nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Shamanism

Shamanism is an umbrella term, most commonly used to denote religious practices in which a person (i.e., a shaman) acts as an intermediary between the physical and supernatural realm. The word "shaman" itself originated with the Evenks of Siberia, although there is some dispute as to whether it got to the English language from Russians who reported on Evenks or from the Evenk-related Manchu language. Due to this fact, some anthropologists argue that the idea of shamanism is artificially constructed and its application outside of the Siberian context is misleading.
Alice Beck Kehoe. (2000) Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking. London: Waveland Press.
 Nevertheless, anthropologists have attempted to define some of the characteristics of shamanism. These common features may include:
*a supposed ability to interact with spirits or other supernatural entities
*the use of altered states of consciousness in the performance of rituals
*powers of healing or divination
Depending on how one defines it, shamanism has likely existed since the Paleolithic period. Cave paintings and other markings provide evidence that shamans may have used certain locations to enter altered states of consciousness and to perform rituals. As hunter-gatherer societies became more complex during the Upper Paleolithic, this may have enabled the formation of roles for part-time religious specialists such as shamans.J. David Lewis-Williams. (2002) London: Thames and Hudson.
As of 2023, shamanism is the fastest-growing religion in Britain - growing fast from a small base.
==See also==
*Animism
*Neoshamanism and plastic shamans, for the New Age appropriation
==External links==
*Shamanism
==References==
Category:Anthropology
Category:Folklore
category:Woo
Category:Paradigms of religion
Shark cartilage

Shark cartilage is promoted as a quack medical treatment for cancer and arthritis. No scientific studies support these uses or justify killing for profit.
Neovastat is an investigational drug derived from shark cartilage which is currently being studied as a cancer treatment. It should not be confused with over the counter shark cartilage products, which contain mostly filler, vary widely in the amount of cartilage they contain, and are completely ineffective. Double-blind studies which have been conducted using regular shark cartilage have shown no effectiveness at all.
Scientific interest in shark cartilage came about because of the presence of a protein in the cartilage which was researched for its possible use in preventing angiogenesis, which is the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones, which in turn could hinder the growth of cancerous tumors. The results of these studies were inconclusive, and the effects are still being investigated. Alternative health writers seized on the fact that these early studies took place to promote shark cartilage, and also bovine cartilage, as cures for cancer. Most notably, the 1992 book Sharks Don't Get Cancer by William Lane was a bestseller. Even the title of the book is wrong — sharks do get cancer.Sharks Do Get Cancer: Tumor Found in Great White by Douglas Main, Staff Writer (December 03, 2013 05:15pm ET) Live Science.Shark cartilage: has the popularisation of science failed? Constantine Alifrangis & Justin Stebbing (Volume 13, No. 1, p22, January 2012) The Lancet DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70425-9. Shark cartilage has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, which means that it causes inflammation.Pro-inflammatory properties of shark cartilage supplement by L. Merly & S.L. Smith Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2015 Apr;37(2):140-7. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2014.999160. Epub 2015 Jan 20. And chronic inflammation is known to cause cancer.Chronic Inflammation and Cancer by Emily Shacter & Sigmund A. Weitzman (January 31, 2002) Oncology
Even if the protein in question does have some value, taking shark cartilage pills, or shark cartilage via an enema as promoted by William Lane, cannot deliver it where it is needed in the body in the first place, as it cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream. Buying shark cartilage is flushing your money down the toilet.
As with almost anything produced from sharks, the cartilage (if not purified to the point of denaturation) also contains elevated amounts of squalene, one of the Secret Toxic Ingredients de rigueur as of the early 2010s (see vaccine hysteria). At least before the squalene fear epidemic, shark cartilage populations with extra squalene added were quite popular in the nostrum market.
In addition, several species of sharks are endangered or threatened species, such as the (which is easy to harvest since they are docile and slow-moving), and widespread demand for shark cartilage as a purported medical cure can increase overfishing of these species.
==External links==
* Sloan-Kettering fact sheet on shark cartilage
==References==
==Notes==
Category:Cancer woo
Shaun

