nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Rule Financial

Rule Financial, launched in 1997 by founder Marcus Rule, is an independent IT consulting firm that focuses on global investment banking space. The firm is headquartered in London, with offices in New York, Boston and Toronto, with nearshore facilities in Barcelona and Lodz, Poland. The firm claims it advises nine of the top 10 global investment banks, providing business consulting and IT solutions for its clients.
The firm provides services in areas such as: OTC derivatives clearing, collateral management optimization, and muti-platform UX design and build for electronic trading and risk reporting. The company has also witnessed growing demand for application support services to help banks deliver cost-savings and business efficiencies.
It was acquired by GFT Group in June 2014. 
== History ==
1997 - Rule Financial is founded by Marcus Rule
2000 - Rule Financial is recognized in The Sunday Times Tech Track 100 - a listing of Britain's fastest-growing private technology companies
2008 - Specialist development centre opens in Barcelona
Nearshore development center opens in Łódź, Poland
Rule Financial acquires Polish based company Peer-to-Peer Systems
Rule Financial listed in The Sunday Times Tech Track 100 for the 2nd time
2009 - Rule Financial New York office 
 
Rule Financial listed in The Sunday Times Tech Track 100 for the third time
2010 - Rule Financial listed in The Sunday Times Tech Track 100 for the fourth time
2012 - With the acquisition of 'The Waterline Group' in March 2012, Rule Financial establishes an office in the important financial centre of Toronto
On 17th December, Rule Financial opened a new office in Boston, Massachusetts, and now operates from six locations in five countries worldwide
2014
Rule Financial was acquired by GFT Group.
== Products and Services ==
Rule Financial offers services across several areas including: legal and compliance, prime services, securities finance, operations, risk management, trading.
== Key People ==
*Marcus Rule, Founder and Executive Chairman
*Chris Potts, Chief Executive Officer
*Amrik Chawla, Joint Head, North America
*Chris DeBrusk, Joint Head, North America
*Beverly Luther, Head of Human Resources
*Charles Henderson, Head of Sales and Account Management
*David Field - Executive Director
==John Lothian News Interviews==
*EU and UK’s Regulatory Alphabet, from EMIR to FTT to LCR and LEI, David Field, January 2013
*The Quest for Regulatory Harmonization, Clive Stainton, August 2011
== References ==
Category:Consulting Firms
Rupert Hugo Wynne Robson

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Rupert Robson is non-executive chairman of the board of TP ICAP. He was appointed to the position on March 6, 2013. He is also chairman of the nomination committee. 
He is scheduled to step down as chairman in May 2019, when Richard Berliand will take over the role. 
Robson is also non-executive chairman and chairman of the nomination committee for Charles Taylor Consulting. He was appointed to the position in 2007.
He is also chairman of EMF Capital Partners and is a board director for the London Metal Exchange. 
== Background ==
Previously, Robson was global head of the financial institutions group in the corporate, investment banking and markets division of HSBC and a managing director in the global markets division of Citigroup.
== Education ==
Robson received degrees from Eton College and Trinity College, Oxford University.
 
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Russ Abramson

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Russ Abramson is a New York-based financial services executive who is a managing director and head of futures, options and OTS for Americas for Bank of America. He is also the president of the board of directors of the FIA Market Technology Division.
Abramson is also a board member of FIA Tech.
== Background ==
Before joining Bank of America in 2012, Abramson was with JP Morgan for almost 13 years.
He has also been director of information systems at Goelet, LLC, and was in field technology planning at Guardian Life Insurance Co.
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:JP Morgan - Former Employees
Russ Chrusciel

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Russ Chrusciel is division head of Valdi Options U.S., a division of SunGard Capital Markets. He manages Valdi solutions for derivatives trading and helps craft the strategic direction of derivatives offerings. His areas of specialization include options trading, options market-making, volatility arbitrage, and risk management. 
He is a guest contributor to Forbes. 
== Published Articles ==
*"Global Exchanges Have a Lot to Be Thankful For" (Forbes Nov. 2011) www.blogs.forbes
*"The Reign of Derivatives" (SunGard) www.blogs.sungard.com
== Interviews ==
*Five Minutes with Russ Chrusciel
== Background ==
Chrusciel has been involved with derivatives trading for more than 13 years, in roles spanning the trading, risk management, account management and technology sides of the business. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Russ Cotton

