nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi)

==General information==
Class/mechanism from the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally available, tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, larotrectinib binds to Trk, thereby preventing neurotrophin-Trk interaction and Trk activation, which results in both the induction of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of cell growth in tumors that overexpress Trk.
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Solid malignancies with NTRK fusions
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2018-11-26: Granted accelerated approval for adult and pediatric patients with solid tumors that have a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, that are either metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and who have no satisfactory alternative treatments or whose cancer has progressed following treatment. (Based on LOXO-TRK-14001, SCOUT, and NAVIGATE)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2019-09-19: Initial conditional authorisation as Vitrakvi. Vitrakvi as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with solid tumours that display a Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK) gene fusion, who have a disease that is locally advanced, metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and who have no satisfactory treatment options.
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2019-07-10: Initial notice of compliance with conditions for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with solid tumours that have a Neurotrophic Tyrosine Receptor Kinase (NTRK) gene fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, are metastatic, or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and have no satisfactory treatment options.
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2021-03-23: Newly indicated for the treatment of NTRK fusion gene-positive advanced or recurrent solid tumours.
==Patient Drug Information==
*Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) Package InsertLarotrectinib (Vitrakvi) Package Insert
==Also known as==
*Code name: LOXO-101
*Brand name: Vitrakvi
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:TRK inhibitors
Category:Mutation-specific medications
Category:Malignant solid neoplasm, NTRK-mutated medications
Category:FDA approved in 2018
Category:EMA approved in 2019
Category:Health Canada approved in 2019
Category:PMDA approved in 2021
Lasofoxifene (Fablyn)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A non-steroidal, naphthalene-derived, third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with potential antineoplastic and anti-osteoporotic activities. Upon oral administration, lasofoxifene selectively binds to both estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha; ESR1) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta; ESR2) with high affinity and mimics the effects of endogenous estradiol with varying agonist and antagonist effects in ER-expressing tissues. Blockade of ERalpha by lasofoxifene may potentially inhibit estrogen-dependent cancer cell proliferation in ER-expressing cancers. Lasofoxifene may also bind to the certain mutant forms of ERalpha, including the Y537S ESR1 mutant, making it potentially useful in the treatment of tumors that have acquired resistance to other ER-targeting agents.
==Also known as==
*Code name: CP-336,156
*Brand names: Fablyn, Oporia
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Category:Stub
Lazertinib (Leclaza)

==General information==
Class/mechanism from the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally available third-generation, selective inhibitor of certain forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with activating mutations, including the resistance mutation T790M, exon 19 deletions (Del19), and the L858R mutation, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, lazertinib specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits selective EGFR mutants, which prevents EGFR mutant-mediated signaling and leads to cell death in EGFR mutant-expressing tumor cells. Lazertinib may inhibit programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and inflammatory cytokines in specific cancer cells harboring certain EGFR mutations. Compared to some other EGFR inhibitors, lazertinib may have therapeutic benefits in tumors with T790M- or L858R-mediated drug resistance. In addition, lazertinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This agent shows minimal activity against wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR), and does not cause dose-limiting toxicities, which occur during the use of non-selective EGFR inhibitors and inhibit wtEGFR.
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is established==
*EGFR+ NSCLC
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2024-08-19: Approved in combination with amivantamab for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R substitution mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test. (Based on MARIPOSA)
==History of changes in KFDA indication==
*2021-01-18: Approved for the treatment of patients with EGFR T790M mutation-positive locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who have previously received EGFR-TKI therapy. (Based on LASER201)
==Also known as==
*Code names: GNS-1480, YH-25448
*Brand names: Lazcluze, Leclaza
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Mutation-specific medications
Category:EGFR inhibitors
Category:JAK3 inhibitors
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications
Category:KFDA approved in 2021
Category:FDA approved in 2024
Leiomyosarcoma - null regimens

