IFileSystem

Source replaces the standard file handling functions (fopen etc.) with its own. The functions, members of the global IFileSystem* filesystem object, provide access to the whole engine filesystem, including cascading access through all mounted SearchPaths and access within GCF files.
You must #include "Filesystem.h" before you can use it.
== CBaseFile ==
Tier2 provides CBaseFile and various derivatives, which operate like the C++ fstream family. #include "tier2\fileutils.h" to access them.
== Paths IDs ==
In Source, the same file can exist in multiple SearchPaths. IFileSystem defines a few different access modes for determining precisely where it should look:
; MOD
: The first SearchPath only.
; GAME
: All SearchPaths, including those inside GCFs.
; XGAME
: equivalent to GAME.
; GAMEBIN
: The game binaries folder (client, server).
; EXECUTABLE_PATH
: The engine binaries folder.
; DEFAULT_WRITE_PATH
: Wherever the game is currently configured to write out to. Defaults to the first SearchPath.
You can get the path of the gameinfo.txt folder like this:
// server
char pGameDir[MAX_PATH];
engine->GetGameDir(pGameDir, MAX_PATH);
// client
const char *pGameDir = engine->GetGameDirectory();
== Fixing paths ==
filename = "materials\metal\metalcombine001";
V_SetExtension( filename, ".vmt", sizeof(filename) );
V_FixSlashes(filename);
These functions are self-explanatory. Always call V_FixSlashes(), as slash direction differs between Windows and Linux/Mac!
== File ==
=== Modes ===
These values are passed as string literals when opening files.
r 	Open for reading
w 	Create for writing (will overwrite existing)
a 	Append to
r+	Open for read/write
w+	Create for read/write
a+	Append to or create for read/write
b 	When used with any of the above, flags file as binary
t 	When used with any of the above, flags file as text
=== Reading ===
#include "Filesystem.h"
FileHandle_t fh = filesystem->Open("gameinfo.txt","r","GAME");
if(fh)
{
	int file_len = filesystem->Size(fh);
	char* GameInfo = new char[file_len + 1];
	filesystem->Read((void*)GameInfo,file_len,fh);
	GameInfo[file_len] = 0; // null terminator
	filesystem->Close(fh);
	// Use GameInfo here...
	delete[] GameInfo;
}
This code opens gameinfo.txt in read-only mode, then stores its contents in GameInfo, a C string. Because the string was created with the new keyword, it is very important to call delete[] on it afterwards or the memory would be leaked. (If you know in advance the size of the file, you can do char MyString[the_length] as normal, and not risk any leaks.)
There is also a helper function that handles open/read/close for you in one swoop:
#include "Filesystem.h"
#include "utlbuffer.h"
CUtlBuffer buf;
if ( filesystem->ReadFile("gameinfo.txt","GAME",buf) )
{
	char* GameInfo = new char[buf.Size() + 1];
	buf.GetString(GameInfo);
	GameInfo[buf.Size()] = 0; // null terminator
	// Use GameInfo here...
	delete[] GameInfo;
}
=== Writing ===
FileHandle_t fh = filesystem->Open( "mylog.log", "a+", "MOD");
if (fh)
{
	filesystem->FPrintf(fh, "%s", "Logging A test line...");
	char* text = "Logging another test line...";
	filesystem->Write(text, V_strlen(text), fh); 
	filesystem->Close(fh);
}
There is also filesystem->WriteFile(char* name,char* path,CUtlBuffer &buf).
=== Searching ===
FileFindHandle_t findHandle; // note: FileFINDHandle
const char *pFilename = filesystem->FindFirstEx( "*.*", "MOD", &findHandle );
while (pFilename)
{
	Msg("%s\n",pFilename);
	pFilename = filesystem->FindNext( findHandle );
}
filesystem->FindClose( findHandle );
This code lists all files and folders in the gameinfo.txt folder. The Find functions do not search subfolders, and return only the filename matched, not its entire path.
To iterate over subfolders, use filesystem->FindIsDirectory() and alter the search terms (e.g. materials\\*.*).
== Directories ==
=== Creating ===
char* path = "test_dir/subdir";
V_FixSlashes(path);
filesystem->CreateDirHierarchy(path,"DEFAULT_WRITE_PATH");
=== Removing ===
IFileSystem does not include support for deleting directories, and neither does the C++ standard. You'll need to either not delete them, or fall back on platform-specific APIs.
One function you will find useful when doing this is filesystem->RelativePathToFullPath.
== Mounting Steam Application Content ==
The following code segment should be added to both CHLClient::Init in src\cl_dll\cdll_client_int.cpp and CServerGameDLL::DLLInit in src\dlls\GameInterface.cpp after filesystem is initialized.
 	filesystem->AddSearchPath("path", "GAME");
 	if(filesystem->MountSteamContent(-id)==FILESYSTEM_MOUNT_FAILED)
 		return false;
path should be retrieved from Game Name Abbreviations
id should be retrieved from Steam Application IDs
- is a negative sign (Subtract) and is required to mount content properly.
