nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Jahon tarixi

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Jahon tarixi
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bet | 1/3 | Sana | 09.12.2023 | Hajmi | 40,4 Kb. | | #114265 |
Bog'liq Jahon tarixi mustaqil ish oltinoy
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY TA’LIM,FAN VA INNOVATSIYALAR VAZIRLIGI CHIRCHIQ DAVLAT PEDAGOGIKA UNIVERSITETI TURIZM FAKULTETI UMUMKASBIY VA IXTISOSLIK FANLARI KAFEDRASI
“JAHON TARIXI” FANIDAN
MUSTAQIL ISH
MAVZU: “Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar.Mustamlaka mulklarning paydo bo’lishi”
BAJARDI:GID 2-BOSQICH TALABASI SAYDALIYEVA OLTINOY
CHIRCHIQ-2023
Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar.Mustamlaka mulklarning paydo bo’lishi
Reja:
Kirish
I bob.Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlarning boshlanishi
1.1.Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlarning sabablari
1.2.Amerikaning Kolumbdan avval ochilishi
1.3.Dunyo bo’ylab birinchi sayohat:Tinch okeaniga chiqish
II bob.Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar davri
2.1.Shimoliy Amerikaning inglizlar va fransuzlar o’rtasida qaytadan taqsimlanishi
2.2.Meksikaning zabt etilishi
Xulosa
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxati
KIRISH
XV asrda G‘arbiy Yevropada feodalstik munosabatlarni barqarorlashishiga va kapitalistik munosabatlarni rivojlanishiga sharoit yaratildi. Sanoat ishlab chiqarishida birinchi kapitalistik manafakturalar paydo bo‘ladi. Metallurgiyadagi texnik inqilob, porox ishlab chiqarish, o‘qotar qurollarni ishlatilishiga olib keladi, bu esa Yevropa armiyalarini oldinga olib chiqadi. Ilm-fan va madaniyatning rivojlanishi asosi bo‘lgan kitob bosmasi yo‘lga qo‘yiladi. Yelkanli kema-karavellalarni ixtiro etilishi, kompas va dengiz kartalarining ishlatilishi dengizda uzoq sayohat qilish imkonini yaratdi.
Yevropaning yetakchi davlatlari Janubiy, Janubi-Sharqiy va Sharqiy Osiyo mamlakatlari bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri savdo aloqalarini o‘rnatishdan manfaatdor edilar. Bu mamlakatlar G‘arbiy Yevropaga ziravorlar, ipak mato va qimmatbaho toshlar olib kelinardi. Quruqlikdagi vositachilik savdosi oqibatda Yevropada passiv savdo ayirboshlash balansi va qimmatbaho metallar kamomadini keltirib chiqarardi. Ammo XV asr o‘rtalarida Turklar tomonidan sharqiy O‘rtayer dengiz bo‘yini istilo etilishi bunday savdoni yo‘qqa chiqardi. Shunga bog‘liq holda Shimoliy Italiyaning savdo respublikalari Geniya va Venetsiyaning ahamiyati tushib ketadi va Ispaniya va Portugaliyaning roli oshadi. Mavrlarga (arablarga) qarshi olib borilgan uzoq davom etgan mustaqillik kurashi natijasida ushbu Pireniya davlatlarida, dengiz bo‘yi shaharlari burjuaziyasi va harbiy dvoryanlarga tayangan kuchli qirol hokimiyati o‘rnatildi. Portugaliya o‘zerini mavrlardan tozalashni erta tugatdi va avvaldan ma’lum yo‘nalishda, janubga qarab Afrika qirg‘oqlarini egallashga kirishdi. Rekonkista Ispaniyada sal kechroq tugallandi va uyerda Osiyoga olib boradigan noma’lum g‘arbiy yo‘lni izlashga tushildi. Bunga Yerning sharsimonligi haqidagi antik davr tasavvurlarini uyg‘onishi sabab bo‘ldi. XV asrning 70-yillarida, Toskanellining dunyo kartasi keng tarqaldi. Unda Yevropaning g‘arbida, hozirgi Amerika uzunligida Osiyoning sharqiy qirg‘oqlari tasvirlangan edi. Bu g‘oya XV asr oxirida Yer sharining dastlabki globuslaridan biri bo‘lgan Bexaymning globusida ham berilgan edi. Quyida buyuk geografik kashfiyotlarning qisqacha tavsifini keltirib o‘tamiz.
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- Ma‘ruza. Kattaliklarning o‘lchov birliklari

