nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Kusu (Camphor tree) - right (114 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_05-29-2009_114.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 114
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (114 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| yellow ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 樟 : Kusu
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Camphor Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The lighter color of the M.85.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Kuwa (Mulberry tree) - center (285 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_08-13-2009_285.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 285
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (285 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale yellowish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 桑 : Kuwa
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Mulberry tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Morus australis Poir. (M. bombycis Koidz.)
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| bark /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| ash water (separate bath)
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The fabric was soaked into 1) dye bath; and 2) ash water bath. This dyeing technique should be "Kuwa ()" in the Ebukuryo (), from the 8th century. AD, Japan; and "Kuwa-bara no sato ()" in the Harima fdo-ki (), 8th century. AD, Japan.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto Murasakino
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Kyanite

== Description ==
A natural bluish-green aluminum silicate mineral. Kyanite has transparent, triclinic long-bladed crystals that appear fibrous or blade-like. It is a common mineral; most of the world's production is from mines in India, Kenya, Ural Mountains, Austria, Italy (Trentino), Switzerland, France and the United States (Massachusetts, Connecticut, North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia). Some clear blue kyanite crystals have been used as gemstones. Kyanite powder, obtained from Florida beach sands, is used for glassmaking and ceramics. Since kyanite is refractory, it is commonly used for lining furnaces. A synthetic kyanite, called Cerox ceramic, is also used for furnace parts.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
yanite; disthene; rhoetizite; Cerox ceramic; aluminum silicate; Kyanit (Deut.); Cyanit (Deut.); cianite (It., Port.); kyaniet (Ned.)
==Risks==
* Kyanite Mining: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Triclinic system with columnar, fibrous or bladed crystals
* Luster = vitreous to pearly 
* Fracture = splintery 
* Streak = white 
* Cleavage is perfect lengthwise and good in another direction 
* Mohs hardness is 4-5 lengthwise and 6-7 crosswise.
* Fluorescence = weak red under LW
* Pleochroism = trichroic; moderate intensity; usually colorless, dark blue and violet
Composition 	Al2O3.SiO3
Mohs Hardness 	4 - 7 (directional)
Melting Point 	3290 C
Density 	3.56-3.67 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.71; 1.72; 1.73
Birefringence 	0.012 - 0.017
==Resources and Citations==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Mineralogy Database: Kyanite
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "kyanite" [Accessed December 4, 2001].
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyanite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 434
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Kyanize

== Description ==
Wood that has been saturated with a mercuric chloride preservative. While mercuric chloride is an effective fungicide and insecticide, it is highly toxic to humans.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kyanise
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption.
* ThermoFisher: SDS for mercuric chloride
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Kymene 557

== Description ==
[Solenis, formerly Hercules Inc] A polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin, a high efficiency, cationic resin that functions under acid or alkaline papermaking conditions. Kymene is used to add wet strength to paper with out changing its pH. Hercules filed its first patent for PAE resin in 1957 and then introduced it to the market as KymeneTM 557 wet-strength resin. Although Kymene 557H is used primarily to impart wet strength, it has several other important applications in papermaking such as retention, drainage, and flotation aid. However, since some byproducts of the PAE process were determined to be carcinogenic, a series of second generation PAE technologies — Kymene SLX — were launched in 1990. Later high filtration membrane separation technology made it possible to manufacture higher-solids, higher-efficiency wet-strength resins with very low concentrations of reaction by-products.
2010
The G1 portfolio gets updated to have much lower 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Kymene 557H wet-strength resin; Kymene SLX; Kymene ULX; Kymene 5720
==Risks==
* Portland Clean Air: Kymene 557H SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Solenis: History of Kymene
* Solenis: Kymene wet strength additives
Category:Materials database
Kynar

== Description ==
[Arkema, formerly Atofina Chemicals, France] A registered trademark for a hard, white thermoplastic resin composed of Polyvinylidene fluoride. The Kynar compounds are advertised as conductive, high modulus, pigmented, low shrink, and flame retardant.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiKYNAR.jpg~FTIR]]]
* Kynar® Homopolymer Series (Both standard and high whiteness)
* Kynar Flex® Copolymer Series
* Kynar Flex® and Kynar® ADX Powder Coating Resins
* Kynar 500® and Kynar Aquatec® Construction Coating Resins (visit www.kynar500.com or www.kynaraquatec.com)
* Kynar® PGM TR Multilayer Films
* Kynar Flex®, Kynar ADS® II, and Kynar SL® II Solution Resins
==Resources and Citations==
* Arkema: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 851
Category:Materials database
Kynol

== Description ==
[American Kynol] A registered trademark for a flame resistant thermoset novoloid fiber composed of a phenolic resin. Kynol was developed in 1968 by Carborundum, then licensed to Nippon Kynol and American Kynol for production. The fibers are inert to all solvents and have fair resistance to acids and alkalis. Kynol is used in spacecraft and for flameproof clothing.
== Risks ==
Flame-resistant.
==Resources and Citations==
* Kynol: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996 Comment: produced by Gunei Chemical Industry in Japan and sold by American Kynol
Category:Materials database
LCC

