Revolutionary Communist Tendency

The Revolutionary Communist Tendency was a faction that formed in 1977 after being expelled from the Revolutionary Communist Group in November 1976. It later changed its name to the Revolutionary Communist Party in 1981.Many accounts date the RCT/P from 1978. This is incorrect. The expulsion from the RCG was in 1976 according to Baker (Blake Baker, The Far Left: An Expose of the Extreme Left in Britain,London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981, p. 87) as well as according to the RCG itself('Statement on the expulsion of a chauvinist grouping in the RCG', RCG Executive Committee, Nov 1976) and the creation of the RCT was in 1977, according to Denver Walker (Quite right Mr. Trotsky: Some Trotsky myths debunked, and how Trotskyists today hamper the fight for peace and socialism, London: Harney and Jones, 1985, p. 46) a date supported by Gerry Leversha in a piece published in January 1978 (Some Reflections on the 'Revolutionary Communist Group', Marxism Today, January 1978.) The clinching evidence is that the RCT published the first edition of its 'theoretical journal', Revolutionary Communist Papers' in March 1977
From the beginning RCT members used 'party names' in addition to their own names. Thus Frank Richards and Mike Freeman were cover names for Frank Furedi and Michael Fitzpatrick. The RCT also created a number of front groups, a pattern the RCP and later the LM Network would continue. Thus in 1977 and 1978 they had already formed the Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign and Workers Against Racism, the latter of which carried on through the name change to the RCP. The former was replaced by the Irish Freedom Movement.
==Formation==
===Split from the International Socialists===
The RCT originated in a split in the Revolutionary Communist Group in November 1976. The RCG itself had been created following a split in the International Socialists (the forerunner of the Socialist Workers' Party) in spring 1973. The grouping, called the 'Revolutionary Oppostition' by itselfFrank Richards, 'The International Socialists and Centrism: the Re-emergence of Economism', Revolutionary Communist: Theoretical Journal of the Revolutionary Communist Group, Issue 1, January 1975, p. 14. and the 'Right Opposition' by its opponents in the IS,Alex Callinicos 'Politics or Abstract Propagandism?' International Socialism, 2(11), Winter 1981, p.120. claimed that the IS had an 'economistic' perspective. According to leading IS members the faction that became the RCT espoused a kind of 'paleo-Marxism' which displayed 'an obsession with the letter of the marxist classics which often lost sight of the method which informed these works'. 
According to the account of Alex Callinicos this faction:
:were highly critical of mere involvement in the practical struggles of the day(the greatest Britain had seen since the 1920s) and argued that priority should be accorded to the formulation of the correct marxist programme; practically,they were highly suspicious of any attempt to modify the organisation's geographical structure by introducing factory branches and were afraid that an influx of workers into IS would dilute its politics(none too hot at the best of times, on their account). After an internal debate notable for its abstruseness (one of the main issues rested on the interpretation of Capital Volume 3 and the IS bulletin was for a time full of simultaneous equations) IS and the Right Opposition parted company. 
===Formation of the RCG===
Part of this faction, including later RCP party leader Frank Furedi, formed the Revolutionary Communist Group in March 1974. 
===Expelled from the RCG===
The grouping that became the RCT was expelled from the RCG in November 1976 for opposing the attempt of the RCG to gain influence with the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Furedi, in Dave Yaffe's words, 'began organising among a clique of middle-class members, and became their self-styled guru.'cited in Beckett, Andy Licence to rile |The Guardian Saturday 15 May 1999
A right wing critic of the Left such as Blake Baker claims that the RCT was formed following the 'expulsion of a large minority of members in 1976 for attacking the Communist Party'.Blake Baker, The Far Left: An Expose of the Extreme Left in Britain,London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981, p. 87 Left critics, such as Denver Walker (a journalist at that time for the New Worker the paper of the New Communist Party), have a similar account: 'It was apparently their demand that the RCG publicly attack the African National Congress of South Africa... that led to the expulsion of the Tendency from its parent body'.Denver Walker Quite right Mr. Trotsky: Some Trotsky myths debunked, and how Trotskyists today hamper the fight for peace and socialism, London: Harney and Jones, 1985, p. 46
According to another account of its creation by John Sullivan a left critic of small left groups, but a lifelong socialist activist:
:THE RCT was expelled from its parent, the RCG, for challenging that group’s grovelling before the Communist Party and the Anti-Apartheid Movement on its way towards becoming a consistent defender of anti-working-class regimes. The RCG was then conducting entry work in Anti-Apartheid. The people who became the RCT wanted to criticise the African National Congress.John Sullivan Revolutionary Communist Party, Formerly Revolutionary Communist Tendency From John Sullivan, Go Fourth and Multiply/When This Pub Closes, Socialist Platform, London 2004.First published in 1981 by Dialogue of the Deaf, Box 99, Full Marks Bookshop, 110 Cheltenham Road, Bristol 6.
