nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Bonnie Y Chan

__NOTOC__ 
Bonnie Y Chan is a Hong Kong-based attorney and exchange executive who is the CEO of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX). She assumed that role on March 1, 2024 and will serve a three-year term. 
Chan was previously the co-chief operating officer of HKEX.
Earlier, she was HKEX's head of listing, responsible for supervising the listing process of equity, debt and structured products and the ongoing compliance of over 2500 listed issuers on the exchange. She replaced David Graham, who retired in 2019.
Chan is a member of the Hong Kong Exchange Group's management committee.
== Background ==
Chan began her career private legal practice in 1993 with Deacons, a Hong Kong law firm.
She later moved to the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, where she practiced law both in Hong Kong and New York.
During the summer of 2000, Chan joined an investment bank. However, he timing was poor as the dot-com bubble bursting made investment banking deals scarce. She spent some time in Taiwan, where there was more activity. When SARS hit the Asia-Pacific region, Chan returned to the legal practice and became an in-house counsel at Morgan Stanley, where she worked for about three years. 
Chan in 2007 joined HKEX as head of IPO of the Listing Division and was there until 2010.
She was a partner at Davis, Polk from 2010 to 2019.
While at Davis & Polk & Wardwell, she opened the Hong Kong office, which had about 30 lawyers at the beginning. When she left, there were about 100 lawyers in the Hong Kong Davis, Polk & Wardwell office.
In 2020, she was asked to return to HKEX as head of listing. 
She serves on the Standing Committee on Company Law Reform as an ex-officio member. She is also on the board of Inland Revenue of the Government of the HKSAR.
== Education ==
Chan holds a bachelor of laws from the University of Hong Kong. She also holds a master of laws degree (LL.M) from Harvard University. She is licensed in the state of New York to practice law. 
==Writings==
*Taking Steps Toward Greater Board Diversity
*How Hong Kong can cement its position as a biotech listing hub
== References ==	
Category:Lawyers
Category:Davis, Polk & Wardwell - Former Employees
Category:Sullivan & Cromwell - Former Employees
Category:Morgan Stanley - Former Employees
Category:Exchange Executives
Book Review: The Futures

Book Review: Emily Lambert’s The Futures: The Rise of the Speculator and the Origins of the World’s Biggest Markets 
By Jessica Titlebaum 
 
The cigar smoke, the bar that serves doubles as single drinks and the intensity of the financial community are all accurately portrayed in Emily Lambert’s book, The Futures. As an outsider, Lambert is originally from Oregon, she is able to provide an inside glimpse into how the city of Chicago rose from the ashes of Catherine O’Leary’s fire to become a mammoth player in the financial markets. Using light humor, Lambert tells a story not only about how the ongoing on LaSalle Street grew to compete with New York’s Wall Street, but about the families that grew up in the industry and the roots on which Chicago is built.
Lambert’s soft humor is prevalent in much of the book. For example, she updates us on Maury Kravitz, Leo Melamed’s former law firm partner known in the book as the king of gold futures. She explains that now "Kravitz is obsessed" with finding Genghis Khan’s tomb in Mongolia. She also shows light wit when discussing Bernie Carey, a 1940’s member of the Chicago Board of Trade whose family had been in the business. She says that "he flew 25 daylight bombing raids over Germany in the Second World War, came back and became a bean trader." The juxtaposition of a war pilot and a bean trader is accurate yet almost a contradiction. The statement is humorous at first but also points out the strength of the industry’s people.
Lambert also chronicles interesting facts about the futures industry and the city upon which it was built. She traces Chicago’s corrupt political system back farther then Rod Blagojevich, to when then Governor Daniel Walker came to the Chicago Board Options Exchange’s first day of trading in April 1973. Later, Walker was convicted of savings and loan fraud. Lambert also talks about George Seals, the defensive tackle for the Chicago Bears, and the first African American member of the Chicago Board of Trade in 1973. She also talks about the first female trader, Carol ‘Mickey’ Norton, who bought a membership to the CBOT after some convincing from Leo Melamed with whom she played Bridge.
Lambert categorizes her book by commodities, beginning with grains, moving on to the juicy stories about onion futures, the egg freezers on Fulton Street and then, the birth of the options contract. She describes the options exchange as a "project that everyone worked on together." She talked about the derivatives industry as a family business. Bonds of brothers, fathers and uncles made the roots of the industry.
The Futures is told like a story a friend would tell you over coffee. The Chicago setting is intricately described and the characters are introduced in a way that makes you feel like you know them, as they build the world’s largest markets.
Category:Books
Category:Book Reviews
Book value

