Alain Finkielkraut

Alain Finkielkraut is a French philosopher previously of the left and now seen as a conservative.
He is arguably the most visible of France’s public intellectuals as the writer of several dozen books, and host of an influential weekly radio show. He receives frequent interview requests and, during an induction speech to the Académie Francaise, Pierre Nora said to him '[w]e have seen only you, we have heard only you, we have read only you'. Adam Nossiter, Once Hopeful for Harmony, a Philosopher Voices Discord in France, The New York Times, MARCH 11, 2016. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
==New Reactionaries==
According to the BBC journalist Hugh Schofield, Finkielkraut can be classed as a member of a group some have termed the 'neo-reactionnaires' (new reactionaries): 'a loose group of writers and thinkers' who represent a 'new intellectual force in France' challenging 'the disastrous post-1968 left-wing consensus' and seeking to 'shake up debate on issues like immigration, Islam and national identity'. Critics believe they are 'providing spurious philosophical cover for the extremism of the National Front'.Hugh Schofield, France shaken up by Zemmour and 'new reactionaries', BBC News, 14 December 2014 
Others deemed to be new reactionaries include writers Eric Zemmour and writer Renaud Camus.
Similar to some American scholarly views such as the criticism of the School of Resentment by Harold Bloom, and of The Closing of the American Mind by Allan Bloom, Finkielkraut deplores what he sees as the deterioration of Western tradition through multiculturalism and relativism. Adam Nossiter, Once Hopeful for Harmony, a Philosopher Voices Discord in France, The New York Times, MARCH 11, 2016. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
Schofield reports that Finkielkraut was 'nearly blackballed [in 2014] from the prestigious Academie Francaise that he had recently entered because of his writings on national identity'.
==Views==
His own views echo those expressed by Eric Zemmour and other 'neo-reactionnaries': Much of Islam is radically incompatible with French culture and society; Muslim immigrants represent a threat; French schools are crumbling under a mistaken multicultural outreach; and 'French culture' is in danger. He adds an original standpoint through his thesis that anti-Semitism is on the rise again, this time by way of Islam.
His book The Unhappy Identity, (2014) was a bestseller in France — a compact lament over declining standards in schools, the pernicious effects of multiculturalism, the oppression of women under Islam and France’s self-alienation from its own heritage. Some critics saw his protest over neighborhoods where 'the French feel they have become strangers on their own turf' under the weight of Muslim immigration as a pledge of allegiance to the far-right National Front — a charge he rejects. When asked if he had actually visited the neighborhoods he speaks of, he answered: 'I watch the news; I read books and studies. I have never relied on my intuition.' Mathieu von Rohr and Romain Leick, French Philosopher Finkielkraut 'There is a clash of civilizations', Der Spiegel, 06 December 2013. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
In a 2016 interview with The New York Times, he said: 'until recently, France was successful in integrating its immigrants — that was even its pride,' but '[t]oday, it is disintegrating in front of our eyes.' According to him the French model of integration 'doesn’t work anymore[ and so '[w]e’ve got to fix very clear rules,' stating that '[s]ecularism has got to prevail. And we can’t compromise on the status of women.'
He is adamant about that last point. 'Everything plays out there,' he says. 'People are telling us that problem comes from all sorts of oppression by the West. No. The problem comes from the oppression by Islam of women. We’ve got to help the Muslims resolve this question'. Unlike Eric Zemmour, he is not advocating the expulsion of 4 million Muslims. Yet he has no practical agenda for how to integrate them into French society. Adam Nossiter, Once Hopeful for Harmony, a Philosopher Voices Discord in France, The New York Times, MARCH 11, 2016. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
In an interview with Der Spiegel, he even claimed that 'there is a clash of civilizations' between immigrants who refuse to integrate and non-immigrant French (i.e. white French). 
===On the 'burkini ban' 2016===
Finkielkraut supported Manuel Valls' 'defense of French secularism' when banning the burkini. He claimed that, while the bikini symbolises the sexual liberation of occidental individualistic societies, the burqa (which is not the burkini) is a symbol of the primacy of the collectivity over the individual, and more precisely on women. What is notable is that Manuel Valls, who belongs to the Socialist Party used the same 'assimilation' arguments as him, as has for years. Alain Finkielkraut défend la laïcité française, Causeur, 13 September 2016. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
==Controversies==
*In an interview published in the Haaretz magazine in November 2005, he remarked that the French Soccer Team was 'Black, Black, Black' (as opposed to the expression 'Black, Blanc, Beur'—meaning 'Black, White, Arab'—coined after the 1998 World Cup victory to honor the African and Afro Caribbean, European and North African origins of the players) comments which were seen as 'racially insensitive'. Adam Nossiter, Once Hopeful for Harmony, a Philosopher Voices Discord in France, The New York Times, MARCH 11, 2016. Accessed 20 September 2016. In that same interview he claimed that colonisation had only done good to 'Africans' and that it had the merit of 'bringing civilisation to savages'. He raised himself against 'the disgusting self-critical discourse surrounding slavery and immigration'. Lettre ouverte à Madame le maire d’Aix-en-provence, Oumma, 29 march 2006. Accessed 20 September 2016. He also gave his opinion on the 2005 riots in France, claiming: 'the problem is that most of these young people are Black or Arab and that they identify with Islam. [...] It is therefore clear that this is an ethno-religious revolt.' Laura Thouny, Finkielkraut, ses dérapages, ses coups de colère, L'Obs, 10 April 2014. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
*It prompted 60 researchers and professors at the École Polytechnique to sign a petition in 2006 to protest his alleged racist and colonial views. Lettre ouverte à Madame le maire d’Aix-en-provence, Oumma, 29 march 2006. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
*Also in 2006, Israeli filmmaker Eyal Sivan took legal action against Finkielkraut after the Frenchman said Sivan 'is, if you will, one of the actors in this particularly painful, particularly alarming reality, the Jewish anti-Semitism that rages today.' Sivan vs. Finkielkraut, Cabinet Magazine, Issue 26 Magic Summer 2007. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
*In 2009, he was criticized for his strong defence of Roman Polanski, arrested in Switzerland for illegal sexual relationships with a 13-year-old girl. Finkielkraut claimed that she was a 'teenager that was posing nude for Vogue', 'not a child'. Laura Thouny, Finkielkraut, ses dérapages, ses coups de colère, L'Obs, 10 April 2014. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
*In January 2014, when invited to the 'UMP Breakfast', he commented on both non-immigrant French (Francais de souche) and beurs (French people of North African or Muslim origins) in 'banlieues', saying that their accent was 'no longer French' although they were born in France. It was for him a sign that French assimilationist policies no longer worked, due to high immigration levels and 'communitarian' discourses which had put pressure on society to not criticize such things as rap. Laura Thouny, Finkielkraut, ses dérapages, ses coups de colère, L'Obs, 10 April 2014. Accessed 20 September 2016. 
==Other activities== 
In 2010, he was involved (along with Bernard-Henry Levy and Daniel Cohen-Bendit) in founding JCall, a left-wing zionist advocacy group based in Europe to lobby the European Parliament on foreign policy issues concerning the Middle East. He is a strong supporter of Israel and the two-state solution. His think tank describes itself as based along the lines of the America group J Street, and claims to be 'committed to the state of Israel and critical of the current choices of its government.' Bilal Randeree European Jews decry Israel policies, Al Jazeera, 03 May 2010. Accessed 20 September 2016. The founder, David Chemla, allegedly wishes to put pressure on the Israeli state to resolve the Palestinian Question. HAVIV RETTIG GUR, JCall founder denies placing onus on Israel alone, The Jerusalem Post, 05 April 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2016. 
==Notes==
Finkielkraut, Alain
Finkielkraut, Alain