nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Tungsten

== Description ==
Hard, gray, metallic element. Tungsten was discovered in 1783 by Juan Jose and Fausto de Elhuyar of Spain. It has an abundance of 1.5 ppm in the earth's crust and is primarily found in scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4] ores. Tungsten is mined in China, Malaya, Mexico, Canada, Bolivia, Peru, and the U.S (Texas, Alaska). Metallic tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals. It is added to steel alloys to increase strength and corrosion resistance. Metallic tungsten is used as wires and filaments in electric lamps, and furnaces. It is also used for thermocouples, spark plugs, electrical contacts, and cutting tools.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
W; Wolfraam (Ned.); tungstène (Fr.); Wolfram (Deut., Dan.); tungsteno (It.); wolframio (It., Esp.); tungsténio (Port.); volfram (Sven.) ; scheelite (CaWO4); wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4]
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|scheeliteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
== Risks ==
* Powdered tungsten is flammable and may ignite spontaneously (pyrophoric). 
* Contact may cause irritation 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Unaffected by mineral acids except for hydrofluoric mixed with nitric.
Composition 	W (atomic no. 74)
CAS 	7440-33-7
Mohs Hardness 	6.5-7.5
Melting Point 	3410 C
Density 	19.3 g/ml
Molecular Weight	atomic wt = 183.85
Boiling Point 	5927 C
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "tungsten" [Accessed 20 Sept. 2005].
* Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 81 (36) , Sept. 8, 2003 Comment: Rick Lowden, p. 142: isolated in 1783 by Spanish chemists Juan Jose and Fausto Elhuyar
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten (Accessed Sept. 20, 2005)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9945; states discovered by Scheele in 1781 and isolated by J and F de Elhuyar
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 827
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Web Elements at http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/W/key.html states discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783
Category:Materials database
Tungsten blue

==Description== 
1) Blue tungsten oxide is used primarily for the production of tungsten metal powder and tungsten carbide. It is also used to produce doping, tungsten rod, tungsten bar, tungsten wire and tungsten high density alloys. 
2) Blue tungsten tips of electrodes are composed of 2% lanthanated tungsten. They are mainstream general use electrodes that work well in both AC and DC applications and are used for welding aluminum amalgams, magnesium combinations, nickel compounds, copper composites, titanium composites, low-alloyed prepares, and non-consuming prepares.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
blue tungsten; bleu de tunstène (Fr.); Wlframblau (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "tungsten processing." Accessed 17 Mar. 2005 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* China Tungsten: Blue tungsten
* Benchmark Abrasives: Blue tungsten
Category:Materials database
Tungsten carbide

== Description ==
A gray, powdery, sintered material made by heating tungsten and lampblack at 1500-1600 C. Tungsten carbide is extremely hard and resistant to heat, wear, and chemicals. Tungsten carbide is used for abrasives, rock drill bits, metal cutting tools and ball point pen nibs. Tungsten carbide tools stay hard and sharp even at red heat temperatures.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Duromet; Carboloy; Wimet
== Risks ==
* Toxic by inhalation. 
* Contact may cause irritation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Dissolves in mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acid. 
* Insoluble in water. 
* Burns in fluorine at room temperature
Composition 	WC
CAS 	12070-12-1
Mohs Hardness 	9.5 +
Melting Point 	1780 C
Density 	15.6 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 195.86
Boiling Point 	6000 C
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 829
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9945
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* R.M.Organ, Design for Scientific Conservation of Antiquities, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 1968
Category:Materials database
Tungsten halogen

== Description ==
A type of incandescent lamp first developed in 1959. Tungsten halogen lamps have a tungsten filament inside a quartz bulb filled with halogen. The halogen filled bulbs burn brighter and longer than tungsten lamps filled with inert gases. Tungsten halogen lamps were developed for use as flood lights and spot lights in stadiums, theaters. In recent years, however, most are being replaced by metal halide bulbs which are about 3 times more intense. Tungsten halogen lamps are used for photographic lamps with vidicon cameras because they emit more infrared radiation than tungsten lamps. Halogen lamps have a longer lifetime (about 3000 hours) than other types of normal incandescent lamps.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tungsten incandescent lamp; quartz halogen; halogen lightbulb; halogen lamp
== Risks ==
* Generates heat
* Can cause burns.
==Resources and Citations==
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Website: www.gelighting.com/na/institute/ul_last100.html - gives date of first halogen lamp as 1959
Category:Materials database
Tungsten lamp

== Description ==
A type of incandescent lamp. Tungsten lamps were patented in 1913 by William Coolidge. The long-burning bulbs have a tungsten filament inside a sealed glass bulb filled with argon and nitrogen. Tungsten halogen lamps have a tungsten filament inside a quartz bulb filled with halogen. The halogen filled bulbs burn brighter and longer than tungsten lamps filled with inert gases. Non-halogen filled tungsten lamps are the most frequently used incandescent lamp. Their color temperature is warmer than fluorescent. They emit little UV light but produce large amounts of IR. They are used indoors and outdoors for many types of lighting. In museums, tungsten lamps, with IR filters, are often used for photographing art objects because of their high color rendering index.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tungsten filament bulb; tungsten incandescent bulb
==Risks==
* Generates heat
* Can cause burns
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Color temperature ~ 2500 K 
* Color rendering index = 92 
* UV emissions can vary from 12-80 microwatts per lumen depending on type of bulb, power and filament temperature.
==Resources and Citations==
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Tungsten trioxide

