights abandoned channels that are common in arid climates and landscapes with shifting channel belts. The channel extraction approach is tested for case studies including an experimental submarine fan; a natural braided river near Flathead Lake, MT; and the large-scale anabranching canyon system of Kasei Valles, Mars. These examples range in spatial scale from 1 m to 100 km, and in digital elevation model resolution from 1 mm to 100 m. By repurposing a reduced-complexity flow model, the new channel extraction approach offers a unified framework for testing how multi-thread channels respond to changing discharge in numerical models, laboratory experiments, and natural landscapes.
* Please acknowledge the original contributors when you are using this material. If there are any copyright issues, please let us know and we will respond as soon as possible.