nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Mariam Yahia Ibrahim Ishag

Mariam Yahia Ibrahim Ishag is a 27-year-old Sudanese woman who in 2014 was sentenced to death for apostasy. Mariam was born to a Muslim father, but after her father left she was raised as a Christian by her mother. A court said that she should have followed the faith of her absent father. She was given 3 days to abandon her Christian faith but refused to do so. Her marriage to a Christian man was also considered void as Islamic law does not allow marriages between Muslim women and non-Muslim men. Therefore, she was also sentenced to 100 lashes for adultery to be carried out before her execution.
Mariam Ibrahim was arrested 8 months into her second pregnancy and forced to give birth in prison with her legs chained. This may cause permanent disability to the baby. Sudanese woman spared death for apostasy meets Pope Francis
The death sentence generated a strong international outcry, including statements from the leaders of all three major political parties in the United Kingdom, the United States State Department, the United Nations and Amnesty International among others. David Cameron condemns Meriam Ibrahim death sentence in Sudan Sudan Urged Not to Execute Christian Woman Many ordinary people also supported her, Hemant Mehta for example. Cruel Uncertainty: Will Apostate Meriam Ibrahim Be Freed From Death Row in Sudan?
Mariam Ibrahim was released from prison in June 2014, but when she and her family tried to leave Sudan secret police detained them at the airport using violence against the family and their lawyers.Meriam Ibrahim's husband describes being terrorised by 'Agents of Fear'Sudan death row woman Meriam Ibrahim freed again Following their release the family spent a month in the U.S. embassy in Khartoum. They finally left Sudan and later met Pope Francis at the Vatican. Sudan 'apostasy' woman Meriam Yahia Ibrahim meets Pope The family are now in New Hampshire in the United States where they plan to live Meriam Ibrahim, Woman Freed From Sudan, Announces Plans To Settle In New HampshireMeriam Ibrahim: 'I have always wanted and only wanted my faith'Sudanese Woman Sentenced to Death for Apostasy Will Settle in New HampshireMeriam Ibrahim, Christian threatened with execution in Sudan, arrives in US and Meriam Ibrahim intended to campaign for victims of religious persecution. Sudan apostasy woman Mariam Ibrahim 'to campaign'
==References==
Category:Islamic extremism
Category:Human rights
Marian Van Court

Marian Van Court is an advocate of eugenics, sometime scientific collaborator of IQ researcher and eugenics advocate Richard Lynn, and an anti-semite.
Writing on white supremacist website Counter-Currents, and building on the anti-semitic "research" of neo-Nazi Kevin MacDonald that basically claims that political correctness, non-white immigration and much more besides stem from a Jewish conspiracy against Western civilisation, she claims that eugenics was deliberately made into a pariah belief among gentiles in the late 1960s by a cabal of Jewish critics, while Israel simultaneously pursued eugenics for its people in secret. She suggests that this was a deliberate and successful attempt by Jews to reduce the genetic fitness of non-Jewish people, and that this might constitute a crime against humanity. She provides no evidence that the 1960s critics of eugenic ideas who happened to be Jewish knew of eugenic efforts in Israel.Marian Van Court, Against Good Breeding: Understanding Jewish Opposition to Eugenics
==External links==
*Counter-Currents Publishing
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Antisemites
Category:Racists
Category:Eugenics supporters
Marian apparition

