nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Graham and Dodd Scroll Award

Graham and Dodd Scroll Awards are awarded by the Financial Analysts Journal's (FAJ) Advisory Council and Editorial Board in recognition of excellence in research and financial writing. 
The FAJ is published six times a year by CFA Institute, the worldwide association of nearly 90,000 securities analysts, portfolio managers, strategists, consultants, and other investment specialists. 
The FAJ advances the knowledge and understanding of the practice of investment management through the publication of high-quality, practitioner-relevant research. The Graham and Dodd Awards were established in 1960 to recognize excellence in financial writing and to honor Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd for their enduring contributions to the field of financial analysis.
== References ==
Category:Awards
Grain elevator

A grain elevator is a building used to store grain and prepare it for eventual shipment. It is usually a tall frame, metal, or concrete structure with compartments inside, or it can be an interconnected series of buildings. It can also mean the device for loading grain into a building. A grain storage facility on a farm is usually called the granary. 
They are often located near railroad lines. Until the 1930s, most grain elevators were owned by railroad companies. 
Modern grain elevators are powered by internal combustion engines or electric motors. 
The first grain elevators in the U.S. were constructed in the 1840s by Joseph Dart, a retail merchant in Buffalo, NY. He designed structures that could be located near shipping ports and that would take advantage of gravity to force grain through chutes into bins or trucks for easy transportation.
== References ==
Category:Grain Trading
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) of 1999 sought to modernize financial services by ending regulations that prevented the merger of banks, stock brokerage companies, and insurance companies. It effectively repealed the Glass-Steagall Act. It is also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999.
The Act was introduced in the Senate by Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX) and in the House of Representatives by Representative James Leach (R-IA). It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton at the urging of Robert Rubin, then the Secretary of the Treasury.
== Parts Of Act ==
The act includes provisions to protect consumers’ personal financial information held by financial institutions. There are three principal parts to the privacy requirements: the Financial Privacy Rule, Safeguards Rule and Pretexting provisions.
*The Financial Privacy Rule governs the collection and disclosure of customers' personal financial information by financial institutions. It also applies to companies, whether or not they are financial institutions, who receive such information.
*The Safeguards Rule requires all financial institutions to design, implement and maintain safeguards to protect customer information. The Safeguards Rule applies not only to financial institutions that collect information from their own customers, but also to financial institutions "such as credit reporting agencies" that receive customer information from other financial institutions.
*The Pretexting Provisions of the GLB Act protect consumers from individuals and companies that obtain their personal financial information under false pretenses, a practice known as "pretexting."
== References ==
Category:Legislation
Granite Asset Management

Granite Asset Management specializes in managed futures research, custom portfolio allocations and integrated portfolio monitoring. Granite was originally founded in 1998 by a group of professionals with experience in the alternative investments industry. The firm specializes in providing managed futures and hedge fund investment products to individual investors.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
Dan Stark, President ; George Shinn, Institutional Sales & Research; Peter S. Church, Director of Marketing 
== References ==
Grant Biggar

__NOTOC__ 
Grant Biggar is financial services professional.
He is the former president of Creditex, a subsidiary of the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). He was appointed by ICE to that position on January 11, 2010. He replaced John Grifonetti.
== Background ==
Biggar was previously managing director at Creditex, where he led the European and Asian businesses since joining the company in 2000. 
== Education ==
== References ==	
Category:InterContinentalExchange
Category:InterContinentalExchange - Former Employees
Gravitas

Gravitas, founded in 1996, is a provider of business consulting and technology solutions for the alternative investment and financial services industry. The firm was first called Gravitas Technology, but changed its name simply to Gravitas in 2010. 
The firm focuses on consulting, software development, systems integration and outsourcing services to hedge funds, private equity funds, brokerage firms, investment banks, traditional asset management firms and small and medium sized financial firms. The firm specializes in services such as outsourcing, co-location, disaster recovery and other technology solutions.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
* Business Consulting: operational risk and technology assessment, vendor selection and implementation, and regulatory compliance policy and procedures
* Knowledge Process Outsourcing: investment research, risk management and investor relations services
* Software Development: GT360° framework for custom dashboards and reporting, and applications integration
* Systems Integration: Design and build of networks and data centers, data center colocation, 24x7 Support, disaster recovery, project management and business continuity planning
== Key People ==
Jayesh Punater, CEO
Harold Kahn, president
== References ==
Graz Sweden AB

