nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Gautam Adani

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Gautam Adani is an Indian businessman who is the founder and chairman of the Adani Group, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Ahmedabad, India. 
The Adani Group is India’s biggest importer of coal, its largest owner of solar farms and its second-biggest manufacturer of cement, and the ports Adani owns carry almost half the country’s shipping containers. More than 90 million people use its airports every year. 
He is Asia’s second-richest man and is thought to have close ties to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
In November 2024, U.S. prosecutors charged him with suspected bribery, which set off a rout in his company's stock. Adani’s fortunes took a hit in early 2023 after allegations of stock manipulation and accounting fraud were made by the New York-based investor Hindenburg Research, which caused the group’s market value to plummet.
The Federal prosecutors alleged that Adani, along with other defendants, promised to pay more than $250 million in bribes to Indian government officials to win solar energy contracts and concealed the plan from U.S. investors. The indictment also accused his nephew Sagar R. Adani and Vneet S. Jaain, both executives at an Indian renewable-energy company, of breaking U.S. laws.
The Adani Group has denied any wrongdoing.
== Background ==
Adani was born in 1962 to a small textile merchant family in Gujarat. He dropped out of university and began his career sorting diamonds for a Mumbai firm. Later, he became an importer of materials used in manufactured goods, and by the mid-1990s he was managing the Mundra Port, which he now owns.
His corporate strategy has aligned with that of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's efforts to develop India’s economy. When Modi promised to bring reliable electricity to more Indians, Adani ramped up coal-fired power production, and in 2021, he began construction of a major port facility in Sri Lanka which officials said was encouraged by the Modi government.
Adani’s conglomerate has built one of India’s largest renewable businesses as Modi’s government is pressing an ambitious plan to meet half its energy needs from green sources by 2030.
== Education ==
== References ==
Gavin Andresen

Gavin Andresen is the chief scientist at the Bitcoin Foundation. He worked as a software developer for a number of companies in the VOIP (voice over internet protocol),3D graphics, virtual reality, and gaming industries. 
== Background ==
Starting in late 2010, Andresen began to work with Satoshi Nakamoto on bitcoin. On December 19, 2010 Andresen wrote on "Bitcoin Forum" that he would " . . . start doing more active project management for bitcoin" and he set up a GitHub forum for testing and establishing official bitcoin code. GitHub is a collaboration portal for software developers to host and review code and build software together. To stimulate interest in and to support the use of bitcoin, Andresen launched Bitcoin Faucet. The website at first distributed five tokens for free to each visitor. As bitcoins became more valuable he gradually reduced the number of bitcoins and stopped the distribution in 2012. One of Andresen's key contributions to the development of bitcoin is widely acknowledged to have been bringing cryptographers and developers together to work on the open source. 
In April 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of bitcoin, sent an email to the bitcoin community saying he was leaving the project. Andresen filled the void that was left by keeping the project organized and moving forward. In 2012 Andresen helped found the Bitcoin Foundation and became its chief scientist, a full-time position he has held since then until at least mid-July 2018. 
One of Andresen's key development interests was bitcoin scaling, specifically, the block size. Andresen advocated for allowing for larger maximum block sizes but his views were often met with pushback from other developers. The issue remains unresolved. Andresen 
Andresen dropped out of the limelight after the CoinDesk Consensus 2016. On a panel there he stated that he believed Craig Wright's claim to be the real Satoshi Nakamoto. Craig Wright is an Australian bitcoin developer. Wright's claim and Andresen's support for it were widely ridiculed. Immediately thereafter, Bitcoin Core, a developer group, deleted Andresen's permission to commit new code in GitHub. As one tweet noted, "Core team members are concerned that he may have been hacked." 
On November 11, 2017 Gavin tweeted that he was looking into bitcoin cash because it can serve as both a store of value and a currency. In that Twitter thread, he states, "High validation costs lead to centralization . . ." Andresen submitted a concept for bitcoin cash to GitHub on January 2, 2018 called “Storing the UTXO as a bit-vector,” the purpose of which is to enable faster transaction validations in the future as the size of bitcoin cash blocks grows. UTXO is the acronym for unspent transaction output, where, for a transaction to be valid all inputs must be in the UTXO database.
== Education ==
Andresen holds a Bachelors Degree in Computer Science from Princeton University. It was awarded in 1988.
== References ==
Category: Distributed Ledger
Category: People
Category: bios
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki
Gavin Casey

