nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Terry Gou

Guo Taiming or Terry Gou is a right-wing populist, a radical Chinese nationalist in Taiwan. He is called the "Donald Trump of Taiwan" because of his right-wing political leanings and from his massive wealth and influence. He joined the KMT in 2019 and held a primary within the KMT to run in the "2020 Taiwanese presidential election" before resigning. He left the KMT the same year.https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3026868/terry-gou-quits-kmt-and-could-run-taiwan-presidency-independent He strongly opposes the Taiwan independence that is pursued by the radical left-wing camp in Taiwan, and he has an ultra-conservative and pro-China political inclination. But Gou describes himself as a "pro-China conservative and" (much like his American counterpart]].https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/05/15/taiwan-election-kmt-terry-gou-foxconn-us-china/https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2506
He is also famous as the founder of Foxconn, which is notorious internationally for it’s terrible and ardent labor rights.https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44436250 On August 28th 2023, he announced that he would be running for President during the 2024 presidential elections.https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/foxconn-founder-terry-gou-announces-run-taiwan-presidency-2023-08-28/
He is anti-American due to his strong nationalist tendencies, and has made various bigoted insults towards Americans. He also often makes racist comments about Koreans. He often calls Koreans an ethnic slur, , and said that "Unlike Koreans, the Japanese don't hit the back of their heads."https://it.donga.com/26969/
==References==
Category:Anti-Korean
Category:Fascists
Category:Living people
Category:Machismo
Category:Nationalism
Category:Racists
Category:Nationalism in China
Category:Right-wing activists
Category:Taiwan
Testimonial

A testimonial, in the context of evaluating a treatment or other medical or social intervention, is the report of an individual about the success or failure of such an intervention. It is generally considered the weakest level of evidence and is very closely related to using anecdata. Testimonials used as evidence are common in the fields of woo, pseudoscience, and alternative medicine, where claims being refuted or supported are somewhat vague and difficult to test. It may also be the case that some people do not wish to have their claims evaluated in a formal analysis (probably because a formal analysis will reveal their claims to be wrong somehow interfere with their art).
Usually, the reason for studying a particular treatment is to see if it would work on others. In order to achieve this end, it is necessary to study large numbers of people (a "sample"), ideally in similar circumstances, and who do not know whether or not they are receiving the treatment, after which, one can make a valid prediction as to the effect on a similar, larger "population".
==Are testimonials always to be ignored?==
Testimonials may provide useful information, but it depends entirely on the context and the nature of the sources of the testimonials. Comments posted on an online message-board should be viewed skeptically — particularly if there's no validation of the identities of the users leaving comments. Such mediums are prone to sock puppetry and astroturfing — whereby those posting positive or negative comments do so with an agenda or with an undeclared interest. Examples of this can be found at online retailing sites, such as Amazon, where users can post reviews of books they've never read — either in support of someone with a shared ideology or as an attack against an author with whom they disagree.
On the other hand, an experience relayed by a trusted source may provide useful information, but cannot be relied upon in a formal statistical analysis. The experience of one person, while often interesting, does not allow for generalization to others. The experiences of multiple people, as in a list of testimonials, is also invalid, as this is simply a list of individual stories, and not a systematic study.
==See also==
*Double-blind testing
*Statistical analysis
*Anecdote
Category:Evaluating arguments
Texans for Better Science Education

Texans for Better Science Education is a misleadingly-named creationist organization that wants students in Texas to learn their "both sides" of the debate between creationism and the theory of evolution.http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/us/04evolution.html Their websitehttp://www.strengthsandweaknesses.org/ lists apparent "weaknesses" of the theory of evolution (many of which sound suspiciously like creationist arguments), but does not list any of evolutionary theory's strengths (or creationism's multiple weaknesses).
Their work is challenged by Texan Citizens for Science.http://www.texscience.org/
==Obligatory debunk==
===Origin of Life Weaknesses===
To quote 
But, since you bring it up...
===Fossil Record Weaknesses===
===Presently Observed Nature Weaknesses===
Why creationists and conservatives can't figure out adjectives (nature vs. natural, Democrat vs. Democratic, etc.) is beyond me...
===General practice to avoid misunderstanding===
===Actual strengths of creationism===
==See also==
*Texas Board of Education
==References==
==Notes==
Category:Creationist organizations
Category:Misnomers
Category:Refutations
Category:Side-by-side articles
Category:Texas
Category:War on science
Texas Citizens for Science

