nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare's Primer

Shakespeare's Primer was written several years ago by Financial Wisdom Forum (FWF) member and founder "Shakespeare" to aid Canadian Do-It-Yourself (DIY) investors. It serves as a primer for Canadian do-it-yourself (DIY) investors who wish to manage their own investment portfolio. 
The primer is aimed at individuals who will be using their investment portfolio as the main source of retirement income. Its objective is to educate investors on how to take control of their investments in a cost-effective manner. Although the fundamental principles remain sound, it has not been updated for some years.
Keith Betty, aka "Shakespeare", passed away July 4, 2023.
==Contribution to finiki==
A significant portion of the materials from Shakespeare's Primer provided much of the foundation of finiki, particularly the Portfolio design and construction article and many others.
==History==
The Internet Wayback Machine's first record of the Primer is August 23, 2003, although the site's Change Log indicates the log was initiated on 2002 October 4.
In November 2020 Shakespeare's Primer found a new permanent home with FWF where it will be maintained essentially as an archive. 
==See also==
*gummy-stuff
*Canada's retirement income system
==References==
==External link==
* Shakespeare's Primer - The original 
* Canfinancial - Helping the Canadian Do-It-Yourself Investor - Shakespeare's follow-on site to Shakespeare's Primer
Category:Reference material
Category:Website archive
Stock

The stock (also capital stock) of a corporation constitutes the equity stake of its owners. It represents the residual assets of the company that would be due to stockholders after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt.
The stock of a corporation is partitioned into shares, the total of which are stated at the time of business formation. Additional shares may subsequently be authorized by the existing shareholders and issued by the company. 
Shares represent a fraction of ownership in a business. A business may declare different types (classes) of shares, each having distinctive ownership rules, privileges, or share values. Ownership of shares may be documented by issuance of a stock certificate. A stock certificate is a legal document that specifies the amount of shares owned by the shareholder, and other specifics of the shares, such as the par value, if any, or the class of the shares.
There are two main types of shares issued, common shares and preferred shares, which may or may not trade on a stock exchange. Most retail Canadian investors deal with publicly traded companies and their shares. 
== See Also ==
*Bonds
* Common shares
* Preferred shares
==External links==
*Stock - Wikipedia
Category:Equities
Systematic investment plan

A systematic investment plan (SIP), also known as an "automatic investment plan", "pre-authorized purchase plan", or "regular investment plan", is an mechanism to automate regular purchases of securities or mutual funds.*Rob Carrick, A painless antidote to investing procrastination, The Globe and Mail, October 3, 2011, viewed March 24, 2018. Essentially, a SIP is a form of dollar cost averaging, so you buy more shares or units when they are cheap, and fewer when they are expensive. Enrolling in a SIP helps maintain savings discipline: by transferring money out of your chequing account automatically and regularly, you are making sure that investing remains a priority in your budget. 
==Mutual funds directly from the company==
Mutual fund companies typically offer pre-authorized purchase plans that allow regular contributions to be made effortlessly, often starting at $25 per investment period (e.g. weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.).
==Mutual funds in brokerage accounts==
Many brokerage firms also offer SIPs where you can purchase mutual fund units from many of the leading fund companies and avoid the higher minimum investment amounts frequently required by these companies and brokerage commissions.
==Common shares from the transfer agent==
Companies listed on stock exchanges that offer dividend reinvestment plans sometimes offer SIPs, which allow additional shares to be purchased directly from the company's transfer agent, thus saving on brokerage commissions.
==See also==
* Importance of saving early
* Group retirement plan
* Simple index portfolios
==References==
==External links==
Mutual funds directly from the company (examples)
*TD mutual funds, Pre-authorized Purchase Plan - applies to TD e-funds as well
*CIBC: Benefits of a Regular Investment Plan - applies to CIBC index funds as well
*PH&N - The Power of Investing Regularly
Mutual funds in brokerage accounts (examples)
*BMO InvestorLine - Mutual Fund Automatic Investment Plans
*RBC Direct Investing - Pre-Authorized Contribution Plan
*TD Direct Investing - Systematic Investment Plan
*HSBC InvestDirect - Systematic Investment Plan
Category:Mutual funds and ETFs
Category:Investment management
T1135 Foreign Income Verification Statement

