nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Tadqiqot olib borish faktlar to‘plashdan boshlanadi

|
Tadqiqot olib borish faktlar to‘plashdan boshlanadi
|
bet | 2/4 | Sana | 25.05.2024 | Hajmi | 295,78 Kb. | | #253645 |
Bog'liq 15-semenarTadqiqot olib borish faktlar to‘plashdan boshlanadi, ular o‘rganiladi va sistemalashtiriladi, umumlashtiriladi, ma’lum bo‘lganlarni tushuntirish va yangilarini oldindan aytib berishga imkon beruvchi ilmiy bilimlar mantiqiy tuzilgan sistemalarni yaratish uchun ayrim qonuniyatlarni ochishdan iborat bo‘ladi. Tamoyil (postulat)lar va aksiomalar ilmiy bilishning boshlang‘ich holati hisoblanadi, bular sistemalashtirishning boshlang‘ich shakli bo‘lib, ta’limot, nazariya va h.k. (masalan, kvant mexanikasidagi Bor postulati, Yevklit hodisasi aksiomalari va b.)lar asosida yotadi. Ilmiy bilimni umumlashtirish va tizimlashtirishning oliy shakli bo‘lib ta’rif hisoblanadi. U mavjud obyektlar, jarayonlar va hodisalarni umumlashtirib idroklashga, shuningdek, yangilarini oldindan aytib berishga imkon beruvchi tadqiqotlarning ilmiy tamoyillari, qonunlari va usullarini ifodalaydi. Ilmiy bilim tizimida ilmiy qonunlar muhim tarkibiy qism bo‘lib hisoblanadi, bular tabiat, jamiyat va tafakkurdagi eng ahamiyatli, barqaror va takrorlanuvchi obyektiv ichki bog‘liqlikni aks ettiradi. Odatda ilmiy qonunlar umumiy tushunchalar, kategoriyalar jumlasiga kiradi. Olimlar ilmiy natija (ijobiy yoki salbiy)ga erishish vositasi sifatidagi daliliy materiallarga yetarlicha ega bo‘lmagan hollarda faraz (gipoteza)dan foydalanadilar.
Faraz ilmiy taxmin bo‘lib, tajribada tekshirishni talab etadi va nazariy jihatdan ishonchli ilmiy nazariya bo‘lish uchun asoslanishi lozim. Fan masalalarni hal qilish omili bo‘lib, nazariyalar ishlab chiqish, borliq obyektiv qonunlarini ochish, ilmiy faktlarni aniqlash va h.k.lar hisoblanadi. Bular ilmiy bilishning umumiy va maxsus usullaridir. Umumiy usullar uch guruhga bo‘linadi: – empirik tadqiqot usullari (kuzatish, qiyoslash, o‘lchash, eksperiment); – nazariy tadqiqot usullari (mavhumdan aniqlikka tomon borish va b.); – empirik va nazariy tadqiqot usullari (tahlil va sintezlash, induksiya va deduksiya, modellashtirish, abstraktlash va b.).
Kuzatish – bilish usuli. Bunda obyektni o‘rganish unga aralashuvsiz amalga oshiriladi. Mazkur holda faqat obyektning xossasi, uning o‘zgarish 22 tavsifi qayd etiladi va o‘lchanadi (masalan, elektr ta’minoti liniyani yil mobaynida taqsimlash transformatoridan ajratib qo‘yilish sonini kuzatish, elektr motorning bir yil mobaynida ishdan chiqish sonini kuzatish va boshqalar). Tadqiqot natijalari real mavjud obyektlarning tabiiy xususiyatlari va munosabatlari (bog‘liqliklari) xususida bizga ma’lumot beradi. Bu natijalar sub’yektning irodasi, sezgilari va istaklariga bog‘liq emas.
|
| |
The Path - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools...

❖
The path relative to a certain directory, for example, if we cannot
find the / home directory, the path relative to the file Letter.txt is Luis
/ Letter.txt
To complicate matters further, all directories contain two
special directories:
❖
The
current directory, represented by the point “."
❖
The parent directory represented by a colon ".."
Being in the directory/home you can access Carta.txt with
/home/luis/Carta.txt (absolute path) or /luis/Carta.txt (relative path). In Luis
as ./Carta.txt or simply Letter.txt.
The Linux file system follows all UNIX conventions, which means it has a
structure determined, compatible and homogeneous with the rest of UNIX
systems. Unlike in Windows or MS-DOS the file system on any Unix
system is not directly linked to the hardware structure, that is, it does not
depend on whether a given computer has 1, 2 or 7 hard drives to create the
c: \, d: \ or m: \ drives.
Every UNIX file system has a unique root or root origin represented by /.
Under this directory you will find all the files that the operating system can
access. These files are organized in different directories whose mission and
name are standard for all Unix systems.
❖
/: Root of the file system
❖
/ dev: Contains system files representing
the devices that are
physically installed in the computer
❖
/ etc: This directory is reserved for system configuration files
In this directory, no binary files (programs) should appear. Under this, two
other subdirectories should appear:
❖
/ etc / X11: X Window configuration files
❖
/ etc / skel: Basic configuration files that are copied to the user's
directory
when one is created new
❖
/ lib: Contains the libraries needed to run programs that reside in /
bin (not libraries of user programs)
❖
/ proc: Contains special files that either receive or send information
to the system kernel (It recommends not modifying the contents of
this directory and its files)
❖
/ sbin: Contains programs that are only accessible to the superuser
or root
❖
/ usr: This is one of the most important directories of the system
since it contains the usage programs common to all users. Its structure
is usually similar to the following:
❖
/ usr / X11R6: Contains the programs to run X Window
❖
/ usr / bin: General purpose programs, which includes the C / C ++
compiler
❖
/ usr / doc: General system documentation
❖
/ usr / etc:
General configuration files
❖
/ usr / include: C / C ++ header files (.h)
❖
/ usr / info: GNU information files
❖
/ usr / lib: General libraries of the programs
❖
/ usr / man: Manuals accessible with the man command
❖
/ usr / sbin: System
administration programs
❖
/ usr / src: Source code of programs
In addition to the previous ones, there are other directories that are usually
located in the / usr directory, such as the folders of the programs that are
installed in the system.
❖
/ var: This directory contains temporary
information about the
programs (which does not imply that you can delete its content, in
fact, it should not be done)
TOR & VPN in Linux - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
Linux This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts The Underground Bible
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
|
Table of Contets - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with...

