nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Heteronormativity

Heteronormativity refers to the establishment of heterosexuality and traditional gender roles as the norm in society. In other words, it assumes that "normal" people are by default straight and everyone else is willfully deviantJust like how white people aren't white, they're normal, right? or in self-denial. This can lead to the marginalization of and prejudice against those in the LGBTQIA+ community, kinky folk, or anyone else who does not identify with traditional sexual identities or gender expression, including straight people who do not follow old-fashioned gender roles in their relationships. The term was coined by social critic Michael Warner in 1991.
Good allies reject heteronormativity.
Bad allies and enemies think "normal" is a much better label than "straight," and go on to say that tolerance is much easier when you don't have to think about it. (Bad allies say things like "thinky" is hard and argue for trans*-exclusion.)
A related term is cisnormativity, which assumes that everyone is cisgender in the natural order; this can lead towards the marginalization of transgender and non-binary people.
==See also==
*Gender binary
*Homophobia
*Privilege
==External links==
*"Heteronormativity". International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.
==Notes==
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Homosexuality
Category:Gender
Category:Social justice
Heterosexuality

Heterosexuality (from Greek hetero, meaning “different” + sexuality) describes a state whereby an individual is primarily attracted to members of one or more sexes and/or genders that are not their own, and not attracted to sexes and/or genders that are their own. Statistically, the vast majority of human beings at any one point in history are heterosexual.
A slang term, generally but not exclusively used by homosexuals to refer to heterosexuals is 'breeders'. Heterosexuals can also be described as 'straight', and, by small-minded bigots, as 'normal'.
==Causes of heterosexuality==
Heterosexuality is caused by the exact same things that cause any other sexuality, and heterosexuals are just as powerless to change who they are as anyone else is.
Were we inclined to mirror right-wing discourse on homosexuality, we might say something like, 'The causes of heterosexuality are to date largely unknown. Some have argued that so-called 'straight' people were born that way, whereas other posit that heterosexuality is a choice. Furthermore, some scientists argue that heterosexuality is a result of a variety of factors, both biological and environmental.' but of course this is dehumanizing and laughably ignorant, just like it is when they do it (and they do it a lot more).
==Implications of heterosexuality==
It is notable that heterosexual partnerships constitute the single largest amount of divorces nationwide, along with rapes and incidents of domestic violence, though this largely stems from there simply being more heterosexual people than homosexual, bisexual, asexual, or pansexual people. Once you adjust for differences in population size, relations of any orientation are approximately as stable as any other - but that makes for less inflammatory discourse than simply baiting people with "most relationship problems happen in straight relationships!", which is technically correct, if misleading.
It is common for people to say that a world without straight people would swiftly see humanity go extinct, and by extension, that heterosexuality is what keeps humanity going. Strictly speaking, this is not correct, at least in the modern age, as sperm banks and artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization all allow for impregnation without heterosexual intercourse - though it would be impractical to suggest that such measures could be applied to every human being on earth right now, as the technology simply is not universally available. Some sort of force preventing heterosexual intercourse would lead to a rapid and drastic population decline, though the aforementioned measures would keep our species from total extinction.
==Gallery==
File:Vlajka heterosexuálů.png|Proposed flag to symbolize heterosexuality
File:Straightallylgbtflag.gif|Proposed straight ally flag for heterosexuals who support LGBT rights
File:Bandera heterosexual.PNG|Alternative proposed flag for heterosexuality
File:Hetero Flag.png|Alternative proposed flag for heterosexuality
==See also==
*Sexual intercourse
*Homosexuality
*Bisexuality
*Pansexuality
*Asexuality
*Heteronormativity
*Cunt
*Dick
*Kinsey scale
==Notes==
Heuristic

