nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Soligen

== Description ==
[Borchers GmBH] A brand name for a series of paint driers used in alkyd paint formulations. Soligen drier contain long-chain organic acid salts formed with heavy metals such as cobalt, zinc, barium, and/or calcium. Over 40 formulations of these metal soaps are sold. Examples include:
* Octa-Soligen Cobalt 6: cobalt salt of 2-ethylhexanic acid (octoates or their isomers) containing 6 wt. % cobalt (solvent = xylenes)
* Octa-Soligen Calcium 4: contains 4 wt. % calcium (solvent =white spirit)
* Octa-Soligen Calcium 10: contains 10 wt. % calcium (solvent =white spirit)
* Octa-Soligen Zirkon 18: contains 18 wt. % Zr (solvent =white spirit)
* Octa-Soligen Trockner 203: contains contains 1.2 wt. % Co, 3.2 wt. % zinc and 7.2 wt. % barium (solvent =white spirit)
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Octa-Soligen Cobalt 6; Octa-Soligen Calcium 4; Octa-Soligen Calcium 10; Octa-Soligen Zirkon 18; Octa-Soligen Trockner 203
==Resources and Citations==
* Borchers: Octi-Soligen
* Greg Smith, Submitted information, November 2007.
* Antiskinning agents at Patent Storm website - shttp://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6730157-description.html
Category:Materials database
Solnhofen limestone

== Description ==
A fine-grain, blue-gray limestone quarried in Solnhofen, Germany (Mayer 1969). Solnhofen limestone was used for lithographic beds.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
none; Solnhofer Kalkstein, Solnhofer Marmor, Solnhofer Schiefer (Deut.); Solnhoven kalksteen (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Soluble cotton

== Description ==
1) An old name used for solutions of cellulose nitrate dissolved in ethanol (Brady 1971).
2) An old name for cotton gauze oxidized with nitrogen dioxide. Soluble cotton gauze pads were used for surgical dressings (Brady 1971).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
algodón soluble (Esp.); coton soluble (Fr.); colone solubile (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.171
Category:Materials database
Soluble nylon

== Description ==
A modified nylon developed by DuPont and ICI about 1940. Soluble nylon is nylon%20resin that has been treated with formaldehyde to produce an unstable alkoxy substituted material. One commercial product, Calaton (n-methoxymethyl nylon), is prepared from nylon 6,6. The freshly prepared alkoxy substituted nylon is soluble in alcohols. However, when it is painted as a film, soluble nylon can hydrolyze, especially in the presence of acids, to produce a stiff, insoluble film. Soluble nylon was used in the mid-20th century as an adhesive, coating, and sizing agent to add strength to wet paper and consolidate friable pigments. It is not recommended for any type of current conservation use.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
nailon soluble (Esp.); 
Examples: Calaton [ICI, Britain]; Maranyl [ICI]; Ultramid [BASF]; Elvamide [DuPont]
== Risks ==
* Hazardous to all artifacts. 
* Becomes insoluble with age. 
* Attracts dirt and shrinks with time. 
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Initially soluble in methanol and ethanol.
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* C.Sease "The Case Against Using Soluble Nylon in Conservation Work" Studies in Conservation, 26:102-110, 1981. 
* E.De Witte "Soluble Nylon as Consolidation Agent for Stone" Studies in Conservation, 20:30-34, 1975.
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Ceramics and Glass Conservation Section, List of Workshop Materials, The British Museum, London
* Meredith Montague, contributed information, 1998
* Elvamide (Dupont): Elvamide Guide
* Zytel (DuPont) Zytel
Category:Materials database
Soluble starch

== Description ==
A starch that has been hydrolyzed with acid to make it soluble in water. Soluble starch has been used for priming canvas and as a binder in watercolor paints. See dextrin.
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 776
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Soluvar

== Description ==
[Liquitex] A registered trademark for a series of glossy, satin, and matte picture varnishes. Soluvar varnishes are composed of a mixture of n-butyl and isobutyl methacrylates (Paraloid B-67 and F-10) resins. Soluvar varnishes are designed for use on colors polymer (e.g., acrylic, vinyl), paint casein, and tempera paintings.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Soluvar Gloss varnish FTIR.PNG~FTIR - Gloss Varnish]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Liquitex Soluvar Picture Varnish; Soluvar Gloss Picture Varnish; Soluvar Matte Picture Varnish
== Applications ==
== Risks ==
* Soluvar Matte Picture Varnish: MSDS
* Soluvar Gloss Picture Varnish: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in Stoddard solvent, mineral spirits and turpentine.
==Resources and Citations==
* Liquitex: Product information
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
* Conservation Materials Ltd., Catalog
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Solvent

