nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Infographic Style Infographic Style

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Infographic Style Infographic Style
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Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaInfographic Style Infographic Style
Content Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
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Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
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Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Infographic Style Infographic Style
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Here
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Here
Content
Here
Content
Here
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$15
32.45%
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Simple Portfolio Presentation
Portfolio Presentation
Simple Portfolio
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AWESOME
PRESENTATION
Infographic Style Infographic Style
Option A
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Timeline Style Timeline Style

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Timeline Style Timeline Style
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Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaAmaliy
TCP/IP
Timeline Style Timeline Style
Presentation
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Presentation
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Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Presentation
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Presentation
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2016
2018
2020
2017
2019
Our Team Style Our Team Style
Your name
Manager
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Marketing
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Designer
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Your name
Developer
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Content Here
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Content Here
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You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
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We Create
Quality Professional
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Infographic Style Infographic Style
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Noto‘g‘ri vaqt - Xalqaro tashkilotlar

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Xalqaro tashkilotlar
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Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaNoto‘g‘ri vaqt
01
OSI kamchiliklari
OSI ning eski texnologiya ekanligi haqidagi asosiy dalil TCP/IP stekining keng tarqalganligidir. OSI protokollari ko‘pincha bir-birini takrorlaydi, funksiyalar darajalar bo‘yicha notekis taqsimlanadi va bir xil vazifalarni turli darajalarda hal qilish mumkin.
Eski texnologiya
02
Yetti darajaga bo‘linish texnik jihatdan ko‘ra ko‘proq siyosiy jihatlar asosida tashkil etildi. TCP/IP dan farqli o‘laroq, OSI UNIX yadrosiga asoslanmagan. Yevropa telekommunikatsiya kompaniyalari va AQSh hukumati tomonidan ilgari surilgan yopiq model bo‘lganligi sababli OSI keng tarqala olmadi. TCP/IP protokoli steki dastlab hamma uchun ochiq edi, bu esa ochiq manba tarafdorlari orasida keng tarqalish imkonini berdi.
Muvaffaqiyatsiz siyosat
03
TCP/IP protokollar steki raqamli ma’lumotlarni uzatishning butun jarayonini tavsiflovchi tarmoq modelidir TCP/IP protokollar steki raqamli ma’lumotlarni uzatishning butun jarayonini tavsiflovchi tarmoq modelidir
4
2
3
1
Ma’lumot bir mashinadan ikkinchisiga qanday uzatilishini aniqlaydi. Ma’lumotlar kodlanadi, paketlarga bo‘linadi va tanlangan uzatish kanali orqali yuboriladi. Ushbu darajada maksimal ruxsat etilgan masofa, kechikishlar, signal chastotasi va boshqa parametrlar, ya’ni tizimning barcha fizik xususiyatlari aniqlanadi(Ethernet).
Kanal
Ushbu bosqichda ma’lumotlarni jo‘natish va yetkazib berish uchun mas’ul bo‘lgan TCP va UDP protokollari ishlaydi. TCP uzatishni boshqaradi, barcha fayllar qabul qilinganligini, xatolar yuzaga kelganligini tekshiradi. TCP yo‘qolgan ma’lumotlarni qayta so‘rash, takroriy paketlarni yo‘q qilish va tarmoq yuklanishini tartibga solish imkonini beradi. UDP protokoli kamroq ishonchlilikka ega mustaqil datagrammalarni yuborish bilan shug‘ullanadi.
Transport
Mavjud lokla tarmoqlarni global tarmoqqa ulash bilan shug‘ullanadi. Ma'lumotlarni bir nechta tarmoqlar orqali uzatishni tartibga soladi, bu esa turli tizimlar o'rtasida o‘zaro aloqani ta’minlash imkonini beradi.
Tarmoq
Ma’lumotlarni formatlash va bo‘lish amaliy dasturlash interfeysi tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. Ilova API ga kiradi va javoban bir qator harakatlar yoki ularni bajarish bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar oladi.
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Infographic Style Infographic Style

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Infographic Style Infographic Style
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Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaInfographic Style Infographic Style
Your Text Here
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Reports and Presentations with our Templates.
Your Text Here
Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Reports and Presentations with our Templates. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Contents
Here
Infographic Style Infographic Style
I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Contents Here
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Contents Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
Modern PowerPoint
- You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
- You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
- You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
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Option B
Option C - Xalqaro tashkilotlar

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Xalqaro tashkilotlar
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Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaOption B
Option C
Option D
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
Your Text Here
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Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
Your Text Here
Infographic Style Infographic Style
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Contents Title
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Contents Title
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Contents Title
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Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
ALLPPT
Layout
Clean Text Slide
for your
Presentation
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CRT - cathode ray tubes;
Radar

