nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Genesis II

==Features==
=== DB150 Command Station / Booster ===
* Full LocoNet Capability
* Up to 22 locomotives and 22 throttles in command station mode.
* Can be used as an Intelligent Auto Reversing Booster
* Use with any LocoNet throttle
* Built in broadcast write only programmer
* Five Amp Booster Rated
* Many command station options are user customizable.
* Over temperature & short circuit protection
* Selectable multi-scale operation for N, HO, and large-scale layouts
* Track Status indicator shows voltage and signal type
* Stabilized Track Drive Output
* Over Voltage Protected
* Sync output configures DB150 Operating Mode & connects the DB150 to expansion boosters
* High impedance balanced or unbalanced signal input receivers on the LocoNet Interface allow boosting of several different types of command control signals
* Auto shutdown if command control drive signal is lost so that the layout will not convert to DC operation if a cable or connection is broken. The trains won't just "take-off" if they are not getting the DCC signal
=== UT2 ===
* Simple, cost effective throttles feature one large knob for speed control and a direction switch for direction control. Great add on throttle for all Digitrax Starter Sets, especially Zephyrs!
* Locomotives are selected with dial switches, immediately see which loco motive is assigned to the throttle. Unique locomotive selection allows you to pick up running locomotives at their current speed.
* Utility Throttles can control 4 functions. These throttles are perfect for casual users and for those who prefer a more "traditional" throttle.
* The Utility Throttles are LocoNet Throttles, designed to operate on existing Digitrax LocoNet systems. These throttles can acquire & run one locomotive or consist (even the ones with four digit addresses). The user can control speed, direction, & functions for these units. By pressing Run/Stop, the user can stop the unit he is running but will not stop the whole layout.
* 128 speed step operation
* LED indicators, selection knobs and large speed control knob show throttle status at a glance & make operation easy.
* Control F0, F1, F2 & F3 from the keypad. These functions can be used for lighting, sound, etc.
* Easy access to two digit addresses 00-98. 
* Address 99 is set up so that you can use it to select locomotives with four digit addresses. Gives access to all DCC decoder addresses.
Ghost Throttle

A Ghost Throttle is a condition which can occur when using Digitrax DCC Systems. 
:Sometimes referred to as a Phantom throttle.
The software in the command station has the ability to perform Slot Following, which allows two throttles to control a specific . The slot contains the parameters for a locomotive’s operation, such as speed and direction. This feature is used to train new operators and is perfectly normal. A second throttle is used to steal control of the locomotive from the new operator’s throttle for training purposes. This command allows two throttles to be associated with the same decoder address.
However, if the throttles are not dispatched correctly, a Ghost Throttle occurs. The command station will continue to associate the address with the two throttles. When this is active a clicking sound can be heard whenever the throttle's speed setting changes.
Later, someone takes control of the locomotive with their throttle, while a second inactive throttle still has access to the same slot. This causes random operational issues when the unknown throttle sends information to the command station. Usually, the ghost throttle is set for a speed of 0 (zero), which the command station interprets when querying that throttle. This usually results in the mystifying "random start and stop" behaviour of the vehicle.
StealZap is a newer feature supported by recent throttles that offers the same capability as the Steal command but breaks the association with the first throttle.
=== Further Reading ===
* Slots
* Slot_Following
* Dispatch
* Steal
* Packet Time Out can also cause a similar issue.
Grand Scale

