nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene felt

==Description== 
A nonwoven geotextile made from 100% polypropylene that is lightweight, strong, durable, and resistant to many chemicals. The fibers are long and continuous, which gives the fabric good strength and stability. The texture of polypropylene felt can range from smooth to fuzzy and it is resistant to tearing, fraying and stretching As a geotextile, it's applications include filtration systems, road and embankment stabilization and as a liner for landfills. Most commercial brands are UV stabilized for outdoor use. Indoor uses include padding under carpets, protective packaging and cushioning, as well as medical gowns, drapes and other disposable products.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Polyfelt [TenCate]; Propex [Solmax]
==Risks==
* Lower heat resistance: Compared to some other fibers, it has a lower tolerance for high temperatures.
* Can be less soft: May not have the same soft texture as some other types of felt.
* Flammable: Polypropylene is flammable, though it can be treated with flame retardants.  
==Chemical and Physical Properties==
* Chemical resistance: Highly resistant to acids, alkalis, and many solvents.   
* Moisture resistance: Polypropylene is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water.   
* Mold and mildew resistant: Due to its moisture resistance, it doesn't support the growth of mold or mildew.
* Recyclable: Polypropylene can be recycled.   
==Resources and Citations==
* Monarch Textiles: Polypropylene felt Accessed Feb. 2025
* McMaster-Carr: Polypropylene felt
* Sutherland Felt: Polyester and polypropylene felts
* Solmax: Propex
Category:Materials database Category:MWGCategory:Cushioning
Polypropylene fiber

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber made from the polymers or copolymers of polypropylene. In 1954, Giulio Natta (Milan Polytechnic, Italy) polymerized propylene and by 1957 polypropylene fibers were being commercially produced by Montecatini Societa Generale (Italy). Polypropylene fibers are lightweight, smooth and white with a slightly waxy feel. They are resistant to wear, crushing, acids, alkalis, moisture, fungi, and insects. Olefin fibers slowly degrade in sunlight and can be stained by oils. Polypropylene fibers are used to make rope, fishing nets, sewing threads, diaper covers, indoor-outdoor carpeting, artificial grass, upholstery fabrics, and stay-dry clothing. They are also used for geotextiles fabrics, pavement repair, roofing felts, and artificial ski slopes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polypropylene fibre; polyolefin; olefin; Celestra; Herculon; Marvess; Patlon; Typar; Fibrite; Meraklon; Aberclare; Deltafil; Gymlene; Neolfil; Polycrest; Reevon; Spunstron; Tritor;fibras de polipropileno (Esp.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|SpunpolypropyleneTestfabrics.jpg~FTIR|polyprop1000mm.jpg~SEM|polyprop200m.jpg~SEM]]]
== Risks ==
* May accumulate static electricity. 
* Burns with a heavy, sooty, waxy smoke. 
* Degraded by ultraviolet light and may contain UV absorbers or antioxidants.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in perchloroethylene, but may be dry-cleaned in cold trichloroethylene or white spirit. Resistant to strong acids and alkalis. Cross sections = circular or elliptical . Tenacity = 3.5-9.0 g/denier; Moisture regain = 0%
Composition 	[C3H5]n
CAS 	9003-07-0
Melting Point	160-170 C
Density 	0.85-0.94 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Textile Fashion Study: Polypropylene
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.637
Category:Materials database
Polysulfide

== Description ==
A synthetic elastomer containing sulfur and carbon links. Polysulfide is made by reacting sodium sulfide with an organic dichloride such as dichlorodiethyl formal. Polysulfide elastomers are resilient and are resistant to chemicals and ultraviolet light. However, they have poor tensile strength and abraded easily. Polysulfide elastomers were used as two part sealants that cure at room temperature in the 1960s. By the 1980s, they were replaced by silicone and urethane sealants.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polysulphide (Br.); Polysulfide (Deut.); polisulfuro (Esp.); polysulfure (Fr.); polisolfuro (It.); polisulfureto (Port.) 
Examples: Thiokol® [Thiokol Chemical];
== Risks ==
May contain PCBs.
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Panek, "Polysulfide Sealants and Adhesives" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977, p.368-381.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 680
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysulfide (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Polysulfone

