nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Transformatorning Asosi - Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan...

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Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan chiqish hodisasi elektronlar emissiyasi
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bet | 4/7 | Sana | 01.12.2023 | Hajmi | 3,47 Mb. | | #109225 |
Bog'liq fizikaTransformatorning Asosi: Transformator, elektr energiyasini bir voltajdan boshqasiga o'tkazadigan elektr qurilma bo'lib, elektr tarmoqda energiya o'tkazish va yo'qlashni boshqarishda keng qo'llaniladi.
O'tkazish Prinsipi: Transformatorning asosiy prinsipi, elektromagnit o'qituvchilar (coil yoki avlodlar) orqali magnit maydon yaratish va bu maydonni o'zgartirish orqali voltajni o'zgartirishdir. Faradayning elektromagnit induksiyasi qonuni asosida, bir avlodning o'zgaruvchan magnit fluxi (elektr energiyasini generatsiyalovchi o'qituvchi) boshqa avlodga uzatilib, boshqa avlodni energiya o'tkazish usullari orqali o'zgartirish mumkin.
Primar va Sekondar O'qituvchilar: Transformator avlodlari bo'lishi mumkin: primar (kiruvchi) va sekondar (chiqimchi). Kiruvchi o'qituvchida (primar avlodda) voltaj o'zgartiriladi va o'tkaziladi, keyin esa chiqimchi o'qituvchida (sekondar avlodda) bu o'zgaruvchan voltajdan foydalaniladi.
O'zaro Bog'lovchilar: Transformatorning o'zaro bog'lovchilari, primar va sekondar o'qituvchilar orasidagi bo'g'lovchilar bo'lib, ular maydonning bir avloddan boshqasiga energiyani o'tkazishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.
Efektivlik: Transformatorning efektivlik darajasini ko'rsatuvchi bir qisqa formulasi mavjud: ����������=Chiqimchi energiyaKiruvchi energiya×100Efektivlik=Kiruvchi energiyaChiqimchi energiya×100. Yaxshi transformatorlar esa yuqori efektivlik darajasiga ega bo'ladi.
O'lchash birikmalar (Losses): Transformator ishlab chiqarilish va ishlatilish jarayonida, o'lchash birikmalar yuzaga keladi. Ular ikki turdirlar: kuperlik qator va yadrolik qator o'lchash birikmalari. Kuperlik qator o'lchash birikmalari elektr energiyasini maydon yuqori harorat va korroziya oqibatlari ko'rsatmagan hisobida o'tkazadi, yadrolik qator o'lchash birikmalari esa maydon yadroining materialining kayfiyatiga bog'liq.
Autotransformatorlar: Autotransformatorlar, ikki avlodning (primar va sekondar) bir qismi bo'lgan o'qituvchilardir. Ular avlodlari orasidagi bog'lovchilar o'zaro yirikligiga bog'liq bo'lib, bu transformatorlarni o'chqan yirikligi va o'tkazilayotgan energiya tizimi orasidagi foyda-turihsizliktir.
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Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan chiqish hodisasi elektronlar emissiyasi
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Buyruq protsessori - Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi...

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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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bet | 4/7 | Sana | 22.01.2024 | Hajmi | 102,25 Kb. | | #143451 |
Bog'liq 1- amaliy mashg’ulotBuyruq protsessori funksiyalari quyidagilardan iborat:
-Klaviatura va buyruq faylidan kiritilgan buyruqni qabul va sintaktik analiz qilish;
-OS ichki buyruqlarini bajarish;
-OS tashqi buyruq (dastur) va foydalanuvchining amaliy dasturlarini yuklash va bajarish;
Buyruq protsessori tashabbusi bilan bajariladigan buyruqlar ichki buyruqlar deyiladi. Foydalanuvchining tashabbusi bilan bajariladigan buyruqlar esa tashqi buyruqlarni tashkil qiladi. Tashqi buyruqlarni bajarish uchun buyruq protsessori diskdan mos ismli buyruqni qidiradi, agar uni topa olsa, u holda uni xotiraga yuklaydi va unga boshqaruvni beradi. Buyruqlarni bunday usulda taqsimlanishi operativ xotira bandligini kamaytiradi va kompyuter unumdorligini oshiradi.
Kiritish va chiqarish standart qurilmalari. Odatda berilganlarni kiritish uchun klaviaturadan foydalaniladi. Ma’lum amallar ketma-ketligi bajarilgandan so’ng ma’lumotlar majmuasi monitorga chiqariladi. Shu sababli klaviatura kiritish standart qurilmasi, monitor esa chiqarish standart qurilmasi deb hisoblanadi.
Filtr - tizimli dastur yoki buyruq bo’lib, berilganlarni kiritish qurilmasidan o’qib tartiblaydi va dastur yoki buyruqda aniqlangan qurilmalarga yo’naltiradi.
Virtual xotirani boshqarish. OS tarkibiga virtual (fariziy) xotiraga ishlov beruvchi dastur kiritiladi. Virtual xotira - bu taxmin (tasavvur) qilinadigan xotira. Virtual xotira hajmi real fizik xotira hajmidan ko’p bo’ladi. Bunday usulni tanlab olish sabablari birinchidan xotiraning har bir manzilni tanlash bo’lsa, ikkinchidan real operativ xotiraning tan narxi bir muncha qimmatligidandir. Shuni eslatib o’tish kerakki, albatta protsessor virtual xotiraga ishlov berishda real fizik xotiraga ishlov berishga nisbatan ko’proq vaqt sarflaydi. Virtual xotira varaqma-varaq tashkil qilinadi. Har bir varaqda aniqlangan xotiraning ma’lumot birligi uchun o’z manzili mavjud bo’ladi. Bu manzillar ketma-ketligi ularning ko’rinishi va yozilishi har bir varaq uchun bir xil bo’ladi.
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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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-TOPSHIRIQ - Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan...

