nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
WFD-30

== Description ==
This module provides Wi-Fi control of DCC locomotives and accessories using your NCE Command Station from a hand-held such as a phone, tablet or dedicated throttle that uses the WiThrottle protocol authored by Brett Hoffman. 
It provides a WiThrottle Server, just like JMRI except that a computer is unnecessary – it's all in this little module.
* Provides an NCE CAB Bus interface - the NCE standard to connect Cabs to Command Stations.
* Translates all the WiThrottle commands to NCE Cab Bus commands.
* Provides an on-board loco roster and turnout list and allows you to maintain it using web pages on your browser.
* Supports four connected throttles out of the box, when connected to a home network the number of throttles increases to eight.
Installs on your layout to provide Wi-Fi control of an NCE Command Station by acting as a Cab on the NCE CAB Bus. 
The NCE command station is master on the CAB Bus and polls cab addresses. The WFD-30 responds to its designated cab address and represents Wi-Fi connected hand-held devices that use the WiThrottle protocol as authored by Brett Hoffman and used by JMRI. The WFD-30 converts all WiThrottle commands to NCE CAB Bus commands including speed/direction, functions and turnouts. 
* The WFD-30 does not handle DCC CV Programming.
WFD-31

== Description ==
This module is similar to the WFD-30 but is designed to conveniently replace the circuit board in an existing Power Cab Panel or Universal Throttle Panel. 
Simply undo the screws fixing the circuit board in a Power Cab Panel or Universal Throttle Panel to the fascia panel, drill out the LED hole to 5mm (#10) and screw in the WFD-31.
Replace all the cables as they were, follow the instructions and you have Wi-Fi control!
* It provides a WiThrottle Server.
* NCE CAB Bus interface.
* Translates WiThrottle commands to NCE Cab Bus commands.
* On-board loco roster and turnout list, and allows maintaining it using a web browser.
* Can provide meaningful names for the function keys.
* WPA2-PSK Security on the device's direct Wi-Fi Access Point with password. 
* Four throttles supported out of the box, increasing to eight when connected to a home network.
WNI-32

== Description ==
Your Wi-Fi Pro Cab will work with a NCE Command Station/Booster using a WFD-30 or WFD-31.
It will also work with any Wifitrax Command Station/Booster such as the 
* WFD-27, 
* WFD-26, 
* WFD-28 or
* WFD-29. 
Can also be used to operate large scale locomotives using Wifitrax WDMI-27, WDMI-32 with or without the WFD-60.
Works with JMRI.
The NCE Pro Cab (or Power Cab in Pro Cab) mode becomes a versatile cordless, walk-around throttle for most WiThrottle Protocol servers. It can still be used as a tethered NCE throttle on a Cab Bus.
=== Preliminary Details ===
This module installs into an NCE Pro Cab or Power Cab to make it communicate with a WiThrottle server such as our WFD-30 or WFD-31 allowing you to drive trains in untethered, walk-around manner.
It also works with a computer used as a JMRI WiThrottle Server and many other Wifitrax products such as our Wi-Fi Command Stations with boosters and our large scale Wi-Fi/DCC Interface Modules such as WDMI-27.
The module, when activated in your Pro Cab (or Power Cab in Pro Cab mode), takes over the screen and keyboard and behaves very like an NCE Command Station, allowing selection of locomotives, driving and controlling functions as well as selection and control of accessories. The WNI-32 now becomes the Cab Bus Master with your Pro Cab is its client, implementing all commands via the WiThrottle protocol back to your true DCC command station.
Setup is automatic when working in Direct mode with a WFD-30, WFD-31, WFD-27 or WDMI-27. Complex setups requiring connection to a home network or multiple WiThrottle Servers can also be accomplished using the Pro Cab screen.
The WNI-32 operates either in direct mode or home-net mode. Up to four WNI-32 equipped Pro Cabs may be connected to a WFD-30, WFD-27, WFD-60 etc. in direct mode and up to six in home-net mode.
Currently the WNI-32 does not support DCC CV programming, but you can simple plug in your Pro Cab to a normal Cab Bus to go back to working directly with your command station. This automatically de-activates the WNI-32 interface.
Four AAA cells required. Rechargeables recommended for up to nine hours of operation with a full charge.
Walthers American Crane