A heuristic is a technique, process, or method for finding a solution to a given problem, or finding an explanation for a given set of circumstances. Typical heuristics are "trial and error", "educated guesses", and "rules of thumb". In science, the heuristic known as Occam's razor is often employed to interpret the merit of hypotheses.
The word derives from the Latin heuristicus, which is derived from the Ancient Greek "Εὑρίσκω", meaning "to find" or "to discover". Despite the fancy origins, the word itself was only coined in the mid-19th century. However, heuristics themselves have been around for a very long time, probably since the emergence of the capacity for abstract thought. The ability to use heuristics is one of the (many) defining features of sentience.
Heuristics are techniques which have been shown experientially to be superior to non-heuristic techniques (such as random guessing or considering every possibility). However, it is important to note that employing a heuristic is no guarantee of success for solving a problem or finding the truth of a situation.
Category:Logic
Hierarchy of disagreement

The hierarchy of disagreement is a concept proposed by computer scientist in his 2008 essay How to Disagree.How to Disagree Graham's hierarchy has seven levels, from to "Refuting the central point". The point of the concept is to help people make better arguments for their beliefs, as well as have more constructive disagreements with those whose views come into conflict with theirs. Preferably, one's argument should be as high on the pyramid as possible while still being intelligible, as arguments of this nature are stronger. 
Note that the bottom four layers on the pyramid are fallacious arguments, so it is best to avoid these entirely. Nevertheless, there isn't always a clear point where one step on the hierarchy crosses over into another (though that doesn't mean that there is no difference between the states). Also, the tone argument may be valid in cases where tone is relevant to the discussion.
==Levels on the hierarchy==
===DH6: Refuting the central point===
The most convincing form of disagreement. Here, you identify the main point someone is making and destroy it. The difference between this and DH5 (Refutation) is that there's no room for error — you pick the central message being conveyed by the opponent and suggest why it is flawed. It could be considered a subset of DH5 rather than a completely different level on the pyramid, as structure-wise they are identical.
===DH5: Refutation=== 
Use their own words against them! Take the argument provided by the opponent and show how it is wrong using quotes extracted from it. This takes more work than calling someone the r-word, but that's because it's a better form of debate. Of course, while refutation is solid, it's still prone to error — for example, contextomy or hair splitting.
===DH4: Counterargument===
Rather than simply stating the opposite case, do so while backing it up with reason and evidence. So in response to "We should do X", you'd say "We should not do X because Y" instead of just "We should not do X".
===DH3: Contradiction===
Making it known you disagree by reversing whatever the opposing speaker said. And that's all she wrote! Also applies to the appeal to the stone.
(Note: some points or arguments are so insipid that they don't deserve a reply higher than this unless you really have the patience).
===DH2: Responding to tone===
Complaining about the way that someone said something, rather than what was actually said. Note that while tone arguments are a form of ignoratio elenchi, or the style over substance fallacy, they could be relevant in select cases where rhetoric is being discussed. Also, the term tone policing is autological, so you run the risk of hypocrisy in calling someone out for doing this.
===DH1: Ad Hominem===
You're familiar with this, and it comes in many guises — associative, ad fidentia (or confidence attack), abusive, circumstantial, and hypocritical. Effectively attacking the authority of the speaker instead of the argument.
===DH0: Name-calling===
The crutch of edgy 4chan kids and high school bullies alike. Simply insulting someone just isn't an argument.
==References==
Category:Logic
High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (français)

Le High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program est un projet de recherche conçu pour étudier la ionosphère de la Terre et son impact sur les communications. HAARP est essentiellement un énorme générateur d'ondes radios ELF financé par le Département de la Défense américain et l'Université d'Alaska. Il fut lancé en 1993 et devrait durer au moins vingt ans.
Certains scientifiques ont critiqué HAARP, craignant qu'un appareil similaire mais utilisant plus d'énergie pourrait être utilisé comme arme et que le véritable but de l'expérience n'a pas été révélé. Il a également été considéré comme un gâchis d'argent, son coût total ayant largement dépassé son budget initial. Principalement, HAARP est une cible populaire des conspirationnistes, qui croient que les ondes ELF peuvent être utilisées pour le contrôle mental ou météorologique -on l'a même accusé d'être responsable des tremblements de terre chinois (2008), haïtien (2011) et japonais (mars 2011).
Son attraction pour les conspirationnistes, son budget énorme et sa nature le rendent similaire au Large Hadron Collider.
==Voir aussi==
===Versions en autres langues===
==Liens externes==
*Article Wikipédia
*Site web officiel (University of Alaska)
*HAARP conspiracy homepage
*HAARP Myths, épisode #122 des Skeptoid, consacré aux mythes de HAARP
Category:français
Category:Théories du complot
Category:Science
Higher Power