Shaun He states that in 2050 he'll be 62 years old https://twitter.com/shaun_vids/status/1669702589707845633 birthday on 16 June. 2050 minus 62 is 1988., initially Shaun and Jen (S&J), is a leftist YouTuber that debunks conspiracy theories and other lies promoted by far-right/alt-right media and YouTubers.
==Origins==
The channel was originally a let's play channel run by two old school friends, Shaun and Jen.Old S&J Let's Play videos Shaun began making videos about other YouTubers (such as LeafyIsHere Leafy Video and CinemaSinsCinema Sins Playlist) in 2016, and soon after began making videos refuting the arguments of popular right-wing, alt-rightStefan Molyneux's Fall of Rome - A Response and anti-SJW YouTubers.Sargon of Akkad Can't Read The videos became increasingly popular as a new wave of leftist YouTubers (such as ContraPoints and Hbomberguy) began to gain traction on YouTube through their critiques of right-wing politics. Jen doesn't participate in these videos beyond occasionally drawing the thumbnail art, and eventually left for Twitch. By September 2017, the title of the Shaun and Jen Youtube channel was changed to simply "Shaun" (pending a new name), and Shaun's twitter handle and Twitch Channel also no longer have Jen in the title. The symbol of the channel is a human skull wearing sunglasses, allegedly in order to "reclaim the skull" from the alt-right. 
==Sample videos==
* : A response to shitty Islam-baiting/Arab-baiting fake news distributed by Breitbart, Rebel Media, Sargon of Akkad, Black Pigeon Speaks, TL;DR, Vee, Secular Talk, and Christopher Cantwell. 
* : A response to a "migrant crime reporting map". As an example, S&J shows that almost all of the "arson" cases are tipped toasters.
* : A response to Sargon of Akkad's claim that feminism and autism are related.
* : A response to Black Pigeon Speaks' claim that, well, women destroy civilizations.
* : A response to Stefan Molyneux's shitty sources and corresponding shitty ideas about the fall of Rome.
* : A response to Thunderf00t's obsession with interest in Anita Sarkeesian.
* : A response to the "Ghostbusters is feminist propaganda" meme.
* : A response to the "Star Wars is anti-white propaganda" meme.
* : A response to James Allsup's (a Charlottesville protestor) claims about the alt-right and showing the neo-Nazi, racist, and anti-Semitic elements the movement has.
* :A response to PragerU's videos on feminism, economics, etc.
* : A response to CGP Grey's arguments against the abolition of the British monarchy.
* : A response to transphobia in the UK, specifically in the British press.
* : A takedown of anti-SJW YouTuber TL;DR's embarrassingly weak pedantic arguments against Anita Sarkeesian.
==Typical video==
==See also==
*ContraPoints
*Steve Shives
*Hbomberguy, Shaun's friend
*Philosophy Tube
==External links==
===Social media links===
* Main YouTube channel
* Jen's channel (also has old stream uploads)
* Shaun's Twitter
* Shaun's Twitch
* Patreon
==References==
Category:Feminists
Category:Left-wing activists
Category:Living people
Category:Skeptics
Category:Socialists
Category:Video games
Sheila Jeffreys