Elsewhere Sullivan had written that the falling out also had an economic dimension:
:Yaffe’s plunge into full fledged Stalinism, combined with a disagreement over the mathematics in Capital with his chief lieutenant Frank Richards produced a split, John Sullivan, 'RCP' in As Soon As This Pub Closes ..., 1986. which eventually became the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP). 
Following the expulsion the expelled group seems to have split again around the time of the creation of the RCT with a small grouping called the Committee for a Communist Programme leaving according to some sources.
===Creation of the RCT===
The RCT emerged early in 1977. The group that were expelled from the RCG in November 1976 issued a public statement under the name 'The members expelled by the MFPC of the RCG' on 25 November 1976.The members expelled by the MFPC of the RCG Public Statement on the split within the Revolutionary Communist Group 25 November 1976. One of the earliest public signs of the existence of a new group was an 'open letter' addressed on behalf of the 'Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency', to all members of the RCG on 1 February 1977.Pat Morris, for the Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency 'Open Letter to all members of the Revolutionary Communist Group', 1 February 1977. Copy held in the Library of Social History collection in the archives of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California. In March 1977 the newly formed RCT issued its first publication Documents On The Split Within The Revolutionary Communist Group inaugurating the series of Revolutionary Communist Papers. Later in the year they issued a key document setting out the importance of The struggle for a revolutionary propaganda group.Sabina Norton and Keith Tompson The struggle for a revolutionary propaganda group, RCT Pamphlets No. 1, October 1977, London: Revolutionary Communist Tendency BM RCT, WC1V 6XX [1],11p 30cm. Copy held in the Librarry of Social History collection in the archives of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California.
By 1981 Sullivan put the strength of the RCT at 'around 70', a figure with which Walker more or less concurs writing that the RCT 'perhaps' 60 members. Sullivan wrote of the later development of the RCT/P:
:The new group declared itself anti-Stalinist, and took several steps sideways in an attempt to differentiate its product... The group dropped Yaffe’s hostility to the working class and adopted an agnostic attitude to the historic divide between Stalinism and Trotskyism. At first sight it is a much less repellent group than its parent, but its essential eclecticism has landed it in some strange company. Opponents translate the initials RCP as Ray Chadburn Party, after the leader of Nottinghamshire NUM, because of the group’s support for a ballot during the miners’ strike.
:... its weekly journal The Next Step... is a kind of Left wing answer to Marxism Today, sharing that journal’s eclecticism. ... What then gives the RCP’s eclectic mishmash the appeal which made it the fastest growing group of the 1980s, with a dynamism notably absent from both the RCG and the Discussion Group? The answer is style. The group is part of the harder aggressive, post-punk move away from peace and love and the average RCPer looks very different from the grotty SWPers. They have been described as "the SWP with hair gel", and many a parent, pleased at the improvement in their child’s appearance, has welcomed the move from one to another.
One early observer (in an article published in the January 1978 edition of Marxism Today) noted that at that stage the RCT were almost indistinguishable from the RCG from which they had split:
:In recent months the RCG has not only suffered a breakaway—the Revolutionary Communist Tendency, or RCT—but also witnessed a further split within the breakaway—the Committee for a Communist Programme, or CCP. The rationale behind the splits does not seem to lie in any major disagreement on political orientation, but only over how sectarian the organisation should be towards other left groups, particularly the CPGB. For the purposes of this article, therefore, the three groups are treated as one. This is not unfair, for the three organisations share a common perspective on nearly all issues; for instance, both the RCG and the RCT publish a journal on Ireland called Hands off Ireland and the contents of the first issues of both journals are very nearly identical, the same signed articles appearing in both.Gerry Leversha Some Reflections on the 'Revolutionary Communist Group', Marxism Today, January 1978.
This similarity did continue for some time, but the RCP did diverge in marked respects over the years. However, the two groups did produce journals with similar titles (Revolutionary Communist published by the RCG from January 1975 and Revolutionary Communist Papers and Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, produced by the RCT from 1977) and it seems that the first edition of Hands off Ireland! was produced by the RCG in from December 1976, but that the nascent RCT did produce a version including some of the same articles. Though selling by February 1977 for half the price of the RCG version (10p), it was advertised in an early RCT open letter as a 'labour movement bulletin on Ireland written by expelled comrades of the RCG - new in the RCT.' It noted that the articles included 'Lessons of TOM' and 'British "peacekeeping" - British torture', both of which were published in the RCG version.Pat Morris, for the Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency 'Open Letter to all members of the Revolutionary Communist Group', 1 February 1977. Revolutionary Communist Group Hands off Ireland!, No. 1, December 1976.
