nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Gender expression

Gender expression is the manner in which individuals perform their gender roles. That is to say, an individual may identify as a particular gender, but that individual may express that gender in various ways.
For instance, Chuck Norris and Michael Moore are both male, and to the best of anyone's knowledge, both unquestionably identify as male. However, both express this gender far differently from each other, although there are commonalities between the two. Again, both Norris and Moore express their gender in a much different way from a drag queen, even though all three identify as male.
Judith Butler, in their book Gender Trouble, stated "There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender; ... identity is performatively constituted by the very "expressions" that are said to be its results." This strongly suggests that what we perceive as gender has little direct attachment to the deeper gender identity of the individual. Many of our expressions of gender are culturally based performances, according to Butler, and while many take these for granted as part of the natural gender, in fact they are overlaid on gender and not truly connected. 
An example of this cultural difference is the longstanding assumption in Western culture that males are better at math and hard sciences than the arts-oriented females. Neither is based very closely on actual test results, and are in fact cultural assumptions based on gender. Individuals may live up to these expectations precisely because they are part of the expected performance of their gender roles, rather than anything inherent in gender itself.
Persons who do not have a gender expression conforming with sex assigned at birth tend to receive copious amounts of discrimination. This can either be discrimination in its own right or transphobia, depending on whether the person has a cisgender gender identity or no.
Category:Anthropology
Category:Culture
Category:Sexuality
Category:Human rights
Category:Gender
Category:Social justice
Gene-centered view of evolution

The gene-centered view of evolution is the idea that natural selection acts on individual genes via their phenotypes, thus segregating the most proficient genes for propagation.
==Wha?!?==
The "old world" view of Darwinian natural selection is that the fittest organisms are punched through, with little explanation as to why or how (other than they are the most useful/best adapted). The problem with this theory is that offspring are often as different as unrelated members of the species. The gene-centered view of evolution attempts to resolve the mystery as to why some alleles make it while others don't by looking at the segregation of genes</U> over time. There is a rowers analogy that one can use to understand this concept, but it is best taken head-on. 
==Attempt of explanation==
Rather than look at the organism as a whole, this view holds that it is better to look at the benefit of each gene individually. This view also holds that the best genes will segregate by virtue of natural selection, thus creating the best organism for the conglomeration of genes provided. As lesser genes die off and are taken over by the fittest, the organism, as a whole, becomes more fit for survival.
==Sociality==
The gene-centered view of evolution arose in part out of attempts to explain the evolution of altruism and sociality among various animals including humans. Nothing in Darwin's original hypotheses about natural and sexual selection explains, for example, why worker bees would die defending the hive. The fact that the bees are sisters or half-sisters born of the same queen means that each bee in the hive shares most of her genes with her sister bees. One approach is the gene-centered view. The altruistic behavior of the bees does the individual insect no good, but allows the genetic lineage to continue.
==See also==
*Richard Dawkins
Category:Evolution
Gene Scott

William Eugene "Gene" Scott (1929–2005) was a radio evangelist and televangelist who set up shop in the old United Artists theater in downtown Los Angeles, California, which he redubbed the University Cathedral, and is best known for cluttering up the religious airwaves 24/7 with his sermons and heavy-handed fundraising.
His trademark line was to stop in the middle of one of his deadpan sermons and say "Get on the telephone!", and start broadcasting rock & roll music while he caught his breath, which was a signal to his audience to call and pledge donations (which came in to the tune of over $1 million a month). Attendance at University Cathedral church services required a ticket to get in. On occasion he would smoke a cigar at the pulpit. More often he would berate his audience for not going to the telephone to pledge money when he ordered them to.The Shock Jock of Televangelism : With Savvy Philanthropy and an In-Your-Face Style, Dr. Gene Scott Has Generated a Lavish Lifestyle, Powerful Friends in Los Angeles and a Fiercely Loyal Global Following Glenn F. Bunting. Los Angles Times, July 1994 His TV show was the subject of Werner Herzog's 1980 documentary film God's Angry Man that depicts Gene Scott ranting against the Federal Communications Commission and refusing to speak unless his viewers pledge another $600.
He was big into charitable activity such as making large donations to support the Los Angeles Public Library and the Rose Bowl Aquatic Center, which led to speculation that he was trying to buy favor with the Los Angeles city government (à la Jim Jones, who had done the same thing in San Francisco before taking his cult off to Guyana).Gene Scott -- television preacher and philanthropist Larry B. Stammer, SFGate, February 2005 Not that Gene Scott was in any way another Jim Jones, but he did creep a lot of people out with his oddball style. Diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2000, he refused conventional treatment (opting instead for herbal supplements and relying on God to heal him) and it eventually took his life (oopsie!). Reruns of his sermons are still all over the religious airwaves and on the many radio stations which his ministry bought with its donations, though attendance and viewership has dropped considerably since his widow, former porn star Melissa Scott, has taken over.The Preacher's Unholy Past: Pastor Melissa Scott presides over a televangelist empire. Hard to believe that she was once a triple-X plaything known as Barbie Bridges. Gretchen Voss uncovers the true story behind Scott's divine reinvention. Gretchen Voss, Marie Claire, April 2009.Pastor Melissa Scott, Porn Star Lorette C. Luzajic. Patheos, May 2009
==Cultural influence==
His voice has been sampled into the Cabaret Voltaire track Sluggin' for Jesus.Dr. Gene Scott, RIP Sary Gordon, PR Newswire, February 2005
==Not to be confused with==
* the sane Eugenie Scott
* the equally batshit but for different reasons Gene Ray
==References==
Category:California
Category:Radio
Category:Shortwave radio
Category:Televangelists
Gene flow