Miniature railways are ground-level, large scale model railroads (railways) that haul passengers and use locomotives that are models of full sized railway locomotives, powered by diesel or gasoline engines, live steam engines or electric motors. Grand Scale should not be confused for the much smaller garden railroads, aka G scale.
Typically they have a track gauge between 10 and 18 inches (254 to 458mm), though both larger and smaller gauges are used. In the USA the terms "riding railroad" and "grand scale railroad" are commonly used to describe this type of railway.
These large model railroads are most often seen in municipal parks or in commercial settings, such as amusement park rides.
The major distinction between a miniature railway and a narrow gauge railway is that miniature lines use models of full-sized prototypes. There are miniature railways that run on gauges as wide as 2 ft., for example the Wicksteed Park railway. There are also narrow gauge railways running on extremely narrow track as small as 15 inch gauge, for example the Perrygrove Railway and the Eaton Hall Railway: these are known as "minimum gauge railways".
Typically in the UK miniature lines are operated as public heritage railways, though many private lines also exist, especially in the USA.
==List of miniature railways==
*Audley End Railway - UK
*Bure Valley Railway - UK
*C&H Railroad , 12" gauge, USA
*Cedar Rock Railroad, 16" gauge, USA
*Conwy Valley Railway - UK
*Dobwalls, Forest Railroad - Liskeard, Cornwall
*Evesham Vale Light Railway, 15" gauge, UK
*Fairbourne & Barmouth Steam Railway - UK
*Frimley Lodge Park Railway
*Great Cockrow Railway
*Whistlestop Valley, formerly Kirklees Light Railway 15" gauge, UK
*Lappa Valley Steam Railway - UK
*Moors Valley Country Park - UK]
*Pecorama - UK
*Poole Park Railway, UK
*Railroad Museum of South Florida Train Village 7.5" gauge, Floria, USA
*- Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway 15" gauge, UK
*Rhyl Miniature Railway
*Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch Railway
*Royal Victoria Country Park, UK
*Wells and Walsingham Railway
*Weston Park Railway - UK
*Wickstead Park - UK
*- Malden District Society of Model Engineers
==See also==
*Grand Scales Quarterly the US magazine of grand scale railroading
Category:Model railroad scales
Hardwired Multifunction Decoder

== Wired Multifunction Decoders ==
Unlike plug in multifunction decoders, which use a plug and socket for ease of installation, hardwired decoders have a harness consisting of wires which must be soldered to various connections in the locomotive during installation. After installation the wires must be cut or desoldered to remove the decoder for replacement.
Though there is no strict standard for hardwired multifunction decoders, they usually closely follow the wiring conventions for 8 Pin DCC Plugs. It is also possible to solder the wires to an 8 Pin adaptor for use with a vehicle which has an 8 pin female socket.
A decoder with a JST Connector is similar to a hardwired decoder because the connector only interfaces between the decoder and its harness, the other end of the harness must still be soldered directly to the locomotive's pickups and motor terminals.
== Connections ==
Orange	Motor Right 	Connect to the motor terminal that was previously connected to the right rail
Grey 	Motor Left 	Connect to the motor terminal that was previously connected to the left rail
Black 	Left Rail 	Connect to the left rail pickup
Red 	Right Rail 	Connect to the right rail pickup
Blue 	Common (Positive) 	Connect to the Positive (Anode) side of all the functions (lights, etc.)
White 	Front Headlight (F0)	Connect to the negative side of the front headlight
Yellow	Rear Headlight (F0) 	Connect to the negative side of the rear headlight
Green 	Function 1 (F1) 	Connect to the negative side of the function 1 device
Violet	Function 2 (F2) 	Connect to the negative side of the function 2 device
OR 	 	
Brown 	Function 2 (F2) 	Connect to the negative side of the function 2 device
=== Notes ===
 The Blue "common" wire does not connect to the frame! It is common to the various function lines. It connects to the Anode (A) or positive terminal of an LED. The decoder follows the "common cathode convention" used with digital logic.
* The series resistor used with an LED can be installed on the Anode or Cathode. The cathode (K) is connected to the desired function wire.
** If installing multiple LEDs for various light functions, use multiple series resistors, one for each LED. While this requires more space for the installation, it prevents an issue where if one LED fails, additional current will now flow through the remaining LEDs connected to the one common series resistor, causing them to fail in time.
For decoders with more function outputs there may be additional wires and there may be violet and brown wires for two different functions (F2 and F3).
Both motor terminals and all functions must be fully isolated from the rail pickups before installation.
The negative and positive sides of the headlights and functions are important if the devices are polarity sensitive, such as LEDs.
=== Further Reading ===
* Decoder installation
* Locomotive Interface
Category:Decoder_Features
Category:Multifunction Decoder
Category:DCC_Tutorial
Hare II

== DCC Specialties Hare II ==
=== Version 1 ===
* Direct connection to Tortoise
* Auto Throw, aligns switch rails when a train approaches against the alignment
* Auto Throw Timer
* Auto Return realignes the turnout to a preset route
* Smart Route
* Dispatcher Override
* Lock Block Protection
* Locked Route Control
* Adjustable Switch Speed
* Smart Default provides for automatic alignment to a programmed position or the previous position
* Smart Power Routing
* Operate switch signals or panel indications
* Push button or toggle switch operation
* System reset CV 
* Semaphore or Crossing Gate operation
* Automates reverse loops
=== Version 2 ===
The Hare II offers these additional features:
Position Reporting 
* LocoNet
* XpressNet
* Cab Bus
Heat Shrink Tubing

