nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Lake Agassiz

Lake Agassiz was a pre-historic freshwater lake located south of Hudson Bay in North America. The lake covered an area ranging from the region located about halfway between Lake Winnipeg and Reindeer Lake in present day Manitoba and Saskatchewan in the north, to the vicinity of Watertown, South Dakota in the south. It also had at least three large adjacent lakes, one of which extended as far south as present day Spirit Lake, Iowa. The surface area of Lake Agassiz is estimated to have been about double that of the combined surface area of all five Great Lakes (244,106 km²).
==Modern conceptualization==
In 1823, American geologist William Keating postulated that such a massive lake might have existed in that area. In 1879, the lake was named for Louis Agassiz, the Swiss paleontologist and geologist who originated the theory of the Ice Age.
==Significance of the lake==
===Origin and demise===
Lake Agassiz formed near the end of the last glacial maximum (around 15-20,000 years ago) as the glaciers covering much of North America retreated and meltwater pooled. A more recent theory states that episodes of sudden drainage of the lake — such as when its northern boundary breached, draining the lake into Hudson Bay — caused sudden cooling when the fresh water from the lake disrupted the thermohaline circulation.Teller et al. 2001, "Outbursts from Glacial Lake Agassiz and their possible impact on thermohaline circulation at the start of the Younger Dryas, Preboreal Oscillation, and 8.2 ka cold event.", American Geophysical Union 2001 Fall Meeting. As a result, the Northern Atlantic region would have grown colder while the equatorial regions would have grown warmer.
===Great flood===
Louis Agassiz also theorized that the sudden influx of the lake's waters into the Atlantic Ocean might have raised sea level by about one meter. This would have suddenly and violently flooded most coastal areas. In turn, this would have led to the many great flood myths that originated in the more temperate regions of the world.
==References==
Category:Science
Category:Global flood
Category:Geography
Category:Geology
Category:Climatology
Category:Evidence against a recent creation
Lana Lokteff

Lana Jennifer Lokteff is a far-right, antisemitic white supremacist, and wife of Henrik Palgrem, founder of Red Ice TV (of which she is also the cofounder). She is a prominent Holocaust denier and also denies the genocide of Native Americans. Lokteff was born in Oregon to Russian immigrants, however, despite being of Russian descent, she is a Neo-nazi (the nazis despised Slavs, especially Russians).https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544134546/the-women-behind-the-alt-right
In 2011, she met and married Henrik Palgrem and helped cofound Red Ice in 2003. Lokteff identifies as a Slavic neo-pagan.
==General wingnuttery==
During the 2016 election, Lokteff unsuccessfully attempted to convert white women to the alt-right to expand the movement. Being a self-hating reactionary, Lokteff opposes feminism, yet has complained about her treatment in the alt-right by men in the organization.https://jacobin.com/2017/04/alt-right-lana-lokteff-racism-misogyny-women-feminism/
Unsurprisingly, Lokteff supports eugenics, saying "The alt-right is a very attractive, very sexy bunch ... Matches are being made left and right of beautiful, intelligent couples. It's a eugenic process." Even the New York magazine described her as a "looks-obsessed eugenicist".https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/04/beyond-alt-understanding-the-new-far-right.html
==Genocide Denial==
Lokteff has promoted Holocaust denial and has published works by the likes of David Cole and Mark Weber. She has also published articles denying the genocides of Native Americans. She has openly defended confederates and nazis.https://www.preachersofhate.com/lana-lokteff/
==Red Ice TV==
Lokteff and her husband founded Red Ice TV in 2003, and bizarrely enough, actually started out as an outlet covering the paranormal and conspiracy theories before becoming a white nationalist and neo-nazi website. Red Ice TV's YouTube channel had 300,000 subscribers before its ban.https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2019/10/21/youtube-takes-down-red-ices-main-channel
Red Ice was later banned from YouTube in October 2019https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/red-ice-youtube-ban/ and from Facebook in November 2019.https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/26/facebook-white-nationalist-ban-red-ice-tv-affirmative-right
==See also==
*Lauren Southern
*Faith Goldy
*Laura Loomer
==References==
Category:Antifeminism
Category:Alt-right
Category:Antisemites
Category:Authors
Category:Bloggers
Category:Conspiracy theorists
Category:Eugenics supporters
Category:Fascists
Category:Genocide denial
Category:Global warming denialists
Category:Holocaust denialists
Category:Homophobes
Category:Internalized discrimination
Category:Internet kooks
Category:Islamophobes
Category:Living people
Category:Neo-Nazis
Category:Paganism
Category:Political pundits
Category:Racists
Category:Right-wing activists
Category:Sexists
Category:Transphobes
Category:YouTube
Lancaster Unity