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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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bet | 3/7 | Sana | 22.01.2024 | Hajmi | 102,25 Kb. | | #143451 |
Bog'liq 1- amaliy mashg’ulot4-TOPSHIRIQ.
1.Ma’lumotlar bazasi – bu o’zaro bog’langan va tartiblangan ma’lumotlar majmuasi bo’lib u ko’rilayotgan obyektlarni xususiyatini , holatini va obyektlar o’rtasidagi munosabatni ma’lum sohada tavsiflaydi.
2.Ma’lumotlar bazasi modellari quyidagi turlarga bo’linadi:
- Daraxtsimon (iyerarxik) yoki pog’onali modellar
- Tarmoqli modellar
- Relyatsion modellar
- O’byektga yo’naltirilgan relyatsion.
3.Relyatsion modellarda esa obyektlar va ularning ozaro aloqalari ikki olchovli jadval korinishida tasvirlanadi.Ma’lumotlarning bunday korinishida tasvirlanishi obyektlarni o’zaro aloqalarini yaqqol tasvirlanishig asos bo’ladi.Bunda tegishli ma’lumotlar jadvalning ustun va qatorlarida joylashadi.Ustunla ma’lumotning maydonlarini ,qatorlar esa yozuvlarni ifodalaydi.Bir ustunda ma’lum sohaga tegishli bo’lgan bir qancha ma’lumtlar joylashadi.Qatorda esa ustunlarda joylashgan ma’lumotlar ko’rsatildi.
4.Ma’lumotlar bazasi maydoni – bu ma’lumotlarni mantiqiy tashkil etishni elementar birligi bolib, u axborotni eng kichik va bo’linmas birligi bo’lgan rekvizitga mos keladi.
5.Ma’lumotlar bazasi yozuvi - -bu mantiqiy bog’langan maydonlar to’plami .yozuv tuzilishi uchun uning tarkibiga kiruvchi maydonlar tarkibi va joylashuvi ketma ketligi bilan aniqlanib ,ularning har biri ichida elementar yozuvlarning nusxasi deb ataladi.
6. Ma’lumki,MBBT dasturiy va til vositalarining toplamidan iborat bolib, ular yordamida MBni hosil qilish , yuritish, tahrirlash va boshqa vazifalarni bajarish mumkin . Bunday tizim yordamida operatsiya tizimining ma’lumotlarini boshqarish bo’yicha imkoniyatlari kengayadi.
7.MBBTning vazifalarini 3 guruhga ajratish mumkin
o’zgartirish’ qaya hosil -Fayllarni boshqarish ya’ni faylni ochish nusha olish,nomini qilish ‘ tiklash ‘ hisobot olish ‘ bekitish va boshqalar
-yozuv maydonini boshqarish
8.Taymer – komyuterga ornatilgan electron soat ;haqiqiy vaqt va vaqt oralig’ini ko’rsatadi,berilgan vaqt oralig’idan so’ng mashinani avtomatik ishga tushiradi ,yohud uni ishga tushirish uchun signal beriladi.
9.Iyerarxik modelda ikki yarusdagi elementar bog’langan bo’lsa ,unday ma’lumotlar tarmoqli modelda ifodalangan deyladi.Tarmoqli modellardagi kabi yozuvlar ko’rinishida tasvirlanadi.Obyektlarning o’zaro aloqalari yozuvlar ortasidagi aloqalar sifatida tavsiflanadi.
10.Malumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimi – bu ko’plab foydalanuvchilar tomonidan MB ni yaratish , unga qo’shimcha ma’lumotlarni kiritish va MB ni birgalikda ishlatish uchun zarur bo’lgan dasturlar majmuidir.
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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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Fayl atributlari - Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi...

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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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bet | 6/7 | Sana | 22.01.2024 | Hajmi | 102,25 Kb. | | #143451 |
Bog'liq 1- amaliy mashg’ulotFayl atributlari deb, katalogda belgilab borilayotgan fayl nomi, turi, yozilgan sanasi va vaqtiga aytiladi. Fayl nomi, uning hajmi, oxirgi marta yozilish sanasi va vaqti, atributlari haqidagi ma’lumotlarni saqlovchi diskdagi maxsus joyga katalog deb aytiladi. Katalog ham fayl singari nomlanadi. Ammo, kengaytmasi ishlatilmaydi. Har bir diskda bir nechta katalog bo’lishi mumkin. Katalog ichida yana katalog joylashgan bo’lsa, u holda biri ikkinchisiga nisbatan ichki yoki tashqi katalog sifatida nomlanadi. Ixtiyoriy diskda bosh yoki tub katalog bo’lib unda boshqa barcha fayl va kataloglar bosqichma-bosqich joylashgan bo’ladi.
Joriy disk/katalog deb ayni shu vaqtda ishlanayotgan disk/katalogga aytiladi. Berilayotgan ixtiyoriy DOS buyruqlari (Faylni hosil qilish, o’chirish, izlash kabilar) aynan shu joriy disk/katalogda amalga oshiriladi. Joriy bo’lmagan disk/ katalogdagi fayl ustida ish olib borish uchun uning joylashgan joyi, ya’ni faylning to’liq nomi ko’rsatilishi lozim. Ba’zi bir hollarda, jumladan, kompyuter osilib qolganda, ya’ni klaviaturaning ixtiyoriy klavishi bosilganda ham, shaxsiy kompyuter «chiyillagan» tovush chiqarishdan nariga o’tmasa, OS qaytadan yuklanadi. Bu esa ctrl, alt va del klavishlarini birdaniga bosish yo’li bilan amalga oshiriladi.
Faylning to’liq nomi deb, faylning ushbu [Disk nomi:][ /Katalog nomi /] Fayl nomi ko’rinishiga aytiladi. Demak, faylning to’liq nomi -disk nomi, fayl joylashgan kataloggacha bo’lgan yo’l, ya’ni ichma –ich joylashgan kataloglar nomi va fayl nomidan tashkil topar ekan. Masalan:
C: /pr2.txt -C: diskning joriy katalogidagi pr2.txt faylini;
User/pr1.txt -joriy katalogning User katalogidagi pr1.txt faylini bildiradi.
Ba’zan, bitta buyruq yordamida biror bir umumiylik belgisi bilan bir xil bo’lgan barcha fayllar ustida ish olib borishga to’g’ri keladi. Masalan, faqat .txt kengaytmali fayllarni yoki ma’lum bir harf bilan boshlanuvchi ixtiyoriy kengaytmali fayllarni yoki joriy katalogdagi barcha fayllarni ajratib bosmaga chiqarish, nusxa olish va o’chirish kabi amallar. Mana shunday hollarda niqob belgilari deb aytiluvchi * va ? belgilaridan foydalaniladi. Bunda, “*” belgisi fayl nomi yoki kengaytmasidagi ixtiyoriy belgilar sonini, “?” belgisi esa faqatgina bitta belgini ifodalaydi. Masalan:
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Amaliy mashg’ulot: Mavzu: Ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimini tanlash. Tizim interfeysi bilan ishlash. Darsning maqsadi
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Inersiya momenti nima? - Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan chiqish...

