nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Microballoon

== Description ==
A common name for glass or ceramic compounds that are physically formed into microscopic spheres. Microballoons, or microspheres, are finely divided, free-flowing particles that have high strength. The soft, white powder is used as low density extender in 
plastics and adhesives. Microballoons are also used in industry for filtration systems, as containers for radioactive traces, for thermal insulation layers in nonwoven fabrics, and to form a protective layer over liquid surfaces. In conservation, they have been added to resins to decrease the weight of large filled regions. Examples are: 
* Scotchlite glass bubbles [3M]: made from soda-lime/ borosilicate glass; 
* Zeeosphere: made from a white opaque ceramic.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microsphere; microballoons; glass sphere; microesferas de vidro (Port.); Scotchlite [3M] glass bubbles; Zeeosphere [3M]; Microballoon Filler [Top Flite]; 410 Microlight [West Systems]
== Risks ==
* Noncombustible. Skin and eye contact can cause irritation.
* 3M Glass Bubbles: SDS
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Insoluble in water
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
Category:Materials database
Microcard

== Description ==
A white opaque index card (4 x 6 inches, 10 x 15 cm) that contains photographically reduced reproductions of printed or graphic material, such as books, newspapers, magazines or documents. About 40 book pages are held on one card. The resultant images are too small to read with the unaided eye and thus, a microcard reader is required to magnify the images for viewing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microform
Category:Materials database
Microcline

== Description ==
A variety of potash 
feldspar that is chemically identical to 
orthoclase. However microcline has a triclinic crystalline system while orthoclase has a monoclinic crystalline system. Microcline may be clear, white, pale-yellow, brick-red, or green. Under a polarizing microscope, microcline displays a minute multiple twinning that forms a grating-like pattern. Amazon stone, or 
amazonite, is a green microcline that has been used since antiquity for decorative items. Microcline is used in making glass, porcelain, and enamel. Major deposits are found in Italy (Baveno), Norway (Kragerø), Madagascar, Russia (the Urals), and the U.S. (Colorado).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
amazonite; feldspar; microclina (Esp., Port.); microklien (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Microcline, PMA.TIF~FTIR (PMA)|Microcline IR-ATR RRUFF R050150.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)|Microcline Raman RRUFF R050150.png~Raman (RRUFF)|microclineRS.jpg~Raman (RASMIN)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Color= colorless, white, pale-yellow, brick-red, or green 
* Crystal system = triclinic, exhibits albite twinning (grating pattern) 
* Cleavage = perfect in one direction and good in another
* Fracture = uneven 
* Luster = vitreous
* Streak = white 
* Fluorescence = generally inert; may show weak yellowish green in LW
* Pleochroism = absent
Composition 	K2O-Al2O3-6SiO2
Mohs Hardness 	6.0-6.5
Density 	2.5-2.6 g/ml
Refractive index	1.514- 1.539
Birefringence 	undetectable to 0.007
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 316
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "microcline" [Accessed March 4, 2002]
* Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technologies, Paul Nicholson, Ian Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 Comment: B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" p. 21-22.
* Wikipedia: Microcline (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Microcrystalline wax

== Description ==
A high molecular weight hydrocarbon wax that has a fine crystalline structure. Microcrystalline waxes were first made in the late 1930s by Baker Petrolite in Barnsdall, Oklahoma. It is the remaining fraction of paraffin wax after the lower molecular weight waxes are removed. Microcrystalline wax is chemically inert, and in general, a stronger adhesive than paraffin wax. It can be softened by adding mineral oil or petroleum solvent. Microcrystalline wax does not emulsify easily but can be modified with a catalyst to produce an oxidized, emulsifiable form that is used in hard, self-polishing floor wax. Microcrystalline wax is used in laminating paper and foils as well as for polishes. It polishes to a glass clear, smooth, non-sticky finish. 
See also mineral wax.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|MFA- Microcrystalline wax.jpg~FTIR]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
petrolatum wax; cera microcristalina (Esp.); cire microcristalline (Fr.); cera microcristallina (It); 
Examples include: Multiwax W445; Bareco® 85C (185F); Be Square® 77-92C (170-197F); Bareco® Victory 74C (165F); Cosmolloid 85C (185F); Renaissance Wax
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Iodine value=0, acid value=0, saponification value=0
Melting Point 	60-93 C
Density 	0.915-0.941 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.441
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 591
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* A History of Technology, Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall (eds.), Clarendon Press, Oxford, Volume 1: From Early times to Fall of Ancient Empires, 1954
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: melting point=71-89C, density=0.928-0.941, ref. index = 1.441, iodine value=0, acid value=0, saponification value=0
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcrystalline_wax (Accessed Feb. 10, 2006)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Microencapsulation

