nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Cabretta leather

== Description ==
A sheepskin leather prepared from sheep that grow straight hair instead of curly wool. Hair sheep, though classified as sheep, visually resemble goats. Their hair is coarse and short and most nourishment goes into their skin. Hair sheep are found in the mountainous regions of India, China, South America, and Africa. Cabretta leather produced from hair sheep is very soft, close-fibered, and kid-like. It is used for making gloves, shoe uppers, and garments. The term cabretta has also been used for any leather made from Brazilian sheep.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cabrito; piel de cabra (Esp.); cabritilla (Esp.); cuir de chèvre (Fr.);
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 784
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Howard L. Needles, Handbook of Textile Fibers, Dyes & Finishes, Garland Publishing Co., New York, 1981
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website address 1 Comment: American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Cachalot

== Description ==
1) A large toothed whale, also known as the sperm whale. Teeth from the cachalot have been used to make small objects, buttons, and jewelry (Kuhn 1986). Cachalot whale oil, or spermaceti, was popular for candles because it burned cleanly and did not soften in the summer months. 
2) A brand name for a cachalot substitute wax made from stearic acid and stearin. Stearic acid and stearin were reined from tallow using alkali and sulfuric acid baths to remove the animal proteins.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sperm whale; cachelot
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 859
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cachou

== Description ==
1) See Cutch. 
2) A clove-like breath mint.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cacotheline

== Description ==
Yellow crystals that are used as a colorimetric reagent for the detection of tin (Odegaard et al 2000). The nitrate salt of cacotheline reacts with tin (II) to form a purple precipitate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cacotheline nitrate
==Risks==
* CDH Fine Chemicals: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	C21H21N3O7
CAS 	561-20-6
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 427.4
==Resources and Citations==
* The Merck Index, Susan Budavari (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 12th Edition, 1996 Comment: entry 1576
* N.Odegaard, S.Carroll, W.Zimmt, Material Characterization Tests for Objects of Art and Archaeology, Archetype Publications, London, 2000
Category:Materials database
CadPak barrier film

==Description== 
-in progress-
[Cadillac Products Packaging Company] Multi-layer flexible film structures Super Heavy Duty Barrier Packaging: Watervaporproof, Greaseproof, Flexible, Heat-Sealable. Strong foil barrier material used where very low oxygen and moisture levels are required
==Table==
Tradenames 	DescriptionComposition layers 	Thickness (mils)	Water-vapor transmissiongm/m2 per 24 hours	Oxygen transmission cc/m2 per 24 hours	Recorded testsBrand name: number(dates)See note below.	Data sheet link
Cadpak P-50 	Light duty Foil Barrier film for very low oxygen and moisture levelsBiax/Aluminum foil/Polyethylene/LLDPE 	3.2 Mils 	0.0005 (90% RH, 40°C) 	0.0005 	* n/a 	cadpak-P
Cadpak N 	Strong foil barrier material for very low oxygen and moisture levels Biax Nylon/Polyethylene/Aluminum foil/Polyethylene 	4.2 Mils 	0.0005 (90% RH, 40°C) 	0.0005 	* Cad Pak N: 1 (2019) 	Cadpak-N
Cadpak HD-100	Heavy duty, flexible, water vaporproof, heat sealable barrier filmBiax Nylon/Polyethylene/Aluminum foil/Polyethylene/Heavy Duty Coex 	7.9 Mils 	0.0005 (90% RH, 40°C) 	0.0005 	* Cadpak Hd100: 1 (2018)* Cepac Hd100: 3 (2015) 	HD-100
Cadpak HD-200	Super heavy duty, flexible, water vaporproof, heat sealable barrier filmBiax Nylon/Polyethylene/Cross-lam PE/Polyethylene/Aluminum foil/Heavy Duty GreenCoex	10.3 Mils 	0.0005 (90% RH, 40°C) 	0.0005 	* Cadpak Hd200: 1 (2018) 	HD-200
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cadpak; Cepac (Goodwin Robbins); CPac (Crescent Products); C-pac
==Applications== 
==Risks== 
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
==Working Properties==
==Forms and Sizes==
==Resources and Citations==
* Cadillac Products Packaging Company: Home
* Military Bags: Cadpak N
* Military Bags: Cadpak P
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWG
Cadillo

