nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
WWW.UZ dagi bo‘limlar ("Katalog", "Top-reyting", "Jamlangan statistika" va "Yangiliklar") foydalanuvchiga qator qulayliklarni yaratadi

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WWW.UZ dagi bo‘limlar ("Katalog", "Top-reyting", "Jamlangan statistika" va "Yangiliklar") foydalanuvchiga qator qulayliklarni yaratadi
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bet | 3/5 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,17 Mb. | | #136072 |
Bog'liq 6-mavzuWWW.UZ dagi bo‘limlar ("Katalog", "Top-reyting", "Jamlangan statistika" va "Yangiliklar") foydalanuvchiga qator qulayliklarni yaratadi. - "Katalog" bo‘limida bevosita O‘zbekiston Respublikasiga aloqador bo‘lgan, ro‘yxatga olingan, ularga tavsif berilgan hamda katalog mavzulari bo‘yicha saralangan veb-saytlar haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Katalog foydalanuvchilari kerak bo‘lgan saytni yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha (Iqtisod, Sport, Madaniyat, Yangiliklar va boshqalar) qidiruv orqali tezroq topishadi. Saytlarning yo‘nalishlar bo‘yicha ruknlarga (moliya, siyosat, kino va hokazo yo‘nalishlarda) ajratilgani ham qo‘shimcha qulaylik beradi.
Internetdan foydalanishni o‘rgangan va uning samarasidan bahramand bo‘lishni istagan har bir shaxs qidiruv tizimlarining imkoniyatlaridan yaxshi xabardor bo‘lishi, undan foydalanish yo‘llarini puxta o‘zlashtirishi talab etiladi. Bunda nafaqat jahon axborot resurslaridan, balki milliy segmentdan ham foydalana olishning ahamiyati katta. Chunki o‘zbek internet dunyosi ham har kuni yuzlab, minglab foydali axborotlar bilan boyimoqda. Ularni topish va batafsil tanishish uchun esa milliy axborot-qidiruv tizimlari ko‘magiga tayanishga to‘g‘ri keladi. - Internetdan foydalanishni o‘rgangan va uning samarasidan bahramand bo‘lishni istagan har bir shaxs qidiruv tizimlarining imkoniyatlaridan yaxshi xabardor bo‘lishi, undan foydalanish yo‘llarini puxta o‘zlashtirishi talab etiladi. Bunda nafaqat jahon axborot resurslaridan, balki milliy segmentdan ham foydalana olishning ahamiyati katta. Chunki o‘zbek internet dunyosi ham har kuni yuzlab, minglab foydali axborotlar bilan boyimoqda. Ularni topish va batafsil tanishish uchun esa milliy axborot-qidiruv tizimlari ko‘magiga tayanishga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Axborot izlash jarayoni - Axborot izlash jarayoni Internetda axborot iste'molchisining va Internet tuzilmalaridagi axborot izlash tizimlari bilan muloqoti asosida yuz beradi. Iste'molchi o‘zining axborotga bo‘lgan talabini axborot so‘rovi tarzida shakllantiradi. Bu so‘rovni bajarish uchun brouzer axborot izlash tizimi vositasida so‘rovga mos kelgan faktlar, hujjatlar yoki hujjatlar haqida ma'lumotlar topib beradi.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
WWW.UZ dagi bo‘limlar ("Katalog", "Top-reyting", "Jamlangan statistika" va "Yangiliklar") foydalanuvchiga qator qulayliklarni yaratadi
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Izlash ob'ektining turiga ko'ra uch xil axborot izlash farqlanadi: hujjat, fakt va bibliografiya izlash

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Izlash ob'ektining turiga ko'ra uch xil axborot izlash farqlanadi: hujjat, fakt va bibliografiya izlash
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bet | 4/5 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,17 Mb. | | #136072 |
Bog'liq 6-mavzuIzlash ob'ektining turiga ko'ra uch xil axborot izlash farqlanadi: hujjat, fakt va bibliografiya izlash. - Izlash ob'ektining turiga ko'ra uch xil axborot izlash farqlanadi: hujjat, fakt va bibliografiya izlash.
- Axborot elektron shaklda yo qog‘ozda aks etgan bo‘lishi mumkin. Quyida gap elektron shakldagi axborot izlash haqida boradi.
- Hujjat izlashdan maqsad so‘rovga mos keluvchi hujjatga ishoratlarni topib, so‘ngra shu hujjatlar nusxalarini iste'molchi kompyuteriga yuklashdir.
- Roppa-rosa 40 yil avval, 1971 yilning oktabrida birinchi email jo‘natilgandi. Aynan o‘sha vaqtdan boshlab elektron xabarlar almashishning yangi davri boshlandi.
- EMAIL QANDAY PAYDO BO‘LGAN?
- Ko‘plab texnologik yangiliklar singari elektron pochta ham harbiy tadqiqotlar "mahsuli" hisoblanadi. 60-yillar yakunida Rey Tomlinson yangi tadqiqot ustida ish olib bordi. Olib borilayotgan ishning mazmun-mohiyati harbiy aloqa tarmog‘i, internetning ilk shakli — ARPANET bilan bog‘liq yangi texnologiyani yaratish edi. Rey EHM uchun fayllar uzatish dasturini yozdi.
- Keyinroq fayllarni uzatish sohasida tajribaga ega Tomlinsonga SNDMSG nomli dasturni modifikatsiya qilish topshirildi. Amaldagi dasturda oddiy xabarlarni o‘zaro almashish bitta komputerda amalga oshirilishi mumkin edi, xolos. Tomlinsonga yuklatilgan vazifa — xabarlarni bir komputerdan ikkinchisiga jo‘natishni ta'minlash edi. Vazifa 1971 yilning oktabrida muvaffaqiyatli bajarildi. Yoddan chiqarmaslik kerak, bu davrda komputerlar juda qimmat bo‘lib, oddiy aholi undan foydalanish imkoniga ega emasdi.
Bir necha yillar o‘tib, Tomlinson The Times jurnaliga bergan intervusida ilk xabar qanday ko‘rinishda bo‘lganini eslolmasligini aytadi, balki u shunchaki harflar yig‘indisi, masalan, "QWERTY" shaklida bo‘lgan bo‘lishi mumkin. - Bir necha yillar o‘tib, Tomlinson The Times jurnaliga bergan intervusida ilk xabar qanday ko‘rinishda bo‘lganini eslolmasligini aytadi, balki u shunchaki harflar yig‘indisi, masalan, "QWERTY" shaklida bo‘lgan bo‘lishi mumkin.
- Birinchi xatlar almashinuvi amalga oshirilgan ikki komputerning oralig‘i bir metr edi. Xabar jo‘natish uchun juda qisqa masofa, ammo aynan oddiygina shu tajriba insoniyat hayotini o‘zgartira oldi.
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O‘zbekiston respublikasi raqamli texnologiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti mustaqil ish

