nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
+ A) A.Suxomlinskiy” Tarbiya haqida”
B) A.Avloniy “Birinchi muallim”
C) K.D.Ushinskiy “Inson tarbiya predmeti haqida”
D) A.S.Makarenko” Pedagogik adabiyotning foydasi xaqida”

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+ A) A.Suxomlinskiy” Tarbiya haqida”
B) A.Avloniy “Birinchi muallim”
C) K.D.Ushinskiy “Inson tarbiya predmeti haqida”
D) A.S.Makarenko” Pedagogik adabiyotning foydasi xaqida”
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bet | 43/56 | Sana | 14.02.2024 | Hajmi | 87,07 Kb. | | #156776 |
+ A) A.Suxomlinskiy” Tarbiya haqida”
B) A.Avloniy “Birinchi muallim”
C) K.D.Ushinskiy “Inson tarbiya predmeti haqida”
D) A.S.Makarenko” Pedagogik adabiyotning foydasi xaqida”
298.Intellektni mashq qildirish va mantiqiy fikrlashga o‘rgatish darsning qaysi qismida amalga oshiriladi?
A) Kirish
B) Asosiy
C) Mustahkamlash
D) Yakuniy
299.Ta’sirli og‘zaki nutq bu qanday vosita turi.
A) Shaxsiy
B) Axborot
+ C) Verbal
D) Faktik
300.Profilaktika so‘zining ma’nosi nima?
A) Tarbiyalash
+ B) Oldini olish
С) Nazorat
D) Kuzatish
301.Tarbiyalanuvchilarga ta`sir etishi natijalariga ko`ra metodlar nechta guruhga bo`linadi?
+ A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
302.Shaxs ongini shakllantirish metodlari nechta?
A) 9
+ B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
303.O`quvchi shaxsini g`oyaviy va ma`naviy-axloqiy jihatdan shakllantirishda o`qituvchining jonli so`zi eng ta`sirchan metod hisoblanadi” ushbu ta`rif qaysi tarbiya metodga tegishli? 304.Tarbiyalanuvchining xatti-harakati va faoliyatiga ijobiy baho berish asosida unga ishonch bildirish, ko`nglim ko`tarish va uni qo`llab-quwatlash metodidir. Ushbu ta`rif qaysi tarbiya metodga nisbatan qo`llanilgan.
A) Tushuntirish
B) Hikoya
C) Suhbat
+ D) Rag`batlantirish
305.O`quvchilarda mehnat, ijtimoiy xulq va hayotiy tajriba ko`nikmalarini shakllantirish maqsadida qo`llaniladigan metod. Keltirilgan ta`rif tarbiyaning qaysi metodiga tegishli?
+ A) Toshiriq
B) Tushuntirish
C) Hikoya
D) Suhbat
306.Psixologik jihatdan taraqqiy etgan, shaxsiy xususiyatlari va xatti-harakatlari bilan boshqalardan ajralib turuvchi, muayyan xulq-atvor va dunyoqarashga ega bo`lgan jamiyat a`zosi
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
+ A) A.Suxomlinskiy” Tarbiya haqida”
B) A.Avloniy “Birinchi muallim”
C) K.D.Ushinskiy “Inson tarbiya predmeti haqida”
D) A.S.Makarenko” Pedagogik adabiyotning foydasi xaqida”
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Metod nima? - Biz sizning foydangiz uchun harakatdamiz

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Biz sizning foydangiz uchun harakatdamiz
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bet | 42/56 | Sana | 14.02.2024 | Hajmi | 87,07 Kb. | | #156776 |
292.Metod nima?
A) Muammoli vaziyatlarni yaratish va hal etish
B) Murakkab, ko’p qirrali, ko’p sifatlarga ega ta’limdir
+ C) Yаngi bilimlarni qidirish, izlash, tashkil qilish.
D) Ta’limda maqsadga erishishi, masalalarini hal qilish yo’llari, usulari
293.Bilimlilik madaniyati nima?
A) Aksariyat hollarda pedagog va o’qituvchining o’zaro munosabatlari jarayoni va natijalari
B) Ob’yektiv imkoniyatlar bilan talaba istaklarini o’zaro isbotlangan holda maqsadni to’g’ri tanlay olish.
C) Pedagogik bilimlarni turli tumanligi va pedagog tomonidan bu bilimlarni egallanish
D) Insonlarning oliy kechinmalarini keng uyg’unligi hosilasi
294.Pedagogik texnologiya monitoringida birinchi bosqich bu...?
A) Natija
B) O`rganish
C) Tahlil eta bilish
D) Sintez
295.Maktabda o’tiladigan birinchi darslar qanday bo’lishi kerak
A) Yozish va o’qishni o’rgatish, qo’shiqlar ayttirish,sayohat qildirish
B) Mavzu haqida tushuncha berish, maktab pedagogik jamoasi bilan tanishtirish.
+ C) Tanishish, intizomni o’rnatish, maktab uylab sayoxat uyushtirish, suxbatlashish
D) Kitoblar haqida ma’lumot berish, odob axloq haqida tushuncha berish, suhbatlashish
296.Yaxshi o’qituvchi bo’lib yetishish uchun nima qilish kerak.
A) Bolaning qalbini tushunish kerak.
+ B) Mutaxassisligi buyicha keng ma’lumotga ega bulish, maktab pedagogik jamoasi faoliyatida ishtirok etish.
C) Tarbiyalanuvchilarni ragbatlantirishni bilish
D) Haqiqiy hayot kechirish, to’laqonli hayotga intilish, kitob mutalo qilish, musiqa tanglash,
297.Ko’pgina maktablarda orqadagi partalarda xuddi xurlanganlardek,mayus,serjahl, hamma narsaga beparvo qaraydigan,ulgurmovchi bolalar utirishini uylasam yuragim orqaga tartib ketadi. Bu g’oya kimning qaysi asarida keltirilgan.
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O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent arxitektura qurilish instituti qodirova Surayyo Adilovna - bet 35

