nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Scapolite

== Description ==
Any of several fluorescent silicates used as gemstones. Scapolites are transparent to translucent stones that occur in pastel shades of yellow, pink, lavender, purple, and cat's eye. Two types of scapolites are: marialite (sodium aluminosilicate), and meionite (calcium aluminosilicate). Scapolites are mined in Myanmar (formerly Burma), East Africa, Sweden (Kiruna), Australia (Queensland), Canada (Quebec, Ontario-yellow), the U.S. (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and Mexico (Oaxaca-white).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wernerite (former group name); marialite; meionite; sodalite; dipyre (now used for the marialite-rich variety); mizzonite (now used for the meionite-rich variety); escapolite (Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Short, square prismatic crystals 
* Cleavage is distinct in two directions 
* Fracture = conchoidal to uneven 
* Streak = white 
* Luster = vitreous 
* Fluorescence = inert to strong pink, yellow, or orange
* Pleochroism = moderate to strong blue in pink, purple and violet stones
Mohs Hardness 	5.0 - 6.0
Density 	2.3-2.8 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.483 - 1.600
Birefringence 	0.005 - 0.038 (increases as RI increases)
==Resources and Citations==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Mineralogy Database: Scapolite
* Wikipedia: Scapolite (Accessed Dec 2022)
Category:Materials database
Scarlet lake

== Description ==
Originally, scarlet lake was prepared from cochineal. Since the late 19th century, scarlet lake has been made with synthetic red colorants, such as an azo dye, precipitated on barium sulfate. Scarlet red is not used as an artist pigment because it is fugitive and may bleed in oil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pigment Red 60; CI 16105; laque écarlate (Fr.); laca escarlate (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Azo dyes may be carcinogenic
Category:Materials database
Scarlet oak

== Description ==
A medium size oak tree, Quercus coccinea, native to the central and eastern parts of North America. The scarlet oak has a strong, reddish brown wood with a coarse grain. It is used for interior millwork.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Quercus coccinea;
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* A medium tree growing to 25 m with a rounded crown. 
* Bark=brown developing ridges and furrows with age. 
* Leaves=oval with deep sinuses and seven bristle-tipped lobes. 
* Fruit=small oval acorn with large shiny cap, maturation takes two years.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 556
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Scarlet vermilion

== Description ==
Vermilion with a darker or non-yellowish shade (Mayer 1969).
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Scavengel

== Description ==
[Art Preservation Services, NY] A former brand name for humidity buffering gel and tiles. The tiles, now called RHapid PAK are shallow plastic trays that contain silica gel enclosed in a nonwoven polyolefin fabric. The covering allows moisture vapor passage in both directions. The silica gel is preconditioned to a set humidity, usually 43% RH, to provide a stable moisture content in a closed environment. 
==Resources and Citations==
* Art Preservation Services: Website 
* S. Weintraub 'Demystifying Silica Gel' Link
Category:Materials database
Schappe

== Description ==
A yarn spun from partly degummed silk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
chappe; spun silk
==Resources and Citations==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Scheele's green

== Description ==
A highly poisonous green pigment composed of copper arsenite. Scheele's green was discovered in Sweden in 1775 by Carl W. Scheele, a German chemist, but he did not publish the recipe until 1778. It is a bright, warm yellowish-green with good opacity. Scheele's green was never widely used as a paint pigment because it was toxic and discolored in the presence of acid or sulfur fumes. Currently, copper arsenite is used as a rodenticide, insecticide, fungicide, and wood preservative.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copper arsenite; cupric arsenite; Pigment Green 22; CI 77412; mineral green; ash green; vert de Scheele (Fr.); Scheelesgrün (Deut.); verde di Scheele (It.); Swedish green; Schloss Green
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Scheele's green (Forbes 9.06.3) resize.jpg~Raman (MFA)|ScheelesUCL.jpg~Raman (UCL)]]]
== Risks ==
* Extremely toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* Human carcinogen. 
* May produce toxic arsenic fumes when decomposed by fungi.
* NIH: Info and SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in mineral acids. Insoluble in water. 
* Decomposes in alkalis. 
* Darkens in the presence of sulfur or lead compounds.
Composition 	CuHAsO3
Refractive Index	1.55 - 1.75
==Resources and Citations==
* I.Fiedler, M Bayard, "Emerald Green and Scheele's Green", Artists Pigments, Volume 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* R. Newman, E. Farrell, 'House Paint Pigments', Paint in America , R. Moss ed., Preservation Press, New York City, 1994
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigments'
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 610
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Wikipedia Scheele's Green
Category:Materials database
Schist

== Description ==
A group of medium-grain, metamorphic rocks that have parallel layers of lamellar minerals, such as mica, chlorite, talc, hornblende, and graphite. Quartz is often present as a secondary mineral. Schists are formed at high temperatures from shale, clay, or mud. They cleave easily along the foliated planes. Schists are usually named for their predominant mineral constituent, such as mica schist, hornblende schist, chlorite schist, and talc schist. The exception occurs when a schist is named for an unusual mineral constituent such as garnet schist, tourmaline schist, and glaucophane schist.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
siltstone; greywacke; esquisto (Esp.); schiste (Fr.); xisto (Port.); Schiefer (Deut.); schist (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1984
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* R.F.Symmes, T.T.Harding, Paul Taylor, Rocks, Fossils and Gems, DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Schmincke Gouache