Texas Citizens for Science is a citizens' group which was established to monitor the Texas State Board of Education's work on textbook standards for Texas public schools. In particular, this group opposes the efforts of Discovery Institute (DI) and several of its supporters on the board to insert intelligent design (ID) in the textbooks under the guise of "correcting errors" (Teach the controversy). This organization has a variety of information on their website and a newsletter. Recently, they were able to catch an ex parte attempt of one of the board members (Don McLeroy) to intimidate publishers into including ID materials in textbooks, despite a vote and the decision of the entire board not to include the bullshit material.
The work of this group is important beyond the scope of Texas, as Texas is a large purchaser of textbooks, and textbook publishers are likely to sell books - once approved for use in Texas - in other states. In working to prevent the Discovery Institute from inserting intelligent design into Texas books, they are helping everyone get pseudoscience out of science books elsewhere.
==External links==
*Texas Citizens for Science
Category:EvoWiki ports
Category:Texas
Texas v. Johnson

__NOTOC__
Texas v. Johnson was a 1989 US Supreme Court case in which the Court determined that desecration of the American flag, even including burning, was a form of protected symbolic speech.Marc Leepson. 5 Myths About the American Flag. AARP. 2011 June 30. This invalidated prohibitions against flag desecration that were enforced in a whopping 48 states.Texas v. Johnson (1989) Bill of Rights Institute.
==Facts of the case==
As part of a protest against the Reagan administration, Gregory Lee ("Joey") Johnson, outside the Republican National Convention in Dallas, doused an American flag in kerosene and lit that fucker up. Other demonstrators present chanted "America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you."Background summary & questions Street Law Inc. Landmark Cases While no violence occurred, many witnesses were highly offended, and one man retrieved the flag's remains and buried them in his backyard according to military protocol.Jan Jarvis, "Humble man gained national attention for burying flag that had been set on fire at protest"". Fort Worth Star-Telegram, September 16, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
Johnson was later charged with desecration of a venerated object by Texas courts, fined $2,000, and sentenced to a year in prison.Texas v. Johnson Oyez. After the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the decision, the case made its way to the Supreme Court.
==Decision of the Court==
Johnson's appeal was based on the idea that his actions were "symbolic speech" and thus protected by the First Amendment. In a controversial 5-4 decision, the Court, including Chief Justice Brennan agreed with Johnson and overturned his sentence. The majority decision noted that protecting freedom of speech often means defending actions and words that society finds offensive and that general outrage is not strong enough reason to suppress speech.Facts and Case Summary - Texas v. Johnson United States Courts. Both dissents to the case cited the American flag as a uniquely important symbol in American culture which justifies special protections. Justice Stevens explained that he viewed the flag as " a symbol of freedom, of equal opportunity, of religious tolerance, and of good will for other peoples who share our aspirations. ... The value of the flag as a symbol cannot be measured."Johnson, 491 U.S. at 437 (Stevens, J., dissenting). 
==See also==
*Flag police
*Revolutionary Communist Party (US) — Johnson was a member at the time of the flag burning
==External links==
*Supreme Court of the United States Texas v. Johnson
*Without free speech, this island seethes with resentment UK citizens do not have the same freedom at least their freedom can be restricted. 
*Flag-burning law plan criticised They tried unsuccessfully to introduce a law in the UK in 2007. Will they try again?
==References==
Category:Constitutional law
Category:Freedom of speech
Category:Law
Category:Texas
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Textualism

Textualism is a legal theory that courts in the United States should rely on the plain meaning of the words in the Constitution and in other laws. Where the text does not support the interpretation, the interpretation necessarily fails. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia is was a prominent textualist. For an example of his view, see Zuni v Dept. of Education, where there appeared to be a difference between the intent of a statute and its plain meaning.
A type of "textualism" is "meta-textualism." This method of interpretation suggests that all phrases in the Constitution are related and should be interpreted as such. An example of a meta-textual interpretation would hold it erroneous that while the enforcement clause of the Thirteenth Amendment is read broadly, the enforcement clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is read narrowly, despite their grammatical similarities. Meta-textualism would read the two as equivalent.
Other times, textualism is just a smokescreen for doing what the judge wants to do, such as for Supreme Court Samuel Alito, who wrote:Bostock v. Clayton Count Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
But Alito subsequently ruled against parts of the Voting Rights Act "like a pirate ship" (in his words) in a non-textualist interpretation.The Supreme Court showcased its ‘textualist’ double standard on voting rights by Nicholas Stephanopoulos (July 1, 2021 at 4:28 p.m. PDT) The Washington Post.
The contrasting school of thought to textualism is "purposivism", which (to oversimplify) claims that judges need to "read between the lines" and consider the apparent purpose of the statute to correctly figure out what a statute means.
==Do what I say, not what I meant==
Textualism is vulnerable to the gradual shift in the meaning of words which is the fate of all living languages. For instance, a century ago in the English language, one definition of "worship" referred to indistinct forms of deference owed to authorities such as judges or lords, such that there even existed "Your Worship" as a term of respect. More recently, the broader definition has faded, and the word has come to mean exclusively the adoration reserved solely to a deity. If the word had been included in the Constitution, then a textualist would be forced to offer worship as it is currently formulated to human beings.
And in a case of one hand giving while the other hand takes away, textualism eliminates the liberal judicial activism which discovered a woman's right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade, but it also eliminates the conservative judicial activism which asserted the state, not the immediate family, had a right to determine the fate of Terri Schiavo.
==References==
Category:Deceit
Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mbeki is a South African politician who served as the second President of post-apartheid South Africa after Nelson Mandela. During his time in office, he became one of the world's most powerful critics of the scientific consensus that HIV causes AIDS. His administration appointed denialists to serve in government positions as consultants and on academic advisory panels. His health ministry adopted policies denying AIDS patients access to anti-retroviral drugs that Mbeki described as "poisons". Instead, his appointed health minister promoted the use of herbal medicine to treat AIDS.
Predictably, in a country where one out of every six adults is HIV-positive, Mbeki's policies had catastrophic effects, leading to the preventable deaths of possibly hundreds of thousands of people from AIDS.
==References==
Category:HIV/AIDS
Category:African politicians
Category:Alternative medicine promoters
Category:Government incompetence
Category:Social democrats
Category:Living people
Category:Pseudoscience promoters
Category:South Africa
Thallus

