nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
N. B. Adizova, R. X. Jumayev, R. A. Qo‘ldoshev, S. R. Ismatov ona tili o‘qitish metodikasi

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N. B. Adizova, R. X. Jumayev, R. A. Qo‘ldoshev, S. R. Ismatov ona tili o‘qitish metodikasiBog'liq 12590 2 CE8BD3CE1F03505534B64BE6967001D373895E4B
1
N.B.ADIZOVA, R.X.JUMAYEV,
R.A.QO‘LDOSHEV, S.R.ISMATOV
ONA TILI O‘QITISH METODIKASI
BUXORO 2020
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O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI
OLIY VA O‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI
BUXORO DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI
N.B.ADIZOVA, R.X.JUMAYEV,
R.A.QO‘LDOSHEV, S.R.ISMATOV
ONA TILI O‘QITISH METODIKASI
Oliy o‘quv yurtlarining 5111700-boshlang’ich ta’lim yo‘nalishi
talabalari uchun o‘quv qo‘llanma
BUXORO- 2020
3
Ushbu o‘quv qo‘llanma 5111700–boshlang’ich ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalari
uchun mo‘ljallangan bo‘lib, unda ona tili o‘qitish metodikasi fanining predmeti,
maqsad va vazifalari, printsiplari, ta’lim metodlarining tasnifi, ona tili va o‘qish
fanlarini
o‘qitish
jarayonida
zamonaviy
pedagogik
va
axborot
texnologiyalardan foydalanishning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari o‘z ifodasini
topgan.
Mas’ul muharrir:
A. R. Hamroyev - pedagogika fanlari doktori (DSс), dotsent
Taqrizchilar:
B. R. Adizov - pedagogika fanlari doktori, professor
M.M. Axmetjanov - pedagogika fanlari nomzodi, professor
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“Boshqaruv” (“menejment”) tushunchasining mohiyati.  Бошқарув

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“Boshqaruv” (“menejment”) tushunchasining mohiyati. Бошқарув
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bet | 5/22 | Sana | 04.01.2024 | Hajmi | 69,71 Kb. | | #130234 |
Bog'liq pedagogika javoblar7. “Boshqaruv” (“menejment”) tushunchasining mohiyati. Бошқарув – бу қадимги санъат ва энг янги фандир. Бошқарув соҳасидаги мутахассислар фикрича, бошқарув сиёсий, иқтисодий технологик, ижтимоий ва ахлоқий тизимларнинг қисми бўлиб, ўзининг йўналиши, тамойиллари, услубларига эга. Бошқача қилиб айтганда, бошқарув жиддий илмий-услубий асосга таянади. Ҳар бир фан билимлар мажмуи бўлиб, жамият ва табиатдаги ходиса ва қонунларни англаб тушунтиришга ҳаракат қилади. Менежмент (ёки бошқариш)мавжуд минимал имкониятлардан максимал натижаларга эришиш мақсадида муайян ходим ёки гуруҳга таъсир этиш, улар билан ҳамкорлик қилиш жараёни Бошқарув назарияси ўзининг тадқиқот объектига эга. У бошқарув жараёнининг ташкил этилиши ва бу жараёндаги одамлар муносабатлари нинг конуниятларини ўрганади. “Бошқарув жараёни санъатдир, унинг моҳияти илмни (бошқарув со ҳасидаги ташкилий билим асосларини) ҳар бир шароитга нисбатан ишлатилишидадир”. Г.Кунц, С.О.Доннел Бошқарув фанининг асосий вазифаси - ходисаларни қайд этиш ва тизимлаш, амалий хулоса ва тавсияларни ишлаб чикиш, улар орасидаги сабабий алоқаларни аниқлаш
8. “Ta’lim muassasasi faoliyatini boshqarish” tushunchasining tavsifi. Har qanday faoliyat singari boshqarish faoliyati ham o'z vazifalarini bir qator tamoyillarga asoslanib amalga oshiradi. Pedagogik adabiyotlarda ta'lim tizimini boshqarishda asos bo'lib xizmat qiluvchi tamoyillarni ular tomonidan bajariladigan vazifalar (rejalashtirish, tashkil etish va nazorat qilish)ga tayanilgan holda belgilanishiga alohida urg'u berilgan. Ta'lim muassasasini boshqarish tamoyillari - pedagogik tizimni boshqarishni demokratiyalash va insonparvarlashtirish; - boshqarishning tizimliligi va yagonaligi; - boshqarishning markazlashtirilgan va markazlashtirilmagan holatlarining ratsional uyg'unligi; - yakka hokimlik bilan jamoatchilik boshqaruvining birligi;
- ta'lim tizimini boshqarishda axborotlarning ob'ektivligi va to'liqligi Pedagogik tizimni boshqarishni demokratiyalash va insonparvarlashtirish. Pedagogik kadrlarni tanlov va shartnoma asosida ishga qabul qilish, qabul qilinayotgan qarorlarni ochiq muhokama qilish, axborotlarning barcha uchun ochiq va tushunarli joriy etish, ta'lim muassasasi jamoatchiligi oldida ma'muriyatning muntazam hisobot berishi, o'qituvchi va o'quvchilarga ta'lim muassasasi hayotiga oid o'z fikrlarini bildirishga imkon berish, ta'lim muassasasida demokratik g'oyalarning ustuvor o'rin tutishini anglatadi. Ta'lim tizimini boshqarishda shaxsga alohida hurmat bilan munosabatda bo'lish, unga ishonish, pedagogik faoliyatda subyektning subyektga munosabati darajasiga erishish, o'quvchi va o'qituvchining huquq va manfaatlarini himoya qilish, o'z iste'dodlari va kasbiy mahoratlarini erkin namoyon etish uchun sharoit yaratish insonparvarlik tamoyiliga asoslangan boshqaruv mohiyatini anglatadi.
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Tarbiya jarayonining qonuniyatlari va tamoyillari