63
VII BOB. BANK BINOLARI VA KOMPLEKSLARI
7.1. Bank binolari shakllanishining tarixiy shart-sharoitlari
Bank binolarining tipologik shakllanishi bank ishi rivolanishidagi asrlar
davomida ro„y bergan tarixiy o„zgarishlarga to„g„ridan-to„g„ri bog„liqdir.
Ma‟lumki, banklar paydo bo„lishiga qadimdan mavjud bo„lib kelgan pul-tovar
munosabatlar sabab bo„lgan. Antik va feodal davrlarda bank – to„lovlarni amalga
oshirishda vositachi, pulni almashtirish, ya‟ni sarroflik funksiyalarini bajargan.
U davrning tipologik banki – sarrof rastasi yoki do„koni (ital. Banko – do„kon,
rasta). Bobil va Yunonistonda bank operatsiyalari bilan kohinlar korporatsiyasi
shug„ullangan, pul saqlashning eng ishonchli joyi sifatida ibodatxonalardan
foydalanilgan, ya‟ni bank funksiyalarini ibodatxonalar bajargan. Ma‟lumki,
Delfadagi Appolon, Efesdagi Artemida ibodatxonalarida, shuningdek Afinadagi
bir nechta yirik ibodatxonalarida omonat qabul qilish va qarz berish ishlari
yuritilgan. Shunday qilib, bank binosi boshqa funksional vazifalar uchun
mo„ljallangan jamoat binolari asosida shakllangan va bank qurilishidagi
arxitekturaga ularning ta‟siri kuchli bo„lgan.
Qadimgi bank ishi Rim imperiyasi emirilishidan keyin batamom tugatilgan,
lekin, ta‟kidlash zarurki, aynan Rim imperiyasi davrida bu faoliyat o„zining eng
yuksak cho„qqisiga ko„tarilgan edi. O„rta asrlarda bank ishining ijtimoiy
o„zgarishlarga bo„lgan reaksiyasi kuchayib borishini kuzatish mumkin edi. Bu
kabi munosabatlar yillar o„tib yanada rivojlandi va hozirgi kunlarga qadar
saqlanib kelmoqda. Har bir asrlar almashinuvi, har bir o„zgarishlar davri
banklarga bo„lgan ehtiyojni avvaliga keskin oshirib yuborgan, keyin esa kuchli
pasayish ro„y bergan. O„rta asrlarda bank ishi yana rivojalana boshladi, banklarga
bo„lgan ehtiyoj yana kuchayib ketdi. Nafaqat xususiy banklar ko„paydi, balki
shahar ma‟muriyati nazorati ostida faoliyat ko„rsatadigan banklar ham paydo
bo„la boshladi. Bu banklar kapitalizm davrida aksionerlik korxonalar shaklidagi
bankirlik firmalariga aylandi.
Bu davrda bank binosi ma‟muriy binolarga bo„lgan tipologik talablarga
javob beruvchi binolarga aylandi. Aynan o„sha davrda bank pul mablag„larini
saqlash, kredit berish, pul bilan bog„liq hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirish,
veksellar hisobini yuritish, pul va qimmatli qog„ozlar emissiyasi, oltin va xorijiy
valyuta bilan bog„liq operatsiyalar kabi funksiyalar bilan shug„ullanuvchi
muassasa sifatida to„liq shakllandi. Nihoyat, aniq funksional vazifaga ega bo„lgan
yangi turdagi jamoat binosiga – bank binosiga bo„lgan ehtiyoj paydo bo„ldi.
Universal turdagi tijorat banki esa, o„sha davrda Yevropadagi banklarning asosiy
turi sifatida e‟tirof etilgan.
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Germaniyadagi yuqori qavatli bank binolari

66
7.2. Bank binolarining klassifikatsiyasi
Bank
binolarining klassifikatsiyasi,
birinchi navbatda,
bank turi va uning
shahar tuzilmasidagi joyi bilan belgilanadi.
Turiga qarab banklar quyidagicha toifalanidi:
Funksiyalari va bajariladigan operatsiyalar bo‘yicha:
- markaziy;
- tijorat banklari;
- omonat banklari;
- maxsus banklar;
Mulkchilik shakli bo‘yicha:
- davlat banklari;
- aksionerlik banklari;
- aksionerlar ishtirokisiz tashkil etilgan banklar;
- kooperativ banklar.
Boshqaruv darajasi bo‘yicha:
- mahalliy;
- shahar banklari;
- tuman banklari;
Xodimlar va operatsion joylar soni bo‘yicha:
- kichik;
- o„rta;
- yirik;
- o„ta yirik.
Shahar tuzilmasidagi o‘rni bo‘yicha:
- shahar markazida – bankning hududiy boshqarmasi (shtab-kvartira);
- shahar tumanida – bank bo„limi – bank agentligi;
- mikrotumanda, qishloq joyda – bank filiali.
7.3. Bank binolari yer uchastkalari
Bank binolari uchun yer uchastkalarining maydoni xodimlar soniga bog„liq
holda 0,4-0,6 gektar qilib qabul qilinadi. Bank hududi balandligi 2,5 m bo„lgan
to„siq bilan o„ralishi zarur. Uchastkada xodimlar va mijozlarning avtomashinalari
uchun to„xtash joyi ko„zda tutilishi lozim (100 ta ish joy uchun 20 to„xtash joyi,
har bir operastion joy uchun 5 ta to„xtash joyi).
Uchastkaga inkasatorlar
mashinasi kirishi uchun qulay kirish yo„li tashkil etilgan bo„lishi kerak.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR - Kurs ishi mundarija Kirish I. Bob zamonaviy monetarizm nazariyasining yaratilishi va...

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Kurs ishi mundarija Kirish I. Bob zamonaviy monetarizm nazariyasining yaratilishi va uning asosiy qoidalari
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bet | 7/7 | Sana | 27.05.2024 | Hajmi | 67,88 Kb. | | #254522 |
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
1.Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Buyuk kelajagimizni mard va oliyjanob halqimiz bilan birga
quramiz. –Toshkent.“O‘zbekiston”, 2017.-488 b.
2. Sh.M. Mirziyoyevning Tanqidiy tahlil, qat’iy tartib-intizom va shaxsiy javobgarlik– har bir rahbar faoliyatining kundalik qoidasi bo’lishi kerak. O’zbekiston
Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2016 yil yakunlari va 2017 yil istiqbollariga
bag‘ishlangan majlisdagi O‘zbekiston republikasi prezidentining nutqi. // Xalq
so‘zi gazetasi. 2017 yil 16 yanvar, № 11.
3. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Erkin va farovon, demokratik O‘zbekiston davlatini birgalikda
barpo etamiz. “O‘zbekiston” 2016.
4.O‘zbekiston Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoyev 2017-2021 yillarda O‘zbekistonni
rivojlantirishning beshta ustuvor yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha harakat strategiyasi. 7 yanvar
2017 yil.
5.Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Qonun ustuvorligi va inson manfaatlarini ta’minlash yurt
taraqqiyoti va Xalq farovonligi garovi.-Toshkent, O’zbekiston,2017.-48b.
6. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi. – T.: O‘zbekiston, 2014. -76 b.
7. Abdullayeva Sh.Z. Xalqaro valyuta-kredit munosabatlari-Toshkent “IQTISOD-MOLIYA”, 2005. -583 b.17. 8.N.X.Jumayev. O‘zbekistonda valyuta munosabatlarini tartibga solish metodologiyasini takomillashtirish.- Toshkent, 2007 y. -230b.
9. Xoshimov E.A., Yamutov F., Abdirimov M.A. Moliyaviyiqtisodiy inqiroz va uni bartaraf etishda valyuta siyosatidan foydalanish: muammolar va yechimlar.Toshkent: Akademnashr, 2001 y.
10.Kalchakeyeva A.M.-Upravleniya obmennimi kursami. – Bishkek.2005 g.
11.Barinov E.A. Valyutno-kreditnie otnosheniya vo vneshney torgovle,-M: Federativnaya Knigotorgovaya Kompaniya, 1998g.
12. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Qonuni. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Markaziy banki toʻgʻrisida Qonun hujjatlari maʼlumotlari milliy bazasi: No 03/19/582/4014.
13. Fridmen, M. (1999). Esli by dengi zagovorili… Per. s angl. (b.113-114).Moskva: I
14. Keynes, Dj.M. (1999). Obshchaya teoriya zanyatosti, protsenta i deneg. Per.s angl. (p.352). Moscow: Gelios ARV.
15. Мишкин, Ф.С. (2013). Экономическая теория денег, банковского делаи финансовйх рйнков. Пер. с англ. (п.485). Мосcоw: OOO «I.D. Williams».
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O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent arxitektura qurilish instituti qodirova Surayyo Adilovna - bet 36

