nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Crime of contempt

Insult assault, Crime of contempt or Offense of context(모욕죄) refers to a crime committed by publicly insulting a person.
Many advanced countries, including Europe, Japan and the United States, have had their "crime of contempt" unenforced or repealed. On the other hand, South Korea still regards this as a crime even though it infringes on freedom of speech.
The bigger problem is that public figures such as celebrities and politicians are over-issuing criminal lawsuits related to offense-of-context charges against ordinary citizens. 
For example, this is the latest case. Around August 2019, left-wing nationalist woman netizens denounced conservative right-wing politician 'Na Kyung-won'(나경원) as "pro-Japanese bitch" and "Whore of Shinzō Abe". In response, Na sued 170 netizens who used abusive language against him on the net. (Even though I didn't swear directly at Na Kyung-won.)나경원, 악성댓글 쓴 누리꾼 170명 고소…누리꾼 반응은. 8 Aug 2019. 서울신문
This complaints involving offense of context is a common occurrence in South Korea. The UN is concerned about Korea's freedom of expression and called for the abolition of the offense of context law, but a majority of politicians and public figures in Korea oppose a repeal of the law.
Ironically, South Korea's conservative forces argue that freedom of expression is limited in this matter, and hate speech also shows an absurd double standard, which they claim is freedom of expression.
Most developed countries do not criminally punish the 'Crime of contempt', which is only a minor swearing contention, but the hate speech related to minority groups is clearly criminal. The UN is also calling on the South Korean government to abolish the 'Crime of contempt' and instead create a law that punishes hate speech.
In short, even if homophobia say to unspecified homosexuals, "The faggot is psychotic and should be treated.", you cannot punish them (because there is no law in S.Korea that punishes hate speech), but if a gay person becomes angry and calls him "son of bitch", homophobia cub will be able to punish him with 'Crime of content'.
==References==
Category:South Korean law
Category:Authoritarianism
Crimen sollicitationis

Crimen sollicitationis was a 1962 decree issued by the Vatican that laid out the procedures for dealing with Roman Catholic priests who solicit sex from parish congregants during confession. It was also used as the instruction manual for investigating child sexual abuse by priests. This updated a similar decree issued in 1922.Thomas Doyle, The 1922 Instruction and the 1962 Instruction "Crimen Sollicitationis," Promulgated by the Vatican, 2008
Written in Latin, the Crimen was sent to every diocese around the world, where it was locked away from all eyes except for those priests who were commissioned with investigating accusations of sexual abuse by priests. Instead of using the Crimen to punish and dismiss priests, diocese investigators used it to silence the accusers.Johann Hari, "The Pope, the Prophet, and the religious support for evil", The Independent, 2010. Section 11 of the Crimen required that all testimony given in such cases be sealed. Anyone caught discussing the testimony at these tribunals was to be excommunicated. This may have even included the victims of the abuse and their parents, families, and friends.INSTRUCTION On the Manner of Proceeding in Causes involving the Crime of Solicitation. The victims, parents, families, and friends are, presumably, covered by the phrase "... those delegated, questioned or informed ..."
Although the Vatican stopped enforcing the Crimen in 2001, many abuse victims are still afraid of being excommunicated if they discuss their cases. During the last 20 years that the Crimen was enforced, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger — later Pope Benedict XVI — was the edict's lead enforcer.Transcript of "Sex crimes and the Vatican", a BBC documentary.
==External links==
*
*Video: "Sex Crimes and the Vatican" — From the BBC news magazine Panorama. Discusses the abuse case in Ireland that led to the public discovery of the Crimen sollicitationis. (29 September 2006 — 39 minutes)
*Spanish leftist ska-punk band ska-p made a song about the infamous document where they sharply criticize the Catholic Church.
Category:Catholicism
Category:Crime
Category:Latin phrases
Category:Paedophilia
==References==
Crimes against humanity

