nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Futures Magazine

Established in 1972, Futures Magazine is a defunct print and online publication that served the derivatives industry. Dan Collins was its last editor-in-chief.
Futures Magazine has had several owners over the years, starting as a magazine with Merrill Oster. More recently the magazine has been owned by Summit Business Media, Highline Media and Adams Business Media. In February of 2013, Futures Magazine and its digital properties, including Futuresmag.com, ResourceInvestor.com and all related e-newsletters were acquired by newly formed media company The Alpha Pages, LLC.
Futures was purchased by Highline Media from Adams Business Media in 2005, and in November of 2006, Highline was acquired by Summit Business Media. 
Futures Magazine is written for traders who use commodity and financial futures, options, stocks and forex markets to make money. The magazine's purpose is to educate traders and advance that knowledge as they grow. There is a focus on analyzing global markets both technically and fundamentally and providing information on price movement, volatility and future trends.
== History ==
The original concept for the publication began with Leon Rose and Mort Baratz, creators of Managed Account Reports. Merrill Oster purchased the newsletter of "Futures" (formerly “Commodities”) and turned it into a magazine that covered mainly the commodity markets. As a farmer, journalist and trader, he combined talents to grow a business that was vertically integrated into the entire futures industry. In 1983, with the growth of financial futures contracts, the magazine’s name was changed to Futures. Highline Media purchased Futures Magazine Group in October 2005.
Since its start the magazine has grown to cover not only the futures markets, but options, forex and stock markets, as well. It is distributed world wide and covers not only all markets, but all geographical centers, with correspondents both in Europe and Asia. 
In February of 2009, it was announced that had teamed up with InXpo, a firm focused on privately-branded virtual events, to produce their series of Futures I-Trade shows. These shows offer traders strategies for navigating today's challenging markets. They held two of these events in May and December of 2008 and will repeat these again this year. Their next event is slated for May 19th-20th of 2009. 
Dan Collins served as managing editor of Futures Magazine in the years immediately prior to its acquisition by The Alpha Pages, LLC. He returned to Futures in 2013 and replaced Ginger Szala.
Other alumni of the magazine include Ginger Szala, James Holter, Carla Cavaletti, and Jim Kharouf.
== References ==
Category:News Companies
Category:Magazines
Category:Futures Magazine
Futures account

Futures traders must open a futures account with an amount of money deemed appropriate by a particular brokerage firm. The amount of money to be carried in a futures account varies by firm. Although a securities customer could potentially open a futures account with his or her securities firm, that firm would require a designation of being a futures commission merchant. Additionally, a broker dealing with futures customers is required to hold a "Series 3" registration, which qualifies him or her to transact futures business for futures customers.
When opening a futures trading account, a number of documents -- including risk disclosure documents -- must be signed by the customer before he or she can begin trading. 
As a normal course, before you open a futures account, your futures broker will ask you to sign documents acknowledging: 
* that you realize that futures trading could involve risk of loss 
* that because low futures margins normally are required, price changes could result in losses which could exceed your margin (also known as performance bond)
* that you know that if you are trading electronically, that there could be risk associated with technical problems, system capacity issues and the like
*how your account is to be handled by the broker.
There may be other documents, as well. 
== References ==
 
Category:Futures
Futures and Options Associaton

The London-based Futures and Options Association (FOA) is the main industry body for the derivatives industry in Europe, with 175 members drawn from banks, brokerages and other financial institutions, exchanges and professional services firms.
In March of 2014, FOA became FIA Europe as part of the creation of FIA Global, a joint initiative between the UK-based FOA and Washington, DC-based FIA.
== History ==
== Services ==
The FOA lobbies regulators and government bodies to improve the regulatory environment for businesses active in the derivatives sector, and develops guidelines and standard industry documentation. The association also acts as an industry forum and organizes training workshops and industry conferences.
== Leadership ==
*Steve Sparke was elected chairman in July 2007 following Roy Leighton’s retirement.
== Membership ==
*A-Z membership list
== Events and Publications ==
The FOA organizes the International Derivatives Week in London each June, in partnership with the FIA. Other events include the annual City Debate and the IDX International Derivatives Expo.
== External Links ==
*European Parliamentary Financial Services Forum
*Futures Industry Association
Category:Industry Associations
Category:FOA
Category:FIA
Futures broker