Gene flow, also known as gene migration, occurs when alleles migrate or flow between one population to another. This is a mechanism by which new variants can be added to otherwise limited gene pools. Gene flow can decrease overall genetic diversity and variation between two separated populations (the primary means by which speciation can occur), but it can act as a mechanism for evolutionary change.
Gene flow is common in plants that fertilise by pollen, which is spread long distances via wind, animals or insects. Barriers that prevent these mechanisms from occurring can limit gene flow and contribute to the separation of populations, increasing their genetic diversity. For example, some species of plants either side of the Great Wall of China are shown to have increased genetic variation because gene flow between them is impeded by the wall. Other plant species that primarily pollinate by the wind exhibit less variation as the Great Wall doesn't act as much of a barrier for that mechanism.
==Gene flow in humans==
Gene flow in humans occurs when someone with differing genes breeds into a population. This leads to their genes being added to the collective gene pool.
Category:Evolution
Category:Genetics
Generalização precipitada

A Generalização precipitada é uma falácia lógica que ocorre quando uma conclusão sobre um grupo é tirada de uma amostra não representativa, especialmente uma amostra muito pequena ou muito estreita. É o oposto da indução preguiçosa.
A falácia é uma falácia de imprecisão e uma falácia informal.
==Nomes alternativos==
* argumento por generalização
* argumento/estatística de números pequenos
* generalização falha
* conclusão precipitada
* generalização precipitada
* generalização indutiva
* amostra insuficiente
* estatísticas insuficientes
* falácia do fato solitário
* supergeneralização
* amostra não representativa
==Formato de apresentação==
==Exemplos==
===Tamanho de amostra limitado===
:Três idosos morreram após receber a vacina contra a gripe suína em 1976.
:As vacinas são ruins para você.
O que não se afirma é que 48.161.019 pessoas foram imunizadas, apenas 532 tiveram alguma reação negativa após a vacinação (0,001%). Eventualmente, 25 pessoas tiveram reações fatais da síndrome de Guillain-Barré, que era uma reação desconhecida a uma vacina relativamente nova na época. Em contraste, estima-se que pelo menos 50 milhões (as estimativas mais altas apontam para cerca de 100 milhões) de pessoas morreram devido à epidemia de gripe suína de 1918.
===Amostras não-representativas===
:Tem havido uma série de escândalos envolvendo empresas financeiras que cometem fraudes.
:Todas as empresas financeiras e trabalhadores são ladrões roubando dinheiro da sociedade.
Faz parte da Falácia do holofote apresentar uma "amostra", que é frequentemente utilizada por teóricos da conspiração econômica.
A estereotipagem é um tipo de supergeneralização baseado em características mantidas por uma única pessoa ou uma pequena seleção de indivíduos. Por exemplo: demonização e besteiras usadas por racistas e fanáticos. Por exemplo:
* é uma gangue criminosa ultraviolenta da América Central. O DAESH é uma organização terrorista muçulmana sunita.
* A besteira de que "nem todos os terroristas são muçulmanos, mas todos os muçulmanos são terroristas".
* Todos os latinos são membros de gangues violentas.
==Ver também==
*Evidência suprimida
==Ligações externas==
*
*
*Generalização apressada
*Falácias Informais: generalização precipitada e amostra não representativa
*Generalização apressada
Category:Vieses cognitivos
Category:Falácias de imprecisão
Category:Estatística
Category:Português
Generation America

