nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Pentium 4E mikroprotsessorlari

|
Pentium 4E mikroprotsessorlari
|
bet | 7/10 | Sana | 30.11.2023 | Hajmi | 67,9 Kb. | | #108212 |
Bog'liq 1 ma’ruza. Kompyuter tizimlari arxitekturasi Reja-fayllar.orgPentium 4E mikroprotsessorlari. 7-avlod protsessorlar oilasi, 0,09 mkm texnologiyasi bо‘yicha tayyorlangan, Pentium 4E mikroprotsessorining yadrosi Prescott protsessor razyomi Socket LGA775 ga mо‘ljallangan; Pentium 4E takt chastotasi 2,8; 3; 3,2; 3,4 va 3,6 GGs ga ega. Ularning barchasida 2-bosqich 1024 Kbayt li kesh-xotiraga ega. MP ning ikkita modeli ishlab chiqarilganPentium 4EYE - Extreme Edition ( shuningdek ularni quyidagicha belgilaydilar Pentium 4XE – eXtreme Tdition – 3,2 va 3,4 GGs, 2-bosqich kesh-xotirasi 2048 Kbayt sig‘imga ega bо‘lgan) 0,09 mkm texnologiyasi bо‘yicha tayyorlangan barcha mikroprotsessorlar uchun i900, iP va iX oilasiga mansub tizimli chipsetlar kerak bо‘ladi.
Barcha Pentium 4E mikroprotsessorlarida buyruqlar konveyeri 32 ta bosqichgacha kengaytirilgan (qolgan Pentium mikroprotsessorlarida esa – 20 ta bosqich).
Pentium D. Ikki yadroli Pentium D, “Smithfield” kodlangan nom bilan taniqli,0,09 mkm texnologiyasi bо‘yicha tayyorlangan,Pentium D ikki yadroli bо‘lib bir yadroliPentium D dan kо‘p farq qilmaydi, u shuningdek Socket LGA775razyomni ishlatadi, lekin uni ishlashi uchun i945 yoki katta nomerli i900, iP va iX tizimli chipsetlar kerak bо‘ladi.
CeleronD.2,3 – 3 GGs takt chastotali CeleronD mikroprotsessori 0,09 mkm texnologiyasi bо‘yicha tayyorlangan va FSB = 533 MGs chastotani quvvatlaydi.
2.2.Intel mikroprotsessorlaridagi samarali texnologiyalar
Kichik kompyuterlar uchun Intel Centrino texnologiyasi quyidagi qismlardan tashkil topgan:
Pentium M mikroprotsessori;
I855 tizimli chipset;
IEEE 802.11 (Wi Fi) va IEEE 802.16 (Wi Max) protokollar bо‘yicha simsiz ega bо‘lish vositalari.
Centrino texnologiyasining keyingi ishlamalari (versiyalari): Core mikroprotsessorlari uchunCentrino Duo; TV – tyunerlarni Somona quvvatlaydi;Yonah ikki yadroli protsessori Napa ni ishlatadi, yadrolar uchun umumiybо‘lgan L2 kesh, Intel 945 Express Mobile chipseti va simsiz adapter Intel PRO/Wireless IEEE 802. 11e.
|
| |
Pentium Pro mikroprotsessorlari

Pentium Pro mikroprotsessorlari. 1995 yili sentabrda oltinchi avlod mikroprotsessori 80686 (R6) ishlab chiqarilgan, savdo belgisi Pentium Pro. Mikroprotsessor ikkita kristalldan tashkil topgan: MP va kesh-xotira. Ammo u oddiyPentium bilan tо‘liq mos emas, xususan unga maxsus tizimli plata ta’lab etiladi.Pentium Pro 32-bitli ilovalar bilan juda yaxshi ishlaydi, 16-bitlida esa oddiyPentium ba’zida bir muncha yutqizadi. Yangi sxemotexnik yechimlar SHK uchun ancha yuqori unumdorlikni taminlaydi. Bu yangiliklarning bir qisimi “dinamik bajarilish” (dynamic execution) nomi bilan umumlashtirilishi mumkin, birinchi navbatda bu kо‘p bosqichli superkonveyerli tarkib (suoerpipelining) boshqarishni shartli о‘tkazishda dasturda shoxlanish borligini bashorati (multiple branch prediction) mavjudligini bildiruvchi va buyruqlarni shoxlanishi bо‘lishi mumkin deb taxmini qilingan yо‘ldan bajarilishi (speculative execution) mavjudligini bildiradi.
Kо‘p masalalar yechiladigan dasturlarda, ayniqsa iqtisodiy masalalarda, kо‘p sonli boshqarishni shartli uzatish mavjud. Agarda protsessor oldindan о‘tish yо‘nalishini (shoxlanish) aytib bera olsa, hisoblash konveyerlarini optimal yuklanishining hisobiga uning ishlash unumdorligi jiddiy oshadi. Agarda shoxlanish yо‘li notо‘g‘ri bashorat qilingan bо‘lsa, protsessor olingan natijani tashlab (nolga о‘tkazib), konveyerni tozalab va yangidan kerakli buyruqlarni yuklashi kerak bо‘ladi, bu esa yetarli darajada kо‘p taktni ta’lab etadi. Pentium Pro protsessorida tо‘g‘ri bashorat qilish ehtimoli 90%, Pentium protsessorlarida esa 80%.
256 – 1024 Kbaytli kesh-xotira - Pentium protsessorli yuqori unumdorli tizimlarda bо‘lishi kerak bо‘lgan sharoitdir. Biroq ularda joylashtirilgan kesh-xotira katta bо‘lmagan sig‘imga ega, uning asosiy qismi esa protsessordan tashqarida tizimli platada joylashgan bо‘ladi. Shuning uchun ular bilan axborotlar almashuvi kо‘pincha MP ning ichki chastotasida bо‘lmay, 2 - 5 hissa kam bо‘lgan takt generatorining chastotasida amalga oshiriladi, bu esa kompyuterning umumiy tezligini kamaytiradi. Pentium Pro mikroprotsessorida 1-bosqich kesh-xotirasi (buyruq va axborotlar uchun 8 Kbayt dan) va 256 yoki 512 Kbayt sig‘imli mikroprotsessor platasida joylashgan va MP ning ichki chastotasida ishlovchi 2-bosqich kesh-xotira kristalli mavjud.
|
Xususiyatlari - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

43
EtherChannel mantiqiy kanal fizik kanal bo`ylab kadrlarni
taqsimlaydi, raqamli belgiga ega kadrda manzil to`g`risida
axborotlarga tegishli
ikkilik shablonda ifodalaydi, dastlabki
bosqichida mantiqiy kanalda fizik kanallardan biri tanlaniladi.
EtherChannel kanallarni taqsimlash Cisco xeshlash algoritmiga
asoslanadi.
Cisco qurilmasida kanalni agregatsiyalashni sozlashda bir
nechta terminlardan foydalaniladi:
- EtherChannel — kanallarni agregatsiyalash texnologiyasi.
Termin kanallarni agregatsiyalash uchun Cisco da foydalaniladi.
EtherChannel dan ekranlanmagan juft o`ramli kabellar (UTP) yoki bir
va ko`p moddali optik tolali kabellar orqali lokal tarmoqda
kommutatorlarni, marshrutizatorlar, serverlar, mijozlar bir-biri bilan
bog`lashda foydalaniladi.
– port-channel — mantiqiy interfeys, ya’ni fizik
interfeyslarni birlashtiradi.
– channel-group — bu buyruq qaysi mantiqiy interfeys fizik
interfeysda joylashganligini va qaysi agregatsiyalash rejimidan
foydalanishi ko`rsatadi.
Interface range fa0/1-2
Channel-group
1
mode on
Interface range fa0/1-2 - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