Graz Sweden AB is a provider of data warehouse and business intelligence software built for investment managers, insurers and banks worldwide. Graz’s flagship product, Hinc, unifies operational data to provide users with an end-to-end analytical platform for profitability analytics, business intelligence, risk management and compliance. Hinc can be installed locally or in the cloud, and promotes itself as offering low cost of ownership, as well as improved flexibility and scalability. 
== History ==
Jonas Olsson founded Graz Sweden AB as a datawarehouse and business intelligence software company in 2007 after several years building data management solutions for large financial industry companies in Sweden. The company's flagship software, Hinc, was born from a major project to improve one investment industry client's reporting capabilities.
== Products and Services ==
Hinc is a data warehouse pre-configured for financial institutions, including more than 120 banks, 12 insurance companies and Scandinavia’s largest fund management company.
== Key People ==
* Jonas Olsson, CEO 
* Chaz Shaw, Head of Sales
== References ==
Wall Street & Technology: Big Data No Replacement for the Financial Data Warehouse 
GARP: Time to Reconsider the Data Warehouse 
Buy-Side Technology: Swedbank Robur Expands Business Intelligence with Graz
Great Wall Futures Co., Ltd.

Great Wall Futures Co. is a futures brokerage firm in China.
== History ==
Great Wall is owned by Huatai Securities Co Ltd, (60.00%) and Guangdong Huafu Investment Holdings Co Ltd, (40.00%).
== Products and Services ==
The company focuses primarily on futures trading, both commodities and financial futures.
== Key People ==
*Wu Jian Dang, President
== References ==
Category:China
Category:Futures Brokerage Companies in China
Greater Chicago Food Depository

The Greater Chicago Food Depository, founded in 1979, is a nonprofit food distribution and training center that provides food for hungry people and strives to end hunger in the Cook County community. It is one of the country's largest food banks.
It operates a network of 650 pantries, soup kitchens, shelters, mobile programs, children’s programs, older adult programs and other responses that address the root causes of hunger. Most of its product donations come from more than 350 local and national food companies, grocers, foodservice organizations, produce markets and growers that send food to the organization that might otherwise go to waste. The food bank gets about $80 million a year in cash, in-kind contributions and grants. Roughly 700 food drives are sponsored each year by local business, professional and community organizations, schools and churches. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Membership ==
== Key People ==
*Kate Maehr, CEO
*Dennis James, Chief Financial Officer
== References ==
Green-e

Green-e is an independent certification and verification program for renewable energy and greenhouse gas emission reductions in the retail market. It has three certification programs.
Green-e Climate is a voluntary certification program launched in 2007 that sets consumer-protection and environmental-integrity standards for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions sold in the voluntary market. 
Green-e Energy is the independent certification and verification program for renewable energy. Green-e Marketplace is a program that allows companies to display the logo when they have purchased a qualifying amount of renewable energy and passed our verification standards.
Green-e Energy and Green-e Climate are governed by an independent board called The Green-e Governance Board. The Center for Resource Solutions serves as the program administrator.. 
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Category:Environmental Markets
Green Exchange PBC

Green Exchange PBC is a community of businesses committed to environmental sustainability, profit & positive social impact. Based in Chicago, it is backed by a consortium of environmentally oriented investors.
A LEED Platinum certified redevelopment project, the Green Exchange was once an empty and deteriorating former factory. The building has been completely renovated and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Chicago Landmark.
== History ==
The Chicago building now known as Green Exchange was originally constructed in 1913-1914 by the Vassar Swiss Underwear Company for the production of union suits. The design was a collaboration between the architect Lawrence Gustav Hallberg Sr. and his son-in-law Stewart Hodges. The Vassar Swiss Co. remained in the building until 1967, when its parent company relocated to Texas. The building was then sold to Frederick Cooper Lamps, which operated the Logan Square factory until 2004 when the company announced it was relocating to China.
In September 2022, Green Exchange PBC applied with the SEC to launch a new exchange called Green Impact Exchange, or GIX, catering to environmentally minded companies and investors. GIX is expected to launch in 2023 if the SEC approves. Under GIX's proposed model, companies wouldn't need to leave their main exchange to list on the Green Impact Exchange; instead, they could be dual-listed on either the NYSE or Nasdaq as well as GIX. GIX would be the first registered exchange dedicated to bringing together green investors and public companies who are committed to green corporate governance, the company said.
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
*Daniel Labovitz, CEO
Richard Ketchum, former CEO of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), is an advisor to GIX.
== References ==
Green Impact Exchange (GIX)

