nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Waterproof fabric

== Description ==
A textile that is impermeable to water. Waterproof fabrics were first patented by Charles Macintosh in 1823, for the production of raincoats. In 1884, Charles Goodyear patented a process for coating fabric with vulcanized rubber. The cravenette process, patented in 1888, made fabric water-repellent without changing its texture or weight. Currently, waterproof fabrics are coated with silicone or laminated with films of microporous polymers (e.g. GORE-TEX®, Darlexx®, Permia®, Ultrex®).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cravenette; Gore-Tex®; Darlexx®; Permia®; Ultrex®;
== Resources and Citations ==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Waterproof paper

== Description ==
An early 20th century paper treatment method to increase water resistance. Waterproof paper is soaked in a borax-shellac solution, dried then coated with wax (Reich and Siegler, 1937).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wax paper; waxed paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Waterproofing agent

== Description ==
A surface sealant or treatment that prevents the penetration of water. Waterproofing agents, such as rubber, vinyl, wax, silicone, or asphalt, can be used to coat a variety of surfaces (cement, masonry, textiles, paper, etc.). Other types of waterproofing agents, such as alumina, lead acetate, or metallic oxides, can be impregnated into surfaces to seal pores and repel water.
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 557
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Wattle and daub

== Description ==
A building material composed of interwoven sticks, twigs, or branches plastered with clay, grease, or mud. Wattle and daub construction was used for roofs, walls and fences, especially in the early 19th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
willow
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Wattle bark

== Description ==
A tannin-rich extract obtained from the bark of acacia species, such as Acacia dealbata and Acacia pycantha, native to Australia and South Africa. Wattle bark contains 25-50% tannins. It has been used as a vegetable tanning agent to produce a thick, heavy leather for shoe soles.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Acacia dealbata; Acacia pycantha; acacia bark; mimosa bark; Australian bark; corteza de acacia (Esp.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.165: 40-50% tannins
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993 Comment: 25-35% tannins
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "acacia." Accessed: 13 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Wavelength

== Description ==
The distance between two successive maxima or minima of a wave, i.e., the length of one wave. The electromagnetic spectrum is characterized by the varying wavelengths, or energies, of each region. Wavelengths are expressed in distance units (micrometers or nanometers).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Wellenlänge (Deut.); longueur d'onde (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.923
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* AMOL reCollections Glossary -http://amol.org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
* M.Derrick, D.Stulik, J.Landry, Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, in Scientific Tools for Conservation series, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
Category:Materials database
Wavellite

== Description ==
A pale green color mineral composed of hydrous basic aluminum phosphate. Wavellite was named for its discoverer, William Wavell, an English physician. Significant wavellite depostis have been found in the Czech Republic (Zbiroh), France (Montebras), England (Barnstaple, Devon), Bolivia (Llallagua) and the U.S. (Florida, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Colorado). It usually occurs as crusty, globular masses in hydrothermal veins. The transparent to translucent stone can be green, yellow, white, gray or brown.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminum phosphate
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|wavelliteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Orthorhombic crystal system with rare striated prismatic crystals; more often globular or crusty. 
* Cleavage perfect in one direction and good in one direction. 
* Streak = white. 
* Luster= pearly to vitreous. 
* Fracture = conchoidal to uneven.
Composition 	Al3(PO4)2(OH)3-5H2O
Mohs Hardness 	3.5 - 4.0
Density 	2.3-2.4 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.52; 1.53; 1.55
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Wavellite
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "wavellite." accessed 13 Oct. 2004 .
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavellite (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Wavenumber

== Description ==
The number of waves per unit length. Wavenumber units are commonly used in IR spectroscopy and are expressed in reciprocal centimeters (cm-1).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Wellenzahl (Deut.); nombre d'ondes (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Derrick, D.Stulik, J.Landry, Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, in Scientific Tools for Conservation series, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
Category:Materials database
Wax crayon

== Description ==
A hard wax-based stick usually wrapped in a protective paper, used for drawing. Crayons are often sold in sets of colors, but as an artists' material it is often black. The popular Crayola® brand crayons were introduced in 1903 by Binney & Smith. Marketed for children, these first crayons contained paraffin wax, stearic acid, oil, and pigments. Today, many different quality wax crayons are produced for children as well as for artists. The base for the crayons is a wax (such as paraffin, beeswax, carnauba, or polyethylene) mixed with a colorant (pigment or dye). Some soft crayons have small amounts of an oil and/or fat (stearic acid, tallow) while some hard crayons have a filler (kaolin, talc). A few brands produce a water-soluble type crayon that contains an emulsified wax and polyethylene glycol (Ellis and Yeh 1997).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
crayon; wax stick; Crayola® [Binney & Smith]; school crayon; Neocolor I [Caran d'Ache]; Munsell Perma Pressed Crayons [Binney & Smith]
== Risks ==
* Halos may form when used on absorbent material. 
* Bloom may form on surface.
* Crayola: Product Safety
* ChemService: Crayola SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents.
==Resources and Citations==
* Binney & Smith: Crayola History
* M.Holben Ellis, M.Brigitte Yeh,"Categories of Wax-based Drawing Media" WAAC Newsletter, Vol 19(3), 1997.
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Comment: p. 561
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: date 1902
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "crayon." Accessed 13 Oct. 2004 .
* Crayola: History (date 1903)
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
Category:Materials database
Wax emulsion