== Description ==
Yellow powder used as for fireproofing textiles. Tungsten trioxide, or anhydrous tungstic acid, is also used as a high temperature yellow pigment in ceramics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
anhydrous tungstic acid; anhydrous wolframic acid; tungstic oxide; tungsten oxide
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Noncombustible.
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in hydrofluoric acid and alkalis.
Composition 	WO3
CAS 	1314-35-8
Melting Point 	1473 C
Density 	7.16 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 231.86
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 694
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9946
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
Category:Materials database
Tungsten wire

== Description ==
A thin, strong wire or filament made from metallic tungsten. Tungsten wire can be used to make tungsten needles with extremely fine tips.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
fil de tungstène (Fr.); Wolframdraht (Deut.); wolfraam draad (Ned.); arame de tungsténio (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 827
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
Category:Materials database
Tungstic acid

== Description ==
Yellow powder. Tungstic acid is used as a mordant for dyeing textiles. It is also used as a colorant in plastics.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
wolframic acid; orthotungstic acid
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|tungstic acid.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Fisher Scientific: MSDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in hydrofluoric acid and alkalis. Insoluble in water.
Composition 	H2WO4
CAS 	7783-03-1
Density 	5.5 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 249.88
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 694
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9948
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
Category:Materials database
Tupelo

== Description ==
A medium sized deciduous tree, such as Nyssa sylvatica and Nyssa aquatica, native to the eastern United States. Tupelo trees produce a stiff, tough wood that is hard to split. It is used for pallets, baskets, boxes, veneer, barrels and firewood. Tupelo bark dye has good washfastness and fair lightfastness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
black gum (Nyssa sylvatica); sour gum; pepperidge; beetlebung; water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Medium sized tree growing to 25 m. 
* Bark=grayish brown with shallow, irregular furrows. 
* Leaf=simple alternate, pinnately veined oval (3-5 inches long) with coarse teeth, turning an intense red/purple color in fall.
* Fruit = purple drupe (1 cm) ripening in late summer. 
* Density = 35 ppcf. 
Paper fiber type: hardwood, diffuse porous. Using transmitted light microscopy, pulp is identified by long vessels with profuse opposite pitting. Spirals may be present on tips. Perforations are scalariform with >15 bars. Appearance with Graff "C" stain: dark blue, but varies with bleaching. Average dimensions of fibers: length, 1.8mm. 20-32μm wide. Common pulping method: kraft.
==Additional Images==
Blackgum opp pitting 40x.jpg|Black gum paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
Blackgum 40x.jpg|Black gum paper pulp stained with Graff "C" stain
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 380
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* Hardwood Manufacturers Institute, Memphis, Tenn.: air-dry weight = 35 ppcf
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: Tupelo (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005 and October 2024)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Marja-Sisko Ilvessalo-Pfäffli. Fiber Atlas: Identification of Papermaking Fibers (Springer Series in Wood Science). Springer, 1995. 
* Walter Rantanen. "Fiber ID Course." Integrated Paper Services. June 2013. Lecture.
Category:Materials database
Tupelo bark

== Description ==
Bark from tupelo or black gum trees (Nyssa sylvatica) native to the eastern United States. Tupelo bark will give wool a khaki color using an alum mordant. Tupelo bark dye has good washfastness and fair lightfastness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
black gum bark, sour gum bark; pepperidge bark; Nyssa sylvatica
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 380
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Tupperware

== Description ==
[Tupperware] A registered trademark for a series of plastic storage containers. Tupperware Corporation was founded by Earl Tupper, a former DuPont chemist. Tupperware® containers were first sold as a consumer product in 1946. They are composed of polyethylene and have very low permeability to moisture and air. Tupperware is durable, flexible, odorless and lightweight. The bowls have a patented seal designed to minimize leaks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
polyethylene; polythene
==Resources and Citations==
* Tupperware: Company
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* M.Kaufman, The First Century of Plastics, The Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, 1963
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Turkey

== Description ==
A large gamebird native to North and Central America (Meleagris gallapavo and Meleagris ocellata). Turkeys have been hunted and domesticated for their meat. Their feathers have been used for decoration.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallapavo); Mexican ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata); (Dan.); Truthühner (Deut.); pavo común (Esp.); dinde (Fr.); gallopoula (Gr.); tamegol hodu (Heb.); kalkoen (Ned.); kalkun (Nor.); peru (Port.); shichimencho (Jap.); chilmyeonjo (Kor.); huoji (Chin.); hindi (Turk.)
== Additional Images ==
File:turkeyswp2.jpg|Wild turkeys Melagris gallopavo
File:turkeywp2.jpg|White turkey female Melagris gallopavo
File:Dindonf5.jpg|Turkey Melagris gallopavo
File:Occelated Turkey.jpg|Occelated Turkey Melagris ocellata
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "turkey." Accessed 20 Dec. 2004 .
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_%28bird%29 (accessed Dec 20, 2004)
Category:Materials database
Turkey oak

