nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Hadrian

Hadrian, born Publius Aelius Hadrianus , was a Roman emperor from 117 to 138 CE. He conquered Britain, rebuilt the Pantheon and is regarded as one of the so-called "Five Good Emperors".
Hadrian suppressed the in Judaea—the last major concerted military effort by a Jewish armed force prior to the rise of Zionism.
Further, Hadrian, acting on the advice of his proconsul of Asia, Minucius Fundanus, decided that Christians wouldn't be killed without a trial.http://www.earlychurchtexts.com/public/hadrian_rescript_to_caius.htm He also took , a young boy at the time, to be his lover until the latter's death at age 20.
==Christian apologism==
Some Christians, seeking Evidence for the historical existence of Jesus Christ, have quoted Eusebius, quoting a letter from Hadrian to Minucius Fundanus:McDowell and Wilson 1988, p.http://www.ethosapologetics.com/extra-biblical-evidence/
Interpreting this as evidence of Jesus' existence doesn't hold up, for several reasons:http://infidels.org/library/modern/jeff_lowder/jury/chap5.html#hadrian
*Time: Hadrian was born about 45 years after the supposed crucifixion.
*Content: The letter doesn't even mention Jesus or Christ, merely the persecution of Christians; nobody denies that Christians were persecuted, and yet this persecution is irrelevant to the existence of Jesus.
*Eusebius: The letter is found only in the writings of Eusebius, who has, ah, questionable reliability.
==Beginning of the end of the empire?==
The emperors Trajan and Hadrian are commonly cited as those who reigned over the Roman Empire at its greatest territorial extent. This means in reverse that Hadrian actually shrank the empire when he constructed his famous wall, as territory previously claimed and tenuously governed by Rome was now lost and would never be regained. Most of his contemporaries did not see the loss of a few acres of snow as a huge tragedy and the fact that Adriano/Adrian are still popular names both in Italy and his native Spain show that he is widely regarded more positively than - say - Nero.
==See also==
*Evidence for the historical existence of Jesus Christ
*Josephus
*Tacitus
*Pliny the Younger
*Suetonius
*Thallus
*Phlegon
*Lucian
*Serapion
==External links==
*
==References==
Category:Anti-Christian bigots
Category:Antisemites
Category:Dictators
Category:Racists
Category:Jesus
Category:Romans
Hagiography

A hagiography is defined as: "a book about someone's life that makes it seem better than it really is or was" and "a biography that praises someone too much" by Merriam-Webster online, and Wiktionary (the dictionary version of Wikipedia) defines the term as: "A biography which is uncritically supportive of its subject, often including embellishments or propaganda."
The original term specifically referred to the writings of saints, ecclesiastical leaders etc., and comes from the Greek ἁγιογραφία ("hagiographia"), from ἅγιος ("agios; 'holy' or 'saint'"), and γράφειν (graphein; "to write").
== Hagiographies on Wikipedia ==
This list is incomplete; you can help RationalWiki by adding bullshit to it.
Various articles have been defined by various Wikipedians as hagiographic at various times, including:
*Wikipedia's article on Peter Tatchell ("Is this an article, or autobiographical hagiography? Its length is far disproportionate to its subject's importance and it is permeated with what is obviously Tatchell's on himself.");
*Wikipedia's article on (which had/has "a minuscule criticism section").
==Hagiographies on Metapedia==
Metapedia's article on Hitler could be considered a hagiography, as "a word-for-word comparison suggests that a Metapedia editor or editors might indeed have copied Wikipedia's original article and then modified it to create a text far more sympathetic to Hitler than was the original text."Even Conservapedia can be right, once in a while... (Stopped clock)
==See also==
*Great man theory
*Historical revisionism
==References==
category:Literature
Haikouichthys