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CRT - cathode ray tubes;
Radar
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bet | 115/125 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 4,71 Mb. | | #99646 |
Bog'liq ENG SO\'NGGI Birinchi qism tipografiya uchun (1)CRT - cathode ray tubes;
Radar - radar designed for radar signals received by the receiver;
VI - to choose the plate, used in the manufacture of electronic devices for adjusting certain inconsistencies;
KP - adjusting plate used in the manufacture of electronic devices for adjusting certain inconsistencies;
OP - formulary plate used in the manufacture of electronic devices for adjusting certain inconsistencies;
AP - anode after acceleration;
AOK - address deflection coil;
LCD - Liquid crystals are used in the manufacture of large and extra large-scale integrated circuits;
TWT - traveling wave tube;
BWT - backward-wave tubes;
PV - focusing electrode;
IR - infrared radiation.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
Mirziyoev Sh.M. Buyuk kelajagimizni mard va olijanob xalqimiz bilan birga quramiz. – Toshkent: “O‘zbekiston”, 2017. – 488 b.
О. П. Новожилов. Электроника и схемотехника том 1. Учебник для академического бакалавриата. Москва .: Юрайт 2015.
John Bird. Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology.Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2014.
Ю.Ф. Опадчий, О.П. Глудкин, А.И. Гуров. Аналоговая и сифровая электроника. – М.: Горячая линия – Телеком, 2003.
Степаненко И.П. Основы микроелектроники: Учебное пособие для вузов. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп.- М.: Лаборатория Базовых Знаний, 2001.
Ю.Л. Бобровский, С.А. Корнилов, И.А. Кратиров и др.; Под ред. проф. Н.Ф. Федорова. Электронные, квантовые приборы и микроелектроника: Учебное пособие для вузов.- М.: Радио и связ, 2002.
X.K. Aripov, A.M. Abdullaev, N.B. Alimova. X.X. Bustanov, Ye.V.Obyedkov, Sh.N.Toshmatov. Elektronika: Darslik. – T.: “Fan va texnologiya”, 2011, - 428 b.
Миловзоров О.В. Основы электроники: учебник для СПО / О.В.Миловзоров, И.Г. Панков. – 6-е изд., перераб. И доп. – М.: Издательство Юрайт, 2018. – 344 с.
Шогенов А.Х., Стребков Д.С., Шогенов Ю.Х. Аналоговая, цифровая и силовая электроника: Учебник / Под ред. Академика РАН Д.С. Стребкова. – М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2017. – 416 с.
Основы промышленной электроники: учеб. пособие / Д.А. Кушнер. – Минск.: РИПО, 2020. – 268 с.
S. Salivahanan, Suresh Kumar. Electronic Devices and Circuits: Published by the McGraw Hill Education Private Limited: India, 2018. 311 pages.
Новожилов О.П. Электроника и схемотехника (часть 1): учебник для академического бакалавриата/ О.П. Новожилов.-М.: Издателство Юрайт, 2018.- 382 с.
Терехов В.А. Задачник по электронным приборам: Учебное пособие. – 4-е изд., стер. – СПб.: Издательство «Лань», 2016. – 280 с.
MUNDARIJA
So’z boshi 3
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R. X. Maksudov

R. X. Maksudov
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Transistor - Electronic device designed to enhance current voltage output. Usually it has three working electrode.
MA

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Transistor - Electronic device designed to enhance current voltage output. Usually it has three working electrode.
MA
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bet | 114/125 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 4,71 Mb. | | #99646 |
Bog'liq ENG SO\'NGGI Birinchi qism tipografiya uchun (1)Transistor - Electronic device designed to enhance current voltage output. Usually it has three working electrode.
MA - common emitter, represents one of the electrodes of the bipolar transistor, the common emitter circuit with the most common circuits in electronics, since the signal amplification gives the highest gain;
OK - common collector, is one of the electrodes of the bipolar transistor, the collector junction is the output electrode of the bipolar transistor;
ON - common database that represents one of the electrodes of the bipolar transistor, a schematic image is located between the emitter and the collector electrode;
Efficiency - efficiency, each device has its efficiency in electronics, which specifies the device works on the percentage;
TIR - A material composed of a set of three main types are: metal, insulator, semiconductor. Widely used in the production of field-effect transistors, Schottky transistors;
IC - integrated circuit, mainly on the number of elements is divided into three main types based on the used areas are made in four different ways;
ILE - Integral gates. Logic gates used in the digital technique can be produced in integrated form that provides small dimensions of the device and a relatively small error when dealing with digital technology;
VLSI - a large excess of an integrated circuit, consisting of 10,000 or more elements, and a circuit current in excess of the time, the production process is extremely complicated;
LSI - Large Scale Integrated chip is composed of 1000 or more elements, and a circuit current in excess of the time, the production process is complicated ;
EU - a common numbering system, all units of measurement are associated with the standard units of the given in totality in a single system;
CCD - charge-coupled devices, are devices that can not work without additional charge;
EVP - electronic devices, devices that are in production are made so that a vacuum is created inside the device;
IR - source of the amplified vibrations when working with other electronic devices there is a need exacerbating supply signal fluctuations, and at this point, a source of the amplified oscillations;
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Transistor - Electronic device designed to enhance current voltage output. Usually it has three working electrode.
MA
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Content Here - Xalqaro tashkilotlar

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Xalqaro tashkilotlar
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bet | 6/16 | Sana | 25.05.2024 | Hajmi | 3,07 Mb. | | #253966 |
Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaContent Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Content Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Content Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Content Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Infographic Style Infographic Style
Content Title
Here
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Contents Title
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Infographic Style Infographic Style
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.
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Seans pog‘ona Seans pog‘ona

