Effect

An effect is a helpful or harmful condition that affects an entity. Effects can be inflicted in various ways throughout the game, including consuming potions and some food items, being in the range of beacons and conduits, and being attacked by or close to certain mobs. There are otherwise special conditions that inflicts effects, such as killing a raid captain which would give the Bad Omen effect.
The command allows players to inflict effects upon themselves and other entities.
== Behavior ==
Any entities inflicted by an effect are affected in various ways for an amount of time. During the effect, spiral-shaped particles emanate from the position of the inflicted entity. For most effects, higher levels increase the strength of the effect.
In , players can open their inventory to see any current effects afflicted upon them, as well as the levels and duration of each. In , effects are displayed in a separate screen, which can be opened by pressing on a keyboard, pressing // on a controller, or tapping the effect icon when using touch controls.
Internally, in the command, and in potion Amplifier NBT tags, the game stores an "amplifier" value, which is one less than the displayed level. For example, Strength II has an amplifier value of 1.
Due to the way this amplifier is stored in NBT, amplifiers of 128 to 255 (levels 129 to 256) in NBT tags (e.g. on potions) are treated as if they were −128 to −1 (levels −127 to 0) respectively. The command initially applies such amplifiers in their positive-valued sense but this is later converted to the negative-valued interpretation, leading to inconsistent results. In , amplifiers above 127 translate to positive levels, like other amplifiers.
Any number of different effects, including opposing effects such as Strength and Weakness, can be simultaneously active on a player. However, it is not possible to apply the same effect multiple times, even if they are of different levels (e.g. Strength and Strength II). When applying an effect already active on the player, higher levels overwrite lower levels, and higher durations overwrite lower durations of the same level. 
In , when the stronger effect overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect remains, but is hidden. It returns after the stronger effect expires, if the weaker effect has a higher duration than the stronger effect. This change makes it impossible to create custom potion antidotes by applying an amplified effect with a one tick duration.
In , when a stronger effect overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect is deleted and does not return.
In , players can use /effect give <targets> <effect> infinite to make effect last infinitely.
When drinking from milk bucket, dying, being saved from death by a totem of undying, or traveling through the exit portal in the End, all status effects are removed. Single-player users with cheats enabled and operators in multiplayer servers can use or to achieve the same goal. In , the command can be further specified to only remove one effect as such; .
Damage dealt by effects (a kind of "magical damage") completely bypasses armor, making it a good way to deal with highly-armored targets (Protection enchantments reduce damage taken from effects, however). Witches are the only mob to have natural protection against effects, taking 85% less or 95% less damage from effects.
== Immunity ==
Effects can only be applied to living entities. Of these, certain entities are immune to some or all effects:
* The ender dragon and the wither are immune to all effects.
* Undead mobs are immune to regeneration and poison.
* Spiders and cave spiders are immune to poison.
* Wither skeletons are immune to the wither effect in addition to being immune to regeneration and poison.
== Effect list ==
, positive effects have blue text in potion information and are displayed on the upper row of effects in the heads up display, while negative effects have red potion text and are displayed in the bottom row. Neutral effects have the blue potion text and are listed with the negative effects in the bottom row in the heads up display. , negative effect names in potion and tipped arrow tooltips are shown in red; positive and neutral effect names in these contexts, and all effect names in the "Mob effects" screen, are shown in white.
Icon	Display name 	Name	Effect 	Type 	ID (J.E.)	ID (B.E.)
 	Speed 	 	Increases walking speed; higher levels make the affected entity faster and increases the player's field of view when affected 	Positive	1 	1
 	Slowness 	 	Decreases walking speed; higher levels make the affected entity slower and decreases the player's field of view when affected 	Negative	2 	2
 	Haste 	 	Increases mining and attack speed, higher levels increase the player's mining and attack speed 	Positive	3 	3
 	Mining Fatigue 	 	Decreases mining and attack speed, higher levels decrease the player's mining and attack speed 	Negative	4 	4
 	Strength 	 	Increases melee damage, higher levels make the affected entity do more melee damage 	Positive	5 	5
 	Instant Health 	 	Heals living entities, damages undead, higher levels heal more health and do more damage 	Positive	6 	6
 	Instant Damage 	 	Damages living entities, heals undead, higher levels do more damage and heal more health 	Negative	7 	7
 	Jump Boost 	 	Increases jump height and reduces fall damage, higher levels make the affected entity jump higher and reduces more fall damage 	Positive	8 	8
 	Nausea 	 	Wobbles and warps the screen 	Negative	9 	9
 	Regeneration 	 	Regenerates health over time, higher levels make health regenerate quicker 	Positive	10 	10
 	Resistance 	 	Reduces damage, higher levels reduce more damage 	Positive	11 	11
 	Fire Resistance 	 	Prevents the affected entity from taking damage due to Fire, lava and other sources of fire damage 	Positive	12 	12
 	Water Breathing 	 	Prevents drowning and lets the affected entity breathe underwater 	Positive	13 	13