This DCC conversion will allow you to move the crane along the track, as the prototype would. The boom and rigging are not motorized, they can be operated using cranks included with the crane.
This type of MOW equipment would be used in a yard or industrial setting to move scrap, track, or help unload various items from freight cars. For bigger jobs, the railroad would use the Big Hook, such as rerailing a locomotive.
==What Will You Need?==
* Walthers American Crane (See their website or your local dealer)
** You need the powered version!
* Decoder, N scale
===Disassembly===
Rotate the cab 90 degrees, making it easier to release the cab.
Carefully remove the cab. By prising carefully at the back of the cab it can be released, then gently remove it.
Be careful not to tangle the rigging, and be aware that the boom will fall as the rigging is attached to the cab.
Position the crane so you can access the motor connection tabs at the back of the chassis.
====Wiring====
Crane1.png|Walthers American Crane
Crane_1.JPG|With the cab off, the wires can be seen going to the motor connections.
Crane_2.JPG|Decoder connected to the wiring. Only four wires are used. Others have also installed lighting with SMD LEDs 
Crane-Dcdr.png|Another view with the decoder installed
Wiring is rather simple as the crane has no lighting. An N Scale decoder was chosen as it is small enough to easily fit into the cab.
Simply cut the wires that supply power to the motor. The decoder is inserted between the trucks and the motor. Connect the rail power wires to the trucks, and the motor wires to the motor connections.
The tabs are small and hard to get at, so the decision is to solder directly to them, or use the wires as pigtails and connect to them.
Plan the wiring before any cutting, to make positioning the decoder easy while keeping the excess wire from being a problem later.
After wiring in the decoder, in this example Kapton tape was used to secure the wires. The decoder was positioned on the right side of the mechanism. Prior to reassembly, it may be a good idea to lubricate the gear train.
===Reassembly===
After positioning the decoder simply slide the cab over the mechanism and gently seat it. Pay close attention to the rigging, so as to not tangle it.
File:AMCrane-1A.jpg|Decoder wrapped with Kapton tape prior to positioning and reinstallation of the cab. Tape is also used to hold the wires in place.
File:Bighook2.jpg|The Big Hook, one of two operational steam cranes in North America. Unlike the crane in this article, a locomotive is needed to move it.
===Operation===
After reassembly, you can test the crane.
If it doesn't work, it is possible the connection to the motor came off during reassembly. Disassemble and check the wiring and connections.
When running the crane is rather noisy. Since the motor is rather small, do not attempt to couple the crane to another car. The motor may not be strong enough to move both the crane and another car.
===Programming===
The only real programming that is needed is to change the address from 03 to whatever you want. There are no lights to be setup. Although it is possible to add them.
Whats New

A current listing of the newest articles and latest updates.</font>
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Wire Sizes and Spacing/Alternate Feeder Table

Alternate versions of the tables for distance between feeders.
== Table 1 ==
Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	 	DCCWiki.com
Scale 	G (1:20.3 – 1:29) 	I (1:32) 	O (1:48) 	S (1:64) 	HO (1:87.1) 	00(1:76) 	TT (1:120) 	N (1:160) 	Z (1:220)
FeederSpacing 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 3 to 6 feet 	Every 3 to 6 feet 	Depending on size of the layout: Mainline ≤ 250 feet: every 4ft, 250 − 450ft of mainline:every 3 ft,> 450 ft Every piece of track. Short sections (≤ 5") should connect to a bigger section.	Every piece of track should have its own feeder. Track pieces >18" should have a feeder near each end.	Every piece of track should have its own feeder.
Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections 	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections 	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections
== Table 2 ==
Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	Recommended Distance Between Feeders 	DCCWiki.com
Scale 	G (1:20.3 – 1:29) 	I (1:32) 	O (1:48) 	S (1:64) 	HO (1:87.1) 	00(1:76) 	N (1:160) 	Z (1:220)
FeederSpacing 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 12 − 20 feet (4m-6m) 	Every 3 to 6 feet 	Every 3 to 6 feet 	Every piece of track should have its own feeder. Track pieces >18" should have a feeder near each end.	Every piece of track should have its own feeder.
Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections 	Never rely on rail joiners for electrical connections
== Permission for Re-Use ==
You are welcome to use these tables in a presentation, but the copyright remains with The DCCWiki. Please don't alter the tables, and you must leave the credit "DCCWiki.com" intact.
Category:Wiring
Wire Sizes and Spacing/Metric to AWG Table