O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR
VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI TOSHKENT AXBOROT
TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI
Mustaqil ish
Mavzu: “Modul arifmetikasi tushunchasi."
Bajardi
____________ Xamzayev A.M
Tekshirdi
____________ Karimov A.A.
Toshkent 2023
Reja
Kirish………………………………………………………………………………..
1. Modul arifmetikasi ................................................................................................
2 Ochiq kalitli kriptotizm..........................................................................................
3. Mantiqiy arifmetik amallar...................................................................................
Xulosa...........................................................................................................................
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.........................................................................................
Kirish
Ochiq kalitli kriptotizimlarni chuqur o’rganishdan oldin ularning
asosihisoblangan sonlar nazariyasi bilan yaqindan tanishib chiqish muhim
hisoblanadi. Ochiq kalitli kriptotizimlar asosan modul arifmetikasiga asoslangani
bois, dastlab ularga to’xtalib o’tiladi.
Ma'lumotlarni shifrlash va dekodlash jarayonlarida turli kalitlardan. -
Shuning uchun kalitlarni taqsimlashda muammo yo'q. Ochiq kalitli kriptotizimlarni
yozishda bir tomonlama funksiyaga asoslanadi. – funksiya oson ishlaydi, lekin
teskari funksiyani yuklash ham qiyin. Bu funksiya asosida faktoring misolini
olishimiz mumkin.
Kibrxavsizlikda Modul arifmetikasi tushunchasiga kirish o‘zbek
matematikasida turlichamdir modul yoki qoldiqdir . Juda tebal. Modul (qoldiq) -
ikkita butun son a va b orasidagi farqni ifodalovchi son. Modul bilan ishlashga esa,
iki sonning kesmalar mahallidagi yig'indisini topish imkonini beruvchi yordamida.
Masalan, 15 ning 6ga bo‘lganda qoldiq hisoblanadi 15mod6=3. Bu yerda 15 soni
6ga qoldiqsiz bo'linganda 2 ni qoldiqni esa 3 ni yoki modulini ko'rsatadi.
Arifmetika moduli, sonlar, jadval, alifbo, avtomobil yugurishini hisoblash va
boshqalar kabi har qanday hisoblash va matematik amallari uchun qurilmalarni va
protsedurlarni e‘lon etish uchun ishlatiladi. Ko‘p vaqt o‘tkazilganlar uchun, bu
tushuncha sodda, odatda tushunishga olib keladi. Arifmetika moduli yordamida
muayyan amallar uchun protseduralar yaratilishi mumkin.
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Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlari

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Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlari
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bet | 3/12 | Sana | 05.06.2024 | Hajmi | 0,85 Mb. | | #260598 |
Bog'liq Malumotlar ombori AcsesMa’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlari - axborotlarni birlashtirish va ularni qayta ishlash, saralash hamda ma’lumotlar omboridan ma’lum shartlar asosida kerakli axborotlarni izlash va tanlash imkoniyatlarini beruvchi dasturiy vositalardir.
Ma’lumotlar omborini turli usul va dasturiy vositalar orqali tashkil etish mumkin. Ma’lumotlar ombori dasturlash tizimlari orqali ham tashkil etiladi. Ushbu dasturlash tizimlariga Clipper, Paradox, Oracle, FoxPro, SQL va boshqalar kiradi. Dasturlash tizimlari orqali ma’lumotlar omborini tashkil etish bir qancha noqulayliklar keltirib chiqaradi. Birinchidan, ushbu dasturlash tizimlari orqali ma’lumotlar omborini yaratish, qayta ishlash va kerakli ma’lumotni izlash jarayoni dastur tuzish orqali amalga oshiriladi va foydalanuvchidan dasturlash tilini bilish talab etiladi. Ikkinchidan, bunday usulda ma’lumotlar omborini tashkil etish ko‘p vaqtni talab etadi.
MOBTning asosiy vasifalari ma’lumotlar ustida amallar bajarishdan iborat bo‘lib, ular, asosan quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi:
Ma’lumotlar omboriga yangi yozuvlar va fayllarni kiritish;
Ma’lumotlar omboridagi ma’lumotni yangilash;
Kerak bo‘lmagan ma’lumotlarni ombordan o‘chirib tashlash;
Ma’lumotlarni izlash;
Foydalanuvchilar turkumiga kerakli ma’lumotlarni chiqarish;
Fayllarni birlashtirish va ajratish;
Fayllardan nusha olish va ularni tiklash.
Ko‘p hollarda bir faylning hajmi ortib boradi va uni ikki yoki undan ortiq qismlarga ajratish zaruriyati tug‘iladi. Ba’zan esa fayldagi ma’lumotlar eskirib boradi va keraksiz ma’lumorlarni o‘chirish natijasida fayl hajmi qisqarib, uni boshqa fayllarga qo‘shish mumkin bo‘ladi.
Yuqorida sanab o‘tilgan vazifalardan tashqari, MOBT quyidagi vazifalarni ham bajaradi (ular odatda ma’muriy vazifalar deb yuritiladi):
Ma’lumotlar omborini maxsus ruxsati bo‘lmaganlardan himoya qilish;
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Savol va topshiriqlar - Dars. Ma’lumotlar ombori haqida tushuncha