The T1135 Foreign Income Verification Statement is a Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) tax form. The objectives of this reporting requirement are:
# to enhance compliance with tax laws that require reporting of foreign-source income
# to increase taxpayers' awareness of these laws
# to provide information to the CRA for the purpose of verifying taxpayers' compliance with these laws
# to better target international tax evasion and aggressive tax avoidance
Generally the Form T1135 must be filed on or before the due date of the taxpayer's income tax return. The penalties for not filing a T1135 are onerous. 
This article is intended to provide an overview of the T1135 form. It is a CRA requirement to accurately provide a T1135 form when circumstances dictate. The specific details of filling out this form are beyond the scope of this article and you should consult your tax preparer and the CRA's website for complete details. 
==Do I need to report?==
You must file a T1135 if are a Canadian resident who at any time during the year owned specified foreign property costing more than $100,000 CAD. The cost amount is defined in subsection 248(1) of the Income Tax Act and generally is the adjusted cost base and not the fair market value.
==How do I fill it out and file it?==
Form T1135 has a two-tier information reporting structure for specified foreign property. Part A is a simplified reporting method for taxpayers who held specified foreign property with a total cost of more than $100,000 CAD, but less than $250,000 CAD, throughout the year. This reporting method allows taxpayers to check the box for each type of property they held during the year rather than providing the details of each property. Part B, the detailed reporting method, applies to those taxpayers who, at any time during a year, held specified foreign property with a total cost of $250,000 or more. 
Individuals can file Form T1135 electronically (EFILE or NETFILE) for the 2015 and later tax years.
==What property has to be reported?==
Form T1135 requires specified foreign property is defined in subsection 233.3(1) of the Income Tax Act to be reported. Shares of non-resident corporations held through a broker (Canadian or foreign) are specified foreign property and should be reported, regardless of whether the shares are held through a broker. Many Canadian discount brokerages include a T1135 reporting package as part of their annual tax preparation materials.
==Are there exclusions?==
Common exclusions are a personal-use property as defined in section 54. or specified foreign property (i.e. US stocks) held in an Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) or a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA).
==See also==
* Tax planning
* IRS W-8 BEN form
==References==
==Further reading==
* 
* 
* 
==External links==
* T1135 Foreign Income Verification Statement - Canada.ca
Category:Glossary
Category:Tax forms
Category:Tax planning
Tax deferred and tax free savings plans

There are a number of plans available to Canadians for tax deferral or tax free savings. 
*Locked-in accounts
*Registered Disability Savings Plans (RDSPs)
*Registered Retirement Income Funds (RRIFs)
*Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSPs)
*Tax-Free Savings Accounts (TFSAs)
*First Home Savings Accounts (FHSA)
The use of one type of plan does not exclude using other types of plans, although there can be age restrictions on which plans can be used. TFSAs versus RRSPs plans are sometimes compared as they might be used at the same time. There are some common features but also some key differences. 
Category:Tax-advantaged savings plans
Tax rate calculators

The following online tax rate calculators may be of use for tax planning and estimation purposes.
*Ernst & Young - Canada
*Walter Harder
*Canadian Financial and Income Tax Calculators - Taxtips.ca, includes:
**Detailed Canadian Income Tax and RRSP Savings Calculators
**Detailed Quebec Income Tax and RRSP Savings Calculators
**Basic Canadian Income Tax Calculator
**Investment Income Tax Calculators
==See also==
*Adjusted cost base
*Capital gain
*Capital loss
Category:Tax planning
Category:Lists
Tenant insurance