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Tarbiya jarayonining qonuniyatlari va tamoyillari
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bet | 8/22 | Sana | 04.01.2024 | Hajmi | 69,71 Kb. | | #130234 |
Bog'liq pedagogika javoblar13. Tarbiya jarayonining qonuniyatlari va tamoyillari.
Тарбия - муайян, аниқ мақсад ҳамда ижтимоий-тарихий тажриба асосида шахсни ҳар томонлама ўстириш, унинг онги, хулк-атвори ва дунёқарашини таркиб топтириш жараёни. Бошқачароқ талқин этилганда, тарбия ёш авлодни муайян мақсад йўлида ҳар томонлама вояга етказиш, унда ижтимоий онг ва хулк-атворни таркиб топтиришга йўналтирилган фаолият жараёнидир.
Тарбия хусусида таниқли ўзбек педагоги Абдулла Авлоний шундай дейди: «Ал-ҳосил, тарбия бизлар учун ё хаёт, ё мамот, ё нажот - ё фалокат, ё саодат - ё халокат масаласидур».
Тарбиянинг тамойиллари (принциплари)
Тарбиянинг маълум мақсадга қаратилганлиги
Тарбиянинг инсонпарварлик ва демократик қоидаси
Тарбиянинг ҳаёт билан, меҳнат билан боғланганлиги
Тарбияда миллий-маданий а умуминсоний қадриятларнинг устиворлиги
Тарбида ўқувчиларнинг ёш ва шахсий хусусияларини ҳисобга олиш
Изчиллик, тизимлилик, тарбиявий таъсирларнинг бирлиги ва узлуксизлиги
14. Tarbiya metodlari.
Метод (юнонча «методос» – йўл) тарбия мақсадига эришишнинг йўли; тарбияланувчиларнинг онги, иродаси, туйғулари ва хулқига таъсир этиш усуллари. Мактаб амалиётига татбиқ этилганда, методлар – бу тарбияланувчиларнинг онги, иродаси, туйғулари ва хулқига таъсир этиш усулларидир. Тарбия усуллари
Ижтимоий онги шакллантирувчи усуллар:
Суҳбат
Ҳикоя
Намуна
Фаолият жараёнида ижтимоий хулқ ва тажрибаларни шакллантириш усуллари
Машқ ва ўргатиш усуллари (фаолиятда машқ қилиш; кун тартиби машқлари; махсус машқлар)
Топшириқ
Педагогик талаб
Ўз-ўзини тарбиялаш усуллари
Ўз-ўзини таҳлил қилиш
Ўз-ўзини баҳолаш
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Chapter 2 Implementing Active Directory Fill in the Blank

Lesson 2
Chapter 2
Implementing Active Directory
Fill in the Blank
Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word or words in the blanks provided.
1. You can install Active Directory from the Windows command-line using the __dcpromo__ utility.
2. The _Password Replication Policy_ will configure which user accounts will or will not be cached on an RODC.
3. The _nslookup_ command allows you to troubleshoot DNS information from the command line.
4. To install Active Directory on a Server Core computer, you will need to use a(n) _unattended installation_.
5. You can use _User Principal Names (UPNs)_ to ease the user logon process in a large, multidomain environment.
6. The __SYSVOL__ shared folder is replicated to each domain controller and stores domain-wide information such as Group Policy Objects and login scripts.
7. Active Directory _latency_ refers to the amount of time it takes for changes to replicate to every domain controller in an environment.
8. _Incremental_ zone transfers allow modern DNS servers to replicate only records that have been changed, rather than the contents of an entire zone.
9. The Active Directory Domain Services __binaries__ are not installed on a Windows Server 2008 computer until you add the AD DS role to the computer.
10. If two SRV records have the same priority, the frequency by which they are accessed by clients will be determined by their relative _weight_.
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Sharq va G‘arb mutafakkirlarining pedagogik g‘oyalari

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Sharq va G‘arb mutafakkirlarining pedagogik g‘oyalari
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bet | 14/22 | Sana | 04.01.2024 | Hajmi | 69,71 Kb. | | #130234 |
Bog'liq pedagogika javoblar22. Sharq va G‘arb mutafakkirlarining pedagogik g‘oyalari. Шарқнинг қомусий олимлари Абу Райҳон Беруний, Абу Али Ибн Сино, Ал Форобий, Давоний ва бошқалар асарларида таълим-тарбия, ўқитиш масалалари атрофлича баён қилиб берилган. Беруний қарашлари: 1.Ўқитишда ёдлаш эмас, балки тушуниш, мантиқий фикрлаш, хулосалср чиқариш йўлига амал қилиш лозимлиги; 2.Ўқитишда ўқувчининг қизиқиши интилиши ҳисобга олиниши ва муаллим ўз шогирдларига хушмуомалали бўлиши; 3.Ўқитишда турли усул, методларни қўллаш, яни қараб чиқиш, ўқилмаган мавзуларни ўқиб олиш, керакли жойларини қайта ўқиб олиш, умуман яна ўқиб чиқиш ва тушуниб олиш; 4. Ўқув қуролларини, китобларни эътибор билан авайлаб, асраб тутиш, бу китоблар инсониятнинг бойлиги еканлиги Umuman, qadimgi Sharq va G‘arb falsafasining ijtimoiy muammolari orasida axloq mavzusi yetakchilik qiladi. O‘sha davrda yaratilgan hikmatli so‘z, iboralar bugungi kunda ham insonni mulohaza yuritishga majbur qiladi. Sharqda nafaqat din sifatida, balki yaxlit madaniyat, ma’naviyatning shakllanishida ham katta ahamiyatga ega bo‘ldi. U madaniyatning ilm-fan, san’at, axloq, siyosat kabi sohalarining rivojiga ham ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. Bu davrda diniy ilmlar sohalarida mintaqa shuhratini olamga tanitgan imom Buxoriy, imom Termiziy, Nizomulmulk, Dunyoviy ilmlar sohasida esa Forobiy, Beruniy, Ibn Sino, hamda tasavvuf ma’naviy-ma’rifiy ta’limoti sohasida Ahmad Yugnakiy, Yusuf Xos Hojib, Najmiddin Kubro, Bahouddin Naqshband va boshqa buyuk alloma va mutafakkirlarning jamiyat taraqqiyoti rivojida ma’naviyat hodisasining beqiyos o‘rni haqidagi qarashlari butun jahon ilmiy va falsafiy tafakkurining ravnaqiga hayotbaxsh hissa qo‘shdi.
23. Ta’lim prinsiplari, qonuniyatlari.
Таълим принциплари: 1. Таълимнинг илмий бўлиши принципи. 2. Таълим ва тарбиянинг бирлиги принципи. 3. Таълимнинг тизимли ва изчил бўлиши принципи. 4. Таълимда назариянинг амалиёт билан боғлик бўлиши принципи. 5. Таълимда онглилик, фаоллик ва мустақиллик принципи.6. Таълимда кўрсатмалилик принципи. 7. Таълимда ўқувчиларга мос бўлиш принципи. 8. Таълимда билим, кўникма ва малакаларини пухта ва мустаҳкамланиш принципи. 9. Ўқувчилар жамоасига таълим бериш жараёнида ҳар қандай укувчига хос хусусиятларни ҳисобга олиб ўқитиш принципи. 10. Фанлараро боғлиқлик принципи
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Pedagogikaning boshqa fanlar bilan aloqasi

