nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Cremnitz white

== Description ==
A high quality form of lead white pigment that was made by a 19th century process. Cremnitz white is difficult to obtain because very little is currently produced. 
See lead carbonate, basic.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bianco Cremnitz (It.); Kremnitz white; Krems white
== Risks ==
* Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Creole marble

== Description ==
Several varieties of a mottled, coarse-grain marbles quarried in Pickens County, Georgia. Creole marble have a white or gray background with prominent bluish-black veins and clouds. The amount of coloring produces tones ranging from light to dark. They are commercially sold as Light Creole, Medium Creole and Dark Creole. Creole marbles are used in building construction.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Georgia creole; Georgia marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Creosol

== Description ==
A colorless, aromatic liquid that is a constituent of wood creosote.
==Risks== 
* ChemSRC: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water. Miscible in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, ether and glacial acetic acid.
Composition 	C8H10O2
Melting Point 	5.5 C
Density 	1.092 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 138.17
Boiling Point 	220 C
Category:Materials database
Creosote bush

== Description ==
Several types of aromatic shrubs from the species Larrea (especially L. tridentata and L. divaricata) that grow in the deserts of southwestern United States and Mexico. These evergreen bushes have yellow flowers and can live for 100 years. Creosote bushes may contain a lac scale insect that secretes a resin similar to shellac. The thermoplastic resin is hard and brittle when cool but workable when warmed. It has been used as an adhesive and waterproofing agent in native baskets and pottery.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Larrea tridentata; Larrea divaricata; creosote lac wax; cresosote bush gum
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 664
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Creosote oil (coal tar)

== Description ==
A brownish oil with a phenolic odor obtained from the distillation of coal tar. Creosote contains cresol and other phenolic compounds with approximately 12 to 14% anthracene. Prior to World War I, anthraquinone dyestuffs were prepared from the anthracene in creosote. Creosote has also been used as an insecticide, fungicide, biocide, and disinfectant. It is a common wood preservative for railroad ties, telephone poles, marine pilings, and shingles.
Creosote is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
creosota (Esp.); créosote (Fr.); creosote oil; liquid pitch oil; tar oil; dead oil of coal tar; heavy oil; anthracene oil
== Risks ==
* Flammable. Flash point >93 C (>200 F). 
* Suspected carcinogen. Irritating to skin, eyes and nose. Inhalation or ingestion of high quantities may be toxic. 
* Bartoline: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol, benzene and toluene. Insoluble in water.
Density 	1.050 g/ml
Boiling Point	200-400 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 250
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_tar (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Creosote oil (wood)

== Description ==
A yellowish oil with a phenolic odor that is obtained from the destructive distillation of wood, especially from beech, trees. Wood creosote contains creosol (not cresol) and other aromatic compounds. It is used as an antiseptic, parasiticide, deodorant, and expectorant for chronic bronchitis. Wood creosote is different from coal tar creosote.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
creasote; wood tar creosote; beechwood tar; beechwood creosote
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in water, glycerol, acid and alkaline solutions. 
* Immiscible in ethanol, chloroform, ether and oils.
* Boiling Point = 203-220 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Crepe

== Description ==
A lightweight, soft fabric with a finely crinkled surface. Crepe is made of silk, Rayon, cotton, wool, or synthetic fibers. The crinkled surface is made by either using twisted filling yarns, chemical treatment (sodium hydroxide), or a crepe weave. Crepe de Chine is a very lightweight silk crepe and Canton crepe is a heavier silk or rayon fabric. Crepe is used for dresses, blouses, undergarments, kimonos, and sleeping garments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
crape; crepe de Chine; Canton crepe; crêpe (Fr.); crepé (Esp.); ; Crêpe-charmeuse, Crêpe-chiffon, Crêpe de chine, Crêpe-georgette, Crêpe-lavable (een wasbare crêpe in zijde of rayon), Crêpe-marocain, Crêpe-mousseline, Crêpe-romaine, Crêpe-satin (Ned);
== Resources and Citations ==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Crepe." (Accessed 30 July 2004).
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Crepe paper

== Description ==
A crinkled, elastic tissue paper. The lightweight paper is crimped during the papermaking process. Early crepe paper was made by a dry crimping process, then, in 1902, a wet process crepe machine was made that enable the production of the soft, crinkled crepe paper that we currently use. Crepe paper is commonly used for decorations and wrapping.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
papier crêpé (Fr.); papel plisado (Esp.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Crepe rubber

