nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Billy Meier

:Not to be confused with the slightly less out-of-touch Bill Maher.
 
Eduard Albert "Billy" MeierHe reportedly got the nickname from an American female friend, because his "cowboy" style of dress reminded her of Billy the Kid. is a Swiss guy who has claimed, since 1975, to be in contact with humanoid aliens from the Pleiades. (Well, since 1995 they insist that they actually are from the Plejaren star system that is beyond the Pleiades and in another dimension.)The truth about the Pleiadians, SteelmarkSomewhat confusingly, "Plejaren" and "Plejaran" are used interchangeably.
Along with the contact transcripts, Meier has produced a lot of UFO photographs and videos that look suspiciously like fakes. Apart from these, Meier also published pictures which he photographed during his alleged space and time travels. But most of these photos were shown to be taken from magazines, TV, etc.Space and Time travel pictures, Billy Meier UFO Research A series of photos of attractive female humanoids turned out to be pictures of a TV screen showing a 1970s TV show.Asket and Nera, forgetomori Another photo, of a pterosaur, supposedly taken when Meier traveled back in time on a Plejaren spaceship, was simply a photo of an illustration in a book about dinosaurs.Billy Meier - Dinosaur Photo Deconstruction, Independent Investigations Group When some people pointed out that a purported interstellar spaceship looked like a bunch of Christmas tree ornaments glued on top of the lid of a garbage can,Billy Meier - Wedding Cake UFO Deconstruction, Independent Investigations Group Meier the Plejaran Ptaah gave the following explanation:
In 1997, Meier's ex-wife revealed in interviews that his photos were actually of spaceship models he created using everyday items such as trash can lids, carpet tacks, and other household objects. She also claimed that the tales of his encounters with aliens were equally fabricated.Clingbine, Graham, 30 October, 2015. Disclosure: The Future is Now. Troubador. p. 341.
Meier founded his own UFO cult called Freie Interessengemeinschaft für Grenz und Geisteswissenschaften und Ufologiestudien (Free Community of Interests for the Border and Spiritual Sciences and Ufological Studies, or FIGU for short), and also claims to be the direct reincarnation of prophets Enoch, Elijah, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Jesus, and Mohammed. Seems legit.
==See also==
* Pleiadians
* George Adamski
* Juhan af Grann
==External links==
*The Billy Meier Case, Independent Investigations Group
*Multiple coverage on the Exposing PseudoAstronomy podcast: (all links are to show notes)
**Episode 32: Interview About the Billy Meier UFO Case with Derek Bartholomaus
**Episode 49: Billy Meier, Michael Horn, and Asteroid Apophis
**Episode 90: Investigation into Billy Meier's Alleged Foreknowledge About Stuff About Jupiter and Saturn
==Notes==
==References==
__NOTOC__
Category:Authors
Category:Cult leaders
Category:Hoaxes
Category:Living people
Category:New Age
Category:Prophecies
Category:Shysters
Category:Ufology
Bilocation

Bilocation is a term used to describe the alleged ability of an individual to be present in two different places at the same time. 
Some fraudsters even boldly claim that they can be present in more than two places at a given time. The term multilocation is used to describe this alleged feat of endurance. To date, no evidence has been found to support the existence of bilocation or multilocation, except, of course, a great wad of useless anecdotes - some of which, to be fair, may just be hallucinations.
Bilocation is a power that is commonly associated with many would-be saints and is an easily-enough accomplished miracle requiring only a body double or a few credible witnesses to fake.
==In reality==
Bilocation is possible in quantum mechanics but this pertains primarily to entangled atoms or subatomic particles.Entangled photons show interference and bilocation Jul 28, 2004 CERN Courier.
==References==
Category:Pseudoscience
Binomial theorem

