nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Bauxite

== Description ==
A soft, aluminum-containing ore. Bauxite is an impure mineral that contains hydrous aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides. In 1821, the first commercial source of bauxite was a mine near Les Baux, France; since then deposits have been found worldwide. Bauxite ores are usually a mottled reddish brown but can also be white, gray, yellow, or red. They typically contain 30-75% aluminum oxide. In antiquity, bauxite was used as an ornamental stone. Currently it is used as a source for metallic aluminum and as a filler in cement, rubber, plastic, and paints. Major deposits of bauxite are found in France, Italy, Greece, Suriname, Guyana, Ghana, Guinea, India, Brazil, Jamaica, Australia, and the U.S.(Arkansas).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gibbsite [Al(OH)3]; boehmite [AlO(OH)]; diaspore [HAlO2]; Bauxit (Deut.); bauxita (Esp.); bauxite (Fr., Port.); bauxiet (Ned.); bauksitt (Nor.); boksyt (Pol.); bauxit (Sven.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Decomposes in acids. 
* Insoluble in water. 
* No cleavage. 
* Fracture = earthy. 
* Streak = white. 
* Luster = dull.
* Mohs Hardness = 1 - 3
* Density = 2.4-2.6 g/ml
== Resources and Citations ==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online Comment: "bauxite" [Accessed December 4, 2001]
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite (accessed Sept 2. 2005)
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 87
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Bay and Paul Foundation

The Bay Foundation and the Josephine Bay Paul and C. Michael Paul Foundation are charitable endowments based in New York City. The Bay Foundation was established in 1950 by Charles Ulrick Bay and his wife Josephine. Mrs. Paul died in 1962, creating the second endowed foundation that bears her and her second husband's names. Both foundations make grants to educational and cultural institutions. Recent grants of the Bay Foundation have centered on children's science, math, and writing programs, projects of Native Americans, biodiversity conservation, and the care of museum collections. Grants made by the Paul Foundation support educational reform, the integration of arts with other pre-collegiate curricula, and biodiversity conservation. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.bayandpaulfoundations.org
Postal Address 	The Bayand Paul Foundations17 West 94th StreetNew York, N.Y. 10025
Phone 	1+ 212 663 115
Searchable 	No
Website Languages	English
Category:Directory
Bayberry wax

== Description ==
A greenish-white vegetable wax that covers the berries of small myrtle bushes, such as Myrica cerifera, native to America, Europe, and Africa. Bayberry wax, or myrtle wax, is collected by boiling the berries in water. It contains myristic acid (58%), palmitic acid (36%) and oleic acid (1.3%). Bayberry wax is used for soapmaking, candlemaking, and buffing metals. It has a balsam-like odor and has been used as a natural insect repellent. The tannins from the bark extracts were used medicinally. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
myrtle wax (Myrica cerifera; Morella cerifera); cera del árbol de la cera (Esp.); sweet gale (Myrica gale); candleberry wax (Myrica pensylvanica); capeberry wax (Myrica cordifolia); laurel wax; ocuba wax; bayberry tallow; vegetable tallow; wax myrtle; wax-myrtle; southern wax myrtle
 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Iodine value = 2.9-3.9
* Acid value = 3.5
* Saponification value = 205-217
* Melting Point = 40-49 C
* Density = 0.977-0.995 g/ml
* Refractive Index = 1.436
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 844; melting point = 40-46C, specific gravity = 0.995, saponification value = 205-212, contains 58% myristic acid, 36% palmitic acid and 1.3% oleic acid.
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayberry (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005) gives mp=45C, acid number=15, saponification value=220, iodine number=6
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point=46.7-48.8C, density=0.985, ref. index=1.436, iodine value=2.9-3.9, acid value=3.5, saponification value=205-217
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Bayeta

== Description ==
A coarse wool flannel woven by the Navajo from recycled yarns. Dyed fabrics and clothing brought to the American southwest via Mexico by European colonists in the 1880s were often traded to the Navajo Indians; colorful fibers from these cloths were unraveled and rewoven into colorful blankets (Tortora and Merkel 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
baeta; bayeta(Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Museum of our National Heritage-Lexington: Indian blanket exhibit label- uniforms from dead soldiers were also stripped and reused
Category:Materials database
Baygon

== Description ==
[SC Johnson and Sons] A registered trademark for a series of insecticide containing either propoxur or a pyrethrin derivative originally developed by Bayer in 1975. The active ingredients are still manufactured by Bayer but licensed exclusively to SC Johnson. Over 10 formulations are available for extermination and control of household pests such as crickets, roaches, ants, carpenter ants, spiders, silverfish and mosquitoes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|propoxurir.jpg~FTIR|propoxurstructure2.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
propoxur; PHC; 2-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate; o-IMPC
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. LD50=90-128 mg/kg 
* Decomposes to form methyl isocyanate. 
* May stain fabrics, plastics, paper and rubber. 
* PestWeb: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	(CH3)2CHOC6H4OOCNHCH3
CAS 	114-26-1
Melting Point 	91.5 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 209.2
== Resources and Citations ==
* SCJohnson: Baygon
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988
Category:Materials database
Baystix

