nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Sal soda

== Description ==
White, water-soluble crystals composed of sodium carbonate decahydrate. Sal soda, or washing soda, is used as a laundry soap and has a mild bleaching action of cotton and linen. It is also used as a water softener.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
soda; sodium carbonate decahydrate; washing soda; hydrated sodium carbonate; Nevite
== Risks ==
Inhalation and skin contact may cause irritation.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water; Aqueous solution is strongly alkaline. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	Na2CO3-10H2O
Melting Point	32.5-34.5 C
Density 	1.44-1.46 g/ml
Category:Materials database
Salamander Restorative

== Description ==
[Martin F Weber] A brand name for a mixture of natural resins and essential oils. Salamander was used to revive colors in oil paintings by reducing surface bloom. However, it primarily worked only by changing the refractive index of the surface layer.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
salamander oil
== Risks ==
* Flammable. 
* Ingestion is toxic. 
* Inhalation may be harmful.
* CPID Database: Health info
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Contains turpentine (64%)
==Resources and Citations==
* Reuels: www.reuels.com/reuels/product8134.html
* Dick Blick: http://www.dickblick.com/zz004/19/products.asp?param=0&ig_id=6290
* Weber Art: http://weberart.com/restorative-mediums.html
Category:Materials database
Salicylanilide

== Description ==
Odorless, white to brownish crystals. Salicylanilide is a condensation product of salicylic acid and aniline. It is used as a fungicide and antimildew agent (0.1% solution) in paper, waterlogged wood, and textiles (Caneva et al 1991).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2-hydroxy-n-phenylbenzamide; n-phenylsalicylamide; salinidol; Shirlan [ICI]
== Risks ==
* Skin contact and inhalation causes irritation. 
* Toxic by ingestion. 
* LD50 = 5000 mg/kg 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene. Slightly soluble in water.
Composition 	HOC6H4CONHC6H5
CAS 	87-17-2
Melting Point 	136-138 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 213.24.2
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8482
* G.Caneva, M.P.Nugari, O.Salvadori, Biology in the Conservation of Works of Art, ICCROM, Rome, 1991
Category:Materials database
Salicylic acid

== Description ==
A white crystalline powder. Salicylic acid occurs naturally in wintergreen leaves and the bark of sweet birch. It is prepared synthetically for used in the manufacture of aspirin and dyestuffs. Salicylic acid is also used as a preservative and fungicide in pastes.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|salicylic acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Keralyt; Occlusal; Verrugon; o-hydroxybenzoic acid
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Toxic by ingestion of large amounts. 
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in hot water, ethanol, acetone, ether.
* The fluorescence of salicylic acid changes with pH. It is colorless below pH=2.5 and blue fluorescent above 3.5.
Composition 	C6H4(OH)(COOH)
CAS 	69-72-7
Melting Point 	157-161 C
Density 	1.443 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 138.1
Boiling Point 	211 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 872
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8484
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: The fluorescence of salicylic acid changes with pH. It is colorless below pH=2.5 and blue fluorescent above 3.5.
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Saliva

== Description ==
A watery mucus secreted into vertebrate mouths by small glands in the interior of the cheeks, tongue, and palate. Saliva contains water, mucins, proteins, enzymes (amylase, ptyalin), and salts. It serves to moisten the mouth, remove food debris, and breakdown carbohydrates. Saliva has been used as a readily available cleaning agent since ancient times.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiSALIVA.jpg~FTIR]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Saliva is slightly alkaline. 
* Soluble in water and dilute alkaline solutions. Insoluble in acetic acid.
==Resources and Citations==
* P.M.S.Romao, A.M.Alarao, C.A.N.Viana, "Human saliva as a cleaning agent for dirty surfaces" Studies in Conservation Vol 35 (3):153-155, 1990.
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "saliva" [Accessed April 26, 2002]
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Salmon brick

== Description ==
A soft, burned brick with a light peachy color. Salmon brick has poor weather resistance and is typically used for building interiors (Bucher 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
samel brick; sandel brick; soft brick; place brick; pale brick
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Salmon skin

== Description ==
Processed skin from salmon, species Oncorhynchus, native to the northern Pacific regions. Salmon skins were used for clothing, footwear, and waterproof covers for windows, boats, and sleds (Kite 1999). The skins were probably prepared by oil tanning using brains and fish eggs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
fish skin; pele de salmão (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* M.Kite, "The Conservation of a 19th Century Salmon Skin Coat" in ICOM Preprints, Lyon, 1999. p.691-696.
Category:Materials database
Salt

== Description ==
1) Common name for sodium chloride. 
2) Any compound formed by a pair of positive and negative ions. In solid form, salts are usually crystalline. They typically dissolve in water. Aqueous solutions of salts are called electrolytes and can conduct electricity.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1) sodium chloride, common salt; rock salt 
2) salts (pl.); Salze (Deut.); sel (Fr.); sal (Esp., Port.); sale (It.); zouten (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 685
* Richard C. Wolbers, Nanette T. Sterman, Chris Stavroudis, Notes for Workshop on New Methods in the Cleaning of Paintings, J.Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt (accessed June 1, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Salt cake

