Open Europe

right|thumb|140px|Open Europe's Office, 7 Tufton Street, WestminsterOpen Europe is a Eurosceptic think tank which is part of the Stockholm Network and has neoconservative connections. 
Its research output consists mainly of calls to dismantle the Common Agricultural Policy, roll back EU regulation of trade and financial services, and repatriate the EU welfare budget to member states.
==Introduction==
The European issue has been a defining fault-line for Conservatives for a generation. Although Open Europe is not especially well known, it is arguably a very significant organisation connected to Cameron’s advisers. The think-tank is unusual in that it is directly supported by individual business leaders, and claims to refuse money from 'EU institutions, governments or big corporations'.Open Europe, Make a Donation, accessed 6 August 2014 ‘Open Europe believes’, says their website, ‘that the EU must now embrace radical reform based on economic liberalisation’.Open Europe, About Us, accessed 25 February 2009What this appears to mean is integrating all EU countries further and faster into the global economy but with a distinct eurosceptic tinge. The Marquess of Salisbury sits on its board, and some notable supporters are: John Sainsbury (Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover, who donated to Cameron’s leadership campaign along with fellow donor Peter Gummer, Lord Chadlington), Andrew Allum, Henry Angest, Sir John Beckwith, Lord Blakenham, Roger Bootle, Lord Harris of Peckham, Sir John Coles, and Sir David Davis.
==Origins and History==
Open Europe grew out of a collection of broadly euro-sceptic campaign groups that appeared between 1998-2005. The first was Business for Sterling, which was launched by the Labour Cabinet minister (and ex-chairman of British Rail) Lord Marsh on 11 June 1998 as a campaign against British integration into the Euro.Colin Brown, ‘Business for Sterling to campaign against euro’, Independent, 11 June 1998. ‘Business for Sterling to campaign against euro’, “Independent”, 11 June 1998. It had the backing of senior anti-euro business chiefs (Sir Stanley Kalms, Sir Michael Edwardes, Lord Hanson, Sir Rocco Forte) and in September 2000 combined with another anti-euro campaign group New Europe to form the simply-titled “No” campaign.BBC News, 4 September 2000 The merger was announced by the launch of a multi-million-pound advertising offensive under the strap-line ‘Europe Yes. Euro No’, which was handled by M&C Saatchi.David Cracknell, Anti-euro groups combine to run No campaign, “Telegraph”, 3 September 2000. As this slogan suggests, neither New Europe nor Business for Sterling explicitly professed an anti-EU stance; both groups claimed to support the single market, but not integration into a single European currency.Robert Evans, “Talking about Money: Public Participation and Expert Knowledge in the Euro Referendum”, University of Cardiff School of Social Sciences Department, Working Paper 31 (November 2002), p. 17. In May 2003 - once the perceived threat of the single currency had disappeared - Lord Saatchi backed a new cross-party group, Vote 2004, which was set up to campaign for a referendum on whether to accept the forthcoming findings of the European Convention.Colin Brown & Francis Elliot, New campaign launched for referendum on EU ‘superstate’, “Telegraph”, 18 May 2003. Vote 2004 subsequently became Vote No,Steve Richards, 'A campaign with a winning message - and a complete lack of self-confidence', Independent, 19 May 2005 and was registered as a company Vote No Ltd in May 2004. 
This was the milieu of broadly euro-sceptic organisations out of which Open Europe emerged, and from which the think-tank drew its initial staff. In an op-ed in the Financial Times on 18 October 2005, Lord Rodney Leach (who had been chairman of Business for Sterling since its inception) announced that:
This week will see the launch of Open Europe, a UK think-tank that aims to set out a detailed programme of radical reform. It has commissioned leading economists to examine the potential benefits of removing the EU’s trade barriers and reforming the CAP. Their report shows that free trade is not just good for business: it is also a progressive policy.Rodney Leach, ‘European reformers must be bold’, “Financial Times”, October 18 2005.
Writing as the chairman of the soon to be launched Open Europe, Leach argued that there were two imperatives for EU reform: it needed to ‘embrace the painful economic reforms needed to succeed in the 21st century’, and to ‘abandon the historic drive to “ever closer union”’.Rodney Leach, ‘European reformers must be bold’ Two days later, the think-tank launched officially at Bloomberg’s European headquarters in Finsbury Square, London. Leach spoke as chairman of the board of directors, as did Derek Scott (who had been a special advisor to Tony Blair between 1997 and 2003) as deputy chairman.Open Europe Events, 2005 Neil O’Brien, who had up to that point been campaign director of Vote 2004, was appointed as Company Secretary.Open Europe Ltd Companies House Appointments, accessed 18 June 2009 Lorraine Mullally, who had also been a communications officer at Vote 2004, was appointed as head of research and communications.Lorraine Mullally, LinkedIn Paul Stephenson, a researcher at Vote 2004, was employed as a researcher, as was Tom Boal, who had previously worked for the “No” campaign.Tom Boal, Portland Communications; Paul Stephenson, LinkedIn 
Open Europe was incorporated as a UK company on 25 July 2005. Its website was registered on 11 July 2005. , accessed from Domain Tools at 9:35 on 18 June 2009 It is hosted under the same IP address (212.113.23.102) which hosts the websites of Nick Herbert MP (CEO of Business for Sterling between 1998 and 2000, founder of the "No" Campaign, and former Director of ReformTom Baldwin, ‘Davis team plan fuels fears over factions’, The Times, 27 October 2001), Theos, and Policy Exchange.Reverse IP Search, 10:22, 18 June 2009
As of June 2016, Open Europe's Experts were as follows: 
*Raoul Ruparel - Co-director 
*Stephen Booth - Co-director
*Nina Schick - Communications director
*Pawel Swidlicki - Policy analyst
*Pieter Cleppe - Head of brussels office
*Timm Luebben - Head of digital 
*Vincenzo Scarpetta - Policy analyst Open Europe Board, June 2016, OpenEurope, accessed 15 June 2016
As of June 2016, the board of Open Europe was comprised of the following peopleOpen Europe Board, June 2016, OpenEurope, accessed 15 June 2016:
Alex Hickman - Co-founder and chief executive, Chartwell Speakers 
Baroness Joanna Shields - Former chair, Tech City UK; Non-exec director, London Stock Exchange
Bjorn Froling - Vice chairman, Ohling 
Charlotte Black - Director of corporate affairs, Brewin Dolphin Securities 
David Frost - Scotch Whiskey Association 
David Ord - Managing Director, the Bristol Port Company
David Reid Scott - Senior adviser, Stonehage Advisory Family Office 
Dr Gerard Lyons - Chief economic advisor to the Mayor of London 
Elizabeth Gage - Jewellery designer
George Trefgarne - Chief executive, Boscobel & Partners 
Haruko Fukuda - Non-executive director, Investec 
Hugh Sloane - Founder, Sloane Robinson 
Johanna Mohring - Senior fellow, The Institute for Statecraft 
John Barton - Non-executive chairman, Easyjet 
Justin Dowley - Chairman, Intermediate Capital Group 
Lord Rodney Leach of Fairford - Director, Jardine Matheson Holdings 
Lord Robin Renwick of Clifton - Vice chairman, Investment banking, JP Morgan Europe 
Lord Robert Gascoyne-Cecil of Salisbury - Director, Gascoyne Holdings 
Lord Simon Wolfson of Apsley Guise - CEO, Next plc 
Maria Borelius - Partner, Living Waters 
Mats Arnhog - Chairman of the board of directors, Active Biotech 
Michael Moritz - Managing partner, CatCap 
Nigel Smith - Former chairman, The 'No' Euro Campaign 
Oliver Pawle - Chairman board services UK, Korn Ferry 
Professor Dr. Michael Wohlegemuth - Director, OpenEurope Berlin 
Rupert Hambro - Chairman, JO Hambro; Non-executive partner, Robinson Hambro Limited 
Sir Martin Jacomb - Advisory board chairman, First Avenue Partners 
Rocco Forte - Chairman and chief executive, Rocco Forte Hotels 
Sir Simon Robertson - Deputy chairman, HSBC Holdings 
Tim Martin - Founder and chairman, JD Wetherspoons
==Research==
Open Europe’s research coalesces around eight main areas. Within each area, multiple reports have been published since 2005, many of which advance the same arguments.