A futures broker is a person or organization who places buy and sell orders on behalf of clients for commodity options or futures contracts. The term is descriptive but generic. The National Futures Association has three specific types of futures brokers that it recognizes and licenses:
* A Floor Broker, which is a person who buys or sells futures contracts and options for others;
* An Introducing Broker, which is a person or organization who may place trade directions on behalf of others, but may not accept or hold funds to support the clients' trades;
* A Futures Commission Merchant, which is a person or organization that places trade directions on behalf of others, and accepts and holds funds that support the clients' trades.
Category:Definitions
Futures clearing

The presence of a futures clearing house (or clearing division) is a crucial facility when it comes to performance guarantees. The clearing house's function -- to be the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer -- is in stark contrast to over-the-counter transactions; transactions between two private parties, with no clearing organization to stand between them to ensure performance of the agreement, can potentially leave a trader at risk for default. 
A futures clearing house also tracks traders’ profits and losses on a daily basis -- during volatile markets, sometimes twice a day -- to assure that their accounts are credited and debited accurately. 
If losses bring a trader’s futures account down to a certain predetermined level, the brokerage firm makes a margin call, known as maintenance margin, and the trader is required to bring the account value back up to the initial margin level. This is called mark-to-market, and it offers traders an opportunity to take close stock of their money management on an ongoing basis, allowing them to better manage their risk appetite and manage their accounts. With futures, trading losses are never allowed to accumulate from day to day, adding an additional layer of risk protection.
== Also See ==
For equity options, see The Options Clearing Corporation.
Category:Definitions
Futures industry

The futures industry is a general term used to describe the participants and products related to the trading of commodity futures around the world. Participants include:
* Speculative traders who buy and sell various futures instruments for their own risk and benefit;
* Institutional speculative traders, typically designated by the National Futures Association as Commodity Trading Advisors and Commodity Pool Operators, who take market positions on behalf of other investors;
* Companies and traders with a commercial interest in a commodity (either as a producer or purchaser of the commodity) who trade to hedge their risk related to that commodity;
* Brokers, defined by the National Futures Association as Introducing Brokers and Futures Commission Merchants, who solicit and facilitate the trading of others, and profit through that activity;
* Exchanges, which provide facilities and definitions for regulated, open and standardized trading of futures instruments;
* Advocacy groups and organizations, which serve to consolidate and amplify the opinions and interests of other industry participants;
* Regulatory agencies that oversee and ensure ethical and legal compliance of other participants.
Products include:
* Standardized commodity futures contracts traded at exchanges and options on many of those futures contracts;
* Physical commodities traded in cash markets. The term "physical" applies both to tangible products like beef and corn, and also to more intangible commodities such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, and changes in the weather.
The futures industry's boundaries are somewhat gray at times. Though not strictly a part of commodity futures, participants and products related to the currency foreign exchange markets (FOREX) are often placed within the realm of the futures industry.
Category:Futures
Futures on DIAMONDS

OneChicago offers futures contracts on the DIAMONDS Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), which tracks the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). 
== Contract Specifications ==
Deliverable Security:
DIAMONDS Trust, Series 1 (DIA)
 