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Pedagogikaning boshqa fanlar bilan aloqasi
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bet | 3/22 | Sana | 04.01.2024 | Hajmi | 69,71 Kb. | | #130234 |
Bog'liq pedagogika javoblar5. Pedagogikaning boshqa fanlar bilan aloqasi.
1. Фалсафа – шахс ривожланиши жараёнининг диалектик хусусиятлари, муайян педагогик гоя, караш хамда таълимотларнинг фалсафий жихатлари каби масалаларни тахлил этишга имкон беради. 2. Иктисод – таълим муассасаларининг фаолиятини йўлга кўйиш, ўкув биноларини куриш, таълим-тарбия жараёнларини ташкил этиш ва уларнинг моддий-техника ва замонавий технологиялар билан жихозлаш каби масалаларнинг иктисодий жихатларини англашга хизмат килади. 3. Социология – ижтимоий муносабатлар мазмуни, уларни ташкил этиш шартлари хусусида маълумотларга эга бўлиш асосида таълим-тарбия жараёни иштирокчиларининг ўзаро муносабатларини самарали ташкил этиш учун имконият яратади. 4. Этика- шахс маънавиятини шакллантириш, унда энг олий инсоний сифатлар, ахлокий онг ва маънавий-ахлокий маданиятни тарбиялашда мухим ўрин тутувчи назарий гояларни педагогик жараёнга татбик этишда алохида ўрин тутади. 5. Эстетика – шахс томонидан гўзалликнинг хис этилиши, унга интилиши, шунингдек, унда эстетик дидни тарбиялашда мухим йўналишларни аниклашга хизмат килади. 6. Физиология – ўкув-тарбия жараёнида болаларнинг физиологик, анатомик хусусиятларини инобатга олиниши учун бошлангич асосларни беради.7. Гигиена – ўкувчиларнинг саломатлигини мухофазалаш, уларнинг жинсий жихатдан тўгри шакллантиришда назарий ва амалий гоялари билан ёрдам беради. 8. Психология – шахсда маънавий-ахлокий, рухий-интеллектуал, хиссий-иродавий сифатларни таркиб топтириш учун замин яратади. 9. Тарих – педагогика фани тараккиёти, таълим-тарбия жараёнларининг динамик, диалектик хусусиятларини инобатга олиш, шунингдек, халк педагогикаси гояларини келгуси авлодга узатиш учун йўналтирилади. 10. Маданиятшунослик – ўкувчиларда инсоният томонидан яратилган моддий ва маънавий маданият асослари хакидаги тасаввурни шакллантириш, уларда маданий хулк-атвор хислатларини таркиб топтириш учун хизмат килади. 11. Тиббий фанлар – шахснинг физиологик-анатомик жихатидан тўгри ривожланишини таъминлаш, унинг организмида намоён бўлаётган айрим нуксонларни бартараф этишга амалий ёндашув, шунингдек, нуксонли болаларни ўкитиш хамда тарбиялаш муаммоларини ўрганишда кўмаклашади.
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Parallel kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va dasturlash

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Parallel kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va dasturlash
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Sana | 23.12.2023 | Hajmi | 5,68 Kb. | | #127666 |
Bog'liq Parallel kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va dasturlash-fayllar.org
Parallel kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va dasturlash
Parallel kompyuterlarning arxitekturasi va dasturlash
Mavzu:Unumdorlikni oshirish: Konveyer va supersklayar qayta ishlash
Reja:
Mashina kodi
Mashina kodi yoki kompyuter tili to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kompyuterning markaziy protsessor qurilmasi tomonidan bajariladigan ko'rsatmalar to'plamidir.
Protsessor buyrug’i
Buyruq-bu qanday harakat bajarilishi haqidagi maxsus ikkilik kodli so’zlar birligidir.
Markaziy protsessor (CPU)
Protsessorning ishlashi asosan beshta quyidagi bosqichlardan iborat:
Buyruqni o’qish;
Buyruqni deshifrlash;
Operandlarni o’qish;
Buyruqni bajarish;
Natijani yozish;
Buyruqlar tizimi
Buyruqlar tizimi-bu kompyuter ishlatadigan buyruqlar ro’yxati bo’lib, ular yordamida dasturchi ma’lumotlarga ishlov berishning o’z algoritmini ishlatadi.
Buyruqlar tizimi arxitekturalari:
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)-to’laroq buyruqlar to’plami;
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)-qisqartirilgan buyruqlar to’plami
VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word)-o’ta katta uzunlikdagi buyruqlar
Mikroprotsessor buyruqlar tizimi
Mikroprotsessor 4 ta guruh buyruqlar to’plamini o’z ichiga oladi: – ma’lumotlarni uzatish buyruqlari; – arifmetik buyruqlar; – mantiqiy buyruqlar; – o’tish buyruqlari.
Kompyuterning ish unumdorligi
Ish unumdorligi-bu kompyuterning ishlash tezligi ko’rsatkichidir.
MIPS(Million Instruction Per Second)
FLOPS(Floating Point Operation Per Second)
http://fayllar.org
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Answers
Students’ own answers
4

134 UNIT 11
GRAMMAR
as … as
1
First, ask the students to look
at the photo and say what
the girl, Nicky, is thinking about. Ask them to read what
she says and say if they agree or disagree with her. Then,
ask them to find and, if appropriate,
underline
as … as
in
the speech bubbles. Elicit what word Nicky uses between
as … as
(
an adjective
).
Answers
1 the same 2 different
2
Point out that the students
need to write two sentences
about each pair of things, one using the first adjective
and the other using the second. (Cristiano Ronaldo and
Marcus Rashford are both professional footballers.)
MIXED ABILITY
Encourage stronger students to work at their own pace.
When
they have finished, ask the students to write
some more sentences using
(not) as … as
and the two
advertisements, e.g.
Pizza Palace is as big as Easy Burgers
(there’s space for 30 guests in each),
Pizza Palace isn’t as
healthy as Easy Burgers
. With the weaker students, write
the following on the board
and encourage them to make
(not) as … as
sentences as a class before they write some
sentences for themselves. If necessary, point out that
maths
is a singular noun.
Oranges
healthy/sweet lemons.
Trains
comfortable/slow buses.
Maths
is / are easy/interesting as English.
Cats
(not) as friendly/noisy
dogs.
My
country
hot/big
the UK.
Ronaldo
young/famous
Marcus Rashford.
Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 - bet 17

