nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Copy pencil

== Description ==
A black or violet pencil used to make the master copy for the hectograph, or spirit, duplicating process. Copy pencils were first patented in England in 1874. They contained a water soluble binder such as gum arabic or animal glue, blended with an intense dye, like aniline or logwood. Graphite and kaolin were added for body. The ingredients were pressed into a thin shaft and surrounded with wood. Copy pencils make marks that are water-soluble and bleed when wet. For the duplication process, a reverse image was prepared using the copy pencil then the master sheet was fastened to a roller and pressed onto copy sheets that had been slightly moistened with an alcohol-based solution. A small amount of dye was transferred to the copy.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
copying pencil; aniline pencil; hectographic pencil; ink pencil; manifolding pencil; Kopierstift (Deut.); Mephisto; Mandarin
== Risks ==
* Many of the dyes are not lightfast.
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Soluble in water, acetone, ethanol, toluene, glycerol.
==Resources and Citations==
* B.Rhodes, "Copy Pencil" in Media & Techniques of Works of Art on Paper, New York University, 1999
* A Glossary of Paper Conservation Terms, Margaret Ellis (ed.), Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York City, 1998
* Website: palimpsest.standford.edu/bytopic/repro/nadeau1.html
Category:Materials database
Coquille board

== Description ==
A white drawing board embossed with a pocked or dotted finish. The textured coquille boards produce a halftone, or stippled, effect when drawn upon.
==Resources and Citations==
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Coquimbite

== Description ==
A yellowish brown to violet hydrated iron sulfate mineral. Coquimbite was named after the province of Coquimbo in Chile where it was first described in 1841.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
coquimbit; coquimbita
[[[SliderGallery rightalign| Slide4_coquimbite.PNG~XRF (MFA)|Coquimbite Raman RRUFF R060638.png~Raman (RRUFF)]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Crystal structure is massive or granular, but may occur in plates or prisms. 
* Fracture = uneven 
* Cleavage = imperfect 
* Luster = vitreous 
* Streak = white
Composition 	Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O
Mohs Hardness 	2.5
Density 	2.0-2.1 g/ml
Molecular Weight	562.02
Refractive Index	1.55; 1.557
==Resources and Citations==
* Web Minerals: Coquimbite
* Mindat at http://www.mindat.org/min-1126.html
* Website: http://labs.sci.qut.edu.au/minerals/mineral%20general%20descriptions/C/coquimbitepcd.htm
Category:Materials database
Coquina

== Description ==
Coquina is the Spanish name for shell limestone. The name is used both as a brand name and a common name for a soft porous limestone that contains of visible shell and coral fragments. Large occurrences of coquina are found in Florida where the stone was the preferred construction material when the Spainards built St. Augustine in the 1600s. The Castillo de San Marcos, a fortress built in 1672, has the claim for being the largest coquina structure in the world.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
shell limestone; coquina (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* W. Bucher, Dictionary of Building Preservation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 455
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Olympus Microscopy Resource Center at http://www.olympusmicro.com/galleries/polarizedlight/pages/coquinasmall.html (Accessed Sept. 17, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coquina (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cor-Ten

== Description ==
Originally a US Steel trademark for a type of weathering steel. First sold in 1933, the name Cor-Ten is now used generically for all weathering steels. It contains 0.2-0.5 % copper and phosphorus and it readily forms a thin, protective brown patina in outdoor environments. Cor-Ten has approximately 5 times the weather resistance of regular carbon steel.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Wetterstahl (Deut.); aço corten (Port.); weathering steel; Corten (sp)
== Risks ==
Not recommended for use as roofing or siding.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Resistant to abrasion and acid rain.
== Resources and Citations ==
U.S. Steel: Website
Category:Materials database
Cor-X