== Description ==
A large deciduous tree, Quercus cerris, native to Europe and Asia Minor. Turkey oak produced a hard, strong wood. It has been used for furniture, construction, coffins, wagons, boats, tools, roofing, statuary and veneer (Gale et al 2000). The southern red oak native to the United States has a local name of turkey oak.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Quercus cerris; chêne de Turquie (Fr.); carvalho da Turquia (Port.); cerro (It.)
== Risks ==
* Wood is susceptible to cracking and splitting
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Large tree growing to 40 m. 
* Bark=dark grey with deep furrows. 
* Leaves=obovoate (7-14 cm0 with 6-12 triangular lobes. 
* Fruit=large acorns (2-5 cm)
==Resources and Citations==
* R.Gale, P.Gasson, N.Hepper, G.Killen, "Wood" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 334-371.
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_oak (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Turkey red

== Description ==
An unstandardized hue name for a deep red color. Turkey red originally referred madder obtained from the Near East. Lake pigments or dyed cloth prepared from the madder were also given the Turkey red name. The name continued to be used for synthetic colorants of the same hue.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Adrianople red; Levant red; turkinpunainen (Fin.); turkiskt rött (Sven.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 475
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Website: http://www.coloria.net/varita.htm - foreign language equivalent terms
Category:Materials database
Turkey red oil

== Description ==
A viscous liquid used as an anionic surfactant. Turkey red oil is prepared by treating castor oil with sulfuric acid followed by washing and neutralization. Because cotton fibers pretreated with Turkey red oil give a brighter color, the oil was used as a dyeing assistant in the 19th century and at one point was called alizarin assistant. Turkey red oil is also used in soaps and in the manufacture of leathers and paper.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Turkey-red oil; sulfated castor oil; sulfonated castor oil; red oil; alizarin oil; alizarin assistant
== Risks ==
* Combustible.
* DC Fine Chemicals: SDS
== Other Properties ==
* Miscible with water. 
* Iodine no. = 82.1 
* Acid no. = 174.3 
* Saponification no. = 189.3
* Density = 0.95 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 160
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 9953
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Castor Oil." Accessed 14 Apr. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Turkey umber

== Description ==
A name given to raw umber that was quarried in Cyprus but shipped through Istanbul. See Cyprus umber.
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Turmeric paper

== Description ==
An acid indicating paper. Turmeric paper is an absorbent filter paper dye with the extract from turmeric roots. It contains curcumin which is an acid-base indicator. Curcumin is yellow with acids (below pH 7.4) and a reddish brown with alkalis (above pH 8.6). Curcumin also turns brown in the presence of boron compounds such as boric acid. Turmeric is commonly used as a yellow dye in paper made in the Punjab.
Category:Materials database
Turnbull's blue

== Description ==
An inorganic blue pigment. Turnbull's blue is a complex ferric ferricyanide that is produced by reacting a ferrous salt with potassium ferricyanide. It is made as an intermediate in the production of Prussian blue, but is not the same compound. Turnbull's blue is not used as a paint pigment but it is used in making blueprints. Blueprint paper is sensitized with ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. When the paper is exposed to light, the ferric ions are reduced to ferrous ions (Lewis 1993)..
Category:Materials database
Turner's yellow

== Description ==
A strong yellow pigment also known as patent yellow or lead oxychloride (PbCl2.5-7PbO). Turner's yellow was discovered in 1770 by Scheele, but it was not patented till the early 19th century by J. Turner in England. Turner's yellow was made by mixing powdered lead chloride with lead carbonate then fusing. This yellow pigment was used for a short time in oil paints, but its sensitivity to light and sulfur fumes limited its use and it was replaced by chrome yellow pigments.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
patent yellow (PbCl2.5-7PbO); Cassel yellow (PbCl2-7PbO); jaune minéral (Fr.); Turnersgelb (Deut.); Turners Gelb (Deut.); Englischgelb (Deut.); giallo minerale (It.); loodchloride oxide (Ned.); Montpelier yellow; Kassler yellow; mineral yellow; Verona yellow
== Risks ==
Turns black when exposed to water, UV light and sulfur fumes.
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 445
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Thomas B. Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Turnsole

== Description ==
A natural purple dye obtained from the seeds of the European turnsole plant, Chrozophora tinctoria. Turnsole is an acid-base indicator dye that is red in acid and blue to violet in alkalis. It was used as a violet watercolor pigment in 14th century Italian manuscripts (Gettens and Stout 1966). Turnsole was also used as a purple textile dye from medieval times to the 17th century. It is not lightfast.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
heliotrope trioccum; sunflower blue; Chrozophora tinctoria; tornasol (Esp.); tournesol (Fr.); tornesol (Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5574
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database