===The Common Agricultural Policy and EU Trade===
Between 2005 and 2012, Open Europe published five reports in the area. Two of these focus on the CAP. The first (in 2005) argued for the elimination of the CAP, along with EU trade tarriffs.‘Open Up: why the EU must reform to survive’, Open Europe, October 2005. The second (in 2012) argued that the UK is a huge loser from the CAP, and that although full ‘liberalisation’ of the policy would be theoretically viable, it would not gain enough political support to be practicable.http://www.openeurope.org.uk/Content/Documents/CAP_2012_new.pdf ‘More for Less: making the EU’s farm policy work for growth and the environment’], Open Europe, February 2012. The report therefore proposed a streamlined version of the CAP. 
Two reports published in 2007 argued respectively that the EU was blocking the achievement of a multi-lateral trade deal at WTO talks in Doha, and that the EU should stop threatening African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries with higher trade tariffs if they do not sign up to ‘Economic Partnership Agreements’ (which make provision for the removal of trade tariffs in developing countries).‘Five ways to make Trade work for Development’, Open Europe, May 2007; ‘Economic Partnership Agreements: what’s the best way forward?’, Open Europe, October 2007. In 2012, Open Europe affirmed that staying within the EU was the best option for UK trade, as the various options that involved the UK leaving remained unviable.‘Trading places: Is EU membership still the best option for UK trade?’, Open Europe, June 2012.
===Regulation===
Between 2005 and 2013, Open Europe has claimed regularly that EU regulatory legislation that impinges on the UK is incredibly costly to its economy. A report in 2005 argued that EU regulation passed since 1998 cost British Businesses £30bn, and called for an audit of the economic impact of all existing EU legislation on the UK.‘Less Regulation: 4 ways to cut the burden of EU red tape’, Open Europe, November 2005, p. 1. In 2009, a report argued that EU regulation will have cost the UK economy £356bn by 2018.‘Out of control? Measuring a decade of EU regulation’, Open Europe, February 2009, p. 1.In 2010, a similar report claimed that ‘Since 1998, regulation introduced in the UK has cost the economy £176 billion. Of this, £124 billion, or 71 percent, had its origin in the EU.’‘Still out of control? Measuring eleven years of EU regulation’, Open Europe, March 2010, p. 1. A briefing note in 2013 stated that the ‘Top 100 EU regulations’ cost the UK economy £24bn per year, and that 95% of the benefits of EU regulation estimated by UK government impact assessments have failed to materialise.‘Top 100 EU regulations cost UK economy £27.4bn a year’, Open Europe, October 2013, p. 1.
===Welfare===
Between 2006 and 2012, seven reports have been published on the efficacy with which EU welfare and aid budgets are spent. Reports in 2007 and 2011 argued that EU external aid is handled ineffectively, funneling too much money into high-GDP countries rather than into those that need it most. Because of this, they argued, the EU aid budget should be dismantled, and returned to the national aid budgets of member states.‘EU Aid: is it effective?’, Open Europe, May 2007; ‘EU external aid: who is it for?’, Open Europe, April 2011.
The remaining five reports were dedicated to persistently arguing that EU regional policy is, and always has been, a failure. Reports in 2007 and 2012 focused on what Open Europe see as the poor use of EU structural cohesion funds (which could be described as intra-EU aid). Like external aid, they argued, control over these funds should be repatriated to member states.‘EU Regional Policy failing’, Open Europe, December 2007; ‘Off target: The case for bringing regional policy back home’, Open Europe, January 2012. Further reports in 2011 argued that the UK should repatriate social policy currently decided in Brussels, such as employment regulations like the Working Time Directive and Agency Workers Directive.‘The case for European localism’, Open Europe, September 2011; ‘Repatriating EU Social policy: The best choice for jobs and growth?’, Open Europe, November 2011. In 2012, Open Europe argued straightforwardly for slashes to the EU budget that, if implemented, would reduce the UK’s contribution by €5.7bn.‘Seizing the moment: aligning the EU budget with Europe’s economic needs’, Open Europe, June 2012.
===Carbon Emissions===
Two reports (in 2006 and 2007) indicted the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS), arguing in favour of a UK-only scheme for greenhouse gas reduction. A pan-European solution, they argued, would not be viable.‘The high price of hot air: why the EU emissions trading scheme is an environmental and economic failure’, Open Europe, July 2006; ‘Europe’s Dirty Secret: Why the EU Emissions Trading Scheme isn’t working’, Open Europe, August 2007.
Two 2008 reports took aim respectively at the EU’s target of a 10% use of biofuels (as a portion of total fuel consumption) by 2020, and the EU Climate Action and Renewable Energy Package (CAREP). Both schemes, the reports argued, are a hugely expensive way to solve the problem of carbon emissions.‘What works? How to reduce emissions at the lowest cost’, Open Europe, January 2008; ‘The EU Climate Action and Renewable Energy Package - Are we about to get locked into the wrong policy?’, Open Europe, October 2008.
===Crime and Policing===
Between 2006 and 2006, six reports have argued against the cession of authority over justice and home affairs from the UK to the EU. Three reports (one in 2006, and two in 2012) argued that the European Court of Justice should not accrue any more authority than it already has, and that the UK should repatriate control over certain EU crime and policing laws.‘A bridge too far? Giving up the veto on crime, justice, and policing’, Open Europe, September 2006; ‘An unavoidable choice: More or less EU control over UK policing and criminal law’, Open Europe, January 2012; ‘Cooperation not control: The case for Britain retaining democratic control over EU crime and policing policy’, Open Europe, October 2012. A 2010 report also argued that the UK government’s proposed ‘referendum lock’ - a piece of legislation that would prevent cession of particular powers to the EU without a referendum - does not go far enough, and should cover criminal justice, immigration, and policing laws.‘The Government’s EU referendum lock: Plugging the justice and home affairs leak’, Open Europe, December 2010. A report in 2009 warned that if the Lisbon Treaty were to be ratified by EU member states, the way would be paved for the creation of an EU surveillance state.‘How the EU is watching you: the rise of Europe’s Surveillance State’, Open Europe, October 2009. In 2012, Open Europe argued in favour UK’s current approach to national/EU immigration policy, through which it can opt into EU laws which are in its national interest. This approach could be bolstered, however, by creating a ‘reversible opt-in’, so that opt-in decisions made by government x do not bind government y.‘Tread Carefully: The impact and management of EU free movement and immigration policy’, Open Europe, March 2012.