== Description ==
[Schmincke] Several commercial brands of gouache paint. Schmincke Gouache paints are opaque, water-dilutable colors systems that dry quickly. 
Available series include:
* Series 12: Horadam® Fine Artist's Gouache - binder is gum arabic based (MSDS) except for zinc white (MSDS),
* Series 15: Kueppers' Gouache - binder is gum arabic (MSDS), 
* Series 22: AKADEMIE Gouache - binder is polyvinyl resin (MSDS)
* Series 25: HKS® Designers Gouache - binder is gum arabic (MSDS), 
* Series 27: Finest Artist's Calligraphy Gouache - binder is gum arabic (MSDS)
==Resources and Citations==
* Schmincke: Website
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Schweitzer's reagent

== Description ==
A reagent test solution used to identify wool. Schweitzer's solution contains copper hydroxide dissolved in ammonia. The liquid dissolves cotton, silk, and linen but not wool. Many synthetic fibers do not dissolve in the solution. The solution is also used in the papermaking industry to dissolve cellulose in order to measure its average molecular weight.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Schweitzers reagent; Schweitzer's solution; cuprammonium hydroxide; ammoniacal cupric oxide; cuam; cupram
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Solution: dissolve 5 g cupric sulfate in 100 ml boiling water and add sodium hydroxide until precipitation is complete. Wash precipitate well then dissolve in minimum amount of ammonium hydroxide.
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980
Category:Materials database
Sciences & Patrimoine Culturel

= Culture et recherche =
Culture et Recherche is the publication of the French Ministry of Culture and Communication dedicated to research in the various fields of culture: mmuseums, historical buildings, archaeology, libraries, archives, photography, cinema, music, theater... This publication is available online in the French-language gateway created by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication. It is aimed at professionals working in preservation / restoration and students of the discipline. This site provides: information on French research laboratories and restoration workshops, methods, techniques and current activities in preservation / restoration; conference programmes; a directory of resources; and links to other relevant websites, catalogues, and image databases.
Web Address 	http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Ressources/Publications-du-ministere/Tous-les-numeros-de-Culture-et-recherche
Contact 	culture-et-recherche@culture.gouv.fr
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Publishes newsletter
Related links
Searchable 	No
Website Languages 	French
Category:Directory
Scoparin

== Description ==
A yellowish green colorant extracted from the leaves and branches of Spartium scoparium.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in methanol, hot water, ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, acetone, pyridine. Insoluble in cold water, ether, chloroform, benzene 
* UV max 345, 270 nm
* Melting Point = 253 C
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 8250
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876 Comment: p. 299
Category:Materials database
Scored calf

== Description ==
An embossed calfskin leather. Scored calfskin had indentation made to imitate the appearance of grained morocco. Embossed leathers were popular in England in the early 19th century.
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Scoria

== Description ==
A dark, bubble-filled, glassy, rock formed from lava. Large areas of scoria are found in volcanic craters and frothy areas of the magma flow.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
volcanic cinders; scum; dross; pahoehoe; escoria (Esp.); scorie volcanique ( Fr.); escória (Port.); scoria (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Anne Grimmer, Glossary of Building Stone Terms, A Glossary of Historic Masonry Deterioration Problems and Preservation Treatments, National Park Service, Washington DC, 1984
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "scoria." Accessed 9 Dec. 2004.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoria (accessed Dec. 9, 2004)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Scotch Magic tape

== Description ==
[3M, St Paul, MN] A registered trademark for a series of adhesive tapes. Scotch Magic tapes have a cellulose acetate substrate with an acrylic adhesive. It is available as either a frosted (#810) or transparent tape (#800). Acetone will dissolve the carrier.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aai3M-SCOTCHADH.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Scotch Magic Mending tape
== Risks ==
* Yellows and becomes brittle with age. May be difficult to remove.
==Resources and Citations==
* Soluble in acetone.
== Resources and Citations ==
* 3M: Scotch Adhesive products
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Ceramics and Glass Conservation Section, List of Workshop Materials, The British Museum, London
Category:Materials database
Scotch glue

== Description ==
1) A traditional cabinetmakers glue made from boiled animal hoof clippings. Scotch glue was stronger than rabbitskin glue or parchment glue.
2) [3M, St Paul, MN] A registered trademark for a series of adhesive products.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1) Wetherall
==Resources and Citations==
2) 3M: Scotch Adhesive products
Category:Materials database
Scotch pine