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Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 17/255 | Sana | 14.06.2024 | Hajmi | 18,95 Mb. | | #263803 |
Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB6
Each team has six players on the court
.
Each team is on a different side of the net.
3
The net is lower than in the
Olympic version. In the Olympic version,
the players stand.
5
23
THE PARALYMPIC GAMES
01
NOW WATCH THE CULTURE VIDEO
LIFE SKILLS
EMOTIONAL SKILLS
BEING A
GOOD FRIEND
1
Read the sentences and answer the
questions.
It is better to have a few good
friends than a lot of friends.
To know how someone else
feels, put yourself in their shoes.
1
What do you think the sentences mean?
2
Do you agree with the sentences? Why? /
Why not?
3
Which sentence do you prefer? Why?
2
Choose two qualities that you think
are important in good friends. In pairs,
compare your ideas.
LIFE SKILLS
Being a good friend
A good friend
• understands your feelings
• says sorry when they are wrong
• understands you and knows when
you have a problem
4
Complete the sentences with highlighted
words from the text.
1
It’s
to be a good friend to have friends.
2
It’s not always easy to make and keep
friends.
3
Maybe your friend is worried about a bad
in an exam.
4
Good friends give
and they tell you the
best thing to do in a difficult situation.
5
It is sometimes important to be
so you
can know yourself.
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BCE
From the 1950s - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB205BCE
From the 1950s
around 2,700 BCE to today
1791–1871
and 1815–1852
Alan Turing
Alan Turing wasn’t well known when he was
alive, but he’s now one of the most famous
scientists of the 20th century. His ideas on
computer science changed the world. He
worked on the first digital computer – it was
called Colossus, weighed 30 tonnes, and
was as big as a large living room.
1940s
90
74
UNIT 12
Computers and the internet
1
Look at the article again and find the words in the
box. Match them to the definitions.
digital download machine memory
save software virus
1
This has moving parts and helps humans to
do work.
2
This is a part of a computer – it holds
information.
3
This is a dangerous computer program.
4
You do this to make sure the computer keeps
your work.
5
This describes cameras, computers and clocks
that record information as 0s or 1s.
6
This means to copy information from the
internet onto your computer.
7
This is all the programs that make a computer do
different things.
2
Match the verbs to the nouns. Then make
sentences.
buy
chat
download
go
play
surf
visit
watch
friends
clothes
games
the internet
music
online
videos
websites
I often chat online with my cousins.
3
Read the survey. Choose three or four questions
and write two more of your own. Walk around the
class asking your questions.
What sort of things do you download from
the internet?
Do you know how to stop a virus from
getting onto your computer?
How much memory has your phone got?
Is it enough?
Do you ever forget to save your work?
How often do you chat to friends online?
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COMPUTER SURVEY - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TBCOMPUTER SURVEY
4
Write some sentences about what you found out.
Everybody downloads music and half the class
downloads games from the internet.
Four people sometimes forget to save their work.
Most people chat to friends online every day.
VOCABULARY
EP
EP
1
Listen to and read the first part of the
conversation and look at Question 0. Which is the
correct answer: A, B or C? Why are the other two
answers wrong?
Ella:
Nice new laptop Andy! When did you get it?
Andy:
Yesterday. My old one broke a month ago,
and last week Dad agreed to buy me this.
0
When did Andy get his new computer?
A
yesterday
B
last week
C
a month ago
2
Listen to the whole conversation. For each
question, choose the correct answer.
1
Andy’s dad bought the computer from
A
a website.
B
a shop.
C
a friend.
2
How much did it cost?
A
£150
B
£250
C
£2,000
3
What does Andy want to buy for the computer?
A
a camera
B
a mouse
C
a printer
4
Andy doesn’t use his computer to
A
do homework.
B
chat to friends.
C
play games.
5
What does Andy like most about the computer?
A
the keyboard
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•
Tell the class what you found out.
PROJECT
An interview

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•
Tell the class what you found out.
PROJECT
An interview Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB•
Tell the class what you found out.
PROJECT
An interview
22
5
Listen to an interview with Martha
Dirksen about a Paralympic sport. What
sport does she do?
Wheelchair
basketball
Wheelchair
tennis
Wheelchair
rugby
6
Listen again and answer the questions.
1
How old is Martha?
2
Where is the court?
3
What does she want to be in one day?
4
What has her sports hero got?
5
Where is David Wagner from?
6
Does Martha play tennis on Tuesdays?
7
Does Martha rest at weekends?
23
23
TALKING POINTS
Which sport do you like best – sitting volleyb
all or
wheelchair rugby. Why?
Sitting Volley ball
WR
You play this sport on an indoor
court. Players are in wheelchairs. They
need a ball. They pass the ball from one
person to another.
1
You play this sport on a court
inside. Players sit on the fl oor. They need
a net and a ball. Teams need to hit the ball
over the net in three turns using their arms.
2
There are 12 players on a team,
but there are only four players on the court
for each team at one time. For a goal, the
team carries the ball over the opposite team’
s
line and two wheels need to cross the line.
4
The indoor court is smaller than in
the game played outside. It is the same size
as a basketball court. The goal lines ar
e at
the far ends of the court.
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Akademik yozuv fanidan mustaqil ish bajardi: Xolmatov Javohir Tekshirdi:­­­­­­­­­­­­

