nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Interpretator - Jizzax Davlat Pedagogika Universiteti ikkinchi ta`lim 3-bosqich, Matematika va informatika yo`nalishi...

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Jizzax Davlat Pedagogika Universiteti ikkinchi ta`lim 3-bosqich, Matematika va informatika yo`nalishi 100-22-guruh talabasi Ergasheva Zeboning Dasturlash tillari fanidan bajargan amaliy topshirig`i
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bet | 4/6 | Sana | 13.02.2024 | Hajmi | 0,55 Mb. | | #155576 |
Bog'liq Dasturlash tillari. 1-topshiriq.100-22-guruh.Ergasheva Zebo.Interpretator — ham dastur ham jihoz ko'rinishida bo'lishi mumkin. Bu ham kompyuter tiliga o'zgartirib berish vazifasini bajaradi, faqatgina ishlash texnologiyasi boshqacharoqdir. Interpretator, dasturlash tilida yozilgan kodlarni ketma — ket o'qib, mashina tiliga o'zgartirib boradi. Xatolik paydo bo'lsa, o'sha zahoti dasturchiga ma'lum qiladi. Bu ketma — ketlikda o'zgartirish, kompilyatorga nisbatan sekinroq amalga oshiriladi(ba'zi holllarda kompilyatorga qaraganda 50 barobar sekin). Dastur natijasini ko'rish uchun, har safar kodlarni interpretatordan o'tkazish kerak bo'ladi(kompilyatorga o'xshab bir marotaba ob'yekt kod yaratib qo'yib, keyin har doim ishlatishning iloji yo'q). Bundan ko'rinib turibdiki, interpretator asosan saytlar, umumiy holda veb dasturlashda ishlatiladi. Biror saytning yuklanishi jarayni uzunligi, interpretatorda o'zgartirish amalga oshirilishi bilan tushuntirilishi mumkin. Interpretator ishlatadigan dasturlash tillariga PHP, JavaScript, JScript, Basic,… misol bo'la oladi.
1.5 Dasturlash jarayonida dasturchi o'z dasturini yaratish uchun xar hil turdagi kodlar yozadi. Kodlarnining qanday bo'lishi qaysi dasturlash tilidan foydalanib, dastur tuzishga bog'liq bo'ladi. Dasturlash tillaridan C, C++, Java,… .Yozilgan kodlarni kompyuter tushunmaydi, kompyuter tushunishi uchun uchun bu kodlarni kompyuter tushunadigan tilga o'zgartirish lozim. Mana shu vaziyatda yuqoridagi 2 ta termin kerak bo'ladi(kompilyator yoki interpretator).
Kompyuter faqatgina raqamli kodlarni tushunadi, ya'ni 0 yoki 1. Bu 2 son orqali dastur tuzish juda qiyin hisoblanadi(manimcha bunday sonlar orqali dastur tuzuvchilar sanoqli bo'lsa kerak). Shuning uchun, insonlar tushunadigan qilib dasturlash tillari yaratilgan. Ketma-ketlikni tushungandursiz, dasturchi dasturlash tillari orqali kodlar yozadi va bu kodlar kompyuter tushunadigan 0 va 1 sonlariga almashtiriladi va dastur kompyuterda ishlaydi, bu jarayonni kompilyator yoki interpretator amalga oshirib beradi.
Bu ikki termin umumiy holda translyator deyiladi, ya'ni o'zgartirgichlardir. Biror proyektlar qilganda bu 2 o'zgartirgichlar birgalikda ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
Biror dasturlash tili bilan jiddiy shug'ullanmoqchi bo'lsangiz, dastlab siz yozadigan kodlar qay tarzda kompyuter tiliga o'zgartirilishini o'rganib oling. Bu dasturlashning asosi hisoblanadi.
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Jizzax Davlat Pedagogika Universiteti ikkinchi ta`lim 3-bosqich, Matematika va informatika yo`nalishi 100-22-guruh talabasi Ergasheva Zeboning Dasturlash tillari fanidan bajargan amaliy topshirig`i
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Mavzu. Python dasturlash tiliga kirish

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Mavzu. Python dasturlash tiliga kirish
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bet | 5/6 | Sana | 13.02.2024 | Hajmi | 0,55 Mb. | | #155576 |
Bog'liq Dasturlash tillari. 1-topshiriq.100-22-guruh.Ergasheva Zebo.2. Mavzu. Python dasturlash tiliga kirish.
2.1. Python dasturlash tilining yaratilishi, qo’llanilish sohalari.
2.2. Python dasturlash muhitini o’rnatish.
2.3. Python dasturlash muhitining Interfeysi.
2.4. Pythonda ma’lumotlarni kiritish-chiqarish operatorlari, pythonda birinchi dasturni yozish.
2.5. Pythonda izohlar va ularning turlari.
2.1 Python ([ˈpʌɪθ (ə)n] — payton, piton) — turli sohalar uchun yuqori darajadagi umumiy maqsadli dasturlash tili. Uning dizayn falsafasi muhim chekinishdan foydalangan holda kodning oʻqilishiga urgʻu beradi. Uning til konstruksiyalari va obyektga yoʻnaltirilgan yondashuvi dasturchilarga kichik va yirik loyihalar uchun aniq, mantiqiy kod yozishda yordam berishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek Python sunʼiy intellekt hamda maʼlumotlar muhandisiligi sohalarining tili hisoblanadi.
Python deyarli barcha platformalarda ishlay oladi, xususan Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Palm OS, Mac OS va boshqalar shular jumlasidandir. Python Microsoft.NET platformasi uchun yozilgan realizatsiyasi ham mavjud boʻlib, uning nomi — IronPython dasturlash muhitidir.
Guido van Rossum 1980-yillarning oxirida ABC dasturlash tilining davomchisi sifatida Python ustida ishlay boshladi va birinchi marta 1991-yilda Python 0.9.0 versiyasini ommaga eʼlon qildi.
Python dasturlash tiliga boʻlgan talab yildan yilga oshib bormoqda. CodingDojoportalining tadqiqotlariga koʻra, 2020—2021-yillarda aynan Python tilida dasturlovchi mutaxassislarga eng koʻp talab boʻlgan.
2.2 1 - qadam. Pythonni yuklab olish.
Python dasturlash tiling rasmiy sayti python.orgga kiring va Downloads ni bosing. Bunda sizga Operatsion sistemalar uchun kutubxonalar taklif qiladi. hozir biz WINDOWS uchun python dasturlash tilini o'rnatamiz. hozir python-3.6.1-amd64.exe yuklab olamiz.
2 - qadam. Python-3.6.1-amd64.exe fayl.
Yuklagan Python fayli Kompyuteringizda Downloads papkasida tushadi. Uni o'rnatish uchun ustiga ikki marta bosing.
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-qadam. python-3.6.1-amd64.exe o'rnatish