Tenant insurance, also known as renters insurance, is an insurance policy for someone who rents a house or an apartment. It covers their personal belongings in case of theft, fire or water damage. It also provides coverage if your negligence causes harm or damage to other's property. The building itself is covered by the landlord’s insurance policy, not by tenant insurance.
While 97% of home owners had home insurance in 2008, according to Statistics Canada, only 42% of renters had tenant insurance. You may think that your possessions don't amount to much, but if there is a fire, how much would it cost to replace everything you currently own?
Students who are temporarily living away from home may be covered under their parent's home insurance so might not need tenant insurance. Your insurance agent should be able to confirm coverage in this case.
==Types of policies and coverage==
===Liability===
Liability coverage includes up to $1 million (or more) if someone successfully sues you for damage to the building or for causing unintentional harm to others who live in or visit the property.
===Contents===
Two types of coverage are available for the contents of the house or apartment you are renting: all risks and named perils. With all risks, everything if covered except if specifically excluded in the policy. With named perils (or specified perils), only perils that are specifically stated are covered.
===Additional living expenses===
Some policies can cover the cost of renting a living space while yours is being repaired after a disaster.ratehub.ca, What is tenant insurance? (costs, coverage, and gaps), May 29, 2019, viewed February 13, 2021.
==Buying tenant insurance==
Tenant insurance should be comparatively inexpensive (relative to home insurance). In 2019, the average cost of tenant insurance in Canada was about $275 per year.
Tenant insurance is sold directly by property and casualty (P&C) companies or through insurance brokers. Get two or three quotes, making sure you are comparing very similar policies. There may be a rebate if you also insure your car with the same insurance company.
==How to be ready should you need to make a claim==
Film your rented dwelling to show all your possessions. Or make a detailed list. Keep the film or list somewhere else (not in your rented dwelling), or use a fireproof/waterproof safe. Should there be a fire or other catastrophe, this will make the insurance claim process easier.
==See also==
*Insurance
*Home insurance
==References==
==External links==
* 
* 
* 
* 
Category:Insurance
Toronto Stock Exchange

The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 8th largest exchange in the world by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities. A broad range of businesses from Canada and abroad are represented on the exchange. In addition to conventional securities, the exchange lists various exchange-traded funds, split share corporations, income trusts and investment funds. More mining and oil and gas companies are listed on Toronto Stock Exchange than any other stock exchange.
==References==
==External links==
*TMX TSX | TSXV - Toronto Stock Exchange and TSX Venture Exchange (Official website)
*Wikipedia, Toronto Stock Exchange
Category:Glossary
Tracking error

Tracking error is the divergence between the price behavior of a position or a portfolio and the price behavior of a benchmark. This is often in the context of a hedge fund, mutual fund, or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that did not work as effectively as intended, creating an unexpected profit or loss. 
Tracking error can have two meanings: 
# the difference between the index total return and the total return of the fundCanadian Couch Potato, How Well Does Your ETF Track Its Index?, viewed December 27, 2014 -- this is also known as "tracking difference"ETF.com, Understanding Tracking Difference And Tracking Error, viewed January 24, 2015, or sometimes the "excess return" if the definition is reversed (total return of the fund minus total return of the index)Chiefalo et al., Passive Equity Index ETF Performance Review: Full-Year 2013, National Bank Financial, January 19, 2014, viewed January 24, 2015Vanguard Canada, Understanding excess return and tracking error, January 15, 2015, viewed January 24, 2015; or 
# the "annualized standard deviation of daily return differences between the total return performance of the fund and the total return performance of its underlying index" (see also Wikipedia: tracking error). 
Both definitions are measures of how closely an index fund or ETF follows the index to which it is benchmarked. Tracking difference is calculated by subtracting the fund's net asset value (NAV) return from the index return for the same period; typically both of these numbers can be found on the fund sponsor's website. The most obvious source of tracking difference is the management expense ratio (MER). But factors such as currency hedging, cash drag, poor sampling, changes to the underlying index, index reconstitution, securities lending, and "fair value pricing" can play a role too.Canadian Couch Potato, What Causes an ETF’s Tracking Error?, viewed December 27, 2014Canadian Couch Potato, When You Can Ignore Tracking Error, viewed January 24, 2015. 
A review of 2013 excess returns and tracking errors for several categories of index ETFs is available from National Bank Financial. Note that despite their attractive name, "excess returns" are almost always negative, i.e. the funds return less than their benchmarks.
==See also==
==References==
==External links==
* 
Category:Glossary
Trusted Contact Person

