The Hugo Award

The Hugo Awards are prestigious awards given for Science fiction and Fantasy achievements in a variety of categories each year. They were founded in 1953. The nominees and winners are selected by the members of Worldcon. Hugo Awards have been given every year since 1955, having been first presented in 1953 with no awards given in 1954. 
==History==
The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year. While "bests" had been voted at all Worldcons since the inaugural event in 1939, no awards were presented until the 11th Worldcon (Philcon II, Philadelphia 1953). The awards were the idea of Hal Lynch, hand-machined by Jack McKnight and consisted of a finned steel rocket on a circular wooden base.
Because the awards presented in 1953 were initially conceived as “one-off” awards, the 1954 Worldcon decided not to present them again. The 1955 Worldcon decided that they should present them, and thereafter it became traditional. Later, after WSFS got written rules, the Hugo Awards were codified into the WSFS Constitution, and became one of the required functions of a Worldcon.
==Name==
The award is named after Hugo Gernsback, the founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine Amazing Stories. Initially the award was called the Annual Science Fiction Achievement Award, with "Hugo Award" being an unofficial, but better known name. Since 1993, the nickname has been adopted as the official name of the award.
==Procedure==
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by members (supporting or attending) of the annual Worldcon (although only about 700 of several thousand Worldcon members actually vote) and the presentation evening constitutes its central point. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with five nominees (except in the case of a tie). Unusually, the nominees in each category include "No award," if a voter feels none of the other entries are worthy of recognition; if "No award" receives the most votes in a category, then none of the nominees receives an award. As of the 2014 awards, No Award had won a total of five times, in five separate years.The Extremely Short History of No Award blog post on File770, 9 April 2015. Due to puppygate in 2015, No Award won in a record-breaking five categories for a single year.
==Trophy==
The Hugo Award trophy was designed by Hoffman Bronze Company based on a picture by Ben Jason, whose picture in turn was based on a design by Jack McKnight and, earlier, Willy Ley. The rocket design has become standardized in recent years and the rockets are currently produced by UK fan Peter Weston. The design for the base on which the rocket is mounted is the responsibility of the Worldcon committee and therefore changes each year. The base design has been selected by various means including committee selection, direct commission and open competition (currently the most common method).
== Fannish Categories ==
Of the current sixteen Hugo Award categories, four exclude professional work from consideration. Two of those, Best Fan Writer and Best Fan Artist, are "person" categories under which work published in semi-professional publications may be considered, while the other two, Best Fanzine and Best Fancast, also exclude semi-professional works.http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-categories/ Recent Fan Writer nominees often write about SFF news, literary criticism, or reviews. Recent Fan Artist portfolios have included both original and transformative works.
The Best Related Work category also encompasses fannish works in its description, specifying that works "related to the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom" published in the prior calendar year and which are "either non-fiction or noteworthy primarily for aspects other than the fictional text" are eligible for consideration. In 2019, the Archive of Our Own was a Hugo Award finalist in the Best Related Work category.2019 Hugo Award & 1944 Retro Hugo Award Finalists, The Hugo Awards. Published April 2, 2019 (Accessed April 2, 2019).
== Controversies ==
===1974: Star Trek===
1974: Two Star Trek fans were nominated for Best Fan Writer. According to Bev C in Interstat #42, this event prompted accusations of block voting, and may have been the direct inspiration for the founding of the Faan Awards:
===1987: Scientologists and L. Ron Hubbard===
Scientologists nominate L. Ron Hubbard (see Conspiracy 87)
===2015: Puppygate===
 
===2019: Archive Of Our Own===
In August 2019, the Archive Of Our Own was awarded The Hugo Award for Best Related Work. It was the first time a fanfic archive or the Organization for Transformative Works (the nonprofit that runs the AO3) had ever won a Hugo, the most prestigious award in Science Fiction Fandom. To date, no fanfiction has ever won a Hugo, despite the existence of a Fan Writer category. Historically, fanfiction has had a poor reputation in SF fandom as well as in mainstream society.
Many AO3 users had joked about being Hugo Award nominees/winners, leading some to explain that the award was for the site itself and not for the fanworks on the site. Some people questioned whether an entire project could be eligible for a Hugo Award, resulting in the WSFS stating that AO3 was eligible for the award based on “aspects other than the fictional text.”2019 Hugo Results
On September 13, the OTW posted , stating that the World Science Fiction Society (who give the awards) had asked them to publicly clarify "that the Hugo was awarded to the AO3, and not to any particular work(s) hosted on it".
Discussion ensued in comments to the post as well as on File 770 and elsewhere over why the WSFS had needed to clarify the joke and whether or not SF fandom was still anti-fanfic.
===2023: Chengdu Worldcon===
Whereas the Hugo Award nomination statistics are usually released shortly after the award ceremony, in 2023 the Hugo administrators took the full 90 days allotted by the WSFS constitution and only released them in January 2024. Immediately after release, questions were raised about various irregularities with the statistics, as well as why several works (including an episode of the Netflix adaptation of The Sandman) had been ruled ineligible without explanation. Speculation about the reasons for the time taken to release the data, the errors, and the unexplained disqualifications ranged from incompetence to pressure from the Chinese government.Cora Buhlert, "The 2023 Hugo Nomination Statistics Have Finally Been Released and We Have Questions"File770, "2023 Hugo Nomination Report Has Unexplained Ineligibility Rulings; Also Reveals Who Declined"The Guardian, Science fiction awards held in China under fire for excluding authors See the Chengdu Worldcon page for further details.
==A Sample Ballot==
From T-Negative #19, a 1973 sample ballot.
Image:hugoballot1.jpg|side one
Image:hugoballot2.jpg|side two
==Gallery==
Image:1955.jpg|1955
Image:1965.jpg| 1965
Image:1975.jpg|1975
Image:1984.jpg| 1984
Image:1995.jpg|1995
Image:2004.jpg|2004
==Meta/Further Reading==
* by Natalie Luhrs (August 2020)
==References==
Category:Science Fiction Awards
Category:1953 Awards
Category:1950s Awards
Category:1960s Awards
Category:1970s Awards
Category:1980s Awards
Category:1990s Awards
Category:2000s Awards
Category:2010s Awards
Category:2020s Awards