nyuuzyou/wikis huggingface dataset:
Sapphire

== Description ==
A transparent blue gemstone composed of corundum (aluminum oxide). Sapphires range in color from a pale blue to a deep indigo. They are mined in Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Kashmir, Sri Lanka, Australia (Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales), India, Madagascar, Russia, South Africa, and the U.S. (Montana, North Carolina). Sapphires are extremely hard and durable gemstones that have been used in jewelry since 1200 BCE. Oriented rutile crystal inclusions in a sapphire can produce a six-sided star effect called a Star Sapphire. Synthetic sapphires, produced commercially since 1902, are used in jewelry, watches, phonograph needles, instrument bearings, optical elements, and as abrasives.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
corundum; alumina; aluminum oxide; star sapphire; safir (Dan.; Sven.); Saphir (Deut.); zafiro (Esp.); saphir (Fr.); saffier (Ned.); szafir (Pol.); safira (Port.);
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Corundum SR-ATR RRUFF R040096.png~IR-ATR (RRUFF)|Corundum Raman RRUFF R040096.png~Raman (RRUFF)|CorundumSapphireitaly1.jpg~Raman (U of Parma)]]]
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Insoluble in acids and alkalis.
* Trigonal crystal system. 
* Fracture = conchoidal or splintery 
* Luster = vitreous to subadamantine
* Streak = white
* Fluorescence = generally inert. Might fluoresce red to orange under LW. Weak chalky blue or green under SW may indicate heat treatment
* Pleochrosism = moderate to strong blue-violet to blue-green dichroism
* Inclusions = may have fine needle-like rutile inclusions; hexagonal growth or color banding; or twinning planes
Mohs Hardness 	9.0
Density 	3.96-4.05 g/ml
Refractive Index	1.762 - 1.770
Birefringence 	0.008-0.010
== Comparisons ==
== Additional Images ==
File:SaphirSynthetiquekes.jpg|Sapphire, cut and polished
File:StarSaphireWK.jpg|Star sapphire
==Resources and Citations==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 693
* R.M.Organ, Design for Scientific Conservation of Antiquities, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 1968
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* R.F.Symmes, T.T.Harding, Paul Taylor, Rocks, Fossils and Gems, DK Publishing, Inc., New York City, 1997
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962 Comment: 1200-500 BC
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sapphire." Accessed 15 Sept. 2005.
* Wikipedia: Sapphire (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
Category:Materials database
Sapwood

== Description ==
The thin outer layer of wood found beneath the bark but outside the heartwood of a tree. Sapwood contains the growing cells of the tree. It also carries the sap. Sapwood is softer and lighter in color than heartwood. It also may differ in grain and texture
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
albura (Esp.); borne (Port.); alburno (It.)
Category:Materials database
Sarah Peek

= Conservation of Ceramics Glass and Enamels =
A private conservation laboratory dedicated to quality conservation and restoration of objects in terms of their future preservation. Based in a Sussex studio, Conservation of Ceramics Glass and Enamels uses a wide variety of techniques and materials specifically selected to match the needs of the object's condition and the owner's requirements. (extracted from website).
Web Address 	http://www.sarahpeek.co.uk/index.asp
Postal Address 	Sarah Peek
Studio 9
Level 4 South
New England House
New England Street
Brighton
BN1 4GH
UK
Phone 	01273 67 00 88 (UK)
Contact 	conservation@sarahpeek.co.uk
Searchable 	No
Categories 	Private studio
Website Languages	English
== Comments ==
Website provides numerous treatment summaries including imagesCategory:Directory
Category:Directory: Private studio
Saran fiber

