nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
-rasm. Bir polosali modulyatsiyani tadqiq etishning tuzilish sxemasi

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-rasm. Bir polosali modulyatsiyani tadqiq etishning tuzilish sxemasi
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 19.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,67 Mb. | | #123184 |
Bog'liq Tizimlar va signallar 17 .1-rasm. Bir polosali modulyatsiyani tadqiq etishning tuzilish sxemasi.
Balansli modulyatsiya 8.2 rasmdagi sxema asosida o‘rganiladi.
7.2-rasm. Balansli modulyator (BM) ning tuzilish sxemasi.
Bir polasali modulyatorni o‘rganish, (OPM).
Balansli modulyator (BM) ni o‘rganish.
Metodik ko‘rsatmalari.
OPMni o‘rganish uchun quyidagilar bajarilishi kerak:
1.1. Programmani kirgizing va ossilografni sozlang. Buning uchun signal usileniyasini 1 V/del ga va signal razvyortkasini 0.05 ms/del ga to‘g‘irlang. Birinchi kanaldagi №3 nuqtani ulang.
1.2. Labaratoriya maketidagi “Ussledovanie odыopolosnoy modulyatsiya” tugmachasini bosing.
1.3. GVCh chiqishdagi kuchlanish chastotasini f = 10 kGs va amplitudasini Uf=1B ga to‘g‘rilang. GNCh da generator chiqishidagikuchlanish chastotani F=1kGs amplitudani Uf=1B to‘g‘rilang.
1.4. Labaratoriya maketining boshqaruv organidagi fazo almashtiruvchi ruchkani φ1= 90º va φ2 = 90 º sozlang. Ossilograf ekranida OPMli signalni kuzating.
1.5. OPMni signal chiqishdagi amplitudasini kuchlanishi NCh signalning kuchlanish amplitudasiga bog‘liqligini kuzating. Bunda (U1= 1B) doimiy amplituda kuchlanish tebranish yuqori chastotali (VCh).
Buning uchun GNCh generatorining Uf kuchlanish amplitudasini “0” dan 1V gacha xar 0,2V da o‘zgartirib turish kerak. Har bir Uf uchun OPM sxemasi chiqishdagi kuchlanish amplituda qiymatlarini ossilografdan oling. O‘lchov natijalarini 8.1. jadvalga kiriting.
7.1-jadval
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Texnologiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti farg - bet 3

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Texnologiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti farg
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 19.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,67 Mb. | | #123184 |
Bog'liq Tizimlar va signallar 1UF, V
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0
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0,2
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0,4
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……….
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1
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Uvыx,V
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| Hosil qilingan ko‘rsatgichlar asosida Uvax ∙ f(Uf), Uf = 1B grafigini chizing.
1.6. OPM dan chiquvchi signal kuchlanishi amplitudasi va doimiy amplitudali UF kuchlanishli NCh tebranishli signalni Uf kiruvchi kuchlanish amplitudalari bog‘liqligini o‘rganing. Buning uchun priborni avvalgi sxemada yoqiq xolda qoldirib, GNCh generatori chiqishdagi kuchlanish F = 1kGs va amplituda Uf = 1V qilib olamiz. GVCh generatori chiqishidagi kuchlanish Uf amplitudasini VCh qilib olamiz va uni 0 dan 0,2 V gacha o‘zgartiramiz. OPM chiqishidagi signalning kuchlanish amplitudasini ossilograf yordamida o‘lchang. O‘lchov natijalarini jadvalga kiriting .
Uvыx = f (Uf), bunda Uf = 1V .
Yuqoridagi funksiyaning grafigini chizing.
1.7. Xar ikkala kiruvchi amplitudalarini Uf = 1V va UF = 1V ga to‘g‘rilang. Zaryadlanuvchi ****** ruchkasini quyidagi holatlarida OPM sxemasi chiqishdagi signal shakllarini kuzating va chizib oling.
a) φ1 = 90º; φ2 = 90º ; v) φ1 = 45º; φ2 = 90º; d) φ1 = 90º; φ2 = 135º
b) φ1 = 90º; φ2 = 135º; g) φ1 = 90º; φ2 = 45º;
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Exam practice: W riting Task 2

7 The environment
S ubject + ve rb a g re e m e n t I both, e ith e r, n e ith e r as a su b je ct
Subject + verb agreement:
1
Uncountable nouns take sing u lar verbs.
2 We use groups of people
[the government, the team) + sin g u la r OR p lu ra l verbs.
Clouds form when w ater m olecules evaporate
The qovernm ent is/are buildina wind farm s in
into the air.
the north of the country.
This/that, these/those
1
We use
this/that + sin g u la r nouns and verbs. We use
these/those + p lu ra l nouns and verbs.
2 We use
this/that and
these/those to refer back to objects already m entioned. They m ust agree
w ith the noun already m entioned.
Tropical clim ates produce great biodiversity. These conditions are found m ainlv near the equator.
In mv opinion th is qovernm ent's record on protectina w ild life is not aood enouah.
B oth/either/neither as a subject
P ollution and excess fishing have caused a decrease in am ounts o f ____________m arine
diversity and stocks in the w o rld ’s seas.
2

8
Food
C ountable and u n c o u n ta b le nouns I Q u a n tifie rs w ith co u n ta b le and u n co u n ta b le nouns
Countable nouns:
Objects, ideas and people that can be counted are called countable nouns. We can use articles
and num bers w ith countable nouns. They can be sin g u la r or plural.
Approxim ately 2000 calories per day are necessary
fo r women to give them enough energy.
If you w ant specialist advice on food, the
person you should see is a nutritionist.
Uncountable nouns:
Abstract ideas, qualities and m aterials that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns. We
cannot use the indefinite a rticle o r num bers w ith uncountable nouns. They are usually singular.
Rice is the main ingredient of many
tra d itio n a l Asian dishes.
The doctor advised against eating food such
as cheese, which is high in fat.
Exceptions:
There are exceptions to the rules above.
1
Making uncountable nouns countable. By using a countable quantifying expression we can
change a noun from uncountable to countable:
tea - a pot of tea, advice - a bit of advice, rice - a
bowl of rice, coffee - a cup of coffee
She ordered two cups of coffee.
When a noun has two meanings. Some nouns have an uncountable and a countable meaning. 
1. glass (m aterial) + 2. a glass of water

