Norway

Norway (Norwegian bokmål: Norge, Norwegian nynorsk: Noreg), officially the Kingdom of Norway (Norwegian: Kongeriket Norge), is a country in Scandinavia that borders Sweden, Finland, and Russia. They are good at fishing, handball, cross-country skiing/biathlon, social democracy, and having a massive oil reserve without becoming a failed state like Nigeria, Venezuela, or Saudi Arabia. Most people live in the southern part of the country, particularly around Oslo. The southernmost area, known as the South Country (Sørlandet), is considered Norway's Bible Belt.
==Norwegian history==
For much of its history (after The Black Death), Norway was subject to either the Danish or the Swedish king, and many wars between those two countries ultimately were about who got Norway.
After World War II, Norway became a social democracy, meaning that the people had universal health care and complained because they had to pay taxes. Norway's democratic traditions go back to 1884, and it has only since been under authoritarian rule once, from 1940 to 1945, when it was occupied by Nazi Germany under puppet leader Vidkun Quisling, whose name is now another synonym for a turncoat. Norway has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949. As of February 2021, the Norwegian Jens Stoltenberg is General Secretary of NATO.
Norway's government negotiated to join the European Union, but rejected membership (53.5% to 46.5%). Norway made a second attempt to join the EU, but this was again rejected in (52.2% to 47.8%); on both occasions, rural voters skewed more strongly against and voters in the capital city, Oslo, skewed more in favor (this is something it probably has in common with England). However, almost all Norwegian politicians have understood that Norway benefits greatly from cooperation with the rest of Western Europe, so Norway has become a member of the European Economic Area, which makes Norway a part of the EU for most practical purposes while in principle staying outside. This allows participation in the customs union, Europol, and so on and makes Norway part of the Schengen Area, giving it passport-free travel to most of the EU (except for, of course, the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland). This, in turn, means that many of the laws enacted by the EU have been adopted by Norway as well. Norway thus, to some degree, suffers from self-inflicted legislation without representation, which will also apply to the UK following Brexit. So why does Norway not simply join the EU and be done with it? Norwegian voters don't have all the insights their politicians have and are very concerned about natural resources like oil, hydroelectric power, and fishing. Also, the farmers had a strong voice, so the EU referendums were decided much by fear and uncertainty about what could be the consequences of membership. Given Norway's traditional reliance on fisheries, there is a point to not being part of the EU. A similar thing can be said of Iceland, of course.
==Economy==
Like the rest of her Scandinavian neighbors, Norway has adapted the social democratic Nordic Model.Norway energy and power However, unlike the rest, Norway has a far greater governmental involvement in the economy, with the government having large stakes in the leading oil company Equinor and the largest telecommunications company Telenor, originating from former national monopoly companies.There is nothing wrong with state ownership The government also is involved in other fields to the point it can be called state capitalist.The Economist:Norway the rich cousin, dated to January 31, 2013
The Norwegian government offers a free and excellent education at all stages. In addition, there are some private schools. The state offers student loans at the college/university level to cover costs of living so that all talented students have the possibility of taking a higher education independently of their parents.
The Norwegian government offers highly subsidized health services and mostly free hospitals. Additionally, some private clinics take paid, offering shorter waiting lines and services not offered by the state hospitals, like cosmetic surgery.
In recent decades, oil has made the Norwegian state wealthy. Most of the money has been stuffed away in a state-owned trillion-dollar pension fund for future generations, investing in companies and real estate abroad to avoid domestic inflation. Some of the yearly dividends are used to lubricate the economy, strengthening the extensive social programs in healthcare, education, childcare, and welfare.
Norway has one of the world's highest homeownership ratesNorwegianAmerican:Homeownership is high in Norway, dated to March 8, 2017 and increasing union membership.trade unions in Norway
==Indigenous affairs==
As with just about anywhere with an ethnolinguistic minority that lacks access to the levers of power, Norway has an illustrious history of overt discrimination against the Sami people. Today's situation is far from ideal but much better than it once was.
==Political parties of Norway==
The political parties with seats in parliament in Norway, sorted by the number of votes in the 2021 Parliamentary election, are:
*Arbeiderpartiet (Ap): The Labour Party, the social democrats, has dominated Norwegian politics since 1935. After the 2019 Norwegian local elections, it lost the most votes ever seen in a Norwegian local election (after WW2) due to unclear incentives and a lack of traditional labor policies. Now suffers from a growing lack of people identifying themselves as "working class". Currently in power.
