Super Smash Bros. Melee in competitive play

Super Smash Bros. Melee has been played competitively since its inception in 2001 (although it started with relatively low popularity until 2003), with the first ever Melee tournament being the Nintendo-sponsored , held months before the game's release. Melee continues to thrive in the competitive scene to this day. The scene has gone through several "eras" of smashers: the "Golden Age", the "era of The Five Gods", the "Platinum Age", the "Chaos Age", and the "Rise of Netplay".
==Early history (2001-2004)==
While Smash Bros. has been viewed as a "casual party game" by Nintendo, Masahiro Sakurai (the series' main developer), and the general public, this did not stop fans from playing the game at a competitive level. Following Melees release in 2001, avid players started to utilize the game's unique physics engine to generate fast movement unexpected for a game like Smash. As players began perfecting newly discovered techniques such as wavedashing, dashdancing, and L-canceling, many smashers began hosting small tournaments for the first time; these tournaments were usually held among small groups of friends in basements or video game stores. However, is credited as the founder of the competitive Smash scene, when he began hosting the Tournament Go series in Northern California, in April 2002. Tournament Go helped bring to attention a standard, unified ruleset of legal stages and tournament procedures, and generate increased competitive interest in NorCal and across the United States. By the time the tournament series concluded with Tournament Go 6 in 2004, Matt Deezie had hosted the first 100-man tournament with the best players from all corners of the United States, such as , , and , in attendance. Meanwhile, other large nationals such as MELEE-FC and sprung up in different regions of the country. This initial surge of tournament activity paved the way for increased support from large video game organizations, such as Major League Gaming, into the young Melee scene.
==The "Golden Age" (2004-2008)==
The Golden Age of Super Smash Bros. Melee kicked off with Major League Gaming's addition of the game to its largest tournaments, such as MLG New York 2004. Following large public interest in these early events, MLG began expanding its presence in the Melee scene, featuring the Nintendo game at more and more of its big events. , , , , , and competed with a rising star in the form of for the top spots at MLG tournaments in 2005 and 2006; Ken was notably dubbed the "King of Smash" for his incredibly consistent level of dominance at these events. Major League Gaming's professional sponsorship resulted in large prize pools compared to the number of competitors (PC Chris won $10,000 for his victory at MLG Las Vegas 2006), creating a solid foundation for the nation's top players and the competitive community as a whole.
While MLG dropped Melee from its tournaments in 2007, EVO, another large fighting game tournament series, added the game to its roster the same year, generating new waves of excitement and interest in the competitive community. Although Smash Bros. had continually been criticized and shunned by the rest of the fighting game community for its unorthodox gameplay and perceived "casual" appeal, it had still made it into the largest video game tournaments through the dedication and persistence of the grassroots community. Following Ken's retirement from the game in 2007, a new challenger, , began to dominate Melee tournaments along with Mew2King, setting the stage of the competitive era in years to come.
==The "Dark Age" and the era of "The Five Gods" (2008-2013)==
After Nintendo released its newest Smash Bros. game in March 2008, Melee players questioned the survivability of their game as much of the community moved on to the new title. These fears turned out to be true, as 2008, commonly known as the Dark Age of Melee, became completely dominated by the Brawl scene; not a single Melee major was held for around a year, and the few small tournaments held registered paltry attendance numbers compared to those of just the year before. The Melee scene remained stagnant until held Revival of Melee in Nanuet, New York, in March 2009. This tournament was the first American event to feature Melees best players from across the country (such as , , , and ) since Pound 3 in February 2008, and was the beginning of a gradual revival in tournament attendance back to pre-Brawl levels. The renewed surge in attendance was aided by the fact that many Melee players disliked the slower, less combo-oriented gameplay of Brawl and returned to the former game shortly after its release. While EVO and Major League Gaming added Brawl to their major tournaments, the Melee community held on through a strong grassroots presence. Melee players' desires to remain a strong presence in the Smash scene led to the hosting of bigger and bigger tournaments, including GENESIS and Pound 4, and Melee was able to maintain tournament numbers similar to those of Brawl, even though the 2008 game attracted more newer Smash players than its predecessor.