42
manba yoki manzil portlari (bitta mezon yoki ularning kombinatsiyasi
boʻyicha).
Bazi bir interfeysning haqiqiy ish yukini hech qanday tarzda
hisoblab boʻlmaydi. Shuning uchun bitta interfeys boshqalarga
qaraganda
koʻproq
yuklanishi
mumkin.
Bundan
tashqari,
muvozanatlash usulini notoʻgʻri tanlagan holda (yoki boshqa usullar
mavjud boʻlmasa) yoki ba'zi topologiyalarda, aslida barcha
ma'lumotlar, bitta interfeys orqali uzatiladigan vaziyat yuzaga kelishi
mumkin.
Ba'zi tarmoq ma’murlari turli xil qurilmalarni agregatsiyalash
protokollari yordamida birlashtirishadi. Bunda, nafaqat kanal, balki
qurilmaning oʻzi ham zaxiralanadi. Bunday texnologiyalar, odatda,
tarqatilgan kanallar agregatsiyasi deb ataladi (koʻplab ishlab
chiqaruvchilar ushbu texnologiya uchun oʻz nomlariga ega).
Cisco qurilmalarida kanallarni agregatsiyalash uchun uchta
variantdan biri foydalanilishi mumkin:
– LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) standart
protokoli;
– PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) Cisco protokoli;
Protokollardan foydalanmasdan statik agregatsiyalash.
4.1-jadval. Agregatsiyalash protokollari xususiyatlari
spanning-tree vlan vlan-id priority value

47
foydalaniladi. Muhimliligi (priority) kichik kommutator asosiy
kommutator hisoblanadi. (masalan,
spanning-tree vlan 1 priority
24576). Tarmoqdagi kommutatorlar dastlabki holatda barchasi bir xil
bo`ladi (Priority 32769).
4.10-rasm. Root switchni koʻrish jarayoni
Priorityni o`rnatishda qadamlar soniga e’tibor beriladi, ya’ni
har bir qadam uzunliligi 4096 ga teng.
4.11-rasm. Switchni muhimliligi (priority) belgilash
Bu usul bo`yicha sw4 ni root switch qilib sozlaymiz (
Eslatma:
sw2ga sozlangan kommandani olib tashlang. sw2(config)#no
spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary).
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Sw4
sw4(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 24576
Quyida keltirilgan tarmoq parametrlari sozlangandan keyin
kommutatorlar bir-biriga xabar jo`natib, LAN tarmog`i uchun ildiz
kommutatorni tanlab oladi. Hozirgi mavjud konfiguratsiyalarni
ko`rish uchun:
show spanning-tree – kommutator uchun ko`prik (most)
muhimliliklarini ko`rishda foydalaniladi
show
spanning-tree
active -
spanning-tree
protokolida
ishlayotgan faqat faol interfeyslarning konfiguratsiyasini ko`rsatadi.
48
show spanning-tree summary —port holatlari haqida ma’lumot
beradi.
show spanning-tree root — ildiz ko`prigining konfiguratsiyasi
haqida ma’lumot beradi.
show spanning-tree detail —port haqida batafsil ma’lumot
olish
show
spanning-tree
interface —
STP
interfeysi
va
konfiguratsiyasi holati haqida ma’lumot beradi.
LACP, PAgP protokollarini ishlash prinsipi
4.12-rasm. Sw4 komutatorni asosiy qilib belgilash
Sw1 da EtherChannel sozlash:
sw1(config)# interface range f0/11-14
sw1(config-if-range)# shutdown
sw1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode active
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1
Sw2 da EtherChannel sozlash:
sw2(config)# interface range f0/11-14
sw2(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode passive
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel
1
Sw1 ga jismoniy interfeyslarni ulash:
49
sw1(config)# interface range f0/11-14
sw1(config-if-range)# no shutdown
Etherchannel to`g`risida axborotlar 4.13-rasmda keltirilgan.
4.13-rasm. sw2 port-channel to`g`risida axborotlar
PAgP yordami bilan kanal pog`ona EtherChannel sozlash
Nazorat savollari - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

31
Qurilma sozlamalariga kirish uchun kerak bo`ladigan parolning
yo`qotilishi yoki unutilish holatlari tez-tez uchrab turadi. Ushbu
laboratoriya ishida Cisco kommutatorlari va marshrutizatorlarida
parollarni olib tashlash (
Сброс) jarayoni ko`rib chiqiladi.
Quyida keltiriladigan usullar qurilmaga to`g`ridan-to`g`ri
konsol kabel orqali ulanishni ko`zda tutadi. Shuning uchun ham
qurilma joylashgan xonaga faqat kirish huquqiga ega foydalanuvchilar
kirishi, xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan e`tiborga olinishi kerak. Ushbu
metodikalarning mohiyati quyidagicha: paroli unutilgan yoki
yo`qolgan konfiguratsion faylsiz qurilmaning sozlamalariga imtiyozli
rejimda (Privileged EXEC) kirish va konfiguratsion faylni
almashtirish orqali barcha parollarni o`zgartirish.
Cisco marshrutizatorlarida parolni tashlab yuborish.
Cisco marshrutizatorlarida parolni tashlab yuborish uchun
qurilmaga fizik kira olish kerak, ya`ni konsol kabel orqali ulanish
imkoniyati bo`lishi kerak. Marshrutizatorda konfiguratsion registr
mavjud bo`lib, ushbu registr marshrutizatorning ishga tushishini
boshqaradi va uning qiymatlari energiya talab qiluvchi xotirada
saqlanadi.
Interface range fa0/1-2 - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