Process and Flow Models
Process and Flow Components
Process And Flow States
Description Of Processes And Flows
Managing Process And Flow Blocks
Process And Flow Images
Creating and Completing Processes and Threads
Managing Address Space When Creating Processes
Run The Application With One System Call
Features Of Process Completion
Synchronous And Asynchronous Execution Of Processes
Creating and Completing Streams
Features Completion Streams
Managing Processes In UNIX and Linux
Identification Information And Process Security Attributes
Process Control Unit
Creation Process
Completing The Process
Waiting For Process To Complete
5/3 7 Alerts
Types Of Signals
Layout Of Signals
Signal Blocking
Setting The Signal Layout
Signal Generation
Organization Of Asynchronous Execution Of Processes
Managing Threads in Linux
The Disadvantages Of Traditional Multitasking Support For Linux
Linux Kernel Threads
The Flow Management Software Interface
Completion of POSIX Streams
Waiting For Completion Of Threads
Conclusions
Conclusion
Linux for Hackers - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating...

How Linux is Useful in Text Manipulation
Why Use Text Manipulation
Top Seven Linux command Line tools for text manipulation
Managing networks
Dynamic host configuration protocol ( DHCP)
Process of hacking with kali Linux
Installation of Kali Linux
Storage management
Block storage
Chapter 5:
Detailed Overview of Linux and
How to Hack with Linux
How does Linux work?
How to hack and what you need
Python scripting for the hacker
Why is Kali Linux the best for starters
Bash scripting
Automatic tasks
Chapter 6:
Process of Web Hacking
Web hacking
Penetration testing
Conclusion
Hacking with Linux
Introduction
Chapter 1:
Basic and Advanced Linux Concepts
Advanced Linux Concepts
Chapter 2:
Linux Installation
Kali Linux Installation Requirements
The Installation Process
Chapter 2:
Operating System Architecture

Consider how different CPU modes are used when interacting with the
kernel and applications. After loading the kernel switches, the processor in
privileged mode and gets complete control of a computer. Each application
is started and executed in user mode, where it does not have access to
kernel resources and other applications. When you need to perform an
action implemented in the kernel, the application makes
a system call . The
kernel intercepts it, switches the processor to privileged mode, performs an
action, switches the processor back to user mode and returns the result of
the application.
A system call is slower than a call to a user-implemented function because
the processor switches between modes twice. For some OSes, some of the
functionality is implemented in user mode, so you don't need to use system
calls to access it.
Linux File System Structure - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating...

❖
Special files are the basis on which Linux sits since they represent
the devices connected to a computer, such as a printer. In this way,
enter information in that file is equivalent
to sending information to
the printer. For the user, these devices have the same appearance and
use than ordinary files
Links
Links are an ordinary file type that have the goal to create a new name for a
determined file. Once the symbolic link is created,
it allows access to the
file that links in the same way as if we had copied the contents of it to
another file, with the advantage that it has not really been copied. The
symbolic links are especially useful when you want a group of people to
work on the same file since they allow sharing the file but centralizing the
modifications.
As an example, you can assume the
existence of a file called
balance.1999.txt, to which a link is created symbolic balance.txt. Any
access to balance.txt is translated by the system so that you access the
balance content.1999.txt.
Chapter 3:
 
Bash and Python Scripting

Bash and Python Scripting Different Types of Hacking
How to be Secure and Anonymous while Hacking
Chapter 4:
Ethical and Unethical Hacking Hackers Hierarchy (Using and Abusing Services)
Chapter 5:
Servers and Networks
Chapter 6:
Cyber-attacks and Malware Chapter 7:
Cryptography Advantages of Cryptography
Types of Cryptography
Chapter 8:
Wireless and Network Exploitation The Dark Web Explained
Accessing the Dark Web
Conclusion Hacking with Kali Linux Chapter 1:
Introduction to Linux and Hacking What is Linux?
Why is Linux the Best Operating System?
What is Hacking?
Who are Hackers?
Installation of Linux Distros
Chapter 2:
Basic Linux Commands How to Find Help while Using Linux?
User Management in Linux
File Management in Linux
Process Management System
Chapter 3:
Basic Shell Programming What is a Shell?
Built-in Shell Commands
Fundamentals of Shell Programming
Chapter 4:
Hacking Procedure Chapter 5:
Web Hacking Tools Scanning of Webservers
Hacking a WordPress Website
Chapter 6:
Network Hacking Tools What is a Network?
What is Routing?
Chapter 7:
Web Hierarchies and Cybersecurity Ethics Why Do Hackers Fit Into Hierarchies?
Cybersecurity Ethics
What is Penetration Testing?
Chapter 8:
Chapter 4:
 
Process and Flow Planning

Types Of Planning
Long-Term Planning
Medium-Term Planning
Short-Term Planning
Planning Strategies - Displacement And Non-Displacement Multitasking
Planning Algorithms
FIFO Planning
Circular Planning
Priority Planning
Planning Based On
Performance Characteristics
Multilevel Feedback Queues
Lottery Planning
Implementation Of Planning In Linux
Real-Time Scheduling Of Kernel Processes
Traditional
Scheduling Algorithm
Planning Procedure Call Conditions
Planning Procedure
The Beginning Of A New Era
Dynamic Priority Calculation
Recounting A Quantum
When Creating A New Process
Modern Approaches To Planning Implementation
The Programming Interface Of Planning
Conclusions
Chapter 5:
Flow Interaction
Basic Principles Of Flow Interaction
The Main
Problems Of Flow Interaction
Critical Sections And Locks
Locking
Problems With Implementation Of Blocking
Basic Mechanisms Of Flow Synchronization
Semaphores
Features Of Use Of Semaphores
Realization Of The Problem Of Producers-Consumers With The Help Of
Semaphores
Mutexes
Interprocess
Types
Of Interprocess Interaction
Conclusions
Chapter 6:
Managing Memory
Fundamentals of Virtual Memory Technology
The Concept Of Virtual Memory
Problems of virtual memory implementation: Memory fragmentation
Logical And Physical Memory Addressing
Approach Of
Base And Boundary Registers
Memory Segmentation
Segmentation Implementation In IA-32 Architecture
Page Memory Organization
Basic Principles Of Page Organization Of Memory
Comparative Analysis Of Page
Organization Of Memory And
Segmentation
Multi-Level Page Tables
Implementation Of Page Tables In IA-32 Architecture
Associative Memory
Chapter 1:
Basic Operating System Concepts

For example, when working with a disk, a typical abstraction is a file. it is
easier to work with files than directly with a disk controller (no need to
consider moving the drive heads, starting and stopping the motor, etc.), as a
result, the programmer can focus on the essence of his application. The
operating system is responsible for interacting with the disk controller .
Abstraction highlighting makes it easy for OS and application code to
change when migrating to new hardware. For example, if you install a new
type of disk device on your computer (provided that it is supported by the
OS), all its features will be taken into account at the OS level, and
applications will continue to use the files as before. This characteristic of
the system is called
hardware independence. OS can be said to provide a
hardware-independent environment for executing applications.
Document Outline - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with...