*Høyre (H): The Conservative Party, the liberal-conservative party. Considered solid and responsible, and thereby a bit non-spectacular. Supports many policies similar to those of the Democrats in the US. 
*Senterpartiet (Sp): The Centre Party, a centrist agrarian party with strong isolationist and traditionalist inclinations. Formerly called Bondepartiet ("Farmer's Party"). Strongly opposes membership in the European Union. After the 2019 Norwegian local elections, it won a record number of votes partially because it was seen as a more responsible opposition party against the current government, while the traditional center-left party - Ap - suffered terribly due to the abovementioned reasons.
*Fremskrittspartiet (FrP): The "Progress" Party, the right-wing populists, think Norway would be better off with fewer taxes and immigrants. Some argue the name is misleading.
*Sosialistisk Venstreparti (SV): The Socialist Left Party, a socialist party. The party was founded on dissatisfaction with Ap's foreign policy, especially its NATO friendliness and Ap's opening of allowing nuclear weapons on Norwegian soil. It entered its first government in 2005 with the red-green coalition (a government of SV, Ap, and Sp), which lasted until 2013. SV's popularity shrank to a level close to the threshold of 4% in the 2013 election. However, it regained more popularity in both the 2017 and 2021 elections. 
*Rødt (R): The Red Party is also a socialist party like SV, but more red and revolutionary as it's the only leading party that believes it's urgent to eliminate capitalism. It was founded as a merger of Arbeidernes Kommunistparti (marxist-leninistene) (Workers' Communist Party) and Rød Valgallianse (Red Electoral Alliance) in 2007. Notable as one of two parties opposing increased surveillance and supporting people's right to download music without being sued. Before the 2017 election, R had no representation in the parliament. However, after the local elections of 2015, R saw a growth in membership and popularity that has continued until this day. Favored by many immigrants from developing countries, who like the idea of the state caring for them.
*Venstre (V): The Liberal Party, a social liberal party that used to be the biggest party of the left (until the interwar years), is now more of a center-right shadow of its former self. Suffers from a lack of unique causes to fight for. Notable as one of two parties opposing increased surveillance and supporting people's right to download music without being sued. 
*Miljøpartiet de Grønne (MdG): The Green Party, the main environmentalist party in Norway. MdG started its growth in 2012, and all the way to 2015 afterward, its popularity declined and later stabilized. Notable as the only party which declares no affiliation to the historic right/left-wing blocs of politics. However, due to the prominence of FrP in the right-wing bloc, MdG has found itself mostly working with the left.
*Kristelig Folkeparti (KrF): The Christian Democratic Party, the morally conservative party, wants to curb abortion, alcohol consumption, homosexuality, and other un-Godly things. Supported mostly by elderly voters.
*Pasientfokus (PF): Patient Focus is a one issue political party that wants to expand the hospital in .
In addition, there are several minor parties without representation in the parliament, but some with representation in county and municipality boards, including:
*Industri- og Næringspartiet (INP): The Industry and Business Party, a political party aiming to increase oil and gas production. It also denies that climate change is caused by humans. The party did remarkably well in the 2023 local elections, but has suffered from political infighting since 2024.
*Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger (FNB): People's Party FNB, a party that doesn't like toll roads. Most prominent in the country's biggest cities.
*Pensjonistpartiet (PP): The Pensioners' Party focuses on pensioners' interests.
*Konservativt (K): Conservative (formerly The Christian Party). Christian fundamentalists. Relatively new, it started as a reaction to KrF getting too moderate.
*Sentrum (S): Center Party (not to be confused with The Center Party), a centrist party.
*Kystpartiet (K): The Coastal Party, a non-parliamentary party that apparently cares a lot about coasts.By Norwegian measurement, Norway has the 2nd longest coast of any country: 100,915 km, though the World Factbook claims otherwise. Center-right, conservative, isolationist, emphasize fishing and coastal issues and opposes membership in the European Union.
Norwegian politicians are mostly sincere compared to politicians in other countries. Two of the "worst" scandals involving politicians both happened in 2008: One Norwegian politician rented out an apartment where the windows were too small, and the height under the ceiling was too low according to building regulations; she had to resign. Another female politician had sex with a 17-year-old man in a grain field; both were drunk and very consensual; she stayed in politics and has heard one or two comments about the incident.
