nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Shinzo Abe

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Shinzo Abe is the head of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and has served as prime minister of Japan since 2012. He is the country’s longest serving premier. Abe first served as prime minister from 2006-2007, but resigned after a "disastrous" year in office, which included the alienation of China and South Korea and continued economic weakness. Upon leaving office in 2007, he was hospitalized with a stress-related illness.
In August 2020 Abe said he would resign to undergo treatment for ulcerative colitis, the same ailment that forced him to step down as prime minister in 2007.
He previously served as chief cabinet secretary from 2005 to 2006.
Abe convened a new cabinet on December 26, 2012 and pushed through an agenda that included a major economic stimulus package and increased pressure on the Bank of Japan for quick action to pull the country out of recession and deflation. Specifically, Abe favors a mandatory inflation target of 2pc, backed by "unlimited" monetary stimulus.
== Background ==
Abe is the grandson of Nobusuke Kishi, a wartime cabinet member imprisoned as a Class A war crimes suspect but never tried, who became prime minister in 1957, and the son of Shintaro Abe, a former foreign minister, for whom Shinzo Abe long served as secretary. Upon the his father's death in 1993, he assumed the elder Abe's parliamentary seat. Abe was elevated to prime minister in 2006, but resigned a year later amid controversy surrounding, among other things, his hard-line stance on foreign policy. 
== Education ==
Abe earned a degree in political science at Seikei University in Japan in 1977. Later, he studied politics at the University of Southern California. 
== References ==
Category: MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Shiqing (Vivian) Deng

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Vivian Deng is a Shanghai-based financial markets professional. She is a Senior Representative for China at Societe Generale.
Deng is responsible for the in-bound and out-bound futures business in China. She also works with the Chinese Derivatives Association, heading up business development and marketing activities in the United States.
== Background ==
Deng has a wide range of experience in the futures industry. Before joining Newedge, she worked with Eurex in the Chicago office and was responsible for conceptualizing and implementing Eurex’s educational marketing activities and conference planning. 
== Education ==
Deng holds a masters degree in Marketing Communication from the Illinois Institute of Technology.
== References ==	
Category:Newedge - Former Employees
Category:Eurex
Category:Eurex - Former Employees
ShoreBank Corp.

ShoreBank is a Chicago-based lender. It had $2.4 billion in total assets as of Dec. 31, 2007. Shareholders in ShoreBank include financial institutions, foundations, insurance companies, major corporations and individuals. It was founded by James Fletcher and Milton Davis. It was seized by regulators in August of 2010 after a rescue effort by major financial firms fell short. 
 
== History ==
After ShoreBank was seized in August of 2010 by regulators, the new management of the bank, led by former First Chicago Corp. senior executive David Vitale, acquired $1.54 billion in deposits and most of ShoreBank’s $2.14 billion in assets from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) and will reopen ShoreBank’s 15 branches in the Chicago area, Cleveland and Detroit Saturday morning as Urban Partnership Bank. The FDIC agreed to share losses on $1.41 billion of those assets. The management-led buyout team agreed to pay a 0.5 percent premium for the deposits and received an asset discount of $146 million.
ShoreBank was owned by approximately 70 shareholders who share a community development and conservation mission. Shareholders include individuals, foundations, religious organizations, financial institutions, insurance companies and major corporations.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Executive Chairman, David Vitale 
*President, ShoreBank Enterprise Cascadia, John Berdes
*Executive Board Chair, ShoreBank, Mary Cahillane
*President, Mark Coffrey
*Executive Vice President, ShoreBank, Leana Flowers
== References ==
Category:Mortgage Securitization
Short

(Also see: short sale)
Being "short" a stock is the state of having sold a stock or futures contract without covering it. Being short is also known as "taking a short position." It is the opposite of being long (or having a long position). A short stock sale is one in which someone is selling shares he or she does not actually own. Instead, his/her brokerage firm borrows the shares from another investor, with that investor's permission. 
A short seller sells a borrowed security, commodity or currency with the expectation that it will go down in value. The investor must eventually return the borrowed stock by buying it back on the open market. If the investor can buy it for less than he sold it, he makes a profit.
In options trading, a short position is the writing (or sale) of an option contract. Someone who has written a call or put option is short that contract and has the obligation to fulfill its terms if assigned an exercise notice. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Short-term interest rate products

