nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Iridium flare

An Iridium flare or satellite flare is a flash of light in the sky caused by sunlight reflected off an artificial satellite. More precisely, the term "Iridium flare" refers specifically to a flare produced by the first Iridium series of communication satellites, whose large, reflective, panel-like antennae caused very bright, predictable flares.
When they occurred, they could be the brightest things in the night sky and, because of the speed at which satellites orbit, could appear to move very quickly. The flares were short-lived, as the satellite's solar orientation and angle relative to observers on the ground changed fast with the satellite's orbital motion and the rotation of the Earth. As a result of their unique appearance and general ignorance about Iridium flares, Iridium flares were one of the phenomena most commonly mistaken for UFOs and little green men, second only to and refracted light from celestial bodies.
In the late 2010s, Iridium Communications replaced its original communication satellites with a new series called Iridium NEXT. These provide higher bandwidth, but have a different design that does not produce the iconic flares. Most of the original satellites were deorbited in December 2019, and Iridium flares have become correspondingly extremely uncommon. Similar flashes are, however, still produced by some other satellites.
==External links==
* Heavens Above provides a collection of online astronomy tools, mainly centered around satellite tracking, including prediction of satellite and ISS flyovers and Iridium flares
* YouTube video of a guy catching a predicted Iridium flare
* A zoomed-in video of another flare, note the drastic increase in brightness
Category:Astronomy
Category:Ufology
Irina Ermakova

Irina Vladimirovna Ermakova (Ири́на Влади́мировна Ермако́ва) is a Russian neuroscientisthttp://eco-irina-ermakova.narod.ru/eng/bio.htmlHer page on the Russian Wikipedia who tries to pass herself off as a pathologist.http://eco-irina-ermakova.narod.ru/eng/index.htm Her main activity is campaigning against GM crops. To bolster her cause, she conducted a shabby feeding trial on some rats.
==Rat experiment==
Ermakova acquired notoriety when she publicized the results of her experiments on rats fed with glyphosate-tolerant (a.k.a. Roundup Ready) soybeans. She claimed that the fertility of rats was decreased when fed with GM soy, and their offspring was stunted and suffered from low survival rates. These findings were never published in a peer-reviewed journal, instead being 'published' in the proceedings of a conference in Germany, co-sponsored by Greenpeace and featuring an all-star cast of anti-GMO cranks.http://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/277/2006-002-en.pdf Despite this, these findings were widely disseminated by the anti-GMO movement, and remain an oft repeated talking point.
When the experiments were investigated by other GM researchers, the experiment was revealed to contain multiple flaws.http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2007/09/ermakovas-gm-soy-trials-in-rats-get.html
* Infant mortality in the control group of rats was very high (6.8 to 9 %), suggesting that the rats were treated poorly or had inadequate diets. No useful data can be extracted from feeding trials conducted in this way.
* Weight of infant rats was over 20% below average for both groups, further suggesting the rats were mistreated or malnourished.
* Ermakova used two uncharacterized fractions of soy. In other words, what she fed to the rats might have been two different varieties or mixtures of varieties with completely different nutrient content. She even bought the stuff on a local market in Amsterdam.
A comment published in Nature Biotechnology highlights the many errors which render her results useless. Moreover, the commenting scientists called her out on her hypocrisy: Ermakova said in an earlier letter that she is not sure about the results, yet she used every venue available to her to publicize this experiment, drawing extremely far-reaching conclusions from it.http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v25/n12/full/nbt1207-1356b.html Abstract at nature.com.http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2007/12/debate-about-dr-ermakovas-rat.html
A methodologically-sound and more thorough study of the same thing conducted in Japan found that there are no significant differences between rats fed GM and non-GM soy.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17657996
==External links==
* Irina Ermakova's website (last updated in 2007)
==See also==
* Genetic modification
* Monsanto
*Gilles-Eric Séralini — another anti GM activist, another shoddy trial
*Judy Carman — ditto
==References==
Category:Ruskies
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Genetics
Category:Biotechnology
Category:Psychologists
Category:Living people
Iron law of institutions

