nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Harvey L. Pitt

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Harvey L. Pitt was an attorney and regulator who was the 26th chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), from 2001 to 2003. Pitt had previously been an attorney on the staff of the commission from 1968 until 1978, the last three years of which he was the commission's general counsel. He received some criticism because the Enron scandal occurred while he was SEC chairman. In a resignation letter to President George W. Bush, Pitt said, "Unfortunately, the turmoil surrounding my chairmanship and the agency makes it very difficult for the commissioners and dedicated S.E.C. staffers to perform their critical assignments."
Pitt died on May 30, 2023 at the age of 78.
Pitt was only the second chairman of the SEC to resign abruptly because of political turmoil. In 1973, G. Bradford Cook resigned 74 days after taking office during part of the Watergate-related scandals.
== Background ==
Pitt was an attorney with Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP for more than 20 years, having joined as a partner in 1978, and serving as co-chair of the firm from 1998 to 2001.
Pitt started his tenure at the SEC as a staff attorney in the Commission's Office of General Counsel (1968), and served in the following capacities over the next decade: legal assistant to SEC commissioner Francis M. Wheat (1969); special counsel in the Office of the General Counsel of the SEC (1970-72); editor of the SEC's Institutional Investor Study Report (1972); chief counsel of the SEC's Division of Market Regulation (1972-73); and executive assistant to SEC Chairman Ray Garrett, Jr. (1973-75).
== Education ==
Pitt received a J.D. degree from St. John's University School of Law (1968), and his B.A. from the City University of New York (Brooklyn College) (1965). He was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by St. John's University School of Law in June 2002.
== References ==	
Category:Former SEC Chairmen
Category:Regulators
Category:Former Regulators
Category:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Category:SEC - Former Commissioners
Category:SEC
Category:Lawyers
Category:Deceased
Harvey McGrath

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Harvey McGrath is the chairman of the board and the chairman of the nomination committee at London-based insurer Prudential plc. In December 2011, McGrath announced that he would be stepping down as chairman in 2012. He is the chairman of the London Development Agency, coordinating economic development and regeneration for the mayor of London, and also the co-chair of the new board of the London Enterprise Partnership (LEP).
== Background ==
McGrath began at Prudential as independent non-executive director in September 2008, and was promoted to chairman and chairman of the nomination committee in January 2009. He began his career at Chase Manhattan Bank in London and New York. He worked for Man Group plc for 27 years, beginning in 1980. McGrath was treasurer, finance director, and eventually president of Man Inc. in New York. In 1990, he was appointed as chief executive of Man Group plc in London, and in 2000 he became chairman. McGrath stayed with Man Group until 2007.
McGrath is the former chairman of the London First and the East London Business Alliances, and was also the former vice chairman of the London Skills and Employment Board from 2006 to 2011. He is the chairman of governors at Birkbeck College and is involved in a number of charity efforts.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Hashrate

Hashrate (or hash rate) is how cryptocurrency mining power is measured. Hash rates are reported for individual miners as well as for the entire industry. 
The number of times that a mining machine executes a hash function per second is known as the hashrate. A hash is the output of a hash function. The hash rate varies by the cryptocurrency that is being mined because the algorithms vary across cryptocurrency. Hashrates are measured in hashes per second, written h/s or H/s. Bitmain, a Chinese manufacturer of application-specific integrated circuit miners, advertises that its newest Antminer S9 has a hashrate of 14.5 Th/s, which is 14.5 trillion hashes per second when mining bitcoin. 
 
The hashrate is also the measuring unit of the processing power of the entire bitcoin network. According to Blockchain, a bitcoin industry data service, as of August 6, 2018 the hashrate for the bitcoin network had reached 55 quintillion which is 55 million trillion or 55,000,000,000,000,000,000 hashes per second.
== References ==
Category:Hash
Category:Bitcoin
Category:Blockchain
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Hauke Stars

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Hauke Stars was a member of Deutsche Boerse's executive board from 2012 until 2020, when she resigned from the management board and left Deutsche Boerse. 
Starting in 2016, she was responsible for cash market activities, pre-IPO operations and growth financing. She has also been the director of labor relations since June 2018.
She is responsible for Deutsche Boerse's new "Scale" market, aimed at helping small and medium-sized enterprises access the capital markets. Deutsche Boerse announced in September 2019 that she would be leaving the company at the end of November 2020 after eight years at the exchange. 
Stars is the first female member of the Deutsche Boerse executive board.
== Background ==
Stars spent six years at the media company Bertelsmann mediaSystems before moving to ThyssenKrupp Information Systems in 1998. ThyssenKrupp, renamed Triaton in 2000, was acquired by HP in 2004. Stars continued at HP after the acquisition until 2012, rising to managing director of Switzerland and country manager enterprise business.
As part of an investigation into allegations of insider trading against Deutsche Boerse CEO Carsten Kengeter, Stars and fellow board member Jeffrey Tessler will be the only executive board members eligible to vote on a possible fine against the group.
== Education ==
Stars has an engineering degree in applied computer science from Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg. She also has a master's in engineering from the University of Warwick, Coventry.
== References ==	
Category:Deutsche Boerse
Category:Deutsche Boerse Executive Board
Hawkish