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Seans pog‘ona Seans pog‘ona
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bet | 3/16 | Sana | 25.05.2024 | Hajmi | 3,07 Mb. | | #253966 |
Bog'liq 2-Ma\'ruzaTransport
Network
Session
Seans pog‘ona Seans pog‘ona
Seans qatlami aloqa seansini saqlash uchun javobgardir. Beshinchi daraja quyidagi xizmatlarni taqdim etadi: u ilovalar o'rtasidagi o'zaro aloqani boshqaradi, vazifalarni sinxronlashtirish, sessiyani tugatish va ma'lumot almashish imkoniyatini ochadi.
Session
Transport
Presentation
Taqdimot pog‘ona Taqdimot pog‘ona
Taqdimot pog‘onasi ma'lumotlarni kodlash/dekodlash, siqish/dekompressiya, turli xil format o'rtasida konvertatsiyasi, shuningdek, grafik tasvirlar qanday tasvirlanganligini ham belgilaydi. Amaliy pog‘onadan olingan dastur so'rovlari tarmoq orqali uzatish formatiga, va aksincha formatga aylantiriladi.
Taqdimot pog’onasi protokollari: AFP - Apple Fileing Protocol, ICA - Independent Computing Architecture, LPP - Lightweight Presentation Protocol, NCP - NetWare Core Protocol, NDR - Network Data Representation, XDR - External Data Representation, X.25 PAD - Protocollar Asse - Protokollar paketi .
Presentation
Session
Application
Amaliy pog‘ona Amaliy pog‘ona
Modelning yuqori pog‘onasi foydalanuvchi bilan tarmoqni bog‘lash uchun interfeyslar to'plamini taqdim etadi. Ilova qatlami ilovalarga tarmoq xizmatlaridan foydalanishga ruxsat berish, foydalanuvchilarni parollari, manzillari, elektron imzolari bo'yicha identifikatsiya qilish, ilovalarga xato haqida ma'lumot berish, mavjud resurslarning yetarliligini aniqlash, ilova jarayonlari o'rtasida almashinadigan ma'lumotlarni boshqarish va dastur jarayonlarining o'zaro ta'sirini sinxronlashtirish funksiyalarini bajaradi.
Application
Presentation
OSI
OSI modeli tarmoqlarni boshqarish va diagnostika qilish uchun asosiy vosita bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Agar tarmoqning biror qismida muammo yuzaga kelsa butun tarmoqni noldan qayta ko‘rib chiqishdan, muammo yuzaga kelgan darajani aniqlash osonroq bo‘ladi.
Tarmoq arxitekturasini bilish, uni qurish va diagnostika qilishni ancha osonlashtiradi. Har bir darajaning boshqalar bilan o‘zaro ta’siri, xavfsizlik qanchalik ta’minlanganligi, tarmoq ichidagi ma’lumotlarni shifrlash, tarmoqning qancha foydalanuvchini qamray olishi, tarmoqqa boshqa element qo‘shish mumkinmi yoki yo‘qligini hisobga olish muhimdir. Keltirilgan mezonlarning har biri yetti darajadan birining funksiyalariga mos keladi. Tarmoq texnologiyalarida, kommutatsiya bilan ishlashda bugungi kunda OSI modeli keng qo‘llaniladi.
Tarmoq texnologiyalarining istiqbollari
Modelni ishlab chiqish uchun asossiz darajada ko‘p vaqt sarflandi, ammo ishlab chiquvchilar o‘sha paytda mavjud bo‘lgan va yaratilayotgan standartlarga yetarlicha e’tibor bermadilar. OSI paydo bo‘lgan paytda boshqa kompaniyalar keng tarqalgan TCP/IP modeli bilan ishlashga ko‘proq e’tibor qaratayotgan edi.
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Titrashga chidam lilik - R. X. Maksudov

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R. X. MaksudovBog'liq Mashina detallari (R.Tojiboyev va b.)Titrashga chidam lilik m ashinalaming ishlash jarayonida titrash
natijasida detallarda qo‘shimcha dinamik kuchlar hosil b o ia d i, bu esa
ularning toliqishiga sabab b o ia d i va ishdan chiqishini tezlashtiradi.
Detallaming titrashga chidamliligini ta’minlash uchun rezonans
hodisasini keltirib chiqaradigan sabablami y o ‘qotish kerak. M a’lumki,
rezonans hodisasi detallam ing o‘zida hosil b o lad ig an xususiy tebranish
chastotasi bilan tashqi kuch ta ’sirida b o lad ig an tebranish chastotasi bir
xil b o ig a n hollarda ro‘y beradi.
M ashinalarda titrash hodisasini kamaytirish uchun statik va dinamik
muvozanatlash shuningdek, titrashni so‘ndirgichlardan, y a’ni maxsus
elastik elementlardan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi.
Texnologik mashinalami poydevorida titrashni kamaytirish uchun
turli qayishqoqlikka ega b o ig a n ko‘p qavatli yostiqchalarni q o lla sh
bilan erishish mumkin.
1.4-§ Kuchlanishlar sikli
M a’lumki, m ashinalam ing detal va elementlarda tashqi kuchlardan
hosil b o ig a n kuchlanishlar shu kuchlarning o ‘zgarishiga b o g iiq b o iib
doimiy yoki o ‘zgaruvchan b o iis h i mumkin. Masalan, o ‘zgaruvchan
kuchlanishli mashinalarda y o ln in g sifati, mashinaning yuklanish
darajasi, bekatlarda to ‘xtab
yurgizishi
va shunga o ‘xshash holatlar
mashina detallarida o ‘zgaruvchan kuchlanishlar hosil qiladi.
Kuchlanish xarakteristikasi sifatida kuchlanish sik l qabul qilingan,
y a ’ni bir davr ichida bir xil kuchlanishlar qiymatining o ‘zgarishi.
Yuklanish siklni vaqt davomida o ‘zgarishi davr deb (1.1-rasm)
ataladi, shartli belgisi T. Bunda ami„ - eng kichik kuchlanish; am =
0,5(ттах+ Tmin)- o ita c h a kuchlanish; та-0,5(ттах+
amplituda sikli;
R= Tmi, / x max- asosiy sikl koeffitsiyenti.
Agarda R=0 (nmin=0; am= aa=0.5 omax) b o is a , kuchlanish pulsatsiya
sikl bilan o ‘zgaradi. (l.lb -ra sm )
Agarda R= -l(
0
^
b o is a , kuchlanish simmetrik sikl
bilan o ‘zgaradi. (1.1 v-rasm).
9
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi
Agarda R - l( a min- 0 ; (Tmax= bo‘lsa, kuchlanish doimiy
sikl bilan o ‘zgaradi. Qolgan hollar uchun kuchlanish nosim metrik sikl
bilan o ‘zgaradi.
(l-la -ra sm ).
M asalan, aylanish soni n , m i n l(burchak tezligi o), s '1) boMgan val
eguvchi moment ta'sirida harakatlanm oqda. Shu valning yuklanish
siklini aniqlash kerak.
T davr ichida kuchlanish bir sikl o ‘zgarish vaqti, s.
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-rasm.
Mahkamlash uchun ishlati ladigan detallarning asosiy lari bu boMt, 
vint, shpilka.
BoMt -