65
buyumlar va pul saqlanadigan muassasa sifatida juda mustahkam va ishonchli,
begonalar kirishiga yo„l qo„ymaydigan binoga ega bo„lishi lozim.
Funksional bloklarning har biri aniq tarixiy va iqtisodiy xususiyatlarga
bog„liq ravishda rivojlangan va takomillashib borgan. Bank binolari qurilishining
quyidagi asosiy bosqichlari XX asr uchun xosdir:
- Birinchi Jahon urushidan so„ng G„arbiy Yevropa mamlakatlarida bank
binolariga bo„lgan talab sezilarli darajada ortishi;
- 1930-yillarda, iqtisodiy inqirozdan keyin, AQSh va Kanadada bank
binolariga bo„lgan talabning kuchayishi;
- Ikkinchi Jahon urushidan keyin xalq demokratiyasi mamlakatlarida bank
binolariga bo„lgan ehtiyojning ortishi;
- 1960-yillarda kolonializm tizimning tugatilishi G„arbiy Yevropada bank
binolariga bo„lgan talabning o„zgarishi;
- 1980-yillarning oxiri va 1990-yillar boshida mamlakatda ro„y bergan
ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy o„zgarishlar natijasida bank binolariga bo„lgan ehtiyojning
keskin ortishi.
Protsessor (cpu): Hisoblash mashinasining asosiy qismi bo'lib, barcha hisob-kitoblarni bajaradi va kompyuterning boshqaruv markazi hisoblanadi. Xotira (ram)

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Protsessor (cpu): Hisoblash mashinasining asosiy qismi bo'lib, barcha hisob-kitoblarni bajaradi va kompyuterning boshqaruv markazi hisoblanadi. Xotira (ram)
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bet | 1/4 | Sana | 07.09.2024 | Hajmi | 3,76 Mb. | | #270586 |
Bog'liq 1-Mavzu. KTE KOMPYUTERNI TASHKIL ETILISHI
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA KOMMUNIKATSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH VAZIRLIGI
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi
Toshkent Axborot Texnologiyalari Univyersityeti
Kompyuter arxitekturasining rivojlanish bosqichlari, kompyuterlar turlari va tashkil etilish tamoillari.
Kompyuterlarning asosiy ko‘rsatkichlari.
Reja - Hisoblash mashinalari va tizimlari
- Kompyuterni tashkil etilishi
- HM tuzilmaviy turlari
- Kompyuterlarning asosiy ko‘rsatkichlari
Hisoblash mashinalari va tizimlari… Hisoblash mashinalari bu - …
Hisoblash mashinalari (HM) – ma'lumotlarga ishlov berish va kerakli shaklda natijani olish imkoniyatini yaratadigan texnik vositalar to'plamidir. Texnik vositalar asosida ma'lumotlarni avtomatik qayta ishlash uchun mo'ljallangan barcha jihozlar tushuniladi.
Acer Aspire 8920
NASA's Supercomputer
An Intertec Superbrain microcomputer
Computer hardware
calculator, 1952
Cray supercomputers
Hisoblash mashinalari bu - …
Hisoblash mashinalari quyidagi asosiy qismlardan tashkil topadi:
- Protsessor (CPU): Hisoblash mashinasining asosiy qismi bo'lib, barcha hisob-kitoblarni bajaradi va kompyuterning boshqaruv markazi hisoblanadi.
- Xotira (RAM): Ma'lumotlarni vaqtinchalik saqlash uchun ishlatiladi. Bu ma'lumotlar protsessor tomonidan tezkor ishlov berish uchun saqlanadi.
- Doimiy xotira (Hard disk): Ma'lumotlar va dasturlarni uzoq muddatli saqlash uchun ishlatiladi.
- Kirish-chiqish qurilmalari: Klaviatura, sichqoncha, monitor va printerlar kiradi.
Hisoblash tizimlari bu - …
Hisoblash tizimlari (HT) – ma'lumotlarni qayta ishlashni amalga oshiradigan bitta yoki bir nechta kompyuterlar (hisoblash mashinalari), tashqi qurilmalar va dasturlar to’plamidir.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Protsessor (cpu): Hisoblash mashinasining asosiy qismi bo'lib, barcha hisob-kitoblarni bajaradi va kompyuterning boshqaruv markazi hisoblanadi. Xotira (ram)
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Inshootlarda va tomoshabinlar uchun qurilmalardagi yong„in xavfsizligi

80
hovlisining mavjudligi yer uchastkasining rejaviy tashkil etilishidagi o„ziga xos
xususiyat hisoblanadi.
Yuqorida sanab o„tilgan tomoshalar ko„rsatishga mo„ljallangan binolarning
har bir turini loyihalashtirishda hajmiy-rejali, funksional yechimlarni, va shu
bilan birga, badiiylikni ta‟minlashga qaratilgan asosiy vazifa hisoblanuvchi
tomoshabinlar kompleksi va qolgan xonalarning oqilona va eng maqbul
mujassamligining tanlashdan iboratdir. Masalan, kinoteatr xonalari uchta guruhga
bo„linadi:
- tomoshabinlar kompleksi;
- kinoapparatlar xonasi;
- xizmat-xo„jalik xonalari.
Teatrlarning xonalari tomoshabinlar va sahna qismlaridan, sirklarniki –
tomoshabinlar va ishlab chiqarish xonalaridan, klublardagi xonalar esa –
tomoshabinlar va klub faoliyatini yuritish bilan bog„liq xonalar guruhidan
iborat.Tomosha ko„rsatishga mo„ljallangan binolarning har bir turi uchun xos
bo„lgan xususiyatlar haqida qisqacha to„xtalib o„tamiz.
Muzeyning funksional-rejaviy tuzilmasi