The purpose of this page is to provide references to "null therapy" such as placebo and observation. These references provide further insight into the historical development of the treatment landscape. See the main LMS page for regimens that include active anticancer treatment.
=Adjuvant therapy=
==Observation==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence 	Comparator 	Comparative Efficacy
Pautier et al. 2012 (SARCGYN) 	2001-2009 	Phase 3 (C)	API 	Seems to have shorter DFS
Hensley et al. 2018 (GOG-0277)	2012-2016 	Phase 3 (C)	GD, then Doxorubicin	Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
No further treatment.
====Preceding treatment====
*GOG-0277: Hysterectomy
===References===
# SARCGYN: Pautier P, Floquet A, Gladieff L, Bompas E, Ray-Coquard I, Piperno-Neumann S, Selle F, Guillemet C, Weber B, Largillier R, Bertucci F, Opinel P, Duffaud F, Reynaud-Bougnoux A, Delcambre C, Isambert N, Kerbrat P, Netter-Pinon G, Pinto N, Duvillard P, Haie-Meder C, Lhommé C, Rey A; French Sarcoma Group. A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with localized uterine sarcomas (SARCGYN study). Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):1099-104. Epub 2012 Nov 8. link to original article EuroPMC NCT00162721
# GOG-0277: Hensley ML, Enserro D, Hatcher H, Ottevanger PB, Krarup-Hansen A, Blay JY, Fisher C, Moxley KM, Lele SB, Lea JS, Tewari KS, Thaker PH, Zivanovic O, O'Malley DM, Robison K, Miller DS. Adjuvant gemcitabine plus docetaxel followed by doxorubicin versus observation for high-grade uterine leiomyosarcoma: a phase III NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Nov 20;36(33):3324-30. Epub 2018 Oct 5. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT01533207
Category:Leiomyosarcoma regimens
Category:Disease-specific pages
Category:Soft tissue sarcomas
Category:Null regimens
Lenograstim (Granocyte)

This drug is not available in the United States but is available internationally.
==Diseases for which it is used==
Note that colony stimulating factors are used for their adjuvant effect e.g. removing leukemia stem cells from their protective niches; they are not thought to have inherent anti-cancer activity.
*Acute myeloid leukemia
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1991-10-11: EURD
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2022-06-20: New indication and a new dosage for use as an adjunctive therapy with antineoplastic agents for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Granocyte, Neutrogin
Category:Drugs
Category:Subcutaneous medications
Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors
Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications
Category:EMA approved in 1991
Category:PMDA approved drugs
Lepirudin (Refludan)

Discontinued by manufacturer in 2012
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Direct thrombin inhibitor, binds to thrombin and inhibits its effects of catalyzing the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, activation of protein C, and activation of coagulation factors V, VIII, and XIII.Lepirudin (Refludan) package insert Lepirudin (Refludan) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: IV
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Patient drug information==
*Lepirudin (Refludan) patient drug information (UpToDate)Lepirudin (Refludan) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Refludan
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anticoagulants
Category:Direct thrombin inhibitors
Category:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia medications (historic)
Category:Venous thromboembolism medications (historic)
Category:EMA approved in 1997
Category:FDA approved in 1998
Category:Discontinued drugs
Lerociclib (GB-491)

==Mechanism of action==
From NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) types 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, lerociclib selectively inhibits CDK4 and CDK6, which inhibits the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) early in the G1 phase, prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition and leads to cell cycle arrest. This suppresses DNA replication and decreases tumor cell proliferation.
==Preliminary data==
Note: This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of preliminary results. References included in this section include non-randomized studies published in high-profile journals (e.g., NEJM) and experimental arms of phase 3 RCTs. Inclusion here is not an indication of impending regulatory approval, although many of these drugs do end up receiving approval by a regulatory authority.
===Breast cancer, ER-positive===
#LEONARDA-1: Xu B, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Tong Z, Sun T, Shan C, Liu X, Yao Y, Zhao B, Wang S, Zeng X, Hu C, Yan X, Wang X, Jia H, Chen Z, Qiu F, Wu X, Zhang D, Li T. Lerociclib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on prior endocrine therapy: LEONARDA-1 a phase III randomized trial. Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 16;16(1):716. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT05054751
==Also known as==
*Code name: G1T38, GB-491
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:CDK4 inhibitors
Category:CDK6 inhibitors
Category:Breast cancer medications (investigational)
Category:Investigational drugs
Lestaurtinib (CEP-701)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally bioavailable indolocarbazole derivative with antineoplastic properties. Lestaurtinib inhibits autophosphorylation of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), resulting in inhibition of FLT3 activity and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells that overexpress FLT3.
==Also known as==
*Code name: CEP-701
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:FLT3 inhibitors
Category:JAK2 inhibitors
Category:Investigational drugs
Category:Stub
Levamisole (Ergamisol)