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Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan chiqish hodisasi elektronlar emissiyasi
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bet | 6/7 | Sana | 01.12.2023 | Hajmi | 3,47 Mb. | | #109225 |
Bog'liq fizika Inersiya momenti nima?
Inersiya momenti barcha aylanma harakat qilayotgan jismlarni tavsiflashda ishlatiladi. Bu skalyar kattalik bizga biror aylanish oʻqidagi jismning burchak tezligini oʻzgartirish qanchalik qiyinligini bildiradi.
Aylanma harakatda inersiya momenti xuddi toʻgʻri chiziqli harakatdagi massaga oʻxshaydi. Haqiqatan ham, inersiya momenti jismning massasiga proporsional. Shuningdek, u bu massa aylanish oʻqi atrofida qanday taqsimlanganiga ham bogʻliq.
Massa markazi aylanish oʻqidan uzoqlashgani sayin uning burchak tezligini oʻzgartirish qiyinlashib boradi. Bunga sabab shuki, endi massa oʻzida kattaroq impulsni mujassamlashtirgan (uning tezligi ortishi tufayli), chunki impuls vektorining yoʻnalishi tezroq oʻzgaradi. Har ikkala kattalik massadan aylanish oʻqigacha boʻlgan masofaga bogʻliq.
Inersiya momenti \[I\] harfi bilan belgilanadi. \[r\] radiusli aylana boʻylab harakatlanayotgan \[m\] massali tennis koptokchasining (1-rasmga qarang) inersiya momenti quyidagi formula orqali topiladi:
shu bilan birga, inersiya momentining SI dagi birligi \[\mathrm{kg\cdot m^2}\].
Inersiya momenti ayrim manbalarda aylanma harakat inersiyasi deb ham ataladi. Shuningdek, u ikkinchi massa momenti deb ham aytiladi; “ikkinchi” soʻzi u kuch yelkasining kvadratiga toʻgʻri proporsional ekanini bildirish uchun ishlatiladi.
Inersiya momenti va Nyutonning ikkinchi qonuni qanday bogʻliq?
Nyutonning ikkinchi qonunining aylanma harakat uchun tatbiqida inersiya momenti massa oʻrnida qoʻllanadi.
Tasavvur qiling, vaznsiz ipning bir uchiga \[m\] massali jism ulangan, ikkinchi uchi esa 2-rasmda koʻrsatilgandek biror nuqtaga mahkamlangan.
Biz jismga \[F_T\] tangensial kuch taʼsir ettirib, uni aylantirishni boshlaymiz. Nyutonning ikkinchi qonunidan,
uni quyidagicha yozish ham mumkin:
Nyutonning ikkinchi qonuni kuch va tezlanish orasidagi bogʻlanishni ifodalaydi. Aylanma harakat mexanikasida aylantiruvchi kuch momenti \[\tau\] kuchning oʻrnini egallaydi. Ikkala tarafni radiusga koʻpaytirsak, biz xohlagan ifoda kelib chiqadi.
Jismga taʼsir etuvchi aylantiruvchi kuch momentlarini bilsak, bu formula yordamida uning harakatiga tavsif berish mumkin.
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Izalyatordir. Lekin vakuumda elektr toki hosil qilish mumkun. Elektronlarning jismdan chiqish hodisasi elektronlar emissiyasi
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Bórik
alıspaq oynasań,
Tazdıń janı qalmaydı (146-b.)
Shaqmaqı qurash

Май 2021 10-қисм Тошкент
Bórik alıspaq oynasań, Tazdıń janı qalmaydı (146-b.) Shaqmaqı qurash
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10.Pedagogika yonalishi 1 qism
Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
Май 2021 10-қисм Тошкент
Bórik
alıspaq oynasań,
Tazdıń janı qalmaydı (146-b.)
Shaqmaqı qurash
kiyseń de,
Keshegi júrgen gedeyseń (177-b.)
Mısallardı tallap qaraǵanımızda «bórik» hám «shaqmaqı qurash» er adamlardıń bas kiyimi
bolıp, olar ózleriniń tuwra mánisinde jumsalǵan. Ertede qurashtıń «shaqmaqı» túrin bardamlı
adamlar kiygen. Mısalda bul sóz arqalı sol waqıttaǵı adamlar arasındaǵı klasslıq jikleniwshilik
jaǵdayları sóz etiledi. Al, tómendegi mısalda bolsa hayal-qızlardıń bas kiyimi bolǵan «sáwkele»
sózi beriledi:
Góne bolsa da,
sáwkelemizdi
kiyeyik,
Ǵarrı da bolsa sháwjeylige tiyeyik (221-b.)
Sáwkele
– kelinshektiń uzatılǵanda kiyetuǵın bas kiyimi. Halaqası kestelengen, shekeligi,
mańlayı, boydası gúmis hám marjanlar menen áshókóylengen. Júdá siyrek saqlanǵan óner úlgisi
[3]. Bul bas kiyim shlem úlgisindegi eń áyyemgi bas kiyimlerdiń biri bolıp, ayırım maǵlıwmatlarǵa
qaraǵanda biziń eramızǵa shekemgi I ásirlerde ásker basılardıń basına kiyetuǵın kiyiimi bolǵan.
Bizge belgili qaraqalpaqlardaǵı sáwkele hayal-qızlardıń toyda kiyetuǵın qımbat bahalı metallardan
islengen bas kiyimi. Kóbinese qızlar uzatılǵanda basına sáwkele kiygizgen. Aytıstaǵı «sáwkele»
sózi keltirilgen mısal da uzatılatuǵın qız tilinen bayanlanǵan.
Ústki kiyim atamaları:
shekpen, parsha ton, zer jaǵalı ishik, mawıtı, boyama kóylek, shatırash
kóylek, túrme, hám t.b. Bul atamalar ishinde
ishik
sózi DLT de ïchuk – haywanlardıń terisinen
tigilgen postın delinse, [4] ton – sırttan kiyetuǵın kiyim mánisin beredi. [5]
Aytıslar tilinde «parsha ton», «zer jaǵalı ishik», «mawıtı ton» dı xannıń, patshanıń perzentleri
21
Май 2021 10-қисм
Тошкент
kiygenligi aytıladı. Mısalı:
Kósh bádik, kósher bolsań saylarǵa kósh,
Saylardaǵı malı kóp baylarǵa kósh,
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Bórik alıspaq oynasań, Tazdıń janı qalmaydı (146-b.) Shaqmaqı qurash
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Definition of Reported Speech

