Android

Android is an operating system based on Linux produced by Google that targets smart, portable and/or embedded devices such as phones, tablets, smartwatches, televisions, cars and other embedded systems. Android was originally developed by a company called Android Inc. Google later acquired the company in July 2005 and then made the Android SDK available in November 2007. One year later, the first version of Android was released in September 2008.
From Android 1.5 until Android 10, every major Android version had a name based on different desserts in alphabetical order. Since Android 10 to 12L, the version number is used instead in official releases, while the dessert names only remain for internal codenames. Starting from Android 13, the dessert name is mentioned in the public SDK and shown in developer previews and early beta versions.
Starting from Android 14 QPR2, Android uses a trunk stable development model. Every quarter the platform will advance to a much more recent version of the primary development branch, with incomplete/unreleased functionality being disabled through configuration (aconfig) build system flags.
In January 2020, Microsoft released the first preview of their custom Android experience meant to run on the Surface Duo, build 2020.117.2.
==Timeline==
The codenames are named after desserts, similar to how Ubuntu's codenames were named after animals.
 	Codename(s) 	Release date 	Notes
Android 1.x	Astro Boy, Bender, Petit Four, Cupcake, Donut 	23 September 2008	HTC Dream was the first phone to be released with Android.
Android 2.x	Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread 	26 October 2009 	Supported more screen resolutions.
Android 3.x	Honeycomb 	22 February 2011 	This version was targeted at tablets only.
Android 4.x	Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, KitKat, Key Lime Pie (4.4 internal) 	18 October 2011 	First version to integrate the screenshot feature.
Android 5.x	Lollipop, Lemon Meringue Pie (internal) 	12 November 2014 	Introduced a new design known as Material Design.
Android 6.x	Marshmallow, Macadamia Nut Cookie (internal) 	29 September 2015	First version to support USB-C and fingerprint sensors natively.
Android 7.x	Nougat, New York Cheesecake (internal) 	22 August 2016 	First version to have multi-window support.
First version to support A/B seamless update.
Android 8.x	Oreo, Oatmeal Cookie (internal) 	21 August 2017 	First version to have picture-in-picture support. 
First version to support Project Treble. 
First version to support Vendor Native Development Kit.
Android 9 	Pie, Pistachio Ice Cream (internal) 	6 August 2018 	First version to support screen cutouts.
First version to have time limits for apps.
First version without a minor version number.
Android 10 	Quince Tart (internal), Queen Cake (planned but scrapped public codename)https://www.androidcentral.com/android-q-queen-cakes-publicly, Q	3 September 2019 	First released version to not publicly use a dessert codename.
Added dark mode.
First version to support Dynamic Partitions and Dynamic System Updates.
Android 11 	Red Velvet Cake (internal), R 	8 September 2020 	First version to support foldable devices.
First version to support Generic Kernel Image.
Android 12 	Snow Cone (internal), S 	4 October 2021 	Introduced a new design known as Material You or Material Design 3.
First version to have system-as-root enforcement.
First version to support tri-fold devices.
Android 12L	Snow Cone 2 (internal), Sv2 	7 March 2022 	Introduced a new optimized layout for tablets and large-screen devices.
Released as "Android 12.1" for Pixel smartphonesAndroid 12.1 March security patch rolling out to Google Pixel, factory images & OTAs live - 9to5Google: The factory images this morning revealed that Android 12L is officially Android 12.1, though [the version number doesn't] appear anywhere in the OS/system Settings app..
Android 13 	Tiramisu 	15 August 2022 	First version since Android 10 that publicly uses a dessert codename.
First version to have A/B seamless update enforcement on Vendor Test Suite.
Android 14 	Upside Down Cake 	4 October 2023 	Adds support for satellite connectivity
Android 15 	Vanilla Ice Cream 	3 September 2024 	First major version to use the trunk stable development model and configuration (aconfig) flags.
First version to deprecate Vendor Native Development Kit.
First version to deprecate Flattened APEX.
Android 16 	Baklava 	TBA 	
==References==
Category:Operating systems
Category:Linux