==Overseas territories==
===Svalbard===
Svalbard is an icy archipelago located to the north of Norway. It was originally discovered by Dutch explorer in 1596 and for many years wasn't under any nation's sovereignty, with many countries setting up whaling and mining operations there.A History of Svalbard, Kim Martins, World Historyv Encyclopedia 14 January 2022 That all changed with the which was negotiated alongside the Treaty of Versailles: the treaty gave full sovereignty of the islands to Norway, but in exchange Norway had to leave the islands open to residency and economic activity from any of the signatories and additionally Norway was banned from building any military installations there.The Svalbard Treaty, Svalbard Museum Under the terms of the treaty, the Soviet Union has maintained a presence in the islands (particuarly in the mining town of for decades and Russia continues to invest in the islands to this day, leading to diplomatic tension between them and Norway considering the ongoing war in Ukraine.Rising Tensions in the Arctic: Norway and Russia at Odds Over Svalbard, K.M. Seethi, The Geopolitics 20 June 2024
In the largest "town" in Svalbard, it is illegal to die. This is mainly because they don't want viruses getting preserved in the permafrost.It’s illegal to die in the town of Longyearbyen in Norway: Here's why, Precious Rongmei, Times of India 12 January 2024 Svalbard is also home to the which stores seeds of all the world's crops in case of disaster.Svalbard Global Seed Vault
===Jan Mayen===
Jan Mayen is a small icy island located northeast of Iceland. Like Svalbard, it was officially discovered by the Dutch (this time by of whom the island is named after) but there are likewise competing claims to discovery. It is a hotspot that contains the northernmost active volcano on land, last erupting in 1985.Jan Mayen, Smithsonian Beyond that, since there are no permanent inhabitants and little to no natural resources, there's not much that's interesting there.Jan Mayen, CIA World Factbook
===Bouvet Island===
Bouvet Island is a small icy island located in the Southern Ocean, being located a whopping 12,776 kilometers from the mainland. It's considered to be the most isolated island in the world, with the closest land being Antarctica, and the closest land people actually live on being at 2,250 kilometers away,Where is Bouvet Island?, World Atlas which is itself extremely isolated, with the closest inhabited land to that being the also very isolated St. Helena at 2,430 kilometers.Nearest Island to Tristan da Cunha, TristanDaCunha.org This island was discovered by the French, though the British tried to stick their flag on the island, as they are wont to do, with Norway somehow coming out on top in 1930.Bouvet Island: The Most Remote Island in the World, Oceanwide Expeditions The island is 90% covered by glaciers, making it difficult to access, though as with Jan Mayen there is a volcanic hotspot underneath the ice; unlike Jan Mayen, Bouvet Island seems to be dormant, last erupting in 50 BCE.Bouvet, Smithsonian The notorious widely believed to be a joint nuclear weapons test between South Africa and Israel, occurred near Bouvet Island.Bouvet Island, Atlas Obscura
==Miscellaneous Norwegian trivia==
Norway has claimed the #1 spot on the Human Development Index for over a decade. 
Norway has legalized gender-neutral marriage, effective starting in 2009.
Alcohol stronger than beer is only sold in a limited number of government-owned shops. All alcohol carries high taxes, and so does tobacco. Therefore tax-free shops at airports are popular, together with shopping trips to Sweden for the half of the population living near the border.
Norway has two co-existing standards for writing its national language, Norwegian. One, Bokmål ("book language"), is based on Danish, from the dark time when Norway was part of Denmark, and most books were printed there. Luckily, the Norwegian pronunciation of the words is much clearer than the Danish. The other, Nynorsk ("new Norwegian"), was an attempt at recovering a Norwegian way of writing based on a selection of dialects. There is no "official" standard for spoken Norwegian. Unlike in many other countries, regional dialects are celebrated rather than despised, so it is considered socially acceptable to use them in public contexts such as television or in parliament.Dialects in Norway Indeed, Norway's Education Act even states that "the teacher 'should pay due attention to the vernacular used by pupils, and that he or she should not attempt to make them abandon their home dialect.'"The Norwegian language, Norwegian on The Web. Norwegian dialects are quite varied, e.g., the Norwegian word for "I" can be spelled "jeg" or "eg", and can be pronounced "yæi" (West side Oslo), "yæ" (East end Oslo), "ye" (Eastern inland), "eg" (Bergen), "yei" (part of Trondheim), "i" (Molde), "æ" (Middle and Northern regions), "e" and "æg". In addition, the Sami people have their own very different Uralic languages (they constitute a family within the Uralic language, and are somewhat more distantly related to Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian, among others) with their dialects, and they obviously must have one or more words for "I", too.
Norway is often criticized for hunting whales and seals and for the hypocrisy of allowing the harpooning and shooting of marine mammals while banning Schechita and Dhabihah because both are cruel to animals.