== Description ==
[Primex Plastics Corp.] A registered trademark for two types of corrugated plastic boards. Prime Cor-X (Corrugated Plastic in either Polypropylene or Polyethylene) is strong and durable, yet lightweight and versatile. Cor-X is suited for a variety of processes including but not limited to printing and fabrication.
* Prime COR-X® PE: HDPE that is extruded into a corrugated configuration that provides relatively good stiffness. The surface can be corona treated so that it will accept inks for silk screening and other types of printing. offered in gauges of 2mm to 5mm. It can be customized to meet specific applications and is also offered as a part of our ReCycled product line. Cor-X PE Datasheet
* Prime COR-X® PP: a polypropylene that is extruded into a corrugated configuration that provides good stiffness. The surface can be corona treated so that it will accept inks for silk screening and other types of printing. The flute configuration can run parallel to the extrusion direction, or they can be oscillating. Cor-X PP Datasheet
==Synonyms and related Terms==
Prime Cor-X; Cor-X PE; Cor-X PP; Cor-x; CorX
==Applications==
* Exhibition
* Making of envelopes, folders and portfolios
* Making of protective enclosures; Making of supports 
* Mounting and framing 
* Packing, storage, transport and handling
==Forms and Sizes==
* Colors: White, Blue, Black, Orange, Natural, Green, Red, Yellow, Brown, Gray, Ivory, Custom colors available upon request (minimums apply)
* Width: 2mm – 10mm
* Length: Up to 104”
==Resources and Citations==
* PrimexPlastics: Prime Cor-x
* Preserv'Art: Website
Category:Materials database Category:MWGCategory: Board/Panel, Plastic Category: Board/Panel, Corrugated
Coral

== Description ==
1) The calcium carbonate structure composed of the residual skeletons from colonies of soft-bodied marine animals of the class Anthozoa (phylum Cnidaria). Coral deposits accumulate at an average rate of about 0.5 to 2.8 cm per year to form reefs or islands in warm seas (13-15 C). Coral species are separated into hard (with skeletons) and soft (without skeletons). The hard, or calcareous group, includes: stony corals (star coral), black corals, thorny corals, horny corals (gorgonians), and blue corals. They can range in color from white, cream, red, blue, and black. Red, or precious, coral is considered the most valuable. It is obtained from the Mediterranean Sea and off the coast of Japan. Black coral can be bleached to give a 'golden' appearance. Hard corals have been used since antiquity to make jewelry, ornaments, beads, and decorative objects. The soft group of corals are bendable and only contain colonies of polyps.
2) A pale orangy pink color.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
calcium carbonate; coral (Esp., Port.); Koralle (Deut.); corail (Fr.); corallo (It.); sango matsu (Jap.); koraal (Ned.)
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
For calcareous corals:
* Semitranslucent to opaque
* Luster = waxy to vitreous
* Fracture = conchoidal to splintery to uneven (depending on species)
* Fluorescence = inert to orange under LW and SW
Mohs Hardness 	3.5
Density 	2.60-2.70 g/ml
Refractive index	1.486 - 1.658
Birefringence 	0.172
== Resources and Citations ==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: Coral. Retrieved May 26, 2003.
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 235
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Tom Rowland, Noel Riley, A-Z Guide to Cleaning, Conserving and Repairing Antiques, Constable and Co., Ltd., London, 1981
* Oppi Untracht, Jewelry Concepts and Technology, Doubleday & Co., Inc., New York City, 1985
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cord

== Description ==
A general term for a flexible string or rope of twisted fibers. Cord is made from many types of bast fibers such as cotton, jute, flax, ramie, hemp, sisal, olona, gravata, agel, widuri, caraguata, etc.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cordage; corde (Fr.);cuerda (Esp.); cordón (Esp.);; cord (stof met zware lengteribbels) (Ned); streng (Ned); band (Ned);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 236
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Cordierite

== Description ==
A strongly dichroic, transparent crystal that is occasionally used as a gemstone. Cordierite is a silicate of magnesium, aluminum, and sometimes iron. It exhibits a dark, purplish-blue color from one direction and a pale yellowish gray color when turned 90 degrees. Cordierite is thought to be the sunstone whose strong polarizing effects were used by the Vikings to navigate their boats. Gem quality stones are mined in northern Europe, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Madagascar, India, Canada, and the U.S. (Alaska, Wyoming, Connecticut). Cordierite is made synthetically at high temperatures from clay, talc, and alumina.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cordierita (Esp.); cordierite (Port.); Cordierit (Deut.); cordieriet (Ned.)
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|cordieriteRS.jpg~Raman]]]
==Physical and Chemical Properties==
* Orthorhombic crystals but usually massive with embedded grains. 
* Good cleavage in one direction. 
* Fracture = conchoidal to uneven. 
* Luster = vitreous. 
* Streak = colorless. 
* Strongly dichroic from yellowish brown to blue at 90 degrees
Composition 	(Mg, Fe)2Al4Si5O18
Mohs Hardness 	7 - 7.5
Density 	2.5-2.8 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.53; 1.55; 1.55
==Resources and Citations==
* Mineralogy Database: Cordierite
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p.794
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Robert Fournier, Illustrated Dictionary of Practical Pottery, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, PA, 1992
* R.F.Symmes, T.T.Harding, Paul Taylor, Rocks, Fossils and Gems, DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1997
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "cordierite" [Accessed December 11, 2001]. (color photo)(tech info)
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordierite (Accessed Sept. 7, 2005)
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Cordoban leather