OneChicago Base Symbol:
DIA1C
 
Underlying Index:
Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
 
Contract Size:
100 Shares
 
Regular Trading Hours:
8:30 a.m. - 3:15 p.m. Central Time
 
Other Specifications:
As per OneChicago single stock futures
 
 
== References ==
Futures symbols

Like stocks and other exchange-traded instruments, futures and futures options use a system of shorthand symbols to easily identify contracts traded. A commodity symbol has three different parts: the letters that identify the commodity or financial instrument, the monthly code, and the yearly code. Futures and security futures (aka single stock futures) mirror each other in terms of contract symbol identification, e.g., the first letters refer to the underlying contract, the symbol for the month follows, and finally the year. 
A number of futures contracts offer trading further into the future than just the current year; thus specifying the year can be crucial. The CME Eurodollar futures contract (ED) is a prime example, with trading conceivably available up to 10 years in the future. 
If you’re used to looking at stock symbols, futures ticker symbols will be similar. The only difference is that a letter is added to the end of the futures ticker symbols to show in which month the futures contract expires. H indicates March expiration, M is June, U is September, and Z is December. 
Although the Mar/Jun/Sept/Dec quarterly cycle dominates futures delivery months stemming from the way CBOT grain futures delivery months were established long ago, there are definitely different cycles. In addition, serial months that are listed for trading in between quarterly expiration months are available for the convenience of users for many futures products. 
As an example, trading in NYMEX (COMEX) silver is "conducted for delivery during the current calendar month; the next two calendar months; any January, March, May, and September falling within a 23-month period; and any July and December falling within a 60-month period beginning with the current month." Thus, contract specifications and monthly cycles vary and are not as easily discernible as they once might have been.
Many contracts have expanded the number of contract months from four per year, which through the early 1980s was typical. One example, and only one, is when CME in 2003 introduced serial futures contracts for Live Cattle. Essentially, that meant contracts would be available for each month of the year, with the benefit of potential reduction in basis risk. Realistically, however, in many products with serial months (and, thus, a great deal of choice), liquidity begins to concentrate in specific months. But with serial months, that concentration is up to the market users, rather than the exchanges.
 
Full listing of monthly symbols 
F = January
G = February
H = March
J = April
K = May
M = June
N = July
Q = August
U = September
V = October
X = November
Z = December
Examples: The letters "GC" represent gold, and the letters "AAPL" represent Apple. Note that for single stock futures, the root for the contract mirrors the stock ticker symbol.
Contract 	Symbol
2009 Sep Eurodollar futures 	EDU09
2008 Mar NYMEX Crude Oil 	CLH07
2008 June CME Group (CBOT) Soybeans 	SM08
2007 Dec COMEX Gold 	GCZ07
2008 Dec Apple Computer single stock futures	AAPLZ08
2008 Sep McDonald's single stock futures 	MCDU08
 
== References ==
== External Links ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Futures
Futurization

Futurization refers to the process of standardizing the terms of settlement and delivery of a contract such that the contract may be listed on an exchange, rather than over-the-counter (OTC) . Swaps, forwards and other similar derivatives are typically privately negotiated, bilateral (or "bespoke" transactions, tailored to meet the exact needs of the initiating counterparty. In contrast, futures contracts have standardized terms including quantity, delivery date, delivery location, and product specifications.
As regulations related to the Dodd-Frank Act, in which swaps and OTC derivatives became subject to a host of new and often costly rules, some market participants have turned to the futures market as a way to mitigate risk. In general, standardized products such as futures offer a low-cost alternative to bespoke transactions. The trade-off, however, is that standardized products may not fully mitigate risk in the same manner as a customized OTC transaction.
In the fall of 2012, the Intercontinental Exchange and CME Group "futurized" certain cleared energy swaps by reclassifying them as futures contracts. On December 3, 2012, CME Group launched a deliverable interest-rate swap futures contract. 
== References ==
G-20

