nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Organza

== Description ==
A sheer, stiff, plain weave fabric made from rayon, silk, nylon, acrylic, or polyester fibers. Organza is similar to organdy but it is not made from cotton (King 1985). Organza has a crisp finish and is used for evening dresses, wedding clothes, neckwear, and trimming.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
organza (Esp.)
== Additional Images ==
File:Image3_802524.jpg|Organza
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Website: www.fabrics.net
Category:Materials database
Orichalcum

== Description ==
A copper/zinc alloy that has a high percentage of zinc. Orichalcum was said to have been mined in Atlantis in ancient times. It used for jewelry and, according to Plato, to line the outer walls of the Temple to Poseidon on Atlantis. By Roman times, the alloy was used for coinage and jewelry. Orichalcum alloy is easy to cast, is ductile, and has a golden color (Odgen, 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mountain copper; zinc bronze; orichalque (Fr.); oricalco (It.); Aurichalcum (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orichalcum (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Oriental brush

== Description ==
"Traditional Oriental round brushes differ from Occidental. Instead of mixing different hairs together they are assembled from the inside out in layers of various hairs. There is a central core selected to retain fluid, and sometimes as many as five additional layers added to provide appropriate properties like points and stiffness. Hairs most often used are sheep, goat, horse, badger, deer, and weasel. Bamboo fibers are also used. Handles range from bamboo (no ferrule) to specially fashioned wood including flat split handles for hake brushes." (from Zora Pinney 1999)
==Resources and Citations==
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
Category:Materials database
Oriental cockroach

== Description ==
A dark brown cockroach, Blatta orientalis, that is distributed worldwide. Both the Oriental cockroach nymphs and adults feed on almost anything, such as starchy, sugary, and proteinaceous foods. They will eat cloth that is sized with starch or glue. The adult insects grow up to 26 mm long and can live almost 2.5 years. The female lay about 8 sausage-shaped capsules containing approximately 16 eggs that hatch into nymphs in 42 to 81 days. These light-sensitive cockroaches are nocturnal and tend to stay in moist areas. Common desiccating powders such as borax, Dri-die, and sulfur are used along with pesticides to exterminate cockroaches.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oriental roach; black beetle, mill beetles, shad roaches; waterbug
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Distribution: worldwide -household pest in Midwest, South, and Northwest parts of the US. Likes damp locations.
==Resources and Citations==
* MuseumPests.net: Oriental Cockroach
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988 Comment: adults can live up to 1.5 years
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* University of Florida, Dept. of Entomology at http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/roaches/oriental_cockroach.htm (accessed June. 2014) adult life span is 34 to 180 days
Category:Materials database
Orion

= Orion Analytical, LLC =
Orion Analtical is a materials analysis and consulting firm. Orion studies the structure and composition of materials comprising art, artifacts, and architecture; forensic evidence; and manufactured goods. The range of materials spans more than 4000 years, from ancient Egyptian artifacts to modern compact discs. Examinations and analyses are performed in accordance with standard practices. Results and conclusions are documented in detailed, easy-to-understand reports. We specialize in examination and scientific imaging, and analysis of particles, fibers, thin sections and thick sections using light microscopy, infrared microspectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with x-ray elemental analysis. Analyses may also include Raman spectroscopy, instrumental chromatography, x-ray diffraction, or dating methods. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.orionanalytical.com
Postal Address 	James Martin
Orion Analytical
Post Office Box 550
Williamstown, Massachusetts01267 
USA
Phone 	(1) 413 458 0233
Fax 	(1) 413 458 0234
Contact 	info@orionanalytical.com
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Analysis / Research
Website Languages	English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Analysis / Research
Orlon

== Description ==
[DuPont] A registered trademark for an acrylic fiber. In 1950 Orlon® became the first commercially manufactured acrylic fiber. Orlon® is made from polymerized acrylonitrile. The acrylic resin is dissolved in a solvent, then extruded through spinnerets to produce long, continuous filaments. The smooth, thermoplastic fibers are resistant to wrinkles, chemicals, UV light, weathering, insects, mildew, and moisture. They produce fabrics that are lightweight, soft, durable and fast drying. They are, however, susceptible to heat and will melt or burn. Acrylic fibers are used for carpets, blankets, drapes, outdoor products and apparel such as sweaters, coats, linings, hosiery, dresses, and shirts. DuPont discontinued Orlon fibers in 1990.
For micrographs, please see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Acrylic
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
acrylic fiber; DuPont Fiber A
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|OrlonTestfabrics.jpg~FTIR|orlon500am.jpg~SEM|orlon500bm.jpg~SEM]]]
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Dupont: History
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 12
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Ormolu

