Steve Schwartzman

Stephan (Steve) Schwartzman is an American anthropologist and tropical forest policy analyst. His areas of expertise include the Brazilian Amazon, indigenous peoples and traditional communities, REDD+, and financial incentives for environmental protection. He has represented Brazil’s Institute for Socio-Economic Studies (INESC), served as coordinator of the U.S.-Brazil Tropical Forest Action Network, and consulted for the Anthropology Resource Center and other indigenous rights organizations. He is currently serving as the senior director for tropical forest policy at Environmental Defense Fund. 
==Early life and education==
Schwartzman was born and raised in Washington, D.C. He graduated with a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Minnesota in 1975, and went on to graduate with an M.A. in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1979. 
He then earned his PhD in Anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1988, where he wrote his thesis entitled "The Panará of the Xingu Indigenous Park: the Transformation of a Society." after living with the Panará people in the Brazilian Amazon for a year and a half. 
Schwartzman speaks English, Portuguese, Panará, and Spanish..
==Career==
While living with the Panará indigenous people for a year and a half for his doctoral research, Schwartzman learned that the Panará were engaged in an effort to rebuild their society and culture after being forcibly displaced from their traditional territory in the 1970s. 
==Published Academic Work==
* Schwartzman, S. et al. (2021). Environmental integrity of emissions reductions depends on scale and systemic changes, not sector of origin. Environmental Research. 
* Zimmerman, B., S. Schwartzman, A. Jerozolimski, J. Esllei, D. Santini, and S. Hugh, (2020). Large scale forest conservation with an Indigenous people in the highly threatened southeastern Amazon: the Kayapó. Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes.
* Walker, W. S., Gorelik, S. R., Baccini, A., Aragon-Osejo, J. L., Josse, C., Meyer, C., ... & Schwartzman, S. (2020). The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
* Schwartzman, S. (2018). Chico Mendes, the rubber tappers and the Indians: reimagining conservation and development in the Amazon. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente.
* Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Stephan Schwartzman, et al. (2014). Forest carbon in Amazonia: the unrecognized contribution of indigenous territories and protected natural areas. Carbon Management.
* Nepstad, D., B. Soares, F. Merry, A. Lima, P. Moutinho, J. Carter, M. Bowman, A. Cattaneo, H. Rodrigues, S. Schwartzman, et al. (2009).
* Schwartzman, S. and P. Moutinho. (2008). Compensated reductions: Rewarding Developing Countries for Protecting Forest Carbon, in Climate Change and Forests: Emerging Policy and Market Opportunities. In book: Forestry and Climate Change. Chatham House, London.
* Bellassen, V., R. Crassous, L. Dietzch, and S. Schwartzman. (2008). Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation: What Contribution Carbon Markets? Climate Report. No. 14. Caisse des Depôts. Paris, France.
* Schwartzman, S. (2006). Panará: De volta para o futuro. In Povos Indígenas no Brasil: 2001-2005. eds. Beto Ricardo and Fany Ricardo, Instituto Socioambiental, São Paulo.
* Nepstad, D., S. Schwartzman, et al. (2006). Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fires by parks and indigenous reserves. Conservation Biology.
* Santilli, M., P. Moutinho, S. Schwartzman, D. Nepstad, L. Curran and C. Nobre. (2005). Tropical Deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol: an editorial essay. Climatic Change.
* Schwartzman, S. and B. Zimmerman. (2005). Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon. Conservation Biology.
* Schwartzman, S. 2004. (review) Etnodesenvolvimento e políticas públicas; Estado e povos indígenas: Alem da Tutela: bases para uma nova política indigenista. Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima and Maria Barroso-Hoffmann, organizadores. In Mana: Estudos de Antropologia Social.
* Bonnie, R. and S. Schwartzman. (2003). Tropical reforestation and deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol. Conservation Biology. 
* Schwartzman, S., A. Moreira and D. Nepstad. (2000). Perils in Parks: Rethinking tropical forest conservation. Conservation Biology.
* Schwartzman, S., D. Nepstad and A. Moreira. (2000). Arguing tropical forest conservation: people vs parks. Conservation Biology.
* Bonnie, R., M. Oppenheimer, S. Schwartzman and J. Bloomfield. (2000). Counting the cost of deforestation. Science.
* Moreira, A. and S. Schwartzman, editors. (2000). Ecosistemas Brasileiras e Mudança Climática. Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental na Amazônia. Brasilia, Brasil.
* Schwartzman, S., editor. (1998). From the Ashes: Reflections on Chico Mendes and the Future of the Rainforest. Schwartzman, S., editor. Environmental Defense Fund and National Wildlife Federation, Washington DC.
* Nepstad, D. and S. Schwartzman, editors. (1992). Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy. Advances in Economic Botany.
* Schwartzman, S. (1992). Land Distribution and the Social Costs of Frontier Development in Brazil: Social and Historical Context of Extractive Reserves in Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy. Advances in Economic Botany.
* Arndt, R. and S. Schwartzman. (1992). O Artifício Orgânico: Transição na Amazônia 1985-1990. Editora Roxa, Rio de Janeiro.
* Schwartzman, S. (1991). Deforestation and Popular Resistance in Acre: From Local Social Movement to Global Network. The Centennial Review.
* Schwartzman, S. (1986). Bankrolling Disasters: International Development Banks and the Global Environment. (Citizen's Guide to the Multilateral Development Banks, Sierra Club and Environmental Defense Fund).
* Schwartzman, S. (1983). Linguistic Humor and the Maintenance of Krenakore Identity under Contact. International Journal of American Linguistics.
Category:People from Washington, D.C.
Category:American people
Category:University of Minnesota alumni
Category:University of Chicago alumni
Category:Anthropologists