The binomial theorem is an important statement in mathematics, of value in probability theory and calculus. It states that the expansion of a binomial, x+y, raised to the power n is given by:
(x+y)^n = \sum_{k=0}^n {n \choose k}x^{n-k}y^k https://mathworld.wolfram.com/BinomialTheorem.html
A familiar example of this is the expansion
(x+y)^2 = x^2 + 2xy + y^2
==Importance to probability==
The binomial theorem allows calculation of the probability of an event with probability p happening k times given n chances. In this instance, the formula is
P(E) = {n \choose k}p^k(1-p)^{n-k}
This can be very handy in demonstrating how improbable things happen. For instance, assume the probability of a particular mutation is about 10-3. "Impossible," you might say, "such a mutation could never occur!" However, another key aspect is the number of opportunities for that mutation to develop. Assume that, in a particular timeframe, 500 (a remarkably small number) offspring are produced. In this situation, the chance of the mutation occurring at least once is given by
1 - (1-10^{-3})^{500} = 1-0.999^{500} = 0.3936
Despite the low chance, the probability of the mutation arising with only 500 new members in the population is almost 2 in 5, or 40%.
What if we say that the number of new members added to the population is 1000, but require the mutation to occur at least twice?
\begin{align}
P(E) &= \sum_{k=2}^{1000} {1000 \choose k} (10^{-3})^k (1-10^{-3})^{1000-k} \\
&= 0.2642 \end{align}
As you can see, the chance of the mutation occurring is still greater than 1 in 4, despite the chance of any individual member receiving it being 1 in 1000. Given more time or a larger population, the mutation will almost definitely occur, even if its chance is decreased.
In practice, when calculating the probability of a given number of occurrences of a rare event in a large population, the is often used to get an approximate result, rather than using the binomial theorem directly.https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/poisson-distribution
==References==
Category:Mathematics
Category:Evolution
Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the somewhat hard-to-define quality of variation among living things in a specific ecosystem, in agriculture, within a certain taxonomic group, or in the entire biosphere.
Biodiversity is seen as important to the sustainability of life in general and as an all-round Good Thing. Having various options of "life support systems" often means that, when conditions change, they are unlikely to all fail at once.http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/3/183.full
 Environmentalists regard human-caused ("anthropogenic") loss of biodiversity as a serious problem. Some branches of environmental philosophy give intrinsic value to biodiversity, and consider its conservation important beyond ecological services for humans.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity/#SpeValBioVal
It is difficult to measure biodiversity, but with closer observation, one can simply see how diverse even a single ecosystem is. A single drop of pond water has several species of microscopic animals (from copepods to water fleas to rotifers), and other microorganisms (amoebas, paramecium, diatoms, and euglena). More complex information-based methods must decide when to describe genetic diversity versus diversity based on phenotypes and genotypes, which require more definitions of measurements themselves. Meaningful diversity-indices also take into take into account the total number of individuals of each species, and apply statistical measures.
Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement by Anne E. Magurran (1988). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691084912.
Measuring Biological Diversity by Anne E. Magurran (2003). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0632056339.
==See also==
*Endangered species
==References==
Category:Environmentalism
Category:Biology
Biofeedback

Biofeedback is an alternative medicine with the intent to give the patient greater awareness of their physiological functions, which will supposedly help the patient control these processes. With this premise, it is unsuprising that some claims are utter bullshit. 
==The promising==
There is some evidence that shows that biofeedback could potentially help with stress.Biofeedback. Mayo Clinic.
==The woo==
Some take biofeedback one step further and claim unsubstantiated and embarassing crap that would make anyone with any dignity ashamed, and that's why many of these claims are made by quacks, cranks, and new agers. These include claims of more desirable brainwaves, being able to reach spiritual or higher consciousness, and stuff that is just plain impossible for the human body to do. 
==See also==
*Brainwave woo
*Quantum biofeedback
==References==
Category:Alternative medicine
Category:Woo
Biology Revisioned