13
Reja.
1. Kattaliklarning birliklari.
2. Kattalikning o‘lchamligi.
3. Xalqaro birliklar tizimi.
4. Kattalik birliklarini va o‘lchamlarni belgilash va yozish qoidalari
3.1 Kattaliklarning birliklari
Muayyan obektni tavsiflovchi kattalik shu obekt uchun xos bo‘lgan miqdor tavsifiga ega
ekan, bu kabi obektlar o‘zaro birgalikda ko‘rilayotganda faqat mana shu miqdor tavsiflariga ko‘ra
tafovutlanadi. Buning uchun esa solishtirilayotganda obektlararo biror bir asos bo‘lishi lozim. Bu
asosga solishtirish birligi deyiladi. Aynan mana shunday tavsiflash asoslariga kattalikning birligi
deb nom berilgan.
Ko‘rilayotgan fizikaviy obektning ihtiyoriy bir xossasining miqdor tavsifi bo‘lib uning
o‘lchami xizmat qiladi. Lekin ―uzunlik o‘lchami‖, ―massa o‘lchami‖, ―sifat ko‘rsatkichining
o‘lchami‖ degandan ko‘ra ―uzunligi‖, ―massasi‖, ―sifat ko‘rsatkichi‖ kabi iboralarni ishlatish ham
leksik jihatdan,ham texnikaviy jihatdan o‘rinli bo‘ladi.O‘lcham bilan qiymat tushunchalarini bir-
biriga adashtirish kerak emas. Masalan, 100 g, 10
5
mg, 10
-4
t - bir o‘lchamni 3 xil ko‘rinishda
ifodalanishi bo‘lib, odatda ―massa o‘lchamining qiymati‖ demasdan, ―massasi (...) kg‖ deb
gapiramiz. Demak kattalikning qiymati deganda uning o‘lchamini muayyan sonli birliklarda
ifodalanishini tushunishimiz lozim.
Kattalikning o‘lchami - Ayrim olingan moddiy obekt, tizim, hodisa yoki jarayonga tegishli
bo‘lgan kattalikning miqdori bo‘lib hisoblanadi.
Kattalikning qiymati - qabul qilingan birliklarning ma‘lum bir soni bilan kattalikning
miqdor tavsifini aniqlash.
Qiymatning sonlar bilan ifodalangan tarkibiy qismini kattalikning sonli qiymati deyiladi.
Sonli qiymat kattalikning o‘lchami noldan qancha birlikka farqlanadi, yoki o‘lchash birligi sifatida
olingan o‘lchamdan qancha birlik katta (kichik) ekanligini bildiradi yoki boshqacha aytganda Q
kattaligining qiymati uni o‘lchash birligining o‘lchami [Q] va sonli qiymati q bilan ifodalanadi
degan ma‘noni anglashimiz lozim:
Q q q[Q].
Endi yana kattalikning birligiga qaytamiz. Ikki xil metall quvur berilgan bo‘lib, birining
diametri 1 m, ikkinchisiniki 0,5 m. Ularning ikkovini diametr bo‘yicha solishtirish uchun, muayyan
bir asos sifatida olingan birlik qiymati bilan solishtirishimiz lozim bo‘ladi
Albatta, bu aytilgan gaplar shartlidir, ya‘ni hozircha, vaqti kelib 4 yashar bola elektr