== Description ==
Any liquid (usually) that dissolves another compound (solute) to form a homogeneous solution. Solvents are characterized by their polarity, evaporation rate and composition. Water is the most common solvent and it is strongly polar. Hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, mineral spirits, and aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene) are nonpolar. Other organic solvents, such as acetone, Ethanol, Turpentine, chloroform, and carbon disulfide are less polar. Many solvents are volatile and some are flammable and toxic.
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 - contains tables and charts comparing properties of pure solvents (pp. 202-205, 207, 208). 
* Alan Phenix, 'The Swelling of Artists' Paints in Organic Solvents, Part 1 and Part 2', JAIC 41(1), 2002. -contains substantial information on the properties of solvent mixtures. (pp. 43-90).
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 742
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* AMOL reCollections Glossary -http://amol.org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
Category:Materials database
Solvent blue 35

== Description ==
A transparent blue dye derived from anthraquinone. Solvent Blue 35 has the appearance of a dark blueish-black powder. It is soluble in alcoholic and hydrocarbon solvents as well as oils, fats and waxes. It is typically used to color inks, lacquers, plastics and polyester fabric.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
CI 61554; CAS# 17354-14-2; Blue B/G, Blue 2N; Oil Blue 35; Oil Blue B; Sodan Blue (BASF); Lurafix Blue B (BASF), RO-FW (ICI) Fat Blue B (Hoechst)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in benzene, toluene, and acetone
* Insoluble in water
* Turns green in 5% hydrochloric acid
* Good heat resistant and light fastness
* Produces a bright color in plastics
* Melting point = 104-105 C
* Tongshun Chemical Co.: Technical sheet
Category:Materials database
Solvent green 3

== Description ==
A non-toxic, green dye derived from anthraquinone. Solvent Green 3 appears as a dark green-black powder. It is used in plastics, rubber, printing inks, gasoline, oil, lubricants, waxes, cosmetics and medications. Solvent Green 3 has also been used for many years in smoke formulations, but when it is inhaled, the dye clears very slowly from the lungs (half time = 280 days).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
C.I. 61565; CAS # 128-80-3; D and C Green #6; Quinizarine Green SS; Oil Green G; Macrolex Green 5B; Alizarine Green Base (BASF); Waxoline Green G
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in alcohols and hydrocarbons, including oils, fats, and waxes
* Insoluble in water
* Melting point = 215 C
* Density = 1.32 g/ml
* Good heat stability and lightfastness
* Tongshun Chemic Co: Website
== Resources and Citations ==
Category:Materials database
Solvent naphtha

== Description ==
See naphtha, mineral spirits, ligroin
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 726
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Somemono imo/Kūrō (Faux-gambier) - bottom (142 B)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-04-2009_142.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 142
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| bottom (142 B)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| greenish brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| そめものいも /クーロー : Somemono imo /Kūrō
|-		
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Faux-gambier
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| root /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water; melanterite
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In the Amami island, Japan, they used to use this technique when dyeing browns for the shima-tsumugi cloth. Nowadays, use of Tekachigi (Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. Ex Ker var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi) alternatively became more common.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Somemono imo/Kūrō (Faux-gambier) - left (142 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-04-2009_142.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 142
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (142 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| そめものいも /クーロー : Somemono imo /Kūrō
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Faux-gambier
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| root /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| melanterite
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In the Amami island, Japan, they used to use this technique when dyeing browns for the shima-tsumugi cloth. Nowadays, use of Tekachigi (Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. Ex Ker var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi) alternatively became more common.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Somemono imo/Kūrō (Faux-gambier) - right (142 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-04-2009_142.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 142
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (142 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| そめものいも /クーロー : Somemono imo /Kūrō
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Faux-gambier
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| root /fresh (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| In the Amami island, Japan, they used to use this technique when dyeing browns for the shima-tsumugi cloth. Nowadays, use of Tekachigi (Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. Ex Ker var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi) alternatively became more common.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Someshiba - center (165 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_165.jpg~Normal|Uemura_06-18-2009_165_UV.jpg~UV]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 165
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (165 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| cream
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 染柴 : Someshiba
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Symplocos prunifolia Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| According to Dr. Shirai, an alternative name for Someshiba is Hai-no-ki (). According to Dr. Makino, an alternative name for the same plant is Kurobai (), and an alternative name for Hai-no-ki () is Isu-no-ki (), which is a different species. In addition to these, there is also another Isu-no-ki, which does not belong to the Hai-no-ki family, but belongs to the Kinrubai family ().
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Someshiba /Kurobai no ki - left (164 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_164.jpg~Normal|Uemura_06-18-2009_164_UV.jpg~UV]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 164
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (164 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| ochre
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| そめしば /くろばひの木 : Someshiba /Kurobai no ki
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Symplocos prunifolia Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Someshiba and Hai-no-ki (Symplocos myrtacea Siebold et Zucc.) belong to same species; and the result of dyeing with these plants would be also same.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Someshiba /Kurobai no ki - right (164 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_164.jpg~Normal|Uemura_06-18-2009_164_UV.jpg~UV]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 164
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (164 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| cream
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| そめしば /くろばひの木 : Someshiba /Kurobai no ki
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Symplocos prunifolia Siebold et Zucc.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| ash water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| Someshiba and Hai-no-ki (Symplocos myrtacea Siebold et Zucc.) belong to same species; and the result of dyeing with these plants would be also same.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Soot

