Stuck

Stuck is a stack-based programming language written in Python by Shebang of the Code Golf SE site. It was inspired by CJam/GolfScript.
==Overview==
Stuck comes with 3 plugins: Stuck Base, Stuck Math and Stuck SciPy. If you want to use the latter, you must have numpy and scipy installed. If you do not need it, you may remove the stuck_scipy.py file from the plugins folder. You can easily create your own plugins as well, look at the format of the existing ones to see how to design your own.
Stuck supports inline parsing of integers, floats and strings. If you want to use a list or tuple (hardcoded), you must first put it in a string (surround with "s) and then use ~ (eval in Python). The only time spaces are needed is between two different number literals, i.e. 34* would fail to execute, as it would be interpreted as (empty) * 34, not 3 * 4.
The stack at the end of execution is printed implicitly, unless an explicit call to the print function was made somewhere within the program.
Basic
Command	Function 	Example
g 	Stores the top value of the stack in the variable register. 	1 2 3 g puts 3 on the variable register and 1 2 are on the stack.
G 	Pops an index off the stack, and gets the item in the variable register.	1 2 0 G with variable register 3 will leave 1 2 3 on the stack.
: 	For-each looping construct, uses string on top of stack as Stuck code. 	3 R "R" : produces* [[1], [1, 2], [1, 2, 3]]
' 	Triggers char mode, next char is interpreted as length-1 string. 	4 'a produces 4 "a".
* - R is the range function, mentioned below.
Stuck Math
Command	Function 	Example
+ 	Performs addition. 	3 4 + becomes 7.
- 	Performs subtraction. 	2 3 - becomes -1.
* 	Performs multiplication. 	6 6 * becomes 36.
/ 	Performs division. 	3 4 / becomes 0.75.
% 	Performs modulus. 	5 3 % becomes 2.
^ 	Performs power. 	2 5 ^ becomes 32.
# 	Performs square. 	4 # becomes 16.
\ 	Performs square root. 	2 \ becomes 1.41421356237.
> 	Performs greater-than comparison. 	3 2 > becomes True.
< 	Performs less-than comparison. 	4 3 < becomes False.
= 	Performs equality comparison. 	9 9 = becomes True.
{ 	Performs left bit-shift. 	2 4 { becomes 32.
} 	Performs right bit-shift. 	9 1 } becomes 4.
` 	Performs distance calculation. 	0 0 4 3 ` becomes 5.
Σ 	Performs summation. 	9 9 9 9 Σ becomes 36.
Π 	Performs reduction by multiplication.	9 9 9 9 Π becomes 6561.
! 	Performs factorial calculation. 	9 ! becomes 362880.
 	Performs absolute value calculation. 	becomes 4.
( 	Performs ceiling. 	6.2 ( becomes 7.
) 	Performs floor. 	5.5 ) becomes 5.
P 	Performs permutation calculation. 	15 4 P becomes 32760.
M 	Performs combination calculation. 	15 4 M becomes 1365.
X 	Performs Cartesian product. 	[1,2] [3,4] X becomes [(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)].*
v 	Performs primality calculation. 	661 v becomes True.
π 	Pushes pi onto the stack. 	π becomes 3.14159265359.
e 	Pushes e onto the stack. 	e becomes 2.71828182846.
* - Note that the actual program would need to look like "[1,2]" ~ "[3,4]" ~ X to work.
Stuck Base
Command	Function 	Example
i 	Input via input(). 	n/a
s 	Input via raw_input(). 	n/a
t 	Input via raw_input(), split by delimeter* and evaluated. 	n/a
y 	Pop the last element. 	2 3 1 4 y becomes 2 3 1.
, 	Pop all but the last element. 	2 3 1 4 , becomes 4.
; 	Swap the top two elements. 	4 4 5 ; becomes 4 5 4.
@ 	Rotate the elements right one place. 	1 2 3 @ becomes 3 1 2.
u 	Rotate the elements left one place. 	3 1 2 u becomes 1 2 3.
_ 	Duplicate the top element. 	1 2 3 _ becomes 1 2 3 3.
~ 	Evaluates the top element with eval(). 	"[1,2,3]" ~ becomes [1,2,3].
z 	Zips the top two lists together. 	[1,2,3] [4,5,6] z becomes [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)].
Z 	Zips the top two lists by longest. 	[1,2] [4,5,6] Z becomes [(1, 4), (2, 5), (None, 6)].
r 	Pops top value n, creates range [0,n). 	3 r becomes [0,1,2].
R 	Pops top value n, creates range [1,n]. 	3 R becomes [1,2,3].
] 	Flattens the top list element by one dimension. 	[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] ] becomes [1,2,3] [4,5,6].
[ 	Wraps all elements on the stack in a list. 	3 4 5 ] becomes [3,4,5].
m 	Maps a list by a Python lambda expression. 	[4,5,6] "x:x+2" m becomes [6,7,8].
f 	Filters a list by a Python lambda expression. 	[4,5,6] "x:x>4" f becomes [5,6].
l 	Gets the length of the top string/list. 	"This?" l becomes 5.
j 	Joins top list/stack if not list by delimiter. 	[3,4,5] "-" j becomes "3-4-5".
C 	Compresses a string via zlib. 	"Hello" C becomes "[cmpressed]".
D 	Decompresses a string via zlib. 	"[cmpressed]" becomes "Hello".
b 	If a string, encode to Base64. Otherwise, base conversion.	10 2 b becomes 1010, "Hello" b becomes "SGVsbG8=".
B 	Decode a Base64 string. 	"SGVsbG8=" B becomes "Hello".
Q 	Replace a sequence in string with new sequence. 	"Hello" "l" "yes" Q becomes "Heyesyeso".
o 	Performs run-length encoding on the top element. 	"aaabbc" o becomes [[3,'a'],[2,'b'],[1,'c']].
O 	Undoes run-length encoding using the top element. 	[[3,'a'],[2,'b'],[1,'c']] O becomes "aaabbc".
$ 	Sorts the top element. 	[3,1,5,4,2] $ becomes [1,2,3,4,5].
c 	Convert a string or char list to list of ASCII values. 	"abc" c becomes [97,98,99].
d 	Convert a list of ASCII values to a string. 	[97,98,99] d becomes "abc".
T 	Transposes the top element. 	[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] T becomes [[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]].
& 	Gets an index off the stack, returns element in list. 	[1,2,3] 2 & becomes 3.
I 	Gets item off the stack, returns its index in list. 	["a","b","c"] 'c I becomes 2.
U 	Removes all falsy elements from list. 	[1,2,0,"a","",[1,2],[],True,False] becomes [1,2,"a",[1,2],True].
* - The delimiter in this case is the | character.
Stuck SciPy
Command	Function 	Example
İ 	Calculate the inverse of a matrix on the top of the stack. 	[[1,2],[3,4]] İ becomes [[-2,1],[1.5,-0.5]].*
Ɗ 	Calculate the determinant of a matrix on the top of the stack.	[[1,2],[3,4]] Ɗ becomes -2.0.
* - Note that there may be rounding errors in this calculation (-1.9999999999999996 instead of -2).
==Examples==
===Hello, World!===
"Hello, World!"
Alternatively, a zero-byte solution will also print this.
===First 100 primes===
100R_"v":z"x:x[1]"f"0&":
or
100R"_v;0?":"x:x"f
or
100R"_v;0?":U
===First 5 tetrahedral numbers===
5R"__1+;2+Π6/p":
==External resources==
* Interpreter/Source
Category:Languages
Category:Implemented
Category:2015