Surgebinding

Surgebinding is a prime manifestation of Investiture on Roshar. Surgebinders can manipulate ten fundamental forces locally known as Surges, with each Surgebinder having access to two of the Surges with overlap between them, by infusing objects or beings with Stormlight. Each Surgebinder's Surges come in a set combination; for example, it is possible to have the Surges of Progression and Illumination or Progression and Abrasion, but not Progression and Gravitation. It is often considered one of the most powerful Invested Arts in the cosmere, so much so that Rayse believes that there would be a war when Shards of other worlds find out about its power.
Rosharans will often refer to any Invested Art as "Surgebinding," though most cosmere scholars, like Khriss, would not consider such usage to be correct.
A few of the Surges, such as Cohesion and Illumination, are variations on Yolish Invested Arts.
== Prerequisites ==
Nahel bond	Nahel bond	Nahel bond	Nahel bond	Nahel bond
Order 	Spren 	Attribute 	Surges 	Surges
=== Becoming a Surgebinder ===
Surgebinding is not innate to Rosharans, and can be gained in several ways.
When Honor, Cultivation, and Odium first arrived in the Rosharan system, Surgebinding was granted to humans and singers by Odium and Honor, though the exact methods on how they were given are unknown.
After Ashyn was destroyed, the abilities were only granted to the Heralds by the Almighty via the Honorblades. Later, spren mimicked the effects of the Honorblades and started giving Surges to humans by forming a Spiritual bond called the Nahel bond with them. Humans also had the ability to manipulate the Surges on Ashyn before the Expulsion, but the mode is unknown. The Fused also have access to surges, granted to them by Odium.
The exact Surges that someone can manipulate depend on the specific Honorblade or Nahel bond that individual has, or which brand they belong to.
Radiants often learn their "anti-clockwise" Surge first.
==== Honorblade ====
Honorblades are the ten Shardblades that the Almighty originally gave the Heralds. Each of these Blades gives its wielder the ability to manipulate two Surges just like the Nahel bond, with Jezrien's Blade giving Adhesion and Gravitation, etc. They can be wielded by anyone, and they do not require the safeguards the spren do to avoid abusing these powers. Honorblades consume far more Stormlight than the Nahel bond. They also do not grant the additional abilities of the Nahel bond.
After learning Surgebinding from the Honorblades, Nightblood is able to grant the Surges to their wielder.
==== Nahel Bond ====
The Nahel bond is a symbiotic relationship between humans and spren, through which the human gains Surgebinding powers and the spren gains sapience in the Physical Realm. The spren choose the people they bond with according to the actions and personalities of those people. There are ten types of spren that bond with humans—each granting access to two of the ten Surges, with overlap between them—and each of these types are attracted to different attributes in their bondmates.
Once the bond is established, the spren is pulled into the Physical Realm, although they retain very little intelligence and memories and act almost like lesser spren until the bond grows stronger. The strengthening of the bond is accomplished by the Surgebinder continuing to act in line with the attributes that attracted the spren in the first place, and swearing oaths that are related to those attributes. As the bond grows stronger, the spren regains their sapience, and the effectiveness of Stormlight for the Surgebinder increases. Once the bond is at sufficient strength, the spren can manifest as a Shardblade, and the eye color of the Surgebinder changes into the color their spren is associated with.
If the Surgebinder acts in a manner conflicting with their oaths, the bond grows weaker until, eventually, the spren "breaks" and is trapped in a cycle of agony after having a significant portion of its consciousness ripped out of it, and their bondmate loses all Surgebinding abilities. If the spren "breaks" while in Shardblade form, it reverts to its basic sword form, and can be temporarily revived by being linked to the heartbeat of a person using it. Spren cannot "unbreak" on their own, but can be revived if their bondmates take up their oaths again. It is possible, but extremely difficult, for a spren to be healed without its bondmate. A Surgebinder dying without betraying oaths is a very traumatic event for a spren, but it does not cause it to be broken.
==== Fused ====
A group of powerful singers known as the Fused are able to Surgebind; however, they differ from the Knights Radiant in several ways. As their power is granted by Odium, they are powered by Voidlight instead of Stormlight. There are only nine orders of them, rather than ten, and each has access to only a single Surge; Adhesion is considered to be "of Honor" and not accessible to Odium. Fused are not ordinary singers; they are souls of ancient singers who reincarnate into the bodies of willing, living singers and displace that soul. Each group of Fused, distinguished by its access to a unique Surge, is known as a brand.