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-qadam. python-3.6.1-amd64.exe o'rnatish
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bet | 6/6 | Sana | 13.02.2024 | Hajmi | 0,55 Mb. | | #155576 |
Bog'liq Dasturlash tillari. 1-topshiriq.100-22-guruh.Ergasheva Zebo.3-qadam. python-3.6.1-amd64.exe o'rnatish.
Install Now buyrug'ini bosing va unutmang Add Python 3.6 to PATH buyrug'ini tanlash esingizdan chiqmasin. Shunday qilib keyingi oynalar quyidagicha ko'rinishda bo'ladi.
Muaffiqiyatli o'rnatib bo'ldik endi siz bilan python muhitini to'g'ri ishlayotganiga ishonch hosil qilamiz. buning uchun START+R ni bosin CMD yozamiz. Hosil bo'lgan oynaga
python36
ni yozamiz. siz to'g'ri o'rnatgan bo'lsangiz quyidagicha oyna hosil bo'ladi.
Python dasturlash tili muhiti muaffiqiyatli o'rnatildi.
2.3 Python Dasturlash Muhitining Interfeysi:
Python interfeysi oddiy va foydalanuvchi-dost. Skriptlar matn muharrir orqali (masalan, IDLE, PyCharm, VSCode) yoki terminal yordamida ishga tushiriladi.
2.4. Python Ma’lumotlarni Kiriting va Chiqarish Operatorlari:
Python dasturlash tilida ma'lumotlar kiritish va chiqarish uchun quyidagi operatorlardan foydalaniladi:
input(): Foydalanuvchidan ma'lumot kiritish uchun ishlatiladi.
print(): Ma'lumotni ekranga chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi.
Masalan:
Python Birinchi Dasturni Yozish:
Quyidagi misol Python tilida birinchi dasturni yozish uchun bo'ladi:
2.5. Python Izohlar va Ular Turlari:
Dasturlashda izohlar kodni tushunishni oshiradi. Izohni kodga qo'shish uchun # belgisidan foydalaniladi. Izohni qo'shish koddagi bir qismini tushunishda va boshqa dasturchilarga tushunarli bo'lishda yordam bera olish uchun juda muhimdir.
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Yuqori darajali dasturlash tillar

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Yuqori darajali dasturlash tillar
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bet | 3/6 | Sana | 13.02.2024 | Hajmi | 0,55 Mb. | | #155576 |
Bog'liq Dasturlash tillari. 1-topshiriq.100-22-guruh.Ergasheva Zebo.1.3 Yuqori darajali dasturlash tillaridagi ko'rsatmalar inson tiliga yaqin bo'lgan so'zlar majmuidan iborat. Ular yordamida amallarni bajarish quyi darajadagilaridan ko'ra yengil bo'lib, biror maxsus ko'rsatma bo'lmasa, dasturchidan adreslar, qurilmalar bilan bevosita bog'liq axborotlarni bilish talab etilmaydi. Bu tilda tuzilgan dasturlarni translyatorlar deb nomlanuvchi maxsus dasturlar kompyuterlar bajara olishi uchun raqamli ko'rinishga o'tkazib beradi. Keyingi yillarda juda ko'p yuqori darajadagi dasturlash tillari yaratilgan bo'lib, ular qatoriga Paskal, dBase, Ada, KARAT, C++, Delphi, Visual Basic va boshqa tillarni qo'shish mumkin. Hozirgi kunda yaratilayotgan dasturlash tillari biror yo'nalishdagi masalalarni hal qilishga mo'ljallangandir. Quyidagi jadvalda dasturlash tili rivojlanishi tarixidan qisqacha ma'lumot berilgan. Shuni ham ta'kidlash kerakki, turli rusumdagi kompyuterlar uchun dasturlash tilining ularga moslashtirilgan naqllari ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ular bu tilning boshlang'ich naqlidan farq qilishi mumkin.
1.4 Kompilyator — murakkab dasturdir, dasturlash tilida yozilgan barcha kodlarni birdaniga ob'yektli kodga o'zgartirib beradi. Ob'yektli kodni yana ikkilik kod yoki mashina kodi deb ham atashadi. Keyinchalik bu ob'yektli kod kompyuterda to'g'ridan to'g'ri ishlatilishi mumkin bo'ladi. Dasturlash tillarida yozilgan kodlar bu ob'yektli kodga ta'sir qilmaydi. Ob'yektli kodni o'zgartirish uchun esa, qaytadan kompilyatsiya qilinib ob'yektli kod o'zgartiriladi. Natija bajariladigan, .exe ko'rinishidagi fayl bo'ladi. Bu faylni bloknotda ochib o'zgartirib bo'lmaydi, ya'ni bu fayl tayyor dastur hisoblanadi. Kompilyatorning kamchiligi sifatida, dasturlash tilidagi ma'lum bir qatorlani alohida tekshirish imkoniyati yo'qligidir, uning uchun ob'yektli kod yaratib, uni ishga tushurish lozim bo'ladi, ortiqcha ish bo'lib qoladi. Undan tashqari ba'zi kompilyatorlar bir dasturlash tilidan, ikkinchisiga ham o'zgartirib berishi mumkin. Kompilyator ishlatadigan dasturlash tillariga C, C++, Delphi larni misol qilib keltirish mumkin.
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Hill shifrlash chiziqli algebraga asoslangan poligrafik almashtirish shifridir

Hill shifrlash chiziqli algebraga asoslangan poligrafik almashtirish shifridir
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Hill shifrlash chiziqli algebraga asoslangan poligrafik almashtirish shifridir
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Windows XP

Dates of Use - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 8/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Windows XP
Dates of Use:
Released on December 31, 2001. Microsoft will stop supporting the platform on April 14, 2009 in accordance with their Microsoft Life-Cycle Policy.26
Importance of Platform: With Windows XP Microsoft attempted to converge the best features of their home and business editions into a unified operating system applicable to both markets. The system was large in scale and size, requiring more than 2 gigabytes of hard-drive space and thus resulted in a swell in computer sales.
Requirements:
Processor: Intel Pentium 233 MHz or equivalent
Memory: 64MB, recommend 128MB
Drives: 1.5 GB Disk space, CD-ROM/ DVD, USB
Sound: Sound card recommended
Video: SVGA, capture feature requires processor that is 400MHz or faster
Controls: Microsoft mouse/ keyboard compatible
Operating System: Windows 98, 98 SE, or ME for upgrade.27
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Windows 98
Dates of Use - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 3/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Windows 98
Dates of Use:
Released on June 25th 19987 or June 30th, 19988. Microsoft ceased supporting the platform on July 11, 2006 in accordance with the Microsoft Lifecycle Policy.9
Importance of Platform:
Windows 98 is considered a less significant development than its predecessor, Windows 95. However, the system did include several advancements, with the most significant being the systems year 2000 compliance and improved memory that resulted in a stronger performance.10
Requirements:
Processor: 486 DX/ 66MHz or higher.
Memory: 16MB of RAM.
Drives: CD Rom, DVD, Floppy, USB, Firewall.
Sound: Standard Sound Card.
Video: VGA or higher.
Controls: Microsoft compatible keyboard and mouse.
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Windows Millennium - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007....

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 6/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Windows Millennium:
Dates of Use:
Released on September 14, 2000. Microsoft ceased supporting the platform July 11, 2006 in accordance with their Microsoft Life Cycle Policy.
Importance of Platform:
Considering the limited time span Windows ME served as the 'new' Microsoft platform (XP was released just over a year later), it is a somewhat insignificant addition to Microsoft's platform history. The major addition to the system was a "hibernate" feature, which prevented the computer from crashing while in sleep mode.
Requirements:
Processor: Intel Pentium 150 MHz or equivalent, 300MHz or faster if using Windows Media Player
Memory: 32MB, 64MB RAM if using Windows Media Player
Drives: 279-410 MB Disk space, CD-ROM/ DVD, USB
Sound: Sound card recommended
Video: VGA or higher
Controls: Microsoft mouse/ keyboard compatible
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Operating System - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007....

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 7/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Operating System: Windows 98 for upgrade22
System Advancements:
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Featured System File Protection (SFP), which prevents users from overwriting system files when installing new software.
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Help and Support Center included System Restore, which allows the user to reset the computer back to a specific time frame before an system error occurred.
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Includes Windows Movie Editor.
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Includes Explorer 5.5
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Includes Windows Media Player 7.23
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A My Picture feature allowed users to automatically preview, rotate and print images that were imported into the system.24
System Flaws:
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Still included an underlying DOS based system that was not capable of handling the more advanced aspects of the platform.25
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Upgrades were too limited to justify the cost.
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System was unstable and often froze and crashed while in use.
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Requirements - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 2/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Requirements:1
Processor: Intel 80386DX.
Memory: 4MB RAM, 50MB Hard Drive space.
Drives: CD Rom , Floppy, USB support was introduced in Windows 95 4.00.95B in 1996.
Sound: Standard Sound Card.
Video: VGA or higher.
Controls: Microsoft compatible keyboard and mouse.
Operating System: M.S. DOS 5.0 or higher.2
System Advancements:
-
Previously, the Windows system was a separate system that ran on top of a DOS base. Windows 95 featured the 32-bit operating system, which was a consolidated operating system designed to manage functions more efficiently and allow for multitasking. The main remnants of DOS were in boot-up and Safe modes, which allowed a user to address problems through previously known-DOS commands.3
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Windows 95 was the premiere of the desktop interface that has remained the base of each interface since. This interface introduced the “Start” feature as the catch-all source for program and file access. Also introduced was the taskbar, which centralized all open programs in a single place. Lastly, there was the option to create personalized shortcuts on the desktop, allowing for immediate access of oft used programs, files, and network places.4
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Supplementary to the improved desktop was improved file management,
including the introduction of the x/- window control, which allowed for easy expansion and minimizing of files.5
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Included better support for games and multimedia, including Plug and Play compatibility. Plug and play allowed a user to insert new software and hardware and have the system immediately respond to initiate installation or use. The Plug and Play feature, however, required that the users personal computer included a Plug and Play Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) chip.6
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Allowed users to enter longer file names. Previous systems had allowed for files names of only eight characters.
System Flaws:
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Explorer/ TCP/IP was not available with the initial basic model Windows 95. Explorer 1.0 could be added through an additional package, “Plus!” which reached only a small percentage of the audience. Explorer was added to the 4.00.95A version released in 1996.
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As stated above, the system required a great deal more memory and power to act at capacity than previous platforms. Microsoft attempted to downplay this greatly in their recommended minimums.
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When several programs were in use the system would easily become overloaded and was prone to both freezing and crashing. Error messages were also an integral part of the Win95 experience.
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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System Flaws - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 15/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
System Flaws:
-
Entirely incompatible with several gaming devices including 3-D cards and gamesticks, and would also break software associated with America Online and Earthlink.51
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Although originally intended to be distributed both in business and consumer form, Microsoft ultimately realized this would not be possible and switched their consumer concentration to Windows ME. This was problematic because the name, Windows 2000, was similar to the titling of their consumer products. Reviews, marketers and Bill Gates himself all had to take great strides to educate the public regarding the intended system user.
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System installation was difficult and potentially damaging to personal computers.
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Required an exorbitant amount of memory. Although Microsoft places the system requirements as those listed above, others argued Win2000 required a base of 64 MB of memory and 1 GB of disk space, with double those requirements to avoided sluggish speeds and system crashes.52
Beginning with Windows XP, Microsoft began offering business editions of their consumer systems. Both WinXP and Vista have professional options that mirror the differentiated functionality previously offered in the separate NT line. The NT line also included server system that Microsoft continues to design, which have not been included in this timeline. The next professional system in expected to be Windows 7, which currently has an anticipated release date in 2010.53
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Windows 2000 - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 14/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Windows 2000
Dates of Use:
Released on February 17, 2000. Windows will support the platform until July 13, 2010.46
Importance of Platform:
Following a long break in updates, Windows 2000 made several much needed improvements to Windows N.T. 4.0. The system was the most-complex Microsoft had ever released and offered a level of stability not available in any of its contemporaries amongst consumer level systems.
Requirements:
Processor: Intel Pentium 133 MHz or equivalent
Memory: 32MB RAM, 650 MB Disk space,
Drives: CD-ROM/ DVD, USB, Firewire
Sound: Sound card
Video: VGA or higher
Controls: Microsoft mouse/ keyboard compatible
Operating System: Windows 95, 98 NT 3.5 or 4.0 for upgrade47
System Advancements:
-
With Windows 2000, Microsoft made a bid to increase their visibility in the internet server market. At that time the market was dominated by Unix, a longstanding and reliable product. Win2000 attempted to undercut their cost and offer comparable features.48
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The system carefully monitored the installation of new programs and replaced any mistakenly deleted programs through a cache of backup files.49
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Featured a level of stability that was not yet available within the consumer market. The system rarely crashed and was capable of waking from sleep mode to function properly.
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Included support for technology that had long been supported on the consumer level including Plug and Play and USB.
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Boated improved flexibility on laptop computers. This included allowing for a disc drive to be switched with a CD drive without turning off the computer.
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Reorganized the desktop, creating a cleaner and more logical workspace. Tasks such as system tools and settings were moved to the control panel and the number of desktop icons was streamlined.
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Superior security ran through the system. It included “Virtual Private Networking,” which allowed a private link between a laptop and server to be created across the internet. It also included a files system, “NTFS,” that allowed files, folders and entire hard-drives to be encrypted and locked.50
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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System Advancements - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 –...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 9/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
System Advancements:
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WinXP offered more stability with a reduction of error messages and system crashes.
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Compatible with 12,000 hardware and software add ons compared to Windows 2000 more limited compatibility with only 6,000.28
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Continued development towards the implementation of as user friendly and aesthetically pleasing a design as possible. This included consolidation of taskbar items and a two column start-up menu allowing for easier navigation. The system was also designed to maintain a clean desktop, with few items appearing on the desktop upon installation and a feature that offered to clean the desktop periodically.
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Internet Explorer 6.0, which includes automatic firewall software that prevent viruses from coming in (but do not prevent the user from sending viruses) and an aesthetic redesign.
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The first edition of Windows that was copy protected, thus allowing users to install the system on only one computer and forcing users to purchase the system for each of their computers.
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Microsoft applied several techniques for user monitoring including activation, which sends your information back to the company and a "Passport" for the Windows messenger system that requires sign-up with email and address. 29
System Flaws:
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Operating System - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007....

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 4/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Operating System: Windows 3.x, 3.1x or Windows 95 to upgrade.11
System Advancements:
-
Capable of converting a drive to FAT32 (32-bit consolidated system) without information loss. This allows the users personal computer to have a, “single-partition disk drive larger than 2GB.12
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Attempted to streamline system management through the addition of a system maintenance wizard and system file and registry maintenance utility.13 Win98 was also compatible with ACPI – Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, which was the, “new industry standard for power management.”14
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Explorer 4.0 was integrated into the system.15
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Included utilities, particularly in the realm of networking, that were previously offered only in business editions. This included Netmeeting, which allows users to set-up networks to, “share computers for collaborative purposes.” It allowed multiple users to traverse a single computer and to share mouse and keyboard functions. Netmeeting also included the ability to chat within the network.
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Offered improved ability to control and personalize dial-up networking settings.16
System Flaws:
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Major improvements found in the Win98 system appeared to be more relevant to business, as opposed to consumer, users.
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The changes found in the system were thought to be minor, particularly in comparison to the Win95 system, which was a total redesign.
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Although it fixed many bugs found in the Win95 system, it was still relatively unstable and prone to freezing and crashing.
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Legal woes that were already in action during the release of Windows 95 continued and worsened preceding the release of Win98. Although the courts allowed the system to go into distribution, Microsoft was battling alleged antitrust violations that were particularly concerned with the integration of Explorer into the Win98 system.17
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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Windows 98 SE (2nd Edition) - Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems...

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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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bet | 5/15 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 116,5 Kb. | | #871 |
Windows 98 SE (2nd Edition)
Dates of Use:
Released June 30th 1999. Microsoft ceased supporting the platform on July 11, 2006 in accordance with their Microsoft Lifecycle Policy.
Importance of Platform:
Windows 98 SE retained the basics of the Windows 98 system but attempted to address the more troublesome bugs while also improving the systems internet and networking functions.
Requirements:
Processor: 486 DX/ 66MHz or higher
Memory: 24MB of RAM
Drives: 205MB- 315MB, CD Rom, DVD, USB, Firewall, Floppy
Sound: Standard Sound Card
Video: VGA or higher
Controls: Microsoft compatible keyboard and mouse
Operating System: Windows 3.x, 3.1x or Windows 95 to upgrade
System Advancements:
-
Featured Internet Explorer 5.0, a significantly faster browser than its predecessor. Explorer 5.0 featured "Auto complete," the now standard feature that automatically fills-in drop boxes on forms and stores a drop down list of previously used websites. The new browser also included direct support for email accounts on hotmail, a company owned by Microsoft.18
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Improved networking capacity that allowed multiple PC's to share a single internet connection. 19
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Marketed with the Window 98 Service Pack 1, which included bugs fixes, program updates, and year 2000 updates.20
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Included a "Device Bay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networking, Wake of LAN and Windows Driver Model modems."21
System Flaws:
-
Although an improvement when compared to Win98, it was questionable whether the systems updates were significant enough to drive a consumer to purchase Win98 SE.
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Aloqalar
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Kathleen Maguire 11/5/2007 Digital Restoration Computer Timeline Microsoft Systems 1995 – 2007. Windows 95 Dates of use
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MY RECOVERY - Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results