== Description ==
Originally a soft, alum-tawed sheepskin made in Cordoba in the Middle Ages. After about the 14th century, the leather was prepared with vegetable tanning. The smooth finished leather was either white or dyed red and it became very popular for export. By the 19th century, Cordoban leather, or cordovan, was made from sheep, goat, pig skins as well as split horse hides. Currently, the term cordovan is generally used for the hind quarter section of a split horse hide. The durable skin has a fine pore texture that is polished to a waxy finish.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
cuero de Córdoba (Esp.); cuir de Cordoue (Fr.); leer uit Cordoba (Ned); cordovão (Port.); cordwain; cordovan; Spanish leather; cordobán,
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 448
* Hermann Kuhn, Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, Butterworths, London, 1986
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* American Leather Chemists Association Glossary at www.leatherchemists.org
Category:Materials database
Corduroy

== Description ==
A durable cut-pile fabric with ridges parallel to the selvage. Corduroy is usually made of cotton with a plain weave or twill weave foundation. It is used for making pants, skirts, coats, and children's play clothes. The term corduroy originated in 18th century England where it referred to the woolen fabric worn by the king.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
corded velveteen; king's cord; corde du roi (Fr.); velours côtelé (Fr.); pana (Esp.); Corduroy (koordfluweel of ripsfluweel) (Ned)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 846
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
* Edward Reich, Carlton J. Siegler, Consumer Goods: How to Know and Use Them, American Book Company, New York City, 1937
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corduroy (Accessed Oct. 18, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Coreopsis flowers

== Description ==
A yellow dye obtained from flowers of Coreopsis species plants. On wool, coreopsis produces of dark burnt orange color using a chrome mordant. The color has good lightfastness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
yellow dye flower; Coreopsis; tickweed; anteojos de poeta (Esp.); cereosside (It.)
==Resources and Citations==
* S. Grierson, The Colour Cauldron, Oliver McPherson Ltd., 1986
* A. Sugden, Longman Illustrated Dictionary of Botany, Longman York Press, 1984
* S. M. Robertson, Dyes From Plants, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1973
Category:Materials database
Corian

== Description ==
[DuPont] A registered trademark for a mineral-filled molded acrylic resin that was developed by DuPont in 1965. Corian was introduced commercially in 1971 as a solid polymer surface for bathroom countertops. Its uses have expanded to include kitchen counters, sinks, desks, moldings, outdoor furniture, windowsills, sculpture, and jewelry.
== Risks ==
* Volatile organics = 0.0% at room temperature (website).
== Additional Information ==
Corian Solid Surfaces: Website
Category:Materials database
Cork

== Description ==
1) A lightweight, elastic outer bark of the cork oak, Quercus suber, native to the Mediterranean region. Cork trees are cultivated in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. The outer bark is stripped about every 10 years. It contains 35-60% suberin, 30-33% cellulose, 27-32% lignin with small amounts of wax, [fat|fats]], and salts. Cork has been used to seal wine bottles since antiquity. It is currently used for insulation, floats, acoustical wall covering, flooring, shoe soles, gaskets, handles and bottle stoppers. 
2) An archaic term for the blue dye extracted from lichen.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
1) Quercus suber; Kork (Deut.); liège (Fr.); kurk (Ned.); cortiça (Port.); kork (Sven.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Unaffected by water, brine, dilute acids, alcohols, or oils. Attacked by concentrated mineral acids, strong alkalis and ozone.
Density = 0.10-0.25
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 238
* Mary-Lou Florian, Dale Paul Kronkright, Ruth E. Norton, The Conservation of Artifacts Made from Plant Materials, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1990
* R.D. Harley, Artists' Pigments c. 1600-1835, Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* Thomas C. Jester (ed.), Twentieth-Century Building Materials, McGraw-Hill Companies, Washington DC, 1995
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_%28material%29 (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Robert Weast (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, v. 61, 1980 Comment: density=0.22-0.26
Category:Materials database
Cork black