== Description ==
A family of sulfur-containing thermoplastic polymers. Polysulfones are clear, hard, rigid and strong. They can be extruded an molded into many shapes. Polysulfone polymers are used for electrical equipment, pipes, auto components, electronic parts, appliances, and printing plates.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiP-SULFONE.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PSU; polysuphone (Br.); polisulfona (Esp.); polysulfone (Fr.); polisulfone (It.); polisulfona (Port.); sulfone polymer
== Risks ==
* Combustible but self-extinguishing.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Resistant to greases, solvents, alcohols, acids and alkalis.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 789
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polytetrafluoroethylene

== Description ==
A solid white polymer that is resistant to adhesion, heat, oxidation, light and chemicals. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was accidentally discovered in 1938 by Roy Plunkett at DuPont during an attempt to synthesize tetrafluoroethylene. The new polymer was a soft waxy material that could be molded into shapes then sintered with heat to form a hard solid. It was marketed as Teflon® by DuPont in 1943. PTFE is a soft, opaque material that is unaffected by acids, alkalis, and organic solvents. It is widely used for containers in chemical plants, for rockets, bearings, gaskets, and for non-stick frying pan coatings. PTFE is used for stain-resistant, water-repellent coatings on textiles. It can also be prepared as ribbonlike fibers, which are woven, knitted, felted or braided. Additionally, GORE-TEX® is prepared from a microporous Teflon® film laminated on a polyester fabric.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PTFE; TFE; poly(tetrafluoroethylene); politetrafluoroetileno (Esp.); politetrafluoroetilene (It.); politetrafluoretileno (Port.); poly(ethylene tetrafluoride); tetrafluoroethene polymer 
Examples: Teflon® [DuPont]; Gore-Tex® [W.R.Gore Associates]; Fluon [ICI, Britain]; Halon [AlliedSignal]; M362;
== Risks ==
* Does not burn in flame but evaporates above 215C and evolves HF. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Insoluble in water. Resistant to acids, alkalis and organic solvents. 
* Tenacity = 0.5-1.4 g/denier; 
* Elongation = 15-32 %; 
* Moisture regain = 0%
Composition 	[-C2F4-]n
CAS 	9002-84-0
Melting Point	300 C (dec)
Density 	2.1-2.3 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* History of Plastics: www.nswpmith.com.au/historyofplastics.html
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984. p.509.
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* M.Kaufman, The First Century of Plastics, The Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, 1963
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
Category:Materials database
Polytetrafluoroethylene fiber

== Description ==
See Gore-Tex®, Teflon®, polytetrafluoroethylene
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Gore-Tex® [W.R.Gore]; Teflon® [DuPont]; Toyoflon® [Toray]; tetrafluoroethylene fiber; PTFE fiber;fibras de politetrafluoroetileno, Teflón (Esp.)
Category:Materials database
Polyurea

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber prepared from polymers containing a urea group in the repeating unit. Polyurea was first manufactured in the 1940's. By 1958, small amounts were being commercially produced in Japan and sold as Urylon. However, the process is expensive and the fiber has not been widely used. Polyurea fibers are similar to nylon and have good resistance to solvents, acids, sunlight and insects. It is used primarily in fishing lines, nets, and ropes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Urylon [Toyo Koatsu Industries]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Resistant to acids, alkalis and most organic solvents. 
* Fiber is smooth. 
* Cross section is circular. 
* Tenacity = 4.5-5.5 g/denier; 
* Elongation 15-20%; 
* Moisture regain = 1.8%
Melting Point 	240 C
Density 	1.07 g/ml
Molecular Weight	Softening pt = 205 C
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* Polyurea Development Association at http://www.pda-online.org/ (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurea (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl acetal

== Description ==
1) A general name for a family of thermoplastic vinyl resins produced by the condensation of polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde. Examples are polyvinyl acetal (Alvar), polyvinyl formal (Formvar®) and polyvinyl butyral (Butvar®). They are used as adhesives, paints, coatings, and films. 
2) A specific name for resins made from the condensation of polyvinyl alcohol with acetaldehyde (Alvar). Polyvinyl acetal is a thermoplastic, transparent resin used in lacquers, coating and for phonograph records. It is tough and hard with good adhesion but weathers less well than polyvinyl acetate. 
Note: these resins are not the same as acetal resins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
poly(vinyl acetal); polivinilacetal (Esp.); Alvar; Butvar® [Solutia]; Formvar® [Solutia]; Vinylite [Union Carbide];
==Resources and Citations==
* Krysia E. Spirydowicz, Elizabeth Simpson, Robert A. Blanchette, Arno P. Schniewind, Mauray K. Toutloff, Alison Murray, 'Alvar and Butvar: The Use of Polyvinyl Acetal Resins for the Treatment of the Wooden Artifacts from Gordion, Turkey', JAIC 40(1), 2001.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl alcohol

