nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Rilsan

== Description ==
1) [Atofina Chemicals] A registered trademark for nylon 11 made by the Société Organico, France. Rilsan® is used for bristles and fine filaments in brushes and fabric. It is also used as a high performance coating and adhesive.
2) [Arkema] A family of polyamide reins. that deliver toughness, flexibility, chemical resistance, and permeation resistance. Many grades are bio-based.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
nylon 11
==Resources and Citations==
* Arkema: Rilsan
* Atofina: Rilsan
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Ring test

== Description ==
A test used to determine the water or oil resistance of a piece of fabric or paper. The ring test is performed by placing a drop of water or oleic acid on the surface of the test piece. The Library Binding Institute requirements for book cloth state that no penetration should occur in the first 10 minutes for the water drop or 5 minutes for the oil drop.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
essai de traction à l'anneau (Fr.); Ringzugversuch (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Ringo (Apple) - left (206 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-23-2009_206.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 206
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (206 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light greenish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| りんご : Ringo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Apple
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Malus asiatica Nakai (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit peel / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In the Senryo shokubutsu fu () 1972, Japan, use of crab apple was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Ringo (Apple) - right (206 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-23-2009_206.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 206
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (206 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| りんご : Ringo
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Apple
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Malus asiatica Nakai (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fruit peel / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In the Senryo shokubutsu fu () 1972, Japan, use of crab apple was recorded.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Rinman's green

== Description ==
A composite green pigment composed of cobalt and zinc oxides that have been calcined together. First developed in 1780 by Sven Rinman a Swedish chemist, Rinman's green, also called cobalt green, became available as an artists pigment in 1835. Cobalt green is a permanent, bright, bluish-green pigment. It is a good drier in oil paints but has low tinctorial power.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Rinmann's green; zinc green; cobalt green; Saxony green; Pigment Green 19; CI 77335
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 207
Category:Materials database
River otter

== Description ==
A small aquatic mammal native to inland rivers in North America (Lontra candensis) and Europe (Lutra lutra). River otters were once widely hunted and trapped for their dense soft furs. The species is now protected in many areas and has been reintroduced to the U.K.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
North American otter (Lontra candensis); Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra, also called the European otter and the common otter)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Guard hair is gray-brown and very silky. Underfur is very soft and dense.
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "otter." Accessed14 Sept. 2005.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Rivit's glue

== Description ==
[Mohawk Industries] A brand name for an adhesive emulsion. Rivit's glue, originally made by Behlen's, is a white water-based emulsion of polyvinyl acetate. It dries to a clear film and was used by J. Pollack for sizing canvases and as a finishing coat over black pours (Coddington 1999).
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Coddington, "No Chaos Damn It" in Jackson Pollack: New Approaches, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1999.
Category:Materials database
Roberson's medium

== Description ==
A brand name for a painting medium made by the Roberson company in England. Roberson's medium was sold in the 19th century. It is thought to have contained poppy oil thickened with copal varnish and white wax (Mayer 1969).
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row, New York, 1969.
Category:Materials database
Rochelle salt

== Description ==
Common name for potassium sodium tartrate. Rochelle salt was used as a reducing agent for making silver mirrors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
potassium sodium tartrate; sodium potassium tartrate; alkaline Rochelle salt
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 68
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Rock

== Description ==
A natural-occurring, solid mixture of minerals. Rock is characterized by its formation type as either:
* sedimentary: sandstone, shale, limestone, gypsum
* igneous: granite, diorite, basalt
* metamorphic: gneiss, mica, quartzite, marble, slate
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
stone; rocha (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Rock cork

== Description ==
Molded sheets of mineral wool with a waterproof binder, such as asphalt. Rock cork is moisture resistant and was often used to insulate cold storage rooms. One commercial brand name for rock cork was Mineral-Wool Board.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rock leather; Mineral-Wool board [Armstrong Cork Co.]
== Risks ==
May contain asbestos.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 514
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Rock crystal

== Description ==
Colorless, transparent quartz. Rock crystal has been gathered or mined since Paleolithic times. Sources include India, Egypt, Hungary, Spain, Cyprus near Paphos, Kharga oasis, the Alps, and Turkey near Lake Van. Rock crystals were used in rings, bracelets, seals, cups, and carvings. In Egypt, they were also used for the cornea portion of stone eyes in statues and as thin inlays over red cement to simulate carnelian (Aston et al 2000). Currently rock crystals are used in optical instruments as lens and prisms; in circuitry as piezoelectrical devices; and as a semiprecious gemstone.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rhinestone; quartz crystal; Herkimer diamonds; Pecos diamonds; cristal de roca (Esp.); cristal de roche (Fr;); cristal de roche (Port.); bergkristal (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Quartz.TIF~FTIR (MFA)|Quartz, collodion slide, 785 nm copy.tif~Raman (MFA)|QUARTZ1.jpg~XRD (MFA)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Trigonal crystal system 
* Usually occurs as six-sided prism 
* Low thermal expansion 
* Fracture = conchoidal 
* Luster = vitreous to greasy 
* Streak = white
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Low birefringence 
Composition 	SiO2
Mohs Hardness 	7.0
Density 	2.65 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.544; 1.553
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 52. 
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Wikipedia: Quartz (Accessed Dec 2022)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 644
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "rock crystal." Accessed: 7 Apr. 2005.
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Category:Materials database
Rock salt

== Description ==
Common name for large crystals of sodium chloride that are often used for melting ice.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sodium chloride; halite
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 685
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=2.18
Category:Materials database
Rock wool

== Description ==
A common name for fine grade of mineral wool. Rock wool is made by blowing molten stone to form fine vitreous fibers. Mineral wool is incombustible and used as a heat and sound insulator.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rockwool; mineral wool; Banrock [Johns-Manville]; Zerofil [Johns-Manville]; Rocktex [Philip Carey Co.]
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 513
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Rockport granite