The Iron Law of Institutions, created by political blogger Jon Schwarz, states:"Democrats And The Iron Law Of Institutions", A Tiny Revolution, 5 September 2007 
Schwarz was originally describing Nancy Pelosi's unwillingness to consult with Iraq War protestors in 2007 — and more generally, Democrats' failure to embrace disaffected leftist voters, as it would affect their power within the party, and in turn, the party's standing among the overall electorate. (This leaves aside the question of whether there would be enough disaffected voters for this to pay off, and whether it would alienate enough current voters to nullify any gains.)
In using "iron law" for this, writers might have been thinking of the (Michels, 1911), which is roughly the same in operation. This "law" is a consequence of how people think and work, normally. It is probably not possible to completely "break" the law, but there may be institutional structures that harness it, by limiting the central power of the organization. An oligarchy will still form if the organization is large. Look around! 
==Other meanings== 
The phrase has been used previously, with variant meanings.
*The subversive vision: American romanticism in literature by Michael J. Hoffman (1972) says (p.56): "Although Thoreau has not worked out a new form of government, he is practical enough to know that all systems are ultimately subject to the iron law of institutions and vulnerable to expedience..." (This is close to Schwarz's usage.)
*A Peace of Timbuktu: Democratic Governance, Development and African Peacemaking by Robin Poulton (1998) notes (p.168): "Refugees are very different from sustainable development. These arguments from the 'iron law of institutions' sound to us more like self-serving excuses for not collaborating, than genuine strategic difficulties." (This is also close to Schwarz's usage.)
*Memorandum for the President: A Strategic Approach to Domestic Affairs in the 1980s by Ben W. Heineman and Curtis A. Hessler (1980) notes (p.48): "Fighting the Last Battle. There is an iron law of institutions: successors have to be perceived as dramatically changing the practices of predecessors."
*Issues in Education: A Comparative Analysis by E. J. Nicholas (1983) says (p.15): "[D]eschoolers hold to a deterministic, iron law of institutions, irrespective of time and place. They fail to distinguish between what is and what must be." 
*With a Happy Eye But...: America and the World, 1997-2002 by George Will (2002) notes (p.32): "However, most secrecy is not necessary, and an iron law of institutions guarantees that the ratio of unnecessary to necessary secrecy increases steadily."Will then went on to cheerlead for unnecessary secrecy throughout the rest of his pundit career.
==See also==
*All non-suicidal political parties.
*Game theory
*Citizendium
*MAD
*Fiscal cliff
*RationalWiki:Moderators
==External links==
*The West Wing episode "Shutdown" depicts the scenario quite well.
==References==
Category:Psychology
Category:Political theory
Category:Sociology
Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a set of symptoms including stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhea and other abnormalities of bowel habit. It is a functional or symptomatic disorder: though it may have an underlying organic cause such as celiac disease, it generally does not.IBS, Quackwatch.
As a diffuse, distressing, cyclic disorder with no single cause it is, needless to say, ripe for exploitation by quacks, woo-mongers and other frauds. A search for "natural remedies for irritable bowel" turns up over a million hits, with Joseph Mercola at the head of the list. 'Nuff said.
Medical treatment for symptomatic relief includes butylscopolamine (trade name Buscopan) for bloating and cramps and loperamide for diarrhea. Dietary modification may reduce the severity and frequency of attacks, as can lifestyle changes (reducing stress, for example).Irritable bowel syndrome at NHS Choices.
Quack treatments are legion. Some quacks claim to "cure" it (despite the lack of any known distinct cause), others claim to improve or manage it. Some of the treatments offered are plausible… but plenty of others flip off the diving board backwards into a pool of steaming horse-shit.Watch out for IBS quacks, Barbara Bolen. You can always tell if a purported cure for IBS is quackery: it purports to be a cure for IBS.What is IBS?, IBS network.
The two chief dangers of quack cures for IBS are: becoming convinced of the virtue of quackery; and delaying medical diagnosis, if there is an underlying organic cause such as cancer or celiac disease.
==See also==
*Feces therapy
*Konstantin Monastyrsky
==References==
Category:Biology
Category:Disease
Category:Medicine
Category:Shit articles
Is Abortion Genocide? (pamphlet)

Is Abortion Genocide?, published sometime after 2009, is an anti abortion tract/site/publicationhttp://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/genocide.html Original Text here by the Center for Bio-Ethical Reform, written by Gregg Cunningham. In this pamphlet, they put forth the claim that abortion is genocide, and that there are extensive parallels between American slavery, the Holocaust, and abortion.
In this side-by-side article, we address the claims of the pamphlet.
__TOC__
==The pictures!==
==Origin of the word "Genocide"==
==Divergent definitions==
==Quotes from luminaries==
==Past Human Rights Violations and Abortion==
Not Identical But Similar!
===Denial of Personhood Status===
===Dehumanizing Portrayals===
===Victims Have Something Others Want to Use===
===Victims are Seen as a Burden===
===Sheer Volume of Victims Killed===
==Why Abortion is Genocide==
===Intent to destroy===
===Systematic===
===Identifiable group===
===Responsibility & Reconciliation===
==Footnotes from pamphlet==
==References==
Category:Side-by-side articles
Category:Refutations
Is the Bible an Immoral Book?