== Description ==
A large pine tree, Pinus sylvestris, native to Eurasia and imported to North America. The Scotch pine has tough light brown wood, often called red deal. Its lumber is used for millwork and it is an important conifer for timber in Europe.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pinus sylvestris; pino albar, pino Valsaín (Esp.); pin sylvestre (Fr.); casquinha (Port.); pino silvestre (It.); Scots pine; red pine; red deal; Baltic pine; Scotch fir
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Paper fiber type: softwood, hard pine. Using transmitted light microscopy, fibers are identified by the presence of fenestriform pits that occur in doubles and singles across the fiber. Dentate ray tracheids are present. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: varies with pulping and bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length 3.1mm, width 35μm. Common pulping method: kraft and sulfite.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Schoch, W., Heller, I., Schweingruber, F.H., Kienast, F., 2004:Wood anatomy of central European Species: Common Pine, Scots Pine, Pinus silvestris L.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 614
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995. 
* Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
Category:Materials database
Scotch tape

== Description ==
[3M, St Paul, MN] A registered trademark for a series of semitransparent or transparent pressure-sensitive tapes. Scotch® tapes were introduced in 1925. The initial tapes had cellophane substrates with a natural rubber adhesive mixed with oils and resin (Hatchfield 2001). These early tapes became brittle and yellow with age and often emitted oily (BHT antioxidants) and volatile (sulfur, formic acid, formaldehyde) products. Since 1953, Scotch® tapes have a more stable cellulose acetate substrate with acrylic adhesives.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Scotch tape (sp); Selotape (England)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in acetone.
== Resources and Citations ==
* 3M: Scotch Adhesive products
* P.Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Scotchguard

== Description ==
[3M, St Paul, MN] A registered trademark for a series of fabric cleaners and stain repellent finishes. Scotchguard® is a fluorocarbon spray that coats fibers with a thin water and grease repellent film. It is used on upholstery, carpets, and clothing.
==Resources and Citations==
* 3M: Fabric and Upholstery Protector
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Scotchlite Glass bubble

== Description ==
[3M, St Paul, MN] A brand name for microscopic hollow glass spheres generally used as a lightweight filler. Glass bubbles are made from a soda-lime borosilicate glass that softens above 715C. The tiny, transparent bubbles, also called microballoons, visually appear as a free flowing white powder. Glass bubbles are made in diameters of 149 and 177 micrometers and are available in a range of densities from 0.12 to 0.41 grams per milliliter. 
See also microballoon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microsphere; microballoon; glass sphere; microesferas de vidro (Port.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Size: 149-177 microns
==Resources and Citations==
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Scott's cement

== Description ==
A type of gypsum cement. Scott's cement is made with finely powdered gypsum mixed with lime to accelerate cure. It is a hard, white finish plaster.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gypsum cement
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 386
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Scraperboard

== Description ==
A British term for scratchboard.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
scraper board; scratchboard
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Scratch

== Description ==
(Noun) A score or mark on a surface made with a sharp or pointed object.
== Images ==
File:Aphrodite 017634.jpg|400px|See cheek and chinMFA# 01.7634
File:Cochiti bowl 1990239.jpg|Scratches on surface MFA# 1990.239
File:Mech.damage_scratch_ICOMOS.jpg|Scratches on limestonePhoto credit: V. Vergès-Belmin 
== Resource or Citation==
* Oxford Dictionary: Scratch
* ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
Category:Materials database
Scratch coat

== Description ==
A base layer of plaster. The scratch coat is composed of coarse filling material. Once it is applied to the laths, the surface is scratched with a comb to provide grooves for adhering the next layer (brown coat).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
rough coat; coarse stuff
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* NPS Briefs at www2.cr.nps/tps/briefs/brief21.htm
Category:Materials database
Scratchboard

== Description ==
A cardboard primarily designed for white-line-on-black drawings. Scratchboard is a cardboard coated with a smooth white gesso then covered with a thin layer of ink which is typically black. The drawing is made by scraping lines in the ink layer to reveal the white underneath. Scratchboard drawing was introduced in the 19th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
scratch board; scratch-board; scraperboard (Br.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Screening

== Description ==
A fine wire or plastic mesh used for window and door screens.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
screen cloth; fly lattice; fly wire; screen
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 872
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Screenprint

== Description ==
Prints produced by forcing ink through design-stenciled fine mesh screens. Screens are made from silk, nylon, or polyester fabric on which the non-printing areas are blocked out with lacquer, shellac, or glue. A squeegee is used to force ink through the regions of the fabric that remain porous. The resultant prints have thick, uniform areas of color. The fabric screens can be prepared with light sensitive coatings to transfer images from photographs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
screen print; screenprinting; silk screen; silkscreen; stencil print; serigraph; serigraphy; zeefdruk (Ned.); sérigraphie (Fr.); Seidensiebdruck (Deut.); Siebdruck (Deut.); serigrafia (It., Port.); serigrafía (Esp.); serigrafi (Sven.)
== Additional Images ==
File:1986.968.det.jpg|Screenprint, detailMFA# 1986.968
==Resources and Citations==
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* B. Gascoigne, How to Identify Prints, Thames & Hudson, London, 2004
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenprint (Accessed Mar. 1, 2006)
Category:Materials database