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Gavin Casey is a former chairman of London stock broker Blue Oar. He resigned from the position in late December of 2008 after a bitter battle for control of the company involving Evolve group.
Casey is also a former chief executive of the London Stock Exchange. Reports indicated that he resigned from the LSE position in September of 2000 when shareholders opposed his plan to merge with Germany's Deutsche Boerse.
 
== Background ==
== Education ==
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Gavin Hill

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Gavin Hill is chief compliance officer for LME Clear, a role he assumed in 2018.
== Background ==
Before LME Clear, Hill was head of regulatory affairs with the World Federation of Exchanges from 2015 to 2018. He joined the WFE after 14 years with the Financial Conduct Authority, formerly the Financial Services Authority, where he served in a number of roles pertaining to the supervision of derivatives markets, commodity policy and market infrastructure. 
== Education ==
Hill earned a degree in mathematics and business management from the University of Manchester.
 
== References ==	
Category:World Federation of Exchanges - Former Employees
Gavin Maguire

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Gavin Maguire is a Singapore-based commodities and energies editor-in-charge for Thomson Reuters. Before moving to Singapore, he was an agricultural markets reporter with Thomson Reuters.
Additionally, he was a director at EHedger before joining Thomson Reuters, where he oversaw their analysis of, and commentaries on, the agricultural futures and options markets. He also served as director of research at Iowa Grain Company, where he worked with agricultural producers, consumers and investors to formulate effective hedging and trading strategies. 
== Background ==
Previously he was head of metals coverage, Americas, for Dow Jones Newswires, responsible for providing and coordinating in-depth analysis of trading activities, company performances, critiques of industry trends and off-market breaking news.
Before that, he was part of 10-person team responsible for real-time coverage of metals markets in London and New York for Bridge Information Systems. 
== Education ==
University of Notre Dame - Mendoza College of Business. MBA, Business, 2007 — 2009 (expected)
University of York. Economics, Politics & Philosophy, 1994 — 1997
International Secondary School Eindhoven, 1991 — 1994
Wrekin College, 1989 — 1991
== References ==	
Category:Journalists
Category:Thomson Reuters
Category:Dow Jones - Former Employees
Category:Bridge News - Former Employees
Category:Iowa Grain - Former Employees
Gavin Wells

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Gavin Wells is an industry executive who was most recently CEO of ForexClear, LCH.Clearnet's clearing service for foreign-exchange products. He stepped down from that role in March of 2016. 
He was in charge of building and leading the FX clearing services in anticipation of mandated clearing from regulators.
Wells was also in charge of CDSClear, the company's credit default swap clearing business, taking over upon the departure of CDSClear CEO Charlie Longden. He joined ForexClear in 2011 as a director and head of product.
== Background ==
Before joining LCH.Clearnet, Wells spent 15 years at Citigroup in numerous roles, including global head of FX spot and forwards trading and global head of FX electronic commerce.. 
Before joining Citigroup in 1993, he served as an officer in Britain's Royal Artillery, where he spent eight years in several theatres including Germany, Northern Ireland, Cyprus and the Persian Gulf. 
== Education ==
Wells earned a commission from the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.
== References ==
Gavin Wood

Gavin Wood was an early developer for and one of the founders of Ethereum. 
== Background ==
Wood worked as a programmer in several software design firms after completing his PhD. 
Shortly after reading Vitalik Buterin's Ethereum white paper in late 2013, Wood private-messaged Buterin in a "cold-call" to introduce himself and suggest that he could contribute to the project. Wood served as CTO of Ethereum. 
==Web 3.0==
Wood is a founder of Web3 Foundation, a Swiss-registered project organized around promoting decentralization of the internet using blockchain technologies. Web 3.0 is a general concept regarding developments leading to the next stage of development of the world wide web. 
Having developed the Polkadot protocol, which is a technology that uses multiple separate chains, Wood began work on a development platform called Substrate.
== Education ==
Gavin Wood attended the University of York in the United Kingdom. He received a Master of Engineering degree in computer systems and software engineering and a PhD in music visualization for human computer interfacing. 
== References ==
Category: digital assets
Category: cryptocurrency
Category: altcoins
Category: People
Category: CryptoMarketsWiki
Gedon Hertshten

