nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lithium chloride

== Description ==
White hygroscopic crystals. Lithium chloride is one of the most hygroscopic salts known. In a closed environment, a saturated solution of lithium chloride will form an equilibrium at a relative humidity of about 12.4% (20C). Lithium chloride salts are also used in pyrotechnics to produce red colors, as a desiccant, as a soldering flux, and as a carbon dioxide stabilizer in carbonate drinks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lithium salt of hydrochloric acid
== Risks ==
* Ingestion of excess amounts may cause an electrolyte imbalance and impaired renal function. 
* Noncombustible. 
* Skin and eye contact may cause irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, amyl alcohol and pyridine. 
Deliquescent point at 20C is 12.4 % RH (see saturated salt solutions)
Composition 	LiCl
CAS 	7447-41-8
Melting Point 	613 C
Density 	2.07 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 42.4
Refractive Index	1.662
Boiling Point 	1307 C
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index=1.662
Category:Materials database
Lithium chloride hygrometer

== Description ==
A formerly used type of hygrometer that measured humidity based on the function of temperature and electrical conductivity of a hygroscopic salt. Most lithium chloride hygrometers contain a bundle of glass fibers coated with a dry film of lithium chloride salt. The fibers are wrapped with metal wires connected to a continual ac source. When the fibers are dry they are nonconductive. When the fiber surfaces absorb moisture, they become conductive allowing a current to pass through the wire. This current heats the fibers which in turn drives off the moisture from the salt. Thus the wires are kept at the temperature required to just maintain dryness. This temperature can be directly converted to humidity. Lithium chloride hygrometers can take 3-10 minutes to respond to environmental changes (Thomson 1978). They require a continual electrical source.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.Thomson, The Museum Environment, Butterworths, London, 1978.
Category:Materials database
Lithium fluoride

== Description ==
A fine, white powder used as a welding and soldering flux. Lithium fluoride is also used in the manufacture of ceramic glazes, enamels, and glass. Lithium fluoride prisms were used in dispersive infrared spectrophotometers.
== Risks ==
* Corrosive to skin, eyes and membranes. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acids. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	LiF
CAS 	7789-24-4
Melting Point 	848 C
Density 	2.640 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 25.94
Boiling Point 	1681 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5557
Category:Materials database
Lithium hydroxide

== Description ==
A caustic white crystalline powder. Lithium hydroxide is used in photographic developing solutions. It is also used as a sorbent for carbon dioxide especially in spacesuits. Lithium hydroxide in used the in manufacture of alkyd resins and for the production of other lithium salts.
==Risks ==
* Corrosive to skin, eyes and membranes. 
* Inhalation and ingestion may be toxic. 
* EChemie: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol.
Composition 	LiOH
CAS 	1310-65-2
Melting Point 	471 C
Density 	2.54 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 23.95
Boiling Point 	924C (dec)
 
Category:Materials database
Lithium iodide

== Description ==
White deliquescent granules that are used in photography. Lithium iodide turns yellow on exposure to air due to the liberation of iodine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lithium iodide trihydrate
== Risks ==
* May be irritating to skin, eyes and membranes.
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone.
Composition 	LiI-3H2O
Melting Point	72 C
Density 	3.48 g/ml
Boiling Point	1171 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5561
Category:Materials database
Lithium oxide

== Description ==
A caustic white powder that absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air. Lithium oxide is used in the manufacture of ceramics and glass. At high temperatures, a solution of lithium oxide will attack glass, silica, and many metals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lithia
== Risks ==
* Corrosive to skin, eyes and membranes
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Li2O
CAS 	12057-24-8
Melting Point 	1570 C
Density 	2.013 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 29.88
Refractive Index	1.644
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5564
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: ref. index = 1.644
Category:Materials database
Lithograph

== Description ==
A planographic printing process developed in Germany in the 1790s. The technique relies on the tendency of water and oil to repel each other. Traditionally, a design is made on a lithograph stone with a lithograph crayon. The stone is wet with water. Ink is applied to the stone with a roller. The ink sticks where the crayon has been applied, and not where the stone is wet. Images are printed from the stone onto paper. 
Lithography was widely used to make posters in the 19th and 20th centuries. Later 20th century developments in lithography allowed greater freedom for artists to make designs in tusche or to use surfaces such as metal and plastic. 
== Additional Images ==
File:Johns 1980.jpg|thumb|Jasper JohnsMFA# 1980.38
File:2012.jpg|Honoré DaumierMFA# 2012.359
File:Lautrec 65 45.jpg|Henri de Toulouse-LautrecMFA# 65.45
==Resources and Citations==
* Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Lithography's First Half Century: the Age of Goya and Delacroix. 1996.
* Bamber Gascoigne, How to identify Prints. New York: 1986.
* Richard Benson, The Printed Picture. New York: 2008.
Category:Materials database
Lithograph crayon