== Description ==
A natural or synthetic rubber molded with a crinkled texture. It is commonly used for the soles of shoes. Originally crepe rubber was made with coagulated, but unvulcanized, natural rubber.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
crepé de caucho (Esp.);
== Resources and Citations ==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Crepeline

== Description ==
[Tassinari and Chatel, France] A brand name for a sheer, lightweight, open weave silk fabric. Crepeline is used as a support backing or for covering fragile textiles. In recent years, it has been superseded with Stabiltex polyester fabric for many applications.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
crepelina (Esp.); crêpeline van zijde of van polyester (Stabiltex) (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Creslan

== Description ==
[Sterling Fibers] A registered trademark for a lightweight, strong, wrinkle resistant acrylic. Creslan is a copolymer of acrylonitrile with acrylamide. It was first sold in 1956 by American Cyanamid. Creslan is durable in sunlight, exhibits resistance to acids and most cleaning solvents, but deteriorates in alkalis.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|creslan200m.jpg~SEM|creslan500m.jpg~SEM|CreslanTestfabrics.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Fiber X-54; Exlan
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Density = 1.17 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Sterling Fibers: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 12
* Rosalie Rosso King, Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Website: www.straw.com/sig/dyehist
* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
Category:Materials database
Cresol

== Description ==
A yellowish oil with a phenolic odor that is a constituent of coal tar creosote. Cresol is used as a parasiticide and a disinfectant (Lysol®). It is also used in photographic developers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cresylic acid; cresylol; tricresol; methylphenol; hydroxymethylbenzene; 3-cresol; 3-m-hydroxytoluene; m-cresylic acid;1-hydroxy-3-methylbenzene; m-oxytoluene;
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cresol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Irritating to skin, eyes and nose. 
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Hygroscopic. 
* Light sensitive. Air sensitive.
* Corrosive. 
* Flash point = 82 C ( 179.60 F) 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
* EPA lists cresol and cresylic acid as hazardous waste due to toxicity; concentrations over 10% must be disposed of appropriately
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water. Miscible in ethanol, benzene, ether, glycerol and alkalis.
Composition 	CH3C6H4OH
CAS 	1319-77-3
Density 	1.03 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=108.14
Refractive Index	1.542 (m-cresol)
Boiling Point 	195-205 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 251
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.542 (m-cresol)
Category:Materials database
Cresol purple

== Description ==
A purplish crystalline powder used as an acid-base indicator. Cresol purple changes from red to yellow over a pH range of 1.2 -1.8 and changes again from yellow to purple from pH 7.4 - 9.0.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cresol purple.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
meta-cresolsulfonphthalein; m-cresol purple; púrpura de m-cresol (Esp.); porpora cresolo (It.)
== Risks ==
* Inhalation, ingestion and contact may cause irritation and redness. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, water, dilute acid and dilute alkalis.
Composition 	C21H18O5S
CAS 	2303-01-7
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 382.44
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Sigma Dyes, Stains and Natural Pigments, Infrared Library, Nicolet, 1991-1995 Comment: OMNIC: formula= C21H18O5S, CAS= 2303-01-7
Category:Materials database
Cresol red

== Description ==
A reddish-brown crystalline powder used as an acid-base indicator. Cresol red changes from yellow to red from pH 7.2 - 8.8.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
o-cresol-sulfonphthalein; rosso cresolo (It.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cresol red.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in ethanol, water, dilute acid and dilute alkalis.
Composition 	C21H18O5S
CAS 	1733-12-6
Melting Point 	290 C (dec)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 382.42
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2647
* Sigma Dyes, Stains and Natural Pigments, Infrared Library, Nicolet, 1991-1995 Comment: OMNIC: formula= C21H18O5S, CAS= 1733-12-6
Category:Materials database
Cretaceous acid

== Description ==
Common name for carbonic acid prior to the 1800s when chemical compound names were standardized (Schur 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
carbonic acid; acid of chalk; acid of charcoal; aerial acid
==Resources and Citations==
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Crimp

== Description ==
A measurement of the waviness in wool or synthetic fibers. Crimp is expressed as a percentage of the fiber's natural length versus its extended, but unstretched, length.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rizado (Esp.); plooi (in materiaal) (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
Category:Materials database
Crimson lake