Short-term interest rates are the interest rates on loans or debt instruments such as Treasury bills, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper, that have maturities of less than one year. 
Short term interest rate futures (STIR futures) are one of the largest financial markets in the world. The two main contracts, the Eurodollar and Euribor regularly trade in excess of one trillion dollars and euros of US and European interest rates each day. STIR futures are traded on a completely electronic market place. 
Participants in the interest rate futures market are taking a view on the market’s direction -- on whether interest rates will rise or fall in the future. Those who want to protect against higher rates will want to pay a fixed rate and receive a
floating rate in an interest rate swap. Correspondingly, those who anticipate a decline in rates may want to receive fixed interest rate payments and pay floating rates. Both sides are hedging against risk. A speculative market also exists for interest rates, consisting of traders seeking opportunities to profit from interest rate adjustments or market volatility.
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange trades the most short-term interest rate futures and options of any exchange, averaging more than 1.6 million contracts daily. The cornerstone of the CME interest rate product line is Eurodollar futures, the world’s most actively traded futures contract and a benchmark for global investors. The Eurodollar futures provide a tool for hedging fluctuations in interest rates on U.S. dollars deposited in overseas banks.
Liffe also offers short-term interest rate products, including its flagship contract suite, the Euribor three-month interest rate contracts, which comprise EURIBOR futures, EURIBOR options, and EURIBOR Mid-Curve Options. These products had an average daily volume approaching 1.4 million contracts as of September 2007. 
== References ==
Category:Interest Rates
Short Cap Futures

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== Contract Authors ==
First Author: John J. Lothian
Other contributors (make a list below):
== Summary of Contract ==
Type of contract (i.e. futures, options, equities, OTC): 
Describe what the contract is, what it's supposed to do, what kind of problem it's supposed to solve, etc.
Short cap futures, or "shorties" for short, are futures contracts that have a price limit or cap on the total risk of the contract. Short shorties positions would have limited risk, as do long shorties positions. This limitation on the total amount or risk for the contract allows for short-only funds to trade various contracts with the same risk limits that long-only funds currently enjoy. This would help increase the amount of short participation in the markets.
== Contract Details ==
List contract size, how it trades, how it settles, if there are options and how they are handled, price limits, tick value, etc. etc. etc.
Shorties could be created for any commodity contract. For example, a short cap corn contract could have the same size, daily price limits, tick value and delivery points as a standard futures contract. But, a short cap contract in corn would have a downside limit of zero (maybe higher, a historic low?) and an upside limit of say $12. Thus, with prices of corn near $6, short cap futures would be set with an upside and downside limit that allows both shorts and long to enjoy limited risk and the other contract structures of traditional futures contracts (open trade equity, marked to the market, good faith margins). 
== Anything Else ==
From a public good standpoint, increasing short participation of futures could help offset some of the increased interest in the long side of futures. A tax policy that favored shorties could help this market develop and could help buffer some of the speculative excess currently flowing into the long-only funds.
== References and External Links ==
Category:Contest Pages
Category:Contract Challenge Pages
Short sale

A short sale occurs when someone borrows a security from a broker and sells it with the obligation to later buy it back (hopefully at a lower price) and return it to the broker. Investors use short selling (or "selling short") to try to profit from the falling price of a stock. 
For example, if an investor believes stock x is overpriced and will fall, he might want to sell short 100 shares of x. His broker will borrow the shares from someone who owns them with the promise that the investor will return them later. The investor immediately sells the borrowed shares at the current market price. If the price drops, he "covers" the short position by buying back the shares, and his broker returns them to the lender. 
The profit is the difference between the price at which the stock was sold and the cost to buy it back, minus commissions and expenses for borrowing the stock. If the price goes up, however, the potential for loss is unlimited, because at some point the investor must replace the 100 shares of x he sold. 
Traditionally, short sellers have been in the minority, making up on average less than 8 percent of positions on the New York Stock Exchange, according to various reports. 
== SEC Votes to Restrict Short Sales of Stock ==
On Feb. 24 of 2010, SEC commissioners voted 3-2 to restrict short sales of a company’s stock once it falls 10 percent from the previous day’s closing price. When the 10 percent threshold is triggered, traders could only execute short sales for the stock at a price above the market’s best bid. The curb would be in place through the following day. 
== Short Sales On Financial Companies Prohibited in UK and US in 2008 ==
On Sept. 18, 2008, the board of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) announced it would introduce new provisions to its Code of Market Conduct to prohibit the active creation or increase of net short positions in publicly quoted financial companies. The goal was to protect the fundamental integrity and quality of markets during disorderly market conditions. The new provisions were implemented at midnight. 
One day later, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission said it would temporarily ban investors from short selling 799 financial companies. The temporary ban, aimed at helping restore falling stock prices that shattered confidence in the financial markets, took effect immediately. 
== Short Sale Bans and Market Volatility in 2020 ==
Short selling again came into regulators' focus in early 2020, during the volatile months of the pandemic, with the U.K., Spain, Italy and South Korea among the countries that implemented temporary curbs on the practice. The U.S. did not impose a ban in 2020 and then-SEC Chairman Jay Clayton argued against a curb. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Short sale update