== Description ==
A type of grease pencil used to draw an image on a flat surface for reproduction by the lithographic technique. The crayon lines attract and hold an oily ink used in the printing process. Litho crayons contain tallow or stearic acid, wax (carnauba, beeswax), resin (copal, shellac), and lampblack. They also contain an alkali, such as lye or potassium carbonate, to saponify the fatty acids. The ingredients are mixed, heated then cast into sticks for crayons or thin rods for pencils. They are available in varying hardness: five for the pencil type and seven for the crayon type. 
See also tusche.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
litho crayon; lithographic crayon
== Risks ==
* Halos may form when used on absorbent material. 
* Bloom may form on surface.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, turpentine. Slightly soluble in ethanol, water.
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Holben Ellis, M. Brigitte Yeh, "Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Lithograph ink

== Description ==
Oil-based inks applied as a thin, highly pigmented films to the printing paper using the lithographic process. Litho inks, also called litho varnishes, were composed of a heat-bodied linseed oil. The ink is smooth and homogeneous with finely ground particles. Litho inks vary greatly in their viscosity depending on their degree of polymerization and are sold in light, medium and heavy grades (Mayer 1969). The ink and pigments must be compatible with the vulcanized rubber used on many printing cylinders. In the 19th century many inks were diluted and extended with inexpensive petroleum products (Mills and White 1994). During the 20th century, numerous synthetic resin formulations came into use.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lithographic ink; encre lithographique (Fr.); litho ink; litho varnish; burnt-oil varnish; plate oil; offset ink
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in some organic solvents. May be slightly soluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* For problems on treating some types of inks, see AIC Book and Paper catalog. 
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Lithograph paper

== Description ==
A paper used for lithographic reproductions. Lithograph paper is usually a highly calendered paper made from bleached chemical wood pulp. Although some lower quality papers may contain a mixture of chemical pulp and mechanical pulp. In England, litho paper is usually made from esparto grass. Litho paper has a smooth surface that is water resistant and curl resistant. It may be coated on one or both sides with clay.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
litho paper; lithographic paper; offset paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 575
Category:Materials database
Lithograph stone

== Description ==
When the lithograph printing process was developed in 1796, Aloys Senefelder used a flat stone for the drawing and printing surface. A lithograph stone is usually a fine-grain limestone. Limestone is able to take a high polish but still retain enough porosity to accept the drawing lines. An oily liquid (tusche) or a greasy crayon (lithograph crayon) was used to draw the pattern on the stone. The drawn stone is treated with an etching solution of acid in gum arabic. The etch creates distinct greasy and non-greasy regions. Once the etchant is removed, the stone is sponged with water then rolled with an oil-based printing ink. The ink is attracted to the drawn, or greasy, areas while the water is retained in the etched areas. Paper is placed over the ink image, then rubbed, scraped, or pressed to transfer the image to the paper. Currently, lithographs are made on metallic sheets of zinc (zincograph) or aluminum.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
litho stone; lithographic stone; zincograph
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Lithography"
Category:Materials database
Lithol Rubine

== Description ==
[BASF] A trademark for the calcium salt of an azo red pigment. First synthesized in 1893, Lithol Rubine is a transparent red color that has fair lightfastness and good bleed resistance. It is used in paints, plastic, printing inks, and cosmetics.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|PR057.1 sun lithol rubine 219-0707 (with kaolin).TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pigment Red 57; CI 15850; BON pigment
== Risks ==
* May cause allergic reactions. 
* May be contaminated with cancer causing chemicals.
==Resources and Citations==
* B.Berrie, S.Q.Lomax, "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials" in Studies in the History of Art, No.57, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1997.
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Website: www.china-pigment.com
* B. Berrie, S.Q. Lomax, 'Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials', Studies in the History of Art , National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, No. 57, 1997
Category:Materials database
Lithol red