==== Direct Blessing ====
Individuals can be directly blessed by Odium or Honor in order to gain the power of the Surges. This happened multiple times on Ashyn prior to the scouring. Little is known how these Surges manifested, except that they were unbound by rules or oaths, and thus were immensely dangerous and powerful. The use of these unbound Surges led to the scouring of Ashyn after around nine hundred years of war.
=== Light ===
Surgebinding uses the Lights of Roshar as its fuel source. Most Surgebinders use Stormlight as their fuel, though the Fused used Voidlight. Additionally, Venli—and likely any Regal with a Nahel bond—can use both Stormlight and Voidlight; Navani Kholin—and likely any Bondsmith bonded to the Sibling—can use Towerlight; and, as a result of the Old Magic, Lift metabolizes food directly into Lifelight, but is incapable of drawing in Stormlight.
Surgebinders access the Lights simply by breathing them in. While it is possible to draw the Stormlight from any source infused with it, including directly from the highstorms themselves, the common practice is to use gemstones that have already been infused by the highstorms. It is possible to fuel Surgebinding with other sources of Investiture, like BioChromatic Breath. Human bodies are imperfect containers for Stormlight, so it leaves the Surgebinder's body over time, giving the Surgebinder a glowing effect with luminescent white vapor rising from the skin. Breathing out accelerates the leaking, but Stormlight substitutes for oxygen, so the Surgebinder does not need to breathe. The more Stormlight the Surgebinder holds, the faster it leaks out of the body. If holding a small amount of Stormlight, Surgebinders are able to breathe in and suppress the glowing effect. While doing this, they are able to talk without puffing out Stormlight.
In addition to fueling Surgebinding, Stormlight also greatly increases the physical capabilities of the Surgebinder, who gains superhuman strength, speed, endurance, stamina, and healing of both body and soul. Surgebinders can survive falling hundreds of feet and walk away, the damage being quickly healed by Stormlight. Almost any kind of injury can be healed, including bad eyesight, scar tissues, severed limbs, or Spiritual damage done by a Shardblade. This healing is based upon the Cognitive identity of the Surgebinder. For example, if a soldier sees the scars on his body as a part of his self, Stormlight would not heal the scars.
While inside the body, the Stormlight produces an intense adrenaline-like effect, urging the Surgebinder to action and motion, which may result in recklessness if the Surgebinder is not careful. It gives great energy, but when the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight, they are left exhausted and feeling deflated, similar to after a pewter drag by a Pewterarm. Voidlight, on the other hand, causes a feeling of enhanced passion and emotions feel more vibrant.
== Surges ==
75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px 	75px
Adhesion	Gravitation	Division	Abrasion	Progression	Illumination	Transformation	Transportation	Cohesion	Tension
The Surges, as well as their names, far predate the Knights Radiant. Surges existed on Ashyn prior to humans' arrival on Roshar, albeit without being restricted by Honor. Back then the Nahel bond had not yet been discovered and humans could Surgebind freely. Ishar was the first person that Odium tricked into experimenting with Surges. After Ashyn was destroyed by unrestricted Surgebinding and humans fled to Roshar, Honor started to put limits on the Surges, but with Honor Splintered, at least some of these restrictions are starting to loosen.
=== Adhesion ===
The Surge of Adhesion can be manipulated to bind things together. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Bondsmiths and the Windrunners. Honorspren and windspren can use it, very weakly. This power is of Honor alone; it is referred to as "Honor's Truest Surge" and is difficult to suppress, with the Sibling calling it "the Surge of Binding and Oaths". On the other hand, this Surge is viewed as lowly among the singers. Raboniel referred to Adhesion as "not a true Surge" and no Fused has access to this Surge.
