nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Rational Response Squad

The Rational Response Squad, or the RRS, is an atheist activism group dedicated to confronting irrational claims (often made by theists), conspiracy theories and pseudoscience while promoting reason and rational thought. The co-founder is Brian Sapient (an alias).
==Blasphemy Challenge==
Started on December 2006, the RRS began the Blasphemy Challenge. The Blasphemy Challenge was a Internet based project for people to record themselves on camera denying the Holy Spirit and posting it on the web. Based on the RRS interpretation of scripture, blaspheming the holy Spirit was an unforgivable sin, thus condemning all participants to the point of no return.
The first 1,001 people who participated in this challenge would receive a copy of the film The God Who Wasn't There written and directed by RRS member and former Christian fundamentalist Brian Flemming.
==YouTube controversy==
On March 23, 2007, the Rational Response YouTube channel was suspended but later reinstated. The reason for this was Israeli psychic Uri Geller claimed the Rational Response Squad was using his material featuring him that infringed copyright claims.
On September 16, 2007, the Rational Response Squad YouTube channel was taken down due to spurious DMCA requests from someone working on behalf of the Creation Science Evangelism ministry. The Creation Science Evangelism ministry has a YouTube channel cseministry. The RRS account was restored on September 18, 2007.
==Debate with Way of the Master==
On May 5, 2007, RRS co-founder Brian Sapient and RRS member Kelly O'Connor participated in a live debate aired on Nightline with Ray Comfort and Kirk Cameron. Comfort and Cameron claimed they were able to show the existence of their god without the use of the Bible and faith (spoiler: they weren't).
==External links==
*Rational Response Squad website
Category:Atheism
Category:Organizations
Rationalism vs. Religious Instruction in the Public Schools

First published in the United States in 1945, Rationalism vs. Religious Instruction in the Public Schools is an atheist tract by Arthur G. Cromwell. Although it came out several years earlier, it became famous (and subsequently received national publication) when Cromwell's daughter, Vashti McCollum, sued her local school district over the issue of enforced Bible instruction during class time.
Even today, the first sentence of the tract is one of the most incendiary statements in American culture. Newspapers reported most of the audience gasping when the tract came up at McCollum's trial.
The fifteen-page tract is no longer in publication as a stand-alone book.
Category:Books
Category:Rationalism
Raw honey

Some people believe that raw honey is better than pasteurized honey sold in bear-shaped plastic squeeze bottles at supermarkets which lack the health and taste benefits of cloudy-looking raw honey—preferably with a big chunk of honeycomb, and maybe even broken bee wing fragments, floating in it.Benefits of Honey. 3 Things You Need to Know About Raw Honey (Buying Tips). Retrieved September 24, 2017. Apparently, it contains all-important yeast, antioxidants, and enzymes (allegedly responsible for activating vitamins and minerals in the body), which have been destroyed by pasteurization. It can also apparently cure allergies and heal skin wounds as well be a cosmetic application. Honey is about 70% sugar (glucose and fructose), so nutritionally, it's not that good for you if you eat a lot of it.
Raw honey is touted by alkaline diet promoters. According to one claim, According to this site, pH diet and possibly raw honey kill CANCER!!. Retrieved September 24, 2017. it becomes alkaline in the digestive system similar to fruits because fruits have similar ingredients to raw honey. Since it doesn't ferment in the stomach, it can be used to counteract acid indigestion and it has enzymes concentrated in flower pollen that helps predigest starch like breads. For those who have remembered watching The Magic School Bus, never mind that the human mouth is rich in the amylase enzyme, found in saliva, and the mouth is also the beginning point of digestion, not the stomach as claimed. The mouth is already doing the job of "predigestion", so unless there is an amylase deficiency, the enzyme touted is pointless. Finally, the claim of "it doesn't ferment in the stomach" assumes that food ferments in the first place in the stomach. It does not,Ray, C. (February 22, 2010). Fruit and Fermentation. The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2017. since the stomach has very low pH and allows for very little bacteria to undergo this process. Hardly anything ferments in the stomach and by the time food reaches the place where bacteria reigns supreme (the large intestine), most nutrients are already absorbed.
Raw honey is also promoted in "natural" cosmetics and is also unsurprisingly touted as medicine. According to NaturalNews,Neff, K. (January 26, 2007). . Natural News. Retrieved September 24, 2017. it can be used as a remedy for everything. Just from the quote below, raw honey seems like a wonder drug. 
Ingesting raw honey, on the other hand, can be dangerous to infants and immunocompromised adults since raw honey can contain C. botulinum spores and thus those people cannot properly deal with them.
==See also==
*Alkaline diet
*Raw food
*Raw milk
*The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine - IslamWeb document purporting the healing powers of honey.
==References==
Category:Food woo
Category:Alternative medicine
Ray

A ray is a type of fish closely related to sharks. It might also refer to:
==People==
*Ray Comfort
:*Thunderf00t debates Ray Comfort
*Ray Kurzweil
*Gene Ray
*James Arthur Ray
*James Earl Ray
*David Ray Griffin
*Barbara Ray
*Paul Ray Ramsey
*Chris Ray Gun
==Woo==
*N-rays
*Q-Ray
==Religion==
*Muslamic ray guns
==See also==
*Raymond
Raymond Aron

Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron was a French liberal intellectual who was active in the turbulent 20th century. He is considered one of the greatest intellectuals in France in the 20th century, and is the pride of the liberal conservative journalist Le Figaro.
==Political position==
After World War II, the French intellectual community divided into two groups: left-wing pro-communist socialists(ex. Jean-Paul Sartre) and center-right anti-communist liberals who criticized them.
Aron was an avid anti-communist and advocate of liberalism and the free world. He received much support from American capitalists such as the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation.Iain Stewart (2019). Raymond Aron and Liberal Thought in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press
He believed that communism necessarily brought totalitarianism, that it should be viewed as fascism, and he consequently took an anti-totalitarian stance. This position was criticized by many college students and left-wing intellectuals, as Marxism was popular in the French intellectual community at that time.
==Totalitarianism==
In his book Democracy and Totalitarianism (1967), Aaron listed what he believed to be the five main elements of totalitarianism:Aron, Raymond; Ionescu, Valence (1968), Democracy and Totalitarianism, Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pages 193-94 
* The totalitarian phenomenon occurs in a one-party system regime.
* The monopolistic party is animated or armed with an ideology it confers absolute authority on as the official truth of the state. 
* To impose this official truth, the state reserves for itself, in turn, a double monopoly, the monopoly of the means of coercion and the means of persuasion. The means of communication, radio, television, press, are directed and commanded by the state and its representatives. 
* Most economic and professional activities are subject to the state and become, in a way, part of the state itself. As the state is inseparable from its ideology, these activities become colored with the official truth. 
* As all activity is subject to the state ideology, errors in these fields are ideological faults. There is a politicization and ideological transfiguration of every possible crime of individuals and in the police and ideological terrorism.
==Relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre==
Raymond Arron and Jean-Paul Sartre were born in 1905 and graduated from the same "Grandes écoles" university. Jean-Paul Sartre wrote in the then left-wing daily Libération, while Raymond Arron wrote in the liberal-conservative daily Le Figaro. He is best known as Jean-Paul Sartre's intellectual opponent.
==His main books==
* Introduction à la philosophie de l'histoire (1938)
* Le Grand schisme (1948)
* L'Opium des intellectuels (1957)
* Démocratie et totalitarisme (1965)
* Le spectateur engagé (1981)
==See also==
* Liberalism
** Liberal conservatism
* Anti-authoritarianism
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Journalists
Category:Conservative liberalism
Category:Liberals
Category:Philosophers
Category:Right-wing activists
Category:Sociology-related stubs
Category:Sociologists
Reaction

*In chemistry, an interaction involving one or more substances that results in a change to their molecular or ionic structure, releasing or consuming energy
*In geology, a process during metamorphism where a group of minerals transforms into different minerals that are more thermodynamically stable in the new heat/pressure conditions
*In politics, a reactionary
*In physics, the description of all forces having reactions opposite to the action
*In pseudophysics, a claim for perpetual motion that there can exist a reactionless thruster
*In psychology, a Freudian term, the defense mechanism known as the reaction formation
*A form of YouTube content that involves a streamer watching another video with their audience, interspersing it with their own commentary. HasanAbi is one famous reaction streamer, and reaction content often has concerns with plagiarism and copyright
Realhistoryww

Realhistoryww was a crackpot black supremacist website owned by a poster on the Egyptsearch forum "Mike111" (where he seems to have spent most his life: 18,000+ posts). As of late 2023, the website has remained suspended by its hosting provided, only available through archive links now.
Mike's website argues all ancient civilizations were black, and that white people are "sickly albinos" that are inferior. 
Many of Mike's racist Egyptsearch posts reveal an unhealthy obsession with white females:
==See also==
* Egmond Codfried
* Clyde Winters
* Paul Marc Washington
==References==
Category:Internet hate sites
Category:Internet kooks
Category:Misnomers
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Racism
Reality-based community

The phrase "reality-based community" first appeared in an October 17, 2004 New York Times article by Ron Suskind titled "Faith, Certainty and the Presidency of George W. Bush".
It apparently originated as a derisive term: Suskind quoted a member of the Bush administration who used the phrase to refer to the community of people who did not buy into the notion that Bush and his team were able to create their own reality. Unsurprisingly, the intended targets of the slur instantly embraced it as a badge of honor: they began to describe themselves with the phrase "a proud member of the reality-based community".
The full quote read:
The quote was subsequently widely attributed to Karl Rove.Karl Rove quotes"Words in a Time of War: Taking the Measure of the First Rhetoric-Major President," Mark Danner. May 10, 2007
Apart from the introduction of the phrase "reality-based community", the quote is also interesting in that it highlights the fact that the kind of people with whom the reality-based community is being contrasted — messianists who believe themselves to be on a mission from God — do not believe that "solutions emerge from (the) judicious study of discernible reality".A humanities professor at an R1 university in the American South considers the aide's use of postmodern anti-foundationalism and admission of hegemony not only ironic, but also entertaining.
==See also==
*Brexit - "People are tired of experts", says Michael Rove Gove. (Because they use witchcraft like "facts" and "logic" to draw conclusions rather than pull it out of their asses.)
==Notes==
==References==
Category:United States politics
Category:Neologisms
Reappropriation

Reappropriation, or Amelioration, is the reclaiming of linguistic terms with histories of nasty usage as a way to help create a sense of pride and or/power. The canonical examples are "nigger" and "queer". It has also happened historically; the terms "American" (for a continental), "Tory" (for a UK Conservative), and "Whig" (for a UK liberal) all used to be derogatory slurs thrown at them by others. If only someone told the US's modern liberals...
The goal is to use the word enough in a communal setting so as to weaken its hateful roots, and eventually turn it into a friendly term. Though in most cases where this has been done, it's only acceptable for the group being tarred by that word to use it.ELI5: What the methodology behind reappropriation of words like "faggot" and "nigger"? Indeed, according to Chris Rock, there is only one highly convoluted situation when it's appropriate for a white person to say "nigger".Chris Rock: Should White People Say Nigger (Archived) YouTube.Chris Rock: Kill the Messenger (2008) And like with the word "nigger", it is also understandably difficult to mitigate if not erase the stigma associated with the homophobic slur "faggot",Ellis, Philip (6 July 2019). "Reclaiming the word 'faggot' is a tricky business". GQ. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2021. though queer women apparently have no qualms about reclaiming the lesbian slur "dyke".‘We’re here, we’re queer, we will not live in fear!’: A Content Analysis Exploring Gender Disparity in the Public Reappropriation of LGBTQ+ Slurs
==In partisan US politics==
More recently, the word seems to have been given a new meaning by cranks, who throw around with wild abandon the notion that politicians could reappropriate funds from discretionary government spending in order to pay for whatever insane idea they have come up with. If pressed, they tell you they will explain it later, or it's too technical, but there is plenty of that funding out there.
==Extreme wingnut reappropriation==
In 2012, Bryan Fischer launched a campaign to reappropriate the word "discrimination", which to most ordinary people would sound like trying to "reappropriate" words such as "evil", "cruelty", or "excruciating pain". Said Fischer: "Bottom line: it’s time for conservatives to unhesitatingly reclaim the “D” word, dust it off, and use it without apology." (Fischer's expressed target was discrimination against — what else? — homosexuals, but people like Fischer would surely find plenty of other potential applications as well.)http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/bryan-fischer-reclaim-d-word-promote-anti-gay-discrimination
==References==
Category:Language
Rebecca Carley

Rebecca Carley is a former medical doctor who was found mentally unfit to practice medicine in 2003License Suspension of Rebecca Lee Carley, M.D. by Stephen Barrett (February 11, 2004) Quackwatch. after urinating and defecating on herself in front of a police officer.Literally. Rebecca Carley, MD, a Disgrace to Medicine She later became a spokesperson for the anti-vaccine movement. In addition to rambling incoherently at anti-vaccine conventions, Rebecca Carley continued to practice medicine (without a licence) online and via the phone to both people and pets.Dr. Carley does consultations Reversing Vaccine Induced Diseases (archived from May 7, 2012). She claimed to be able to cure just about everything from asthma and autism to multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease.
She maintains a stream of consciousness website in the style of Time Cube complete with self-authored political cartoons of mosquitoes and a Kent Hovind-like money challenge for anyone to come on her internet radio show and prove vaccines are safe. The rules of the contest are not made clear, nor is the reality of the money. All we know is that her "listeners will decide the truth." She spammed her "challenge" to several medical organizations and uses auto-replies as proof that they promised to respond but never did.Rebecca Carley's homepage
In all seriousness, Rebecca Carley is clearly very mentally ill. All her licences were revoked because of her extreme mental disturbances. The fact that the anti-vaccine movement is so quick to embrace her and shop her "credentials" around is proof either of malicious liars or complete idiots. Either way, it should be obvious Carley and any organization that promotes her has no business giving advice about how to keep children healthy. 
 
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Physicians
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:Anti-vaccination movement
Rebecca Watson

Rebecca Watson is a skeptic and a feminist activist. —"Elevatorgate." Freethought Kampala. 2011 September 11."Asteroids Named for Skeptics, Authors, Science Activists." Skeptical Inquirer, page 9. Winter 2008. —Omar Mouallem. "Making a living of bullshit detecting." Vue Weekly, issue #671: "The Bullshit Issue." August 2008. —"Playlist - Skeptics Guide to the Universe." Wired. August 2008.Clea Simon. "Showing a talent for radio." The Boston Globe. 2008 January 11. Watson is the sole content creator for the website Skepchick, which promotes skepticism and atheism among women, LGBTers, and teens (all groups who have historically been reluctant to come out as atheists, in part due to the stereotype that atheism is for angry men over thirty). —Ellen Lundgren. "National Ask an Atheist Day!" Athen Alces. 2013 April 18.Amanda Marcotte. "The Center For Inquiry Likes Atheism’s Cranky White Guy Image, So Screw You Ladies." Pandagon. 2013 June 17. She talks about all of these topics on her YouTube channel. She also co-hosted Skeptics Guide to the Universe,"The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe Bios." The Skeptics Guide to the Universe. a skeptical podcast, until December 2014, when she departed due to burnout and a desire to focus more on Skepchick, Patreon, and her Quiz-o-Tron 9000 live panel show."Why I've Left SGU", Skepchick. 2014 December 14.
She has an asteroid named after her, 153289 Rebeccawatson.NASA JPL Solar System Dynamics Small-Body Database Lookup, #153289
== External links ==
*Skepchick
*Rebecca Watson on YouTube
== See also ==
*Elevatorgate
*Toupée fallacy, which she is sometimes said to have originated
==References==
Category:Atheists
Category:Bloggers
Category:Feminists
Category:Living people
Category:Skeptics
Category:YouTube
Rebuttable presumption

A rebuttable presumption is a term used in law to reflect a situation where a fact is assumed to be true but may be rebutted with evidence. In criminal law, it is an example of when the onus of proof shifts from the prosecution to the defendant.
The standard of evidence needed to rebut a presumption depends on the substantive law. Usually, a presumption can be rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence. However, the presumption that a patent is valid can be rebutted in court only by clear and convincing evidence.
A classic case of this is the presumptions regarding possession of drugs, and whether "intent to supply" is added to the charge. This usually goes on the circumstances that the drugs were found in and their amount—no evidence of the defendant actually dealing is usually required for "intent to supply" to be added to the charge. For instance, if someone possesses more than half an ounce of marijuana the person is presumed to have the drugs for the purpose of supply, although the threshold amounts might vary from place to place. However, if the accused is able to show (and the onus is on him) that he has that amount for his personal use (i.e., he smokes a lot of weed) then he can escape with just a possession charge.
Category:Law
Red

Red is a commie color! Supposedly, it's to honor the blood of the proletariat, but it may just be because the Russians like red, in fact, Russian word for red (krasnyj) is related to the Russian word for beautiful (krasivyj). It also has a number of other meanings.
*Red Army — the communist forces of the Russian Civil War
*Red-baiting — an attempt to accuse opponents of being communist
*Red Dawn — 80s Cold War propaganda film
*Operation Red Dog — the KKK's attempt to overthrow the Dominican government
*Red dye — a food dye sometimes derived from insects
*Red heifer — a type of cow the Old Testament recommends for slaughter
*Red herring — trying to bring up a completely unrelated issue in a debate
*Red Ice Creations — alt-right webshite
*Red-Letter Christians — a group of progressive Christians
*Red Lynx — a population genetics simulator
*Red mercury — supposedly a powerful substance
*RedPanels — alt-right webcomic that is basically a precursor of StoneToss
*Red pill — a reference to the film The Matrix; is often used (erroneously) to indicate converting to alt-right/manosphere views
*Red Pill Religion — anti-atheist blog
*Red planet — Mars
*Red Queen's race — a situation where advances on all sides are equal
*Red room — places on the dark web where you can supposedly watch murder or torture
*Red shift — the tendency of the wavelengths of light emanating from objects moving away from the observer to become longer due to the Doppler effect
*Red state — U.S. states that typically vote for Republicans