Haikouichthys was one of the first organisms to have a distinct backbone and head, making it a notable transitional form in the transition from invertebrates to fish.Nature It arose during the Cambrian explosion around 530 million years ago, along with and various Though it was likely not a direct ancestor of fishes, it is often referred to as one.Oldest fish fossil caughtDonoghue and Purnell, "Genome duplication, extinction and vertebrate evolution" Its backbone was a notochord, that is, a cartilaginous rod running down its back, and it had gill slits, as with all other primitive chordates.
==References==
Category:Evolution
Category:Transitional fossils
Category:fish
Halakha

Halakha (also transliterated as Halacha, Halakah, or Halachah) is Jewish religious law. It is derived primarily from the 613 biblical mitzvot (commandments), supported by various commentaries, interpretations, and customs developed over the centuries. Like Sharia, Halakha governs everyday life as well as religious practice, and, like Sharia, there are many schools of halakha developed by various communities of the Jewish diaspora (Ashkenazim, Sephardim, Mizrahim, and others). Halakha also includes rules for gentiles (the so-called Noahide laws).
Historically, halakha was in widespread use as an enforceable body of civil law. During the Age of Enlightenment, more Jews began assimilating into secular European society, and halakha became less central to Jewish life. Today, observance of halakha is often determined by one's denomination; Reform Jews generally do not follow it, Conservative Jews follow only part of it, Orthodox Jews observe the religious law strictly but modify other portions of it to suit modern life, while the most conservative communities like Lubavitchers and Haredim (the so-called "ultra-Orthodox") consider all of their respective flavors of Halakha as binding for all aspects of life. Some Orthodox communities in the United States have even established "modesty patrols" in their neighborhoods, which are creepily reminiscent of mutaween in some Islamic states.
Parts of Israeli family and marriage law are governed by religious communities, which means halakhic family law applies to all Jews (religious or not) wishing to contract or dissolve a marriage in Israel.
It could be considered roughly analogous to Sharia in Islam or in Christianity. Halakha has some interesting suggestions for dealing with women, homosexuals, and other minorities.
==See also==
* Talmud
Category:Judaism
Category:Fundamentalism
Category:Homophobia
Category:Purity culture
Category:Rape culture
Category:Sexism
Category:Fundamentalism
Category:Law
Haldeman-Julius Publishing

Haldeman-Julius Publishing Company of Gerard, Kansas (1919-1978) was a prolific publisher of books on a wide range of subjects, including freethought, atheism, skepticism, "scandalous" topics like sex education and anarchism, revisionist history, fiction, educational texts, how-to booklets, and more. These books were mostly published in small-type, inexpensive (10 or 15 cents) pocket size booklets as the "Little Blue Books" series, and a larger "Big Blue Books" series. Haldeman-Julius experimented with selling Little Blue Books in vending machines, and many stores had a rack of Little Blue Books making them very popular. 
The company was run in its heyday by Emanuel Julius, who also published the socialist Appeal to Reason newspaper. After his death in 1951, his son ran the business, although by then mainly selling backstock by mail order, until the business closed for good following a 1978 fire. However, during the 1920s and 1930s, the Little Blue Books were exceedingly popular due to their low price and brought all kinds of naughty and subversive literature to the masses - the perfect thing for geeky autodidacts living in their mom's basement in the 1920s long before there was an internet, or for the working classes to read on those long freight train rides between jobs during the Great Depression. Needless to say, a publisher like that could not stay popular in the atmosphere of moral panic that frequently overtakes the United States, and so following World War II, Haldeman-Julius lost most of their market due to pressure from J. Edgar Hoover's FBI, and retreated to being mainly a mail order business.
Some of their remaining backstock of Big Blue Books on atheistic and anti-religion topics was acquired by, and is still sold today by, the American Atheists.
Category:Publishers
Category:Skepticism
Hale crater