* Full Lashing: This ability creates an extremely powerful temporary bond between two objects. To use this ability, the Surgebinder infuses a surface with Stormlight, after which any object or person that comes in contact with the surface will be bound to it. Full Lashing does not necessarily require skin contact; surfaces can be infused by "spraying" the Stormlight onto them. Most objects would break apart themselves before the bond holding them would. The duration of this bond is determined by the amount of Stormlight infused. The bond ends when the Stormlight runs out. Radiants cannot use a full lashing to stick their bodies to something else. Someone wearing Shardplate is immune to Lashings, but any objects that they are touching can be affected. Spren (and likely other highly Invested beings) are also immune to full Lashings. The bond also attracts bindspren. 
* Spiritual Adhesion: Using the Surge of Adhesion to manipulate spiritual, rather than purely physical forces, a Bondsmith can touch another person (though they do not always need to) and forge a spiritual Connection to them. This can be used for a variety of effects, depending on the nature of the Connection. Some notable uses include speaking a language you do not know, seeing the past and the Connections of a given person, pulling people into visions, and navigating or manipulating the Spiritual Realm. These connections appear as lines or threads of light to the Bondsmith. One specific use of this ability allows the Bondsmith to temporarily speak another person's native tongue. The Bondsmith does not need to be physically close to the other person and can even grant the Connection to someone other than themselves. It lasts for longer than a few hours, but shorter than a few days.
* Other Connection Abilities: The Surge can be used for other types of Connection as well, with known uses being Connecting a Radiant to the ground and causing their Stormlight to drain into it as if it were their body, sharing or taking on a magical affliction or burden, and even (with the Bondsmith Honorblade) stealing a Nahel bond. It is unclear if these abilities extend to Bondsmiths in general or are inherently related to the Herald Ishar.
* Wind Sculpting: A Windrunner can use Adhesion to sculpt the air and manipulate pressure. This allows a Windrunner to keep a bubble of thicker air around people, reduce the wind resistance against people travelling through the air, and keep people Lashed in the same direction close together.
=== Gravitation ===
The Surge of Gravitation can be manipulated to change the direction and strength of an object's gravitational attraction. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Windrunners and the Skybreakers. The Fused brand with access to this Surge are the shanay-im, or Heavenly Ones.
* Basic Lashing: This ability alters an object's or being's spiritual gravitational bond to the planet below, instead temporarily linking it to a different direction. It allows the Surgebinder to run up walls, or send objects or people flying off into the air. Lashings only affect gravitational pull and not mass. Different things with different masses will still fall at the same speed as mass does not affect rate at which things fall. Lashings can only send something in a particular direction and can not be locked into following an object. Lashing can also affect liquids and gases, but this is difficult. Surgebinders can rotate themselves in the air using wind resistance, and can also lessen the force of the wind while flying. Taking sharp turns while Lashing can cause the Surgebinder to black out. When Lashing multiple objects or beings at a time, it is possible to create a sort of channel around the group, which will keep them close together. Basic Lashing requires skin contact if the Surgebinder is trying to infuse an external object or being. Basic Lashing continually consumes the Stormlight with which the object is infused until the object runs out of Stormlight or the Surgebinder dismisses their Lashing; as such, the length of a Basic Lashing is dependent on the amount of Stormlight used. However, it can run out faster if the target uses Feruchemy to increase their weight. Advanced users of Basic Lashing can employ partial Lashings — a half-Lashing upward, for example, would make the Surgebinder effectively weightless, while a quarter-Lashing would halve the person's weight. It is also possible to use multiple Basic Lashings simultaneously so that the infused object or being will be pulled toward different directions at once or pulled toward a single direction but stronger than gravity normally would. It is possible to only Lash part of an object, though this requires skill.
** Shanay-im: Heavenly Ones also utilize Basic Lashings, but can only create one at a time. In addition, their Lashings accelerate more slowly than Radiants', but over time can reach faster speeds.
* Reverse Lashing: By combining the Surges of Gravitation and Adhesion, a Windrunner can create a bubble around a surface that imitates its spiritual link to the ground beneath it. In effect, this makes the infused object pull other objects towards itself. It is much harder for Reverse Lashing to affect objects touching the ground, where their link to the planet is the strongest; objects falling or in flight are the easiest to influence. Other objects can be affected, but the Stormlight and skill required are much more substantial. This ability is believed to be a specialized version of Basic Lashing. Reverse Lashing requires a command and constant skin contact for it to work, though it consumes comparatively little Stormlight. A Reverse Lashing can be powerful enough to bend the path of bullets, or tear the head of a Fused from its body. Objects infused with a Reverse Lashing do not glow with Stormlight, becoming darker instead along with other things in their vicinity, possibly by pulling light into the object.