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Dars. Ma’lumotlar ombori haqida tushuncha
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bet | 5/12 | Sana | 05.06.2024 | Hajmi | 0,85 Mb. | | #260598 |
Bog'liq Malumotlar ombori AcsesSavol va topshiriqlar
9Ш 1. Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlari deganda nima tushuniladi?
' 2. Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlari yaratilish sabablarini tushuntiring.
® 3. Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlariga misollar keltiring.
Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlarining vazifalari nimalardan iborat?
Ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimlarining ma’muriy vazifalari haqida so‘zlab bering.
MS ACCESSning boshqa MOBTlardan farqi qanday?
Ma’lumotlar ombori axborot shakliga ko‘ra necha turga bo‘linadi?
MS ACCESS ma’lumotlar omborini boshqarish tizimi MS Office paketiga kiruvchi dasturlar bilan fayllarni import va eksport qilish imkoniyatlari haqida gapirib bering.
MS ACCESSning imkoniyatlari haqida so‘zlab bering.
Ma’lumotlar omborining asosiy elementi - jadval haqida ma’lumot bering.
Ma’lumotlar ombori jadvaliga ma’lumot kiritish tartibini tushuntiring.
Jadval elementlari nimalardan iborat?
“Maktab dars jadvali” ma’lumotlar omborini tuzing.
- dars. MS Access dasturining asosiy elementlari va maydonlar xususiyati
MS Access dasturini ishga tushirish Microsoft Offise paketining MS Word dasturi kabi uch xil usulda amalga oshirish mumkin:
Masalalar panelidagi Ш piktogrammasi yordamida;
Ish stolidagi E£l yorlig‘i yordamida;
quyidagi ketma-ketlikdagi buyruqlarni bajarish orqali amalga oshiriladi:
^—
3
Программы
Microsoft Access
Access dasturida ishni tugallash uchun esa a piktogrammasini yoki fayl menyusining
“Выход” - ya’ni chiqish buyrug‘ini tanlash yoki Alt + F4 klavishalarini birga bosish yetarli.
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O‘rnatilgan tizimlari fanidan 5-6-amaliy ish topshirig‘i mavzu: Tranzistor, fotoqarshilik va harorat datchigi bilan ishlash. Bajardi

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O‘rnatilgan tizimlari fanidan 5-6-amaliy ish topshirig‘i mavzu: Tranzistor, fotoqarshilik va harorat datchigi bilan ishlash. Bajardi
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bet | 1/3 | Sana | 16.05.2024 | Hajmi | 22,66 Kb. | | #239042 |
Bog'liq 1715528139 (4)
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI
TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI
Kompyuter injiniringi fakulteti
Sun’iy intellekt kafedrasi
O‘rnatilgan tizimlari fanidan
5-6-AMALIY ISH TOPSHIRIG‘I
Mavzu: Tranzistor, fotoqarshilik va harorat datchigi bilan ishlash.
Bajardi: _______ guruh talabasi
___________________
Tekshirdi: Sh.I.Xoldorov
TOSHKENT – 2024
5-6-topshiriq
Ishdan maqsad: Tranzistor, fotoqarshilik va harorat datchigi xususiyatlarini o‘rganish va ular haqida ma’lumot olish. Ularni boshqarish uchun datchiklarning ishlash prinsiplari, qurilmaga ulanishi va dastur yozish ko‘nikmalarini hosil qilish
Vazifalar:
Jadvalda berilgan topshiriqlarni bajarish.
Online simulyatorlarda sxemani topshiriq bo‘yicha yig‘ish va dastur yozish
Amaliy ish bo‘yicha hisobot tayyorlash (qisqacha nazariy qism, amaliy qism, kod qismi, ulanish sxemasi rasmlari, xulosa)
Topshiriqlar https://wokwi.com yoki https://www.tinkercad.com onlayn simulyatorlarda amaliy bajarilib hisobotga ulanish sxemasi va dastur kodi ilova qilinishi zarur. Hisobotda dastlab qo‘llanilgan modul va datchiklar haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar keltirilishi va xulosa yozilishi shart. Ishni simulyatorda bajarilgan manzili ilovasi berilishi zarur.
#
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F.I.O
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1
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Abdug‘afforov Akramjon Islomjon o‘g‘li
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2
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Abduraufov Abulqosim Abduvali o‘g‘li
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3
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Ahrorov Habubullo Bahtiyor o‘g‘li
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4
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Hamidov Bahrom Botir o‘g‘li
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5
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Ne‘matullayev Nurjahon Murodjon o‘g‘li
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6
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Nuraliyev Diyorbek Sherboy o‘g‘li
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7
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Nuriddinov Davron Yusuf o‘g‘li
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8
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Nuriddinov Diyorbek Husniddinovich
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9
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Qo‘chqorov Elyor Anvar o‘g‘li
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10
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Shobo‘tayev Javlonbek Bahodir o‘g‘li
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11
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Xolmatov Elbek Sherzod o‘g‘li
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12
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Xonkelov Javlon Nosir o‘g‘li
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13
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Zarifova Zumrad Akbarjon qizi
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
O‘rnatilgan tizimlari fanidan 5-6-amaliy ish topshirig‘i mavzu: Tranzistor, fotoqarshilik va harorat datchigi bilan ishlash. Bajardi
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Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati

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Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 17.01.2024 | Hajmi | 36,21 Kb. | | #139822 |
Bog'liq Kompyuter strukturasi.Ma\'lumotlar. Mashina arifmetikasiFoydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati:
I.A.Karimov «Barkamol avlod - O’zbekiston taraqqiyotining poydevori». -T.: O’zbekiston. 1999. 62 bet.
I.A.Karimov Bizdan ozod va obod Vatan qolsin. -T.: O’zbekiston. 1996. 300 bet.
I.A.Karimov Yuksak ma’naviyat – yengilmas kuch. -T.: Ma’naviyat. 2008, 171 bet.
I.A.Karimov O’zbekiston mustaqillikka erishish ostanasida. -T.: O’zbekiston 2011. 440 bet.
O’zbekiston Respublikasi «Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi». -T.: Sharq, 1997.
«Axborotlashtirish haqida» O’zbekiston Respublikasi qonuni. -T.: 1993. 7- may.
O’zbekiston Respublikasi ta'lim sohasini axborotlashtirish kontseptsiyasi. Loyiha. O’zbekiston «O'qituvchi» 2004. 9 aprel.
«Kompyuterlashtirishni yanada rivojlantirish va axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarni joriy etish chora- tadbirlari to'g'risida» O’zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2002 yil 6 iyundagi 200- sonli qarori.
"2001-2005 yillarda kompyuter va axborot texnologiyalarini rivojlantirish. "Internet" ning xalqaro axborot tizimlariga keng kirib borishini ta'minlash dasturini ishlab chiqishni tashkil etish chora-tadbirlari to’g’risida" gi O’zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 23. 05. 2001 yildagi qarori.
Axborot tizimlari va texnologiyalari: Oliy o’quv yurtlari talabalari uchun darslik //Mualliflar jamoasi: S.S.G'ulomov, R.X.Alimov, X.S.Lutfullaev va boshqalar - Toshkent.: «Sharq». 2000.
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Grammar for IELTS - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