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Definition of Reported Speech
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bet | 17/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzu Definition of Reported Speech
Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”
Rules to be Followed When Using Reported Speech
Reported speech is a little different from direct speech. As it has been discussed already, reported speech is used to tell what someone said and does not use the exact words of the speaker. Take a look at the following rules so that you can make use of reported speech effectively.
The first thing you have to keep in mind is that you need not use any quotation marks as you are not using the exact words of the speaker.
You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech.
You can use verbs like said, asked, requested, ordered, complained, exclaimed, screamed, told, etc. If you are just reporting a declarative sentence, you can use verbs like told, said, etc. followed by ‘that’ and end the sentence with a full stop. When you are reporting interrogative sentences, you can use the verbs – enquired, inquired, asked, etc. and remove the question mark. In case you are reporting imperative sentences, you can use verbs like requested, commanded, pleaded, ordered, etc. If you are reporting exclamatory sentences, you can use the verb exclaimed and remove the exclamation mark. Remember that the structure of the sentences also changes accordingly.
Furthermore, keep in mind that the sentence structure, tense, pronouns, modal verbs, some specific adverbs of place and adverbs of time change when a sentence is transformed into indirect/reported speech.
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*.bak  
  
-joriy katalogdagi .bak

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*.bak
-joriy katalogdagi .bak
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bet | 7/7 | Sana | 22.01.2024 | Hajmi | 102,25 Kb. | | #143451 |
Bog'liq 1- amaliy mashg’ulot*.bak
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-joriy katalogdagi .bak kengaytmali barcha fayllarni;
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C*.txt
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- « S » harfi bilan boshlanuvchi .txt kengaytmali barcha fayllarni;
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*.*
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-joriy katalogdagi barcha fayllarni;
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a???.*
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-ixtiyoriy kengaytmali, nomlari «a»dan boshlanuvchi va uzunligi
4 ta xonadan oshmaydigan fayllarni ifodalaydi.
| Matnli faylni tashkil etish
Matnli faylni hosil qilish uchun: copy con «Fayl nomi»
buyrug’i beriladi. Buyruq davomidan Enter klavishi albatta bosib qoyilishi shart. Natijada ko’rsatkich satr boshida chiqib turadi. Kiritiladigan hujjat fayl sifatida satrma-satr kiritib boriladi. Har bir satr oxirida Enter bosib qo’yiladi. Hujjat oxirida esa F6 va yana Enter klavishi ketma-ket bosib qo’yiladi. Natijada, agar fayl tashkil qilish bosqichi muvaffaqiyatli yakunlansa, u holda ekranda: 1 file(s) copied
(1 ta fayl nusxasi ko’chirildi) degan ma’lumot chiqadi. Aks holda,
0 file(s) copied-degan ma’lumot chiqadi. Masalan, copy con failn1.txt
Jumladan, copy con a:failn1.txt buyrug’i disketada failn1.txt nomli faylni hosil qilish uchun ishlatiladi.
Faylni bosmaga chiqarish
Xotiradagi fayllarni bosmaga chiqarish uchun dastlab printer qurilmasi shaxsiy kompyuterga ulangan va ishga tushirilgan bo’lishi shart. Shunda kerakli faylni bosmaga chiqarish uchun ushbu print «Fayl nomi» buyrug’idan foydalanish mumkin. Masalan: print filen1.txt.
Agar bosmaga chiqariluvchi fayllar soni bir nechta bo’lsa, u holda ular o’zaro kamida bitta bo’shliq bilan ajratiladi. Masalan: print filen1.txt filen2.txt filen3.txt
Jumladan, LPT1 portiga ulangan printer uchun faylni bosmaga chiqarish buyrug’i ushbu: copy «Fayl nomi» LPT1 ko’rinishida bo’ladi. Masalan: copy filen3.txt lpt1.
Klaviaturadan kiritilayotgan matnni to’g’ridan-to’g’ri bosmaga chiqarish uchun copy con lpt1 buyrug’i kiritiladi. Bu jarayon F6 yoki Strl va Z klavishlarini birdaniga bosish bilan yakunlanadi.
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Active Engagement - Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English

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Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English
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bet | 11/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzu 2. Active Engagement
Staring at a textbook for hours won’t do you any favors. Instead, engage actively with the material. Take notes, ask questions, and seek clarification when something isn’t clear. Actively participating in your learning process helps you retain information more effectively.
Pro-tip: Try the Feynman Technique. Explain the topic you’re studying as if you were teaching it to someone else. If you can explain it simply, you’ve truly understood it.
3. Variety is the Spice of Learning
Monotony can be the enemy of effective learning. Instead of sticking to a single study method, diversify your approach. Mix in some flashcards, diagrams, mind maps, or even group study sessions. Different methods stimulate different parts of your brain, making it easier to grasp complex concepts.
Pro-tip: Experiment with different study environments. Sometimes, a change of scenery can do wonders for your focus and creativity.
Diary Writing: How to Write, Diary Writing Format & Examples
By Shobhit SharmaUpdated:October 2, 202314 Mins ReadUNCATEGORIZED
Diary Writing: A diary is a record of thoughts, feelings, and events in someone’s life. Keeping a diary allows you to monitor your personal growth and provides a therapeutic outlet for emotions. With some simple tips, anyone can start writing a diary to remember special moments, develop writing skills, and gain self-knowledge.
Contents show
What is Diary Writing?
Diary writing is the practice of keeping a personal journal to document experiences, thoughts, and feelings. A diary entry is usually written in the first person and addressed to the writer themselves or sometimes “Dear Diary”.
Benefits of Diary Writing
Keeping a personal diary has many benefits including:
Improves writing skills – Diary writing helps develop writing habits and creativity.
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permission: She cannot stay out after 10 PM.
 
request

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permission: She cannot stay out after 10 PM.
request
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bet | 10/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzupermission: She cannot stay out after 10 PM.
request: Can you hand me the stapler?
possibility: Any child can grow up to be president.
Present Positive: can
Present Negative: can’t
Past Positive: could, was able to, was allowed to
Past Negative: couldn’t, wasn’t able to, wasn’t allowed to
Future Positive: will be able to, can
Future Negative: won’t be able to, can’t
Could¶
possibility: Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city.
past ability: Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11.
suggestion: You could see a movie or go out to dinner.
request: Could I use your computer to email my boss?
conditional: We could go on the trip if I didn’t have to work this weekend.
Present Positive: could
Present Negative: couldn’t
Past Positive: could have traveled
Past Negative: couldn’t have traveled
Future Positive: could
Future Negative: couldn’t
Learning is a journey, and like any journey, it requires a roadmap. Whether you’re a student aiming for academic success or someone simply eager to acquire new knowledge, effective study habits can make all the difference. So, grab your favorite notebook, sharpen those pencils, and let’s dive into the top 5 study habits that will turbocharge your learning experience.
1. The Power of Planning
Effective study habits start with a well-thought-out plan. Before you dive into the sea of information, take a moment to create a study schedule. Outline what subjects or topics you’ll cover each day and allocate specific time slots for each. This not only helps you stay organized but also ensures that you cover all the necessary material.
Pro-tip: Use online tools or apps to create digital study schedules that you can easily update and sync across devices. Check out lords of paper for some excellent planning resources.
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Enhances self-awareness –