== Description ==
A creamy white stable aqueous emulsion of saponified wax. Wax emulsions are usually formed with paraffin wax or microcrystalline wax emulsified with an alkali or acid. When used as a paint, the emulsion may be mixed with small amounts of resin, drying oil, egg, or casein. Wax emulsions are also used for sizing and waxing paper or leather.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
emulsión de cera (Esp.); émulsion de cire (Fr.); wax paint; saponified wax
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Miscible in water. Soluble in turpentine.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Contributed information: Richard Newman
Category:Materials database
Wax paint

== Description ==
A mixture of wax and pigment often with additions of turpentine (oil) or mastic resin. Wax paints were used in ancient times for decoration. They do not tend to discolor like oil paint, but may collect dirt. Wax paints are also soft and easily damaged. See also encaustic paint and wax emulsion.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
encaustic; wax emulsion; pintura a la cera (Esp.); encáustica (Esp.); peinture à la cire (Fr.); encausto (It.); encáustica (Port.); saponified wax
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in turpentine.
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Wax paper

== Description ==
Moistureproof paper coated or impregnated with wax. Wax paper, or waxed paper was invented by Thomas Edison in 1872. It is used to wrap food for storage, for cooking, envelopes, carton liners, and craft items. Wax paper can rubbed against another item to apply a thin film of wax as a polish or lubricant. Wax paper was also used for the initial electrostatic copy (Xerox®) images produced in 1938.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
waxed paper; paraffin paper; waxed paper negative; papier ciré (Fr.); papier paraffiné (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_paper (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Wax pick test

== Description ==
A test used to determine the pick resistance of a paper. The Dennison Wax Pick test provides a set of wax sticks with varying adhesive strengths. A drip of wax from each stick is placed on the paper, cooled, then removed. The paper is rated according to the highest adhesive level that can be removed without disturbing the paper surface. The wax pick test is designed to simulate the pulling stress applied to a paper as it passes through a printing press.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dennison Wax Pick test
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
Category:Materials database
Wax resin

== Description ==
1) This term was formerly used for a mixture of waxes with natural resins
2) More recently the term is used for a mixture of wax and a synthetic polymer. Some variations are: 
* Castable: Wax resin casts capture intricate features and offers smooth surface finish for accurate castings with zero ash content and clean burnout.
* Thermal printing: wax resin ribbons possess can print on a broad array of label substrates from high-end glossy paper to low-end synthetic. They have improved scratch and smear resistance, as well as improved solvent and heat resistance over wax ribbons.
==Resources and Citations==
* Website: www.hants.org.uk/museums/ofr/cmeth_t.html
* Castable wax resins: link
* Labe Direct: wax/resin ribbons
Category:Materials database
Wax soap

== Description ==
A slippery paste composed of beeswax diluted with a small amount of turpentine or mineral spirits.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wax paste; jabón de cera (Esp.); pasta de cera (Esp.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in turpentine or mineral spirits.
==Resources and Citations==
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
Category:Materials database
Weald clay

== Description ==
A type of brick clay obtained from the mid-Sussex hills (Kent, Surrey, and Essex counties) in southeast England.
==Resources and Citations==
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Weald" Accessed 13 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Wear resistance

== Description ==
The ability of a material to resist wear and abrasion. See abrasion resistance.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
abrasion resistance; Verschleissfestigkeit (Deut.); résistance à l'usure (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "steel." Accessed 13 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Weasel

== Description ==
Any of several small fur-bearing carnivores of the family Mustelidae, such as the sable, mink, ermine, otter, marten, fisher, fitch, badger, and kolinsky. Weasels have elongated, slender bodies, short limbs and pointed tip tail. They have short, dense fur that has long been prized for its lustrous feel. The coats of many animals in the weasel family turn white in the winter and brown in the summer. The tail hairs of some weasels, such as sable and kolinsky, are used to make artists' brushes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Mustla nivalis
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Durable
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "weasel" [Accessed November 8, 2001]. (photo)
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
Category:Materials database
Weather-Ometer