Generation America (Gen A) is a right wing astroturf organization that bills itself as a trustworthy alternative to the AARP. It was founded in 2009 as a way of exploiting feeding off the fears of serving members of the Tea Party movement who without a shred of irony — or seemingly without a scintilla of insight — were seen marching with protest signs that read "Keep your government hands off my Medicare."Cesca, Bob. "Keep Your Goddamn Hands Off My Medicare!", Huffington Post, posted 5 August 2009, accessed 17 April 2012.
Gen A advocates for the typical buzzword bullet points:
* Small Government
* Free Enterprise Solutions
* Personal Freedom
Gen A is operated by Generation American Voice -- or maybe it's the other way around. It really isn't clear which begat which. Gen A-Voice also advocates for a broader slate of bullet point causes:
* Repeal of Obamacare
* Promotion of American exceptionalism
* Defeat of cap and trade legislation
* Make the Bush tax cuts permanent
As a come-on to prospective members, Gen A offers many services offered by AARP, such as insurance and membership discounts.
Gen A tends to limit its advertising to conservative talk radio and magazines. Otherwise, its actions and advocacy is mostly off-the-radar. Its website lists three corporate officers:
*Michael Young – Chairman
*Tim Young – Board Member
*Patrick Boykin – Board Member and Executive Director
There is very little analysis of Gen A available on the internet. Even Wikipedia has no article on Gen A or Gen A-Voice.
==External links==
* Gen A homepage
* Gen A-Voice homepage
* A commentator known for his thoughtful, well-reasoned arguments discusses his support of Gen A
==References==
Category:Right-wing activists
Generation Rescue

Generation Rescue is a not-for-profit (or for sanity/safety) anti-vaccine organization, run by anti-vaccine nut-for-profit Jenny McCarthy. According to their website, they are:
Contrary to their beliefs, enough evidence suggests they only decrease quality of life by turning people away from evidence based medicine.Respectful Insolence: More evidence that anti-vaccine beliefs kill 30 December 2009E. J. Gangarossa et al. "Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: the untold story". Lancet 1998 Trying to get rid of a lifelong and predominantly genetic condition through pseudoscientific means isn't going to improve anyone's quality of life—and exposing kids to unverified or potentially lethal procedures is pretty darn awful.
While Generation Rescue isn't good at helping autistic people, it's very profitable for its higher-up supporters. Past actions include:Jenny McCarthy's Autism Charity Has Helped Its Board Members Make Money Off Dangerous, Discredited Ideas
# Selling hyperbaric oxygen chambers and B12 lollipops, which are owned by past board members
# Peddling a foot bath owned by a corporate sponsor without disclosing the sponsorship
# Paying executive director Candace McDonald over $100,000 per year for at least 3 years in fees
They bear no relation to Operation Rescue, the extreme anti-abortion group.
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Misnomers
Category:Autism woo
Genesis Park

Genesis Park despite its name, is not a park, but a website. A dinosaur-themed creationist website.As if we needed one more…
Their motto? "Dinosaurs: living evidence of a powerful Creator." Yeah, dinosaurs are all right. Should the dinosaurs ever be successfully captured, we advise not angering your chief programmer.Crichton, Michael Jurassic Park Like most other Creationist sites, Genesis Park is rather short on scientific fact, rather long on biblical interpretation, and rather condescending to the "Science" community at large, reinforcing the meme that scientists are trying to get God out of our lives.
Like all good non-virtual theme parks, there is a store where you can buy creationist material. We guess God needs money, too.
==The well-trodden arguments==
*Here there be dragons - seriously. Every reference to a "dragon" in mythology is taken to be proof that dinos and man co-existed.
*The Loch Ness Monster is really a plesiosaur. We know, 'cause we have a doctored picture of it. By the way, that picture of the Chinese "monster" that most of the world thinks is a hoax or a whale - it's not. It's another plesiosaur.
*Alligators were found with dinos. Therefore science is dumb, 'cause alligators live today. Ohhh, Ahhh... top that, you Darwinists, you.
*Carbon-14 dating proves dinosaur bones are young.Carbon-14 Dating of Dinosaur Bones This is another common creationist argument based on a misunderstanding of the complexites of physics and geology; see our page Carbon dating.
*Out-of-place artifacts which must have been put there by the Biblical flood.http://www.genesispark.com/exhibits/evidence/paleontological/artifacts/ Or pranksters or fraudsters, or like the London Hammer left underground by miners.
==See also==
*Creationism
*Human-dinosaur coexistence
==External links==
*Genesis Park
==Notes==
==References==
Category:Websites
Category:Dinosaurs
Category:Cryptozoology
Genetic drift

Genetic drift is the change in frequency of a neutral allele in a population over time due to statistical effects. 
Traits held by a smaller number of individuals within the population tend to be removed from the population, while traits of the majority tend to become fixed among all members of the population. In this way genetic drift counters the increase in genetic diversity caused by mutation. Genetic drift occurs within all populations, although it is more pronounced in small, isolated populations. However, since the number of new mutations increases linearly with population size, the number of total new mutations that are eventually fixed by genetic drift is independent of the number of individuals and is proportional to the mutation rate. This constant fixation of neutral mutations by genetic drift, also known as the molecular clock, can thus be used to reconstruct the time at which two related populations became reproductively isolated from each other. 
Category:Genetics
Category:Evolution
Genetic fallacy

A genetic fallacy is a logical fallacy that occurs when a claim is accepted or rejected based on the irrelevant source of the evidence, rather than on the quality or applicability of the evidence.https://iep.utm.edu/fallacy/#Genetic It is also a line of reasoning in which a perceived defect in the origin of a claim or thing is taken to be evidence that discredits the claim or thing itself. The fallacy is committed when an idea is either accepted or rejected because of its source, rather than its merit.
==Form==
Most common:
Less common (except on the Internet, where it is more common):
"Second-option bias" form:
Claim-maker is smart/intellectual:
This obviously ignores the possibility that X is abusing his intellect to lie.
==Exceptions==
===Bayesian===
The genetic fallacy is a logical fallacy but is frequently not a Bayesian one: some sources are so consistently full of it that pointing this out reasonably constitutes a refutation for all practical purposes (e.g., Scopie's law). If something is bullshit 99.9% of the time, it may not be worth investigating — especially when there are more trustworthy sources or pressing issues available.
Example: If Andrew Wakefield were to write a paper on anything, it can be easily dismissed.
===Extreme distortion of reality===
This exception mostly only can apply to Holocaust deniers and Stalin apologists. To deny the Holocaust or Stalin's purges requires dismissing overwhelming proof in favor of personal ideology, such that everything a Holocaust denier or tankie would say is probably filtered through a completely distorted view of reality. Someone believing in multiple conspiracy theories or a unified conspiracy theory is also likely to have a completely distorted view of reality.
Being "pro-life", an anti-vaxxer, member of PETA or global warming denialist, or even someone on the alt-right who isn't a Holocaust denier, is not grounds for dismissing that person out of hand for having an extremely distorted view on reality. It’s important to avoid doing so anyway, because fundamentalists use precisely the same reasoning to dismiss any argument by those outside their religion, since they believe the truth of their religion is self-evident and obvious to everyone. Overuse of this exception can lead one into the fallacy of opposition.
==Examples==
===Aristotle===
===David Icke===
===Miscellaneous===
* "I was brought up to believe in a god, my parents told me a god exists, and my parents would never lie to me, so this god must exist."
* "Sure, the media claims that Senator Wales was watching pornography, but we all know about the media's credibility, don't we?"
===Comic===
==External links==
*The Genetic Fallacy, Fallacy Files
*Genetic, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
*Genetic Fallacy, Atheism/Agnosticism About.com
*Your logical fallacy is genetic, YLFI
==References==
Genetic hitchhiking

Genetic hitchhiking also known as genetic draft is the process by which an allele may increase in frequency by virtue of being linked to a gene that is positively selected. In general, genetic hitchhiking can refer to changes in an allele's frequency due to any form of selection operating upon linked genes, including background selection against deleterious mutations.
==External links==
*Genetic hitchhiking by N. H. Barton
*Genetic Hitchhiking: A New Factor in Evolution? by Philip W. Hedrick
Category:Evolution
Category:Genetics
Genocide conspiracy

A genocide conspiracy is a conspiracy theory that alleges that one or more races, religions, or ethnic groups are being subjected to a secret genocide. The most common belief is that a race war has already started, but is being carried out by covert means (often through government programs hiding some secret agenda). These ideas are the product of a gigantic persecution complex. The ones that gain the most media coverage are neo-fascists.
A conspiracy by the Jews of the world is a common theme, usually based in Evil Jew stereotypes and recycled material from The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion.
==Ends==
===Omnicide===
When the government decides, "Hey, people aren't that important for the existence of a government! Let's kill 95% of them, worldwide".
===White genocide===
Contrary to what you may see in YouTube comments, there is not, in fact, an active campaign to end white lives in Western nations.
===Black genocide===
Atrociously idiotic, just as the white genocide conspiracy.
===Hindu genocide===
==Means==
The world's finest selection of final solutions.
===Race war===
A feverish conspiracy dream for a war where the team colors don't require uniforms.
===Mass immigration===
Don't like your country's populace? Switch 'em out for a new one!
===Love jihad===
===Miscellaneous===
*They're sterilizing us with GMOs!
*They're sterilizing us with vaccines!
*They're sterilizing us with chemtrails!
*They're rounding 'em up at the FEMA concentration camps!
*They're loading 'em onto black helicopters and taking 'em to black sites!
*They're taking your guns so they can do what they did to the Jews!
==External links==
*David Lane, author of works such as the "White Genocide Manifesto"
*Sharon Parsons, William Simmons, Frankie Shinhoster, John Kilburn. A Test of the Grapevine: An empirical examination of conspiracy theories among African-Americans. Sociological Spectrum, Volume 19, Issue 2, 1999.
==References==
Category:Racism
Category:Conspiracy theories
Category:Genocide