===Financial Services Regulation===
Since 2006, Open Europe has consistently and sharply criticised proposed or existing EU regulation of the financial services industry. 
In 2006, a report indicated the EU’s Financial Services Action Plan, which (it was claimed) would be detrimental to the international competitiveness of the City of London, and induce the flight of hedge funds and private equity groups elsewhere.‘Selling the City Short? A Review of the EU’s Financial Services Action Plan’, Open Europe, December 2006. This familiar argument was deployed again in a 2011 report, this time in service of a denunciation of proposals for an EU VAT or an EU Financial Transactions Tax.‘Why EU taxes will not work’, Open Europe, August 2011. A 2009 report also criticised an EU proposal to issue a directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers. Consisting of a survey of two associations (the Alternative Investment Management Association (AIMA) and the British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association (BVCA)), the report found that they did not welcome the potential directive; it would, the associations said, prevent alternatives funds from being marketed to EU investors at all, and hamper investor choice.‘The EU’s AIFM Directive: Likely impact and best way forward’, Open Europe, September 2009.
In 2010 and 2011, Open Europe also argued that the UK’s capacity to block regulatory legislation should be proportionate to the size of its financial services industry (relative to others within the EU).‘Shifting Powers: What the EU’s financial supervisors will mean for the UK and the City of London’, Open Europe, September 2010; ‘Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe’, Open Europe, December 2011. The 2011 report claimed that the UK accounts for ‘36% of the EU's wholesale finance industry and a 61% share of the EU's net exports of international transactions in financial services’, but that under new rules coming into force in 2014, it would ‘only possess 12% of the votes in the Council of Ministers and 10% of the votes in the European Parliament.’‘Continental Shift’, p. 3. As a result, the report argued for national sovereignty over banking regulation.
===The EU Constitution===
In 2007 and 2008, Open Europe published two reports on the 2007 Constitutional Treaty, criticising the Labour decision in April 2007 to hold no referendum on its ratification. This made no sense, the reports claimed, as the Lisbon Treaty and the 2007 Treaty were basically identical.‘The new treaty: what will it mean, and do we need a referendum?’, Open Europe, May 2007; ‘A guide to the constitutional treaty’, Open Europe, February 2008. A 2008 collection of essays also criticised the EU’s dissemination of information about how it works to the European public, dismissing its PR initiatives as costly ‘propaganda exercises’.The hard sell: EU communication policy and the campaign for hearts and minds’, Open Europe, December 2008, p. 5.
Further reports in 2012 and 2014 argued respectively for more parliamentary scrutiny of EU legislation, and for limiting the powers of the European Parliament - a body held to represent a ‘failed experiment in pan-European democracy’.‘Upgrading UK influence in the European Union: a strategy to improve upstream scrutiny of EU legislation’, Open Europe, December 2012; ‘The European Parliament: a failed experiment in pan-European democracy?’, Open Europe, May 2014.
===The Eurozone Crisis===
Since 2010, Open Europe has published reports consistently arguing against EU bail-outs for struggling debtor states. A 2010 report argued that EU leaders should either let Greece default on their repayments, or go to the IMF for a bail-out.‘A Greek Bailout: is it legally possible and what will it cost EU taxpayers?’, Open Europe, February 2010. Similarly, in the case of Ireland, another report from the same year argued that there is a ‘big risk that [EU bail-out] loans won’t solve anything at all’.‘What will the Irish bailout solve?’, Open Europe, November 2010. In a further 2010 report, Open Europe argued that the eurozone had become a de facto debt union, with member states taking on each other’s liabilities. The EU should not, the report argued, turn a de facto debt union into a debt union by law. Attracting even deeper criticism was the creation of the ‘European Stability Mechanism’, which the report argued should be rejected on the grounds that it leaves the UK liable for €8bn of loans, should any beneficiary default.‘The Rise of the EU’s economic government’, Open Europe, June 2010. A trio of 2011 reports argued variously that: the best solution to the Portuguese sovereign debt crisis would be a small bail-out combined with large-scale restructuring; that the ECB is over-leveraged and over-exposed to potentially toxic debt; and that the position of Greece within the Eurozone needs to be re-evaluated as further bail-outs are too expensive to be viable.‘Stopping the rot? The cost of a Portuguese bail-out and why it is better to restructure’, Open Europe, March 2011; A House built on sand? The ECB and the hidden cost of saving the Euro’, Open Europe, June 2011; ‘Abandon Ship? Time to stop bailing out Greece?’, Open Europe, June 2011.
==The Fresh Start Project and the All-Party Parliamentary Group for European Reform==
Open Europe is connected to parliament via both the Fresh Start Project, a parliamentary grouping of Conservative MPs concerned by EU issues, and the All-Party Parliamentary Group for European Reform. 
The Fresh Start Project was co-founded in October 2011 by George Eustice MP, ex-CEO of Business for Sterling, and Andrea Leadsom MP, who on April 14 2014 was appointed Economic Secretary to the Treasury after serving on the Treasury Select Committee for four years.Andrea Leadsom; George Eustice, We must make progress on the EU sooner rather than later, Fresh Start Blog, 31 October 2011. According to the minutes of their meetings, the group bases their discussions on Open Europe reports.See the minutes of their inaugural meeting, Fresh Start Project, 14 November 2011.
The APPG for European Reform was founded at a similar time to the Fresh Start Project, holding its inaugural meeting on 10 November 2011.APPG on European Reform, 10 November 2011; UK Parliament registration information for APPG on European Reform. At this meeting, Leadsom was elected co-chair of the group, and Eustice an Officer. Open Europe was instituted as secretariat to the group, giving them very close proximity to MPs. 
Leadsom’s connections to Open Europe predate her involvement in the founding of the APPG and the Fresh Start Project. Before being elected Conservative MP for South Northamptonshire in 2010, Leadsom was Managing Director of De Putron Fund Management between 1997 and 1999, and a Senior Investment Officer at Invesco Perpetual between 1999-2009. ‘LEADSOM, Andrea Jacqueline’, Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn., Oxford University Press 2013, accessed 9 July 2014. Using data gathered by the Washington-based organisation the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, a July 2014 report by The Guardian found that Peter de Putron - brother-in-law of Andrea Leadsom and founder of De Putron Fund Management - had donated £816,000 to the Conservative Party since 2010, and £680,000 to Open Europe since its foundation in 2005.David Leigh, James Ball and Leila Haddou, Top Tory has family link with offshore banker who gave party £800,000, The Guardian, 8 July 2014, acc 16 July 2014 The donations to both the Conservatives and to Open Europe were channelled through the company Gloucester Research (now called G-Research), at which Andrea’s husband, Ben Leadsom, is a director.
===Influential Reports===
The following reports formed the basis of discussion for meetings of either the Fresh Start Project, the APPG for European Reform, or both:
*‘What works? How to reduce emissions at the lowest cost’ (22 January 2008). What works? How to reduce emissions at the lowest cost, Open Europe, January 2008.
The report argues against EU’s 2020 target of a 10% use of biofuels across the EU, as they are (according to OE) the most expensive way to cut carbon emissions. Accordingly, the EU should scrap the target, as well as subsidies for biofuels.