== Description ==
A colorless water soluble thermoplastic resin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is derived from the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. It was first made in Germany in 1924. PVOH is used as a water-based adhesive and coatings. When the water evaporates, it forms a flexible transparent material. In general, polyvinyl alcohol is resistant to oils, solvents, greases and fungi. It is impermeable to most gases, but has poor moisture resistance. Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an adhesive in packaging and bonding porous material such as cork, leather, and paper. It heats seals at 50-65 C. Polyvinyl alcohol is also used as a modifier in other aqueous systems to improve film forming properties and promote adhesion. It is used for textile sizes, paper coatings, thickeners, printing inks, and to make vinal fibers.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiPVALCOHL.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PVOH (standard); PVAL; PVA (incorrect); poli(alcohol vinílico) (Esp.); alcool polyvinylique (Fr.); polivinil alcol (It.); álcool polivinílico (Port.); poly(vinyl alcohol); polyvinylalcohol; 
Examples: Elvanol® [DuPont]; Lemol [Borden]; Gelvatol® [Solutia]; Gohsenol [Nippon Synthetic Chemicals]; Mowiol [Hoechst]; Polyviol [Wacker Chemie]:
== Risks ==
* Decomposes in acids, alkalis and with heat. 
* Combustible. Flash point = 79 C (174 F) 
* Aqueous solutions contain fungicides to prevent mold growth. 
* Flinn Scientific: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Turns green when stained with iodine. 
* Softens at 50-65 C. 
* Soluble in water, dimethylformamide. Insoluble in hydrocarbons, methanol, acetone, diethyl ether.
Composition 	[-CH2CHOH-]n
CAS 	9002-89-5
Density 	1.27-1.31 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.49-1.53
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 848
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 7745
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_alcohol (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl butyral

== Description ==
A thermoplastic resin made by the condensation of polyvinyl alcohol with butyraldehyde. Polyvinyl butyral is a colorless, flexible tough solid. It is used in sheet form as the center adhesive layer in safety glass. It is also used to waterproof textiles. Polyvinyl butyral is weather resistant. See also Butvar.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PVB; poly(vinyl butyral); polivinilbutiral (Esp.); polivinil butirrale (It.); Butvar B73; Butvar B-98; Vinal; polyvinyl acetal; x
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in alcohols, acetone, aromatic hydrocarbons. 
* Insoluble in water.
* Tg = 45-63 C
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 848
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl carbazole

== Description ==
A brown, thermoplastic rein made by reacting acetylene with carbazole. Polyvinyl carbazole has good resistance to heat and chemicals, but is not very strong. It is used as a mica substitute for high-frequency insulation in capacitors.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
poly(vinyl carbazole); polivinilcarbazol (Esp.); polivinil carbazolo (It.); Luvican
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Melting Point = 150 C (softens)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 851
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl chloride acetate

== Description ==
A thermoplastic copolymer made with vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. Polyvinyl chloride acetate usually contains 85-95% vinyl chloride. It is a colorless solid with good resistance to water, acids, and alkalis. Polyvinyl chloride acetate is used in similar applications as PVC but it has less need for plasticizers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
poly(vinyl chloride acetate); polyvinyl acetate - polyvinyl chloride copolymer; copolímero de poli(acetato de vinilo) y poli(cloruro de vinilo) (Esp.);
== Risks ==
* Difficult to ignite, but burns evolving hydrogen chloride fumes. 
* Darkens with exposure to sunlight or heat.
* SigmaAldrich: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ketones, ester and chlorinated solvents. Swell in aromatic hydrocarbons. 
Insoluble in water, alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Composition 	[C2H4O - C2H3Cl]n
CAS 	9003-22-9
Refractive Index	1.53
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl chloride fiber