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Albatta, bu aytilgan gaplar shartlidir, ya‘ni hozircha, vaqti kelib 4 yashar bola elektrBog'liq portal.guldu.uz-O`quv-uslubiy majmua
Albatta, bu aytilgan gaplar shartlidir, ya‘ni hozircha, vaqti kelib 4 yashar bola elektr
kuchlanishi u yoqda tursin, hatto EHM qanday tarkibiy birikmalardan tashkil topganligini
ham aytib berib, ko‘z oldingizda shaxsiy kompyuterni yig‘ib berishi ham mumkin.
Shunday qilib, tajriba o‘tkazishdan (o‘lchashdan) oldin bizda aynan shu o‘lchashga tegishli
bo‘lgan muayyan ma‘lumotlar va ko‘nikmalar bo‘lishi lozim bo‘ladi.
2- Aksioma.Har qanday o’lchash - taqqoslash (solishtirish) demakdir.
Endi ikkinchi aksiomaning izohiga o‘tamiz.
O‘lchash degani, sodda qilib aytganda olingan ob‘ektda tekshirilayotgan kattalik qanchalik
ko‘p yoki kam tadbiq etganligini aniqlash hisoblanadi. Masalan, ko‘z oldimizda turgan ixtiyoriy bir
narsani, aytaylik stolni olaylik. Uning tomonlarini uzunligini aniqlash kerak bo‘lsa, bizning ko‘z
oldimizga bir metrga teng bo‘lgan uzunlik keladi va unga nisbatan qiyos qilib taxminiy tarzda eni
va bo‘yi to‘g‘risidagi ma‘lumotlarni olishimiz mumkin. Lekin bu shunday tez va g‘ayri oddiy bir
tarzda yuz beradiki, biz bu haqda o‘ylashga ulgurmaymiz ham, ko‘z oldimizga keltira olmaymiz
ham. Boshqa bir kattalik, masalan, tanavvul qilayotgan ovqatning mazasini ko‘raylik.
Bu kattalik hozircha o‘lchab bo‘lmaydigan kattaliklardan. Uni odatda faqat baholanadi.
Baholash esa, individual tarzda bo‘lib muayyan mezon asosida amalga oshiriladi. Bunda
mezonlarning soni birdan tortib, bir nechtagacha bo‘lishi mumkin. Masalan, "yaxshi" va "yomon"
(2 mezon); "yaxshi", "yomon" va "o‘rtacha" (3 mezon); "yaxshi", "yomon", "o‘rtacha", "juda
yaxshi" va "juda yomon" (5 ta mezon) va hokazolar. Agar ovqatning faqat mazasi yoki soddaroq
bo‘lishi uchun tuzning yaxshi-yomonligini ko‘rib chiqaylik. Bunda biz xuddi shu kattalikiing (ya‘ni
tuz mikdorining) yaxshi bo‘lgan qiymatini olamiz va shu qiymatga nisbatan yuqorida yoki pastda
bo‘lgan holatga shahodat keltiramiz.
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Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors - bet 10

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Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authorsBog'liq 4 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
Walmart’s Information Systems
Walmart is the world’s largest retailer,
(1)
_____________________ of $443.9 billion in the fiscal
year that ended on January 31, 2012. Walmart currently serves over 200 million customers every
week, worldwide. Walmart’s rise to prominence is
(2)
________________ of information systems.
One of the keys to this success was
(3)
_____________________, a supply-chain management
system. This system, unique when initially implemented in the mid-1980s, allowed Walmart’s
suppliers
(4)
_____________________
and sales information of their products at any of Walmart’s
more than ten thousand stores. Using Retail Link, suppliers can analyze how well their products are
selling at one or more Walmart stores,
(5)
_____________________. Further, Walmart requires the
suppliers to use Retail Link
(6)
_____________________. If a supplier feels that their products are
selling out too quickly, they can use Retail Link to petition Walmart to raise the levels of inventory
for their products. This has essentially allowed Walmart to “hire” thousands of product managers,
(7)
_____________________ they are managing. This revolutionary approach to managing
inventory has allowed Walmart to continue to drive prices down and respond
(8)
_____________________.
Today, Walmart continues to innovate with information technology.
(9)
_____________________,
any technology that Walmart requires its suppliers to implement immediately becomes a business
standard.
A
all of whom have a vested interest in the
products
B
to directly access the inventory levels
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Xalqaro birliklar tizimi birliklarini o‘nli karrali va ulushli birliklarining nomlari va