A Trusted Contact Person serves as an emergency contact for financial matters in possible situations of financial abuse or fraud affecting your account. The Trusted Contact Person initiative is part of regulatory measures to support advisors in their efforts to help investors protect themselves and their financial interests. 
A Trusted Contact Person is not a power of attorney nor is the Trusted Contact Person permitted to direct trades or otherwise make financial decisions on your behalf.
===When would Trusted Contact Person be contacted?===
There are specific circumstances where an advisor who might be concerned about a client can contact the client's Trusted Contact Person. They are:
*If your advisor needs to get in touch with you, but cannot after repeated attempts.
*If financial exploitation is suspected.
*If there are concerns about your ability to make financial decisions.
*To confirm your legal representative(s).
==See also==
==References==
==Further reading==
==External links==
*Trusted Contact Person brochure, GetSmarterAboutMoney.ca
*Why You Should Consider Appointing a Trusted Contact Person, Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO)
*YOU’RE MY TRUSTED CONTACT PERSON, Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA)
Category:Financial planning
Value investing

Value investing is an investment approach developed by Benjamin GrahamWikipedia, Benjamin Graham, viewed Feb. 21, 2009.The Ben Graham Centre for Value Investing, Benjamin Graham, viewed Mar. 9, 2009. and David DoddWikipedia, David Dodd, viewed February 21, 2009. and presented in their book, Security Analysis.Wikipedia, Security Analysis, viewed February 21, 2009. Graham later wrote The Intelligent Investor,Wikipedia, The Intelligent Investor, viewed February 21, 2009. which is a more readable treatment. Value investing involves buying stocks at undervalued price based on some fundamental measure such as high dividend yield, low price-to-book value, or low price-earnings ratio.
Well known value investorsWikipedia, Well known value investors, viewed February 21, 2009. include, among others, Warren Buffett, Peter Cundill and Sir John Templeton. 
==See also==
* Beating the TSX
* Growth investing
* Passive investing
* Value vs growth
==References==
Category:Glossary
Category:Investment styles
Category:Equities
Category:Investment management
Wealth management

Wealth management is a high-level professional service that combines financial and investment advice, accounting and tax services, retirement planning and legal or estate planning for one set fee. Clients work with a single wealth manager who coordinates input from financial experts and can include coordinating advice from the client's own attorney, accountants and insurance agent. Some wealth managers also provide banking services or advice on philanthropic activities.Wealth Management Definition | Investopedia. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
==References==
Category:Glossary
Category:Investment management
Cartoon Network Too (United States)

Cartoon Network Too is the American version of the UK channel of the same name. It launched on May 1, 2007 and closed on July 31, 2013. It's channel space was replaced by Boomerang on some providers, where as other providers stopped carrying it. The channel focuses on shows that are not in production, and shows that are rarely seen on the main channel. The channel also has a weeknight action block, called Toonami X. Adult Swim shows are also shown, under the Adult Swim Too block. 
== History ==
After seeing the success of CN Too, Turner Broadcasting wanted a similar service that would air cartoons not in production and not aired as much, so they placed a few seasonal interns at Williams Street in the programming director's chair. The channel used the CN City on air identity from 2007 until the spring of 2012, where it was replaced by a new in house look, featuring a brand new logo that was only used on the channel.
== Programming ==
=== Programming blocks ===
* Toonami X (2007-2010) - A weekday primetime block featuring action animation. Aired from 8p-11p from Monday to Thursday. 
* Adult Swim Too (2007-2013) - An overnight block featuring adult comedies and Japanese anime. Aired from Sunday to Thursday from 11p to 4a. 
* CN Too Fridays (2007-2011) - Friday night block featuring remastered Fridays blocks from 2003-2007. Also aired new programming starting in 2009. Aired on Fridays from 7p-11p.
* Toonami Late Night (2007-2011) - Aired after CN Too Fridays on Friday nights from 11p-4a.
* Toonami Saturdays (2007-2009) - Aired on Saturday nights from 7p-1a.
* Cartoon Theater (2007-2013) - Aired on Saturdays at 5p before Toonami Saturdays, moved to 7:30p following the cancellation of Toonami Saturdays.
* Adult Swim Too Action (2009-2012) - Aired on Saturday nights from 10p-1a.
Baby Calf