Sheila Jeffreys is an English lesbian radical feminist (more specifically, TERF) activist and former academic. She is well-known for her virulent transphobia, namely her belief that being transgender is a "human rights violation."
== Transphobia ==
She believes that transgender people are part of a government plot to oppress women, with similarities to the actions of Iranian mullahs:
At the same conference, she expressed support for ultra-conservative British politician Norman Tebbit's views on the Gender Recognition Act (which gave transgender people legal recognition under British law):
The contradictions don't stop there:
== Biphobia ==
In Bisexual politics: A superior form of feminism?, Jeffreys falls back on the stereotype that bisexuals are incapable of forming long-lasting, loving relationships. She presents a biphobic manifesto meant to incriminate the entire bisexual movement as antifeminist and male-identified, describing bisexuality as "a way not to identify as lesbian or gay." Worth noting that the boundary between bisexuality and lesbianism is not always so clear-cut. This is because the "loss of privilege involved in identifying as lesbian [is] significant and likely to encourage women to […] avoid such a definition."Sheila Jeffreys, Bisexual politics: A superior form of feminism? Women's Studies International Forum, 22(3), 273-285. She essentially accuses bisexuals of wanting to lead heteronormative lives while enjoying the side benefits of queer sex or communities. She thinks bisexuals (along with trans and queer-identified people) are a political danger to lesbians.
==Views on bodily autonomy==
Jeffreys' 2005 book Beauty and Misogyny makes her seem militant and puritan. She sees all non-radfem women as mindless drones who passively accept a male-dominated culture. Why do they shave their legs? Why do they wear makeup or wear skirts or carry a purse? Well, because the male-dominated society makes them do it. She ascribes every activity a woman does—from putting on lipstick to wearing high heels—to the male-dominated culture that makes women do all these things purely for male sexual gratification, whether they realize it or not. Piercing your ears, navel, or getting a tattoo are forms of self-mutilation encouraged by the male-dominated beauty industry to make money and get women to look the way men want women to look.Sheila Jeffreys, 'Body Art' and Social Status: Cutting, Tattooing and Piercing from a Feminist Perspective. Feminism & Psychology, Vol. 10(4):409–429. Jeffreys thinks women who have piercings or tattoos are being forced to have them by the male piercer/tattooist, in the same way as she thinks trans people only have surgery because they're forced to by the government. She doesn't try to substantiate the claims of anyone being forced to change their bodies with any concrete evidence.
==See also==
*Janice Raymond
*Germaine Greer
*Radical feminism
*Cathy Brennan
==External links==
*Official site
==Notes==
==References==
Category:British people
Category:LGBTQ people
Category:Living people
Category:Internalized discrimination
Category:Sexism
Category:SWERFs
Category:TERFs
Shibboleth

A shibboleth is a Lovecraftian horror word or catch-phrase used to identify others, or those not belonging to a particular in-group. In contemporary usage, the word has acquired an extended meaning which is often cited first (and sometimes even exclusively) in shorter dictionaries, namely, an old belief or saying which is cited repetitively or unreflectively but which is, or may be, fallacious or untrue.Concise Oxford Dictionary, 8th ed, (Oxford University Press, 1990), 1117.Merriam-Webster Dictionary, shibboleth, accessed online 22 September 2015, .Collins English Dictionary, shibboleth, accessed online 22 September 2015, .Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, shibboleth, accessed online 22 September 2015, .
==Etymology==
 and tell how the fighters of Gilead used the pronunciation of the Hebrew word shibbólet (שִׁבֹּלֶת) to identify Ephraimite refugees or infiltrators, since the people of Ephraim's way of saying the word was easily identifiable as "sounding funny."
==Real life examples==
Shibboleths have been used in real life to differentiate groups. This is sometimes used to expose spies in times of war, but often it is also used to justify persecution and even massacres.
* In 1937, Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo killed around 15,000-20,000 Haitians in the The common misconception is that Trujillo's soldiers demanded the Blacks living at the border of Haiti and the Dominican Republic to pronounce the word "perejil", Spanish for parsley. French-speaking Haitians who pronounced the word incorrectly were killed.
* In the 1975 civil war in Lebanon, Lebanese Christian militias targeted Palestinians by demanding that they pronounce the Arabic word for tomato, which is different between Lebanese Arabic and Palestinian Arabic. Those who pronounced it in the Palestinian way were shot on the spot.
* During the that triggered the Sri Lankan Civil War, Sinhalese mobs attacked public transport and demanded the passengers pronounce several words in Sinhala. Those who pronounced them in the Tamil way were dragged away and killed.
* Islamic terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda often demand their captives recite the or identify the name of the Prophet Muhammad's relatives. Those who fail are often assaulted or even killed.
==See also==
* Linguistic discrimination
* Dog whistle
* 
==External links==
*Shibboleth, Reginald Pikedevant (a humorous song)
==References==
Category:Language-related stubs
Category:Bible
Shiitake mushroom