103
Bunday tadbirlar muzeyning ekspozitsiya imkoniyatlarini oshirib, tashrif
buyuruvchilarning yangi toifalarini jalb qilishga yordam beradi. Ko„rgazma
o„tkazishning ikkita asosiy shaklidan foydalaniladi: muzey ichida va ko„chma
ko„rgazmalar – bunda maxsus ko„rgazma zallari va transport vositalari bo„lishi
talab etiladi. Ko„rgazma zallariga qo„yiladigan asosiy talablar:
-
vestibyulga yaqinlik, boshqa xonalar orqali o„tmasdan, bemalol kirish
imkoniyati;
- fazoviy va badiiy yechimlarning neytralligi;
- oson va tez transformatsiya (o„zgartirish) imkoniyati.
Zallar qoshida ko„rgazma uskunalarini va inventar saqlash uchun xonalarni
ko„zda tutilishi, fond saqlanadigan xonalarda ko„chma ko„rgazmalar uchun
maxsus xonalarni (imkon qadar chiqish eshigiga yaqin joyda) loyihalashtirish
maqsadga muvofiq hisoblanadi [28].
Madaniy-ma’rifiy ishlar sirasiga ko„rgazmalar, ekskursiyalarni tashkil etish,
leksiyalar, uchrashuvlar, konferensiyalar, kechalar, suhbatlarni o„tkazish,
kinofilmlarni namoyish qilish, to„garaklar faoliyatini yuritish kabilar kiradi. Bu,
o„z navbatida, muzey tuzilmasiga kinolekstion zal, to„garaklar uchun xonalar,
shuningdek universal maydonlar kiritilishini shartlab beradi.
Madaniyatlararo muloqot tomonga umumiy burilish ro„y berayotgan, muzey
binolari esa universal san‟at markazlariga aylanib borayotgan hozirgi sharoitlarda
muzeylar uchuntarkibida boshqa funksional vazifalar uchun mo„ljallangan
binolarga xos bo„lgan xonalarning bo„lishi tabiiy holdek qabul qilinmoqda.
Masalan, ba‟zi muzeylarda o„quv ustaxonalari, tomosha zallari, mediatekalar
loyihalashtirilayapti.
Kolleksiyalarni saqlash ekspozitsiya zallari va muzey
fondlarida eksponatlarni saqlash bo„yicha tadbirlardan iborat. Saqlash
eksponatlarning turlari bo„yicha tashkil qilinadi. Eksponatlar konservatsiyasi va
restavratsiyasi ishning asosiy qismi hisoblanadi. Muzeyning kattaligi va
ahamiyatiga bog„liq tarzda bitta restavratsiya ustaxonasi yoki ustaxonalar va
laboratoriya kompleksi ko„zda tutilishi mumkin. Bir nechta muzeylarga tegishli
fondlar markazlashtirilgan sharoitlar uchun fondlar saqlanadigan maxsus
omborlar, ustaxonalar va laboratoriyalarning bazaviy markazini tashkil etish
maqsadga muvofiqdir.
Yozgi teatrlar sxemalari - O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent arxitektura...

98
X BOB. MUZEY VA KO„RGAZMA BINOLARI
10.1. Umumiy holatlar
Eksponatlarni saqlash va tashrif buyuruvchilarga xizmat ko‘rsatish
muzeylar faoliyatining asosini tashkil qilib, xonalar tuzilmasi, tarkibi va
maydonini belgilab beradi. Muzeylarni loyihalashda
ikkita asosiy texnologik
oqim – tashrif buyuruvchilar marshruti va eksponatlar hamda xodimlar
harakatlanishi yo„llarini – masimal ajratish prinsipi amalga oshirilishi lozim.
Muzey faoliyati yo„nalishini binoning murakkab hajmiy-rejali tuzilmasi
belgilab berdi. Xonalarning o„zaro bog„liqligi tashrif buyuruvchilar va muzey
xodimlari oqimlarining intensivligi va muntazamligi
bilan tavsiflanadi va
quyidagi asosiy variantlarda berilishi mumkin: xonalar va intensiv oqimlar
o„rtasidagi doimiy bog„liqlik ular o„zaro yaqin va qulay, yo„llarning boshqa
oqimlar bilan kesishishini istisno qilgan holda joylashishini talab qiladi: bu,
birinchi
navbatda, vestibyul-ekspozitsiya zallari guruhi va ekspozitsiya zallari
guruhi ichidagi bog„lanishlarga taalluqlidir;
- xonalarning intensiv oqimlar bilan kam sonli bog„liklar, bunda asosiy
maqsad boshqa intensiv oqimlar bilan kesishishga yo„l qo„ymaslikdan
iborat
bo„lib, xonalarga qulay tarzda kirish-chiqish imkonyatlari ham ko„zda tutiladi;
- xonalar va kam sonli harakatlanishlar o„rtasidagi doimiy bog„liqlik,
bunda ular qulay va yaqin joylashishini talab qilinadi; oqimlarning kesishishi
muhim
ahamiyatga emas; bu kabi bog„lanish fondlar saqlanadigan xona,
fotolaboratoriya va ustaxonalar, ekspozitsiya zallari,
dam olish joylari,
ma‟muriyat xonalari o„rtasida bo„lishi kerak;
- kam sonli va epizodik harakatlanishlar istalgan xonalar guruhlari
o„rtasida yuzaga kelishi mumkin, lekin ular asosiy xonalarning o„zaro
joylashuviga ta‟sir o„tkazmaydi.
Ko’tarish, tashish va qarash ishlari texnologik jarayoni

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Ko’tarish, tashish va qarash ishlari texnologik jarayoniBog'liq avtomabillar texnik ekspluatasiyasi4.Ko’tarish, tashish va qarash ishlari texnologik jarayoni.
ATK da JT ishlari texnologik
jarayonini tashkil qilish texnik, texnologik va hisobga oluvchi hujjatlarni tayyorlash (ta’mirlash
texnologik haritalari, ajratish-yig’ish ishlari haritalari) hamda, ish joylarini tashkil qilish ishlarini
o’z ichiga oladi.
Ko’tarish, qarash va tashish jihozlari JT va TXK da ishlatilib ular avtomobillarga har
tomondan (ustidan, tagidan, yonidan) XK va T ga imkon yaratadi va ish unumini oshiradi.
Avtomobillarga TXK ishlarining 40-50 % tagidan, 10-20 % yonidan va 40-45 % ustidan bajariladi.
Ko’tarish, qarash va tashish jihozlari ish unumini oshiribgina qolmay balki, uning sifatini
oshirishga ham imkon yaratadi.
Asosiy ko’tarish, qarash va tashish jihozlarga ko’rish ariqchalari, ko’targichlar, konveyrlar
va estakadalar, yordamchilarga esa damkratlar, ag’dargichlar va har xil shu kabi jihozlar kiradi.
TXK va JT ishlarini bajarish asosan ishchilarni tik turgan holda ishlashini talab etadi.
Ko’rish ariqchalari
: ular eng ko’p tarqalgan universal ko’rish tuzilmalari bo’lib,
avtomobillarga ustidan, yonidan va tagidan xizmat ko’rsatish uchun imkon yaratadi. Ko’rish
ariqchalari bilan boshi berk, boshi ochiq ishchi postlari va oqimli qatorlar jihozlanadi. Ular ensiz va
enli bo’lishi mumkin.
Ensiz deb, ariqchalarning eni avtomobil enidan kam bo’lsa, enli deb avtomobil enidan ko’p
bo’lsa tushiniladi.
Ko’rish ariqchalari tuzilish avtomobillarni turiga bog’liq bo’lib, uzunligi avtomobil
uzunligidan (engil avtomobillar uchun 1.4-1.5m, yuk avtomobillar va avtobuslar uchun 1.2-1.3 m)
uzun bo’ladi. Eni esa avtobus va yuk avtomobili uchun 0.9-1.1 m, engil avtomobillar uchun 0.8 m
bo’ladi. Ko’rish ariqchalariga kuchlanishli yoritgichlar (42 V) o’rnatiladi va ularni harorati 16-25°S
bo’lgan, har 1 metr uzunlikka 200 m.kub/soat hajmidagi,tezligi 2-2,5 m/s va yo’nalishi 45° burchak
ostida bo’lgan havo bilan shamollatib turilishi kerak. Chiqindi gazlarni chiqarish uchun maxsus
trubalar o’rnatiladi.
Ko’rish ariqchalari, ularda bajariladigan ish turiga qarab ko’targichlar, harakatlanuvchi
voronkalar, moy quyish qurilmalari bilan jihozlanadi.
Ensiz ko’rish ariqchalari yoriq emasligi, hamda baozi bir agregatlarni echish va
o’rnatishning qiyinligi, enli ariqchalar ko’p joy egallashi kabi kamchiliklardan ham holi emasdir.
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Tema: Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin XIV-XV a’sirlerdegi social-ekonimikaliq turmisi