==Interface Details==
The IFileSystem interface provides routines for accessing content on both the local drives, and in packages.
===Search Paths===
File paths are usually formatted as a relative path to the current folder. For example:
 .\materials\Brick\brickfloor001a.vtf
Content from several sources is merged into this common root folder using search paths. This provides useful, however complex to the uninitiated, behaviour for accessing content. While the file used in the example above originates from the source 2007 shared material.gcf, not all files found in the .\materials folder will originate from the same place. Another example:
 .\materials\myCustomMadeTexture.vtf
This file would most likely reside on the hard disk, in a mod folder, under its materials directory. The full path may be something like this:
 C:\Program Files\Steam\SteamApps\SourceMods\MyMod\Materials\myCustomMadeTexture.vtf
The IFileSystem function GetSearchPaths retrieves a list of the search paths used to achieve this behaviour. Typical paths that would be returned:
 C:\program files\steam\steamapps\sourcemods\mymod
 C:\program files\steam\steamapps\username\sourcesdk\bin\orangebox\hl2
When the calling application attempts to open .\materials\myCustomMadeTexture.vtf, this first search path allows it to be interpreted as the full path. There may be many more search paths than these two. Whichever search path first finds an existing file, is the search path that is used. Hence, the order of the search paths is significant, and the GetSearchPaths function returns them in the correct order.
While this makes clear how hard disk files are found, the matter of mounted content requires further explanation.
===Mounted Content===
The second search path example above is what allows mounted content to be found. If one examines this folder on their hard disk, they will find little there. However, the steam file system can mount content (typically based on AppId) as paths in the local file system. When the IFileSystem is created, the content is mounted to the current directory of the calling code. Note, however that this directory should NOT be ...\orangebox\hl2. This is because the root of the associated packs are mounted to the current directory. GCFs such as the source 2007 shared material.gcf contain a folder called hl2 inside their root. When the GCF is mounted, this hl2 folder inside the gcf becomes ...orangebox\hl2. Therefore, when the IFileSystem is Loaded/Connected, the current directory should first be changed to:
 C:\program files\steam\steamapps\username\sourcesdk\bin\orangebox
Or the appropriate path for the version of the source SDK being used.
===Instantiating an IFileSystem===
Though the IFileSystem interface cannot itself be instantiated, the closed source class that implements it can be, which provides us with a working IFileSystem. Several steps must be taken to retrieve an IFileSystem that functions as expected (functions at all).
Information that must be known:
* Whether steam is running or not
* The game directory (for example: c:\program files\steam\steamapps\sourcemods\mymod)
* the SDK base directory (C:\program files\steam\steamapps\username\sourcesdk\bin\orangebox)
* Whether or not to mount ExtraAppId
=====Is Steam Running?=====
The easiest way to do this is to check for steam.exe as a running process. However, this is not the safest way to allow the application to proceed. (For more details, see Api.cpp API::FileSystemReady in the DuctTape project). If Steam is not ready to provide the file system interface, the calling application will terminate immediately with a message printed to the debug output: "steam is not running"
=====Preparing the Runtime Environment=====
* The location of steam.dll must be in the path environment variable.
* If steam is an NT service (running in Vista) then the SteamAppUser environment variable must be set to the users name. This can be retrieved from the AutoLoginUser key in file:
 steam install path\config\SteamAppData.vdf
* The SteamAppId environment variable must be set to the AppId found in the mods/games gameinfo.txt
* Set the sourcesdk environment variable to the SDK base directory
* Change the current directory to the SDK base directory
=====Loading the FileSystem Module=====
The full path of filesystem_steam.dll must be determined, which resides in the source sdk's bin directory (orangebox\bin). This file must be used from this location, or mounted content will not be retrievable.
* Call the Sys_LoadInterface function. It returns true on success:
 CSysModule** module;
 IFileSystem* fileSystem;
 Sys_LoadInterface(fullPathToFileSystemDLL, "VFileSystem017", module, (void**)&fileSystem);
* Connect the file system. It returns true on success:
 fileSystem->Connect(Sys_GetFactoryThis());
* Initialize the files system. It returns INIT_OK on success.
 fileSystem->Init();
* At this point, current directory can be restored.
=====Mount the extra content=====
If SDK extra content is to be mounted, the ToolsAppID must be retrieved from gameinfo.txt. Currently it is 211.
 fileSystem->MountSteamContent(toolsAppId);
=====Load Search Paths=====
The search paths must be loaded from gameinfo.txt. For a thorough example of how this is to be done, see filesystem_init.cpp FileSystem_LoadSearchPaths in the DuctTape project. A simple explanation of how search paths are loaded can be found in the unmodified gameinfo.txt of a new mod.
==See also==
* Mounting Other Content
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