nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Basics of Pain Management

=Guidelines=
Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.
==ASCO==
*2023: Paice et al. Use of Opioids for Adults With Pain From Cancer or Cancer Treatment: ASCO Guideline EuroPMC
*2022: Mao et al. Integrative Medicine for Pain Management in Oncology: Society for Integrative Oncology-ASCO Guideline EuroPMC
==NCCN==
*NCCN Guidelines - Adult Cancer Pain
**2019: Swarm et al. Adult Cancer Pain, Version 3.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. EuroPMC
**2010: Swarm et al. Adult cancer pain. link to PMC article EuroPMC
**2007: Swarm et al. Adult cancer pain. EuroPMC
=Escalation of pain management=
Figure 1: WHO's Cancer Pain Ladder for Adults (1986)	
Figure 2: New Adaptation of the Analgesic Ladder 	
==References==
Figure 1: “WHO's Cancer Pain Ladder for Adults.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 27 Nov. 2013, www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/
Figure 2: Vargas-Schaffer, Grisell. “Is the WHO analgesic ladder still valid? Twenty-four years of experience.” Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien vol. 56,6 (2010): 514-7, e202-5.
Category:Supportive oncology
Bavituximab (PGN-401)

=Mechanism of action=
Binds to phosphatidylserine, provoking an immune response.
=Preliminary data=
==Non-small cell lung cancer==
# Digumarti R, Bapsy PP, Suresh AV, Bhattacharyya GS, Dasappa L, Shan JS, Gerber DE. Bavituximab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2014 Nov;86(2):231-6. Epub 2014 Aug 24. link to original article PubMed
==Also known as==
*Code name: PGN-401
*Brand name: Tarvacin
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-PS antibodies
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications (investigational)
Category:Investigational drugs
Behenoyl cytarabine (BHAC)

==Mechanism of action==
Lipid-conjugated derivative of cytarabine
==Diseases for which it was used==
*Acute myeloid leukemia
==Also known as==
*Generic name: BHAC
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Antimetabolites
Category:Deoxycytidine analogs
Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications (historic)
Category:Stub
Belagenpumatucel-L (Lucanix)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: A transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) antisense gene-modified allogeneic tumor cell vaccine with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Belagenpumatucel-L is prepared by transfecting allogeneic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with a plasmid containing a TGF-beta2 antisense transgene, expanding the cells, and then irradiating and freezing them. Upon administration, this agent may elicit a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against host NSCLC cells, resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation; vaccine immunogenicity may be potentiated by suppression of tumor TGF-beta2 production by antisense RNA expressed by the vaccine plasmid TGF-beta2 antisense transgene.
==Preliminary data==
Note: This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of preliminary results. References included in this section include non-randomized studies published in high-profile journals (e.g., NEJM) and experimental arms of phase 3 RCTs. Inclusion here is not an indication of impending regulatory approval, although many of these drugs do end up receiving approval by a regulatory authority.
===Non-small cell lung cancer===
# STOP: Giaccone G, Bazhenova LA, Nemunaitis J, Tan M, Juhász E, Ramlau R, van den Heuvel MM, Lal R, Kloecker GH, Eaton KD, Chu Q, Dunlop DJ, Jain M, Garon EB, Davis CS, Carrier E, Moses SC, Shawler DL, Fakhrai H. A phase III study of belagenpumatucel-L, an allogeneic tumour cell vaccine, as maintenance therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2015 Nov;51(16):2321-9. Epub 2015 Aug 14. link to original article EuroPMC NCT00676507
==Also known as==
*Brand name: Lucanix
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Tumor vaccines
Category:T-cell activators
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications (investigational)
Category:Halted drugs
Belantamab mafodotin (Blenrep)