* Under the right circumstances, it is possible to use Gravitation to cause time dilation.
=== Division ===
The Surge of Division can be manipulated to have power over destruction and decay. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Skybreakers. For the Skybreakers, Division is locked behind the Third Ideal, and is described as dangerous by Nale.
* Decay: Using the Surge of Division, the Surgebinder can touch an object and cause it to burn, turn to dust, or decay in other ways. The Surgebinder can exercise significant control, such as to burn a pattern into a piece of wood. It can also be used on humans. This splits the molecular bonds of the object the Surge is used on, but not the axi themselves. It is likely to have the ability to ignite objects. Decay can be used to create types of sculptures, such as adding color when burning objects or grayscaling them.
=== Abrasion ===
The Surge of Abrasion can be manipulated to alter the frictional force between two surfaces. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Edgedancers. The brand of Fused with access are the shetel-im, or Flowing Ones.
* Slicking: This ability allows the Surgebinder to make their body frictionless. The Surgebinder can choose which parts of the body are affected and which parts are not; for example, the bottom of the feet can be infused so that the Surgebinder glides over any surface without losing momentum until the ability is suspended. Wind friction can also be affected. However, slicking doesn't reduce the force of direct collisions. People experienced in its use often move as though they were ice-skating on the ground. Slicking can also be used to escape any grasp, or slip through tight openings. It can also be applied to objects, making it so that only the Surgebinder can grip the object without it slipping. Dead Shardplate would interfere with this.
*Sticking: Surgebinders can also increase the friction between parts of their body and the environment, allowing them to stick more strongly to surfaces and increase the force with which they push off of surfaces as they slide using slicking. This may be a more advanced use of the Surge of Abrasion than slicking, requiring additional experience or higher level oaths.
=== Progression ===
The Surge of Progression can be manipulated to alter the growth and healing of organisms. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Edgedancers and the Truthwatchers. The brand of Fused with access are the Magnified Ones.
* Growth: This ability accelerates organic growth to tremendous speeds. The Surgebinder can infuse the seeds of a plant with Stormlight through skin contact, and in seconds, it will become fully developed. It is unknown if this ability only works on plants. Magnified Ones can use this to grow their carapace into tools and weapons.
* Regrowth: This ability heals the damage done to the body and the soul of a person instantly and without any scarring. The flesh, muscle, or bones can be completely regrown rapidly. The body can be refreshed and rid of fatigue. The Surgebinder can even reverse death with Regrowth; a body that has bled out or a soul that has been severed with a Shardblade can be healed with Regrowth and continue to function as if it has never been damaged. However, once the soul leaves the body and reaches the afterlife, it is impossible for the Surgebinder to revive the person. This ability may also fail to heal injuries that are too old. Regrowth is inferior to normal Radiant healing. Surgebinders can stack Regrowth with their Radiant healing to heal much faster than normal.
** Surge Fabrial: A Surge Fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Regrowth. Ancient Radiants possessed fabrials constructed from a large topaz and heliodor that were able to "regrow" and repair injuries through manipulating the Surge of Progression. In the present day, they have been lost; however, the Herald Nale possesses one capable of bringing someone back from the brink of death.
=== Illumination ===
The Surge of Illumination can be manipulated to create auditory and visual illusions. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Lightweavers and the Truthwatchers. The brand of Fused with access are the mavset-im, or Masked Ones.