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Enhances self-awareness –
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bet | 12/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzuEnhances self-awareness – a diary helps you learn more about your thought patterns, emotions, goals and relationships.
Reduces stress – writing about anxieties, fears or bad experiences can be cathartic.
Boosts memory – documenting events helps retain details that may otherwise be forgotten.
Provides comfort – looking back on past diary entries can inspire and motivate.
How to Write a Diary?
Follow these tips to start writing your own diary:
Find a medium you enjoy: Choose a paper journal, digital document, or diary app – whatever is most comfortable for you. Having an appealing diary helps motivate you to write.
Set up a routine: Dedicate 5-10 minutes each day to write in your diary. Consistency helps cement this as a rewarding habit. Many people write in their diary before bed, as it helps them unwind.
Date every entry: Noting the date provides context when you look back on previous entries. You can also include the day of the week or time of day.
Be descriptive: Include details about places, people, and emotions. Transport yourself back when reading it.
Don’t overthink it: Your diary is not a school assignment that will be graded. The goal is sincere self-expression. Don’t worry about perfect grammar or spell-checking.
Write freely: Let your thoughts flow naturally. If you’re ever stuck, you can write about your day, recent events, goals, worries, gratitude, or hopes. The topics are endless.
Be honest with yourself: Since your diary is private, you can share your uncensored thoughts and feelings. Use your diary as a judgment-free space for emotional release.
Keep it private: A diary contains your raw, unfiltered inner world. Share entries only if you feel comfortable doing so. The vulnerability of diary writing requires trust.
The unexamined life is not worth living.
— Socrates
Neuroscience somewhat backs up his claim from over 2,000 years ago as we’re beginning to understand how the brain benefits from novelty-associated learning. By continuously creating new connections, your brain becomes like a well-oiled machine. Richer in connectivity and an overall greater number of brain cells.
On top of that, we also know that it simply feels good to learn. Really good. This is down to the pleasure chemical, dopamine. Every time we learn something new, we release dopamine. This gives us a great sense of reward and keeps us coming back for more. Like a drug, but the best possible kind.
Lifelong learning gives us a natural high and ensures our journey through life is both highly stimulating and filled with a sense of achievement.
Studies have shown the following five principles can support you in becoming a successful lifelong learner.
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O‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy

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O‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy
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bet | 1/8 | Sana | 27.05.2024 | Hajmi | 429,29 Kb. | | #255393 |
Bog'liq Mignarova
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY TA’LIM, FAN VA INNOVATSIYALAR VAZIRLIGI
TOSHKENT AMALIY FANLAR UNIVERSITETI
Kunduzgi bo`lim
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“Tarmoqlar iqtisodiyoti” kafedrasi
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Ro'yxatga olindi №
« » 20 й
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Ro'yxatga olindi №
« » 20 й
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“TARMOQLAR IQTISODIYOTI” KAFEDRASI “MIKROIQTISODIYOT. MAKROIQTISODIYOT”
fanidan
Mavzu: “O’ZBEKISTAN RESPUBLIKASIDA SOLIK SIYOSATINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO’LLARI”
Ilmiy rahbar:
Bajardi:
Komissiya a’zolari:
Himoya natijasi: « » baho « » 20 й.
TOSHKENT – 2024
MUNDARIJA
KIRISH 3
1.Soliqlarning iqtisodiy mohiyati va obyektiv zarurligi 4
2. Soliqlarning o‘ziga xos belgilari 12
3. O’zbekistonda soliq siyosatini takomillashtirishning ustivor yo’nalishlari 17
4. O'zbekiston soliq ma'murchilik metodologiyasini takomillashtirish masalalari ( ilg'or xorijiy davlatlar misolida) 20
5. Soliq tizimi: muammolar va istiqbollar 23
XULOSA 28
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar 30
KIRISH
Mavzuning dolzarbligi: "O'zbekistan Respublikasida solik siyosatini takomillashtirish yo'llari" hozirda boshqa davlatlarning solik siyosatini o'rganib olgan va ularga mos keluvchi eng yaxshi amaliyotlarga asoslangan bo'lib turadi. Solik siyosati takomillashtirish uchun quyidagi boshqa yo'llar mavjud:
1. Solik qonunlaridagi qo'llanmalar va tartibgarchilikni mustahkamlash: Solik qonunlaridagi qo'llanmalar va tartibgarchilikning o'zgarishi solik siyosatini takomillashtirish uchun muhimdir. Bu yo'lda soliklar to'lov muddatlarini va daromad olishning tartibini o'zgartirish, soliklar davlat beruvchilariga katta tezlik bilan xizmat ko'rsatish kabi masalalar hal qilinadi.
2. Soliklar hisoboti va tahlili uzluksizligini ta'minlash: Soliklar hisoboti va tahlili uzluksizligi solik siyosatining muhim qismidir. Ushbu yo'lda soliklar hisobotlarini avtomatiklashtirish, soliklar tahlilini yanada boshqarish, solik hisobotlarini ommaviylikka ochish kabi jarayonlar amalga oshiriladi.
3. Solik qo'llardagi boshqaruvni takomillashtirish: Solik qo'llardagi boshqaruvni takomillashtirishning asosiy qatnashchilari Davlat solik qo'llarini boshqaruv tizimi, solik to'lovlari uchun onlayn platformalar, solik to'lovlari rejasi va soliklar to'lovlari davlat xizmatlarining yanada optimallashtirilishi bo'lib keladi.
4. Solik huquqiy muhofazasini ta'minlash: Solik huquqiy muhofazasi solik siyosatini takomillashtirishning joriy etilishini ta'minlaydi. Bu yo'lda solik huquqlari bilan bog'liq muddatlarni mustahkamlash, soliklarga qarshi gaplashuvni oldini olish, soliklarning ma'suliyatini oshirish va solik huquqiy nazorat organlarining faoliyatidagi keyingi tahlilni o'z ichiga oladi.
5. Solik siyosatini jamiyat o'rtasida tarqatish: Solik siyosatini takomillashtirish yo'lida o’zgarishlar haqida jamiyatga xabarnoma berish, soliklar tarkibi haqida ko'rsatma tuzish, soliklar va soliklarning maqsadlari haqida savollar va javoblar to'plamini o'tkazish kabi ko'rsatkichlar ishlatiladi. Bunday tadbirlar orqali jamiyat soliklar sistemiga ishtirok etishini oshiradi va takomillashtirish jarayonida saylovchining ovoz bildirishini ta'minlaydi.
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Virtual tashqi xotirani boshqarish