|
Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line Pdf ko'rish
|
bet | 203/203 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 6,34 Mb. | | #134102 |
Bog'liq Linux This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts The Underground Bible
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
|
Create a Simple Network Using Packet Tracer Topology Addressing Table Device Interface ip address Subnet Mask Default Gateway

© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page
1
of
15
Packet Tracer
– Create a Simple Network Using Packet Tracer
Topology
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
PC
Ethernet0 DHCP
192.168.0.1
Wireless Router LAN
192.168.0.1
255.255.255.0
Wireless
Router Internet
DHCP
Cisco.com
Server
Ethernet0 208.67.220.220
255.255.255.0
Laptop
Wireless0 DHCP
Packet Tracer
– Create a Simple Network
© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page
2
of
15
Objectives
Part 1: Build a Simple Network in the Logical Topology Workspace
Part 2: Configure the Network Devices
Part 3: Test Connectivity between Network Devices
Part 4: Save the File and Close Packet Tracer
Background / Scenario
In this activity you will build a simple network in Packet Tracer from scratch and then save
the network as a
Packet Tracer Activity File (.pkt).
Part 1: Build a Simple Network in the Logical Topology Workspace
Step 1: Launch Packet Tracer.
a. Launch Packet Tracer on your PC or
laptop computer
Double
click on the
Packet Tracer
icon on your desktop or navigate to the
directory that contains the
Packet Tracer executable file and launch Packet Tracer. Packet Tracer should
open with a blank default
Logical
topology workspace as shown in the figure.
Elixir tili - - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 140/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатElixir tili - 2011 yilda joriy etilgan xamda tez mashhur bo‘lib ketgan yana bir yangi til xisoblanadi. Elixir tili yaratilishiga 1980 yilda Eriksson tomonidan yaratilgan Erlang tili turtki bo‘lgan. Bu yuqori darajadagi eng yaxshi instrumentlardan biri hisoblanadi. Elixir muallifi Xose Valim, Erlang haqida hamma narsani yoqtirishini aytdi, lekin hali ham yaxshilanadigan narsa bor. Erlang yeng katta kamchiligi, ishlab chiquvchilar uchun, uning g‘alati sintaksisi va mavjudligi muammolari, xamda paketlarni intuitiv boshqarish yo‘qligi. Shuning uchun o‘zida Erlang afzalliklari bilan Ruby tilining qulaylik va ekotizimini birlashtirib - Elixir paydo bo‘ldi. Elixir asosan veb yaratishda
217
ishlatiladi. Siz yaxshi daromad kutishingiz mumkin, lekin karerazni oshishi imkoniyatlari cheklangan bo‘ladi. Tilning mashhurligi har yili o‘sib bormoqda, shuning uchun bir nechta IT - kompaniyalar mavjud bo‘lgan shaharlarda Elixir ishlab chiquvchilariga talab yuqori bo‘ladi. 2017 yilgi StackOverflow so‘roviga ko‘ra, Elixir barcha mamlakatlar orasida rentabellik darajasi bo‘yicha uchinchi o‘rinni egallaydi.
Elm tili - Elm eng yuqori samarali JavaScript kodi bilan kompilyatsiya qilingan va foydalanish uchun qulaylikka mo‘ljallangan funksional dasturlash tili. Siz undan JavaScript bilan birgalikda internetda foydalanuvchi interfeyslarni yaratishda foydalanishingiz mumkin. JavaScript ga nisbatan Elm ning asosiy afzalliklari uning ishonchliligi, qo‘llab-quvvatlash qulayligi va dasturlashdan baxra olishda namoyon bo‘ladi.
Joylashtirilgan funksiya (buit-in function) – Python tilida joylashtirilgan funksiyalar, masalan, max(), abs(), int(), str() yoki hash()
Joylashtirilgan ma’lumot turi (buit-in type) - Python tilida joylashtirilgan ma’lumot turlari, masalan, str, float, int, bool, list, tupl, dict yoki set.
JAVA da STRING - asosan char tipidagi qiymatlar ketma- ketligini ifodalovchi obekt hisoblanadi Java String klassi string ustida compare ( ), concat ( ), equals( ), split(), length(), replace(), compareTo(), intern(), substring() kabi amallarni bajarish imkoniyati mavjud.
|
| |
Global o‘zgaruvchi - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 139/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатGlobal o‘zgaruvchi (global variable) – biror-bir funksiya yoki klass tashqarisida ham aniqlangan o‘zgaruvchi
Global kod (global code) - qandaydir funksiya yoki klasss tashqarisida ham aniqlangan kod
Dastur bajarilish vaqti xatosi (run-time error) – dastur bajarilayotgan vaqtda aniqlangan xato
Doimiy o‘zgaruvchi (constant variable) – dastur bajarilish vaqtida ma’lumotlarning turi o‘zgarmaydigan o‘zgaruvchi
Dastur yoki programma (program) – komp’yuterda ketma-ket bajariladigan instruksiyalar to‘plami
DDC. Display Data Channel. Kompyuter va monitor orasida ma’lumotlar almashish interfeysi. Ushbu interfeysning ikkita turi bor: 1) DDC 1 – monitor modeli va qo‘llanadigan video rejimlar parametrlari to‘g‘risidagi ma’lumotlarning bir tomonga, monitordan kompyuterga uzatilishi; 2) DDC 2 – ma’lumotlarning ikki tomonlama almashinuvi.
Dart tili- Google kompaniyasi tomonidan, umumiy qo‘llanish uchun yaratilingan dasturlash tilidir. U asosan veb dasturlar yaratish uchun mo‘ljallangan bo‘lib(ham mijoz, ham server tomon uchun), shu bilan birga mobil ilovalar ham yaratish mumkin. Dart - obektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash tilidir. Dart tilidagi barcha qiymatlar obektlardan iborat. Dart dasturlash tili rivojlanishida ko‘p yillik tarixga ega bo‘lgan dasturlash tillarini ta’siri katta, bular, Smalltak, Java, JavaScript.
Delphi tili - Borland International kompaniyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan qo‘llanmalarni tezkor ishlab chiqish tizimi. Delphi tili Microsoft kompaniyasining Visual Basic tiliga o‘xshash, lekin Visual Basic tili Basicga asoslangan bo‘lsa, Delphi tili esa Pascalga asoslanganligi bilan farqlanadi. Delphi dasturi - soddaligi,
216
komponentlarning ko‘pligi, interfeysining tushunarliligi va h.k. ajralib turuvchi dastur Delphi da birinchi ishlagan odam ham qanaqadir dastur tuzishi oson kechadi. Lekin, Windows da dasturning asosiy ishlash mohiyatini ancha keyin biladi. Yana bir tarafi, Delphi(Pascal) operativ xotirani tejashga kelganda ancha oqsaydi. Unda o‘zgaruvchilarni oldindan e’lon qilib qo‘yish evaziga ishlatilmaydigan o‘zgaruvchilar va massivlar ham joy olib turadi.
DHTML (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language) - Dinamik HTML tili. Aks ettirilayotgan sahifalarga interaktivlik berish uchun mo‘ljallangan HTML tilining kengaytmasi. O‘z ichiga rang, shakl, belgilar shakli, ayrim sahifa elementlarining aniq joylashishi va harakatlanishini dinamik ravishda o‘zgartirish vositalarini oladi. Dinamik HTMLning asosiy g‘oyasi shundaki, ssenariy tilida hujjatning istisnosiz barcha elementlari, ularni bezash va joylashish parametrlari (HTMLda belgilanganlar ham, CSS yordamida belgilanadiganlar ham) va hatto sahifa matni ustidan ham to‘la nazorat qilinadi. Shu tufayli HTML hujjatining xohlagan elementi istalgan yo‘nalishda harakatlanishi, o‘z formatlanganligini istalganicha o‘zgartirishi va qayta yozilishi mumkin. Bu foydalanuvchi harakatlariga javoban ham, o‘z tashabbusi bilan ham sodir bo‘lishi mumkin.
|
| |
Identifikator - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 141/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатIdentifikator (identifier) – funksiya, klass, modul yoki boshqa ob’ektni identifikatsiya qilish uchun ishlatiladigan nom
Interpretator (interpreter) – yuqori darajali dasturlash tilida yozilgan dastur kodini har gal bir qatordan bajaradigan dastur
Istisno (exception) – dastur bajarilishi vaqtidagi alohida xolat yoki xato
218
