nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Drypoint

== Description ==
An intaglio printing technique prepared by scratching a design directly onto a printing plate, without the use of an etching ground. The plate is usually a metal sheet, with a sharp-pointed tool. Drypoint prints characteristically have a fuzzy appearance due to the burrs and ridges along the printed lines. Initially used in the late 15th century by artists such as Dürer, the technique was replaced by mechanized printing but regained some popularity by the 19th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dry point; Kaltnadelredierung (Deut.)
== Additional Images ==
File:1974.533-SC31304.jpg|Drypoint by PisarroMFA# 1974.533
File:1983.220-SC28842.jpg|Drypoint by PisarroMFA# 1983.220
File:1983.310-236-27.jpg|Drypoint by DegasMFA# 1983.310
File:31.1287-SC15110.jpg|Drypoint by rembrandtMFA# 31.1287
File:41.813-SC25941.jpg|Drypoint by CassattMFA# 41.813
File:SC13907.jpg|Drypoint by RembrandtMFA# 1976.744
File:1976.744.det.jpg|Drypoint detailMFA# 1976.744
File:1976.744.det.plate.jpg|Plate showing detailMFA# 1976.744
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "drypoint." Accessed 3 Feb. 2005 .
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997 Comment: copper or zinc plate
* The Bullfinch Guide to Art History, Shearer West (ed.), Bullfinch Press, Boston, 1996
* B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
Category:Materials database
Drywall

== Description ==
A prefabricated plasterboard used to finish wall and ceilings of homes constructed in the late 20th century. The gypsum boards were popularly called 'drywall', when their use replaced wet plastering as the technique for covering wall studs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gypsum board; plasterboard; Sheetrock® [U.S.Gypsum]
Category:Materials database
Duchess County marble

== Description ==
A medium-grain, white marble quarried near South Dover in Duchess County, New York. Duchess County marble is also sold under the name South Dover Marble. It has been used extensively for buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
South Dover Marble; Dover Marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Duchesse lace

== Description ==
A popular, inexpensive, bobbin lace made in motif sections with raised worked patterns that were joined with thread bars. From about 1840-1900, duchesse lace, named after the duchess of Brabant, was primarily made in Bruges and in many Belgium convents.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bobbin lace; duchess lace; satin duchesse (Fr.); point Duchesse; guipure lace
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Duchesse Lace." Accessed 2 Aug. 2004 .
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Duck (bird)

==Description ==
Any of several types of small waterfowl of the family Anatidae. Duck feathers and down, such as eiderdown, are used for filling jackets, pillows, quilts, and sleeping bags.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ente (Deut.); pato (Esp., Port.); canard (Fr.); anatra (It.); eend (Ned.); (Pol.); anka (Sven.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "duck." Accessed 20 Dec. 2004 .
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck (accessed Dec. 20, 2004)
Category:Materials database
Duck (textile)

== Description ==
A durable, plain weave, firm fabric made of cotton or linen. Duck fabric is woven with with plied yarns (plied yarn duck) or with double threads in the warp (flat duck). It was given the 'duck' name because of its ability to shed water. Duck is used for sails, awnings, book covers, white trousers, tents, and bags. 
Several varieties of duck are marketed such as: 
* Russian duck: a fine, white linen cloth. 
* Awning duck: woven with brightly colored stripes. 
* Hose duck: lightweight duck used for rubber hose. 
* Elevator duck: a heavy, stiff duck used for conveyor belts. 
* Canvas: a heavy, more-open weave duck.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sailcloth; canvas; Russian duck; awning duck; hose duck; elevator duck; loneta (Esp.); ongekeperd linnen (zeildoek,tentdoek) (Ned)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 282
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Duck." EAccessed 30 July 2004 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website: www.fabrics.net
Category:Materials database
Duco