This agent is not commercially available in the United States and is included for historic purposes only.
==Diseases for which it was used==
*Colon cancer
*Breast cancer
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*1990-06-18: indicated as adjuvant treatment in combination with 5-fluorouracil after surgical resection in patients with Dukes' stage C colon cancer. (Based on Laurie et al. 1989 & SWOG S8591)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1966-06-14: EURD
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Ergamisol
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antihelminthic
Category:Breast cancer medications (historic)
Category:Colon cancer medications (historic)
Category:FDA approved in 1990
Category:EMA approved in 1966
Category:Discontinued drugs
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic often used as prophylaxis during anticipated neutropenic nadirs. No known antineoplastic properties.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Levaquin
==References==
# Bucaneve G, Micozzi A, Menichetti F, Martino P, Dionisi MS, Martinelli G, Allione B, D'Antonio D, Buelli M, Nosari AM, Cilloni D, Zuffa E, Cantaffa R, Specchia G, Amadori S, Fabbiano F, Deliliers GL, Lauria F, Foà R, Del Favero A; Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Infection Program. Levofloxacin to prevent bacterial infection in patients with cancer and neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 8;353(10):977-87. link to original article EuroPMC
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Fluoroquinolone
Category:FDA approved in 1996
Levoleucovorin (Fusilev)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Folic acid analog that is the pharmacologically active isomer of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (racemic d,l Leucovorin (Folinic acid)). Counteracts the effects of folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate, which acts by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase. Enhances the activity of Fluorouracil (5-FU) by inhibiting thymidylate synthase.Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) package insert Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) package insert (locally hosted backup)Fusilev manufacturer's website
Route: IV
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
Note: these are diseases where folinic acid is used as an adjuvant to Fluorouracil (5-FU), as opposed to an antidote as it is used in conjunction with Methotrexate (MTX)
*Cervical cancer ‎ 
*Cholangiocarcinoma
*Colorectal cancer
**Colon cancer
**Rectal cancer
*Esophageal cancer ‎
**Esophageal adenocarcinoma 
*Gastric cancer ‎ 
*Hepatocellular carcinoma ‎ 
*Pancreatic cancer ‎ ‎
*Small bowel adenocarcinoma
==Patient drug information==
*Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) package insert
*Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) patient drug information (UpToDate)Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2008-03-07: FDA approved "to diminish the toxicity and counteract the effects of impaired methotrexate elimination and of inadvertent overdosage of folic acid antagonists." "Levoleucovorin rescue is indicated after high-dose methotrexate therapy in osteosarcoma."
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2013-12-20: New additional indication and a new dosage for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer.
*2018-09-21: New indication and a new dosage for the treatment of small intestine cancer.
==Also known as==
*Generic name: levoleucovorin calcium
*Brand name: Fusilev, Isovorin, Khapzory
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Folic acid analog
Category:Chemotherapy protective agents
Category:Cervical cancer medications
Category:Cholangiocarcinoma medications
Category:Colon cancer medications ‎
Category:Colorectal cancer medications
Category:Esophageal adenocarcinoma medications
Category:Esophageal cancer medications
Category:Gastric cancer medications
Category:Hepatocellular carcinoma medications
Category:Pancreatic cancer medications
Category:Rectal cancer medications ‎
Category:Small bowel adenocarcinoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2008
Lifileucel (Contego)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A preparation of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), with potential antineoplastic activity. TILs are isolated from a patient's tumor tissue, cultured in vitro with high-dose interleukin-2 (lL-2), further selected based on antigen specificity and tumor reactivity, and the selected TILs are subsequently expanded. Upon re-introduction of lifileucel into the patient, the TILs re-infiltrate the tumor, specifically recognize the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and initiate tumor cell lysis. IL-2 induces the proliferation and expansion of TILs in vitro.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Melanoma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2024-02-16: Granted accelerated approval for adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma previously treated with a PD-1 blocking antibody, and if BRAF V600 positive, a BRAF inhibitor with or without a MEK inhibitor. (Based on C-144-01)
==Also known as==
*Code name: LN-144
*Brand name: Amtagvi, Contego
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Category:Melanoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2024
Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis - null regimens

