nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Irina Overeem

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Floodplain Deposition Modeling: Time and Spatial Scale Issues=
Irina Overeem, CSDMS, University of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. irina.overeem@colorado.edu
Abstract:
Floodplain deposition maintains and builds up low-lying lands along rivers and in deltas. Floodplain aggradation processes and patterns determine how vulnerability of low-lying land changes over timescales of decades to hundreds of years. Over the longterm, floodplain deposition and channel migration determine the depositional architecture with impacts on groundwater and hydrocarbon reservoirs.
We build and enhanced a 3D floodplain architecture model, AquaTellUs. AquaTellUs uses a nested model approach; a 2D longitudinal profile, embedded as a dynamical flowpath in a 3D grid-based space. A main channel belt is modeled as a 2D longitudinal profile that responds dynamically to changes in discharge, sediment load and sea level. Sediment flux is described with a modified Exner equation by separate erosion and sedimentation components. Erosion flux along the main flowpath depends on river discharge and channel slope, and is independent of grain-size. Depositional flux along the channel path as well as in the lateral direction into the floodplain depends on the local stream velocity, and on grainsize-dependant settling rates. Multiple grainsize classes are independently tracked. Floodplain deposition is an event-driven system, only peak discharge events cause overbanking, flooding and perhaps channel avulsion. The computational architecture of AquaTellUs preserves stratigraphy by event, allowing for preservation of information of depositional layers of variable thickness and composition. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Jorge Trueba

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=A model framework for fluvial-delta evolution that accounts for the accumulation of organic sediment=
Jorge Lorenzo Trueba, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory Minneapolis Minnesota, USA. loren153@umn.eduVaughan Voller, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory Minneapolis Minnesota.Chris Paola, Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory Minneapolis Minnesota.
Abstract:
The evolution of fluvial deltas involves a complex web of processes, many of which are yet poorly understood. In particular, the role of organic matter (peat) accumulation on delta dynamics still remains elusive. Here, we present a simple geometric prism model that couples the evolution of the delta plain with the accumulation of organic-rich sediment. The model is able to explain the observed coupling between the accommodation/peat accumulation ratio and the quality of buried peat/coal deposits in the delta plain. Similarly to multiple modern and ancient organic-rich sedimentary environments, the model preserves the maximum volume fraction of organic sediment in the delta plain when the overall accommodation rate approximately equals the rate of peat accumulation. Further analysis of the model under simple scenarios of base-level rise and pivot subsidence shows that organic matter accumulation can either enhance or alleviate shoreline transgression. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Kim Picard

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=The complexity of modeling a glaciated shelf using SEDFLUX=
Kim Picard, Natural Resources Canada Sidney, Canada. kpicard@nrcan.gc.ca
Abstract:
The present study uses the Sedflux stratigraphic model to simulate the Late Pleistocene evolution of the Eastern Beaufort Continental Shelf, Canadian Arctic. During this period, the proximity and the dynamics of the Laurentide Ice Sheet created a complex glacial environment. Modeling such environments thus presents challenges. Modules and input parameters have to be able to simulate major fluctuations in sea-level and sediment supply, an ever evolving source of sediments, a large outwash plain, sudden outburst floods, permafrost aggradation, glacial isostasy, etc. In addition, detailed understanding of glacially-influenced environments in general and the glacial history of the local region specifically make it difficult to estimate parameters such as sediment supply. This poster thus presents the challenges and the potential solutions in using SEFLUX to simulate the stratigraphy of a glaciated shelf such as the Beaufort Shelf. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Larry Hinzman

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=The Need for System Scale Studies in Polar Regions=
Larry Hinzman, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska, USA. lhinzman@iarc.uaf.edu
Abstract:
The understanding of polar regions has advanced tremendously in the past two decades and much of the improved insight into our knowledge of environmental dynamics is due to multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies conducted by coordinated and collaborative research programs supported by national funding agencies. Although much remains to be learned with respect to component processes, many of the most urgent scientific, engineering and social questions can only be addressed through the broader perspective of studies on system scales. Questions such as quantifying feedbacks, understanding the implications of sea ice loss to adjacent land areas or society, resolving future predictions of ecosystem evolution or population dynamics all require consideration of complex interactions and interdependent linkages among system components. Research that has identified physical controls on biological processes, or quantified impact/response relationships in physical and biological systems is critically important, and must be continued; however we are approaching a limitation in our ability to accurately project how the Arctic and the Antarctic will respond to a continued warming climate. Complex issues, such as developing accurate model algorithms of feedback processes require higher level synthesis of multiple component interactions. Several examples of important questions that may only be addressed through systems analyses will be addressed. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Man Liang