Stephen Booth, Research Director at Open Europe, gave a talk on this subject to the APPG for European Reform on 12 June 2012.Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform, 12 June 2012.
*‘Repatriating EU Social policy: The best choice for jobs and growth?’ (9 November 2011).Repatriating EU Social policy: The best choice for jobs and growth?, Open Europe, November 2011.
The report argues that the UK should repatriate social policy currently decided in Brussels. Social policy, in this instance, involves employment regulations: the Working Time Directive (WTD), the Agency Workers Directive (AWD), as well as workplace directives on things like asbestos, levels of exposure to noise at work. Open Europe argue that these things should be brought back under national control.
A summary of the report made by Andrea Leadsom began a meeting of the Fresh Start Project on 14 November 2011.Meeting Minutes of the Fresh Start Project, 14 November 2011. Mats Persson, the current director of Open Europe, also presented the report to a meeting of the APPG on 10 November 2011. He began by stating that ‘EU social law is costing the UK £8.6bn a year’.Meeting Minutes of the APPG on European Reform, 10 November 2011.
*‘Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe’ (5 December 2011).Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe, Open Europe, 5 December 2011.
This report argues for national sovereignty over banking regulation, and points to the potential for banks to flee London should any Financial Transactions Tax be imposed in the EU or the Eurozone. It also argues that the UK’s influence over financial regulation should be weighted to reflect its large share of the EU’s total finance industry. As the title suggests, it seeks to ‘keep the city open for business’. ‘Continental Shift’, p. 4.
Mats Persson presented this report to a meeting of the APPG on 5 December 2011.Meeting Minutes of the APPG on European Reform, 5 December 2011.
*‘Off target: The case for bringing regional policy back home’ (24 January 2012). Off target: The case for bringing regional policy back home, Open Europe, 24 January 2012.
One of many Open Europe reports about the EU’s structural and cohesion (welfare) funds, arguing that they continue to be poorly targeted and that funds should be repatriated to member states. Doing so, the report argues, would save on administration costs, and increase the amount of subsidy available for regional development in the UK.
This report formed the basis of discussion in a meeting of the Fresh Start Project on 25 January 2012.Meeting Minutes of the Fresh Start Group, 25 January 2012. Mats Persson also presented the report to the APPG on 24 January 2012.Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform, 24 January 2012.
*‘An unavoidable choice: More or less EU control over UK policing and criminal law’ (29 January 2012).An unavoidable choice: More or less EU control over UK policing and criminal law, Open Europe, 29 January 2012.
A report on whether the UK should repatriate 130 EU crime and policing laws, or transfer full control over these laws to EU judges for the first time. The report argues that the UK should repatriate them.
George Eustice MP briefed a meeting of the Fresh Start Project on this report, on 1 June 2012.Meeting Minutes of the Fresh Start Project, 1 June 2012. Stephen Booth also presented the report to the APPG on 31 January 2012.Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform, 31 January 2012.
*‘More for Less: making the EU’s farm policy work for growth and the environment’ (27 February 2012).More for Less: making the EU’s farm policy work for growth and the environment, Open Europe, 27 February 2012.
Argues that the UK government should use on-going negotiations over the EU’s long-term budget to reform the Common Agricultural Policy. The UK, the report argues, is a big loser from the CAP. Whilst full ‘liberalisation’ of the CAP would be viable, it would not gain enough political support. ‘More for Less’, p. 3. The report proposes, therefore, a streamlined version of the CAP. 
This report formed the basis of discussion at a Fresh Start Project meeting on 29 February 2012.Meeting Minutes of the Fresh Start Project, 29 February 2012. Mats Persson also presented the report to a meeting of the APPG on 28 February 2012.Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform, 28 February 2012.
*‘Tread Carefully: The impact and management of EU free movement and immigration policy’ (12 March 2012).Tread Carefully: The impact and management of EU free movement and immigration policy, Open Europe, 12 March 2012.
Argues in favour of the UK’s current approach to national/EU immigration policy, through which it can opt into EU laws which are in its national interest. The report argues that this approach could be improved by creating a ‘reversible opt-in’, so that opt-in decisions made by one government do not bind the next. It also argues that the UK should work with the European Commission and other member states to come up with the means to resist EU-imposed strains on public finances.
Stephen Booth presented the report to the APPG on 31 March 2012.Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform, 31 March 2012.
*‘Trading places: Is EU membership still the best option for UK trade?’ (12 June 2012).Trading places: Is EU membership still the best option for UK trade?, Open Europe, 12 June 2012.
Argues that in terms of UK trade, all the options that involve leaving the EU are unviable: remaining as part of the EU is still the best scenario for the UK economy. The report warns that if either: EU ‘liberalisation’ stalls; the EU moves to protectionism in the wake of the Eurozone crisis; or the EU prevents the UK from seizing growth opportunities in non-EU countries, then membership needs to be re-evaluated.
Christopher Howarth, senior analyst at Open Europe, presented this report to a meeting of the APPG on 22 May 2012 (ahead of its publication in June).Meeting Minutes of the APPG for European Reform
==Examples of influence==
===Daily Press Summary===
On 1 February 2006, Open Europe launched their Daily Press Summary. It is available either on their website, or as a daily email.Open Europe, Daily Press Summary, accessed August 2014. It professes to be a neutral round-up of articles on ‘EU issues and the eurozone crisis’ from around Europe, but appears to be slanted towards news that supports their case for a de-regulated and politically anaesthetised EU. It also includes occasional editorial ‘comments’ on various articles.
The Economist columnist David Rennie has argued that it is difficult to underestimate the influence of the daily summary, suggesting that ‘well over half the stories in the British daily press on the EU are directly inspired by Open Europe press releases and tip-offs’.David Rennie, ‘Open Europe: the Eurosceptic group that controls British coverage of the EU’, The Economist, 31 March 2010.
===Open Europe Blog===
On October 17 2006, the Open Europe blog was inaugurated.Open Europe, Blog, accessed August 2014. Somewhere between 200-500 entries were posted annually between 2007 and 2014.
===Press coverage===
On 5 December 2011, Open Europe published a briefing, Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe,Open Europe press release, "UK Government should use EU Treaty negotiations to secure “emergency brake” on financial laws", 5 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011; PDF of report which Ed Conway, economics editor of Sky News, said "seems to have influenced and informed the Prime Minister's position negotiating in Brussels".Ed Conway, What the PM Really Asked For In Brussels, Sky News, 9 December 2011 The Open Europe Blog suggested UK Prime Minister David Cameron "Insert a political declaration in the summit conclusions tomorrow that calls for concrete measures to protect non-euro member states' economic interests; 2) Work out concrete protocol language amounting to the UK safeguard over EU financial services".http://openeuropeblog.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-could-cameron-hope-for.html The first had already been detailed in a "secret Foreign Office diplomatic note";Bruno Waterfield, Debt crisis: as it happened December 8, 2011, Daily Telegraph, 8 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011 the second, not published as of 14 December 2011, corresponds to the "specific protocol on financial services" mentioned by EU President Barroso that resulted in the remaining 26 countries of the EU "moving ahead [on a fiscal compact] without UK’s participation". Prior to this outcome, some commentators had suggested Cameron might succeed, and satisfy Conservative MPs: "the sceptical think tank Open Europe has argued for a protocol for the single market where Britain's influence over financial services laws could be safeguarded, particularly against decisions taken by the eurozone that will impact on all 27 EU countries. As a text contained within a formal protocol, this would have some legal basis."James Landale, PM's EU task: Saving the euro and saving his party, BBC News, 7 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011
==Stockholm Network==
Open Europe, like both Politeia and the Policy Exchange, is a member of the Stockholm Network of free market think tanks whose membership also includes the stalwarts of the free market right from the early stages of the neo-liberal revolution such as the Institute of Economic Affairs, the Adam Smith Institute, the Centre for Policy Studies and the Social Affairs Unit (of a total of 19 UK member organisations).See the list of UK members at http://www.stockholm-network.org/network/details.php?id=1, accessed 2 April 2007.