Iterator (iterator) – Python tili tomonidan chaqiriladigan for siklining xar bir iteratsiyasi boshida next () joylashtirilgan funksiyasini quvvatlaydigan ma’lumot turi
Ifoda (expression) – literallar, o‘zgaruvchilar, operatorlar va funksiyalarni chaqirishdan iborat bylgan kombinatsiya bo‘lib, uni natijaviy qiymatgacha soddalashtirish mumkin
Ifodani xisoblash (evaluate an expression) – ifodani prioritetlar qoidalariga asosan operandlarga operatorlarni qo‘llagan xolda soddalashtirish jarayoni
Ketma-ketlik (sequence) – a[i] va len(a) kabi indekslardan foydalanishni ta’minlovchi iteratsiya qilinadigan ma’lumotlar turlari
Kiritish, chiqarish, grafika v audioning standart qurilmalari (standart input, output, drawing, and audio) – Python tilining kiritish-chiqarish modullari
Klass (class) – Python tili tomonidan ishlatiladigan konstruksiya bo‘lib, u foydalanuvchining ma’lumotlari turini ishlatishga imkon beradi. Bunda API tomonidan aniqlanilgan ma’lumotlar turini yaratish va u bilan ishlash uchun shablon taqdim etiladi
Kommentariya (comment) – dasturni o‘quvchiga uni tushunish imkonini beradigan matn (kompilyator tomonidan e’tiborga olinmaydi)
Kompilyator (compiler) – Python ga o‘xshan yuqori darajali dasturlash tilida yozilgan dasturni quyi darajali kodga aylantirib beradigan dastur (masalan – Python da uning kodini Python virtual mashinasi kodiga o‘zgartirib beradi)
Konstruktor (constructor) – yangi ob’ektni yaratish va initsiyalizatsiya qilish uchun ishlatiladigan mahsus usul
|
| |
Borland International - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 138/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатBorland International - Borland International korporatsiyasi Dasturiy ta’minot va ma’lumotlar bazalarini boshqarish tizimlarini ishlab chiqish bilan shug‘ullanuvchi kompaniya. Borland 1983 yilda yaratilgan bo‘lib, Kaliforniyada (AKShda) joylashgan. Kompaniyaning asosiy ishlanmalari qatoriga quyidagilar kiradi:- Delphi – Windows qo‘llanmalarini yaratish muhiti,- Borland S++ – dasturlash tili,- IntraBuilder – JavaScript tili uchun ko‘rib ishlaydigan vosita,- CodeWright – dasturlar muharriri,- Kylix – Linux uchun elektron biznes yechimi.
BSA.Business Software Alliance - Tijoriy dasturiy ta’minot ishlab chiqaruvchilari alyansi. Microsoft tomonidan dasturiy ta’minotni noqonuniy tarqatishga (qaroqchilikka) qarshi kurashish uchun tuzilgan tashkilot.
214
Visual C++ - Dasturchilar uchun Microsoft kompaniyasi tomonidan C++ tilida ishlab chiqilgan qo‘llanmalarni ishlab chiqish vositasi. Visual C++ IDE ishlab chiqish muhiti bilan uyg‘unlashgan 32-bitli Windows qo‘llanmalarni ob’ektga yo‘naltirilgan tarzda dasturlashni, C/C++ kompilyatorini va Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) deb ataladigan klasslar kutubxonasini qo‘llaydi. Visual C++ tili 1993 yilda chiqqan. Ko‘pchilik dasturlar hozirda shu tilda tuziladi. Umuman olganda, C ga o‘xshash(C-podobnыy) tillar hozirda dasturlashda yetakchi. Deyarli hamma zamonaviy tillarning asosida C yotadi. Bundan tashqari, Turli kompyuter o‘yinlari tuzishda yoki kichik hajmdagi dasturlar tayyorlashda LUA script yoki JavaScript tillari ham keng ishlatilmoqda.
Visual FoxPro - Ma’lumotlar bazalari qo‘llanmalarini ishlab chiqish tili. Visual FoxProning so‘nggi versiyalari ob’ektga yo‘naltirilgan dasturlash, mijoz-server texnologiyalarini qo‘llash, ichiga o‘rnatilgan ma’lumotlar bazasi va boshqa ma’lumotlardan foydalanish texnologiyalari kabi funksiyalar to‘plamini taqdim qiladi.
Visual Basic - qo‘llanmalarni ishlab chiqish uchun Microsoft kompaniyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan dasturlash tili va muhiti. Visual Basic BASIC tiliga asoslangan va foydalanuvchi interfeysini ishlab chiqish uchun grafik
dasturiy muhitni taqdim qiladigan birinchi mahsulotlardan biridir. Dasturchilar Visual Basic tilida bo‘lg‘usi dasturning interfeysini shaklga kerakli boshqarish vositalarini (tugmacha va dialog oynalarini) joylash hisobiga, keyin ularning tashqi shaklini va xossalarini aniqlash orqali yaratadilar. Visual Basic ob’ektlar uchun aloqa va butlash texnologiyasini quvvatlaydi. Visual Basicni mazmunan ob’ektga yo‘naltirilgan til demay, uni ko‘proq “hodisalarga asoslangan til” (event-driven language) deb atashadi, chunki har bir ob’ekt turli hodisalarga javoban harakat qiladi (masalan, sichqoncha tugmachasini bosish). Visual Basicda qo‘llangan yondashuv 1990 yilda tilning chiqqan kunidan boshlab dasturlash tillari uchun standart bo‘lib qoldi. Hozirga kelib, bir
215
qancha dasturlash tillari, shu jumladan, C, C++, Pascal va Java tillari uchun qo‘llanmalar ishlab chiqishning vizual vositalari mavjud.
|
| |
Gipermedia - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 23/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатGipermedia - turli ma’lumotlarni kompyuterda ifodalash. Bunda ajratilgan tushunchalar, oboektlar va bulimlar orasidagi maonoli bolanishlar avtomatik tarzda kuvvatlanadi. Barcha turdagi axborotlarni ifodalash texnologiyasi. Ifoda uzaro assotsiativ bolangan, nisbatan katta bulmagan bloklar shaklida buladi. Gipermedia gipermatnga uxshash, ammo, bolanadigan bloklar sifatida matn oarchalari emas, balki ixtiyoriy tabiatdagi ma’lumotlar: grafik tasvirlar, videokliolar, tovush fayllari va shu kabilar bulishi mumkin.
Giperxavola – bir elektron axborot oboektidan boshkasiga ‘avola (masalan, matndan eslatmaga yoki adabiyotlar ruyxatiga, bitta ensiklopedik makoladan boshkasiga).
Gartner - axborot texnologiyalari bozorlarida ixtisoslashgan tadqiqot va konsalting kompaniyasi.
5Gtarmog‘i - mavjud 4G/IMT-Advanced standartlariga mos keladigan telekommunikatsiya standartlari asosida ishlaydigan mobil aloqaning beshinchi avlodi. 5G tarmoqlarini joylashtirish uchun standartlar hali ishlab chiqilmagan. Hozirgi kunda dunyoning turli burchaklaridagi turli xil mobil aloqa operatorlari 5G tarmog‘ining alohida elementlarini sinovdan o‘tkazmoqda.
42
Birinchi avlod mobil texnologiyalari – faqat ovozli qo‘ng‘iroqlar.
2G – raqamli: ovozli qo‘ng‘iroqlar+ SMS xabarlar + konferens-aloqa.
3G- ovozli qo‘ng‘iroqlar+ SMS xabarlar + konferens-aloqa + multimediyali xizmatlar+ oqimli uzatmalar + telefon orqali filmlar.
4G - ovozli qo‘ng‘iroqlar+ SMS xabarlar + konferens-aloqa + multimediyali xizmatlar+ oqimli uzatmalar + onlayn filmlar
+ yangi sifat.
5G– 4 G ga nisbatan 4 marta tez + ovozli qo‘ng‘iroqlar+ SMS xabarlar + konferens-aloqa + multimediyali xizmatlar+ oqimli uzatmalar + onlayn filmlar + abonimentlar orasida to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri ulanish+ buyumlar interneti + kommunikatsiya + yangi sifat
Google kompaniyasi qidiruv mashinasi sifatida boshlagan, hozirda alohida foydalanuvchigan bitta kirish oynasi orqali turli xil xizmatlarga ega bo‘lgan: elektron pochta, xaritalar, brauzer, ma’lumot saqlash, ofis ilovalari, video va musiqa xizmatlari va boshqalarni ta’minlaydigan ekotizimni yaratgan
Gibrid dunyo - haqiqiy va virtual olamlarning birlashishi natijasi bo‘lib, virtual dunyodagi barcha "muhim" harakatlarni bajarish imkoniyati bilan ajralib turadi. Ushbu jarayonning zarur shartlari yuqori rentabellik va past AKT xarajatlari va infra-rahm-shafqatning mavjudligi hisoblanadi.
|
| |
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva
Download
3 Mb.
Matnni ko'rish
bet
1/142
Sana
14.09.2024
Hajmi
3 Mb.
#271075
Download
3 Mb.
Matnni ko'rish
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Dərs
Mühazirə
Qaydalar
Referat
Xülasə
Yazı
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva
Download
3 Mb.
Matnni ko'rish
Muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universitet

