nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Aluminum honeycomb panel

== Description ==
A lightweight structural support panel composed of a aluminum honeycomb core. Several varieties of panels are available with faces made from aluminum, fiberglass, mat board, or plastic.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminum support panel; structural support panel; Aerolam F; Hexcel ACG
== Applications ==
*Ceiling panels
*Floor panels
*Transport
== Collection Risks ==
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below
° Aluminum honeycomb panel; ALAL .25 49 97 Tested in 2018
° Alucore, Platinum White Tested in 2013
° Alucore, 1-Type Polyester Lacquer Tested in 2009
° Alucore Base, Mill Finish Tested in 2009
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Mecklenburg, J. Webster "Aluminum honeycomb supports: their fabrication and use in painting conservation" Studies in Conservation 22: 177-189, 1977
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Aluminum hydroxide gel

== Description ==
A white, amorphous solid or gel. Aluminum hydroxide gel is produced by either soaking alumina trihydrate in dilute acid or by treating aluminum sulfate with an alkali. Aluminum hydroxide gel can be used for similar applications to alumina trihydrate. It is also used as a lubricant, an antacid, and as a filter medium. Additionally, aluminum hydroxide gel is used as a mordant for dyeing textiles and is used in the manufacture of glass and ceramic glazes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hydrous aluminum oxide; alumina gel
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible.
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Soluble in acid and alkali. Insoluble in water and ethanol.
* Density = 2.4 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 355
Category:Materials database
Aluminum laminate film

See Barrier materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Marvelseal 360 [Ludlow]; Marvelseal 470 [Ludlow]; Foil-O-Rap [Bell Packaging Corp.]
==Resources and Citations==
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Aluminum leaf

== Description ==
A very thin aluminum foil used for gilding. Aluminum leaf has a silvery color and has been used as an inexpensive substitute for silver and palladium leaf. It is primarily used for signs, stamped designs, and book covers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
imitation silver; Blattaluminium (Deut.); hoja de aluminio (Esp.); folha de alumínio (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Aluminum paint

== Description ==
Powdered aluminum foil and aluminum bronze are used as silver- and gold-color metallic paint pigments. Aluminum paint was probably first made in the mid-19th century but did not become popular as a paint pigment until about 1920. When dispersed in oil or varnish, the surface tension causes the flakes to spread out flat over the painted surface thus forming a near continuous metallic film. The aluminum pigmented films provide good moisture proofing and produce a surface that is 60-75 percent reflective. The paint film is durable and does not tarnish, but it lacks the luster of silver, so it is generally not used for gilded decoration. Aluminum pigment paints were used for coating picture frames, radiators, roofs, and tanks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminium paint (Br.); peinture à l'aluminium (Fr.); pintura de aluminio (Esp.); pittura ad alluminio (It.); pintura de alumínio (Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
The aluminum flakes are irregular in shape, shiny in reflected light and opaque in transmitted light.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 569
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Aluminum paper

== Description ==
A silvery paper prepared with a thin coating of aluminum foil or flake aluminum powder. The paper is generally calendered or embossed to produce a variety of wrapping papers for packages and food. 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
foil paper; aluminium paper (Br.); papier d'aluminium (Fr.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 337
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Aluminum potassium sulfate

== Description ==
A white odorless powder with transparent crystals. Aluminum potassium sulfate occurs naturally in the minerals alunite and leucite. It has been used since ancient times as a mordant in dyeing textiles and for tawing skins. Aluminum potassium sulfate, or potash alum, is also used as a filler in paper, cement, and paints. It is used to harden gelatin, plaster, and cement. Potash alum has also been used as a substrate in the preparation of lake pigments.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aluminum potassium sulfate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
potassium aluminum sulfate; aluminum potassium sulphate (Br.); potash alum; alum NF; potassium alum; kalinite; alum flour; alum meal; cube alum; alumstone; common alum
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. 
* Harmful by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Contact causes irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	Al2(SO4)3-K2SO4-24H2O
CAS 	7784-24-9
Mohs Hardness 	3.5 - 4.0
Melting Point 	92 C
Density 	1.75 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 474.38
==Resources and Citations==
* Irene Bruckle, "The Role of Alum in Historical Papermaking", Abbey Newsletter, Volume 17(4), September 1993. Link
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 32, 33
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Palmy Weigle, Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1974
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
Category:Materials database
Aluminum powder