== Description ==
A soft bast fiber obtained from the inner bark of the cadillo plant stalks, Urena lobata. Cadillo fibers are fine in texture and a pale yellow color. They are used for cloth and ropes. This invasive plant was classified as a noxious weed in the U.S. in 1999.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aramina (Brazil); malva blanca (Cuba); guaxima; uaixyma ; Urena lobata
== Risks ==
* Deteriorates in salt water.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Fiber length 3-8 inches (7.5-20 cm)
==Resources and Citations==
* Fairchild's Dictionary of Textiles, Phyllis G.Tortora, Robert S. Merkel (eds.), Fairchild Publications, New York City, 7th edition, 1996
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* USDA PLANT database at plants.usda.gov - gives plant as noxious weed
Category:Materials database
Cadmium

== Description ==
A soft, blue-white metallic element. Cadmium has an abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the earth's crust. It primarily occurs as cadmium sulfide (greenockite) or cadmium carbonate (otavite) in ores rich in zinc, copper, or lead. The silvery metal was first isolated by Fredrich Stromeyer, a German chemist in 1817. Metallic cadmium is ductile and can be cut with a knife or rolled into a thin sheet. It slowly oxidizes in moist air to form cadmium oxide. Cadmium is used in soft solder alloys, in incandescent light filaments, and in nickel-cadmium batteries. It is also electroplated on iron and steel as a corrosion resistant coating. Cadmium salts have been used as [[cadmium red|red], orange, and yellow pigments in ceramic glazes and paints. Additionally cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used as infrared transparent plates for infrared analysis.
Cadmium is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Cd; cadmia (Lat.); cadmio (It., Esp.); Cádmio (Port.); Kadmio (Sven.); Kadmium (Deut.)
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Metal and salts are highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Carcinogen associated with lung cancer. 
* Acute and long-term exposures can lead to lung and kidney damage, bone loss, and hypertension
* Teck.com: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Reacts with acids. Insoluble in water and alkalis.
Composition 	Cd (atomic no. 48)
CAS 	7440-43-9
Mohs Hardness 	2.0
Melting Point 	320.9 C
Density 	8.462 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 112.41
Refractive Index	1.13
Boiling Point 	765-767 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Web Elements: Website
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Robert L. Wolke, p. 120
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry # 1583
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 135
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Cadmium barium red

== Description ==
A red cadmium pigment co-precipitated on barium sulfate. Also called cadmium lithopone reds, these pigments were first used in 1926. Cadmium barium red is a permanent color that has poorer hiding power and lower tinting strength than pure cadmium red pigment. 
See cadmium sulfide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cadmium red lithopone (AAT); Pigment Red 108:1; CI 77202:1; rosso di cadmio e bario (It.); vermelho de cádmio e bário (Port.)cadmium lithopone red; cadmopone
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Cadmium Barium red (Forbes MFA 172), 785nm resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|PIG172.jpg~XRD|f172sem.jpg~SEM|f172edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide14 FC172.PNG~XRF]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion. 
* Carcinogen.
* Gamblin Colors: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Composition = CdS, CdSe
==Resources and Citations==
* I. Fiedler , M. Bayard, "Cadmium yellows, oranges and reds", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cadmium barium yellow

== Description ==
A yellow cadmium pigment co-precipitated on barium sulfate. Also called cadmium lithopone yellows, these pigments were first used in 1926. Cadmium barium yellow is a permanent color that has poorer hiding power and lower tinting strength than pure cadmium yellow pigment. 
See cadmium sulfide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pigment Yellow 35; giallo di cadmio e bario (It.); amarelo de cádmio e bário (Port.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cdbayellow632.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
* Gamblin Colors: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
Category:Materials database
Cadmium green