Book value can mean:
*The net asset value of a company, determined by calculating total assets minus intangible assets (patents, goodwill) and liabilities. It is how much the company would have left in assets if it went out of business immediately. Comparing the book value to the company's market value can indicate whether a stock is under- or overpriced. 
*The value at which an asset is carried on a balance sheet. In other words, the cost of an asset minus accumulated depreciation. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Boris Ilyevsky

__NOTOC__ 
Boris Ilyevsky is a New York-based derivatives executive who is currently the head of the Coinbase Derivatives Exchange. He was chief product and strategy officer at FairX, which was acquired by Coinbase. 
Before joining FairX, Ilyevsky was head of market development at IEX Group. He was named to the position in July 2018 to analyze new markets for the exchange.
Before that, he served as a brokerage operations specialist at Interactive Brokers and was named as a board member at the Nodal Exchange in 2017. 
== Background ==
Ilyevsky was previously managing director of the International Securities Exchange where he oversaw the growth and development of the ISE's equity options markets. He left the exchange when ISE was bought by Nasdaq in 2016.
An employee of ISE starting in early 1999, Ilyevsky also held several key positions in marketing, technology and market operations for the exchange. He also acted as liaison between ISE's customers and the exchange and was involved in the development and implementation of customer-driven system enhancements.
== Education ==
Ilyevsky is a graduate of New York University with BA degrees in economics and politics. 
== Interviews ==
JLN Interview with Boris Ilyevsky on ISE Gemini
==MarketsWiki Education==
Ilyevsky participated in the MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity series in New York in 2015.
== References ==	
Category:International Securities Exchange - Former Employees
Category:MarketsWiki Education World of Opportunity Speaker
Category:IEX - Former Employees
Category:FairX - Former Employees
Borje E. Ekholm

__NOTOC__ 
He is the president and CEO of Investor AB, an industrial holding company that invests in other companies in the ordinary course of business. Investor AB is the second largest shareholder of NASDAQ OMX. 
Ekholm also sits on the board of directors of Ericsson Telephone Co., and is chairman of the university board at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, his alma mater. Previous board appointments include those of Chalmersinvest, EQT Partners, Husqvarna.
== Background ==
Ekholm has been chief executive officer and president of Investor AB, the Nordic-based industrial holding company, since 2005. He served eight years as head of its new investments business unit based in New York, having begun his career as an analyst at the company. He has also served as president of Novare Kapital AB, a venture capital company, and worked at the consulting firm of McKinsey & Company.
Borje Ekholm is also a former chairman of NASDAQ OMX Group, the owner and operator of 24 exchanges, including the Nasdaq Stock Market. He assumed the role on an interim basis in May 2012, a week after then-chairman H. Furlong Baldwin retired in the wake of a technical glitch surrounding the initial public offering of Facebook. He was named to the role on a permanent basis December 12, 2013.
== Education ==
Ekholm earned a MSc in electrical engineering in 1988 from KTH Royal Institute of Technology and an MBA from INSEAD in 1990. 
== References ==
Born Technology