The Stockholm Network is the ‘main liaison channel’ for free market European think tanks. It was founded in September 1997 and claims to bring together over 120 think tanks from across Europe.http://www.stockholm-network.orgThe member groups are primarily ‘dogmatic free-marketeers who want to introduce minimalist "flat taxes" (thus ending redistribution via taxation), terminate social protection systems and privatise healthcare. They attack socially or environmentally progressive legislation, which is in place or under discussion, and that places restrictions on market activity. For example, these think tanks consistently cast doubt on the seriousness of climate change, oppose environmental regulations and promote free-market pseudo-solutions to virtually every problem.'Corporate Europe Observatory, "Covert industry funding fuels the expansion of radical rightwing EU think tanks", July 2005. http://www.corporateeurope.org/stockholmnetwork.html
The Stockholm Network links also to the network of right wing think tanks in the US. It has close links with the Heritage Foundation, which ‘frequently’ sends staff to Europe and has ‘worked closely with five like-minded European think tanks to produce and launch a European edition of their Index of Economic Freedom, which ranks countries according to criteria like tax reduction and deregulation policies.’Corporate Europe Observatory, 2005.
==Neo-conservative connections==
===Funding===
===2006-2007===
The 2006 accounts of the right-wing American Smith Richardson Foundation describe a $176,000 grant given to Open Europe's then Director Neil O'Brien to research and write a book on the EU for the Policy Forum on International Security Affairs. The project was titled Reforming the E.U. for the 21st Century: Roadmaps for Reform and described as follows:
Neil O’Brien will research and write a book exploring the future of the European Union. He will commission public opinion research, conduct interviews with leading European officials, and convene a series of meetings in order to develop a roadmap for reform of the European Union.Annual Report 2006, Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc. Accessed 27 December 2008.
As of July 2009 the book does not so far appear to have been published, although Open Europe did arrange a seminar called 'Reforming the EU for the 21st century' on 14 May 2009 at the Europaforum in Hässleholm. The speakers at the seminar were Mats Persson and Lorraine Mullally from Open Europe and Bruno Waterfield the EU correspondent for the Daily Telegraph. Europaforum, Hässleholm, Torsdag 14 maj/Thursday, accessed 19 June 2009
The 2007 accounts of the Policy Forum on International Security Affairs reveal that the forum provided a grant of $78,080 to Open Europe that year. Policy Forum on International Security Affairs 2007 IRS Form 990, p.3 The accounts provide no further details of the purpose of the grant.
The obscure conservative foundation the Institute for Policy Research has also funded Open Europe repeatedly. Full details from Charity Commission filings are in the table below.
Funding agencyData compiled from filings at the Charity Commission.
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total 2005-2013
 
Institute for Policy Research
70,000
95,346
127,000
181,500
105,000
143,000
113,000
300,000
201,000
1,335,846
The Sir John Ritblat Family Foundation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
?
1,000
===2014===
In 2014 offshore financier Peter de Putron and brother-in-law of UK financial services minister Andrea Leadsom was revealed as a major donor to both the Conservative Party and Open Europe. Records obtained from a US nonprofit news organisation, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists showed he had given a total of £680,000 to Open Europe. 
===Events===
Open Europe tend not to focus on the relationship of the EU to the rest of the world - the USA, the Middle East - as part of their published research output. However, they have held events on the issue.
On 22 May 2007 Open Europe co-hosted an event at the House of Commons with the International Media Intelligence Analysis called 'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next?'. The event included presentations by Claude Moniquet, the Director of the European Strategic and Intelligence Center and Mark Fitzpatrick of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Non-proliferation at the State Department. 
Fitzpatrick said that Iran was looking to develop longer-range missiles capable of reaching western Europe and that Israel “has real reason to see an Iranian nuclear capability as an existential threat”. Moniquet said that there was a danger of terrorist attacks in Europe if military action is taken against Iran, saying that “Iran was a terrorist state for 23 years. We have no proof this has changed. Iran is working hard to organise terror in Europe,” targeting the UK in particular. 'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next? - 22 May 2007', Open Europe Events, accessed 19 June 2009
On 9 October 2007 Open Europe hosted a debate on the Galileo European Satellite System. One speaker at the debate was Peter Brookes of the Heritage Foundation. According to Open Europe's account of the speech Brookes said that some in the US are alarmed about the military aspects of the Galileo and saw the push for the system as symptomatic of some in Europe that are pushing Europe to pursue its own security and defence identity, separate from the US and NATO. He said: “It could be argued that the militarisation of the EU – Galileo being part of that – marks one of the greatest geo-political shifts in the transatlantic alliance since the second world war. In the eyes of some, the ESDP [European Security and Defense Policy] embodies some of the worst elements of European animosity towards the United States.” 'Galileo - is it worth it? 9 October, 2007', Open Europe Events, accessed 19 June 2009
It would be misleading, however, to diagnose a neo-conservative slant to Open Europe's stance on EU foreign policy (if they can be said to assume a stance at all). On 15 November 2006, Open Europe hosted a seminar by Dr John Hulsman, in which he argued (according to the account given by Open Europe) that the USA should reject neoconservative foreign policy. The 2003 Iraq war, he argued, and failed in its objective of creating a stable democratic country.John Hulsman, 'Ethical Realism', Open Europe Events, 15 November 2006.
