Lost Media

: Not to be confused with lost episode, a genre of creepypasta.
Lost media is a term used to refer to media that is unavailable or inaccessible to a wide audience, or no longer exists. This can encompass art, literary works, games, music, software, and more. Fanworks can also become lost media (see Lost Works). A piece of media becoming lost can occur for any number of reasons, including media degradation, accident, deliberate destruction, and more.
With the advent of the Internet, lost media has captured the attention of members of various fandoms. This is due to the rise of interest in preserving works, as well as the ability to conduct coordinated efforts online. Preservationists will conduct searches, document information about the work, and more. Some preservationists release the media online if found. 
Lost works should not be confused with orphaned works, which are deliberately gifted to the commons. Lost works create gaps within fandom archives. Empty spaces where the primary works no longer exist and only the metadata remains.
==Lost Media as a Trope==
Lost media is often used as a trope, particularly with videography and horror. A lost episode is a genre of creepypasta in which a piece of lost footage is discovered by the reader or character. For example, watching an episode of a real or imaged cartoon on television that scared or traumatized the character, but which can no longer be found. In 2023 Welcome Home became a popular lost media alternate reality game based on the artist partycoffin's "found" art from a "lost" cartoon series.
Found Footage is a genre of horror, potentially made mainstream by the Blaire Witch Project from 1999. The found footage genre uses a broken 4th wall to increase the fear factor, such as suggesting the "found footage" is real lost media that has been rediscovered, rather than part of a film or art project. The found footage genre often makes use of handheld cameras, webcams, and security cameras, giving the footage a low fidelity appearance for authenticity.
Analogue horror often encompasses aspects of both lost episodes and found footage, but more often has a focus on VHS tape style video graphics, as if recorded on tape and later rediscovered. Analogue horror is usually uploaded to YouTube as a series of short videos and is sometimes a multimedia project, such as the analogue horror series The Mandela Catalogue which has an accompanying indie video game called Maple County.
==Lost Media by Website==
===The Lost Works of AO3===
Archive of Our Own was built to be a repository of fan works, primarily fanfiction, but it does not host all media types. Works that are not text, such as audio, video, photos, media feeds, and physical objects can not be hosted on the site. Despite this, fans have found ways to place these objects in the archive by linking images, audio, or video within the fan pages. When the sites which do host this content change, often the links fail and the work becomes lost.
===The Audiofic Archive===
Many factors can lead to the loss of fanworks including crashing of servers, loss of accounts, the sale or failure of hosting websites, and even deliberate damage by hacking. One such loss occurred when the Audiofic Archive went down in 2017. Damage to the archives led to a disconnect between the backend storage and the index. Although efforts were made to relink or reupload these works, many may be permanently lost.
===YouTube===
YouTube has gone through a number of changes that led to purges of fan content and fandom creators. Fanvids in particular are subject to inconsistent content enforcement meaning that one work may remain on the site while a similar work or author may be removed.
===Self-Deleted Works===
Other works are lost when a creator deletes their works, but references to those works remain. This can happen when an author writes a proprietary novel and the publisher insists that they remove the original fan work it is based on. When works are pulled to publish they become lost to the commons.
==Discussions on Lost Media Preservation==
===Website Changes That Lead to Lost Works===
Some works are lost when terms of service are changed, or websites are sold. For example,
Photobucket and tinypic once hosted free content, but once sold they required annual fees that ended up leading authors to remove or rehost content. 
Terms of service changes can ban content that was formerly acceptable. Often the creators of the content do not even know that their work is lost, and sometimes the works are lost forever.
The great tumblr purge of 2018 led many fan creators to move or delete their works entirely, especially explicit or mature fan art. The transfer of works from one site to a new site can also damage connections and cause deletion of website specific data, such as hashtag dialog, that is not easily downloadable.
In “The Meta - a podcast about podcasts, Episode 6: A Brief Timeline of the Homestuck Fandom” they discussed how the closing down of the website, TinDeck caused the loss of a great number of Homestuck audioworks. Although a fan had stored a copy, for a period of time, to much of the fandom, these works were lost.
===The Dilemma of Preservation===
One problem with fanworks is not only how to preserve these works, but whether they should be preserved. Many a person has posted content as a youth that they regretted when they got older. Should we simply allow those works to be lost?
The problem is that once something is released into the commons, it may come to have value to others. So, is it fair for one person to control whether others can continue to enjoy it? 