U n its
Quantifiers:
Q uantifiers are used w ith countable and uncountable nouns as follow s:
Countable
f
Uncountable
...
some
Some top chefs in the w orld are
men.
Everyone needs to eat some protein
every day.
any
Have we qot anv tom atoes?
There isn’t anv salad left in the fridqe.
many/a lot of
Manv children do not eat enouqh
vegetables.
-
much/a lot of
-
We don't eat much meat these days.
few
There are few n u tritio n a l benefits in
fast food.
-
a few
Eatina a few nuts everv dav provides
vitam in B.
-
little
-
Teenaqers have little interest in cookinq.
a little
-
A little m ilk is qood fo r diqestion.
Note: Much is used in negative sentences and questions.
Much can be used in positive sentences
when there is a m odifying adverb [such as
too, so or as] and w ith some abstract nouns.
Practice exercises
j Gram m ar Tip: Rem em ber that
a few and
a little are used in a positive way, fo r example:
i
There are a few reasons fo r eating complex fats, (there are some reasons)
We have a little evidence for consuming more fat in our diet, (there is some evidence)
However,
few and
little are used in a negative way, fo r example:
There are few reasons for eating complex fats, (there are alm ost no reasons)
We have little evidence for consuming more fat in our diet, (there is alm ost no evidence)
1
Ocean biodiversity - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

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Fiona Aish & Jo TomlinsonBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsOcean biodiversity
Both the levels of fish stocks and m am m al biodiversity in the w orld's oceans have been declining in
recent years as a result of overfishing and m arine pollution. Yet new equipment and a return to more
traditional ways of fishing have shown how this trend can be reversed. An example of this can be
seen in the south Pacific where tuna fisherm en have started to use deep sea nets to tra w l the depths
of the oceans in order to avoid catching and killing sm aller fish. The amount of sm all fish caught with
these nets has already been reduced in the south Pacific and fisherm en in other oceans across the
w orld are interested in exploring different techniques to minimize th e ir impact on ocean biodiversity.
This is evident in the Gulf Stream w here the seasonal w arm th of the sea is an im po rta n t factor
in m aintaining both quantity and diversity. A few fishing com panies have been experim enting
w ith m onitoring chlorophyll levels of the Gulf Stream to identify areas w hich are likely to a ttra ct
fish due to the increase in plankton generated by the increased chlorophyll levels. This makes
the fishing com panies more efficient and reduces th e ir environm ental im pact by reducing
the am ount of travel. In addition, scientists have been w orking on identifying the sw im m ing
channels of w hales in the A tlantic to ensure that ships do not cross the channels and interfere
w ith the w hales’ com m unication. These scientists have discovered that disruption to the whales'
com m unication channels from the noise of ships has a negative effect on th e ir breeding patterns.
Every innovation in th is area is useful fo r protecting the diversity of the oceans in the future. With
scientists, conservationists and fisherm en a ll w orking tow ards solutions, some progress-is being
made in m an’s relationship w ith the oceans’ inhabitants.
QUESTIONS 1-5
Complete the sentences with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each
answer.
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Correct the mistakes in the word order and punctuation in the following sample essay

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Correct the mistakes in the word order and punctuation in the following sample essayBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for Exams4
Correct the mistakes in the word order and punctuation in the following sample essay.
"Rich and famous people are increasingly adopting children from developing countries. This
has overwhelmingly negative effects." Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Adoption has long been a com m on thing yet there a recent trend has been in adopting
children from overseas. This trend has been noted in the media as more and more
celebrities have adopted children from oth e r countries. Some people th in k th is is a
negative thing, but I think that on the w hole the effects positive of this outweigh any
negative repercussions as I sh a ll go on to show.
Firstly, adopting from other countries raises the awareness of a countrys plight. Seeing
fam ous people adopting children from countries like cambodia means that cambodia is in
the news more and people can find out w hat there is going on. Also, these children move
to ric h e r countries and can te ll people about th e ir native country raising awareness on a
s m a lle r scale.
Secondly, these children may w e ll not be adopted unless people come from overseas to do
it. A happy life in another country is surely bette r than an unhappy life in the country where
a person was born. The new country w ill give more opportunity the child and a fam ily that
they may not get if they were to stay in the orphanage
However fo r the children to retain th e ir cultu re it is im portant. There is a danger that this
m ight not happen if they move to another country. Therefore there should be a rule that
the adoptive parents allow the child to revisit th e ir home country and retain th e ir original
culture.
In conclusion, I th in k the personal adoption benefits gives a child and the awareness that
can be raised from these adoptions fa r outweighs any negative factors, such as change of
culture.
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We use both... and... + p lu ra l verbs.
2

Unit 7
Quantifying expressions: The + general noun +
of + specific noun. The verb agrees w ith the
general noun NOT the specific noun.
The am ount of Dollution has increased
dram atically.
The num ber of pesticides in farm inq is
declining.
The tvDes of pollution are more varied now
compared w ith the 19th century.
The quantities of chem icals in rivers have
changed according to environm entalists.
Exam tip: It is im po rta n t to make sure you check subject + verb agreem ent in your
w ritin g fo r Tasks 1 and 2. Mistakes in subject + verb agreem ent w ill reduce your w ritin g
score so you should leave tim e to check your w ork and make any necessary corrections
in the exam.
Practice exercises
Decide on the correct form (singular or plural) of the verbs in brackets and complete the
sentences 1-6.
1
Scientists at Oxford U n ive rsity________
[believe) that there are many different
solutions to the w orld 's environm ental problem s.
Grammar for IELTS - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

Exam practice: W riting Task 1 Unit 9 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the percentage of p a rt-tim e workers in each country of the United Kingdom in 1980 and 2010. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. W rite at least 150 words. per cent
40
B 1 9 8 0
02010
England
N orthern
Scotland
Ireland
Wales
The percentage of part-time workers in each country of the United Kingdom Exam tip: In W riting Task 1, it is essential to understand w hat the graph or chart is
representing. Look closely at the inform ation in the instru ction s as w e ll as a ll details of
the graph or chart.
The graph in th is task shows the percentage of p a rt-tim e w orke rs in each country of
the UK. The follow ing are incorrect statem ents:
• Wales had more part-tim e workers than England. (The graph is in percentages, not
num bers)
• England had 25% of part-tim e workers in 1980. (The countries do not add up to 100%
so England did not have 25% of a ll p a rt-tim e w orkers. The graph shows that 25% of
the population of England w orked part tim e.)
Now compare what you wrote with the model answer in the answer key. Employment and finance 4 1
10 Youth L in k in g I S ig np o stin g
Signposting: Signposting is seen in both speech and w riting as a way to organize
content and make it clear to the listener or reader where the content is going, for
example by:
III. Foydalanilgan boshqa adabiyotlar