Shpilka - vint ishlatilgan holatlarda
rezba
material
yetarli
darajada
m ustahkam ligi
ta ’m inlanmagan
bo‘lib,
ham da
bunda
birikmani
vaqti-vaqti bilan ajiratib, biriktirish
kerak b o ‘lgan hollarda ishlatiladi.
A.gar sterjenning ikki uchi rezbali
qilib yasalgan bo‘lsa, u shpilka deb
ataladi
(2.9-rasm, v). Yeyilishga
chidam li, FIK yuqori bo‘lishi uchun
ishqalanish
kuchi
nisbatan
kam
b o ‘lishi kerak.
0 ‘zgaruvchan kuch va moment ta ’sirida rezbali birikm aiar o ‘z-
o ‘zidan buralib bo‘shashi mumkin. Buning sababi titrash natijasida
rezbalardagi ishqalanish kamayadi va buning oqibatida o ‘z-o‘zidan
torm ozlanish xususiyati y o ‘qoladi. Shuning uchun o ‘zgaruvchan kuchlar
ta ’sirida
birikmalardagi
rezbalarning
o ,'z -o ‘zidan
buralm asligiga
quyidagi usullar yordam ida erishish mumkin:
T = 2
tz - R. X. Maksudov

T = 2
tz
/
oj
= 6 0 /
h
Lh soat jarayonida sikllarning umumiy soni
N=3600L,/T=573coLh=60nLh
10
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II bob. BIRIKM ALAR
Umumiy m a’lum otlar
M a’lumki, m ashinalar detal va uzellardan tashkil topib birikmalar
vositasida у ig‘ iladi. Birikmalar esa ajraladigan va ajralmaydigan turlarga
boMinadi.
Ajralmaydigan birikmalar, bu shunday birikmalarki, bunda mashina
uzellarini ayrim qismlarga ajratilganda, ishchi yuzalariga shikast
yetkaziladi, ya’ni birikma hosil qilish uchun bu ishchi yuzasi qayta
ishlanadi. Parchin mixli, payvand hamda detallari o ‘zaro tigMzlik bilan
oMkazilgan birikmalar shunday birikmalar hisoblanadi.
Rezbali, shponkali, shlitsli birikmalar ajraladigan birikmalar bo‘lib,
bunda uzellar detallarga ajratilganda detallning ishchi qismiga shikast
yetkazilmaydi. M ashinalaming yaxshi ishlamasligi, muddatdan oldin
ishdan chiqishi, ishlash jarayonida shovqinning oshib ketishiga undagi
birikma sifatining pastligi (sifatli m ahkamlanmaganligi, payvandlan-
maganligi, birikma uchun material noto‘g ‘pi tanlanganligi va h.k.) sabab
boMadi.
Birikma elementlari asosan mustahkamlikka hisoblanadi. Bunda
birikma elementlarining mustahkamligi biriktirilayotgan detallarning
mustahkamligi bilan bir xilda boMishishiga erishish kerak.
2.1-§. Rezbali birikm alar
Ajraladigan birikmalarning eng k o bp tarqalgan turi rezbali
birikmalardir. BoMt, vint, shpilka rezbalam ing xususiy hollari bo4lib,
mashinalaming ular vositasida yig‘ilgan uzellari kerak boMgan vaqtda
ayrim
detallarga
ajratilishi
va yana
qayta yigMlishi
mumkin.
Rezbali birikmalarning afzalliklari. 1. Tuzilishi oddiy. 2. YigMsh va
detallarga ajratish yengil. 3. Hamma oMchamlari standart boMganligi
uchun nisbatan arzon. 4. Katta yuklanishlarga chidamli.
Kamchiliklari. Detallarda rezbalarning boMishi yuklanishni tuplanishga
olib keladi, bu esa o ‘zgaruvchi kuchlanishlar ta ’sirida mustahkamligini
pasaytiradi.
и
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|
Yeyilishga chidamlilik - R. X. Maksudov