18
O‘nli
ko‘paytuvchi
Old
qo‘shimcha
Old
qo‘shimcha
belgisi
O‘nli
ko‘paytuvchi
Old
qo‘shimcha
Old
qo‘shimcha
belgisi
10
24
Iota
Y
10
-1
detsi
d
10
21
Zetta
Z
10
-2
santi
s
10
18
Eksa
E
10
-3
milli
m
10
15
Peta
R
10
-6
mikro
μ
10
12
Tera
T
10
-9
nano
n
10
9
Giga
G
10
-12
piko
p
10
6
Mega
M
10
-15
femto
f
10
3
Kilo
k
10
-18
atto
a
10
2
Gekto
h
10
-21
zepto
z
10
1
Deka
da
10
-24
iokto
y
Birlikning nomiga yoki belgisiga ikki yoki undan ko‘proq old ko‘shimchalarni ketma-ket
qo‘shishga yo‘l qo‘yilmaydi. Masalan, birlik nomi mikromikrofarad o‘rniga pikofarad yozilishi
kerak.
Izohlar:
1. Asosiy birlikning nomi - kilogramm "kilo" old qo‘shimchasiga ega bo‘lganligi
sababli
massani karrali va ulushli birliklarini hosil qilish uchun massaning ulushli birligi – gramm (0,001
kg) ishlatiladi va old qo‘shimchalar "gramm" so‘ziga qo‘shilibyozilishi lozim, masalan,
mikrokilogramm (µkg) o‘rniga milligramm (mg).
2. Massaning ulushli birligi - grammni old qo‘shimchasiz ishlatish ruxsat etiladi (birlikning
belgisi - g).
Old qo‘shimcha yoki uning belgisi birlikning nomiga, yoki mos holda, belgisiga qo‘shib
yozilishi lozim.
Agar birlik birliklar ko‘paytmasi yoki nisbati ko‘rinishida tuzilgan bo‘lsa,
u holda old
qo‘shimchani yoki uning belgisini ko‘paytma yoki nisbatga kiruvchi birinchi birlik nomiga yoki
belgisiga ko‘shib yozish lozim.
Tug‘ri:
kilopaskal-sekunda
taqsim metr
(kPa·sG‘m).
Noto‘g‘ri:
paskal-kilosekunda
taqsim metr
(Pa·ksG‘m).
Asoslangan hollarda, bunday birliklar keng tarqalgan hollarda
bandning birinchi qismiga
muvofiq tuzilgan birliklarga o‘tish qiyin bo‘lsa, old qo‘shimchani ko‘paytmaning ikkinchi
ko‘paytuvchisiga yoki nisbatning maxrajida ishlatilishiga ruxsat etiladi, yani masalan:
tonna-
kilometr (t
km), volt taqsim santimetr (VG‘cm), amper taqsim millimetr kvadrat (AG‘mm).
Darajaga ko‘tarilgan birlikning karrali va ulushli birliklar nomi old qo‘shimchani asosiy
birlik nomiga qo‘shib yozish bilan hosil kilinadi Masalan, yuza birligining
karrali yoki ulushli
birligini hosil qilish uchun old qo‘shimchani asosiy birlik - metrga qo‘shish kerak: kilometrning
kvadrati, santimetrning kvadrati va h.k.
Darajaga ko‘tarilgan birlik olingan karrali va ulushli birliklarining belgilarini shu daraja
ko‘rsatkichini mazkur birlikdan olingan karra yoki ulush belgisiga qo‘shib
tuzish lozim, shunda
19
ko‘rsatgich karrali (yoki ulushli) birlikning (old qo‘shimcha bilan birga) darajaga ko‘tarilganligini
ifodalaydi.
iii 
For questions 1-13, read the text below and choose the most appropriate word from

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iii
For questions 1-13, read the text below and choose the most appropriate word fromBog'liq 4 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISHiii
For questions 1-13, read the text below and choose the most appropriate word from
the list (A-Q) for each gap. There are
THREE EXTRA WORDS
that you do not need to use.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Skills Essential for a Database Developer or Programmer
To stay (
L
) COMPETITIVE
,
a student studying to be a database
(1)
… should strive to be
(2)
…
in more than one programming language. In the not-too-distant past, it was sufficient for an
(3)
…
database developer to be proficient in just database
(4)
… (i.e., SQL programming). However, to be
competitive in today’s market, a database developer should be
(5)
… in database programming, as
well as in
(6)
… programming such as JavaScript/HTML and a specific programming language
such as C/C++. Aspiring database programmers today will have to work with databases that
(7)
…
almost all types of applications, and almost all
(8)
… will use databases. Students should know how
to
(9)
... databases, write
(10)
… (i.e., SQL), and do maintenance. They should also know the
(11)
… of normalization as this leads to fantastic database design. In fact, database skills are
important for all
(12)
… students since most are going to
(13)
… some sort of database work in the
real world, and they will want to be able to speak the language.
A
computer
E
proficient
I
able
M
run
B
system
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O‘lchov bilan taqqoslash (solishtirish) usuli -

