nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Music wire

== Description ==
A top grade of uniform steel wire used for musical instruments. Music wire has a high tensile strength and is tough enough to bend in half without breaking. The wire is marketed in gage sizes based its diameter. Music wire is also used for the production of springs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
piano wire; supertensile steel wire; corde à piano (Fr.); Klavierdraht (Deut.)
Category:Materials database
Musk ox

== Description ==
Large, stocky goats (Ovibos moschatus) that are native to northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland. Musk oxen have long, thick, shaggy coats over a thick wool undercoat. They shed the undercoat in the spring and it is collected to produce a fine soft yarn, similar to cashmere or guanaco. Much of the native clothing produced by the Eskimos is made from musk fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
qiviut; musk oxen; buey almizclero (Esp.); muskusos (Ned);
== Additional Images ==
File:Musk_ox_proc.jpg|Processed fibers from the Musk Ox Ovibos moshhatus
File:Musk_ox_raw.jpg|Raw fibers from the Musk Ox Ovibos moshhatus
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 588
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "Musk-ox." Accessed 17 Jan. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Muskrat

== Description ==
A large aquatic rodent (Ondata zibethicus) native to North America, but introduced to Eurasia in the 1900s. Muskrats have thick gold-, black- or brown-color fur with lighter colors on its belly. The short, soft underfur is heavily overlaid with long, stiff, dark guard hairs. Muskrat furs were popular for coats in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Muskrat furs are sometimes sheared and dyed to resemble seal fur.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Ondatra zibethicus; musquash; marsh rabbit; river mink; Hudson seal (sheared and dyed fur); Bisamratte (Deut.); Bisam (Deut.); rat musqué (Fr.); muskusrat (Ned.); bisamrotte (Nor.); pi¿mak (Pol.);
== Additional Images ==
File:muskratlarge.jpg|Muskrat
File:muskrat1large.jpg|Muskrat
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "muskrat." Accessed 21 Jan. 2005 .
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskrat (accessed Sept.7, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Muslin

== Description ==
A plain weave, often undyed, 100% cotton fabric. Muslin was named for the city of Mosul in India. It was introduced to Europe in the 17th century. The fabric can vary in weight from light to medium and in texture from fine to coarse. Muslin is usually bleached, sized, or starched prior to use. It is often used for domestic furnishings, such as curtains or sheets. In India, the soft, sheer, high quality Dacca muslin, was dyed, embroidered and used for clothing.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Dacca muslin; sheeting; Musselin (Deut.); mousseline (Fr.); muselina (Esp.); mousseline (Ned);
== Applications ==
* Storage covers
* Covering internal supports
* Lining mounts
* Rolling textiles
== Additional Images ==
File:muslin_blk.jpg|Muslin
File:muslin_100X.jpg|Muslin
File:muslin_50X.jpg|Muslin
File:Image3_802542.jpg|Sheeting
== Resources and Citations ==
* Rachael Perkins Arenstein, Lisa Goldberg, and Eugenie Milroy, ‘Support and Rehousing for Collection Storage’ In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 
* M. Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Website: www.fabrics.net
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslin (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 247
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
Category:Materials database
Mustard oil

== Description ==
An oil extracted from the seeds of a mustard plant family Brassicaceae (example - Brassia hirla). The non-drying oil contains the following fatty acids (average %): oleic acid (27.2), linoleic acid (16.6), linolenic acid (1.8), erucic (51.0), and myristic acid (1.3) (CRC Handbook 1980).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Brassia hirla; huile de moutarde (Fr.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Iodine value = 102
* Saponification value = 174
* Density = 0.9145 g/ml
* Refractive Index = 1.475
==Resources and Citations==
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "mustard." Accessed 17 May 2005 .
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.9145, ref. index = 1.475, iodine value=102, saponification value = 174
Category:Materials database
Mylar