== Description ==
Quarries at Rockport, Massachusetts produce three variations of granite. 
1) Gray - A medium-grain, light and dark gray used for buildings and monuments. 
2) Sea-Green - A medium-grain, dark green with black spots used for buildings and monuments. 
3) Seam-Face - a medium-grain, dark yellow with brown spots that is used for buildings and monuments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cape Anne granite
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Rockville granite

== Description ==
A coarse-grain, gray granite with large (0.5-0.75 inch) pink feldspar grains along with quartz and black mica. Rockville granite is mined north of St.Cloud, Minnesota.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Rockville Beige; Rockville White
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Rockwell hardness

== Description ==
A numerical measurement of the hardness of a material. The Rockwell hardness is determined by dropping a steel ball or diamond-tip cone of given diameter from a set distance on the test piece then measuring the size of the indentation. The resulting number is specified with a prefix that gives the load and type of indentor, i.e., HRC 30.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Rockwell number; Rockwell Härte (Deut.); dureté Rockwell (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 940
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Rockwood limestone

== Description ==
An oolitic limestone with a gray or buff color and an even texture. Rockwood limestone is quarried near Sheffield, in Colbert County, Alabama. It has been used for the construction of many buildings in the South. Rockwood limestone is also sold commercially under the name of Darlington limestone. Rockwood limestone was used for the interior gallery walls of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Darlington limestone
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Rolled glass

== Description ==
A sheet of glass flattened and thinned by rollers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
plate glass; verre laminé (Fr.); verre calandré (Fr.); vidro laminado (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Roman bronze

== Description ==
1) [Revere Copper & Brass, Inc] A brand name for a type of naval bronze. Roman bronze is composed of copper (60%), zinc (39.25%) and tin (0.75%).
2) A name for a bronze with a whitish-green patinated surface. See patina, synthetic.
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Roman cement

== Description ==
1) A name given to a type of hydraulic cement patented by James Parker in 1796. Roman cement, or Parker cement, is a powder mixture of fired chalk and clay. It contains about 60-65 % lime, 20-25% silica, 6-10% alumina, and 3-5% iron oxides. 
2). Ancient Roman cement is composed of a burnt mixture of calcium carbonate (seashells, chalk, and limestone) and volcanic ash (pozzolana). It was used to construct ancient aqueducts, amphitheaters and vaulted structures, such as the Pantheon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hydraulic cement; water cement; Parker cement
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 173
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Concrete"
* Ivan Amato, Stuff: The Materials the World is Made of, Avon Books, New York, 1997
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Roman linen

== Description ==
Originally a name for handwoven Italian linen made in the 17th and 18th centuries (Mayer 1969). Now Roman linen is used for a high quality fabric specially made for artists canvases. The warp and woof contain multiple threads providing a fabric with a very even structure. Roman linen is sold in several grades and weights.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lino romano (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Roman ocher

== Description ==
A nonstandardized name for a yellow earth pigment. Roman ocher can indicate a warm yellow color tone, a material produced in Italy, or an ocher used in ancient Rome (Mayer 1969).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Roman ochre; Italian ochre; Italian ocher
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row, New York, 1969.
Category:Materials database
Ronnel

== Description ==
A non-US trademark for a light brown, solid insecticide. Ronnel is an organophosphate compound that works as a cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used on livestock and dogs to kill fleas, ticks, and flies. Ronnel was formerly used in household formulations for cockroaches, termites, and ants. The crystalline powder was patented by Bayer in 1948.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ronnelir.jpg~FTIR|ronnelstr.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
phosphorothioic acid; O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,4,5 trichlorophenyl)phosphorothioate; fenchlorophos; fenchlorphos; dimethyl trichlorophenyl thiophosphate; trichlormetaphos
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Skin contact causes irritation. 
* ChemService: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in most organic solvents. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	(CH3O)2P(S)OC6H2Cl3
CAS 	299-84-3
Melting Point 	41 C
Density 	1.485 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 321.57
Boiling Point 	97 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8415
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Spectrum Laboratory - Chemical Fact sheet at http://www.speclab.com/compound/c299843.htm
Category:Materials database
Roofing

== Description ==
Any material used to to cover roofs. Examples of roofing materials include: clay tile, asbestos shingle, asphalt shingle, slate, wood, sheet metal, terne metal, tar paper, and thatch.
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Roof." Accessed 7 Sept. 2004 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Roofing felt

== Description ==
A coarse, thick mat used to waterproof roofs, walls, and decks. Roofing felt is made of wood pulp paper or woolen felt and impregnated with asphalt, tar, or creosote. Some types of roofing felt are filled with crushed slate, slag, or mica flakes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tar paper; felt paper; papier-feutre (Fr.); Feltex [Philip Carey]; Mica-kote; slater's felt; Slatekote [Johns-Manville]
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 318
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Bernard Toale, The Art of Papermaking, Davis Publications, Portland OR, 1983
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roofing_felt (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Rope

== Description ==
A strong, thick cord made from either natural or synthetic fibers. Ropes are composed of three to six yarns that are plied then twisted or braided. In ancient Egypt, ropes were made from reeds or date palm fibers. Ancient ropes were also made from flax, grass, esparto grass, hemp, sisal, coir, cotton, jute, papyrus, and camel hair. Up to 1850, most ropes were made from hemp or sisal. After this point, abaca and agave became the fibers of choice. By the 1950s, synthetic fibers (nylon, rayon, saran, polyester, etc.) became predominant. Glass and metallic fibers have also been incorporated into ropes for added strength and resistance to fire and chemicals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cord; cable; twine; cuerda (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 236
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database