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Gedon Hertshten is a veteran futures trader, entrepreneur and proprietary trading and brokerage executive who is the founder of the Hertshten Group. He is also the founder the G.H. Financials, a global futures commission merchant. 
He serves on the board of directors of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. He previously served on the board of LIFFE and the CME Group.
In 2023, Hertshten was inducted into the Futures Industry Association's Futures Hall of Fame, which was established in 2005 to commemorate outstanding contributions to the global futures and options community.
== Background ==
Hertshten came to Chicago after meeting his wife, who was from Chicago. He was attending Northeastern University when he visited the Chicago Board of Trade, where his wife worked and his brother-in-law, Ray Cahnman, was a prominent member in the new financial futures products. Hertshten bought a permit to trade financial futures and began his career as an independent floor trader at the CBOT in 1978.
In 1993, he founded G.H. Financials, a global FCM serving clients through offices in London, Chicago, Hong Kong and India. 
In 2005, he founded the Hertshten Group, a diversified business group employing over 800 employees in nine countries. Hertshten has actively recruited university graduates from around the world to increase the global talent pool and understanding of listed derivatives markets.
== Education ==
== Video ==
===Open Outcry Traders History Project, Part One===
===Open Outcry Traders History Project, Part TWo===
=== FIA Hall of Fame ===
== References ==	
Category:CBOT Members
Category:Futures Hall of Fame Members
Category:CME Group Board
Category:Tel Aviv Stock Exchange - Board Members
Geir Reigstad

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Geir Reigstad is a financial executive who is currently owner and partner at GR4Hire and an external advisor to the European Energy Exchange. 
He was previously the CEO of Nasdaq OMX Commodities. Earlier he was senior vice president of projects at Nord Pool ASA. 
== Background ==
== Education ==
Høgskolen i Østfold 1978 — 1980
Norges Handelshøyskole 
== References ==
Gemini

Gemini is Google's flagship artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot and family of AI models, developed as part of the company's efforts to compete in the rapidly evolving AI landscape. Positioned as a successor to Google's previous AI models, Gemini represents a significant advancement in the company's AI capabilities and its response to competition from other tech giants, particularly OpenAI.
== History ==
Google announced Gemini during the Google I/O keynote on May 10, 2023, positioning it as a more powerful successor to their previous AI model, PaLM 2. The development of Gemini was a collaborative effort between Google DeepMind and Google Brain, two branches of Google that had recently merged.
On December 6, 2023, Google CEO Sundar Pichai and Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis officially announced "Gemini 1.0" at a virtual press conference. This initial release comprised three models: Gemini Ultra, Gemini Pro, and Gemini Nano, each designed for different levels of task complexity and computational requirements.
== Products and Services ==
Gemini is available in several versions, each tailored for specific use cases:
# Gemini Ultra: The most advanced version, capable of handling complex coding tasks and mathematical reasoning. It is designed for highly complex tasks and is available through Vertex AI and Google AI Studio with the Gemini API.
# Gemini Pro: A versatile model designed for a wide range of tasks. It powers the Gemini chatbot (formerly known as Google Bard) and is being integrated into various Google services.
# Gemini Nano: A smaller model designed for on-device tasks, particularly for mobile devices like the Google Pixel smartphones.
# Gemini 1.5 Pro: An upgraded version of Gemini Pro with enhanced capabilities and a larger context window of up to 2 million tokens, allowing it to process more extensive amounts of information.
One of Gemini's key features is its multimodal capabilities, allowing it to understand and process various types of input, including text, images, audio, and video. This enables Gemini to perform tasks such as generating recipes from images of meals or solving complex problems using handwritten notes and diagrams.
== Key People ==
Several notable figures have been involved in the development and leadership of the Gemini project:
# Sundar Pichai: CEO of Google and Alphabet, who announced and oversees the Gemini project.
# Demis Hassabis: CEO and co-founder of Google DeepMind, leading the development of Gemini.
# Sergey Brin: Google co-founder, credited as a "core contributor" to Gemini's development.
# Noam Shazeer: Former head of Character.AI and long-time Google researcher, appointed as a technical lead on Gemini.
# Jeff Dean and Oriol Vinyals: Co-leaders of the Gemini project alongside Noam Shazeer.
== References ==
Category:Artificial Intelligence
Category:Technology
Category:Google
Category:Machine Learning
Category:Natural Language Processing
Category:Chatbots
Gemini dollar