== Description ==
A technique that encloses a material, such as an adhesive, in dissolvable or breakable capsules. The capsule may be made from glass, silica, synthetic resins or gelatin. The internal substance can be released quickly, as when the capsule is broken, or released over a lengthy period of time, as in time-release medicine. Microencapsulated adhesives are designed to act instantly when the capsules are broken. Microencapsulated dyes are used in carbonless copy paper where pressure breaks the capsules and releases the ink.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microencapsulation (Fr.)
Category:Materials database
Microenvironment

== Description ==
The localized environmental condition inside a small, enclosed area, such as a box or display case. A microenvironment can be set and maintained at specified light, temperature, and humidity levels. Temperature can be controlled with heaters and chillers. Humidity can be altered using 
saturated salt solutions, 
silica gel, 
desiccants, or 
water vapor. The ability to stabilize an internal environment depends on the difference in the internal and external conditions as well as on the diffusion and leakage rates of the separating barrier.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microclimate; micro-climate; controlled environment; Mikroklima (Deut.); micro-environnement (Fr.); microambiente (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Microfiche

== Description ==
A transparent, flat sheet of microfilm that is usually the size of an index card (4 x 6 inches, 10 x 15 cm). Microfiche contain photographically reduced reproductions of printed or graphic material, such as books, newspapers, magazines or documents. About 40 book pages are held on one card. The resultant images are too small to read with the unaided eye and thus, a microfiche reader is required to magnify the images for viewing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microform
==Resources and Citations==
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
Category:Materials database
Microfilm

== Description ==
A thin strip of 35-mm film, stored on a roll, that contains reduced images of printed or graphic material, such as books, newspaper, magazines or documents. The resultant images are too small to read with the unaided eye and thus, a microfilm reader is required to magnify the images for viewing. The use of microfilm reduces storage space for, as well as the movement and handling of, original documents and books. Microfilming is one method that has been used for preserving the content of deteriorating material (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
Category:Materials database
Microform

== Description ==
Any film format that contains micro-images, such as microfiche or microfilm.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microvorm (Nedt.); microforme (Fr.); Microform (Deut.); microformati (It.); microforma (Esp.); mikroform (Sven.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s30/pub/mgl.htm
Category:Materials database
Micrograph

== Description ==
A photograph or drawing of a magnified object as seen through by a microscope.
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Micrometer

== Description ==
1) A unit of length that is equal to one millionth of a meter or one thousandths of a millimeter. An old, but still common, name for micrometer is micron. The preferred SI (International System of Units) term is micrometer. 
2) A precision instrument used to accurately measure thickness, distance or angles of small areas or thin materials. Micrometers are often used in conjunction with a microscope.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
micron; um; Mikrometer (Deut.); micromètre (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Micron

== Description ==
A unit of length that is equal to one millionth of a meter or one thousandths of a millimeter. Micron is an old, but still common, name for micrometer. The preferred SI (International System of Units) term is micrometer.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
micrometer; um; Mikrometer (Deut.); micron (Fr.); micromètre (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Microscope

== Description ==
A device that produces a magnified image of small objects using either optical, acoustical, or electronic imaging sources. An optical microscope uses visible light passing through one or more lenses to produce the enlarged image. Some types of optical microscopes are: monocular, binocular, stereoscopic, compound, polarizing, phase, and fluorescent. The compound microscope, using an objective and an eyepiece, was first constructed in the Netherlands sometime between 1590 and 1608 by either of three spectacle makers—Hans Jansen, his son Zacharias, and Hans Lippershey. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to form images of 1,000 to 1,000,000 times magnifications. Other special microscopes, such as acoustic microscopes or scanning tunneling microscopes can go to even higher magnifications.
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, Standard Terminology of Microscopy, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14, General Methods and Instrumentation, ASTM, E175, 75-78, May 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Microscope. Retrieved June 5, 2003.
* Walter C. McCrone, John Gustave Delly, The Particle Atlas, W. McCrone Associates, Chicago, IV, 1972
Category:Materials database
Microsphere, inorganic

== Description ==
Hollow glass (Scotchlite glass bubble [3M]), 
silica, or 
ceramic (
Zeeosphere) balls that are used as fillers to add volume and decrease weight. 
See also 
microballoon.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microballoon; microesferas de vidro (Port.); Scotchlite [3M] glass bubble; Zeeosphere [3M]; Microballoon Filler [Top Flite]; 410 Microlight [West Systems]
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
Category:Materials database
Microsuede