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Akademik yozuv fanidan mustaqil ish bajardi: Xolmatov Javohir Tekshirdi:
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Bog'liq 1-mustaqil ish bajardi Oqmardiyev S. Tekshirdi Xo`jayev A
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI RAQAMLI TEXNALOGIYALAR VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI
TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI QARSHI FILIALI
Akademik yozuv fanidan
MUSTAQIL ISH
Bajardi: Xolmatov Javohir
Tekshirdi:_________________________________
Mavzu: Mavzu bo'yicha rasmiy axborot tayyorlash.
Reja:
1. Mavzu bo'yicha rasmiy axborot tayyorlash.
2. Mavzuga ijodiy yondashuv.
3. Axborot tizimi tushunchasi.
Mavzu bo'yicha rasmiy axborot tayyorlash.
Har qanday reklama axborot matnini tinglovchiga yetkazish uchun xizmat qiluvchi vosita sanaladi. Demak, reklamaning birlamchi va asosiy elementi bu tildir. Reklamalar matni ko`cha tilining boshqa turlari (peshlavha, shior, afishalar) matnlariga nisbatan o`ziga xos bir qator xususiyatlarga ega. Quyida ana shunday matnlar haqida so`z yuritamiz.
Ma`lumki, har qanday matndan anglashilayotgan fikrlar undagi til birliklari orqali ifodalanadi. Matnning o`ziga xos xususiyati undagi til birliklarining o`zaro bog`liqligi, mosligi va yaxlitligidir. Semiotikada matn tushunchasi ostida kommunikatsiyaning har qanday shakli, ya`ni ma`no anglashishi tushuniladi. Matnni to`g`ri qabul qilishni ta`minlovchi vosita faqat til birliklari va ularning o`zaro birikuvi emas, uni tushunish va kommunikativ fon hamdir.
Ko`cha reklama matnlari tuzilishiga ko’ra alohida ahamiyatga ega. Ularda aks etuvchi yozuvlar, rasmlar, shartli belgilar, simvollar reklama matni semantikasiga bog`liq bo`ladi.
Axborot turlari va xususiyatlari mavzusida reklama matnlarini yaratish. Eng avvalo axborotning xususiyatlariga to’xtalishimiz kerak. Biz yaratayotgan reklama dominant so’zning ijobiy bo’yoqli variant orqali jozibaliroq ko’rinadi va eshitiladi. Axborot qaynoq , yangi, tesha tegmagan va hokozo sifatlar bilan tasvirlash mumkin.
Matn ma’lum fikrlar yig’indisi va nashrdan chiqqan asar. Bu haqida ko’p ma’lumotlar bilamiz. Matn avvalo 2 yoki undan ortiq gaplardan iborat bo’lishi kerak. Hozirgi zamon tilshunosligida matn komponentlari tasnifi masalasi ham ancha murakkabdir, chunki mustaqil so‘zdan boshlab, gap, murakkab sintaktik qurilmalar, abzats, bob kabilarning barchasi matn komponentlari jumlasiga kiradi va ular matn tarkibida pog‘onali (ierarxik) munosabatga kirishadi. Quyida ana shulardan ba’zilariga to‘xtab o‘tamiz.Gaplarni haqiqiy g’ishlarga qiyoslash mumkin. G’ishlar imorat qurayotganimizda eng asosiy ingrident , g’ishtlarni bir birining ustiga qo’yib chiqqanimiz bilan u uy bo’lib qolmaydi. Ularni bir biri bilan jipslashtiradigan narsa bu loy. Bizning matnimizda esa gaplarni ma’no birlashtiradi. Demak matnni hosil qilishda asosiy vosita ma’no ekan.
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Do you know the names of any early

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Do you know the names of any early Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB1
Do you know the names of any early
computers? Read the article once and
check your ideas.
2
Complete the sentences with one or two
words from the article.
1
Some children use an abacus to learn
how to do
.
2
Charles Babbage’s computer had
several different
.
3
The first person to program a computer
was
.
4
Colossus was as big as a
.
5
Modern
are small but can do
more than the biggest computers of
the past.
TALKING POINTS
Computers can now do a lot of clever
things. But are they more intelligent
than us? Why / Why not?
READING
The history
OF COMPUTERS
Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace
The modern computer was Charles Babbage’s idea. The
machine he wanted to build, called a ‘difference engine’,
was special because it had all the parts that a modern
computer has. It could save information and was also
a kind of printer. Ada Lovelace was the first computer
programmer. She had the idea for ‘software’ – a way of
telling a computer to do different things.
The abacus
People still use abacuses today in many parts of
the world, especially to teach maths to children. Of
course, they are very different from modern computers,
but the idea is the same – to answer difficult maths
questions much more quickly than a human can.
Modern computers
From the 1950s, computers got smaller,
faster and cheaper. Today, the smallest
mobile phones have more memory than the
biggest early computers. And computers are
getting better all the time. However, they
are not perfect. One of the worst problems
is computer viruses. You can lose a lot of
information when one gets on your machine.
Be careful about what you download from
the internet.
The Antikythera Mechanism
In 1900, a group of people diving near
the Greek island of Antikythera found this
machine on the sea floor. For many years, no
one understood what it was or how it worked.
Scientists now say it was used to find out the
positions of the sun, moon and stars. Many
people call it the world’s earliest ‘computer’.
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150 - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB149
150
my two cousins, Jana and Karolina. They’re both
slim and pretty and have fair hair. Jana plays the
piano really well, and Karolina is good at tennis. She
wins easily every time we play!
My mother’s name is Liz. She’s tall and she’s got
blonde hair. Her sister, Helen, is married to Phil and
they have two small children – a son called Rory
and a daughter called Jessie. They’re very sweet
but very noisy! My granny is called Sue and she
grew up in South Africa. That’s where she met my
grandpa, Tony. They were both very good-looking
when they were young. They’ve both got grey hair
now, but Granny’s was fair when she was young and
Grandpa’s was dark.
Granny often tells me stories about her mother – my
great-grandmother. She was called Iris, and she
was born in 1910 on a small farm in South Africa.
She was very musical and loved singing. Her family
worked hard and sent her to England to study
music. She got married and her husband was called
Frank. She became a singer and sang in some of the
most famous theatres in London. She had dark hair
and she was very beautiful. Granny has a big box of
old photographs of Iris. I love looking at them, but
I have to hold them carefully because they’re very
old. Granny’s trying to find out about Iris’s parents
and grandparents now. I’m sure there are lots more
interesting stories in my family history.
Unit 20, Student’s Book page 119
Sammy:
There are seven of us living in my family home.
There’s me, my mum and dad, my brother
Arvinder, his wife and baby, Ashia, and my
sister, Deepa. She’s going to get married soon. I
like living with so many people. There’s always
something happening and someone to talk to.
Ashia, my baby niece, likes it too. She never gets
bored or unhappy, because there are so many
people to play with her.
Sally:
I live with my parents in a three-bedroom house.
I’m the only child in my family – I haven’t got any
brothers or sisters, but my grandfather lives with
us. He’s 78, and he’s got lots of interesting stories
to tell. I’ve got four cousins and I love seeing
them too. They’re a bit older than me, but I don’t
see them very often because they live quite far
away.
Harry:
I live with my mum and my two brothers. We live
in a flat and I share a bedroom with my brother.
My grandma, aunt and uncle live on our street
as well, and we all spend a lot of time together.
I’m really close to all my cousins. My dad and
his second wife live 50 kilometres away, but my
brothers and I also spend time with them.
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Amber - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TBJohn:
I’m doing my French homework.
Amber:
What do you need to do?
John:
I need to write a paragraph about my favourite TV
programme.
Amber:
That sounds easy. What’s the problem?
John:
Easy? You know I love watching different
programmes on TV.
Amber:
Yes, I do. So?
John:
So, I can’t decide!
Amber:
Ah, I see. What are your choices?
John:
Well, I can write about
Britain’s Got Talent
.
Amber:
That’s a good idea.
John:
Yeah, but I don’t know enough words in French to
describe all the things they do on the programme.
134
136
Ben:
But then I couldn’t believe it when Kris won!
Her song wasn’t anything special and she
wasn’t a brilliant singer. But I suppose she
looked good on stage– she had fantastic
clothes.
Evie:
You’re right. I was really surprised too. But for
me she wasn’t the best.
Ben:
No, I agree. Well at least AJ was the runner-
up.
Evie
:
And Jason came third. But I don’t think the
best singer won.
Ben’s Mum:
Ben … Ben!
Ben:
Oh, sorry Evie. Got to go. Mum’s calling me.
Evie:
OK. Speak later. Bye.
Ben:
Bye.
Unit 18, Student’s Book page 107
Oliver:
Hey, Aboudi. You’re late!
Aboudi:
Sorry, guys. I was reading and I didn’t notice the
time.
Serena:
OK … we’ve only got a few minutes to think
about the school magazine. There’s a meeting
about it at four o’clock.
Oliver:
Why don’t we write down some ideas now?
Aboudi:
OK. Let’s include music. We can write an article
about the best new albums.
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142 - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