get me down, but there were more than a few moments when I felt
depressed and overwhelmed.
I became painfully aware of how far I had to go when I returned to the
baseball field one year later. Baseball had always been a major part of my
life. My dad had played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals,
and I had a dream of playing professionally, too. After months of
rehabilitation, what I wanted more than anything was to get back on the
field.
But my return to baseball was not smooth. When the season rolled
around, I was the only junior to be cut from the varsity baseball team. I was
sent down to play with the sophomores on junior varsity. I had been playing
since age four, and for someone who had spent so much time and effort on
the sport, getting cut was humiliating. I vividly remember the day it
happened. I sat in my car and cried as I flipped through the radio,
desperately searching for a song that would make me feel better.
After a year of self-doubt, I managed to make the varsity team as a
senior, but I rarely made it on the field. In total, I played eleven innings of
high school varsity baseball, barely more than a single game.
Despite my lackluster high school career, I still believed I could become
a great player. And I knew that if things were going to improve, I was the
one responsible for making it happen. The turning point came two years
after my injury, when I began college at Denison University. It was a new
beginning, and it was the place where I would discover the surprising power
of small habits for the first time.
Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results

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Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results
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HOW AND WHY I WROTE THIS BOOK

At the start of 2017, I launched the Habits Academy, which became the
premier training platform for organizations and individuals interested in
building better habits in life and work.
*
Fortune 500 companies and
growing start-ups began to enroll their leaders and train their staff. In total,
over ten thousand leaders, managers, coaches, and teachers have graduated
from the Habits Academy, and my work with them has taught me an
incredible amount about what it takes to make habits work in the real world.
As I put the finishing touches on this book in 2018, jamesclear.com is
receiving millions of visitors per month and nearly five hundred thousand
people subscribe to my weekly email newsletter—a number that is so far
beyond my expectations when I began that I’m not even sure what to think
of it.
YOUR HABITS CAN COMPOUND FOR YOU OR AGAINST YOU

loop. The same is true for how you think about others. Once you fall into the habit of
seeing people as angry, unjust, or selfish, you see those kind of people everywhere.
Outrage compounds. Riots, protests, and mass movements are rarely the result of a
single event. Instead, a long series of microaggressions and daily aggravations slowly
multiply until one event tips the scales and outrage spreads like wildfire.
WHY SMALL HABITS MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE

of your eating habits. Your knowledge is a lagging measure of your learning
habits. Your clutter is a lagging measure of your cleaning habits. You get
what you repeat.
If you want to predict where you’ll end up in life, all you have to do is
follow the curve of tiny gains or tiny losses, and see how your daily choices
will compound ten or twenty years down the line. Are you spending less
than you earn each month? Are you making it into the gym each week? Are
you reading books and learning something new each day? Tiny battles like
these are the ones that will define your future self.
Time magnifies the margin between success and failure. It will multiply
whatever you feed it. Good habits make time your ally. Bad habits make
time your enemy.
Habits are a double-edged sword. Bad habits can cut you down just as
easily as good habits can build you up, which is why understanding the
details is crucial. You need to know how habits work and how to design
them to your liking, so you can avoid the dangerous half of the blade.
Document Outline - Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results

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Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq atomic-habitsDocument Outline - Title Page
- Copyright
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Introduction: My Story
- THE FUNDAMENTALS: Why Tiny Changes Make a Big Difference
- 1: The Surprising Power of Atomic Habits
- 2: How Your Habits Shape Your Identity (and Vice Versa)
- 3: How to Build Better Habits in 4 Simple Steps
- THE 1ST LAW: Make It Obvious
- 4: The Man Who Didn’t Look Right
- 5: The Best Way to Start a New Habit
- 6: Motivation Is Overrated; Environment Often Matters More
- 7: The Secret to Self-Control
- THE 2ND LAW: Make It Attractive
- 8: How to Make a Habit Irresistible
- 9: The Role of Family and Friends in Shaping Your Habits
- 10: How to Find and Fix the Causes of Your Bad Habits
- THE 3RD LAW: Make It Easy
- 11: Walk Slowly, but Never Backward
- 12: The Law of Least Effort
- 13: How to Stop Procrastinating by Using the Two-Minute Rule
- 14: How to Make Good Habits Inevitable and Bad Habits Impossible
- THE 4TH LAW: Make It Satisfying
- 15: The Cardinal Rule of Behavior Change
- 16: How to Stick with Good Habits Every Day
- 17: How an Accountability Partner Can Change Everything
- ADVANCED TACTICS: How to Go from Being Merely Good to Being Truly Great
- 18: The Truth About Talent (When Genes Matter and When They Don’t)
- 19: The Goldilocks Rule: How to Stay Motivated in Life and Work
- 20: The Downside of Creating Good Habits
- Conclusion: The Secret to Results That Last
- Appendix
- What Should You Read Next?
- Little Lessons from the Four Laws
- How to Apply These Ideas to Business
- How to Apply These Ideas to Parenting
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
- Index
- About the Author
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Potentsial diagramma tuzish

