Тьфу, компьютер глюканул  Написала, послала - смотрю, у меня задвоилось. Ну я одну удалила, а вышло, что она была одна??ДублируюВо, нашла свои старые ссылки (не знаю, работают ли ещё или нет, у меня имеил был сохранён)http://www.americanpregnancy.org/preventingpregnancy/birthcontrolfailure.html Condom - Male - 14%<BR>Withdrawal - 19% http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHPRC/ch6_non.htmlEffectiveness (failure rate)- 7%-22%. Note that the typical failure rate exceeds 1 in 5. In 100 users who use withdrawal correctly and consistently, the lowest estimated failure rate would be 7 pregnancies in one year. http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/summarychart.htmlTypical Use: 19 Women Become PregnantPerfect Use: 4 Women Become Pregnant http://www.cbctrust.com/contraceptive.htmlWITHDRAWAL 4 TO 19 http://www.un.org/popin/popis/journals/network/network171/wtdrw171.html It's very unpredictable how it's going to work; says Dr. Carlos Huezo of London, medical director of the International Planned <BR>Parenthood Federation (IPPF). Using withdrawal takes commitment, discipline and motivation. For those who have experience and find it effective, it should be one of the choices IPPF does not promote the method, which has a relatively high failure rate, but provides <information on it. We don't think it is appropriate to move people away from using withdrawal if they are using it well, explains Dr. Huezo. While experts estimate typical failure rates for withdrawal at 19 percent, this figure is based on only four studies since the 1960s.One of those, a prospective study conducted by Dr. Martin Vessey and colleagues in England, found only a 7 percent ailure rate, based on 674 women-years of withdrawal use and 45 unintended pregnancies.Some have assumed that withdrawal is not reliable because pre-ejaculate fluid contains viable sperm ( an assumption that two small studies have questioned. One study found no sperm in the pre-ejaculatory fluid of 16 men. The other found a few small clumps of sperm in this fluid from five of 15 men, but the sperm appeared to be inactive. If women know their menstrual cycle and are aware of pregnancy high-risk periods, then withdrawal can work with modern NFP [natural family planning], says Dr. Aysen Bulut of the University of Istanbul<