78
M U N D A R I J A
KIRISH
………………………………………………………………………........
5
I BOB
OQAVA SUVLARNI TOZALASHNING O’RGANILGANLIK
DARAJASI
§ 1.1.
Suvning tirik organizmlar va xalq xo‘jaligi uchun ahamiyati…........
9
§ 1.2.
Suvni ifloslovchi omillar.................................................................... 18
§ 1.3.
Suvni biotexnologik usulda tozalashga oid respublikamiz bo’yicha
amalga oshirilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlar ....................................................
27
II BOB
TADQIQOT OBYEKTLARI VA USULLARI
§ 2.1.
Suvning sifati va ichimlik suvi sifatiga qo’yiladigan talablar.……
36
§ 2.2.
Tadqiqot obyektlari sifatida olingan yuksak suv o’simliklarining
biologiyasi................................……………………………...….........
40
§ 2.3.
Tadqiqot o’tkazish jarayonida qo’llanilgan usullar.............................. 51
III BOB.
TAJRIBALAR QISMI.
TADQIQOT NATIJALARI VA UNING
Tadqiqot obyektlari sifatida olingan yuksak suv o’simliklarining

38
– 2 guruh suv o'simliklari bo'lib bular asosan suv yuzasida qalqib o'sadigan
o'simliklar kiradi,
bularga eyxorniya, pistiya, ryaska, azolla va boshqa tur
o'simliklar kiradi;
– 3 guruh tanasining yarimi suvda o’suvchi yuksak suv o'simliklar guruhi bo'lib
hisoblanadi, bularga qamish, trasnik va boshqa tur o'simliklar kiradi.
Yuqoridagi o'simliklar yer yuzida keng tarqalgan bo'lib suv o'tlarini turlari 4000
ga yetadi, suv o'simliklarini turi esa, 3000 ga yaqinni tashkil etadi. Ulardan MDHda
– 403 ta turi ma'lum. Respublikamiz suv havzalarida 100 dan ziyod yuksak suv va
suv–botqoq o'simliklari turi uchraydi
1
.
Umuman suv o'tlari va suv o'simliklarini tabiatda tutgan o'rni katta ahamiyatga
ega bo'lib, ular tabiatda borayotgan turli jarayonlarda ishtirok etadi
va hosildorligi
yuqori bo'lishi va tarkibidagi biologik faol moddalarni ko'p saqlash jihatidan boshqa
yem xashak o'simliklardan ustun kelishi bilan ajralib turadi. Bundan tashqari
yuqorida o'simlik guruhlari, ayniqsa, suv yuzida qalqib o'sadigan o'simliklar biologik
filtr vazifasini bajaradi va suvni kislorod bilan boyitadi.
Yuksak suv o’simliklari tabiatda keng tarqalgan bo’lib,
ularning bir nechta
turlari mavjud. Ular asosan suv havzalari, havza bo’ylarida ham namlik bo’lgan
joylarda faol o’sib rivojlanadi.
Suvning yuza qismida o’suvchi suv o’simliklari
faol rivojlanib, kata
miqdorda biomassa hosil qilganligi sababli, ular turli sohalarda qo’llanilmoqda.
Bularning turlari–azolla, ryaska, pistiya, eyxorniya
va boshqalar tabiiy suv
havzalarida uchraydi. Pistiya va eyxorniya o’simliklari subtropik sharoitlardan olib
kelinib, O’zbekiston sharoitida o’sib rivojlanishga moslashtirilgan. Pistiya va
eyxorniya o’simliklarining oqova
suvlardan faol rivojlanib, suvlarni har xil
ifloslanishdan
tozalash darajasi, ko’pchilik olimlar tomonidan o’rganilgan.
Tadqiqot obyekti sifatida olingan yuksak suv o‘simliklari quyidagilar:
eyxorniya
(E
ichhornia crassipes (Solms.), Pontederiaceae), Pistiya (
Pistia stratiotes
(L.), Araceae), Azolla (
Azolla carolinana, Azollaceae), Kichik ryaska (
Lemna minor)
(2.1–rasm).
1
Скрепников Н. К. Право водопользование, водопотребления и охрана вод. - -Т.: -2011. -352 с.
–jadval 
Pistiya suv o’simligini oqava suvlarda o’stirilgandan oldingi va keyingi fizik–