O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR
VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI
TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITET
Su’niy intelektka kirish fanidan
AMALIY ISH-2
Bajardi:ATOYEV JONIBEK
Tekshirdi Nurmurodov Javohir Nurmurod o‘g‘li
Toshkent 2024
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Ideal funksiya (Yordamchi funksiya)
def ideal_function(x):
return np.sin(x)
# Noise generator funksiyasi
def generate_noise(x, noise_factor):
return np.random.normal(0, noise_factor, size=len(x))
# Ideal funksiyani boshqaruvchi funksiya
def plot_ideal_function():
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)
y = ideal_function(x)
plt.plot(x, y, label='Ideal funksiya')
plt.xlabel('X o‘qi')
plt.ylabel('Y o‘qi')
plt.title('Ideal funksiya')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
# Ma'lumotlarni qo'shish funksiya
def add_noise_to_data(x, noise_factor):
return ideal_function(x) + generate_noise(x, noise_factor)
# Xatolarni baholash funksiya
def evaluate_errors(x, y):
return np.mean(np.abs(ideal_function(x) - y))
# Grafikni chizish funksiya
def plot_data(x, y, noise_factor):
plt.scatter(x, y, label='Ma\'lumotlar', color='red')
plt.plot(x, ideal_function(x), label='Ideal funksiya', line)
plt.xlabel('X o‘qi')
plt.ylabel('Y o‘qi')
plt.title('Ma\'lumotlar va ideal funksiya')
plt.legend()
plt.text(5, 1, f'Xatolik miqdori: {evaluate_errors(x, y):.4f}', fontsize=12, bbox=dict(facecolor='yellow', alpha=0.5))
plt.show()
def main():
# Ma'lumotlar
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
noise_factor = 0.2 # Xatolik miqdori
y = add_noise_to_data(x, noise_factor)
# Ideal funksiyani plot qilish
plot_ideal_function()
# Ma'lumotlarni plot qilish
plot_data(x, y, noise_factor)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Bu dastur yordamida, "ideal_function" funksiyasini aniqlaymiz, u yerda bizning o'qitish funksiyangizni aniqlaydi. "generate_noise" funksiyasi xatoliklarni yaratish uchun va "add_noise_to_data" funksiyasi ma'lumotlar ustida xatolik qo'shish uchun ishlatiladi. "evaluate_errors" funksiyasi ma'lumotlar va ideal funksiya orasidagi xatolik miqdorini hisoblaydi. "plot_ideal_function" va "plot_data" funksiyalari grafiklarni chizish uchun ishlatiladi. Main funksiyasi barcha funksiyalarni birlashtiradi va dasturni boshqaradi.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
1. https://uz.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/two-var-linear-equations/slope-intercept- form/a/introduction-to-slope-intercept-form
2. http://ares.uz/storage/app/uploads/public/629/a40/4ea/629a404ea8ead927358633.pdf
3. https://hozir.org/mavzu-chiziqli-dasturlash-masalalarini-yechishda-simplek-usul.html
4. https://azkurs.org/mavzu-chiziqli-programmalashtirish-masalalari-reja-asosiy-tush.html
|
3.2.
Oxford university presspringer science and business 
media…………………………………………………………. 
78

6
ресурсов……………………………………………………….
4.
БИБЛИОТЕЧНЫЕ КОНСОРЦИУМЫ……………….
129
4.1.
Цели,
задачи
и
преимущество
библиотечных
консорциумов…………………………………………………..
129
4.2.
Международный библиотечный EIFL.NET консорциум..
144
5.
МИРОВЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ И
ИСТОЧНИКИ ОТКРЫТОГО ДОСТУПА………………….
149
5.1.
Открытые ресурсы. Открытые условия использования.
Основные условия открытого доступа…………………….
149
6.
МИРОВЫЕ
НАУЧНО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ
РЕСУРСЫ УЗБЕКИСТАНА…………………………………
169
6.1.
Аналитическая
информационная
система
для
исследований в высших учебных заведениях………………
169
6.2.
Научные статьи, задачи публикации статей в
зарубежных журналах……………………………………….
174
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ
Laboratoriya ishlarini bajarish uchun adabiyotlar ro‘yxati

Laboratoriya ishlarini bajarish uchun adabiyotlar ro‘yxati:
1.
https://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration
2.
http://www.ssrn.com
3.
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
4.
http://www.opendoar.org/
189
5.
http://www.base-search.net/
6.
www.oaj.cas.cn
7.
http://www.doaj.org
8.
http://cnx.org/
9.
http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
10.
https://www.khanacademy.org/
11.
https://p2pu.org/en/
12.
http://www.jorum.ac.uk/
13.
http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm
14.
http://www.ndlr.ie/
15.
http://www.ocwconsortium.org/
16.
http://www.oercommons.org/
17.
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/
18.
http://videolectures.net/
19.
http://www.open-access.net.cn/
.
20.
http://www.who.int/hinari
21.
http://www.aginternetwork.org]
22.
http://arxiv.org/
23.
www.ziyonet.uz
|
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva - bet 14

22
Axborot-kutubxona infratuzilmasi (AKI)
tushunchasi ostida
respublika yoki mintaqa miqyosida axborot-kutubxona muassasalarining
(AKM) foydalanuvchilari ehtiyojlarini maksimal ravishda qondirishga
qaratilgan, axborotni saqlash va tavsiflash, yagona uzatish standartlariga
asoslangan yagona tarmoqqa birlashuvi tushuniladi.
Axborot-kutubxona muassasalarini (AKM)
rivojlantirishda asosan
quyidagi ikkita model ishlatiladi:
1.AKMlarining mahalliy taqsimlangan modeli. №1 model.
2.Mijoz-server modeli. №2 model.
AKMlarining mahalliy taqsimlangan modeli.
1-model 1970-80-
yillar va 90-yillar boshida yetakchi G‘arb davlatlarining kutubxona va
arxivlarida keng tarqalgan edi. Bunda har
bir axborot muassasalari
o‘zining elektron kataloglarini tashkil etib,
elektron pochta va
Internetdan axborot va yozuvlar almashuvida foydalanganlar.
Muhammad 
al-Xorazmiy 
nomidagi 
Toshkent 
axborot 
texnologiyalari Kengashining

3
MUNDARIJA
KIRISH
9
1.AXBOROT
RESURSLARINI
SHAKLLANTIRISH
VA
QIDIRISHNING TEXNOLOGIK JIHATLARI……………….
11
1.1.
Axborot resurslarining asosiy tushunchalari…………………
11
1.2.
Elektron ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslarni shakllantirish texnologiyasi
14
1.3.
Korporativ tarmoqlarda axborot resurslaridan foydalanish ….
19
1.4.
Bulutli texnologiyalar asosida korporativ tarmoqlarda elektron
ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslarni shakllantirish va qidirish……………..
21
2.
ELEKTRON ILMIY-TA’LIMIY RESURSLARNI
HUQUQIY HIMOYLASH……………………………………..
31
2.1.
Mualliflik huquqini himoya qilishning xalqaro me’yorlari ….
31
2.2.
O‘zbekiston axborot-kutubxona muassasalarida elektron
nashrlardan foydalanishning huquqiy jihatlari……………………..
46
2.3.
Nashrlarning huquqiy egalari va mualliflar bilan tuziladigan
shartnomalar shakli ………………….……………………………
47
3.
JAHON ILMIY-TA’LIMIY AXBOROTLAR
MANBALARI HAQIDA SHARHLAR………………………….
60
3.1.
Muhim ilmiy-ta’limiy axborot manbalarining qisqacha
tahlili……………………………………………………………….
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva - bet 3

4
5.1.
Ochiq resurslar. Ochiq foydalanish shartlari. Ochiq
foydalanishning asosiy shartlari…………………………….
135
6.
O‘ZBEKISTONNING JAHONDA TAN OLINGAN
ILMIY-TA’LIMIY RESURSLARI ……………………………
154
6.1.
Oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ilmiy tadqiqotlarni qo‘llash uchun
tahliliy axborot tizimi…………………………………………….
154
6.2.
Ilmiy maqolalar, xorijiy jurnallarda maqolalar chop etish
masalalari……………………………………………………..
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva - bet 9

|
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. GaniyevaBog'liq 1.RaxmatullayevM. GaniyevaB. Jahon axborot resurslari1.2.
Elektron ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslarni shakllantirish texnologiyasi
Ilmiy va ta’limiy muassasalarni ularning faoliyatida muhim bo‘lgan
axborotlar bilan ta’minlash o‘ta dolzarb masaladir. Oliy ta’lim
muassasalarida noshirlik faolligining pasayishi jahon miqyosidagi ilmiy
jurnallardan foydalanishga bo‘lgan imkoniyatning chegaralanganligi
asosida yuzaga keladi.
Dunyoning
yetakchi
ma’lumot bazalariga ega nashriyot
kompaniyalariga obuna bo‘lish narxlari juda qimmat bo‘lib, Oliy ta’lim
va Fanlar Akademiyasi tizimidagi ilmiy muassasalarda ularni to‘plash,
tizimlashtirish, kataloglashtirish muhim o‘rin tutadi. Qimmatbaho ilmiy-
ta’limiy resurslar foydalanuvchilar uchun nafaqat operativ ravishda
foydalanish uchun, balki doimiy foydalanish, mualliflik huquqi va
mulkka egalik huquqini buzmagan holda foydalanish imkonini beradi.
Tashkilotlarda ulardan foydalanishning samarali texnologiyalarini
yaratish ularni to‘plash tadqiqot va ishlanmalarning predmeti
hisoblanadi.
Elektron
axborot
resurslarini
shakllantirish
va
akkumulyatsiyalash texnologiyalari juda ko‘p. Shulardan, korporativ
axborot-kutubxona
tarmoqlarida
jamoaviy
foydalanish
uchun
ma’lumotlar bazasini yaratishda aprobatsiyalangan ARMAT tizimini
keltirib o‘tish mumkin. Bunda O‘zbekistonning 60 dan ortiq oliy ta’lim
muassasalarining korporativ tarmog‘ini keltirib o‘tamiz.
Korporativ axborot tarmoqlarida jahon axborot resurslarini yig‘ish
texnologiyalari
Respublikaning axborot-kutubxona tizimlari asosida tashkil etilgan
axborot-kutubxona
tarmog‘i elektron ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslarni
shakllantirish va tarqatish mexanizmini yaratishga imkon beradi.
Korporativ tarmoqda jahon elektron resurslarini to‘plash bosqichlari
keltirilgan (1-rasm).
|
| |
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva - bet 4