==People==
Board
Meg Allen †1, DRAMLA SA
John Barton †1, Wellington Underwriting plc
Michael Freeman †11, Argent Group plc
Rupert Hambro †1, J O Hambro Ltd
John Jennings †3, Shell Transport & Trading plc
Lord Leach of Fairford †1 and †12, Matheson & Co
Lizzie Noel †12 of Communications, Tribal Group plc
David Ord †13, The Bristol Port Company
Lord Renwick of Clifton †2, Investment Banking, J P Morgan (Europe)
Lord Salisbury †12, Gascoyne Holdings Ltd
Derek Scott †10 Economics Advisor to the Prime Minister, 1997-2003
Nigel Smith †3, the no (euro) campaign
Michael Spencer †4, ICAP plc
Stuart Wheeler †11, IG Group plc
Brian Williamson Senior Advisor, Fleming Family & Partners
Simon Wolfson †4, Next plc
  
Supporters
Antony Acland former Head of the Diplomatic Service
David Agnew †1 & †13, Isaac Agnew (Holdings) Ltd
Rudolph Agnew †1, WCMC 2000
Mohammed Ali †18 and †11, Ambala Foods
Andrew Allum Partner, LEK Consulting
Henry Angest †1 & †4, Arbuthnot Banking Group Plc
Michael Angus †12, Halcrow
Martyn Arbib †11 and †3, Perpetual Plc
Stuart Archbold OBE †1, Archbold Logistics Ltd
Lord Ashburton †3, British Petroleum Plc
Edward Atkin †13, CA Holdings Plc
Paul Auston †1, Checkmate Avon Group
David Bailey †1, Datacash Group Plc
Andrew Bainbridge †12 General, MEUC Ltd
Hew Balfour †4, Havelock Europa plc
Anthony Bamford †1 and †13, JCB
Lawrence Banks former †10, Robert Fleming Holdings Ltd
Nicholas Barber CBE †1, Bolero International Ltd
Anthony Barbour †13, Bolesworth Estate Co Ltd
Patrick Barbour †12, Microgen plc
David Barker †11 and †1, Copley Square (2003) Ltd
Peter Barton †10, Alliance & Leicester plc
Neville Baxter †1, The R H Group
Ian Baxter †13, The RH Group Ltd
Philip Beck †3, Railtrack
John Beckwith †1, Pacific Investments Plc
Martin Bell †13, Castle View International Holdings
Steven Bell †2, Newman Scott Shopfitting
Susan Bell Proctor †13, Warehouse Systems Ltd
Rupert Bentley †12, Bentley Reid Group
Simon Bentley †10, Mishcon de Reya
Marcus Beresford †1, Rocardo Plc
David Bernstein †1, Blacks Leisure Group Plc
Nicholas Berry †1, Stancroft Trust
Richard Biffa †10, Shanks Group
John Biggin †13, Keltruck Ltd
Lynn Billings Finance †12, Finglow Ltd
Brian Bird †1, The Bird Group of Companies
Charlotte Black Marketing †12, Brewin Dolphin Secruities Ltd
Toby Blackwell †6, Blackwell UK Ltd
Lord Blakenham †3, Pearson Plc
Philip Bland †12, Oval Insurance Ltd
Robert Boas †1, Federation of British Artists
Richard Boggis-Rolfe †4, [[Odgers, Ray & Berndston Ltd
Michael Bond †9, Corfe Castle Holidays
Roger Bootle †13, Capital Economics
John Brackenbury †1, Brackenbury Leisure Ltd
Leslie Breathwick †1, Cannoncourt Ltd
Iain Breese †1, Westler Foods Ltd
Michael Brent †1 and †13, Trimite Ltd
David Briggs †13, Dawsons Music Ltd
David Briggs †13, Offshoot Enterprises Ltd
Simon Brocklebank-Fowler †13, Cubutt Consulting
Roger Brooke †1, Innisfree plc
Keith Brooks †4, TBI Plc
Alan Brown Head of Investment, Schroders
Philip Brown †11 and †3, PJB Publications
Peter Buckley †1, Caledonia Investments Plc
Alan Burden †13, Anglo St James Ltd
Richard Burrows †1, Tex Holdings
Paul Burton †1, The Burton Agency Ltd
Robert Burton †13, Flightform UK Ltd
Joel Cadbury †4, Longshot plc
Charles Cameron †4, InTechnology Plc
Keith Cann-Evans †13, Hunter Grinders Ltd
Mark Cannon-Brookes †12, Smith and Williamson Investment Management
Raymond Carr Historian
Ken Carter †1, Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group
Alun Cathcart †1, Avis Europe
John Caudwell †1 and †4, The Caudwell Group
Lord Charles Cecil †12, Helix Associates Limited
Lord Chadlington †4, Huntsworth Plc
Gilbert Chalk †1, [[The Baring English Growth Fund, Baring Private Equity Partners Ltd
David Chambers †1, Lindum Group Ltd
Clifford Champion †1 and †6, A W Champion Ltd
Kit Chapman †14, The Castle at Taunton
Keith Chapman †1, Findel Plc
Mike Clare †1 and †4, Dreams Plc
John Clare CBE †4, Dixons Group Plc
Robin Clark †1, Taylor Clark Plc
Christopher Clarke †12, Cridmore Farm Co Ltd
Duncan Clegg †1, Low and Bonar Plc
Algy Cluff †1, Cluff Gold Ltd
John Clugston †1, Clugston Group Ltd
Timothy Cockroft †12, KBC Peel Hunt Ltd
Kay Coleman OBE †12 and former †4, Harvey's and Co Ltd
Sir John Coles Head of the Diplomatic Service, 1994-97
David Collett †2, Congregational & General Insurance Plc
Richard Collins †1, F L Estates
Roderick Collins †11 and †12, Firecrest Ltd
Tim Congdon †15, Institute of Economic Affairs
Andrew Cook †1, William Cook Ltd
Laurence Copeland Professor of Financial Economics, Cardiff Business School
Mike Cornish †12 and †3, Linpac Group Ltd
John Cotton †1, John Cotton Group Ltd
Neil Cotton †12, Madison Drinks Co Ltd
Tom Cowie †1, North European Marine Services Ltd
John Craig †12, New Star Investment Trust plc
John Craven †1, Fleming Family and Partners
Terry Cross †1, Delta Print & Packaging Ltd
Stephen Curran †1, Candover Investments
Mark Darell-Brown †12, RAB Capital
Lord Daresbury †1, De Vere Group plc
Jim Darling †1, Codemasters Group Ltd
Duncan Davidson †1 and †11, Persimmon Plc
Crispin Davis †4, Reed Elsevier Group
James Davis CBE K(DK) †1, International Maritime Industries Forum
Michel de Carvalho Vice-†1, Citigroup plc
Guy Dellal Property Investor
Felix Dennis †1, Dennis Group
Charles Dent †13, Timothy Taylor & Co Ltd
Lord Derwent †10, Hutchison Whampoa (Europe) Ltd
Rupert Dilnott-Cooper former †4, Carlton Communications plc
Maurice Dixson Executive †1, Cranfield Aerospace Ltd
Michael Dobbs Author]]
Michael Dobson †4, Schroders Plc
Judith Donovan CBE †1, DIY Direct Marketing Ltd
Lloyd Dorfman CEO and †1, Travelex Group
Justin Dowley †8, Tricorn Partners
Roger Earl Consultant to the Heath Lambert Group Plc
Stuart Earley former †13, Deep-Sea Lesiure Plc
Robert Edmiston †1 and †4, IM Group Ltd
Michael Edwardes †1, Tryhorn Investments Ltd
John Egan †1, Severn Trent Plc
Johan Eliasch †1, Head Group
Alan Elliot †3, Blick Plc
Ben Elliot †16, Quintessentially
Paul Evans Joint †1, Rentacrate UK Ltd
