nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
The Order Machine (TOM)

The Order Machine, aka TOM, is an alternative trading system founded in 2009 as a joint venture between BinckBank and Optiver. It is located in Amsterdam. It was created as a challenge to NYSE Euronext's business, in particular retail banks.
In April of 2017, TOM announced it would wind down operations after failing to find additional funding. In May of 2017, TOM began to transfer open interest to Euronext.
TOM ranked 42nd by derivatives volume in 2017 with volumes of 8.9 million contracts, down 62.3 percent from 23.7 million contracts a year earlier, according to the annual exchange volume survey published by the Futures Industry Association (FIA).
The Order Machine reached its first million traded options contracts on October 11, 2012, 10 months after its launch. By April 2013, its market share in Dutch options was estimated at 20 percent. On August 16, 2013, TOM said it had processed its 10 millionth contract.
By 2013, the exchange ownership had expanded to five firms:
*Optiver
*BinckBank
*ABN AMRO - purchased 25 percent share in July 2010
*IMC Group - purchased 9.99 percent share in March 2012
*NASDAQ OMX - purchased 25 percent share in December 2012, with an option to buy an additional 25.1 percent share.
In August of 2013 the company's CEO, Willem Meijer, told Bloomberg that TOM would aim for more than 50 percent of market share in index options in 2014. 
In January 2013, TOM began listing options based on NYSE Euronext’s benchmark AEX Index (AEX) for Dutch stocks. In April 2013, NYSE Euronext' LIFFE sued TOM, claiming the alternative trading system violated LIFFE's intellectual property rights by not obtaining a license to list options based on the AEX. In July of 2013 a court ruled that TOM infringed NYSE Euronext's trading rights, and as a result TOM changed its ticker symbols for options based on the AEX.
In August of 2014 ABN Amro said it would direct all its equity options retail flow to TOM starting in September. The bank said it would route all retail trades through TOM's Smart Order Broker platform to execute trades on TOM or Euronext based on where the best price is to be found. TOM had been seeking such a deal with ABN Amro for a long time. ABN Amro Clearing Bank has been a shareholder in TOM since 2010.
Willem Meijer stepped down as CEO of TOM on September 1, 2016. He was with the company since its creation in 2009. During those seven years, TOM gained 40 percent market share in the Netherlands. 
== Products ==
TOM is composed of two entities:
*TOM Smart Execution is a brokerage entity offering smart order routing.
*The exchange, "TOM MTF" is a MiFID-compliant Multilateral Trading Facility. 
TOM Smart Execution is a member of Eurex. TOM is also a market maker on NYSE Liffe.
== Key People ==
* Henk Wim van Arem, chief operating officer
==Contract Volume==
Year	Total Annual Volume	Percent Change
2017	8,973,120 	(-)62.3%
2016	23,788,784 	(-)8.6%
2015	26,015,228 	n/a
== References ==
Category:Alternative Trading Systems
Category:The Order Machine
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
The Path to Electronic Trading

The Path to Electronic Trading is a video series produced by John Lothian News under its MarketsWiki Education brand.
 