The Gemini dollar (GUSD) is a cryptocurrency stablecoin issued by the Gemini exchange, as well as tradable on 25 other exchanges. They are pegged, or interchangeable, with the value of an asset like gold or a fiat currency, similar to Tether. They are considered a form of stablecoin.
== Background ==
In September 2018, Gemini Exchange received approval from the New York Department of Financial Services to launch the Gemini dollar, which was backed by funds held at the State Street Corp. 
Gemini dollar prices broke the peg to the U.S. dollar on October 15 and 16, 2018, hitting $1.14 and $1.19, on the respective dates[[. By October 19, the Gemini dollar price had receded to $1.01. Later that month, Cameron Winklevoss wrote on the company's official blog that GUSD had been adopted by 25 exchanges.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Digital Assets
Category:CryptoMarketsWiki
Category:Stablecoin
Gene B. Sperling

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Gene B. Sperling is senior economic adviser in the White House. He was named to the position in January of 2011. He was previously a counselor to U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner and National Economic Advisor and Director of the National Economic Council.
He was the third person to hold the role of chief economic adviser in the White House, following Robert Rubin and Laura Tyson. 
== Background ==
Prior to joining the NEC, Sperling served as Deputy Director of Economic Policy for the Presidential Transition and Economic Policy Director of the Clinton-Gore Presidential campaign. From 1990 to 1992, he was an economic advisor to Governor Mario Cuomo of New York. 
== Education ==
Sperling graduated from the University of Minnesota and Yale Law School, and attended Wharton Business School. At Yale Law School he was senior editor of the Yale Law Journal. He is a native of Ann Arbor, Michigan, where his parents still live.
== References ==
Gene D. Donney

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Gene D. Donney is a financial industry executive and entrepreneur. His career has led him into the areas of brokerage, research, software, and trading. He has been a member of all the major U.S. futures exchanges and London's LIFFE, and has served on several exchange committees, the National Futures Association and the Futures Industry Association. He began work on Nutbridge in 2016. 
He was previously senior vice president of Maymont Partners.
== Background ==
After stepping back from music as a career direction in 1976, Donney answered a blind for telephone canvassers. Six months later he established Donney Securities Ltd. as an FCM with the CFTC (pre-NFA) and is believed to have been the youngest-ever owner of a FCM. He sold the company to employees in 1978 at the age of 25. 
His work in research and consulting began in 1978, culminating as a columnist for Financial World magazine. In 1981, he joined Merrill Lynch Commodities as an institutional broker, then moved to Dean Witter, where he was responsible for bringing European banks into the financial futures markets. Donney was an IB and a CTA in 1984, eventually moving to London as an acquisition consultant for Elders Finance Group, a division of Elders IXL, then the second-largest public company in Australia. In 1986, Elders bought the U.S. and Swiss operations of Rudolf Wolff, and Donney was appointed chief executive of the renamed Elders Futures. Elders was sold in June, 1990.
In 1990, Donney founded Pegasus Econometric Group, providing research and trading advice to major banks and energy companies worldwide. After Pegasus was sold to Thomson in 1993, Donney founded AudiTrack, a real-time trade simulation company with links to major exchanges, which eventually merged with AudiTrade to form US Virtual. AudiTrade was responsible for creating and licensing the first Internet-based trading platform in the futures industry. Donney sold US Virtual to SunGard Data Systems in 2000. 
In 2008, Donney formed Dostan LLC with Jules Staniewicz, a commodity trading advisory company, pioneering the use of non-predictive, non-deterministic quant models.
== Education ==
Donney is a graduate of Fordham University at Lincoln Center with music credits from Juilliard.
== Registration Information ==
*Gene D. Donney – NFA ID: 0070651
*Dostan LLC – NFA ID: 0397114
== Published Work ==
*Profit Loss, The Beta Paradox, December 2008, Gene Donney
*Profit Loss, Trend Follower, Where art Thou?, December 2007, Gene Donney
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Gene Koziarz