Heat-shrink tubing (or, commonly, heat shrink or heatshrink) is a shrinkable plastic tube used to insulate wires, providing abrasion resistance and environmental protection for stranded and solid wire conductors, connections, joints and terminals in electrical work. It can also be used to repair the insulation on wires or to bundle them together, to protect wires or small parts from minor abrasion, and to create cable entry seals, offering environmental sealing protection. 
The unshrunk tubing is slipped on to the wire before making the connection, then slid down over the joint after it is made. The tubing is then shrunk to wrap tightly around the joint by heating in an oven or with a hot air gun or other source of heat. Convenient but less consistent methods for shrinking the tube include a soldering iron held close to but not touching the tube, or the heat from a lighter. Uncontrolled heat can cause uneven shrinkage, physical damage and insulation failure, and these methods are not recommended by heatshrink suppliers. 
Heating causes the tubing to contract to between half and one sixth of its original diameter, depending on the material used, providing a snug fit over an irregularly shaped joint. 
The tubing provides good electrical insulation, protection from dust, solvents and other foreign materials, and mechanical strain relief, and is mechanically held in place (unless incorrectly oversized or not properly shrunk) by its tight fit.
Hornby

==Description==
Hornby would be the first company to successfully develop and sell a Digital command control system, the Zero 1 system. See the DCC History page for more information on this groundbreaking system.
Today Hornby offers their Hornby DCC system ( Manufacturer ID: 48). The Hornby Select and Hornby Elite are their DCC products.
An old name in Model Railroading, from the United Kingdom. Began offering O Scale equipment, later introducing HO and OO (under the Dublo name). Also known as Meccano, the first product offered by Hornby.
;See Model Railroad Scales for more info on the history of the various scales in use.
The company operated as Meccano Limited, until being taken over by Lines Bros. and merged with Tri-ang to form Tri-ang Hornby in 1964. The Hornby Dublo brand was discontinued in 1965 when the tooling was transferred to another Lines Bros. subsidiary and reintroduced in 1967 as Tri-ang Wrenn. The Tri-ang Group was dismantled in 1971. Tri-ang Hornby became Hornby Railways, a division of Dunbee–Combex–Marx in 1972. Hornby began selling models aimed at the hobby market at that time. Many of their products were manufactured by Rovex Ltd., another subsidiary of D-C-M. By 1980 Dunbee–Combex–Marx was having financial problems and subsequently liquidated. Hornby emerged from the liquidation as Hornby Hobbies Limited. In 1986 Hornby Hobbies became a publicly traded company, Hornby Hobbies PLC.
D–C–M also purchased Hammant and Morgan, manufacturers of power supplies and controllers, as those made by Rovex were inferior. A Zero1 Master Controller was offered under the H&M brand. H&M's Zero1 Locomotive Modules were considered a better design, eventually the original Hornby design was dropped and replaced with H&M modules.
After the development of Zero1 in the 1970s the liquidation of Dunbee–Combex–Marx, parent of Hornby Railways, effectively ended any further development of the Zero1 technology soon after it was introduced to the market.
Hornby would take over a number of brands, such as Lima and Rivarossi (Italy), Jeouf (France), Electrotren, and Arnold (Germany). These companies would operate under Hornby International. In 2006 they purchased Humbrol, maker of model paints and owner of the Airfix brand when Humbrol ran into financial problems. Incidentally, Airfix also offered a command control system.
==External Links==
* Frank Hornby - About Frank Hornby
* DCC History
=== Wikipedia ===
* Hornby Railways
* Airfix
* Arnold
* Bassett–Lowke
* Humbrol
* Jouef
* Lima
* Rivarossi
* Tri-ang Railways
* Lines Bros Ltd
How DCC works

Category:Terms
==Overview==
Multifunction Decoders, which are in fact small computers (or micro controllers), respond to instructions addressed to them. The decoders are installed in locomotives, or are larger stationary devices that can control signals and switch machines.
The important concept is that a DCC booster is applying a pure digital signal onto the track. There are no high frequency carriers or audio tones present on the track, as were often employed by earlier analog command control systems. Many opinions expressed regarding how DCC works are often rooted in Analog, thus the DCC concepts are being forced to comply with older analog methods.
The digital signal contains not only the address and the instructions, but also supplies the power needed. The data is carried by changing the width of the pulse while the amplitude remains constant.
=== The Digital Command Control System ===
# Digital Only
# Data and Power carried by the same signal
# No carriers, tones or high frequency signals
# Digital data is not superimposed on a DC voltage
# Not a modified Alternating Current waveform
Read more to learn about Digital Command Control and how it can enhance your layout.
==See Also==
* DCC Myths
* Introduction to DCC
* DCC Tutorial (Power)
* Power supply
* Decoder
* DCC History
Category: DCC Tutorial
Introduction to DCC/Moving a Locomotive