== Days 1-4: Colostrum ==
For the first 4 days the calf must be fed colostrum from its mother. This is essential in developing the immune system and boosting growth.
More information here https://www.sprayfo.com/en/Learn-more/Best-colostrum-feedstuff-for-calves--/Colostrum-feeding-schedule-for-calves/
== Days 5-14: Milk ==
After the colostrum, the calves will be fed milk formula. We want to be feeding 15% of the calf's body weight daily. Slowly begin to provide access to a small amount of starter feed and forage, it has been shown to help early rumen development and makes the transition to hard feed more gradual.
== Days 14-28: Milk and starter feed ==
After 2 weeks we will start to feed more starters. We will continue feeding milk twice a day, but we now want to start to transition the cow onto hard feed.
== Days 28-42+: Weaning ==
Before we start wean our calf we want it to be consuming at least 1kg of good quality starter meal for at least 3-4 days consecutively. If it isn't eating enough, or is in some way sickly it is better to delay weaning until they are in better condition.
Once our calf is ready to wean, we will gradually reduce the amount of milk it is given in each feed. As we reduce the amount of milk you are giving we should see a corresponding increase in the amount of hard feed consumed. The process should take between 7-14 days and at the end they should be entirely dependent on hard feed.
A calf's immune system can be affected for up to two weeks after weaning, putting them at risk of infection. So during and after weaning it is important to provide a consistent, hygienic environment and not stress the calf.
== Days 56+ ==
The calf is now fully weaned and living off hard feed and forage. She is ready to leave the calf unit and go into a rearing shed.
Next: Rearing
Breeding

== Breeding ==
Whether we are using AI or putting our cow to a bull, we need to be identify the right time in her cycle to do it. A cow normally comes into heat every 21 days, which lasts for an average of 16 hours. During this period you will see a marked change in the cows behaviour, some things you might notice:
*She is restless, and lows as if looking for her calf. She sometimes wanders away.
*She urinates only a little at a time and sniffs the air.
*Her eyes have a wild expression and she flicks her ears actively.
*She licks other cows, tries to mount them and allows other cows to mount her.
*Her vulva is swollen and mucous sometimes hangs from it. The tail hangs next to the vulva and is slightly lifted.
Source: https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/farm-basics/how-to-livestock/5-signs-your-cattle-are-on-heat/
This is the ideal time to AI your cow, you stand the best change of successful insemination. If she was living with a bull then you wouldn't need to monitor her cycles, nature would handle it for you.
== Pregnancy testing ==
After servicing our cow, we are going to want to monitor her progress to ensure that she is indeed in calf. There are many ways to do this but I will outline the ones we would use:
*Return to oestrus. The cheapest approach, simply monitor the cow and if she returns to her normal oestrus cycle then she isn't in calf.
*Rectal palpation. If the person doing it is experienced, this can be an extremely effective way to detect pregnancy, sometimes as early as 1 month.
*Ultrasound examination. More expensive but the most accurate and provides the earliest detection.
Next: Troubleshooting
Culls

== Culls ==
At a certain point a cow will cease to earn its keep. Some reasons why a cow might be culled:
* Fertility problems. A cow needs to have a calves at regular intervals to be profitable.
* Poor production. If she isn't producing enough milk to cover costs, then unfortunately she can't stay.
* Lameness. If a cow develops serious problems with her feet then it can become a welfare issue.
* Chronic mastitis. While mastitis is common and treatable, some cows develop chronic cases and needs to be removed to stem the spread.
Next: Improvements
Improvements

== Improvements ==
*Slurry handling. Automatic scraping, or at the very least regular scraping helps to prevent foot problems and mastitis outbreaks.
*Bedding. Bedding on sand greatly reduces infection.
*Cheaper and easier pregnancy testing via milk recording. You can now test a milk sample for pregnancy, making the process cheaper and quicker than alternatives (https://www.nmr.co.uk/breeding/pregnancy-testing)
*Break milking cows into 3 groups, heifers, high, mids and feed accordingly.
TODO