This is a quick reference between AWG and Metric wire gauges. 
AWG	Diameter (Inches)	Diameter (mm)	Millimetres Squared	Nearest Size (mm2)
7 	0.1443 	3.67 	10.55 	10
8 	0.1285 	3.26 	8.36 		--
10 	0.1019 	2.59 	5.26 	6.0
12 	0.0808 	2.05 	3.31 	4.0
14 	0.0641 	1.63 	2.08 	2.5
16 	0.0508 	1.29 	1.31 	1.5
17 	0.0453 	1.15 	1.04 	1.0
18 	0.0403 	1.02 	0.82 	1.0
19 	0.0359 	0.91 	0.65 	0.75
20 	0.032 	0.81 	0.52 	0.5
Not all sizes are shown. For the equivalent to 22AWG, use the 20AWG or 0.5mm2. If in doubt, use the next larger size.
Category:Wiring
Category:Electrical
Category:Electronics
Category:Trackwork
Wiring Complexity

Wiring for your layout can be as simple or as complex as you need. Potentially, all that needs to be connected to your track is two wires from the booster; not accounting for reverse sections. However, as we will learn from this page, we need several track feeders in order for the trains to operate smoothly around the entire layout. The feeders typically connect to bus wires. As you can tell, the complexity of your layout determines the complexity wiring required. 
As you read this article, and other Digital Command Control wiring articles, you will find that wiring for Digital Command Control is always easier than the wiring for analog cab control.
Additional wiring complexities:
* Larger layouts will need additional booster(s) to power more trains.
* Detection blocks to determine where trains are.
* Transponding for advanced computer train control.
* Reverse sections for reverse loops.
* Signaling for realistic operations
* Connecting a Computer to Your DCC System for computer assisted programming or complete computer control of your layout.
For more information see Layout Wiring
==See Also==
* Wiring - Main wiring article
* Wiring your Layout for DCC
Category:Wiring
Wiring Tips and Tricks

Category:Wiring
A general collection of Wiring Tips and Hints.
Wiring can be tedious. Here are some hints and tips for making your job a little less tedious. 
== Wiring Tips ==
=== Twisting Your Wires ===
If you wish to twist your power bus wires, this will make it easier
# Cut two lengths of wire, longer than you think you need
# Use some electrical tape to hold the pair of wires together at the end
# Fix them in a vise or similar holding device
## Make sure you have enough room
# Pull the pair of wires taut
# Clamp the ends in the chuck of a Variable Speed Reversible (VSR) electric drill
# Pull the trigger to slowly twist the wires together while keeping them taut. The cable you are making is going to get shorter during this process 
# When the desired number of twists is reached, make a few more before stopping the drill
## A heat gun can help set the wires in their new position. Keep the wires taut during this process
Voila! Your twisted pair cable is done.
===Trimming Cable Ties===
 
Cable ties (Ty-Raps) are a simple method of keeping everything organized. Wrap the cable tie around a bundle of wires, thread the end though the head and pull tight.
But what about the excess material left? You could cut the tail off with a pair of diagonals, but that often leaves a sharp protrusion looking to draw blood. 
Here is a little secret: Don't cut the tail off with diagonals or wire cutters.
Take your linesman's pliers, or a similar pair of pliers with a blunt nose. Use them to pull the cable tie tight, then slide the jaws up the tail with the nose against the head of the cable tie. Clamp on tightly and twist your pliers until the excess breaks off, in much the same manner you would twist two wires together. Often the result is a clean break with no sharp edges.
Additional information on connecting wires is on the Electrical Devices page.
Wiring Turnouts