= Leather Conservation Centre =
The Leather Conservation Centre (LSS) was established in 1978 as a non-profit-making organisation with charitable status offering world-wide service in leather conservation. The Centre undertakes practical conservation, training, research and analysis, consultancy work, and produces a wide-ranging series of publications on all aspects of leather conservation. Its principal activity of fee-earning practical conservation work covers a wide range of historical items, including decorated screens, wall-hangings, car and carriage upholstery, harness and saddlery, costume, and archaeological and ethnographic items.
Web Address 	http://www.buildingconservation.com/directory/4h102.htm
Postal Address	Leather Conservation Centre
University College Campus
Boughton Green Road
Moulton Park
NorthamptonNN2 7AN
England
Phone 	01604 719766
Fax 	01604 719649
Contact 	lcc@northampton.ac.uk
Searchable 	No
Category:Directory
LNEC

= Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (National civil engineering laboratory) =
"The Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) is a public institution of science and technology covering the broad field of civil engineering. The LNEC was created in 1946 and was a result of the merger between the Laboratory for Testing and Study of Materials of the Ministry for Public Works and the Centre for Civil Engineering Studies based at the Technical University of Lisbon. This twofold aspect, covering research and experimental work, shaped decisively LNEC's future development. Major objectives of LNEC's activity are innovation by the implementation of four year research plans, application of new technologies in studies under contract with a view to solve specific problems within the framework of civil engineering and the building construction industry and diffusion in technical and scientific circles of the results of its activities." (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.lnec.pt/?set_language=en
Postal Address 	LNEC
Av. Brasil 101
1700-066 Lisboa
Portugal
Phone 	351 218443000
Fax 	351 218443011
Searchable 	No
Website Languages	English
Portugese
== Comments ==
Numerous books, reports, and material standards may be purchased onlineCategory:Directory
LOC Preservation

= Library Of Congress Preservation Directorate =
The Library Of Congress Preservation Directorate is a government-funded public service organization that provides information on the care, handling, and storage of historical collections. Reference information is available through the website.
Web Address 	http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/
Postal Address 	Library of Congress Preservation Directorate
101 Independence Ave, SE
Washington, D.C. 20540-4500
USA
Phone 	+1 202 707 5213
Fax 	+1 202 707 3434
Contact 	nppo@loc.gov
Information Online	Courses / workshops
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Archived information
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Online Library reference service called Ask A Librarian Large number of reference sources available regarding conservation of specific materials. Supply catalog provides specifications for selection of materials.Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
LRMH

= Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques - LRMH (French Research Laboratory on Historical Buildings =
The Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH) is dedicated to studies concrning 1) component materials of the cultural heritage : wood, stone, concrete, metals, paints and polychromies on wood and stone, textiles and glass 2) alteration phenomenons which endanger their conservation : alterations due to natural ageing, weather environment, pollution, micro-organisms; 3) conservation treatments to be implemented; 4) conservation conditions of historical buildings and the artefacts which are kept inside, preventive conservation.
Web Address 	http://www.lrmh.fr/lrmh/html/accueil.htm
Postal Address 	LRMH
29, rue de Paris
F - 77420 - Champs-sur-Marne
France
Phone 	33 (0)1.60.37.77.80
Fax 	33 (0)1.60.37.77.99
Contact 	infos@lrmh.fr
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Conferences / seminars
Publications viewable online
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	General
Analysis / Research
Website Languages 	French
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
Category:Directory: Analysis / Research
LabS TECH

= Laboratories on Science and Technology for the conservation of European Cultural Heritage =
LabS TECH (Laboratories on Science and Technology for the Conservation of European Cultural Heritage) is a European Infrastructure Cooperation Network with Improving Human Potential in the 5th European Framework Programme (2001-2004). It was coordinated by the Interuniversity Consortium on Science and Technology of Materials & the University of Perugia (Italy). The Network is established among many internationally distinguished European laboratories working in the field of scientific and technological applications to the study of cultural heritage. The initiative has the goal to realize an effective complementarity among them to be realized through interchanging of know-how and joining of resources. 
Note: Labs TECH evolved into EU-ARTECH in 2004.
Web Address 	http://www.chm.unipg.it/chimgen/LabS-TECH.html
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Conservation Science
Website Languages	English
== Additional information ==
B.G. Brunetti, Science and technology for the conservation of the European cultural heritage, EUR 20483
== Comments ==
LabS Tech: European Laboratories Database (contains information on the participating institutions along with their contacts, research interests, and analytical capabilities, proceedings of technical meetings, databases…
Last updated in 2004)Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
Labarraque's solution

== Description ==
A strong bleach solution composed of 4% sodium hypochlorite in water. Labarraque's solution also contains about 1% sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate as a stabilizer. Once widely used, the pale green, chlorine-smelling liquid has now been replaced by bleaching powder and Clorox®.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
eau de Labarraque; Javelle water
== Resources and Citations ==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Labdanum