11
Ayirmali o‘lchash (differensial) usuli - o‘lchov bilan taqqoslash usulining turi hisoblanib,
o‘lchanayotgan kattalikning va o‘lchov orqali yaratilgan kattalikning ayirmasini (farqini) o‘lchash
asbobiga ta‘sir qilish usuli. Misol qilib uzunlik o‘lchovini qiyoslashda uni komparatorda namunaviy
o‘lchov bilan taqqoslab o‘tkaziladigan o‘lchash.
Yoki, voltmetr yordamida ikki kuchlanish orasidagi farqni o‘lchash, bunda kuchlanishlardan biri
juda yuqori aniqlikda ma‘lum, ikkinchisi esa izlanayotgan kattalik hisoblanadi.
U q U
0
U
x
; U
x
qU
0
U
U
x
bilan U
0
qanchalik yaqin bo‘lsa, o‘lchash natijasi ham shunchalik aniq bo‘ladi.
Nolga keltirish usuli - bu ham o‘lchov bilan taqqoslash usulining bir turi hisoblanadi.
Bunda kattalikning taqqoslash asbobiga ta‘siri natijasini nolga keltirish lozim bo‘ladi. Masalan,
elektr qarshiligini qarshiliklar ko‘prigi bilan to‘la muvozanatlashtirib o‘lchash.
q 0 f (x
y) q 0
O‘rindoshlik usuli - o‘lchov bilan taqqoslash usulining turi hisoblanib, o‘lchanayotgan
kattalikning o‘lchov orqali yaratilgan ma‘lum qiymatli kattalik bilan o‘rin almashishiga asoslangan.
Misol, o‘lchanadigan massa bilan tarozi toshini bir pallaga galma-gal qo‘yib o‘lchash yoki
qarshiliklar magazini yordamida tekshirilayotgan rezistorning qarshiligini topish:
R
0
K 1
Q
2
U
-
Bunda ―K‖ni ikkala holatda (1,2) qo‘yganda
1
q
2
shart bajarilishi kerak.
I
1
q U G‘ R
0
1
I
2
q U G‘ R
k
2
Mos kelish usuli - - “Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlash asoslari”

12
lozim va bu metrologik xossalar davriy ravishda tekshirilib turiladi. O‘lchash amalida
o‘lchanayotgan kattalikning qiymati to‘g‘ri aniqlanishi aynan mana shu o‘lchash vositasining
to‘g‘ri tanlanishiga va ishlashiga bog‘liq.
O‘lchash vositalarining namoyondalari sifatida quyidagilarni keltirishimiz mumkin:
*
o‘lchovlar;
*
o‘lchash asboblari;
*
o‘lchash o‘zgartkichlari;
*
o‘lchash qurilmalari;
*
o‘lchash tizimlari.
O‘lchovlar - keng tarqalgan o‘lchash vositalaridan hisoblanadi.
O‘lchov deb, kattalikning aniq bir qiymatini hosil qiladigan, saqlaydigan o‘lchash vositasiga
aytiladi. Masalan, tarozi toshi, elektr qarshiligi, kondensatori va shu kabilarni o‘lchovlarga misol
qilib olishimiz mumkin.
O‘lchovlarning ham turlari va xillari ko‘p. Standart namunalar va namunaviy moddalar ham
o‘lchovlar turkumiga kiritilgan.
Payments - Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors

114
Using current payment methods comes with high payment processing fees coupled with the high
fees charged by e-commerce platforms on any sales made by retailers using their platform. These
fees often start from around 2-3% of the total purchase price of any transaction.
Blockchain e-commerce projects such as Request Network and ECoinmerce have an aim to create a
blockchain based marketplace using fast and secure transactions for any e-commerce business
model. Request Network also wants to utilize blockchain technology for the financial transactions
aspect of the e-commerce industry by providing low cost financial transactions, high security
standards, and an overall amazing customer experience.
Supply chain management.
This is perhaps one of the most important aspects of the e-commerce
industry since the current supply chain system has issues only blockchain technology can solve in
today’s, fast-moving e-commerce business world.
Blockchain projects like VeChain aim to create an incorruptible visualization of the supply chain
process. Since data validated on the blockchain network is virtually incorruptible, the supply chain
process on a supply chain focused blockchain network is a much-needed solution for supply chain
management problems facing the e-commerce industry today.
An incorruptible blockchain network will provide a transparent supply chain where consumers can
see the order flow of the products they buy, helping increase consumer confidence.
Xalqaro birliklar tizimi (SI) ning hosilaviy birliklari