Yeyilishga chidamlilik: M ateriallarning yeyilishga qarshilik koM'sata
olish xususiyati, yeyilishga chidam lilik deb ataladi. Yeyilish bu
detallarning o ‘zaro ishqalanishi tufayli sodir boMib, o ‘z oMchamlarini
asta sekin o ‘zgarishidir.
D etallarning yeyilishga chidam liligi, materiallarning fizika-m exanika
xususiyatlari, termik qayta ishlanishi, aniqlik darajasi, ishqalanayotgan
ishchi yuzalar oMtasidagi bosim, sirpanish tezligi, ishqalanish rejimi,
ishlash sharoitlariga bogMiq boMadi.
Detallarning yey i lishi
natijasida
o ‘zaro
ishqalanuvchi yuzalar
oMtasidagi b o‘shliq oshadi, natijada ish jarayonida shovqin chiqishiga,
qo‘shimcha dinamik kuchlarning hosil boMishiga hamda detallarning
tezda ishdan chiqishiga sabab boMadi. Shuningdek, detallari yeyilgan
m ashinalarda tayyorlangan m ahsulotlarning oMchamlari aniq chiqmaydi.
Ishchi yuzalariga tashqi muhitdan abraziv zarrachalar kirmasligi
uchun yaxshi zichlagichlar ishlatilishi, ishchi yuzalarni termik qayta
ishlash, yuzalar o'rtasidagi
bosimni
bir tekisda taqsimlanishini
ta ’minlash, suyuqlikdagi ishqalanish rejasini ta’minlash yoMlari bilan
detallarning yeyilishini kamaytirishi mumkin.
Detallarning yeyilishiga chidam liligini hisoblash solishtirma bosim
[] b o ‘yicha olib boriladi.
Issiqlikka chidam lilikdetallarning berilgan muddati davomida
ruxsat etilgan issiqlikda ishlay olish xususiyati issiqlikka chidamlilik deb
ataladi. Detallar o'zaro bir-biriga ishqalanishi natijasida qiziydi, bu
qizish natijasida detallarning mustahkamligi pasayadi, moylam i moylash
xususiyati kamayadi, natijada o ‘zaro ishqalanuvchi detallarning yeyilishi
ortadi. Bunday holat yuz bermasligi uchun, ishqalanuvchi yuzalam ing
qizishi m e’yoridan oshmasligi kerak, y a ’ni Q shart bajarilishi lozini.
Bunda Q - ishqalanuvchi yuzalarda ishlash jarayonida hosil boMgan
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issiqlik miqdori, kkal;
Qt - mashinadan tashqariga tarqaluvchi issiqlik
miqdori, kkal.
M ashinalaming qizishi aniqlanib m e’yoridan oshib ketmasligi uchun
mahsus sovutgichlar ishlatiladi yoki mashinaga konstruktiv o ‘zgarishlar
kiritiladi.
Trapetsiodal rezba - R. X. Maksudov

2.6-rasm.
2.7-rasm.
ga) to
(YcAJki
razha)
Tirak rezba 2.7-rasm. Rezba nosim metrik boMib ishchi bo‘lmagan
yuzasini qiyalik burchagi 30°. Ishchi qismning qiyalik burchagi 3°.
Yuklanish
katta
boMgan
(vintli
press,
domkrat va
boshqalar)
birikmalarda ishlatiladi. Rezbaning shartli belgisi SSOxlO, bunda S-tirak
rezba; 80-diametri. mm; 6-rezba qadami, mm.
Aylanasimon rezba 2.8-rasm.
Rezba shaklini burchagi a=30°.
Asosan dinamik yuklanish boMgan
birikmalarda ishlatiladi.
Yuqorida ko‘rsatilgan rezbalar-
ning eng ko 'p tarqalgani metrik
rezba bo‘lib asosan mahkamlash
uchun ishlatiladi.
R ez’ba haqida umumiy m a’lu m o t

Detallarni o ‘zaro mahkam lash uchun asosan yirik rezbalar
ishlatiladi, nisbatan kam yeyiladi. M ayda qadamli rezbalar o ‘zgaruvchan
kuchlanish ta'sir qiluvchi mexanizmlarda, devorlarning qalinligi yupqa
b o ig a n detallarni m ahkam lashda ishlatiladi.
Rezbaning shartli belgisi
M harfi bilan belgilanadi, yonidagi son
uning tashqi diametrini bildiradi. Masalan, M24, demak metrik rezba
d=24mm. Agarda rezba m ayda qadamli bo ‘lsa, qadam o ich am i
ko‘rsatiladi, masalan M 24xl,5 , bunda metrik rezba tashqi diametri
d=24m m , qadami Ph= 1,5mm.
XI bob.
 M U F T A L A R

R .N .T O JIB O Y E V , A .J .J O ‘R A Y E V , R .X .M A K S U D O V
MASHINA
DETALLARI
Toshkent — «Fan va texnologiya» — 2010
M u h a r r i r :
T e x n i k
m u h a r r i r :
M u s a h h i h :
K o m p y u t e r d a
s a h ifa lo v c h i:
A . E s h o v
A . M o y d i n o v
M . H a y it o v a
N . H a s a n o v a
Bosishga ruxsat etildi 22.09.2010. Bichimi 60x84 1 / j6.
«Timez Uz» garniturasi. Ofset bosma usulida bosildi.
Shartli bosma tabog
l.l - § . Umumiy m a’lum otlar