Following the declining activity of Melees strongest players, such as , , Azen, and PC Chris, the tournaments of this age were dominated by The Five Gods: the five very best players of Super Smash Bros. Melee throughout this time period. These five players, , , , , and , won nearly every Melee tournament where at least two of them were in attendance from 2008 to 2015, while rarely losing tournament sets to players not among the gods themselves. The sole exception was , where Mango sandbagged for part of the tourney.
==The "Platinum Age" (2013-2018)==
The era of Melee after 2013 became known as the Platinum Age, characterized by an unprecedented, explosive spike in attendance numbers, and another transition from a largely grassroots scene to an increased connection and involvement with the rest of the eSports community. After EVO's announcement of a donation drive to feature an eighth title at the world's largest fighting game tournament, Melee It On Me and other groups organized efforts that raised nearly $95,000, allowing Melee to become the final featured game at EVO. Hosted from July 12th-14th, 2013, EVO drew a staggering 709 entrants, becoming the largest Melee tournament of all time. The tournament surpassed Pound 4, the previous record holder, by twice as many entrants, and was the third largest game at EVO, even though it had not been featured in the series since 2007. 
This landmark tournament, coupled with the October 2013 release of 's The Smash Brothers documentary, which detailed the history of the competitive Melee scene, is often attributed with creating a rejuvenated interest in the Melee scene that continued to break new grounds. Apex 2014 again topped the 600-entrant mark in January 2014, and the number of majors held sharply increased, but the biggest highlight of the year was the "Summer of Smash": Melee was to be featured at three of the world's largest fighting game tournaments in June and July. MLG Anaheim 2014, held from June 20th-22nd, marked the return of Smash Bros. to the stage of Major League Gaming after four years; this major was followed up by Melees appearance at CEO 2014. EVO 2014 continued to surpass expectations of the previous year's event by attracting nearly 1000 entrants, raising prospects over the potential of a game over a decade old. 
The excitement and energy generated by these three tournaments led to increased attention from the eSports scene as a whole, despite the fighting game community's persistent refusal to recognize Smash as one of their own. Many of the largest names in the competitive gaming industry, such as Cloud 9, Team Curse, and Evil Geniuses, began sponsoring Melees top players, creating further growth and interest from other members of the gaming community. Nintendo was initially extremely hostile towards the competitive Melee scene, as showcased by its attempt to block the streaming of the Melee portion of EVO 2013 (and, as later discovered, to shut down the event entirely). However, 2014 saw a completely unexpected turnaround, as Reggie Fils-Aimé of Nintendo of America made a guest appearance through video at EVO 2014 just a year later, congratulating the tournament's top eight finalists, and the company has even sponsored tournaments such as Apex 2015. 2014 also marked the release of Super Smash Bros. 4, but the game's release had no real effect on attendance for the Melee scene, as the Melee fanbase continued to play the older game instead of moving onto Smash 4 due to the latter game lacking the speed and technical demand that Melee had, similar to Brawl (but not to the same extent). Since Smash 4s release, Melee has continued to set new attendance milestones; Apex 2015 broke the 1,000 entrant mark in the winter of 2015, and EVO 2015's 1,869 entrants topped even its previous years, setting a record for the largest Melee tournament of all time. 
While The Five Gods had continued to dominate Melee majors in the new era, notably featuring 's two wins at EVO 2013 and 2014, and had emerged as true challengers to them, and are the only two players who have defeated all five in a tournament set. Following his rise in 2014, Leffen won B.E.A.S.T 5, marking the first non-God victory at a major with at least two in attendance since 2008; he won his first American major, CEO 2015, that same year, with three of the gods present. He also won Get On My Level 2016, defeating four gods all in a row without dropping a set. Plup became the second player after Leffen to win a major with two or more gods in attendance, taking DreamHack Atlanta 2017 over Hungrybox and Mew2King; he then won GENESIS 5, winning over Mango and Armada, and double eliminating Hungrybox.
