Dry cleaning

Dry cleaning refers to "any of various nonaqueous cleaning methods such as the removal of surface dirt by brushing, using appropriate erasers on paper, or the use of nonaqueous organic solvents on fabrics."Art & Architecture Theasaurus. (2004). Dry cleaning. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=dry+cleaning&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300219637.
=== Translation ===
Language 	Translation
English 	dry cleaning
Chinese (Traditional)	乾式清潔
Chinese 	乾洗Art & Architecture Theasaurus. (2004). Dry cleaning. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=dry+cleaning&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300219637.
Dutch 	stomen; gestoomdArt & Architecture Theasaurus. (2004). Dry cleaning. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=dry+cleaning&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300219637.
Spanish 	limpieza en secoArt & Architecture Theasaurus. (2004). Dry cleaning. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=dry+cleaning&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300219637.
=== Discussion ===
Dry cleaning can involve a technique without chemicals or it involves the application of chemicals. Objects can be dry cleaned using a brush to remove soil on the surface of fabricsArt & Architecture Theasaurus. (2004). Dry cleaning. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=dry+cleaning&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300219637. or an eraser, such as Draft CleanMFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Draft Clean. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Draft_Clean. or a Design® Artgum® eraserMFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Design® Artgum®. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Design®_Artgum®_eraser., might be employed to remove stains from fabrics. To dry clean carpets or other similar textile types powders such as Fuller's earthMFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Fuller’s earth. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Fuller%27s_earth. or sodium bicarbonate might be employed. Magnesium carbonate is another such powder that is sometimes used to clean jewelry.MFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Magnesium carbonate. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate
Dry cleaning techniques that involve liquid chemicals originated in France in the 18th century.Forte, C. (2006). Dry cleaning demystified. Good Housekeeping 243(3). Early methods relied on petroleum based chemicals to remove stains and other soils from textiles. Kerosene, gasoline, and Stoddard solvent, which is similar to turpentine, were all used in early dry cleaning.MFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Stoddard solvent. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Stoddard_solvent Petroleum based solutions are no longer used due to their high flammability, general toxicity, and the availability of better solutions. 
Modern dry cleaning relies on more stable solvents made up of hydrocarbons or tetrachloroethylene, also known as "perc."MFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Tetrachloroethylene. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene; Good Housekeeping. (2011). “Green” dry cleaning. Good Housekeeping 252(1). "Perc" does have harmful side effects and legislation has called for the removal of dry cleaners that use the substance from residential buildings.Good Housekeeping. (2011). “Green” dry cleaning. Good Housekeeping 252(1). Meaning that the number of "perc" dry cleaners is dwindling. The nonflammable hydrocarbon based Vaclene is another common dry cleaning solution.MFA Boston CAMEO (n.d.). Vaclene. Retrieved from http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Vaclene.
All of the chemicals used during the dry cleaning process should be removed as completely as possible from the object. Vacuums and brushes can be used to remove powdered chemicals and the dry cleaning process should remove all liquid chemicals.Forte, C. (2006). Dry cleaning demystified. Good Housekeeping 243(3). Chemical cleaning process recommendations are expressed in GINETEX symbols on the labels inside modern garments.Wikipedia. (n.d.). Laundry symbols. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laundry_symbol.