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Tema: Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin XIV-XV a’sirlerdegi social-ekonimikaliq turmisi
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bet | 14/18 | Sana | 16.07.2024 | Hajmi | 14,24 Mb. | | #267707 |
Bog'liq ROZA PQJ @023Tema: Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin XIV-XV a’sirlerdegi social-ekonimikaliq turmisi
Reje:
1.Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin’ payda boliwi
2.XIV-XV a’sirlerde Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin’ social-ekonomikaliq turmisi
3. XIV-XV a’sirlerde Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin’ sirtqi siyasati
Tayanish tu’sinikler: Seljuqiyler ma’mleketi, Usman biyligi, yanichar, etnogenez, Konstantinopol, Istanbul, tumari, seljuqiyler ma’deniyati, “Jildirim”, Anqara sawashi, iqta, Usman biyligi, uyg’ir etnosi,
AQILIY HU’JIM
Metod oqiwshi (student)lerde tema boyinsha ken’ ha’m ha’r ta’repleme pikir ju’ritiw, o’z usinislarin, idealarinan paydalaniwg’a tiyisli ko’nlikpe, ta’jiriybelerdi payda qiliwg’a ja’rdemlesedi. Aqiliy hu’jimnin’ tiykarg’I maqseti bul pikir ha’m idealardi generaciyalawdan ibarat ha’m bul toparda diskussiyani payda etiwi mu’mkin. Ol arqali sho’lkemlestirilgen shinig’iwlarda temag’a tiyisli ba’sekili ma’seleler boyinsha bir neshe original (o’zine ta’n) sheshimlerdi tabiw imkaniyati payda boladi. Aqiliy hu’jimnin’ qatnasiwshilarinan ko’rip shig’ilip atirg’an tema boyinsha arnawli bilimge iye boliw talap etiledi.
SORAWLAR
1. Seljuqiyler ma’mleketi qashan ha’m qayjerde payda bolg’an?
2.Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinin’ aymaqliq shegarasi haqqinda mag’liwmat berin’?
3.Seljuqiyler ma’mleketi sultan Bayaziddin’ da’wirindegi social-ekonomikaliq turmisi qanday bolg’an?
4.Seljuqiyler ma’mleketinde socialliq du’zim qanday bolg’an?
5.Usmaniyler ma’mleketi qashan ha’m qayjerde sho’lkemlestirilgen?
6.Usmaniyler ma’mleketi basqariw sistemasi qanday bolg’an?
7.Seljuqiyler imperiyasinin’ Balkandag’i basqinshiliqlari haqqinda aytip o’tin’?
8.Usmanli tu’rklerdin’ jen’isin ta’miynlegen faktorlar haqqinda aytin?
9.Usmaniyler imperiyasinin’ ilim pa’n wa’killeri kimler ?
10. Itanbul qashannan berli Usmaniyler imperiyasinin’ paytaxti bolip kelmekte?
11.Seljuqiyler imperiyasi ha’m Amir Temur mu’nasibetleri haqqinda aytin?
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HOW TO AUTOMATE A HABIT AND NEVER THINK ABOUT IT

HOW TO AUTOMATE A HABIT AND NEVER THINK ABOUT IT AGAIN John Henry Patterson was born in Dayton, Ohio, in 1844. He spent his
childhood doing chores on the family farm and working shifts at his father’s
sawmill. After attending college at Dartmouth, Patterson returned to Ohio
and opened a small supply store for coal miners.
It seemed like a good opportunity. The store faced little competition and
enjoyed a steady stream of customers, but still struggled to make money.
That was when Patterson discovered his employees were stealing from him.
In the mid-1800s, employee theft was a common problem. Receipts were
kept in an open drawer and could easily be altered or discarded. There were
no video cameras to review behavior and no software to track transactions.
Unless you were willing to hover over your employees every minute of the
day, or to manage all transactions yourself, it was difficult to prevent theft.
As Patterson mulled over his predicament, he came across an
advertisement for a new invention called Ritty’s Incorruptible Cashier.
Designed by fellow Dayton resident James Ritty, it was the first cash
register. The machine automatically locked the cash and receipts inside after
each transaction. Patterson bought two for fifty dollars each.
Employee theft at his store vanished overnight. In the next six months,
Patterson’s business went from losing money to making $5,000 in profit—
the equivalent of more than $100,000 today.
Patterson was so impressed with the machine that he changed
businesses. He bought the rights to Ritty’s invention and opened the
National Cash Register Company. Ten years later, National Cash Register
had over one thousand employees and was on its way to becoming one of
the most successful businesses of its time.
The best way to break a bad habit is to make it impractical to do.
Increase the friction until you don’t even have the option to act. The
brilliance of the cash register was that it automated ethical behavior by
making stealing practically impossible. Rather than trying to change the
employees, it made the preferred behavior automatic.
Some actions—like installing a cash register—pay off again and again.
These onetime choices require a little bit of effort up front but create
increasing value over time. I’m fascinated by the idea that a single choice
can deliver returns again and again, and I surveyed my readers on their
favorite onetime actions that lead to better long-term habits. The table on
the following page shares some of the most popular answers.
I’d wager that if the average person were to simply do half of the
onetime actions on this list—even if they didn’t give another thought to
their habits—most would find themselves living a better life a year from
now. These onetime actions are a straightforward way to employ the 3rd
Law of Behavior Change. They make it easier to sleep well, eat healthy, be
productive, save money, and generally live better.
Tomoshabinlar kompleksidagi xonalar o„zaro bog„lanishining umumiy funksional-rejali sxemasi

87
Kolosnikli chuqur sahna turlarining sxemalari:
a – yon sahna maydonchalari bilan; b – old sahnasi kattalashtirilgan; v –tomosha zali yoki
sahnada devorlaridagi o‘yin derezalari bilan; g – zaldagi o‘yin balkonlari va galereyalari
bilan; d, e – markaziy sahnaga transformatsiyalanadigan kolosnikli chuqur sahna.
Ikkita cho„ntakli va arersahnasi bo„lgan kolosnikli chuqur sahna tuzilishining sxemalari.
Sahna kengligi aktyorlar o„ynaydigan
maydon yoki portalhamda
kulisalarning yon tomonlarini bezaklashda qo„llaniladigan maxsus qurilmalar,
hajmli dekoratsiyalar,
aktyorlar turadigan, chiroq jihozlari o„rnatiladigan joylar
kengligidan tashkil topadi. Odatda, sahna kengligi portal teshigi kengligidan
kamida 2 baravarga kattaroq bo„lishi lozim.
Sahna chuqurligi, odatda, portal
kengligidan 1,5 martaga kattaroq bo„ladi.
dopamine is released not only when you experience pleasure