==Mechanism of action==
From the NCI Drug Dictionary: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of belantamab, an afucosylated, humanized monoclonal antibody, directed against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), conjugated to mafodotin, an auristatin analog and microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin phenylalanine (MMAF), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of belantamab mafodotin, the anti-BCMA antibody moiety selectively binds to BCMA on tumor cell surfaces. Upon internalization, the MMAF moiety binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and induces tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, belantamab mafodotin-blmf induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Altogether, this results in the inhibition of cellular proliferation in tumor cells that overexpress BCMA.
==Toxicity management==
*Use of belantamab mafodotin required participation in the Blenrep Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program until withdrawal from the US market in February 2023.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Multiple myeloma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2020-08-05: Accelerated approval for adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least 4 prior therapies, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteasome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. (Based on DREAMM-2)
**2023-02-06: Accelerated approval withdrawn. (Based on DREAMM-3)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2020-08-25: Initial conditional approval as monotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients, who have received at least four prior therapies and whose disease is refractory to at least one proteasome inhibitor, one immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and who have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. (Based on DREAMM-2)
==Patient drug information==
*Belantamab mafodotin (Blenrep) package insertBelantamab mafodotin (Blenrep) Package Insert
==Also known as==
*Code name: GSK-2857916
*Generic name: belantamab mafodotin-blmf
*Brand name: Blenrep
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugates
Category:Microtubule inhibitors
Category:Multiple myeloma medications
Category:EMA approved in 2020
Category:FDA approved in 2020
Category:FDA withdrawn in 2023
Belinostat (Beleodaq)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Belinostat causes cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of tumor cells by blocking HDAC, which results in accumulation of acetylated histones and other proteins.Belinostat (Beleodaq) package insert Belinostat (Beleodaq) package insert (locally hosted backup)Beleodaq manufacturer's website
Route: IV
Extravasation: no information
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)==
*Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
==Patient drug information==
*Belinostat (Beleodaq) package insert
*Belinostat (Beleodaq) patient drug information (Chemocare)Belinostat (Beleodaq) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Belinostat (Beleodaq) patient drug information (UpToDate)Belinostat (Beleodaq) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2014-07-03: FDA accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). (Based on BELIEF)
==Also known as==
*Code name: PXD-101
*Brand name: Beleodaq
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:HDAC inhibitors
Category:Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma medications
Category:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2014
Belotecan (Camptobell)

==General information==
Class/mechanism from the NCI Drug Dictionary: The hydrochloride salt of the semi-synthetic camptothecin analog belotecan with potential antitumor activity. Belotecan binds to and inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I, stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I-DNA, which inhibits the religation of single-stranded DNA breaks generated by topoisomerase I; lethal double-stranded DNA breaks occur when the topoisomerase I-DNA complex is encountered by the DNA replication machinery, DNA replication is disrupted, and the tumor cell undergoes apoptosis.
Route: IV
Extravasation: irritant
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information. 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Ovarian cancer 
*Small cell lung cancer
==Also known as==
*Code name: CKD-602
*Generic name: belotecan hydrochloride
*Brand name: Camptobell
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Irritant
Category:Topoisomerase I inhibitors
Category:Ovarian cancer medications
Category:Small cell lung cancer medications
Category:KFDA approved in 2003
Belumosudil (Rezurock)

==Mechanism of action==
ROCK2 (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2) inhibitor
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Graft versus host disease
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2021-07-16: Approved for adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with chronic graft-versus-host disease (chronic GVHD) after failure of at least two prior lines of systemic therapy. (Based on ROCKstar)
==Also known as==
*Code names: KD-025, SLx-2119
*Brand name: Rezurock
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:ROCK2 inhibitors
Category:Graft versus host disease medications
Category:FDA approved in 2021
Category:Stub
Belzutifan (Welireg)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor. HIF-2α promotes adaptation to hypoxia and is targeted for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation by Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein. Individuals without functional VHL protein have accumulation of HIF-2α, which interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta (HIF-1β) to form a transcriptional complex that results in cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Belzutifan binds to HIF-2α, and in hypoxic conditions or impairment of VHL function, belzutifan results in decreased expression of HIF-2α target genes, which results in anti-tumor activity.Belzutifan (Welireg) package insert Belzutifan (Welireg) package insert (locally hosted backup)Welireg manufacturer's website
==Diseases for which it is used==
*CNS hemangioblastoma
*Pancreatic NET
*Renal cell carcinoma
**VHL-associated RCC
==Patient drug information==
*Belzutifan (Welireg) package insert
*Belzutifan (Welireg) patient drug information Oral Chemotherapy Education (OCE)Belzutifan (Welireg) patient drug information Oral Chemotherapy Education (OCE)
*Belzutifan (Welireg) patient drug information (UpToDate)Belzutifan (Welireg) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2021-08-13: Approved for adult patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who require therapy for associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC), central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas, or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), not requiring immediate surgery. (Based on MK-6482-004)
*2023-12-14: Approved for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor and a vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI). (Based on LITESPARK-005)
==Also known as==
*Code names: MK-6482, PT-2977
*Brand name: Welireg
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Mutation-specific medications
Category:HIF-2a inhibitors
Category:CNS hemangioblastoma medications
Category:Pancreatic NET medications
Category:Renal cell carcinoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2021
Benralizumab (Fasenra)

