nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Banking, Finance and Insurance Commission

The Banking, Finance and Insurance Commission (CBFA) is the result of the merger in 2004 of the Belgian Banking and Finance Commission (created in 1935) and the Insurance Supervisory Authority (created in 1975). 
==Organization and Purpose==
The CBFA is the single Belgian authority responsible for supervising most financial institutions and financial services offered to the public. It is an autonomous public institution financed by contributions from the undertakings whose activity it supervises, according to conditions determined by royal decree. 
The organization is run by Eddy Wymeersch, chairman of the Management Committee, the Management Committee, Supervisory Board and Secretary General Albert Niesten. 
The CBFA was created to protect savers and policy-holders and to ensure public confidence in financial products and services and the proper operation of markets in financial instruments. Key responsibilities include: prudential supervision of financial institutions, supervision of information and of the operation of financial markets and supervision of the status of professionals in the financial sector (brokers, agents and sub-agents). 
The CBFA works closely with the National Bank of Belgium on issues of common interest.
==History==
The organization was created in recognition of the need for enhanced harmonization and coordination among the European Economic Area Member States' supervisors. The CBFA is a member of three European consultative commmittees in the finance area: The Committee of European Banking Supervisors, the Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors and the Committee of European Securities Regulators. CBFA also participates in the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the International Association of Insurance Supervisors, the International Organization of Securities Commissions and the International Organization of Pension Supervisors.
==References==
==Resources==
www.cbfa.be/eng
Category:European Securities Regulators
Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a way for overburdened individuals and corporations to cancel their debts and continue to operate under restrictions of state and federal laws. U.S. federal bankruptcy law allows for different bankruptcy re-structuring programs depending on the entity and its debt situation.
== Local chapters ==
Filing for the various types of bankruptcy, commonly known as chapters, gains the individual or corporation a release, or discharge, from unsecured debts. Filers typically gain their discharge, which prevents debtors from trying to collect what is owed them, about four months after filing for bankruptcy, depending on which chapter they file under. 
== Debt and taxes ==
The two best-known forms of bankruptcy are Chapter 7, the most common and also called liquidation, and Chapter 11, generally used by businesses looking to discharge debts but continue operating. Chapter 12 allows filers to keep property and pay debts from future income and is usually used by family farmers, while Chapter 13 is popular with individuals who have a limited amount of unsecured and secured debt. Some forms of debt, such as alimony, student loans and some taxes and penalties, cannot be discharged under any of the four chapters.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Debt
Category:Stocks
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005

The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act is an act that impacts bankruptcy processes and procedures and forced changes to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush on April 20, 2005. 
The act makes it harder for consumers to prove that they should be allowed to clear their debts in what's known as "fresh start" or Chapter 7 bankruptcy. 
Under the act, more filers will be required to file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, which requires payment toward debt under a court-ordered payment schedule over three to five years. Critics of the new law say it hurts Americans who find themselves forced to file for bankruptcy due to unforeseen circumstances such as uninsured medical costs, loss of job, divorce, or a combination. 
== Resources ==
*President Bush Signs Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
== References ==
Category:Legislation
Category:Bankruptcy
Bantix Technologies, LLC

Bantix Technologies, LLC, is a Chicago-based independent software vendor that specializes in software consulting and custom application development. The company focuses on the design and development of Web-based enterprise solutions. 
== Background ==
Bantix Technologies’ first full-time business development started in 2003, in which it designed and developed the software architecture for an insurance startup’s internal underwriting application. Bantix has been a Microsoft Certified Partner since its inception and currently holds a Silver Partner standing.
The company has developed large-scale, mission critical business software for more than 100 customers from all industries both large and small. 
== Products ==
QuikStrike , a suite of Web-based products for option pricing, analysis and trade strategy creation and tracking, is the company’s flagship product. The tool was built for brokers and individual traders to help them determine fair value of option prices, view Greek values (delta, gamma, vega and theta) and access historical data for currently active expirations.
== References ==
Barack Obama

__NOTOC__ 
Barack Obama became the 44th president of the U.S. on Jan. 20, 2009. In doing so, Obama became banker-in-chief in the credit market freeze that began in 2007. It was anticipated that Obama would lay out an economic stabilization plan within weeks of assuming the role of president. 
Obama inherited what may be viewed by history as the worst recession in the U.S. since World War II unless he is able to get banks to lend money again.
Since the Bush administration and Congress in 2008 approved the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program that injected capital into Bank of America Corp., Citigroup Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co., individuals and companies weren't getting any of it as fourth-quarter lending by the biggest banks by assets plummeted. The asset-backed market, which is supposed to enable banks to keep lending by transforming loans into tradable securities, remained frozen, leaving would-be lenders unable to package and sell mortgages, credit-card debt and auto loans.
After reporting more than $1 trillion of market losses and writedowns, banks were adding billions of dollars to reserves amid a 16-year high in unemployment and two years of falling home prices. Investor confidence waned, sending an index of bank stocks to a 13-year low last week. Obama, 47 at the time he took office, couldn't expect relief from the Federal Reserve, which already cut its main interest rate to as low as zero.
 
It was anticipated that Obama’s choice for Treasury secretary, Timothy Geithner, would be under pressure to address questions about the state of the economy and the new administration’s plans to shore up banks sagging under the burden of bad investment decisions.
On Dec. 17, 2008, Obama announced that Mary L. Schapiro would become the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under his new administration.Although her appointment is not a cabinet-level position, she faced confirmation by the Senate, some of whose members were critical of how the SEC performed in overseeing faltering investment banks.
== Background ==
== Education ==
Obama was born in Hawaii on Aug. 4, 1961. Obama grew up with his mother in Hawaii, and for a few years in Indonesia. Later, he moved to New York, where he graduated from Columbia University in 1983. He also earned a law degree from Harvard Law School.
== Resources ==
*Web Site: The White House President Barack Obama
*Video: Inauguration of Barack Obama
== References ==
Category:U.S. Presidents
Barbara A. Pfendler

__NOTOC__ 
Barbara A. Pfendler is a Chicago-based alternative investment professional. He is vice president of Alternative Investments Group at Newedge Financial, Inc., formerly Calyon Financial, Inc. 
 
== Background ==
She began her career with Cargill, Incorporated in 1975, where she held various merchandising and management positions within the organization's Oilseed Processing Division before transferring to CIS in 1986 where she was responsible for the Fund Services Group. She was appointed vice president of CIS in May 1990. 
Pfender is a past member of the International Advisory Committee for the Managed Funds Association and currently serves on the NFA CPO/CTA Advisory Committee.
 
== Education ==
Pfendler is a graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder.
==Registration Information==
*
*
Category:NFA CPO/CTA Advisory Committee
Category:Newedge
Category:Cargill
Category:Cargill - Former Employees
Barbara Lorenzen

__NOTOC__ 
On Jan. 5, 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced the appointment of Barbara Lorenzen as an associate regional director for examinations in its Chicago regional office. 
Lorenzen was previously the director of quality control and audit for Spectrum Global Fund Administration, an independent and privately owned fund administrator. She joined Spectrum in September of 2007 from the Chicago Board of Trade.
== Background ==
Lorenzen and her team will be coordinating all audit requests for information, the SAS70, and GAAP financial preparation for Spectrum’s clients.
Previously, Lorenzen was a 28 year veteran of the CBOT, where she was the vice president of audits and financial surveillance.
As head of the CBOT’s audit department, Lorenzen managed a professional staff of 35 individuals. The group was responsible for the ongoing evaluation of financial surveillance techniques and establishing audit procedures to ensure state-of-the art programs for CBOT member firms. 
Lorenzen has served multiple terms as chairperson of the Joint Audit Committee, an industry-wide committee made up of members of all domestic commodity exchanges; and as vice chairperson of the Intermarket Financial Surveillance Group, comprised of the regulatory arms for all domestic securities and commodities exchanges and the SEC, CFTC, NASD and NFA. After the CBOT merged with the CME, she became a managing director and chief compliance officer for a hedge fund administrator.
Lorenzen is a member of the board of directors of the Chicago division of the Futures Industry Association (FIA).
== Education ==
Lorenzen received her bachelor’s degree in Accounting from Western Illinois University in Macomb in 1979.
== References ==
Category:Fund Administration Officials
Category:Former CBOT Officials
Category:Former CBOT Staff
Barbara Richards

Barbara Richards is a business development consultant with Intercontinental Exchange. She is a well-known marketing executive who has worked for a number of exchanges and firms during her career. 
== Background ==
After leaving the Chicago Board Options Exchange in the late 1970s, she began her long career in operations at Chicago Mercantile Exchange, moving quickly up the ranks to senior vice president of marketing for CME in the mid-1980s. She handled marketing at Lind-Waldock upon leaving CME late in 1990s, and has worked for the Chicago Stock Exchange,New York Board of Trade and Nasdaq-Liffe Markets (NQLX) in various marketing positions. 
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:InterContinentalExchange
Category:InterContinentalExchange - Consultants
Category:ICE
Category:CBOE - Former Employees
Category:CBOE
Category:Former CBOT Staff
Category:NQLX - Former Employees
Category:NYBOT - Former Employees
Category:Chicago Stock Exchange - Former Employess
Category:Lind-Waldock - Former Employees
Barbara S. Dixon