In September 2008, Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) launched a "Short Sale Update" Web Page ) to keep options traders, customers, and CBOE Members fully informed on recently enacted restrictions on short sales. It contains a full compendium of links to lists of the prohibited financial securities, by exchange, and lists relevant SEC and CBOE information documenting the various restrictions. No one source had previously been created to lay out the broad swath of regulatory information on this issue. 
Because regulations can and do change, CBOE plans to keep the Web page updated on an ongoing basis.
==References==
Category:Chicago Board Options Exchange
Shozaburo Jimi

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Shozaburo Jimi is a former minister of state for Financial Services & Postal Reform; he was appointed to the position in June of 2010, and reappointed to the position in September of 2010. In June of 2012, he was replaced by Tadahiro Matsushita, a Japanese Lower House lawmaker.
== Background ==
Shozaburo was elected as a member of Japan's House of Representatives for seven consecutive terms, from 1983 until 2005. In 2007, he came back to national politics upon being elected in the 21st election of members of the House of Councillors as a proportional representative of the People's New Party, and in 2009 assumed the post of Secretary General of the People's New Party.
== Education ==
*Completed a doctoral course at the Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University (obtained an MD degree in public health) in 1977.
*Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University and entered the First Internal Medicine Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University as a chief researcher of the genetics laboratory in 1970.
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:Japan
Shozo Ohta

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Shozo Ohta is president & CEO of Tokyo Financial Exchange (TFX). He was appointed to that position as of October 28th, 2009. 
== Background ==
Career: 	1969 	Joined the Ministry of Finance
	1998 	Director - General of the Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance
	2002 	Senior Managing Director
The Tokyo International Financial Futures Exchange
	2006 	Senior Managing Director ＆ COO
Tokyo Financial Exchange Inc.
== Education ==
Ohta graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1969.
== References ==
Category:Exchange CEOs
Category:Tokyo Financial Exchange
Shri Ajay Tyagi

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Shri Ajay Tyagi is the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the country’s capital markets watchdog. He replaced UK Sinha, whose term ended on March 1, 2017. 
Tyagi was previously in charge of the capital markets division of the Indian Finance Ministry. 
== Background ==
Tyagi is a career civil servant with thirty years of experience. Throughout his career he has worked in various capacities in the areas of Energy, Environment, Finance and Information Technology. He was joint secretary in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change before joining the Finance Ministry in 2014 as additional secretary. He also worked in the ministries of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Steel and Rural Development.
He was also previously a chairman of the Eurasian group on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism (EAG), a FATF-style regional body which comprises nine countries: Belarus, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
== Education ==
Tyagi earned a Master's degree in Public Administration from Harvard University in the U.S. He also holds a Master's in Technology (Computer Science) and a Bachelor's degree in electronics.
== References ==
Shun Takato

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Shun Takato is a fintech and exchange executive currently serving as the chief representative and head of fintech at JPX Market Innovation & Research, Inc. 
== Background ==
=== Early Career ===
Shun Takato began his career with the Japan Exchange Group, where he held various positions that allowed him to develop a deep understanding of the financial markets. His early roles included managing the JPX Fintech Lab's projects, where he was involved in initiatives such as the post-trade DLT project.
=== JPX Market Innovation & Research, Inc. ===
In April 2022, Takato was appointed as the head of fintech at JPX Market Innovation & Research, Inc., a subsidiary of the Japan Exchange Group. He led several groundbreaking projects, including the introduction of the world's first product that issues green bonds as security tokens, which aimed to counter greenwashing by recording green impact on the blockchain. He also developed J-Quants, a data API delivery service that provided individual investors with access to raw financial data, thereby democratizing data access and revitalizing the Japanese retail investor market.
==== JPX Market Explorer ====
In August 2023, Takato became the chief representative and head of fintech, overseeing operations in both Tokyo and New York. Under his leadership, JPX Market Innovation & Research launched the JPX Market Explorer, a generative AI-powered service designed to disseminate comprehensive information about Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed companies. This platform addresses the need for more English-language disclosures and provides insights in multiple languages, making Japanese market data more accessible to international investors.
== Personal ==
Takato is a native Japanese speaker and fluent in English.
== References ==	
Category:Fintech Executives
Category:Financial Technology
Category:Japanese Business Executives
[[Category:
Siacoin (SC)