==Description== 
A soft, napped fabric made with synthetic microfibers that are woven or knitted together to form a fabric. Microsuede fabric undergoes processes like brushing, sanding, or chemical treatments to create the characteristic "nap" and soft texture of Suede leather. In general, it is more durable than real suede, resisting wear and tear better. Additionally, it is usually machine-washable and less expensive than genuine suede. Common uses include clothing, upholstery, and accessories.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
synthetic suede; faux suede; polysuede
Products: UltraSuede [Toray]; Sueded polyethylene (Benchmark); Angelsuede (Fishman's Fabrics); Novasuede (Majilite); Sensuede (American Silk Mills)
* See Faux suede for a table of comparative properties
==Resources and Citations==
Category:Materials database Category:MWG
Microwave

== Description ==
The portion of the electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 1 mm and 1 m and with frequencies of 1 gigahertz to 1 terahertz. Microwaves were first produced in 1886 by Hertz, but they weren't widely used the second half of the 20th century, when microwave generators, such as the klystron and magnetron, were developed. Microwaves are primarily used to transmit high-speed telecommunication signals between satellites and Earth, e.g., television, and cell phone. Microwaves are also used for heating food and for disinfecting materials. They are absorbed by water and fat in foodstuffs and produce heat from the inside. The heating effect of microwaves destroys living tissue when the temperature of the tissue exceeds 43° C (109° F).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
microwaves
==Resources and Citations==
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "microwave" [Accessed August 30, 2002].
Category:Materials database
Midnight Gray granite

== Description ==
A fine grain, light gray 
granite with black and white markings. Midnight Gray granite is quarried in Oglethorpe County, Georgia. It has been used for monuments and buildings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Midnight Grey granite
==Resources and Citations==
* National Building Granite Quarries Association at http://www.nbgqa.com/color.htm
* New England Stone at http:/www.nestone.com/colors.htm
Category:Materials database
Migration

== Description ==
The movement of molecules of ions within the structure of a material. Migration may occur when two materials are in intimate contact, such as an adhesive on the broken edge of a ceramic piece. Migration occurs if one or more of the components from the adhesive seep or wick into the clay. In any material, regions of high concentration will try to form an equilibrium with regions of low concentration. Diffusion and capillary action can aid the process.
Category:Materials database
Mildew

== Description ==
The early stage of growth of any of several types of 
mold or 
fungi. Mildews cause a white to black downy and often smelly film on the surface of organic materials. The two most common species are Aspergillus glaucus and Penicillium glaucum. Mildew is most often found in warm, damp, dark areas and can often look like dirt. It excretes organic acids, such as citric, oxalic, 
gluconic, etc., that can damage the growth substrate. These acids can discolor dyed textiles, paper, paint and leather. Mildew can also produce colored bodies that stain materials. Mildew growth can be inhibited by 
fungicides or minimized by a clean environment that has sunlight, dry circulating air, and relatively low temperatures (Roberts and Etherington 1982).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mold
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
A drop of bleach with discolor and kill mildew but does not affect dirt.
== Resources and Citations ==
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Mary-Lou Florian, Fungal Facts: solving fungal problems in heritage collections, Archetype, London, 2002
* George Savage, Art and Antique Restorer's Handbook, Rockliff Publishing Corp, London, 1954
* AMOL reCollections Glossary - http://amol.org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
Category:Materials database
Milford Pink granite

== Description ==
A medium-to coarse-grain, pink 
granite with beige and black 
mica flakes quarried near Milford, Massachusetts. Milford Pink granite is used for buildings and monuments. Examples of its use include the Federal Reserve Building and the First Division Memorial in Washington, DC.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
* National Building Granite Quarries Association at http://www.nbgqa.com/color.htm
Category:Materials database
Milk

== Description ==
A nutritional liquid produced by female mammary glands to feed newborn mammals. Milk from domesticated animals (cows, goats, sheep) has been used as a human food source, either directly or as processed into butter and cheese. Milk is essentially an emulsion of 
fat (4%) and 
protein (3%) in water, along with dissolved sugar (
lactose), minerals (
calcium, 
phosphorus), and vitamins (B, C and D).
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|aaiCHEESE.jpg~FTIR]]]
Category:Materials database
Milk of lime

== Description ==
An aqueous solution of 
calcium hydroxide produced by slaking 
lime. Milk of lime, or limewater, is a colorless, somewhat milky, solution that is weakly alkaline as calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble in water. Limewater was used to saturate plaster before the application of secco colors. It is also used in calamine solutions and as an antacid.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
limewater
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Milk paint

== Description ==
Prior to 1900, milk paint was synonymous with 
casein paint. However, when casein became commercially available at the beginning of the 20th century, then the term milk paint was only used to refer to homemade paints which tended to be less pure than the commercial casein paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
casein paint; peinture à base de lait (Fr.);
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Typically unaffected by modern paint strippers. May soften with strong ammonia.
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Paint in America, Robert Moss (ed.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994 Comment: M.Phillips, "A Survey of Paint Technolology"
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
Category:Materials database