nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Milkweed fiber

== Description ==
Fibers obtained from the seeds of any of several milkweed plants of the genus Asclepias. Milkweeds are a native perennial in North America. The seed pods produce a silky lightweight fuzz, called silk or floss. The lustrous, soft fibers are yellowish white in color. Milkweed fibers are too brittle to spin and are used for upholstery padding. They also have good buoyancy and were used as substitutes for kapok in lifebuoys during World War II.
* For milkweed fiber identification, see http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Category:FRIL:_Plant_Fibers
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Asclepias; vegetable silk; milkweed floss; milkweed fibre (Br.); asclépiade (Fr.); zijdeplant (Asclepias syriaca) (Ned);
== Risks ==
The sap and leaves of the plant are toxic to all mammals.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Fiber length = ~ 2 cm
== Additional Images ==
File:42 milkweed 200X pol.jpg|Milkweed fibers at 200x polarized light
File:42 milkweed 200X.jpg|Milkweed fibers at 200x transmitted light
File:milkweedfiberslarge.jpg|Milkweed fiber
==Resources and Citations==
* R.King, E.Hartley, "Unusual Fibers Used in Northwest Coast Ethnographic Textiles, Their Preparation & Their Structure", Technology & Conservation, 1/79.
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:I Natural Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England, 1984
* Poisonous Plants at http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/poison/plants/ppmilkw.htm (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkweed (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Milky quartz

== Description ==
A cloudy or translucent form of 
quartz. Quartz loses its clarity and becomes cloudy due to the submicroscopic inclusions of air and water. Milky quartz was commonly used for pendants and vessels until the early Dynastic period in Egypt (Aston et al 2000).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
hydrothermal quartz; milk quartz; snow quartz; cuarzo lechoso (Esp.); quartz laiteux (Fr.); quartzo leitoso (Port.); Milchquarz (Deut.); melkkwarts (Ned.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Trigonal crystal system. 
* Low birefringence. 
* Low thermal expansion. 
* Fracture = conchoidal. 
* Luster = vitreous to greasy. 
* Streak = white.
Composition 	SiO2
Mohs Hardness	7.0
Density 	2.65 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* B.Aston, J.Harrell, I.Shaw, "Stone" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 52.
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_quartz (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Millboard

== Description ==
A strong, dense, monolayer 
paperboard made from waste paper mixed with various wood pulps. Millboards are made from paper pulp castings that are milled or pressed into a hard, stiff sheet. Better grades are made from 
hemp and 
flax fibers. Millboard is calendered between rollers to produce a smooth, glossy surface. They have been used to make book covers, binding boxes, shoe soles, and carriage panels. An early type of millboard was called 
milled board. 
See also 
binder's board.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cardboard; mill board; paperboard
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Thickness usually between 0.036 and 0.144 inches
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Book and Paper Group, Paper Conservation Catalog, AIC, 1984, 1989
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
* E.J.LaBarre, Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Paper and Paper-making, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1969
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials databaseCategory: Board/Box/Tube, Cellulose
Milled board

== Description ==
A strong, thick, dark-color pasteboard. First produced in the 17th century, milled boards were made from old tarred rope, sacking and similar materials. Milled boards were given their name because they were rolled, or milled, between heavy iron rolls. This produced a smooth finish. Iron impurities in the milled boards have catalyzed acid formation with resultant degradation. Milled boards have been superseded by millboards and strawboards. 
See also 
millboard.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
black board; rope board; academy board; mill board; millboard
Category:Materials database
Milled lead

== Description ==
Sheets of lead produced by milling. Milled lead was used in the 19th century as a substitute for cast lead sheets. It had a tendency to flake and delaminate with time.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
sheet lead; Walzblei (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Millet

== Description ==
Any of several types of grass (family Poaceae) with small round, edible seed grains. Since at least 2000 BCE, millet has been cultivated in Africa and Asia. Millet, now grown world-wide, is used in human and animal food products. The grains contain carbohydrates (< 60%), protein (6-11%), fat (0.5-1.5%) along with moisture and other products.
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "millet." Accessed 14 Dec. 2004.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet (accessed Dec. 15, 2004)
Category:Materials database
Millet - left (188 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_188.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 188
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (188 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| white
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| millet
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| skin /dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The plant was not suitable for dyeing.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Milliput

== Description ==
[Milliput Co] A trademark for a two-part epoxy putty that is sold in a dual stick form. Developed in the late 1960s, Milliput® is prepared by kneading equal portions of each stick together until mixed. Milliput® shapes readily; surface drying can be minimized with a few drops of water. Before it hardens, acetone can be used for smoothing. The putty sets in 1 hour and hardens in 2-3 hours. Once hard, Milliput® can be sanded, drilled, cut, or filed. It adheres to wood, metal, plastic, glass, and porcelain. Milliput® is available in pure white, yellow-green, gray, and terracotta colors and may be tinted during mixing or painted after drying.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Can be removed with soap and water prior to cure. 
* When hardened, Milliput is resistant to water as well as most solvents and chemicals.
==Resources and Citations==
* Milliput Company: Website
* Marie Svoboda, Conservation Survey Index, unpublished, 1997
* Gordon Hanlon, contributed information, 1998
* Conservation Support Systems, Catalog, 1997
* Website: www.hants.org.uk/museums/ofr/cmeth_t.html
Category:Materials database
Milty Zerostat 3 Anti-Static Gun