== Description ==
Ground flakes of aluminum or an aluminum alloy that are used for metallic paints. Aluminum powder is made by grinding sheets of aluminum to form thin shiny flakes. It was probably first made in the mid-19th century but did not become popular as a paint pigment until about 1920. When dispersed in oil or varnish, the surface tension caused the flakes to spread out flat over the painted surface thus forming a near continuous metallic film. The aluminum pigmented films provide good moistureproofing and produce a surface that is 60-75 percent reflective. The paint film is durable and does not tarnish, but it lacks the luster of silver, so it is generally not used for gilded decoration. Aluminum pigment paints were used for coating picture frames, radiators, roofs, and tanks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminum bronze powder; aluminum metal pigment; poudre d'aluminium (Fr.); polvere d'alluminio (It.); pó de alumínio (Port.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Shape = irregular; 
* Size = approximately 1 micron
* Reflected light = shiny; 
* Transmitted light = opaque
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: p. 92
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 48
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Aluminum silicate

== Description ==
Any of several types of naturally occurring clays that contain both aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, such as kaolin. Aluminum silicate clays are used in the manufacture of glass, ceramic, paints, inks, and plastics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminium silicate; silicato de aluminio (Esp., Port.); silicate d'aluminium (Fr.); hakudo (Jap.); Aluminiumsilikat (Deut.); alumiumsilicaat (Ned.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 88
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Aluminum silicate fiber

== Description ==
A manufactured fiber made from aluminum silicate. Aluminum silicate fibers are capable of withstanding temperatures up to 1200 C. They can be made by several processes. Short whiskers (about 1 cm) are made by heating aluminum fluoride with silica at 1000-1200 C. Longer fibers are made from melted aluminum oxide-silica mixed with small amounts of boron or zirconia. Aluminum silicate fibers are sometimes referred to as ceramic fibers and high temperature fibers. They are made into nonwoven mats ranging in thicknesses from paper-like to blanket-like. Aluminum silicate fibers are used for insulation, packing, smoke stack filters, gaskets, plastic reinforcement, and fireproof panels.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminium silicate fibre; ceramic fiber; high temperature fiber
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Resistant to organic solvents, acids and dilute alkalis. 
* Attacked by concentrated alkalis.
* Fibers are white with a smooth surface; cross section is circular.
Melting Point	above 1760 C
Density 	2.73 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 514
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England Comment: p. 666
Category:Materials database
Aluminum sodium sulfate

== Description ==
Colorless crystals or white granules. Aluminum sodium sulfate, or soda alum, is used as a mordant for textile dyeing. It is also used for paper sizing, and as a filler in ceramics, inks, and paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminum sodium sulphate (Br.); SAS; sodium aluminum sulfate; soda alum; sodium alum
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible.
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	Al2(SO4)3-Na2SO4-24H2O
Melting Point	61 C
Density 	1.61 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 378
Category:Materials database
Aluminum solder

== Description ==
1) Any hard solder that contains aluminum. 
2) Any soft solder used for joining aluminum. Aluminum solders are usually an alloy of tin (50-85%) and zinc (15-50%). They may also contain lead, cadmium, gold, copper, or silver.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Aluminiumlot (Deut.); soldadura de aluminio (Esp.); solda de alumínio (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 741
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Aluminum stearate

== Description ==
A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from tallow and alum. Aluminum stearate forms gels with turpentine, mineral spirits, and oils. It has been used as a drier, thickener, emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminum stearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, paper, leather, concrete, and stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminum tristearate; octadecanoic acid aluminum salt; stearic acid aluminum salt; aluminum stearate white (AAT); stéarate d'aluminium (Fr.); Daiwax WA1; Metaspa XX; Rofob 3
==Risks==
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in ethanol, benzene, turpentine and mineral oils. 
Insoluble in water.
Composition 	Al(C18H35O2)3
CAS 	637-12-7
Melting Point 	117-120 C
Density 	0.99-1.070 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 877.41
Refractive Index	1.49
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 48
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: Entry #379
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Aluminum sulfate

