Culture and Sport Glasgow

==Background to the Formation of Culture and Sport Glasgow==
In November 2005, in the wake of the Cultural Commission making its final report to the Scottish Executive and responsibility for its implementation largely having been delegated to local authorities, the Policy and Resources Committee of Glasgow City Council (GCC) approved Glasgow’s Cultural Strategy.Glasgow City Council, Policy and Resources Committee Minutes, November 2005. In her introduction to this document, Bridget McConnell, then Executive Director of Cultural and Leisure Services (CLS), affirmed the link between cultural participation and economic regeneration, highlighted the continued need for private investment in Glasgow and noted that cultural tourism accounted for 37% of all tourism to the city Bridget McConnell in C. Landry (ed) Glasgow: The People, The Place, The Potential. Glasgow’s Cultural Strategy (accessed 11 February 2008). 
In August of the following year, McConnell reminded the newly-formed Policy Development and Scrutiny Committee that the Strategy ‘provided an integrated policy framework that gave long-term direction to the development and provision of cultural activity within the city.’ The direction advocated by McConnell, outlined in a written report to the Executive Committee the following month,Bridget McConnell, Extension of Pathfinder Project – Culture and Sport: Report by Bridget McConnell, 15 September 2006 was swiftly taken up by Councillor John Lynch, Executive Member for Culture and Sport – who proposed, as per McConnell’s recommendations, that service reform be extended into culture and sport, that a Social Enterprise be created to manage the Council’s cultural and sporting services, which would lead to clear gains in service delivery, fund-raising potential and business development while saving the Council money. At the same meeting, Councillors Steven Purcell and Aileen Colleran instructed McConnell ‘to prepare a detailed business plan to establish the most efficient and effective structure for a Social Enterprise for the delivery of the Council’s Cultural and Leisure Services’, which should define the scope of the organisation, the level of funding required from the Council, and any staffing, tax and legal implications.Glasgow City Council Executive Committee Minutes, 15 September, 2006. Notes 3C(3)(a) and (b).
==Belated Internal Consultation on the New Structure==
Accordingly, international accounting and consultancy firm, Grant Thornton, was contracted to ‘provide information on Glasgow City Council Cultural and Leisure Services for the purpose of transferring the division to a new company’.Grant Thornton, Glasgow City Council Pathfinder for Cultural and Leisure Services: Outline Business Case, January 2007. Reporting in January 2007, the model assumed a 1 April start date and an annual turnover in excess of £90 million. As instructed, the creation of a company was recommended, limited by guarantee with charitable status, with the council as its sole member, and an additional trading arm, or Community Interest Company (CIC) to carry out those functions not deemed charitable by HM Revenue and Customs but gifting all income to the charity. The report alluded to informal discussions having taken place between Burness legal advisors, CLS management and the Office of the Scottish Charities Regulator (OSCR) which convinced the parties concerned that the limited company would satisfy the Charity test. The proposal further suggested that all property remain with the Council, being leased to the new charity for 25 years at a peppercorn rent, that grant-giving powers be retained by GCC and that all staff transfer over, with all pay and benefits reviews having been completed by the proposed transfer date of 31 March 2007.
The rationale for these wholesale changes re-iterated McConnell’s strategy and was centred on the benefits of charitable status such as the absence of tax on rental income and rates relief of up to 100% (80% mandatory; 20% discretionary). In addition to savings, increased development opportunities were identified, via retail and venue hire and via external funding, drawing on the precedent of the Kelvingrove Refurbishment Appeal. It was also stated that ‘the management team has identified new business development opportunities, particularly under the heading of Intellectual Property’.Grant Thornton, Glasgow City Council Pathfinder for Cultural and Leisure Services: Outline Business Case, January 2007, p.16. The only notable legal concern in the document was raised in relation to procurement and state aid, with the team expressing reasonable confidence that precedents suggested challenges would not be made, but that the possibility of a challenge could not be excluded.Grant Thornton, Glasgow City Council Pathfinder for Cultural and Leisure Services: Outline Business Case, January 2007, p.61.
==Formation of Culture and Sport Glasgow==
The outcomes of Grant Thornton’s work were presented at the GCC Executive Committee on 2 February 2007, in advance of which McConnell ‘recommended that Members instruct the Chief Executive [herself] to complete all necessary arrangements to establish the Company Limited by Guarantee with Charitable Status and put in place the appropriate management arrangements to effect the transfer of staff and assets in line with the proposals included within this report by 1 April 2007 to ensure that the Charitable Company is fully operational by 31 March 2007’.Bridget McConnell, Extension of Pathfinder Project – Culture and Sport: Report by Bridget McConnell, 2 February, 2007. The Council approved the establishment of Culture and Sport Glasgow, agreeing that the interim board would be comprised of the Lord Provost Liz Cameron and Councillors Steven Purcell (Leader of the Council), John Lynch, Archie Graham (Chair of the CLS Policy Development and Scrutiny Committee), Ruth Simpson (City Treasurer) and John Mason (Leader of the Opposition), Bridget McConnell (as Executive Director) and four external members: Sir Angus Grossart, Lord Stevenson of Coddenham (Chairman of HBoS), Lord Macfarlane of Bearsden and George Reid (Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament). It is interesting to note, however, that Culture and Sport Glasgow and its trading arm had already been incorporated as private limited companies six weeks earlier, on 22 December 2006.
