nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Chidamide (Epidaza)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An orally bioavailable benzamide type inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoenzymes 1, 2, 3 and 10, with potential antineoplastic activity. Tucidinostat selectively binds to and inhibits HDAC leading to an increase of acetylation levels of histone protein H3. This agent also inhibits the expression of signaling kinases in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Ras signaling pathways and may result in cell cycle arrest and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. This may inhibit tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma
*Breast cancer
*Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2021-06-23: Newly indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.
*2021-11-25: New indication for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
==Also known as==
*Code names: CS-055, HBI-8000
*Generic name: tucidinostat
*Brand name: Epidaza, Hiyasta
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:HDAC inhibitors
Category:Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma medications
Category:Breast cancer medications
Category:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma medications
Category:NMPA approved drugs
Category:PMDA approved in 2021
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Nitrogen mustard, alkylating agent. Interferes with DNA replication and induces apoptosis through accumulation of p53 in the cytosol and downstream activation of the apoptosis promoter Bax.Chlorambucil (Leukeran) package insert Chlorambucil (Leukeran) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (FDA)
*Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (FDA)
*Follicular lymphoma (FDA)
==Diseases for which it is used==
*B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
*Indolent lymphoma
**Marginal zone lymphoma
**Waldenström macroglobulinemia
*Mantle cell lymphoma
==Diseases for which is was used==
*Breast cancer
*Ovarian cancer
*Testicular cancer
==Patient drug information==
*Chlorambucil (Leukeran) package insert
*Chlorambucil (Leukeran) patient drug information (Chemocare)Chlorambucil (Leukeran) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Chlorambucil (Leukeran) patient drug information (UpToDate)Chlorambucil (Leukeran) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*1957-03-18: Initial FDA approval
*2003-11-13 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in the treatment of chronic lymphatic (lymphocytic) leukemia, malignant lymphomas including lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. It is not curative in any of these disorders but may produce clinically useful palliation. (No supporting studies are cited)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1956-09-14: EURD
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Chloraminophene, Chlorambusil, Chlorobutin, Chlorbutin, Leukeran, Linfoxan
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Nitrogen mustards
Category:Alkylating agents
Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications
Category:Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications
Category:Follicular lymphoma medications
Category:Indolent lymphoma medications
Category:MALT lymphoma medications
Category:Mantle cell lymphoma medications
Category:Marginal zone lymphoma medications
Category:Waldenström macroglobulinemia medications
Category:Breast cancer medications (historic)
Category:Ovarian cancer medications (historic)
Category:Testicular cancer medications (historic)
Category:FDA approved in 1957
Category:EMA approved in 1956
Category:WHO Essential Cancer Medicine
Chlorozotocin (DCNU)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A glucose-linked chloroethylnitrosourea with potential antineoplastic activity. Chlorozotocin alkylates DNA and proteins, induces the formation of interstrand DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks, and causes DNA strand breakage, thereby damaging DNA and resulting in cell death. This agent has been shown to exhibit antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell lines and animal models. Chlorozotocin is a mutagen and is less myelotoxic than other nitrosoureas.
==Also known as==
*Generic names: DCNU, D-glucopyranose
*Brand name: Dome
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Nitrosoureas
Category:Stub
Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

==Mechanism of action==
Antihistamine (H1 antagonist), used to prevent or treat allergic side effects from chemotherapeutics and blood products.
==Also known as==
*Generic name: chlorphenamine
*Brand names: Chlor-Trimeton, Piriton
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antihistamines
Category:OTC medications
Cholangiocarcinoma - historical

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The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main cholangiocarcinoma page for current regimens.
Last updated on 2024-07-23:2 regimens on this page
2 variants on this page
 