|
l.l - § . Umumiy m a’lum otlarBog'liq Mashina detallari (R.Tojiboyev va b.)l.l - § . Umumiy m a’lum otlar
M ashina detallari fani barcha turdagi m ashinalar uchun umumiy
b o ig a n detal (b o lt, gayka, tishli g‘ildirak va boshqalar) va uzellarni
hisoblash va loyihalash asoslarini o‘rgatuvchi fandir.
Detal - m ashinaning bir xil materiallardan tayyorlangan va alohida
b o la k la rg a ajralmaydigan qismi. Masalan, bo‘lt, gayka, shkiv, tishli
g ild ira k va boshqalar.
Uzel — bir necha detallam ing yig'indisidan iborat b o iib , mashinada
biror bir ishni bajarishga m oijallangan.
M ashinasozlikda bir turdagi mashinalar uchun umumiy b o ig a n detal
va uzellardan tashqari faqat bir yoki bir necha m ashinalarda ishlaydigan
detal va uzellar ham uchraydi, masalan, paxta tozalash m ashinasining
arrasi, to ‘qimachilik m ashinalarda ishlatiladigan urchuq, tikuv mashina-
larida ishlatiladigan ignalar va boshqalar. Bu detallarni loyihalash va
hisoblash mahsus kurslarda o ‘rganiladi.
Barcha turdagi m ashinalarda ishlatiladigan detal va uzellarni quyi
dagi guruhlarga b o lis h mumkin:
1. Birikmalar. Ajralmas (payvand, kalta mixli va boshqalar), ajra-
luvchan (b o ltli, shponkali va boshqalar) birikmalar guruhiga b o lin ad i.
2. Uzatmalar. Harakatni bir valdan ikkinchi valga o'zaro ishlashish
(tishli, zanjirli va boshqalar) yoki ishqalanish (tasmali, friktsion va
boshqalar) yordam ida uzata oladigan guruhlarga b o lin ad i.
3 .
Uzellarda ishlatiladigan
( v a l l a r ,
podshipniklar, m uftalar) detallar
guruhi.
Fanni oi'ganishdan maqsad shu barcha turdagi m ashinalarda
ishlatiladigan detal va uzellarni m ustahkamlikka hisoblash va loyihalash
asoslarini oi'ganish. Bunda material tanlash, termik qayta ishlash,
detallning aniqlik darajasi, tayyorlash texnologiyasi masalalari ko‘rila-
di.
6
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-§. B o it sterjenini inustahkamlikka hisoblash

|
-§. B o it sterjenini inustahkamlikka hisoblashBog'liq Mashina detallari (R.Tojiboyev va b.)2.7-§. B o it sterjenini inustahkamlikka hisoblash
B o itli birikmalaming sterjenida tashqi kuch ta’sirida har xil
kuchlanishlar hosil b o ia d i. Bunda sterjendagi kuchlanishlar qiymati
tashqi kuchlarning y o ‘nalishiga bog‘liq b o iib , quyidagicha aniqlanadi.
l-hol. B o it sterjeniga faqat cho‘zuvchi kuch ta’sir etadi. Bunga
sirib tortilmagan, y a ’ni zo'riqtirilm agan holatda osib qo ‘yilgan ilgak
misol bo ‘la oladi (2.16-rasm). Uning rezbali qismi tashqi F kuch
ta ’sirida cho‘zilishga d, diametr bo‘yicha tekshiriladi:
2-hol. B o it sirib tortilgan bo‘lib, sterjenga tashqi kuch ta ’sir
etmaydi (2.17-rasm). Bunga masalan, yopiq uzatmaning qopqog'ini sirib
mahkamlash uchun ishlatiladigan b o itla r kiradi.
B o it sterjenga sirib tortish natijasida cho‘zuvchi va burovchi
kuchlanishlar hosil b o ia d i, bunda tashqi cho‘zuvchi kuch ta’sirida hosil
b o ig a n kuchlanish
o=4F/Kd/2 sterjen rezbasidagi
moment ta'sirida
hosil b o ig a n burovchi kuchlanish quyidagicha b o iad i:
[
2
.
8
]
F
F
2.17-rasm.
2.16-rasm.
, _ TP _
0
-
5
F d
2
tg «p + p l )
wF
old;
Sterjendagi umumiy (ekvivalent) kuchlanish
[2.9]
23
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bu yerda
т _ 0,5 Fd,tg(cr + p')nd,2
~
' ~
~
W
>
[
2
.
10
]
Qadami nisbatan katta b o‘lgan metrik rezbalar uchun dz =\.\dx,
/? = 2"30\
deb qabul qilsak, rla -0 .5 . d2,
ning qabul qilingan
qiymatlari uchun а.ж
в = 1,3a .
Demak, bo‘lt sterjeniga cho‘zuvchi va burovchi kuchlar ta ’sir
qilganda, umumiy
fv
kuchning qiymatini yuqorida berilgandek olish
tavsiya etiladi, bunda kuchlanishning qiymati quyidagicha aniqlanadi:
a =l,3cr = 5,2F/nd; <[<т]. B o‘lt rezbasining hisobiy diametri
[(7] = cr» /H - bo‘lt Bu yerda uchun cho‘zilishdan Rixsat etilgan
kuchlanish. crf)4-b o ‘lt m aterialning oquvchanlik chegarasi. [5]-xavfsizlik
koeffitsiyenti.
3-hol. Bo‘lt sirib tortilgan, bo‘lt sterjeniga cho‘zuvchi kuch ta ’sir
etadi. Bunga (gaz, suyuqlik) bosim ostida bo‘ladigan germetik
idishlam ing qopqog‘i misol bo‘laoladi (2.18-rasm ).
M asalan birikma boshlang‘ich F0
kuch bilan sirib tortilgan bunda
birikma tirqishdan havo yoki suyuqlik chiqmaydi. Birikma bo‘ltlariga
tashqi kuch (germetik idishdagi bosim) ta ’sir bo‘lganda har bir b o‘lt
sterjenni shu tashqi
kuchlar ta ’sirida Al; ga cho‘ziladi, (1-x) F kuch
ta ’sirida birikm a qistirmalari siqilishi Ald ga kamaytiriladi, 2.14-rasm.
Bunda x * tashqi kuchni qay bir qismini bo‘lt steijenga ta’sir ko‘rsa-
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Infographic Style Infographic Style