Alan Evans †10, Hall and Watts (Optronics) Ltd
Patrick Evershed †12, New Star Asset Management Ltd
John Fairbairn former †10, M&G Group Plc
Francois Feuillat Partner, Vinson & Elkins RLLP
Malcolm Field †1, Aricom Plc
Richard Fildes †1, Barlows plc
Roddy Fleming †12, Fleming Family and Partners
Jean-Paul Floru Councillor, City of Westminster
Peter Foden †3, ERF Ltd
Professor James Foreman-Peck †12, [[Welsh Institute for Research in Economics & Development, Cardiff Business School
Rocco Forte †1 and †4, Rocco Forte Hotels
Graeme Foux †11 and CEO of Woyano]]
Oliver Fox-Pitt †12, Fox-Pitt Kelton Ltd
William Frame †13 and †11, Braemore Estates Ltd
Nicholas Frankopan Zagrebacki Neboder d.o.o]]
Peter Frankopan Senior Research †15, [[Worcester College, Oxford
David Franks †1, Broken Foot Inns Ltd
Chris Fraser †13, Hotel Connect Ltd
Ken Fraser †1, Norwell Engineering
Clara Freeman former Executive †12, Marks & Spencer Plc
John Frieda †11, John Frieda plc
Jonathan Fry †3, Elementis plc
Haruko Fukuda OBE †1, Caliber Global Investment Ltd
Anthony Fuller CBE †1, Fuller Smith and Turner plc
Elizabeth Gage †1, Elizabeth Gage Ltd
Barry Gamble †1 and †4, Fountains plc
Edmund Gartside †12 and former †13, Shiloh Plc
Barry Grimaldi Private General Practitioner]]
Martin Gatto †1, Neutrahealth plc
Thomas Gibson †1, Thomas Gibson Fine Art Advisory Services
Howard Giles †1, Gilesports plc
Charles Goodson-Wickes †4, Medarc Ltd
Jonathan Goodwin Joint-†17 and co-†11, LongAcre Partners Ltd
MIke Gooley †1, Trailfinders
Campbell Gordon †12, UBS
David Gorton Co-†11, London Diversified Fund Managment
Ross Graham †7, Misys plc
Donald Greenhalgh Non-Executive †12, Ainscough Cranes Ltd
George Greenwood †3, Steamship Insurance Management Services Ltd
Ronald Grierson †7 General, [[Industry & Technology, European Commission
Stanley Grinstead †3, Grand Metropolitan Plc
Lulu Guinness †1, Lulu Guinness Ltd
Paul Guy †1, PMS Developments Plc
Alan Halsall Joint-†13, Silver Cross Holdings Ltd
Peter Hambro †1, Peter Hambro Plc and Peter Hambro Mining Plc
Don Hanson †1, Manchester University Pension Fund
Robert Hanson †1, Hanson Capital Ltd
Stephen Hargrave †1, Thomas Potts Plc
William Hargreaves Joint-†13, SISIS Equipment Ltd
Peter Hargreaves †4, Hargreaves Lansdown Plc
John Harris †1, Alba Plc
Lord Harris of Peckham †1 and †4, Carpetright plc
Jeff Harrison †12, Tortcrest Ltd
Richard Harvey †12, First corporate Shipping Ltd
Bobby Hashemi Co-†11, Coffee Republic
Peter Hawksley †4]]
Michael Heathcoat Amory †12 and †3, Jupiter International Green Investment Trust Plc
Michael Heller †1, London and Associated Properties Ltd
Oliver Hemsley †4, Numis Corporation Plc
Robin Herbert †12, Arbuthnot Latham
Garth Heron †9, Garth Heron Search & Consultancy
John Hickman †1, Kingston Estates Ltd
Lord Hindlip †3, Christies International Plc
Robert Hiscox †1, Hiscox Plc
Alexander Hoare †4, Hoare and Co
David Hoare Executive †1, Virgin Express Holdings Plc
Jonathan Hodge Executive †10, Julian Hodge Bank
John Hoerner †4 of Clothing, Tesco Plc
Steven Hope †1 of A & D Hope]]
John Hoskyns †3, Arcadia Group plc
Jan Hruska †4, Sophos plc
David Hunter †13, NCL Investments Ltd
Kit Hunter Gordon †13, The Summit Group Ltd
Michael Hutchinson †1, The AGD Group Ltd
Stuart Hutton †13, Priory Hotels Ltd
Tim Iredale †13, Reed of Trowbridge
Kambiz Jaberi †1 and †13, Karins Group of Companies
John Jackson †1, Whitley Willows Ltd
C Richard Jackson MBE †1, Mercedes Benz North Yorkshire
Michael Jackson †1, Elderstreet Investments
Clive Jacobs †11, Holiday Autos
Martin Jacomb †3, Prudential plc
Margot James †11, Shire Health Group
Peter Jay former Economics Editor, BBC
Mark Jiskoot †13, Jiskoot Ltd
Luke Johnson †1, Signature Restaurants plc
David Johns-Powell †13, William Powell & Son Ltd
Christopher Joll †1, MJ2 Ltd
Alan Jones OBE former Group †13, TNT Express UK
Peter Jones Operations †12, Argos Retail Group
Kenneth Jordan †18, Chailey Consulting
C Judd †12, Gerald Judd Sales Ltd
Paul Judge †1, Royal Society of Arts
Lord Kalms of Edgware †6, Dixons plc
Peter Kane †11 and †1, Business Post Group
Gerald Kaye Development †12, Helical Bar plc
Nicholas Kaye †4, Canfield Investments Ltd
Terence Kealey Vice Chancellor, University of Buckingham
John Keating †13, Wessex Resins and Adhesives Ltd
Martyn Kebbell †1, Maxwell Stamp plc
Graham Keddie †1, GSPK Ltd
Chris Kelly †1, Keltruck Ltd
William Kendall †4, Green & Black's
Chips Keswick †3, Hambros Bank Ltd
Henry Keswick †1, Matheson and Co Ltd
Simon Keswick †12, Matheson and Co Ltd
Paul Killik †5, Killik & Co
Mike Killingley †1, Beale Plc
Richard King †1, Oyster Partners Ltd
Brian Kingham †11 and †1, Reliance Security Group plc
Simon Kirby †13, Thomas Crapper and Sons Ltd
Matthew Knight †5, Knights Solicitors
Tom Kremer †1, Seven Towns Ltd
Lord Laidlaw of Rothiemay †11, Institute for International Research
Deepak Lal Emeritus Professor of Political Economy, University College London
Martin Landau †12, European Hotels Corp Ltd
Peter Lane †13, GRS Roadstone Ltd
John Langham †1, Langham Industries Ltd
David Lascelles Co-†12 and Joint †11 of the Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation]]
Ruth Lea †12, Centre for Policy Studies
John Lea †13, Morning Foods Ltd
David Lees †1, Tate & Lyle plc
Howard Leigh †12, Cavendish
Major General Gordon Lennox The Gordon Lennox Estate Company]]
Hugh Lenon †9, Phoenix Equity Partners
Graeme Lewis †1, Hi-Gear Leisure plc
Peter Linacre †13, Massive Ltd
Kevin Linfoot †11 and †1, K W Linfoot plc
Marcus Loudon Co-†11, Lawton Cross Ltd
Rupert Lowe †1, Lesiure Holdings Ltd
Gerard Lyons Chief Economist, Standard Chartered plc
Neil MacKinnon Chief Currency Strategist, The ECU Group plc
Alastair MacMillan †12, White House Products Ltd
Lt Col W P C MacNair †13, Black Isle Communications Ltd
Lilian Mains †13, Zodiac Training Ltd
Dimitri Marchessini †1, Marchessini and Co Ltd
Tim Martin †1 and †11, JD Weatherspoon plc
Ivan Massow †11, Ivan Massow Financial Services Ltd