== Description ==
A resinous pitch obtained from leaves of evergreen shrubs of the Cistus genus native to the Mediterranean region. It was historically used in herbal medicine and is still used in the preparation of some perfumes and vermouths. Examples are:
* Cistus creticus (may be Levantine myrrh) - native to Syria, Palestine, Lebanon.
* Cistus ladanifer - native to Spain and northwest Africa.
* Cistus laurifolius - native to Asia Minor and the Balkans.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
labdano (Esp.); ladanum; ladan; ladanon
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Serpico, R.White, "Resins, Amber and Bitumen" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 430-474.
Category:Materials database
Label paper

== Description ==
Any of several paper types coated on one side with an adhesive. Labels often have a smooth upper surface that may have been printing, embossed or varnished. The adhesive may be a water activated gum or a pressure sensitive type. Early English labels, made from thin sections of leather in the late 17th century, were developed to replace direct lettering on the spines of books. Paper labels came into use in the late 18th century.
Category:Materials database
Labradorite

== Description ==
A hard, dense grayish-brown plagioclase feldspar quarried on Saint Paul Island, Labrador, Canada (Lent 1925). Labradorite also comes in a pale turquoise, bright orange, soft pink and strong blue colors that, when iridescent, are called sunstones. Labradorite has been used for interior decoration and gemstones.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
labradorite (Port.); spectrolite (variety found in Finland); sunstone (when aventurescence is present)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|LabradoriteRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Triclinic prismatic crystals
* Cleavage = perfect in two directions (90 degrees)
* Fracture = uneven to conchoidal
* Luster = vitreous to pearly
* Streak = white
* Pleochroism = variable; sometimes due to crystal orientation
* Fluorescence = inert to weak in LW
* Inclusions = repeated twinning; black-needle-like inclusions; metallic-like platelets
Mohs Hardness 	6.0-6.5
Density 	2.71-2.74 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.559-1.568
Birefringence 	0.009
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Wikipedia: Labradorite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005 and Dec 2022)
Category:Materials database
Laburnum

== Description ==
A small lilac-like tree with yellow flowers, Laburnum anagyroides, most often cultivated as an ornamental tree. Laburnum wood is brown with yellow streaks and has been used for inlays and as a substitute for ebony.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
common laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides); alpine laburnum (Laburnum alpinum); Voss's laburnum (Laburnum watereri); golden chain tree; goldenchain; guldregn (Dan.); goldregen (Deut.); cytise (Fr.); Cytise faux ébénier (Fr.); Aubour(Fr.); goudenregen (Ned.); maggiociondolo (It.)
== Risks ==
All parts of this plant are toxic; consumption may be fatal.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Small tree to 5-7 m. 
* Bark = smooth greenish brown; some splits occurring with age. 
* Leaves = alternate trifoliate. 
* Flower = bright yellow hanging clusters (10-30 cm long) occurring in early spring 
* Fruit = flat pod in clusters, brown when ripe in early fall.
* Color= Heartwood ranges from an orangish brown to a darker violet brown, darkening with age. Sapwood is a pale yellow.
* Grain = usually straight with fine, even texture
==Working Properties==
* Generally easy to work. 
* An excellent turning wood, and is also favored for carving as well.
* Endgrain slices of Laburnum are sometimes used in making a decorative “oyster veneer” pattern for use in furniture.
==Resources and Citations==
* The Wood Database: Laburnum
* Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Golden Chain,Laburnum anagyroides Med.
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laburnum (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Lac

== Description ==
A resinous substance excreted by the female of the lac insect, Laccifer lacca, native to India. The insects primarily deposit lac on the twigs and soft new branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees, such as the sacred fig, Ficus religiosa, found in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in southeast Asia. Lac was used as early as about 1200 BCE in India. Shellac and lac dye were imported to Europe in the 17th century. The resin coated twigs, also called sticklac, undergoes several processing steps to extract useful components. Lac is used in the manufacture of varnishes (shellac), sealing wax (lac wax) and red colorants (lac dye).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Laccifer lacca; Coccus lacca; gomme laque (Fr.); laca (Esp., Port.); lacca (It); lac resin; sticklac; lack; lacca; shellac
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: insect = Tacchardia lacca; gives 16c as first use in Europe
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 705
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: insect = Coccus lacca
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982 Comment: insect = Coccus lacca
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "lac" [Accessed February 6, 2003]; insect = Laccifer lacca; gives 17th c. for first use in Europe
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"; insect = Kerria lacca
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lac-dye - center (304 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_09-10-2009_304.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 304
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 4th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (304 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| reddish pink
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| ラックダイ : Lac-dye
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Lac dye
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| resinous secretion developed by the scale insect Kerria lacca
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| Extracted dye compounds and alum absorbed in cotton batting
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| soaked in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum (originally contained in the dye extract)
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| vinegar
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The Enji-wata () a cotton wool containing extracted dye compounds of lac dye and alum. The resultant colors of those dyed with this extract and those with the raw material would be similar. (Kirinketsu-zome) recorded in a manuscript from the Tempyo period (8th century AD), Japan is considered to be a dyeing technique with lac dyes. The resultant color was similar to that of cochineal dyeing, but was more purple.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive