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  These two positions are often referred to as the «pull» < and «push» theories of motivation.
  The pull theory finds most of man's motivation in the environment, < in external forces such as rewards and punishments.
  Any action a person takes < can be explained from several different points of view.
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  The key difference is how man < is seen primarily.
  If placed on a continuum from passivity to activity, the order of the three viewpoints < would be behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanism.
  These two positions are often referred to as the «pull» < and «push» theories of motivation.
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  The view that behaviour should be the sole subject-matter of psychology < was first advanced by the American psychologist John B.Watson in the early 1900s.
  It can also be described without reference to anything within the body; < the green light is a stimulus to which you respond by crossing the street.
  The three major psychological views of man - < the beha vioristic, the psychoanalytic, and the humanistic — differ most importantly on the issue of whether man is to be conceived primarily as passive or active.
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  If placed on a continuum from passivity to activity, the order of the three viewpoints < would be behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanism.
  These two positions are often referred to as the «pull» < and «push» theories of motivation.
  One approach to the study of human beings attempts to relate their actions to events < taking place inside the body, particularly within the brain and the nervous system.
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  This view focuses on the observable behaviours of man; < that is, those factors that influence him in his environment and his reactions to these forces.
  It can also be described without reference to anything within the body; < the green light is a stimulus to which you respond by crossing the street.
  The pull theory finds most of man's motivation in the environment, < in external forces such as rewards and punishments.
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  Traditionally the child must do tests < to evaluate mental development without help from others.
  Vygotsky believed that school learning contributes something qualitatively new to the child's development, < that it stimulates processes of development which would not occur without it.
  If placed on a continuum from passivity to activity, the order of the three viewpoints < would be behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanism.
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  Though Piaget does believe the role of the environment in developing is strategic, he assumes < that the child's intellectual potential is determined biologically.
  In other words, certain functions must mature and development must reach a certain stage < before the school can begin teaching knowledge and skills effectively.
  In the relationship between learning and development < it is learning that lags behind.
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  In other words, certain functions must mature and development must reach a certain stage < before the school can begin teaching knowledge and skills effectively.
  In the relationship between learning and development < it is learning that lags behind.
  The other two models of man, however, are gradually placing more emphasis on the importance of man < as the single most important determiner of his behavior in order to explain how so much of human behavior is initiated by man.
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  One of the most influential schools of psychology abroad < is that of Jean Piaget, a most prolific writer.
  He is considered by more and more psychologists < and educators to be «Mr. Child Psychologist».
  He was preoccupied especially with nature of cognitive < and intellectual development in the growing child.
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  His theory affirms the development of new cognitive structures < in a series of age-related stages.
  He believed that, although man may be at times an active agent in his own development and behaviour, < he is still basically what his environment makes him.
  What is the most effective method < for teaching children to read?
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  He is considered by more and more psychologists < and educators to be «Mr. Child Psychologist».
  He was preoccupied especially with nature of cognitive < and intellectual development in the growing child.
  Any action a person takes < can be explained from several different points of view.
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