17
Tezlanish
LT
-2
metr taqsim sekundning kvadrati
mG‘s
2
Zichlik
L
-3
M
kilogramm taqsim metrning kubi
kgG‘m
3
To‘lqin son
L
-1
metrning darajasi minus bir
m
-1
Solishtirma xajm
L
3
M
-1
metrning
kubi taqsim kilogramm
m
3
G‘kg
Elektr tokining zichligi
L
-2
I
amper taqsim metrning kvadrati
AG‘m
2
Magnit
maydonning
kuchlanganligi
L
-1
I
amper taqsimmetr
AG‘m
Komponentning
molyar
konsentratsiyasi
L
-3
N
mol
taqsimmetrning kubi
molG‘m
3
Ravshanlik
L
-2
J
kandela taqsimmetrning kvadrati
cdG‘m
2
SI ning maxsus nomiga va belgilanishiga ega bo‘lgan hosilaviy birliklari 3-jadvalda
ko‘rsatilgan.
SIning elektr va magnit kattaliklarining birliklarini elektromagnit maydoni tenglamalarini
ratsionallashtirilgan
shakliga
muvofiq
hosil
qilish
lozim.Butenglamalarga
vakuumning
magnit
doimiyligiμ
0
kiradi. Uni aniq qiymati 4π
10
-7
HG‘m yoki12,566 370 614...-10
-7
HG‘m (aniq).
O‘lchovlar vatarozilar XVII Boshkonfernsiyasining- O‘TBK (1983 y.) qarorlariga muvofiq
uzunlik birligi - metrni yangi ta‘rifi bo‘yicha, tekis elektromagnit to‘lqinlarining
vakuumda
tarqalish tezligini qiymati s
0
- 299792458 mG‘s (aniq) ga teng deb qabul qilingan.
Bu tenglamaga shuningdek qiymati 8,854187817 10
-12
FG‘m teng deb qabul qilingan
vakuumning elektrik doimiyligi ε
0
kiradi.
Elektr birliklari o‘lchamlarining anikligini Djozefson effekti va Xoll kvant effekti asosida
oshirish maqsadida O‘lchovlar va tarozilar xalqaro komiteti (O‘TXK) tomonidan 1990 yil 1
yanvaridan boshlab Djozefson konstantasining
shartli qiymati K
j-90
q 4,83579
10
14
HzG‘V (aniq)
[O‘TXK 1 - tavsiyasi, 1988 y] va Klitsing konstantasini shartli qiymati R
k-90
q 25812,807 Ω (aniq)
[O‘TXK, 2- tavsiyasi, 1988 y] deb kiritildi.
Izoh - O‘TXK ning 1 va 2 tavsiyalari elektr yurituvchi kuch birligi volt va elektr qarshilik
birligi – Om ta‘rifi Xalqaro birliklar tizimida qayta ko‘rib chiqilgan degan ma‘noni bildirmaydi.
1. Xalqaro birliklar tizimini 1960 yili O‘lchovlar va tarozilar
XI Bosh konferensiyasida
qabul qilishda uchta birliklar sinfi kirar edi: asosiy, hosilaviy va qo‘shimcha (radian va steradian).
O‘TBK radian va steradian birligini «qo‘shimcha» deb tasnifladi, uning asosiy yoki hosilaviy
ekanligi tug‘risidagi masalani ochiq qoldirdi. Bu birliklarning ikkilanma tushunishni bartaraf qilish
maqsadida O‘lchovlar va tarozilar xalqaro komiteti 1980 yil (1 - tavsiya) qo‘shimcha
SI birliklari
sinfini o‘lchamsiz hosilaviy birliklar sinfi deb tushunishni qaror qildi, O‘TBK hosilaviy SI birliklari
uchun ifodalarda ularni qo‘llash yoki qo‘llanmaslikni ochiq qoldirdi. 1995 yil XX O‘TBK (8-qaror)
SI dan qo‘shimcha birliklar sinfini olib tashlashga, boshqa hosilaviy SI
birliklari uchun ifodalarda
qo‘llanish yoki qo‘llanilmasligi mumkin bo‘lgan (zaruriyatga ko‘ra) radian va steradianni SI ning
o‘lchamsiz hosilaviy birliklari deb atashga qaror qildi.
Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors - bet 11