Norway has finished last in the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other country. Norway has also won three times, with two songs that became international hits to some degree ("La det swinge" with Bobbysocks and "Fairytale" with Alexander Rybak) and one that did not ("Nocturne" with Secret Garden).
Norway is also the home to one of the most extreme forms of music, Norwegian Black Metal. Its musicians and fans burned churches and killed each other in the name of being the evilest. An example of a nutjob Norwegian Black Metal musician is Varg Vikernes.
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo.
Norway is the only country that borders Russia without having been attacked or occupied by Russia or the Russian-dominated Soviet "Union". Actually, a part of Northern Norway can be said to have been liberated by Soviet troops during a major disagreement in the 1940s.
There is a in Norway. One part of the building has a sign saying "Gods Expedition".
Norwegians taught the Japanese how to make sushi from salmon as a part of an initiative to export farmed fish. Norwegian salmon is rich in vitamin D and is delicious in fried, barbequed, smoked, sushi, and cured versions. The fermented version is for connoisseurs only.
The length of the Norwegian coastline is... meaningless. Should one measure roughly along the outer parts? Include more details, making the coast "longer"? Also, measure along the fjords? Also, measure around the islands? Also, measure the islets? Also, measure the skerries? Pick a number between 2,000 and 100,000 kilometers. But at least one can say that the south coast is a delightful place to stay in the summer when many Norwegians go there for vacation. The coast along the Western and Northern parts is popular among foreign tourists who like to take photos of impressive mountains and fjords.
Taxable income, tax paid, and total wealth is public information for all Norwegian residents.
Several of the billionaires in Norway started from nothing.
Norway is a leading country in using electric cars.
Most of the electricity in Norway is hydroelectric, with some additional wind power in recent years.
The cheese slicer was invented in Norway, allowing Norwegians to make thin, cheap cheese slices. The main types of cheese in Norway are gulost ("yellow cheese"), which is also called hvitost ("white cheese") and is a copy of the Dutch Gouda cheese, and brunost ("brown cheese") which is not a cheese at all but instead is a somewhat caramel-like substance that is made from whey.
Many Norwegians believe that the paper clip was invented in Norway. 
The list of inventions NOT made in Norway is longer and will not be provided here.
Norwegian Vikings traveled in their Viking ships (what else?) to North America during the 10th century. They also had some encounters with people in England, France, and what is now the Netherlands; this was sometimes peaceful trade, at other times a less peaceful, one-way exchange of goods. Despite common depictions today, blonde hair was relatively rare (brown and red were far more common, and Thor was just about always depicted with red hair), beards were common but not universal, and the facial features of men and women were significantly less distinct from each other than they are today. The average Viking man stood all of... about 5'6". They also invented Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. Norwegians are mostly proud of their Viking forefathers and foremothers (equal rights for women have come far in Norway). They are also a bit embarrassed by their varying social skills and manners.
Norwegians came first to the North and South poles for unclear reasons. In Norwegian, it is possible to make jokes about the "East Pole" and "West Pole", but these make little sense in English and Polish.
The polar circle goes through Norway. North of this circle is at least one day in the summer with midnight sun and one day in the winter without any part of the sun coming over the horizon. The polar circle is sometimes called the "moral circle", hinting at what some Norwegians do when there is not so much else to do during the winter with very long nights north of the circle.
The Norwegian city is the third-most populous city inside the arctic circle, and the largest outside of Russia, with a population of over 60,000. Around the solstices, it receives a large number tourists who want to brainfuck themselves when the sun hasn't set at 10 P.M. or want to eat lunch during the night evening twilight.
==Notable Norwegian cranks==
===Quacks===
*Snåsamannen
*Princess Märtha Louise
===Islamophobes===
*Anders Behring Breivik
*Fjordman
*Hege Storhaug
*Max Hermansen
*Nina Hjerpset-Østlie
*Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen
*Hans Rustad
*Christian Tybring-Gjedde
===Nazis===
*Vidkun Quisling
*Ragnar Skancke
*Varg Vikernes
===Conspiracy theorists===
*Rune Fardal
===Men's rights movement===
*MannsForum
==External links==
*"I hope they speak Norwegian in HELL!" ()
*Norwegian life
*In Norway, Prime Ministers (and NATO Secretaries General) drive taxis.
*Vote Norwegian!
*On second thought, let's not go to Norway. 'Tis a silly place.
*A documentary about the Norwegian blue parrot. Although it's possible that the documentarians have some of their facts wrong. (The bird does have lovely plumage, though.)
==Notes==
==References==
Category:European countries
Category:NATO member states