Born Technology, aka BornTec, provides regulatory compliance software for traders.
Previously, the firm was known as Born Capital, and it provided technology infrastructure and services to banks, futures commission merchants (FCMs), hedge funds and asset managers. BornTec continues to provide execution into global exchanges through technology architecture that reduces latencies and provides clients with direct routes to the exchange's matching engines. Born services clients through technical installations in North America, Europe, and Asia.
BornTec is an independent vendor-neutral proprietor with no trading or brokering operations. 
BornTec has developed proprietary automated monitoring systems, which analyze all systems and sub-systems 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.
== History ==
Founded in 2002 by Buck Haworth and Derek Haworth, BornTec was one of the first companies to provide trading technology services to banks, hedge funds and professional trading groups. Since then, BornTec has recruited employees from ISVs, FCMs and exchanges to create a team with over 30 years of experience managing and supporting electronic trading infrastructures.
== Products and Services ==
*Regulatory Compliance Software
== Key People ==
*Buck Haworth, Founder & CFO
*Derek Haworth, Founder & CEO
*Tyler Beauregard, Executive Director
*Michelle Haworth, COO
*Paul Dimtsis, Managing Director, Sales
== References ==
Category:Independent Software Vendors
Category:Regulatory Compliance Software Providers
Borrow

Individuals or corporations borrow cash or goods from lenders, usually at interest, and are said to receive credit from those lenders. Most borrowers in the investment sector do so by issuing bonds or notes, which pay their holders a coupon or interest payment once or twice a year.
== Down side ==
Companies usually borrow cash from investors by issuing bonds to fund growth or expansion, but investors also borrow securities from other investors or brokers if they want to profit by a short sale if they think the price will drop. The borrower immediately sells the security and later buys it back at the lower price, returns it to the original owner and keeps the difference.
== Banked ==
Banks usually borrow short-term on the interbank market but U.S. institutions have recently borrowed far more heavily from the U.S. Federal Reserve since it began offering loans at very favorable interest rates following the 2008 credit crisis. Banks and dealers borrowed an average of $437.53 billion per day in the week ending October 15, 2008 compared to $420.16 billion the week before.
== References ==
Category:Debt
Category:Bonds
Borse Dubai

Borse Dubai is a state-controlled holding company, created in August 2007 to consolidate the emirate's stakes in the Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and the Dubai International Financial Exchange (DIFX) and provide a platform for international expansion in the financial services sector.
The company built an international exchange platform through acquiring a 28 percent stake in the London Stock Exchange, but it sold the entire stake in 2015. It has a 19.9 per cent stake in the Nasdaq OMX Group, formed from the combination of the Nasdaq Stock Market and OMX.
== History and Structure ==
Borse Dubai is a state-backed enterprise created in August 2007 to "facilitate" co-operation between the emirate's two stock exchanges, improve the infrastructure for financial services and create a platform for international expansion.
The company, which is incorporated in the Dubai International Financial Centre, takes its mandate from the 2015 Dubai Strategic Plan, which identifies financial services and capital markets as a key focus for future economic development.
Borse Dubai owns 100 per cent of the Dubai International Financial Exchange 
and 80 per cent of the Dubai Financial Market, which is listed on its own exchange. The strategy includes efforts to boost listings and liquidity on both exchanges and introduce new products including exchange-traded funds, real-estate products and derivatives.
== The Battle for OMX ==
Borse Dubai owns 100 per cent of the DIFX, with its stake set to fall to 67 per cent following the completion of its deal with the Nasdaq Stock Exchange to acquire OMX, the Scandinavian exchange and technology group. Nasdaq would take a 33 per cent stake in the DIFX, which would be rebranded as Nasdaq DIFX.
Borse Dubai announced on August 9, 2007 that it had acquired a 4.9-per cent stake in OMX at SKr230 a share, with options to acquire a further 22.5 per cent at the same price. An all-cash offer at SKr230 a share was launched on August 11 2007, valuing the company at SKr27.7bn, and challenging the agreed bid for OMX by the Nasdaq launched in May 2007.
The offer was challenged by Swedish regulators and faced competition from a rival bid from the Qatar Investment Authority. 
On September 20, 2007, Borse Dubai bought OMX for SKr265 a share and then handed it to Nasdaq in return for 19.9 per cent of the new company and Nasdaq's 28 per cent stake in the London Stock Exchange. The US group took a stake in the DIFX. 
Borse Dubai later reduced its stake in the LSE and in 2015 sold its entire 17.4 percent stake in the London Stock Exchange Group, ending its nearly eight-year ownership. It continues to hold a 17 percent stake in Nasdaq.
On Jan. 31, 2008, the Swedish government agreed to sell its 6.6-percent share in OMX to Borse Dubai, and subsequently to Nasdaq.
Borse Dubai is advised by HSBC.
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Middle East Exchanges
Boston Options Exchange Price Improvement Period

The Boston Options Exchange coined the term Price Improvement Period (PIP) to describe their proprietary auction process. 
In order for a customer order to be "PIPed," the customer's agent/broker must be able to present the order to BOX with the first penny of improvement guaranteed by the agent/broker himself. In other words, the agent/dealer must present BOX with a "facilitation trade" via the PIP mechanism prior to BOX initiating a PIP auction. If no other BOX participant is willing to offer further improvement during the PIP auction, the customer order trades against the contra order provided by the agent/broker at the initiation of the PIP. 
The PIP auction runs for one second. During the auction, any BOX trading Participant may enter orders. The PIP is not a separate auction, but is fully integrated into the BOX Book for the series to be traded.
However, not all options investors are clients of brokers who are able to provide this service because it does require proprietary trading ability. BOX put into place structures that let investors gain access to the PIP. 
Agents/broker-dealers and the PIP broker-dealers who wish to offer their clients access to the PIP, but are unable themselves to take the counterparty side of the trade necessary to initiate a PIP, can use the BOX "Directed Order" functionality. It allows any BOX participant to instruct BOX to route his orders to any BOX market maker or other BOX participant for possible submission to the PIP. 
This simple procedure means that the PIP is accessible to all options investors. When a broker-dealer decides to route an order to another BOX participant willing, in some cases, to offer price improvement, BOX ensures that the customer order's interests are taken into account since: 
*The receiving BOX participant (generally a BOX market maker) has three seconds to either initiate a PIP or decline. 
*If he declines (or times out), any order the receiving BOX participant has in the market on that instrument is "frozen" and will be used to facilitate the customer order at the National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO).
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Category:Options Exchanges
Category:MarketsWiki Sponsors
Boston Stock Exchange

The Boston Stock Exchange (BSE) is a regional stock exchange located in Boston, Massachusetts. 
== History ==
Founded in 1834, the Boston Stock Exchange is the third-oldest stock exchange in the U.S. 
On October 2, 2007, NASDAQ agreed to acquire the BSE Group for $61 million.
Included in the sale was the Boston Stock Exchange and its key assets: The BSE’s holding
company (BSE Group), the Boston Equities Exchange (BeX), Boston Stock Exchange
Clearing Corporation (BSECC), and BSE’s regulatory authority over the Boston Options
Exchange (BOXR). 
BSE’s minority investment in the Boston Options Exchange is not included in the
transaction with NASDAQ as BSE was currently in negotiations with the Montreal
Exchange to sell its BOX units. NASDAQ, through BOXR, will operate the regulatory
services provider to BOX, which is an options trading facility of the BSE. 
== Products and Services ==
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Category:Acquired Companies
Boudewijn Duinstra

__NOTOC__ 
Boudewijn Duinstra is the chief executive officer of ABN AMRO Clearing USA, a position he assumed in September of 2021.
He is a representative on the OCC board of directors. At the OCC's Annual Stockholder meeting on April 28, 2023, Duinstra was appointed to the position of director, filling a vacancy created in 2023.
== Background ==
Prior to joining ABN AMRO Clearing USA in September 2021, Duinstra was the head of risk management for ICE Clear Europe in London. 
Before that, he spent 2003-2017 working for ABN AMRO in several capacities, most recently as the global CRO and managing board member at ABN AMRO Clearing Bank from 2013 to 2017. He was responsible for all clearing risk management teams worldwide and was an AACB Executive Board member. Prior to his tenure with ABN AMRO, Duisntra spent his time working in trading and risk management.
== Education ==
Duinstra has a master's degree in economics from the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands and has completed several post-graduate courses in portfolio management and risk management. 
== Registration Information ==
Duinstra holds the Series 3, 4, 7, 24 and 63 licenses.
== References ==	
Category:OCC Board of Directors Members
Bourse Africa (Botswana)