== Overview ==
The Path to Electronic Trading video series is designed to offer comprehensive insights into the transformation of financial markets from traditional open outcry trading methods to the modern electronic trading platforms that dominate today's global markets. It explores the history, technology, and key players who have shaped the world of electronic trading.
== Background ==
The Path to Electronic Trading video series was spawned from The Open Outcry Traders History Project and a video interview John Lothian News did with RJ O'Brien CEO Gerry Corcoran about his one day of working on the trading floor of the Chicago Board of Trade in the summer of 1988 and how that influenced the future path of electronic trading. Because of the story Corcoran told, John Lothian News launched a new MarketsWiki Education historical video series to capture the history of electronic trading and how it developed. 
== Objectives ==
The primary objectives of The Path to Electronic Trading video series are to educate viewers about the history, technology, and dynamics of electronic trading, making it accessible to a broad audience, including students, industry professionals, and those interested in the financial markets. The series also attempts to document the evolution of electronic trading by featuring interviews with key industry figures, traders, and technologists who have played pivotal roles in shaping the landscape. Lastly, it tries to provide valuable insights into the challenges, innovations, and regulatory changes that have influenced electronic trading practices.
== Content ==
The video series covers a wide range of topics related to electronic trading, including but not limited to exploring the transition from open outcry trading pits to electronic trading platforms, with a focus on major milestones and advancements. It also discusses the technological innovations that have driven electronic trading, such as algorithmic trading, high-frequency trading, and market connectivity. 
== Access ==
The Path to Electronic Trading video series is freely accessible to the public through the John Lothian News website and various video-sharing platforms. Its availability ensures that anyone interested in electronic trading can benefit from its educational content.
== Future Developments ==
As electronic trading continues to evolve and adapt to changing market conditions and technologies, The Path to Electronic Trading video series remains committed to providing timely and informative content. Future episodes are expected to address emerging trends, regulatory developments, and technological advancements in electronic trading.
== References ==
Category:John Lothian News
Category:John J. Lothian & Company, Inc.
Category:MarketsWiki Education
The Small Exchange

The Small Exchange, a new futures market aimed at retail customers, opened for trading on June 1, 2020, with access through CQG's platform. The exchange will initially offer three products: an equity index, dollar index and metals index. Donnie Roberts, president and CEO of the Small Exchange, said the company plans to introduce additional products in successive expiration cycles. The Small Exchange also confirmed it had the support of a new partner, Interactive Brokers. 
The company was co-founded in January 2019 by Tastytrade founder Tom Sosnoff and Peak6 founders Matt Hulsizer and Jenny Just.
The CFTC approved its application become a U.S. futures exchange on March 10, 2020. 
The exchange built its own infrastructure, from the matching engine to the risk management system. Its clearing will be done by OCC. The platform will start with futures and add options later.
== Background==
The Small Exchange was formed to become the world's largest "customer-centric" futures exchange, aiming to offer contracts designed for retail traders. It offered an initial one-time subscription to the exchange, a 50 percent discount on exchange fees and reduced market data fees. Up to 25,000 subscriptions were offered at $100 each.
The goal of the exchange was to make futures trading easy and attainable for customers.
In May 2019, the firm announced it had raised $10 million in new capital, $5 million each from Citadel Securities and Jump Capital, a division of Jump Trading. The following year, in May 2020, the exchange said it also landed support from Interactive Brokers and numerous other industry partners. 
In September 2019, the exchange announced that OCC would serve as its clearing house. 
== Products and Services ==
The exchange launched offering FX, equity indexes and metals: Small U.S. Dollar, priced directly to the U.S. dollar to eliminate the need for foreign exchange conversions; Small Stocks 75, which tracks data points across five major stock sectors; and Small Precious Metals, a blend of the most popular tradeable metals.
Contracts are priced in small, retail-contract sizes. Contracts will be cash-settled on the third Thursday of the month.
On December 7, 2020, the exchange announced it launched Small Treasury Yield (S10Y) futures, which offers customers the ability to trade Treasury futures according to their yield, rather than price. The yield for the contract is based on real-time U.S. Treasury data provided by the fintech company MarketAxess. 
On June 21, 2021 the Small Exchange launched the first Cannabis Equity Index Future (S420). 
And on September 23, 2021 the exchange said it planned to notice file with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to list a stock index futures contract based on an index of 17 cryptocurrency-related publicly traded companies.
== Key People ==
* Donnie Roberts, president and CEO
* Tom Sosnoff, co-founder
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
The Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute

The Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute is an organization designed to study sovereign wealth funds and their impact on global economics, politics, financial markets, trade, and public policy.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Michael Maduell, President and Founder
== Resources ==
* [http://www.swfinstitute.org/research/ifdp940.pdf Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System - Friends or Foes? The Stock Price Impact of Sovereign
Wealth Fund Investments and the Price of Keeping Secrets]
* House Committee On Foreign Affairs - Sovereign Wealth Funds, Oil and the New World Economic Order
* Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CIFIUS) - SECTION 721 OF THE DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT OF 1950
* Section 892 - US Internal Revenue Code - Income Of Foreign Governments And Of International Organizations
== References ==
Category:Sovereign Wealth Funds
The Stock Exchange of Thailand

The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is Thailand's first officially sanctioned and regulated securities market. It was set up under the Securities Exchange of Thailand Act, B.E. 2517 (1974) and began operations on Apr. 30, 1975. It operates under the legal framework laid down in the Securities and Exchange Act, B.E. 2535 (1992).
Its mandate is to be a market for the trading of listed securities, and promoter of financial planning, as well as to provide related services connected to such activities, without distributing any profits to members. 
Its main operations include securities listing, supervision of listed companies and information disclosure, trading, market surveillance and member supervision, information dissemination and investor education.
== History ==
The modern Thai Capital Market traces its origins back to the early 1960s. In 1961 Thailand implemented its first five-year National Economic and Social Development Plan to support the promotion of economic growth and stability as well as to develop the Kingdom's standard of living. Following upon this, the Second National Economic and Social Development Plan (1967-1971) then proposed for the first time that an orderly securities market be established in order to mobilize additional capital for national economic development.
The creation of Thailand's first officially sanctioned and regulated securities market was initially proposed as part of the Second National Economic and Social Development Plan (1967-1971). In outlining its proposal for the creation of a supervised securities market, the Second National Development Plan stressed that the market's most important role would be to mobilize funds to support Thailand's industrialization and economic development.
The modern Thai capital market can essentially be divided into two phases, beginning with "The Bangkok Stock Exchange" which was privately owned, followed by the establishment of "The Securities Exchange of Thailand." 
== News == 
In April 2011, the exchange announced that it had chose Cinnober Financial Technology's trading, information disclosure and surveillance system for the equity and derivatives markets. The platform was put in place in 2012. 
== Key People == 
*Sompol Kiatphaibool, Chairman	
*Somjate Moosirilert, Vice Chairman
*Charamporn Jotikasthira, President
*Viparat Misitsakul, Chief Operating Officer
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:Stock Exchanges
Category:Asian Exchanges
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
The Swedish Securities Dealers Association

The Swedish Securities Dealers Association (SSDA) is an association of banks and investment firms providing investment services in Sweden. Its mission is sound, strong and efficient securities markets in Sweden. It promotes the common interests of its member firms in regard to regulatory market and infrastructure-related issues. It also provides a neutral forum for co-operation between its members. When appropriate, the SSDA develops self-regulation, industry guidance and standards in order to achieve high markets integrity and efficiency as well as high confidence in the Swedish securities markets.
TRS technical group consists of FI officials and technical representatives, mainly from the Swedish Securities Dealers Association. FI and the Swedish Securities Dealers Association hold regular meetings concerning non-technical issues. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Industry Associations
The Trend Exchange