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Virtual tashqi xotirani boshqarish
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bet | 5/7 | Sana | 22.01.2024 | Hajmi | 102,25 Kb. | | #143451 |
Bog'liq 1- amaliy mashg’ulotVirtual tashqi xotirani boshqarish. Virtual tashqi xotirani boshqarish virtual ichki xotirani boshqarishga nisbatan bir muncha murakkabroq. Buning asosiy sababi ularning hajmidadir.
Himoya. OSda ishlatiladigan berilganlar Himoyalangan bo’lishi kerak. Himoyalanish OS tarkibiga kirgan dasturdan, foydalanuvchi dasturdan va foydalanuvchining biron-bir harakatidan bo’ladi. Har qanday OS o’z tarkibiga kirgan dasturlarni Himoyalashi ko’zda tutilgan bo’ladi. Biroq bu Himoyalanish buzilishi mumkin, buzilish odatda tashqi aralashuv natijasida amalga oshiriladi. Shu sababli OS tarkibidagi ayrim dasturlarga kirish umuman taqiqlab qo’yiladi.
Kompyuterning dasturli ta’minoti
Ixtiyoriy belgilar ketma-ketligining xotirada biror nom bilan saqlanishiga fayl deb aytiladi. Masalan, dasturlar, hujjatlar va shu kabi ma’lumotlar. Fayllar 2 xil ko’rinishda bo’ladi: matnli va ikkilik tizimida. Matnli fayllar foydalanuvchining o’qishi uchun mo’ljallangan bo’lib, ixtiyoriy belgilardan tuzilgan satrlardan tashkil topadi. Har bir satr Enter klavishasi bilan yakunlangan va yangi satrdan boshlangan bo’ladi. Ma’lumki, matnni tahrirlash va ko’rish paytida Enter klavishasining belgisi ekranda ko’rinmaydi.
Xotirada saqlanayotgan informatsiya turiga qarab foydalanuvchi yoki ShK tomonidan faylga qo’shimcha tur- fayl kengaytmasi beriladi. Fayl kengaytmasi sifatida uzunligi 1 tadan 3 tagacha bo’lgan lotin harflari, raqamlar va ba’zi belgilar ishlatilishi mumkin. Umuman olganda, fayl kengaytmasi ishlatilmasligi ham mumkin. Faylning to’liq nomi ikki qismdan iborat bo’lib, unda fayl nomi va nuqta bilan ajratib yozilgan fayl kengaytmasi yoziladi. Masalan: win.com, lola.bat, pr1.bas, pr2.txt.
Bu yerda win, lola, pr1 va pr2lar fayl nomlari bo’lib, com, bat, bas va txt lar esa fayl kengaytmalaridir. Aslida fayl nomida fayl kengaytmasi bo’lishi shart emas. Agar u bor bo’lsa, mazkur faylning xususiyatini aniqlaydi va foydalanuvchi uchun qulaylik yaratadi.
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What Is a Cover Letter? - Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English

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Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English
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bet | 16/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzu What Is a Cover Letter?
A cover letter is a document you send with your resume. In this letter, you express your interest in a job opening, provide some context for your skills and experiences, and explain any parts of your resume that may be confusing or concerning for a potential employer.Some people believe writing cover letters is a waste of time and that recruiters rarely read them. Others argue that employers still value these documents for insight into a candidate’s personality and motivations. And although there is some truth to the first point, studies show that cover letters are still well worth writing.For example, ResumeGo surveyed 236 hiring professionals to determine if cover letters impact their decision-making process. Here are some results:87% of recruiters said that they do indeed read cover letters81% answered that they value letters written for a particular company and position more than generic ones65% stated that cover letters significantly influence their hiring decisionsSo, yes, your cover letter probably will be read. And yes, it better be good because it can be the reason you get an interview!
There are only two situations where you can skip cover letter writing.The first is if an employer explicitly states in their job ad that you should not include a cover letter. The second is if you are applying through an online form and there is no option to submit a cover letter. Otherwise, invest some time introducing yourself to a potential employer and showcasing why you will be a valuable asset to their company.
And again, your cover letter is the best place to add important information that does not belong on your resume. You can use a cover letter to explain employment gaps, mention that you are willing to relocate, describe why you are changing careers
What Is Reported Speech?
Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message.
Now, take a look at the following dictionary definitions for a clearer idea of what it is.
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Zero Conditional - Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English

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Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English
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bet | 22/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzu1. Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word “if” can usually be replaced by the word “when” without changing the meaning.
> Facts/True
> Habits
> Rules
> Instructions
FORM: (If/when + Simple Present, Simple Present)
Example:
· When the sun sets, it gets dark.
· If you leave milk out, it spoils. (General fact)
· If the power goes out, we can’t watch TV.
· If she doesn’t call, I’m annoyed. (General fact)
570 words essay on the Latest Achievements of Science
Article shared by <="" div="" >
Free sample essay on the Latest Achievements of Science. Science has given us numerous wonders. The wonders of science are too many to be counted. It has given us a large number of comforts and facilities. It has made our life easier. Some of the wonders of science are really astonishing.
The list of the latest wonders of science is too long to be made. However, a few more wonderful gifts of science are television, air-conditioner, satellites, rockets, computers, Internet, etc. These inventions have eased human life. Besides, there are a lot more in different spheres. They include inventions in the field of medical and health, agriculture, space, transport, warships. Most of these achievements of science have brought luxury and comfort in the life of man but several of them are responsible for causing mass damage and destruction as well. For example, science has given us hydrogen bomb, nuclear bomb, fighter planes, missiles, etc. which can cause heavy damage and destruction at far-off places.
It is the contribution of science that the world has been reduced in terms of space and time. The world has become a global village. With the help of various means of fast communication, a man sitting in remote village of India can have contact with a person in New York. We can see with our own eyes the happenings at far end of the country. We can enjoy live game show taking place in different parts of the world. The wonders of science have made heat and cold ineffective. Now we have air-conditioner which has overcome the severity of nature. Television is a source of delight and entertainment all across the world. We have video phones. We can see the picture of the person we are talking with, sitting thousands of kilometers away.
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) Intellectual humility - Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English

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Ubiquity of English plan: 1 Ubiquity of English
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bet | 13/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzu 1) Intellectual humility
“A foolish person thinks, “I already know that.”
He keeps anything new from coming into his mind.
A wise person thinks, “I don’t know the whole story.”
She opens herself up to even greater wisdom.”
— Haemin Sunim
When I interviewed Prof. Noel Caplice on our podcast last year, he spoke about how his experience working at the Mayo Clinic revolutionised his learning forever more.
As he sat beside the world’s leading medical experts in meetings every day, Noel was struck by how often they would respond to a medical question with the reply:
“I don’t know, let’s go find out what the answer is.”
Is it a coincidence that some of the world’s leading medical experts have the humility to say these 3 powerful words and many of us do not?
A survey is a tool that is commonly used when carrying out human research. It is usually used to extract data from a predefined group of people.
Surveys are often used to assess emotions, thoughts and feelings of the respondents. It can be specific and limited, or more general and widespread—depending on the researcher and purpose of the survey.
When researchers evaluates a survey taken over a sample population which is usually part of a larger population, it can be used to make predictions on the larger population. Such predictions may be wrong in some cases, but they are legitimate statistical procedures.
What is a Survey?
A survey is a research tool that uses questionnaires to collect data from a predefined group of respondents, and analyzing those responses to discover trends and make future predictions. It consists of a predetermined set of questions given to a sample of a large population.
There are a variety of uses for surveys, which can be carried out in different ways depending on the methodology and purpose of research. Some of the uses of surveys are; behavioural analysis, customer service, competitive analysis, etc.
The need to obtain facts about a research topic is what leads us to carry out a survey. These facts are obtained through standard procedures that ensures each response is unbiased.
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Job-relevant interview content

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Job-relevant interview content
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bet | 20/24 | Sana | 10.01.2024 | Hajmi | 71,29 Kb. | | #134047 |
Bog'liq english 30 mavzuJob-relevant interview content: Interview questions are generally designed to tap applicant attributes that are specifically relevant to the job for which the person is applying. The job-relevant applicant attributes that the questions purportedly assess are thought to be necessary for successful performance on the job. The job-relevant constructs that have been assessed in the interview can be classified into three categories: general traits, experiential factors, and core job elements. The first category refers to relatively stable applicant traits. The second category refers to job knowledge that the applicant has acquired over time. The third category refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities associated with the job.
General traits:
Mental ability: Applicants' capacity to listen, to communicate, to work with a team, to have attention to detail,[9] and to learn and process information,[6]
Personality: Conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, extroversion, openness to new experiences[5][6][7]
Interest, goals, and values: Applicant motives, goals, and person-organization fit[6]
Experiential factors:
Experience: Job-relevant knowledge derived from prior experience[6][7]
Education: Job-relevant knowledge derived from prior education
Training: Job-relevant knowledge derived from prior training
Writing Paragraph Structure
Paragraphs are the fundamental structure of writing. A paragraph comprises several sentences, which are relevant to each other. In brief, paragraph is the group of sentences, which are written on a particular topic. However, it is designed to discuss about a topic. In the formal writing, paragraphs are essential as each of these delineates the information. Each paragraph contains different information and together it structures an article, essay and others. Without having a paragraph the entire write up will be uninteresting.
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PUP yoki mumkin bo'lmagan kiruvchi dastur

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PUP yoki mumkin bo'lmagan kiruvchi dastur
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 67,62 Kb. | | #232025 |
PUP yoki mumkin bo'lmagan kiruvchi dastur
PUP dasturi yoki potentsial kiruvchi dastur shpion dasturlari, troyan dasturlari va reklama dasturlari viruslarini o'z ichiga oladi. Ko'pgina hollarda, bularning barchasi u yoki bu shaklda foydalanuvchi tomonidan yuklab olingan foydali dastur bilan birga o'rnatiladi.
PUP dasturi klaviatura bosish va fayllarni skanerlashdan tortib ma'lumotlarni skanerlash va cookie-fayllarni o'qishgacha juda ko'p imkoniyatlarga ega.
PUP nima?
PUP (potentsial nomaqbul dastur) - bu sizning kompyuteringizga yuklab olishni ma'qullamagan har qanday dastur. Ba'zan dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchisi foydali sabablarga ko'ra ularni qo'shishga qaror qiladi. Masalan, dasturiy ta'minot o'rnatishni engillashtirish uchun uchinchi tomon o'rnatuvchisi bilan birga kelishi mumkin.
Dasturiy ta'minotni yuklab olish bilan standartga mos keladigan oxirgi foydalanuvchi litsenziya shartnomalari (EULA) tufayli, bu ko'p hollarda qonuniy hisoblanadi. EULA ko'pincha shunchalik uzunki, ko'pchilik odamlar ularni bosib o'tish uchun ularni bosib o'tishadi Qa'bul qilaman tugmasi Ammo, bu til odatda dasturiy ta'minotning aksariyat provayderlari paketlangan dasturlar to'g'risida bir-ikki qatorni yashiradi, bu siz xohlagan yuklab olish bilan qo'shimcha dasturlarning amaliyoti.
Bunday tahdidlardan himoya qilish uchun foydalanuvchiga dasturlar va brauzer kengaytmalarini o'rnatish yoki yuklab olish tavsiya etilmaydi, ayniqsa dasturiy ta'minot ishonchsiz veb-resursda joylashgan bo'lsa. Bundan tashqari, har qanday dasturni o'rnatishda yashirin katakchalarni belgilash va o'rnatishning rivojlangan variantlaridan foydalanish muhimdir.
Fishing
Fishing - elektron pochta xabarlarini ishlatadigan xakerlik usullaridan biridir. Ular foydalanuvchini aldashga urinish va aldash yoki so'rovlar orqali undan saytlardan yoki xizmatlardan login va parol ma'lumotlarini olishga harakat qiladigan juda eski usul. Fishing-xatlari oddiy yoki bankdan yoki do'stingizdan rasmiy so'rov sifatida taqdim etilishi mumkin.
Himoya ham oddiy - hech kimga login va parol ma'lumotlarini bermaslik va elektron pochta xabarlarini spam-xabarlarni tekshirish uchun elektron pochta orqali himoya dasturini o'rnatish kifoya. Shuningdek, iloji bo'lsa, ko'p faktorli autentifikatsiyani o'rnatish mumkin (unda login / parolni kiritgandan so'ng siz kod, maxfiy so'z yoki SMS orqali olingan raqamni kiritishingiz kerak).
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XSS yoki saytlararo skript