== Description ==
A generic name for manufactured fibers in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 80% by weight of vinylidene chloride units (Federal Trade Commission definition). Originally a trademark material first sold by Dow Chemical in 1940, saran is now a commonly used name for films and fibers made from polyvinylidene chloride. Saran fibers have good chemical resistance to acids and alkalis and do not lose their strength in sunlight. They are resistant to water and insects. In addition, saran fabrics do not tend to retain dirt and are easy to clean. Saran fabrics are heavy. They have been used for home furnishings, automobile upholstery, belts, sports bags and shoes. Saran, however, is expensive and most applications now use olefins or other high-performance fibers.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
saran fibre; poly(vinylidene chloride) fiber; polyvinylidene chloride; Saran® [Ametek]; Piviacid; Velon [Firestone Industrial Plastics]; Permalon [Pierce Plastics]; Enjay®
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Saranfiberkj1.jpg~FTIR|saran250m.jpg~SEM|saran1000m.jpg~SEM]]]
== Risks ==
* Softens at 115 C and lose strength at 99C. 
* Combustible but self-extinguishing. May release acids when heated.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Resistant to acids, alkalis, sunlight, bleaches. May be damaged by ketones, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, perchloroethylene. Resistant to insects and bacteria. Fibers are transparent and smooth. Cross section = circular. Tenacity = 0.7-2.4 g/denier (dry or wet); Elongation = 15-30% (dry or wet); Moisture regain = 0.1-1.0%; Density = 1.1-1.7 gm/cc; Melting point = 160-177 C
Burns with green flame producing pungent odor and evolving HCl.
== Resources and Citations ==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 850
* Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Dictionary of Fiber & Textile Technology (older version called Man-made Fiber and Textile Dictionary, 1965), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte NC, 1990
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Marjory L. Joseph, Introductory Textile Science, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Fort Worth, TX, 1986
* J.Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile Fibres:II Man-made Fibres, Merrow Publishing Co. , Durham, England
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saran_%28plastic%29 (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Saran film

thumb|Polyvinylidene chloride film
== Description ==
[SC Johnson] Originally a Dow Chemical tradename for thermoplastic film copolymer of vinylidene chloride and small amounts of vinyl chloride or acrylonitrile. Polyvinylidene, or PVDC, was discovered by accident in 1933, by Ralph Wiley a college student working at Dow. The name Saran was trademarked by Dow Chemical in 1940, but has now become a commonly used name for thin plastic films used primarily to cover food. The PVDC films have a very low water permeability, is very inert and can withstand high temperatures. It has good chemical resistance to acids and alkalis and does not lose strength in sunlight. Saran plastic is used for fibers, packaging films and acid-resistant pipes. 
In 1998, the SC Johnson bought Saran Wrap from Dow. In 2004, due to environmental conserns, SCJ decided to remove chorine from all of their products. As a result, 'Saran wrap' was reformulated as a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film that is modified to contain some polybutylene as a cling agent. The polybutylene also allows the polyethylene to withstand higher temperatures, such as those produced by steam in a microwave. The reformulated product does not perform as well as PVDC, and the company lost significant sales due to the change, but the SJC CEO siad it was the right thing to do (Link).
[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Saran Fiber.jpg~FTIR of PVDC]]]
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Saran wrap; plastic wrap
Alternate names for LLDPE product: Saran Premium Wrap, Glad Cling Wrap, Handi-Wrap
== Applications ==
* PVDC was an efficient gas barrier and aa excellent barrier film against water vapor 
* LLDPE has a limited lifetime, especially when stretched, and provides low gas barrier protection (Tetreault 2017)
== Personal Risks ==
Nonflammable.
==Collection Risks ==
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
Resistant to acids, alkalis. May be damaged by ketone, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, perchloroethylene. Resistant to insects and bacteria. 
For 1 mil film: 
*Oxygen transmission = 12-16 ml/m2d
*Water vapor transmission = 3.8 g/m2d
*Melting Point = 160--177 C
*Density = 1.17
== Resources and Citations ==
* SC Johnson: Website 
* The History of Saran Wrap: Website
* Jean Tetreault, Products Used in Preventive Conservation CCI, December 2017. Link
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 850
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* Pam Hatchfield, Pollutants in the Museum Environment, Archetype Press, London, 2002
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saran_%28plastic%29 (Accessed Sept. 14, 2005)
Category:Materials database
Sarcocolla

== Description ==
A water soluble plant exudate obtained from the Astragalus sarcocolla plant native to Iran. Sarcocolla gum was occasionally used in 18th and 19th century English recipes for watercolor paints but has not been used in modern times (Mayer 1969).
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Astragalus sarcocolla; sarcolla; sarcocola (Esp.); sarcocolla (It)
==Resources and Citations==
* R. J. Gettens, G.L. Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: plant = Penaea sarcocolla
* R.Mayer, The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Viking Press, New York, 1981 Comment: plant = Astragalus sarcocolla
* Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing)
* Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online, http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/, J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, 2000
Category:Materials database
Sard

== Description ==
A translucent orange to reddish-brown form of chalcedony. Sard is darker than carnelian, but otherwise a similar stone. Both have been mined or gathered since at least 3000 BCE. Water-worn pebbles of sard are found in Egypt, India, and several areas of Europe. It was popular for amulets and scarabs.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
chalcedony; carnelian; sardius; sardoine; sardine
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* No visible crystals 
* Fracture = conchoidal, uneven, splintery 
* Luster = waxy to vitreous
* Streak = white 
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Pleochroism = absent
Composition 	SiO2
Mohs Hardness 	6.5-7.0
Density 	2.59-2.61 g/ml
Refractive index	1.535 - 1.539
Birefringence 	0.003 - 0.009
== Comparisons ==
==Resources and Citations==
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
* Wikipedia: Carnelian (Accessed Nov. 9, 2005 and Dec 2022)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 22
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
Category:Materials database
Sardonyx

== Description ==
A red color onyx, which is an agate with parallel bands of chalcedony. Sardonyx has layers of brownish sard alternating with lighter-color layers of red carnelian. Often used as a gemstone, it has been mined or gathered since before 2200 BCE.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
onyx; quartz; agate; chalcedony
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Fracture = conchoidal, uneven 
* Luster = vitreous to waxy 
* Streak = white
* Mohs Hardness = 6.5 - 7.0
* Density = 2.6 g/ml
* Fluorescence = generally inert
* Pleochroism = absent
* Refractive Index = 1.530 - 1.543
== Comparisons ==
== Resources and Citations ==
* Mineralogy Database: Quartz
* Gem Identification Lab Manual, Gemological Institute of America, 2016.
* Jack Odgen, Jewellery of the Ancient World, Rizzoli International Publications Inc., New York City, 1982
* Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia, Douglas M. Considine (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1976
* Wikipedia: Onyx varieties Accessed Dec 2022
* A.Lucas, J.R.Harris, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London, 4th edition, 1962
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* C.W.Chesterman, K.E.Lowe, Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979
Category:Materials database
Sarikunen/Kaika (Pagoda tree) - bottom (152 B)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_152.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 152
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| bottom (152 B)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| サリクネン /槐花 : Sarikunen /Kaika
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Japanese Pagoda Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| aluminium oxide
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sarikunen/Kaika (Pagoda tree) - center (152 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_152.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 152
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (152 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| beige
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| サリクネン /槐花 : Sarikunen /Kaika
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Japanese Pagoda Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| copper
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sarikunen/Kaika (Pagoda tree) - center (153 C)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_153.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 153
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| center (153 C)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| mustard yellow
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| サリクネン /槐花 : Sarikunen /Kaika
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Japanese Pagoda Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| fallen petals / semi-dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| alum
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| For this dyeing, fallen petals of the flowers, were used instead of the buds, but the resultant colors were same.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sarikunen/Kaika (Pagoda tree) - top (152 T)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_06-18-2009_152.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 152
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 2nd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| top (152 T)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| cotton
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| lemon yellow
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| サリクネン /槐花 : Sarikunen /Kaika
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Japanese Pagoda Tree
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| tin
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sarsaparilla

== Description ==
Any climbing plant of the genus Smilax native to North and Central America. The roots of sarsaparilla plants are used for the flavoring in root beer. The ripe blue-black berries of the plants are used for dyes. The colors can be green, blue or purple depending on the mordant.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
bristly sarsaparilla; sassparilla (sp); wild elder; dwarf elder; hyeble; pigeon berry
==Resources and Citations==
* R.J. Adrosko, Natural Dyes in the United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1968
* Random House, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, Grammercy Book, New York, 1997
* The American Heritage Dictionary or Encarta, via Microsoft Bookshelf 98, Microsoft Corp., 1998
* Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com Comment: "sarsaparilla." Accessed 8 Dec. 2004 .
Category:Materials database
Sarutoriibara/Batsukatsu (Wild Smilax) - left (193 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_193.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 193
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (193 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| light brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| さるとりいばら /菝葜 : Sarutoriibara/Batsukatsu
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Wild Smilax
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Smilax china L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime water
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| A historic document ( - Betsuroku ?) mentioned the use of leaves of this plant for dyeing by ordinary people in China from the earlier period. "".
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sarutoriibara/Batsukatsu (Wild Smilax) - right (193 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_07-09-2009_193.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 193
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 3rd shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (193 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| gray
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| さるとりいばら /菝葜 : Sarutoriibara/Batsukatsu
|-	
! scope="row"|Dye (English common name)
| Wild Smilax
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (botanical name)
| Smilax china L.
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / dried (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water (?)
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| A historic document ( - Betsuroku ?) mentioned the use of leaves of this plant for dyeing by ordinary people in China from the earlier period. "".
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sasa - left (386 L)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_386.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 386
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| left (386 L)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| pale brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 笹 : Sasa
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| lime
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The resultant colors were unsatisfactory. Mordanting with alum resulted in a paler color than with lime.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sasa - right (386 R)

[[[SliderGallery rightalign|Uemura_10-15-2009_386.jpg~Normal]]]{| class="wikitable"
|-	
! scope="row"|Museum number
| 386
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura number / title
| ; "Haze-some 25"
|-	
! scope="row"|Folder location
| 5th shelf
|-	
! scope="row"|Sample location
| right (386 R)
|-	
! scope="row"|Fiber type
| silk
|-	
! scope="row"|Color
| brown
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff (Japanese common name)
| 笹 : Sasa
|-	
! scope="row"|Plant part
| leaf / unspecified
|-	
! scope="row"|Dyestuff extraction
| boiled in water
|-	
! scope="row"|Auxiliary agent in dye bath
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Mordant
| iron
|-	
! scope="row"|Other auxiliary agent
| -
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's notes
| The resultant colors were unsatisfactory. Mordanting with alum resulted in a paler color than with lime.
|-	
! scope="row"|Uemura's date
| Kyoto
|}
Category:Uemura dye archive
Sassafras

== Description ==
Any of several shrubs or small laurel trees from the Sassafras genus (S. variifolium, S. albidum, S. lauraceae) that are native to the northern temperate region. Sassafras shrubs are commercially known for their fragrant oil that is used in perfumes, root beer, and tea. The soft, lightweight wood has a moderately coarse, but straight grain with an uneven texture. The lumber has been used for fence posts, cabinetry and furniture but it cracks and splits easily. The wood is often chipped then extracted with water to produce a rose-brown to gray color textile dye with good color fastness.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
saxifrax; ague tree (Sassafras albidum); cinnamon wood; saloop; golden deal (yellow sassafras); Sassafrasbaum (Deut.); sassafra (Fr.)
== Risks ==
* Wood is subject to insect and fungal attack. 
* One component of the oil (safrole) is toxic and considered a carcinogen.
== Physical and Chemical Properties ==
* Medium tree growing to 30m with straight trunk. 
* Bark = Deeply furrowed brown color; when cut shows cinnamon color interior with strong spicy smell. 
* Leaves = tri-lobal (25-30cm) .
* Other characteristics = yellow flowers in spring followed by blue berries. 
* Wood density = 25-35 ppcf.
== Resources and Citations ==
* Rosalie Rosso King, Textile Identification, Conservation, and Preservation, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1985
* F. H. Titmuss, Commercial Timbers of the World, The Technical Press Ltd., London, 1965
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6941
* Virginia Tech Dendrology website at www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htm (accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* Wikipedia,: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassafras (Accessed Oct. 8, 2005)
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 751
Category:Materials database
Sassafras oil

== Description ==
An oil extracted from the root bark of the sassafras trees (Sassafras variifolium, S. albidum, S. lauraceae) native to northern temperate regions. Sassafras oil is used as an odorant in fabrics, a flavorant and an ingredient in soaps and medicine.
== Synonyms and Related Terms ==
Sassafras variifolium; Sassafras albidum; Sassafras lauraceae; oil of sassafras; aceite de sasafrás (Esp.)
==Resources and Citations==
* G.S.Brady, Materials Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971 Comment: p. 751
* S.R.Trotman, E.R. Trotman, Textile Analysis, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1932
* The Merck Index, Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck Research Labs, Rahway NJ, 10th edition, 1983 Comment: entry 6941
Category:Materials database