sw(config-if)# channel-group mode <[non-silent] | desirable [non-silent] | on> | >
44
active —LACP ulaydi,
passive —faqat agar LACP xabari kelayotgan bo`lsa LACP
ulaydi ,
desirable —PAgP ulaydi,
auto —faqat agar PAgP xabari kelayotgan bo`lsa PAgP
ulaydi,
on —faqat Etherchannel ulaydi.
LACP
asosida kanal pog`onasida EtherChannel
konfiguratsiyasini sozlash
Port-channel 1
Port-channel 1
Fa0/11-14
Fa0/11-14
4.8-rasm. LACP asosida EtherChannel
Agregatsiyalashni sozlashdan avval jismoniy interfeyslarni
o`chirib qo`yish kerak bo`ladi. Ularni bir tarafini o`chirib qo`yish
yetarli bo`ladi (misolda sw1 taraf o`chirilgan), so`ng ikki tarafda
agregatsiyalash sozlanadi va interfeyslar ulaniladi.
Amaliy qism
STP, RSTP protokollarini ishlash prinsipi
4.6-rasmda ko`rsatilgan topologiya bo`yicha Sw1, Sw2, Sw3,
Sw4 kommutatorlar uchun asosiy konfiguratsiyalarni sozlang.
4.6-rasm. Tadqiq qilinayotgan tarmoq tuzilishi
45
Yuqorida keltirilgan tarmoq topologiyasida kommutatorlar
orasida asosiy ildiz kommutator (root) Sw1 hisoblanadi. Chunki bu
topologiyada Sw1 boshqa kommutatorlarga nisbatan MAC adresi
kichik. Shu sababli Sw1 kommutatorga barcha kirish va chiqish
interface portlari yashil holatdagini ko`rishimiz mumkin. Buni
tekshirish uchun
Sw1#show spanning-tree buyrug`i orqali amalga
oshiriladi.
Natijada
Sw1
kommutatorning
MAC-Address
000D.BD2C.15B9 yoki asosiy bo`lgan kommutatorni
(This bridge is
the root) bilishimiz mumkin (4.7-rasm).
4.7-rasm. Sw1 bo`yicha spanning-tree natijalari
4.8-rasmda Sw2 kommutatorning
show spanning-tree buyrug`i
orqali ko`rishimiz mumkinki, asosiy bo`lgan ildiz kommutatorni
belgilaydigan qismida fastEthernet 0/4 ko`rsatilgan. Sw2 FastEthernet
0/4 portida root switch (sw1) joylashgan.
4.8-rasm. Sw1 bo`yicha spanning-tree natijalari
46
Tarmoq topologiyasida asosiy bo`lgan kommutatorni (ildiz
kommutatorni) belgilashimiz uchun bir nechta usullar mavjud:
1-usul. Tarmoqda asosiy bo`lgan kommutatorni aniq tayinlash:
spanning-tree vlan vlan-id root primary – tarmoq uchun asosiy
bo`lgan kommutatorni (ildiz kommutatorni) ko`rsatish uchun
foydalaniladi (masalan, spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary)
spanning-tree vlan vlan-id root secondary - tarmoq uchun
asosiy
bo`lgan
kommutatorga
(ildiz
kommutatorga)
zaxira
kommutatorni ko`rsatish uchun foydalaniladi (masalan, spanning-tree
vlan 1 root secondary).
Misol uchun tarmoqda asosiy bo`lgan kommutator (root)ni
boshqasiga ya`ni Sw2 o`zgartiramiz.
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Sw2
sw2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
sw2(config)#exit
sw2#show spanning-tree
4.9-rasmda Sw2 kommutatorning root switch bo`lganligini
ko`rishimiz mumkin.
4.9-rasm. Root switchni almashtirish jarayoni
2-usul Kommutatorning muhimliligi (priority) bo`yicha Rootni
tayinlash:
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative

|
Oriental Renaissance: InnovativeBog'liq ta-lim-jarayonida-talabalarning-amaliy-bilimlarini-rivojlantirish-metodikasiOriental Renaissance: Innovative,
educational, natural and social sciences
VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 9
ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
586
w
www.oriens.uz
October
2021
O‘zbekiston Milliy universiteti va Samarqand davlat universitetini
mamlakatimiz oliy ta’lim muassasalarining flagmaniga aylantirish;
respublikadagi kamida 10 ta oliy ta’lim muassasasini xalqaro e’tirof etilgan
tashkilotlar (Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings, Times Nigher
Education yoki Academic Ranking of World Universities) reytingining birinchi 1 000
ta o‘rindagi oliy ta’lim muassasalari ro‘yxatiga, shu jumladan O‘zbekiston Milliy
universiteti va Samarqand davlat universitetini birinchi 500 ta o‘rindagi oliy ta’lim
muassasalari ro‘yxatiga kiritish;
oliy ta’lim muassasalarida o‘quv jarayonini bosqichma-bosqich kredit-modul
tizimiga o‘tkazish;
xalqaro tajribalardan kelib chiqib, oliy ta’limning ilg‘or standartlarini joriy etish,
jumladan o‘quv dasturlarida nazariy bilim olishga yo‘naltirilgan ta’limdan amaliy
ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim tizimiga bosqichma-bosqich
o‘tish;
oliy ta’lim mazmunini sifat jihatidan yangi bosqichga ko‘tarish, ijtimoiy soha va
iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarining barqaror rivojlanishiga munosib hissa qo‘shadigan, mehnat
bozorida o‘z o‘rnini topa oladigan yuqori malakali kadrlar tayyorlash tizimini yo‘lga
qo‘yish;
oliy ta’lim muassasalarining akademik mustaqilligini ta’minlash;
xorijiy investisiyalarni keng jalb qilish, pullik xizmatlar ko‘lamini kengaytirish
va boshqa byudjetdan tashqari mablag‘lar hisobiga oliy ta’lim muassasalarida
texnopark, forsayt, texnologiyalar transferi, startap, akselerator markazlarini tashkil
etish hamda ularni tegishli tarmoq, soha va hududlarning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy
rivojlanishini tadqiq qiluvchi va prognozlashtiruvchi ilmiy-amaliy muassasalar
darajasiga olib chiqish;
oliy ta’lim muassasalari professor-o‘qituvchilari, ilmiy izlanuvchilari,
doktorantlari, bakalavriat va magistratura talabalarining yuqori impakt-faktorga ega
nufuzli xalqaro ilmiy jurnallarda maqolalar chop etishi, maqolalarga iqtiboslik
ko‘rsatkichlari oshishi, shuningdek respublika ilmiy jurnallarini xalqaro ilmiy-texnik
ma’lumotlar bazasiga bosqichma-bosqich kiritilishini ta’minlash;
O‘zbekiston oliy ta’lim tizimini Markaziy Osiyoda xalqaro ta’lim dasturlarini
amalga oshiruvchi «xab»ga aylantirish;
|
| |
Mustahkamlsh - Ochiq dars ishlanmasi ms excelda matematik amallar va funksiyalarni qo‘llash

|
Ochiq dars ishlanmasi ms excelda matematik amallar va funksiyalarni qo‘llash
|
bet | 4/4 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 0,77 Mb. | | #133166 |
Bog'liq ms-excelda-matematik-funksiyalarMustahkamlsh
Mashqlar
1. y=4x+20 funksiyasining qiymatlarini x ning -20; 0; 4; 8; 9 qiymatlarida hisoblang.
2. Hajmi 8 m3 bo’lgan jism suvga botirilganda unga ta’sir etuvchi ko’taruvchi kuch qiymatini toping (yo’llanma: FA= ρ ·V· g – Arximed kuchi, g=9,81N/kg).
3. И(3>5, 15/2-4>3)=’yolg`on’, ИЛИ(99-27*3=5; 78/2-39>=-1)=’rost’ funksiyalar natijasini aniqlang.
4. ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Yasha”; 5; 1; “na”) va ЛЕВСИМВ (“Vatanparvar”; 5) funksiyalari natijasini bitta matnga birlashtib uzunligini aniqlang
ДЛСТР(ЦЕПИТЬ(ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Yasha”; 5; 1; “na”); ЛЕВСИМВ (“Vatanparvar”; 5)))=11
5. ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Maqsud ”; 5; 1; “a”), ПРАВСИМВ(“Barkamol”; 5) va ЛЕВСИМВ(“ topishmoq”; 7) funksiyalari natijasini bitta matnga birlashtiring.
ЦЕПИТЬ(ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Maqsud ”; 5; 1; “a”), ПРАВСИМВ(“Barkamol”; 5) va ЛЕВСИМВ(“ topishmoq”; 7)) = «Maqsаd kamol topish»
E`TIBORINGIZ UCHUN RAXMAT.
|
| |
Rivojlantirish metodikasi