For the operational examples below, consider again the Abstract Functional Block Diagram. In the diagram, note the locomotive headlights, indicating their forward directions.
In the diagram above, imagine an Operator who wants to move Locomotive 9901 ahead...
DCC - How It Works Operationally: An Operator Wants to Move #9901 Ahead 	DCC - How It Works Operationally: An Operator Wants to Move #9901 Ahead 	DCC - How It Works Operationally: An Operator Wants to Move #9901 Ahead
From the Operator's Perspective 	What's Going On Under the Covers 	Result on Layout
The Operator arbitrarily selects the 3rd Throttle and enters the address of the locomotive to be controlled - 9901.	3rd Throttle saves address 9901. All subsequent commands from 3rd Throttle will be sent to Decoder 9901. 	None.
The Operator selects Forward direction. 	3rd Throttle saves direction as Forward. All subsequent commands from 3rd Throttle will specify Locomotive 9901 is to move in the forward direction. 	None.
The Operator increases throttle speed. 	3rd Throttle interprets the Operator's throttle action as, "Set speed to Speed Step 4" [presumed to be previously set to "Speed Step 0"], and sends a Speed Step 4 / Forward command, addressed to 9901. The Command Station constructs, and then broadcasts on the Booster Bus, to all Boosters, a DCC packet addressed to 9901, specifying Speed Step 4 / Forward. All Boosters simultaneously place the packet on their respective tracks. All Decoders receive the packet. All Decoders except Decoder 9901 ignore the packet, as it is not addressed to them. Decoder 9901 executes the command and applies a low-level [speed step 4], forward voltage [forward direction] to the locomotive's motor.	Locomotive 9901 moves forward, approaching Locomotive 9902 .
The Operator decreases throttle speed. 	3rd Throttle interprets the Operator's throttle action as, "Set speed to Speed Step 0 / Forward", and sends a Speed Step 0 command addressed to 9901. The Command Station, Boosters and Decoders all respond as above, but now for the Speed Step 0 / Forward command addressed to Decoder 9901. 	Locomotive 9901 comes to a stop, adjacent to Locomotive 9902 .
JMRI/Error Codes

== JMRI Error Codes ==
This table has the error codes you may encounter when using JMRI.
For full details and explanations, please see the JMRI Website's error codes
The most common error encountered is 301: No Locomotive Detected. This is often caused by dirty track or a bad connection.
JMRI Error Codes 	JMRI Error Codes
301 	No Locomotive Detected
302 	Programmer Busy
303 	Requested Operation not Implemented in Command Station
304 	Aborted by User
305 	Confirm Failed
306 	Command Station Timeout
307 	Unknown Error
308 	No Acknowledgement from locomotive
309 	Program Track Short Circuit
310 	Sequence Error
311 	Communications Error between Computer and Command Station
For full details see https://www.jmri.org/help/en/html/apps/Errors.shtml	For full details see https://www.jmri.org/help/en/html/apps/Errors.shtml
=== Notes ===
==== Error 301 ====
Typical cause: Dirty track, creating a poor connection. Cleaning the track usually solves this issue.
====Error 302 ====
The Programmer Busy error (302) is often caused by user impatience. Often triggered by clicking on a button such as Read Type from Decoder before the process JMRI uses to determine the decoder has completed. The status bar will indicate progress, JMRI often reads an extra set of crucial CVs after displaying the result.
====Error 306 ====
Command Station Timeout, its cause is often a user created 302 error.
Category:software
JMRI XML UID