Lancaster Unity is a blog that operated from 2005 to early 2012 in support of the British organisation Unite Against Fascism. Despite its name, it focused on nationwide issues and sometimes on foreign affairs, with a primary emphasis on attacking the British National Party and the English Defence League. It was managed by Ketlan Ossowski with the aid of various contributors.
Although purporting to oppose extremism in the UK, the blog tended to dodge the issue of British Islamism, which it did not appear to take seriously: commenting on the Salman Rushdie controversy, contributor "AndyMinion" described The Satanic Verses as "a book I'd be tempted to burn just for sheer, inpenetrable, bloody awfulness".http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/04/koran-burning-few-thoughts.html
In early March 2011, mainstream British press reported on a London imam who was forced to retract controversial statements (namely, that people evolved from apes and that Muslim women don't have to cover their hair) after receiving death threats from whackadoodles.http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23929834-imam-fears-nutters-could-kill-him-for-preaching-evolution.dohttp://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/8906226.LEYTON__Support_for_Imam_over_evolution_comments/ Lancaster Unity chose to ignore this example of rationality being drowned out by fundamentalism and instead reported on such issues as an elderly porn star supporting the BNPhttp://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/03/granny-pornstar-defiles-cenotaph.html and a music video showing an idiot slurring his speech.http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/03/muslamic-ray-guns-edl-anthem.html
The blog did make a post around that time that touched on homophobic stickers quoting the Qu'ran, but this ultimately focused mainly on the English Defence League;http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/03/gay-pride-march-splits-east-end.html and even then comments were posted insisting that the EDL put up the stickers to smear Muslims.http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/03/gay-pride-march-splits-east-end.html?showComment=1300268414539#c2812471433605917299http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/03/gay-pride-march-splits-east-end.html?showComment=1300269559442#c7638343787815041464
A following incident, in which gay rights campaigners complained to the East London Mosque that its practice of hiring homophobic preachers was partly responsible for the stickers,http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/09/gay-rights-london-mosques was similarly ignored by the blog.
As is so often the case the comments section was a good source of crazy; highlights include someone calling for a boycott of Facebook simply because EDL supporters use it.http://lancasteruaf.blogspot.com/2011/11/edl-announce-plans-to-disrupt-armistice.html?showComment=1320859181608#c8238895668277523983 All comments were moderated, so one wonders what they didn't let through...
==External links==
* The blog
==References==
Category:Blogs
Land Destroyer

Land Destroyer is a blog run by an undetermined number of authors who post long articles critiquing the "corporate-financier oligarchy" of the world. It criticizes what it sees as "Western imperialism", to the point where it firmly believes that the War on Terror was manufactured by the western corporate-financier oligarchy as an excuse to topple self-sufficient governments and force them into an international currency that's friendly to Western corporations.
They expose lots of lobby groups behind the scenes and it's all right if you like polemic articles that never condemn any enemy of America. For instance, Iran is portrayed as one of the more enlightened states in the Middle East.The Iranian “Smoke and Mirrors Threat” and Washington’s “Human Rights Card” Land Destroyer, October 2013. Expect the word 'imperialism' to be repeated over and over again. It's the old fallacy about portraying America's enemies as saints and demonising the US. It's a website with a clear anti-American agenda, but with its articles chock-full of hyperlinks, offers starting points for the rational viewer to conduct more research from the comfort of his or her chair.
==External links==
*Official site
==References==
Category:Blogs
Land tenure

Land tenure is the term for the legal system and/or systems in place that govern individuals' use of real property. Throughout most of history and into the present, individuals did not actually "own" the land where they lived and/or worked. Instead, the land is owned by the government and the population merely held one of various types of leases. Land tenure laws are the bane of libertarians, Freeman on the land, and tax protestors of all stripes. The system where individuals actually own the land, free of all restrictions, is called allodial title and exists virtually nowhere except in a few jurisdictions in pre-revolutionary France and in limited situations in Nevada and Texas. Eminent domain is only possible because of this lack of allodial title. In common law countries (most of the anglosphere excepting Louisiana) land tenure laws are one of the last remaining bastions of feudalism.
==History==
Beginning with the feudal era, all land was owned by the sovereign. The sovereign would then grant the use of that land to various subjects, who would then parcel out the use of that land, and so on. Because of the way common law systems work, no law really ever "goes away" and the government of most common law countries is still the only true "owner" of the land. This is the basis for property taxes, which are in reality a form of rent paid for the use of the sovereign's land. Civil law countries operate much the same way, reserving allodial title for the government itself but under less feudal conditions. In the modern age, constitutional law places limits on the sovereign and/or government's ability to mess with tenants, but the basic principal of government ownership of all land within that government's jurisdiction remains the same.
===Sharecropping===
Sharecropping was a popular system of land tenure implemented in the United States during the period immediately following the American Civil War. This entails the "owner" of a property granting the right to farm a portion of that land to somebody else (in the U.S. context, usually newly freed former slaves) in exchange for a percentage of the crop yield. This allowed former slave-owners to continue to exploit their workers without having to actually do any work themselves.
==Usufruct==
Usufruct is the civil law equivalent to land tenure. When you purchase real property in a civil law country, what you are really getting is usufruct, that is, the exclusive rights to use the property and anything that the property produces, along with the right to sell this. Usufruct is common in systems where land is owned communally, rather than by a central government.
==Libertarians and such==
Libertarians and tax protestors who argue that the government has no right to tell them what to do are ignoring the essential truth that by law all residents of any given country are really just tenants with a landlord wealthy enough to field their own military. Whether or not this is a desirable state of affairs is a different matter entirely.
==Notes==
Landover Baptist Church

Landover Baptist Church is a website that parodies Christian fundamentalist beliefs and activities. Despite being around for years and being one of the most famous parody ministries on the internet, people still get Poe'd by it and assume that it is real. It is engaged in some sort of mock war with the other big parody ministry website, Objective: Ministries. Landover Baptist Church also has a discussion board, which functions as a reductio ad absurdum of its target.
The Landover Baptist Church is not to be confused with Westboro Baptist Church which looks like parody (and has indeed been parodied by the God hates shrimp movement) but is apparently, and unfortunately, very real.
==Betty Bowers==
It is also the home of Mrs. Betty Bowers, America's Best Christian a satirical character played by Deven Green.http://www.bettybowers.com/ Betty is the quintessential conservative Christian American woman.
== External links ==
*Landover Baptist Church -Unsaved unwelcome!
*Their forums
==References==
Category:Websites
Category:Parodists
Lane v. Sabine Parish School Board

Lane v. Sabine Parish School Board is a lawsuit against the Sabine Parish School Board, filed on behalf of Scott and Sharon Lane by the American Civil Liberties Union in January 2014 in response to discrimination by Negreet High School in Negreet, Louisiana against their son, C.C. The family is Buddhist and of Thai heritage, but C.C.'s science teacher, Rita Roark, regularly taught that the Bible was "100 percent true" and promoted young Earth creationism.
This might have been just questionable, but Roark would feature Christianity-related questions on her science tests, and when C.C. failed to fill in the expected answers, Roark would belittle him in front of the class, even going so far as to insult Buddhism, calling it "stupid". When his parents objected to this, the Sabine Parish superintendent Sara Ebarb told them "this is the Bible Belt", and suggested that the family either convert to Christianity or move to another school. The family did in fact move later to protect their son from the school's incredibly hostile environment to those not of their faith.
Many legal commentators noted that, despite Sabine Parish's wish to battle this out in court, "they had no legal defense", as the school policies were undoubtedly placed to turn the school into a platform for religion. For instance, when one of the tests that Rita Roark gave bore the question "ISN'T IT AMAZING WHAT THE _____________ HAS MADE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" , C.C.'s failure to give the teacher the answer she wanted apparently gave the teacher justification to belittle him in front of the class for his beliefs.
Needless to say, the US district court ruled against the school board. On 14 March 2014, Sabine Parish was ordered to end its discriminatory policies and pay for the cost of transferring C.C. to another school. 
==External links==
*https://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/lane-v-sabine-parish-school-board
*https://www.laaclu.org/press/2014/031414.htm
*http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/01/the-public-school-where-prayer-is-everywhere/283384/
Category:Buddhism
Category:First Amendment cases
Category:Religious discrimination
Lao Tzu

Lao Tzu (or Laozi in Pinyin) is a legendary philosopher from Imperial China. He supposedly wrote "The Way and the Virtue" (Tao Te Ching), before departing to the west to withdraw from this world. According to legend, the guard at the border, recognizing Lao Tzu's wisdom by his long ears, asked for a record of Lao Tzu's wisdom. Lao Tzu quickly wrote the Tao Te Ching, and wandered off into the sunset. His name translates into "Old Master", and many scholars today believe he probably wasn't real and that the Tao Te Ching had multiple authors.Lao-Tzu, Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia 9 July 2020
During the Han Dynasty, there was a particular variety of Taoism referred to as Yellow-Lao Taoism, which venerated Lao Tzu and the mythical Yellow Emperor as deities.
Studying the "Way and the Virtue" can consume a whole lifetime, even for someone with a strong grasp of Classical Chinese. It can also be quickly yoinked to make your own half-baked philosophy sound important and mystical.
==In modern times==
Barrington Hall (a residence hall at the University of California at Berkeley) coopted Lao Tzu's quote to be the Hall motto, purportedly attributed to a mythical Onghh Yaangh, "Those who say don't know. Those who know don't say." In 1989 a lawsuit was filed against Barrington Hall for being a center of drugs and crime. The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in 1991 that the gangster-inspired Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) was applicable to the case, in part because the Hall motto implied a "code of silence".The Fall of Barrington Hall: A Rebuttal to Assertions of the Management of the University Students Cooperative Association (USCA) by Joel J. Rane (2006).Use of Racketeering Law in Tenant Lawsuit Upheld by Henry Weinstein (July 27, 1991) Los Angeles Times. The RICO charge was overturned on appeal in 1992.United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit: 965 F.2d 783 60 USLW 2789, 75 Ed. Law Rep. 782, RICO Bus.Disp.Guide 8020
==External links==
*Works of Lao Tzu on Wikisource
==References==
Category:Philosophers
Category:China
Last Line of Defense

The Last Line of Defense (full name: America’s Last Line of Defense, formerly The Resistance: The Last Line of Defense until 21 March 2017) is a hybrid American satirical/fake news website, although your perception may depend on how much you know about the website. According to a combination of sources, America’s Last Line of Defense was founded by Christopher Blair around February 2016.
==Description==
The “official” description claims that the Last Line of Defense website was created by “God-fearing Christian conservative patriots” who were “tired of Obama’s tyrannical reign”.
According to Christopher Blair for PunditFact, he designed the Last Line of Defense to “fool conservatives with fake stories most people would find absurd”: the disclaimer on Last Line of Defense itself (as of 30 May 2017), described themselves as a satirical website that self-described liberal supporters created to expose the “extreme bigotry and hate” and “blind gullibility” of right-wing activists, particularly conspiracy theorists. Media Bias/Fact Check classifies the Last Line of Defense as ‘Satire’ because of the disclaimer.
According to the UK-based That’s Nonsense fact checking website, most of the fake/spoof stories on the Last Line of Defense deliberately “attack” liberal beliefs, including the Democrat Party of the United States, in an attempt to trick right-wing readers into believing and sharing them. Fake/spoof authors on the Last Line of Defense include “Stryker” (Striker) and “Busta Troll” (Bust a Troll).
==Examples of headlines==
:Sampled on 8 June 2017
* “BREAKING: Trump Fires Jeff Sessions For Connection To Espionage”
* “Feds Set To Charge Cory Booker With International Crimes Against Humanity”
* “BREAKING: Supreme Court Rules On Travel Ban”
* “Trump Just Raided HIS OWN EPA And Proved Hes The Smartest President Of All Time”
* “Monica Lewinski Death Hoax Was A Very Small Part Of A Globalist Agenda”
==Reception and response==
Generally, many of the Last Line of Defense’s fabricated articles appear so realistic that people from all corners of political spectrum have unwittingly fallen for the fabricated stories, without considering the Last Line of Defense’s claimed satirical purpose. By the end of May 2017, Snopes had debunked at least 34 articles that involved the Last Line of Defense.
In response to the concerns, the Last Line of Defense gradually introduced further measures to clarify their true purpose, including adding an -like “Satire” icon at the footer.
However, a number of fact checking sites have recently taken a tougher line against the Last Line of Defense. Since 9 January 2018, Snopes accused the website of spreading fabricated articles “under the guise of dealing with satire”. According to That’s Nonsense on 21 March 2017, the Last Line of Defense is well-known to the fact-checking media, because many of its fake/spoof stories go viral on social media.
==External links==
* 
==References==
Category:Fake news
Last Supper

The Last Supper generally refers to the final meal Jesus had with his apostles and is the basis for the Eucharist and Maundy Thursday of the Holy Week. It is based on biblical references from the Gospels as well as Corinthians.
It may also refer to several famous works depicting the scene, specifically Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper.
==The Bible==
According to the New Testament, the Last Supper is the last meal Jesus had before his arrest and Crucifixion and the basis of the Eucharist. The Bible contradicts itself; the Gospel of Luke, Gospel of Mark, and Gospel of Matthew say it happened on day 1 of the Passover, while the Gospel of John puts it the day before Passover. Paul of Tarsus says he got a personal revelation about the Lord’s Supper (). The slaying of the sacrificial bull in Mithraism parallels the sacrificial slaying of Jesus.http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/paul_carlson/nt_contradictions.html http://www.farvardyn.com/mithras4.php 
However, if the Last Supper happened the night before Jesus' crucifixion on Good Friday, it could not have been the Seder because . The first night of Passover can fall on a Friday night, which lends more credibility to John's assertion than the other three.
==Fresco==
The Last Supper is, as stated above, a huge-ass fresco painted by Leonardo da Vinci during the 1490s. It hangs in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church in Milan. It depicts Jesus' last meal with his apostles before his crucifixion. The apostle to the left of Jesus is purported to be St. John, albeit with a hint of femininity. The fresco contains much symbolism and is controversially interpreted in Dan Brown's novel, The Da Vinci Code.
=== Is that a woman? ===
One fantastical "controversial" aspect of the Last Supper is the gender of the figure commonly identified as St. John and whether it is, in fact, Mary Magdalene. Much debate concerning St. John's gender stems from The Da Vinci Code and the book it plagiarized that covered conspiracies regarding Jesus before it. 
In the fresco, St. John is depicted in a very feminine way. Sadly for conspiracy theorists and Dan Brown enthusiasts, conventions of the dayThe Florentine School and the Portrayal of Male Youth -http://arthistory.about.com/od/renaissanceart/a/altheyoungdudes.htm were to paint younger men in an effeminate way, and Da Vinci was no stranger to painting men quite effeminately - even to the point where some people believe that the Mona Lisa is actually a Bloke and not a Sheila. There would also be a considerable problem because the painting was commissioned to depict Jesus and his 12 followers, and as there are only 13 people in the painting, the inclusion of Magdalene would have to be at the expense of another apostle. This blatant oversight would have been noticed when the fresco was commissioned.
==See also==
*Fun:Crucifiction
==External links==
*Leonardo da Vinci - The Last Supper
*Who's that Woman in the Last Supper?
==References==
Category:Bible
Category:Christianity
Last Universal Common Ancestor

The last universal common ancestor (LUCA), also called the last universal ancestor (LUA), or the cenancestor, is exactly what it sounds like: the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all current life on Earth. The LUCA is estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago (sometime in the Paleoarchean era). The LUCA would most likely be extremely simple, having only those properties which are shared by every living thing on Earth, whether they be humans or bacteria. Naturally, creationists deny any such thing exists.
==See also==
*Common descent
*Tree of life
==References==
category:Cellular biology
Category:Evolution