nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
RCAHMS

= Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland =
"RCAHMS is the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. It is an independent non-departmental government body financed by Parliament through The Scottish Executive under the sponsorship of Historic Scotland. ... RCAHMS carries out a program of field surveys and recording of the built heritage of Scotland and makes this information available to the public through the Collections of the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS)." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/index.html
Postal Address 	RCAHMS
John Sinclair House,
16 Bernard Terrace,
Edinburgh, EH8 9NX
SCOTLAND
Phone 	+44 (0)131 662 1456
Fax 	+44 (0)131 662 1499
Contact 	nmrs@rcahms.gov.uk
Information Online	Courses / workshops
Job openings
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
Category:Directory
Category:Directory: General
RCE

== Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, RCE (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands) (formerly ICN) ==
The Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands is part of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
The Agency works to protect the Netherlands’ most important movable and immovable heritage. Using its specialist knowledge, the Agency ensures monuments and historic buildings, the archaeological resource, the landscape, and fine and applied arts are properly cared for. The Agency is jointly responsible for managing the Netherlands’ cultural heritage.
Web Address 	http://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl
Postal Address 	Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed
PO Box 1600
3800 BP Amersfoort, The Netherlands
Phone 	+ 31 (0)20 305 45 45
Fax 	+ 31 (0)20 305 46 00
Contact 	info@cultureelerfgoed.nl
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages	English
Dutch
== Comments ==
Summaries for numerous publications are available onlineCategory:Directory
REALM (COVID-19 test results)

==Description==
REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) is a research project conducted by OCLC, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and Battelle to produce science-based information about how materials can be handled to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to staff and visitors of archives, libraries, and museums. The studies are conducted by applying the virulent SARS-CoV-2 virus on five materials (per test set) held at standard room temperature (68°F to 75°F) and relative humidity conditions (30 to 50 percent). Below are the results of tests completed to date.
For more information, please see: https://www.oclc.org/realm/home.html
==Test Results==
Test	Item 	Material 	Conditions 	Detection
1 	Hardback book cover 	Buckram book cover 	Flat 	not detectable after 1 day
1 	Softback book cover 	Trade paperback 	Flat 	not detectable after 1 day
1 	Plain paper pages inside a closed book	-- 	Flat 	not detectable after 3 days
1 	Plastic book covering 	Biaxially oriented polyester film 	Flat 	not detectable after 3 days
1 	DVD/CD case 	Polypropylene 	Flat 	not detectable after 1 day
2 	Archival folders 	-- 	Stacked 	not detectable after 2 days
2 	Glossy pages 	As found in coffee table books 	Stacked 	not detectable after 4 days
2 	Children’s board book 	-- 	Stacked, tested inside the book	not detectable after 4 days
2 	Braille paper 	-- 	Stacked 	not detectable after 4 days
2 	Magazine pages 	-- 	Stacked 	still detectable on day 4
3 	DVD 	Polycarbonate 	Unstacked 	not detectable after 5 days
3 	Storage bag 	Flexible plastic: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), recycling #4	Unstacked 	not detectable after 5 days
3 	USB cassette 	Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, specific blend 	Unstacked 	still detectable on day 5
3 	Storage container 	Rigid plastic: High-density polyethylene (HDPE), recycling #2 	Unstacked 	still detectable on day 5
3 	Plexiglass 	Acrylic display cases and partitions 	Unstacked 	still detectable on day 5
4 	DVD/CD case 	Polypropylene 	Stacked 	still detectable on day 6
4 	Hardcover book cover 	Buckram cloth 	Stacked 	still detectable on day 6
4 	Softcover book cover 	Trade paperback 	Stacked 	still detectable on day 6
4 	Plastic protective cover 	Biaxially oriented polyester film 	Stacked 	still detectable on day 6
4 	Expanded polyethylene foam 	1-inch thickness 	Unstacked, open air 	still detectable on day 6
5 	Leather book cover 	Leather (circa 1861) 	Unstacked 	still detectable on day 8
5 	Synthetic leather 	Expanded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 	Unstacked 	still detectable on day 8
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWG[[
RLAHA Oxford

= Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art =
The Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art (RLAHA) is dedicated to the development and application of scientific methods to the study of the past. It is part of Oxford University's School of Archaeology. Research groups at the laboratory include Radiocarbon dating, Luminescence dating, Tephrochronology, Palaeodiet and Stable Isotopes, and Archaeomaterials. Beginning in 1958, RLAHA published the journal now named Archaeometry, that covers the involvement of the physical and biological sciences with archaeology and art history. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/
Postal Address	Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art 
Dyson Perrins Building
South Parks Road
Oxford 
UK 
OX1 3QY
Phone 	+44 01865 285222
Fax 	+44 01865 285220
Contact 	enquiries@rlaha.ox.ac.uk
Searchable 	No
== Comments ==
Archaeometry is published 4x per year. Its complete table of contents and abstracts are available at Blackwell Publishing. Articles are downloadable for a fee. 
 Associated RLAHA research projects include:
 - Pigmentum Project
 - Oxford Dendrochronology LaboratoryCategory:Directory
RLG