== Description ==
[DuPont] A registered trademark for a series of cellulose nitrate adhesives, enamels, waxes and lacquers. Duco® lacquers and enamels have been used for automobile and furniture finishes. Some artists experimented with their use for paintings in the 1930's and 40's (Lodge, 1988). Duco® cement has been used as a temporary adhesive for repairing broken glass as the refractive index of cellulose nitrate is similar to glass. With age, it yellows, becomes brittle and looses adhesion.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pyroxylin lacquer
== Risks ==
Devcon: MSDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Ellsworth Adhesives: ITW adhesives
* R. Lodge, "A History of Synthetic Painting Media with Special Reference to Commercial Materials", AIC Preprints, New Orleans, LA, 1988.
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 172
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Duct tape

== Description ==
A heavy, plastic-coated, waterproof, cloth tape with pressure sensitive adhesive that was developed during in 1942 by Permacel. The 3-ply product was initially composed of a plastic cellulose nitrate laminated cotton strips coated with a rubber-based adhesive. Within a short time, the plastic coating was switched to polyethylene to increase water resistance. It was given the name 'duct tape' in the 1950's when the tape was advertised for minimizing air and water leaks in duct work. Duct tape typically has a silvery-color metallic paint on the exterior surface and is sold in rolls. The most common current adhesive is a synthetic rubber based material, such as polyisoprene.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Duck tape® [Duck Products]
==Resources and Citations==
* Duck Products: website
* Lee Valley Technical Bulletin, Issue 23, May 2005.
* Internal analysis report MFA, March 2005.
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Ductility

== Description ==
The ability of a material to be deformed by tension without breaking. A ductile metal, like gold, can be easily shaped and drawn into a very thin wire. The most ductile metals are (in order from greatest to least): gold, silver, platinum, iron, copper, aluminum, and nickel (Untracht 1968).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ductilité (Fr.); Duktilität (Deut.); ductilidad (Esp.); ductilidade (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* O. Untracht, Metal Techniques for Craftsmen, Doubleday and Co., Garden City, NY, 1968.
Category:Materials database
Dufaycolor

== Description ==
A brand name for a type of color photographic film marketed in England from 1931 until about 1940. Louis D. Dufay developed the early color process using a version of autochrome film and a tricolor filter. The Dufaycolor process took monochrome pictures through a special ruled filter which produced minute areas of red, green and blue all over the picture area. When developed, these areas were either clear or opaque thus giving the effect of a large number of colored dots. The human eye integrates the spots, using color addition, to produce the required colour. Dufaycolor prints tended to be dark with poor color brilliance.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dufay color film process
Category:Materials database
Dunville sandstone

== Description ==
A fine-grain, cream-color sandstone quarried in Dunn County, Wisconsin. Dunville stone is easily worked when first quarried but hardens as it dries. It is used for fine carving and interior decoration.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dunn County stone
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Duplex

== Description ==
1) Paper or board with different colors, textures, or finishes on opposite sides. Duplex papers may be produced by laminating two papers, each with different characteristics. Duplex art papers and boards are used in advertising and for books, envelopes, and note cards. Duplex blotting paper is used on printing machines.
2) Photographic paper with an image printed on both sides.
==Resources and Citations==
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Duplicating paper

== Description ==
A broad category of papers used to produce identical copies. These may include papers used for xerography, lithography, and offset printing as well as carbon and carbonless papers. Duplicating papers are opaque with a smooth, uniform finish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
xerography paper; laser paper; carbon paper; noncarbon paper, copy paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
Duraglit Wadding Polish

== Description ==
A registered trademark for abrasive polishing pads. Duraglit® is a thick cotton wadding pad embedded with micro-fine aluminum oxide abrasives. It is moistened with mineral spirits. 
* Duraglit® Wadding Polish, Metals - for brass, copper, chrome and other metals
* Duraglit® Wadding Polish, Silver - finest abrasive for use with silver
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Silvo®
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997 Comment: online at http://www.silcom.com/~css/ab1.htm
* Conservation termlist at www.hants.org.uk/museums (1999)
* Seamus Gill Silversmithing & Jewellery at http://www.seamusgill.com/Caring.htm - Says Duraglit is also sold under the name of Silvo
Category:Materials database
Duralumin