== Description ==
An impure block of sodium sulfate. Salt cakes are used in making in paper pulp, detergents, soda glass, ceramic glazes and dyes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sodium sulfate
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 785
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Salt glaze

== Description ==
A glassy ceramic glaze with a pebbly texture. First made as early as the 12th century in Holland and Germany, salt glazes are produced by a vapor-phase formation of sodium silicate on the clay surface. An unglazed vessel is placed in the kiln and heated to the optimum temperature (about 1200-1250C), then common salt (sodium chloride) is thrown into the fire. The salt vaporizes and reacts with steam to produce sodium oxide which then reacts with the silica in the clay body to form sodium silicate. Salt glazes are very hard and durable. They have been used on stoneware crocks, masonry units, and terracotta sewer pipes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
salt-glaze; demi-émaillage (Fr.); vidrado salino (Port.)
== Risks ==
* Hydrochloric acid is a by-product of the reaction.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Colors can be produced by adding iron oxide (brown), cobalt oxide (blue), or manganese oxide (purple).
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "salt glaze." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service 4 Feb. 2005 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Salt sprout

== Description ==
The formation of salt crystal on the surface of a hide or skin. Salt sprout occurs when pickled skins dry out. It can cause damage to the grain surface (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
eflorescencias salinas (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
Category:Materials database
Salted paper

== Description ==
A type of photographic printing out paper. Developed by William Henry Fox Talbot, salted paper was prepared by directly soaking paper in a solution of table salt then treating it with silver nitrate. By 1841, salted paper was made with a thin salt-filled gelatin coating that was dried then treated with silver nitrate to form a photosensitive silver halide compound. Gelatin was most commonly used as a binder, but other materials such as albumen, arrowroot starch, agar-agar, and starch were also used. The image was produced by exposing the paper to the sun through a negative then fixed with potassium bromide or sodium thiosulfate solutions. By the 1860s, salted paper was replaced in popular use by albumen paper.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|salt print sample 16 site2.jpg~SEM|salt print sample 16 site2 spectra view.jpg~Sample locations|salt print sample 16 site2 spectra 1-2.jpg~EDS Spectra]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
salt print; salted-paper; plain salted paper; papier salé (Fr.)
== Additional Images ==
File:Salt Print Sample 16 200x Refl.jpg|Salt print sample cross-section at 200x in reflected light
File:Salt Print Sample 16 200x UV.jpg|Salt print sample cross-section at 200x in UV light
File:Man_Salt.print_overall.jpg|Salt print of man
File:Man_salt_18.jpg|Salt print of man; expanded view
==Resources and Citations==
* James M. Reilly, Albumen & Salted Paper Book: The history and practice of photographic printing, 1840-1895, Light Impressions Corp., Rochester, NY, 1980 Comment: see chapter at http://albumen.stanford.edu/library/monographs/reilly/chap11.html
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992 Comment: one of the earliest photographic printing process introduced in 1841
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Luis Nadeau, Encyclopedia of Printing, Photographic, and Photomechanical Processes, Atelier, New Brunswick, 1997
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
Category:Materials database
Saltpeter

== Description ==
A common name for potassium nitrate. Saltpeter, or niter, can form as efflorescence on rocks and masonry. It is used in the manufacture of glass, frits, explosives, and gunpowder. Sodium nitrate was called Chile niter, and Chile saltpeter. Norway saltpeter is calcium nitrate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
salt peter; saltpetre; potassium nitrate; niter; nitre; Chile niter; Chile salt petre; Norway saltpeter; Norwegian saltpetre
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in water
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981 Comment: p. 632
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltpeter (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Salts of tartar

== Description ==
An obsolete name for acid potassium tartrate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
salts of wormwood; acid potassium tartrate
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Saltwiki

= Saltwiki =
The Saltwiki consist of two Wikis with articles on salt-based damages and related conservation methods in English (www.saltwiki.net) and in German (www.salzwiki.de). It is written by registered specialists and constantly improved by all users via the discussion pages. Another part of the Saltwiki is the multilingual repository providing access to chemical and physical constants, articles, scientific data. as well as graphics, photos, short videos of salts and salt damages to cultural heritage. This part is restricted to registered authors and experts. Saltwiki is managed editorially by an independent board and developed and supported by the Hornemann Institute.
Web Address 	http://www.saltwiki.net/
http://www.salzwiki.de/
Contact 	hans-juergen.schwarz@ri-con.de
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Glossary
Bibliographic information
Website Languages 	English
German
Category:Directory
Samarium