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Infographic Style Infographic Style
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Contents B 
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Xalqaro tashkilotlar
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-§ Mashina va detallarga qo‘yiIadigan talablar

larining qiymati bilan belgilanadi. Detallami
mustahkamlikka hisoblash
asoslari «M ateriallar qarshiligi» kursida o ‘rganiladi.
Detallarni mustahkamligini ishchi yuzalarini termik qayta ishlash,
kuchlanishlarni to ‘planish holatini kamaytirish, ratsional forma tanlash
v o ila ri bilan oshirish mumkin.
Bikrlik detallarning ishlash jarayonida tashqi kuchlar ta ’sirida elastik
deform atsiyasi ruxsat etilgan qiym atdan oshmasligi uchun bikrligi
ta ’m inlangan boMishi kerak. Masalan. vallarning bikrligi ta’m inlangan
boMsa, ularga o ‘rnatilgan podshipniklar,
tishli gMldirak, muftalarni
yaxshi ishlashiga sharoit tug‘dirilgan boMadi. Bikrlikni ruxsat etilgan
qiymatlarini elastik nazariyasi asosida aniqlash mumkin.
-ModuI. Hujayralar muxandisligi

3-ModuI. Hujayralar muxandisligi.
14
|
Hujayra va to‘qimalar biotexnologiyasi
|
Biotexnologiyada ajratilgan hujayra va to‘qimalar kulturasini asosiy yo‘nalishlari. 0 ‘simlik hujayra va to‘qimalarini in vitro tizimida kulturlash texnikasi.Ozuqa muhitlar. Kulturalash sharoiti.
|
2
|
15
|
Hujayra va to‘qimalar biotexnologiyasi
|
Biotexnologiyada ajratilgan hujayra va to‘qimalar kulturasini asosiy yo‘nalishlari. 0 ‘simlik hujayra va to‘qimalarini in vitro tizimida kulturlash texnikasi.Ozuqa muhitlar. Kulturalash sharoiti.
|
2
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16
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Kallus to‘qimalari kulturasi va gormonga bog‘liq bo‘lmagan o‘simIik to‘qimalari
|
Kallus to‘qimalarining umumiy tavsifi. Kallus to‘qimalarining o‘ziga xosligi. Kallus hujayralari genetikasi. Gormonga qaram boimagan o‘simlik to‘qimalari.Moslashgan hujayralar. Kimyoviy shishlar.
|
2
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17
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Hujayralar suspenziyasi va yakka hujayralar kulturasi
|
Hujayralar suspenziyasini olish. Hujayralar suspenziyasining biotexnologiyada qo‘llanilishi. Hujayralar suspenziyasining sifatini aniqlash. Alohida hujayralami kulturalashning ahamiyati. Yakka hujayralami ajratish. Yakka hujayralardan foydalanish soxalari. Yakka hujayralami olish usullari. Yakka hujayralami klonlash.
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2
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18
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Ikkilamchi sintez moddalarini olishda kallus hujayralari kulturasi
|
Kallus hujayralari kulturasining ikkilamchi moddalami sintez qilish xususiyati. 0 ‘simliklar hujayralari kulturasidan olinadigan iqtisodiy muhimt maxsulotlar. Bioreaktorlarda hujayralar kulturasini o‘stirish texnologiyasi.
|
2
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|
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Mavzuning nomi - Gen va hujayra muxandisligi ishchi fan dasturi