Creation Ministries International, being under some rhetorical assault from atheist vloggers on YouTube, has responded by commissioning an article from theological whiz-kid Lita Cosner,She has a bachelor's degree in Biblical Studies from the Oklahoma Wesleyan University, a Holiness/Arminian outfit run by a Methodist splinter-sect. It shows. entitled Is the Bible an Immoral Book?.
__TOC__
==Misunderstanding the Old Testament==
==Was Sabbath-keeping serious?==
==Is God a homicidal maniac?==
==Does God force people to sin, then punish them for it?==
==What about Jesus?==
==Cruelty to animals and trees?==
==Broken clocks: bad Christian rationalizations==
==Jesus: not original and not moral?==
=="Jesus should have taught us about antibiotics"==
==Biblically-illiterate criticisms of Christianity don't hold water==
==See also==
*Argument from morality
==CMI footnotes==
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Bible
Category:Creationism
Category:Side-by-side articles
Category:Refutations
Isagenix

Isagenix is a diet woo product, lifestyle, and multilevel marketing scheme notable for its cultish online promoters.
It's surprisingly hard to find critical information about Isagenix online, because the company incentivises its sales force to Google-bomb search terms relating to it, and to flood any message board it can with glowingly positive material that all sounds the same.
== The products ==
The products are nutrient-rich meal replacements and a laxative cleanse product.
== The claims ==
Isagenix claims the stuff burns fat while supporting lean muscle, maintains healthy cholesterol levels, supports telomeres, improves resistance to illness, reduces cravings, improves body composition, and slows the aging process.
The claimed mechanism of action is:
*Toxicity accounts for most diseases;
*The body protects itself from toxins by coating them with fat, causing obesity;
*The internal organs become clogged and deteriorate if you don't cleanse;
*The human body needs cleansing like air conditioners that need their filters changed and car engines that need oil changes;
*Alkaline diet woo.
== Does it work? ==
If you follow Isagenix, you will lose weight, a lot of it! Because lowered calorie intake and pooping out everything you put in does that. So people see promising results early on and are primed to buy into the New Age health food nonsense — and, of course, the idea that big profits will come your way if you recruit, recruit, recruit.
The products are also actively unhealthy, a lot containing dangerous levels of vitamin A.
Australian consumer advocate Choice noted in January 2015 that the company's "nutritional cleansing" product makes claims not supported by science, and the company's other weight-loss products are very similar to much cheaper alternatives. The report also notes unqualified "associates" providing medical advice concerning the products, whether officially prohibited by the company or not.
== Sources ==
* Defending Isagenix: A Case Study in Flawed Thinking (Harriet Hall, Science-Based Medicine)
* Isagenix Study Is Not Convincing (Harriet Hall, Science-Based Medicine)
* If You’re a Big Believer in the Power of Isagenix, I Have a Bridge in Brooklyn to Sell You (Jeff Read)
* No, Isagenix, a Trivial Study from Your Pet Scientist Doesn’t Make You Not a Scam. Get the Hell Off My Planet. (Jeff Read)
== External links ==
* Official home page
Category:Diet woo
Category:Multilevel marketing
Iscador

Iscador® is an alternative patent medicine cancer treatment that uses extracts of European mistletoe, Viscum album. It was invented by Rudolf Steiner as part of anthroposophy, though it's not clear on what basis he thought it would work.
Unsurprisingly, it does bugger-all to treat cancer. It kills cancer cells in vitro (which, in alternative medicine terms, is huge success), so is the subject of continuing research, but has shown no clinical effectiveness as a drug.
Surprisingly, it might do a little to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.National Cancer Institute. 5. What preclinical (laboratory or animal) studies have been conducted using mistletoe? Research is ongoing.
As a popular form of cancer woo, it is highly controlled in the US to keep the quacks out. You can only even import the mistletoe extracts into the US for approved research or for "individual use," and then have your quack doctor inject it for you.National Cancer Institute. "Mistletoe Extracts (PDQ)." It's apparently readily available in Eastern Europe, though.
Although the mistletoe plant and berries are poisonous, the extract is not considered likely to harm you directly.Unless you are the Norse deity Balder Particularly when, as is common, it's prepared homeopathically.
==See also==
*Carnivora
*Michael Uzick
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Cancer woo
Ishmael