The Trend Exchange (TrendEx) is a media-related futures exchange owned by Media Derivatives Inc., which is privately funded by Veriana Networks. It will allow institutional investors to hedge investments in motion pictures. The exchange received regulatory approval from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on April 16, 2010 as a designated contract market and is expected to launch in the third quarter of 2010. 
On June 14, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission approved the first futures contract based on a box office receipts. The Trend Exchange plans to launch a contract based on the movie 'Takers', which opens on August 20, 2010. 
== History ==
The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the Directors Guild of America have stated that movie derivatives could undermine their business. They fear the exchange will spawn insider trading and speculation and, have launched a heated effort against the venture in the weeks leading up to the CFTC approval.
While the CFTC has given regulatory approval, they are reluctant about the actual contracts and how they would impact movie performances. CFTC Commissioner Bart Chilton believes this is a novel approach to hedging risk in Hollywood but has significant concerns about price manipulation and fraud. During the June 14 debate, CFTC Commissioner Chilton and Commissioner Jill Sommers voted against the Exchange. 
== Products and Services ==
TrendEx is developing a variety of products that will benefit the entertainment industry by helping mitigate risk. They will launch futures contracts based on opening weekend box office receipts designed for institutional traders and commercial users. Producing major motion pictures costs on average around $107 million per movie and production companies, historically, have not had an effective way to minimize risk.
The contracts will be based on movies that have an MPAA rating and are showing in at least 600 domestic theaters. They will be listed no more than 30 days before the movie's release date and end the day before the movie opens. 
== Key People ==
*Robert Swagger, CEO
== References ==
Category:Futures Exchanges
Category:MarketsWiki Page of the Day
The Volatility Exchange

The Volatility Exchange is a venture established by founder, Chairman, and CEO Robert P. Krause, to create and list contracts settling to the realized volatility exhibited in the market, as opposed to existing volatility products such as CBOE's VIX products, which reflect the implied volatility in the market. The company plans to file for Designated Contract Market status with the CFTC.
In addition to VolContracts, VolX owns the trademark and plans to list VolShares, stock-like instruments based on realized volatility. Future plans include VolSwaps, centrally cleared and standardized OTC derivatives, also settling to realized volatility.
== History ==
VolContracts were developed by VolX in 2000, in order to fill an anticipated need for risk management not fully met by implied volatility products. In 2008, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted the patent for what would become VolContracts. 
 
In November of 2010, VolX entered a licensing agreement with CME Group to list FX VolContracts based on the futures contracts on CME's major currency pairs. The first FX VolContracts, based on 1- and 3- month realized volatility of CME's Euro FX futures, began trading on February 7, 2011 but they were delisted on April 14, 2014. 
On February 10, 2015 BOX Options Exchange and The VolX Group announced an exclusive licensing agreement in which BOX will list RealVol SPY Options (VOLS) for trading, pending SEC approval. VOLS will be the first exchange-traded options based on the realized volatility of the broad U.S. equity market. VOLS offer direct exposure to the realized daily volatility exhibited by the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (symbol SPY). Currently, the majority of market participants are not able to trade, or hedge against, actual price risk of realized volatility directly. This type of risk-control tool has been offered only to large institutions in the over-the-counter volatility swaps marketplace.
== Products and Services ==
*VolContracts
*VolX Indices
*VolX Series
== Key People ==
*Robert Krause – CEO & Chairman of the Board 
*Louis Burke – President 
*Donald Schlesinger – Chief Strategy Officer & Vice Chairman of the Board 
*Wendy Robinson – General Counsel & Treasurer 
*Richard L. Sandor, Independent Director
== References ==
Category:Volatility Related Products
Category:Exchange Companies
The Wall Street Journal

Print and online newspaper that covers the events and data for the financial industry, as well as worldwide political events. It is the second largest newspaper in the U.S. The Wall Street Journal was bought by Rupert Murdoch in 2007 in News Corporation's $5 billion acquisition of Dow Jones & Co. 
Content from the print newspaper as well as other content can be found online at www.wsj.com.
== History ==
The first edition of the Wall Street Journal was published on July 8, 1889.
box|left|First Edition of Wall Street Journal
== References ==
Category:News Companies
Category:Dow Jones
Thematic Indices