Mavzuning nomi
|
Mavzuning mazmuni
|
Ajratilgan soat xajmi
|
VI-semestr
|
1-Modul gen va hujayra muxandisligining umumiy asoslari
|
1
|
Gen va hujayralar muxandisligi fanining ahamiyati va asosiy vazifalari
|
Kirish. Gen va hujayra muxandisligining rivojlanish bosqichlari. Gen va hujayra muxandisligi fanining rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan olimlar. Hozirgi kunda gen va hujayralar muxandisligi boyicha erishilgan yutuqlar. Gen, genom va hujayra muxandisligi zamonaviy biomuxandislikning asosiy yo‘nalishidir. Gen, genom va hujayra muxandisligining vazifalari.
|
2
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2
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Molekulyar genetika va molekulyar biologiya gen muhandisligining asosiy poydevori
|
Oqsillar biosintezining umumiy sxemasi. Gen, transkripsiya, protsessing, translyasiya, genetik kod tushunchalari. m-RNK, t-RNK, r-RNK lami oqsillar biosintezidagi roli. Ribosomalar.
|
2
|
3
|
Molekulyar genetika va molekulyar biologiya gen muhandisligining asosiy poydevori
|
Oqsillar biosintezining umumiy sxemasi. Gen, transkripsiya, protsessing, translyasiya, genetik kod tushunchalari. m-RNK, t-RNK, r-RNK lami oqsillar biosintezidagi roli. Ribosomalar.
|
2
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4
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Gen muxandisligi fermentlari va DNK bo‘laklarini qirqish va restriksion xaritalarni tuzish
|
Gen muxandisligi fermentlari, ulami klassifikatsiyasi. Restriktazalar, ligazalar. DNK bo‘laklarini qirqish va restriksion xaritalarni tuzish - flzikaviy xaritasini tuzish usullari.
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2
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5
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Nukleotidlar kctma-ketliklarini aniqlash - sekvenirlash
|
Nukleotidlar ketma-ketliklarini aniqlash - sekvenirlash. Kimyoviy sekvenirlash. Fermentativ sekvenirlash
|
2
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6
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Rekombinant DNK olish texnologiyasi
|
Rekombinant DNK texnologiyasi. Gen-ko‘chirishning uchta manba’i. Restriksiya va ligirlash, yot genni vektorga ko‘chirish. Vektomi probirkadan hujayraga ko‘chirish, transformatsiya. DNK-vektomi ekspressiya tizimiga transfeksiyasi. Prokariot genlaming ekspressiyasini o‘ziga xosligi. Aloxida va qarindosh genlami klonlash.
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2
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7
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Rekombinant DNK olish texnologiyasi
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Rekombinant DNK texnologiyasi. Gen-ko‘chirishning uchta manba’i. Restriksiya va ligirlash, yot genni vektorga ko‘chirish. Vektomi probirkadan hujayraga ko‘chirish, transformatsiya. DNK-vektomi ekspressiya tizimiga transfeksiyasi. Prokariot genlaming ekspressiyasini o‘ziga xosligi. Aloxida va qarindosh genlami klonlash.
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2
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8
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Vektor molekulalar va Transformatsiya
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Vektorlami konstruksiya qilish prinsiplari. Gen muxandisligida yuqori sifatli vektorlaming xususiyatlari. Vektorlami plazmidalardan farqi. Selektiv markerlar. Ikki markerli selektiv tizim. Polilinker - restriksiya jarayoning ko‘paytirilgan saytidir. Bakterial plazmidalar. Viruslar. Viroidlar.Transformatsiyaning ahamiyati va asosiy usullari.
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2
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9
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Genom bibliotekasi
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Organizmning DNK izchilliklari to‘liq to‘plamining vektor tarkibida klonlanish. Butun genomni alohida qismlarga ajratish. Alohida izchilliklarni,turli genomlaming muayyan qismlarini qiyosiy tahlil qilish va asosiysi individual genlami ajratish hamda ular bilan ishlash.
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2
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Jami
  


  
36-soat

Jami
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36-soat
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VII-semestr
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19
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Protaplast olish texnologiyasi
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0‘simliklar protoplastlari, ulaming biologik konstruksiyalarda qo‘llanilishi. Protoplastlami kulturalash usullari. Protorlastlami olish va kulturalash usullari Protoplastlaming birlashishi. 0 ‘simliklaming regeneratsiyasi.
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2
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20
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O'simliklarni kionli mikrokopaytirish
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0 ‘siliklami kionli mikroko‘paytirishning an’anaviy usullarga nisbatan afzalliklari. 0 ‘simliklami kionli mikroko‘paytirish bosqichlari va usullari. Soglomlashtirilgan, virusdan holi ekish materiallari olish. 0 ‘simliklaming kionli mikroko‘paytirish sharoitini optimallashtirish. 0 ‘simliklami kionli mikroko^aytirishga genetik, fiziologik, gormonal va flzik omillar ta’siri.
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2
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21
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O'simliklarni kionli mikrokopaytirish
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0 ‘siliklami kionli mikroko‘paytirishning an’anaviy usullarga nisbatan afzalliklari. 0 ‘simliklami kionli mikroko‘paytirish bosqichlari va usullari. Soglomlashtirilgan, virusdan holi ekish materiallari olish. 0 ‘simliklaming kionli mikroko‘paytirish sharoitini optimallashtirish. 0 ‘simliklami kionli mikroko^aytirishga genetik, fiziologik, gormonal va flzik omillar ta’siri.
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2
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22
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Hujayralar kulturasi asosida dorivor moddalar olish
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In vitro sharoitida o’stirilgan hujayra va to’qimalardan biotexnologik usullar yordamida biologic faol va dorivor moddalar olish
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2
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23
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Hujayralar kulturasi asosida dorivor moddalar olish
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In vitro sharoitida o’stirilgan hujayra va to’qimalardan biotexnologik usullar yordamida biologic faol va dorivor moddalar olish
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2
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24
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Hayvon hujayralari kulturasi va ularning hujayralarini duragaylash
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Hayvon hujayralarini kulturalash tarixi. Hujayralami kulturaga kiritish, ulaming kelib chiqishi. In vitro tizimida kulturalanayotgan hujayralar kulturasi. Hayvon hujayralarini kulturalash uchun ozuqa muxiti va kulturalash sharoiti. Hujayralami kulturalash tizimi. Organlami kulturalash. Usui tarixi. Ximer hayvonlar yaratish usullari. Hujayralaming qo‘shilish mexanizmi. Monoklonal antitanalar. Antitanalami funksional strukturasi. Monoklonal antitanalaming qo‘llanilishi.
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2
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25
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Hayvon hujayralari kulturasi va ularning hujayralarini duragaylash
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Hayvon hujayralarini kulturalash tarixi. Hujayralami kulturaga kiritish, ulaming kelib chiqishi. In vitro tizimida kulturalanayotgan hujayralar kulturasi. Hayvon hujayralarini kulturalash uchun ozuqa muxiti va kulturalash sharoiti. Hujayralami kulturalash tizimi. Organlami kulturalash. Usui tarixi. Ximer hayvonlar yaratish usullari. Hujayralaming qo‘shilish mexanizmi. Monoklonal antitanalar. Antitanalami funksional strukturasi. Monoklonal antitanalaming qo‘llanilishi.
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2
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