== Description ==
Originally a trademark for an aluminum alloy that was developed by Alfred Wilm in Germany in 1906. Duralumin is composed of aluminum (90%) alloyed with copper (about 4%), manganese (0.25-1.0%), and magnesium (0.5-1.0%) along with trace amounts of iron and silicon. It was known for its strength and hardness. The age or heat hardened alloy is more resistant to corrosion than pure aluminum. The lightweight Duralumin was used for zeppelin airframes and parts in other early aircraft.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
duraluminum; duralumin (Fr.); Hartaluminium (Deut.); duralumínio (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Ivan Amato, Stuff: The Materials the World is Made of, Avon Books, New York, 1997
* Duralumin at www.answers.com
* Wikipedia: Duralumin Access Oct. 2024
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Metal
Duron

== Description ==
Originally a brand name for a series of hardboard products made by the Masonite Company from wood fibers without the use of a urea formaldehyde adhesive. Tempered Duron® Hardboard contains wood fibers, paraffin wax, clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and talc. The rolled board is then dipped in oil and baked at 290-340F to increase its hardness and water-resistance. The tempering process also makes the board denser, stronger and darker. It is smooth on both sides. Tempered hardboard is typically used in construction siding. It is unsuitable for painting due to the oiled surface. The Masonite company no longer makes Duron.
See also Masonite®.
== Risks ==
Any wood product may release organic acids with time.
==Resources and Citations==
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Website: www.international paper.com
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: Wood
Dursban

== Description ==
[Dow AgroSciences] A brand name for an insecticide containing chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate. Dursban is widely used for control of cockroaches, chinch bugs, spiders, mosquitos, and ticks. It has some residual activity.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|chlorpyrifosir.jpg~FTIR|chlorpyrifosstr.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
chlorpyrifos; o,o-diethyl o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate; organophosphate; Lorsban; Pyrinex; ENT-27311; Dowco 179
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. 
* Corrosive to copper and brass. 
* Discolors red dyes. 
* May leave deposits on nearby surfaces. 
* Combustible. Flash point = 115 C Decomposes at 130 C 
* Dow AgroSciences: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Emuslifiable in water. 
* pH = 4.52 in a 10% solution. 
* Soluble in most organic solvents.
Composition 	C9H11Cl3NO3PS
CAS 	2921-88-2
Melting Point 	41-42 C
Density 	1.027 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 35.39
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 2242
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
Category:Materials database
Dust

== Description ==
Fine-grain, dry particles of inorganic and organic matter that are suspended in the air and are carried great distances by air currents. Dust deposits on horizontal surfaces and may be attracted or repelled by electrical charges. Dust can contain soot, dirt, silica, pollutants, animal and vegetable fibers, skin and hair debris, pollen, bacteria, and mold.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
particulate; dirt; Staub (Deut.); polvere (It.); poussière (Fr.); poeira (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Particles smaller than 2 microns may penetrate to the lungs. 
* Chronic exposure may cause cancer.
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Dust Bunny

== Description ==
(Arcare) A brand name for an electrostatic cleaning cloth made froma high-tech microfilament fabric of the finest polyester and nylon microfilaments. Dust Bunny cloths have extremel fine fibers producing a dense structrure, that provides a lint-free cloth that traps dust, dirt, oils, and grease. Dust Bunny cloths can be washed and reused.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dust cloth
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Excellent tensile and tear strength
* Non-fraying, 400% water absorption and 825% oil absorption by weight
* Machine washable up to 100 times at 60 deg. C (wash separately / do not mix with cotton)
* Solvent-free, Binder-free and Reuseable
* Soft, 100gsm, finest grade microfilament structure
* Very absorbent, quick to dry and breathable
==Resources and Citations==
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Preservation Equipment: [website]
Category:Materials database
Dutch gilt paper