Thematic indices are a type of stock index that is comprised of companies that operate within a specific industry or sector, capturing structural or macro trends disrupting the global economy. These indices are created to provide a benchmark for investors who are interested in a particular theme or industry, such as technology, healthcare, or renewable energy.
The companies that make up a thematic index are chosen based on certain criteria, such as revenue generated from the specific theme or industry, or the percentage of their business that is related to the theme or industry. Some examples of thematic indices include the STOXX Global Metaverse Index, the FTSE Thematic Index Series, the S&P Global Clean Energy Index, the Global X Robotics & Artificial Intelligence ETF, and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index.
Investing in thematic indices can provide investors with a way to gain exposure to a specific industry or theme while also diversifying their portfolio. However, it is important to note that because thematic indices focus on a specific industry or theme, they may be more volatile and have a higher level of risk than a broader market index.
== Megatrends ==
Here is a list of "megatrends" listed by InterContinental Exchange for their themactic indices and related products:
*Rising Demand for Semiconductors
*Health Care Innovation
*Consumer Lifestyle Shifts
*Focus on Sustainability
*Technological Transformation
*Transformation of Travel & Mobility
*Reinvestment in U.S. Infrastructure
*5G & Future of Communication
*Geopolitics
*Inflation
*Resource Scarcity
*ESG
*Cannabis
== Index Providers ==
The following firms offer themactic indices:
*Qontigo
*FTSE Russell
*Bloomberg
*InterContinental Exchange
*S&P Global
*Nasdaq
*Indxx
*NSE India
== References ==
Category:Indexes
Category:Indices
Theodor Weimer

__NOTOC__ 
Theodor Weimer is a German banker and business executive who is the chief executive of Deutsche Boerse. He took over that role on January 1, 2018. He replaced Carsten Kengeter, who resigned effective at the end of 2017.
Weimer was previously chairman of the German subsidiary of UniCredit. He joined the company in June 2007 as head of global investment banking in Munich and became a member of the executive committee in the markets and investment banking division. 
== Background ==
Weimer was born in Germany. He started his professional career in 1988 as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company in Düsseldorf. From there he switched to Bain & Company in Munich in 1995, becoming director and member of the global management committee. In 2001 he joined Goldman Sachs in Frankfurt as a managing director in the Investment Banking Division and was promoted to partner in 2004. His early roles established him as an expert in banking operations, strategy, and financial markets.
== Education ==
Weimer earned a degree in business administration, economics and geography at Universities of Tübingen and St.Gallen and a Ph.D. in mathematical organizational theory at the University of Bonn
== References ==	
Category:Exchange CEOs
Theodore L. Ehret

__NOTOC__ 
Ted Ehret joined Bayesline Limited in July of 2009 as vice president of sales and marketing for North America. He has been actively involved in trading since 1981.
== Background ==
Ehret worked as an independent management consultant from April of 2008 to April of 2009 before coming to Bayesline. From November of 2001 to December of 2007, he was a director with CME Group/Chicago Board of Trade. From 1999 to 2000 he was a consultant for Proxicom, Inc. From 1989 to 1995 he was a vice president with Aubrey G. Lanston.
== Education ==
He holds an MBA in Finance and Accounting and an AB in Economics from the University of Chicago. He has also held senior positions with Glickenhaus & Co. Inc., Morgan Stanley and Manufacturers Hanover Securities Corporation.
== References ==
Category:Bayesline
Category:Chicago Board of Trade
Category:University of Chicago
Thesys CAT LLC

Thesys CAT LLC is a subsidiary of Thesys Technologies. Thesys CAT is the plan processor for the Consolidated Audit Trail (CAT), the SEC's new trade data repository for equities and options.
== History ==
Thesys Technologies was selected to develop and operate the CAT in January of 2017. Thesys CAT, a separate legal entity, was formed in May 2017 to be the CAT plan processor. 
Thesys CAT then had to rapidly build out its staff. It added Edward Watson as COO and Shane Swanson as CCO in May. In December, Andre Frank became president and Thaddeus Covert became CTO. Both previously worked for Thesys Technologies. In February 2018, Thesys CAT appointed Vas Rajan as chief information security provider. 
== Key People ==
*Andre Frank, President
*Shane Swanson, Chief Compliance Officer
*Thaddeus Covert, Chief Technology Officer
*Vas Rajan, Chief Information Security Officer
*Edward Watson, Chief Operating Officer
== References ==