ShiitakePronounced "Shee-tah-keh" rather than "Shit-ache". mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are common in oriental cuisine and popular among gourmet food aficionados, and they make a pretty tasty soup. They are easily found at your local supermarket or from a quality grocer. Shiitake mushrooms are also one of a few known natural dietary sources of vegan vitamin D. (While your body can make vitamin D when exposed to sun, taking supplements is recommended in winter in less sunny climes, and for people who seldom expose flesh to sunlight; it's hard even for omnivores to get enough vitamin D solely from their diet.Vitamin D, Vegan Society, accessed Sep 5, 2019Vitamin D, NHS (UK), 3 March 2017)
Shiitake mushrooms have some chemical compounds, such as itchtyol, worth researching for benefits ranging from anti-viral properties to possible treatments for severe allergies, as well as arthritis. Lenthionine, a key flavour compound of shiitake, inhibits platelet aggregation, so it is a promising treatment for thrombosis.
Compounds in shiitake mushrooms also demonstrate anti-tumor properties in laboratory mice. Studies have identified the polysaccharide lentinan, a (1-3)-β-D-glucan, as the active compound responsible for the anti-tumor effects.Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by an ethyl acetate fraction from shiitake mushrooms. The mushrooms are, consequently, touted by some quacks and alternative health gurus as being a cure for cancer,Shiitake Mushroom Cancer Treatment by Henry Pitot (Feb 18, 2015) Livestrong.com (archived from March 4, 2015). with some citing the aforementioned study to bolster their claims.
Eating raw or undercooked shiitakes can cause a skin reaction, called shiitake mushroom dermatitis, which usually goes away after you stop eating them, and has no long-term effects.Don’t miss shiitake dermatitis: a case report, Sanja Karanovic, Susannah George and Emma Topham, British Journal of General Practice 2014; 64(625):426-427. doi:10.3399/bjgp14X681193 They may accumulate toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, although they also accumulate nice metals with useful biological functions; hopefully, those available for sale will have been tested for toxins.Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Specialty Mushrooms, William M Breene, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 53, No. 10, Pages 883-894 (October 1990)
==See also==
*Fungus
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Consumer issues
Category:Cancer woo
Category:Food
Category:Fungi
Shirdi Sai Baba

Shirdi Sai Baba (birthplace and date unknown, died 1918) was a beggar and Muslim/Hindu mystic who lived in a mosque in the village of in what is now the state of India. He remains popular among some Muslims and Hindus.
His devotees consider him to be many things including a great saint, faqir, sadhguru (true guru) or even an incarnation of the Hindu god He stressed total devotion to the guru (i.e. himself) and could be violent and abusive at times. His devotees interpreted this behaviour as benevolent acts intended to transform them spiritually.Bowen, David (1988) The Sathya Sai Baba Community in Bradford: Its origins and development, religious beliefs and practices. Leeds: University Press. pagina 135"That Shirdi Sai Baba was eccentric is well-attested, for it seems that he was sometimes of uncouth and violent behaviour." 
Shirdi Sai Baba did not speak much and gave no sermons. He stressed the importance of the guru, repeating the name of God, and surrendering to him. Many miracles have been attributed to him by those who want to believe in such things. The first miracle attributed to him during his life was changing water into lamp oil to keep the lamps in the mosque burning. He did not deny having performed a miracle. 
==Other gurus== 
Another Indian Hindu guru Sathya Sai Baba has jumped on the bandwagon and claimed to be a reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba, but apart from a similar focus on miracles, there is not much similarity between the two.
==External links==
*Ask me anything!
*Blog post about dubious miracles attributed to Shirdi Sai Baba
==References==
Category:Cult leaders
Category:Hinduism
Category:Islam
Category:Saints
Category:Hindus
Category:Muslims
Category:Indians
Category:Religious leaders
Shirley MacLaine