==Activities==
===Ireland===
====Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign====
See main article Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign
The Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign was created in late 1979 by the Revolutionary Communist Tendency. According to their own account: 'Towards the end of 1979 we decided to focus our activity in the labour movement on opposition to the PTA. We organised a national demonstration in November and the Smash the PTA Campaign was launched shortly afterwards.'Mike Freeman Ireland's Victory Means Britain's Defeat: the Role of the Labour Movement (Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets) Revolutionary Communist Tendency Association June 1980 Junius Publications Ltd, p. 7
====Bring the War to Britain Event====
According to former RCP member James Heartfield, the secretary of Tameside trades council at the time Dave Hallsworth was at some point a member of the RCP (though it was still the RCT at the time and it is not clear if Hallsworth joined the RCP before or after the event)
:Dave was secretary of the Tameside trades council at this time, committing it to a policy of supporting Irish freedom and a conference to discuss the Northern Ireland troubles. As a result, the TUC sent its future general secretary John Monks to disband the council.James Heartfield 'Dave Hallsworth' Obituary, Guardian, 20 December 2007
===1980 Workers Against Racism===
See main article Workers Against Racism
===Imperialism in the Eighties conference, September 1980===
==Publications==
The RCT created several strands of publication, one of which was the monthly 'review' of the RCT, titled The next step (without capitalisation), first published in December 1979. The next step would remain in publication through the following years as the paper (for some time a weekly paper) of the RCP. They also published two series of pamphlets, one of which was titled Revolutionary Communist Papers and was described as their 'theoretical journal'. The other was called Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets and ran to 13 issues until 1982, just after the creation of the RCP. 
The publisher of all this material from late 1977 was a company called Junius Publications (Company No.: 01339999) which had a date of incorporation of 22 November 1977 (and was eventually dissolved on 25 January 2000 some four years after demise of the RCP).Data at Companies House, accessed 22 October 2010.
===Non-series publications and other materials===
====1973====
*David Yaffe et al What we stand for. A revolutionary opposition in IS, May 1973.
====1975====
*Political Committee of the Revolutionary Communist Group 'Our Tasks and Methods: the founding document of the RCG', Revolutionary Communist: Theoretical Journal of the Revolutionary Communist Group, (written October 1974) Issue 1, January 1975, p. 3-14.
====1976====
*The members expelled by the MFPC of the RCG Public Statement on the split within the Revolutionary Communist Group 25 November 1976.Noted in Documents On The Split Within The Revolutionary Communist Group Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 1: March 1977, London: Revolutionary Communist Tendency. ISSN 0309-4634. p. 56
====1977====
*Pat Morris, for the Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency 'Open Letter to all members of the Revolutionary Communist Group', 1 February 1977. Copy held in the Library of Social History collection in the archives of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California.
*RCT 'Isolation and the radical left', Summer 1977.
====1978====
*RCT Public Meeting: Ireland: It's revolutionary significance, Speaker Phil Murphy, Friday 26 May 1978, Conway Hall, Red lion Square.
*RCT Ireland: It's a war not a question of human rights: demonstration in support of political status for Republican prisoners, Speakers' Corner, London, 9 July 1978.
====1979====
*Revolutionary Communist Tendency Workers Against the Bosses: Break With the Labour Party, London: Junius Publications, April 1979, 7 pages. (No ISSN number).
*Revolutionary Communist Tendency Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act!. London : Junius Publications, June 1979. 7 p.
*RCT Public Forums: Racial oppression: How to fight it, May 1979 [Advertising meetings in North London between 1 and 29 June 1979].
*RCT Political Committee, Statement on conflict with RCG, 15 October 1979
*RCT The War in Zimbabwe - 'British Responsibility' or Anti-Imperialist solidarity with the liberation struggle, November 1979
====1980====
*RCT leaflet 'Fighting the Irish war - and the labour bureaucracy', 29 March 1980.
*RCT leaflet 'Demonstration in support of the H-Block prisoners' 25 October 1980.
====1981====
*Workers Against Racism Cleansing our ranks: A platform for anti-racist trade unionists, London: Junius Publications, December 1981, 11 pages.
==Resources==
*RCG Ireland: British Labour and British Imperialism, March 1976, London.
*RCG 'Statement on the expulsion of a chauvinist grouping in the RCG', RCG Executive Committee, Nov 1976
*Revolutionary Communist Group, Press statement, 14 October 1979 and Supplement 19 October 1979 On conflict with the RCT.
*RCG Revolutionary Communist Group statement on the march called by the Revolutionary Communist Tendency on 24 November 1979 which launched the Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign
*Revolutionary Communist Group 'RCP use violence to stifle debate' Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!, Statement on IFM conference in Leeds, February 1983
*Gerry Leversha Some Reflections on the 'Revolutionary Communist Group', Marxism Today, January 1978.
*John Sullivan, As Soon As This Pub Closes ..., 1986 RCP.
*John Sullivan Revolutionary Communist Party, Formerly Revolutionary Communist Tendency From John Sullivan, Go Fourth and Multiply/When This Pub Closes, Socialist Platform, London 2004.First published in 1981 by Dialogue of the Deaf, Box 99, Full Marks Bookshop, 110 Cheltenham Road, Bristol 6.
*Workers' Power The British Left and the Irish War, January 1983. (Chapter on the Irish Freedom Movement, p. 41-9.)
==Notes==
Category:LM network