== Description ==
[Milty] A registered trademark for a gun that instantly discharges static electricity from a material.
== Examples of Use ==
The instrument has been used to remove static electrical properties from Teflon PTFE tape/wrap and the static electrical properties found on vinyl records, ethafoam, packing bubbles, etc.
== Instructions for Use ==
As described on the box:
"Hold the Milty Pro Zerostat about 300mm (12 inches) away from the object. Squeeze the trigger slowly: a powerful stream of positive ions projects over a spread of about 400mm (16 inches). Release it slowly, and negative ions are produced. Zerostate lasts for at least 50,000 trigger operations, and requires no power supply or refills."
Category: Materials database
Mimeograph paper

== Description ==
A paper designed for use with mimeograph machines. A mimeograph is a duplicating machine, invented in England in 1881, that made multiple copies using a stencil. The stencil is made from a coated fiber sheet. Typing cuts through the coating to expose the fiber base. The ink can pass through the thin fiber base to the mimeograph paper. Mimeograph paper needed to be opaque with a smooth but absorbent surface. It usually contained a high percentage of cotton fibers mixed with chemical wood pulp and/or mechanical wood pulp. It ranged in weight from 16 to 24 pound.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
stencil duplicator paper
==Resources and Citations==
* Boise Cascade Paper Group, The Paper Handbook, Boise Cascade, Portland OR, 1989
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The Dictionary of Paper, American Paper Institute, New York, Fourth Edition, 1980
Category:Materials database
Mimosa

== Description ==
Any of several small trees and shrubs of the genus Mimosa, such as the silk tree (Albizia julibrissin) and the silver wattle (Acacia dealbata). Mimosa trees can be found in the southern United States, Africa, Asia and Australia. They have soft, fern-like leaves. Mimosa trees are planted for decoration; their timber is not sold commercially. The bark of the mimosa tree is high in 
tannins and has been used for the vegetable tanning of 
leathers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
silk tree (Albizia julibrissin, pink siris); silver wattle (Acacia dealbata); mimosa (Fr., It.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Small tree with flat top growing to 10 m. 
* Bark = smooth gray-brown. 
* Leaf = alternate bipinnate to 25-50 cm 
* Flower = fluffy flower with numerous thready white or pink stamens in mid summer 
* Fruit = flattened pod 12-15 cm long
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albizia (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Mineral

== Description ==
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid obtained from the earth's crust. Minerals have a specific chemical composition and can be classified by their crystalline structure, color, cleavage, and hardness. The study of minerals is called mineralogy. They are subdivided into three categories: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Minerals include decorative stones, clay and gemstones. They are used in the production of metals, pigments, cement, glass, ceramics, etc. The name 'mineral' was often used to describe compounds dug from the earth, such as mineral wax and mineral spirits. This is, in general, an obsolete naming practice and should not be used.
Natural-occurring, solid mixture of minerals are called rocks. A rock is characterized by its formation type as either:
* sedimentary: sandstone, shale, limestone, gypsum
* igneous: granite, diorite, basalt
* metamorphic: gneiss, mica, quartzite, marble, slate
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mineral (Esp;, Port.); minéral (Fr.); Mineral (Deut.); mineraal (Ned.)
Category:Materials database
Mineral black

== Description ==
1. An unstandardized name used for graphite as well as for a natural black pigment obtained by grinding black slate. The graphite from of mineral black in was sometimes used as a crayon or writing tool.
2. Literally, naturally occurring minerals with a black color have also been called Mineral black. There are black forms of the following minerals:
* Cinnabar: Mercuric sulfide (HgS)
* Galena: Lead sulfide (PbS)
* Plattnerite: Lead oxide (β-PbO2)
* Wad: Manganese dioxide (MnO2), manganese black; minerals include pyrolusite, romanechite, hollandite, cryptomelane, todorokite, manganite, hausmannite, nsutite, ramsdellite and
groutite 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
black chalk; black lead; graphite; negro mineral (Esp., Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Ruth Siddall, 'Mineral Pigments in Archaeology: Their Analysis and the Range of Available Materials' Minerals Vol 8, p. 201 (2018). Link
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 611
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Susan E. Schur, Conservation Terminology: A review of Past & Current Nomenclature of Materials, Technology and Conservation, Spring (p.34-39); Summer (p.35-38); Fall (p.25-36), 1985
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Monona Rossol, The Artist's Complete Health and Safety Guide, Allworth Press, New York, 1994
Category:Materials database
Mineral dyes

== Description ==
Fine-particle pigments used to color textiles such as 
ocher, 
chrome yellow, and 
Prussian blue.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
colorants minéraux (Fr.);
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 283
Category:Materials database
Mineral fiber

== Description ==
A general term for any nonmetallic, inorganic fibers. Examples of mineral fibers are 
asbestos, 
graphite, and 
glass. Asbestos occurs naturally as fibers. Synthetic mineral fibers, called slag wool or 
rock wool, are produced by blowing air or steam through molten rock or slag. Mineral fibers are used as fillers in thermal insulation and fireproofing materials.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mineral fibre; mineral cotton; mineral wool; rock wool; slag wool; silicate cotton; silicate fiber; fibre minérale, fibre de roche (Fr.); fibra mineral (Esp.); lã de rocha (Port.); Mineralwolle (Deut.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Mineral lake

== Description ==
An obsolete name for a yellow pigment composed of 
tin chromate (Mayer 1969). 
See also 
potter's pink
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
potter's pink; tin chromate; stannic chromate
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Mineral oil

== Description ==
1) A colorless, aliphatic hydrocarbon oil obtained from petroleum distilled at 330-360C. Mineral oil, or liquid petrolatum, is normally divided into two fractions: light mineral oil (density 0.83-0.88) and heavy mineral oil (density 0.86-0.91). Mineral oil is used as a lubricants for textile processing. It was also used in a much touted formulation (
Phoebus) for the removal of bloom on varnished oil paintings. This practice, however, is not recommended. Mineral oil is chemically inactive and is unlikely to damage aged 
linseed oil films; however, once it is placed on a painting, the mineral oil will be virtually impossible to completely remove. 
2) The term 'mineral oil' was originally used as a synonym for 
petroleum.
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Mineral oil, aliphatic hydrocarbon oil.TIF~FTIR(MFA)]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
huile minérale (Fr.); aceite mineral (Esp.); olio minerale (It); liquid paraffin; liquid petrolatum; white mineral oil; white Russian oil; Nujol; paraffin oil; vaseline oil; Phoebus
== Risks ==
* May be harmful by ingestion or inhalation. 
* Skin contact may cause irritation. 
* Combustion products are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. 
* Flammable. Flash point = 135C (275F) 
* Flinn Scientific: SDS
== Other Properties ==
Soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, naphtha, benzene. Insoluble in water, cold ethanol or glycerol.
CAS 	8012-95-1
Density	0.83-0.91 g/ml
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Mineral painting

== Description ==
A mural painting method that uses a 
water glass based paint. The technique was first called stereochromy about 1825 by J. Fuchs and Schlotthaurer. It was revived, improved and renamed mineral painting in the 1880's by Adolf Keim, Munich (Doerner 1934). Mineral painting was a difficult technique that was rarely used after the nineteenth century. The water glass used in mineral painting was based on 
potassium silicate, rather than 
sodium silicate. The paint mixture, prepared with 
slaked lime, powdered 
chalk, and 
zinc oxide, dried to form a water insoluble film. However, the paint was difficult to apply and the pigments tended to become lumpy. Some improvement was obtained when the pigments were initially dispersed in 
casein (Doerner 1934). Mineral paint was applied over metal or dry cement covered with a ground layer of lime-based mortar. The colors are applied wet onto wet grounds so the colors can be absorbed deeply. The dried painting is fixed with an ammoniac-potassium water glass solution (Doerner 1934). Excess fixative is later washed off with water.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
stereochromy; water glass painting
==Resources and Citations==
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Mineral pigment

== Description ==
An inorganic pigment produced from grinding a native ore. Examples of mineral pigments are 
ocher, 
goethite, 
chalk, 
green earth, 
azurite, 
cinnabar, and 
malachite.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
pigment minéral (Fr.); pigmento mineral (Port.)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
Category:Materials database
Mineral spirits

== Description ==
A hydrocarbon petroleum distillate collected in the boiling range of 150-200C. Mineral spirits, or paint thinner, is used as a substitute for 
turpentine because it is odor-free and leaves no sticky residues. It has also been used as a dry-cleaning fluid to remove oil and grease spots.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Varsol; Shellsol; VM&P naphtha; white spirits (Br.); Amsco; Varnolene; Texaco spirits; petroleum spirits; petroleum solvent; substitute turpentine; odorless paint thinner; odorless mineral spirits (OMS); Stoddard solvent; ligroin; petroleum paint thinner; mineral thinner; naphtha; benzine
==Risks==
* Highly flammable (flash point 38C). 
* Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. 
* Cisco Chem: SDS
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
Miscible with other hydrocarbon solvents. Insoluble in water.
CAS 	8052-41-3
Density 	0.79 g/ml
Boiling Point	150-200 C
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Richard S. Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 10th ed., 1993
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Mineral tanned leather

== Description ==
Leather tanned using inorganic salts, such as chromium, iron, aluminum, and zirconium compounds. Examples of minerals used in tanning include 
alum, 
chromium sulfate, and 
zirconium sulfate. 
See also 
tawing, 
chrome leather.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mineral tanning; pele curtida a mineral (Port.); piel curtida al mineral (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* AMOL reCollections Glossary - http://amol.org.au/recollections/7/c/htm
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database