== Description ==
A transparent, ruby red natural organic pigment made from kermes dye. Crimson lake, which was originally called carmine lake, is made from an insect found on the kermes oak found in southern Europe. The dye is extracted with alkali then precipitated on alumina trihydrate. Crimson lake was used by ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. It was rarely used after cochineal based carmine lake became popular in the 16th century and it was discontinued in the 19th century with the introduction of madder and alizarin lakes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
carmine; Natural Red 3 (kermesic acid); laca crimson (Esp., Port.); lacca cremisi (It.); Florentine lake; kermes lake
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
ISO R105 Lightfastness Classification = 1-2
==Resources and Citations==
* H. Schweppe, H.Roosen-Runge, "Carmine-Cochineal Carmine and Kermes Carmine", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.Feller, M.Curran, C.Bailie, 'Identification of Traditional Organic Colorants Employed in Japanese Prints and Determination of their Rates of Fading', Japanese Woodblock Prints, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, 1984
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Crinkle

== Description ==
A wrinkled or puckered effect in fabric. Crinkle may be introduced in a fabric by using twisted or crimped yarns in fabric construction, by fabric treatment with caustic soda to unevenly shrink portions or by mechanical crimping during fabric finishing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kreuk (valse, ongewenste) vouw, rimpel, plooi (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
Category:Materials database
Crinkle yarn

== Description ==
A textured yarn produced when a yarn is fed into a stuffer box then heat-set to retain numerous folds and bends. Crinkle yarn has stretch, bulk, hand, and aesthetics of spun yarn.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gekreukt garen (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
Category:Materials database
Crinoline

== Description ==
Originally a petticoat made of horsehair fabric that was used in the mid-19th century to add volume to a skirt. A secondary definition for crinoline is as a stiff, coarse fabric made of linen, cotton or horsehair. Crinoline fabric was used to line and stiffen book bindings, hats, garments and petticoats. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
crinolina (Esp.); crinoline (hoepelrok, petticoat); crinoline (stof) (weefsel van garen en paardenhaar) (Ned);
== Resources and Citations ==
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crinoline (Accessed October 2020)
Category:Materials database
Cristobalite

== Description ==
A translucent quartz mineral named after Cerro San Cristobal, Mexico where it was first identified in 1887. Cristobalite is a natural, refractory material formed in volcanic rock. It can be made synthetically when quartz is heated above 1050 C. Small amounts of cristobalite in a ceramic glaze formula minimize crazing. Opals contain masses of microscopic cristobalite crystals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cristobalita (Esp.); cristobalite (Fr., Port.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Luster=Glassy 
* Streak = white 
* Nonfluorescent
Composition 	SiO2
CAS 	14464-46-1
Mohs Hardness 	6.5
Density 	2.2 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.485-1.487
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* WebMinerals: Cristobalite
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 647
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Critical angle

== Description ==
When a beam of light strikes the interface between an optically dense material, such as glass, and a less dense material, such as air, the light will normally pass through unless the angle of incidence of the ray is at or above the critical angle. The critical angle is the smallest angle of incidence at which total internal reflection occurs and the beam is reflected back into the incident medium. Critical angle is important for some analysis techniques, such as attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in infrared spectroscopy.
==Resources and Citations==
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_angle (Accessed Jan. 6, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Critical pigment volume concentration

== Description ==
The critical pigment to volume concentration (CPVC) is the point where there is just enough binder to fill the voids between the pigment particles. Paint concentration variations above and below this transition point exhibit markedly different film properties. A paint with a low binder volume may be matte, chalky and opaque with poor washability. A paint with a high proportion of binder may be glossy, semitransparent and have good washability.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
CPVC
==Resources and Citations==
* E. Hansen et al., Matte Paint, GCI, Los Angeles, 1993.
Category:Materials database
Crocetin

== Description ==
A bright yellow natural dyestuff. Crocetin is the primary colorant in saffron, crocus, wongsky, unki, gunari, and flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. Crocetin is a substantive dye that produces a strong yellow color on alum mordanted and unmordanted wool. Copper mordanting produces a greenish yellow shade.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
8,8'-diaporcarotenedioic acid; CI 75100; crocetina (Esp., It., Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble dilute alkali solutions and pyridine. Slightly soluble in water, organic solvents. 
* Forms a blue solution in concentrated sulfuric acid. 
* Forms dark red crystals from acetic anhydride extract. 
* Abs. max 464, 436, 411 nm
Composition 	C20H24O4
CAS 	27876-94-4
Melting Point	285 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 2578
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
* Judith Hofenk-de Graaff, Natural Dyestuffs: Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database