65
3.3–jadval
Eyxorniya suv o’simligini oqava suvlarda o’stirilgandan oldingi va keyingi
fizik–kimyoviy tarkibi (7 kun oralig’ida)
1
Kimyoviy
ko’rsatkichlar
Tajribagacha
Tajribadan keyin
Hidi
5,0
1,8
Rangi
3,5
2,1
pH
9,0
7,3
KBS5, mgO2/l (BPK5)
56,0
32,4
Fosfatlar mg/l
3,1
2,5
Mis mg/l
2,6
1,0
Ammiak mg/l
3,8
2,5
Temir mg/l
1,5
4,8
Xloridlar mg/l
487,0
290,0
Xrom mg/l
0,8
0,1
Sulfatlar mg/l
39,0
31,20
Nitratlar mg/l
0,9
3,6
Nitritlar mg/l
0,3
1,8
Pistiyaning oqova suvni kislorodga bo'lgan talabni qondirish bo'yicha
ko'rsatkichlari eyxorniya o'simligiga nisbatan,
biroz balandroq, bu farq faqatgina
kimyoviy ko'rsatkichlarda emas, ya'ni o'simlikning xosildorligida xam ko'rishimiz
mumkin. Bunga sabab yuqorida qayd etganimizdek pistiya o'simligi barglari yirik
bo'lib satxini keng bo'lishi, bunda fotosintez jarayoni
jadal kechishi va buning
natijasida o'simlikning yaxshi rivojlanishini ta'minlashi va ildizini zich bo'lib,
baquvvat bo'lishi, oziq moddalarni faol o'zlashtirishiga imkon yaratishi asosiy
omillardan biri bo'lib, tabiatda pistiya o'simligi ushbu oqova suv tarkibiga yaqin suv
manbalarida tarqalishi katta rol` o'ynagan bo'lishi mumkin.
1
O’lchovlar Termiz suv tozalash inshooti labaratoriyasida olindi
66
Yuqoridagi natijalardan xulosa qilib aytganda, o'tkazilgan laboratoriya
sharoitida olib borilgan tajriba natijalari shuni ma'lum qiladiki, eyxorniya va pistiya
o'simliklari Termiz shahar oqova suv tozalash inshooti ga
tushayotgan oqova
suvlarni tarkibidagi turli moddalarni o'zlashtirib sezilarli darajada tozalash
xususiyatiga ega ekan. Bajarilgan tajriba natijalaridan ma'lum bo'ldiki suv o'simligi
eyxorniya va pistiyani ishlab chiqarishga tavsiya qilishga asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
Akvakul`tura sharoitida kommunal–maishiy oqova suvlarni eyxorniya va
pistiya yordamida tozalashning samarasi yuqori ekanligi kuzatilgan 10 kun
mobaynida oqova suvning tozalanishi KBS5 bo'yicha 96 %,
ichak tayoqchasi
bakteriyalarning kamayishi 99 %, ammoniy azotning kamayishi 96 %, fosforniki
– 90 % ni tashkil qilgan.
Suv o'simliklarning ko'pchilik vakillari biologik indikator vazifasini ham
bajaradi. Ifloslangan oqova suvlarda suv o'simliklari ko'p miqdorda rivojlanishi
natijasida suvni
erkin kislorod bilan boyitib, uni tozalanishini tezlashtiradi. Oqova
suvda erigan kislorodning miqdori 1 litr suvda 0 dan 10,7 m/g gacha ko'payishi
kuzatilgan. Kislorodning biokimyoviy sarflanishi, oksidlanishi kamayadi. Azotli
birikmalar: ammiak, nitrit va nitratlar suv o'tlari tomonidan o'zlashtiriladi. Ular oqova
suvlarning badbo'y hidini yo'qotadi
va rangini tiniqlashtiradi, suvdagi patogen va
saprofit bakteriyalar hujayralarining rivojlanishi kamayadi. Suv o'simliklari suvni 70–
75% gacha tozalaydi.
Yuqorida aytib o'tganlarni hisobga olgan holda, suv o'simliklarning har
tomonlama o'rganish ularning tabiatdagi xilma–xilligini aniqlash va ularni foydali
turlarini ajratib olib, sun'iy ko'paytirish yo'li bilan biomassasini xalq xo'jaligini
turli
sohalarida ishlatish ustida ish olib borish ahamiyatlidir.
TAHLILI 
§ 3.1 - Sattarov abdumurod sattarovich oqava suvlardan sifatli ichimlik suvi olishda biotexnologik

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Sattarov abdumurod sattarovich oqava suvlardan sifatli ichimlik suvi olishda biotexnologikBog'liq monograph Satorov indiya 2022 besh (1)TAHLILI
§ 3.1.
Azolla yuksak suv o’simligi yordamida biotexnologik tozalashning
ifloslangan suv ko’rsatkichlarining o’zgarishiga ta’siri ……………
59
§ 3.2.
Oqova suvda suv o'simliklarini o'stirish, chidamlilarini tanlab
olish va ularni tozalash darajalarini o'rganish ………………….....
64
XULOSA VA TAKLIFLAR
71
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI
75
79
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Sattarov abdumurod sattarovich oqava suvlardan sifatli ichimlik suvi olishda biotexnologik - bet 28

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Sattarov abdumurod sattarovich oqava suvlardan sifatli ichimlik suvi olishda biotexnologikBog'liq monograph Satorov indiya 2022 besh (1)____________________________________________________________________
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beef because this restaurant is fam ous for meat, but 
as we arrived late they didn't have many beefs

Exercise
U
The pie chart sh o w s the main careers of m illionaires
in the United States in percentages. We can see that
the majority of m illionaires are businesspeople,
while other jobs such as in the entertainm ent or
tfre politics only represent
a sm a ll proportion of the
total. However, it could be said that m illionaires are
m ostly people in the b u sin e ss and entertainm ent
industries.
In the USA, people who w ork in §; business account
for just under two thirds of millionaires.
The next
largest group of millionaires on the chart is people who
w ork in film and television. They account for 15 % of
the total. This group is closely followed by people who
work in music. This sector accounts for
a tenth of all
millionaires in the USA.
The sm aller groups all make up fewer than 10%
of millionaires when combined. These people are
sportspeople, politicians and people in other careers.
The sm allest group is
the 'other' group with two per
cent.
The environment - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

Units 7 -9
Exercise 2
1 c
2 a
3 d
4 b
Exercise 3
The graph
shows the amount of wildlife in gardens in
cities in the U K from 1980s to 201 Os. Overall, the number
of birds and insects
has increased, whereas the number
of butterflies has decreased. There were four million
butterflies in UK city gardens in the 1980s however,
this
number decreased rapidly from 2000 to 2010 and now
butterflies
are the least populous of the three groups
with only two million in U K city gardens. Both birds
and insects have increased steadily in quantity over the
period. The quantity of birds
has increased from 2.5 to
3.5 million and insects
have increased from 2.0 to 4.5
million. In general it can be said that each decade
has
seen a rise in bird and insect numbers.
Exercise
U
1 thinks
2 Som e clim atologists
3 is difficult
U government and scientists
Exam practice
1 both
2 (deep sea] nets
3 an important factor
U noise of ships
5 is useful
8 Food
Exercise 1
1 meat
2 few
3
soup
U meats
5 a bowl of soup, som e
6 much
Exercise 2
1 much meat
2 m eals
3 su g a r
U juice or water
5 a couple of
Exercise 3
Last year I went to a wonderful restaurant overlooking
the river in my city, Marseille, with a group of friends.
The special occasion w as my friend's 21st birthday and
we decided to go out for dinner. We wanted to eat a_
Sunshine and w a te r ________ (/be) both necessary fo r the growth of plants.
3

Look at the following graph and correct seven subject + verb mistakes in the text below it.
Number of birds, butterflies and insects in UK city gardens
m illion s
00 Birds
__
W B utterflies
|__□ Insects
The graph show the am ount of w ild life in gardens in cities in the UK from the 1980s to
2010s. Overall, the num ber of birds and
insects have increased, whereas the num ber of
butterflies has decreased. There were four m illion butterflies
in UK city gardens in the
1980s. However, these num ber decreased rapidly from 2000 to 2010 and now butterflies
is the least populous of the three groups w ith only two m illion in UK city gardens. Both
birds and insects have increased steadily in quantity over the period. The
quantity of birds
have increased from 2.5 to 3.5 m illion and insects has increased from 2.0 to 4.5 m illion. In
general it can be said that each decade have seen a rise in bird and insect numbers.
Grammar tip: When you have to complete sentences, rem em ber that the words you w rite
in the spaces must fit gramm atically. Check for agreem ent between nouns and verbs.
-rasm. Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish usullari tasnifi

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-rasm. Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish usullari tasnifi
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bet | 4/18 | Sana | 23.01.2024 | Hajmi | 165,76 Kb. | | #143927 |
Bog'liq 9-ma\'ruza (1)9.1-rasm. Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish usullari tasnifi.
9.2-jadval.
Turli xil ifloslanishni tozalash istiqbolli usullari
Ifloslanish ko‘rinishlari
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Tozalash usullari
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Kuyindi
Asfaltsmolali qatlam
Eskirgan yog‘lar
Qurim
Korroziya maxsulotlari
Lak-bo‘yoqlar qatlamlarini chiqishi
Er va chang chiqindilari
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Termomexanik (eritma, tuzlar); gidrotebranmaabrazivli; kombinatsiyalashgan; vanna-oqimli tozalash (eritilgan tarkib – kukunli eritma)
Suvparoqimli yuvuvchi vositalar; suvoqimli yuvish vositalari bilan; aylanuvchi erituvchi vositalar bilan; gidrotebranishabrazivli; kukunli eritmalarda botirib rastvorli vintli va tebranma akticlashgan aralashmalar.
Suvparoqimli yuvuvchi vositalar; suvoqimli yuqori bosimli yuvish vositalari bilan (yuvish vositalari va ularsiz); yuvish vositalari bilan past va o‘rta bosimli oqava eritmalari; vintli va kukunli qo‘zg‘atuvchi eritmalar, rastvoritel yoki kukunli eritmaga botirib tozalash.
Termomexanik (tuzlarni eritish)
Gidrotebranmaabrazivli; aylanma kislotali eritmalarda; kislotali eritmalarga cho‘ktirish (vannalarga static ko‘rinishda qismlarni joylash)
Suvparoqimli yuvuvchi vositalar; suvoqimli yuqori bosimli yuvish vositalari bilan (yuvish vositalari va ularsiz); kukunli eritmalarda botirib rastvorli vintli va tebranma akticlashgan aralashmalar.
Suvparoqimli yuvish vositalarisiz; yuvish vositalari yoki ularsiz yuqori bosimli suv oqavalarida.
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Optimal qiymatlar tufayli tozalash jarayonini tanlash Лфх va Лм texnologik va iqtisodiy jarayonlar asosida amalga oshiriladi. Jarayon Лфх muhitning yuvish va tozalash faolligiga, uning konsentratsiyasiga va haroratiga bog‘liq bo‘ladi. Ish faoliyati Ln tozalash jarayonining mexanik intensivligiga (oqava, tebranishlar, ultratovush tebranishlar va boshqalar) bog‘liq. Turli xil ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni bartaraf qilis uchun tavsiya etilgan tozalash usullari 9.2-jadvalda keltirilgan.
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Qo'llaniladigan cho’yan - Cho’yan turlari va ularning xususiyatlari

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Cho’yan turlari va ularning xususiyatlari
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 25.11.2023 | Hajmi | 109,5 Kb. | | #105385 |
Bog'liq Cho’yan turlari va ularning xususiyatlariQo'llaniladigan cho’yan
Egiluvchan temirning tarkibida grafit qotib qolgan shaklga ega. Bunday grafitga uglerodni yumshatish deyiladi. Kulrang cho’yan bilan taqqoslaganda, moyli cho’yan yuqori kuchga, egiluvchanlikka va qattiqlikka ega. Bu egiluvchanlikni oshirganligi sababli uning nomini oldi. Soxta temir so'zining to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'nosida ishlatilmaydi.
Yonuvchan temir quyma buyumlarni olish jarayoni ikki bosqichni o'z ichiga oladi: oq cho’yandan shaklli quyma ishlab chiqarish va tsementitni grafitlash uchun olingan quyqalarni yumshatish. Yuvish paytida oq cho’yan sementit parchalanib, flokulyar grafit hosil qiladi. Natijada mo'rt va qattiq quyma egiluvchan va yumshoqroq bo'ladi. Sho'r holati va yumshatish rejimiga qarab, cho’yanning tuzilishi ferritik (F), pearlitik (P) va ferrit-pearlitik metall asosga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Eng keng tarqalgan bu egiluvchan ferritli egiluvchan temirdir. Tovoqli temirni yumshatish 70-80 soat davom etadigan jarayon, ammo uni grafitlashdan oldin oq cho’yandan quyma quyish, shuningdek alyuminiy, bor, vismut yoki titan bilan cho’yanni o'zgartirish orqali tezlashishi mumkin. Yumshatish jarayonini tezlashtirishning boshqa usullari mavjud. Ushbu usullardan foydalanish yumshatish muddatini 35-40 soatgacha kamaytirishi mumkin
2-jadval. Tutqichli cho’yan, ularning asosiy xususiyatlari va qo'llanilishi
Tovar
|
HB
|
Xususiyatlari va qo'llanilishi
|
KCH 35-10 KCh37-12
|
160
|
Ferrit sinfidagi cho’yan qismlarni ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi,
yuqori dinamik va statik yuklarda ishlaydi
(kranlar, vites qutilari, uyalar, ilgaklar, qavslar, orqa akslar, qavslar)
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CK 30-6
CK 33-8
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160
|
Kamroq tanqidiy qismlarni ishlab chiqarish uchun
(qisqichlar, yong'oqlar, klapanlar, qishloq xo'jaligi texnikalari qismlari,
susturucular, flanjlar, muftalar, tormoz qismlari, pedallar,
kalitlar, prokladkalar, qavslar)
|
KCh 45-7
|
203
|
Tarkibida quyiladigan temir pearlitic sinflari yuqori quvvatga ega,
mo''tadil egiluvchanlik va yaxshi ishqalanishga qarshi xususiyatlarga ega.
Ulardan vilkalar, viteslar, qurt g'ildiraklari,
pistonlar, podshipniklar, konveyer zanjirlari, bog'lash joylari va roliklari,
muftalar, tormoz pedlari, tirsakli vallar
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KCh 50-5
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226
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KC 55-4
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236
|
KCH 60-3
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264
|
KCh 65-3
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264
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CK 70-2
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280
|
CN 80- 1,5
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314
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GOST 1215-79 ga binoan, cho’yan yuqori mustahkamlik bilan bir xil printsip bo'yicha belgilanadi. Masalan, temir belgisi 33-8 QP vositalari temir bir valentlik kuchi s bor, deb ham = 32,4 N / mm 2 (33 kgs / mm 2 ) va uzaytirish δ = 8%.
Yumshoq temir quyma buyumlarni 55 mm gacha tasavvurlar bilan olish mumkin. Kattaroq kesma bilan, quyma grafit quyma yadroda hosil bo'ladi va cho’yan yumshatish uchun yaroqsiz holga keladi. Mashinasozlikda tez-tez ishlatiladigan cho’yan ishlab chiqarish jarayonlariga qaraganda kamroq murakkab va arzon texnologik jarayonlar bilan olinadigan yuqori quvvatli cho’yan ishlatiladi .
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UF-1 qurilmasining texnologik xususiyatlari

UF-1 qurilmasining texnologik xususiyatlari
Qurilmaning unumdorligi filtratlar bo‘yicha, m3/soat ................. 0,3 — 0,4
Filtrlash yuzasi, m2 ................................................... ..............2.5
Ishchi bosim, MPa ................................................... ...............0,45
Membrananing ustidagi oqim tezligi, m/s .................................. 3,0—4,5
Ishchi eritma bo‘yicha mahsuldorlik, m3/soat ..............................13 — 15
Qayta ishlab chiqarilgan eritma uchun quvvat, m3 / sut ............... 7.2
Kiruvchi yog‘ning o‘rtacha miqdori, g/soat ......................... ……210—400
"Ultrafiltrlash" rejimida ish sikli hajmining qisqarishi 13 - 15% kontsentratsiya darajasida 85,7 - 92,3% ni tashkil qiladi. 169 marta dastlabki konsentratsiyadan so‘ng konsentratdagi yog‘ miqdori 8,5-15,0% ni tashkil etadi. Sozlanmagan ultrafiltrat yangi tayyorlangan ishchi eritmadan 12,5-28,0% kamroq yuvish quvvatiga ega.
BTU 0,5/2 - F1 ultrafiltrlarining o‘ziga xos mahsuldorligi 240 dan 60 l/m2-soatgacha o‘zgaradi, 56-70 soat ishlagandan so‘ng ultrafiltrlarni yuvish kerak.
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Makro tozalash - 9-Ma’ruza: Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish texnologiyasi. Режа

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9-Ma’ruza: Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish texnologiyasi. Режа
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bet | 3/18 | Sana | 23.01.2024 | Hajmi | 165,76 Kb. | | #143927 |
Bog'liq 9-ma\'ruza (1)Makro tozalash - bu sirtdan eng katta ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni olib tashlash jarayoni. Mikrotozalash - bu sirtning mikropürüzlülüğünden ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni olib tashlash jarayoni.
Faollashtiruvchi tozalash - bu ishqorlar va kislotalar eritmalarida qismlarni zaxarlash jarayoni.
Sirtning qoldiq ifloslanishini nazorat qilish uchun turli usullar qo‘llaniladi. Makrotozalash, artib tozalash massa va lyuminestsent usullar, mikrotozalash va faollashtiruvchi tozalashlar esa lyuminestsent va suv bilan ishqorlarga bo‘ktirib tozalash usullariga kiradi.
Sirtni qog‘oz solfetka, sochiq, mato yoki paxtali tampon bilan artib olinadi. Iflos chiqindilar miqdori artib olingan matolar tortib olinishi bilan aniqlanadi.
Ommaviy usul, shuningdek, qoldiq ifloslanishni tortish orqali aniqlashdan iborat. Tozalangan namunalarni standart etalonlar bilan taqqoslash orqali turli xil mahsulotlarni yuvish qobiliyatini tez va etarli darajada aniqlik bilan baholash lozim bo‘ladi.
Lyuminestsent usul moylarning ultrabinafsha nurlar ta’sirida lyuminestsentlanish xususiyatiga asoslangan. Yorqin yuzaning kattaligi va intensivligi sirtning ifloslanishini ko‘rsatadi.
Sirtni suv bilan namlash usuli, agar bu sirt yog‘ (gidrofob) ifloslantiruvchi moddalardan tozalangan bo‘lsa, metall yuzasining doimiy suv plyonkasini ushlab turish qobiliyatiga asoslanadi.
Sirtni tozalash - ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni sirtdan ma’lum bir tozalik darajasiga olib keladi. Turli xil tozalash usullari mavjud (1.1-rasm). Har bir usulning markazida ifloslantiruvchi moddalarni yo‘q qilish va ularni sirt yuzasidan olib tashlashning ma’lum bir usuli mavjud. Tozalash jarayonlarini tezlashtirish uchun quyidagi intensivlashtirish usullari qo‘llaniladi: tozalash vositasining harorati va bosimini oshirish, tozalash vositasini tebranish faollashuvini va boshqa usullar mavjud.
Umuman olganda, tozalash ishlari
А0=Афх+Ам
bu yerda: Афх — fizik va kimyoviy faoliyat natijasida tozalangan muhit tomonidan bajarilgan ish; АM — atrof-muhitning ifloslanishni yo‘q qilishga mexanik ta’siri va uning sirt yuzasi bilan cho‘kindini parchalanishining bog‘lanishi .
Fizikva kimyoviy jihatdan faolroq muhit (qaysiki Афхkatta), kamroq mexanik energiya talab qilinadi; kamroq Афх, qancha ko‘p sarflash kerak АM bir xil tozalash effektiga erishish uchun.
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–jadval - Sattarov abdumurod sattarovich oqava suvlardan sifatli ichimlik suvi olishda biotexnologik