:Not to be confused with the narrator of the novel .
Ishmael was the illegitimate son of the prophet Abraham by his wife's maidservant. He is held by Muslims to have been the sacrifice offered to Allah by Abraham, and also to have been the direct ancestor of the prophet Muhammad. Jews and Christians believe that it was Isaac whom Abraham tried to sacrifice to YHWH. As evidence for the patriarchs is minimal at best, who can tell which way it supposedly happened? If, indeed, it happened at all.
In one of many examples of God and the patriarchs being cruel, Abraham was told by his wife Sara and by God to cast out Ishmael and his mother Hagar, who was Abraham's concubine. Ishmael nearly died in the desert before God told them where to find water. () He spent the rest of his life in the desert and according to tradition was ancestor of 12 tribes including the "pure" Arabs of the Arabian peninsula, whose number included the prophet Muhammad. (Today the word "Arab" has a much greater geographical extent than those allegedly descended from Ishmael, if it matters.)
==References==
 
Category:Biblical figures
Category:Old Testament
Category:Christian mythology
IslamQA

IslamQA is a webshite founded by the Saudi Arabian cleric Muhammad Salih Al-Munajjid,Biography of the site's General Supervisor Islam Question & Answer a man who bears a grudge against snowmen.Saudi cleric condemns snowmen as anti-Islamic Reuters 12 January 2015 As its title suggests, it is based around a list of questions and answers on various subjects, the answers being given from an fundamentalist Islamic point of view. 
The site prescribes the death penalty for homosexuality ("one of the greatest of crimes"),The punishment for homosexuality Islam Question & Answer 13 March 2006 apostasy from Islam,Why should a person who disbelieves after becoming Muslim be executed? Islam Question & Answer 27 March 2004 practicing witchcraft,Repentance of a Witch Islam Question & Answer 26 September 2005 and insulting Muhammed (if the blasphemer repents, they may be forgiven on the Day of Resurrection, but should still be executed).Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) Islam Question & Answer (Archived from the original on 23 January 2012)
In addition, IslamQA advises its readers against forming close friendships with non-Muslims,Clarification of the important rule: it is haraam to take kaafirs as close friends and protectors Islam Question & Answer 9 October 1998 defends female genital mutilation,Circumcision of girls and some doctors’ criticism thereof Islam Question & Answer 23 August 2005 and claims that it is acceptable for a man to a marry a six year old girl so long as he does not consummate the marriage until she is "physically able for it" (when she's nine years old, in the example given).Ruling on marrying young women Islam Question & Answer 31 March 1998
The site also contains numerous gems of wisdom on the subject of jinn. It warns us that jinn are capable of possessing people,Jinn Entering Human Bodies 10 October 2000 that jinn, on rare occasions, sometimes kidnap people;Is it possible for the jinn to kidnap a human being? Islam Question & Answer 19 January 2000 and that toilets are inhabited by evil spirits, and so one must say "In the name of Allah, O Allah, I seek refuge with You from evil and from the male and female devils" before entering the WC.How can a person conceal himself from the jinn when in the toilet? Islam Question & Answer 24 August 2002
On a similar note, IslamQA ran an article (since removed) entitled "Ruling on eating mermaids." The article began with a discussion as to whether or not mermaids exist ("that is subject to further discussion", it concluded) and then provided in-depth thoughts, quoting several Islamic scholars, as to whether or not it is permissible to eat them.Ruling on eating mermaids Islam Question & Answer (Archived from the original on 11 March 2012)
==See also==
* Islamic Awakening
===Want to read this in another language?===
==External links==
* The webshite
* More lunacy from Muhammad Salih Al-Munajjid
==References==
Category:Internet hate sites
Category:Islamic extremism
Category:Webshites
IslamQA (中文)