Bourse Africa, a commodity spot and derivatives exchange, is a multi-asset class pan-African exchange.
The exchange, which was set to open as of March 2, 2010, is 60-percent owned by Financial Technologies, which purchased the stake in December 2008. The remaining ownership stake is held by African financial institutions, banks and strategic investors. 
The exchange will offer contracts on commodities, currencies, bonds and diamonds and is aimed at being a pan-African market through a hub-and-spoke approach throughout Africa.
The exchange expects to partner with local institutions to offer local university graduates training in trading spot and derivatives markets. 
== History ==
 
== Products and Services ==
The exchange expects to launch contracts on precious and base metals, energy products, agricultural commodities and minerals.
== Key People ==
*Managing Director, Chris Goromonzi 
Category:Exchanges
Category:Futures Exchanges
== References ==
Bourse Africa Limited

Bourse Africa, formerly known as the Global Board Of Trade Ltd. is the first international multi-asset class exchange from Mauritius. Launched in October 2010, it offers contracts on gold and silver, and currencies - rupee-dollar, euro-dollar, rand-dollar, pound-dollar and yen-dollar futures. 
Bourse Africa is owned by the Financial Technologies Group and is regulated by the Financial Services Commission (FSC) of Mauritius. 
== History ==
The exchange was launched with a $50 million investment and as of March 2012, it had about 20 international and domestic companies as members. Early participants in the exchange have been attracted to the "investor friendly environment," which boasts a double tax avoidance agreement with most emerging economies, according a March 2012 Bloomberg article.
== Products and Services ==
Bourse Africa opened in October 2010, offering futures in gold and silver contracts, as well as USD/MUR, ZAR/USD, EUR/USD, GBP/USD and JPY/USD futures. For the first time, two African currency futures were listed by the exchange.
== Key People ==
* Rinsy Ansalam, Managing Director & CEO 
* Venkat Chary, chairman, GBOT
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Africa
Bovespa

The São Paulo Stock Exchange, better known as Bovespa (Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo), was the largest cash equities exchange in Latin America by traded share value and market capitalization, with an equity derivatives business ranked as the world’s third-largest options exchange by contract number. Bovespa converted from a member-owned organization and floated its shares in October 2007 in an IPO valuing the company at R$16.2bn. In March 2008, it merged with the Brazilian Mercantile & Futures Exchange (BM&F) to become BM&FBOVESPA. 
== History and Ownership ==
The exchange started as a state-owned institution known as the Bolsa Livre on August 23, 1890, providing an open-outcry platform for securities trading directed by the federal and state governments until market reform in 1965 saw it renamed and transferred to the private sector as a member-owned entity the following year.
Automated trading was launched in 1972, and the options platform started in the late 1970s, with electronic trading launched alongside open outcry in 1990. A new electronic trading platform – known as Mega Bolsa – was licensed from Atos Euronext in 1997, the same year as the wholly-owned Brazilian Clearing and Depositary Corporation (CBLC) was launched.
Bovespa combined with eight regional exchanges in 2000 and acquired the CBLC, also launching the Novo Mercado.
The company converted from a non-profit organization owned by 103 member-brokers on August 28 2007 with the creation of Bovespa Holding – incorporating the exchange and CBLC - floating on its own Novo Mercado exchange on October, 26 2007.
Pricing for the flotation of a 40 percent stake was raised several times, and the shares climbed 52 per cent from their R$32-a-share final pricing on the first day of trade.
Itau is the largest shareholder, with 4.1 percent, followed by Santander Banespa, with 4.1 percent. The company's bylaws restrict the exercise of voting rights to no more than a 7 percent of the company's capital stock.
NYSE Euronext paid $90m for a 1 per cent stake in October 2007
== Structure and Regulation ==
Novo Mercado, tighter corporate governance
Level 1
Level 2
434 listed companies at September 30, 2007, with a capitalization of R$2,267bn
Nine directors with two-year terms, five of them independent
http://www.bovespa.com.br/pdf/FactsFigures.pdf
Bovespa is a self-regulatory organization overseen by the National Monetary Council (CMN) and the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM).
== Product Development ==
Ibovespa
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:South American Exchanges