63
maishiy–kommunal oqova suvda o'stirib ularni o'sishi, rivojlanishi
va hosildorligi
o'rgandik. Oqova suvlarni ishlab chiqarish sharoitida biologik tozalash
samaradorligini aniqlash uchun avvalo, laboratoriya sharoitida suv o'simligini
oqova suvda o'sishi, rivojlanishini o'rganishimiz va oqova suvni fizik–kimyoviy
tahlil qilishimiz zarur bo'ladi. Bu natijalar suv o'simliklarini tozalash darajalarini
aniqlashga hamda ishlab chiqarish sharoitida sinab ko'rishga imkon yaratadi.
Olingan
natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, pistiya o'simligi 100% ozuqa muhitda yaxshi rivojlanib,
hosildorligi yuqori bo'lganini kuzatdik. Eyxorniya o'simligi xam 100% oqova suvda
qoniqarli darajada o'sdi, ammo pistiyaga nisbatan eyxorniya o'simligining hosildorligi
biroz kamroqligi aniqlandi. Pistiya o'simligini hosildorligi hattoki 100% oqova suvda,
nazorat variantga nisbatan ham yuqori bo'lib, ushbu oqova suvga chidamli
ekanligi kuzatildi. Bunga sabab mazkur suv o'simliklari tabiatda ham organik
moddalarga boy bo'lgan suv havzalarida
uchrashi kuzatilgan
1
.
O'tkazilgan tajribalar shuni ko'rsatyaptiki, oqova suv pistiya va eyxorniya
o'simliglarning o'sish va rivojlanishiga aks ta'sir qilmas ekan, aksincha,
ularning
o'sishini tezlashtirar ekan. Hattoki, oqova suvning suyultirilmagan variantida ham
pistiyaning o'sishi jadallashgan. Chunki, shu suv tarkibidagi organik va mineral
moddalarning miqdori boshqa variantlarga nisbatan ko'p bo'lganligi sababli, uning
o'sishi tezlashgan bo'lib, oqova suvini vodoprovod suvi bilan suyultirilmasdan
to'g'ridan – to'g'ri unga pistiya va eyxorniya o'simliglarini ko'paytirsa bo'lar ekan.
Oqova suvlarni turli kontsentratsiyalarda va standart ozuqa muhitida suv o'simligi
pistiya va eyxorniya o'stirib, o'sishi, rivojlanishi va hosildorligini o'zgarganidan
so'ng, ularni tozalash xususiyatlarini aniqlash maqsadida suv o'simligi o'stirmasdan
avval va o'stirgandan so'ng 7 kun o'tgandan so'ng gidrokimyoviy tahlil o'tkazdik.
Suvlarni fizik–kimyoviy tahlillari shuni ko'rsatadiki (3.2 va 3..3–jadval) pistiya
o’simligi o’stirilgan suvning hidi 5 balldan 1,5 balga tushgan,
muallaq moddalar
boshqa oqova suvni turli kontsentratsiya variantlarida 10 barobar, quruq qoldiq
50 % gacha, umumiy azot 90–100 % gacha, xlor 45 %, sulfat 60 %, kislorodga
1
Shoyakubov R. Yuksak suv o'simligi – Pistiyani turli sanoat va qishloq xo'jaligi ishlab chiqarishdan chiqadigan oqova
suvlarni tozalash samaradorligi.// Algologiya, mikologiya va gidrobotanikaning dolzarb muammolari
avzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy
- amaliy konferentsiyaning maqolalar to'plami T:, 2009. 259-262 b
.
64
bo'lgan ehtiyoj 90 % ga kamayganligini kuzatish mumkin. Pistiya va eyxorniya
suv o'simliklarini qishloq xo'jaligi ishlab chiqarishi (chorvachilik, cho'chqachilik)
oqova suvlarida o'stirilganda ham o'xshash natijalar olingan
1
.
-jadval - 9-Ma’ruza: Qismlarni tozalash va yuvish texnologiyasi. Режа

9.1-jadval.
Jixoz qismlarining ayrim ifloslantiruvchi moddalarining xususiyatlari.
Ifloslanish
|
Jixoz qismlarining tavsiflari
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Ifloslanishning maksimal qalinligi, mm
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Yuzalarning ifloslanish maksimal maydoni, %*
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Jixozda**
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Dvigatelda
|
Kukun-chang cho‘kindilari(yo‘l tuproqlari)
Moy-loy cho‘kindilari
Lak bo‘yoq qatlamlarini yiyilishi
Korroziya maxsulotlari
Qurim
Neft-smolali cho‘kindilar
Qurum
|
Yurituvchi-Shassiqismlari, ramalar, tana, kabina qismlari
Dvigatel va uzatishlar qutisi tashqi sirt yuzalari
Tana, kabina, ramalar, qanotlar
Rama, shassi qismlari, kabina, tana
Blok va silindr boshlari sovutish ko‘ylagi
Tirsakli val bo‘yinlari, shatun, silinndr bloklari karterlari
Silindr boshlari, o‘tkazuvchi potrubkalar, chiqaryvchi klapanlar
|
30
10
1.0
20
5
3
10
|
70
10
90
10
1
-
-
|
-
15
70
5
2
30
3
|
|
|
|
|
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* Jixozlar va ularning agregatlariing sirt yuzalari maydoni 75-150 m2; dvigatellar va ularning qismlari maydoni 10-25 m.
** Dvigatelsiz.
Ta’mirlash jarayoni bilan bog‘liq texnologik ifloslanish. Bularga quyidagilar kiradi: sanoat changlari, strujkalar va abraziv moddalar, shlaklar va chiqindi parchalari, oquvchi pastalar va emulsiya qoldiqlari, ish paytida abkatkali yiyilish mahsulotlari.
Ishqalanish yuzalarida ishlash jarayonida qismlarni ushbu ifloslantiruvchi moddalardan qoniqarsiz tozalash bilan ularning intensiv yiyilishi sodir bo‘ladi. Ishlash davrida yuzaga keladigan to‘xtashlar, chiziqlar, xavflar qismlarning dastlabki eskirishiga sezilarli ta’sir qiladi.
Texnologik ifloslanish o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega, ular tozalash texnologiyasini tanlashda e’tiborga olinishi kerak. Qattiq ifloslantiruvchi moddalar (sanoat changlari, mikrochanglar, shlaklar, temir siniqlari, strujkalar) sirt bilan kimyoviy bog‘lanmaydi, lekin odatda yog ‘plyonkasi bilan bog‘lanadi va ular bilan birga chiqariladi. Istisno tariqasida - bu kanallardagi strujkalar, oksidli plyonkalar, metall yuzasiga yopishib ko‘miladi(yoglangan) abraziv zarralar. Ularni olib tashlash uchun kuchli va yo‘naltirilgan gidrodinamik effekt yoki uzoq muddatli kavitatsiya (ultratovush) ta’siri ostida tozalash mumkin. Pritirkalovchi pastalarini olib tashlashda shuni yodda tutish kerakki, pastalarning suyuq va qattiq tarkibiy qismlarini bir vaqtning o‘zida olib tashlash kerak, aks holda faqat suyuq komponentlarni, masalan, eritish orqali olib tashlash, olib tashlashni qiyinlashtiradi. quritish va siqilish natijasida qattiq komponentlar, bu ularning emulsifikatsiyasini murakkablashtiradi.
Aylanma yog‘ni filtrlash orqali tizimdagi filtrlangan yiyilgan mahsulotlarni olib tashlash kerak.
Qoldiq ifloslantiruvchi moddalar miqdoriga qarab, tozalashning uch darajaga ajratiladi: makro tozalash; mikrotozalash; faollashtiruvchi tozalash darajalari.
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Buxgalteriya hisobining predmeti va metodi