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Russ Cotton is chief operating officer at Trading Technologies. He was named to the position in October 2019 and is responsible for managing the site reliability engineering and global support teams.
Prior to joining the firm, he served as vice president of operations at the Intercontinental Exchange.
== Background ==
He worked in a number of capacities at ICE over 12-years, including manager of systems operations, director, systems operations, senior director, systems operations and vice president of operations. 
Prior to ICE, Cotton served in a number of operations roles over his career including Morgan Stanley as an integration engineer and CQG as a network planning analyst and systems administrator. 
== Education ==
Cotton attended the University of Texas at Austin and was an avionics technician for the US Marine Corps. 
== References ==	
Category:Intercontinental Exchange - Former Employees
Category:CQG - Former Employees
Russ Fradin

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Russell Fradin is the president and chief executive officer of SunGard Data Systems. He was appointed in May 2011, and is on the board of directors at SunGard. Fradin is also on the board of directors for technology research company Gartner, Inc.
== Background ==
Prior to joining SunGard, Fradin was the chairman and chief executive officer of Aon Hewitt beginning in 2006. He was the chief executive officer of BISYS Group, Inc., and has also worked for Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP) in such positions as president of global employer services.
Fradin was a management consultant and senior partner at McKinsey & Company for 18 years.
== Education ==
*MBA, Harvard Business School
*BS, Economics, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:SunGard Data Systems
Category:SunGard Data Systems
Russ Rausch

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Russell Rausch is one of the founders of Vision Pursue, a mindfulness training firm that works with professional sports and other high performance professions.
 
== Background ==
Prior to starting Vision Pursue, he served as chief operating officer at Emil van Essen. 
Before that, Raush was the executive vice president, global buy-side sales, managing director New York for Trading Technologies International (TT).
Rausch was responsible for managing TT’s New York sales office and their global sales effort to buy-side firms. Rausch first joined TT in 1998 and has held several senior-level positions, including chief financial officer and executive vice president Global Support and chief information officer.
Prior to joining TT, he founded the financial consulting firm, Rausch & Company, which provided consulting services in the areas of litigation support, merger and acquisition restructuring and corporate financial services.
During 2005, Rausch served as head of eBrokerage Sales for North America for Calyon Financial. He joined Calyon to help the company's customers implement, deploy and maintain TT's order-entry software.
Rausch began his career with Ernst & Young, where he provided auditing services to financial services clients.
Rausch has served on the board of directors for the IT division of the Futures Industry Association (FIA) and has represented TT as a speaker at industry events.
== Education ==
Rausch received his B.S. in accounting from Kansas State University. He is a CPA and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
== Registration Information ==
== References ==	
Category:Trading Technologies - Former Employees
Category:Emil van Essen LLC
Category:Caylon
Russell 1000 Index

The Russell 1000® Index is a standard benchmark for measuring the performance of large-capitalization (large-cap) stocks traded on U.S. markets. It comprises the largest 1,000 traded companies in the 3,000 strong Russell 3000 Index.
== Brief Background ==
The Russell 1000, devised in 1984 by Russell Investments, consists of around 92% of total market capitalization of all U.S. stock markets and is essentially the bigger sibling of the better-known small-cap benchmark Russell 2000, which generally consist of the Russell 3000's bottom 2,000 stocks. 
== Trading Facts ==
* According to its latest reconstitution, the index's median company had a market capitalization of $6.1 billion compared to the index's equal-weighted average of $16.3 billion.
* The Russell 1000® Index has a price/earnings ratio of 15.68 and a price/book ratio 2.47 compared to iShares' equivalent fund (ticker symbol: IWB) ratios of 19.43 and 3.79 respectively.
* As of March 2008 the largest company in the index, Exxon Mobil, had a market cap of $476.4 billion.
* Earnings per share growth over the past 5 years for the Russell 1000® Index has topped 20%.
== References ==
Category:Russell Indexes
Russell 1000 Index options