Rivojlantirish metodikasi
Download
388,99 Kb.
Matnni ko'rish
bet
1/5
Sana
11.12.2023
Hajmi
388,99 Kb.
#116263
Download
388,99 Kb.
Matnni ko'rish
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Dərs
Mühazirə
Qaydalar
Referat
Xülasə
Yazı
Rivojlantirish metodikasi
Download
388,99 Kb.
Matnni ko'rish
И(C7+C8>G6)=YOLG‘ON - Ochiq dars ishlanmasi ms excelda matematik amallar va funksiyalarni qo‘llash

|
Ochiq dars ishlanmasi ms excelda matematik amallar va funksiyalarni qo‘llash
|
bet | 3/4 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 0,77 Mb. | | #133166 |
Bog'liq ms-excelda-matematik-funksiyalarИ(C7+C8>G6)=YOLG‘ON;
И(C4=E3; C4>=C7)=ROST
ИЛИ(mantiqiy ifoda1; mantiqiy ifoda2; …)
|
Agar mantiqiy ifodalarning birortasining qiymati ROST bo‘lsa, (YOKI ning) funksiyaning qiymati ROST, aks holda funksiyaning qiymati YOLG‘ON
|
ИЛИ(SIN(500)>5)=YOLG‘ON;
ИЛИ(0,5>=1/2; -1>31)=ROST;
ИЛИ(C5=5; E13>=11)= YOLG‘ON; ИЛИ(C5=5; E12<=11)= ROST
|
ЕСЛИ(mantiqiy ifoda; ifoda1; ifoda2)
|
(AGAR) funksiyasi qiymati mantiqiy ifoda qiymati ROST bo‘lsa ifoda1ga, yolg‘on bo‘lsa ifoda2 ga teng bo‘ladi
|
ЕСЛИ(700/7-1>50; 1963; 1)=1963; ЕСЛИ(5*5=24; 0; 9+12)=21;
ЕСЛИ(E12>G10;G10–12;“BOBUR”)=BOBUR
|
Statistik funksiyalar
| | |
МАКС( son1; son2;…)
|
son1, son2, … larning eng katta qiymatini aniqlaydi
|
МАКС(1; 2; –7)=2;
МАКС(E4:E12; G13)=60
|
МИН( son1; son2;…)
|
son1, son2, … larning eng kichik qiymatini aniqlaydi
|
МИН(1; 2; –7)= –7;
МИН(E3:E13)=1
|
СРЗНАЧ(son1; son2;…)
|
son1, son2, … larning o‘rta arifmetik qiymatini aniqlaydi
|
СРЗНАЧ(1; 2; 6)= 3;
СРЗНАЧ(–1;–2; 6; 7; 0)= 5
|
СЧЁТЕСЛИ(blok; shart)
|
Shartni qanoatlantiruvchi blokning bo’sh bo’lmagan katakchalari sonini sanaydi
|
СЧЁТЕСЛИ(C1:C13;“=6”)=10; СЧЁТЕСЛИ(E1:E13;“=6”)=2
|
Matnli funksiyalar
| | |
ДЛСТР(matn)
|
Matndagi belgilar sonini aniqlaydi
|
ДЛСТР(“men”)=3, ДЛСТР(3,1415)=6
|
ЗАМЕНИТЬ(eski matn; qaysi o‘rindan; nechtasi o‘rniga; yangi matn)
|
Eski matnni belgilarini ko’rsatilgan joydan boshlab berilgan sondagi belgilarni yangisiga almashtiradi
|
ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Men”;3;1;“hr”)=“Mehr”;
ЗАМЕНИТЬ(“Men”;2;2;“uz”)=“Muz”;
ЗАМЕНИТЬ(B4;3;2;”tin”)= “Oltin”
|
ЗНАЧЕН(matn)
|
Matn ko’rinishidagi sonni songa o‘tkazadi
|
ЗНАЧЕН(“1024,25”)=1024,25;
ЗНАЧЕН(“-5,04”)
|
ЛЕВСИМВ(matn; belgi soni)
|
Matnning chap tomonidagi berilgan sondagi belgilarni ajratib oladi
|
ЛЕВСИМВ(– 45765; 1)= “–”; ЛЕВСИМВ(“Gulnoza”; 3)= “Gul”;
ЛЕВСИМВ(B8; 3)=”Bod”
|
СЦЕПИТЬ(matn1; matn2; …)
|
Bir nechta matnni bitta matnga o’tkazadi
|
СЦЕПИТЬ(14; “-fevral”)=“14-fevral”;
СЦЕПИТЬ( “Bob”; “ur”)=“Bobur”
|
ПСТР(matn; boshlang’ich o’rin; belgilar soni)
|
Matndan boshlang’ich o’rindan boshlab berilgan sondagi belgilarni ajratib oladi
|
ПСТР(“Matonat”; 4; 3)=”ona”; ПСТР(“Zahiriddin”; 2; 4)=”ahir”; ПСТР(“Sheriyat”; 3; 2)=”er”
|
x ning –5 qiymatida
funksiyani hisoblang.
1–usul.
2-usul.
2–misol.
- Excel elektron jadvalida nusxalash imkoniyatlarini amalda ko’rsatib bering.
2. Excel elektron jadvalidagi qanday turdagi funksiyalarni bilasiz?
3. Funksiyalar argumentlari qanday qiymatlarni qabul qilishi mumkin?
4. Excel elektron jadvalida matematik funksiyalarni ishlashiga misol keltiring.
5. Excel elektron jadvalidagi mantiqiy funksiyalarni ishlashiga misol keltiring.
6. Excel elektron jadvalidagi statistik funksiyalarni ishlashiga misol keltiring.
7. Excel elektron jadvalidagi matn funksiyalarini ishlashiga misol keltiring.
|
| |
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative

|
Oriental Renaissance: InnovativeBog'liq ta-lim-jarayonida-talabalarning-amaliy-bilimlarini-rivojlantirish-metodikasiOriental Renaissance: Innovative,
educational, natural and social sciences
VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 9
ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
588
w
www.oriens.uz
October
2021
elektron tarmog‘ida yoritib boriladi. Talaba mustaqil ishini nazorat qilish turlari va
uni baholash mezonlari tegishli kafedra tomonidan belgilanadi va fakul’tet
kengashida tasdiqlanadi. Mustaqil ishlarni baholash mezonlari talabalarni o‘quv yili
(semestri) boshlanishi oldidan metodik materiallar bilan tarqatiladi. Talaba mustaqil
ishi bo‘yicha belgilangan maksimal ballning 55% i dan kam bo‘lmagan ball to‘plashi
lozim, aks holda yakuniy nazoratga ruxsat etilmaydi. Talabaning mustaqil ishi
kafedra arxivida ro‘yxatga olinadi va o‘quv yili mobaynida saqlanadi. Talabaning
kurs ishi (loyihasi)ni hamda malakaviy bitiruv ishi yoki magistrlik dissertatsiyasini
ro‘yxatga olish va saqlash tartibi tegishli me’yoriy hujjatlar asosida amalga oshiriladi.
Amaliy mashg‘ulotlar samaradorligi ta’lim oluvchilarni amaliy mashg‘ulotga
tayyorlanish sifati bilan aniqlanadi. Ma’ruza va yangiliklar bilan chiquvchi, ta’lim
oluvchilarning tayyorgarligi ahamiyatga ega bo‘ladi. Xar bir mashg‘ulot uchun
texnologik xaritalar ishlab chiqiladi. O‘quv maqsadlari muayyan ta’lim jarayoni
yakunida ta’lim oluvchi tomonidan o‘zlashtirilishi, yangi hosil qilinishi lozim bo‘lgan
bilim, hatti-harakat bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan amaliy topshiriqni uddalay olish mahorati,
shaxsiy fazilatlar va xulqni belgilaydi.
XULOSA
Har bir fanning o‘quv maqsadlari to‘g‘ri belgilanishi muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Umumiy o‘quv maqsadlarining mazmuni yo‘naltiruvchi maqsadlardan kelib chiqib
belgilanadi. O‘qituvchi tomonidan amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni o‘tkazish texnologiyasi,
dars ishlanmasi va texnologik xaritasi ishlab chiqiladi. Har bir mashg‘ulot bo‘yicha
dars ishlanmalari va texnologik xaritalarni ishlab chiqish o‘quv jarayonini to‘laqonli
loyihalashtirish hamda samarali tashkil qilish imkonini beradi. Talaba tomonidan
mustaqil ishni bajarishda ularning faoliyati tizimida ko‘rsatilgan har bir
elementlarning muvaffaqiyatli harakatlanishi o‘qituvchini quyidagi boshqaruv
harakatlarini aniqlaydi: rejalashtirish, tashkillashtirish hamda monitoring va baholash.
O‘zini o‘zi tekshirish uchun har bir o‘quv mashg‘ulotiga tavsiya etilayotgan topshirik
(test, savol, vazifa va mashqlar) joriy pedagogik nazoratni va talaba tomonidan
kuzatilgan ta’limiy maqsadlarga erishish darajasini doimiy o‘zi baholanish
ta’minlaydi.
REFERENCES
1. Azizxo‘jayeva.N.N. Pedagogik texnologiyalar va pedagogik maxorat.T.: 2003.
2. Karimov I.A. Barkamol avlod O‘zbekiston taraqqiyotining poydevori. T: «Sharq»
nashriyoti, 1998 y.
|
| |
ROOT 
A komutator - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

40
katta darajada Cisco Systems tomonidan STPning kengaytmasi sifatida
ishlatilgan gʻoyalar tufayli erishildi. RSTP IEEE 802.1w standartida
tavsiflangan (keyinchalik 802.1D-2004 ga kiritilgan).
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (PVSTP). Per-VLAN STP
(PVSTP), nomidan koʻrinib turibdiki, VLANlardan foydalanish uchun
STP funksiyasini kengaytiradi. Ushbu
protokol doirasida har bir
VLANda alohida STP nusxasi ishlaydi. Dastlab, PVST protokoli faqat
ISL magistrallari orqali ishlagan, keyin PVST + versiyasi ishlab
chiqilgan boʻlib, bu juda keng tarqalgan 802.1Q
magistrallari orqali
ishlashga imkon berdi. PVST + va RSTP xususiyatlarini birlashtirgan
dasturlar mavjud, chunki bu kengaytmalar protokolning mustaqil
qismlariga ta'sir qiladi, natijada (Cisco terminologiyasida) Rapid PVST
+ paydo boʻldi. PVST + STP bilan mos keladi va hatto koʻp tarmoqli
freymlardan foydalangan holda PVST + yoki Rapid PVST + ni qoʻllab-
quvvatlamaydigan komutatorlar orqali "aloqa" qiladi. Biroq,
Cisco
Systems
bir
xil
tarmoqdagi
turli
ishlab
chiqaruvchilarning
komutatorlarini aralashtirmaslikni tavsiya qiladi, chunki har xil STP
dasturlari va oʻzgarishlari oʻrtasida
moslik muammolari paydo
boʻlmaydi.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s
standartida tavsiflangan va keyinchalik IEEE 802.1Q-2003 bilan
qo`shimchalar kiritilgan. MSTP protokoli bir nechta STP protokoli
nusxasini qo`llab-quvvatlash maqsadida IEEE 802.1w (RSTP)
standartini takomillashtirilgan ko`rinishi. U tarmoqni
tezroq ishlashini,
VLAN sozlangan tarmoqda yuklamani balanslash imkoniyatini
ta’minlaydi. 802.1s MSTP standartiga qo`shimcha 802.1Q standartida
qo`shimcha kiritilgan.
Kanallarni agregatsiyalash (ingilizcha link aggregation) – bir
nechta fizik kanalni bitta mantiqiy kanalga
birlashtirish imkonini
beradigan texnologiya. Agregatsiya kanal fizik kanal bo`ylab mantiqiy
kanalda trafiklarni taqsimlash va bitta yoki bir nechta jismoniy
kanallarni bitta mantiqiy kanalda ichki rad etilish holati sodir
bo`lganda zaxiralash imkonini beradi.
Bunday texnologiya kanal
o`tkazish qobilyatini va ishonchligini oshirish imkonini beradi.
Tarmoq topologiyasi 4.3-rasmda keltirilgan
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control
\Session Manager \AutoChkTimeOut

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control
\Session Manager \AutoChkTimeOut
If the subkey does not exist, the default countdown of 10 seconds is used. If the subkey exists, and it is set to 0 seconds, there is no countdown. If it is set to more than three days (259,200 seconds), the default value is used.
If Autochk runs against a volume during the start-up process, it records its output to a file called Bootex.log in the root of the volume being checked. The Winlogon service then moves the contents of each Bootex.log file to the Application event log.
One event log message for each volume that is checked is recorded as follows:
Event-ID: 1001
Source: Winlogon
Description: This includes file system type; drive letter or GUID, and volume name or serial number to help determine what volume Chkdsk ran against. Also included is whether Chkdsk ran because a user scheduled it or because the dirty bit was set.
Note Volumes that are shared between server cluster nodes that run the Cluster service do not allow Autochk access to the volume during the start-up process. When the volumes are brought online, the Cluster service performs a function that is similar to running Chkntfs to see whether the dirty bit is set and to see whether the volume is dirty. If it is, the chkdsk /f command runs against the volume before being brought online. This does not check the BootExecute registry value, so it does not take these values into account.
|
Windows 2000 Chkdsk Management - bet 21

|
Windows 2000 Chkdsk Management
|
bet | 21/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
Autochk
Every time Windows 2000 starts up, Autochk.exe is called by the Kernel to scan all volumes and check whether any volume’s dirty bit is set. If the dirty bit is set, Autochk immediately runs chkdsk /f on that volume to verify file system integrity and try to fix any problems with the volume.
The dirty bit is a byte on the physical disk that is stored in the $volume metadata file in the MFT. There is no way to manually clear the dirty bit after it has been set from an unclean shutdown and prevent Autochk from running, other than to run Chkdsk in repair mode.
Autochk in Windows 2000 distinguishes between a volume check that has been manually scheduled and one that is automatically scheduled (because the file system found the volume to be in a “dirty” state). It then writes an associated message in the Application event log. It does this by looking at 1) the dirty bit on each volume, and 2) for registry settings set by either the chkdsk /f command and the chkntfs /x command or the chkntfs /c command to determine whether a volume will be checked or skipped.
|
| |
Using the /c and /i Command-Line Switches to Run an Abbreviated Chkdsk

|
Using the /c and /i Command-Line Switches to Run an Abbreviated Chkdsk
|
bet | 19/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
The /c option (NTFS only) directs Chkdsk to skip the checks that detect cycles in the directory structure. Cycles are a rare form of corruption in which a subfolder points back to itself as its root folder.
Using the /c option can speed up Chkdsk by about 1 to 2 percent, but using this option can also leave directory “loops” on an NTFS volume where one folder points back to itself. Such loops might be inaccessible from the rest of the directory tree, and some files might be orphaned in the sense that Win32 programs, including backup programs, cannot see the files.
The following Chkdsk /c example runs an abbreviated Chkdsk on drive D and skips the checking of cycles within the folder:
|
| |
/v  
  