A Marian apparition is an alleged phenomenon in which visions or images of Mary (the mother of Jesus) are perceived to appear in modern times. It usually takes the form of a situation where a Christian might see an image of Mary, while a non-Christian sees in the same image either nothing or a generic woman's image- for instance, the heroine of a romantic novel. Many Christians (especially pastors and those on Crazy People Central Facebook) love to use these images as an example to "prove" that Mary actually walked the Earth and therefore the rest of the Bible is true and their particular god is real (One has to wonder why nobody points to it as "evidence" that the heroine of a particular romantic novel is supposedly a 100% real woman.)
These can be visions claimed by one person, appearances alleged to have been seen by large numbers of people in a particular place, rumors that an image of Mary is appearing on a particular rock formation or shadow at a certain time of day, etc. Some of these perceived "sightings" of Mary are forms of religious pareidolia, in which "Mary" is seen in an ordinary object. It can be very easy to perceive images in random everyday objects that appear to confirm beliefs you already hold, especially if said beliefs are not supported by any evidence and you really, really want them to be true.
==Examples==
Some of the most famous "Marian apparitions" allegedly took place in Lourdes, France and Fatima, Portugal- both with their own respective miracle claims. http://www.skepdic.com/lourdes.htmlhttp://skeptoid.com/episodes/4110http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790620,00.html
In the United States, the visions of Mary by Veronica Lueken from 1970 to her death in 1995 in Bayside, New York were heavily promoted with billboards and a 1-800 number you could call for a packet of brochures on Mary's message. Mary's message as channeled through Veronica Lueken was heavily infused with apocalyptic warnings of a coming New World Order conspiracy, because of fucking course it was.
In 2004, a woman put up for sale a 10-year old grilled cheese sandwichEeeeew, gross!, which she said had an image of the Virgin Mary on it. It fetched $28,000.00 on eBay despite having a bite taken out of it.Double gross! Eternal salivation salvation may be tempting, but come on, you just can't get enough melted cheese.The ultimate buyer turned out to be a casino, which made the purchase as a publicity stunt. Why someone else bid almost that much one can only guess...
==See also==
*Fátima
*Religious pareidolia‎
*Stigmata
*Confirmation bias
==External links==
*ABC News: Virgin Mary Seen in Bird Poop
*Virgin Mary Appears in Toilet
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Christianity
Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics
Category:Articles needing explanation
Marie Stopes

Dr. Marie Stopes was an author and social activist who is perhaps best known for the Marie Stopes Clinic in London, one of the best reproductive health centres in the UK. She is also famous for her efforts to promote birth control for women in the early 1900s.
She was also a staunch supporter of eugenics, and did a fine line in wackiness.
==Marie Stopes and eugenics==
Dr. Stopes strongly opposed reproductive rights for those who carried "inheritable defects." She urged the British National Birth Rate Commission to support mandatory sterilization of prospective parents who were "diseased," "prone to drunkenness," or "of bad character." Stopes wrote that the "sterilization of those totally unfit for parenthood be made an immediate possibility, indeed made compulsory."Dr. Marie Stopes, A Radiant Motherhood (1920) She went on further to say the were she in charge, she would "legislate compulsory sterilization of the insane, feebleminded...revolutionaries...half-castes."Dr. Marie Stopes, The Control of Parenthood (1920)
==Marie Stopes and sleep==
Stopes recommended sleeping in a north-south position. 
==Marie Stopes and spooge==
Stopes became a big fan of the man chowder in her later life and held that, when absorbed by the woman, it had a "tonic, health-giving effect." From In the Name of Science, Martin Gardner (1957) p.161
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Scientists
Category:Eugenics supporters
Marjoe Gortner

Marjoe Gortner (born 1944, his first name a portmanteau of "Mary" and "Joseph") was a famous American child preacher. Marjoe's parents taught him how to preach at a very early age. From the time he was four, until he was fourteen (when his youth was no longer extraordinary enough to draw crowds), his parents used his novelty evangelist act to make money. Though this income supported his family, he never received any himself. 
==Childhood==
Marjoe was supposedly taught to say "hallelujah" before he could say "mom" or "dad." He could preach from memory at age 3, and was trained in performing arts ranging from the saxophone to twirling a baton. Marjoe was ordained and started preaching to Bible Belt communities by age four. Audiences believed Marjoe was a "miracle child" receiving sermons from God while sleeping — in reality he carefully memorised his sermons under harsh discipline.Flo Conway and Jim Siegelman. Marjoe Gortner. Positive Atheism. His mother would suffocate him under a pillow or water faucet if he failed to perform satisfactorily (she chose these methods specifically because they left no visible marks).Marjoe (1972), directed by Sarah Kernochan and Howard Smith. Kids of the Cloth: Child Preachers
==Documentary==
On Gortner's invitation, in 1972 Sarah Kernochan and Howard Smith produced a documentary film about Gortner titled Marjoe. The film won the 1973 Academy Award for Best Documentary.The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
In the film, Marjoe admitted that he didn't even believe what he preached, and explained the psychology behind the phenomenon of speaking in tongues.
==Later career==
After his documentary was released, he recorded a country music album, Bad, But Not Evil, and appeared in a number of television and film projects (arguably, his finest screen work was playing "Teddy," a psychopathic drug dealer in the 1979 film When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?, adapted from the play by Mark Medoff). In 2008, the 9th Melbourne Underground Film Festival in Australia held the first retrospective of his films. He also organized a number of golf tournaments, ski events, and auctions for charity until his retirement in 2010.
==Legacy==
In 2008, Brian Osborne produced a one-man play inspired by Marjoe's life as an evangelist entitled The Word. It was later re-imagined in 2010 as The Word: A House Party for Jesus. 
==See also==
*Benny Hinn
*Child abuse
==External links==
*Marjoe Gortner on IMDb
*Positive Atheism's webpage on Marjoe Gortner
*Official website for the play The Word: A House Party for Jesus
==References==
Category:Christians
Category:Films
Category:Ministers
Category:Scams
Category:Living people
Mark