 	Invisibility 	 	Grants invisibility, making the affected entity invisible (but not the item they hold or the armor they wear), and reduces other mobs' detection range for the affected entity, higher levels reduce other mobs' detection range more	Positive	14 	14
 	Blindness 	 	Impairs vision and disables the ability to sprint and critical hit 	Negative	15 	15
 	Night Vision 	 	Lets the player see well in darkness and underwater 	Positive	16 	16
 	Hunger 	 	Increases food exhaustion, higher levels cause the player to starve quicker 	Negative	17 	17
 	Weakness 	 	Decreases melee damage, higher levels decrease more melee damage 	Negative	18 	18
 	Poison 	 	Inflicts damage over time (but can't kill), higher levels do more damage per second, doesn't affect undead 	Negative	19 	19
 	Wither 	 	Inflicts damage over time (can kill), higher levels do more damage per second 	Negative	20 	20
 	Health Boost 	 	Increases maximum health, higher levels give the affected entity more maximum health 	Positive	21 	21
 	Absorption 	 	Adds damage absorption (additional hearts that can't be regenerated), higher levels give more absorption 	Positive	22 	22
 	Saturation 	 	Restores hunger and saturation 	Positive	23 	23
 	Glowing 	 	Outlines the affected entity (can be seen through blocks) 	Neutral 	24 	N/A
 	Levitation 	 	Floats the affected entity upward 	Negative	25 	24
 	Luck 	 	Can increase chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels increase the chances of better loot 	Positive	26 	N/A
 	Bad Luck 	 	Can reduce chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels reduce the chance of good loot 	Negative	27 	N/A
 	Fatal Poison 	 	Inflicts damage over time and potentially kills 	Negative	N/A 	25
 	Slow Falling 	 	Decreases falling speed and negates fall damage 	Positive	28 	27
 	Conduit Power 	 	Increases underwater visibility and mining speed, prevents drowning 	Positive	29 	26
 	Dolphin's Grace 	 	Increases swimming speed (only obtainable from dolphins) 	Positive	30 	N/A
 	Bad Omen 	 	Either turns into Raid Omen if the player is near a village, or Trial Omen if a player is near a trial spawner 	Neutral 	31 	28
 	Hero of the Village	 	Gives discounts on trades with villagers, and makes villagers throw items at the player depending on their profession 	Positive	32 	29
 	Darkness 	 	Darkens the players screen 	Negative	33 	30
 	Infested 	 	Has a chance of spawning silverfish when a mob takes damage 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
 	Oozing 	 	Spawns slimes after a mob dies 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
 	Weaving 	 	Spawns cobwebs when a mob dies, and allow to walk through cobwebs more quickly 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
 	Wind Charged 	 	Spawns a wind charge explosion after a mob dies 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
 	Raid Omen 	 	Causes an illager raid to start upon entering a village (only received from an illager captain upon its death), higher levels cause a more difficult raid 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
 	Trial Omen 	 	Turns all trial spawners into ominous trial spawners 	Negative	N/A 	N/A
=== Joke effects ===
====Java Edition 15w14a====
These effects only exist in 15w14a.
Icon	Display name	Name	Effect 	Type 	ID (J.E.)
 	Caring 	 	Changes the mob AI to move toward the nearest mob as if it were to attack it 	Negative	2
 	Caring 	 	Changes the mob AI to move toward the nearest mob as if it were to attack it 	Negative	19
 	Sharing 	 	Drops items in a random amount of time, ranging from food to rare items like saddles or diamonds	Negative	18
====Java Edition 23w13a_or_b====
These effects only exist in 23w13a_or_b.
Icon	Display name	Name	Effect 	Type 	ID (J.E.)
 	Big 	 	Makes entities bigger 	Neutral	34
 	Small 	 	Makes entities smaller	Neutral	35
====Java Edition 24w14potato====
== Achievements ==
== Advancements==
== History ==
=== Effect additions===
=== Other changes ===
=== April Fools effects ===
== Issues ==
== Trivia ==
* When having multiple effects, the effects' timers are reduced by 1 second each simultaneously, regardless of when the player took each potion. This is because they use the same "seconds counter" that "ticks" every 20 game ticks to save memory. For example, if the player drinks one potion and another different potion that doesn't reset the timer 5.5 (or any non-integer amounts) seconds later, both effects' timers subtract 1 second from both of them simultaneously.
* When a creeper has an effect and explodes, it leaves an area effect cloud for each effect that it had before it died.
* Using a potion of Leaping II, a potion of Slow Falling, and a potion of Swiftness II, the player can jump a 9 block gap.
== Gallery ==
AppleEffect.jpg|Regeneration after eating a golden apple before the official update.
GoldenApple13w23b.png|Health Boost and Regeneration II after eating a golden apple in 13w23b.
Inventory Weakness.png|Weakness after drinking a Potion of Weakness.
Hearts.png|The maximum amount of health using Health Boost and Absorption.
Dragon Death.png|The End as seen when a player has night vision.
Eat Pufferfish.png|What things look like when a player has eaten a pufferfish and receives nausea.
Status Effect.jpg|The Hunger effect.
Glowing effect.png|The Glowing effect, added to all entities by command.
Invisible Phantom.png|A phantom with invisibility.
All the status effects....png|Image showing when the player receives all effects.
EffectCompact.png|An effect visible in a compact form in the inventory.
OK2tE.png|Several effects applied to a player.
Pocket Edition Poison.png|Poison in pocket edition alpha.
Pocket Edition Jump Boost.png|Jump boost in pocket edition alpha.
Effects Classic.jpg|Classic effects option.
Effects Compact.png|Compact effects option.
== See also == 
* Fire - gives a damaging condition similar to an effect
* Powder Snow - gives a damaging and speed-decreasing condition similar to an effect
== Notes==
== References ==
== External links ==
* Minecraft Forum: All About Potions And Brewing - 1.9 Reference Guide
* Minecraft Potions - A Visual Guide
 
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