There are some players whose level of skill lies just below the top players; these players are most commonly considered the "demi-gods". These players are known to frequently earn high placings in large tournaments, and even occasionally take sets off of the gods and other top players, but have yet to achieve the skill level or consistency of the players above them. In addition, and have each taken sets off of four of the gods, except for . , , , , , , SFAT, , , and have each beaten three of the gods.
Moreover, the Melee metagame has seen a major shift towards , the current undisputed best character in the game, sitting at the #1 spot on the tier list. Fox's incredible speed, mobility, combo ability, and KO power has given him a major increase in popularity far above the rest of the top tiers. Many former mains of other characters have picked up Fox as a main, attempting to improve their results by playing a more tournament-viable character. Most notably, Armada picked up the character to complement his , while switched over completely from .
===Tournaments in which all five gods participated===
Tournament 	Date 	Armada	Hungrybox	Mango 	Mew2King	PPMD
Pound 4 	January 16th-18th, 2010 	4th 	2nd 	1st 	5th 	9th
Apex 2010 	August 6th-8th, 2010 	2nd 	1st 	25th**	3rd 	4th
Pound V 	February 19th-21st, 2011 	2nd 	3rd 	17th**	5th* 	1st
GENESIS 2 	July 15th-17th, 2011 	1st 	4th 	2nd 	5th 	7th
Apex 2012 	January 6th-8th, 2012 	1st 	2nd 	3rd 	17th* 	5th
Apex 2013 	January 11th-13th, 2013 	1st 	5th 	4th 	3rd 	2nd
EVO 2013 	July 12th-14th, 2013 	4th 	3rd 	1st 	5th 	5th
MLG Anaheim 2014 	June 20th-22nd, 2014 	2nd 	7th 	1st 	3rd 	4th
EVO 2014 	July 11th-13th, 2014 	3rd 	2nd 	1st 	5th 	4th
Apex 2015 	January 30th-February 1st, 2015	2nd 	5th 	4th 	9th 	1st
GENESIS 3 	January 15th-17th, 2016 	1st 	3rd 	2nd 	9th 	6th
Battle of the Five Gods	March 17th-19th, 2016 	3rd 	1st 	2nd 	7th 	10th
*Mew2King forfeited in losers after losing to PPMD at Pound V and Wobbles at Apex 2012.
**Mango was sandbagging under his Scorpion Master alias.
==The "Chaos Age" and "The Fall of the Five Gods" (2018-2020)==
Towards 2016 and onward, many of the Five Gods stepped out of competitive Melee play. announced a hiatus in March 2016, citing numerous health issues. He returned to streaming Melee in 2019, though he is unsure of his future in bracket. formally retired from Melee once again in September 2018.
The release of Ultimate saw many top Melee players give the new game a fair shot, as was done with Brawl and SSB4. Unlike with those games, however, a significant portion of those Melee players continued to play Ultimate well after its release. All of the Five Gods, save for PPMD, and many other top Melee players have frequently live streamed the game and have entered Ultimate singles. Mew2King took a hiatus from Melee to play Ultimate and did not compete in Melee singles for 8 months until . Although continued to play Melee, he put a large amount of focus on Ultimate and achieved moderate success in bracket, culminating in him winning . He ultimately redirected his focus back to Melee, citing issues with Ultimate’s online service and his small local scene making it difficult for him to improve, among many other factors. After deciding to play Smash full-time, picked up and decided to commit more time to Ultimate while also commentating at several Ultimate tournaments. Several players have made good bracket runs as well: Wizzrobe impressively making top 8 for both Melee and Ultimate at ; Plup had placed 17th at and The Big House 9; and had placed 17th at and The Big House 9. Still others have seen less success in the game but acknowledge its importance, with commonly stating that Ultimate has made him a better Melee player.