=Metastatic, first-line therapy=
==ECF==
ECF: Epirubicin, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence 	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005	1997-2003 	Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)	FELV 	Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
====Chemotherapy====
*Epirubicin (Ellence) 50 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
*Cisplatin (Platinol) 60 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
*Fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 21 days, started on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 4200 mg/m2)
21-day cycles
===References===
#Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article EuroPMC
==FELV==
FELV: Fluorouracil , Etoposide & LeucoVorin (Folinic acid)
===Regimen===
Study 	Dates of enrollment	Evidence 	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005	1997-2003 	Phase 3 (C)	ECF 	Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
====Chemotherapy====
*Fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given first
*Etoposide (Vepesid) 120 mg/m2 IV over 40 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, given second
*Leucovorin (Folinic acid) 60 mg/m2 IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given third
21-day cycles
===References===
#Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article EuroPMC
Category:Cholangiocarcinoma regimens
Category:Disease-specific pages
Category:Biliary tract cancers
Category:Historical regimens
Cilostazol (Pletal)

==General information==
Class/mechanism from Wikipedia: selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) with therapeutic focus on increasing cAMP. An increase in cAMP results in an increase in the active form of protein kinase A (PKA), which is directly related with an inhibition in platelet aggregation.
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Pletal
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:PDE inhibitors
Category:FDA approved in 1999
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Carvykti)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A preparation of autologous T lymphocytes that are transduced, ex vivo, with a lentiviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing two bispecific anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) variable fragments of llama heavy-chain murine antibodies fused to the signaling domain of 4-1BB (CD137), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. The antigen-binding region of the CAR is a non-scFv structure targeting two distinct regions of BCMA. Upon intravenous administration back into the patient, the autologous bi-epitope BCMA-targeted CAR T cells JNJ-68284528 are directed to cells expressing BCMA, bind to two different epitopes on BCMA and induce selective toxicity in BCMA-expressing tumor cells. 
==Toxicity management==
*Link to REMS program
==Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)==
*Multiple myeloma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2022-02-28: Approved for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor (PI), an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD), and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. (Based on CARTITUDE-1)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2022-05-25: Initial conditional authorization
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2023-02-09: Initial notice of compliance with conditions for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma, who have received at least three prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent and an anti-CD38 antibody, and who are refractory to their last treatment.
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2022-02-26: Initial approval
==Also known as==
*Code names: JNJ-68284528, LCAR-B38M
*Generic name: cilta-cel
*Brand name: Carvykti
==References==
Category:Anti-BCMA CAR T-cells
Category:Anti-BCMA cellular therapy
Category:Anti-CD137 cellular therapy
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Multiple myeloma medications
Category:REMS program
Category:EMA approved in 2022
Category:FDA approved in 2022
Category:Health Canada approved in 2023
Category:PMDA approved in 2022
Cixutumumab (IMC-A12)

==Mechanism of action==
Monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).
==Preliminary data==
Note: This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of preliminary results. References included in this section include non-randomized studies published in high-profile journals (e.g., NEJM) and experimental arms of phase 3 RCTs. Inclusion here is not an indication of impending regulatory approval, although many of these drugs do end up receiving approval by a regulatory authority.
===Adrenocortical carcinoma===
# Naing A, Lorusso P, Fu S, Hong D, Chen HX, Doyle LA, Phan AT, Habra MA, Kurzrock R. Insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) antibody cixutumumab combined with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2013 Mar 5;108(4):826-30. Epub 2013 Feb 14. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
===Ewing sarcoma===
# Naing A, LoRusso P, Fu S, Hong DS, Anderson P, Benjamin RS, Ludwig J, Chen HX, Doyle LA, Kurzrock R. Insulin growth factor-receptor (IGF-1R) antibody cixutumumab combined with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with refractory Ewing's sarcoma family tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 May 1;18(9):2625-31. Epub 2012 Mar 31. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
===Soft tissue sarcoma===
# NCI-2011-01408: Schwartz GK, Tap WD, Qin LX, Livingston MB, Undevia SD, Chmielowski B, Agulnik M, Schuetze SM, Reed DR, Okuno SH, Ludwig JA, Keedy V, Rietschel P, Kraft AS, Adkins D, Van Tine BA, Brockstein B, Yim V, Bitas C, Abdullah A, Antonescu CR, Condy M, Dickson MA, Vasudeva SD, Ho AL, Doyle LA, Chen HX, Maki RG. Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Apr;14(4):371-82. Epub 2013 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT01016015
===Thymoma===
# NCI 09-C-0212: Rajan A, Carter CA, Berman A, Cao L, Kelly RJ, Thomas A, Khozin S, Chavez AL, Bergagnini I, Scepura B, Szabo E, Lee MJ, Trepel JB, Browne SK, Rosen LB, Yu Y, Steinberg SM, Chen HX, Riely GJ, Giaccone G. Cixutumumab for patients with recurrent or refractory advanced thymic epithelial tumours: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Feb;15(2):191-200. Epub 2014 Jan 15. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
==Also known as==
*Code name: IMC-A12
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-IGF-1R antibodies
Category:Adrenocortical carcinoma medications (investigational)
Category:Ewing sarcoma medications (investigational) 
Category:Soft tissue sarcoma medications (investigational) 
Category:Thymoma medications (investigational)
Category:Halted drugs
Cladribine (Leustatin)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Purine analog; mimics the nucleoside adenosine, inhibiting adenosine deaminase, which interferes with DNA synthesis and repair.Cladribine package insert Cladribine (Leustatin) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: IV, SC
Extravasation: irritant or neutral, depending on reference
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is established==
*Hairy cell leukemia (FDA)
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Acute myeloid leukemia
*Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
*Hypereosinophilic syndrome
*Indolent lymphoma
**B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
*Langerhans cell histiocytosis
*Mantle cell lymphoma
*Systemic mastocytosis
==Diseases for which it was used==
*Waldenström macroglobulinemia
==Patient drug information==
*Cladribine package insert
*Cladribine (Leustatin) patient drug information (Chemocare)Cladribine (Leustatin) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Cladribine (Leustatin) patient drug information (UpToDate)Cladribine (Leustatin) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 1993-02-26: Initial FDA approval for treatment of active hairy cell leukemia. (Based on Saven et al. 1998)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*1993-02-26: EURD
==Also known as==
*Generic names: 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA
*Brand names: Leustatin, Litak, Movectro
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Subcutaneous medications
Category:Irritant
Category:Neutral
Category:Antimetabolites
Category:Purine analogs
Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications
Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications
Category:Hairy cell leukemia medications
Category:Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications
Category:Indolent lymphoma medications
Category:Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications
Category:MALT lymphoma medications
Category:Mantle cell lymphoma medications
Category:Systemic mastocytosis medications
Category:Waldenström macroglobulinemia medications (historic)
Category:FDA approved in 1993
Category:EMA approved in 1993
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

==Mechanism of action==
Antibiotic which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S subunit. Mechanism for observed antineoplastic effect may be through suppression of IL-6.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
*B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
==Diseases for which it was used==
*Multiple myeloma
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Biaxin
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antibacterials
Category:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications
Category:MALT lymphoma medications
Category:Multiple myeloma medications (historic)
Category:FDA approved in 1991
Clinical trials

*ClinicalTrials.gov
*Information & clinical trials by mutation type: My Cancer Genome
*Adverse event grading for clinical trials: Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC)
:*CTCAE 5x7" small booklet format local backup
:*CTCAE 8.5x11" letter size format local backup
Category:Evidence-based oncology
Category:General reference pages
Clodronate (Bonefos)

Not FDA approved; used in several other countries (Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, others).
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Bisphosphonate, inhibits osteoclast activity, dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals, and bone resorption/turnover.Clodronate (Bonefos) package insert Clodronate (Bonefos) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Disease-specific information==
For now this will be a gathering point for RCTs examining the use of this agent, which does not have clear antineoplastic properties; in the future this information may be moved to separate page(s).
===Breast cancer===
* Diel IJ, Solomayer EF, Costa SD, Gollan C, Goerner R, Wallwiener D, Kaufmann M, Bastert G. Reduction in new metastases in breast cancer with adjuvant clodronate treatment. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 6;339(6):357-63. link to original article EuroPMC
===Multiple myeloma===
* Lahtinen R, Laakso M, Palva I, Virkkunen P, Elomaa I. Randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trial of clodronate in multiple myeloma. Finnish Leukaemia Group. Lancet. 1992 Oct 31;340(8827):1049-52. Erratum in: Lancet 1992 Dec 5;340(8832):1420. link to original article EuroPMC
* MRC Myeloma IX: Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Cocks K, Bell SE, Szubert AJ, Navarro-Coy N, Drayson MT, Owen RG, Feyler S, Ashcroft AJ, Ross F, Byrne J, Roddie H, Rudin C, Cook G, Jackson GH, Child JA; National Cancer Research Institute Haematological Oncology Clinical Study Group. First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Dec 11;376(9757):1989-99. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC
==Patient drug information==
*Clodronate (Bonefos) patient drug information (UpToDate)Clodronate (Bonefos) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==Also known as==
*Generic names: clodronate disodium, clodronic acid disodium tetrahydrate
*Brand names: Bonefos, Clasteon, Clastoban, Climaclod, Clodeosten, Clodran, Clodron, Clody, Difosfonal, Disdual, Lodronat, Loron, Lytos, Mebonat, Moticlod, Niklod, Ossiten, Ostac, Osteonorm, Osteostab, Sindronat
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Bisphosphonates
Clofarabine (Clolar)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Purine analog, inhibits DNA synthesis and repair by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and competitively inhibiting DNA polymerases. It also causes apoptosis by disrupting the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, triggering the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, which are pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins.Clofarabine (Clolar) package insert Clofarabine (Clolar) package insert (locally hosted backup)Clolar manufacturer's website
Route: IV, PO
Extravasation: neutral
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
*Acute myeloid leukemia
*Myelodysplastic syndrome
==Patient drug information==
*Brief patient counseling information can be found at the bottom of page 2 of the package insert
*Clofarabine (Clolar) patient drug information (UpToDate)Clofarabine (Clolar) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 2004-12-28: Accelerated approval for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 to 21 years old with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia after at least two prior regimens. (Based on Jeha et al. 2003 & CLO212)
**2022-07-18: Converted to regular approval
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2006-05-29: Initial authorization as Evoltra
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2009-07-16: Initial notice of compliance
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2013-03-25: Initial approval for the treatment of recurrent or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
==Also known as==
*Generic name: klofarabin
*Brand names: Cfara, Clolar, Clofalon, Evorabin, Evoltra, Farabine, Ivozall
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Neutral
Category:Oral medications
Category:Antimetabolites
Category:Purine analogs
Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
Category:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications
Category:Myelodysplastic syndrome medications
Category:FDA approved in 2004
Category:EMA approved in 2006
Category:Health Canada approved in 2009
Category:PMDA approved in 2013
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Irreversible thienopyridine class inhibitor of the P2Y12 class of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors on platelets, inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation.Clopidogrel (Plavix) package insert Clopidogrel (Plavix) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Patient drug information==
*Clopidogrel (Plavix) package insert
*Clopidogrel (Plavix) medication guideClopidogrel (Plavix) medication guide
*Clopidogrel (Plavix) patient drug information (UpToDate)Clopidogrel (Plavix) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Bio-Clopi, Ceruvin, Clop-75, Clopalvix, Clopicard, Clopidro, Clopinam, Deviplat, Lopigrol, Plagril, Plavix, Stroka
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:P2Y12 ADP inhibitors
Category:FDA approved in 1997