= Research Libraries Group =
"RLG is a not-for-profit membership corporation of over 160 universities, national libraries, archives, historical societies, and other institutions with remarkable collections for research and learning. ... Founded in 1974 and incorporated in 1975 by Columbia, Harvard, and Yale Universities and The New York Public Library, RLG was conceived to help achieve the economies and power of service that come from pooling resources, expertise, and operations. The organization became a pioneer in developing cooperative solutions to the problems that research collections and their users face in the acquisition, delivery, and preservation of information." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.rlg.org/
Postal Address 	Research Libraries Group
2029 Stierlin Court, Suite 100
Mountain View, CA 94043-4684 USA
Phone 	+1 800-537-7546 (USA/Can) +1 650 691 2333
Fax 	+1 650 964 0943
Contact 	ric@notes.rlg.org
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Publishes newsletter
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	Yes
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Newsletters and reports available online, current issues and archived balck issuesCategory:Directory
RLICC

= Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation =
The Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation is a multidisciplinary postgraduate training and research centre for the conservation of the built heritage. Since 1981, it is part of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The Centre has trained architects, engineers, art historian, archaeologist and many other future professionals in the conservation and restoration of historic towns and buildings from all over the world. RLCC has developed projects dealing with architectural conservation, archaeological sites, pathology, conservation and restoration of masonry walls, structure consolidation, materials, surveying and documenting historic buildings and various other fields. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.asro.kuleuven.be/rlicc/
Postal Address 	R. Lemaire Centre for Conservation
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 
Fac. Toegepaste 
Wetebschappen-KU leuven
Arenbergkasteel
B-3001 Heverlee-Belgium
Phone 	+32 (0)16 321748
Fax 	+32 (0)16 321983
Contact 	rlicc@asro.kuleuven.be
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Interships
Grant forms available online
Publishes newsletter
Membership / staff directory
Related links
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
French
== Comments ==
The search function is for the University databaseCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
RP system

== Description ==
[Mitsubishi Gas] The RP System from Mitsubishi removes both oxygen and corrosive gases from a sealed environment. Manufactured in Japan and introduced for the first time to North America in 2021, RP System protects a variety of components from oxidation and corrosion. RP System uses a gas barrier bag that withstands oxygen and moisture penetration and a customed RP agent composed of oxygen- and moisture-absorbing compounds. It is available in two formulations: A Type and K Type. The RP system is not the same as Mitsubishi’s Ageless® Oxygen Absorber: RP is faster acting and is effective in a wider range of humidity levels (including extremely dry environments). 
* RP-K: Contains an oxygen scavenger mixed with activated charcoal (to absorb pollutants like SO2, or NH3), lime and polyethylene. RP- K Type will remove only the oxygen, it is described as “moisture-neutral” and is recommended for the preservation and anoxic treatment of cultural artifacts.
* RP-A: Contains an oxygen scavenger mixed with zeolites. RP-A actively absorbs moisture and pollutants. When placed in a sealed barrier bag, the A Type will reduce the RH in the bag to less than 10% in a matter of minutes. The oxygen absorbent will then reduce the oxygen level to extremely low levels within hours. RP A-Type is recommended for the storage of metallic objects, and other objects which will benefit from storage in an extremely dry, oxygen-free atmosphere. 
The long term maintenance of these conditions will be dependent on the barrier film used. Mitsubishi recommends the use of either a foil or ceramic barrier film (Escal).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
RP System™; RP- K Type; RP A-Type
== Risks ==
The absorption process is exothermic.
==Forms and Sizes==
Both A and K types of RP are available in 300, 500, & 2000 cc capacity. Please note that RP capacity refers to the total volume of air to be treated (unlike Ageless® capacity, which is measured as the volume of oxygen absorbed.) As in the case of Ageless®, the company recommends the additiona of as much as an extra 50% to your estimated volume when treating or storing an object.
==Resources and Citations==
* Keepsafe: RP System
Category:Materials database
RTPHC