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=A new channel-resolving reduced-romplexity model for sedimentary delta formation=
Man Liang, SAFL, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota, USA. liang095@umn.eduVaughan Voller, SAFL, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota, USA. volle001@umn.eduChris Paola, SAFL, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota, USA. cpaola@umn.edu
Abstract:
Sedimentary delta formation varies over a wide range of time and space scales. Reduced-complexity models offer a worthwhile means of retaining key dynamics and phenomena in delta morphodynamics through employing approximate but physically reliable descriptions of governing transport equations. To that end, we developed a cellular rule-based model, using a “directed” random-walk to determine the flow field, coupled with empirically based sediment transport schemes, following an Exner equation combining bedload and suspended load. Preliminary results provide physically reasonable 3-dimensional topographical features, as well as dynamic processes like channel avulsions and bifurcations. Stratigraphy is also recorded. The flexibility of the modeling framework makes each building block to be updated separately, which will allow for the ready extension to include additional phenomena such as waves and tides.
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Matthias Vanmaercke

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Predicting sediment yields from undisturbed catchments: the dominant role of tectonics=
Matthias Vanmaercke, K.U. Leuven Heverlee NO STATE, Belgium. Matthias.Vanmaercke@ees.kuleuven.beAlbert Kettner, CSDMS Boulder Colorado, USA.Miet Van Den Eeckhaut, JRC - Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit ISPRA (VA), ITALY. Jean Poesen, K.U.Leuven - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Heverlee, Belgium.Gerard Govers, K.U.Leuven - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Heverlee, Belgium.Anna Mamaliga, K.U.Leuven Leuven, Belgium.Gert Verstraeten, K.U.Leuven - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Heverlee, Belgium.Maria Radoane, University of Suceava Suceava, Romania. 
Abstract:
A major issue, hampering our understanding about the human impacts on sediment fluxes is our limited knowledge about the magnitude and controlling factors of catchment sediment yields (SY, t km-2 y-1) under ‘baseline’ conditions, i.e. the SY that could be expected from a catchment if it was unaffected by human impacts. To address this problem, a dataset was set up with measured SY-data from 146 catchments in Europe that are little or not affected by humans in terms of land use and have no significant reservoirs, lakes, impoundments or glaciers in their upstream area. The considered catchments span a wide range in catchment areas (0.3 – 4,000km2) and observed SY-values (0.5 – 3,100 t km-2 y-1). Analyses of these data indicates that climate exerts little control on the observed range of SY-values. However, strong correlations were found between SY and average catchment slope, lithology and tectonic activity (as derived from a globally available earthquake hazard map). Based on these findings, a regression model was developed that allows predicting baseline SY. Model calibration and validation results indicate that this model is able to provide robust approximations of the baseline SY, with >95% of predictions deviating less than one order of magnitude from the measured SY-values. This model can therefore significantly improve our understanding about the controlling factors of SY and their sensitivity to human impacts. However, it is also the first model that explicitly considers the effect of tectonic activity on catchment SY. Despite the relatively limited tectonic activity in many of these catchments, differences in earthquake sensitivity alone was found to explain already more than 40% of the observed variation in SY. Our results therefore illustrate that tectonic activity has a strong, but hitherto largely neglected, influence on SY. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Peter Burns

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Instabilities in particle-laden systems=
Peter Burns, UC - Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California, USA. pburns0423@gmail.comEckart Meiburg, UC - Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California, USA. meiburg@engineering.ucsb.edu
Abstract:
When a layer of particle-laden fresh water is placed above clear, saline water, both Rayleigh-Taylor and double-diffusive instabilities may arise. In the absence of salinity, the dominant parameter is the ratio of the particle settling velocity to the viscous velocity scale. As long as this ratio is small, particle settling has a negligible influence on the instability growth. However, when the particles settle more rapidly than the instability grows, the growth rate decreases inversely proportional to the settling velocity. In the presence of a stably stratified salinity field, this picture changes dramatically. An important new parameter is the ratio of the height of the nose region that contains both salt and particles to the thickness of the salinity interface. If this ratio is small (large) the dominant instability mechanism will be double-diffusive (Rayleigh-Taylor) dominant. In contrast to situations without salinity, particle settling can have a destabilizing effect and significantly increase the growth rate. Scaling laws obtained from the linear stability results are seen to be consistent with experimental observations and theoretical arguments put forward by other authors. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Ruth Mugford

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Modeling a Continuous Permafrost Basin on the North Slope of Alaska=
Ruth Mugford, University of Cambridge Cambridge NO STATE, U.K.. rm423@cam.ac.ukPoul Christoffersen, University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. pc350@cam.ac.ukJulian Dowdeswell, University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. jd16@cam.ac.uk
Abstract:
GEOtop 1.145 is used to model the thermal and hydrological state of the subsurface in the Kuparuk basin, Alaska. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model with coupled water and energy budgets. The surface energy balance scheme includes sensible, latent and radiative heat fluxes at the air-soil or air-snow interface. The subsurface represents heat fluxes in the vertical and water fluxes in the vertical and horizontal directions. The ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis product, which is used to force the model, is compared to meteorological and radiation data from the Kuparuk Basin and other stations on the North Slope of Alaska. The use of ERA-Interim reanalysis to force GEOtop enables large-scale simulations to be performed over areas where in situ meteorological data is sparse, such as the North Slope of Alaska. Model simulations forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis data are validated using borehole observations of soil temperature. Model results will be presented demonstrating the interactions between soil properties, snow cover, vegetation and climate.
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Sagy Cohen

