nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Nikkei 225

The Nikkei 225 Index, named for the Japanese business newspaper that calculates it, is the most widely quoted benchmark of Japanese large-cap stock performance. It is a price-weighted average of the top 225 Japanese companies in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The Nikkei 225 is calculated every 5 seconds while the Tokyo Stock Exchange is open. 
Nikkei Indexes are widely used globally as indicators of the Japanese equity market, and financial products linked to the Nikkei Indexes, such as ETFs and futures contracts, are traded around the world.
== Brief History ==
The Nikkei 225 Index was first published by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun ("Nikkei") newspaper in 1949. Its closest competitor is the S&P/TOPIX 150, which represents 150 highly liquid, large-cap Japanese stocks and 70% of total equities market value.
In 1975, in cooperation with Dow Jones & Company, Nikkei gained exclusive rights to naming and calculation of the Dow method, and started publishing the index as "the Nikkei Dow-Jones Stock Price Average." That name remained on the index until 1985. 
Movements in the Nikkei 225 are nowadays more closely correlated with the yield for 10-year U.S. Treasury bills than with any other non-Japanese market factor, according to one analysis. Downward pressure on T-bill yields such as lower Federal Reserve interest rates is currently also holding down the Nikkei 225, the author argues, which will rise when 10-year T-bill yields go north.
== Trading Vehicles ==
 
Both Nomura Asset Management and Daiwa Asset Management offer Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) tracking the Nikkei 225, both listed on the Osaka Securities Exchange. Barclay's Global Capital lists an iShares Nikkei 225 ETF on Germany's Deutsche Borse. The Nikkei 225 is traded as a future on the Osaka exchange (OSE).
Chicago's CME Group also lists dollar-denominated futures and options on futures contracts on the Nikkei 225 that are eligible for the Mutual Offset System (MOS) and so can clear either through the CME or the Singapore Exchange.
== References ==
Category:Indexes
Nikkei Inc.

Nikkei, Inc. is a Tokyo-based media company that focuses on print and online newspapers, publishing of books, magazines and music, and broadcast communications. 
 
Since 1949, the Nihon Keizai Shimbun ("Nikkei") newspaper has published the Nikkei 225 Stock Average, a price-weighted average of the top 225 Japanese companies. 
In September 2015 the Nikkei media group won U.S. antitrust approval for the $1.3 billion purchase of the Financial Times from Britain's Pearson PLC.
The purchase marks the culmination of decades of attempts by Nikkei to break into mainstream English-language media.
== Key People ==
Tsuneo Kita, President and CEO
== References ==
Nils Nilsson

__NOTOC__ 
Nils Nilsson co-founded Orc Software along with Ulrika Hagdahl. He served as CEO of the organization until 2004.
Nilsson was also a large investor in Mint II through Mint Capital.
Nilsson passed away in May of 2011.
 
== Background ==
 
Nilsson, a fluent Russian speaker, shifted much of Orc's product development, R&D and support across the Baltic Sea to St. Petersburg. 
He exited Orc in 2005.
Shortly before his death, he was founder and key man at Ruric, a Stockholm-listed fund that invests in St. Petersburg real estate.
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Deceased
Nina Mehta

__NOTOC__ 
Nina Mehta is a financial journalist and author.
Previously, she was a reporter with Bloomberg News. She joined Bloomberg on January 4, 2010, from Traders Magazine, where she was senior editor. At Bloomberg covered U.S. stock exchanges, trading and regulations, as well as high-frequency traders and dark pools. 
== Background ==
Mehta was previously senior editor at Traders Magazine, a magazine geared toward the institutional trading industry. She wrote about institutional equities, options, exchanges, ECNs, dark liquidity, broker-dealers, market-making, market structure, regulatory issues and technology. 
Before that, she was managing editor at Derivatives Strategy. 
== Education ==
Mehta received a BA in government from Wesleyan University and an MA in English from Columbia University in the City of New York.
== References ==	
Category:Journalists
Category:Bloomberg - Former Employees
Category:Bloomberg
Category:Traders Magazine - Former Employees
NinjaTrader Group, LLC

NinjaTrader, LLC is a software developer and ISV focused on retail trading. 
Its flagship product, "NinjaTrader," is a free application for advanced charting, market analytics, trading system development and trade simulation. Users only pay if they want to use NinjaTrader to execute live trades through their brokerage account. The application enables discretionary, end of day and automated systems traders to trade stocks, futures and forex through hundreds of supported brokerages worldwide. It is a privately held company based in Denver, CO with offices in Bamberg, Germany and Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
== History ==
In July 2014, the company launched Ninja Trading Brokerage, a new introducing broker that was the result of NinjaTrader’s acquisition of Chicago-based Mirus Futures that month.
== In the John Lothian Newsletter ==
"Better Mousetrap Tech? NinjaTrader looks to disrupt with new IB" by Jim Kharouf
== Products and Services ==
*NinjaTrader is an end-to-end trading solution for active traders of stocks, futures and forex.
*Kinetick provides streaming real time quotes and historical market data. It is free to use for end of day data.
== Key People ==
*Raymond Deux, Founder 
*Martin Franchi, CEO
*Dierk Droth, Vice President of Development
*John Gromala, Vice President of Operations
== References ==
Nitin Gulabani

__NOTOC__ 
Nitin Gulabani is the former global head of interest rate derivatives at Standard Chartered Bank, a position he assumed in October 2007 and left in November of 2015. He also served as a member of the board of directors of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association. 
 
== Background ==
Prior to joining Standard Chartered in 1995, Gulabani served as co-head of global foreign exchange trading for Deutsche Bank. 
== Education ==
Gulabani graduated from Dulwich College, London in 1987 and the City University in 1990.
 
== References ==	
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:ISDA Board of Directors Members
Category:Standard Chartered Bank - Former Employees
Category:Deutsche Bank - Former Employees
Njuguna Ndung'u

__NOTOC__ 
Professor Njuguna S. Ndung’u has served as Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) for almost two years despite early opposition and more recent criticism over the CBK's sale, under his direction, of a controversial hotel. Ndung'u recently predicted that Kenya's inflation rate would drop in 2009 following changes to the way the CBK measures Kenya's CPI.
== Background ==
Ndung'u was appointed governor of the CBK on March 4, 2007 after serving as Director of Training at the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), where he had been a long-time researcher. Prior to that he was a regional program specialist at the Southern Africa office of Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Head of the Macroeconomic and Economic Modelling Division at the Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA). 
Ndung'u was reported to have been censured late last year following a commission report concerning the sale of a CBK-owned hotel in June 2008. The report alleged the governor had disregarded tendering procedures when placing the Grand Regency Hotel, which eventually sold for 2.9 billion Kenyan shillings, on the block. Ndung'u also survived a call for him to step aside just four months after his appointment by a cabinet sub-committee report investigating the Grand Regency sale. 
== Education ==
Ndung'u holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. He is also holds bachelor's and master's degrees in economics from the University of Nairobi, where he has also lectured in advanced economic theory and econometrics. 
== Latest news ==
Ndung'u predicted in January 2009 that inflation would fall to the CBK's target of 5% from its December 2008 level of 10.6% by mid-2009 following a cut in the weighting of declining fuel and food prices in the government's calculation of the country's consumer price index (CPI). The CBK most recently cut interest rates 50 basis points to 8.5% last December. "We do anticipate that inflation will come down as the food supply situation improves," Ndung'u told Bloomberg. "The CPI component of fuel has also come down drastically."
== References ==
Njuguna Ndungâ€™u

__NOTOC__ 
Professor Njuguna S. Ndung’u has served as Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) for almost two years despite early opposition and more recent criticism over the CBK's sale, under his direction, of a controversial hotel. Ndung'u recently predicted that Kenya's inflation rate would drop in 2009 following changes to the way the CBK measures Kenya's CPI.
== Background ==
Ndung'u was appointed governor of the CBK on March 4, 2007 after serving as Director of Training at the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), where he had been a long-time researcher. Prior to that he was a regional program specialist at the Southern Africa office of Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Head of the Macroeconomic and Economic Modelling Division at the Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA). 
Ndung'u was reported to have been censured late last year following a commission report concerning the sale of a CBK-owned hotel in June 2008. The report alleged the governor had disregarded tendering procedures when placing the Grand Regency Hotel, which eventually sold for 2.9 billion Kenyan shillings, on the block. Ndung'u also survived a call for him to step aside just four months after his appointment by a cabinet sub-committee report investigating the Grand Regency sale. 
== Education ==
Ndung'u holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. He is also holds bachelor's and master's degrees in economics from the University of Nairobi, where he has also lectured in advanced economic theory and econometrics. 
== Latest news ==
Ndung'u predicted in January 2009 that inflation would fall to the CBK's target of 5% from its December 2008 level of 10.6% by mid-2009 following a cut in the weighting of declining fuel and food prices in the government's calculation of the country's consumer price index (CPI). The CBK most recently cut interest rates 50 basis points to 8.5% last December. "We do anticipate that inflation will come down as the food supply situation improves," Ndung'u told Bloomberg. "The CPI component of fuel has also come down drastically."
== References ==
Category:Central Bankers
Noah Perlman

__NOTOC__ 
Noah Perlman joined Binance as its chief compliance officer in January of 2023, amid an effort to bolster the company's compliance division. Perlman previously served as chief operating officer for Binance's rival, Gemini, for more than two years. 
== Background ==
Perlman joined Gemini as its chief compliance officer in 2019. Before that, he served as the global head of financial crimes at Morgan Stanley, where he oversaw the bank’s anti-money-laundering, sanctions and anticorruption compliance programs. He joined Morgan Stanley in 2006. Earlier in his career, Perlman served as the division counsel for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’s New York division for two years.
Prior to his work with the DEA, he served for five years as an assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York, where he held several supervisory posts including special coordinator for crimes against children and deputy chief of the narcotics section. 
Perlman clerked for the Honorable I. Leo Glasser of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
== Education ==
He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and his law degree from Columbia University Law School.
== References ==
Noah S. Heller

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Noah Heller is the chief executive officer of the law firm Katten Muchin Rosenman. He sits on the firm’s executive committee and board of directors.
He represents hedge funds, private equity funds, banks and broker-dealers in the purchase and sale of loans, claims, securities and other investments in domestic and international companies experiencing financial distress. His experience extends to three primary areas: secondary loan trading, trade claims and post-reorganization securities.
== Background ==
Before joining Katten, Heller was an associate at another large New York law firm. Earlier, he served as a staff attorney at the Division of Enforcement of the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
== Education ==
He graduated from Fordham Law School in New York.
== References ==
NobleTrading

NobleTrading is a New York-based firm that provides its nearly 1,600 clients with DMA
trading services across a number of asset classes including equities,
options, futures and forex. In February of 2010, it was announced that Lightspeed Financial had acquired NobleTrading. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed. 
NobleTrading clients execute approximately 25 million shares per day and total client assets are $62 million. 
The firm is a registered broker-dealer, a member of FINRA, SIPC and the NFA, and has a clearing relationship with Penson Financial Services.
== History ==
John Muscatella, along with NobleTrading principals John Ferrara and Daniel
Pipitone, founded the firm in 1999.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*President and Chief Executive Officer, John Muscatella
*Principal, John Ferrara
*Principal, Daniel Pipitone
== Resources ==
*NobleTrading Online Trading Blog
== References ==
Noble DraKoln

__NOTOC__ 
Noble DraKoln is a trader, author and founder of the Speculator Academy, which he started in 2000 to help his brokerage clients stop losing money in the markets. He has published a total of six books with Wiley Trading, including:
* Trade Like a Pro: 15 High-Profit Trading Strategies
* Winning the Trading Game: Why 95% of Traders Lose and What You Must Do To Win
* Futures for Small Speculators: Companion Guide
* Forex for Small Speculators
* Single Stock Futures for Small Speculators
* Futures for Small Speculators, and its German translation, Futures fuer Kleinanleger
He also produced "Speculating with Futures, Currencies, and Traditional Commodities,” the video seminar series. In April, 2010 he was interviewed for the JLN Metals Newsletter by Editor Chris McMahon.
== Background ==
DraKoln contributes to Investopedia.com and Forbes and was an interim editor for Futures Magazine’s "Trends In Futures" newsletter from 2004-2005. In addition, his articles have appeared in Traders Magazine, Futures Magazine, Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities, Pristine View, Currency Trader, Cornerstone and eSignal.
DraKoln is a 17-year veteran of the trading industry, starting with a commodities brokerage at the age of 17. He received his first Series 3 license at the age of 19. He is available as an international speaker and has spoken on commodity futures and forex investing in Romania, Paris, Germany, New York, Las Vegas and Chicago. 
== Education ==
== References ==
Nodal Clear

Nodal Clear is a clearing house providing central counterparty clearing services for Nodal Exchange and FairX. Nodal Clear is a Derivatives Clearing Organization (DCO) pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act and is regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Nodal Clear is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nodal Exchange. 
Nodal Clear LLC's reach was expanded by the CFTC on November 13, 2020 when the U.S. regulatory agency approved an Amended Order of Registration for Nodal's clearing arm that allowed it to clear for other designated contract markets in addition to the Nodal Exchange.
Nodal Exchange, headquartered outside of Washington D.C. in Tysons Corner, VA, was founded in mid-2007 to offer power derivatives contracts on US electricity locations, also known as nodes. 
== History ==
In September 2015, the CFTC granted Nodal Clear, LLC as a derivatives clearing organization. On October 19, 2015, Nodal Exchange, LLC announced the migration of 100 percent of the positions in Nodal Exchange contracts from LCH.Clearnet to Nodal Clear, the new clearing house subsidiary of Nodal Exchange.
In May 2016, Nodal Clear was named “Newcomer of the Year” by Energy Risk magazine at The Energy Risk Awards 2016. 
In January 2017, Nodal Clear was awarded the “Clearinghouse Innovation of the Year” at the Risk Awards 2017.
In June of 2021, Nodal Clear was announced by FairX, as the clearing firm for the start-up exchange aimed at bringing "smaller, simpler, more accessible futures for active individual investors."
== References ==
Category:Exchanges
Category:North American Exchanges
Category:North American Clearinghouses
Nomura Securities International, Inc.

Nomura Securities International, Inc. (NSI) is the broker/dealer arm of Nomura Holdings Americas. It operates as an arbitrage trader worldwide. Nomura functions from four offices, including NHA headquarters in New York. Nomura holds more than $1 billion in capital and employs more than 1,200 people as of May 2005.
Nomura opened its office in New York in 1927. It has a local and international staff to provide access to domestic and global markets, both in the Americas and throughout the Nomura global affiliate network. NSI is a member of all major securities, futures and options exchanges and a shareholder of the major clearing organizations, providing full market access to its clients.
Nomura operates both in global markets and in local markets unique to the Americas. Its four major divisions are: equities, fixed income, asset management, and investment banking.
Nomura Securities, Co., Ltd. provides wealth management services to individual clients in Japan. It is the one of the largest global investment banking and securities firms and the largest Japanese brokerage. It trades equities and bonds from Japan and around the world, as well as a variety of investment trusts (Japanese mutual funds), and variable and fixed annuities.
== News ==
Nomura bought up Lehman Brothers’s European, Middle East and Asia operations for $225 million, after Lehman declared bankruptcy in September 2008.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== Registration ==
*NOMURA SECURITIES INTERNATIONAL INC - NFA ID: 0089946
== References ==
Category:Brokerages
Category:Futures Commission Merchants
Category:Exempt Foreign Firm Agents
Category:Commodity Trading Advisors
Category:Commodity Pool Operators
Non-deliverable forward

A non-deliverable forward contract (NDF) is a foreign exchange derivative in which there is no physical settlement at maturity, but instead is cash-settled in an international financial center, typically in U.S. dollars. In general, NDFs are used in FX transactions involving emerging market currencies, which are often illiquid and not freely convertible, and often involve restrictions on capital flow. 
==History==
As trade with Latin American countries grew throughout the 1990s, the use of NDFs as a way of hedging foreign exposure grew as well. Over this period, the use of NDFs spread to emerging currencies in Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1997, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association ([[ISDA) added provisions for NDF transactions to its definitions. 
The Dodd-Frank Act, signed in 2010, left it to the Department of the Treasury to determine the scope of the Act's reach into foreign exchange. In November 2012, Treasury issued its final determination which exempted spot FX and physically-delivered swaps and forwards from mandatory clearing and execution requirements of Dodd-Frank. However, NDFs, options and other derivatives are required to adhere to such Dodd-Frank requirements.
== References ==
Norm Friedman

__NOTOC__ 
Norm Friedman is the owner of Mach2 Software.
Previously, he was a vice president of Aegis Software's product and development group. He had been with Aegis since 1997 where he was responsible for sales, marketing and business initiatives for the company's trading system products and consulting services
== Background ==
Friedman has more than 25 years of development and management experience. Prior to joining Aegis, Friedman founded Parker Software, where he partnered with Microsoft to develop Unix clients for the Microsoft SNA Server. He has also held the position of vice president of Apertus Technologies, responsible for sales, marketing and development of host connectivity products, and vice president of software development for technology consulting firm Systems Strategies.
 
== Education ==
Friedman holds a bachelor of science degree in mathematics from Brooklyn College and a masters of science degree in computing science from Columbia University.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Category:Aegis Software
Category:Mach2 Software
Norm S. Pitcher

__NOTOC__ 
Norm Pitcher is the chief operating officer for Eldorado Gold Corporation. He was appointed to the position in July of 2005.
Prior to being appointed to his current position, he was vice-president of exploration and corporate development of Eldorado Gold.
== Background ==
Previously, Pitcher had also held positions with Pan American Silver, H. A. Simons, Ivanhoe Gold, and Pioneer Metals.
== Education ==
Pitcher recieved a bachelor of science in geology from the the University of Arizona.
== References ==
Category:Bios - Executives
Norm Singer

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Norm Singer is a retired exchange member and former futures trader who was a co-founder of Singer/Wenger, a trading group founded in Chicago that specialized in the backing of new traders and teaching them to be successful pit traders. He was a member of the Chicago Board of Trade and was a floor trader for 11 years.
== Background ==
Singer was the chairman of the board of Singer/Wenger Trading Company from 1978 to 1991. He was the president of Singer & Levinson Global Trading from 2000 to 2005.
Singer was know for being well dressed on the trading floor. The Chicago Reader in a story described him as "impeccably tailored, expensively accessorized."
== Darryl Zimmerman ==
Singer was introduced to Darryl Zimmerman by Steve Levin. Singer offered Zimmerman an opportunity to be backed as a trader by his firm, Singer/Wenger, providing he did well in the firm's mock-trading sessions. Zimmerman was placed in the S&P 500 futures pit at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange by Singer/Wenger and then eventually moved to the live cattle futures options pit after exceeding position limits put on him by the firm. 
On the day of the stock market crash of 1987, Zimmerman put on a large position and took a $60,000 loss. He was fired by Singer/Wenger. 
Zimmerman would go on to repeat this pattern many times over the next several years and then was involved in a fraudulent scam in the Treasury Bond options and futures at the Chicago Board of Trade that resulted in the bankruptcy of the firms where Zimmerman cleared, Lee B. Stern & Company, Inc.
== Education ==
Southern Illinois University 
== References ==	
Category:Former CBOT Members
Category:Senger/Wenger