279
STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
Life skills:
Being a good friend, Student’s Book page 121
Martha:
Time to go home. What’s up, Karl? You look
upset.
Karl:
I feel sad today. Alex and I had a big argument
and now we’re not talking. I don’t know what to
do.
Martha:
Alex
is a very good friend of yours, isn’t he?
He always helps you study for your exams and
you share interests. Why don’t you send him a
message?
Karl:
I sent him a text message
immediately after the
argument, but there’s no reply from him yet.
What should I do?
Martha:
You should be patient. Good friends help each
other when times get difficult, like you and Alex.
Karl:
OK, you’re right. Do you think I should call him?
Martha:
I think it’s a good idea to wait.
Give him time to
think. You shouldn’t worry.
Karl:
Alex and I have fun together and our friendship
makes me happy. When do you think I should
contact him again?
Martha:
I think you
should wait until tomorrow
.
Relax –
this is not the end of the world!
Karl:
OK, OK. Thanks for listening, Martha.
Martha:
No problem Karl.
Karl:
It’s Alex!
Martha:
That’s great news! I have to get home to study,
but good luck with Alex.
Karl:
Thanks, Martha! See you tomorrow. Bye! Hey
Alex! I’m so happy to hear your voice …
Review 5: Units 17-20, Student’s Book page 123
Owen:
Hi. My name’s Owen. Here’s
a picture of my
family. We were all together in my house for my
grandma’s 70th birthday party. You can see her
here at the front with some flowers. Her name’s
Nora. My grandpa’s standing next to her. His
name’s Colin. My grandma and grandpa have three
children. The oldest is my mum. She’s called Abby.
She’s the one in the blue dress. Then there’s my
aunt – her name’s Lily. She’s talking to my mum.
And the youngest is my uncle. He’s called Rob. He’s
got
short dark hair, and he’s wearing jeans and a
T-shirt. The other man in the picture is my Dad.
He’s a bit older than Rob. His name’s Liam. I’ve got
three cousins. Grace is the youngest. She’s Aunt
Lily’s daughter and she’s only one. My other two
cousins are boys. They’re Rob’s sons.
Max is seven
years old – he’s really interested in football! And
Ryan is five years old. He loves playing with his
cars. He’s under the table playing with them!
Unit 19, Student’s Book page 113
Leo

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Unit 19, Student’s Book page 113
Leo Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB138
Unit 19, Student’s Book page 113
Leo:
Do I have to get up early every day?
Teacher:
Yes, of course.
Leo:
Do I have to go sailing?
Teacher:
No, you don’t have to. But try it. It’s fun.
Leo:
Do I have to go swimming?
Teacher:
Yes. Everybody has to do that.
Leo:
Do I have to go to the disco?
Teacher:
No, you don’t. You can stay in your room instead
if you want to.
Leo:
Can I bring my phone with me?
Teacher:
No, you can’t. You have to leave your phone at
home.
Leo:
Do I have to share a bedroom?
Teacher:
Yes, you do. There are six people in each room.
Leo:
And do I have to help with the cleaning?
Teacher:
Yes. You have to help clean the kitchen and the
dining room.
Leo:
And do I have to do any school work?
Teacher:
No, of course you don’t have to do any school
work! But you can if you want to.
Unit 19, Student’s Book page 115
Maya:
Hello, and welcome to my school. It’s called
Hartland School and it has about 600 students.
Let me show you where I sleep first. I share this
room with three other girls. We have to keep it
really tidy, but we can put posters and photos of
our family on the walls, so it feels a bit like home.
This is the library where we do our homework. We
have to do homework here every night between
six and eight o’clock. We have to work really hard
at this school. We even have lessons on Saturday
mornings. There are tests and exams all the time!
But we have fun too.
This is our games room. It’s the best place in the
school! We can’t use it during the day, but we can
come here at weekends and in the evenings to
watch TV or play on the computer.
And here’s the dining room. Breakfast is at eight
o’clock and lunch is at one o’clock. We have to
arrive on time, or we don’t get any food! And we
have to help with the cleaning after meals. Some of
us clean the floors and others take the dishes to the
kitchen.
And now, if we go outside, this is the sports field.
This term we’re doing hockey, and next term we’re
going to do tennis. Some people hate sport, but
everyone has to do it. Well, that’s my school – hope
you like it.
Unit 20, Student’s Book page 116
Kate:
My name’s Kate and this is my family tree. My
mother’s English and my father’s Polish. His name’s
Wiktor and all his family live in Poland, so I go there
quite often. I know a bit of Polish but when people
speak fast, I can’t understand them! I stay with my
grandparents, my Uncle Marek, his wife Kasia and
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Shaxs kreativligini ifodalovchi xususiyatlar. Bulajak o‘qituvchilarda pedagogik kreativlikni shakllantirish