Green Impact Exchange is a new exchange catering to environmentally minded companies and investors expected to launch in 2023, pending SEC approval. It is owned by Green Exchange PBC. Under GIX's proposed model, companies wouldn't need to leave their main exchange to list on the Green Impact Exchange; instead, they could be dual-listed on either the NYSE or Nasdaq as well as GIX.
== History ==
== Products and Services ==
== Key People ==
== References ==
Green bonds

A green bond is a type of fixed-income financial instrument that is issued to raise capital for projects or activities with environmental benefits. Green bonds function similarly to traditional bonds, but the proceeds from the issuance of green bonds are earmarked for projects focused on climate change mitigation, adaptation, or other environmentally friendly purposes.
Green bonds are typically issued by governments, municipalities, or corporations seeking to finance large projects that promote sustainability and address environmental challenges. Examples of projects financed through green bonds include renewable energy projects, energy efficiency initiatives, sustainable water management systems, clean transportation infrastructure, and green building construction.
The distinguishing feature of green bonds is their "green" label, which is supposed to provide transparency and reassurance to investors that the proceeds will be used for environmentally beneficial projects. To maintain credibility, issuers often follow established guidelines or standards, such as the Green Bond Principles (GBP) or Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI), to ensure the integrity and transparency of the bonds' environmental credentials. 
==First green bond==
In 2007, the European Investment Bank issued its inaugural Climate Awareness Bond (CAB), the world‘s first green bond. This 600 million pound Climate Awareness Bond marks the beginning of the green bond market. It is regarded by many as laying the foundation for the development of sustainable finance. 
==Green bond volume==
==Sticking points==
Since their introduction, flaws in the structure of green bonds have come to light. Although a green bond might meet the letter of the concept, it might not carry out the spirit of environmental stewardship.
Greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. When sunlight strikes the earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the sun to the earth’s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the earth’s surface roughly constant.
Many gases exhibit these “greenhouse” properties. Some of them occur in nature, while others are exclusively human-made. The principal greenhouse gases that enter the atmosphere because of human activities are:
*Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of other chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is also removed from the atmosphere (or “sequestered”) when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.
*Methane (CH4): Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
*Nitrous Oxide (N2O): Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
*Fluorinated Gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. Fluorinated gases are sometimes used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (i.e., CFCs, HCFCs, and halons). These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they are potent greenhouse gases, they are sometimes referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases (“High GWP gases”). 
The Kyoto Treaty is a treaty created to reduce global warming by cutting greenhouse gases. The Treaty helped set the framework for mandatory emissions reduction schemes such as cap-and-trade markets. 
The Clean Air Act authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) which establish acceptable concentrations of six criteria pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter.
ALSO SEE: Emissions trading
== Markets Evolve Around Greenhouse Gas Management ==
*The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX), a U.S. corporation, which launched its trading platform in 2003, is the only emissions reduction and trading system for all six greenhouse gases and the only operational emissions reduction and trading system in North America.
==Resources==
2007 U.S. Climate Action Report
== References ==
Category:Definitions
Category:Weather
Category:Environmental Markets
Greenshoe option

A greenshoe option is a provision in an underwriting agreement that gives the underwriter the right to sell investors more shares than originally planned by the issuer -- typically up to 15 percent more shares. This is a useful provision for underwriters in the event of exceptional public demand for a security issue. Legally, it is called an "over-allotment option".
A greenshoe option can provide additional price stability to a security issue, because it gives the underwriter the ability to increase supply and smooth out price fluctuations if demand surges. Some issuers prefer not to include greenshoe options in their underwriting agreements under certain circumstances, such as if the issuer wants to fund a specific project with a fixed amount of cost and does not want more capital than it originally sought.
The term is derived from the fact that the Green Shoe Company was the first to issue this type of option.
== References ==
Greg Burns

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Greg Burns is a veteran journalist, editor and public relations executive who serves as a senior manager for public relations and financial communications at Allstate Insurance.
He was previously a member of the Chicago Tribune editorial board. Before that, he was a senior correspondent specializing in business and economics at the Chicago Tribune. Before joining the editorial board full-time in 2010, Burns wrote a column, "Burns on Business," that appeared Mondays and Fridays.
== Background ==
Burns served as the Tribune’s associate managing editor/business, responsible for the newspaper’s financial-news section and features sections on real estate, jobs, transportation and personal finance. From 1997 to 1999, he was a business writer at the Tribune.
Prior to joining the Tribune, he worked for three-and-a-half years as a correspondent for Business Week magazine in Chicago, and for eight-and-a-half years as a business reporter at the Chicago Sun-Times. He began his career in 1984 at the Anderson (S.C.) Independent-Mail.
== John Lothian News Interview 2024 ==
Boca Raton, FL (JLN) – JLN spoke with veteran financial journalist Greg Burns at the FIA Futures Industry Conference in Boca Raton for John Lothian News. Burns talked about how he got into journalism and what reporting on the exchanges was like in earlier days. He said he had been involved in journalism ever since high school – he went on to get a graduate journalism degree – but covering the futures markets came as a surprise.
== Education == 
Burns holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Journalism from Northwestern University. 
== References ==	
Category:Journalists
Category:Public Relations Professionals
Category:Chicago Tribune - Former Employees
Category:Business Week - Former Employees
Category:Chicago Suntimes - Former Employees
Greg Campbell

Greg Campbell is a co-founder and chief technology officer for the financial technology firm YellowJacket Software Inc., where he is responsible for the firm's overall technical and product development efforts. He formed YellowJacket with the firm's president Jacob Pechenik in 2002 with a focus on facilitating the trade of over-the-counter products.
The Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) announced on Jan. 31, 2008 that it would acquire YellowJacket in a deal that is expected to close in February of 2008. YellowJacket would become a subsidiary of ICE under the deal. 
== Background ==
Campbell's previous experience includes serving as vice president of engineering for SolarMetrics, a firm that creates enterprise development products leveraging the Sun Java development language for more than 350 clients. Before joining SolarMetrics, he managed a team of 40 engineers at TechTrader, a venture-backed B2B technology firm for trading exchanges, and held similar positions at Opnet and Agile Communications. He is a frequent speaker at industry conferences.
== Education ==
Campbell holds a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 
== References ==
Category:YellowJacket Software
Category:TechTrader
Greg Chambers

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Greg Chambers is president of the Asia-Pacific division Itiviti, a Stockholm-based software firm established in 2016 to combine two subsidiaries, Orc Group and CameronTec.. He also serves as senior vice president of APAC sales and services. He joined Orc Group in 2000 and assumed his current title upon the creation of the combined entity. 
== Background ==
Chambers joined Orc Group in 2000 as a manager in its Australia, Korea and Japan division. He became president of APAC in 2007 and remained in that role through the migration ti Itiviti. Earlier in his career, Chambers served as a call center manager at Telstra.
== Education ==
In 2004, Chambers earned a bachelor's degree in business management from the University of Newcastle (Australia).
== References ==	
Category:Orc Group - Former Employees
Greg Davis

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Gregory Davis is Vanguard's president and chief investment officer, effective February 2024, and a member of the board of directors. He is responsible for all aspects of the firm's investment management, and for overseeing enterprise risk management. 
From 2017 to 2024, Davis served as managing director and chief investment officer. From 2014 to 2017, he was principal and global head of Vanguard Fixed Income Group, where he was responsible for its portfolio management, strategy, credit research, trading and planning functions. Earlier, he also served briefly as the company's Asia-Pacific chief investment officer and as a director of Vanguard Investments Australia. 
Davis currently is a member of the board of governors of the Investment Company Institute and a member of the Investor Advisory Committee on Financial Markets for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He also serves as vice chair of the board of trustees for Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
== Background ==
Before joining Vanguard in a portfolio management and trading role in 1999, Davis was associated with both Merrill Lynch and Citicorp. He began his financial industry career in 1993 as an underwriter/premium auditor with State Farm Insurance.
== Education ==
Davis earned a BS in insurance from Penn State University and an MBA from The Wharton School.
== References ==	
Category:Merrill Lynch - Former Employees
Category:Citicorp - Former Employees
Greg Hoogasian

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Greg Hoogasian is an attorney and serves on the executive leadership team at Cboe Global Markets. In February 2022, he was promoted from senior vice president to executive vice president and chief regulatory officer.
== Background ==
Before joining Cboe Global Markets, Hoogasian started as a firm associate at Chicago Mercantile Exchange, where he worked under Dean Witter Reynolds, now known as Morgan Stanley. He then served as an assistant attorney general with the Illinois Attorney General's Office. He joined the CBOE in 2004 and worked as a senior attorney with the exchange for four years. 
In 2008, Hoogasian joined the Chicago Stock Exchange as vice president & chief enforcement counsel. He then became the exchange's senior vice president & chief regulatory officer.
Hoogasian eventually returned to the CBOE in 2012, serving as the vice president and deputy chief regulatory officer. In 2015, he assumed his current role of senior vice president & chief regulatory officer with the exchange.
== Education ==
Hoogasian received his J.D. from the John Marshall Law School. He received a B.S. from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. 
== References ==