Paul Mawdsley †13, The Mawdsley Consultancy
Malcolm McAlpine †12, Robert McAlpine Ltd
Jack McClenaghan †13, Phoenix Merchants Ltd
Kiki McDonough †11, Kiki McDonough
Charles McLeod †11 and †4, The 4Less Group plc
Nigel McNair Scott †1, Avocet Mining plc
Nick Medlam †13, Safetell International Ltd
John Melbourn MBE †12, Gulf International plc
Tim Melville-Ross †1, DTZ Holdings plc
Peter Michael CBE †1, Classic FM
Antony Michaelson †13, Musical Fidelity
Edgar Miller †13, Palladian Ltd
Michael Miller †1, Harris & Sheldon Group Ltd
Lorna Moran MBE CEO, NRG Group
Peter Morgan †1, Strategic Thought Plc
Douglas Morpeth †3, Clerical Medical Life Assurances
Richard Morriss †13, Marmet Ltd
James Morton Investment †12, European American Securities
Raymond Mould †1, Pillar Property plc
Simon Murray †1, Simon Murray & Associates
Robert Neame CBE DL †1, Shepherd Neame Ltd
Simon Newman †12, Armchair Passenger Company Ltd
Anthony Nissen †13, The Virtual Office Group
Jill Norman Writer
John Nott †3, Hillsdown Holdings plc
Stephens Obomese †13, The Leber-Lebe House Ltd
Julian Ogilvie Thompson Non-executive †12, De Beers Consolidated Mines and De Beers sa
Richard Oldfield †4, Oldfield Partners LLP
Matthew Orr Co-†11 of Killik & Co
Gordon Owen former Group †13, Cable & Wireless
David Palmer former †4 and †1, Willis, Faber & Dumas
Richard Patient †13, Indigo Public Relations
Louise Patten †1, Brixton Plc
Michael Pawley †12, Proficio Solutions Ltd
Alan Peacock Co-†11, David Hume Institute
John Phillips CBE †1, Reliance Barker Davies Ltd
David Peake †3, Kleinwort Benson Group
Michael Pickard †10, London First
Desmond Pitcher †12 and †3, United Utilities plc
John Pittard former Group †13, Pittards plc
Michael Plaut †13, Northmace Hendon Ltd
Mike Price †1, Castle Composite Doors Ltd
David Price †3, F & C Management plc
Professor Gwyn Prins LSE and Columbia University]]
Peter Prowting †1, Prowting Investments Plc
David Pusinelli †12, [[Corporate Development, Close Brothers Group plc
William Pybus †3, AAH Holdings
Christopher Quinton †1, Halarose Limited
Sean Ramsden †11 and †13, Nisa International
Christopher Rea †13, AES Engineering Ltd
Neil Record †1, Record Currency Management Ltd
Gavin Reed †12, Broadgate Management Services Ltd
David Reid Scott †1, Hawkpoint Partners Ltd
Lord Remnant CVO †3, National Provident Institution
Nigel Rich CBE †12, Sutherland Corporate Services
Martin Ricketts CBE Professor, University of Buckingham
John Ritblat †1, British Land Company plc
Peter Rivers-Fletcher †13, Watsonian-Squire Group plc
Graham Roach †2, [[Roach Foods Division, Tulip Ltd
John Robins †3, Austin Reed Group plc
Peter Robinson †1, Frederic Robinson Ltd
Clive Rook †13, Rook Matthews Sayer Property
Philippa Rose †4, Rose Partnership
Stuart Rose †4, Marks & Spencer plc
Raj Ruia †12, Ruia Group
Lord Saatchi Partner, M&C Saatchi
John Sadler †3, Pearl Group plc
Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover †6, J Sainsbury plc
Nicholas Sallnow-Smith †4, Hongkong Land Ltd
Jim Sander †1, Precision Concepts Ltd
Paddy Scott former †13, Pimm's Limited
Malcolm Scott †13, Dunalastair Estates
Patrick Scott †12, The Ormiston Partnership
David Sedgley †1, Roadlink International Ltd
Christopher Shale †4, Oxford Resources Ltd
Jane Sheldon †13, Mawsley Machinery
Lord Sheppard of Didgemere †1, Didgemere Consultants
Graham Sherren †1, Centaur Media
Geoffrey Simon †1, John Broadwood and Sons Ltd
Clive Snell †13, Trigate Holdings Ltd
Peter Spira former †2 of Goldman Sachs International]]
James Spooner †7, John Swire and Sons
James Staughton †13, St Austell Brewery Co Ltd
Michael Stoddart Senior Advisor, Fleming Family and Partners
Michael Stone †1, Gamma Telecommunications Ltd
Peter Stormonth Darling †1, Atlas Capital Group SA
Richard Storey Bt CBE †3, Portsmouth & Sunderland Newspapers plc
John Sunley †1, Sunley Holdings Plc
Richard Tanner †1, Tanners Wines Ltd
Michael Taylor former Financial †12 of Gresham Scientific Instruments Ltd]]
Brian Tew Partner, Simon Smith Group
Richard Tice †12, Maxcap Partners
Robert Tomkinson †3, Pittards Plc
James Tonner †18, JETechnics
Richard Topham †12, Charles Topham Group Ltd
Peregrine Towneley Executive Committee Member, Agnew Higgins Pickering & Co
Tony Travis †3 and †4, Travis Perkins Plc
Viscount Trenchard Senior Advisor, Prudential Financial Ltd
Hugh Trevor-Jones †1, Lowe and Fletcher Ltd
Neville Trotter †1, British-American Chamber of Commerce North East
Andrew Tuckey †12, Bridgewell
Derek Tughan †1, Ralborough Securities Ltd
Simon Turnbull †1, Turnbull Scott and Co Ltd
Neil Turner †1, Edward Turner and Sons Ltd
Rod Turner †1 of Whale Tankers Limited]]
Martin Vallance †12, Vallectric Ltd
John Varley Group †4, Barclays Plc
Lord Vinson of Roddam Dene †7, British Airports Authority
Fred Vinton †1, Electra Partners Ltd
David von Simson †13, Europa Partners Ltd
Charles Wade †1, Wade Group Ltd
Patrick Walker †7 General, MI5
Max Ward †13, The Independent Investment Trust Plc
Monima Wardle †13, City Analytics
Nicholas Wheeler †11, Charles Tyrwhitt Shirts LLP
Michael Whitaker Executive †12, Mitre Estates Ltd
Bill Whiteley CEO, Rotork Plc
Simon Whitmore †3, Butcombe Brewery Ltd
John Wildgoose †1, Wildgoose Construction Limited
Colin Wright †18, Wright Tucker and Associates
John R Wright former †4, Clydesdale & Yorkshire Banks
Stanislas Yassukovich †1, S M Yassukovich and Co Ltd
Martin Young †4, Meyado International Ltd
Lord Young of Graffham †1, Young Associates Ltd
Source: Open Europe 2005-2007 Board Accessed 22 Aug 2007
† key:
Chairman
Vice Chairman
former Chairman
Chief Executive
Senior Partner
President
former Director
Founder Partner
Managing Partner
Deputy Chairman
Founder
Director
Managing Director
Proprietor
Fellow
Founding Partner
==Contact==
*7 Tufton Street, London
==Resources==
*Open Europe 2005-2007Board Accessed 22 Aug 2007
*Open Europe 2005-2007Supporters Accessed 22 Aug 2007
== References ==
Category:Think Tanks
Category:UK
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