== Description ==
[BASF] A trademark for a series of bright red, metallic salts of a synthetic azo dye. First patented in 1899 by Paul Julius (BASF), Lithol reds are made by combining Tobias acid (2-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid) and beta-naphthol. Variations in colors are obtained by forming the salts with sodium, barium, calcium, and strontium cations. Lithol reds are inexpensive and widely used in printing inks, crayons, enamels, stationery, and industrial paints. They are also used as a colorants in some plastics. Lithol reds are not lightfast in sunlight and have only been used in student grade artists paints. 
* Na salt: yellowish red, PR 49, CI 15630, water soluble 
* Ba salt: bluish pink, PR 49:1, CAS 1248-18-6
* Ca salt: bright red, PR 49:2, CAS 1103-38-4
* Sr salt: purplish red, PR 49:3, CAS 1103-39-5
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lithol toner; Pigment Red 49; CI 15630; 1-sulfo-beta-naphthalene-azo-beta-naphthol; Harrison Red
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|PR049.1 sun barium lithol 210-4200.TIF~FTIR Ba Sun(MFA)|PR49-1 Barium Lithol red1.PNG~FTIR Ba Magruder(MFA)|PR049.2 sun calcium lithol red 211-4620.TIF~FTIR Ca red(MFA)|PR049.2 sun calcium lithol maroon 211-4980.TIF~FTIR Ca maroon(MFA)|PR49-2 Calcium Lithol red (magruder RL1082-dc).PNG~FTIR Ca Magruder(MFA)|PR49-2 Calcium Lithol red (magruder RL1348-dc).PNG~FTIR Ca y-s Magruder(MFA)]]]
== Risks ==
* May cause allergic reactions. 
* May be contaminated with cancer causing chemicals.
== Comparisons ==
Pigment number	Manufacture	Pigment name 	Manufacture CI number	Comments
PR49:1 	Magruder 	barium lithol red 	rl1204-dc 	
PR49:1 	Sun 	barium lithol red 	210-2400 	
PR49:2 	Magruder 	calcium lithol red 	rl1082-dc 	
PR49:2 	Magruder 	calcium lithol red y_s	rl1348-dc 	
PR49:2 	Sun 	calcium lithol red 	211-4620 	
PR49:2 	Sun 	calcium lithol maroon 	211-4980 	
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Poor lightfastness. 
* Composition = C20H14N2O4S
== Resources and Citations ==
* H. A. L. Standeven, "The History and Manufacture of Lithol Red, A Pigment Used by Mark Rothko in his Seagram and Harvard Murals of the 1950s and 1960s" Tate Papers, Issue 10, 2008. Link 
* B.Berrie, S.Q.Lomax, "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials" in Studies in the History of Art, No.57, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1997.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Litmus

== Description ==
A natural, blue dye extracted from certain lichens, such as Roccella tinctorum or Lecanora tartarea. Litmus is water soluble and may have been occasionally used as a watercolor pigment, textile dye, or wood stain. In alkaline solutions (above pH 8.3) litmus turns blue and in acid solutions (below pH 4.5) it is red. The neutral tint is violet. Litmus is a widely used acid-base indicator, either in solution or on dyed paper strips. Other natural dyes, archil, logwood, turmeric, and turnsole, are also acid-base indicators.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lichen blue; lakemus; Roccella tinctorum; Lecanora tartarea
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water.
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Litmus." (Accessed 15 Apr. 2004).
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5574
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Litmus paper

== Description ==
An unsized white paper that has been impregnated with litmus dye for use as acid-base indicator. The most common type of litmus paper will turn red when exposed to an aqueous solution with a pH below 4.5, and turn blue with alkaline solutions above pH 8.3.. Some moisture must be present for the reaction to occur. Other natural (archil, turnsole, turmeric, logwood, etc.) and synthetic dyes (Congo red) are used to make pH paper with varying ranges of color changes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
litmus test paper; litmus strip; Lackmuspapier (Deut.); papier tournesol (Fr.); papier réactif (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
Category:Materials database
Live oak

== Description ==
Any North American evergreen oak, such as Quercus virginiana (southern U.S. and Mexico) or Quercus agrifolia (California). The light brown wood of the live oak tree is strong and hard. Its wood was once highly valued by shipbuilders. Now it is mainly grown as a shade tree.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
encino; southern live oak (Quercus virginiana); coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_oak (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Lizard skin

== Description ==
Leather made from the skin of various lizards. Lizard skin may be tanned with vegetable or inorganic tannins. Its texture has many tiny scales usually with an interesting color variation. Lizard skin is primarily used for purses and shoes but has at times, been used for decoration of book covers (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
lizardskin; piel de lagarto (Esp.); peau de lézard (Fr.); hagedissenleer (Ned); pele de lagarto (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Llama

== Description ==
A member of the camel family (Lama glama) native to the high altitude regions of western South America. Llamas have been domesticated and are raised for their fleece and milk as well as being used for transportation and carrying packs. Llama fleece contains thick coarse outer hairs along with downy, soft inner hairs. The fine hairs can be 12 inches (30 cm) in length. The fleece is sheared yearly. The guard hairs are used for ropes and rugs while the softer underfur is used for sweaters, blankets, hats, and clothing. Llama hair is not as highly valued as alpaca or vicuna hair. 
Other similar species are: alpaca, vicuna, and guanaco. The juarizo is a crossbreed with a llama father and an alpaca mother. The opposite combination (llama mother and alpaca father) is called a paco.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Lama glama;; juarizo; paco; Lama (Deut., Fr., It., Ned., Pol., Sven.); llama (Esp.); lhama (Port.);
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Fiber length = 30 cm (undercoat). 
* Medulla is narrow and often pigmented. 
* Cross section is circular to ovoid
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "llama." Accessed 13 Dec. 2004.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database