== Description ==
A yellowish-gray rare earth metallic element. Samarium was first identified by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. It has an abundance of 6.5-7.0 ppm in the earth's crust and in found in the minerals monazite, bastnasite, samarskite, cerite, orthite, ytterbite, and fluorspar. Samarium is a soft metal that quickly forms a hard, brittle oxide layer in air. It is used as a permanent magnet, an IR absorbent in glass, and a dopant in laser crystals.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sm
==Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Sensitive to moisture and air. 
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	Sm (atomic no. 62)
CAS 	7440-19-9
Melting Point 	1072 C
Density 	7.53 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 150.4
Boiling Point 	1791-1900 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 178
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 8498
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Samite

== Description ==
A heavy, shiny, silk fabric interwoven with gold or silver. Samite was used for ornate clothing and robes in the Middle Ages.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
brocado (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Sampleite

== Description ==
A rare copper phosphate mineral with a chemical composition of NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl-5H2O. Sampleite occurs naturally in deposits in Chile and has been found in caves formed from the sulfides and phosphates in bat guano. Sampleite was identified as a corrosion product on Egyptian copper alloys (Fabrizi et al. 1989).
==Physical and Chemical Proerties==
* Description: light blue to blue-green prismatic crystals or aggregates
* Hardness = 4
* Luster = pearly
* Density = 3.2 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Fabrizi, H.Ganiaris, S.Tarling, D.Scott, "The Occurrence of Sampleite, a Complex Copper Phosphate, as a Corrosion Product on Copper Alloy Objects from Memphis, Egypt" Studies in Conservation, 34:45-51, 1989.
* Wikipedia: Sampleite Accessed Dec 2022
* Mindat: Sampleite Accessed Dec 2022
* Webmineral: Sampleite Accessed Dec 2022
Category:Materials database
Sancure 878

== Description ==
[Lubrizol, formerly Noveon] A brand name for a high gloss water-based dispersion of an aliphatic, anionic polyurethane resin. Sancure 878 produces a film with good adhesion to wood, plastic, metal and textiles. The high gloss coating is flexible but hard and resistant to abrasion, chemicals and hydrolysis. An option is available to reduce the hardness by mixing with a softer polymer, such as Sancure 861.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Noveon Sancure 878.jpg~FTIR]]]
Other options include:
* Sancure™ 825- crosslinkable polyurethane dispersion developed for rigid substrates 
* Sancure™ 970 EU Select – crosslinkable high solids polyurethane composite, hard films for residential and commercial floors
* Sancure™ 20041 EU Select – crosslinkable polyurethane dispersion; 
* Sancure™ OM-933 – aliphatic oil-modified polyurethane dispersion with low VOC; chemical resistance and exterior durability
Note: Sancure 878 is not sold directly to museums but rather sold to Camger Chemical. Camger then sells an equivalent product under the name Camger 1-175.
==Synonyms and Related Terms==
Sancure™ 878
Similar products: Camger 1-175
==Applications==
* Coating
==Personal Risks==
For SDS, please see Camger 1-175
==Collection Risks==
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials
° AIC Wiki Oddy test Tested in 2006, 2007 (CAM, passed)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
==Working Properties==
Shelf life is 1 year.
==Resources and Citations==
* Lubrizol Performance Coatings: [Website]
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:CoatingsCategory: Coating: Water-based
Sand

== Description ==
Small, loose grains of rock ranging in size from 0.6 to 2.0 millimeters. Sand is primarily compose of quartz (SiO2), but may also contain small amounts of mica, feldspar, hematite, and nonsoluble salts. It is used as an abrasive, a filter media and an ingredient in glass, ceramics, and concrete.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
arena (Esp.); sable (Fr.); areia (Port.); Sand (Deut.); zand (Ned.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Particle sizes from 0.05 - 2.0 millimeters
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 687
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sand-lime brick

== Description ==
A decorative brick used on interior walls. Sand-lime brick were prepared by steaming a mixture of sand and lime (Bucher 1996).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sand lime brick; chuff brick
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 119
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Sandalwood

== Description ==
A brick-red wood obtained from sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus; ) native to tropical Asia. Sandalwood has a fine-grain with a straight or wavy pattern. The wood has been used for making cabinets and violins. It is also sold in blocks or chips for dye preparation. Sandalwood dye contains santalin as the primary colorant. It is soluble in alcohol but not in water. The fugitive color has been used for textiles and for tanning leather. Similar water insoluble dyes are obtained from barwood, camwood, and narrawood.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Pterocarpus santalinus; red sandalwood; sanders wood; saunder's wood; santal wood; shitan; byakudan (Jap.); padauk; bois de santal (Fr.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Dye is soluble in alcohol
* Insoluble in water.
* Density = 55-65 ppcf
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 689
* Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* "Violin Varnish Glossary" at www.violins.on.ca/luthier.vargloss.html
Category:Materials database