== Description ==
Fine, black particles produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon containing materials, such as wax, coal, oil, or wood. Soot is primarily composed of carbon along with small amounts of oily or tarry substances. Several millions of pounds of soot are injected into the air each year by combustion sources. The soot deposits adhere to surfaces causing discoloration. 
See also lampblack.
==Resources and Citations==
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sorbent

== Description ==
A general, all-inclusive name used for absorbent and adsorbent materials. For a comparison table of sorbents used in museum cases to passively minimize aerosol pollutants, please see scavenger.
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Sorbic acid

== Description ==
An organic acid naturally found in the berries of the mountain ash Sorbus aucuparis. Sorbic acid is used as a preservative primarily in food products, such as cheeses, to inhibit Mold, yeast, and other Fungi.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2,4-hexadienoic acid; 2-propenyl-acrylic acid
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|sorbic acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Contact causes irritation. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	C6H8O2
CAS 	110-44-1
Melting Point 	134.5 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 112.12
Boiling Point 	228 C (dec)
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 8567
Category:Materials database
Sorbitol

== Description ==
White, odorless, sweet tasting crystals. Sorbitol is a simple sugar that occurs naturally in fruits (berries, cherries, plums, pears, apples), seaweed, and algae. It is used as a humectant on printing rolls and in leather, writing inks, animal glues, textiles, papers, and cosmetics. Sorbitol is used as an emulsifier and sequestrant in foods, wines, and vinyl resins. It is also used as a sugar substitute for diabetics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
d-glucitol; d-sorbitol; sorbit; d-sorbite; L-gulitol; hexahydric alcohol; clucitol
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|sorbitol.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
TheromoFisher: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water, alcohols, phenol, acetone, acetic acid, pyridine, acetamide. Insoluble in other organic solvents.
CAS 	50-70-4
Melting Point 	110-112 C
Density 	1.47 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=182.17
Refractive Index	1.45831
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 795
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8873
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sorel cement

== Description ==
A refractory cement made from of calcined magnesite (MgO) and magnesium chloride. In 1853, M.Sorel discovered a hard cement made by mixing zinc oxide and zinc chloride. Later in the 1870s, he patented a cement with similar properties made with the magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. Also called magnesia cement, is sets quickly even under water. Sorel's cement was used for artificial stone, floor tiles, and stucco.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
magnesia cement; magnesite cement; Sorel's cement; oxychloride cement
==Resources and Citations==
* J.H.Wills, "Inorganic Adhesives and Cements" in Handbook of Adhesives, I.Skeist (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977. p.117-138.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 173
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Sorgho red

== Description ==
A red dye produced from the Chinese sugar cane plant, Sorghum saccharatum which is native to Asia and has been cultivated in Europe since 1853 for sugar production. The fermented juice from the plant stems produces a reddish-brown colorant which can be precipitated with sulfuric acid to form a bright red powder. Sorgho red can be mordanted to silk and wool with tin. This dye was used in China to produce a color similar to Turkey red.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sorghum red; sorgho carmine; purpurolein
Category:Materials database
Sorghum

== Description ==
A cereal grass, such as Sorghum bicolor or Sorghum vulgare, with broad, cornlike leaves that are native to Africa and Asia. Sorghum has been cultivated since ancient times for its grain (couscous) and as a source of syrup (molasses). The tall, stiff, pithy stems have been and still are used for brooms and baskets. A reddish purple dye is extracted from the leaves and stems. Called guineense, it was used for dyeing Niger goatskins.
* See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Takakibi/Morokoshi)] 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sorghum bicolor; Sorghum vulgare; sorgo; broomcorn; milo; kafir; kaffir; durra; feterita; kaoliang; Sudan grass; sorghum guineense dye; Sorghum (Deut.); sorgo (Esp., It., Pol., Port.); zahina (Esp.); sorgho (Fr.); durra (Nor.);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 780
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database