伊斯兰问答网站（英语 IslamQA）是沙特阿拉伯教士谢赫穆罕默德·萨利赫·穆南志德的网站。http://theislamicfarrightinbritain.wordpress.com/muhammad-salih-al-munajjid/ 它是一个问题与答案的列表；答案的根据是伊斯兰原教旨主义。该网站有些文章含有严重冒犯人类基本道德的极端谬论，并不一定代表普通穆斯林人的想法。
==危险极端言论==
极端主义披着宗教的衣服，提倡各种违反人类基本道德底线的荒唐谬论。可怕的是，因为极端主义者声称神支持自己的想法，人们容易质疑自己的理性和基本价值观，陷入极端主义的陷阱。
穆罕默德·萨利赫·穆南志德在他网站上称，男人有权拥有女奴隶并且与她们进行性关系，老婆不认许制止或表达反对。https://web.archive.org/web/20160106101656/http://islamqa.info/en/10382
网站称，同性恋者因判死刑，解释说同性恋是“最严重的罪之一“http://islamqa.info/en/ref/38622/homosexuality 离开伊斯兰教，http://islamqa.info/en/ref/12406/修炼巫术，http://islamqa.info/en/ref/69914/，或亵渎先知穆罕迈德的人也都必须处死。（如果亵渎者忏悔，他可能会在宣判日被原谅，但他仍需被处死）。http://islamqa.info/en/ref/22809
另外，伊斯兰问答网站建议其读者不要与非穆斯林人有亲密的友谊，http://islamqa.info/en/ref/2179 为残割女性生殖器做辩解，http://islamqa.info/en/ref/60314/female%20circumcision 说女性不应担任公职，http://islamqa.info/en/ref/20677 并且提倡一个男人可以与一位六岁女孩结婚，只要等到她身体长大能够支持性行为知后再完婚这个支持恋童癖的荒唐无道德理论。（在有关案例中，先知穆罕迈德第三妻子啊伊沙完婚时年龄仅九岁）。http://www.islamqa.info/en/ref/1493/aisha
该网站也在镇尼（幽灵）这个话题上提供了“智慧”。网站警告，人们会被这些幽灵附身；http://www.islamqa.info/en/ref/1819/jinn幽灵有时会绑架人；http://www.islamqa.info/en/ref/7871/jinn厕所的肮脏为邪灵提供藏身之地，所以上厕所前必须念”以真主的名义，主啊，求你护佑我免遭男女恶魔的伤害。“.http://www.islamqa.info/en/ref/26816/jinn
===封建迷信===
有趣的是，伊斯兰问答网站有一次发表了名称”关于吃美人鱼的裁决“的文章（现在已被删除）。该文章开头讨论美人鱼是否存在，结论是“需要更深探讨”，然后引用多个伊斯兰学者的话提供关于是否可以食用美人鱼的想法。http://web.archive.org/web/20100503210918/http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/8892/doc
==参见==
* 伊斯兰唤醒
 
==外部链接==
注：如果您现在在中国大陆，因IslamQA网站含有极端谬论和错误内容，IslamQA网站已被封闭，访问该网站可能违法。
* IslamQA英语网站
* IslamQA中文网站
* More lunacy from Muhammad Salih Al-Munajjid
==参考文献==
Category:Chinese
Category:Internet hate sites
Category:Islamic extremism
Islamic Education & Research Academy

The Islamic Education & Research Academy (iERA) is an international organisation devoted to informing the public about Islam.http://www.iera.org.uk/about_us1.html It is chaired by Abduraheem Green (also known as Abdur Rahim Green), a Tanzanian-born British man who converted to Islam in 1988 after losing faith in Christianity and having a three-year fling with Buddhism.http://www.iera.org.uk/about_us2.html<capture>http://web.archive.org/web/20100210034814/http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php</capture>
Green is an advocate of cutting thieves' hands off, believing that the only alternative is to send them to prison, thereby allowing them to meet other criminals. He also prescribes a "slow and painful death by stoning" for adulterers, supports a similar punishment for homosexuals, and condemns "free mixing between sexes."http://www.islamsgreen.org/islams_green/2006/02/terrible_and_br.html
Amongst the Academy's advisors have been the infamous Haitham al-Haddad, along with such questionable individuals as , Hakim Quick, and Hussein Yee, the last of whom blames Jews for 9/11.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/7333487/Inextricably-linked-to-controversial-mosque-the-secret-world-of-IFE.html<capture>http://web.archive.org/web/20101226043216/http://www.iera.org.uk/about_us2.html</capture>
The Academy objected to a documentary by Tom Holland that aired in September 2012 entitled Islam: the Untold Story. In this programme, Holland argued that the Arab conquests of the seventh century were not performed by Muslims, and implied that Mohammed may never have even existed. The Academy complained that "Holland appears to have turned a blind eye to rich Islamic historical tradition."http://freethinker.co.uk/2012/09/02/did-big-mo-exist-historians-question-enrages-muslims/ Ophelia Benson replied pithily that an accurate history is more important than a rich one.http://freethoughtblogs.com/butterfliesandwheels/2012/09/550-complaints/
In March 2013, iERA was banned from the University College London after objections to a gender-segregated event which it held there. "We are truly living in the last days... Allah knows best", opined a spokesman.http://standforpeace.org.uk/breaking-iera-banned-from-university-college-london/
According to the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain the iERA aims clandestinely to normalize Islamism, its norms and values while appearing superficially charitable and like missionaries. This includes encouraging others to hate Jews, gays, former Muslims, women, non Muslims and the less extreme majority of Muslims. The Charity Commission is investigating the iERA. New Report: Evangelising Hate – Islamic Education and Research Academy (iERA)
==External links==
* Video of Abduraheem Green expressing his dislike of Jews and Christians.
==References==
Category:Islamic extremism
Category: Organizations