Higher Power is a euphemism for God, the supernatural, or the godhead.
The term was first coined by Bill Wilson, the spiritualist founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and features heavily in AA's sobriety program.
Although a former governor of Oklahoma once claimed that a Higher Power could be something as corporeal as a tree and members of AA cite other Higher Powers such as doorknobs, closet doors, and toilet seats, numerous U.S. court rulings have held that "Higher Power" is definitely a religious term referring to a supernatural entity, and thus it is unconstitutional to force convicts to attend AA meetings.http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/jn.html
In this vein, "Higher Power" sees use as a code word by Christians who are trying to be "inclusive" or deceptive and thus refrain from saying which Higher Power they mean;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/01/20080129-1.htmlhttp://godisnot3guyscom-jeanette.blogspot.com/2008/12/christmas-message.htmlhttp://www.christianpost.com/Life/Health/2008/10/researchers-do-higher-power-relationships-lead-to-or-out-of-depression-31/index.htmlhttp://higherpowerprayer.com/ however, although these people may sing the praises of "a relationship with a Higher Power", they are not exceedingly enthusiastic about relationships with a certain other Higher Power.
For additional vagueness or casual convenience, one can abbreviate "Higher Power" as "HP".
A Young Person's Guide to the Twelve Steps, page 101
==See also==
*Spiritual but not religious
*Spirituality
==References==
Category:Euphemisms
Category:Religious terms
Category:deities
Hildegardian medicine

Hildegardian medicine is a system of humoristic alternative medicine created by St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179). It is mostly based on visions Hildegard received from God.Medical Miracle Worker, Chicago Tribune, March 01, 2000, Janet Kinosian. Hildegardian medicine is quite obscure and currently practiced only by some hundred alternative medicine practitioners, mostly in Germany and Switzerland, with less than ten in France.St Hildegard's Medicine, Sebastian Liew Centre.Praxis Professor Schulte-UebbingHildegard Medicine, Alternativz.co.
Hildegardian medicine focuses on making sure the humors are balanced through diet, herbal remedies (such as the carcinogenic birthworts),Aristolochia clematitis, Vogel. jewel therapy, detoxifying measures such as bloodletting (which is sometimes to be done before a full moon),Hildegard of Bingen Bloodletting and Theories of Cancer Metastasis, Ingrid Naiman. cupping, fasting, saunas, and hot and cold showers.Hildegard medicine, NATURAL HEALING GUIDE. Strawberries, prunes, and leeks are considered toxic.La médecine de sainte Hildegarde, Marie de Nazareth. Jewels (such as diamonds) can be placed on the skin or into water, which is to be drunk; this is supposed to be good for things like loss of vision, epilepsy, and heart pain.
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Hilton Ratcliffe

Hilton Ratcliffe is a South African astrophysicist and mathematician. He holds a number of unorthodox views which are at odds with current mainstream science, though he claims reception of his work has been largely positive.http://www.hiltonratcliffe.com/article006.htm 
According to his website, he has 'garnered a great deal of respect amongst the global scientific community for his strictly classical approach to space science'. By his own words, he bases everything he does on observation rather than 'esoteric' theories.About Hilton Ratcliffe: Wanderer at the Frontier He is a denier of anthropogenic global warmingSee the "Climate" category on his blog and has written a book in support of a static (non-expanding) universe, which is generally considered to be an obsolete theory among the scientific community. 
Ratcliffe makes much of his friendship with Patrick Moore who did, indeed, write the foreward to The Static Universe, going as far as to call it a "collaboration".http://www.hiltonratcliffe.com/Static.htm However, this appeal to authority falls a trifle flat when it is noted that Moore, in the foreword, is careful to distance himself from Ratcliffe's claims, noting only that "It is easy to see that a tremendous amount of research has gone into the book" and "before rejecting them the reader must surely examine them very carefully indeed."http://www.hiltonratcliffe.com/TSU%20book%20reviews.htm
==Books==
*The Virtue of Heresy: Confessions of a Dissident Astronomer (2008), ISBN 978-1419695568
*The Static Universe: Exploding the Myth of Cosmic Expansion (2010), ISBN 978-0986492624
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Living people
Himmler on the execution of Jews