== Purpose ==
JMRI has a vast collection of data for DCC decoders which could benefit DCCWiki readers. Additionally, this opportunity allows JMRI users to easily update fields in XML files without have to go through the process of managing the XML files or managing git commands.
== Goal ==
JMRI is adding a "uid" attribute to various elements within the XML decoder files to uniquely identify elements. When a user updates a JMRI decoder on DCCWiki, this attribute is used for finding and updating element(s) within the XML file structure. This is then pushed to JMRI's Github repository with commit comments that outlines who on DCCWiki made the changes.
== Tasks == 
=== JRMI ===
Things needed to be done or accepted by JMRI
* - Find method to uniquely identify elements
** JMRI devs have agreed to add UID to various elements for matching
=== Backend programming ===
This process will eventually be responsible for pulling JMRI commits, checking for updates, and then loading any changes into DCCWiki. This will also be responsible for checking if changes have happened on DCCWiki and push those back to github.
* - Import JMRI data into DCCWiki
** Nearly there. Need to tackle language namespacing
* - Pull and compare what changed from github. Apply changes to DCCWiki
* - Pull and compare changes form DCCWiki, send to gibhub. This will be started VIA job queue after someone makes a change.
** On change conflict - JMRI wins 100% of the time.
* Track how places use the same shared variables & enums.
=== DCCWiki ===
* Generate templates and edit forms for:
** - Families
** - Models
** - Outputs
** - Variables
** - ENUM
=== DCCWiki Extension ===
* When saving user-supplied data:
** - Validate the template values are valid.
** - Add task to job queue to send update to JMRI 60 minutes after last change of data.
== One Time Tasks ==
* - Add UID's to all JMRI XMl files
** This will be done after the code to load the data into DCCWiki is complete due to code sharing.
JST Connector

A JST Connector is a mechanism to connect a to its wiring harness. This means the decoder is removable and replaceable without any further soldering. The 9 pin version of this connector is covered by the NMRA standard. 
JST refers to the component manufacturer, Japan Solderless Terminal Manufacturing Co. Ltd., of Japan, maker of the plugs and sockets used in these applications. The NMRA Standards refer to the JST part number for the socket as S9B-ZR-SM2-TF.
Installing a decoder with this socket is similar to installing a Hardwired Decoder because the other end of the harness must still be soldered directly to the locomotive's pickups and motor terminals.
== Connections ==
=== Connections as per NMRA S–9.1.1.2 ===
Pin No.	Purpose 	Colour (S–9.1.1.2)
1 	Output 3 (Aux 1) 	Green
2 	Track – Right Rail 	Red
3 	Motor (+) 	Orange
4 	Common (+V) 	Blue
5 	Output 1 (Front Headlight)	White
6 	Output 2 (Rear Headlight) 	Yellow
7 	Motor (–) 	Gray
8 	Track – Left Rail 	Black
9 	Output 4 (Aux 2) 	Violet or Brown
;Previously some manufacturers used brown or violet prior to a defined Standard colour. Pin 9 can be violet or brown, the manufacturer must document it in their installation instructions.
=== Previous Colour Coding ===
Pin	Pin 	Purpose 	Connection
1 	Violet or Brown	Function 2 (F2) 	Connect to the negative (cathode) connection of the function 2 device
2 	Black 	Left Rail 	Connect to the left rail pickup
3 	Grey 	Motor Left 	Connect to the motor terminal that was previously connected to the left rail
4 	Yellow 	Rear Headlight (F0) 	Connect to rear headlight
5 	White 	Front Headlight (F0)	Connect to the negative side of the front headlight
6 	Blue 	Common 	Common connection to the positive (or anode) side of all the functions (lights, etc.)
7 	Orange 	Motor Right 	Connect to the motor terminal that was previously connected to the right rail
8 	Red 	Right Rail 	Connect to the right rail pickup
9 	Green 	Function 1 (F1) 	Connect to the negative side of the function 1 device
# Both motor terminals and all functions must be fully isolated from the rail pickups before installation.
# The negative and positive sides of the headlight and functions are important if the devices are polarity sensitive, such as LEDs.
## Multifunction Decoders follow the Open Collector convention used in digital electronics. The Anode is the common connection.
== Example JST Connectors ==
File:JSTS-02-X-04PI-RA.jpg|JSTS-02-X-04PI-RA 2 mm 4 Pin JST Socket Right Angle.
File:JSTS-02-X-04PI-RS.jpg|JSTS-02-X-04PI-RS 2 mm 4 Pin JST Socket Right Angle (SMD).
== See Also ==
* Decoder installation
* Locomotive Interface
=== External Links ===
* S-9.1.1.2 JST–9 pin Decoder Interface
* ZR Connector
* Official Website
* Common JST Connectors in RC applications
* Identify Electrical Connectors
** What Is a JST Connector
Category:Decoder_Features
Category:Decoder_Interface
Category:Mobile_Decoder_Features
Category:Multifunction Decoder
Category:DCC_Tutorial
Category:Electronics