== Description ==
[Atlas Electric Devices, Chicago] A registered trademark for a controlled environment chamber used to test the durability of materials. Weather-Ometer® chambers expose a material to short periods of severe, but controlled, environments to induce accelerated deterioration. The experimental conditions may include intense light, high heat, wet-dry cycles, freeze-thaw cycles, pollutant exposure or combinations thereof. Selected parameters (fading, loss of adhesion, corrosion, chemical composition, etc.) are periodically monitored as the experiment progresses. Once deterioration is induced and measured, it can be correlated to the exposure conditions and plotted as a function of time. The ultimate goal of using the intense exposures is provide 'lifetime' estimates for materials under natural conditions. weather-Ometer exposures have been used to test paints, coatings, and glazings as well as storage and packing materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weatherometer; Weather-O-Meter
==Resources and Citations==
* Atlas Material Testing Solutions: Website
* Xenon-Arc Weather-Ometers: link
* National Gallery of Art, Scientific Research: Glossary of Conservation Terminology
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Weather strip

== Description ==
A narrow compressible strip of material placed between the edge of a door or window sill to exclude rain and wind. Weather strips are made from metal, wood, rubber, plastic, felt, or foam.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weather-strip; weatherstrip
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996 Comment: weatherstrip
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997 Comment: weather strip
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: weather-strip
Category:Materials database
Weatherfastness

== Description ==
The ability of a material to resist change when exposed to an outdoor environment, such as sunlight, rain, heat, cold, and pollution.
==Resources and Citations==
* B. Berrie, S.Q. Lomax, 'Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties and Use in Artists' Materials', Studies in the History of Art , National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, No. 57, 1997
Category:Materials database
Weathering

== Description ==
The mechanical or chemical processes by which a material deteriorates when exposed to outdoor conditions. Mechanical weathering includes the effects due to temperature variations (expansion, contraction, freeze-thaw, etc.), moisture changes (hydration, dehydration, etc.), and abrasion (wind, erosion, wear, etc.). Chemical weathering includes the effects due to reactions with oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and pollutants. Heat and ultraviolet light from the sun can accelerate degradation.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Verwitterung (Deut.); vieillissement (Fr.); meteorização (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
* Theodore J. Reinhart, 'Glossary of Terms', Engineered Plastics, ASM International, 1988
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "weathering." Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 Oct. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Weathering reference material

== Description ==
A reference material with documented and reproducible weathering degradation properties. A weathering reference material is used for comparison to materials with unknown degradation properties when both are exposed to identical test conditions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
WRM; matériau de référence pour la tenue environnementale (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, G113, 1371-1373, Sep-94
Category:Materials database
Weathering steel

== Description ==
A high strength, low carbon steel. Weathering steels contain 0.2-0.5 % copper and phosphorus. When exposed to a cycle of wet and dry outdoor conditions, weathering steels form a thin protective patina composed of metal oxyhydroxides. The oxyhydroxide film is initially a dull red, but as the crystals grown the color can change to a reflective blue (Gallagher 2000). First sold in 1933 by U.S. Steel under the name of Cor-Ten and this name is now generically used for weathering steels. Weathering steels have been used for structural and design elements in buildings. They work exceptionally well in high sulfur pollution regions. Chlorides from adjacent materials (polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, etc.) or from marine environments can accelerate degradation. Patina products may slowly wash from the surface staining materials (concrete, stucco, stone, wood, brick, etc.) in its drainage path.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weathering steel; copper steel; aço patinável (Port.); Cor-Ten; Mayari R; River-Ten; Wetterstahl (Deut.)
== Risks ==
* Corrodes rapidly when kept wet.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Patina is slightly soluble in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Scott, C.Searles, "Weathering Steel", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995. 
* W.P.Gallagher, "The Appearance of Weathering Steel Sculpture" from abstract in WAAC Newsletter Vol 22(1):13, 2000.
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995 Comment: J.Scott, C.Searles, "Weathering Steel"
Category:Materials database
Weave

== Description ==
A pattern of interconnected yarns used to make textiles. Three basic weave patterns are: plain, twill, and satin.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
weaving; ligamento (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Weaving Library at http://www.weavinglibrary.org 
 
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
Category:Materials database
Web

== Description ==
1) A loosely woven, or matted, lattice-like fabric that resembles a spider web. See also webbing. 
2) A delicate mat of filaments created by a spider or insect larvae.
3) A membrane interconnecting two separate parts, such as toes of a bird or extremities in stone sculptures.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
webbed; red (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* ArtLex Art Dictionary at www.artlex.com
Category:Materials database