Indiaball/History

== Ancient ==
Indiaball was born as a 4ball. Millennia passed, and as such did numerous cultures such as the Harappa culture. Eventually, Indiaball witnessed one of the oldest civilizations when it became the Indus Valleyball where its ancestry comes from. The archeological sites have an inscription of the Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद), dating to at least 3500 BC, which clearly shows that Hinduball was the religion. Much of the IVC remains a mystery because Indus script has not yet been deciphered (and probably never will be).
The decline of the IVC is subject to debate. Some archeologists suggest that the river Saraswati dried/shifted resulting in many of the cities being abandoned, while some suggested that the trade with Mesopotamia stopped due to some reason. According to some other archaeologists, the ruins of Harappa, Mohan-Jo-Daro, Rakhigarhi (probably the capital) appear to have been annihilated in a single day, because the skeleton discovered suggest that the people were carrying out the daily activities when something killed them all in a single instant, which sounds like 6balls were involved. All Indic civilizations had well-developed drainage systems and knew basic metalworking. Their city planning was better compared to that of other ancient civilizations.
== The Mauryan Empire ==
The Mauryaball was the first major empire on India's clay. The empire was known for its gigantic army of 10K war elephants and for its wealth. Under Ashoka's rule, the empire stretched from most of the Indian subcontinent to Indochina, Afghanistan, and Tibet. They also removed Alexander when it tried to conquer the area. Alexander advanced into the east, all the way to China and the Indus River. However, their invasion was halted when they head of the giant army and herd of Indian war elephants that belonged to India. Soon, when Macedon collapsed, the Mauryan dynasty took power in India and conquered clay far and wide.
== Classical Period ==
After the death of Mauryaball other empires took power and made their own contribution to shape Indiaclay.
The Gupta Empire - (4th–6th century) is regarded as the "Golden Age" of Hinduism, although a host of kingdoms ruled over Indiaclay in these centuries. Also, the Sangam literature flourished from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD in southern Indiaclay. During this period, the economy is estimated to have been the largest in the world, having between one-third and one-quarter of the world's wealth, from 1 AD to 1000 AD.
The Shunga Empire - was the ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BC. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by its beta Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. The empire is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and indigenous powers. They fought battles with the Kalingas, Satavahanas, the Indo-Greeks, and possibly the Panchalas and Mitras. Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flowered during this period including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the Stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi.
The Shunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of learning and art. The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language. The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place. This helped the empire flourish and gain power.
== Medival Period ==
The most significant event between the 7th and 11th centuries was the Tripartite struggle centered on Kannauj that lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, Rashtrakuta Empire, and Gurjara Pratihara Empire. Southern India saw the rise of multiple imperial powers from the middle of the fifth century, most notable being the Chalukya, Chola, Pallav, Chera, Pandyan, and Western Chalukya Empires. The Chola dynasty conquered southern India and successfully invaded parts of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bengal in the 11th century. The early medieval period Indian mathematics influenced the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Arab world and the Hindu numerals were introduced.
Muslim Rule - started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by Central Asian Turks; though earlier Kebab conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the 8th century. Invading Mongols invaded and sacked Jammu and Kashmirball up the north, bt couldn't invade the rest of Indiaball due to the mountains. The Delhi Sultanateball defeated invading Chagatai Mongols and took back Jammu and Kashmir, and started to focus on ruling the rest of India. It soon ruled 85% of India in the early 14th century but declined in the late 14th century. During this period, continued Hindu resistance led to the emergence of several powerful Hindu states, notably Maratha, Vijayanagara, Gajapati, Ahom, as well as Rajput states, such as Mewar. The 15th century saw the advent of Sikhism.
== The Early Modern period ==
The early modern period began in the 16th century when the Mughal Empireball conquered most of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals were very rich, but it is said they didn't treat those they conquered very well. Europeanballs came at the time to start trading for spices in exchange for gold and slaves. This made India one of the richest places in the world at the time. In the late 17th century, they had conquered most of India. The Mughal Empireball suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empirerawr, the Sikh Empireball, and the Mysore Kingdomball to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.
== British Colonzation ==
During the post-medieval era, powers from Europe came as traders but started the divide and rule strategy to defeat the powerful princely states and slowly started to conquer these lands, creating colonial subjects. UKball conquered the whole Indian subcontinent including Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Burma. This became the East India Companyball. So it was UKball that united Indiaball otherwise it would still be fragmented with many different kingdoms and the Princely States. East India Companyball was the most important and favourite colonial territory of the global spanning British Empire.
Indiaball was still rather underdeveloped compared to the European Imperial countries. UKball brought new technology and innovations from Europe to Indiaball. Since it was part of the British Empire, that caused Indiaball to be involved in regional and global conflicts. Such as World War I and World War II.