== Description ==
[DuPont Teijin Films, Hopewell, VA] A registered trademark for a series of optically clear, colorless, thermoplastic Polyester films. First introduced in the early 1950s, Mylar® is composed of polyethylene terephthalate. It is a biaxially oriented film that is chemically inert and dimensionally stable. Mylar is an effective barrier to moisture, oil and grease. It has been used for lamination, coating, embossing, printing, and dyeing. Mylar has been also used for heat seal packaging. Mylar® type D sheets are uncoated and have been used for enclosing photographs and coins as well as for making photocorners. 
Note: Mylar® type D sheets were discontinued September 2001 by DuPont.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
PET; Mylar [Du Pont]; Hostaphan [Mitsubishi]; Claryl [Toray]; 3M Polyester [3M]; Questar {Filmquest]; polyesterr; polyethylene terephthalate; tereftalato de polietileno (Esp.)
Similar products: Melinex type 516
==Applications==
* Barrier films
* Interleaving and encapsulation
* Transparent windows in storage boxes
* Heat-sealed packaging
* Lamination
* Printing
== Personal Risks ==
* Difficult to ignite. 
* Burns with a shiny, yellow-orange, sooty flame. Self-extinguishing.
* Polymer Plastics: [Safety Data Sheets]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Resistant to cold acids, weak alkalis, bleach and most organic solvents. Degrades in strong alkalis, strong hot acids, cresol. 
* For a 1 mil film: Oxygen transmission = 19-32 ml/m2d; Water vapor transmission = 45-60 g/m2d;
Melting Point 	250-260 C
Density 	1.38 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.54, 1.72
== Resources and Citations ==
* Jean Tetreault Products Used in Preventive Conservation CCI, December 2017. Link
* DuPont Teijin: [Films Database]
* Rachael Perkins Arenstein, Lisa Goldberg, and Eugenie Milroy, ‘Support and Rehousing for Collection Storage’ In ‘Preventive Conservation: Collection Storage’ Lisa Elkin and Christopher A. Norris (eds.), Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, New York. 2019. 
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 625
* Marjorie Shelley, The Care and Handling of Art Objects, The Metropolitan Museum, New York, 1987
* Caring for your Collections, Arthur W Schulz (ed.), Harry N. Abrams, Inc. , New York, 1992
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* Identification of Textile Materials, The Textile Institute, Manchester, England, 1985
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylar (Accessed Sept. 10, 2005)
* Teri Hensick, contributed information, 1998
Category:Materials databaseCategory:MWGCategory: Sheet/Film, PlasticCategory: Interleaving
Myrobalan extract

== Description ==
A widely used vegetable tannin. Myrobalan extract is obtained from the dried, unripe fruit of several trees, such as Indian almond (Terminalia catappa), cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera), Phylanthus emblica and Terminalia chebala. The dried fruit contain 30-32% tannins of the pyrogallol class. Myrobalan tannins have a natural acidity of pH 3.2 due to their relatively high sugar content (3 to 5% sugars) which ferment in the tanning liquor. When used alone, myrobalan tannins tend to form a heavy porous leather, so it is usually mixed with other more astringent tannins, such as wattle, quebracho or mangrove. Myrobalan extract is also used as a black dye on wool and as an ink colorant. Its primary dye component is ellagic acid.
* See also [Uemera Dye Archive (Kashi)] 
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
myrobalans; myrabalans; Natural Brown 4; Natural Brown 6; valonia
== Resources and Citations ==
* Helmut Schweppe, Schweppe color collection index and information book Comment: Natural Brown 6
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 525
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* F. Crace-Calvert, Dyeing and Calico Printing, Palmer & Howe, London, 1876
* Colour Index International online at www.colour-index.org
Category:Materials database
Myrrh

== Description ==
An aromatic gum-resin obtained from Commiphora species (such as C. malmol, C. abyssinica, and C. myrrha) native to India, Arabia and northeast Africa. Myrrh contains approximately 20-25% resin (mostly triterpenoids), 57-61% gum and 7-17% volatile oils. The translucent yellow resins has been used for incense and perfumes since ancient times.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
mirra (Esp.); mirra (It); malmul; ogo; herabol; sweet myrrh; bisabol myrrh
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Partially soluble (resin portion) in ethanol. Partially soluble (gum portion) in water.
==Resources and Citations==
* M.Serpico, R.White, "Resins, Amber and Bitumen" in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, P.Nicholson, I.Shaw (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 430-474.
Category:Materials database
Myrtle wax

== Description ==
turned off and moved to bayberry wax
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
vegetable tallow; bayberry tallow; candleberry wax
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Melting Point = 40-46 C
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 844
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Mössbauer spectroscopy