Hale is an impact crater on Mars, named after the American astronomer (no relation to the discoverer of the Hale-Bopp comet). It is located at 35.7°S, 323.4°E.
After the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter made some pictures of the crater in 2004, some... people decided that the images are evidence for a Martian civilization. The claim is based on the pattern of regular features seen in an ESA publicity image of the crater, which conspiracy theorists interpret as, well, anything from crop fields to buildings. Unfortunately,"Unfortunately" because if evidence for a Martian civilization was uncovered, ESA, NASA and space exploration in general would receive a mighty kick in the ass push forward budget increase. And because it would be cool. the rectangular pattern is caused by image compression artefacts.
The image that is most usually cited as evidence of the claim is not a direct photograph of the surface, but a computer-generated image: it's a computer 3D-graphics rendering showing a "perspective view" of the crater, where the underlying 3D model is elevation data reconstructed from stereographic images and the texture mapped onto it is an image of the surface. Thus, the compression artefacts in the original image got propagated to the several renderings of the 3D model and were rotated and distorted in the process. And yes, the HRSC camera does compress its images to transmit them to Earth:
Similar artefacts can be observed in Google Earth's images of areas with low contrast, for example this image of a river.
==See also==
*Face on Mars
==External links==
*Crater Hale in Argyre basin, Mars Express News, ESA, 24 November 2004. Clicking on the images opens a sub-page that provides information about them.
*HALE CRATER CIVILIZATION EVIDENCE, "Report #084", Mars Anomaly Research, March 2005
*Threads at the former Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum:
**Crater Hale Revisited, started 4 December 2008
**hale crater ESAs images, started 20 April 2009
**University of Mars - Hale Crater, started 6 August 2009
==Notes==
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Astronomy
Category:Conspiracy theories
Halliburton

Halliburton is an oilfield services company based out of Houston, Texas.
From 1995 to 2000, Halliburton was led by former defense secretary and future vice president Dick Cheney.
==Iraq War controversy==
In the prelude to the War in Iraq, Halliburton was awarded a USD 7 billion contract for services in the conflict. Halliburton was the only company allowed to bid on this contract, which is equivalent to calling it a "no-bid" contract. Vice President Cheney was receiving a deferred compensation package from the company at this time. No conflict of interest there.
==Nigeria==
In 2010, Halliburton paid 9-figure "settlements" (read: fines) to the Nigerian government and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in an officials corruption case after being accused of bribing Nigerian politicians. The case centered around a deal with former subsidiary KBR to build a liquified natural gas plant in southern Nigeria. Former CEO Dick Cheney was implicated in the case.
==Deepwater Horizon incident==
In 2010, Halliburton employees were employed on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico and also worked to cement the cap that stopped the leak after an explosion caused a massive oil spill. According to a report released by the incident's investigation committee, it was originally an unstable mixture of concrete, poured by Halliburton, used to secure the rig that caused the leak which resulted in the explosion in the first place. BP claimed that Halliburton shares in the failure of the rig, citing poor labor standards from Halliburton employees. Alex Jones promoted a conspiracy theory that the incident was manufactured by Halliburton which had bought a company for dealing with oil-well fires and blowouts a week before the disaster.As gulf oil spreads, so do slippery conspiracy theories, Southern Poverty Law Center, Aug 1, 2010
==External links==
*Halliburton tries to patent patent trolling itself -- would you expect less from a company that had Dick as its head?
==References==
Category:Iraq
Category:Texas
Hallucination

A hallucination is a "perception without a stimulus" — in other words, seeing something that isn't there. It is distinct from delusion, or demonstrably false belief of pathological origin; however, the two are often caused by the same mental illnesses.
Hallucinations are often a symptom of certain mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, certain forms of dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. They can also be experienced due to the ingestion of psychoactive substances, most notably LSD.
There are two common forms of hallucination unrelated to mental illness called hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, the former occurring before sleep and the latter during the process of waking up. Blurred vision and switching between alert and sleeping states can cause anyone to see strange things. These hallucinations can create false memories. Similarly, sleep paralysis can cause memorably frightening hallucinations. There are many other conditions of high mental or bodily stress during which a person may possibly experience hallucinations.
==See also==
*Mass hysteria
*Religion — a common side-effect of hallucinations
==Notes==
Category:Medicine
Category:Psychology
Category:Mental health
Halo biophotonic therapy