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Improved water discharge predictions in WBMsedv2.0, a Global riverine Sediment Flux model=
Sagy Cohen, CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. Fei.Xing@colorado.eduAlbert Kettner, CSDMS - INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. kettner@colorado.eduJames Syvitski, CSDMS - INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. james.syvitski@colorado.edu
Abstract:
WBMsed is a spatially and temporally explicit global riverine model predicting suspended and bedload sediment fluxes based on the WBMplus water balance and transport model (part of the FrAMES biogeochemical modeling framework). The model incorporates climate input forcings to calculate surface and subsurface runoff for each grid cell. The prediction of fluvial sediment fluxes is highly dependent on how well its transport medium, riverine water, is simulated. Our analyses indicate that average water discharges are well predicted by the WBMplus model. However, daily freshwater predictions are often over or under predicted by up to an order of magnitude, significantly affecting the accuracy of sediment flux simulation capabilities of WBMsed and indicating that certain hydrological processes are less captured within the model. One of these processes could be temporal storage of water discharge on floodplains, dampening the water hydrograph significantly. In WBMsedv2.0 we incorporate a floodplain reservoir component to improve daily water discharge simulations. The Floodplain reservoir component is used in WBMsedv2.0 to store overbank water flow which are refurbished back to the river once its water level has subsided. Here we compare two methods for determining overbank flow: (1) the log-Pearson III (flood frequency analysis) 5-year maximum discharge recurrence and (2) an empirical relationship between mean river discharge and river width and bank height. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Stefano Zanardo

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=A wavelet-based DEM regularization methodology aimed at improving distributed rainfall-runoff modeling=
Stefano Zanardo, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota, United States. szanardo@umn.eduVahid Nourani, University of Tabriz, IranEfi Foufoula-Georgiou, University of Minnesota, USA. 
Abstract:
In this study, a methodology based on a multi-resolution wavelet analysis is introduced to extract a regularized topographic index (TI) distribution from a high-resolution DEM (digital elevation model). The methodology is a promising method to deal with common problems in hydrological applications of high-resolution DEMs, which usually contain noise, pits and redundant information. Formation of several unconnected saturated zones is a particular case of such problems when TOPMODEL is employed for simulation of hydrological processes within a basin. The proposed method includes four steps. The first two steps are used for smoothing and de-noising purposes and include decomposition of the original DEM into multi-level sub-signals by 2-dimentional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and thresholding of the wavelet coefficients. In the next step, the original smoothed and filtered DEM is reconstructed using inverse DWT. Finally, the TI distribution and its information content are computed. The computed information content is used as a metric to identify an optimal TI distribution which contains reasonable topography information in the absence of noise and redundancy. Application of the procedure to 1-m resolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) DEM of the Elder Creek River watershed via the TOPMODEL framework indicates its filtering ability to smooth and connect the saturated areas during the hydrological process. In addition to the rainfall-runoff modeling, the proposed pre-processing technique may be applied wherever a high-resolution DEM is employed for distributed simulation of hydro-environmental processes. 
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Stephanie Higgins

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=A new channel-resolving reduced-romplexity model for sedimentary delta formation=
Stephanie Higgins, CSDMS - INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. Stephanie.Higgins@colorado.eduJames Syvitski, CSDMS - INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. james.syvitski@colorado.eduIrina Overeem, CSDMS - INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado Boulder Colorado, USA. irina.overeem@colorado.edu
Abstract:
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CSDMS 2011 annual meeting poster Ted Lewis

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<FONT style="FONT-SIZE:10pt" color="#ffffff">Presentation provided during CSDMS annual meeting 2011</font>
=Using the Flood Early Warning System with Ocean Modeling Data=
Ted Lewis, Deltares-USA Silver Spring Maryland, United States. <Small>ted.lewis@deltares-usa.us</small>Edwin Welles, Deltares-USA Silver Spring Maryland, United States. Edwin.Welles@deltares-usa.usPeter Gijsbers, Deltares-USA Silver Spring Maryland, United States. peter.gijsbers@deltares-usa.us
Abstract:
The Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) was designed as a hydrologic forecasting and warning system. A major design philosophy of FEWS is to use an open infrastructure to facilitate data import, manipulation, and export from a wide –and expanding – number of data sources. The same can be said of the models that FEWS communicates with. This open infrastructure allows FEWS to be used with novel data sources and models. Given its proven history in hydrologic forecasting, this makes FEWS well suited to modeling and forecasting fluvial influence on coastal and marine systems.
Here we present an example of how FEWS can be extended to use oceanographic data. Our example forecasts stage in the Potomac River, where storm surges, especially during hurricanes, can cause flooding in a densely populated area. We use gridded data from the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). Data from the Chesapeake Bay Regional Ocean Modeling System (ChesROMS), posted to an OpenDAP server, were accessed from within FEWS. FEWS was used to manipulate the ChesROMS data. For example, the ChesROMS data are disaggregated to produce a time step consistent with available discharge time series, and point data are extracted from the ChesROMS grid at river monitoring sites. The model HEC-RAS is then used to forecast water heights given inputs of stage and discharge. This example illustrates the flexibility of FEWS, and its ability to be used in new areas. 
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