==Overview==
Here are some recommendations for wiring turnouts on a DCC layout...
* Feed track power to all routes in and out of the turnout.
* Feed track power to all metal rails in the turnout.
* Use live frog turnouts if possible.
* Feed track power to live frog by mechanical or electronic switches
* Use "DCC-ready" or "DCC-friendly turnouts" if possible.
* If using PECO Electrofrogs, test metal rolling stock wheels for shorting between switch and stock rails. Consider modifying if problem occurs. Insulated rail joiners on the point railsThe Point Rails in conjunction with the Wing Rails form the Frog. are required.
* If using PECO Insulfrogs, test metal rolling stock wheels for shorting at the point rails.This is an issue often related to wheel sets lacking the recommended 3º taper. Insulated rail joiners on the point rails will eliminate this issue.
* For more information on Shinohara turnouts, see the page for Shinohara
===Wiring===
This diagram shows where to feed track power to a typical turnout. Basically, feed power everywhere an arrow is shown and do not rely on the metal rail joiners, they don't always make reliable electrical joints.
In particular, try to feed power to all of the separate metal rail components in each turnout (except the guard rails). If two components are already electrically bonded with with internal wires (usually on the underside) then you only need to feed one of them.
Many turnouts (Peco is an exception) have the bonding wires already installed as shown between the stock rails and the closure rails. They might not be exactly as shown on the diagram (they can be on the other side
of the frog for example) but if they're not there then ideally you should add them.
Finally, if the frog is live, wire up a frog feed from a frog polarity switch or a Frog Juicer.
==PECO Turnouts==
PECO turnouts cause a lot of confusion but fundamentally, all PECO turnouts can be used with DCC. There are a few reasons for the confusion. First, they come in two varieties, Insulfrog and Electrofrog. Second, even though PECO say they are "DCC-Ready", it can be argued that they are not "DCC-friendly". A third variety, the UniFrog, is beginning to appear. This new design will replace the Insulfrog and Electrofrog in time. 
=== PECO Unifrog ===
PECO has introduced their new Unifrog design, which combines the Insulfrog and the Electrofrog concepts into one. PECO intends to discontinue the Insulfrog and Electrofrog products over time, replacing them with the Unifrog design.
===PECO Insulfrog Turnouts===
PECO Insulfrog turnouts are power routing or self-isolating and therefore, it's not just good practice - one must wire all routes out of the turnout to avoid losing DCC power to a siding that is not selected.
===PECO Electrofrog Turnouts===
PECO Electrofrogs are simple to wire up for DCC, no special wiring is required. For more details, see the PECO Electrofrog article.
==See Also==
* General Wiring Topics for DCC
* Types of Turnouts
* Methods of Operating Turnouts
* DCC Friendly Turnout
* Wiring Diamond Crossings, Slips, Scissor Crossings, etc.
* Soldering for Electronics
Category:Wiring
Category:Trackwork
Category:PECO
Worm Gear

Category:Terms
A worm gear is the gear, which looks like a screw, mounted on the output shaft of the motor. 
As the shaft spins, the power is transmitted from the screw to a spur gear engaged with it. This serves the purpose of speed reduction and torque multiplication. Additional gears transmit the power to the axles, allowing the locomotive to move down the track.
It is very important that the gears do not bind or jam, as this could damage the motor and decoder. The gear train should be examined and lubricated at regular intervals. Prior to conversion to DCC, check the operation of the locomotive and make any adjustments needed, as well as lubrication.
New locomotives may have too much, or not enough lubrication. The gears should be cleaned and lubed to allow them to wear in. If the locomotive was sitting for a long period of time, the grease used may have hardened on the gears and require removal prior to the locomotive being placed on the layout.
Older locomotives may have worn or broken gears. A noisy locomotive, or one that jumps in operation, is suspect. Some brands had issues with gears splitting, even when purchased brand new. Replacement gears and gearboxes are available, and it may even be possible to change the ratio to improve operation.
See the animation here (wikipedia): Worm Gear
XOR