== Description ==
Currently, the term 'ormolu' is used for any golden color alloy made of brass or bronze. In this interpretation, ormolu is often finished with a toned varnish and used in imitation of gilded metal. Historically, ormolu is a brass or bronze piece that has been finished with gold leaf applied by fire gilding. In either case, ormolu is used for decorating mounts and ornaments on furniture, candlesticks, chandeliers, architectural molding, and jewelry.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bronze doré; gilt bronze; mosaic gold (often incorrectly used as synonym)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.656
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Wikipedia at http://www.wikipedia.com Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormolu (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Category:Materials database
Orotan

== Description ==
1) A brand name for a synthetic tanning agent. Orotan is a dark red, viscous solution composed of a sulfonated phenol formaldehyde (31%). It simulates the tanning properties of vegetable tannins. Orotan produces a strong, full, solid leather that is often used for shoes. This syntan is also used as a bleaching and penetrating agent in combination with other tannins.
2) [Rohm & Haas] A brand name for a dispersant composed of the sodium salt of a carboxylated polyelectrolyte.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 798
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
Category:Materials database
Ortho-phenyl phenol

== Description ==
A fungicide and bactericide. Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria. It is effective at concentrations as low as 0.05% by weight. OPP is an ingredient in Lysol® and has been used as a fungicides in starch, glue, and polyvinyl acetate emulsions. Dilute solutions have also been used for removing lichens from granite. OPPNa, the sodium salt of ortho-phenyl phenol, is more soluble.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
phenyl phenol; orthophenyl phenol; OPP; 2-phenylphenol; 2-biphenylol; 2-hydroxybiphenyl; Dowicide 1; Dowicide 1 [Dow Chemical]; Topane S [ICI]; Lysol® [Sterling]; Dowicide A (OPPNa) [Dow Chemical]; Topane WS (OPPNa) [ICI]; Mystox WFA (OPPNa) [Catomance]
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|ortho-phenyl phenol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Ingestion is toxic, especially to small mammals (e.g., cats) and aquatic organisms. LD50 = 2480 mg/kg 
* Inhalation and contact may cause irritation and redness. 
* Combustible. Flash point = 124 C (255 F) 
* May discolor textiles, especially silk. 
* ThermoFisher SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohols, glycols and sodium hydroxide solution..
Composition 	C6H5C6H4OH
CAS 	90-43-7
Melting Point 	58-60 C
Density 	1.217 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 170.2
Boiling Point 	286 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Haines, S.Kohler "An Evaluation of Ortho-Phenyl Phenol as a Fungicidal Fumigant for Archives and Libraries" JAIC 25:49-55, 1986
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Orthochrom

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A trademark for a series of pigmented lacquers containing cellulose nitrate. Orthochrom is used as a coating for leathers that are generally used for upholstery or belts. The unpigmented lacquer is called Orthoclear.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Orthoclear
==Resources and Citations==
* AK Salz Company, "Leather with a personality" from The Rohm & Haas Reporter, Vol. XIII, No. 1, January-February 1955: Link
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Orthoclase

== Description ==
A common type of feldspar composed of potassium aluminum silicate. Orthoclase is found in many igneous rocks worldwide. It is generally a white or pale pink in color and has two good cleavage planes at right angles. Pure orthoclase is called adularia. Orthoclase with an intergrowth of albite has a pearly opalescence and is called moonstone. It is used as a gemstone. Sanidine is a glassy type of orthoclase. Orthoclase has been used since ancient times for beads. It is also used in the manufacture of glass, porcelain and enamels.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
potash feldspar; adularia; moonstone; sanidine; microcline; amazonstone; amazonite; ortoclasa (Esp.); orthoclase(Fr.); ortose (Port.); Orthoklas (Deut.); orthoclaas (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Orthoclaseitaly1.jpg~Raman (U of Parma)|Orthoclase Raman RRUFF R040055.png~Raman (RRUFF)|Orthoclase IR-ATR RRUFF R040055.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Monoclinic system; twinned crystals common 
* Perfect cleavage in two directions (right angles) 
* Fracture = uneven to splintery 
* Luster = vitreous 
* Streak = white 
* Pleochroism = usually none; may be weak in yellow stones
* Fluorescence = inert to weak; different shades of body color
* May show adularescence or aventurescence
* Dispersion = strong
* Inclusions = centipede-like inclusions; twinning planes; possible oriented needles
Composition 	KAlSi3O8
Mohs Hardness 	6.0 - 6.5
Density 	2.55 - 2.63 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.518 - 1.526
Birefringence 	0.005 - 0.008
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Mineralogy Database: Orthoclase
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "orthoclase" [Accessed December 4, 2001]
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: Orthoclase (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 316
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Ortholite

