Denosumab (Xgeva)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANK ligand (RANKL). RANKL promotes the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption.Denosumab (Xgeva) package insert Denosumab (Xgeva) package insert (locally hosted backup)Xgeva manufacturer's websiteProlia manufacturer's website
Route: IV
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Disease-specific information==
For now this will be a gathering point for RCTs examining the use of this agent, which does not have clear antineoplastic properties with the exception of giant cell tumor of bone; in the future this information may be moved to separate page(s).
*Amgen 20050244: Henry DH, Costa L, Goldwasser F, Hirsh V, Hungria V, Prausova J, Scagliotti GV, Sleeboom H, Spencer A, Vadhan-Raj S, von Moos R, Willenbacher W, Woll PJ, Wang J, Jiang Q, Jun S, Dansey R, Yeh H. Randomized, double-blind study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancer (excluding breast and prostate cancer) or multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Mar 20;29(9):1125-32. Epub 2011 Feb 22. link to original article EuroPMC NCT00330759
===Breast cancer===
*Amgen 20050136: Stopeck AT, Lipton A, Body JJ, Steger GG, Tonkin K, de Boer RH, Lichinitser M, Fujiwara Y, Yardley DA, Viniegra M, Fan M, Jiang Q, Dansey R, Jun S, Braun A. Denosumab compared with zoledronic acid for the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Dec 10;28(35):5132-9. Epub 2010 Nov 8. link to original article EuroPMC NCT00321464
===Multiple myeloma===
*Amgen 20090482: Raje N, Terpos E, Willenbacher W, Shimizu K, García-Sanz R, Durie B, Legieć W, Krejčí M, Laribi K, Zhu L, Cheng P, Warner D, Roodman GD. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone disease treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an international, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Mar;19(3):370-381. Epub 2018 Feb 9. link to original article EuroPMC NCT01345019
===Prostate cancer===
*Amgen 20050103: Fizazi K, Carducci M, Smith M, Damião R, Brown J, Karsh L, Milecki P, Shore N, Rader M, Wang H, Jiang Q, Tadros S, Dansey R, Goessl C. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet. 2011 Mar 5;377(9768):813-22. Epub 2011 Feb 25. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT00321620
*Amgen 20050147: Smith MR, Saad F, Coleman R, Shore N, Fizazi K, Tombal B, Miller K, Sieber P, Karsh L, Damião R, Tammela TL, Egerdie B, Van Poppel H, Chin J, Morote J, Gómez-Veiga F, Borkowski T, Ye Z, Kupic A, Dansey R, Goessl C. Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Jan 7;379(9810):39-46. Epub 2011 Nov 15. link to original article link to PMC article EuroPMC NCT00286091
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Giant-cell tumor of bone
==Patient drug information==
*Denosumab (Xgeva) patient drug information (Chemocare)Denosumab (Xgeva) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Brief patient counseling information can be found on page 15 of the Denosumab (Xgeva) package insert
*Denosumab (Xgeva) patient drug information (UpToDate)Denosumab (Xgeva) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2010-06-01: Approved (as Prolia) for treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture.Denosumab (Prolia) package insert
*2010-11-18: Approved for prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors.
*2013-06-13: Approved for treatment of adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. (Based on Amgen 20040215 & Amgen 20062004)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2010-05-26: Initial authorization as Prolia
*2011-07-13: Initial authorization as Xgeva
==History of changes in Health Canada indication==
*2011-05-10: Initial notice of compliance
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2012-01-18: Initial approval for the treatment of bone lesions due to multiple myeloma and bone lesions due to bone metastasis of solid tumor.
*2014-05-23: New additional indication and a new dosage for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Debrumab, Denaxa, Denbri, Deninta, Denoci, Denoclast, Denomab, Denosta, DenosuRel, Denub, Denu, Esentra, Olimab, Odensomab, Prolia, Ranmark, Xgeva
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-RANKL antibodies
Category:RANK ligand inhibitors
Category:Giant-cell tumor of bone medications
Category:EMA approved in 2010
Category:FDA approved in 2010
Category:Health Canada approved in 2011
Category:PMDA approved in 2012