The concept of crimes against humanity is a part of international customary law, and is not currently recognized by a dedicated international treaty.Crimes Against Humanity United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect The concept was first used in 1915 by the Allied forces of World War I (then France, Great Britain, and Russia) with regards to the mass killings of Armenians within the Ottoman Empire.
The 1998 Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court represents the current consensus on what characterizes crimes against humanity.Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) The statute defines crimes against humanity as consisting of three parts: a physical element, a contextual element, and a mental element. The physical element consists of any of:
The contextual element is "when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population." The mental element is "with knowledge of the attack." Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity do not need to be linked to an armed conflict.
The first prosecutions of crimes against humanity were made in 1945 during the Nuremberg trials following the culmination of World War II. Other prosecutions have been made in connection with:
*Wars in the former-Yugoslavia
*Rwandan Genocide
*Civil war in Sierra Leone
*Khmer Rouge
The ICC has also issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin, in connection to the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine,, and and Benjamin Netanyahu for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the 2023-2024 Gaza War.
==See also==
*Ethnic cleansing
*Genocide
*War crimes
==References==
==Notes==
 
Category:Law
CrimethInc.

CrimethInc. is an American anarchist and moonbat organization that tends to subscribe to the "lifestyle" school of anarchism. It's probably best known for its extreme viewpoints on virtually everything, most especially work which they typically view as a form of slavery that must be abolished if true individual freedom is to be achieved. The word 'crimethink' comes from George Orwell's novel 1984, meaning thoughtcrime.
They take their views rather farther than usual, such as opposing the domestication of any animals,Which they nearly equate to the Holocaust supporting crimes (such as shopliftinghttp://www.crimethinc.com/texts/days/shoplifting.php), and endorsing… interesting characters like the Unabomber. Like most lifestylists, they write about the joys of dumpster diving and generally living outside modern society.
They are more well-known specifically for their opposition to democracy, which they constantly lambast as being detrimental to individual autonomy. Their dislike of it has resulted in ire from traditional left-libertarian anarchists who argue that democracy, despite not being an entirely flawless solution, is a necessity in maintaining anarchist societies once they are effected.Here is a good counterargument made by a traditional anarchist against Crimethinc's stance on the issue
Such views have naturally resulted in Crimethinc. gaining a reputation as a host to bourgeois post-left anarchist beliefs rather than a genuinely good, seriously minded source of anarchist philosophy.
==See also==
*Work refusal
==References==
Category:Anarchism
Category:Hard green
Cringe culture

Cringe culture is an online version of the age-old practice of the Mockery and Ridicule of the weak and vulnerable; most notably, their expression through creative arts.The Problem With Cringe Culture - The Caffeine Book Warrior It takes on many forms; such as forums and image boards obsessing on the eccentrics and their creations, to cringe compilations on video platforms like YouTube. Because of this practice of mockery towards one's own self-expression under the guise of anonymity, it was inevitably used by neoreactionaries to attack progressive individuals (such as Feminists and the LGBT Community) for their disdain of the status quo through their medium of choice. While it gained attention for it naturally being linked to cyber-bullying and Doxxing in the mid-2010s (along with victims speaking out against the harrassmentCringe culture comic by bludragongal on Tumblr), it will not die out regardless of the stances many of the platforms take on online harassment; though it did help in lessening the impact on the web as it once does.Cringe Culture is Dead, and Good Riddance - Only Fun Things 
==History==
Cringe culture was spawned from r/cringe, created by Reddit user drumcowski. While its founder intended forum users to have empathy for the people targeted by its posts,He was aware he was on Reddit, right? the subreddit became a hotspot for bullying and mocking people. Drumcowski hasn't shut down the subreddit for fear that other, crueler copycats with less strict moderation would rise to take its place.
Cringe culture has spread to other social media websites. YouTube is full of cringe compilations, while Instagram "flop" accounts post pictures of other people's work so that they can be mocked en masse.
==Example targets==
Cringe culture often targets works (such as drawings, literature, and other forms of artistic expression) by the following:
* Children
* Neurodivergent people.
* LGBT communities such as:
**Queer people (usually teens) using microlabels, neopronouns, etc
** Transgender people who don't "pass", aren't "feminine"/"masculine" enough, or are outspoken about their transitions
** Asexuals
* Adults who like "childish" thingsWhy Internet "Cringe Culture" is Harmful - Glue Magazine
* Furries
** Otherkin and therians
* Marie Kondo"Cringe culture" is just bullying for adults - New University (How dare she cheerfully teach people how they can get organized?)
==NOT examples of Cringe Culture==
* Constructive criticism that uses feedback between individuals, along with compliments and solutions in regards to said work.
* Calling someone out for creating works that promotes harmful behaviors and ideas (like paedophilia and Racism).
==See also==
*Kiwi Farms, a forum dedicated to perpetrating cringe culture and is just overall composed of creeps.
*Lolcow, a general term used to describe the common victim of cringe culture, created by above forum.
*4chan
*8chan
*Reddit
*Discord
*Encyclopædia Dramatica
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Ableism
Category:Alt-right
Category:Antifeminism
Category:Culture
Category:Homophobia
Category:Internet
Category:Sexism
Category:Social justice
Category:Transphobia
Criticality

