nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Calendered cloth

== Description ==
A cloth with a smooth, glossy surface. Calendered cloth is sized, filled and/or coated then pressed between heavy, heated rollers. Examples of calendered cloth are: buckram, chintz, glacé, moire, and panné satin.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
tela calandrada (Esp.); gekalanderd weefsel (Ned.); calendared cloth (sp);
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Calendered paper

== Description ==
A paper with a smooth, glossy surface. Calendered paper is sized, filled and/or coated then pressed between heavy, heated rollers. Examples of calendered paper are: Bristol board, carbon paper, tissue paper, rice paper, cellophane, and glassine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
calendared paper (sp)
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Roy Perkinson, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials database
Calfskin

== Description ==
A fine-grain leather made from the hide of a calf. Milk-fed calves have a softer, smoother skin than cattle that have eaten grass and they sometimes have fat wrinkles that cannot be removed by tanning. Calfskins are usually vegetable tanned or chrome tanned. The strong durable leather was commonly used as a bookbinding leather from 1450 to 1800 (Roberts and Etherington 1982). Currently, calfskins are primarily used for shoe uppers, handbags, and gloves. Calfskin that has been waxed is called French calf. Russia calf was tanned with willow bark and rubbed with birch bark oil.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
piel de becerro (Esp.); piel de ternero (Esp.); cuir de veau (Fr.) velin (Fr.); kalfsleer (Ned); pele de vitela (Port.); calfe (Port.); French calf; Russia calf; calf leather;kipskins; French calf; Russia calf
== Resources and Citations ==
* M.Roberts, D.Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1982.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 447
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Calfskin glue

== Description ==
A strong, liquid adhesive consisting primarily of gelatin and other protein residues of collagen, keratin, or elastin. The skins of calves are hydrolyzed and broken down in boiling water; the cooled solution yields a jelly-like substance which is gelatin or glue. The water soluble glue occurs in a wide variety of forms and colors ranging from transparent to opaque and white to brown. Calfskin glue is a high quality hide glue. Hide glues are used in the manufacture of furniture, abrasive papers, gummed paper, and matches.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cola de piel de becerro (Esp.); colle de peau (Fr.); colla di bue (It); colla di carnicci (It); colla cervona (It)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Calgon

== Description ==
[Reckitt, formerly Reckitt Benckiser] A registered trademark for a family of water softening agents originally composed of metaphosphate sodium hexametaphosphate. Calgon, first marketed in 1918, was a water soluble white powder that sequestered many hard water minerals, such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. In low concentrations, it inhibited corrosion of steel, prevented the formation of scale from water deposits and minimized precipitate formation during dyeing and laundering. Calgon also acted as a dispersant and, as such, was used with fillers and pigments in paints. It was used in the pretanning process for leathers where it fixed the hides and minimized swelling (in acidic solutions). Calgon was commonly used for laundry, general cleaning, and papermaking. Although Calgon has been useful for removing calcium deposits on archaeological materials, the sequestering of hard minerals may may change the composition of, and thus destabilize, glass, or glazed artifacts. In recent years, Calgon has developed several formulations many of which no longer contains simple phosphates, which are hazardous to the environments. Some examples are: 
- Calgon N:medium chain sodium polyphosphate for high calcium binding
- Calgon 322: long chain sodium polyphosphate for high calcium binding 
- Calgon Water Softener: polycarboxylate listed as active ingredient.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sodium hexametaphosphate; SHMP; metaphosphoric acid, hexadosium salt; sodium polyphosphate; sodium salt of polyphosphoric acid; Calfort (It.)
== Risks ==
* Phosphates can be detrimental to water ecosystems.
* Calgon Water Softener: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Soluble in water. Insoluble in most organic solvents.
Composition	N2O:P2O7
CAS 	68915-31-1
Density 	1.25 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* Reckitt: Calgon
* Calgon: Website
* Richard S. Lewis, Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Random House, Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* R.Bruce King, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, CD-Rom version, 1996
* R.M.Organ, R.M.Organ, Design for Scientific Conservation of Antiquities, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 1968
* Website: http://www.homesolutionsnews.com/rbdocs/uk/calgon/faqs_page/faqs.html
Category:Materials database
Caliche

== Description ==
1) A surface crystalline deposit primarily composed of sodium nitrate with smaller amounts of potassium nitrate and sodium chloride. Caliche is mined in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and Peru. It is used as a fertilizer. 
2) A cemented calcareous subsoil layer of gravel, silt, and sand. Calcareous caliche is found in air regions of central and western Australia, in the Klahari Desert, and in the western US.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
2. hardpan; duricrust; calcrete, kankar; caliche (Esp., Port.)
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 738
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliche (accessed Jan 6 2006)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Calico