= Red Tematica de Patrimonio Historico y Cultural (CSIC Thematic Network of Cultural Heritage) =
"The CSIC Thematic Network of Cultural Heritage (RTPHC) was launched in October 2001 to coordinate cultural heritage activities of several research groups working at the Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC). .... The main objective of the network is to support research on cultural heritage and to promote cooperation between European research centres, professional associations and technological companies" (Saiz-Jimenez 2004). All participating members perform research and analysis for the conservation and preservation of oustanding Spanish heritage and monuments, such as the cathedrals, Roman cities, medieval castles, baroque palaces, museums, archives, paintings, and archaeological objects. RTPHC research is divided into five areas: 1) Archaeology and Architectural Heritage, 2) Biology, 3) Chemistry and Material Science, 4) Geology, and 5) Physics. 
*C. Saiz-Jimenez "A New Step for Coalition, Coalition, No. 7, Jan. 2004.
Web Address 	http://www.rtphc.csic.es/
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
Spanish
== Comments ==
Online newsletter: Coalition (click on Boletin, newsletter in English) 
Conferences held annuallyCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
RTV

== Description ==
An acronym for room temperature vulcanization. The RTV process involves the mixing of a rubber, usually silicone, with a catalyst to form a harder stronger material. The rubber vulcanizes chemically without the addition of heat. RTVs are used for sealing, caulking, and molds. Some commercial RTVs include GTE silicone resins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
room temperature vulcanization; vulcanizzazione a temperatura ambiente (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* J. P.Maish, "Silicone rubber staining of terracotta surfaces", Studies in Conservation 39:250–56, 1994.
Category:Materials database
Rabbitskin glue

== Description ==
A strong, water-soluble adhesive obtained from the hydrolyzed products of the skin of rabbits. Rabbitskin glue consists primarily of gelatin and other protein residues of collagen, keratin, or elastin. These agglutinating materials are broken down in boiling water; the cooled solution yields the jelly-like glue which is cast into flat sheets. Rabbitskin glue is a dark brown and tends to be more flexible than bone or hide glue. For many years, rabbitskin glue was the preferred adhesive for gilders.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cola de conejo (Esp.); colletta (It.); colla di coniglio (It.); rabbit glue; rabbit skin glue
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Comment: p. 372
Category:Materials database
Rabin's Mixture

== Description ==
A polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) formulation used in the 1970s for relining paintings. The mixture proposed by Bernard Rabin in his 1972 article is made as follows: 454 g AYAA [Union Carbide] and 454 g AYAC [Union Carbide] are mixed then dissolved in 1.4 liters of toluene. A second mixture contain 4 g of Multiwax 445 [Witco] dissolved in 50 ml toluene is made then added to one liter of the PVAC mixture.
== Risks ==
Toluene is flammable and explosive. Toluene is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption
==Resources and Citations==
* B. Rabin "A Poly(vinyl acetate) Heat Seal Adhesive for Lining", in Conservation of Paintings and the Graphic Arts, IIC, Lisbon Congress, pp. 631-635,1972.
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Raccoon

== Description ==
A small, intelligent carnivores of the genus Procyon that is native to North and South America. Raccoon fur is thick and covered with dark, silky, silver-gray guard hairs. The North American raccoon (Procyon lotor) was extensively hunted for its fur. Coonskin caps were often worn by frontiersmen and full-length raccoon coats were popular the early twentieth century. The hairs have dark-grayish brown tips changing to tan bodies. They have been used for calligraphy brushes, but have little resiliency and do not point well.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
coon; ringtail; North American raccoon (Procyon lotor); Waschbären (Deut.); mapache (Esp.); procyon (Esp., Fr., It.); procioni (It.); wasberen (Ned.); szop (Pol.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Fur length = 1-1.5 inches
== Additional Images ==
File:chinaraccoon.jpg|Raccoon skin
File:raccoonlarge.jpg|Raccoon
== Resources and Citations ==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "raccoon." (Accessed 25 Jan. 2005).
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Raddle

== Description ==
1) A variant of ruddle, a red iron ore used as a colorant in paints and fabrics. See red ochre.
2) A device for spreading warp yarns evenly.
3) Interwoven sticks or vines, especially in a fence.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ocre (Port.); ocher; ochre; red chalk
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Radial

== Description ==
For wood, a radial cut follows the longitudinal grain and is perpendicular to the growth rings. Radial cuts on a cake would produce a set of pie-shaped pieces. Growth rings are seen as parallel lines and rays are seen as streaks.
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Wood. Retrieved June 24, 2004.
* R. Bruce Hoadley, Identifying Wood, The Taunton Press, Newton, CT, 1990
Category:Materials database
Radiant energy

== Description ==
The intensity of a beam of radiation. In its simplest form, radiant energy is used synonymously with the word light. Radiant energy is measured as the number of photons passing through an imaginary plane held perpendicular to the beam. The effects of light are measured in terms of its quality (color), quantity (energy) and duration (time).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
radiant power; light; radiation
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, G113, 1371-1373, Sep-94
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* AMOL reCollections Glossary -http://amol .org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
Category:Materials database
Radio frequency