*See also related terms Tightening and Loosening.
An individual who is said to be "hawkish" is someone who takes an aggressive stance toward interest rates. For example, if there is a threat of high inflation, to describe the reserve bank of a country as being hawkish may mean they are leaning toward a stronger action such as favoring an increase in interest rates to dampen high inflation. The antonym of hawkish is dovish.
 
== References ==
Category:Market Terms
Category:Definitions
Category:Federal Reserve System
Category:Central Banks
Haya Al-Merekhi

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Haya Al-Merekhi is a Qatari financial professional currently serving as the surveillance manager at the Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE). She is known for her expertise in monitoring trading activity, ensuring regulation compliance, and maintaining market integrity.
== Background ==
Al-Merekhi leads a team at QSE dedicated to upholding fairness, transparency, and trust in the financial system. Her role involves overseeing market surveillance, compliance with regulations, and maintaining the integrity of the exchange. She has a strong background in financial analysis, market investigations, and both qualitative and quantitative research.
In 2024, Al-Merekhi was nominated to attend the Market Infrastructure Certificate (MIC) programme offered by the World Federation of Exchanges. This experience provided her with valuable insights into market structure, risk management, and regulatory best practices, which she applies to her role at QSE to ensure the exchange's resilience and efficiency.
== Education ==
Al-Merekhi's educational background includes a postgraduate degree in market infrastructure from Bayes Business School, a Specialized Master's degree in strategic business unit management from HEC Paris, a Diploma in Islamic Finance from Hamad Bin Khalifa University, and a Bachelor's degree in business administration from Qatar University.
== References ==	
Category:Qatar Stock Exchange
Category:Fintech
Category:Market Structure
Category:Exchanges
Category:Regulation
Category:Compliance
Hayami Shiraishi

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Hayami Shiraishi is the Chicago-based representative of the Tokyo Commodity Exchange, Inc. 
== Background ==
Before joining the Tokyo Commodity Exchange, she was a principal at Pacific Liaison Services, Inc. for 16 years, and earlier was marketing manager at the Tokyo office of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange for six years. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Category: Tokyo Commodity Exchange
Hazem Dawani

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Hazem Dawani is the chief executive officer of Predata, a predictive analytics platform. He joined the company in that role in February 2018. He was previously the president & CEO of OptionsCity, which he founded, along with Victor Glava, in 2006. He had a leading role in building the trading system architecture, its market making engine and interface. 
OptionsCity was acquired in June 2017 by Vela Trading Systems. Following the acquisition, Dawani joined Vela as chief product officer. 
== Background ==
Earlier, Dawani worked as a director in the software department at Chicago Trading Company (CTC), where he had a leading role in designing and building the main electronic trading and market making engine and interface. That system led to the company's swift growth in electronic trading revenue.
Dawani also had a role in the creation of a software development process with the implementation of a support process and a management control system.
== Education ==
Dawani grew up in Jordan and moved to Chicago to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he received a BA in computer science and was a scholar in the IIT Leadership Academy.
== Accolades ==
In December of 2012, Dawani was named in the Crain’s Chicago Business 2012 “40 under 40” list. The publication honors influential up-and-comers with this award, specifically recognizing Chicago professionals who have made a significant impact in their respective fields before age 40.
He was honored on June 24, 2019 with Illinois Tech's Emerging Leader Award at IIT's Tech-X Awards Dinner.
== Interviews ==
*JLN Options - November 3, 2010
== References ==	
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Category:OptionsCity - Former Employees
Category:Vela - Former Employees
Category:Chicago Trading Company - Former Employees
Healthy Markets Association

Healthy Markets Association is an investor-focused non-profit organization aimed at promoting transparency, fairness, and efficiency within the financial markets. It seeks to educate market participants and promote data-driven reforms to market structure. 
== History ==
== Objectives and Focus ==
Healthy Markets Association primarily focuses on:
*Transparency: Advocating for clarity in the market processes, transactions, and rules.
*Fairness: Ensuring that all market participants, regardless of their size or influence, have equal opportunities.
*Efficiency: Streamlining market processes to reduce unnecessary costs and improve market function.
== Membership ==
Membership to the Healthy Markets Association is available to a diverse range of market participants, from institutional investors to financial service providers. Members often benefit from exclusive insights, reports, and the opportunity to collaborate on various initiatives that the association undertakes.
== Key People ==
*Tyler Gellasch - President and CEO
*Christopher Nagy - Research Director & Board Member
== References ==
Category:Industry Organizations
Category:Non-Profit Oranizations
Heather Brilliant

