Colloidal silver

Colloidal silver is a suspension of microscopic particles of silver, usually in water, that has gained an undeserved reputation as a cure-all with claims that it is a natural broad-spectrum antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral agent, and as a nonspecific "immune system booster". There are also claims that it is able to treat serious diseases such as AIDS, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and COVID-19Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Federal judge enters temporary injunction against Xephyr LLC doing business as N-Ergetics, preventing sale of Colloidal Silver Products for COVID-19. United States Food and Drug Administration, 14 May 2020. — which are all groundless woo. Colloidal silver is used topically by applying with a dropper to the skin (for example, as an antiseptic on cuts), or taken internally. There is no empirical evidence that it is effective at all when taken internally for anything except making you look like a Smurf. (And not a particularly healthy Smurf, either.)Brent A. Bauer, My dad takes colloidal silver for his health. Is it safe? Mayo Clinic, 25 August 2020. The United States Code of Federal Regulations prohibits vendors from claiming any health benefit from colloidal silver or silver salt-based products.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Volume 5, Revised as of April 1, 2020. United States Food and Drug Administration.Despite federal regulations regarding colloidal silver products, the so-called "health supplement" industry is much less regulated in the United States, leading to a proliferation of quack colloidal silver products. The medical consensus is that colloidal silver, despite being readily available as a "health supplement", is dangerous and provides no health benefits. So, basically, it's like so much of what alternative medicine peddles.Robert Denison Griffith, Brian J. Simmons, Mohammad-Ali Yazdani Abyaneh, et. al., Colloidal Silver, Dangerous and Readily Available. JAMA Network, 2015.Joe Schwarcz, Does Taking “Colloidal Silver” Have Health Benefits? The simple answer is no. In fact, there is evidence that taking it orally can actually cause harm. McGill University, Office for Science and Society, Separating Science from Nonsense, 11 October 2019.We didn't link to our own page on toxins because that describes the weird stuff that alternative medicine groundlessly claims has adverse health effects, rather than stuff that actually has demonstrated adverse health effects.
==Historical use==
Colloidal silver and other compounds and ointments containing suspended silver particles have a history of use in legitimate medicine, but then again, so do mercury and leeches. Historically, colloidal silver's main use was as a topical antibiotic up to about the time of the Great Depression. It was also given internally as a hit-or-miss attempt (mostly miss) to treat diseases such as gonorrhea back in the era before penicillin and other modern antibiotics made such diseases easily curable.
Its use in legitimate medicine was largely abandoned after the 1930s. The reason for this is simply because colloidal silver did not work all that well, and modern antibiotics did. Some doctors continued to prescribe it well into the 1950s, even though the risk of side effects (see below) and poor effectiveness were well-known by then (which speaks very unflattering volumes about the intelligence of those doctors). 
==Scientific evidence==
Colloidal silver has been shown to have antibacterial properties in vitro (in a petri dish or test tube), and in fact it is still used by NASA and the World Health Organization as a drinking water disinfectant,Felipe Solsona and Juan Pablo Méndez, Water Disinfection. Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 2003. but no evidenceJust to head off any cranks — we mean real evidence, not your buddy's 3rd-grade teacher's mother's uncle! has ever shown it to be effective in vivo (used internally in a living being).Colloidal silver. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 24 April 2020. Alties seem to have a problem distinguishing between the two. (Laetrile and shark cartilage have the same problem: anti-cancer cell properties in a petri dish, but completely ineffective as such inside the human body.) 
Furthermore, while it has shown some effectiveness as a topical antibiotic (this means you put it on your skin and don't consume the stuff, folks), its use was superseded long ago by far more effective topical antibiotics like Neosporin. It just doesn't work all that well.
==Poor product quality==
An analysis of 14 popular brands of colloidal silver found that 70% (10/14) of them did not contain silver nanoparticles, which is definitionally colloidal silver, even when they claimed that they did; the 10 products only contained ionic silver.Comparative Analysis of Commercial Colloidal Silver Products by Ajeet Kumar and Dan V. Goa (2020) International Journal of Nanomedicine 15:10425–10434. doi:10.2147/IJN.S287730. Three of the products also contained concentrations of silver that were inaccurate compared to the products' stated claims.So not only does colloidal silver not work, but anyone dumb enough to buy it may not even be getting actual colloidal silver. We're not saying it's a scam, but if it quacks like a duck… oh, who are we kidding, woo and scams are like trouble-making twins — they're rarely seen apart, and if you see them, don't trust them for a second and keep a very close eye on your valuables.
==So why is it now such a big alternative medicine fad?==
Why did this quaint and archaic nostrum that was abandoned by mainstream medicine over 60 years ago become a staple in health food stores and among quacks peddling it on the Internet? The reason appears to be that it was rediscovered among the alternative medicine crowd around 1990 when antibiotic-resistant bacteria started hitting the news, and articles began appearing in altie publications speculating that this "lost" remedy might be some kind of "silver bullet"See what we did there? that would be effective when modern antibiotics fail. By the mid 1990s, the classified ad section of Spotlight newspaper (a fairly reliable early indicator of soon-to-be-popular quack patent medicine fads) was filled with ads for colloidal silver and plans for homebrew colloidal silver generators. Interest in colloidal silver spread over the Internet among groups discussing plans for surviving an expected breakdown of the infrastructure, and therefore an expectation that antibiotics and medical care in general would be unavailable, due to the Y2K computer bug. Interest in colloidal silver was especially strong among survivalists because it could easily be manufactured at home using the silver bullion some of them were hoarding, water, and a few batteries — hence, they could make their own "broad-spectrum antibiotic" after society's collapse. It also found interest among a fringe subset of sufferers from AIDS and Lyme disease, who were looking for anything they could take — even if it turned out to be false hope.
Colloidal silver has been hawked by all kinds of woo-peddlers, including Alex Jones, Jim Bakker, Mehmet Oz, and Gwyneth Paltrow.Nikhil Sonnad, All the “wellness” products Americans love to buy are sold on both Infowars and Goop. qz.com, 29 June 2017.Colby Hall, 7 "Coronavirus Cure" Food Scams You Shouldn't Believe. eatthis.com, 11 March 2020. In 2020, Bakker was sued by the state of Missouri for claiming that a colloidal silver-based substance he sells could cure COVID-19, in violation of federal law.Matthew S. Schwartz, Missouri Sues Televangelist Jim Bakker For Selling Fake Coronavirus Cure. NPR, 11 March 2020. The State of New York followed up by sending a cease-and-desist letter to Bakker, as his claims violate the state's consumer protection laws. A few days later, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission told Bakker to quit hawking this junk on Facebook and his webshite, and shortly thereafter, the products disappeared from his online store.Re: Cease and Desist Notification. State of New York, Office of the Attorney General, 3 March 2020. Alex Jones was slapped by the FDA in 2020 for claiming that a variety of colloidal silver crap for sale on his webshite could cure COVID-19.Palmer Haasch, The FDA has warned InfoWars founder Alex Jones to stop selling false coronavirus cures, including silver toothpaste. insider.com, 10 April 2020.Leah Rosenbaum, InfoWars Founder Alex Jones Must Stop Selling Fake Coronavirus Silver Cures, FDA Says. Forbes, 9 April 2020.Once again, we're not saying that woo and scams are the exact same thing, but they might as well be.
It has since become a folk remedy popular in the health food store market, and even taken daily, even by those not suffering from anything in particular, on the basis that it is some sort of prophylactic against infection or an immune system booster. Even during its use in mainstream medicine, it was on an acute or one-time basis only, such as eye drops in newborn babies. Those who take it daily for months or years are especially at risk of its side effects, while gaining no known benefit.
==Side effects==
The main side effect is that it can make you look like a Smurf.And by "Smurf", we mean "shoddy knockoff Smurf who is clearly overdue for a very long stay at a hospital". Those who take it internally on a frequent basis can develop a permanent blue-grey discoloration of the skin. The buildup of silver salts in the skin creating this discoloration is cumulative. Cases of argyria have mostly occurred in people taking colloidal silver on a regular basis over a period of months or years, but the effect seems to vary wildly from person to person.Colloidal silver. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, April 2017.
Silver can also react with some legitimate antibiotics such as tetracycline, rendering them less effective, so those who take colloidal silver as a "supplement" to their physician-prescribed antibiotic regimen are playing with their health.In case you need that spelled out further, it's a where the most favorable outcome is absolutely nothing happening, and there's a substantially-larger-than-zero risk of ending up as an extremely ugly corpse.
Excessive internal use of colloidal silver has also been linked to kidney damage, and use during pregnancy is not recommended due to the risk of developmental abnormalities.Okay, to be blunt, any internal use of colloidal silver is excessive, considering that there are no possible beneficial effects. We're talking about extremely excessive use here.
Of course, in a campaign to discredit the medical industry, there was a video (now deleted from YouTube) that claims that Paul Karason, who turned blue after using colloidal silver,Susan Donaldson James, Internet Sensation 'Papa Smurf' Dies; Other Blue People Live On. ABC News, 25 September 2013. and was used by the medical industry as a shocking example to demonstrate the effects of argyria caused by consuming massive amounts of colloidal silver, was in fact a fraud, since he was not taking "real" colloidal silver… even though no such definition of colloidal silver exists to distinguish his homebrewed colloidal silver from the "real" stuff that quacks charge so much for.Mallory Pickett, Colloidal Silver Turns You Blue—But Can It Save Your Life? Wired, 5 October 2017.
Stan Jones, a crank and member of the Libertarian Party, consumed a whole lot of colloidal silver out of fear that after Y2K, antibiotics would be unavailable; this made him permanently blue, in the manner described above.Robert Sullivan, A Case of the Blues. The New Yorker, 3 November 2002.Bob Moser, Antigovernment Politician Stan Jones Adopts ‘Patriot’ Colloidal Silver Habit. Southern Poverty Law Center, 18 December 2002. However, what Stan Jones was using was not colloidal silver, but a silver salt solution. Some people feel the need to speed up the colloidal silver making process by adding salt, but the only ingredients which are actually necessary to make colloidal silver are distilled water and silver. Considering the woo applications it's being put to, the individual definition of necessary could be rather… varied.
==See also==
*Nanotechnology
*Precious Metals Nano Water
==External links==
*Rosemary Jacobs' website - a real-life victim of argyria.
==Notes==
==References==
 
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Elements
Category:Toxins
Category:Water woo
Category:Woo