*The fall guy, dupe, target, or victim in a scam. In other words, another carcass on the road to riches for the scammers, whether they be pseudoscientific or just plain criminals. In the TV show, presenter Paul Wilson uses the term in his pseudonym "Rob Marks" in reference to the fact that he is robbing his marks.
* A common given name (Mark Cahill, Mark Collett, Mark Dice, Mark Downey, Mark Fuhrman, Mark Geier, Mark Hoofnagle, Mark Hopkins, Mark Levin, Mark Ludwig, Mark Lynas, Mark McCutcheon, Mark McKenzie, Mark Richards, Mark Robinson, Mark Sanford, Mark Sexton, Mark Taylor, Mark Twain, Mark Zuckerberg, etc.).
* The title/author's name of one of the four biblical Gospels.
* A sign or other distinguishing feature, whether real or abstract, such as The Mark of the Beast.
* The pre-euro German currency.
* A fan who believes it is real due to its nature of being presented as real when in reality the results are pre-determined, as opposed to fans who know that it's scripted (called smart marks or "smarks" for short).
==See also==
* Sucker
==External links==
* Wikt:mark
Mark-to-market accounting

Mark-to-market accounting (also called fair value accounting) is a type of accounting contrasted with "book value accounting." In book value accounting, an asset's value is listed at the price for which it was bought. In mark-to-market, an asset's value is set by the current market value (making it similar to the "blue book value"). So if I want to buy widget x from you, and you bought that widget at $30, that would be the book value. However, widget x is currently worth $5 according to market trends, so I ask to purchase it at the mark-to-market price. 
Some assets, like futures and complex financial derivatives, are inherently difficult to price, especially because many have their value in future earnings rather than current value. A type of accounting related to mark-to-market that can be used to price these assets is called "mark-to-model." This type of accounting uses financial models to forecast the future value of an asset.
Mark-to-market accounting has an obvious advantage over book value in many cases, however, it can be unreliable and is easily exploited for the purposes of accounting fraud. If prices for some assets become artificially inflated, it can push up the mark-to-market value of the asset class as a whole where no real value is gained. This is what is meant when prices become detached from "the fundamentals." Complex financial derivatives are not always traded on an open market, which easily allows for mark-to-market values to be gamed by crooked (or simply incompetent) accountants. (This also depends on the derivative and where it's traded — the UK, for example, has fairly strict regulations on this sort of trading, while the US has recently set up a derivatives "clearinghouse" as a result of the recent financial reform to monitor derivative trading.) Mark-to-model is especially easily abused (or screwed up by incompetents) by plugging faulty assumptions into the models in order to artificially inflate the values of derivatives and stock in what's called a pump and dump scheme.
Enron was a big fan of mark-to-market and mark-to-model, which it abused wholesale in order to keep its stock prices up and the executive bonuses rolling in. Enron, its accounting firm Arthur Anderson, and a number of other firms won the 2002 Ig Nobel Prize for "adapting the mathematical concept of imaginary numbers for use in the business world".2002 Ig Nobels Mark-to-market and mark-to-model accounting were also widely used by banks and credit agencies during the housing bubble. As a result, the Securities Exchange Commission has been granted greater oversight of mark-to-market accounting practices. According to one Janet Tavakoli, head of a Chicago-based consulting firm, "'Mark-to-model' is a joke."Can Wall Street Be Trusted to Value Risky CDOs? The answer is now obvious. Warren Buffett called it "mark-to-myth".Warren Buffett on derivatives.
==External links==
*Mark-to-market definition at Investopedia
*Mark-to-model definition at Investopedia
==References==
Category:Economics
Category:Financial fraud
Category:Financial crisis of 2007 to 2009
Mark Cahill