== Description ==
A decorated paper embossed with gold or silver in patterns that often imitated brocade and damask prints. Dutch gilt paper, popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, was prepared by placing a thin sheet of metal foil over a piece of colored paper. A design, such as a pattern of vines, was then stamped onto the paper using a stencil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dutch-gilt paper; Dutch flowered paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Dutch metal

== Description ==
A malleable brass alloy prepared as an inexpensive imitation gold leaf. Dutch metal, or Dutch gold, contained approximately 80-88% copper and 12-20% zinc. It was invented by Prince Rubert (1619 - 1682) in Bavaria. Dutch metal is pressed into thin foil sheets to imitate gold leaf for gilding frames, polychrome sculptures and furniture. It tarnishes rapidly and must be coated with varnish, shellac, or wax for protection. Dutch metal is sensitive to pollutants, such as hydrogen sulfide, and to some plasticizers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
metal leaf; composition leaf; bronze leaf; blocking foil; Dutch mineral; Dutch gold, Dutch leaf; tombac; Dutch foil; bronzine (Fr.); Schlagmetall (Deut.); schlag leaf; bronzine; brass leaf; Deutsche gold; German gold
Category:Materials database
Dutch mordant

== Description ==
An etchant composed of potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. Dutch mordant is used for etching copper plates because it produces a clean sharp line.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Smilie's bath
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Etching." Accessed 23 Mar. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Dutch pink

== Description ==
A transparent yellow lake pigment. Dutch pink, used since the 16th century, was initially extracted from unripe buckthorn berries (rhamnetin) and later (after 1819) from oak bark (quercitron). Generally, the colorant was absorbed on chalk or alumina trihydrate. Dutch pink is fugitive and not recommended for permanent paintings. Brown pink, a darker version of Dutch pink prepared with a ferrous sulfate mordant, was popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
brown pink; buckthorn lake; English pink; Italian pink; Dutch yellow; pink; stil-de-grain (Fr.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Dutch white

== Description ==
An unstandardized term that has been applied to various white pigments (Mayer 1969). Most commonly it has been used for lead white that has been diluted, or cheapened, by the addition of barium sulfate.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 445
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Dutch yellow

== Description ==
1) A yellow synthetic organic dyestuff prepared from tetra-azotized benzidine, salicylic acid, and sodium bisulfite. Dutch yellow dyes wool a tan-yellow color. 
2) Another name for Dutch pink.
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 609
Category:Materials database
Dye

== Description ==
A compound that absorbs into and colors another material. A dye is generally a complex organic material. The process of coloring fibers with natural dyes has been practiced for thousands of years. Natural dyes were extracted from from plants (alkanet, annatto, archil, brazilwood dye, buckthorn berries, cudbear, Cutch, fustic, madder, indigo, litmus, logwood, morinda, quercitron, safflower, saffron, sassafras, sumac, turmeric, turnsole, Walnut, Weld, and woad.), lichens (archil), insects (kermes, lac dye, cochineal) and shellfish (Tyrian purple). Synthetic dyes, first derived in 1856 from coal-tar extracts, were brighter, less expensive, more colorfast and quickly replaced most natural dyes. Synthetic dyes, of which there are over ten thousand, are generally categorized into groups based on their reactivity, their solubility and their method of application. 
For more information see entries on the following: acid dye; aniline dye; anthraquinone dye; azo dye; basic dye; vat dye; developed dye; direct dye; disperse dye; fiber-reactive dye; metallized dye; naphthol dye; sulfur dye
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
dyestuff; dyes; teinture (Fr.); Farbstoffe (Deut.); substancje barwi¹ce (Pol.); colorante (Esp.); corante (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Colorant Industry History (in U.S.) at colorantshistory.org
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye (Accessed Mar. 1, 2006)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database