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The purpose of this page is to provide references to "null therapy" such as placebo and observation. These references provide further insight into the historical development of the treatment landscape. See the main light-chain (AL) amyloidosis page for regimens that include active anticancer treatment.
=First-line therapy (including transplant ineligible)=
==No induction==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence 	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Huang et al. 2014 (NJCT-0703)	2009-2012 	Randomized Phase 2 (C)	BD 	Seems to have shorter OS
No induction prior to transplant.
====Subsequent treatment====
*High-dose melphalan with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant consolidation
===References===
# NJCT-0703: Huang X, Wang Q, Chen W, Zeng C, Chen Z, Gong D, Zhang H, Liu Z. Induction therapy with bortezomib and dexamethasone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation versus autologous stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of renal AL amyloidosis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med. 2014 Jan 6;12:2. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT01998503
==Placebo==
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence 	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Kyle et al. 1978	Not reported 	Randomized (C)	MP 	Shorter time on treatment
No active antineoplastic treatment.
===References===
# Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Primary systemic amyloidosis: comparison of melphalan and prednisone versus placebo. Blood. 1978 Oct;52(4):818-27. link to original article EuroPMC
Category:Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis regimens
Category:Disease-specific pages
Category:Plasma cell dyscrasias
Category:Null regimens
Links to companies with oncology-specific products

This is page links to various oncology-specific vendors. The majority of these vendors are for-profit entities; when a vendor is not-for-profit or open source, this will be noted. Please note that inclusion on this page is not an explicit or implicit endorsement of that vendor or their products. Also, this page is not a current priority and you may find links to be outdated or broken.
==Clinical oncology EMR products==
*Altai Oncology Solutions
*Ankhos (under private development)
*ARIA® Oncology Information System (Varian Medical Systems)
*Beacon Oncology Information System (Epic)
*CureMD Oncology EHR (CureMD Healthcare)
*EndoVault Oncology (EndoSoft)
*Enterprise EHR™ (Allscripts)
*GeniusDoc Oncology EHR (GeniusDoc)
*iKnowMed (McKesson Specialty Health)
*IntelliDose (IntrinsiQ, LLC)
*MEDITECH Oncology Management
*MOSAIQ® Integrated Oncology Management System (Elekta)
*ONCOCHART® (Bogardus Medical Systems)
*OncoEMR® (Altos Solutions a division of Flatiron Health, Inc.)
*PowerChart Oncology (Cerner)
*Practice Fusion (Practice Fusion)
*Smart Oncology Office (Smart ID Works)
==Laboratory (LIS) systems==
*Cerner:
**CoPathPlus
**PathNet
*Cortex Medical Management Systems
*ElDorado Donor® Blood management software system
*Epic Beaker
*Harris QuadraMed QCPR
*HemaTrax-Unity ISBT 128 blood bank label software
*McKesson NovoPath
*MEDITECH
*mTuitive, Inc. Pathology synoptic reporting specialists (including CAP eFRM software)
*Omnitech Labs, Inc.
*Orchard Pathology
*Psyche Systems WindoPath
*SCC Soft Computer
*StemLab Laboratory manufacturing software solution for cellular therapy
*Sunquest CoPathPlus and PowerPath
*Voicebrook
==Natural language processing (NLP) and analytics vendors==
*ArborMetrix
*Inspirata (f.k.a. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Inc.)
*FIGMD
*Flatiron Health
*Linguamatics
*NANTHEALTH
*PotentiaMED
*Remedy Informatics Ceased all analytics operations on October 21, 2014; website is now owned by Liaison Technologies, a cloud-based integration and data management platform.
==Pathway vendors==
*GenomOncology Precision Oncology Program
*McKesson
*NantHealth which acquired Eviti
*PathWare™ Decision Transaction Solutions
*Elsevier ClinicalPath (f.k.a. Via Oncology)
==Personalized somatic mutation testing==
*Foundation Medicine FoundationOne® for solid tumors and FoundationOne® Heme for hematologic malignancies
*Genomic Health Oncotype DX® Breast Cancer Assay, Oncotype DX® Colon Cancer Assay, Oncotype DX® Prostate Cancer Assay
*Insight Genetics
==Personalized germline genetic testing==
*23andMe
*Cartagenia
==Standards==
*FHIR® at HL7.org FHIR – Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources; standards framework created by HL7
==Other==
*BRIDG Project Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group (BRIDG) Model; structured information, relational database 
*CancerLinQ ASCO's rapid learning system
*ORIEN Oncology Research Information Exchange Network
*Velos Software vendor with multiple products, such as for clinical research and outcomes reporting.
Category:General reference pages
Category:Clinical pharmacology