Mark Cahill is an evangelist from Stone Mountain, Georgia who sells mass-market Christian paperback books, including One Thing You Can't Do In Heaven.Mark Cahill. One Thing You Can't Do In Heaven (ISBN 978-0-9643665-8-9). Biblical Discipleship Publishers. 2007. markcahill.org. Retrieved 31 July 2015. His books mainly function as step-by-step instructions on how to annoy the hell out of friends, family, coworkers, and complete strangers by spreading the good news to the lost. He also publishes annoying little fundie tracts and strongly advocates littering the countryside with them.
==Tracts==
One of Cahill's favorite tactics is stuffing evangelism tracts inside of soda pop cartons in the local grocery store.
Great places for finding the lost also include malls, music and art festivals, beaches, sporting events, and bar sections of towns.
==Books==
His books help to educate the ignorant of the very real existence of angels and demons,Mark Cahill. Do Devils Speak Louder Than You? markcahill.org. Retrieved on 3 August 2015. as well as the dangers of evolutionists,Calvin Smith. Sleeping with the enemy; Is teaching theistic evolution the solution? creation.com. Retrieved on 3 August 2015. Buddhists, fornicators, and pot smokers.
==Pseudoscience==
Cahill is well versed in fundamentalist pseudoscience, pseudoarchaeology, and other creationist jargon. For example, his indoctrination materials include the following guidance:
==Fundies versus fundies==
Cahill's formal training in religious studies and theology consists of attending Auburn University on a basketball scholarship and getting a bachelor's degree in business.Mark Cahill biography. amazon.com. Displaying the amazing ignorance common to many fundies, he pissed off Calvinists by calling them heretics and distanced himself from other ministries that "hold to Reformed Theology."Ken Silva, The "Different God" of Calvinists and Mark Cahill Announcement. apprising.org, 1 October 2010.Ken Silva, Warnings Concerning Mark Cahill. apprising.org, 2 November 2012.Though, given that Calvinists' beliefs are actively dangerous to morality and thoroughly incompatible with a benevolent God, is that really a problem? Cahill, the false prophet and fable pusher, furnished this reply to Calvinist criticism:
==See also==
*Campus Crusade for Christ
*Jack Chick
*Josh McDowell
==External links==
*Official website
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:Christian apologists
Category:Creationists
Category:Fundamentalists
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Homophobes
Mark Hoofnagle

Mark Hoofnagle is an American surgeon, skeptic and blogger known for his commentary on the phenomenon of denialism. He earned his M.D. as well as a Ph.D. in physiology from the University of Virginia, and is a graduate of the general surgery residency program at the University of Maryland.Graduate Fellowship and Employment History University of Maryland Medical Center (archived from September 24, 2020). Hoofnagle's "denialism blog" is hosted by ScienceBlogs, and he also runs the website denialism.com jointly with his brother Chris. 
In his overall summary of denialist positions — whether regarding global warming, evolution, vaccines, HIV/AIDS, 9-11 or anything else — Hoofnagle describes denialism as being defined by "the employment of rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of argument or legitimate debate, when in actuality there is none", identifying five main tactics used by denialists: conspiracy theories, cherry picking, false experts, moving the goalposts and general logical fallacies. He contends that denialist positions almost always degenerate into conspiracism, because "…denialist theories that oppose well-established science eventually need to assert deception on the part of their opponents to explain things like why every reputable scientist, journal, and opponent seems to be able to operate from the same page." He's also written a how-to-guide on being a crank scholar.
Mark Hoofnagle is responsible for coining the useful phrase "crank magnetism". 
 