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Heather Brilliant is the CEO of Morningstar Australasia. She is the author of "Why Moats Matter: The Morningstar Approach to Stock Investing.
Previously, she was a vice president of equity analysis and credit research at Morningstar. 
== Background ==
Brilliant has held similar positions at Bank of America, Driehaus Capital Management and Coghill Capital Management before joining Morningstar in 2007.
She has served as chairman of the CFA Society of Chicago.
Brilliant was named to the Chicago Crain's 40 Under 40 list in 2013.
== Education ==
Brilliant graduated from Northwestern University with a focus on Economics and Spanish. She also holds an MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School.
== Five Minutes ==
July 2011
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Morningstar
Heather Larson-Blakestad

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Heather Larson-Blakestad is a communications manager with MCIT in Waterloo, IA. Previously, she served as executive editor of SFO Magazine. She had assumed the SFO position in May of 2007.
== Background ==
Larson-Blakestad has nine years of experience writing for, editing, and managing financial publications. Before that, she taught high school Journalism and English. 
== Education ==
She holds a bachelor of arts degree in the field of journalism and English education from the University of Iowa.
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Journalists
Category:SFO Magazine - Former Employees
Heather Sanders

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Heather Sanders joined APX in 2004 and is responsible for defining APX business intelligence offerings and the APX platform, investigating and executing strategic partnerships, overseeing the selection and implementation of BI industry standard toolsets, and the design and development of electricity specific use cases supporting participation in the competitive electricity market. 
== Background ==
During the last decade she has worked exclusively in the deregulated electricity industry with APX, The Structure Group, and Andersen Consulting (now Accenture). Her roles at former employers included Director consulting services, nMarketTM product manager, and PJM & MISO Subject Matter Expert. She holds a Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from South Dakota School of Mines & Technology and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Utah. 
== References ==	
Category:Weather
Category:Environmental Markets
Category:APX
Heather Seidel

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Heather Seidel is chief counsel in the Office of Regulatory Economics and Market Analysis with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). In this capacity, she serves as a member of the leadership team, advising on policy formation and providing guidance on regulatory, policy and legal matters. She also works in partnership with colleagues in the regulatory operations departments, the Office of General Counsel and other offices and departments throughout FINRA on joint projects and initiatives and represents the evp and office at meetings with internal and external constituents. 
== Background ==
Before joining FINRA in 2018, Seidel was chief counsel for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)'s Division of Trading and Markets. She was appointed to that position in February of 2015. The division’s Office of Chief Counsel provides legal and policy advice to the commission on matters affecting broker-dealers and securities markets.
Seidel was previously an associate director in the division. Together with David Shillman, she directed the division's Office of Market Supervision, which has responsibility for matters including oversight of the stock and option markets.
She has been involved with the SEC's rule making for securities-based swaps concerning registration and regulations.
Seidel served as associate director in the Division of Trading and Markets beginning in October 2010. Before assuming that position, she worked in the division as an assistant director, senior special counsel, and attorney fellow. 
Before joining the SEC, she worked as an associate and vice president in the law division of Morgan Stanley from 2001 to 2003, and as an associate at the law firm of Wilmer, Hale, and Dorr (formerly Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering) from 1999 to 2001.
In 2006, Seidel received the SEC's Jay Manning Award, which is given annually to an employee in the Division of Trading and Markets who has demonstrated an outstanding commitment to excellence in preserving fair and honest markets.
== Education ==
Seidel earned her Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1995 and her bachelor of science from the University of Connecticut in 1992.
== References ==
Category:Regulators
Category:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission - Former Employees
Heating degree days

Heating degree days are indicators of household energy consumption for space heating. It was found that for an average outdoor temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit, most buildings require heat to maintain a 70 degree temperature inside. 
Heating degree days (HDD) are measures of temperature deviations from 65 degrees Fahrenheit or 18 degrees Celsius. The United States measures HDDs in terms of the Fahrenheit temperature scale while Europe, Canada and Japan use the Celsius temperature scale. A Heating Degree Day (HDD) value is a measure of how cold a day is in terms of how many degrees that day’s average temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit or 18 degrees Celsius. The energy industry uses the Heating Degree Day Index to gauge how much energy customers are likely to use for heat based on how cold it is in terms of HDDs for given months or a season.
For example, an average daily temperature of 40 degrees would generate an HDD value of 25 (65 - 40 = 25). If the temperature exceeded 65 degrees, the value of the HDD would be zero.
A monthly or seasonal strip HDD value is simply the sum of each daily HDD value recorded during a given month or seasonal strip. For example, if there were 7 HDD daily values recorded in March in Chicago, the March 2008 HDD index would be the sum of the 7 daily values. Thus, if the HDD values were 25, 10, 25, 25, 48, 22 and 13 the November HDD index value would be 168 
== References ==
Category:Weather
Hector Sants