No FDA approval for hematology/oncology conditions, at this time.
==General information==
Class/mechanism: A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5). 
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)
==Patient Drug Information==
*Benralizumab (Fasenra) Package InsertBenralizumab (Fasenra) Package Insert
==Also known as==
*Brand names: Fasenra
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Anti-IL-5 antibodies
Category:Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications
Category:FDA approved in 2017
Category:Stub
Betibeglogene autotemcel (Zynteglo)

==Mechanism of action==
Gene therapy using autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with BB305 lentiviral vector.
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2022-08-17: Approved for treatment of adult and pediatric patients with ß-thalassemia who require regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. (Based on HGB-207 and HGB-212)
==Also known as==
*Generic name: beti-cel
*Brand name: Zynteglo
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Gene therapy
Category:Beta thalassemia medications
Category:FDA approved in 2024
Betrixaban (Bevyxxa)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Direct factor Xa inhibitor. By inhibiting free and clotbound factor Xa in the coagulation cascade, betrixaban inhibits prothrombinase activity, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and the subsequent conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. It does not need antithrombin III to exert its antithrombotic activity.Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) package insert Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) package insert (locally hosted backup)
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*VTE prevention
==Patient drug information==
*Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) package insert
*Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) patient drug information (UpToDate)Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2017-06-23: FDA approved for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients hospitalized for an acute medical illness who are at risk for thromboembolic complications due to moderate or severe restricted mobility and other risk factors for VTE.
==Also known as==
*Code name: PRT-054021
*Brand name: Bevyxxa
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Direct oral anticoagulants
Category:Factor Xa inhibitors
Category:Venous thromboembolism medications
Category:FDA approved in 2017
Bevacizumab-adcd (Vegzelga)

Note: this is an FDA-approved biosimilar. The information below is reproduced from the Bevacizumab (Avastin) page, except for the details of FDA indication and the references.
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiogenesis by binding VEGF and preventing the interaction of VEGF with its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR) on the surface of endothelial cells.
Route: IV
Extravasation: neutral
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, UpToDate Lexidrug, Medscape,or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Carcinoma of unknown primary
*Anaplastic glioma
*Breast cancer
*Cervical cancer
*Cholangiocarcinoma
*Colorectal cancer
*Esophageal cancer
*Follicular lymphoma
*Glioblastoma
*Hepatocellular carcinoma
*Melanoma 
*Malignant pleural mesothelioma
*Neuroendocrine tumor
*Non-small cell lung cancer
*Ovarian cancer
*Pancreatic NET
*Renal cell carcinoma
*Small cell lung cancer
*Soft tissue sarcoma 
*Testicular cancer
*Endometrial cancer
*Vascular sarcoma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2022-09-28: Approved for metastatic colorectal cancer, recurrent or metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), recurrent glioblastoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer, and epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. (Based on CT-P16 3.1)
==Also known as==
*Code name: CT-P16
*Brand name: Vegzelga, Vegzelma
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Neutral
Category:Anti-VEGF antibodies
Category:Carcinoma of unknown primary medications
Category:Anaplastic glioma medications
Category:Breast cancer medications
Category:Cervical cancer medications
Category:Cholangiocarcinoma medications
Category:Colorectal cancer medications
Category:Esophageal cancer medications
Category:Follicular lymphoma medications
Category:Glioblastoma medications
Category:Hepatocellular carcinoma medications
Category:Melanoma medications 
Category:Malignant pleural mesothelioma medications
Category:Neuroendocrine tumor medications
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications
Category:Ovarian cancer medications
Category:Pancreatic NET medications
Category:Renal_cell_carcinoma medications
Category:Small cell lung cancer medications
Category:Soft tissue sarcoma medications 
Category:Testicular cancer medications
Category:Endometrial cancer medications
Category:Vascular sarcoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2022
Category:Biosimilars
Bevacizumab-bvzr (Zirabev)

