Heavy metal

Heavy metal is any metal or metalloid of environmental concern a form of rock music that is pretty heavy and also pretty metal. It scares most conservatives and fundamentalistsThe Heavy Metal Fundamentalists, of course, love it. Providing it's their early album before they went all commercial. due to generally being fairly anti-authoritarian, as well as having many bands that use Satanic imagery, though most only for shock value — indeed, some bands and genres, such as black metal and death metal, go out of their way to be as dark and gory as possible.A tiny minority, not included in this description, eschew heavy metal out of concern for their ears, but they can safely be relegated to a footnote. Feminists have also been known to criticize it for sexist content (including lyrics and objectification), heavily male-dominated demographics, and male-dominated bands (where females usually play lead singer and look attractive, but rarely anything else), which has also been done in rock and country music. Environmentalists also sometimes criticize it for "causing noise pollution".
==Black Sabbath==
thumb|right|165px|Black Sabbath: crosses to bear
The original heavy metal band, Black Sabbath, didn't make many anti-Christian songs, though some could be held as criticisms of Christians that acted superior to others. Legendary rock critic Lester Bangs wrote that Black Sabbath was in fact a Catholic(!) band whose worldview borrowed heavily from Christian doctrines of "the Fall and Redemption."Ozzy Does It: The improbable persistence of Ozzy Osbourne. by James Parker (Feb 05, 20109:33 AM) Slate. This could possibly be because of songs like "After Forever" about redemption and a strongly worded attack on atheists. Or maybe it was their title song where they beg God to intervene and save them from Satan. It might also be the way the members adorn themselves with crosses — legend has it that Ozzy Osbourne had his father (who was a toolmaker by trade) fabricate a set of crosses for him and his bandmates after an incident where a group of satanists supposedly cursed them after the band refused to play for their black masses, having openly denounced satanism in front of the cult members. They did use Satan in their lyrics fairly often, but this was usually because they based many of their songs off the whole concept of horror movies — the anecdote goes that lead guitarist said "You know how people pay to watch movies and get scared? What if they paid to hear music and get scared?" and thus the Music Your Parents Hate was reincarnated. In their self-titled song Satan is mentioned often, but only in terms of a story rather than glorification. What they did have, however, were many pro-drug songs such as "Sweet Leaf" and "Snowblind" (about cannabis and cocaine, respectively). This is because they, like most musicians of the day, liked drugs — although they also noted the downside of addiction in "Hand of Doom" and "Paranoid".
The band got their name from the title of a low-budget Boris Karloff horror movie. Interestingly, the day before Easter is known alternately as the Great Sabbath or Black Saturday.
Also interesting is Iommi writing a choral piece for the Birmingham Cathedral called "How Good It Is", inspired by ; while Iommi admits in interviews that he isn't exactly of the churchgoing type (he and his family are of Italian Roman Catholic heritage), he is good friends with the Dean of Birmingham, something which religious groups certainly would spin their heads in confusion considering the body of work Iommi and his bandmates made.How Good It Is by Birmingham Cathedral (Jan 5, 2017) YouTube. Iommi further elaborated in an interview about the song, saying "People used to think we were Satanists but we weren't. The songs were the opposite and all about the dangers of Black Magic and Satanism. The closest we came was Black Magic chocolates!"BLACK SABBATH Legend TONY IOMMI Writes Arrangement For Birmingham Cathedral As Gift For City (Jan 5, 2017) Blabbermouth.
==\m/==
The "horns", where the hand is formed into a fist and the pinky and index finger are raised, is a generally universal sign of metal and usually written as \m/, which imitates the shape. It has been claimed to be Satanic (it's sometimes referred to as "the sign of the devil, dude"). However, the person responsible for its popularity, (not his real name), said that it was actually a sign used by his grandmother to ward off the "evil eye", or to give it, and this sense of mysticism felt appropriate for Black Sabbath, which he joined after their original vocalist, Ozzy Osbourne, had left.