== Description ==
A brand name for a water-based adhesive emulsion of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol. The dispersion also contains a small amount of soap as an emulsifier.
==Resources and Citations==
* Jane Down, Maureen MacDonald, Jean Te'treault, Scott Williams, Adhesive testing at the Canadian Conservation Institute-An evaluation of selected poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives., Studies in Conservation, 41, 19-44, 1996
Category:Materials database
Baytex

== Description ==
[Bayer (Mobay)] A former brand name for an insecticide composed of fenthion. Fenthion is an organophosphate compound. Baytex is no longer produced
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
fenthion; o,o-dimethyl-o-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl] phosphorothioate;
== Risks ==
* Restricted use. 
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. 
* Bayer: Batex 550
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in methanol, ethanol. ether, acetone and many other organic solvents. 
* Insoluble in water.
Composition 	C10H15O3PS2
CAS 	55-38-9
Density 	1.250 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 278.33
Refractive Index	1.5698
==Resources and Citations==
* Specimen label: link
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* MSDS Sheet Comment: pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/insect-mite/fenitrothion
Category:Materials database
Be Square

== Description ==
[Nucera (formerly Baker Petrolite)] A registered trademark for a low-melting microcrystalline wax. Be Square® wax wax used commercially as a sealant, laminate, and water-proof coating on paper, film, and foil.
Please see Polywax
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Bareco
==Resources and Citations==
* NuCera Solutions: Polyethylene Waxes
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Beach ivory

== Description ==
The Eskimo name for fossilized walrus tusks that are sometimes washed up on Arctic beaches (Untracht 1985). Beach ivory pieces may be old or recent. Their often mottled color ranges from nearly white to dark violet brown. Many have been infiltrated with dissolve minerals that add a crystalline, or marble-like, appearance to the tusk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
walrus tusk; fossil ivory
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* May weigh 7-15 pounds. 
* Denser and darker than elephant ivory. 
* Outer enamel ranges from 0.8-1.2 cm
* Density = 1.90-2.00 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Oppi Untracht, Jewelry Concepts and Technology, Doubleday & Co., Inc., New York City, 1985
Category:Materials database
Beads

== Description ==
Small, colorful pieces with a center thread hole that have been used for decoration and jewelry since prehistoric times. Beads are carved from stone, gems, pearls, coral, wood, shell, bone, teeth, amber, and ivory or cast from metals, ceramic, faience, and glass. Beads were valued; by the 15th century they were used for currency and trading by explorers, missionaries and native American tribes (wampum). Beadwork was woven or individually stitched by hand until machines were developed in the late 1890s for attaching beads to fabric. 
See also glass bead.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
beadwork; wampum
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Carey, "Beadwork" The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996.
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Bear

== Description ==
A large, heavily furred, carnivore of the family Ursidae, such as the brown bear (species Ursus). Bear fur has been used for rugs and coats while the fibers have been used for artist brushes. The guard hairs are usually brown or black with lengths up to 3-4 inches. For artist brushes, brown bear fibers are used in bushy mop style brushes. until the 1940s bear hair was also used in stiff mottler brushes for faux finishes as well as in mixtures with skunk hairs to make brushes for varnishing cast iron (Pinney 1999).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ursus; bear coat; bear rug
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Stiff, brown or black. Lengths up to 4 inches (10 cm)
== Additional Images ==
File:Polar Bear with cubs.jpg|Polar Bear with cubs
File:GrizzlyBearswp2.jpg|Grizzly bears
File:22_Bear_200X_comp.jpg|Bear fur fibers
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: bear" [Accessed October 16, 2003].
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Bear grass

== Description ==
A tall bushy perennial grass (Xerophyllum tenax) native to the western North America. Bear grass is found in open forests and meadows at sub alpine and low alpine elevations. It has a tall, center stalk with a slender head of small white flowers that only appears every 5 to 7 years. The leaf stems and roots from the grass have been used for basketry. The stems turn a creamy white color when dried in the sun.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Xerophyllum tenax; turkey beard; elk grass; squaw grass; soap grass; Indian basket grass
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Plants grow to heights of 1.5 m (4.5 ft). 
* Flower stalk can reach 2 m (6 ft).
* Leaves have toothed margins. Lengths of cut leaf stems are about 1 m.
== Resources and Citations ==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Bear Grass." (Accessed 9 May 2004).
Category:Materials database
Beaver