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dopamine is released not only when you experience pleasureBog'liq atomic-habitsdopamine is released not only when you experience pleasure
: Wolfram Schultz, “Neuronal
Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data,” Physiological Reviews 95, no. 3
(2015), doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014, fig. 8; Fran Smith, “How Science Is Unlocking the
Secrets of Addiction,” National Geographic, September 2017,
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/09/the-addicted-brain
.
whenever dopamine rises, so does your motivation
: Dopamine compels you to seek, explore, and
take action: “Dopamine-energized, this mesolimbic SEEKING system, arising from the
ventral tegmental area (VTA), encourages foraging, exploration, investigation, curiosity,
interest and expectancy. Dopamine fires each time the rat (or human) explores its
environment. . . . I can look at the animal and tell when I am tickling its SEEKING system
because it is exploring and sniffing.” For more, see Karin Badt, “Depressed? Your
‘SEEKING’ System Might Not Be Working: A Conversation with Neuroscientist Jaak
Panksepp,” Huffington Post, December 6, 2017,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/karin-
badt/depressed-your-seeking-sy_b_3616967.html
.
the reward system that is activated in the brain
: Wolfram Schultz, “Multiple Reward Signals in
the Brain,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 1, no. 3 (2000), doi:10.1038/35044563.
100 percent of the nucleus accumbens is activated during wanting
: Kent Berridge, conversation
with author, March 8, 2017.
Byrne hacked his stationary bike
: Hackster Staff, “Netflix and Cycle!,” Hackster, July 12, 2017,
https://blog.hackster.io/netflix-and-cycle-1734d0179deb
.
“eliminating obesity one Netflix binge at a time”
: “Cycflix: Exercise Powered Entertainment,”
Roboro, July 8, 2017,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nc0irLB-iY
.
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EXAMPLES OF HABIT SHAPING

clothes away so he could focus on writing, he was creating a commitment
device.
*
There are many ways to create a commitment device. You can reduce
overeating by purchasing food in individual packages rather than in bulk
size. You can voluntarily ask to be added to the banned list at casinos and
online poker sites to prevent future gambling sprees. I’ve even heard of
athletes who have to “make weight” for a competition choosing to leave
their wallets at home during the week before weigh-in so they won’t be
tempted to buy fast food.
As another example, my friend and fellow habits expert Nir Eyal
purchased an outlet timer, which is an adapter that he plugged in between
his internet router and the power outlet. At 10 p.m. each night, the outlet
timer cuts off the power to the router. When the internet goes off, everyone
knows it is time to go to bed.
Commitment devices are useful because they enable you to take
advantage of good intentions before you can fall victim to temptation.
Whenever I’m looking to cut calories, for example, I will ask the waiter to
split my meal and box half of it to go
before the meal is served. If I waited
until the meal came out and told myself “I’ll just eat half,” it would never
work.
The key is to change the task such that it requires more work to get
out
of the good habit than to get started on it. If you’re feeling motivated to get
in shape, schedule a yoga session and pay ahead of time. If you’re excited
about the business you want to start, email an entrepreneur you respect and
set up a consulting call. When the time comes to act, the only way to bail is
to cancel the meeting, which requires effort and may cost money.
Commitment devices increase the odds that you’ll do the right thing in
the future by making bad habits difficult in the present. However, we can do
even better. We can make good habits inevitable and bad habits impossible.
neurological processes behind craving and desire

Anhedonia Hypotheses of Dopamine Function,”
Behavioral Neuroscience 103, no. 1 (1989),
doi:10.1037//0735–7044.103.1.36.
the mice developed a craving so strong
: Ross A. Mcdevitt et al., “Serotonergic versus
Nonserotonergic Dorsal Raphe Projection Neurons: Differential Participation in Reward
Circuitry,”
Cell Reports 8, no. 6 (2014), doi:10.1016/j.cel rep.2014.08.037.
the average slot machine player
: Natasha Dow Schüll,
Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in
Las Vegas (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), 55.
Habits are a dopamine-driven feedback loop
: I first heard the term
dopamine-driven feedback loop
from Chamath Palihapitiya. For more, see “Chamath Palihapitiya, Founder and CEO Social
Capital, on Money as an Instrument of Change,” Stanford Graduate School of Business,
November 13, 2017,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMotykw0SIk
.
dopamine . . . plays a central role in many neurological processes
: Researchers later discovered
that endorphins and opioids were responsible for pleasure responses. For more, see V. S.
Chakravarthy, Denny Joseph, and Raju S. Bapi, “What Do the Basal Ganglia Do? A Modeling
Perspective,”
Biological Cybernetics 103, no. 3 (2010), doi:10.1007/s00422–010–0401-y.
participants commonly mentioned how much they liked it.” The soap

We are more likely to repeat a behavior when the experience is
satisfying. This is entirely logical. Feelings of pleasure—even minor ones
like washing your hands with soap that smells nice and lathers well—are
signals that tell the brain: “This feels good. Do this again, next time.”
Pleasure teaches your brain that a behavior is worth remembering and
repeating.
Take the story of chewing gum. Chewing gum had been sold
commercially throughout the 1800s, but it wasn’t
until Wrigley launched in
1891 that it became a worldwide habit. Early versions were made from
relatively bland resins—chewy, but not tasty. Wrigley revolutionized the
industry by adding flavors like Spearmint and Juicy Fruit, which made the
product flavorful and fun to use. Then they went a step further and began
pushing chewing gum as a pathway to a clean mouth. Advertisements told
readers to “Refresh Your Taste.”
Tasty flavors and the feeling of a fresh mouth
provided little bits of
immediate reinforcement and made the product satisfying to use.
Consumption skyrocketed, and Wrigley became the largest chewing gum
company in the world.
Toothpaste had a similar trajectory. Manufacturers enjoyed great success
when they added flavors like spearmint, peppermint, and cinnamon to their
products. These flavors don’t improve the effectiveness of toothpaste. They
simply create a “clean mouth” feel and make
the experience of brushing
your teeth more pleasurable. My wife actually stopped using Sensodyne
because she didn’t like the aftertaste. She switched to a brand with a
stronger mint flavor, which proved to be more satisfying.
Conversely, if an experience is not satisfying, we have little reason to
repeat it. In my research, I came across the
story of a woman who had a
narcissistic relative who drove her nuts. In an attempt to spend less time
with this egomaniac, she acted as dull and as boring as possible whenever
he was around. Within a few encounters,
he started avoiding
her because he
found her so uninteresting.
Stories like these are evidence of the Cardinal Rule of Behavior Change:
What is rewarded is repeated. What is punished is avoided. You learn what
to do in the future based on what you were rewarded for doing (or punished
for doing) in the past. Positive emotions cultivate habits.
Negative emotions
destroy them.
The first three laws of behavior change—
make it obvious, make it
attractive, and
make it easy—increase the odds that a behavior will be
performed
this time. The fourth law of behavior change—
make it satisfying
—increases the odds that a behavior will be repeated
next time. It completes
the habit loop.
But there is a trick. We are not looking for just any type of satisfaction.
We are looking for immediate satisfaction.
showing addicts a picture of cocaine for just thirty-three milliseconds