Unit 3
Practice exercises
Complete the sentences 1-6 using the verbs in the brackets and decide on the correct
grammatical form from the alternatives given.
1
Managing an actor's image though media relations become popular in the 1980s. Up
u n til then a c to rs _________
[not care) much about th e ir public image.
Form: past perfect o r
would?
2
Newspapers and m agazines__________
(respect) the privacy of celebrities more than
they do nowadays.
Form: used to or past perfect?
3 As a child I loved playing the g u ita r and I _________
[dream] of being a w e ll-kno w n
m usician.
Form: would or past perfect?
U U ntil the 1990s, fo o tb a lle rs _________
[not earn) such large salaries and they did n 't use
to be so famous.
Form: past perfect o r
would?
5
Before w orking in television I ___________
[always think} that celebrities were special
people, but now I know many of them are quite norm al.
Form: past perfect or past perfect continuous?
6 The p h o to g ra p h e rs_________
[wait] hours fo r the stars to arrive at the 2010 Oscar
ceremony.
Form: past perfect continuous or
used to?
Gram m ar tip: The past perfect is often used w ith a tim e expression such as
before,
when o r
by the time.
Unlike the present perfect, specific tim es (e.g.
in 1993} can be used w ith the past
perfect.
0
2
Listen to a radio programme about fame and complete the text with the correct verb
04
•
forms.
In today’s program m e I’ll continue exam ining the im pact of fame on lifestyle using the
style icon Gloria Van Broncken as an example. Before becoming fam ous in the m odelling
industry, Gloria (1 ] ___________ in a s m a ll village and (2 ]____________ outside her own
country. She [3 ]___________ in a clothes store and she enjoyed a ll the usual activities of
a teenager in her free tim e. She
[U] ___________ in the clothes store fo r two years when a
custom er who represented a m odel agency spotted her and signed her up. By the tim e she
was 21 Gloria (5 )___________ round the w orld several tim es and (6 )____________ on the
cover of many international fashion magazines. Now the im pact of such drastic lifestyle
changes can be very s ig n ific a n t...
[fade]
Decide which rule matches the meaning of each sentence

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Decide which rule matches the meaning of each sentenceBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsDecide which rule matches the meaning of each sentence.
1
'I've made a revision tim etable fo r the next m onth. I ____________ study hard fo r this
exam !’ F o rm :____________ R u le :_____________
2
‘ In the future, I th in k more p e op le ____________ study courses online.'
F o rm :____________ R ule :_____________
3
'Alejandro has failed many of his exams, so I don’t th in k h e ____________ be able to go
to University th is year.’ F o rm :____________ R u le :_____________
U
'No I ____________ let you borrow my calculator. I need it fo r the next exercise.'
F o rm :____________
5 The next academic y e a r____________ sta rt in September. F o rm :_____________
R u le :____________
j Gram m ar tip: Going to and w/7/ are based on perspective when used fo r predictions, and
I can often be interchangeable. Som etim es, when a person uses w ill they are not so sure,
i When a person uses going to they are surer. However, as perspectives are subjective,
j
there is not usually one correct answer.
! I'll go to one of the best universities in the country, (this prediction is probably based on
; w hat the speaker w ants and hopes)
I I'm going to go to one of the best universities in the country, (this prediction is more
i likely to be based on the student's knowledge of th e ir own academic achievement, fo r
| example, if they always get the top grades in th e ir class]
2
Read the answers A-C to this Part 3 Speaking exercise and match them to the questions 1-3.
1
How do you th in k education w ill change in the future?
2 What are the main argum ents about education in your country at the moment?
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QUESTIONS 1-6 - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

6
The family
Word o rd e r I P u n c tu a tio n
Basic word order
Word order is im portant in English. Sentences usually fo llo w the principle:
Subject + Verb + O bject/Com plem ent + F u rth e r inform ation
My brother kicked the ball.
Roles w ithin the fam ily are becoming flexible in m odern society.
Subject =
brother
Subject =
Roles within the family
Verb =
kick
Verb =
are becoming-, Adjective =
flexible
Object =
bait
Prepositional phrase =
in modern society
The indirect object:
W ithout
to: S + V + Indirect object + Object
The 1912 law gave women the right to vote.
With to:
S + V + Object +
to + Indirect object
The 1912 law gave the righ t to vote to w om en.
Time and place phrases:
[T im e] + Subject + Verb +(0bject ] + Place + (T im e)
In the tw entieth century, more women went out to w ork in offices.
OR
More women w ent out to w ork in offices in the tw entieth century.
Common word positioning:
Adjective + Noun
He comes from a large fam ily.
Adverb + Main verb
The siblings continually argue. They have always argued.
Adverb + Adjective
Family stru ctu re s can be extrem ely com plex.
Note: enough is an exception
Adverbs can be found at the front of a sentence when making a com m ent on the sentence or
linking a previous sentence. There are many exceptions to adverb position, particularly in speaking.
Note: Adverbs often go a fte r the verb
to be, e.g.
My brother is often annoying.
Look at these sentences 1-3 and write answers that contradict them. Use the verbs in the