==Satanism==
The more serious use of Satanism is usually confined to the black metal genre (infamous for church burnings in Norway), which is quite possibly because black metal is a largely atmospheric genre. Thus bands that create "evil" atmospheres tend to use Satanic imagery to fit it; they also use corpse paint quite often, so, go figure. It also tends to work well as a "shock value" and it's relatively rare for anyone to use Satanism seriously in metal. This is akin to biker gangs using Nazi and occult imagery more as a form of shock value and the rebellious desire to reject social constraints than a sincere devotion to the themes they adopt.
*One of the few people who seem sincere about their Satanism (outside the black metal genre) is Glen Benton of Deicide (the dude who branded an inverted cross on his forehead), and he also claims to have seen Bigfoot,Deicide's Glen Benton Claims Bigfoot Sighting (Apr. 18, 2008) Road Runner Records (archived from April 22, 2008). so again, go figure — it has been pondered that heavy metal could be responsible for the corruption of our youth with the idea of Bigfoot. 
*One of the most infamous metalheads for "Satanism" is Varg Vikernes, who also happens to be a pagan, rather than a Satanist. He was accused of Satanism due to his having burned down a few wooden churches (including a rare 12th-century one), but he claimed that he "just" wanted to get rid of Christianity from his Scandinavian homelands. He was convicted of the murder of Øystein Aarseth ( of Mayhem fame) in 1993, and released from prison in 2009. Varg is also a fanatical neo-Nazi.
*The bass player and lead 'singer' of Slayer, a famous "Satanic" thrash metal band, is actually a practising Catholic, having stated that his band's image was more of an act than a sincere endorsement of the themes they depict;Kerry King: Why Tom Araya Continues Performing in Slayer Despite Being a Catholic (Dec 24, 2015 12:25 AM) Ultimate Guitar Com. however, Slayer lead guitarist Kerry King is at the very least extremely critical of the Christian church, probably to the point of being an out and out anti-Christian.Kerry King & Tom Araya on Religion (Apr 16, 2012) Youtube (archived from January 18, 2014). "God doesn't hate. It's just a great fucking title!"
*The song "The Number of the Beast" by Iron Maiden is often claimed to be Satanic. Rather than debunking this, read the lyrics yourself.The Number of the Beast by Iron Maiden, Genius.
*AC/DC had numerous songs that made Hell and Satan seem awesome, like "Highway to Hell" and "Hell Ain't A Bad Place to Be". AC/DC's "Highway to Hell" album, featuring lead guitarist Angus Young in devil horns and a tail, did not help matters, nor did Christian fundamentalist claims that AC/DC actually stood for "Anti-Christ/Devil's Child" or "Anti-Christ/Death to Christ". Young has denied this claim, stating the name of the band came from a voltage label on his sister's sewing machine. Serial killer Richard Ramirez (a.k.a., the Night Stalker) further muddied the waters by leaving behind AC/DC baseball-style caps at the scene of each of his murders.
*Christian fundamentalists have also claimed that rock band Kiss stands for "Knights In Satan's Service". Lead singer Paul Stanley has denied this, claiming the name of the band has its origins in their glam rock roots. There were similar claims about the band name "Slayer" being an acronym for "Satan Laughs As You Eternally Rot". The band members probably wish they'd thought of that themselves.
*A non-metal variation of this comes from fundamentalists promoting the backronym "Dancing In Satan's COmpany" as a way to condemn the disco fad of the 70s,Lahat nalang demonic! which has understandably been criticised by music fans, particularly those of rock and metal music, for its oversaturation,Bee Gees on Allmusic though the anti-disco movement was also viewed as driven by racist and bigoted sentiment as well.New Wave Hegemony and the Bebop Question
*In the 1990s, Christian fundamentalists latched onto Marilyn Manson as the latest evil Satanic band. For once, they did get one thing correct: the eponymous lead singer can officially be called Reverend Marilyn Manson, as he was made a reverend in the Church of Satan by Anton LaVey himself,The Long Hard Road Out of Hell by Marilyn Manson (1998) ReganBooks. ISBN 0060392584. and Reverend Manson did write the foreword to one of LaVey's books, Satan Speaks!Satan Speaks! by Anton Szandor LaVey (1998) Feral House. ISBN 0922915660. However, the Reverend Marilyn Manson has not used that title since the end of the Antichrist Superstar era (1996/1997), and has never actually been a member of The Church of Satan (the title was honorary).