Criticality is the event of a nuclear reactor reaching a self-sustained chain reaction. This means no external source of neutrons is required to sustain fission in the reactor core. Criticality is a precondition of producing useful amounts of energy from the reactor. The term can also be used in relation to nuclear weapons.
When a reactor is "going critical", it is not about to blow up. This is a popular misconception in fiction.http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/GoingCritical It's actually just starting to produce power and operate normally because the reactor has just begun to support an ongoing chain reaction of fissions. Nuclear detonation is caused by supercriticality under extreme conditions.
There are two kinds of criticality: delayed criticality and prompt criticality. Delayed criticality means that the chain reaction is self-sustained due to delayed neutrons, which come from the decay of short-lived fission products, but would not be if those fission products were neglected. All nuclear reactors operate in the delayed criticality regime. Prompt criticality means the reaction is self-sustaining using only the neutrons released immediately from fission, regardless of the neutrons from fission products. Nuclear bombs operate in the far reaches of the supercritical regime. Nuclear reactors are designed to prevent prompt criticality from happening in a reactor, in that it can lead to core meltdown and/or explosion (which should also be limited by containment facilities).
Accidentally assembling a critical mass of fissile material can lead to sudden bursts of radioactivity and in some cases even explosions. Such events are called criticality accidents. Several such accidents have happened in nuclear weapons programs, as well as in civilian reprocessing facilities. The worst in recent history was an accident in Tokaimura (Japan) in 1999, which killed two workers.WNA: Tokaimura Criticality Accident 1999
The term explosion, used above, does not refer to nuclear explosions. Nuclear detonation requires a mass far beyond critical of weapons-grade fissionable materials (much higher-grade than are used in power plants), under extremely demanding conditions of pressure and uniformity. These conditions are so difficult to produce through purposeful engineering that the idea of them arising randomly in the course of an accident strains credulity to the breaking point. Accidental assembly of such an extreme supercritical mass is theoretically possible, but vanishingly unlikely, as the effects of criticality would disrupt the assembly long before such a mass could be formed. Criticality, particularly in accidents, may, however, result in chemical explosions (rapid combustion of materials initiated directly or indirectly by the energy release) or physical explosions (failure of pressure containment, such as in steam pipes).
==References==
Category:Nuclear energy
Cro-Magnon

Cro-Magnon Man is the name informally given by anthropologists to the first anatomically modern human inhabitants of Europe. It does not refer, however, to any specific species, subspecies, cultural or archaeological phase. Scientists prefer the term "European Early Modern Humans" (EEMH). Cro-Magnon existed between roughly 10,000 and 45,000 years ago.Cro-Magnon Man (Anatomically Modern or Early Modern Humans)
==Popular imagination and definition==
In popular imagination, they are often grouped with Neanderthal man as "cavemen"; however modern humans and Neanderthals were distinct. 
Cro-Magnon is not a scientific definition; the term simply lumps together all European hominids that appear to be the same species as modern humans.http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/cro-magnon-1
==Brain size and intelligence==
At least some Cro-Magnon had larger brain cases than average modern humans but scientists can say nothing one way or the other as to whether their brains were as efficient as modern human brains. They made tools from antler and bone as well as other materials and had specialized tools for making clothes and engraving. Cro-Magnon also produced different types of artwork. Fossil Hominids: Cro-Magnon ManCro Magnon skull shows that our brains have shrunk
The achievements of Cro-Magnon were somewhat comparable to what modern human hunter-gatherers can do and Cro-Magnon went through life doing hunter-gatherer things for thousands and thousands of years. 
But then, about 10,000 years ago, at the start of the Neolithic Revolution, people started getting exciting new ideas. 
#People worked out how to grow their own plants
#People domesticated animals
Once those trendy innovations came up scientists stop calling them Cro-Magnon and started calling them fully modern humans.Those humans who developed animal domestication, agriculture and metallurgy all during the last 10,000 years might have been more intelligent than those who over 35,000 years or 110,000 years did not get beyond hunter-gatherer existence. Scientists have insufficient data to prove or disprove this.
==See also==
*Hominid
==External links==
*
*Why Don't We Call Them Cro-Magnon Anymore?
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Evolution
Category:Hominids
Crockus

The crockus (of shit) is a non-existent brain structure fabricated by one Dan Hodgins, some sort of education expert hack. Hodgins claims the crockus is four times bigger in girls than in boys, causing girls to "see the details" and boys to "see the big picture." This is then used to justify some bogus educational woo.
Mark Liberman of Language Log contacted Hodgins in an attempt to track down the origin of this myth. Hodgins wrote:
Apparently, Dr. Crockus also has a problem with a lack of existence (and apostrophes).
==External links==
*"Looking Through The Eyes of Boys and Girls" — the actual slides mentioning the "Crockus"
===Language Log posts===
*How Big Is Your Crockus?
*High Crockalorum
*Dr. Alfred Crockus and Crosley Shelvador, M.D.
*Crosley Shelvador Comes in From the Cold
*Dr. Crockus in Central New Jersey
*The Caring Membrane in the Brain
===Other critical posts===
*A Crockus of Shit from body impolitic
*More on Dan Hodgins and the Crockus from Liz Ditz's I Speak of Dreams
*You Can Hear Dan Hodgins on the Crockus! from Liz Ditz's I Speak of Dreams
==References==
Category:Psychology
Category:Science woo
Category:Education
Crowd psychology

Crowd psychology refers to studies and theories regarding the behaviour of crowds and of the people within them and the psychological causes and effects of crowd participation.
Many of the first works on the subject were largely theoretical and date from the late nineteenth century, an era when there was widespread concern with the dangers of rioting. The most prominent study was Gustave Le Bon's The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1895). Le Bon suggested that when people become part of a crowd, they lose almost all of their individuality, autonomy, and personal judgement and morality, becoming caught up in the crowd's collective and often irrational influence. According to Le Bon, this allows crowds to commit acts of destruction, violence, and cruelty which, individually, no one member would contemplate. Le Bon's conception of the crowd applied not only to mobs of rioters, but to any group of people, even in small numbers. Carl Jung also wrote on the subjects of crowds and on the "collective unconscious", a concept which can apply to whole societies as well as to crowds.
The crowd effect was shrewdly understood by the dictators of the twentieth century, particularly Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, who knew the level of excitement they could generate by addressing impassioned speech to huge crowds at public rallies. Hitler's ideas of crowd control through propaganda were heavily influenced by Le Bon's text.
Convergence theory is another theory regarding crowd behaviour, which emerged during the twentieth century, arguing that crowds act in a unified way, not because of the collective 'mind' of the crowd, as Le Bon suggested, but because they tend to be composed of like-minded people who are attracted into the crowd situation because of a shared interest or objective.
In reality, the truth is probably somewhere between these two models. Being part of a crowd is certainly influential on the individual's feelings and behaviour. For example, one of the reasons people attend live sport events and music concerts, other than the spectacle itself, is the atmosphere they feel as part of a crowd and the shared excitement and emotions.
==See also==
*Bandwagon
*Bystander effect
*Groupthink
category:psychologycategory:sociology
Crypto-politics

Crypto-politics is the secret support for a controversial ideology. In this case, one's ideology is kept secret in order to prevent harm to one's public image because it's controversial.Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919-1943 by Regin Schmidt (2000) Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 8772895810. It commonly takes the form of dog whistle politics. It's also a way to avoid criticism. In some cases it may be a way to avoid a violent reaction, or even state repression.
==Common usage==
Crypto-politics most often refers to either crypto-communism or crypto-fascism. Crypto-communism, pinkos or pinko commies, was used during the red scare as well as during Apartheid in South Africa. Crypto-fascism (or crypto-Nazi) was used by Gore Vidal ("crypto-Nazi" in his case) against William F. Buckley during one of their debates surrounding the police riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.Vidal vs Buckley - Crypto-Nazi Debate (Best Quality) by MetrazolElectricity (Dec 5, 2012) YouTube. at time 10:45 The equivalent term in German (Kryptofaschismus) has also appeared both earlier and later.Der getreue Korrepetitor by Theodore W. Adorno (1963) S. Fischer. p. 191."Will Ulrike Gnade oder freies Geleit?" by Heinrich Böll (10. Januar 1972) Der Spiegel.
==Physiological exhaustion and time==
Hiding one's true self can be physiologically exhausting:https://www.fastcompany.com/3051111/how-hiding-your-true-self-at-work-can-hurt-your-career
In addition, the person may not feel that they are revealing their "authentic selves".
==Examples==
===Ideologies===
* 
* 
* 
* — arguably
===Religions===
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
===People===
* Nick Fuentes — Former crypto-Nazi, decided to drop the crypto part
* John Fuerst — Crypto-racist
* Emil O. W. Kirkegaard — A secret white supremacist
* Richard Spencer — Crypto-Nazi
* People during the Red Scare
==External links==
*
*/r/unpopularopinion/
==See also==
*I'm not prejudiced, but...
*Intellectual dishonesty
*Useful idiot
*Distinction without a difference
*Public relations
==References==
Cuius regio, eius religio

Cuius regio, eius religio is a Latin phrase meaning, "whose region, his religion".
It was coined by jurists in the Holy Roman Empire, which occupied a huge chunk of Central Europe, to describe the compromise between Lutherans and Catholics in the Peace of Augsburg (1555), whereby each prince (duke, elector, margrave, count, etc) in the Empire could decide whether his subjects would be Lutheran or Catholic, without the Pope, the Emperor, or any other outside power being able to interfere. It was obviously too much to ask that individual subjects in the Empire could choose their own religion.After all, such a notion might not gel with the Biblical pronouncement of : "[...] where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them". Dissenting individuals were, instead, required to migrate to regions practicing their preferred religion. This is obviously an unacceptable practice since it is impractical for people to relocate. Just ask the 60 million New Americans that have permanently changed electoral outcomes in the US.
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) extended the principle of a list of officially permitted denominations to include Calvinism. Notably, this excluded other, less mainstream branches of Christianity like and given that the Empire was composed of over one thousand semi-sovereign states (many with enclaves and exclaves), the official religion could change a dozen times in a ten-mile stretch of land.
The principle of cuius regio, eius religio is an early statement of the essential principle of in international relations, which is to say, that a sovereign state's domestic affairs are not subject to interference by outside powers. In other words, Country A cannot attack Country B simply because it does not like the way it is handling some purely internal matter — like what religion it will follow. This ultimately gave local princes much freer hands to do what they wanted outside the religious sphere. 
== See also==
*State religion
*Freedom of religion
== Notes ==
Category:Religious terms
Category:Latin phrases