36. Shaxs kreativligini ifodalovchi xususiyatlar. Bulajak o‘qituvchilarda pedagogik kreativlikni shakllantirish. o’quvchi bolalarni kreativ fikrlashga o’rgatish, ularda kreativ tafakkurni shakllantira olish uchun avvalo tarbiyachining o’zi kreativ, ijodkor shaxs bo’lishi zarur.
Bordi-yu, uning o’zi kreativlik sifatlariga ega bo’lmasa, u holda qanday qilib, talaba (o’quvchi ) bolalarni kreativ fikrlashga ragbatlantira oladi. Tarbiyachining ijodkor va kreativ bo’lishi yoki bo’lmasligi emas,
balki Darslarni ijodkorlik, kreativlik ruhida tashkil etishi, yangi goyalarni Ta’lim jarayonida sinab ko’rishga intilishi zarur. Darslarda tarbiyachi “kreativlik yo’l xaritasi” ga ko’ra quyidagi 4 ta yo’nalish bo’yicha harakatlanadi va ulardagi harakatlar pedagoglarning kreativligini ifodalovchi belgilar (Patti Drepreau) sanaladi : Ijodiy fikrlash ko’nikmalarini
namoyon etish; Talaba (o’quvchi ) bolalarni o’quv fanlarini qiziqish bilan o’zlashtirishga rag`batlantiruvchi strategiyalardan foydalana olish; Innovatsion yondashuv va pedagogik masalalarning echimini
topishga kreativ yondashish; Kutiladigan natija Pedagogning kreativlik potensiali ko’p darajali jarayon va u quyidagi tamoyillarga tayanadi . Pedagog kreativlik potensialining ustuvor tamoyillari Kreativlikning yorqin namoyon bo’lishi 2.Shaxsning individual xususiyatlari va hayotiy faoliyatda 3.Individuallikka erishish 4.Birbutunlik, izchillik, tizimlilik 5.Imkoniyatlarni oshirib boorish 6.Ijodiy yo’naltirilganlik 7. Muammoli xarakterga egalik Chiqariladigan yagona xulosa quyidagicha: tarbiyachining o’zi kreativ, ijodkor bo’lsagina, talaba (o’quvchi ) bolalar ham shunday bo’laoladi. Psixologiyada P.Torrens tomonidan shaxs kreativligini aniqlovchi test ishlab chiqilgan. P.Torrensning
fikricha, shaxs kreativligi o‘zida quyidagi belgilarni namoyon qiladi: savollar, kamchiliklarga yoki bir-biriga zid ma’lumotlarga e’tiborsiz bo‘lmaslik; muammolarni
aniqlash uchun harakat qilish, ilgari surilgan taxminlar asosida ularning yechimini topishga intilish. O‘qituvchining kreativligi uning ijodiy faoliyatida paydo bo‘ladi va rivojlanadi. Kreativlik o‘qituvchining ijodiy faoliyatida ijodiy intilishi,
ijodiy qobiliyati, kreativ maqsadi, yo‘nalishi va o‘zini boshqara olishida ko‘rinadi va uni o‘zining
faolligi, o‘zini-o‘zi boshqara olishi bilan yetuk rivojlanayotgan, o‘sayotgan shaxsga aylanayotganini bildiradi.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni tuzilishi va mazmunini yoritib bering

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O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni tuzilishi va mazmunini yoritib bering
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bet | 2/22 | Sana | 04.01.2024 | Hajmi | 69,71 Kb. | | #130234 |
Bog'liq pedagogika javoblar2. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni tuzilishi va mazmunini yoritib bering
Ўзбекистон Республикаси сиёсий мустақилликни қўлга киритгач, ижтимоий ҳаётимизнинг барча соҳаларида туб ислоҳатлар амалга оширила бошлади. Бу борадаги саъи-ҳаракатларнинг самараси сифатида 1992 йил 2- июль ойида Мустақил Ўзбекистоннинг илк “ Таълим тўғрисида”ги қонуни қабул қилинди va u 7 b’lim iborat 44 modddadan iborat edi Мазкур қонун мазмунида Республика таълими тизими, унинг асосий йўналишлари, мақсад, вазифалар, таълим босқичлари ва уларнинг моҳияти каби масалалар ўз ифодасини топди.
Умумхалқ муҳокамасидан ўтказилган “Кадрлар тайёрлаш Миллий дастури” ва “Таълим тўғрисида”ги Қонуни Ўзбекистон Республикаси Олий мажлисининг 1997 йил 29 августдаги IX сессиясида қабул қилинди. O’zbekiston respublikasining ta’lim to’g’risidagi qonuni ikkinchi qonuni 1997 yil 29 avgust kuni qabul qiligan. Mazkur qonun 5 bo’lim 34 moddadan iborat bo’lgan Вақт ўтиши билан мазкур қонунга ўзгартириш киритиш мақсадга мувофиқ деб ҳисобланиб, амалдаги “Таълим тўғрисида”ги Қонун 2020 йил 23 сентябрь куни қабул қилинди. У 11-боб 75 моддадан иборат
3. Umumiy pedagogikaning predmeti va tuzilishi. "Педагогика " атамаси "Пайне" - "бола" ва "агогейн" - "етакламок" деган маънони билдирувчи лотинча "пайдагогос" сўзларидан пайдо бўлиши куйидагича изохланади. Эрамиздан олдинги III-IV -асрларда кадимги грецияда, кулдорнинг боласини овкатлантирадиган, сайрга олиб борувчи, табиат кўйнида ўйнатувчи тарбиячи кулларни "педагог" деб аталган. У боланинг камолотга етишишига масъул бўлган. Кулдорнинг боласини мактабга етаклаб олиб борган ва олиб келган.Мактабда ишловчи ўкитувчиларни "дидаскаллар" (дидайко-мен ўкитаман) дейишган. Феодализм жамиятига келиб эса хар икки касбдаги кишилар хамкорлиги натижасида таълим тарбия билан махсус шугулланувчилар вужудга келган.Уларни чех педагоги Я.А.Коменский таъкидлаганидек, "Педагог"деб номланганлар.Ва бу суз хозир хам таълим тарбия берувчи ўкитувчиларга нисбатан кўлланилади Педагогика фанининг объекти асосан мактаб ўкувчиларидир, предмети эса ўкувчиларга берилаётган таълим тарбия назарияси ва амалиётидир. Педагогика фанининг вазифалари. Педагогика фани шахсни шакллантиришдек ижтимоий буюртмани бажариш асосида жамият тараккиётини таъминлашга алохида хисса кўшади. Педагогика фани максади ва вазифаларининг белгиланишида ижтимоий муносабатлар мазмуни, давлат ва жамият курилиши, унинг хаётида етакчи ўрин тутувчи гоялар мохиятини мухим ахамиятга эга.
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THE PARENT/GUARDIAN - Policy and purpose