== Description ==
A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum containing wave frequencies from about 3 kilohertz (100,000 m) to about 3 gigahertz (1 cm). Radio frequencies (RF) are used for radio, television, and cellular phone transmissions. Information is encoded on a carrier wave via a modulation process that involves varying amplitude, frequency, or duration. Except for the highest frequencies, the pulses of radio energy transmitted vertically upward are reflected and refracted back to earth by the ionosphere layer. Thus the signals can be sent beyond the line of sight. Frequency designations and their uses are listed below:
* Very low frequencies (vlf) 3-30 kilohertz: time signals
* Low frequencies (lf) 30-300 kilohertz: maritime mobile, navigational, radio
* Medium frequencies (mf) 300-3,000 kilohertz: maritime mobile, radio
* High frequencies (hf, short-waves) 3-30 megahertz: fixed, mobile, radio, maritime, aeronautical, amateur
* Very high frequencies (vhf) 30-300 megahertz: fixed, mobile, radio, television, maritime, aeronautical
* Ultrahigh frequencies (uhf) 300-3,000 megahertz: fixed, mobile, television, maritime, aeronautical, radio location, meterorlogical, space communication
* Superhigh frequencies (shf) 3-30 gigahertz: fixed, mobile, radio location, space and satellite communication
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
radio-frequency; RF
Category:Materials database
Radio frequency identification

== Description ==
A security system that uses radio frequencies to monitor inventory locations. The radio frequency identification (RFID) system consists of transponder tags, a transmitter, and a receiver. Whenever the identification tags receive a designated signal from the transmitter, they each emit a specific preprogrammed radio frequency that can be detected by either stationary or portable (wand-type) receiver devices. RFID systems usually operate in the frequency range of 8-14 Megahertz. RFID systems provide non-line-of-sight reading and simultaneous reading of multiple items to locate and identify tagged items. Applications include taking inventory, monitoring circulation, registering movement, and finding missing materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
radio-frequency identification; RFID; Checkpoint®, Ketec®; Performa®; Talking-Tag® [HELICON]
Category:Materials database
Radiocarbon dating

== Description ==
A method used to estimate the age of carbon-containing materials. Radiocarbon dating was discovered by Willard Libby in 1947 (Nobel prize in chemistry 1960). It is based on the measurement of the proportion of the isotope carbon-14 in the total carbon content of the concerned material. Carbon 14 is a naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope produced by the interaction of cosmic rays (neutrons) with the stable nitrogen 14 present in the earth atmosphere. It is assumed that the proportion of carbon 14 in living plants and animals is in equilibrium with that of the atmosphere due to continual carbon dioxide exchanges with the air. Once the plant or animal dies and no new carbon 14 is assimilated by the plant or animal, the existing carbon 14 concentration decreases at a rate proportional to its radioactive decay. The radioactive period of carbon 14 is 5730 y.
Two measurement methods of carbon 14 content are currently used for dating purposes:
* Liquid scintillation, for which each measured sample must have a mass of about 10 to 100 g
* Ion acceleration coupled with a mass spectrometer (AMS), a much more sensitive method, for which each measured sample can have a mass of about 1 to 20 mg
Precise radiocarbon dating is checked and correlated with the measurement of materials of exactly known age like tree rings. The method is imprecise for dating recent materials (less than 500 y before present)but is well adapted and precise for dating ancient and prehistoric materials up to 50000 years old.
Radiocarbon dating is been used to determine the ages of of wood, charcoal, seeds, pollen, foraminifers, textiles, bones (carbonized or not), teeth, ivory, hair, leather, basketwork, peat, shells, coral, any archaeological organic remains
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
carbon-14 dating; radiometric dating; datation par le carbone 14 (Fr.); Kohlenstoff 14 Altersbestimmung (Deut.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Carbon 14 has a half life(radioactive period) of 5730 years.
==Resources and Citations==
* C.Tuniz, J.R. Bird, D. Fink & G.F. Herzog. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Ultrasensitive analysis for global science. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL (1998)
* R.E. Taylor, O. Bar-Yosef, Radiocarbon Dating - An Archaeological Perspective, 2nd Edition, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek CA (2014)
* T. Higham and T. E. Levy, The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science, Acumen Publishing, Durham (UK) (2012)
* S. Bowman, Radiocarbon Dating, University of. California Press, Berkeley CA (1990)
* Radiocarbon Web-Info, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Waikato (New Zeeland)
http://www.c14dating.com
* Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford (United Kingdom)
http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=webinfo.html
* CEDAD – Lecce (Italy)
http://www.cedad.unisalento.it/en/research.php
* CEA – Saclay (France)
http://www.cea.fr/jeunes/themes/la-radioactivite/l-essentiel-sur-la-datation-au-carbone-14
* Beta Analytic, Miami FL (United States)
http://www.radiocarbon.com
Category:Materials database