5
Содержание
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
……………………………………………………….
10
1. ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЗДАНИЯ И
ПОИСКА ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ РЕСУРСОВ..................
12
1.1.
Основные понятия информационных ресурсов. ………..
12
1.2.
Технологии
создания
электронных
научно-
образовательных ресурсов…………………………………..
16
1.3.
Доступ к информационным ресурсам в корпоративных
сетях………..
21
1.4.
Создание и поиск электронных
научно-образователных
ресурсов в корпоративных
сетях на основе облачных
технологий…………………………………………………….
24
2.
ПРАВОВАЯ ЗАЩИТА ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ НАУЧНО
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ…………………………
33
2.1.
Международные
нормы
защиты
авторских
прав…………
33
2.2.
Правовые
аспекты
исползования
электронных
публикаций в информационно-библиотечных учреждениях
Узбекистана ................................................................................
50
2.3.
Формы соглашений (договоров) с
авторами или
правообладателями произведений…………………………….
52
3.
ОБЗОР МИРОВЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ НАУЧНО-
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ……………………
62
3.1.
Краткий обзор некоторых ценных источников научно-
образователной информации………………………………….
M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI AXBOROT
TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA KOMMUNIKATSIYALARINI
RIVOJLANTIRISH VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI
TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI
UNIVERSITETI
M.A. RAXMATULLAYEV, B.I. GANIYEVA
JAHON AXBOROT RESURSLARI
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi tomonidan oliy
o‘quv yurtlarining 5A350601 Axborotlashtirish va kutubxonashunoslik
magistratura mutaxassisligi talabalari uchun darslik sifatida tavsiya
etilgan
Toshkent- 2019
2
UDK 004.6:004.738.5 (075.8)
BBK 73 (ya 73)
R-39
Mas’ul muharrir: s.f.d., professor A.А.Umarov
Taqrizchilar: p. f. n., RIPK direktori D.А.Ganiyeva
t.f.n., «Kompyuter Osiyo» ilmiy-texnika parki
direktori A.M.Xundibayev
Raxmatullayev M.A., Ganiyeva B.I.
Jahon axborot resurslari:
darslik / M.A.Raxmatullayev, B.I. Ganiyeva; oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim
vazirligi;
Muhammad
al-Xorazmiy
nomidagi
TATU.-Toshkent:
Aloqachi,
2019.-192b.
Darslik jahonning yetakchi nashriyotlari va ular tomonidan chop
etilayotgan
ilmiy-ta’limiy
resurslarning
axborot-kutubxona
muassasalarida qo‘llanilishi, jumladan, elektron ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslar
haqidagi ma’lumotlar, ulardan foydalanishning
texnologik va tashkiliy
jihatlaridan tortib, to‘plash, tarqatishning huquqiy masalalari,
ularning
qidiruv tizimlari borasidagi qimmatli ma’lumotlarni mujassamlashtiradi.
Mazkur
darslik
5A350601-«Axborotlashtirish
va
kutubxonashunoslik» magistratura mutaxasissisligi talabalari uchun
mo‘ljallangan bo’lib, shu bilan bir
qatorda darslikdan elektron
kutubxona va arxivlar, axborot-kutubxona
sohasi mutaxassislari, ilmiy
faoliyat bilan shug‘ullanuvchi
barcha soha xodimlari, professor-
o‘qituvchilar, doktorantlar ham o‘z faoliyatlarida qo‘llashlari mumkin.
Dasturiy interfeys - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

|
Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 25/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатDasturiy interfeys hisoblash tizimi doirasida qurilma va dasturlar o‘zaro ta’sirini ta’minlovchi vositalar yig‘indisi.
Dasturiy mahsulot - Boshqa shaxslarga sotish yoki ishlash uchun berishga mo‘ljallangan va qator talablarga javob beruvchi dastur (dasturlar paketi). Ushbu talablarning eng muhimlari quyida keltirilgan – dasturning o‘zi va unga tegishli ko‘rsatma o‘zining to‘laqonli foydalanilishi uchun yetarli ma’lumotlar miqdoriga ega bo‘lishi lozim; dastur ishlab chiqaruvchi tomon kuzatuvida bo‘lishi lozim, ya’ni topilgan xatolar sotib oluvchilar uchun bepul tuzatilishi lozim; dastur o‘rnatish va foydalanish uchun qulay shaklda, odatda epchil yoki lazer disklarda ko‘rsatma va muhofaza taxlami bilan yetkazilishi lozim; dastur qonuniy ravishda sotib olingan dasturiy vositalar yordamida yaratilgan va patentlangan bo‘lishi lozim.
Dasturiy ta’minot - Axborotga ishlov berish tizimining barcha yoki ba’zi dasturlari, tartiblari, qoidalari va ularga tegishli hujjatlar. Dasturiy vositalar ular yozilgan tashuvchidan qat’iy nazar intellektual mahsulot hisoblanadi.
46
Dasturlash tili - Kompyuterlar uchun dasturlar (ko‘rsatmalar yig‘masi) yoziladigan, uni u yoki bu harakatlarni bajarishga majbur qiladigan rasmiy til. Dasturlash tilida yozilgan ko‘rsatmalar dastlabki kod deb ataladi. Dastlabki kod kompyuterda amalda bajarilishidan avval, uni mashina kodiga yo bo‘laklab talqin qilish, yo batamom talqin qilish zarur. Dasturlash tilining ta’rifi quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga oladi: - mumkin bo‘lgan belgilar ro‘yxatini; - zaxiralangan so‘zlar ro‘yxatini; - sintaksisni (belgilarni va zaxiralangan so‘zlarni birikmalash usullarini); - semantikani (dasturlash tilining birikmalar ma’nosi). Dasturlash tillari quyi pog‘ona tillariga (Assembler tili va mashina tili) va yuqori pog‘onadagi tillariga (BASIC, S, S++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Ada, Pascal va boshqalar) bo‘linadi. Shuningdek, to‘rtinchi avlod tillari (4GL) ham ajratiladi.
Dekort - xaridorga erta to‘lov bilan taqdim etilgan tovarlar narxidan yoki tovarning sifati shartnomada nazarda tutilganidan kam bo‘lganligi sababli chegirma. Dekort mahsulotning sifati kontrakt shartlariga nisbatan pastroq bo‘lsa ishlatiladi
|
| |
ГЛОССАРИЙ - M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