== Description ==
The Mössbauer effect is the recoilless nuclear resonance absorption and emission of gamma-rays, similar to the acoustic resonance between two tuning forks with the same frequency for sender and receiver. A nucleus with Z protons and N neutrons in an excited state of energy Ee and mean lifetime τ of typically 100 ns undergoes transition to the ground state of energy Eg by emitting a gamma photon of energy Eg = Ee – Eg . The gamma photon may be absorbed by a nucleus of the same kind (same Z and N) in its ground state, whereby transition to the excited state of energy Ee, takes place (resonance absorption). The subsequent transition to the ground state emits again a gamma photon (resonance fluorescence) or a conversion electron e– (with nearly ten times higher probability than gamma emission). The mean lifetime τ determines the width of the resonance lines.
Resonance absorption is observable only if the emission and absorption lines overlap sufficiently. By emission or absorption of gamma photon with energy Eg in a freely moving atom or molecule (gas, liquid), the atom (molecule) of mass m suffers a recoil effect which is several orders of magnitude larger than the natural line width. No resonance is possible between free atoms or molecules
This phenomenon was discovered by the German physicist Rudolf L. Mössbauer which became known as the Mössbauer Effect. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1961.
Môssbauer spectrometers, generally equipped with a cobalt 57 radioactive sealed source are used to characterise oxidation state of iron compounds, like pigments (differentiation between hematite, alpha-Fe2O3 , and goethite, alpha-Fe00H), corrosion products…
== Synonyms and related terms ==
spectrométrie Mössbauer (Fr.), Mössbauer Spektroskopie (Deut.) 
==Resources and Citations==
* P. Gütlich, C. Schröder & V. Schünemann, Mössbauer spectroscopy - an indispensable tool in solid state research, Spectroscopy Europe, 24, 4, 21-32 (2012)
* P. Gütlich, E. Bill & A. X. Trautwein, Mössbauer spectroscopy and transition metal chemistry – Fundamentals and applications, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg (2011)
* G. Klingelhöfer, G. M. da Costa, A. Prous & B. Bernhardt, Rock paintings from Minas Gerais, Brazil, investigated by in-situ Mössbauer spectroscopy, Hyperfine Interactions, C5, 423 , Springer Verlag (2002)
Category:Materials database
NA

= National Archives of Canada =
"The National Archives of Canada ensures the long-term preservation of its holdings and makes them available to the public through circulation, loans and copying. ... Each year the Government of Canada produces and receives millions of documents related to the business of government. Part of the National Archives' mandate is to facilitate the effective management of these documents, to determine which of their vast number are of archival value, and to preserve those documents. ...The Archives develops and applies specialized methods for maintaining records, preventing their deterioration, and restoring those that have been damaged. Research on conservation methods provides a better understanding of how records deteriorate, how further deterioration can be prevented, and how deteriorated records can be most effectively restored." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.archives.ca/
Postal Address 	National Archives of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0N3
Phone 	+1 866 578 7777
Fax 	+1 613 995 6274
Information Online	Publishes newsletter
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Archived information
Related links
Searchable 	No
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
French
== Comments ==
Periodical - The Archivist : free, selected articles onlineCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
NARA

= National Archives and Records Administration =
"The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent federal agency that preserves our nation's history and defines us as a people by overseeing the management of all federal records. Enshrined for posterity in the original building in Washington, DC, are the cornerstone documents of our government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States, and the Bill of Rights. But the National Archives and Records Administration is more than famous documents. NARA is a public trust upon which our democracy depends. NARA enables people to inspect for themselves the record of what government has done. NARA enables officials and agencies to review their actions and helps citizens hold them accountable for those actions. And NARA ensures continuing access to essential evidence that documents the rights of American citizens, the actions of federal officials, and the national experience." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.archives.gov/
Postal Address 	The National Archives and Records Administration
8601 Adelphi Road
College Park, MD 20740-6001USA
Phone 	+1 86 NARA NARA +1 866 272 6272
Fax 	+1 301 837 0483
Contact 	alan.calmes@arch2.nara.gov
Information Online	Interships
Grants / funding
Grant forms available online
Books / brochures / articles
Publication sold online
Archived information
Related links
Publishes info sheets
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	General
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
For grants, see NHPRCCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: General
NCPTT

= National Center for Preservation Technology and Training =
The National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT) was created by Congress in 1992 as an interdisciplinary program of the National Park Service to advance the art, craft and science of historic preservation in the fields of archeology, historic architecture, historic landscapes, objects and materials conservation, and interpretation. NCPTT serves public and private practitioners through research, education and information management. Their website provides online resources for the preservation community, including information about research, educational opportunities, and other online websites. (extracted from website)
Web Address 	http://www.ncptt.nps.gov
Postal Address 	NCPTT
645 College Avenue
Natchitoches, LA 71457USA
Phone 	+1 318 356 7444
Fax 	+1 318 356 9119
Contact 	ncptt@ncptt.nps.gov
Information Online	Bibliographic citations
Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Grants / funding
Grant forms available online
Publishes newsletter
Publications viewable online
Archived information
Job openings
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Grant / funding organization
Research / training
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
NCPTT Notes - newsletter (2-3/year), archived issues viewable online back to 1997. Site searchable through NPS search engine.Category:Directory
Category:Directory: Grant / funding organization
Category:Directory: Research / training
NEA

= National Endowment for the Arts =
The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is a U.S. government supported granting agency established in 1965. NEA provides support and recognition for projects in five categories: 1. Creation and presentation, 2. Planning and stabilization, 3. Heritage and preservation, 4. Access, 5. Education. Exemplary projects include dance, design, folk and traditional arts, literature, media arts (film, television, video, radio, audio art), museums, music, musical theater, opera, theater, visual arts, and multidisciplinary projects
Web Address 	http://arts.endow.gov/
Postal Address 	National Endowment for the Arts
1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20506USA
Phone 	+1 202 682 5400
Fax 	+1 202 682 5611
Contact 	webmgr@arts.endow.gov
Information Online	Grants / funding
Grant forms available online
Publications viewable online
Archived information
Job openings
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Grant / funding organization
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Searchable; contains info on previous grant recipients; employment and fellowships; grant applications available online; several in-house publications available free of chargeCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Grant / funding organization
NEDCC

= Northeast Document Conservation Center =
The Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC) is a "non-profit organisation specialises in the preservation of paper, books, photographs. The site gives online access to an up-to-date manual on preventive conservation of library and archive documents. NEDCC's mission is threefold: to improve the preservation programs of libraries, archives, historical societies, and other cultural institutions; to provide the highest quality conservation and reformatting services to institutions that cannot afford in-house conservation facilities or to those institutions seeking specialized expertise; and to provide leadership within the preservation and conservation fields. To accomplish its mission, the Center maintains four distinct departments: Field Services, Paper Conservation, Book Conservation, and Reprographic Services." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.nedcc.org/
Postal Address 	Northeast Document Conservation Center 
100 Brickstone Square 
Andover, MA 01810-1494USA
Phone 	+1 978 470 1010
Fax 	+1 978 475 6021
Contact 	nedcc@nedcc.org
Information Online	Conferences / seminars
Courses / workshops
Interships
Books / brochures / articles
Publications viewable online
Publication sold online
Membership / staff directory
Searchable 	Yes
Categories 	Research / training
Website Languages 	English
== Comments ==
Include information on grants, conference, workshops even those not sponsored by NEDCC; Provides conservation and photographic services; 
Preservation Manual is available online in English, Russian and Spanish
Newsletter (1/year) - NEDCC Newsletter; available onlineCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Research / training
NEH

= National Endowment for the Humanities =
"The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is a federal agency that supports learning in history, literature, philosophy, and other areas of the humanities. The NEH funds research, education, museum exhibitions, documentaries, preservation, and activities in the states. Projects are funded through five programs: 1. Division of Preservation and Access Grants are made for projects that will create, preserve and increase the availability of resources important for research, education, and public programming in the humanities. 2. Division of Public Programs This division fosters public understanding and appreciation of the humanities by supporting projects that bring significant insights of these disciplines to general audiences of all ages through interpretive exhibitions, radio and television programs, lectures, symposia, multimedia projects, printed materials, and reading and discussion groups. 3. Division of Research Through fellowships to individual scholars and grants to support complex, frequently collaborative, research, the Division of Research Programs contributes to the creation of knowledge in the humanities. 4. Division of Education Through grants to educational institutions, fellowships to scholars and teachers, and through the support of significant research, this division is designed to strengthen sustained, thoughtful study of the humanities at all levels of education and promote original research in the humanities. 5. Office of Challenge Grants Nonprofit institutions interested in developing new sources of long-term support for educational, scholarly, preservation, and public programs in the humanities may be assisted in these efforts by an NEH Challenge Grant." (from website)
Web Address 	http://www.neh.fed.us/
Postal Address 	National Endowment for the Humanities
1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington DC 20506 USA
Phone 	+1 202 606 8570
Fax 	+1 202 606 8639
Contact 	info@neh.gov
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Grant / funding organization
Website Languages	English
== Comments ==
Films, exhibitions, education, and cultural preservation receive support. ; NEH offers grants for: museum and library planning and consultation; student fellowships; and collaborative research; challenge grants for long-term improvements; provides list a recent grant recipients; application material provide online; searchableCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Grant / funding organization