Discussions of this type can be found in other Fanlore articles including the following:
* Death of the author
*Digitally Archiving Print Zines and Other Fanworks
===Finding Lost Works===
Online archiving tools can be of use for finding missing fanworks; many deleted fics and works of art can be found via the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine. However, these archiving sites have limits. They are often unable to capture audio or video, meaning that podfics and fanvids are typically not saved by them. These archiving tools may also only capture some of a work, in the case of multi-part works; if only one chapter of a two-chapter fic is saved, the fic is still partially lost. 
Some fans download certain fanworks to view offline, and others proactively download works they like to prevent them from becoming lost. Other fans may be able to find lost works by asking around to see if anyone has a copy. 
The Lost Media Wiki is a wikipedia devoted to lost works. 
== Examples of lost media and fandom ==
*Probably one of the most well known examples in fandom of lost media are the 97 missing episodes of the early eras of classic Doctor Who, after the BBC themselves wiped many of the films for reuse. However, Doctor Who was not the only BBC show to suffer with this issue, with episodes of Z-Cars, Dad's Army, The Quatermass Experiment and Top of the Pops, among many others, also having been lost.
*ITV also followed this practise in the 60s and 70s too. The Avengers and Tiswas were two such shows that were affected by this.
* BeyWheelz: Powered by Beyblade and BeyWarriors: BeyRaiderz were spin-offs of Beyblade following the end of Beyblade Shogun Steel. Beywheelz debuted in August 2012 and BeyRaiderz in January 2014 for North American audiences but then disappeared without premiering in Japanese. The series did receive an Italian dub, however, that had the credits for the Japanese cast. Through fan efforts, the Japanese dub was recovered in 2018 and uploaded to bilibili with Japanese audio and Chinese subtitles.
* BeyWarriors: Cyborg was another Beyblade spin-off, in the same series as BeyRaiderz and BeyWheelz. An English dub aired in English speaking countries in Asia in 2015, and received no official home release, causing the majority of episodes to be lost. Through fan efforts, 3 episodes of the dub have been found in full and 12 have been partially recovered.
===Lost Fanworks===
*The Only Thing that Shines, a Qui-Gon/Obi-Wan story by Rose. It was hosted in thesleepydragon.com archive, which can't be accessed anymore, not even using archive.org
*Moa810's fanworks of Mettablook were deleted without archival when they started working on the official Japanese translation of Undertale. Most of these were hosted on Moa's twitter, which has since been purged of all tweets pre-2017.
*My Man Friday, an early Snarry story by Enahma. The story got Taken offline by the author, who also deleted archive.org captures. There's a translation to Spanish and another one to Russian still available but the original fic written by the author is no longer online (althought still shared among fans privately).
*The Master's Musings MMOM Day 1 to 31, a Qui-Gon/Obi-Wan story by Mali Wane. Deleted off the internet and archive.org. Only a fragment of the first drabble survives.
*Lessons From a God, a frostiron fic by Malkavia30, got deleted without warning after chapter 109.See: on Frost-Iron's tumblr
*The Simarillion by Mary Jean Holmes, Lord of the Rings-themed custom content for The Sims that's only partially archived.
* Brutal Truths was a Qui-Gon/Obi-Wan fic previously accessible via the Master & Apprentice archive. It is currently not accessible via the Wayback Machine and is not in the Master & Apprentice archive's AO3 collection. 
* I'll Be There was a Starsky & Hutch slashfic posted in 1999, which has since become lost. The fic is survived by a long review which goes into extensive detail about the story. 
* The Madness of Angels by ayalesca was a noted work in the Sherlock fandom. It was a 2014 Holmsies Award nominee. It was removed from the internet by its author, and has been lost to the fandom.
*SMPRonpa: Survival of the Fittest was an infamous SMPLive/Danganronpa crossover fanfiction from 2019 that was deleted by its author following one of the featured creators singling it out in a stream, leading to harassment.
*Golden Aegean Sea (金色爱琴海 in Chinese) was an otome Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas fangame. While there are screenshots and gameplays of it if one searches for them, the .exe file is impossible to find now.
===Lost Archives===
*The Official Malastare stories was a Star Wars fanfiction website.
*The Hidden Realm was a Star Wars fanfiction website.
*Strictly Duncan Methos Archive was a Highlander fanfiction archive.
===Lost Fannish Resources===
*The Crafting System, fandom themed podcast.
*Unfiction, panfandom forum centered around emergent Alternate Reality Games, cross-media, and its namesake genre.
*A collection of works that have been lost on AO3
==References==