== Description ==
An inexpensive, plain weave cotton fabric with a printed design on one side. Calico cloth originated in Calicut, India, by the 11th century and is one of the oldest cotton cloths. Early examples of calico were resist-dyed or stamped to produce colored designs on a light background. The term 'calico' now refers to any cotton fabric printed with a small repetitive designs in one or more colors. In Britain, the term 'calico' is also used for a plain white cotton fabric, similar to muslin, but slightly heavier. Calico is used for saris, dresses, aprons, and occasional bookcovers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Calicut cloth; calicot (Fr.); calicot (soort katoenstof) (Ned); bedrukte katoenstof (Ned);
==Applications==
* Dust covers
* Stuffing support
== Collection Risks ==
Links to Oddy Test results posted on AIC Wiki Materials Database Pages for individual materials below
° John Ranger Calico Tested in 2016
° Calico Tested in 2016
° Natural Calico Tested in 2012
== Resources and Citations ==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 247
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Calico." (Accessed 10 Aug. 2004).
* Kurt Wehlte, The Materials and Techniques of Painting, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWG
Calico marble

== Description ==
A coarse, multicolored breccia marble quarried along the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains region of Maryland. Calico marble is composed of quartz cemented in a calcareous limestone. The inclusions range widely in size from small sand grains to large (several inches) cobbles. The color of the inclusions are white, yellow, pink, red, brown, and black in a background of dull reddish brown. Calico marble was initially quarried about 1815. It was used for the 20 foot columns in the Old Hall of Representatives in the U.S. Capitol building. The stone, however, was difficult to work and would often crumble. Black wax was used to fill holes from pebbles that broke away. The quarry was shut down in the early 20th century
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Frederick County marble; Potomac marble; Potomac breccia
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Frank A. Lent, Trade names and Descriptions of Marbles, Limestones, Sandstones, Granites and Other Building Stones Quarried in the United States Canada and other Countries., Stone Publishing Co, New York, 1925
Category:Materials database
Calico paper

== Description ==
A smooth decorative paper with a colorful pattern printed on one side. Calico paper, first used in the 18th century, was often embossed with a linen finish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
chintz paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
Category:Materials database
California balsam poplar

== Description ==
A large hardwood tree, Populus trichocarpa, native to the Pacific coast of North America. The California balsam poplar has pale green to tan color wood with a soft, straight grain. It is primarily used for painted millwork.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Populus trichocarpa
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
California laurel

== Description ==
An aromatic evergreen tree, Umbellularia californica, native to the west coast of the United States. The California laurel tree produces a golden-brown, hard, strong, fine-grain wood used for veneer, cabinetry, and garden tool handles.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Umbellularia californica; California bay laurel; baytree; bay tree; myrtle; Oregon myrtle; pepperwood; laurier de Californie (Fr.); myrte de l’Orégon (Fr.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Large evergreen tree growing to 35 m often with multiple stems. 
* Bark=thin reddish-brown and scaly 
* Leaves=elliptical (7-10 cm) and aromatic when crushed. 
* Fruit =spherical drupe (2 cm) attached with stem resembling a golfers tee. 
* Density = 40 ppcf
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_laurel (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Caliper

== Description ==
A calibrated mechanical device used for measuring thicknesses. Calipers have two pivoting legs or movable aperture arms that are adjusted to the external or internal surfaces of the item to be measured. The measurements are usually registered to 0.00001 inches or 0.025 millimeters.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Kaliber (Deut.); calibre (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Calomel

== Description ==
A brownish-white ore containing mercurous chloride. The name 'Calomel' is also used to refer to pure mercurous chloride. It has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and topical anesthetic. One Peruvian cabinet decorated with mopa-mopa, was found to contain calomel as a white pigment (Newman 2015).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mercury chloride; mercurous chloride; mercury subchloride; mercury monochloride; mercury protochloride; precipité blanc; Calogreen; Cyclosan, M-C Turf fungicide; calomel (Fr.); calomelano (Esp., Port.); Calomel (Deut.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|calomel.jpg~Chemical structure]]]
== Risks ==
* Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 
* echemi: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Tabular crystals or mass. 
* Cleavage = good in one direction. 
* Luster = adamantine 
Composition 	Hg2Cl2
CAS 	10112-91-1
Mohs Hardness 	1.5
Density 	7.15 g/ml
Molecular Weight	mol. wt. = 472.09
Refractive Index	1.9-2.0; 2.6-2.7
==Resources and Citations==
* R. Newman, E. Kaplan, M. Derrick, “Mopa mopa: Scientific analysis and history of an unusual South American resin used by the Inka and artisans in Pasto, Colombia,” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 54 (2015): 123-148.
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 5957
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 200
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
Category:Materials database
Calorie

== Description ==
A unit of heat. One calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. One calorie equals 4.180 joules. The older British Thermal Units (BTU) are still in use for some ovens and heating devices. BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. One BTU equals 252 calories.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
joule; British Thermal Unit; BTU
Category:Materials database
Calorimetry

== Description ==
The measurement of the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change of state. Calorimeters are used to measure heat capacity. The units of heat are expressed as calories where a calorie is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Kalorimetrie (Deut.); calorimétrie (Fr.);
Category:Materials database
Calotype

== Description ==
An early photographic process for negative/positive images. The calotype process was patented by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 in England. It used a silver chloride emulsion coating on paper that was exposed to form a latent negative image that was developed with gallic acid then fixed with sodium hyposulfite. With contact printing, multiple positive images could be produced from each negative print.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Talbotype
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Often the back of the negative was waxed prior to contact printing
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "calotype" [Accessed March 18, 2002]. ...invented by William Henry Fox Talbot of Great Britain in the 1830s. ......Talbot patented his process in 1841.
* Preservation 101 -glossary of terms at www.nedcc.org/p101cs/terms.
Category:Materials database
Calumetite

== Description ==
A light blue copper corrosion product that rarely occurs as a mineral. As a mineral, it was discovered in 1963 at the Centennial Miner near Calumet, Michigan. Calumetite has been identified as a copper corrosion product on bronzes (Scott 2000).
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Composition = Cu(OH, Cl)2 - 2(H2O)
* Description = azure to light blue crystals (orthorhombic)
* Streak = bluish-white
* Luster = pearly
* Hardness = 2
==Resources and Citations==
* David Scott, 'A Review of Copper Chlorides and Related Salts in Bronze Corrosion and as Painting Pigments'. Studies in Conservation, 45, 39-54, (2000).
* WebMineral: Calumentite
* Wikipedia: Calumentite
* Mindat: Calumentite
Category:Materials database
Cambium

== Description ==
A layer of plant cells on the inside of the bark layer in most vascular plants. Cambium tissue produces all secondary growth in plants and forms the growth rings in wood.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cambium (Fr.); cambio (It., Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Mary-Lou Florian, Dale Paul Kronkright, Ruth E. Norton, The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cambric

== Description ==
A smooth, lightweight, plain weave, white fabric. Cambric originated in Cambrai, France as early as 1595 and was used for Church embroidery and table linens. The soft fabric is made from fine threads of linen and occasionally cotton. It has good body and is often calendered on one side to produce a smooth surface. Cambric is used for handkerchiefs, dresses, underwear, and linings.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cambray (Esp.); batist (Ned);
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 248
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambric (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Came

== Description ==
A slender, grooved lead strip used to join stained glass or latticework window panes. The cross section of a came strip has an H shape. The soft lead can be shaped and soldered to fit each piece of glass.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
ribbon; kame
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Camel hair

== Description ==
A fine hair obtained from the Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus, from China and Mongolia. The Bactrian, or two-humped camel, molts in the spring shedding about 5 pounds of hair. Camel hair is collected, separated into coarse outer fibers and fine underhairs. The long, dark brown, outer hairs are used for belting, ropes, rugs, and inexpensive artist brushes. The soft, short, light colored underhairs are similar to mohair and are often called camel down. They are noted for their insulating properties and are most often used in coats, suits, scarves, and blankets. It is usually left undyed. Hair from the one-humped camel, or dromedary, is of poor quality and rarely used. 
Note: Soft floppy, camel hair brushes actually contain hair from the tail of squirrels because of the rarity of true camel hair.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Camelus bactrianus; camel down; camel wool; Altweltkamel(Deut.); camello (Esp.); poil de chameau (Fr.); kameel (Ned.); wielb³¹d (Pol.); camelo (Port.); Baktriska Kamelen (Sven.); pelo de camello (Esp.).)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Fiber length 30 cm (outer hairs); 2.5-15 cm (undercoat) 
* Tensile strength = 1.78 g/d 
* Elongation = 39-40% 
* Moisture regain = 13% 
* Cross section is circular to oval. 
* Medulla is narrow and continuous. 
* Density = 1.32 g/ml
== Comparisons ==
== Additional Images ==
File:BactrianCamelwp2.jpg|Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus
File:27 camel 200X.jpg|Camel hair at 200x
File:cameldownlarge.jpg|Camel hair
== Resources and Citations ==
* F. Kidd, Brushmaking Materials, Bristish Brush Manufacturers, London, 1957
* Zora Sweet Pinney, 'A Handle on the Terms used for Artists' Brushes', unpublished glossary, 1999
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Camel Hair. Retrieved May 25, 2003.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 134
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website: www.fabrics.net
Category:Materials database