In 1943, Heinrich Himmler, leader of the SS, spoke openly about the extermination of the Jewish people, as well as the equivocation used to cover it up, during a speech to SS Officers. An audio recording, as well as a transcription of the original German, is available.Himmler's Final Solution Speech by Heinrich Himmler, Archive.org.Heinrich Himmler's Speech at Poznan (Posen) The Holocaust History Project.
The National Archives explains why this speech was recorded:
Two days later, Himmler said:
==External links==
*
==References==
Category:Documents
Category:European history
Category:Holocaust denial
Category:Nazism
Hindsight bias

Hindsight bias is the effect whereby people think that past events were predictable, or at least more predictable than they actually were. This is because after an event, the probability of it happening is, naturally, 100%. The bias arises because people ignore the things that didn't happen or the things that didn't cause the event — known as the "availability heuristic". This allows people to point to specific causes of an event (such as a catastrophe) and ask, "Why wasn't something done about it?"
==Examples==
Numerous cases of hindsight bias can illustrate the phenomenon, but the in 1986 and the 9/11 attacks of 2001 provide well-known examples:
*In the case of the space shuttle, investigators attributed the failure of the vehicle to a faulty rubber "O-ring" on one of the shuttle's solid-fuel boosters.The manufacturers would say, with some justification, that the O-ring was not faulty as such, but that it was used in weather that was outside the declared temperature range of the equipment. It was not intended to be used at freezing temperatures. Which don't usually occur in Southern Florida. Usually. After the tragedy, inquiry found that this fault was reported as a potential problem, but ignored. Those affected by hindsight bias view this as practically criminal, as the fault was known long before the event, but they completely ignore the hundreds, if not thousands, of other reports that had the same probability of causing the destruction of the shuttle. 
*In relation to the attacks on the World Trade Center, several reports of "something big" were milling around intelligence agencies; however, prior to the attack itself there were many reports of "something big", many of which led to nothing.
Any assessment of how people react to information or intelligence regarding a potential event should be done without the benefit of the knowledge that the event actually happened.
Hindsight bias with events such as these makes it easy to formulate conspiracy theories by claiming that because a government "knew in advance" of an attack or similar, "they" let it happen. In reality, "they" didn't really "know in advance" at all, as the probability of something happening was low.
==See also==
*Selective reporting
*Texas sharpshooter fallacy - using the same data to form and prove a hypothesis
*Improbable things happen
==External links==
*
*
==Notes==
Category:Cognitive biases
Category:Informal fallacies
Hindu University of America