== Description ==
A black pigment produced by the pyrolysis of cork. Cork black is a soft, light pigment that has been used in printing inks.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
corcho negro (Esp.); nero di sughero (It.); negro de cortiça (Port.); Spanish black; vegetable black
== Resources and Citations ==
* J.Winter, "The Characterization of Pigments Based on Carbon" Studies in Conservation, 28:49-66, 1983.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 611
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Matt Roberts, Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books: a Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1982
Category:Materials database
Cork oak

== Description ==
A medium-sized evergreen oak, Quercus suber, native to the Mediterranean region. The cork oak is grown commercially for its thick, spongy bark. The cork is harvested every 10-12 years. The wood from the cork oak is too brittle for use.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Quercus suber; Korkeiche (Deut.); alcornoque(Esp.); chêne-liège (Fr.); sûrier (Fr.); kurkeik (Ned.); sobreiro (Port.); sughera (It.); quercia da sughero (It.); cork tree
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Medium sized tree growing to 20 m. 
* Bark=very thick porous, light gray with deep reddish-brown furrows. 
* Leaves = simple ovoid, dark green with wavy toothed edges. 
* Fruit=narrow acorn with loose scaly cap, maturing every year.
==Resources and Citations==
* Michael McCann, Artist Beware, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York City, 1979
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_oak (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Cork tile

== Description ==
Ground cork bark compressed into tiles for use as insulation and flooring. John Smith patented a process in 1892 using high heat and pressure to compact granulated cork into a solid cohesive tile without the addition of asphalt binders that had previously been used. Cork floor tiles were first manufactured in the 1890s in Germany and 1899 in the United States. Their use was limited, until the 1920s when they gained popularity. Cork tiles were lightweight, had good compressive strength, low thermal conductivity and good sound deadening properties. They were specifically marketed for their sound absorbing qualities as flooring in churches, libraries, schools, auditoriums, hospitals and museums. In 1941, 25,000 square feet of cork tile flooring was installed in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.(Grimmer, 1995). After World War II, cork tile manufacturers added phenolic resins and, later, urea resins for durability.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Kencork; Linotile; Corkoustic [Armstrong]
== Risks ==
* Tiles are affected by excessive moisture, sunlight, greases and oils.
==Resources and Citations==
* Anne Grimmer, "Cork Tile", in Twentieth-Century Building Materials, T. Jester (ed.), McGraw-Hill: New York, 1995.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 239
Category:Materials database
Corkboard

== Description ==
A thick, lightweight sheet compressed from ground cork particles and paper pulp. Corkboard was used in the 19th century for sound and heat insulation. 
See also cork tile.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
panneau de liège (Fr.);
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 239
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
Category:Materials database
Corkwood

== Description ==
A general name given to several lightweight porous wood of several trees native to the Caribbean trees (Anona palustris, Ochroma lagopus) and Africa (Aeschynomene Elaphroxylon). Corkwood is lightweight, buoyant, and durable. It was used for rafts.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Anona palustris; Ochroma lagopus; Aeschynomene Elaphroxylon; cork wood
==Resources and Citations==
* Dictionary of Building Preservation, Ward Bucher, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1996
* R.Gale, P.Gasson, N.Hepper, G.Killen, "Wood" , Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 334-371., 2000
Category:Materials database
Corn

== Description ==
A cereal grain (Zea mays) domesticated in the Americas. Corn is a tall plant that produces rows of edible kernels along an oblong ears growing from a thick stalk. Corn is primarily used as a food product. Extracted products include corn oil, corn syrup, cornstarch, corn flour, and ethanol (whiskey, gasoline). The stalks have been used as biomass for fuel, and as additives for acoustical tiles, while the corncobs have been carved into smoking pipes and dolls.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
maize (Br.); Zea mays; Indian corn; cornstalk; corncob; majs (Dan., Sven.); Mais (Deut.); maíz (Esp.); maïs (Fr., Ned.); mais (It.); Kukurydza zwyczajna (Pol.); milho (Port.); kukuřice (Ces.)
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Stem height = 2-3 m with nodes about every 50 cm.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize (Accessed Jan. 15, 2006)
Category:Materials database