Tatsusaburo Nakayama

Tatsusaburo Nakayama was a school teacher and martial artist. He is best known for being the first sensei and primary jujutsu teacher of Hironori Otsuka, founder of Wado Ryu, a blended style of jujutsu and Okinawan Shuri- te karate, which would eventually become one of the four main styles of karate.Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo (2019). Shindo Yoshin Ryu, History and Technique ISBN 978-1-7334223-2-1, p.88.Wado Ryu paragraph 1, sentence 1 
==Early life==
Nakayama was born in 1870, in Kuramochi near Akeno Village, Makabe District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. He was the oldest son of Kenzaburo Nakayamaibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.88.
On April 10, 1886, Nakayama entered Katsunosuke Matsuoka's Shindokan dojo and began learning the Jikishinkage-ryū kenjutsu and the Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujutsu Betsuden (short sword capture, large sword capture, atemi, katsuho, etc.) as basic techniques for swordsmanship. Matsuoka was the founder and soke of Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujutsu.Shindō_Yōshin-ryū History/Mainline Branch paragraph, sentence 1"Wado Journal" Jujutsu and Wado Ryu, Magazine 2001 Issue No. 5, page 5, Coronation Press Ltd.
In 1888, at the age of 18, on the recommendation of Katsunosuke Matsuoka, who was expected to have such talent, he entered the gate of Yosaburo Hakomori, a master of Jikishinkage-ryu kenjutsu swordsmanship.Karate Wadoryu From Japan to the West, by Ben Pollock, ISBN 978-1-716-51786-0, Appendix 2, Bujutsu training and Judo Seifuku License page 1 
In March 1890, Nakayama received a Shoden Mokuroku license, training at the Matsuoka Akeno Dojo near Kuramochi. In March 1892 at the ae of 22, he received his Chuden Mokuroku license.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.86.
In 1895, at the age of 25, Nakayama received a Joden Gokyu Menkyo, the highest technical license in Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujutsu, from Motokichi Inose (Matsuoka's successor and second soke over Shindō Yōshin-ryū)ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.86.
In 1898, Nakayama began training in the Ono-ha Ittō-ryū kenjutsy, under Sasaburo Takano.
In 1905, a dojo named the Genbukan, was built near the Shimotsuma Junior High School, and Hakomori was named kancho (lead administrator), and Hakomori requested Nakayama to be his dojocho technical instructor.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.86.
==Shimotsuma Junior High School and the Dai Nippon Butoku Kan==
NakayamaShindō_Yōshin-ryū, History/Mainline Section, paragraph 3 became employed as the physical education teacher at Shimotsuma Junior High School, teaching Judo and Gekken (kendo) classes.Ohgami,Shingo. (2006) Svenska Wadokai, NR #120. Goteborg, Sweden (Article on Shindo Yoshin ryu mentioning a 1905 class yearbook record obtained
In September 1906, Nakayama was awarded a special kendo Ittō-ryū Tokugyi Shosho certificate by Sasaburo Takano.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.86. 
in Dec 1908ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.88., Nakayama was involved with the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, in performing a jujustu and kenjustu demonstration, performing jujutsu with Inose. He also competed in this event in kenjutsu again Torajiro Watabiki and Toyokichi Otaki.
In 1913, The Butoku Kai awarded Nakayama with a Renshi license.
==Later Life==
In May 1919, Nakayama entered the Shindokan again studying Shindo Yoshin-ryu jujutsu under Inose in order to obtain a license as a bone-setter(osteopath). He was also awarded the rank of second dan in kendo. In September of the following year, he was awarded a "Jujutsu Practical Skills Certificate" and received an osteopathic license from the Ibaraki Prefectural Office.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.87.
On June 1, 1921, Nakayama awarded a Menkyo kaiden (certificate of mastery and license to teach) in 'Shindō Yōshin-ryū judo' (jujutsu and judo terms were used fairly interchangeably at this time) to Otsuka.ibid Ben Pollock, pp. 1-3
In 1923, the Butoku Kai awarded Nakayama with a 4th dan in kendo, and a Kendo Seirensho certificate, recongnizing his dedication to kendo.
In 1932, Nakayama retired from Shimatsuma Junior High School, but continued teaching and bone-setting at the Genbukan Dojo.
Feb 17, 1939, Nakayama received his 5th danibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.87. in kendo from Butokukai president Senjuro Hayashi.
==Death and Posthumous Memorials==
March 2, 1945, Nakayama died, per confirmation by family descendent Tsuyuko Nakayama,ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.89. in Shimotsuma City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Sometimes an erroneous death year of 1933 is listed.
In 1973, Nakayama's students from Shimotsuma School raised a monument in his memory near the Genbukan Dojo.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.88.
 
In 1974, another monument was raised in his memory in Kuramochi, his family home, by his kendo students.ibid. Threadgill, Tobin and Ohgami Shingo, p.88.
==Photographs==
A 1908 Genbukan dojo class picture shows Nakayama and his students, including a young 16 year old Otsuka.ibid Ben Pollock, Appendix 3, page 5.
A 1931 class photo from Shimotsuma School shows Nakayama here.
A photo of Nakayama's grave monument can be seen on here.
==Anecdote==
===Three Year Kill===
Nakayama was good at striking and kicking techniques, and when he was training under Katsunosuke Matsuoka, he got into a big fight with dozens of rough-tempered construction workers, but at that time he was able to perform various attacks while changing his strength. I tested myself experimentally and hit all of them.
After that, when they searched for each of them and confirmed whether they were alive or dead, the earliest they lived was 3 months, and the longest lived 13 and a half years. Hironori Otsuka that sannen-katsuri really existed because he averaged three years.
At this time, Nakayama used a fist with the second joint of his middle finger sticking out."Monthly Karatedo" September 2001 issue
Nakayama advocated that it is effective to use the fist with the second joint of the middle finger sticking out to strike the vital point, and all the thrusts in Shindo Yoshin-ryu style were used.
This idea was inherited by Wado-ryu, which was founded by his disciple Hironori Otsuka, and in the 36 kihon kata of Wado-ryu jujutsu kenpo, no straight fist is used, and all thrusts are fists sticking out the second joint of the middle finger.
===Roundhouse Kick===
In the Meiji era, Nakayama used a roundhouse kick in which the opponent's ribs were kicked with the middle foot in a straight line at an angle of 45 degrees."Mystery Secret Kick" April 1998This roundhouse kick is the third kick of the Shindo Yoshin-ryu Betsuden Kotozatsu, which Nakayama learned as a sword technique when he was studying swordsmanship under Katsunosuke Matsuoka, but the relevance is unknown.
This kick was incorporated into the training system as the basic technique of Wado-ryu karate, the roundhouse kick."Monthly Karatedo" July 2012 issue "As for kicks, front kicks, foot sword kicks, and karate did not have roundhouse kicks, so I introduced this from old-style jujutsu."
==Additional Sources ==
* "History and Techniques of Shindo Yoshinryu" Ryozo Fujiwarathese Additional Sources were supplied from the Japanese Wikipedia page, but not footnoted in the English translated page
* "Monthly Karate" September 2001 issue
* "Monthly Karate" July 2012 issue
* "Monthly Karate" August 2012 issue
* "Monthly Hiden" November 1999 issue
* "Monthly Hiden" December 1999 issue
* "Secret Secret Kick" April 1998
* "Wado Journal", Interview with Yikiyoshi Takamura of Shindo Yoshin Ryu Jujutsu, Magazine 2001 Issue No. 1, pp. 3-5
Category:1870 births
Category:Japanese people
Category:Schoolteachers
Category:Martial artists
Category:1945 deaths