== Description ==
A water-loving rodent (genus Castor) native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Beaver have thick water-repellent were sought after for hats and coats. The furs have a dense gray-brown undercoat coavered with coarse, shiny, black or reddish brown guard hairs. Beaver were also hunted for the thick liquid from their musk gland, castoreum, that was used in medicines and perfumes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
beaver fur; beaver skin; beaver hair; North American beaver (Castor canadensis); European beaver (Castor fiber); castoreum; bæver (Dan.); Biber (Deut.); castor (Esp., Fr., Port.); bevers (Ned.); bóbr (Pol.); bäver (Sven.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Guard hair is coarse, about 3" long
== Additional Images ==
File:beaverguardhairwp2.jpg|Beaver (genus Castor)
File:beaverhair1large.jpg|Beaver hair
File:beaverhairlarge.jpg|Beaver hair (polarized light)
== Resources and Citations ==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Beaver." Accessed: 9 May 2004.
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/polarizedlight/pages/beaverhair1large.html
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Beaver cloth

== Description ==
A heavy, napped, twill weave, double cloth made from wool or, more recently, cotton. Beaver cloth, originally made in England, is sheared on one side to produce a nap that resembles beaver fur. It is used for outer garments, hats, and work clothes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
imitation beaver; bever(bont) (Ned); beverteen (namaak beverhuid) (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website: www.fabrics.net
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Beaverboard

== Description ==
Originally a trademark of the Beaver Board Company (1905) for a pulp composite wallboard made from wood pulp and/or waste paper. Now the term beaverboard is generally used for a variety of rigid, laminated fiberboards. Beaverboards became a popular interior finish wallboard because they were available in many types of finishes, such as pebble-surfaced, and could be painted or decorated with stenciled designs instead of wallpaper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
beaver board; fiberboard; wallboard;
==Resources and Citations==
* C. Gould, K. Konrad, K. Milley, R. Gallagher, "Fiberboard", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Bebeeru bark

== Description ==
Bark from the greenheart tree, Ocotea rodioei, native to Guyana. Water extracts from the bebeeru bark have a high concentration of tannins that have been used for leather processing. The extract has also been used as a medicine for reducing fevers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bebeerine; bebirine; buxine; greenheart; bibiru bark; sipiri bark; also listed as Nectandra rodioei
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1043
* Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online Comment: "Greenheart." Accessed 12 May 2004.
Category:Materials database
Beckmann mixture

== Description ==
A strongly oxidizing chromic acid solution used for many years to remove all traces of organic residues from laboratory glassware. Beckmann mixture is made with 60 parts potassium dichromate, 80 parts concentrated sulfuric acid, and 270 parts water.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
glassware cleaning solution
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Bedacryl 122X

== Description ==
[ICI] A brand name for a transparent acrylic resin. Bedacryl is composed of n-butyl methacrylate (40%) in xylene. It has been used as a consolidant for wood, fossils, and leather.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Synocryl 9122x
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in toluene, xylene, ketones.
==Resources and Citations==
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation termlist - www.hants.org.uk/museums
Category:Materials database
Bedding plane

== Description ==
1) A planar or nearly planar surface that visibly separates the individual beds, layers or strata, especially in sedimentary rocks. 
2) Any surface, even when conspicuously bent or deformed by folding.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
plano de estratificação (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* José Delgado Rodrigues, LNEC, Submitted information, 2009.
Category:Materials database
Bedford cord

== Description ==
A heavy cloth with a lengthwise rib made from cotton, worsted, rayon, or silk. Bedford cord is a strong, durable fabric. The raised cord parallels the the warp direction. Bedford cord is used for uniforms, children's clothes, sport clothes, and outerwear.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
military cord
==Resources and Citations==
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 249
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Bedford stone

== Description ==
The former name for Indiana limestone because the first large quarry was near the town of Bedford, Indiana. Now Indiana limestone is quarried over a large area which incorporates most of Lawrence, Owen, and Monroe Counties.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Indiana limestone
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Light color, oolitic limestone
* Density = 2.163-2.403 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Bedford Stone : Limestone
* Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Limestone (accessed May 2022)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
Category:Materials database
Bedstraw

== Description ==
A natural red dye obtained from the roots of the Galium species plants native to England and northern parts of Europe. Some examples are Galium verum (ladies bedstraw), Galium cruciata (bedstraw), and Galium mollugo (hedge bedstraw). The principal colorant in bedstraw dyes is pseudopurpurin. A yellow dye is obtained from the stem and tops of the plant (yellow ladies bedstraw). The stems of the plants were also used for stuffing mattresses in medieval times.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Galium verum (ladies bedstraw, our lady's bedstraw, yellow spring bedstraw); Galium mollugo (hedge bedstraw, false baby's breath); Galium cruciata (bedstraw); Natural Red 14; caglio (It.); erba solfina (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* H.Schweppe, J.Winter, "Madder and Alizarin", Artists Pigments, Volume 3, E. West FitzHugh (ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997.
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* A. Wallert Studies in Conservation 40:177-188 1995
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database