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of vinyl chloride units (Federal Trade Commission definition). PVC fibers are generically known as vinyon fibers or chlorofibers. Pure PVC fibers are used to make elastomeric fabrics. They are also used in outdoor fabrics, such as tarps, awnings, rain gear and fishing nets. 
See vinyon fiber.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polyvinylchloride fibre; poly(vinyl chloride); vinyon; chlorofiber; Fibravyl [Rhone-Poulenc Textile, France]; Rhovyl, Thermovyl; Leavin [ACSA, Italy]; Cordelan; Movil [Societa Polymer, Italy]; Vinagel; Elaston; Trovidur; Bexan [BX Plastics]; Bristrand [Polymers Inc.]; Pe-Ce-U [Farbenfabriken Bayer A.G.; Tricovil; Kubo
== Risks ==
* Degrades with heat and light to produce hydrochloric acid. 
* May also form carbon monoxide or phosgene. 
* Develops a negative static charge.
* CDH Fine Chemicals: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents. 
* Insoluble in water, alcohols, concentrated acids and alkalis. 
* Burns with green smoky flame and evolves HCl; extinguishes when removed form flame source. 
* Cross section = irregular. 
* Properties of 100% PVC: Tenacity = 2.7-3.0 g/denier (dry or wet) elongation 12-20% (dry or wet) Moisture regain = 0 %.
* Melting Point = 160
* Density = 1.38-1.40 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II. Man-made Fibres, 5th edition, Merrow Publishing Co., Durham, England, 1984, p.444. 
* F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, British Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957
Category:Materials database
Polyvinyl fluoride

== Description ==
A clear, tough, flexible thermoplastic resin formed from vinyl fluoride. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [(CH2 – CF2)n] is a thermoplastic fluorinated polymer that was invented and patented by the DuPont Corporation in 1948. Developed as a coating, its first widespread commercial use was as a pigmented liquid coating called Kynar 500®. Today, PVDF is used as a coating for metals. It is often made into a copolymer with other fluorinated monomers in order to improve or modify its properties. This is an unusual polymer, i.ee, very specialized and expensive.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF); poly(vinylene fluoride); poli(fluoruro de vinilo) (Esp.); fluorure de polyvinyl (Fr.); polivinil fluoruro (It.); fluoreto de polivinilo (Port.); poly(vinyl fluoride); polyvinylfluoride (PVF), poly(1,1-difluoroethane)
Examples: Tedlar® [DuPont]; Kynar 500 (Arkema); Hylar 5000 (Solvay Solexis) ; Solef (Solvay); Sygef
==Applications==
* Protective coatings, especially in stressful environments (high temperature, sun, acid, etc)
* Acid resistant filters
* Surgical sutures, medical devices
* Electrical braids
==Personal Risks==
* Considered safe for normal use at room temperature
* Fluoropolymers will degrade upon prolonged heating or in a fire, liberating Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) and Carbonyl Fluoride (COF2). HF is toxic to skin and can damage bones if allowed to seep into the skin. COF2 is toxic if inhaled or it comes into contact with moist skin.
* MSDS: https://catalog.seelyeinc-orl.com/Asset/MSDS-Sheet-for-PVDF.pdf
==Collection Risks==
==Environmental Risks==
Hazardous to environment if catches fire (requires extreme temperatures to do so).
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in cyclohexanone, dimethyl formamide
* Affected by strong alkalis, ester and ketones.
* Insoluble in water, oils, alcohols, acids, bleaches, weak alkalis
* Inert in most aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated compounds.
* Tenacity = 2.2-4.4 g/denier 
* Elongation = 15-30% 
* Moisture regain = 0.04%
* Melting Point = 170
* Density = 1.3-1.7
* Refractive Index = 1.42
==Working Properties==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Contributions: Catherine Stephens: AIC Plastics Panel, 2020.
* https://www.raremanufacturing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Rare-Manufacturing-What-is-PVDF.pdf
* https://www.solvay.com/en/brands/solef-pvdf
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinylidene_fluoride
* https://www.zeusinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/RESINATE-SE-NewFocusOnPVDF-ZeusInc.pdf
* Qinglian Li, Sancai Xi, Xiwen Zhang Conservation of paper relics by electrospun PVDF fiber membranes Journal of Cultural Heritage Volume 15, Issue 4, July–August 2014, Pages 359-364
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England 1984, p.520.
Category:Materials database