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XSS yoki saytlararo skript
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 67,62 Kb. | | #232025 |
XSS yoki saytlararo skript
Ushbu turdagi hujum veb-saytga virus kodini joylashtirishga asoslangan. Ushbu kod foydalanuvchi saytga kirgandan so'ng darhol ishlaydi va xaker o'z harakati tufayli ushbu saytda foydalanuvchi tomonidan kiritilgan ma'lumotlarni olish imkoniyatiga ega bo'ladi.
Kengaytmalar va brauzer yangilanishlarini blokirovka qilish bu erda yordam beradi, bunda brauzer o'zi saytni skanerdan o'tkazadi va foydalanuvchini Internet-resurs xavfi to'g'risida ogohlantiradi.
DdoS hujumi
DdoS - bu bugungi kunda keng tarqalgan kiberhujum turi bo'lib, unda qisqa vaqt ichida ma'lum bir resursga (resurs serveriga) ko'plab so'rovlar yuboriladi. Natijada, server juda ko'p kiruvchi so'rovlarni uddalay olmaydi, shuning uchun u sekinlashib, o'chirishni boshlaydi. Yaxshi DdoS hujumi uchun xakerlar botnet so'rovlari sonini ko'paytirish uchun birlashtirilgan maxsus zombi kompyuterlardan foydalanadilar.
Kiber mudofaa strategiyasi
Kiberhujum ehtimolini minimallashtirish uchun ba'zi muhim maslahatlar:
- Antivirus va xavfsizlik devori dasturlari doimo kompyuterda ishlaydi.
- Dasturiy ta'minot va operatsion tizim rasmiy yangilanishlar mavjud bo'lganda yangilanishi kerak.
- Agar siz notanish kishidan xat olgan bo'lsangiz va ushbu xatda qo'shimchalar mavjud bo'lsa, ularni ochmasligingiz kerak.
- Agar Internet manbai noma'lum bo'lsa, uni yuklab olish yoki undan nusxa ko'chirish tavsiya etilmaydi va siz ushbu dasturni ishga tushirmasligingiz kerak.
5.Har qanday Internet-resurslarga parollarni o'rnatishda ularni kamida 8 ta belgidan iborat qilish kerak va ular katta va kichik harflar, shuningdek tinish belgilari va raqamlar bo'lishi kerak.
6.Barcha saytlar uchun bitta, hatto murakkab paroldan foydalanishga hojat yo'q.
- Ishonchli kompaniyalar va veb-saytlar firibgarlardan https kabi manzilga ega shifrlangan sahifalar mavjudligi bilan ajralib turadi.
- Agar sizning kompyuteringiz yoki telefoningiz parolsiz Wi-Fi-ga ulangan bo'lsa, siz hech qanday Internet-resurslarni kiritmasligingiz kerak.
- Barcha muhim fayllar va hujjatlar Internet ulanmagan joyda, boshqalar uchun xavfsiz va kirish qiyin bo'lgan joyga ko'chirilishi kerak.
Bularning barchasi oddiy va sodda, ammo bugungi kunda qo'llanilishi kerak bo'lgan juda samarali maslahatlar.
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Hisoblarni buzish - Kiber hujum: ta'rifi va turlari Kiberhujum

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Kiber hujum: ta'rifi va turlari Kiberhujum
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 67,62 Kb. | | #232025 |
Hisoblarni buzish
Xakerlar har qanday shaxsning akkauntiga to'liq kirish huquqiga ega bo'lishlari mumkin, ayniqsa, "frontal hujum" dan foydalanishda, unda maxsus dasturiy ta'minot har qanday kirish / parol juftligini sinab ko'radi. Dastur bunday ish bilan shug'ullanganligi sababli, ma'lum miqdordagi noto'g'ri kiritilgan paroldan keyin hisobni bloklashni o'rnatish kerak. Shuningdek, siz robotlardan, ya'ni reCAPTCHA tizimidan himoyadan foydalanishingiz mumkin.
Eskirgan yoki yangilanmagan dasturiy ta'minot
Va bu allaqachon abadiy muammo - ko'plab xakerlar veb-dasturlarda ham, tizim dasturlarida ham mavjud bo'lgan zaifliklardan ma'lumotlarni olish yoki boshqa birovning kompyuteriga virus kiritish uchun foydalanadilar. Misol tariqasida Apache Struts veb-tizimiga ega bo'lgan Equifax kompaniyasini esga olishimiz mumkin. U o'z vaqtida yangilanmagan, bu 143 million ijtimoiy sug'urta raqamlarini o'g'irlashga olib keldi (va bu bir daqiqada bizning soliq kodimiz kabi soliq to'lovchining identifikatsiya raqami).
Shuningdek, manzillar, kredit kartalar va haydovchilik guvohnomalari ma'lumotlari o'g'irlangan. Va barchasi, himoya vaqtida yangilanmaganligi sababli.
Hackerlarning qurboniga aylanmaslik uchun siz xavfsizlik dasturlarini yangilashingiz yoki boshqa dasturlarda va umuman operatsion tizimda zaifliklarni topishga yo'naltirilgan dasturni yuklab olishingiz kerak.
SQL in'ektsiyasi
SQL - ma'lumotlar bazalari bilan aloqa qilish uchun ishlatiladigan dasturlash tili. Veb-saytlar uchun muhim tarkibni joylashtiradigan ko'plab serverlar ma'lumotlar bazalaridagi ma'lumotlarni boshqarish uchun SQL-dan foydalanadilar. SQL in'ektsiyasi - bu maxsus serverga qaratilgan kiber hujum. Zararli koddan foydalangan holda xakerlar unda saqlangan ma'lumotlar bilan ta'sir o'tkazishga harakat qilishadi. Agar server veb-saytdagi shaxsiy mijozlar haqidagi ma'lumotlarni, masalan, kredit karta raqamlari, foydalanuvchi nomlari va parollari (hisob ma'lumotlari) yoki boshqa shaxsiy ma'lumotlarni saqlasa, bu ayniqsa muammoli.
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