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thumb|right|165px|We're all figments of her imagination.
Shirley MacLaine is an American author and Academy Award-winning actress who became a New Age woo-meistress in the 1980s. Her books Out On a Limb (1983) and Dancing in the Light (1986) helped popularize New Age beliefs, from reincarnation to channelling. Some of her subsequent acting roles have been based on her status as a New Age guru. 
==New age beliefs==
MacLaine promotes a lot of various new age beliefs in her books. These are a few notable examples:
===Reincarnation===
MacLaine claims that she has lived several past lives in many countries, including one in Atlantis where she was the brother of the spirit Ramtha.Shirley MacLaine: I can remember a past life in Atlantis | TODAYParanormal claims: A critical analysis p. 2 She holds the view that karma is influential when it comes to reincarnation, something common in Hinduism, which many New age beliefs steal borrow ideas from. She took it to extreme levels, however, when she said that the Jews may have done something horrible for the Holocaust to occur, Stephen Hawking subconsciously wanted ALS and other horrible victim-blaming in her book What If…: A Lifetime of Questions, Speculations, Reasonable Guesses, and a Few Things I Know For Sure.Shirley MacLaine Suggests The Holocaust Was A Form Of Karma
===Alternative medicine===
Aside from promoting metaphysics, she has also promoted alternative medicine in various books, such as Sage-ing while age-ing. In the same book, she also supports transcendental meditation.Sage-ing while age-ing. 
===UFOs===
MacLaine has written about UFOs witnessesSage-ing while age-ing, UFOs and she believes that they want to save our planet as it disturbs the rest of the universe, or some other bollocks that is unsupported by science.Shirley MacLaine: Extraterrestials and JFK
==Quotes==
"I think Cher was right. You are an asshole!" - Shirley MacLaine to David Letterman, after Letterman poked a little too much fun at her New Aginess.
==External links==
*Official website
*Shirley MacLaine on IMDb
*Encyclopedia of American Loons: #902: Shirley MacLaine
==References==
Category:Living people
Category:Actors
Category:Authors
Category:New Age
Category:Living people
Category:Ufology
Shoe

*Walid Shoebat — an Islamophobe
*Theodore Shoebat — son of Walid, an extremist homophobic, misogynist, islamophobe
*Shoe0nHead — an antifeminist vlogger
*Shoehorning — using evidence or events to support an idea if the data do not support its conclusion
*Spring Heeled Jack — an urban legend regarding a villain who used spring-loaded boot heels to leap great distances
*Vermin Supreme — the boot-headed perennial candidate
Shoko Asahara

, born , was the founder of Aum Shinrikyo and the mastermind behind the Sarin gas attack on a Tokyo subway in 1995. Asahara was ultimately executed for his crimes.
==Early life==
Asahara was born to a family of tatami mat makers in Kumamoto Prefecture. He was a victim of infantile glaucoma, which resulted in vision impairment. As a consequence, Asahara was sent to a school for the blind where he was reported as using his impaired vision to bully children who were worse off.
In 1977, Asahara graduated with a diploma in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine. These are traditional professions for the blind in Japan. 
Asahara married in 1978 and had a daughter.
After graduating, Asahara applied at Tokyo University where he was declined entry. He went on to practice Chinese medicine.
==Religion==
Asahara studied New Age philosophy and began mixing ideas from different beliefs. This is what led to Aum Shinrikyo. After returning from India in 1987, Asahara preached to his followers that he had obtained enlightenment. Later that year he had his name legally changed.
Asahara's "religion" targeted the rich as well as intellectuals. He preached that the world would be enveloped by wars, and only he could lead the way to salvation. Asahara preached over the radio and even sold his blood and bath water for his followers to drink. Aum Shinrikyo had around 10,000 followers in the mid-1990s.BBC News: Shoko Asahara February 27, 2004
==Crimes==
Asahara masterminded sarin gas attacks in JapanSarin gas attack mastermind sentenced to deathJapan denies plea by sarin gas mastermind as well as the Sakamoto family murder, where his followers killed an anti-Aum Shinrikyo lawyer and his family. 
In May 1995, Asahara was arrested on 27 murder counts and 17 charges on the actions of his followers. In 2004, he was sentenced to death by hanging. In 2006, the courts threw out his final appeal.
==Post conviction==
Some of his more devout followers still saw him as divine, resulting in a split in Aum Shinrikyo, now known as "Aleph".Cult Education and Recovery: Shoko Asahara and the Aum Gas Attack In his final years in prison, reports stated that Asahara was confined to a wheelchair and unable to respond to anyone in an intelligent manner.
Asahara was finally put to death on the morning of July 6, 2018.Sources:Former Aum Shinrikyo leader executed
==External links==
*Shoko Asahara: The Making of a Messiah Part 1
*Shoko Asahara: The Making of a Messiah Part 2
==References==
Category:Antisemites
Category:Cult leaders
Category:Conspiracy theorists
Category:Convicted felons
Category:Crank magnetism
Category:End of the world
Category:Messianic claimants
Category:New Age
Category:Racists
Category:Terrorists
Category:We're on a mission from God