By their own admission, Halo Systems Inc., of Henderson, Minnesota, sell cure-all light-therapy devices: their purported inventor, Michael Thomas, previously called his business "PanaceaPhotonics.com"An archive copy of "PanaceaPhotonics.com" and later on "HaloMultiverse.com"."PanaceaPhotonics.com" redirects to "HaloMultiverse.com"
The Halo Systems "biophotonic" apparatus consists of an ultraviolet LED flashlight and small vials of liquid "botanical extract". Whatever solution is in the vials it's : it glows when inserted into the UV beam of the flashlight.
===The "science" bit===
Michael Thomas claims: "As light photons pass through the vial(s) containing botanical extracts they pick up the harmonic vibrations of the botanicals and transmit the photon and botanical energies into the body where the body responds as if the botanicals were actually present".See page 34 of "Panacea Photonics User Manual" FAQ
If that were true, illuminating yourself with a flashlight placed behind a bottle of whisky would cause drunkenness. 
The Halo Systems "biophotonic" devices allegedly treat just about everythingSee page 2 of this Panacea Photonics brochure. including cancer, viral and bacterial infection (including HIV/AIDS and Lyme disease), Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, autism, stroke, multiple sclerosis, lupus, varicose veins, wrinkles, hair loss, etc. Light from the devices is also claimed to structure water "into micro clusters for greater cell permeability".
In reality, the best result you're going to get is a hint of a tan from the ultraviolet light. 
Reportedly a Halo systems "portable therapy unit costs $4,995.00 + Shipping & Handling". The website "cancer-research-awareness.com" states that devices from Halo systems Inc can cost $5K It's $6,200.00 if you want the deluxe Halo Photonic program. (Similar UV flashlights cost less than 1% of that price.)Ultraviolet flashlights can be had for less than $20
==External links==
* The main website of Halo Systems Inc.
*The YouTube channel of Halo Systems Inc.
*A list of "What Each Vial Does For You". Given the shape of the device, female orgasm is the only possibly accurate claim.
* Apparently a bigger flashight is required to "liquefy body fat".
*Their industrial-strength device, "Halo Max", reportedly costs "$30,000 USD".
*An allegation that Panacea Photonics Michael Thomas has "ripped-off" the suppliers of his LED flashlights.
*According to "HaloPhotonicProgram.com" Mr Thomas claims a 99.25% cure-rate for customers with cancer.
*A YouTube video where Mr Thomas (surprisingly) demonstrates that he is not "pumpkin positive".
*A 2012 YouTube video where Michael Thomas presents an earlier incarnation of this "light hypodermic" concept.
*Previous incarnations of Halo Systems Inc. include Laseray Corporation, founded in 2010, and Panacea Laser Corporation, founded in 2012.
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Cancer woo
Category:water woo
Halvor Fosli

Halvor Fosli is a Norwegian far-right and Islamophobic activist. Fosli was not previously known to hold extremist views and had been running his own small publishing house for some years, but in January 2014 he told Norwegian newspapers that he had been hired by the blog Document.no, a website described by the Financial Times as "a website rife with anti-Muslim and hard right rhetoric,"Andrew Ward; Robin Wigglesworth (2011-07-25). "Killings sure to stir immigration debate". Financial Times. presumably as a "publishing editor." On this occasion, Fosli confirmed that he shared Document.no's extremist and xenophobic views on Muslims. This happened after a group of anonymous far-right donors had apparently donated a significant amount of money to the website. Fosli's new job is apparently to expand the website's anti-immigration and anti-Muslim activities into the publishing realm, an idea that was originally conceived some years earlier by Anders Behring Breivik, a staunch supporter of the website.– Vis kortene, KlassekampenPå vei til Document.no, Klassekampen
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Nationalism in Norway
Category:Racists
Category:Great Replacement conspiracy theorists
Ham Hightail