For NTFS volumes, displays cleanup messages, if any. (For FAT/FAT32, /v

|
/v
For NTFS volumes, displays cleanup messages, if any. (For FAT/FAT32, /v
|
bet | 18/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
| /v
|
For NTFS volumes, displays cleanup messages, if any. (For FAT/FAT32, /v displays the name of each file in each folder as the disk is checked.)
|
/r
|
Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. The disk must be locked.
|
/l[:size]
|
NTFS only. Changes the log file size to the size that you enter. Displays the current size if you do not specify one.
|
/x
|
Runs chkdsk /f and forces a volume dismount to close the open file handles on non-system volumes so that the volume can be checked immediately. With this command-line switch, you do not have to restart the computer to run Chkdsk and repair the volume.
|
/i
|
NTFS only. Performs a less-vigorous check of index entries, reducing the time that is needed to run Chkdsk.
|
/c
|
NTFS only. Skips the checking of cycles in the folder structure, reducing the time that is needed to run Chkdsk.
|
Table 2: Chkdsk Examples
Command
|
Description
|
chkdsk d: /f
|
Runs Chkdsk on drive D and corrects the corruption.
|
chkdsk d: /f /r
|
Runs Chkdsk on drive D, corrects the corruption, and looks for bad sectors.
|
| |
Windows 2000 Chkdsk Management - bet 25

|
Windows 2000 Chkdsk Management
|
bet | 25/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
Chkntfs
The Chkntfs command-line utility is designed to view the status of specific volumes and to disable the automatic running of Chkdsk on those volumes after Windows restarts from an improper shutdown. You can also use Chkntfs to prevent Chkdsk from running if the chkdsk /f command was used to schedule Chkdsk to be run on an active volume on the next system restart and to see whether the dirty bit is set.
The utility is run from a command prompt and has the following syntax and command-line options.
chkntfs [/t[:time]] [/x] [/c] volume: [...]
chkntfs /d
Table 3: Chkntfs Command-Line Switches (Options)
Options
|
Description
|
/x
|
Excludes a drive from the default startup-time check. Excluded drives are not accumulated between command invocations.
|
|
|
| |
Topshiriq - 1 – laboratoriya ishi tarmoq qurilmalarida dastlabki xavfsizlik sozlamalarini oʻrnatish ishdan maqsad

28
2.4-rasm. Tarmoq topologiyasi
2.1-jadval
Qurilma
IP-manzil
МАС-manzil
Interfeys
Port rejimlari
Laptop0
192.168.1.1
00E0.F902.D683
Fa0
n/a
Laptop1
192.168.1.2 000B.BE9B.EE4A
Fa0
n/a
Laptop2
192.168.1.3
00D0.5819.04E3
Fa0
n/a
Laptop3
192.168.1.4 0004.9AB9.DAC2
Fa0
n/a
Laptop4
192.168.1.5 00D0.BAC2.8C58
Fa0
n/a
Laptop5
192.168.1.6
0000.0C6E.01E0
Fa0
n/a
SW1
N/A
N/A
Fa0/1
sticky
SW1
N/A
N/A
Fa0/2
mac-address
00D0.5819.04E3
SW1
N/A
N/A
Fa0/3
violation protect
SW1
N/A
N/A
Fa0/5-24
Shutdown
SW2
N/A
N/A
Fa0/1
restrict
SW2
N/A
N/A
Fa0/2
restrict
SW2
N/A
N/A
Fa0/3
Protect
SW2
N/A
N/A
Fa0/4
maximum 4
Ishni bajarish tartibi
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Sw1
Sw1(config)#interface fa0/1
1. Portni access rejimiga o`zgartirish
Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
29
2. Portda port-securityni ishga tushurish
Sw1 (config-if)#switchport port-security
3. Secure-MAC ni dinamik aniqlashni ko`rsatish
Sw1 (config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky
Sw1 (config-if)#exit
4. Secure-MAC ni statik aniqlashni ko`rsatish
Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
Sw1(config-if)#switchport port-security
Sw1(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address 000B.BE9B.EE4A
Sw1(config-if)#end
5. Xavfsizlik buzilishigi javob berish rejimini sozlash
Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
Sw1(config-if)#switchport port-security
Sw1(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address sticky
Sw1(config-if)#switchport port-security violation protect
Sw1(config-if)#end
6. Ishlatilmayotgan portlarni o`chirish
Sw1(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/5-24
Sw1(config-if-range)#shutdown
7. Portda secure-MAC maksimal soni N ni ko`rsatish (Bu
buyruq Sw2 kommutatorga tavsiya etiladi)
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Sw2
Sw2(config)#interface fa0/4
Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Sw2(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 4
Sw2(config-if)#switchport port-security violation restrict
30
8. Natijani tekshirish
Switch#show port-security interface fa 0/1
Port Security : Enabled
Port Status : Secure-up
Violation Mode : Shutdown
Aging Time : 0 mins
Aging Type : Absolute
SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled
Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
Total MAC Addresses : 0
Configured MAC Addresses : 0
Sticky MAC Addresses : 0
Last Source Address:Vlan : 0001.63B4.E4A6:1
Security Violation Count : 0
9. Sozlamalarni saqlash
Switch#copy running-config startup-config
The /i Command-Line Switch

|
The /i Command-Line Switch
|
bet | 20/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
chkdsk d: /c
The /i option directs Chkdsk to skip the checks that compare directory entries to their corresponding file record segments. When you use this option, directory entries are still checked for internal consistency. However, the directory entries are not necessarily consistent with the data that is stored in the corresponding file record segments.
How much time you save by using the /i command-line switch is difficult to predict. Typically, the /i option reduces Chkdsk times by 50 to 70 percent, depending on factors such as the ratio of files to directories and the speed of disk I/O relative to the CPU speed.
Using the /i command-line switch has these limitations:
-
You may have directory entries that refer to incorrect file record segments. In this case, any program that tries to use such an entry will encounter errors.
-
You may have file record segments that are not referred to by a directory entry (another way that orphaned files occur). Therefore, some Win32 programs, including backup programs, may not be able to see a file that is actually intact, as represented by the file record segment.
Note For more information about the /c and /i command-line switches, see the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles:
187941 “An Explanation of CHKDSK and the New /C and /I Switches (Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0)”
314835 “An Explanation of the New /C and /I Switches That Are Available to Use with Chkdsk.exe (Windows XP)”
|
| |
MS Excel 2013 dasturida ma’lumotlar bilan ishlash