Barbara Dixon is president of Spackenkill Trading Corp.
== Biography ==
Barbara (Saslaw) Dixon was one of the first women in the managed futures business. She began her career as an assistant to Richard Donchian, the father of trend following, from 1970 to 1973. In subsequent years, she wrote many of his market letters and ran his 5 and 20 system until 1989. She also served as a senior vice-president at Smith Barney.
Later she founded Spackenkill Trading, an independent commodity trading advisor. She played an active role at the Institute for Financial Markets (formerly the Futures Industry Institute) as a member of its board of trustees, and contributed much of her time and energy to raising funds on its behalf. 
In 2006, she was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Barbara Schmidt-Bailey

__NOTOC__ 
Barbara Schmidt-Bailey is senior director, client development and sales for the CME Group. 
She was previously director of client development and sales for CME Group, a position she took over in 2001 when she joined the CBOT Chicago Board of Trade. She works with CME Group clearing FCMs and the IB community, and has served on the NIBA Executive Board for over 10 years. She has held volunteer roles on CME Group's Employee Network Groups, serving as President of "WIN" (womens initiative network) & "SEED" (sustain and enhance our environmental direction). 
== Background ==
Schmidt-Bailey joined the CBOT in 2001. As director of business development for financial products, she worked with individual traders and the broker community. Schmidt-Bailey actively promoted CBOT products using online seminars, or "webinars," which extended the reach of CBOT education programs to thousands of individual traders. She made a brief excursion CME Group in early 2008 to join Intershow, a producer of investment trade shows, cruises and Moneyshow.com, an educational web site., returning to CME Group not long after.
From 1992 to 1999, Schmidt-Bailey was trading systems global business manager at Bloomberg LP where she was responsible for managing all product development for Bloomberg’s front-office trading system products globally.
== Education ==
Schmidt-Bailey is a graduate of the University of Chicago, where she received an MA in international relations with thesis honors, and of Macalester College, where she graduated Cum Laude with a Bachelor of Arts in German & international studies. She was the recipient of a Fulbright Scholarship to study economics in Germany in 1990. 
== References ==	
Category:CME Group
Category:Chicago Board of Trade
Category:Former CBOT Staff
Category:University of Chicago
Barbara Wierzynski

__NOTOC__
Barbara Wierzynski is an attorney, former futures regulator and retired derivatives industry executive who was the executive vice president and general counsel of the Futures Industry Association. She retired at the end of 2014.
As EVP, she worked with the FIA board of directors and FIA divisions to set and execute policies and programs for the FIA. On Oct. 31, 2014, the FIA announced that she would step down from the role at the end of the year. She served as special counsel to Walt Lukken in the several months after her departure.
During her 28-year career at FIA, Wierzynski played an important role in the growth of the organization. She was instrumental in shaping nearly three decades worth of Commodity Futures Trading Commission reauthorizations, expanding the FIA’s focus to global issues, and guiding the industry through the Barings crisis, the downfall of Lehman Brothers and the subsequent development of the Dodd-Frank Act. She was key in the advancement of FIA’s consumer-protection recommendations in the wake of the collapse of MF Global and Peregrine Financial Group, which were adopted by regulators. 
In 2015, Wierzynski was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community.
== Background ==
Wierzynski was instrumental in numerous aspects of the industry in the legal and regulatory areas. She was an integral part of the CFTC reauthorization process, Commodity Futures Modernization Act, in addition to a long list of other legal and regulatory projects. She opposed transaction taxes.
Before joining the FIA in 1986, she was counsel to CFTC Commissioners David Gartner and Fowler West. She joined the CFTC in 1978. 
== Education ==
Wierzynski is a graduate of the DePaul University Law School and Manhattanville College.
== References ==	
Category:Lawyers
Category:Bios - Legal
Category:Futures Industry Association - Former Employees
Category:Futures Industry Association
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Category:General Counsels
Category:CFTC - Former Employees
Barcelona Stock Exchange

The Barcelona Stock Exchange was officially founded in 1915. It is managed and operated by the Sociedad Rectora de la Bolsa de Valores de Barcelona S.A., a corporation organized under the laws of Spain. The exchange offers three working platforms: variable income, private fixed income and public debt.
 
It also has its own market in Catalonian public debt, as well as its own clearing and settlement, custody and information services. The stock exchange is run by a governing body that is legally constituted as a special limited liability company, given the overall control exercised by the National Stock Market Commission and the Department of Economy and Finance of the Generalitat of Catalonia. 
The membership of the Barcelona Stock Exchange is made up of 36 securities companies and agencies, and members are the only parties authorized either on their own account and/or on behalf of third parties to place orders to buy and sell. The busiest market is in variable income, which is structured in two levels. On the one hand, there is what is known as the continuous market, that is the interconnected market of all the Spanish stock markets (Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid and Valencia) where trading is carried out electronically in a total of 161 companies, of which 23 are in the Latibex (Latin American stocks that are traded on the Spanish markets). 
On the other hand there is the Barcelona Stock Exchange’s own market, that is the market containing companies that are only listed at the heart of the Catalonian market and for which, in spite of the considerable number of companies admitted (562), the trading volume is substantially below that of the continuous market. This notwithstanding, the trading volume on the market for Catalonian stocks currently accounts for 25% of the national total.
Joan Hortala in Arau, a leading economist, politician and academic in Spain, is President of the Barcelona Stock Exchange.
== History ==
== References ==
== External links ==
*http://www.borsabcn.es/
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:European Exchanges
BarclayHedge

BarclayHedge, formerly known as The Barclay Group, provides institutional clients and high-net-worth investors in the hedge fund and managed futures sectors with performance measurement and portfolio management products, niche publications, database and software programs and consulting services.
== Background ==
The Barclay Group was founded in 1985 in Fairfield, Iowa, as a research specialist and performance measurement firm. It hosts the Barclay Alternative Investment Database, which tracks and analyzes the performance of around 6,500 hedge fund and managed futures investment programs worldwide. 
The Barclay databases, the Barclay Hedge Fund DataFeeder and the Barclay CTA DataFeeder, underpin the research reports and performance rankings that appear in Barclay’s various publications and directories, including the quarterly Barclay Managed Funds Report.
Barclay Hedge created and regularly updates 18 proprietary hedge fund indices and 10 managed futures indices. The Barclay indices are used by financial media and investment consultants as performance benchmarks for the alternative investment industry.
== Products/Services ==
*Barclay Hedge Fund DataFeeder: Created to help investors and money managers keep on top of the alternative investment market, this product is provides a comprehensive, up-to-date downloadable database specific to single manager hedge funds and funds of hedge funds. It has more than 100 unique qualitative fields per fund and over 500,000 individual monthly data points that are refreshed twice a month and maintain an average update frequency of 92 percent within 30 days.
*Barclay CTA DataFeeder: Combines data contained in the Barclay CTA database, the Barclay Multi-Advisor Futures Funds database, and the suite of Barclay CTA Indices in a single DataFeeder. trading centers. The Barclay CTA DataFeeder provides the latest performance data for more than 800 managed futures programs. Month-end updates provide up-to-date monthly returns and assets for more than 96 per cent of the CTAs universe within 30 days.
 
*Barclay Managed Funds Report: First published in 1991, the quarterly newsletter contains 24 hedge fund and managed futures performance ranking tables, manager profiles, roundtable discussions on timely topics of interest to managed futures and hedge fund professionals and investors. 
== Key People ==
*Sol Waksman is the founder and president of BarclayHedge.
== References ==
Category:Data Vendors
Barclays Global Investors

__NOTOC__
Barclays Global Investors (BGI) is the pioneer of index-investment strategy and creator of popular exchange-traded fund (ETF) family iShares. BGI is the asset management-arm of British bank Barclays and one of the world's largest with around $2 trillion under management and manages ETFs in the U.S. and a dozen global investment markets. 
In June 2009, Barclays entered into an agreement to be acquired by BlackRock. In the agreement, BlackRock and BGI would combine to create an asset management firm operating under the name BlackRock Global Investors, with combined assets under management of more than $2.7 trillion, according to BlackRock. 
== History ==
BGI began its existence in 1964 as part of San Francisco-based bank Wells Fargo. In 1971 it developed the investment industry's first index strategy followed in 1977 by the market's first quantitative active strategy. BGI today has over $2 trillion in assets under management, of which $1.3 trillion is managed in index funds compared to $492 billion in enhanced-index and active funds, making BGI the world's largest index-fund manager.
== Products and Services ==
BGI's iShares, a growing family of over 160 exchange-traded funds across 12 investment sectors, have proved very popular with traders and investors since their introduction in 2000 and the number of global iShares funds recently expanded to 65. BGI adheres strictly to a quantitative management style that avoids guesswork in the investment process.
== Key People ==
 Global CEO Blake R. Grossman oversees and directs the strategic development of BGI's worldwide business. Grossman joined BGI in 1985 at the age of 23 and founded its Advanced Active Strategies Group (AASG) in 1992 after a stint running BGI's global index and enhanced equities strategies business. He later became Global Chief Investment Officer with overall responsibility for the AASG around the world. 
Grossman has employed quantitative analysis to break BGI free of the conservative buy-and-hold strategy of most large money managers and employ both long and short positions to attmept to profit from all markets. Consequently, BGI has moved beyond index investing to become a major player in the pension fund and hedge fund markets by building a system of short/long investing that Grossman claims strips emotions like fear and greed from the fund-management process.
== Latest News ==
BGI parent company Barclay's recently came to the rescue of troubled London hedge fund Endeavour Capital, which had earlier lost more than a quarter of its value ($800 million) in a single day. BGI, for its part, has agreed to promote a new Endeavour fund launch to investors in return for some trading algorithms.
== References ==
Category:Asset Managers