Biology Revisioned () is a controversial science book by American engineer Willis Harman and Greek-American evolutionary biologist Elisabet Sahtouris. It was published by North Atlantic Books in 1998.
==Overview==
The book advocates a form of "holistic biology" which the authors wish to replace what they call reductionistic science. Harman and Sahtouris take influence from the work of Mae-Wan Ho, James Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, and Rupert Sheldrake.
According to Harman and Sahtouris, the universe and everything in it should be seen as living systems, and they criticise western science for ignoring this view. The book takes the Gaia hypothesis to the extreme by promoting the holistic view that not only is Gaia itself conscious, but consciousness is an underlying layer of physical reality found at all levels of nature from particles to atoms, cells, and organisms. The book argues to look at wholes (organisms and ecological systems) prior to parts (fundamental particles).Book Review (Contrast with emergence.)
Harman and Sahtouris argue that organisms are self-organizing intelligent systems, rather than mechanical Darwinian accidents.Book Description They strongly criticise neo-Darwinism for being reductionistic and for reducing nature to nothing but "gene machines". The book advocates non-Darwinian evolution and discusses how organisms in some cases can direct their own evolution. The book endorses self-organization, and autopoiesis (self-creation) as the definition of life and replaces certain scientific principles with new holistic terminology such as "holons" and "holarchies". 
The book also endorses elements of eastern spirituality and research from consciousness studies in parapsychology.
==Reception==
The book has been criticized for resorting to mysticism and spirituality.Book Review by Michael J. Vandeman Whilst the book does contain some science, it is generally seen as a new age book.
==References==
 
Category:Books
Category:New Age
Birth order

Birth order refers to a person's ordinal ranking among siblings — firstborn, second born, and so on. In pop psychology and the self-help movement, birth order is often said to have a profound, deterministic influence on personality, akin to the influence of the stars in astrology.
Some studies have found a correlation between birth order and IQ, but this is subject to debate, and the effect described is very small — 3 IQ points lower for the second born, and 1 point lower still for the third.Kristensen, Petter and Tor Bjerkedal. (22 June 2007). Explaining the Relation Between Birth Order and Intelligence. Science 316 (5832): 1717. DOI: 10.1126/science.1141493 (The standard deviation on most IQ tests is around 15 points.) Among brothers, birth order is known to have a significant correlation with homosexuality, with every additional older brother increasing the incidence by 33%.Blanchard, Ray. (September 2001). Fraternal birth order and the maternal immune hypothesis of male homosexuality. Hormones and Behavior 40 (2):105-14. PMID: 11534970 
Frank Sulloway of the University of California, Berkeley, who argues that birth order's effects on personality are significant, has found that openness to new ideas is strongly correlated with a higher order. Later-borns, he argues, accepted the theories of evolution and heliocentrism much more rapidly than firstborns, as well as discredited ideas like phrenology.Sulloway, Frank. (2001). Birth Order, Sibling Competition, and Human Behavior. In Harmon R. Holcomb, (Ed.), Conceptual Challenges in Evolutionary Psychology: Innovative Research Strategies. Dordrecht: SpringerSee also Shermer, Michael (2001). The Borderlands of Science: Where Sense Meets Nonsense. New York: Oxford University Press USA These findings have not been without controversy.Harris, Judith R. (2006) No Two Alike: Human Nature And Human Individuality. New York: W.W. Norton
While popular claims about birth order and personality often devolve into pseudoscience, the topic is also the subject of ongoing legitimate research.
==External links==
* "The Power of Birth Order", by Jeffrey Kluger; cover story from the 17 October 2007 issue of Time.
==References==
Category:Birth
Category:Culture
Category:Homosexuality
Category:Pseudoscience
Category:Science
Category:Sociology
Category:Woo
Bismacine

Bismacine, occasionally known as ChromacineMayo Clinic: Lyme Disease (though Chromocine might be a different drug),Biochemistry of Lyme Disease. Townsend Letter is an alternative medicine sold to treat Lyme disease that involves the injection of the metal bismuth. Bismacine was invented by Robert Bradford, who is not a medical doctor,A Dubious Diagnosis. Chicago Tribune in 2004. In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning against Bismacine,Quackwatch: Lyme disease as bismuth is ineffective and dangerous neither approved for injection and can lead to heart and kidney problems. Bradford pled guilty in 2010 to charges that Bismacine caused the death of a woman in Kansas.Casewatch: Robert W. Bradford Pleads Guilty (2010) Bradford and business partners also admitted that they inflated fears of Lyme disease as part of a marketing campaign to increase sales of Bismacine,Ex-Physician Convicted of Fraud Topeka Capital-Journal calling Lyme disease a "potential plague of the 21st century."Lyme disease, potential plague of the 21st century. Townsend Letter
In an article for the Townsend Letter, an alternative health magazine, Bradford claimed that when using Bismacine, all patients had little-to-no adverse effects known as Herxheimer reactions. This is not surprising, as Herxheimer reactions occur in at most 15% of all Lyme disease patients,IDSA Lyme disease guidelines and would occur in even fewer if Bismacine was failing to kill the Lyme-causing spirochetes.
==See also==
*Hydrogen Peroxide therapy
*Lyme disease
==External links==
*FDA safety alert
==References==
category:Alternative medicine
Bit

A bit (binary digit) is the smallest piece of information conceivable. Apart from The Sun.
==Relation to computers==
Bits are heavily used in the computer industry. Each bit in a traditional computer architecture has a determinate value of either 0 or 1. The 0-or-1 value can be then interpreted either numerically for constructing larger numbers (using the base-2 numeral system), or as false or true (respectively). The latter interpretation can then be used for logical (or conditional) computations. A modern computer can contain many billions bits in memory alone, and the demand is skyrocketing. Luckily, bits seem to be a renewable resource.
==Relation to creationism==
The concept of a bit is unique in that it is the only truly irreducibly complex object known. In most cases, when creationists are asked how much they actually know about evolution, a truthful yet diplomatic answer would be "a bit". In real life that doesn't happen, possibly because they believe bits of information can be complex and/or specified. 
In many cases, creationists believe that they possess this mythical kind of information, resulting in their hallmark state of being perpetually not even wrong.
==Notes==
==See also==
*Bitcoin
*Boolean algebra
Category:Computer science
Category:Logic
Category:Mathematics
Category:Technology
Black

*African Americans, who are sometimes referred to as Blacks, usually in contrast to Whites — the terms 'Black' and 'White' may or may not be associated with racialism depending on the speaker and the context, having been derived from the original racial categories of Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid
*Black brute: a racist stereotype targeted against Black people
*Black Death: a Medieval pandemic of near-apocalyptic proportions.
*Blackface: racist performance where a White person pretends to be a Black person, typically as a form of "comedy"
*Black genocide: a conspiracy theory that Black people are being subjected to an orchestrated genocide campaign
*Black Hammer: astroturfed black separatist group notable for being useful idiots for Russia
*Black Hebrew Israelites: a fringe movement that identifies people of Subsaharan African descent as being the "true" Israelites
*Black helicopters: an element of various conspiracy theories
*Black hole: astronomical entities so dense that the escape velocities required exceed the speed of light
*Black Lives Matter: a social movement with the goal of addressing systemic racism targeted against Black communities.
*Black Panther Party: an antiracist Marxist-Leninist Black Power political party that became a major force in New Left politics.
**New Black Panther Party: reactionary black supremacist wannabe "successor" to the original BPP that has been denounced by members of the original BPP.
*Black Pigeon Speaks: Neo-Nazi YouTuber and plagiarist
*Black Sabbath: the original heavy metal band
*Black salve: a popular alternative medicine cancer "treatment" that does ghastly things to the skin
*Black site: any off-the-books facility that holds government black ops.
*Black supremacy: a reactionary ideology that views Black people as the supreme race
*Black swan: an extremely rare, unpredictable event with a high impact
*Black triangle: a type of UFO that looks like what it says on the tin.
*Blackwater: American mercenary company
*Don Black: Stormfront aficionado and Neo-Nazi shithead
*History of Black people in Britain
Black Atheists of America

Black Atheists of America is an organization that focuses on highlighting the lives of prominent African-American atheists, bringing awareness of atheism to the black community, and providing a community to atheists who happen to be black. Ayanna Watson founded the group.
Their Facebook community is actively building the connections they desired in their mission statements.
==Programs of note, funded by BAA==
* Science Cubed3: Focuses on the importance of science to highschool students, and equal access for all students. They donate texts and science equipment to schools after meeting with the teachers regarding what's crucial for schools.
* After School Cubed 3: Works to enhance critical thinking skills for kids in afterschool programs. They recognize a need in that the poorest or inner-city parents are not equipped (due to education) or available to help students think, question, and explore.
==Highlighted personalities==
* A. Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) - Civil rights and 'community leader'.
* Thelma "Butterfly" McQueen (January 7, 1911 – December 22, 1995) - Dancer, actress, an activist against 'black stereotype' in film and TV.
* Hubert Harrison (April 27, 1883 - December 17, 1927) - West Indian-American writer, educator, scholar.
* Alton Lemon - Lemon is best known for winning one of the first "Freedom from religion" cases, Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971. The case invalidated the "right" of the government to fund so-called 'secular' aspects of private religious education.
==Similar groups==
* The Black Atheist -Blogger giving a minority voice in the atheist blogosphere.
*American Atheist discussion on Black Atheists.
*Black Skeptics – a black blog covering skepticism and atheism.
==External links==
*Black Atheists of America on Facebook
*Black Freethought from Slavery to Civil Rights: Atheism and Agnosticism in African American Cultural and Intellectual Life: An article that details the history of Freethought and secularism in the black community, its role and benefit, and how it applied and helped in the dismantling of white-supremacist social norms, and the eventual foundations of organizations such as the Black Atheists of America, and their importance.
==References==
Category:Race
Black Knight satellite

The Black Knight satellite is a piece of space debris confused for an extraterrestrial UFO with claims attached to it being a 13,000 years old satellite which was known to Nikola Tesla and is currently being covered up by NASA,Yet they still host pictures of it here. and a whole bunch more. Outside of ufology, this conspiracy theory has gained some attention within QAnon.
== Space debris ==
It turns out that this supposed satellite was most likely space debris from the Space Shuttle mission in 1989, specifically a thermal blanket that was lost during the mission when two of the astronauts went outside of the vehicle.Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, The Truth About the Black Knight Satellite Mystery. armaghplanet.com, 18 July 2013.Phantom satellite? What IS it? What ISN’T it? WHY the confusion? jamesoberg.com, 21 October 2014. As the blanket tumbled towards the Earth, it eventually got the shape that the picture in its specific angle shows, aided by the fact that it was irregularly shaped and already crumpled.
== Conspiracy ==
The conspiracy theory surrounding this blanket is an absolute indiscernible mess of a bunch of different unrelated stories.
Like any good conspiracy theory, it involved Nikola Tesla. In particular, the sounds he heard during his 1899 experiments with radio signals. He heard strange pulsating waves. While unknown to him, he was probably tuning in to pulsars.
It also includes the anecdote of an astronaut named Gordon Cooper who claimed he saw a UFO during his 1963 15th orbit in Mercury 9. There is no evidence that this happened. NASA's mission transcripts and Cooper's personal copies don't show any such report being made during the orbit. But since an astronaut said it, it must be true!
The age-estimate conspiracy theorists often cite via the popular method of PIDOOMA (Lunan actually said it was 12,600 years old), also using the method to conclude that the satellite had come from system. He would later admit that it was made in "outright error":
==Notes==
== References ==
Category:Ancient aliens
Category:Conspiracy theories
Category:Out-of-place artifact
Category:Ufology