|
Look at these sentences 1-3 and write answers that contradict them. Use the verbs in theBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsLook at these sentences 1-3 and write answers that contradict them. Use the verbs in the
brackets.
1
Alex:
I’ll pick you up from school la te r if you would like.
Paula:
No, that's okay. I _________________ [walk] home as I w ant to get some
sweets from the shop. (Plan)
2 Philip:
I’ m going to see Jane tonight, so
I can te ll her about the hom ework.
Fiona:
Don't w orry, I ________________ [call] her, as I w ant to speak to her anyway.
(Instant decision)
3 Mike:
I m going to w alk over to the lib ra ry tonight and take my book back.
Penny:
_________________ [do] it? It's easy fo r me to drive down. (Offer)
Mike:
Thanks!
4
Look at the audio script below and correct any mistakes in the future forms. There are five
mistakes.
Librarian: Hello there. How can I help you?
John:
I w ill do a presentation on Mary Shelley, and I’d like to get some books on her.
Librarian:
Okay. The biographies are on the third floor. I'll to w rite the aisle num ber
down fo r you.
John:
Thanks. I m ight use the Internet too and look fo r resources on there.
Librarian: That's a good idea. If you're going use the Internet, have a look on the Great
B ritish A uthors website.
John:
Thanks, I’m going to. I haven't heard of that site before. Thanks very much fo r
the inform ation.
Librarian:
That's quite a ll right. Feel free to come and ask me any questions and I w on't
do my best to help.
Listen to Track 05 on the CD and check your answers.
Grammar for IELTS
Unit 4
Exam practice: Listening Section 1 - classifying
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2 0 
Gram mar for IELTS

Unit 15
Reported Speech
Tense changes
Direct speech
Reported/indirect speech
Present simple:
7
like opera'
Past simple:
She said Ithatl she liked opera.
Present sim ple continuous:
'I'm studvina Japanese flower arranaina.'
Past continuous:
He said Ithatl he was studvina Japanese flower
arranging.
Present perfect simple:
7
have never been to the National Museum.'
Past perfect:
He said Ithatl he had never been to the National
Museum.
Present perfect continuous:
‘We've been oaintina for manv vears. ’
Past perfect continuous:
He said Ithat] they had been oaintina fo r many years.
Past simple:
‘We went to the theatre.'
Past perfect:
He said Ithatl they had aone to the theatre.
Past continuous:
'Yesterday 1 was listenina to the lecture on the radio
show. ’
Past perfect continuous:
She said that the previous day she had been listenina
to the lecture on the radio show.
Past perfect:
7
had read the novel.'
Past perfect:
She said Ithatl she had read the novel.
Going to (present):
'I'm aoina to visit the local craft shoD.'
Going to (past):
She said Ithatl she was
aoina to visit the local craft
shop.'
Will:
‘I'll start photography classes soon.'
Would:
He said Ithatl he would s ta rt photoaraphv classes
soon.
Can:
7 can
draw w e ll.'
Could:
She said Ithatl she could draw well.
May:
7
think young people may not be interested in
reading.'
Might:
The teacher said she thought Ithatl young people
m iaht not be interested in readinq.
Must:
7
m ust attend my son's school orchestra concert.'
Had to:
My boss said Ithatl he had to attend his son's school
orchestra concert.
Fashion
Exercise 1 - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

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Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for Exams17 Fashion
Exercise 1
1 D
2 B
3 E
4 C
5 A
Exercise 2
Paragraph 1, beginning The bar chart... = B
Paragraph 2, beginning Overall... = A
Paragraph 3, beginning Reqarding... = C
Exercise 3
1 C
2 B
3 A
Exam practice
A vi
B viii
C ii
D i
E v
18 Film and entertainment
Units 15-18
Exercise 1
1 To a certain extent, popular culture is being
dictated by the entertainment industry.
2 The new Broadway play, Star
Memories, should be avoided.
3 In the USA, cinem a-going has been voted
as the m ost popular weekend hobby.
4 The entertainment industry is known
to be very competitive. OR
It is known that the entertainment
industry is very competitive.
5 Hollywood is regarded as the most
influential town for filmmaking.
6 At the beginning of the 20th Century, fam ous
actors and actresses were contractually
restricted [by large film companies).
7 In relation to the plot of the book, the
ending of the film had been changed.
8 We were told to sit in seats 4a and 4b.
Exercise 2
1 w as founded
2 m ost well known
3 the standards
4 TV categories were
5 50th/fiftieth anniversary
Exercise 3
'M y favourite book is called the Hunger Games. It w as
wretewritten by Suzanne Collins I think and it is a
really good book. The story is set in North America,
but at a time when things are very bad. It's a story of
a terrible society, which is separated into districts. A
boy and girl from each district s end are sent to take
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Fame 
1 5 - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

Read the following text about a famous businesswoman and correct the mistakes in the
use of past perfect, past perfect continuous, used to and would. There are four mistakes.
Making money out of other people's fame is a highly specialised skill, but one that can
bring great rewards to those who practise it proficiently. M arianne Beretoli is one of
those people; she owns a company which sells inform ation about celebrities to other
celebrities as a kind of careers advice service. Although
she was born in France, she
use to dream of moving to the USA, specifically Hollywood. W hilst studying
business at
university Beretoli was known fo r her innovative approach to applying theory to practice
and she would to often challenge the ideas of her tutors.
When she had graduated,
Beretoli worked in Paris and tried unsuccessfully to set up her own m arketing agency.
Then she decided to move to the USA and w ithin m onths realised that she had been
making the righ t decision. She moved from Paris to Los Angeles in 1995 and a fte r she
had been w orking as an assistant fo r an advertising
agency fo r a few years, she had set
up her own company providing inform ation services to the rich and famous.
4
Read the text again and the multiple-choice questions below. Decide which answer A -D is
correct.
1
M arianne Beretoli moved to the USA...
A im m ediately after she had graduated from university.
B a fte r she had tried to start her own company and not been successful.
C a fte r she had been w orking for an agency in the advertising field fo r several years.
D before she studied business.
2
How did Beretoli behave w hile studying business at university?
A She used to be a challenge.
8-sinf Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari 2-chsb