|
MS Excel 2013 dasturida ma’lumotlar bilan ishlashBog'liq 1-МаърузаMS Excel 2013 dasturida ma’lumotlar bilan ishlash.
Microsoft Excel 2013 dasturida matnlar — bu raqamlar, bo‘sh joylar va
boshqa bеlgilardan iborat bo‘lgan ixtiyoriy kеtma-kеtlikdir. Kiritilayotgan
ma’lumotlarimiz yachеykaga sig’magan holda sig’may qolgan qismi ekran
yachеykasining o‘ng qismiga o‘tkaziladi (agar u bo‘sh bo‘lsa). Bunday hollarda
quyidagi usullardan foydalanib, yachеyka kеngligi va balandligini o‘zgartirish
mumkin. Bir nеcha so‘zdan iborat va yachеykaga sig’magan matnni ko‘rish
uchun, sichqonchaning o‘ng tugmasi bosiladi va “Формат ячеек” (Yachеyka
formati) buyruqlarini tanlash va bayroqcha (flajok) bеlgisini «переносит по
словам» dеgan ibora ustiga joylashtirish kеrak. Yachеykada yangi satrni
boshlash uchun [Alt] + [Enter] tugmalarini bosish yetarli.
Yacheykalarga sonlarni kiritish.
Ular
bir
yachеykaga
kiritilayotgan
sonlar
o‘zgarmaslar
(konstantalar) sifatida qabul qilinadi. MICROSOFT EXCEL dasturida
sonlar quyidagi
1,2,3,...9,0,+,-,(),/,
$,%,E,e bеlgilari orqali kiritiladi. Tugmalarning boshqa barcha
kombinasiyalari orqali kiritilayotgan ma’lumotlar raqamli va raqamsiz
bеlgilardan iborat bo‘lib, matn sifatida qaraladi. Manfiy sonlar kiritilayotganda
son oldiga minus “-” ishorasi qo‘yiladi yoki son “()” qavs ichiga olinib
yoziladi. Masalan, -5 yoki (5). Kiritilayotgan sonlar hamma vaqt
yachеykaning o‘ng chеgarasidan boshlab yoziladi. Kiritilayotgan sonli
qiymatlar formatlanmagan holatda bo‘ladi, boshqacha qilib aytganda, ular oddiy
raqamlar kеtma –kеtligidan iborat bo‘ladi. Shuning uchun sonlarni formatlash
zarur.
Sonlarni bunday formatlashdan maqsad — yachеykadagi ma’lumotlarni,
ya’ni sonlarni oson o‘qish imkonini bеrishdir.
Microsoft Excel 2013 dasturida sonli qiymatlar 12 xil formatlanadi. Ushbu
oynani chaqirish uchun, ixtiyoriy yacheykaga sichqinchaning o‘ng tugmasi
bosiladi.
|
| |
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative

Oriental Renaissance: Innovative,
educational, natural and social sciences
VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 9
ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
589
w
www.oriens.uz
October
2021
3. Karimov I.A. O‘zbekistoning o‘z istiqlol va taraqqiyot yo‘li.T.:“O‘zbekiston” 1992
y.
4. Бегимкулов У. Ш. Педагогик таълимда замонавий ахборот технологияларини
жорий этишнинг илмий-назарий асослари. Монография. – Тошкент: Фан, 2007
й.
5. Беспалько В.П. Слагаемые педагогической технологии.М.: Педагогика 1989г.
6. Йўлдошев Ж. Ғ. Янги педагогик технология: йўналишлари,
муаммолари,
ечимлари. – Халқ таълими журнали, 1999, №4.
7. Кларин В.М. Педагогическая технология в учебном процессе.М.: Знание
1989г.
Chkdsk Status Codes in the Cluster Log

Chkdsk Status Codes in the Cluster Log
When you analyse the Cluster log during a Physical Disk resource’s online process, you may see the following error message:
FixCorruption: CHKDSK returned status of .
A message similar to the following example is logged in the Cluster log:
00000584.000005dc::YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.SSS Physical Disk : FixCorruption: CHKDSK returned status of 2.
The following error codes may be displayed.
Table 8: Error Codes
Code
|
Meaning
|
0
|
Success. No errors found.
|
1
|
Success. Chkdsk has detected and fixed major errors.
|
2
|
Success. Chkdsk has detected and fixed minor inconsistencies.
|
3
|
Error. Chkdsk could not finish running.
|
3221225786
|
Chkdsk was aborted. 3221225786 is C000013A(hex) or STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT
| Capturing Chkdsk Results for Server Clusters
When you bring a Physical Disk resource online and it has the dirty bit set, Chkdsk runs to verify the integrity of the file system. Results are logged in the Application event log, and status codes are logged in the Cluster log. Additionally, in Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 (SP1) and Windows Datacenter Server, the Cluster log also references a log file in which detailed Chkdsk output is recorded.
|
Differences in Windows 2000 Advanced Server SP1 and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

Differences in Windows 2000 Advanced Server SP1 and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
In Windows 2000 Advanced Server SP1 and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server, the Cluster service saves the Chkdsk results to an independent log file. This log file is saved to the %SystemRoot%\Cluster folder, and the name has the following format:
Chkdsk_Disk#_SigXXXXXXXX.log
Note This Chkdsk log file represents the last Chkdsk results for that specific disk. For example, if Disk 2 has two partitions and you run Chkdsk against both of them, only the results of the last partition are recorded in the log file.
This functionality is only provided by the Physical Disk resource type that is provided by Microsoft. Other disk resource types that are provided by third-party vendors may not support this feature.
The Cluster log displays two messages similar to the following examples:
00000584.000005dc::YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.SSS Physical Disk : DisksOpenChkdskLogFile: Chkdsk output is in file: E:\WINNT\CLUSTER\Chkdsk_Disk3_Sig3252EAA8.log
00000584.000005dc::YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.SSS Physical Disk : FixCorruption: Chkdsk returned status of 2.
The Chkdsk_Disk#_SigXXXXXXXX.log may display an output similar to the following example.
Note The type of the file system is NTFS, and the volume label is S_Drive.
Chkdsk is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)...
0 percent completed.
1 percent completed.
.........
98 percent completed.
100 percent completed.
File verification completed.
Chkdsk is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 3)...
0 percent completed.
1 percent completed.
.........
90 percent completed.
100 percent completed.
Index verification completed.
Chkdsk is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 3)...
0 percent completed.
1 percent completed.
.........
98 percent completed.
100 percent completed.
Security descriptor verification completed.
Correcting errors in the Master File Table (MFT) mirror.
Windows has made corrections to the file system.
528367 KB total disk space.
15547 KB in 26 files.
20 KB in 24 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
4643 KB in use by the system.
4096 KB occupied by the log file.
508157 KB available on disk.
1024 bytes in each allocation unit.
528367 total allocation units on disk.
508157 allocation units available on disk.
|
Differences in Windows NT 4.0

|
Differences in Windows NT 4.0
|
bet | 34/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
Differences in Windows NT 4.0
On a Windows NT 4.0 server cluster, there is no detailed information saved when Chkdsk runs. The Physical Disk resource may appear to hang or to be in an Online Pending state, with no notification or logging as Chkdsk runs in the background.
Note Running Chkdsk on a Windows NT 4.0 cluster has a different procedure from running it on a Windows 2000 cluster. For more information, see the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article:
176970 “How to Run the CHKDSK /F Command on a Shared Cluster Disk”
To capture detailed information about Chkdsk, Autochk must run during the start-up process. The Autochk results are logged in the Application event log with the source “AUTOCHK.”
Note Not all the data may fit in the single Application event log entry; some data may be truncated for post analysis.
|
| |
Differences in Windows 2000 Versions Earlier than SP1