Note: this is a biosimilar. The information below is reproduced from the Bevacizumab (Avastin) page, except for the details of FDA indication.
==General information==
Class/mechanism: Monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiogenesis by binding VEGF and preventing the interaction of VEGF with its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR) on the surface of endothelial cells.
Route: IV
Extravasation: neutral
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, UpToDate Lexidrug, Medscape,or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Carcinoma of unknown primary
*Anaplastic glioma
*Breast cancer
*Cervical cancer
*Cholangiocarcinoma
*Colorectal cancer
*Esophageal cancer
*Follicular lymphoma
*Glioblastoma
*Hepatocellular carcinoma
*Melanoma 
*Malignant pleural mesothelioma
*Neuroendocrine tumor
*Non-small cell lung cancer
*Ovarian cancer
*Pancreatic NET
*Renal cell carcinoma
*Small cell lung cancer
*Soft tissue sarcoma 
*Testicular cancer
*Endometrial cancer
*Vascular sarcoma
==History of changes in FDA indication==
*2019-06-28: Approved (Based on REFLECTIONS B7391003)
==Also known as==
*Code names: PF-06439535
*Brand name: Zirabev
Category:Drugs
Category:Intravenous medications
Category:Neutral
Category:Anti-VEGF antibodies
Category:Carcinoma of unknown primary medications
Category:Anaplastic glioma medications
Category:Breast cancer medications
Category:Cervical cancer medications
Category:Cholangiocarcinoma medications
Category:Colorectal cancer medications
Category:Esophageal cancer medications
Category:Follicular lymphoma medications
Category:Glioblastoma medications
Category:Hepatocellular carcinoma medications
Category:Melanoma medications 
Category:Malignant pleural mesothelioma medications
Category:Neuroendocrine tumor medications
Category:Non-small cell lung cancer medications
Category:Ovarian cancer medications
Category:Pancreatic NET medications
Category:Renal_cell_carcinoma medications
Category:Small cell lung cancer medications
Category:Soft tissue sarcoma medications 
Category:Testicular cancer medications
Category:Endometrial cancer medications
Category:Vascular sarcoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 2019
Category:Biosimilars
Bexarotene (Targretin)

==General information==
Class/mechanism: Retinoid, selectively binds and activates retinoid X receptor subtypes (RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ), which allow them to function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control cellular differentiation and proliferation. Bexarotene inhibits the growth in vitro of some tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and squamous cell origin. Exact mechanism of action in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is unknown.Bexarotene (Targretin) capsules package insert Bexarotene (Targretin) capsules package insert (locally hosted backup)Bexarotene (Targretin) gel package insert Bexarotene (Targretin) gel package insert (locally hosted backup)Targretin manufacturer's website
Route: PO, topical
Extravasation: n/a
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, UpToDate Lexidrug, Medscape,or the prescribing information.
==Diseases for which it is used==
*Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
==Patient drug information==
*Bexarotene (Targretin) capsules package insert
*Bexarotene (Targretin) gel package insert
*Bexarotene systemic (Targretin) patient drug information (Chemocare)Bexarotene systemic (Targretin) patient drug information (Chemocare)
*Bexarotene systemic (Targretin) patient drug information (UpToDate)Bexarotene systemic (Targretin) patient drug information (UpToDate)
*Bexarotene topical (Targretin) patient drug information (UpToDate)Bexarotene topical (Targretin) patient drug information (UpToDate)
==History of changes in FDA indication==
* 1999-12-29: Initial approval for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients who are refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy. (Based on Duvic et al. 2001a & Duvic et al. 2001b)
==History of changes in EMA indication==
*2001-03-29: Initial authorization
==History of changes in PMDA indication==
*2016-01-22: Initial approval for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
==Also known as==
*Code name: LGD-1069
*Brand names: Bexgratin, Targretin
==References==
Category:Drugs
Category:Oral medications
Category:Topical medications
Category:Retinoids
Category:Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma medications
Category:FDA approved in 1999
Category:EMA approved in 2001
Category:PMDA approved in 2016