8-sinf Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari 2-CHSB
2. (B 2 ball) Kompyuter tarmog‘i orqali ma’lumotlar uzatishni tartibga soluvchi
apparat yoki dasturiy ta’minot qanday nomlanadi?
a) Utilit b) Fayervol c) Drayver d) Paket
4. (Q 2.8 ball) Adobe Spark dasturida ishchi sohaga rasm joylash qaysi bo‘limda amalga oshiriladi?
a) Elements-Photos b) Templates-Photos c) Media- Photos d) Brands-Photos
5. (Q 2.8 ball) Nuqtalar o‘rnini to‘ldiring.
Animatsiya ijro etiladigan tezlik soniyadagi kadrlar soni yoki FPS deb ataladi. FPS qancha yuqori boʻlsa, animatsiya shuncha tez namoyish etiladi. Agar FPS tezligi….., unda har bir kadr ekranda uzoqroq vaqt qoladi.
a) Oshsa b) Kamaysa c) Qo‘shilsa d) O‘zgarishsiz qolsa
7. (B 2 ball) Vektor tasvir formatlarini belgilang.
a) .svg, .eps, .ai, .cdr b) .png, .jpeg, .gif, .tiff c) webp, jpeg, avif d) .bmp, .psd, .cdr
8. (Q 2.8 ball) Maʼlumotlarni muntazam ravishda zaxira nusxalarini yaratish
tarmoq boshqaruvining qanday turiga mansub?
a) Uskunaviy Boshqarish b) Dasturiy taʼminotni boshqarish
c) Foydalanuvchi boshqaruvi d) Xavfsizlikni boshqarish
9. (Q 2.8 ball) Qaysi qatorda xavfsizlik uchun qo‘yiladigan parol qoidasi to‘g‘ri bajarilgan?
a) Qwerty123 b) F0rm@ c) Inf0rM@t1k@ d) %inform%
10. (Q 2.8 ball) "Yulduz" topologiyasida bitta kompyuterning ishlamay qolishi quyidagilarni o'chiradi:
a) Butun tarmoq b) Barcha keyingi kompyuterlar tarmog'i
c) Oldingi barcha kompyuterlar tarmog'i d) Faqat shu kompyuter tarmog'i
11. (Q 2.8 ball) Nuqtalar o‘rnini to‘ldiring. …..tasvir pikseldan tashkil topadi. Har bir piksel …..ga ega kichik kvadrat. Ushbu piksellar …..ni hosil qiladi.
a) Vektorli, nuqta, tasvir b) Rastrli, rang, tasvir
c) Rastrli, hajm, rang d) Vektorli, rang, tasvir
12.(B 2ball): harakatlarni bir xil amalga oshirish uchun ularning sonini hisoblaydigan kompyuter animatsiya vositasi qanday nomlanadi?
a) Motion b) Kadr c) Tween d) Animation
13. (Q 2.8 ball) Video yoki animatsiyani rejalashtirayotganda ular yoshi katta bollalar auditoriyasiga mos kelishi ucun qanday xususiyatlardan foydalanmaslik kerak?
a) Murakkabroq til/soʻzlardan foydalanish b) Matn uchun tasvirlardan foydalanish
c) Ranglardan keng koʻlamda foydalanish d) Qisqa/oddiy so‘zlardan foydalanish
14. (B 2ball) Faqat tovush fayllarini yaratish yoki tahrirlash imkonini beruvchi qanday dasturlar mavjud?(bir necha javob to‘g‘ri).
a) Audacity b) Adobe Spark c) Pencil 2D d) Adobe Audition
|
Free tim e 
1 3 - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

3
Fame
Past p e rfe c t te n se I Past p e rfe c t co n tin u o u s I used to I w ou ld
The follow ing fo rm s are used to ta lk about the past in addition to the past sim ple tense.
Past perfect:
The past perfect is used to talk about:
One completed action that happened before another action in the past. The past perfect is used for
the firs t action
Before he became the 2010 w orld sw im m ing
champion nobody had heard of James
Collins.
Every newspaper and TV channel in the USA
wanted to interview Neil A rm strong a fte r he
had landed on the moon.
Past perfect continuous:
The past perfect continuous is used to talk about:
Something that started in the past and continued up to a certain point in the past
The jo u rn a lis ts had been w aiting fo r over an
The Beatles had been playing together for
hour by the tim e the President arrived at the
years before they became famous,
palace.
Used to: Used to is used to talk about:
Past states and habits
The Spanish Royal fam ily used to be more
removed from public life than they are at
present.
Dickinson used to w ork in a departm ent store
before he became the owner of a fashion
chain in Australia.
Note: In the negative and question form ,
used to becomes
use to.
Would: Would is used to talk about:
The typical activities of a person or people in the past. It should be used fo r repeated actions and not
state and is alm ost always used in the positive form only
In the 1930s Hollywood stars would give
regular interview s in magazines and
newspapers to promote new movies.
Before publishing companies, w rite rs
would often pay fo r th e ir own printing and
distribution costs.
See page 116 in the G ram m ar reference fo r more inform ation.
Exercise 
U
 model answer

Units 19-20
Firstly, both men and women have qualities which
are important for bringing up and educating children.
These qualities are not specific to men or women,
therefore both genders are able to raise children
successfully. By saying that childcare is a specific
female role, children will receive a m essage which
portrays women as carers only. For example, young
g irls who are taught to believe that the place of women
is in the home may not try hard in school subjects
which are more male dominated, such as science.
Secondly, the role of women in the workplace has
changed significantly in the last fifty years. Many
wom en now hold senior positions in many areas of
employment. Women contribute a range of skills to the
workplace which are both valuable and important. In
my opinion, women should continue to focus on their
careers and ensure that their daughters are aware of
the opportunities which are available to them in life.
Men should also take on som e of the responsibility of
childcare and teach their so n s that this is a valuable
role in society for men as well as women.
In conclusion, it is important that men and women
share childcare duties because both genders have
important qualities and skills. However, wom en and
men should also be allowed to focus on their careers
and provide strong role m odels for children.
[287 words)
Exercise 3
1 ...two groups, which... (non-defining]
2 ...owls, which are nocturnal, fly... (non-defining)
3

|
Exercise 3
1 ...two groups, which... (non-defining]
2 ...owls, which are nocturnal, fly... (non-defining)
3 Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsExercise 3
1 ...two groups, which... (non-defining]
2 ...owls, which are nocturnal, fly... (non-defining)
3 [defining - there are resident owls
which produce only 2 offspring)
U [defining - there are southern long
eared owls which do not migrate)
Exercise
U
1 W ings
2 to hunt prey
3 (can) separate
U catch prey
Exam practice
1 leaves and branches
2 near rivers
3 Understory
U (perfect) environment for
20 Men and women
Exercise 1
1 A large audience of dedicated fans = determiner
+ adjective + noun + prepositional phrase
2 The politician who had proposed new laws on
paternity rights = determiner + noun + relative
clause
3 The development of language skills in boys
and girls = determiner + general noun +
specific noun + prepositional phrase
U The latest figures from the Driving
Standards Agency = determiner + adjective
+ noun + prepositional phrase
5 Gender intelligence stereotypes
= noun + noun + noun
6 Men who decide to give up work to bring up
their children = noun + relative clause
Exercise 2
1 a large quantity of household products
that we use in our daily lives
2 a language for program m ing computers
3 the scientific and technical education of women
U a dramatic rise in the num ber of women who are
studying and w orking in science and technology
5 the importance of a focused education which
allows people to develop their skills
Exercise 3 Suggested answers
2 the range/type of activities for boys and girls
3 the availability/amount of space for physical exercise
U the amount/num ber of children in a
cla ss OR the size of cla sse s
5 the personality/character of the teacher
6 the sum /amount of money spent on facilities
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part in the H unger Games. These gam es are televised