*Fundies also had something of a point about Satanism with of (who was raised a Jehovah's Witness in his youth), who used to practice in his teenage years, which inspired several songs on Megadeth's second album, Peace Sells… but Who's Buying?. He did, however, renounce his occult beliefs when he became a born-again Christian, expressing discomfort over the idea of playing songs he now perceives as against his beliefs.Dave Mustaine Explains Why He Refuses To Share Stage With His 'Confessed Enemy' (May 8, 2007) Blabbermouth.net (archived from October 31, 2010). Mustaine's newfound beliefs came at the cost of being a fundie wingnut homophobe however, also aligning with conspiracist luminaries such as Alex Jones.Dave Mustaine: Endgame "Is About People Being Run By The People Who Have Money" (Dec 10, 2009 02:17 PM) Ultimate Guitar Tab.
*Further muddying the waters was that of Anton LaVey himself actually expressing his distaste for the genre regardless of the songs' subject matter;Harrington, Walt. "Anton LaVey America's Satanic Master of Devils, Magic, Music, and Madness". The Washington Post Magazine, February 23, 1986. while the liner notes to the 1998 Black Sabbath Reunion album state "Unbeknownst to the band, Black Sabbath was launched in the U.S. with a party with the head of the Church of Satan, Anton LaVey, presiding over the proceedings... All of a sudden Sabbath were Satan's Right Hand Men.", Ozzy Osbourne opined in his memoirs that LaVey was more into the debauchery than anything else, something which was corroborated by FBI investigations into the Church of Satan that LaVey’s "interest in the Church of Satan is strictly from a monetary point of view," and that he spent "most of his time furnishing interviews, writing material, and lately has become interested in photography."David Gambacorta (January 12, 2020). "Satan, the FBI, the Mob—and the Forgotten Plot to Kill Ted Kennedy". Politico. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
==Violence==
Like Satanism, violence is also a common theme in metal. It is widespread through the genres, though it is most common in thrash and death metal. However, it is, again, generally for the impact and is meant to be purely cathartic, and not many heavy metal bands seem to actually endorse it. In fact, Chuck Schuldiner from Death who is widely regarded as "The Father of Death Metal" actively condemned stereotypes of metal artists and being harmful to any sort of living thing or life.Chuck Schuldiner - "Individual Thought Patterns" studio recording 1993 by Modok5000 (Dec 2, 2012) YouTube (archived from October 26, 2015). To consider another example, the band Ballistic wrote a whole album containing songs about killing people, with titles such as "Silent Killer" and "Corpse Stacked High," but their members are not known for killing people silently and feeding off the power of you. If there is violence associated with heavy metal gigs, it is usually associated with the thrash metal genre due to the speed and aggression of the music, though it is hardly "expected" and is probably more common at punk shows. However, excessive violence going further than just some fairly rough moshing is actually quite rare.
As violence, war is also often present and it's also something more common in thrash and death metal. The way it's treated varies from band to band with some presenting in their songs its nasty results ("One" by Metallica or "Rust in Peace… Polaris" from Megadeth just to cite two examples), others like Sabaton singing about famous events in the history of warfare or like Sodom in their album "Agent Orange" conflicts as the Vietnam War, and finally miscellaneous songs from bands that do not delve primarily with that subject (for example "Run Silent, Run Deep" of Iron Maiden, about WWII submarine warfare). 
That said, there are a few bands who actually have delved into the real thing. The early Norwegian black metal scene especially became infamous for this because a few bands, especially , tossed animal parts around during shows and had members who mutilated themselves. Although this has largely subsided, there are still a few stories of that nature which pop up every so often. And because metal is a human enterprise, just as with any walk of life there are at least a few genuinely violent lunatics there at any given time.