|
Differences in Windows 2000 Versions Earlier than SP1
|
bet | 35/45 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 0,81 Mb. | | #829 |
Differences in Windows 2000 Versions Earlier than SP1
Here are some examples of Chkdsk output for a cluster server that is running a version of Windows 2000 earlier than SP1:
Physical Disk : FixCorruption: Chkdsk returned status of 1
Event Source: ClusSvc
Event ID: 1066
Description: Cluster disk resource : is corrupt. Running Chkdsk /f to repair problems.
Event Source: Chkdsk
Event ID: 26180
Description:
Checking file system on S:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
Volume label is S_Drive.
The MFT mirror is different from the MFT.
Correcting errors in the Master File Table (MFT) mirror.
Windows has made corrections to the file system.
528367 KB total disk space.
15547 KB in 26 files.
20 KB in 24 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
4643 KB in use by the system.
4096 KB occupied by the log file.
508157 KB available on disk.
1024 bytes in each allocation unit.
528367 total allocation units on disk.
508157 allocation units available on disk.
Note For more information about Chkdsk information in Cluster event logs, see the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles:
265533 “Explanation of Chkdsk Status Codes in Cluster Log”
272244 “Location of the Chkdsk Results for Windows Clustering Resources”
176970 “How to Run the CHKDSK /F Command on a Shared Cluster Disk”
|
| |
Mobil intenet GPRS, DVB-H tarmoqlarining rivojlanish tendensiyasi

116
WAP va GPRS o‘rtasidagi farq nima?
Farq birinchi navbatda to‘lovga tegishli. Internetdan foydalanganda, WAP ga
ulansangiz, muntazam aloqa (CSD), hozirda telefoningiz band emas. Bunday
holatda siz mobil aloqada odatdagi suhbat vaqtida deyarli xuddi shu tarzda to‘lovni
amalga oshirasiz. GPRS texnologiyasi ma'lumotlar normal muloqotga xalaqit
bermaydigan parallel kanallar orqali uzatilishini ta'minlaydi. Internet GPRS-dan
foydalanish uchun to‘lov tarmoqdagi sarf-xarajatlar miqdori bo‘yicha emas, balki
almashinadigan ma'lumot miqdori bilan bog'liq. GPRS-trafik qanday? Ular
Internetdan foydalanganda fayllar uzatiladi. Misol uchun, har qanday veb-
sahifaning ochilishi - allaqachon matnli fayllar va sahifa dizaynini yuklashni o‘z
ichiga oladi. Qo‘ng'iroqlar uchun Internet GPRS-ni to‘lash ancha foydalidir: 1
megabaytlik ma'lumot uchun taxminan 10-20 tsent. Shunday qilib, GPRS ning
telefonda ekanligi aniq - bu sizning mobil telefoningiz har doim GPRS ga ulanishi
mumkin degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ulanish kelayotgan va chiquvchi qo‘ng'iroqlarga
to‘sqinlik qilmaydi va siz maqsadga hech narsa yuklab olmasangiz, pul hisobdan
ketmaydi.
Simsiz aloqa standarti tizimlarinning solishtirish jadvali. Ishlash

115
EVO - mobil WiMAX ning O‘zbеkistondagi birinchi tarmog‘i va mobil
WiMAX «ikkinchi to‘lqini» (Wave-2) ning dunyoda birinchi opеratorlaridan biri.
Taqdim etiladigan xizmatlar qayd etilgan hamda mobil WiMAX kеng polosali
simsiz ulanish tеxnologiyasiga asoslanadi. Kompaniya O‘zbеkiston hududida
tеgishli tеlеkommunikatsion xizmatlar ko‘rsatish bo‘yicha barcha zarur
litsеnziyalar va ruxsat bеruvchi hujjatlarga ega.
WiMAX Tеxnologiyasi har qanday, shu jumladan zich shahar imoratlari
sharoitlarida ishlashga, aloqa yuqori sifati va malumotlar uzatish katta tеzligini
ta'minlashga imkon bеradi.
WiMAX Tеxnologiyasidan simsiz ulanish nuqtalarini tashkil qilib,
kompaniyalar bo‘limlari o‘rtasida tarmoqni tashkil qilib va ilgari ananaviy
tеxnologiyalar sababli imkoni bo‘lmagan boshqa masalalarni hal etib “oxirgi
nuqta” kеng polosali ulanishlarni yaratish uchun foydalanish mumkin.
WiMAX tеxnologiyasi yuqori tеzliklarda Intеrnеtga ulanishni, Wi-Fi
tarmoqlariga qaraganda kеng zonalarni qoplash va ishonchlilikni ta'minlashga
imkon bеradi.
Wi-Fi — bu kichik masofalarda simsiz aloqa tеxnologiyasi: ofis binosida,
kafеda. Wi-Fi xot-spotidan kompyutеrgacha masofa bir nеcha o‘n mеtrdan
oshmaydi.
WiMax tеxnologiyasi —bu butun shahar hududida tashkil qilinadigan kеng
polosali simsiz ulanish tarmog‘i, rеsivеrdan baza stantsiyasigacha masofa esa
kilomеtrlar bilan o‘lchanadi.
WiMax qayd etilgan, mobil va harakatdagi ulanish ssеnariylarini ta'minlaydi.
Aloqa bilan ta'minlash masofasi-60 km, ulanish tеzligi — 60 MbitG`s gacha.
EVO tarmog‘i imkoniyatlarining taqdimotidan kеyin, jurnalistlar savollar
bеrishlari mumkin bo‘ldi.
Sarlavxalar qatori - Iqtisodiyotda axborot kommunikatsion texnologiyalar va tizimlar

40
2013 dasturining lentalarini ko‘rinmaslik holatiga qo‘yish uchun
shu
buyruqdan foydalansa bo‘ladi.
1.2.
Bu
belgi, ish olib borilayotgan ekranni (dasturni) vaqtincha
yopish. Bunda yopilgan dastur «Пуск» mеnyusi qatorida paydo bo‘ladi.
1.3.
Bu
belgi, ish olib borilayotgan muloqot darchasini ekranda
to‘liq yoki dastlabki holatga kеltiradi.
1.4. Bu
belgidan, ish olib borilayotgan
muloqot darchasini
yopishda foydalaniladi.
2. Mеnyu qatori (gorizontal mеnyu). Unda
quyidagi bo‘limlar mavjud:
[Файл] (Fayl),
[Главная] (Asosiy),
[Вставка] (Joylashtirish),
[Разметка страницы] (Bet xossalari),
[Формулы] (Formulalar),
[Данные] (Ma’lumotlar),
[Рецензирование]
(Taqrizlash) va
[Вид] (Ko‘rinish).
Har bir menyu ustiga sichqoncha bilan kelib bosilsa,
shu menyuga
tegishli bo‘lgan lenta aks etadi. Quyida biz har bir menyuning vazifasi va
lentalarning ko‘rinishini havola etamiz.
2.1.
[Файл] (Fayl) –ushbu menyu yordamida foydalanuvchilar,
elektron hujjat haqida ma’lumotlarga ega bo‘lishlari,
yangi hujjat hosil
qilishlari, kompyuter xotirasida mavjud hujjatlarni ochishlari,
hujjatlarni
o‘z hohishlariga binoan kompyuterning ixtiyoriy diskida saqlashlari,
bosmaga
chiqarishlari, umumiy foydalanishni cheklashlari,
parol
qo‘yishlari, boshqa fayl kengaytmalariga eksport qilish va elektron
hujjatdan chiqib ketishlari mumkin.