== Description ==
A white crystalline compound that has historically been called papermakers' alum. Aluminum sulfate occurs in nature as the mineral alunogenite. It is prepared synthetically by treating bauxite with sulfuric acid. Starting in the 1820s, aluminum sulfate began to be used for sizing paper. It reacts with rosin causing it to flocculate to the cellulosic fibers in the pulp solution. However, residual alum in the paper produces an acidic environment that will accelerated degradation of paper. Aluminum sulfate has also been used to taw leather, as a dye mordant, as a substrate for lake pigments, for waterproofing concrete, and for fireproofing textiles. It is also used as a flocculant in water purification systems.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|f326sem.jpg~SEM|f326edsbw.jpg~EDS|aluminum sulfate.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
aluminium sulfate (IUPAC): aluminium sulphate (Br.); Aluminiumsulfat (Deut.); sulfate d'aluminium (Fr.); aluminum trisulfate; alum; pearl alum; pickle alum; cake alum; filter alum; papermakers alum; patent alum
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. 
* Fisher Scientific: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol.
Composition 	Al2(SO4)3. 16H20
CAS 	10043-01-3 (anh.) 16828-11-8 (hyd.)
Melting Point 	770 C (dec.)
Density 	2.71 g/ml (hydrate)
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 630.40
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 33
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 381
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum_sulfate (Accessed Mar. 15, 2006)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
Category:Materials database
Aluminum tape

==Description==
An adhesive tape that is back by a metallic foil. The flexible metal allows the tape to conform to curves and uneven surfaces. Aluminum tape is reflective, UV resistant and thermally conductive. It is often used to seal off vapors in fiberglass duct board, sheet metal ducts and other HVAC conduits. It typically contains an acrylic adhesive that adheres well in a wide range of temperatures and humidities (note: some tapes have rubber-based adhesives).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Aluminum foil tape; foil tape; metal tape
Products: 3M 431; 3M 425; 3M 850; 3M 591
==Applications==
==Risks==
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Acrylic adhesives usually have a working temperature range of -4 to 120C (-40 to 250 F)
* Tensile strength is about 21 lb/in
==Working Properties==
==Forms and Sizes==
== Resources and Citations ==
* WiseGeek: https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-aluminum-tape.htm Octover 25, 2020
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory:Tapes
Alumstone

== Description ==
An common name for the mineral alunite which is composed of potassium aluminum sulfate.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Roman alum; alunite; rock alum; alúmen (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Thomas Gregory, The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Reinhold Publishing, New York, 3rd ed., 1942
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 33
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Alundum

== Description ==
[Saint-Gobain] A registered trademark for synthetically produced compound containing very fine crystals of fused aluminum oxide with some oxide zirconium oxide. Alundum is sold for use as an abrasive. It has dense, tough particles with sharp edges.
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 32, 35
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing) Comment: p. 331
* Norton Abrasives: www.nortonabrasive.com - Norton was acquired by St.Gobain in 1990
Category:Materials database
Alunite

== Description ==
A pale pink to grayish mineral that occurs naturally in volcanic rocks. Alunite was first called aluminilite by J.C. Delametherie in 1707, but the name was shortened to alunite. The off-white to yellowish stone is composed of aluminum potassium sulfate and is found in the U.S. (Utah, California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Washington), Spain (Almería), Ulkraine (Beregovo), Italy (Tolfa, Tuscany), France, Mexico, and Australia (New South Wales). It is has numerous uses including dye mordanting and leather tanning. For many years, alunite was a primary source for potash and alumina.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
alumstone; aluminilite; Roman alum; roche alum; aluminum potassium sulfate; rock alum; Alunit (Deut.); alunita (Esp.); alunite (Port.); Aluniet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aluniteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Luster = vitreous to pearly;
* Streak = white
Composition 	KAl3(OH)6(SO4)3
Mohs Hardness 	3.5-4.0
Density 	2.58-2.75 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 258.21
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "alunite" 
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alunite
Category:Materials database
Alveolization

== Description ==
Stone deterioration occurring as cavities and honeycombs sometimes following the natural bedding planes.
== Additional Images ==
File:Alveoliztion-02_ICOMOS.jpg|AlveolizationCredit: B. Fitzner
File:Alveoliztion-03_ICOMOS.jpg|AlveolizationCredit: C. Franzen
==Resources and Citations==
ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns
Category:Materials database
Amalgam

== Description ==
An alloy of mercury with any other metal, such as tin, silver, gold, copper, or lead. Amalgams are used as an intermediary step in refining and plating metals. Mercury will readily combine with other metals to form a soft amalgam. For plating, the amalgam is applied to a surface, then heated to vaporize the mercury and leave behind the second metal. The mercury is recovered as it condenses on a nearby cold surface. Amalgams are used for dental fillings, silvering mirrors, and gilding.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
amalgam (Dan., Sven.); Amalgam (Deut.); amalgama (Esp.); amalgame (Fr.); amalgaam (Ned.); amalgamat (Pol.); amálgama (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 53
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* David C. Scott, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1991
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam (Accessed Mar. 15, 2006) -for non-English terms
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database