==Personality of metal fans==
A 2008 survey found that metal fans are typically "gentle, creative types who are at ease with themselves". The surveys and studies mentioned that the personality types of people who like heavy metal are most like those who listen to classical music; make of this what you will.Musical taste "defines personality" (5 September 2008) BBC. However, it's not all well-educated and well-spoken ladies and gentlemen trying to hide behind a mask of evil and rock persona, taking it with a pinch of salt and enjoyment; some take it incredibly seriously. In early 2010, the metal magazine Metal Hammer decided "hey, wouldn't it be a nice idea if metal was a religion". Aiming to repeat the feat achieved by the Jedi, the magazine prompted its readers to declare "metal" as their religion on the 2011 UK census.Which music genres should be recognised as religions? Metalheads are campaigning to have their tribal sounds recognised as a religion. But surely there are more suitable types of music – like psychedelic trance by Luke Lewis (22 Jan 2010 07.22 EST) The Guardian.
==Christian metal==
There is also Christian-themed metal, a sub-genre of the Christian rock movement. All too often, it is unoriginal music that is sold as a "Christian alternative" to Satanic or "secular" metal — some are listed on the Objective: Ministries sister site "Zounds!"Zounds! Youth Rock Ministry. Stryper is widely believed to have started the Christian metal genre — the only problem is, Stryper was not in any meaningful sense "heavy metal" since their music (mostly hair metal) was indistinguishable from that of Poison, Mötley Crüe, or Ratt. Stryper also dressed in yellow and black spandex bumble-bee suits and had hairdos apparently inspired by the 1970s band Angel. In all fairness to Stryper, their music did earn plaudits even from the mainstream metal scene, particularly that of rock critic Masa Itoh and the Japanese heavy metal magazine Burrn! who gave the band a glowing review,The Rock & Roll Rebellion: Why People of Faith Abandoned Rock Music and Why They're Coming Back by Mark Joseph (1999) Broadman & Holman. ISBN 9780805420616. and have rubbed elbows with relatively secular acts such as Judas Priest.Judas Priest Fails To Make Top 5 in 2022 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: Induction Fan Vote by Michael Sweet (@michaelsweetstryper) Instagram. Lead vocalist Michael Sweet even recalls his band having the dubious honour of gaining Satanist fans who do listen to them if only for the ironic novelty, though Sweet did hope that they would be saved through his band's music.Michael Sweet of Stryper: Giant Coffee Machines in Heaven, Satanist Fans, Equality, More by Little Punk People (May 10, 2018) YouTube.
During the 1980s when the term "black metal" started being used more often, Metal Blade Records began using the term "white metal" to market Christian heavy metal bands signed to their label. As a result, many Christian and Christian-themed bands today have sometimes been labelled as "white metal".
There are also a lot of bands that write heavily Christian/Bible-themed songs and lyrics, like the fairly popular power metal band Angra, but are not actually considered to be 'Christian metal', because they're quite good genre labels are silly like that.
==Racism and nationalism in metal==
A certain subgenre of heavy metal (black metal, ironically enough) has picked up a good number of racist musicians and fans. The field of "National Socialist black metal", or NSBM for short, includes such bands as Aryan WerewolfAryan Werewolf (2013-06-28 10:38:34) The Metal Archives. (inspired name, that). Much of NSBM does not include the Satanic imagery and lyrical themes typical of black metal, but instead employs a lot of pagan and mythological themes that they find a way to relate with their racism. However, not all bands that use pagan imagery are racists or Nazis, and that most of them just have an interest in paganism. Also relevant is the subgenre of Viking metal; this type of metal is not overtly racist but "racial pride" does play a role, with many of its practitioners banging on about being fantasizing that they were descended from Vikings. 
==See also==
*Fun:Paranoid
*Pat Boone
*Backward masking
*Goth
*Parents Music Resource Center
*Puuuuuunk!
*Dark Brandon
*Lead, uranium, mercury, gold, arsenic, etc. — for the chemical definition of a heavy metal
==External links==
*The Metal Archives are a list of nearly all ("true") metal bands, along with reviews.
*Metal Storm, an Estonian site that is far more lenient as to what counts as metal, but is a bit incomplete in spots
*Röw & Fat Ed's Furry Fucking Guide To Metal
*Map of Metal is an oddly comprehensive history of metal genres and includes music samples
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Music
Category:Horror
Category:Moral panics