m a’lumotlari haqiqiyligini inventarizatsiya yordamida tekshirib,
aniq va to ‘g ‘ri hisob m a’lumotlari asosida buxgalteriya balansi va
hisobotlarini tuzadi.
Bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida iqtisodiyotda
turli mulkchilik
shaklidagi subektlar erkin faoliyat yuritishlari uchun qabul qilingan
0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasining “M ulkchilik to‘g ‘risida”gi, «Tadbir-
korlik faoliyati erkinligining kafolatlari to ‘g ‘risida»gi va boshqa
qonunlar islohotlar rivoji uchun xizmat qilib kelmoqda. Buxgalteri
ya hisobi ushbu korxonalam ing mulki va ulam ing harakatini, ular-
dan oqilona foydalanish holatlarming maxsus usullarini q o ilag an
holda hisob hujjatlarida aks ettirib boradi.
Buxgalteriya hisobi iqtisodiyotdagi har bir korxona,
tash-
kilot, muassasa, uyushmalarda yuritilib, ulam ing xo ‘jalik faoli-
yatini to ‘liq yoritib beradi. jam lanib, butun iqtisodiyot b o ‘yicha
m a’lumotlar olinadi, natijada ular faoliyati
ustidan nazorat va
boshqaruv olib boriladi. Korxona, tashkilot, muassasa, uyushma
larda buxgalteriya hisobi 0 ‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Buxgal
teriya hisobi to ‘g ‘risida”gi Qonuniga (yangi tahriri) asoslanib olib
boriladi. Korxonalar buxgalteriya hisobi shu korxonalar faoliyatini
uzluksiz, yoppasiga kuzatib, hujjatlashtirib, olingan m a’lumotlami
baholash orqali schyotlar tizimida ikki
yoqlam a yozuv yordamida
aks ettiradi, ham da hisob m a’lumotlari haqiqiyligini inventarizatsi
ya yordamida tekshirib, aniq va to ‘g‘ri hisob m a’lumotlari asosida
buxgalteriya balansi va hisobotlarini tuzadi.
Xorijlik olimlar qarashlariga k o ‘ra, “buxgalteriya hisob -
xo‘jalik yurituvchi subekt faoliyati to ‘g ‘risidagi axborotlami
o ‘lchash, qayta ishlash va etkazib berish ham da foydalanuvchilar-
ga cheklangan reserslar b o ‘yicha mavjud muqobil echimlardan eng
maqbulini tanlash imkoniyatini yaratish tizim i” 10 hisoblanadi. Ba-
yon etilganlar asosida fanning predmeti to‘g ‘risida quyidagi ta ’rifhi
keltirish mumkin.
Buxgalteriya hisobining predmeti - korxonaning x o ‘jalik
mablag‘lari va ulaming tashkil topish manbalarini, ulaming xo‘jalik
l-jadval - 1 bob. Buxg alteriya h iso b I n a z a r iy a si fa- n in in g a h a m iy a t I, pr e d m e t I, m eto d I va

xo'jalik jarayonlarini qiymat shaklida ifodalaydi, ulami jarayonlar
mazmuniga m os ravishda schetlarda aks ettiradi. Sodir bo‘lgan ja
rayonlar to ‘g‘risidagi axborotlami qiymat ko‘rinishida
tizimli tar-
tibga soladi, schetlar registrlarida ro ‘yxatdan
o ‘tkazadi va
axborotlarni guruhlab, tizimlashtiradi ham da jam langan axborot-
larni foydalanuvchilarga qulay tarzda hisobotlar k o ‘rinishida zarur
boshqaruv qarorlari qabul qilish uchun etkazib beradi.
Turli mulkchilik shakllarida faoliyat
yurituvchi korxonalarn-
ing vazifasi o ‘z faoliyati jarayonida mahsulot ishlab chiqarish (ish-
lar bajarish, xizm atlar k o ‘rsatish)dan iborat. Bu vazifalarni bajar-
ish uchun birinchi navbatda ta ’minot jarayonini bosib o ‘tishi, ish
lab chiqarish va undan keyin esa uni sotish jaravoniga kelishi ker-
ak. Bu bosqichlar har doim bir-birlarining o ‘m ini egallaydi va shu
bilan korxonada m ablag‘laming uzluksiz
aylanishini hosil qiladi
(1.4.1-chizma).
1 bob. Buxg alteriya h iso b I n a z a r iy a si fa- n in in g a h a m iy a t I, pr e d m e t I, m eto d I va

1 bob. Buxg alteriya h iso b I n a z a r iy a si fa- n in in g a h a m iy a t I, pr e d m e t I, m eto d I va
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa 1 bob. Buxg alteriya h iso b I n a z a r iy a si fa- n in in g a h a m iy a t I, pr e d m e t I, m eto d I va
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Exam practice model answer

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Exam practice model answer Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsExam practice model answer
The bar chart sho w s the percentage of people who
have part-time jobs in the countries that make up the
United Kingdom, both in 1980 and in 2010. There'has
generally been a sm a ll increase in part-time w orkers
from 1980 to 2010, except in Northern Ireland. The
graph also sho w s that England and Wales have far
more part-time w orkers than Northern Ireland and
Scotland.
In 1980, 2 5 % of people in England worked part time.
The only country with a greater percentage of part-time
w orkers w as Wales, with around 3 3 % working part
time. Both countries saw an increase in the percentage
of people working part time in 2010. In England, the
percentage rose to over 3 0 % and in Wales percentage
rose to just over 35%.
Scotland had the smallest percentage of part-time
workers in 1980, with just over ten per cent. However,
this rose to almost 2 0 % in 2010 which is a large increase.
Lastly, Northern Ireland was the only country which had
a decreasing percentage of part-time workers. In 1980,
it had around 15% of people in part-time work. This
decreased by a couple of per cent in 2010.
10 Youth
Exercise 1
1 A s a result OR Therefore Function: Result
2 In addition to Function: Addition
3 Thirdly, Lastly, Finally Function: Ordering
U due to OR because of Function: Reason
5 but OR yet Function: Contrast
6 In conclusion OR In sum m ary Function: Sum m arizing
Exercise 2
1 Volunteering
2 community based
3 expensive (to staff)
U Dram a
5 likely to continue
6 new schem es
Exercise 3
1 due to
2 for example
3 although
U In addition to
5 However
6 because of
7 Lastly
8 such as
9 A s a result of
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