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showing addicts a picture of cocaine for just thirty-three millisecondsBog'liq atomic-habitsshowing addicts a picture of cocaine for just thirty-three milliseconds
: Fran Smith, “How
Science Is Unlocking the Secrets of Addiction,” National Geographic, September 2017,
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/09/the-addicted-brain
.
CHAPTER 8
Niko Tinbergen performed a series of experiments
: Nikolaas Tinbergen, The Herring Gull’s World
(London: Collins, 1953); “Nikolaas Tinbergen,” New World Encyclopedia,
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nikolaas_Tinbergen
, last modified September
30, 2016.
the goose will pull any nearby round object
: James L. Gould, Ethology: The Mechanisms and
Evolution of Behavior (New York: Norton, 1982), 36–41.
the modern food industry relies on stretching
: Steven Witherly, Why Humans Like Junk Food
(New York: IUniverse, 2007).
Nearly every food in a bag
: “Tweaking Tastes and Creating Cravings,” 60 Minutes, November 27,
2011.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7Wh3uq1yTc
.
French fries . . . are a potent combination
: Steven Witherly, Why Humans Like Junk Food (New
York: IUniverse, 2007).
such strategies enable food scientists to find the “bliss point”
: Michael Moss, Salt, Sugar, Fat:
How the Food Giants Hooked Us (London: Allen, 2014).
“We’ve gotten too good at pushing our own buttons”
: This quote originally appeared in Stephan
Guyenet, “Why Are Some People ‘Carboholics’?” July 26, 2017,
http://www.stephanguyenet.com/why-are-some-people-carboholics
. The adapted version is
given with permission granted in an email exchange with the author in April 2018.
The importance of dopamine
: “The importance of dopamine was discovered by accident. In 1954,
James Olds and Peter Milner, two neuroscientists at McGill University, decided to implant an
electrode deep into the center of a rat’s brain. The precise placement of the electrode was
largely happenstance; at the time, the geography of the mind remained a mystery. But Olds
and Milner got lucky. They inserted the needle right next to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a
part of the brain that generates pleasurable feelings. Whenever you eat a piece of chocolate
cake, or listen to a favorite pop song, or watch your favorite team win the World Series, it is
your NAcc that helps you feel so happy. But Olds and Milner quickly discovered that too
much pleasure can be fatal. They placed the electrodes in several rodents’ brains and then ran
a small current into each wire, making the NAccs continually excited. The scientists noticed
that the rodents lost interest in everything. They stopped eating and drinking. All courtship
behavior ceased. The rats would just huddle in the corners of their cages, transfixed by their
bliss. Within days, all of the animals had perished. They died of thirst. For more, see Jonah
Lehrer, How We Decide (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009).
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Universal tipdagi bank xonalarining funksional zonalashtirishi sxemasi

73
VIII BOB. SPORT INSHOOTLARI
8.1. Sport inshootlarining klassifikatsiyasi
Sport inshootlari quyidagi turlarga bo„linadi:
- ochiq va yopiq;
- yozgi va qishki;
- hajmli va yassi;
- universal va ixtisoslashtirilgan.
Asosiy vazifasiga ko‘ra:
- o„quv mashg„ulotlari va
mashqlar uchun;
- namoyishlar uchun;
- jismoniy tarbiya-sog„lomlashtirish uchun;
- bolalar sporti uchun ixtisoslashtirilgan inshootlariga ajratiladi.
Shaharsozlik alomati bo„yicha aholi yashaydigan hududda aholiga xizmat
ko„rsatishning bosqichma-bosqich prinsipiga
muvofiq sport inshootlari
umumshahar, tumanlararo, mikrotuman inshootlariga ajratiladi. Undan tashqari,
sanoat, shahar atrofi va ko„kalamzorlashtirilgan zonalardagi sport inshootlari ham
bo„lishi mumkin.
Tekis
ochiq sport inshootlari qatoriga quyidagilar kiradi:
- sport inshootining markaziy yadrosi (asosi);
- stadion;
- sport o„yinlari uchun maydonchalar:
- badminton uchun 15x8 m;
- basketbol uchun 28x16 m;
- voleybol uchun 24x15 m;
- gorodki uchun 30x15 m;
- tennis uchun 40x20 m;
- yengil atlektika va konkida yugurish uchun yo„lakchalar.
Sport inshootining markaziy yadrosi – atrofi yengil atletika yo„lakchasi
bilan o„ralgan sport o„yinlari uchun maydon. Yugurish yo„lakchasi
sektorlarida
yoki uning to„g„ri uchastkalarining tashqi perimetridan tashqarida sakrash va
sport snaryadlarini uloqtirish sektorlari joylashtiriladi.
Stadion – o„quv mashg„ulotlari, mashqlar va sport musobaqalarini o„tkazish
kabi murakkab funksiyalarga
ega sport kompleksi; uning tarkibiga quyidagilar
kiradi: tomoshabinlar uchun o„rinlari bo„lgan sport yadrosi, sport o„yinlari uchun
maydonchalar, har xil sport turlari uchun yordamchi
hududlar va xonalarga ega
ochiq va yopiq sport inshootlari. Ochiq sport inshootlarini loyihalashda sport
yadrosi
va stadioni maydoni, shuningdek sport o„yinlari uchun mo„ljallangan
74
maydonchalarning bo„ylama o„qi janubdan shimolga yo„naltirilishiga qat‟iy rioya
qilish zarur.
Yopiq sport inshootlari:
- sport zallari (tomoshabinlar uchun o„rinlarsiz) va sport korpuslari;
- yopiq tennis kortlari;
- yopiq basseynlar;
- yaxmalaklar;
- sport saroylari;
- yopiq stadionlar;
- tirlar.
Klub binolari - O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent arxitektura qurilish instituti...