On the security options side, the CBOE and International Securities Exchange both list options on the Russell 1000 Index (RUI). These cash-settled index options are designed to measure the performance of the top 1,000 companies from a universe of the 3,000 largest stocks in the U.S. The index is capitalization weighted and includes only common stocks belonging to corporations domiciled in the U.S. and its territories that are traded on the NYSE, NASDAQ or AMEX. The Russell 1000 Index is adjusted once per year, in June, to reflect changes in rankings and shares outstanding.
Because these contracts are fungible, contract specifications at these exchanges mirror one another. 
== Product Specifications ==
Symbol: RUI
Index Multiplier: 100
Price Interval: Strike price intervals are at least $2.50 for certain near-the-money series in near-term expiration months when Russell 1000 Index is at a level below 200, and 5-point strike price intervals for other options series with expirations up to one year, and at least 10-point strike price intervals for longer-term options.
Minimum Trading Increments: The minimum trading increment for an options contract trading at less than $3.00 is $0.05. The minimum trading increment for an options contract trading at $3.00 or higher is $0.10.
Expiration Date: Saturday following the third Friday of the expiration month.
Expiration Months: Up to three near-term months followed by three additional months from the March quarterly cycle (March, June, September and December).
Exercise Style: European exercise
Last Trading Day: Trading in RUI options will ordinarily cease on the business day (usually a Thursday) preceding the day on which the exercise-settlement value is calculated.
Settlement Type: A.M., cash settlement
Settlement Value : The exercise-settlement value, RIR, is calculated using the opening (first) reported sales price in the primary market of each component stock on the last business day before the expiration. In the event that a stock in the index does not open on the day the exercise-settlement value is determined, the last reported sale price in the primary market will be used in calculating the exercise- settlement value. The exercise-settlement amount is equal to the difference between the exercise-settlement value, RIR, and the exercise price of the option, multiplied by $100. Exercise will result in delivery of cash on the business day following expiration.
Position and Exercise Limits:The aggregate RUI position and exercise limits are 50,000 contracts on the same side of the market with no more than 30,000 in the near-term month. An index option hedge exemption for public customers may be available for certain diversified portfolios, which may expand the position limit up to an additional 75,000 contracts. In addition, proprietary accounts of members may receive an exemption up to 100,000 contracts for the purpose of facilitation public customer orders. Position and Exercise limits are subject to change.
Trading Hours: 9:30 A.M. - 4:15 P.M. Eastern Time (New York time).
== References ==
Russell 2000

The Russell 2000 Index has become the standard benchmark for small-cap stock performance on U.S. markets. The Russell 2000 represents the bottom 2000 companies in the Russell 3000 Index by market capitalization. 
== History ==
The Russell 2000 and other members of the Russell index family were created in 1984 by asset manager Frank Russell Company (now Russell Investments) as "a better measurement of money manager success".
It is now the most widely-quoted benchmark for small-cap stock performance in the U.S.
and went international as the U.S. small-cap component of the Russell Global Index. 
The Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) had an exclusive deal to list Russell-based futures and options on futures that began in the third quarter of 2008. ICE transitioned the Russell Index futures to ICE Futures U.S. (formerly the New York Board of Trade) in September of 2008. However, the contract expired in July of 2017 and a new agreement between CME Group and the London Stock Exchange Group went into effect to list Russell index derivatives contracts previously listed only on ICE. The agreement gives CME Group an exclusive license to offer futures, options on futures and cleared over-the-counter products based on FTSE and Russell indexes for 12 years. CME launched the E-mini Russell 2000 Index futures and options suite on July 10, 2017, but for a period of time during the transition the products will be dually listed by CME and ICE.
== Trading and investing ==
The Russell 2000 Index is very popular with equity investors, including active traders, because it contains smaller (market cap $100m-$1b), more volatile stocks trading with high liquidity and low costs.
Typical vehicles for trading the Russell 2000® are exchange-traded funds (ETFs) like the low-cost iShares Russell 2000 Index (IWM),
and the Mini-Russell 2000 Index, traded on the International Securities Exchange (ISE) and based on one-tenth of the full value.
Trading derivatives on the Russell 2000 Index expanded rapidly in the mid-2000s and created trading shakeups along the way. The CME Group lost its right to trade such contracts to the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), which began listing Russell index contracts, including its ICE Russell 2000 Index, in September 2008.
CME instead lists e-mini futures trading of the Russell 2000's main competitor, the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. 
== References ==
Category:Indices
Category:Stock Indices
Russell 3000 Index