2018 and 2019 marked a period of Hungrybox’s dominance; he won nine Melee tournaments in a row, starting from to before finally placing 2nd at . He still continued to place well and win other majors, placing 1st at , , , and Mainstage. This has sparked renewed discussion on ’s placement on the tier list, with Armada claiming that Jigglypuff is currently the best character in the game. Hungrybox’s dominance with what many perceived to be a highly defensive play style sparked discussion of a ledge grab limit, with one later being enforced at and Mainstage. 
Many new players also went on to defeat the remaining gods and win majors, some with unconventional characters. At , defeated early in winners, and Armada made an impressive losers run only to lose to in Grand Finals, marking Leffen’s first EVO win. claimed victory at over Mango and Hungrybox and has continued to be a threat to the gods; he later went on to win his first supermajor at as well, once again defeating Mango and Hungrybox. Wizzrobe earned his first supermajor victory at by double-eliminating Hungrybox, marking the first Melee supermajor won by a solo main since at all the way back in 2005. Similarly, took 1st at while defeating Zain, Mango, Leffen, and Wizzrobe, marking Axe’s first supermajor win and the first ever major win by a solo . The rise of unorthodox characters has spurred renewed interest in Melee, and rise of many new challengers to the Gods has signaled the end of their reign. 
In February 2019, it was revealed that , the tournament series responsible for Melees rise in popularity in 2013, would not feature the game in its next incarnation, instead relegating it to a side event. While arguably inevitable, this announcement drew some concern from the Melee fanbase, for it could possibly compel other fighting game tournaments to drop the game as well and thus lead to its eventual demise. Observers remarked, however, that worry over the exclusion of Melee from larger tournaments would do more damage to its popularity than the exclusion itself. Melee remained strong throughout the year even with the noticeable decline in interest thanks to the release of Ultimate and the reduced prominence of the Five Gods.
==The "Diamond Age" and The Rise of Netplay (2020-2024)==
Going into 2020, Melee retained its stature from the previous year. The circuit, with tournaments for both Ultimate and Melee, was established to provide players with a large, formalized prize pool across several major tournaments.
Similar to Ultimates competitive scene, tournament activity for Melee took a hit as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous tournaments being either delayed or cancelled, players remaining inside and not travelling abroad to attend the few tournaments that were open, and the MPGR and Smash World Tour being suspended to further dissuade players from attending in person events. Many Melee players began shifting to online netplay via modified versions of the Dolphin emulator, thus formally beginning an online tournament scene for the game. The use of delay-based netcode, however, meant international play was nearly impossible due to the drastic latency such long distance connections would introduce. Because of this, online tournaments were restricted to certain regions; as such, Melee tournament activity became far less common than that of Ultimate. Despite this, several tournament series such as , , and , managed to garner a regional-level size of attendance and many top players. Outside of these smaller scale tournaments, in place of Pound 2020 was , which drew nearly 1000 entrants for Melee and had beat out Hungrybox in grand finals.
As frustration with the state of netplay grew and online attendance waned, a surprise announcement was made on June 22nd, 2020. had announced that the team behind Project Slippi had managed to incorporate rollback netcode into Super Smash Bros. Melee, allowing Melee netplay to work over large distances with little latency. With the arrival of a viable, practical alternative to major international tournaments, many Melee players, along with some Ultimate players who were frustrated with the game's online service, began flocking to the netplay scene, thus allowing it to thrive.
With the increased attention to Project Slippi, however, came concerns that Nintendo would soon go after it and cancel events running it. On November 19th, 2020, the team behind The Big House, a series which saw tournaments sponsored by Nintendo, announced that Nintendo had sent them a letter over their use of Slippi for , the online replacement to the cancelled 10th installment of the tournament. This sparked outrage amongst the community and the hashtag "#FreeMelee" began trending on Twitter within minutes.