== Description ==
[Rohm & Haas] A trademark for a series of pigmented lacquers containing vinyl polymers. Ortholite has good resistant to weather and abrasion and it retains flexibility at low temperatures. It is used as a coating for leathers that are generally used for automobile upholstery.
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Ortonville granite

== Description ==
A biotite granite with medium to coarse grains quarried near Ortonville in Big Stone County, Minnesota. Ortonville granite has a deep red color with black and gray spots. It polishes well and is used for interior and exterior of buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
varitone mahogany granite; Richmond Red
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Orvus Liquid

== Description ==
[Proctor & Gamble] A trademark for an anionic detergent that contains a modified ammonium lauryl sulfate with sodium alkyl sulfate. Orvus® is a light amber colored liquid with a pH of 6.3. It is a biodegradable detergent and is also used as an emulsifier and thickener. Orvus® is used as a textile detergent and shampoo.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Orvus WA Paste

== Description ==
[Proctor & Gamble] A trademark for an anionic detergent that contains sodium lauryl sulfate. Orvus® WA paste is a firm, white paste with 35% solids and a pH of 7.8. It is a biodegradable, water-soluble and is used as an emulsifier and thickener. Orvus® WA Paste is used as a shampoo, as a detergent for fine textiles and for general removal of surface grime.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Canpac 645
== Risks ==
* P&G: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water.
* Density = 1.04 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Osage orange

== Description ==
A golden color dye extracted from the wood of the Osage orange tree, Maclura pomifera (formerly Toxylon pomiferum), indigenous to the southwestern parts of the United States. Used by Native Americans, the extract produces a clear gold colorant primarily composed of morin. On wool, it produces a golden color with a chrome mordant and a yellow-tan color with an alum mordant. Osage orange dye has good color fastness. Osage oranges have also been used as a home remedy as a repellent for silverfish, cockroaches, spiders, crickets, and fleas.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Maclura pomifera; Toxylon pomiferum; hedge apple; horse apple; hedge ball; bodark; bois d'arc; bow wood; Natural Yellow 8; CI 75660; monkeybrain; Maclura (Deut.); oranger des Osages (Fr.); Osagedoorn (Ned.); Laranja-de-osage (Port.);
== Risks ==
Fruit is not toxic but will cause vomiting.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Small tree growing to 15 m with irregular crown and stiff spiny branches. 
* Bark = orange-brown with scaly ridges and irregular furrows. 
* Leaf = alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 2-5 inches long with shiny top surface. 
* Fruit = large, round, rough surfaced druped with citrus smell.
==Resources and Citations==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Osage orange" [Accessed May 6, 2002].
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* J. Thornton, 'The Use of Dyes and Colored Varnishes in Wood Polychromy', Painted Wood: History and Conservation, The Getty Conservation Insitute, Los Angeles, 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_orange (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Oscillation

== Description ==
The periodic movement around a central position. Oscillation is measured by distance versus time. Examples include a swinging pendulum and a mass on a spring. Vibration is a type of oscillation used for mechanical rhythmic oscillations.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
oscillator; vibration
==Resources and Citations==
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration (Accessed Mar 2006)
Category:Materials database
Osmium

== Description ==
A hard, bluish-white, heavy metallic element. Osmium occurs naturally as the mineral osmiridium and as a trace element in all platinum ores. It has an abundance in the earth's crust of 0.001 ppm and is mined commercially in Tasmania, Russia and Canada. Osmium was first discovered by Smithson Tennant in 1803. Osmium is the second densest element known, next to iridium. It forms octavalent compounds and is used as a catalyst, and in the manufacture of platinum alloys and electric light filaments. The mineral, osmiridium, is a natural alloy containing osmium and iridium. This alloy, also called iridosmine, is used for fountain-pen points, surgical needles, phonograph needles, compass points and instrument pivots.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Os; iridosmine; osmiridium; osmio (It., Esp.); Ósmio (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Skin contact causes irritation.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Insoluble in acids. Soluble in alkalis.
Composition 	Os (atomic no. 76)
CAS 	7440-04.2
Mohs Hardness 	7.0
Melting Point 	~2700 C
Density 	22.61 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 190.23
Boiling Point 	~5500 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.565
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7021 (discovered by Tennant in 1804)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Web Elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Os/key.html gives discovered by Smithson Tennant in 1803
* Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Ian Shott, p. 144: discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant
Category:Materials database
Osnaburg

== Description ==
A heavy, coarse, plain-woven cotton fabric. Osnaburg is used unbleached for grain, flour and cement sacks. It is also used for awnings, upholstery, draperies and sportswear.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
osnaburgo (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 282
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database