Hindu University of America (HUA, also known as International Vedic Hindu University) is an unaccredited pseudoscience-promoting organization and diploma mill based in Orlando, Florida.
The organization was established on October 24, 1993. According to its website, it was established "as an institution institute of higher education under the authorization granted by the State of Florida Commission for Independent Education".About Us, Hindu University of America
HUA was operating from temporary offices in Orlando and Tarpon Springs. In 2000, it acquired a 9.7 acre land with two buildings in Orlando. This address became the permanent address of this organization. Edith and Robert Grimm, described as "freindly neighbours" by the organization's website, donated 2.5 acres of land.
It lists American College of Vedic Astrology and California College of Ayurveda as "collaborating institutions in the special areas of Hindu studies".
In 2009, Mahesh Mehta, president of the HUA, claimed that his organization had more than 8000 students learning in its campus and online courses. According to him, more than 90% of the students were non-Indians. He said his organization was offering Masters and PhD courses in Hindu philosophy, Sanskrit, yoga, meditation, ayurveda, medicinal chemistry and jyotish (astrology).Prez of US vedic univ visits BHU Times of India
HUA has links with Hindutva organizations in the United States and in India.Hindu Nationalism in the United States p.23
==Degrees offered==
It offers master's degrees on the following topics:http://wp.hua.edu/academics/degrees
*Yoga Education
*Yoga Philosophy & Meditation
*Ayurveda
*Hinduism
*Hindu Philosophies
*Vedic Astrology
*Sri Aurobindo Studies
*Master of Divinity (Hindu Priest Training)
==Accreditation==
Up until 2016, HUA stated that it "has been awarded full accreditation by the National Private Schools Accreditation Alliance (NPSAA)."Accreditations Hindu University of America (archived from May 12, 2016). The NPSAA is also known as the National Private Schools Accreditation Group (NPSAG) and is an accreditation mill, a bogus organization created for the sole purpose of pretending to be a recognized accreditor.National Private Schools Accreditation Group: "NPSAG accreditation is a voluntary peer-review process which allows schools and colleges to demonstrate the integrity and quality of their education programs."NPSAG's Application for accreditation contains a Word document behind a link for Application for "Fast Track" Accreditation which states outright that NPSAG has"[...] no pre-conceived notions which would limit your formula for success, nor do we expect you to meet any pre-conceived rigid set of standards."
As of 2017, their website says that "HUA currently does not have accreditation status."Source: http://wp.hua.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Catalog-2016.pdf 
==External links==
*Official website
*Another website for HUA South Florida
==References==
Category:Diploma mills
Category:Florida
Hippocrates Health Institute

The Hippocrates Health Institute is a self-styled "leader" in the field of "natural & alternative health care" based in Florida. Mostly, though, it's a spa, offering massages, facial treatments, and fitness therapy, as well as such enticements as wheatgrass scalp treatment and colon hydrotherapy.Explore Experiences. Hippocrates. It also sells essential oils and EMF protection gear, as well as a variety of nutritional supplements.Store. Hippocrates. More recently, they have sold a combination of homeopathic formulas and dietary supplements claimed "to help combat both the effects of Covid-19, and to Detox after taking the Vaccination".Detox-19 Kit. Hippocrates.
==Cancer death==
A young girl who was undergoing "treatment" at the institute had parents who refused chemotherapy and surgery for her condition. She died in January, 2015. As a result, the director of the institute, a naturopath, was ordered to stop practicing medicine.CBC News Brian Clement, Hippocrates Health Institute head, ordered to stop practising medicine The order was later rescinded because the prosecutor's office deemed there to be insufficient evidence to pursue a trial.Hippocrates Health Institute “cease and desist” is withdrawn (UPDATE)
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Category:Florida
Hippolyte Baraduc

Hippolyte Baraduc (1850–1909) was a French physician and parapsychologist. He is most notable for his claim that a misty form leaves the human body at the moment of death which he believed was evidence for the soul.
==Soul==
According to Baraduc, at the moment of death a misty form will leave the body, taking a vague shape and then disappearing. Baraduc believed the misty form to be the departing soul.
Baraduc's wife Nadine became ill in 1907. He set up photographic material at his wife's bedside where he waited with her to pass away. Just after her death he had taken a photograph which revealed three misty forms floating above Nadine. Baraduc took another photograph fifteen minutes later and the three misty forms had formed together into a large luminous white ball. Baraduc later claimed the ball floated away and disappeared.
Baraduc wrote that human thought, characteristics of the mind and the soul projects itself in a form into space. Even though Baraduc was certain he had photographed the soul, others have not been convinced. Some professional photographers have suggested that the effect observed in his photographs could have been caused by tiny pinholes in the bellows behind the lens of the camera.
==Published works==
*The Human Soul (1913)
*La Force Vitale, Notre Corps Vital, Fulidique, une Formule Barometrique (1905)
*Les Vibrations de la Vitalité Humaine (1904)
*Note Sommaire sur la Décondensation Cérébrale (1901)
*Méthode de Radiographie Humaine (1897)
*Photographie des Etats Hypervibratoires de la Vitalité Humaine (1897)
*Iconographie de la Force Vitale Cosmique Od (1896)
==References==
*Marina Warner Phantasmagoria: Spirit Visions, Metaphors, and Media into the Twenty-first Century Oxford University Press, 2008 ISBN 0199239231
Category:Authors
Category:Paranormal