The Ham Hightail is a term coined by P.Z. Myers to describe the ham-fistedSee what we did there? arguments presented at Ken Ham's Creation Museum. In contrast to the Gish Gallop, the Ham Hightail consists of hurtling from point to point, ignoring all contrary evidence, and blithely regurgitating the Bible whenever evidence is required.The Creation "Museum" — P.Z. Myers, Pharyngula. If this sounds even more annoying than Gish's method, that's because it is. 
The objective of the Ham Hightail is not to convert the sceptics, but to bolster the believers. The science does not need to support creationism, so long as people believe that it does. To this end, Ham's Answers in Genesis has run a long campaign of presuppositionalism in creation science: you assume the Bible is correct and then find the evidence that fits, everything else you just ignore. Annoying scientific details, such as radiometric dating or common descent, are brushed aside with comments about their being based on assumptions that are only true depending on your "worldview". If you want to take the Ham Hightail to the lengths the originator has, you can start your own pretend science journal then fill it full of wildly speculative essays, all the while deluding yourself (and fellow creationists) that you are sponsoring real research.
==Ham Hightail in action==
In AiG's book The Ultimate Proof of Creation by Dr Jason Lisle (foreword by Ken Ham), we find such nuggets as:
It is good that this point cannot be overstated, as most of the book reads like that. Of course, if we wished to extend the metaphor, it is science which has the clear glasses (i.e., following the evidence wherever it leads) while the creationists are wearing colored ones (their vision is slanted by the conclusion that they then look for evidence to support). Notice how they don't have to present a case for creationism; it has already been presented by the evolutionists — they are just looking at it the wrong way. If you look at it as evidence confirming the Bible, it does.
The Ham Hightail is also known as the Ham Hoedown, as proposed by Chuck Morrison of Irreligiosophy in Episode 23, Ham on Nye in the Facebook Irreligiosophy Group. Morrison referred to the Ham Hoedown as "objectively superior" when juxtaposed with the Ham Hightail.
==Use on Wikis==
The Ham Hightail is the favored argumentation strategy of Philip J. Rayment at A Storehouse of Knowledge, who is known to drive otherwise sane people over the edge with his creationist arguments. These basically consist of ignoring all inconvenient contrary facts, making massive point-by-point rebuttals involving constant use of the "tq" template that sets his opponents' words in small green type, and (when all else fails) pulling Goddidit out of the hat.
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Fallacious arguments
Category:Informal fallacies
Category:Answers in Genesis
Handkerchief code

A handkerchief code, or hankie code, is a way a person can indicate what type of sexual activity they are interested in. While it is most often seen in the gay community, it is also common within the "other" categories of human sexual expression, including BDSM devotees.
==Origins==
In PBS's Out of the Past several men who were interviewed related that in the 1920s and 1930s, when all gay activity was fully underground, the habit of wearing variously colored breast pocket handkerchiefs to let other gay men know they were out there, and what their preferences were. The colors were mostly limited to "Gay — looking", "top", and "bottom". 
Wikipedia mentions that cowboys in the old west would wear their bandanas on their wrist when dancing with other men, in purely platonic situations, to identify who was dancing the male role, and who was dancing the female role. Similar conventions may apply at modern-day contra dances; when there is a surplus of men or women, dancers often take the "opposite" role to fill out a set or square. Such cross-dancers may wear a marker to avoid surprisesSince contra-dancing occasionally takes a form resembling "social aerobics", catching an oncoming swing-mate in an unexpected grip can lead to upset, and even injury. in the contra line.
==The codes==
Of course, as with many things in life, there are no actual rules. "Local rules" or "bar rules" often apply, and right butt cheek, left butt cheek, or around the neck can all mean different things at different places and times, so, buyer beware.
But some standards are:http://alt.xmission.com/~trevin/hanky.html
*Black: S&M
*Grey: Bondage
*Olive Drab/Camouflage: Military fetish
*Red with black stripes: Likes bears
*White or checkered: "Safe sex" and "Vanilla sex" (left "top", right "bottom")
*Yellow and Brown: left to the reader's imagination for now
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Homosexuality
Category:Sexuality