19 Wildlife
Exercise 1
1 The anim al Liberation League, w hose opinion was
criticized by senior politicians* failed... (
non-defining)
2 Wildlife in Mexico, which has flourished for
m a n y y e a r s j s now.... (
non-defining)
3 which
OR that (
defining)
U Dian Fossev. who died in 1985, helped.
..[non-defining]
5 London, where a third of the city is actually
open s p a c e j s home... (
non-defining)
6 which
OR that (
defining)
7 which
OR that
[defining]
8 Evolution, which is the generally accepted theory
of how life on earth developed* is... [non-defining]
Sentence 7 can have the relative pronoun omitted.
Exercise 2
1 that keep anim als in sm all cages
2 that give the anim als space to move
and look after them well
3 that have no law s to protect their anim als
U which have been destroyed by industries
5 , which are one of the most
endangered rainforest species,
6 , when the main purpose is enjoyment,
7 which don't have sho ps to buy food
Do you th in k education w ill be accessible to a ll in future?
A. Well, the governm ent is going to

Look again at the questions in Exercise 2 and think about how you would answer them
using w ill and going to.
| Listening exam tip: In the Listening exam, people som etim es contradict each other to
; distract from the correct answer. For example:
John: I'm going to be at home later, so I can do some research on the Internet.
B ill: No, I'll do it. There are computers I can use at the library. (Instant decision)
I Here we can see that B ill offers to do the Internet research, although John firs t
I
m entions it.
1-Laboratoriya ishi: “Autodesk Maya” yordamida fizik jarayonlar animatsiyalarini yaratish. Ishning maqsadi

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Hisoblash usullari - bet 2

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Hisoblash usullari
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Bog'liq 10-mavzu. Mahsulotlar tannarxini xarajatlarni to‘liq taqsimlash -fayllar.org
|
2
|
Asosiy ishlab chiqarish xodimlari ish haqi xarajatlari, ishbay
|
1
|
Ishlab chiqarish ustama xarajatlari, omuriy xarajatlar
|
yiliga 20 soshimcha mayicha quyidagi natijalarga erishgan:
|
Yillar
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
Birlik
|
Birlik
|
Birlik
|
Davr boshiga qoldiq
|
|
|
|
Ishlab chiqarilgan
|
100
|
110
|
90
|
Realizatsiya qilingan
|
90
|
110
|
95
|
Davr oxiriga qoldiq
|
|
|
|
Talab qilinadi:
1. Har bir yil uchun zaxiralarni baholashni hisobga olgan holda quyidagi usullardan foydalangan holda foyda va zararlar haqidagi isobotni tuzing:
oyicha tannarx aniqlash
xarajatlarni toyicha tannarx aniqlash
2. Tannarx hisoblashning 2 usulidagi foydaning bir-biriga mos kelmaslik sabablarini tushuntiring.
Javob: Xarajatlarni tom
|
Asosiy materiallar
|
2
|
Asosiy ishlab chiqarish xodimlari ish haqi xarajatlari, ishbay
|
1
|
Ishlab chiqarish ustama xarajatlari, omuriy xarajatlar
|
yiliga 20 som/bir * 7 birlik)
|
84 som/bir * 7 birlik)
|
56 som
|
Noishlab chiqarish xarajatlari
|
0
|
Operatsion foyda
|
28 sozgaruvchan xarajatlar asosida mahsulot tannarxini aniqlash
Kom
|
Asosiy materiallar
|
2
|
Asosiy ishlab chiqarish xodimlari ish haqi xarajatlari, ishbay
|
1
|
Ishlab chiqarish ustama xarajatlari, omuriy xarajatlar
|
yiliga 20 som/bir * 7 birlik)
|
84 sozgaruvchan xarajat:
Realizatsiya qilingan mahsulot tannarxi ( 5 sozgaruvchan xarajatlari (0)
|
35 so 35 )
|
49 som
|
Jami doimiy xarajatlar
|
3 som
|
2. Tannarx hisoblashning 2 usulidagi foydaning bir-biriga mos kelmaslik sabablarini tushuntiring.
Javob: Ozgaruvchan) xarajati mahsulot tannarxiga kiritiladi.
Xarajatlarni tozgaruvchan) xarajatlari yalpi foydadan ayriladi.
http://fayllar.org |
|
| |
Hisoblash usullari

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Hisoblash usullari
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Bog'liq 10-mavzu. Mahsulotlar tannarxini xarajatlarni to‘liq taqsimlash -fayllar.org
| xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
10-mavzu. Mahsulotlar tannarxini xarajatlarni tozgaruvchan xarajatlar (direct costing)boliq taqsimlash
va oyicha
hisoblash usullari
Direkt-kosting tizimi boyicha maxsulotlarning tannarxini kalkulyatsiya kilish. Marjinal daromad usuli bogliq taqsimlash va oyicha hisoblashga doir mashqlar
10.1. Quyidagi fikrga sizning munosabatingiz:
Realizatsiya qilingan tovarning tannarxi faqat olgan chakana savdoda ham yalpi foyda doim ham marjinal daromadga teng bozgaruvchan qismi oliq taqsimlashda esa mahsulot tannarxiga kiritilmaydi.
10.2. Har bir alohida holat bosh qoldirilgan kataklarni togzgaruvchan xarajatlar
Realizatsiya qilingan mahsulotlar soni
|
Marjinal daromad
|
Umumiy doimiy xarajatlar
|
Operatsion (yalpi) foyda
|
Som
|
Birlik
|
Som
|
Sozgaruvchan xarajat= 1 birlikka tori keluvchi ozgaruvchan xarajat
Marjinal daromad = Umumiy doimiy xarajatlar+yalpi foyda
10.3. kompaniyasi elektr jihozlarini ishlab chiqarish bilan shugm. Bir birlik xarajatlari quyidagicha:
|
|
| |
-dars Komponentlar va atributlar - 1-Laboratoriya ishi: “Autodesk Maya” yordamida fizik jarayonlar animatsiyalarini...

4-dars Komponentlar va atributlar:
Komponentlar bilan ishlash Mayyada ishlashda ish jarayonining muhim
qismidir. Komponentlar ob'ektlarni batafsilroq darajada tasvirlaydi. Klassik
ma'badingizning tarkibiy qismlarini tahrirlashda siz Mayyada nima mumkinligi
haqida ko'proq bilib olasiz.
Ushbu darsda siz quyidagilarni o'rganasiz:
Sahnadagi shablon ob'ektlari.
Ob'ektlar va komponentlar o'rtasidagi farqni tushuning.
Ob'ektlarni komponentlar darajasida tahrirlash.
Sirt materialining atributlarini belgilang
Atribut muharririga kiring
Topshiriqlar:
1-topshiriq: Mayya foydalanuvchi interfeysi bilan tarnishing.
2-topshiriq: Quyosh sistemasi modelini yarating, manipulyatsiyasini qiling.
3-topshiriq: Maya dasturi yordamida Quyosh sistemasi modelini 3D sahnasini
yarating.
4-topshiriq: Mayya dasturi yordamoda yaratilgan Quyosh sistemasi modelini 3D
sahnasini komponentlari va atributlari yarating.
Savollar:
1. Autodesk Maya dasturi qanday funksiyalarga ega?
2. Fizik va astronomiy jarayonlarni animatsiyasini yaratishda Mayya
dasturining yutuqli tomonlari nima?
3. Mayya foydalanuvchi interfeysi nima?
|
B She w ould challenge the relationship between theory and practice.
C

Unit 3
Exam practice: Reading - m ultiple-choice questions
Look at the passage below.
For question 1, choose TWO letters A-E.
For questions 2 and 3, choose ONE answer from the letters a-d.
1
What reasons do scientists give to explain why some people may w ant to be famous?
A Because they didn’t have many frie n ds when they were children.
B They w ant to copy celebrities they see in the media.
C They did not receive enough attention from th e ir parents in th e ir youth.
D So that they can be rich in the future.
E They had a desire to please th e ir parents.
2 What did the scientists do in order to reach th e ir conclusions?
a They analysed the increase in celebrity news in the media,
b
They surveyed c u ltu ra lly diverse sections of population.
c They investigated
different universities,
d
They interviewed psychologists.
3
In the study, how were the people who w ant to be rich d ifferent from those who w ant to be
famous?
a T heir parents helped them to be successful,
b
People close to them
had urged them to do w ell,
c They m e a sure d th e ir success by fo cu sing on th e fu tu re ,
d
Their parents taught them about business.
The Psychology of Fame
U ntil the beginning of the 1990s w estern psychologists had not system atically studied the hum an
desire to be fam ous. However, in the few years up to th is tim e the am ount of celebrity news in
the media had been increasing dram atically. Scientists at various US universities then
started to
investigate the reasons w hy some hum ans seem to be driven to become fam ous, w hile others
have no interest in attra ctin g the lim e lig h t. Extensive research with people from different cultures
led to the conclusion th a t people who desire fam e are not the sam e people w ho w an t to be rich.
The fo rm e r group may have som e desire fo r social acceptance based
on previous experiences
in th e ir lives, it seems that many of these people used to find it d iffic u lt to make frie n ds when
they w ere younger o r they didn’t use to receive praise o r recognition fro m th e ir parents. The
psychologists believe th a t it is likely th a t these people w ould often demand attention fro m others
as teenagers and th is desire has rem ained in adulthood and is now expressed
as a longing to be
fam ous. Conversely, those who w an t to be rich are m uch m ore focused on the fu tu re than the
past; in contrast to the fo rm e r group, the study found th a t many of th is
group had learned from
th e ir parents th a t success is generated by hard w o rk and th a t th e ir friends and fam ily had always
encouraged them to strive fo r the best in life. These conclusions suggest th a t there is a lin k
between o u r upbringing and how we m easure o u r success.
Part 1: introductions and general questions (4-5 mins)

This tab le contains th e g e n e ra l descrip to rs fo r the band scores 1 -9 :
IELTS Band
Scores
Expert user
Very good user
Good user
Competent user
Modest user
Limited user
Extremely limited
user
Intermittent user
Non user
Did not attempt
the test
Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate and fluent
with complete understanding.
Has fully operational command of the
language, with only occasional unsystematic
inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar
situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation well.
Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies,
inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles
complex language well and understands detailed reasoning.
Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies,
inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand fairly complex
language, particularly in familiar situations.
Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in most
situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to handle basic
communication in own field.
Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems in
understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language.
Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations.
Frequent breakdowns in communication occur.
No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using
isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate
needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English.
Essentially has no ability to use the Language beyond possibly a few isolated words.
No assessable information provided.
Marking
The Listening and Reading papers have 40 items, each worth one m ark if correctly answered.
Here are som e
examples of how m a rk s are translated into band scores:
Listening:
16 out of 40 correct answ ers:
band score 5
23 out of 40 correct answ ers:
band score 6
30 out of 40 correct answ ers:
band score 7
Reading
15 out of 40 correct answers:
band score 5
23 out of 40 correct answ ers:
band score 6
30 out of 40 correct answ ers:
band score 7
Writing and Speaking are marked according to performance descriptors.
Writing: exam iners award a band score for each of four areas with equal weighting:
• Task achievement (Task 1)
• Task resp o nse(T ask 2)
• Coherence and cohesion
• Lexical resource and gram m atical range and accuracy
Speaking: exam iners award a band score for each of four areas with equal weighting:
•
Fluency and coherence
• Lexical resource
• Gram matical range
•
Accuracy and pronunciation
For full details of how the examination is scored and marked, go to: www.ielts.org