In the ninth century a Byzantine writer named George Syncellus referenced a third-century Christian historian named Julius Africanus, who referenced an unknown writer named Thallus (unknown lifespan, active in 2nd century CE) on the darkness at the crucifixion:
All of the works of Africanus are lost, so there is no way to confirm the reference or to examine its context. We have no idea who Thallus was, or when he wrote.
Eusebius (fourth century) says 
Based on the Armenian translation of Eusebius (which preserves references not in the Greek version) one of his sources was ‘three volumes of Thallus, in which he made a summary in abbreviated fashion from the sack of Troy (1184 BCE) to the 167th Olympiad (which ended in July, 109 BCE)’. But to get this to fit the Jesus story one has to conclude the numerals in the Armenian translation are corrupt, with many scholars claiming that the 167th Olympiad should really be either the 207th Olympiad (ending in July, 52 CE) or the 217th Olympiad (which ended in July, 92 CE).For Olympiad calendar references, see The 167th Olympiad, The 207th Olympiad and The 217th Olympiad
There is no historical evidence of an eclipse during the time Jesus was supposedly crucified (the reason Africanus doubted the eclipse is because Easter happens near the full moon and a solar eclipse would have been impossible at that time, as was well-known). Moreover Bithynia is some 600 miles from Jerusalem, which, based on a 2016 earthquake in Alaska,Quinn, Steven (Jan 25, 2016) "Major earthquake in southern Alaska felt for hundreds of miles" Rueters would have to have been 7.1 or higher to be felt in Jerusalem.
In a scholarly work Carrier concluded "The curtness and brevity of this line is also what would be expected from a treatise that covered the history of the entire world over the enormous course of twelve centuries in only three scrolls. Whereas, by contrast, refutation of claims made in the literature of obscure cults is what would not be expected from such a treatise, there being neither room nor purpose for such a thing. Therefore the Histories of Thallus probably contained no such thing. And from the evidence of Eusebius, we can be virtually certain that it did not. Therefore Thallus should be removed from lists of writers attesting to Jesus, and Thallus’s most probable floruit should be revised to the middle to late second century."Carrier, Richard (2011–12) "Thallus and the Darkness at Christ's Death" Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism 8 (2011–12) 185-91
==See also==
*Evidence for the historical existence of Jesus Christ
*Josephus
*Tacitus
*Pliny the Younger
*Suetonius
*Phlegon
*Lucian
*Hadrian
*Serapion
==External links==
*
==References==
Category:Historians
Category:Jesus
Category:Romans
The Advancement of Sound Science Center

The Advancement of Sound Science Center (formerly The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, abbr. TASSC or The ASS Center) is an asstroturf lobby group that promotes cigarette butts, originally funded by tobacco company Philip Morris and APCO to fight smoking regulations. It is now focused primarily on replacing facts about smoking, pesticides, and climate change with their so-called "sound science" to protect the tobacco's industry long and deep bottom-line. It is run by Steve Milloy. Although he claims that he has "not lobb[ied] for ANYONE" (no emphasis added), a 1994 Philip Morris memo listed TASSC among its "Tools to Affect Legislative Decisions".1994 TASSC document
==Known tools to affect legislative decisions==
*Steve Milloy, who runs the website Junk Science and shows up on Fox News every once in a while as their resident "Junk Science" Expert. He is also an anti-environmentalist (surprise, surprise). He popularized the term "junk science" to describe inconvenient facts, and "sound science" to describe convenient lies.
*Michael Fumento, Stevie's BFF, an attorney who denies the importance of second-hand smoke, climate change, AIDS, SARS, swine flu, and the possibility of an avian flu epidemic.
*Mickey Edwards, former Republican congressman (former congressman, that is, not former Republican). He's known mostly for his part in the .
*Frederick Seitz, all-round expert for hire climate change denier who sat on the scientific advisory board until his death in 2008.
*S. Fred Singer, like Seitz a proliferous expert for hire, was a scientific advisor to TASSC.Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. Merchants of Doubt. Bloomsbury Press, 2011. ISBN 1-608-19394-2, p. 151. Fumento and Seitz are listed here right alongside Singer, btw.
==See also==
*Sound science
==External links==
*TASSC website (via archive.org)
*SourceWatch entry
==References==
Category:Misnomers
Category:Right-wing activists
The Ant

The Ant is the twenty-seventh surah of the Qur'an. It is notable largely for a weird bit in which King Solomon claims to "have been taught the language of birds" and forms armies of men, jinn and birds; he then comes across some ants, and "an ant exclaimed: O ants! Enter your dwellings lest Solomon and his armies crush you, unperceiving." Shortly afterwards Solomon turns to the birds in his army and asks "How is it that I see not the hoopoe, or is he among the absent? I verily will punish him with hard punishment or I verily will slay him, or he verily shall bring me a plain excuse." The hoopoe turns up on cue, however. Phew!
There's also some condemnation of homosexuality. "And Lot! when he said unto his folk: Will ye commit abomination knowingly? Must ye needs lust after men instead of women?... Then We saved him and his household save his wife; We destined her to be of those who stayed behind. And We rained a rain upon them. Dreadful is the rain of those who have been warned." (Quran 27:55)
==See also==
*RationalWiki:Annotated Qur'an ()
*Qur'an
*Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge
*Qur'anic scientific errors
*Qur'anic contradictions
*List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an
Category:Homophobia
Category:Suras
Category:Purity culture
The Astonishing Hypothesis

The Astonishing Hypothesis is a book authored by scientist Francis Crick, one of the Nobel Prize-winning co-discoverers of the molecular structure of DNA. It attempts to place the study of human consciousness, a topic traditionally left to the realms of religion and philosophy, firmly within the domain of observable, testable science. 
In the book, Crick posits that the mental activities often attributed to the soul are the result of the behavior of brain cells and the atoms, ions, and molecules that they are composed of. Crick's argument is that the outdated conception of a non-material soul must be replaced with an understanding of how consciousness is created through the processes of a very physical brain.
Less astonishing than Crick's hypothesis are the vast numbers of people who would be upset with the notion that humans and all of their associated thoughts, feelings, and experiences are little more than the products of a bunch of atoms bouncing around. However, the book remains a bit too dry and sciencey to have made it firmly into the realm of pop-science, so many of the people who would take issue with its message have likely never heard of it, or would not understand it if they tried to read it.
==See also==
*Materialism
*Methodological naturalism
*Non-materialist neuroscience
category:books
category:science
category:biochemistry
The Atheist Afterlife

The Atheist Afterlife: The odds of an afterlife - Reasonable. The odds of meeting God there - Nil () is a book on life after death written by philosopher David Staume and published by Agio Publishing House in 2009.
==Author==
Staume is a philosopher, atheist, secular humanist and public speaker. He also claims to be a member of rationalist and freethinking associations.
==Overview==
 
Staume makes the bizarre claim that the survival of consciousness after death is somehow compatible with the law of conservation of energy and is consistent with the laws of physics. He does this via for the largely discredited idea of mind-body dualism. He writes that "If an afterlife exists, it must be an externalised inner reality. This is the only rational and possible context of life after death".Staume (2009) p. 29 According to Staume the afterlife will be the same as a dream experience while we're actually dreaming it.
He compares the afterlife with dreaming: "If an afterlife exists, it would be the same as the dream state, with three qualifications: we won't be waking up in the morning; it would be as real as our life is now; and it would correlate with the actual dream experience, rather than remembered dream experience".Staume (2009) p. 32 He writes that the afterlife is controlled by thoughts and feelings, for example totally new objects and scenes in the afterlife are created via imagination and thought processes.
While there is no manual stating what self-identified atheists should or should not believe, it seems likely that the majority would not be in agreement with Mr Staume.
==Other works==
Mr Staume has also written the somewhat remarkably-titled "The Beginner's Guide to Sex in the Afterlife: An Exploration of the Extraordinary Potential of Sexual Energy".The Beginner's Guide to Sex in the Afterlife - which may - or may not - improve his credibility.
==References==
Category:Afterlife
Category:Atheism
Category:Books
Category:Religious books