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Potentsial diagramma tuzish
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bet | 12/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli3.5 Potentsial diagramma tuzish
Elektr zanjirida potentsiallarning taqsimlanishi potentsial diagramma yordamida ifodalanishi mumkin.
Potensial diagramma qaramlikni ifodalaydi φ(R) grafik shaklida, tanlangan konturning ketma -ket qatorlari potentsiallarining qiymatlari vertikal o'q bo'ylab chizilgan va ketma -ket o'tilgan kesimlarning qarshiliklari qiymatlarining yig'indisi. bu konturning sxemasining gorizontal o'qi bo'ylab chizilgan. Potentsial diagrammani qurish o'zboshimchalik bilan tanlangan konturdan boshlanadi, uning potentsiali nolga teng. φ 1 = 0. Ketma-ket tanlangan konturni aylanib chiqamiz. Agar diagrammaning qurilishi 1-bandda boshlangan bo'lsa, u holda u xuddi shu nuqtada tugashi kerak 1. Grafikdagi potentsial sakrashlar zanjirga kiritilgan kuchlanish manbalariga mos keladi.
1.1. Asboblarning o'qilishini aniqlash
Voltmetr elektr zanjiridagi ikkita nuqta orasidagi kuchlanishni (potentsial farq) o'lchaydi. Voltmetrning o'qishini aniqlash uchun o'lchagan kuchlanishni o'z ichiga olgan zanjir bo'ylab ikkinchi Kirchhoff qonuniga muvofiq tenglama tuzish kerak.
Vattmetr Joule-Lenz qonuniga ko'ra aniqlanadigan elektr zanjirining bir qismining kuchini ko'rsatadi.
4. Misol:
Berilgan : R 1 = R 5 = 10 Ohm, R 4 = R 6 = 5 Ohm, R 3 = 25 Ohm, R 2 = 20 Ohm, E 1 = 100 V, E 2 = 80 V, E 3 = 50V
Filiallardagi toklarni turli usullar bilan aniqlang, quvvat balansini tuzing va hisoblang.
Yechim :
1) Loop joriy usuli
Uchta kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib kelganligi sababli, uchta elektron oqim bo'ladi I 11 , I 22 , I 33. Ushbu oqimlarning yo'nalishlarini soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha tanlaymiz 3-rasm. Zanjir bo'ylab haqiqiy oqimlarni yozamiz:
I 1 = I 11 - I 33 , I 2 = - I 22 , I 3 = - I 33 , I 4 = I 11 , I 5 = I 11 -I 22
Keling, qoidalarga muvofiq kontur tenglamalari uchun Kirchhoffning ikkinchi qonuniga binoan tenglamalarni yozaylik.
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Loop joriy usuli - Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli

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Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli
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Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli3.4.2 Loop joriy usuli
Ushbu usul yordamida tenglamalar soni qisqartiriladi, ya'ni Kirchhoffning 1-qonuniga muvofiq tenglamalar chiqarib tashlanadi. Loop oqimi tushunchasi kiritiladi (tabiatda bunday oqimlar yo'q - bu virtual tushuncha), tenglamalar Kirchhoffning ikkinchi qonuniga muvofiq tuziladi.
Bizning misolimizni ko'rib chiqing - rasm. 2
Loop oqimlari ko'rsatilgan Im, In, Il, ularning yo'nalishlari shaklda ko'rsatilganidek berilgan. 2
Yechish algoritmi :
1. Zanjir bo'ylab haqiqiy oqimlarni yozamiz: tashqi novdalar bo'ylab I 1 = Im,
I 3 = Il, I 4 = In va qo'shni filiallar bo'ylab I 2 = Im - In, I 5 = In - Il
2. Kirxgofning ikkinchi qonuni bo'yicha tenglamalarni tuzamiz, chunki uchta kontur mavjud, shuning uchun uchta tenglama bo'ladi:
birinchi sxema uchun Im·( R 1 + R 2) - In· R 2 = E 1 - E 2, oldida "-" belgisi In joylashtiriladi, chunki bu oqim qarshi qaratilgan Im
ikkinchi davr uchun - Im· R 2 + (R 2 + R 4 + R 5) · In - Il· R 5 = E 2
uchinchi davr uchun - In· R 5 + (R 3 + R 5) · Il = E 3
3. Hosil bo`lgan tenglamalar sistemasini yechib, aylanma oqimlarni topamiz
4. Pastadir oqimlarini bilib, biz kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib keladigan oqimlarini aniqlaymiz (1-bandga qarang).
3.4.3 Nodal potentsial usuli
Taklif etilgan usul tavsiya etilgan usullardan eng samarali hisoblanadi.
O'chirishning har qanday tarmog'idagi oqimni umumlashtirilgan Ohm qonuniga muvofiq topish mumkin. Buning uchun sxema tugunlarining potentsiallarini aniqlash kerak.
Agar sxemada n-tugunlar bo'lsa, unda tenglamalar (n-1) bo'ladi:
Devrenning har qanday tugunini erga ulang φ = 0;
(n-1) potentsiallarni aniqlash kerak;
Tenglamalar birinchi Kirxgof qonuni bo'yicha tuziladi:
φ 1 G 11+φ 2 · G 12 + ... +φ (n-1)G 1, (n-1) = I 11
φ 1 G 21 + φ 2 · G 22 + ... +φ (n-1) G 2, (n-1) = Men 22
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
φ 1 G (n-1), 1 +φ 2 · G (n-1), 2 + ... +φ (n-1) G (n-1), (n-1) = I (n-1), (n-1)
qayerda I 11 … I(n -1), (n -1) EMF bu tugunga ulangan tarmoqlardagi tugunli oqimlar, G kk- ichki o'tkazuvchanlik (k tugunidagi oyoqlarning kirishi yig'indisi), G km- o'zaro o'tkazuvchanlik ( tugunlarni bog'laydigan shoxlarning kirishlari yig'indisi k va m), "-" belgisi bilan olingan.
O'chirish oqimlari umumiy Ohm qonuniga muvofiq belgilanadi.
Misol:
φ a( + + ) - φ b = E 1 + E 2
φ b (++) - φ a= - E 3
potentsiallarni aniqlash φ va va φ b, biz sxemaning oqimlarini topamiz. Oqimlarni hisoblash uchun formulalarni tuzish umumlashtirilgan Ohm qonuniga muvofiq hisoblashda EMF va kuchlanish belgilari qoidalariga muvofiq amalga oshiriladi (1-ma'ruzaga qarang).
Oqimlarni hisoblashning to'g'riligi Kirchhoff qonunlari va quvvat balansi yordamida tekshiriladi.
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Ikki tugunli usul - Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli

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Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli
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bet | 11/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli3.4.4 Ikki tugunli usul
Ikki tugunli usul tugun potentsiali usulining alohida holatidir. Sxemada faqat ikkita tugun (parallel ulanish) mavjud bo'lganda ishlatiladi.
Algoritm:
Oqimlarning ijobiy yo'nalishlari va ikkita tugun orasidagi kuchlanish o'zboshimchalik bilan o'rnatiladi;
Tugunlararo kuchlanishni aniqlash tenglamasi
,
qayerda G- filialning o'tkazuvchanligi, J- joriy manbalar;
Qoida: GE va J agar "+" belgisi bilan olinadi E va J yuqori salohiyatga ega bo'lgan tugun tomon yo'naltirilgan;
O'chirish oqimlari umumlashtirilgan Ohm qonuni bilan belgilanadi
Misol:
Oqimlarni hisoblash uchun formulalar kompilyatsiya qilingan Ohm qonuniga muvofiq hisoblashda EMF va kuchlanish belgilari qoidalariga muvofiq amalga oshiriladi (1 -ma'ruzaga qarang).
3.4.5 Faol ikki portli usul
Bu usul ichida bitta filialning parametrlarini hisoblash zarur bo'lganda foydalaniladi murakkab naqsh... Usul faol ikki terminalli tarmoq haqidagi teoremaga asoslanadi: "Har qanday faol ikki terminalli tarmoqni E eq va R eq yoki J eq va G eq parametrlariga ega bo'lgan ikkita terminalli qurilmaga almashtirish mumkin. sxema o'zgarmaydi."
Algoritm:
1. Parametrlarni aniqlamoqchi bo'lgan filialni oching.
2. Filialning ochiq terminallaridagi kuchlanishni aniqlang, ya'ni. bo'sh tezlikda Eek = Uxx sevimli usul.
3. Faol ikki portli tarmoqni almashtiring, ya'ni. O'chirilgan tarmoqsiz, passiv (barcha quvvat manbalarini istisno qilib, ichki qarshiliklarini qoldirib, ideal EMF ekanligini unutmang. Richki= 0, va ideal oqim manbai uchun Richki= ∞). Olingan sxemaning ekvivalent qarshiligini aniqlang Rek.
4. Filialdagi tokni formula bo‘yicha toping I = Eek/(R+Rek) passiv filial uchun va
I = E ± Eek/(R+Rek) faol filial uchun.
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Kuchlanish rezonansi - Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli

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Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli
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bet | 16/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli3.7.1 Kuchlanish rezonansi
Ish tartibi RLC zanjirli rasm 2 yoki LC- zanjir, reaktivlik tengligiga bo'ysunadi X C = X L, kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib keladigan umumiy kuchlanishi uning oqimi bilan fazada bo'lganda, deyiladi kuchlanish rezonansi.
X C= X L- rezonans holati
Voltaj rezonansining belgilari:
1. Kirishdagi kuchlanish oqim bilan fazada; orasidagi faza almashinuvi I va U ph = 0, cos ph = 1
2. O'chirishdagi oqim eng yuqori va natijada bo'ladi P maksimal = I 2 max R quvvat ham maksimal, reaktiv quvvat esa nolga teng.
3. Rezonans chastotasi
O'zgartirish orqali rezonansga erishish mumkin L, C yoki ō.
Voltaj rezonansida vektor diagrammalari
LC zanjir RLC zanjir
3.7.2. Oqimlarning rezonansi
Induktiv va sig'imli elementlarga ega parallel novdalarni o'z ichiga olgan kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib keladigan rejimda, kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib bo'lmaydigan qismining oqimi kuchlanish fazasiga to'g'ri keladi ( φ=0 ) deyiladi rezonans oqimlari.
Oqimlarning rezonans holati: parallel shoxlarning reaktiv o'tkazuvchanliklari orasidagi farq 0 ga teng
V 1 - birinchi filialning reaktiv o'tkazuvchanligi,
V 2 - ikkinchi tarmoqning reaktiv o'tkazuvchanligi
Rezonans oqimlarining belgilari:
RLC - zanjir Vektor diagrammasi
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Qoida - Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli

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Kirxgof tenglamalari usuli
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bet | 13/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuliQoida: agar EMF va oqim kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib o'tish yo'nalishi bilan bir xil yo'nalishga ega bo'lsa, ular "+" dan, agar bo'lmasa, "-" dan olinadi.
Keling, tenglamalar tizimini yechamiz matematik usul Gauss yoki Kramer.
Tizimni hal qilib, biz pastadir oqimlarining qiymatlarini olamiz:
I 11 = 2,48 A, I 22 = - 1,84 A, I 33 = - 0,72 A
Haqiqiy oqimlarni aniqlaymiz: I 1 = 3, 2 A, I 2 = 1,84 A, I 3 = 0,72 A, I 4 = 2,48 A, I 5 = 4.32 A
Kirchhoff qonunlari bo'yicha tenglamalarga almashtirish orqali oqimlarni hisoblashning to'g'riligini tekshiramiz.
Quvvat balansini hisoblash uchun tenglamalarni tuzamiz:
Hisoblash shuni ko'rsatadiki, quvvat balansi yaqinlashdi. Xato 1%dan kam.
2) Tugun potentsiallari usuli
Xuddi shu masalani tugun potentsiallari usuli bilan hal qilamiz
Keling, tenglamalarni tuzaylik:
O'chirishning har qanday tarmog'idagi oqimni umumlashtirilgan Ohm qonuniga muvofiq topish mumkin. Buning uchun elektron tugunlarning potentsialini aniqlash kerak. Devrenning har qanday tugunini erga ulang φ c = 0.
Tenglamalar tizimini echib, biz tugunlarning potentsialini aniqlaymiz φ a va φ b
φ a = 68 B φ b = 43,2 B
Umumlashtirilgan Ohm qonuniga ko'ra, biz shoxlardagi oqimlarni aniqlaymiz. Qoida: EMF va kuchlanish, agar ularning yo'nalishlari oqim yo'nalishiga to'g'ri kelsa, "+" belgisi bilan, agar bo'lmasa, "-" belgisi bilan olinadi.
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E1 - E2 = I11 (R1 + R5 + R2) - I22 R2

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E1 - E2 = I11 (R1 + R5 + R2) - I22 R2
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bet | 23/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuliE1 - E2 = I11 (R1 + R5 + R2) - I22 R2
E2 = I22 (R2 + R4 + R3) - I11 R2;
5-15 = 11 I11 -5· I22
15 = 11 I22 -5· I11 .
Tenglamalar tizimini yechib, biz quyidagilarni olamiz:
I11 = -0,365
I22 = 1,197, keyin
I1 = -0,365; I2 = 1,562; I3 = 1,197
Ko'rib turganingizdek, tarmoq oqimlarining haqiqiy qiymatlari 2-misolda olingan qiymatlarga to'g'ri keladi.
2.4 Nodal kuchlanish usuli (ikki tugunli usul).
Faqat ikkita tugunli sxemalar keng tarqalgan; anjirda 2.4 bunday diagrammadan birini ko'rsatadi.
2.4-rasm. Ikki tugun usuli bilan elektr zanjirlarini hisoblash uchun.
Ulardagi oqimlarni hisoblashning eng oqilona usuli hisoblanadi Ikki tugunli usul.
ostida Ikki tugunli usul elektr zanjirlarini hisoblash usulini tushunish, bunda ikkita tugun orasidagi kuchlanish kerakli kuchlanish uchun olinadi (uning yordami bilan shoxlarning toklari aniqlanadi) A va V sxemalar - UAB.
Kuchlanishi UAB formuladan topish mumkin:
UAB=
Formulaning numeratorida EMFni o'z ichiga olgan filial uchun "+" belgisi, agar ushbu filialning EMF yo'nalishi potentsialning o'sishiga yo'naltirilgan bo'lsa, "-" belgisi esa olinadi. pasayish. Bizning holatda, agar A tugunining potentsiali B tugunining potentsialidan yuqori bo'lsa (B tugunining potentsiali nolga teng), E1G1 , "+" belgisi bilan olinadi va E2G2 "-" belgisi bilan:
UAB=
Qayerda G- shoxlarning o'tkazuvchanligi.
Tugun kuchlanishini aniqlagandan so'ng, siz elektr zanjirining har bir tarmog'idagi oqimlarni hisoblashingiz mumkin:
ITO= (Ek-UAB) GTO.
Agar oqim salbiy qiymatga ega bo'lsa, unda uning haqiqiy yo'nalishi diagrammada ko'rsatilganiga teskari bo'ladi.
Ushbu formulada, birinchi filial uchun, oqimdan beri I1 yo'nalishiga to'g'ri keladi E1, keyin uning qiymati ortiqcha belgisi bilan olinadi va UAB minus belgisi bilan, chunki u oqim tomon yo'naltirilgan. Ikkinchi filialda va E2 va UAB oqim tomon yo'naltirilgan va minus belgisi bilan olingan.
4-misol... Shakldagi sxema uchun. 2.4, agar E1 = 120V, E2 = 5 Ohm, R1 = 2 Ohm, R2 = 1 Ohm, R3 = 4 Ohm, R4 = 10 Ohm bo'lsa.
UAB = (120 0,5-50 1) / (0,5 + 1 + 0,25 + 0,1) = 5,4 V
I1 = (E1-UAB) G1 = (120-5,4) 0,5 = 57,3A;
I2 = (- E2-UAB) G2 = (-50-5,4) 1 = -55,4A;
I3 = (O -UAB) G3 = -5,4 0,25 = -1,35A;
I4 = (O-UAB) G4 = -5,4 0,1 = -0,54A.
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I1 = I22, I2 = I33 - I22, I3 = I33

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I1 = I22, I2 = I33 - I22, I3 = I33
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bet | 22/25 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #113199 |
Bog'liq Kirxgof tenglamalari usuliI1 = I22, I2 = I33 - I22, I3 = I33,
I4 = I33 - I11, I5 = I11 - I22, I6 = - I11.
Shunday qilib, kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib keladigan ma'lum oqimlaridan uning shoxlarining haqiqiy oqimlarini osongina aniqlash mumkin.
Ushbu sxemaning halqa oqimlarini aniqlash uchun har bir mustaqil halqa uchun faqat uchta tenglama tuzish kifoya.
Har bir kontaktlarning zanglashiga olib keladigan tenglamalarni tuzishda qo'shni oqim zanjirlarining qo'shni tarmoqlarga ta'sirini hisobga olish kerak:
I11 (R5 + R6 + R4) - I22 R5 - I33 R4 = O,
I22 (R1 + R2 + R5) - I11 R5 - I33 R2 = E1 - E2,
I33 (R2 + R3 + R4 ) — I11 · R4 — I22 · R2 = E2 .
Shunday qilib, halqa oqim usuli bilan hisoblash tartibi quyidagi ketma -ketlikda bajariladi:
1. mustaqil sxemalarni o'rnatish va ulardagi zanjir oqimlarining yo'nalishlarini tanlash;
2. shoxlarning oqimlarini belgilash va o'zboshimchalik bilan ularga yo'nalish berish;
3. shoxlarning haqiqiy oqimlari va halqa oqimlari o'rtasida aloqa o'rnatish;
4. halqa oqimlari uchun Kirxgofning ikkinchi qonuni bo'yicha tenglamalar tizimini tuzing;
5. tenglamalar tizimini echish, halqa toklarini topish va tarmoqlarning haqiqiy toklarini aniqlash.
3-misol. Muammoni hal qilaylik (2-misol) halqali oqim usuli bilan, dastlabki ma'lumotlar bir xil.
1. Muammoda faqat ikkita mustaqil kontur mumkin: konturlarni tanlang ABDA va QuyoshDV va ulardagi pastadir oqimlarining yo'nalishini oling I11 va I22 soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha (2.3-rasm).
2. Tarmoqlarning haqiqiy oqimlari I1 , I2, I3 va ularning yo'nalishlari ham ko'rsatilgan (2.3-rasm).
3.haqiqiy va halqa oqimlari o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik:
I1 = I11 ; I2 = I22 — I11 ; I3 = I22
4. Kelxofning ikkinchi qonuniga binoan pastadir toklar uchun tenglamalar tizimini tuzaylik:
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