After nearly 110 years, the British Empire had proven to be an irresponsible and abusive parent. Indian farmers were forced to grow indigo on their land, which was really harmful to the soil, and were paid very little for the produce. The taxes charged by the British were of a disproportionate amount and were used to support the economy of the British Empire instead of public welfare.
== Indian Rebellion of 1857 ==
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. The British were initially caught off-guard and were thus slow to react, but eventually responded with force. The lack of effective organization among the rebels, coupled with the military superiority of the British, brought a rapid end to the rebellion. The British fought the main army of the rebels near Delhi, and after prolonged fighting and a siege, defeated them and retook the city on 20 September 1857. Subsequently, revolts in other centers were also crushed. The last significant battle was fought in Gwalior on 17 June 1858, during which Rani Lakshmibai was killed. Sporadic fighting and guerrilla warfare, led by Tatya Tope, continued until spring 1859, but most of the rebels were eventually subdued.
Under the Government of India Act 1858, the Company was deprived of its involvement in ruling India, with its territory being transferred to the direct authority of the British government. At the apex of the new system was a Cabinet minister, the Secretary of State for India, who was to be formally advised by a statutory council; the Governor-General of India (Viceroy) was made responsible to it, while it, in turn, was responsible to the government. In a royal proclamation made to the people of India, Queen Victoria promised the equal opportunity of public service under British law and also pledged to respect the rights of the native princes, which it never fulfilled. The British stopped the policy of seizing land from the princes, decreed religious tolerance, and began to admit Indians into the civil service (but mainly as subordinates). However, they also increased the number of British soldiers in relation to native Indian ones and only allowed British soldiers to handle artillery. Bahadur Shah was exiled to Rangoon, Burma, where it died in 1862. In 1876, in a controversial move, Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli acceded to the Queen's request and passed legislation to give Queen Victoria the additional title of Empress of India. Liberals in Britain objected that the title was foreign to British traditions.
== Entry of M.K. Gandhi ==
After experiencing the blatant racism and the horrors of colonialism, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi vowed to free India from the Brits.
Mahatma Gandhi launched a series of non-violent protests starting from the 'Swadeshi' movement and ending with the 'Quit India' movement.
After years of struggle and the biggest non-violent revolution in human history, finally, in 1947, the British Rajball became independent from its overlord, the UKball. However, the religious differences between Muslims and Hindus led the country to be partitioned into Pakistanball and Indiaball.
== War of 1947 ==
On 22 October 1947, Pakistanball's Pashtun tribal militias crossed the border of the state. These local tribal militias and irregular Pakistan forces moved to take Srinagar, but on reaching Baramulla, they took to plunder and stalled. Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmirball made a plea to India for assistance, and help was offered, but it was subject to its signing an Instrument of Accession to Indiaball.
The war was initially fought by the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces and by tribal militias from the Frontier Tribal Areas adjoining the North-West Frontier Province. Following the accession of the state to India on 26 October 1947, Indian troops were air-lifted to Srinagar, the state capital. The British commanding officers initially refused the entry of Pakistan troops into the conflict, citing the accession of the state to India. The fronts solidified gradually along what came to be known as the Line of Control. A formal cease-fire was declared at 23:59 on the night of 31 December 1948.
== 61 Goa liberation ==
The Goa liberation movement was a movement in which Indiaball took back Goaball from Portugalball. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century and grew powerful during the period of 1940-1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterized by a range of tactics including nonviolent demonstrations, revolutionary methods, and diplomatic efforts. However, Portuguese control of its Indian colonies ended only when Indiaball took back Goaball in 1961 and incorporated the clay into the Indian Union.
Lasting just 2 days, it is one of the shortest wars in history. This is one of the time when USAball was directly hostile towards Indiaball. USAball was in support of Pakistan because of a pig called Nixon who made a proposal to UNball to stop Indiaball's anschluss of Goa clay, but the decision was vetoed by Sovietball and USAball with UKball was about to launch an attack at Indiaball with a carrier fleet but again, Sovietball send its nuclear submarine to threaten the attackers. This ensured Indiaball's anschluss of Goaball.
== Sino-Indian War of 1962 ==
This Sino-Indian War was between Chinaball and Indiaball that occurred in 1962. A disputed Himalayan border was the main pretext for war, but other issues played a role. There had been a series of violent border incidents after the 1959 Tibetball uprising, when India had granted asylum to the Dalai Lama. India initiated a Forward Policy in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of a Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959.
Unable to reach political accommodation on disputed territory along the 3,225-kilometre-long Himalayan border, the Chinese launched simultaneous offensives in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line on 20 October 1962. Chinese troops advanced over Indian forces in both theatres, capturing Rezang la in Chushul in the western theatre, as well as Tawang in the eastern theatre. The war ended when China declared a ceasefire on 20 November 1962 and simultaneously announced its withdrawal from one of the two disputed areas. Indian posts and patrols were removed from Aksai Chin, which came under direct Chinese control after the end of the conflict. India claims Aksai Chin is part of Jammu and Kashmirball.
== Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 ==
In 1965, the Indo-Pakistan War began following Pakistanball's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir clay to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countryballs ended after a UNball mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Sovietball and the Americaball, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmirball's clay and along the border between India and Pakistan. India returned occupied territories after the end of the war but still waiting for Pakistan to return the occupied territories.
== Nathu La and Cho La clashes/Sino-Indian War 1967 ==
It is also considered as Nathu La and Cho La clashes/Sino-Indian War of 1967. The Nathu La and Cho La incidents, (11–14 September 1967 and 1 October 1967 respectively) were a series of military clashes between Indiaball and Chinaball alongside the border of Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate.
The clashes started on 11 September 1967, when the People's Liberation Army launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, which lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another dual took place at Cho La and ended on the same day.
The end of the conflict resulted in the defeat of the PLA by the hands of the Indian Army. Many PLA fortifications at Nathu La were said to be destroyed. In the two incidents, Indian casualties was of 88 while PLA casualties was 403. There have been sources claiming otherwise, due to India having more foreign contact and friends.
== Bangladesh Liberation ==
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between Indiaball and Pakistanball that occurred during the events in the liberation war in East Pakistanball, from 3 December 1971 to the Fall of Dhaka on 16 December 1971. Indiaball started the proxy war against Pakistanball's atrocities towards Bengalis by supporting Bengali separatists and even establishing their training centres and HQ on their clay. Bengali separatists engaged in a bloody conflict with Pakistanball. This made Pakistanball to launch airstrikes on 11 air stations. USAball was on Pakistanball and asked some nations to pressurise Indiaball. This is another time where USABall was fully hostile towards India because of a pig named Nixon. Now Indiaball was poor as it didn't have any ally. Now came Indiaball's best friend, Soviet Unionball who helped Indiaball against Pakistan. Whoever knew that Soviet Unionball was on Indiaball's side, they ran away from the war thus, Pakistan lost within 13 days(approx. 2 weeks).
== Anschluss of Siachen ==
Sometimes called the Siachen War, is a military conflict between Indiaball and Pakistanball over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmirball. A cease-fire went into effect in 2003. The contentious area is about 2,300 km2 to nearly 2,600 km2 of territory. The conflict began in 1984 with India's successful Operation Meghdoot during which it gained control over all of the Siachen Glacier (unoccupied and undemarcated area). India has established control over all of the 70 kilometers long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier—Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Pakistanball controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge. According to TIME magazine, India gained more than 3,000 km2 of territory because of its military operations in Siachen.
== Kargil War ==
The Kargil War was an armed conflict between Indiaball and Pakistanball that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). In India, the conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay, which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector.
The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistanball soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC, which serves as the de facto border between Indian and Pakistani clay. During the initial stages of the war, Pakistan blamed the fighting entirely on independent Kashmiri insurgents, but documents left behind by casualties and later statements by Pakistan's Prime Minister and Chief of Army Staff proved the involvement of Pakistani paramilitary forces led by General Ashraf Rashid. The Indian Army, later supported by the Indian Air Force, recaptured all of the lost positions on the Indian side of the LOC infiltrated by the Pakistani troops and militants. Facing international diplomatic opposition (Especially G8 Nations, EU and Israel), the Pakistani forces withdrew from the remaining Indian positions along the LOC. Result: Indiaball took back clay.
Since then this country is fast growing. It has border conflicts due to the Jammu and Kashmirball, claimed by Indiaball, Pakistanball and Chinaball.
== China–India border standoff ==
The 2017 China–India border standoff was from 6 June 2017 till 28 August 2017. Chinaball wanted to build infrastructure through Bhutanball which would gain it strategic and military influence into north-eastern Indian states. If Chinaball builds infrastructure to the thin geographic area then it could cut off Indiaball's access via West Bengalball into its eastern states of Assamball, Meghalayaball and Arunachal Pradeshball.
After a 2 month long standoff Chinaball finally backed down. However, Indiaball is still suspicious and improved its border security. Indiaball is also concerned about Chinaball's land grabs territorial claims to the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
== Close Relationship with Taiwan ==
On October 10, 2020, Indiaball celebrated Taiwanball's national day, which gone viral on the internet. This surprised Taiwan's president Tsai Ying-wen and said, 'Thank you to all of our dear friends in India for your well wishes on #TaiwanNationalDay. Together, we can take pride in safeguarding our shared values like freedom and human rights, and defending our democratic way of life. #namaste' on Twitter. As such, territorial disputes aside, Taiwan and India became friends. Pakistanball on the other hand went to celebrate Chinaball's day.