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The Russell 3000® Index is a benchmark measurement of the 3,000 largest and most frequently traded U.S. stocks and is aimed at reflecting overall market return. The index members' total market capitalization represent almost all the investable equity on U.S. markets.
== Brief Background ==
The Russell 3000 Index was created in 1984 by Frank Russell Company - now Russell Investments - to give investors "a comprehensive, unbiased, and stable barometer of the broad market". It also trades as two of its component sectors - the large-cap Russell 1000 Index and the smaller-cap Russell 2000 Index - both of which are better known than the main index they derive from.
== Today's Market ==
As of May 2013 the largest company in the Russell 3000 Index had a market cap of $422 billion while the smallest was $129 million. The Russell 3000 covers approximately 98 percent of the U.S. stock market.
iShares Russell 3000® Index Fund
Russell 3000's main competitors at the top end of U.S. stock indexes are the S&P 1500 Index and the Wilshire 5000 Index, although both vary in key ways from the Russell 3000. The S&P 1500 has half the number of stocks and screens stocks for creditworthiness, while the Wilshire 5000 has 2,000 more stocks but not all are readily tradable on public markets. As with its smaller sibling the Russell 2000, investors often use iShares, an exchange traded fund (ETF) developed by Barclays Global Investors, to take positions on the Russell 3000.
Other investors prefer futures and options contracts on the Russell 3000 to trading the index directly, believing that derivatives better reflect its true value. Trading futures and options contracts on the index was previously spread over nine different exchanges but from September 2008 they, along with all other Russell Index-based products, will be traded exclusively on the InterContinental Exchange.
== Trading Facts ==
* The index is 'reconstituted' annually every June to account for changes in the marketplace like stock-value growth and acquisitions.
* The value of Russell 3000 has dropped significantly in 2008 but has recorded 5-year returns of 12.07% and earnings-per-share growth of over 20% over the same period.
* Exxon-Mobil currently has the largest market cap of the Russell 3000 Index members but General Electric's stock comprises the highest percentage (2.8%) of the Index's value.
== 2012 Reconstitution ==
The Reconstitution of the index for 2012 was largely shaped by changing market dynamics and the decreased market performance, the median market capitalization will decrease from $1.04 billion to $910 million. The financials sector holds the largest market share of 17.1% with tech having the largest increase due to the growth of Google and the addition of Facebook into the index. The Reconstruction will add 77 companies to the index overall. 
== References ==
Russell Global Index

The Russell Global Index measures the performance of the global equity market based on all investable equity securities. The index includes approximately 10,000 securities in 63 countries and covers 98% of the investable global market. All securities in the Russell Global Index are classified according to size, region, country, and sector, as a result the Index can be segmented into more than 300 distinct benchmarks. 
The Russell Global Index is constructed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased barometer for the global segment and is completely reconstituted annually to ensure new and growing equities are reflected.
== Brief background ==
The Russell Global Index was launched in January 2007 by Russell Investments.
== Links ==
*Monthly Data
Russell Global Indexes