Category:Terms
== The XOR Function ==
An XOR is a Boolean Algebra function. Mathematically, it performs addition of the inputs.
The term means Exclusive OR. It performs addition only when the inputs are in different states. Since the term OR is ambiguous when both inputs are the same, the Exclusive OR excludes that situtation.
=== XOR Truth Table ===
A two input XOR gate will have the following truth table:
Input A	Input B	Output Q
0 	0 	0
1 	0 	1
0 	1 	1
1 	1 	0
As the truth table shows, it can be one or the other but not both. An XNOR gate would have the output inverted. Logic gates can also have multiple inputs, but the result would still be the same.
=== Application ===
When the command station creates a digital packet, it takes the address and instruction bytes and performs an XOR operation on them. If the packet contains more than two bytes, it continues the process by XORing each subsequent byte with the result so far. The resulting byte is appended to the packet, which is then sent to the booster and on to the track.
:For example, if the operation is performed on two numbers, such as 200 and 120, the result would be 176. (200 ⊕ 120 = 176)
Upon receipt of a packet, the decoder again takes the address and instruction bytes and XORs all of them. The result must be the same as the error detection byte, so if the decoder does a logical operation on all of the bytes which does not result in the correct answer, the packet is discarded and the decoder awaits the next one.
Since the environment that DCC works in can be very noisy electrically, this is a simple but effective means of detecting a packet which has become corrupted.
=== Further Reading ===
Exclusive OR at Wikipedia
YD6016ES-CS

=== Features ===
* 16 current-sensing detectors, arranged in two independent blocks of 8, each with their own Common
* 2 Amp continuous current per detector, 8 Amps in total combined over the 16 detectors on the whole module
* 5 Amp short duration overload (100ms) capable per detector.
* 1-1.5mA current sensitivity
* Capacitive input filter on every input, to suppress noise on long cables and track-sections
* Configurable on- and off-delay setting for each input for optimal de-bouncing in case of non optimal wheel-track contact
* ES-OUT-Link for direct connection to an ES-Link-master
* ES-IN-Link connection to other ES-Link enabled modules for module-configuration
* Standard s88N connections over RJ45 connectors and ethernet patch cables
* Firmware updatable and settings configurable over ES-Link
* Power supply directly from ES-Link or s88 bus
YD6016ES-GND

===Features ===
* Capacitive input filter on every input, to suppress noise on long cables
* Configurable on- and off-delay setting for each input for optimal de-bouncing of pushbuttons, switches, reed contacts
* ES-OUT-Link for direct connection to an ES-Link-master
* ES-IN-Link connection to other ES-Link enabled modules for module-configuration
* Standard s88N connections over RJ45 connectors and ethernet patch cables
* Firmware updatable and settings configurable over ES-Link
* Power supply directly from ES-Link or s88 bus
YD6016LN-CS

=== Features ===
* 16 current-sensing detectors, arranged in two independent blocks of 8, each with their own Common
* 2 Amp continuous current per detector, 8 Amps in total combined over the 16 detectors on the whole module
* 5 Amp short duration overload (100ms) capable per detector.
* 1-1.5mA current sensitivity
* Capacitive input filter on every input, to suppress noise on long cables and track-sections
* Configurable on- and off-delay setting for each input for optimal de-bouncing in case of non optimal wheel-track contact
* Every input individually configurable for various actions like feedback, turnout toggle, turnout throw, turnout close
* Every input individually configurable for feedback- or turnout-address
* ES-IN-Link for direct connection of up to 5 additional YD6016ES modules (effectively creating a 96 input LocoNet module)
* ES-IN-Link connection to other ES-Link enabled modules for module-configuration
* ES-IN-Link connection to YD9101 for web-based configuration
* USB connection with one Virtual COM ports for the YD.Command protocol
* Firmware updatable over USB
* Power supply directly from LocoNet-T or -B ( or USB for easy configuration and updating on a PC )