* Lightweaving: This ability creates visual and auditory illusions. The illusion is based upon not just what the Surgebinder imagines, but also desires to create, requiring both a mental picturing of and a Spiritual connection to the intended creation. Once the creation is shaped, the Surgebinder breathes out a cloud of Stormlight to form the illusion. The illusion can be created anywhere, but requires a constant source of Stormlight, so the Surgebinder — or a being the Surgebinder is Spiritually linked to — needs to keep in proximity to it. Because the illusion automatically feeds off the Surgebinder, the glowing effect common to the Surgebinders as the Stormlight leaks out of their bodies does not happen, as excess Stormlight is instead fed to the illusion. Unless the Surgebinder intentionally dissolves the apparition, it will stay active until they run out of Stormlight or leave its proximity. It will even stay active while the Surgebinder is unconscious. Attaching a Lightweaving to a being they are bonded with will cause their Stormlight to drain faster. It's possible for the Surgebinder to attach the illusion to themselves, as well as a being they are Spiritually linked to such as the spren that forms the Nahel bond, so that the illusion automatically follows their movements. This way, an illusion of a disguise can mimic facial expressions or adapt to the clothing or the accessories they are wearing. Experienced practitioners of this art can also attach the illusion to an object that is infused with Stormlight, such as a sphere. The illusory image has no substance to it, and if an object physically passes through the illusion, the image fuzzes to Stormlight until the object withdraws. Light itself does not pass through the illusion; if the Surgebinder wants to see through it, they must put in viewing holes. The amount of Stormlight the illusion requires depends on the complexity of it. Lightweaving can manipulate all forms of electromagnetic radiation, including lasers. Lightweaving would be affected by aphantasia.
** Interactions with Yolish Lightweaving: Rosharan Lightweaving is much more restrictive than the earlier Yolish variant, as it requires a spren and Stormlight to function. Yolish Lightweaving, however, seems to function imperfectly in the current day, and its users may need help from Rosharan Lightweavers to fully craft an illusion. A Yolish Lightweaver is able to guide a Rosharan Lightweaver's power. Gaining Rosharan Lightweaving allows for some supplemental ability with Yolish Lightweaving, and could allow Yolish Lightweavers to overcome their difficulties, although further impacts or resonances between the two are unknown.
=== Transformation ===
The Surge of Transformation can be manipulated to change an object into one of the ten essences. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Lightweavers. The brand of Fused with access are the fannahn-im, or Altered Ones. Using this Surge, Surgebinders are able to enter the Cogntive Realm, but are unable to bring others with them, or return on their own. The Surge of Transformation may potentially allow someone to unmake a spren, although other abilities may be involved in this.
* Soulcasting: This ability transforms any material into one of the Surgebinder's choice. To Soulcast, the Surgebinder shifts their perception to see into the Cognitive Realm, and communicates with the Cognitive aspect of the object they want to transform. This is normally done through direct contact with an object, however, it can be performed from a distance. Elsecallers are more skilled at doing this, though it is not impossible for a Lightweaver to be able to Soulcast from afar. Not every object is inclined to change, depending on how the object is seen by the sentient species and how it sees itself, so the Surgebinder may need to negotiate with it. Once the object is convinced into changing, the Surgebinder infuses it with Stormlight, and the transformation process takes place instantaneously. It is technically possible for the Surgebinder to transform anything into anything else, but transforming something into the pure form of an Essence is the easiest to accomplish, while transforming the object into something unfamiliar is a lot harder. It is possible to transfer a Soulcasting from one material to another, like a disease, without the Soulcaster directly Soulcasting them. It is unknown if objects can transfer a Soulcasting into a different material than what they turned into or if they can only transfer a Soulcasting to the same type of object they are. The target of Soulcasting can be both an inanimate item and a person, although a person will present greater difficulty, due to the innate Investiture they hold. Soulcasting is much easier to do while in the Cognitive Realm.
** Surge Fabrial: A soulcaster fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Soulcasting. Most are only able to effect small, singular changes, such as turning stone into water, while about one in ten can affect any change. When Soulcasting, the fabrial draws Stormlight from the corresponding gemstone.
** Savantism: Long-term use of Soulcasting, whether via Surgebinding or a fabrial, can lead to the user becoming a savant, transforming slowly into the essence they frequently transform other objects into. The effects of savanthood are much less pronounced for Surgebinders compared to fabrial users, and can take a different path in their manifestation, due to the Nahel bond. This process is different from simply having transformed a portion of oneself accidentally.
=== Transportation ===
The Surge of Transportation can be manipulated to achieve realmatic transition. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Willshapers. Using this ability Surgebinders are able to briefly look into the Cognitive Realm, which allows them to see hidden essences of others (such as if a singer is a normal singer, Regal, or Fused). The brand of Fused with access are the nex-im, or Husked Ones.