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Gene Koziarz is Options Strategist at LOGe Solutions, which he joined in October 2010. 
He was previously managing director at AlgoTrade. His work includes analyzing the business environment and directing and managing the development of software and data.
== Background ==
Before joining AlgoTrade, Koziarz was a product manager at Logical Information Machines (LIM), where he was in charge of the creation and life cycle of their product, Option Tester. Koziarz also worked as senior account manager and business development manager, in charge of business development, sales, marketing, training and support initiatives.
Before LIM, Koziarz was an account manager at Realtime Systems Group (RTS), specializing in all asset classes of electronic option market making, trading and risk management. 
[[
Koziarz began his career on the trading floor]] at the Chicago Board Options Exchange where he specialized in the trading and pricing of equity and index options. He expanded his trading operations electronically when the CBOE adopted the CBOE Hybrid electronic system.
== Education ==
Koziarz received degrees from Indiana University and Salzburg College.
== Resources ==
*Gene Koziarz LinkedIn Profile
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Gene Orr

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Gene Orr is the president and CEO of Straits Financial LLC, USA. He was promoted to that role in September 2020. He will lead the group’s US business interests together with Paul Fry, COO and senior executive vice president.
He was previously managing director, Straits Group.
Orr has more than 27 years of financial industry experience in the futures industry as well as in asset management and the banking industry. He has held senior positions at leading global financial institutions such as Citigroup Global Markets, HSBC, Cargill Investor Services and Refco Inc.
== Background ==
Before joining Straits Financial Group in 2017, he served as CEO of AQG Capital Management, now known as KB Asset Management in Singapore. 
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:Citigroup - Former Employees
Category:Cargill Investor Services - Former Employees
Category:Refco - Former Employees
General Arrangements To Borrow

General Arrangements To Borrow is one of two supplementary borrowing arragements by which the International Monetary Fund (IMF) can get financing in addition to the quota subscriptions of its member countries. The other supplementary borrowing arrangement is the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB).
Through the GAB and NAB, a number of member countries and institutions stand ready to lend additional funds to the IMF.At its inception, amounts pledged under the GAB totaled $6 billion, of which the United States accounted for one-third. As of 1997, the GAB had a sum of about $27 billion. 
Some feel the formation of the GAB represented something of a victory for the European members, who after recovering from postwar devistation were anxious to assert themselves in international monetry affairs.
GAB needs the collective agreement of its members to be activated. A proposal for calls on the GAB by the IMF’s managing director can become effective only if it is accepted by the GAB participants, and the proposal is then approved by the board.
As of 1997, the GAB had been activitated nine times since its establishment in 1962. Activations included 1977, when the Fund borrowed for lending to the United Kingdom and Italy under stand-by credits, and in 1978 to finance a reserve tranch purchase by the United States.
== References ==
Category:Definitions
General Motors Acceptance Corporation

General Motors Acceptance Corporation, more commonly known as GMAC (GMAC LLC), is the financial affiliate of General Motors Corp.
It finances three-fourths of the inventory held by GM dealers. 
GMAC became a bank holding company in December 2008, in order to be eligible to receive funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). It received a $6 billion dollar bailout from the U.S. government later in December, using funds from TARP. Problems at the lender had forced it to reduce financing for dealerships and consumer purchases of new GM cars and trucks. 
== References ==