The new Group of Twenty (G-20) forum of finance ministers and central bank governors was formally created at the Sept. 25, 1999, meeting of the G7 finance ministers. It was created as a mechanism for informal dialogue in the framework of the Bretton Woods institutional system, to broaden the dialogue on key economic and financial policy issues among systemically significant economies and to promote cooperation to achieve stable and sustainable world growth that benefits all. 
To launch the G-20 at its first ministerial meeting in Berlin in December 1999, the G-7 finance ministers were to invite "counterparts from a number of systemically important countries from regions around the world," as well as representative of the EU, IMF and World Bank.
The G-20 currently has a major role in driving forward work between advanced and emerging economies to tackle the international financial and economic crisis, restore worldwide financial stability, lead the international economic recovery and secure a sustainable future for all countries.
It is normal practice for the G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors to meet once a year. The ministers' and governors' meeting is usually preceded by two deputies' meetings and extensive technical work.
 
== History ==
The G-20 was created as a response both to the financial crises of the late 1990s and to a growing recognition that key emerging-market countries were not adequately included in the core of global economic discussion and governance. Prior to the G-20 creation, similar groupings to promote dialogue and analysis had been established at the initiative of the G-7.
In February of 2011, top officials from G-20 agreed to draw up a "limited set" of indicators aimed at curbing global economic imbalances and better coordinate economic policies.
== Membership ==
The G-20 is made up of the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The 20th member of the G-20 is the European Union, which is represented by the rotating Council presidency and the European Central Bank.
== Key People ==
Unlike international institutions such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), IMF or World Bank, the G-20 (like the G-7) has no permanent staff of its own. The G-20 chair rotates between members, and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries each year. In 2011 the G-20 chair is France. 
== Resources ==
* University of Toronto Munk Centre For International Studies At Trinity College G20 Information Centre
* Videos Of G20 Meetings
* Latest Documents From G20
== References ==
G.H. Walker & Co.

G.H. Walker & Co. was an investment banking and brokerage firm founded in 1900 by George Herbert Walker, grandfather and great-grandfather of Presidents George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush, respectively. The firm was originally based in St. Louis, Missouri before relocating to 1 Wall Street in New York City.
== History ==
G.H. Walker & Co. was established in 1900 by George Herbert Walker, a prominent banker and businessman from St. Louis. Walker's family had developed many international banking contacts, and he helped organize the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. The firm quickly gained a reputation for its expertise in finance and investment banking.
In July 1973, G.H. Walker & Co. acquired the securities brokerage business of Laird, Inc., becoming known as G.H. Walker, Laird & Co. However, just over a year later, in October 1974, the firm was sold to White Weld & Co., another investment bank. White Weld was subsequently acquired by Merrill Lynch in 1978, effectively ending the independent existence of G.H. Walker & Co.
=== Notable Employees and Connections ===
Several notable figures were associated with G.H. Walker & Co. during its history:
*George Herbert Walker himself served as the firm's founder and guiding force.
*William Donaldson, who later co-founded Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and served as chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 2003 to 2005, began his career at G.H. Walker & Co.
*Bert Walker, George Herbert Walker's son, later served as chairman and CEO of Stifel Financial in the late 1970s and 1980s.
The firm had close ties to the Bush family, with George H.W. Bush's grandfather and great-grandfather both involved in its leadership.
== References ==
Category:Stock Brokers
Category:Acquired Firms
Category:Merrill Lynch
G. H. Financials