* Elsecalling: This ability allows the Surgebinder to travel between the Cognitive and Physical Realms by creating a miniature perpendicularity. A circular wall of Stormlight can be seen briefly at the target location before the Surgebinder arrives. The Surgebinder can also bring other beings and objects with them while transporting themselves. This allows many Surgebinders with Transportation the ability to worldhop. However, it's much harder to leave the Cognitive Realm than it is to enter it, and although it is possible to transition realms without a waypoint, those that are less skilled need to find a point where the two Realms touch to be able to leave.
** Surge Fabrial: Oathgates are able to mimic the Radiant ability of Transportation. They allow the user to transport anything on top of their platform and in their control chamber between Oathgates in an instant. However, as far as is known, they function in pairs - an Oathgate in Urithiru only connects to one Oathgate outside, and the Oathgate outside only connects to one Oathgate in Urithiru. They can only be activated by Honorblades or living Shardblades. Transportation of more than one person through them requires use of more Stormlight.
* Nex-im: The Fused that have this ability, such as Lezian, use it very differently, evacuating their body into a spren-like red light before re-forming elsewhere.
=== Cohesion ===
Also called the Surge of Strong Axial Interconnection, the Surge of Cohesion can be manipulated to alter objects at a molecular level. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Willshapers and the Stonewards. The brand of Fused with access are the makay-im, or Deepest Ones. This allows the user to alter the shape of solid objects, but not human flesh, with Surgebinders able to grab matter and stretch it, altering the object as though it was soft clay. Cohesion is highly resisted by Investiture, and even a small amount of Stormlight in an object would prevent it from working. 
Cohesion has various similarities to the Invested Art of Microkinesis, with various rules placed upon it to prevent the same mistakes that happened with the use of Microkinesis on Yolen. It is one of the more ancient of the Surges, being granted to the Singers by Honor shortly after the Shattering.
* Stoneshaping: This ability manipulates the forces that bind axi together. It is considered a cousin to microkinesis, an Invested Art from Yolen that also manipulated axi, though Honor placed strict limits on Stoneshaping to prevent it from enabling the level of destruction possible with microkinesis. While in use, a Surgebinder can mold stone (or other materials) as if it were clay without the use of heat. Stone is able to sense the Intent of the Surgebinder and their past, and even show or explain events from the past via Stoneshaping. Though stone tends to be the most difficult to Soulcast, it will easily obey through Cohesion.
* Makay-im: The Fused with this ability, while not shown to be able to mold stone, have instead used it to phase through stone. They can move through other materials, as long as they are solid. They struggle to phase through materials that were once living, like wood.
=== Tension ===
Also called the Surge of Soft Axial Interconnection, the Surge of Tension can be manipulated to alter the stiffness of an object; for example, taking something flexible and making it rigid. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Stonewards and the Bondsmiths. Much like Cohesion, Tension is highly resisted by Investiture. It is used by the metacha-im.
For Bondsmiths, the use of this surge is different from the Stonewards, as they can couple it with their affinity for Connection to repair inanimate objects as a complement to the Surge of Adhesion. 
== Notable Surgebinders ==
== Knights Radiant ==
Knights Radiant are an organization of Surgebinders with the Nahel bond who live by the Immortal Words. They are comprised of ten different orders, with each order consisting of Surgebinders who have access to the same two Surges.
== Development ==
The system of Surgebinding, and even the Essences themselves, went through several stages of development since their conceptualization. From the start, Brandon Sanderson conceptualized a system of ten fundamental forces and elements, as opposed to the classical four or five. This laid the foundations for how Surgebinding, and various aspects of Vorin theology, would develop over time. However, at this stage, the Surges were not parts of the magic system, but instead were merely part of the worldview of the Rosharan people. His work on developing the Metallic Arts in Mistborn changed this, and he began to expand it while on tour for The Well of Ascension. Here he developed the ideas behind Lashings, which over time expanded into the more complete Surgebinding system seen in the Stormlight Archive.
In The Way of Kings Prime, the Surges were:
The Surges and Essences went through various changes from this state to the state in the published product, with some changes happening only shortly before publication. One major change, as mentioned, was shifting it into a fully-fledged magic system, rather than merely a philosophical worldview.
== Notes ==
;Footnotes
;References
category: magic systems