Siacoin (SC) is the native coin of Sia, a blockchain based platform for sharing cloud storage for files. Sia operates a cloud storage marketplace which uses Sia for payments.
According to CoinMarketCap, an online cryptocurrency data aggregator, Siacoin was the 61st largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization on June 14, 2019.
==References==
Category:Cryptpcurrency
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Sibel Yilmaz

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Sibel Yilmaz Clifford is an account executive with Account Management Strategies, located in Washington, D.C. She joined the organization in 2016 as an associate. 
She has over 10 years of experience in international non-profit organization management. She currently serves as Executive Director for ABWM Foundation and Membership and Operations Director for International Claim Association (ICA).
== Background ==
Before joining the AMS, Yilmaz Clifford worked as a communications manager for the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) in Paris, where she was responsible for the strategy and successful implementation of advocacy to governments and markets.
Before WFE, she served as assistant secretary general of the Federation of Euro Asian Stock Exchanges from 2001 to 2007.
== Education ==
Yilmaz Clifford was born in Istanbul in 1974. She holds a Masters of Business Administration in finance practices and principles from the United States International University in California and a Bachelor of Arts degree in banking and finance from the Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey with high honors. She was on the Dean’s List of Recognition of Distinguished Students. 
She is a member of Sigma Iota Epsilon - Epsilon Chi Chapter: Business Honor Society.
She also holds a Certified Association Executive (CAE) designation.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:World Federation of Exchanges - Former Employees
Category:Corporate Communications Professionals
Sibiu Monetary Financial and Commodities Exchange

The Sibiu Monetary Financial and Commodities Exchange (SIBEX) is a derivatives exchange that is located in Romania. It is a publicly traded company traded on the Bucharest and Budapest Stock Exchange. 
 
== History ==
On Jan. 6, 2010, it was announced that SIBEX had chosen Trayport's Exchange Trading System for its single stock, interest rate, currency and gold futures and options markets. It was believed the exchange matching engine would support the further development of SIBEX's futures and options markets in Romania. Also, since entering into the agreement, SIBEX introduced its own Web-based front-end trading platform and clearing system connecting to the Trayport Exchange Trading System using Trayport's Risk API. 
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Deputy Managing Director, Darius Cipariu
*Chairman, Teodor Ancuta
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Sibiu Monetary Financial and Commodities Exchange
Sid Jacobson

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 Image:Marketsreformwiki icon 40.png
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 default	READ: CFTC Definition of a Swap: For the Energy Industry It's "Game-on!" on MarketsReformWiki.com (July 2012)
Sid Jacobson is a partner in energy trading and risk management for SunGard Global Services. His consulting practice covers Dodd-Frank Act compliance, trade surveillance and risk management, with a focus on energy derivatives. He has been a partner at SunGard since July 2011. 
== Background ==
Prior to working for SunGard, Jacobson was an energy markets consultant for PA Consulting. He has also held positions as risk manager, trader and options strategist, and has also worked as a marketing executive for NYMEX, where he was responsible for the launch of several energy contracts. 
Jacobson began his career as a derivatives trader for Chicago Research and Trading (CRT).
== Education ==
Jacobson earned a finance degree from Syracuse University in 1988.
== References ==
Side-by-side trading

In equities trading, "side-by-side trading" is defined by the simultaneous market making in a stock and its derivatives on a single exchange. Because of the opportunity for price manipulation, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has typically discouraged the practice.
In futures trading, "side-by-side trading" is the simultaneous electronic and open outcry trading of a futures contract on a single exchange. Side-by-side trading of futures contracts is not discouraged by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), although there are rules in place to avoid the appearance of front running customer orders. 
== References ==
[Category:Trading]]
Sidechain

Sidechains are an approach to solving the scalability problem of bitcoin, wherein block size and the block confirmation interval present problems to some users. Sidechains remove bitcoins from the bitcoin blockchain for use away from the bitcoin protocol but still with the ability to be returned to the bitcoin blockchain. Once set aside from the blockchain, these bitcoins can be transformed into other coins which can, for example, more easily support smart contracts. A sidechain is meant to address the issue of time vs. security wholly within the bitcoin environment. 
Drivechain, one of the earliest technologies developed for sidechain applications, may provide certain efficiencies by allowing more than one sidechain to use the same dedicated pool of Bitcoins. The first release of Drivechain to the testnet environment was announced on September 24, 2018.
On October 10, 2018 Samson Mow, head of strategy, announced that Blockstream had launched the Liquid Network with a consortium of bitcoin exchanges and service providers. Touting the Liquid Network as "the world’s first production Bitcoin sidechain," Blockstream says that the platform enables transactions between different blockchains by using the platform's native coin, Liquid-Bitcoin.
 
== References ==
Category: regulation
Category: exchanges
Category: trading
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: blockchain
Category: Bitcoin
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki