Презентація на тему «Australia» (варіант 6)

 Australian history is almost always picturesque;  It does not read like history, but like the most beautiful of lies.  And all of a fresh new sort, no mouldy old stale ones.  It is full of surprises, and adventures, and incongruities, and contradictions, and incredibilities ;                                                Mark Twain
Plan
Early History
Early History
The greatest population density for Aborigines developed in the southern and eastern regions, the River Murray valley in particular. "Firestick farming" amongst northern Australian people was used to encourage plant growth that attracted animals. 
The Name of Australia 
The Discovery of Australia
 The first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon. The Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent "New Holland".William Dampier, an English explorer landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688 and again in 1699 on a return trip. 
The "First Fleet" 
In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. In 1780, the British Government sent a fleet of ships, the "First Fleet", under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, the establishment of farming, industry and commerce; and the exploration and settlement of other regions.
Recherche Bay
In 1792, two French ships, La Recherche and L'Espérance anchored in a harbour near Tasmania's southernmost point they called Recherche Bay. 
Convicts and free settlers
        When the Bellona transport came to anchor in Sydney Cove on 16 January 1793, she brought with her the first immigrant free settlers. 
Irish Convicts
One in three convicts transported after 1798 was Irish, about a fifth of whom were transported in connection with the political and agrarian disturbances common in Ireland at the time. 
The Foundation of Modern Australia
A Gold Rush
A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s and the Eureka Rebellion against mining licence fees in 1854 was an early expression of civil disobedience .Between 1855 and 1890, the six colonies individually gained responsible government, managing most of their own affairs while remaining part of the British Empire. The Colonial Office in London retained control of some matters, notably foreign affairs,defence, and international shipping.
The Modern Australia
Melbourne, Victoria. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. The Commonwealth of Australia was established and it became a dominion of the British Empire in 1907. 
World War I
In 1914, Australia joined Britain in fighting World War I, with support from both the outgoing Commonwealth Liberal Party and the incoming Australian Labor Party. Australians took part in many of the major battles fought on the Western Front. 
ANZUS 
Since 1951, Australia has been a formal military ally of the US, under the ANZUS treaty. 1939-1945 World War II: Anzac troops in Greece, Crete, and N-Africa (El Alamein) and the Pacific. The Japanese bomb Darwin in 1942.  After World War II Australia encouraged immigration from Europe. Since the 1970s and following the abolition of the White Australia policy, immigration from Asia and elsewhere was also promoted. As a result, Australia's demography, culture, and self-image were transformed.
 The final constitutional ties between Australia and the UK were severed with the passing of the Australia Act 1986, ending any British role in the government of the Australian States, and closing the option of judicial appeals to the Privy Council in London.
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