== Description ==
1) A commercial green colorant that is usually prepared by mixing cadmium yellow with chromium oxide (viridian). 
2) An alternative combination green color sold under this name in Britain contained a mixture of cadmium yellow and phthalocyanine green. In the United States, this mixture was sold under the name permanent green.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
permanent green; verde de cadmio (Esp.); vert de cadmium (Fr.); verde bario (It.); verde de cádmio (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
* Kremer Pigmente: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: p. 100
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cadmium oxide

== Description ==
A dark, brown, crystalline powder. Cadmium oxide is used as a pigment in phosphors, glass, and ceramic glazes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
anhydrous cadmium oxide
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion or inhalation. 
* Suspected carcinogen. 
* Decomposes with heat to produce toxic fumes. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in dilute acids, ammonium hydroxide. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	CdO
CAS 	1306-19-0
Melting Point 	900-1000 C (dec)
Density 	8.15 g/ml(crystals)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 128.4
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1593
Category:Materials database
Cadmium red

== Description ==
A permanent, deep red pigment composed of cadmium sulfoselenide. Pure cadmium sulfoselenide was patented in Germany in 1892 and first sold as a pigment (C.P.) in artist paints in 1907. Variations in the proportions of the cadmium and selenide produce as range of colors from orange to dark maroon. In 1926, cadmium reds were co-precipitated with barium sulfate to form less expensive cadmium lithopone pigments. 
See also cadmium sulfide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cadmium sulfide; cadmium sulfoselenide; Pigment Red 108; CI 77196; rouge de cadmium (Fr.); Kadmiumrot (Deut.); rojo de cadmio (Esp.); kokkino toy kadmioy (Gr.); rosso cadmio (It.); cadmiumrood (Ned.); vermelho de cádmio (Port.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Cadmium (Forbes MFA 318) resize.tif~Raman (MFA)|PIG181.jpg~XRD|f181sem.jpg~SEM|f191edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide15 FC181.PNG~XRF]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion. 
* Carcinogen. 
* May react with copper compounds and turn black.
* Gamblin Colors: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Tiny red particles less than 1 micrometer in diameter; deep red in transmitted light
Composition	CdS, CdSe
==Resources and Citations==
* I. Fiedler, M. Bayard, "Cadmium yellows, oranges and reds", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigments'
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cadmium vermilion red

== Description ==
A bright red pigment synthetically prepared by the co-precipitation of cadmium sulfide and mercury sulfide. Variations in the cadmium and mercury ratios produce a color range from deep orange to maroon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pigment Red 113; CI 77201; vermiglione rosso cadmio (It.)
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation and ingestion. 
* Carcinogen.
* Kremer Pigmente: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* I. Fiedler, M. Bayard, "Cadmium yellows, oranges and reds", Artists Pigments , Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
Category:Materials database
Cadmium yellow

== Description ==
A permanent, yellow pigment composed of cadmium sulfide. Cadmium yellows were synthetically prepared in Germany by Friedrich Strohmeyer in 1817. The bright yellow pigments slowly began to be used as artist paints in the mid 1840s, gaining in popularity in the early 20th century. Variations in particle size and chemical composition produce as range of colors from light yellow to orange. In the 1920s, the cadmium pigments were co-precipitated with barium sulfate to form the cheaper cadmium lithopone (cadmopone) pigments. Cadmium sulfide also occurs in minor amounts in the mineral greenockite.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cadmium sulfide; Pigment Yellow 37; CI 77191; Kadmiumgelb (Deut.); jaune de cadmium (Fr.); cadmium sulphide (Br.); giallo di cadmio (It.); amarillo de cadmio (Esp.); kitrino toy kadmioy (Gr.); cadmiumgeel (Ned.); amarelo de cádmio (Port.); cadmium lithopone; cadmopone; Aurora yellow; daffodil; radiant yellow; cadmia; Orient yellow; jaune brilliant; Cadmolith
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Cadmium yellow orange (Forbes MFA 209), 50X, 532 nm copy.jpg~Raman (MFA)|PIG315.jpg~XRD|f315sem.jpg~SEM|f315edsbw.jpg~EDS|Slide25 FC315.PNG~XRF]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Carcinogen.
* M.Graham and Co. Watercolor: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Cubic or hexagonal crystals. 
* Soluble in concentrated mineral acids with the evolution of H2S. Insoluble in water. 
* May fluoresce red. 
* The tiny yellow particles (about 1 micrometer) have a high refractive index.
Composition 	CdS
Density 	4.35 g/ml
Molecular Weight	144.48
Refractive Index	e=2.506, w=2.529
== Additional Images ==
File:14_Cadmium_yellow_500X.jpg|Cadmium yellow at 500x
File:14_Cadmium_yellow_500X_pol.jpg|Cadmium yellow at 500x in polarized light
==Resources and Citations==
* I. Fiedler, M. Bayard, "Cadmium yellows, oranges and reds", Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1986.
* Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: density = 4.35 and ref. index = 2.35-2.48
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Pigments Through the Ages: http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/technical/cdyellow.html - e=2.506, w=2.529
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: 'Pigments'
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cadmolith