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Policy and purpose
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bet | 7/7 | Sana | 21.07.2021 | Hajmi | 36,17 Kb. | | #15430 |
THE PARENT/GUARDIAN
I am the parent/guardian of the above named student. I have read the Providence School Department’s “Internet Acceptable Use Policy” and I understand and agree to all of the provisions, rules, and regulations delineated within. I hereby give permission for my child to use the internet service provided by the Providence School Department. I do understand that my child is required to follow this policy. I further understand that there is a potential for my son/daughter to access information on the internet that is inappropriate for students and that every reasonable effort will be made on the part of the faculty and staff of the Providence School Department to restrict access to such information, but that my son/daughter is ultimately responsible for restricting himself/herself from inappropriate information.
_______________________ ____________________ ________________________
Print Parent’s Name Parent’s Signature Date Signed
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ACCEPTABLE USE OF THE INTERNET

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ACCEPTABLE USE OF THE INTERNET
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bet | 2/7 | Sana | 21.07.2021 | Hajmi | 36,17 Kb. | | #15430 |
ACCEPTABLE USE OF THE INTERNET
Acceptable use of computers and related devices, networks, and internet access is any use, which is consistent with the educational objectives of the Providence School Department. The internet offers a wealth of information, the opportunity for the exchange of ideas and information, and the possibility of collaborative work.
All communications should be polite with appropriate language use. Use of computers, networks, network equipment and internet access is a privilege for staff and students and not a right. We expect staff and students to use these tools in a responsible manner for educational purposes and to be considerate of all other users.
Student personal information (including, but not limited to; names, phone numbers, addresses, etc.) will not be entered, transmitted, or posted over the internet for public use without prior written authorization by school administration.
Students will never agree to meet someone they have met on-line without parental written approval. Parents who agree to such a meeting are responsible for arranging appropriate supervision. Staff and students will not use the network or the internet in such a way as to disrupt access by others (such as downloading huge files, sending mass email messages, or annoying/harassing other users). Respect the privacy of other users – all communications and information is the property of the Providence School Department.
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VIOLATON OF POLICY - Policy and purpose

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Policy and purpose
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bet | 5/7 | Sana | 21.07.2021 | Hajmi | 36,17 Kb. | | #15430 |
VIOLATON OF POLICY
General school rules and policies apply to all school computer use, internet activity and communication.
If a user is found to be in violation of any of the statement detailed in the above mentioned policy, all network and internet rights and privileges will be suspended until an investigation is conducted.
Upon completion of the investigation a decision will be given by the Building Administrator(s) to revoke or reinstate the computer user’s privileges. Such violations may also result in further disciplinary measures or legal actions.
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O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Raqamli texnalogiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti - bet 2

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O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Raqamli texnalogiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
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bet | 2/8 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 165,61 Kb. | | #135671 |
Bog'liq aP1 vFFKbYZ M3ZPmn-IXdgvIuY E3zE Ushbu serverlarning barchasi xabarning to'liq matniga kirish huquqiga ega ekanligi aniq. Bu shuni anglatadiki, ushbu serverlarga kirish huquqiga ega bo'lganlarning hammasi ushbu serverlar orqali yuborilgan barcha pochta xabarlariga kirish huquqiga ega. Xabar shuningdek, ushbu serverlar orasidagi Internet ulanishlari orqali uzatiladi. Ushbu ulanishlarni urish elektron pochta xabarlariga kirishga imkon beradi. Shunday qilib, pochta tashishda ko'plab zaif aloqalar mavjud. Eng zaif tomoni, ehtimol qabul qiluvchining pochta qutisi boshqariladigan server, ko'pincha POP3 yoki IMAP-server. Axir, ushbu elektron pochta xabari uzoq vaqt davomida saqlanishi kerak. Boshqa serverlar xabarni atigi bir necha soniya yoki daqiqada ushlab turadilar, bu esa ma'lum bir xabarni ushlashni qiyinlashtiradi. Shuning uchun serverni pochta qutisi bilan buzish va shu sababli xabarlarni olish juda jozibali (ammo jazolanadi). Ushbu muammoni hal qilish uchun shifrlashdan foydalanish mumkin. Bu xabar tarkibini tasodifiy ko'rinadigan belgilar qatoriga aylantiradi. To'g'ri kalitga ega bo'lgan qabul qiluvchining o'zi ushbu ixtiyoriy ketma-ketlikni asl tarkibiga qaytarishi mumkin. Bu boshqalarning xabarni o'qishiga to'sqinlik qiladi. Bu bilan bog'liq kichik muammo, jo'natuvchi va qabul qiluvchining qaysi tugmachalardan foydalanishi to'g'risida kelishib olishlari. Endi buning echimi ham mavjud: ochiq kalitli kriptografiya deb nomlangan usul yordamida xavfsiz usulda kalit tanlash mumkin bo'ladi. Bu orada pochta qidiruvchisi pochtani shifrlay oladigan mavjud. Bundan tashqari, elektron pochta dasturlari bilan integratsiyalash uchun paketlar mavjud. Ba'zi elektron pochta dasturlari ham o'ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega shifrlash imkoniyatlari transport vosita ichida. Bu shifrlangan xabarlarni yuborishni yanada osonlashtiradi. Webmail Hotmail yoki Yahoo! kabi veb-pochta provayderlarida alohida holat yuzaga keladi. pochta. Kompyuterda elektron pochta dasturini o'rnatish shart emas, lekin veb-brauzer yordamida xatlarni o'qish mumkin. O'zingizning pochta qutingizdan elektron pochtangizga masofadan turib kirish imkoniyatini yaratadigan veb-saytlar ham mavjud. Shaxsiy pochtasini ish joyidan tezda tekshirishni istaganlar uchun qulay.
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Aloqalar
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O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Raqamli texnalogiyalar vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti
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