In July 2020, numerous allegations of sexual misconduct were risen on over 125 members of the Smash community, including some of Melees most well-known players and commentators. This resulted in many of these players being isolated from the community, and sparked widespread conversation over the unsafe environments created by Smash tournaments. Many community members argued that the largely grassroots nature of the tournament scene had failed to protect women and minors from sexual assault and sexual abuse.
Through the COVID-19 pandemic, online events continued with both minor and major hiccups including but not limited to Nintendo barring tournaments due to the use of Slippi. During this time period, Zain and Mango were widely considered to be the best players in North America, with them both taking numerous sets off each other at tournaments such as the . This era saw the rise and decline of many players, most notably n0ne's rise to a likely top 10 spot, and Hungrybox's sub-par performance. 
On July 15th, 2021, the first major offline tournament post-quarantine was held, . This marked the return of offline Melee and the continuation of in-person tournaments. The pandemic gave rise to a new generation of players nicknamed "Slippi kids" who started attending tournaments with varying results. Past Mango's win at Smash Summit 11, Zain's dominance continued into offline tournaments, with him taking 1st place at and . This period in time also saw the rise of Sheik player , who placed just behind Zain to take 2nd place at his first offline major post-quarantine. Many players would take 1st place spots at major tournaments during the late spring and summer of 2022, such as Leffen at , Hungrybox at , and iBDW at Smash Summit 13 and .
, held on October 7th, 2022, saw Japanese player finally win a Melee "supermajor". This win was noteworthy not only because The Big House 10 was considered to be the most difficult tournament of all time -- with 23 of the top 25-ranked players at the time having attended -- but because it was achieved solely with , a character long-considered to be mid-tier at best. As with Axe's Summit win in 2019, Amsa's 1st place finish at The Big House 10 with Yoshi would defend Melee against arguments of the game's limited number of tournament-viable characters.
The closing months of 2022 and beginning months of 2023 saw several harsh setbacks for competitive play, Melee included. November saw the cancellations of the and the . Due to the controversy that came with the cancellations, also disbanded, reverting the yearly rankings to the "SSBMRank" moniker. The beginning 2023 saw the end of the series following 's dissolution, while other teams that had Melee rosters such as followed suit or dropped their rosters. 
Despite these setbacks, majors continued to flourish with little setback. Most notably, the first two majors of the year -- the supermajor and the major -- were won by , marking the first major win for a solo-Sheik player. In addition, the gave the community a supermajor invitational for the first half of the year, taking the place of the Smash Summit that would have ran around the same time.
==See also==
*The Smash Brothers - documentary about seven of the greatest players before the era of the gods, with Mew2King and Mango being part of both groups
*Metagame (documentary)
*Tournament rulesets (SSBM)
*Top 100 Melee Players of All Time
*Super Smash Bros. 64 in competitive play
*Super Smash Bros. Brawl in competitive play
*Super Smash Bros. 4 in competitive play
*Super Smash Bros. Ultimate in competitive play
== Further readings ==
* Budding, E. (2019). The Book of Melee. - A detailed history of competitive Melee.
* Fabiszak, C. (2013). Team Ben: A Year as a Professional Gamer. - Wife's autobiography on the Golden Age of Melee (2001-2003).
* Rappaport, A. (2020). Melee is Broken: Super Smash Bros. Melee: An Interdisciplinary Esports Ethnography. Lulu Press, Inc. Thesis version free
==External links==
* Chillindude's History of a Smasher on SmashBoards
* Smash History: The Early Ages (2001-2003)
*Top 100 Melee Sets of All Time
*Top 100 Melee Sets of All Time Playlist
*YouTube playlist with nearly every single tournament set ever recorded with the Big Six
*Best Melee Sets of Every Year (2009 - 2024)
Category:Super Smash Bros. Melee
Category:Competitive play