== Description ==
[Millennium Chemicals, USA] A registered trademark for a series of cadmium red and yellow lithopone pigments. Cadmolith® colors are lightfast, non-bleeding and resistant to heat and chemicals. They are used in automotive finishes, textile coatings, printing inks, paints, and linoleum.
==Resources and Citations==
* Millenium Chemicals: Website
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 513
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Website: www.users.bigpond.com/jim.chambers/milenium.htm - formerly tradename used by Glidden
Category:Materials database
Cadmopone

== Description ==
Synthetic pigments prepared mixture of barium sulfate co-precipitated with cadmium sulfide. Also called cadmium barium red and cadmium barium yellow, these pigments were first used in 1926. Cadmopones provide a permanent color that has poorer hiding power and lower tinting strength than the pure cadmium sulfide pigments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cadmium lithopone
Category:Materials database
Caen stone

== Description ==
A soft, fine-grain, cream-color limestone quarried near Caen in France. Caen stone is easily carved and has been used for building interiors. Most notably it was used to build the old St. Paul's Cathedral in London in the late 11th century which was later replaced in the 17th century using Portland stone.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
kane stone; pierre de Caen (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Saint Paul's Cathedral." Accessed 2 Sept. 2004.
Category:Materials database
Caeruleum

== Description ==
Latin for sky-blue. The name caeruleum was first used for Egyptian blue. In the 19th century a synthetic sky-blue pigment composed of cobalt stannate was introduced first as caeruleum but was later changed to cerulean blue.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cerulean blue; azul cerúleo (Esp.); ceruleo (It.); azul cerúleo (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments"
Category:Materials database
Caesalpinia

== Description ==
Trees of the Caesalpinia genus, such as Brazilwood and divi-divi, that are native to tropical America and southeast Asia. Wood from the Caesalpinia trees is a deep red color. It is used for fine furniture and musical instruments. Red dyes are also extracted from the wood.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bois du Brésil (Fr.); bois de Pernambouc (Fr.); pernambouc (Fr.); poinciana; Brazilwood; divi-divi
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Caffeine

== Description ==
A bitter-tasting alkaloid compound that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. Caffeine acts as a mild stimulant when ingested. It is prepared synthetically from uric acid. Caffeine acts as a natural pesticide as it often paralyzes and kills insects upon ingestion.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
caffein; mateine; guaranine; Koffein (Dan., Deut., Nor., Sven.); Coffein (Dan., Deut.); cafeína (Esp.); teína (Esp.); caféine (Fr.); caffeina (It.); cafeïne (Ned.); coffeïne (Ned.); kofeina (Pol.); cafeína (Port.);
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiCAFFIENE.jpg~FTIR|Caffeinef5.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water (pH of 1% sollution = 6.9)
Composition 	C8H10N4O2
CAS 	58-08-2
Melting Point 	238 C
Density 	1.2 g/ml
Molecular Weight	194.19
Boiling Point 	178 C (sublimes)
== Risks ==
* Excessive use may cause restlessness, insomnia, tremors, headaches, irritability, and irregular heartbeat.
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Resources and Citations==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cairngorm

== Description ==
A transparent dark gray or brown quartz, usually called smoky quartz. Smoky quartz is found in Europe, Russia, and Sri Lanka. It is sometimes used as a gemstone.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
smoky quartz
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database