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Hector Sants was the head of compliance and government and regulatory relations at Barclays Bank. He resigned in November 2013 after being on sick leave for stress and exhaustion since January. He previously served as the chief executive of the UK's Financial Services Authority between 2007 and 2012. 
He left the FSA in June of 2012, after three years as CEO. He had announced his resignation earlier but was asked to stay on as CEO in order to transition the FSA from its established system of regulation to a proposed future model.
== Background ==
Sants succeeded John Tiner as the CEO of the FSA on July 20, 2007, having joined the FSA in May 2004 as managing director of wholesale and institutional markets. He became chief executive of the FSA just before Northern Rock went bust, and he helped to restore FSA's reputation after the rescues of the Royal Bank of Scotland (by the British government) and of HBOS (By the government and Lloyds of London), cracking down on abuse of customers and initiating a regime of "intensive supervision." 
Sants's years at the FSA followed a 30-year career in the City, starting at stock broker Phillips & Drew as an equities analyst covering the food industry before moving to head its New York operation. He became global head of equities at UBS when the UK firm was acquired and then joined Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette in 1998.
Sants joined Credit Suisse First Boston when the firm merged with DLJ in 2000, and was head of international equities before being appointed as CEO for Europe, Middle East and Africa and a member of CSFB's executive board. He was a member of the Financial Services Practitioner Panel and was previously a board member of the Securities and Futures Authority - one of the bodies that merged to form the FSA - and of the London Stock Exchange.
== Education ==
Sants graduated with a degree in psychology and philosophy from Oxford University.
== References ==
== External Links ==
*Hector Sants profile, The Guardian
Category:Bios - Regulators
Category:Financial Services Authority
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Hedge Exemption

Market participants who can demonstrate that their futures positions are bona fide hedging transactions can apply to the CFTC and the exchange on which they trade to receive an exemption from speculative position limits.
Bona fide hedging transactions are defined by the CFTC as transactions that normally represent a substitute for transactions to be made at a later time in a physical market and are economically appropriate to the reduction of risk in a commercial enterprise. 
For example, a grain elevator who owns grain it expects to sell in the future can hedge the risk that the price will decrease by selling futures. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Hedging
Hedge Fund Research, Inc.

Hedge Fund Research, Inc. (HFR) is a research firm specializing in the aggregation, dissemination and analysis of alternative investment information.
HFR produces the HFR Database, a source of hedge fund performance and information. HFR also distributes the HFRI Index and HFRX Index – benchmarks for hedge fund industry performance.
Chicago-based HFR Group L.L.C., founded in 1993, is involved with the provision of hedge fund data, research, indexation and asset management. The HFR Group of companies includes Hedge Fund Research, Inc., and HFR Asset Management L.L.C. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Founder and Chairman, Joseph G. Nicholas
*President, Kenneth J. Heinz
== References ==
Category:Hedge Funds
Category:Research
Hedge fund

A hedge fund is a private investment vehicle typically open to only a very limited range of qualified investors. In the United States, hedge funds are open to accredited investors only. Because of this restriction, they are usually exempt from any direct regulation by the SEC, NASD and other regulatory bodies. Because they are largely unregulated, hedge funds are free of the restrictions that keep most mutual funds from investing in non-traditional strategies like selling short and investing in complicated derivatives. 
However, hedge funds typically become subject to greater regulation once they have more than a small number of investors, so they are generally limited to a few very wealthy individuals.
A hedge fund manager receives a significant portion of its compensation from incentive fees tied to the fund's performance - typically 20 percent of annual gains over a certain hurdle rate, along with a management fee equal to 2 percent of assets (often referred to as "two-and-twenty"). The funds, often organized as limited partnerships, typically invest on behalf of high-net-worth individuals and institutions. 
Their primary objective is often to preserve investors' capital by taking positions whose returns are not closely correlated to those of the broader financial markets. Such vehicles may employ leverage, short sales, a variety of derivatives and other hedging techniques to reduce risk and increase returns. 
The classic hedge-fund concept, a long/short investment strategy sometimes referred to as the Jones Model, was developed by Alfred Winslow Jones in 1949. 
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Market Terms
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
Hedget

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Hedget is a protocol for decentralized options trading based on the Chromia blockchain. It is run by the Hedget Foundation which is headed by Malcolm Lerider, a NEO alumnus.
Financed in part by a seed round run by Asian VCs FGB Capital and NGC Partners, Chromia said it will use Hedget's initial funding for staffing and product development.
Hedget issues its own token (HGET), an Ethereum-based ERC-20 token which is used for trading.
== References ==
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: options
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki