Whataboutism

Whataboutism (also known as Whataboutery especially in the UK) is a deflection or red herring version of the classic tu quoque logical fallacy — sometimes implementing the balance fallacy as well — which is employed as a propaganda technique. It is used as a diversionary tactic to shift the focus off of an issue and avoid having to directly address it. This technique works by twisting criticism back onto the critic and in doing so revealing the original critic's hypocrisy. The usual syntax is "What about...?" followed by an issue on the opponent's side which is vaguely, if at all, related to the original issue.
The tactic is an old favorite of the Soviet Union,The New Cold War: How the Kremlin Menaces Both Russia and the West by Edward Lucas (2009) Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780747596363. and Marxists/the far left in general; the strategy was originally used in the form of "And at your place, they hang black people." The term 'whataboutery' itself, however, only dates back to 1974 with its use in The Troubles in Northern Ireland,whataboutery, noun. Oxford English Dictionary. whereas the term 'whataboutism' dates back to 1978 with reference to the Soviet Union.whataboutism, noun. Oxford English Dictionary.
In recent years, whataboutism made a comeback in Russia under Vladimir Putin's regime (since they seemingly learned all the wrong lessons from the Cold War), and has also seen a rise in usage by Donald Trump, his support base, and the rest of the far-right.Trump Embraces One Of Russia's Favorite Propaganda Tactics — Whataboutism
Simply put, whataboutism refers to the bringing up of one issue in order to distract from the discussion of another. It does not apply to the comparison and analysis of two similar issues in terms such as why some are given more social prominence than others. Whataboutism can be found in many walks of life, not just the political arena, but among religious apologists, and even within rival factions of sports fandom.
==Examples==
*As mentioned, one of the most common examples of this fallacy was Soviet responses to criticism by pointing out the United States' own failings, such as the mob lynching of blacks. "And you are lynching Negroes" (or "And you are hanging blacks", as the term Negro fell into disrepute) was a common joke in the Soviet Union at the United States' expense,In reference to organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan. used when Americans accused the Soviets of violating human rights. While often just an informal joke, sometimes this argument was used seriously. It's a tu quoque argument and a type of whataboutism.It is in fact the first usage of the term "Whataboutism", used by the Economist. Instead of attempting to justify the behavior of the Soviet Union, this argument is an easy way to deflect blame onto America by implying they're hypocrites.This joke first began in the 1920s and carried on to the 1960s; after that, the US civil rights movement started to make the argument seem less and less relevant.
**Russia invading a country is okay because IRAQ and http://theweek.com/article/index/257342/no-the-iraq-war-does-not-give-putin-the-right-to-invade-ukraine
**A complaint about the excessive bureaucracy involved in getting some clothes dry-cleaned was met with a complaint about the difficulty in getting a UK visa for Russian citizens.http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/26/russia-abuses-bureaucracy-putin-drycleaning
**In a rare reversal, Russia was accused of hypocrisy after highlighting the war crimes committed by Australian military personnel in Afghanistan.Russia accused of 'hypocrisy' after attacking Australia over Afghanistan war crimes report
** When the (IOC) suspended Russia's membership of its sub-committee in 2023 amidst the country's invasion of Ukraine the year prior, forcing athletes previously competing under the "Russian Olympic Committee" flag (after the country was previously sanctioned for its systematic doping programme) to represent themselves individually as neutral athletes under a specially designated banner, Russia saw a quick opportunity to accuse the IOC of double standards as they gave Israel a free pass despite them carrying out an invasion of Gaza.
*Another similar term, whataboutery, was coined during The Troubles to describe deflection of criticisms of the Provisional IRA.https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2017/09/13/whataboutery-whataboutism/
*During the 1970s, American political satirist Art Buchwald coined the phrase "What about Chappaquiddick?", in reference to Richard Nixon's supporters deflecting the Watergate scandal by bringing up Democratic scandals, namely the Oh yeah? Well, what about Chappaquiddick?
*In the current era, a rather common use of whataboutism is seen from defenders of Israel.http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/23605/why-have-the-pakistani-liberals-forsaken-gaza/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/israel-gaza_b_5591954.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=PHsOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=Israel+whataboutery&source=bl&ots=nrKHkSfVV9&sig=xYCirzr6mKTwY0n28bSaYUDYdZQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim1cTI2afKAhVCQyYKHRC6DS84ChDoAQgnMAI#v=onepage&q=Israel%20whataboutery&f=false No matter what Israel does to inspire global protests and objections — such as the 2014 "Operation Protective Edge" that killed over 2,000 Palestinians in Gaza, a quarter of them childrenhttp://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/feb/13/ap-exclusive-high-civilian-death-toll-in-gaza/ — many Israel-defenders try to change the conversation by asking "What about [fill in the blank with Iran, Ukraine, etc.]", in order to suggest that Israel's critics single out the country for criticism and do not care about any other atrocities in the world, a claim no more rational than suggesting people who work in animal shelters hate the homeless. Some even admit to the whataboutism, but think it is nevertheless at least partially justified: "It is whataboutery, yes, but a legitimate piece of whataboutery I believe."http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100282957/the-one-piece-of-whataboutery-that-israel-bashers-have-no-answer-to/
*In response to criticism of China's human rights record at a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council, Chinese diplomat Fu Cong told the Council, “The US is notorious for prison abuse at Guantanamo prison, its gun violence is rampant, racism is its deep-rooted malaise. The United States conducts large-scale extra-territorial eavesdropping, uses drones to attack other countries’ innocent civilians, its troops on foreign soil commit rape and murder of local people. It conducts kidnapping overseas and uses black prisons."http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/10/china-attacks-us-hypocrisy-un-human-rights-council
*Cuba will often criticize various (admittedly bad) United States domestic policies to direct attention away from its own domestic policy failures. One example comes in the form of a reprimanding of American treatment of Puerto Rico, an island with over a century of American control under its belt.http://en.granma.cu/mundo/2016-06-21/cuba-calls-for-an-end-to-the-colonial-status-of-puerto-rico-at-the-united-nations
*Augusto Pinochet's secret police DINA took several photos of British prisons in Northern Ireland during The Troubles, in order to deflect from British criticisms of the Pinochet regime's human rights abuses at the United Nations.Activities of Virgilio Paz in Northern Ireland during 1975, National Security Archive
*Whenever criticism of Islam comes up, its apologists typically tend to do the following.A distinction between criticizing Islam and Islamophobia must be made, however. For instance, Islamophobia would be picking a few violent verses from the Quran and then concluding that Islam and its followers are evil. Criticism would be how violent and cruel the Quran is and how it conflicts with modern society's morals.
*:1. Randomly invoke US foreign policy (the textbook definition of whataboutism).
*:2. Appeal to the Crusades as if they were recent events (while handwaving contemporary Islamist terrorism).
*:3. Recite (admittedly horrible) quotes from the Old Testament, even when their opponent is neither Jewish nor Christian, nor has even invoked the Bible to begin with and despite the fact that many Muslims actually tend to believe in the Old Testament too.
*:4. (Specifically when discussing Islamic antisemitism) Ask why the Jewish person asking isn't concerned about white Christian antisemitism, even if the Jewish person is.
*At home in the rationalism community, the "Dear Muslima" or "Elevatorgate" kerfuffle was an incident where Richard Dawkins used whataboutery to dismiss a woman's conference-creep experiences, implying that her complaint wasn't justified because Muslim women suffer more than her.
*Donald Trump: "What about the alt-left that came charging at the, as you say, the alt-right? Do they have any semblance of guilt?"Schwartz, Ian. Trump to "Fake News": What About The Alt-Left That Came Charging At The Alt-Right? Do They Have Any Guilt? RealClearPolitics. August 15, 2017.
**While we're at it, basically anytime somebody invokes Hillary Clinton, Bill Clinton, or Barack Obama in a topic about Trump.
**Or bringing up China and Hunter Biden whenever someone points at Trump's Russian connections.
*On the rare event in presidential debates when US imperialism is criticized, the politicians bring up 9/11 for no reason except to derail the discussion and have the mindless audience cheer.
*Feminism isn't needed in the first world because The Middle East.
*On the same note, MRAs will oftentimes derail conversations on women's issues by screaming "what about men's issues?" when it's not relevant.
*Noam Chomsky has an occasional bad habit here, despite being the source of one of the most famous quotes regarding the issue — see his comments on the atrocities in Cambodia and Charlie Hebdo attacks in particular.
*Neo-Nazi leader Bob Heick responding to Geraldo Rivera's evocation of the Holocaust by literally shouting "What about Josef Stalin?!"
*Ann Coulter defended Roy Moore’s alleged molesting of teenage girls by accusing John F. Kennedy of doing the same.
*Defenders/enablers of the 2021 U.S. Capitol riot often deflect criticism by pointing to real or perceived (but mostly the latter) riots by Antifa and Black Lives Matter in an attempt to justify the riot without actually addressing the Capitol riot itself. This is also factually inaccurate, since almost all of at least the BLM protests were peaceful and the rioters generally did not associate themselves with the protestors. As for Antifa, the right has been known to overdramatize and overexaggerate the violence, which is usually just confined to things like setting wastebins on fire. Additionally, neither of them have tried to take down a democratically elected government.
* The USA's admittedly horrid for-profit prison system is often used by tankies and anti-American nationalists to justify their own mass incarcerations and abuses. For instance, "China is just doing standard counter-terrorism by incarcerating a few million Uighurs! If you have a problem with the usage of imprisonment, why don't you do something about the 3 million people in the AmeriKKKan prison system!"
* and Brian Reynolds Myers attract North Korean war crimes issues that are not directly related to World War II to criticize South Koreans' anti-Japanese sentiment caused by and Japanese historical revisionism during World War II. They argue that South Korea should abandon its anti-Japanese sentiment and be close to Japan, and instead show anti-North Korean hostility.Kelly, Robert E. (4 June 2015). "Why South Korea is So Obsessed with Japan". Real Clear Defense.See Brian Reynolds Myers#Japanese war crimes issues Similarly, when South Korean liberals make legitimate anger-based accusations of Japanese ultra-nationalist historical revisionism, Shin Ki-wook attacks South Korean liberals' anti-Japanese "Korean ethnic nationalism".
* In the wake of the racist mass shooting at a supermarket in Buffalo NY, connections were drawn between the shooter's belief in the Great Replacement theory which was echoed by Tucker Carlson. Glenn Greenwald and Tucker's defenders online brought up the shooting at a congressional baseball game by a Bernie Sanders supporter and Rachel Maddow watcher.
* America shouldn't have to do anything about climate change because China.
* China shouldn't have to do anything about climate change because America.
* Some defenders of Qatar hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup, which was accused of exploiting laborers to death, bribery, and concerns for LGBT rights, have constantly invoked it was hypocritical that the U.S. was granted the 2026 tournament despite global and domestic human rights violations without being criticized for getting the hosting gig, or that Germany was still given the 2006 edition despite allegation of bribery.
* During a 60 Minutes interview about sportswashing in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi minister of sports invoked mass shootings in the U.S. as a concern for the 2026 World Cup and that the country was granted hosting of the event despite them as a response when he was asked about human rights concerns in the kingdom that has been using sports for economic gain and whitewashing its global image, including getting granted the 2034 World Cup. 
Saudi Arabia becomes unlikely sports hub amid sportswashing accusations | 60 Minutes 
* When Karim Khan, chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, was considering arrest warrants on Benjamin Netanyahu for crimes against humanity against Palestine, Republican politicians like Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, and Tom Cotton jointly threatened Khan with sanctions and randomly brought up China/Iran/Syria to deflect from Israel's own crimes.EXCLUSIVE: “You Have Been Warned”: Republican Senators Threaten the ICC Prosecutor over Possible Israel Arrest Warrants Ironically, their whining parallels that of Vladimir Putin after he placed Khan on a sanctions list over an arrest warrant for war crimes in Ukraine.
==Criticisms==
Several commentators have also noted that whataboutism accusations themselves can be used as a method of deflection in debates. Professor of journalism Christian Christensen argued that whataboutism accusations can enable double standards by dismissing criticisms of one's own behavior by focusing on those of others, while whataboutism itself can be useful in pointing out double standards and contradictions present in society. Christensen cited the example of Noam Chomsky being accused of whataboutism when Chomsky pointed out the double standards in Western leaders' condemnation of the Charlie Hebdo attacks by Islamic extremists, and their eulogies for Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah, in spite of their shared views in Islamic fundamentalism and disregard for human rights. In such cases, state violence and human rights violations by "them", i.e. opponents of the Western world, are often framed as innate and systemic, while similar violence by "us" i.e. the Western world and its allies, are framed as necessary evils to defend the democratic system.
The general rule of thumb is that it's OK to point out hypocrisy if there actually are double standards being applied rather than just a diversion tactic, though the demarcation is not well defined. For instance, if Alice steals a lawnmower from Bob, and Bob takes Alice to court, Alice would not be in the right for pointing out that Charlie stole Denise's car without repercussion, because stealing a lawnmower is still a crime even if a lesser crime than car theft, nor is the law being applied unfairly when it comes to Alice. But if Bob had stolen Alice's snow-blower a few months prior without any repercussions, Alice would indeed have a legitimate grievance as the law is clearly only being applied in one direction. The question arises whether that grievance remains legitimate if it was Charlie instead of Bob who stole the snow-blower from Alice; one crime is being pursued over another to Alice's disfavor, but Bob is not being treated unfairly by the law in this case.
So let's say Russia placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, to which the US responds rather aggressively, it could indeed be a legitimate complaint to say "what about your missiles pointed at the USSR in Turkey?", as it's virtually the same scenario with the parties reversed. It would become less legitimate of a grievance if the defense was "what about China pointing missiles at the USSR?" as it's a similar scenario but doesn't involve one of the parties, a much less legitimate argument if it's "what about India's missiles pointed at Pakistan" as they are both separate parties, and completely illegitimate if it's "what about racism in Brazil" as it's both a completely different scenario with no connection to either original party.
In summation, the same problem can exist in multiple cultures or organizations at the same time to varying degrees, so drawing attention to a problem in one culture or organization to deflect attention from the same problem or a similar problem in another culture or organization is little more than a dirty debating trick.
==See also==
*Red herring
*Stalin apologetics
*Flying carpet fallacy
*Not as bad as
==External links==
*
*The Economist article that popularized the term
*Article criticizing overuse of the term
==Notes==
==References==
 
Category:Denialism
Category:History of communism
Category:Authoritarianism
Category:Ad hominem
Category:Fallacious arguments
Category:Totalitarianism