==Reactions to the Creation of Culture and Sport Glasgow==
The main challenge to the moves outlined above came from Unison. Representing the majority of affected public sector workers, the union objected to the proposal on several grounds – that workers would suffer,MacDermid, A. and Braiden, G. Council staff stage pay deal protest at Kelvingrove event. The Herald. 7 November 2006, p.8. that the successful fundraising undertaken in relation to the Kelvingrove renovation was a spurious precedent for guaranteeing future funding, which might contribute further pressure to seek private investment, that democratic accountability (beyond the ‘lucky six’ councillors appointed to the board) would be lost in relation to a number of key services, leading to an ‘arms-length’ private company, that the scheme represented a tax dodge, explicitly prohibited within Labour Party policy, and that this move would compromise the credibility and fundraising potential of legitimate charities Unison. Culture and Leisure Trust: Unison’s Twin Track Approach (accessed 9 February 2008). Anon.O Rose, thou art sick! Outsourcing Glasgow’s Cultural and Leisure Services Variant, 29, pp.30-1. Unison swiftly mounted a legal challenge, applying for an interim interdict against the Council’s proposals in March 2007,Gerry Braiden 'Legal bid to halt culture transfer plan: Unison in court challenge over libraries', The Herald, 29 March 2007. and seeking a judicial review of the process, both of which were unsuccessful.Gerry Braiden 'Union’s court move fails to halt transfer of museums and libraries to charitable trust', The Herald. 30 March 2007. Gerry Braiden 'Union’s culture trust challenge fails on 120-year-old change in law', The Herald, 7 June 2007. In January 2007, as a result of similar concerns, Culture Minister, Patricia Ferguson, had also sought reassurance about the legality of the move.Paul Hutcheon 'Executive queries legality of new culture trust: Glasgow council’s bid to hand over libraries and museums hits legal snag', The Sunday Herald, 4 February 2007, p.28.
Another objection was made by Scots Tory MEP, Struan Stevenson, on the grounds that the creation of a new company to oversee culture and leisure should have been put out to tender and that the state cannot directly or indirectly subsidise a company.John McCann, 'Glasgow museums trust faces Euro probe: Investigation over claims charity is operating illegally', Evening Times, 3 May 2007, p.2. Responding to the claims of a whistleblower presumed to be a high-level GCC official, Stevenson seized upon the potential for legal challenge identified by Grant Thornton to spark an enquiry at the European Commission. Competition commissioner Neelie Kroes passed the matter over to European Commissioner, Charlie McCreevy who is widely acknowledged to be in favour of free markets.Mahony (2004), ‘Free marketers in top commission posts’, EU Observer, 13 August 2004 (accessed 8 December 2007). McCreevy contacted the Scottish Executive on 10 April 2007 which, just days before Bridget McConnell’s husband lost his role as First Minister, penned a joint response with GCC, refuting any claims of illegality, which was accepted by the Commission.Gerry Braiden, Commissioner clears city over culture and sport trust claims The Herald, 30 August 2007 (accessed 7 April 2008).
Despite the £1.5million Glasgow City Council invests in broadsheet advertising every year, Scotland’s main newspapers reported the controversies surrounding the creation of Culture and Sport Glasgow, including legal challenges to the scheme, and published angry readers’ letters and blogs.M.E. Mackenzie, 'Legal Challenge to Rushed Decision on Culture and Sport' The Herald, 29 March 2007 (accessed 11 April 2008). The tabloid Evening Times greeted with scepticism the appointment of James Doherty as a £52,000 p.a. spin doctorMarianne Taylor 'Culture trust’s first priority…hire £52,000 spin doctor', Evening Times, 13 April 2007, p.17. to announce that ‘the people of Glasgow will only learn about major cultural decisions if trust bosses decide to issue a press release’.Iain Lundy, 'You’ll know about culture plans…if we want you to: Trust set to pick and choose what it tells the public', Evening Times, 30 March 2007, p.27. The pages of the same paper were used to allay fears that charitable companies like Culture and Sport Glasgow would not be vulnerable to the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act 2002. Council Leader and CSG Board member, Steven Purcell, reassured citizens that ‘a commitment to meeting all the Freedom of Information requests currently met by Cultural and Leisure Services is guaranteed as Culture and Sport Glasgow is a publicly owned company and is therefore obliged to comply with the legislation’.Brian Currie 'No hiding place for secrets in our new city leisure trusts: Freedom of Information pledge by Purcell', Evening Times, 8 March 2007, p.7.
==Culture and Sport Glasgow (company and charity)==
Culture and Sport Glasgow is registered in Scotland No SC313851 with its registered office at 20 Trongate, Glasgow G1 5ES. Culture and Sport Glasgow is a company limited by guarantee and is registered as a charity (No SCO37844) with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator. Culture and Sport Glasgow (Trading) CIC is registered in Scotland No SC313850 with its registered office at 20 Trongate, Glasgow G1 5ES.
Culture and Sport Glasgow reports to a Board of 11 Directors, which comprises six elected members, four independent Directors and the Chief Executive of Culture and Sport Glasgow as folows:
Elected Members:
* Bailie Liz Cameron (Chair)
* Councillor Steven Purcell, Leader of the Council
* Councillor Archie Graham, Executive Member for Culture and Sport
* Councillor Stephen Curran, City Treasurer
* Councillor James Dornan
* Councillor Aileen Colleran
Of these, the three most important are the Partner Directors Liz Cameron, Archie Graham and Steven Purcell.
Independent Directors:
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* The Rt Hon The Lord Macfarlane of Bearsden KT
* Sir Angus Grossart
* The Rt Hon George Reid
* The Lord Stevenson of Coddenham
Chief Executive of Culture and Sport Glasgow
* Bridget McConnell
==Notes==