7
CONTENT
Introduction
10
1. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CREATION AND
SEARCH OF INFORMATION RESOURCES.
12
1.1.
Basic concepts of information resources.
12
1.2.
Technologies of creation of electronic
scientific and
educational resources
16
1.3.
Access to information resources
in corporate networks
21
1.4.
Creation and search of electronic scientific and
educational resources in corporate networks based on
cloud
technologies
24
2.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF ELECTRONIC
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES.
33
2.1.
International standards for copyright protection
33
2.2.
Legal aspects of the use of electronic publications in
information and library institutions in Uzbekistan
50
2.3.
Forms of agreements (contracts)
with authors or rights
holders of works
52
3.
REVIEW OF WORLD SOURCES OF SCIENTIFIC
AND EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION
62
3.1.
A brief overview of some valuable
sources of scientific
and educational information
62
3.2.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
PRESSPRINGER SCIENCE
AND BUSINESS MEDIA
78
3.3.
SPRINGER
SCIENCE AND BUSINESS MEDIA
87
3.4.
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
89
3.5.
ProQuest
90
3.6.
Literature Online (LION)
Tajriba ishi №1 - bet 2

|
Tajriba ishi №1
|
bet | 2/2 | Sana | 23.09.2024 | Hajmi | 28,29 Kb. | | #272087 |
Bog'liq Tajriba ishi1(9-sem)Dastur dialog oynasidan «Запуск измерения» knopkasini bosing.
КРЗ ni to`liq oching.
8-19 punkdagi barcha amallarni proporsionallik zonasi ; 30; 15 qiymalatlri uchun qayta bajaring
Nasos eletroyuritmasini o`chiring buning uchun chastotani boshqarish panelidan «Off/Reset» knopkasini bosing.
«Насос»ni ta`minot manbaidan o`chiring.
«АУ-РДУЖ измерения» dastur dialog oynasini yoping..
Stend boshqaruv tizimini ta`minotini o`chiring.
Proporsionallik zonasi qiymatining rostlash xatoligi va tizim turg`unligiga ta`siri haqida xulosa chiqaring..
Jadval.1. O`lchash natijalari
КР5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Управление преобразователем частоты
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 2
|
| |
Kodlash qoidasi - 4-mustaqil ish Optik kuchaytirgich va uni ng turlari

4-mustaqil ish Optik kuchaytirgich va uni ng turlari
4-mustaqil
1B2B sinfdagi biimpuls kodlarning energetik spektri 11.7- rasmda tasvirlangan, rasmdan shuni aytish mumkinki, ular liniya kodlarining spektral xarakteristikalariga qo‘yiladigan talablarga to‘liq javob beradi. Ilmiy-texnik adabiyotlarda BI-L, BI-S kodlari va ularning ba’zi modifikatsiyalari Manchester kodlari deb ataladi. Aniq tuzilishga ega bo‘lgan 1B2B sinfidagi kodlar kodlashdagi ortiqlilik, simvollar va ularning bloklari o'rtasida korrelatsion bog‘- liqliklaming mavjudligi tufayli elementlar bo‘yicha qabul qilishda nafaqat xatoliklarni topish, balki ulrani to‘g‘rilash imkonini ham yaratadi. Bu borada CMI (Coded Mark Inwersion) (11.6-rasmga va 11.2-jadvalga qarang) turdagi kod juda katta e’tiborga loyiq. CMI kodi yuqorida keltirilgan 1B2B sinfidagi kodlarga nisbatan yaxshiroq energetik spektrga ega (11,7-rasm), ya’ni energetik spekt- ri boshlang'ich raqamli signalning yarimtaktli chastotasida maksimumga ega, bu regeneratorlarning qabul qilish qurilmalarida taktli chastotaning shakllanishini osonlashtiradi. CMI kodida nisbatan oson, ortiqlilikning ma’lum bir qismi evaziga xizmat aloqasini tashkil etishi mumkin. Buning uchun odatiy rejimda «taqiqlangan» 01 (yoki 10) bloklari, shuningdek, 11 va 00 bloklarni ketma- ketligining buzilishi qo‘llaniladi. Bu imkoniyatlarni 1B2B sinfidagi boshqa kodlar ham taqdim etadi, biroq CMI kodida bu masala juda oson yechimini topadi. Liniya kodlari shakllanishining turli algoritmlari bir xil sifat ko‘rsatkichlariga olib kelishi mumkin. Bu borada 1B2B sinfiga mansub EP-1 va EP-2 elektron-foton kodlari qiziqishlami namoyon etadi (11.6-rasmga qarang). EP-1 kodi quyidagi tarzda hosil qilinadi: boshlang‘ich ketma- ketlikning «1» simvoli navbatma-navbat 11 va 00, «0» simvoli esa 10 yoki 01 bloklari bilan kodlanadi. Boshlang‘ich «0» simvoli kodlangan blokning birinchi simvoli undan oldingi blok simvolidan farq qilmaydi (11.2-jadvalga qarang). EP-2 kodining shakllanishida «1» boshlanghch ketma-ketli- gining o‘zgarishi EP-1 kodidagidek, «0» simvoli esa 10 va 01 bloklari bilan almashinib kodlanadi (11.2-jadvalga qarang). rasmda EP-1 va EP-2 elektron-foton liniya kodlarining energetik spektrlari keltirilgan. TOATda EP-1 kodiga teskari bo'lgan Miller kodi keng qo'llanish topgan. Miller kodida boshlang‘ich «0» simvoliga mos ravishda 11 va 00 bloklari, «1» simvoliga esa 01 va 10 bloklari qo‘yiladi. Bu kodda blokning birinchi elementi oldingi blokning oxirgi elementi singari bohishi kerak, boshlanghch signalning nollar ketma-ketligi
Download 112,91 Kb.
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa 4-mustaqil ish Optik kuchaytirgich va uni ng turlari
|
Muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti samarqand filiali telekomunika texnologiyalari fakulteti

Muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti samarqand filiali telekomunika texnologiyalari fakulteti
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa Muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti samarqand filiali telekomunika texnologiyalari fakulteti
|