G. H. Financials is a provider of global clearing services for exchange traded futures and options contracts on the world’s leading derivatives markets and has provided market access and clearing services to professional traders and institutions around the globe since 1993. G. H. Financials clears on over twenty-five exchanges globally. It is headquartered in London and operates subsidiary businesses in both Chicago and Hong Kong. 
== History ==
G. H. Financials (GHF) was founded in 1993 by Gedon Hertshten as a clearing firm for local traders on the LIFFE. 
In 2010, G. H. Financials became the first “remote trading member” of the Tokyo Financial Exchange (TFX), allowing the firm to give traders direct access from the UK to TFX, providing clearing and settlement services as well.
In 2012, the firm began operating its U.S. subsidiary in Chicago to coordinate all US clearing and settlement services to its professional trading clients.
In 2013, GHF opened its third office in Hong Kong. In September 2013 Peter Lovell moved from the London office to become head of G. H. Financials (Hong Kong) Ltd. The firm tapped former NYSE Liffe co-CEO Mark Ibbotson to become group CEO. Ibbotson began as CEO October 7, 2013.
In 2014, the firm became a General Clearing Member on Eurex. It was previously a non-clearing member.
In April 2015, GHF became the first remote clearing participant of the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). Two months later, in June 2015, GHF was accepted as a participant of the Hong Kong Futures Exchange and Hong Kong Clearing Corporation subsidiaries of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd. 
In December 2015, Sharon Shi Ning replaced Lovell as head of GHF's Hong Kong subsidiary, while Lovell became special adviser to the company.
== Products and Services ==
G. H. Financials offers electronic execution and clearing on the major futures exchanges, including CME Group, ICE, Eurex, NYSE Liffe, TMX Group, and ASX.
== Key People ==
*Gedon Hertshten, Founder 
*Mark Phelps, Group CEO
*Sharon Shi Ning, Managing Director, G. H. Financials (Hong Kong) Ltd.
*Duncan Paterson, Chairman of the Board
*Juliam O'Leary, COO
*Ben Hepden - Group Chief Financial Officer
*Gemma Lloyd - Chief Business Development Officer
*Kylie Wong - Deputy Managing Director, Head of Finance Risk and Compliance, G. H. Financials (Hong Kong) Ltd.
*Geno Luchmun - General Counsel
*Sheena Griffiths - Global Head of Human Resources
*Tracy Hetherington - Global Head of Regulatory Risk, Compliance & Trade Surveillance
*Tony Butcher - Global Head of Service Delivery
== References ==
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
G. Kurt Von Uffel

__NOTOC__ 
G. Kurt von Uffel is a New York-based managing partner of Open Door Trading, LLC.
Previously, he was a managing director of Scotia Capitial. He has also been a senior vice president and director of sales at ELX Futures, L.P. At ELX, he was responsible for ELX participant relationships including inter-dealer brokers, institutional clients, ISVs and FCMs. 
== Background ==
Also, von Uffel served as managing director, U.S. interest rate trading and deputy head of fixed income at Nomura Securities International. Prior to Nomura, von Uffel spent nearly 15 years at Morgan Stanley. He was recruited to Nomura from Morgan Stanley along with fellow bond trader Lundy Wright. While at Morgan Stanley, Von Uffel was a member of the board of The Bond Market Association, a pre-cursor to the Securities Industry Financial Markets Association.
== Education ==
In 1981, Von Uffel received a bachelor of science in Economics from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
He is a member of the advisory board for the Fairfield University Center for Faith and Public Life.
== References ==	
Category:ELX Futures - Former Employees
Category:ELX Futures
Category:Scotia Capital - Former Employees
Category:Nomura - Former Employees
Category:Morgan Stanley - Former Employees
G. Richard Wagoner, Jr.

__NOTOC__ 
George Richard "Rick" Wagoner, Jr. is the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of General Motors. He was ousted by the White House on March 29, 2009. Wagoner had been GM's CEO since 2000. During his time as CEO, the company's share price dropped by more than 90 percent.
== Background ==
Wagoner was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at GM since 2003. He previously held the offices of President and Chief Executive Officer (2000-2003). He joined General Motors Corporation in 1977. He was elected Vice President in charge of finance for General Motors Europe in June 1989. 
In July 1991, he was elected President and Managing Director of General Motors do Brasil. Effective November 1992, he was elected Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of General Motors. In July 1994, he was named President of North American Operations. In October 1998, he was elected a director, President and Chief Operating Officer of General Motors. 
He is a member of The Business Council and The Business Roundtable, the Board of Directors of Catalyst, and the Boards of Trustees of Duke University and Detroit Country Day School.
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives