nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Bisphenol A

== Description ==
White flaky material with a phenolic odor. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the primary components in many epoxy resins. It is also used to make Polycarbonates, Phenoxy resins, Polysulfone resins as well as some Flame retardants and Fungicides. The plastic resins containing BPA are used in consumer products, such as drink bottles, DVDs, eyeglass lenses, electronics, car parts, lining food cans and water pipes. BPA is on the ILFI Red list of building materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|AAIbisphenol.jpg~FTIR|bisphenol A.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Combustible 
* Adversely effects neurological and male sex organ function and development in fetuses, infants, and small children
* ThermoFisher: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Insoluble in water. Soluble in bases, ethanol, acetone.
Composition 	(CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2
CAS 	80-05-7
Melting Point 	150-155 C
Molecular Weight	mol. wt.=228.3
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1338
* Website: www.haz-map.com/allergic.htm
Category:Materials database
Bister

== Description ==
A yellowish, dark brown, transparent pigment used in pen and wash drawings and watercolor paintings from the 14th to the 19th centuries. Bister, also called bistre, is the dried water extract from the tarry soot of burnt resinous woods, especially beech wood. It has fair permanence and will fade in direct sunlight.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
beechwood soot; bistre (Br.); bistro (It.); beech black; fuligo; guligino; caligo; charcoal black; brown lampblack; soot brown; brown lake
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Bistre, MFA Forbes 18.TIF~FTIR]]]
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" National Gallery Technical Bulletin, 10:58-71, 1986.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 610
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998 Comment: bister
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: bistre
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000 Comment: bister
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigment"
Category:Materials database
Bitstone

== Description ==
In the ceramic industry, bitstones are coarse grains of quartz or flint that are spread on saggers to prevent the ceramic ware from sticking during firing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bit-stone (Br.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 334
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Bitumen

== Description ==
A common name for the organic, or hydrocarbon, portion of asphalt. Bitumen is a dark brown or black solid to semisolid material. It was used by ancient Egyptians as an adhesive. Bitumen is currently is used in hot-melt adhesives, coating, paints, sealants, roofing and road coating. The name bitumen has been used as a synonym for asphaltum, tar, and pitch and was also used as a commercial product name for a transparent, brown artists pigment made from asphaltum.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Bitumen (Deut.); bitume (Fr.); bitumen (Esp.); bitume (It.); betume (Port.); asphaltum; tar; pitch; asphaltum; tar; pitch;
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Gilsonite (bitumen) Gettens.PNG~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Risks ==
* Combustible. 
* Softens at slightly elevated temperatures. 
* Ages poorly in dried oil films resulting in movement, disfigurement and/or cracks.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in carbon disulfide.
* Refractive Index = 1.64 - 1.66
==Resources and Citations==
* R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" National Gallery Technical Bulletin, 10:58-71, 1986. 
* Georgiana Languri, Molecular studies of Asphalt, Mummy and Kassel earth pigments, MOLART report 2004, available through Archetype Publications, London.
* John S. Mills, Raymond White, The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Butterworth Heineman, London, 2nd ed., 1994
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 76
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Henry Hodges, Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology, Ronald P. Frye, Kingston, Canada, 1988
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Bituminous paint

== Description ==
An architectural mixture composed of bitumen, usually diluted with mineral spirits. Bituminous paint is used as an exterior coating, sealant and waterproofing agent on concrete, asphalt, metal, wood, and pipes. It improves weather resistance.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
peinture bitumineuse (Fr.); tinta betuminosa (Port.); bituminous coating
== Risks ==
May release volatile acids and sulfur compounds.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 569
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
Category:Materials database
Bituminous varnish

== Description ==
A dark transparent varnish that contains bitumen components. Bituminous varnishes may be either oil or spirit varnishes.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
barniz bituminoso (Esp.); vernice bituminosa (It); bituminous coating;
==Resources and Citations==
* ASTM, "Standard Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products", Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 6, Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatics, ASTM, D16, 7-Jan, Jul-96
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Bixin

== Description ==
An orange crystalline carotenoid colorant. Bixin is the major colorant extracted from the annatto seeds, Bixa orellana.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bixina (Esp.);
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Composition 	C25H30O4
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 394.51
== Resources and Citations ==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* John and Margaret Cannon, Dye Plants and Dyeing, Herbert Press, London, 1994
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 1347
Category:Materials database
Black

== Description ==
Black is the visual appearance for a human eye of an object which emits or reflects no component of the visible light spectrum.
== Synonyms and related terms ==
sort (Dan.); Schwarz (Deut.); negro (Esp., Port.); noir (Fr.); mauro (Gr.); nero (It.); zwart (Ned.); czernie (Pol.); svart (Sven.); colour
Category:Materials database
Black Pasture sandstone

== Description ==
A fine-grain, buff-color sandstone quarried in Northumberland County, England. Black Pasture sandstone was used by the Romans to build the great wall between the North Sea and Solway Firth (Lent 1925). It is still used for buildings.
==Resources and Citations==
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Black Willow, Hammer Stem And Peel Fiber

Source: Comparative Plant Fiber Collection
BW-007-06-30-09-BF-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	8/11/91 AE.124.1.1-23.2.1-1.8/12/91 (O) 113
Title 	Black willow, hammer stem and peel fiber, fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	BW-007-06-30-09-BF-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	06/30/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: permount 1.515
Microscopic technique 	Brightfield
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Fiber size 	medium fiber diameter
Transverse markings 	transverse marks apparent
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Crystals 	moderate crystals
Crystal shape 	1 cubic
Parenchyma cells 	parenchyma cells apparent
Cambium 	cambium apparent
BW-008-06-30-09-POL-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	8/11/91 AE.124.1.1-23.2.1-1.8/12/91 (O) 113
Title 	Black willow, hammer stem and peel fiber, fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	BW-008-06-30-09-POL-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	06/30/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: permount 1.515
Microscopic technique 	Polarized light, fiber at maximum brightness
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Fiber size 	medium fiber diameter
Transverse markings 	transverse marks apparent
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Crystals 	moderate crystals
Crystal shape 	1 cubic
Parenchyma cells 	parenchyma cells apparent
Cambium 	cambium apparent
BW-009-06-30-09-DIC-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers	
{| Class="wikitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
Accession Number 	8/11/91 AE.124.1.1-23.2.1-1.8/12/91 (O) 113
Title 	Black willow, hammer stem and peel fiber, fiber and associated materials
Processing treatment 	hammer and peel
Image Identification information	BW-009-06-30-09-DIC-400X-PM-1-9-overall fibers
Image capture 	digital
Date of image capture 	06/30/09
Microscopist 	L. Crawford
Microscope 	Zeiss Axioplan
Mounting agent and RI 	RI: permount 1.515
Microscopic technique 	Differential interference contrast
Lumen type 	lumen not apparent
Fiber size 	medium fiber diameter
Transverse markings 	transverse marks apparent
Surface folds 	surface folds present
Crystals 	moderate crystals
Crystal shape 	1 cubic
Parenchyma cells 	parenchyma cells apparent
Cambium 	cambium apparent
Category:FRIL
Category: FRIL: Black Willow
Category: FRIL: Plant Fibers
Black and gold marble

== Description ==
A black calcareous stone with yellow veins that has been quarried in Italy near La Spezia, since the 16th century.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Portoro; Porto; Portor marble
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Luciana and Tiziano Mannoni, Marble: the history of a culture, Facts on File Publications
Category:Materials database
Black ash

== Description ==
1) An old, but common, name for sodium carbonate obtain from the Le Blanc process of alkali manufacture in which sodium sulfide and limestone are heated in the presence of an excess of coal. The coal gave the sodium carbonate a black color. 
2) The residue obtained from drying the black liquor obtained during papermaking. It contains sodium carbonate and carbon black which are collected, separated and reused. See black liquor. 
3) A species of a hardwood ash tree, Fraxinus nigra, native to North America. Black ash has a dark brown timber that is lightweight, tough and elastic. Also called brown ash and mountain ash, it was formerly used in aircraft construction.
4) A common name for barium sulfide.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
3) Fraxinus nigra; brown ash; mountain ash
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
3) A small to medium tree growing to 15 m with slender crown. Bark=gray-brown starting as smooth and becoming scaly Leaves=compound with opposite serrated leaflets Fruit=clusters of winged samara with tiny seed
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 75
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Black bean

== Description ==
A dense hard wood obtained from an Australian tree, Castanaspermum australe. Black bean wood is a medium to dark brown in color and has darker streaks or figuring. It has a medium texture and a grain that can be straight, wavy, or roey. Black bean wood becomes brittle as it dries and is susceptible to warping. It is resistant to rotting, fungi, and termites but not powderpost beetles. Black bean wood is used for furniture, cabinetry, decorative boxed, cane handles, gunstocks, and veneer.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
blackbean; Moreton Bay chestnut
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Specific gravity = 0.77 
* Density = 45-50 ppcf
==Resources and Citations==
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Kribs, Commercial Foreign woods on the American market
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Chestnut (Accessed Jan. 25, 2006)
Category:Materials database
Black birch

== Description ==
A common name for two birch trees, Betula lenta (sweet birch) and Betula nigra (river birch), native to eastern North America. Black birch has a hard, dense wood with a straight, fine grain. It is used for cabinetry and flooring.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Betula lenta; Betula nigra; bouleau noir (Fr.); sweet birch; cherry birch; river birch
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Tree height= 20-25m 
* Bark is smooth creamy color that peels in papery sheets
== Additional Images ==
File:14_River Birch_100x_Rad.jpg|thumb|River Birch (Betula nigra) radial section
File:14_River Birch_100x_Tan.jpg|thumb|River Birch (Betula nigra) tangential section
File:14_River Birch_100x_Tran.jpg|River Birch (Betula nigra) transverse section
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 104
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Virginia Tech Dencrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Birch (Accessed Oct. 3, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Black calcite

== Description ==
A naturally occurring black-color calcite ore. The dark color of black calcite is used to manganese oxide impurities. Black calcite ore also contains silver deposits for which it is mined (Brady 1971). It is not the same as black chalk.
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 131
Category:Materials database
Black carpet beetle

== Description ==
A dark brown or black beetle, Attagenus unicolor. The black carpet beetle larvae is very destructive to proteinaceous materials, such as wool, silk, fur, hair, horn, skin, leather, and feathers. It can also eat cereals, some synthetic fibers, and dried insect specimens. The adult insects are 3 to 5 mm long and have a life span of up to 14 days to 3 years. Females lay about 50 eggs, which hatch in 6-10 days. The larvae have a curved, tapered body and grow up to 8 mm in length. The larval period ranges from about 3 months to nearly 2 years.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
carpet beetle; buffalo bug; Attagenus megatoma; Attagenus piceus
==Physical and Chemical Properties===
Distribution: U.S., Canada, Mexico
==Resources and Citations==
* University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology: Black carpet beetle (accessed Dec 2004) gives adult life span as 9 month to 3 years
* Lynda A. Zycherman, J.Richard Schrock, A Guide to Museum Pest Control, FAIC and Association of Systematics Collections, Washington DC, 1988 Comment: Adult life span = 14 to 43 days
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Website: http://entowww.tamu.edu/images/insects/fieldguide/bimg154.html - Attagenus megatoma
Category:Materials database
Black chalk

== Description ==
An old name for a soft, blue-black variety of a clay formed from aluminum containing slate. Black chalk obtains its color from impurities of carbon, black iron oxide, or manganese oxide. It was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool, especially since the Rennaisance. Black chalk was mined in Thuringia, parts of France and Andalucia. Sometimes graphite was also referred to as black chalk.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
craie noire (Fr.); lapiz negro (Esp.); grafite (It.); piombaggine (It.); mineral black; black earth; Italian chalk
== Risks ==
* No significant hazards.
== Additional Images ==
File:Black chalk pieces_Mayhew.jpg|Pieces of black chalk
File:Black chalk 100X Refl5.jpg|Black chalk at 100x
File:Fabricated Black Chalk 500x.jpg|Fabricated black chalk at 500x
File:Mayhew Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf.jpg|Frontal Study of an Aproaching Gray Wolf by Timothy Mayhew
File:Mayhew Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan.jpg|Right Side Study of a Preening Trumpeter Swan by Timothy Mayhew
==Resources and Citations==
* J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation 28:49-66, 1983.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments" and "Chalk"
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Black cherry

== Description ==
A deciduous, fruit-bearing tree, Prunus serotina, native to North America. Black cherry has a dense, close-grain wood that polishes to a high gloss. The reddish-brown wood is used for musical instruments, furniture, cabinetry, interior trim, and paneling. Black cherry gum, a water-soluble carbohydrate, has been used as a medium for watercolor paints.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Prunus serotina; cerezo americano, capulí (Esp.); ciliegio americano (It.); cabinet cherry; rum cherry; wild black cherry; black cherry gum
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Black cherry gum, 1975 (HUAM, CCT S).TIF~FTIR (MFA)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Medium tree growing to 30 m with tall oblong crown. 
* Bark= smooth with narrow horizontal lenticels when young breaking into rough irregular plates with age 
* Leaves=alternate simple oblong (6-14 cm) with serrated edges. 
* Fruit=dark purple round drupe (1 cm) maturing in late summer.
== Additional Images ==
File:23_Blk. Cherry_100x_Rad.jpg|Black cherry (Prunus serotina) radial section
File:23_Blk. Cherry_100x_Tan.jpg|Black cherry (Prunus serotina) tangential section
File:23_Blk. Cherry_100x_Tran.jpg|Black cherry (Prunus serotina) transverse section
== Resources and Citations ==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 184
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina (Accessed Dec. 9, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Black coral

== Description ==
Any of several types of rare black-color coral. Black coral occurs as featherlike or treelike formations. They grow in the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico near Panama, off the coast of southeastern Asia and Japan and in the Indian Ocean. Carved pieces of black coral appeared similar to horn and can be polished to a high gloss (Untracht 1985).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
akabar; giojetto
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Coral." Accessed 22 Jan. 2004 .
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.235
* Oppi Untracht, Jewelry Concepts and Technology, Doubleday & Co., Inc., New York City, 1985
Category:Materials database
Black crust

== Description ==
A dark, thin crust that forms on the surface of outdoor limestone and marble sculpture. Black crust, or gypsum crust, contains airborne particulates (carbon, dirt, salts) deposited on the stone surface. The particulates are held in place by a gypsum layer formed by the reaction of acidic sulfur-containing pollutants with the calcite.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
gypsum crust; black spots; Schwarze Kruste (Deut.); croute noire (Fr.); crosta negra (Port.)
Category:Materials database
Black dammar

== Description ==
A dark brown resinous excretion from the Canarium strictrum trees (White 1986). Produces a dark transparent film when mixed with oil. 
See dammar.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Canarium strictrum; dammar negro (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R.White "Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints" National Gallery Technical Bulletin, 10:58-71, 1986.
Category:Materials database