The Russell Global Indexes were developed by U.S.-based asset manager Russell Investments (Russell) to track the performance of different sectors within a range of global equities markets. They are constructed in the same way as Russell's signature U.S. stock market indexes like the Russell 2000.
== Brief background ==
Russell launched its first global indexes early in 2007, covering 98 percent of global investable equity by tracking 10,000 stocks in 63 countries. Just over a year later, Russell added 'growth' and 'value' styles to most of their global indexes to track different sector performances in different regions. To track different sectors of different regional stock markets, Russell can now create nine different indexes for each using size (small cap, large cap, total market) and style (growth, value, total) characteristics. 
In January of 2013, Russell Indexes and NYSE Euronex announced a global alliance that would span three distinct NYSE Euronext business lines and multiple geographies, as well as several facets of Russell’s global index business. The agreement included the transition of RussellTick, an index feed for real-time, intra-day values for the Russell family of indexes in the U.S. and globally, to NYSE Technologies’ Global Index Feed (GIF) protocol and extensive global distribution. Approximately $3.9 trillion in assets are currently benchmarked to the Russell Indexes globally. The alliance also included a commitment to develop additional joint global services and products, such as new index-based options.
== Trading Market ==
Russell Global Indexes faces stiff competition from the more established global indexes of asset manager MSCI Barra. MSCI launched its first international index series - including the signature MSCI World Index that's still the most widely-used - in 1969 and the group added four new international indexes in 2007.
One significant difference between the two groups' indexes is the fact that Russell's global company sizes (small-, mid- and large-cap) are determined across a single global standard rather than the region-to-region method MSCI employs. 
In March 2008 the Russell Global Index received an infusion of 70 initial public offerings (IPOs) of company stocks from 59 different countries, including 12 from the U.S. and nine from China. Sixteen of those stocks moved directly into the Russell Global Large Cap Index, including three based in Hong King and three in Brazil.
== References ==
Category: Indexes
Russell H. Nevins

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Russell H. Nevins served as the fifth president of the New York Stock & Exchange Board, which in 1863 shortened its name to the New York Stock Exchange. Nevins followed James W. Bleecker as president.
== Background ==
The exchange, which had been created in 1792 with the signing of the Buttonwood Agreement, was formally organized with a constitution drafted in 1817. 
== References ==
Category:Presidents of the New York Stock Exchange
Category:Deceased
Russell Hardy

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Russell Hardy is a British businessman who currently serves as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Vitol, the world's largest independent oil trading company. He has over three decades of experience in the energy industry and has played a significant role in Vitol's growth and operations.
== Early Life and Education ==
Hardy holds a Master of Engineering (MEng) degree in Chemical Engineering from Imperial College London.
== Career ==
=== Early Career ===
Hardy began his career in the oil industry working for BP, where he traded fuel oil.
=== Vitol ===
In 1993, Hardy left BP to join Vitol. Throughout his tenure at Vitol, he has held various trading and management positions in both Singapore and London. Vitol is employee owned and Hardy confirmed in a Bloomberg story that no individual owns more than 5% of the company.
==== Leadership Roles ====
* Since 2007, Hardy has been a member of Vitol's Executive Committee.
* In 2017, he was appointed CEO of Vitol's Europe, Middle-East and Africa region.
* In March 2018, Hardy succeeded Ian Taylor as the CEO of the entire Vitol Group.
=== Role as Vitol CEO ===
As CEO of Vitol, Hardy oversees a global energy company with revenues exceeding $505 billion as of 2024. Under his leadership, Vitol has maintained its position as a major player in the energy sector, with an asset portfolio spanning:
* Power generation
* Oil and gas production
* Energy retail and distribution
* Renewables
Hardy's tenure has seen Vitol navigate complex global energy markets, including the challenges posed by international sanctions and geopolitical tensions. In 2022, he predicted that Russia would face difficulties protecting itself from the negative effects of international sanctions, forecasting a decline in Russian oil exports.
== References ==	
Category:Businesspeople
Category:British businesspeople
Category:Vitol
Category:Energy executives
Category:Chemical engineers