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- sport zali;
- raqs zali;
- dam olish xonalari.
Ko„p funksionallik, ikki qismga bo„linganlik,
moslashuvchan tarzda
rejalashtirilganlik, ikkala qismining alohida faoliyat ko„rsata olishi klublar
arxitekturasining o„ziga xos tipologik jihatlaridan biridir. Ana shu o„ziga xos
xususiyatlar klublarni jamiyatning ijtimoiy hayotida doimo zarur va talab etilgan
hamda ommabop jamoat binolari sifatida e‟tirof etilishiga xizmat qiladilar. Ko„p
funksiyali bino sifatida zamonaviy klubga quyidagi tipologik jihatlar xos:
- ijtimoiy nuqtai nazardan bu binolar, birinchi navbatda,
odamlarning
o„zaro muloqot qiladigan joyi hisoblanadilar;
- funksional dasturda, klub faoliyati bilan bog„liq xonalardan tashqari, ofis,
savdo do„konlari, axborot markazi, restoranlar ham bo„lishi lozim;
- ichki va tashqi kommunikatsiyalarga alohida e‟tibor berilishi lozim;
- kompozitsion jihatdan ikkita yondoshuv yaqqol ko„zga tashlanadi:
kompleksning ko„p funksiyali elementlari avtonom tarzda mavjud bo„lishini
ta‟minlovchi rivojlangan ko„p hajmli kompozitsiya; barcha xonalarni
joylashtirishdagi yaqqol vertikal zonalashning ustuvorligi;
- aksariyat
hollarda sfera, parallelopiped, piramida kabi “toza” geometrik
shakllarga murojaat qilinishi;
- tashqi kompozitsiya rejalashtirish tuzilmasi orqali ifodalanishi;
- bo„shliqlardan samarali foydalanish;
- badiiy obrazning yuqori darajadagi ifodalilikni va ramziylikni ta‟minlab
berishi.
Bugungi kunda klub binolarining yangi turi – ishbilarmonlar klubi –
shakllanmoqda. Ishbilarmonlar klubi madaniy hordiq chiqarish maskani sifatida
o„zining ikki asosiy: ishbilarmonlar uchun dam olish va o„zaro muloqot muhitini
yaratish funksiyalarini mujassamlashtirish natijasida shakllanadi.
Shunday qilib,
bu turdagi klub binolarining tarkibida, tomoshalarni namoyish qilish va an‟anaviy
klub faoliyatidan tashqari, ishbilarmonlik bilan bog„liq faoliyat uchun xonalar
zonasi ham ko„zda tutiladi. Bunday zonalarda ofis xonalari guruhi, muzokaralar
uchun alohida xonalar,
majlislar zali, shuningdek universal vazifali bir qator
xonalar loyihalashtiriladi.
Kollektiv bilimlardan - Oliy va o’rta mahsus ta’lim vazirligi

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Oliy va o’rta mahsus ta’lim vazirligi
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bet | 180/217 | Sana | 15.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,85 Mb. | | #236153 |
Bog'liq Raqamli iqtisodiyot-Darslik-18.02.2020Kollektiv bilimlardan foydalangan holda innovatsion g’oyalarni generatsiya qilish (mass collaboration, kraudsorsing), mahsulot va hizmatlar ishlab chiqarish, yangi innvovatsion loyihalarni moliyalashtirsh (kraudfunding).
Internet tizimi tufayli va biznes uchun yangi imkoniyatlar hosil bo’lishi rivojlangan mamlakatlar YIM da hizmatlar ulushining ancha oshib ketishiga olib keladi. Komp’yuterlar paydo bo’lishi bilan informatsion inqilob boshlandi va insonlar information texnologiyalarga asoslangan ko’plab hizmatlarni faol ravishda iste’mol qila boshladilar. Masalan, 1992 yilda tarmoqqa bir million komp’yuter ulangan bo’lsa, 1996 yilda bu miqdor 10 millionga yetdi, 2009 yilda esa bir milliard inson internetga ulandi. 2015 yilda internet foydalanuvchilari soni 3 milliardga yetdi. Informatsion texnologiyalar borgan sari ko’proq yangi hizmatlar turlarining paydo
bo’lishiga sabab bo’layapti va huddi shuning uchun ham rivojlangan davlatlar YIM da hizmatlarning ulushi 70% dan ortib ketdi (AQSH, Angliya, Frantsiya, Germaniya va boshqalar).
Moddiy boyliklarni birgalikda iste’mol qilish imkoniyatlari (Sharing Economy) jamiyatning ko’pchilika’zolarida moddiy boyliklarga egalik qilishga bo’lgan munosabatni o’zgartirib yubordi. Masalan, rivojlangan mamlakatlardagi ko’pchlik yoshlar o’zlari uchun hususiy mulk sotib olish va unga egalik qilishga katta qiziqish bildirmayaptilar. Chunki ular uchun ko’proq hayotiy erkinlik, ma’naviy hatti-harakatlar erkinligi va hissiyotlarga berilish, dunyo mamlakatlariga sayohatlar, ekologik turizm tadbirlari ko’proq ahamiyatga ega bo’lib qoldi.
Iste’molchilarda mahsulot yoki hizmat haqida fikr hosil qilishda ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning ahamiyati tobora oshib borishi. Chunki hozirgi kunlarda ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda ishlash va muloqot qilish barcha yoshlar hayotining ajralmas qismi bo’lib qolgani hech kimga sir emas.
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Turli xil implantlar va kiberprotezlarni ishlabchiqaruvchilar

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Turli xil implantlar va kiberprotezlarni ishlabchiqaruvchilar
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bet | 177/217 | Sana | 15.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,85 Mb. | | #236153 |
Bog'liq Raqamli iqtisodiyot-Darslik-18.02.2020Turli xil implantlar va kiberprotezlarni ishlabchiqaruvchilar – insonning tirik to’qimalari bilan mos keladigan sun’iy qurilmalar – kiberprotezlar ishlab chiqaradilar hamda ularning inson uchun qulayligi masala va muammolari bilan shug’ullanadilar.
Neyrointerfeyslarni ishlab chiqaruvchilar – inson miyaning faolligini aniqlab beradigan va inson miyasi hamda tashqi qurilmalar bilan ma’lumot almashinishga imkon beradigan aloqa tizimlari yaratish bilan shug’ulanadi. Masalan, ular neyroprotezlar ishlab chiqaradilar, VR-neyro bosh kiyimlari yaratadilar, insonning miyasi orqali boshqarila olinadigan maishiy qurilmalar yaratish bilan shug’ullanadilar.
Raqamli logistika bo’yicha mutaxassislar – mahsulot yetkazib beruvchilarning zanjirlarida resurslarni optimallashtirish va qo’shimcha qiymat yaratish uchun innovatsion yechimlar ishlab chiqadilar va ularni hayoga tadbiq etadilar.
Tirik to’qimalar yaratish bo’yicha muhandislar – keyinchalik transplantastya qilish uchun mo’ljallanilgan tirik funktsional to’qimalarni yaratish, ularni tekshirish va sinovdan o’tkazish masalalari bilan shug’ullanadilar.
Raqamli marketolog (e-marketing bo’yicha mutaxassislar) – auditoriya bilan raqamli kanallar orqali, shu jumladan, internet, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, raqamli telebideniy, ijtimoiy media va turli hildagi raqamli qurilmalar orqali muloqot qilgan holda mahsulotlar va hizmatlarni faol ravishda reklama qiladi.
Ijtimoiy va mobil marketing (social and mobile marketing) bo’yicha mutaxassislar – huddi shu sohalar bo’yicha turli hildagi loyihalarni rivojlantirish va hayotga tadbiq qilish bilan shug’ullanadi, shu jumladan, ijtimoiy marketing, mobil ilovalar, mobil marketing va boshqalar.
Aqlli texnologiyalar bo’yicha mutaxassislar – inson hayotining barcha sohalariga taalluqli bo’lgan barcha turdagi aqlli texnologiyalar bilan shug’ullanadi, shu jumladan, aqlli uy, aqlli shahar, aqlli transport, fitness brasletlar, smartfonlar, intellektual o’yin konsollari, aqlli soatlar, aqlli qishloq ho’jaligi va boshqalar.
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