==See also==
*Denialism
*ScienceBlogs
==External links==
*"Denialism" on ScienceBlogs
*Denialism.com
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Atheists
Category:Bloggers
Category:Physicians
Category:Skeptics
Mark Ludwig

Mark Ludwig was a American physicist and intelligent design advocate.
==Biography==
Ludwig had a PhD in physics and was an expert on the subjects of computer viruses and artificial life; His books on these topics were well-received.Interview with Mark Ludwig He later wrote a book opposing evolution and advocating intelligent design which has not received good reviews from other scientists.
==Intelligent design==
Ludwig is known for his book Computer Viruses, Artificial Life and Evolution (1993) which is one of the first intelligent design books. According to biologist Gert Korthof his book "starts with a scientific study of computer viruses and Artificial Life, transforms into a defence of intelligent design and ends with a confession of belief in the supernatural." Korthof explains that Ludwig was a qualified physicist with expert knowledge of computer viruses but without sufficient training in biology and he misunderstood and misrepresented biology.Review by Gert KorthofMark Ludwig: Intelligent Design Theorist - Fact or Fiction? 
==Reception==
Ludwig's book on intelligent design has been rejected by scientists yet is often quote mined by religious creationists in an attempt to prove that evolution is under attack and falling apart.Creationist ArticleComputer Viruses, Artificial Life and Evolution Some Christians also believe that Ludwig disproved atheism as he presented evidence that life could not have come about by chance.The Crutches of Atheism By Guy Cramer These claims of Ludwig have however been rejected by the scientific community.Bad Science, Worse Philosophy: the Quackery and Logic-Chopping of David Foster's The Philosophical Scientists (2000)
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Authors
Category:Intelligent design creationism
Category:Physicists
Mark Lynas

Mark Lynas is a British author, journalist, and Monsanto shill environmentalist. While he has no formal scientific qualifications or credentials he contributes to many newspapers in the UK and has written several books about climate change. He is pro-nuclear power.
In 2001, Bjørn Lomborg was pied in the face by Mark Lynas during a book signing at Borders.Lomborg cream pied by Mark Lynas
==Career==
In his mid-twenties, Lynas was an anti-GMO activist, helping destroy GMO test plots in the UK in direct action protests. In January 2013, he shocked the organic food and anti-GMO world by giving a lecture at the Oxford Farming Conference apologizing for opposing GMOs and for helping to start the movement in the 1990s (saying he regrets it completely), stating specifically that he is now pro-GMO for environmental reasons, and challenged anti-GMO people "to question your beliefs in this area and to see whether they stand up to rational examination."A video and transcript of Mark Lynas' speechLeading Environmental Activist’s Blunt Confession: I Was Completely Wrong To Oppose GMOs
==Change to pro-GMO==
As stated by Michael Shermer, when both he and Lynas were featured on the show The Agenda discussing "The Anti-Science Left", the intellectual honesty that Lynas displayed by updating his position after learning about the science of GMOs is commendable and incredibly rare.The Anti-Science Left The Agenda Lynas specifically credited discovering science as the reason for his ideological shift. In a later speechMark Lynas calls anti-GMO thinking conspiratorial, Lynas states "the controversy around GMOs represents one of the greatest science communications failures of the past half-century. Millions, possibly billions, of people have come to believe what is essentially a conspiracy theory, generating fear and misunderstanding about a whole class of technologies on an unprecedentedly global scale."
After the initial Oxford speech, accusations of being paid by agriculture technology companies to come out in favor of GMOs began surfacing on the internet from anti-GMO related sources. Lynas has specifically denied any such claims and so far the evidence has not been in favor of such an accusation being even remotely true.Why I Will Never Be an Ambassador for the Corporate Biotech Lobby Mark Lynas Blog
However, his softening on GMO and nuclear has meant softening his views on geo-engineering."Geo-engineering, nuclear power and climate change: playing God is good for the planet", The Telegraph
==References==
Category:Authors
Category:British people
Category:Journalists
Category:GMO
Category:Living people