13
G
Speaking Test
What are new ways people can use technology to change the world?
Do digital tools make us more or less productive at work?
What do you know about Business Intelligence issues?
Many everyday objects (such as amusement park rides, cars, elevators, and ovens)
that you might not normally associate with a computer or information system, in fact, are today.
There are obvious benefits, but are there risks as well?
Would you feel more or less comfortable riding on a roller coaster that was
computer controlled?
Do the benefits of computerizing an increasing number of everyday objects
outweigh the potential risks? Why or why not?
Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors - bet 104

112
TOPIC IX.
E-COMMERCE
Mobile commerce tech trends to keep your eye on
Mobile commerce has begun to carve out a significant niche in the financial world. The technology
is
continuing to improve, further fueling this explosion in a new form of commerce.
The rise of
Bitcoin and its associated cryptocurrencies has brought with it a slew of startups that are attempting
to apply the technologies undergirding these coins to everyday commerce.
Because of estimates that the mobile commerce industry will nearly double in only 4 years, this
industry is one that investors will certainly want to keep your eye on. As the technology powering
these transactions continues to develop new and interesting
solutions for mobile commerce, here are
6 trends you should pay your attention.
Blockchain is coming to mobile commerce
Outside of crypto, blockchain technology offers the possibility to transfer information quickly and
securely thanks to a decentralized ledger that is powered by smart contracts. Since blockchain has
an edge in both security and speed when compared to traditional types of monetary transfers, expect
the technology to have a major impact on the mobile commerce industry.
Security will increase across the board
New advances in technology have allowed new types of security measures
to be implemented in
mobile commerce platforms. For the first time, this puts the industry in a situation where users trust
the platforms as they would concrete establishments.
Millennials are digitally fluent, making them unafraid of secure platforms that would have scared
off older, “digitally naïve” consumers. With the possibility of further security through blockchain,
expect that trust among mobile consumers will rise considerably in future.
F 
Web Research - Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors

20
G
Speaking Test
There are numerous databases that contain personal, but public, information about
individuals. Today much of this data is available online.
How do you feel about your personal information being contained in databases that
other individuals can access or that might be breached via the Internet?
Do you mind that anyone with an Internet connection might be able to find out how
much you paid for your house, if you are married, where you live, and other personal
information?
It is becoming increasingly common for biometric devices to be used to grant or deny access
to facilities, as well as to identify consumers for financial transactions. In order to facilitate this,
some data about each participant’s biometric features must be stored in a database.
How do you feel about your biometric characteristics being stored in a database?
Does it depend on whether the system belongs to your bank, employer, school, or the
government?
Because biometric features cannot be reset, are you at risk using a biometric ID
system? Why or why not?
Augmented reality will shine in mobile commerce

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Augmented reality will shine in mobile commerceBog'liq 4 PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
Augmented reality will shine in mobile commerce
Augmented reality is a relatively new technology, and while you may not have noticed, it’s very
possible you may have been a user many times. Augmented reality allows users to project all sorts
of objects into their immediate surroundings.
One of the most popular applications of this tech has been Pokémon Go, which made $600
million for its developers only months after release. Mobile commerce platforms can use the
technology to give users the chance to place virtual furniture in their homes, ensuring that
customers have an easier and more trustworthy experience.
As the mobile commerce industry continues to grow, more companies are innovating in the space.
A number of platforms offer increased speed and security, while others offer entirely new
applications that assist users in buying what they need.
With the value of mobile commerce steadily becoming a bigger percentage of the value of overall
commerce, investors and techies alike should pay attention to these 6 trends in the industry.
See more at
:
https://thenextweb.com/contributors/2018/03/09/mobile-commerce-tech-trends-
keep-eye/
How blockchain will transform the e-commerce industry over the next few years
By David Geer
Blockchain technology should be considered the most disruptive technology invention of the fourth
industrial revolution. The world has never seen a technology as powerful as blockchain technology
and it could potentially impact all sectors of the economy completely transforming it through top
notch efficiency.
However, the sector it is aiming to transform, and hopes to have the highest impact on day to day
consumer and seller activities, is the e-commerce industry. The convenience, affordability, and vast
array of products offered by e-commerce platforms shows some of the benefits of the e-commerce
industry, but with the growth of the industry (a global online retail market that is expected to
surpass $4.5 billion by 2020), large e-commerce companies like Amazon, Alibaba, EBay and a
large group of other companies which account for over 50% of that market valuation, the problems
associated with e-commerce are beginning to emerge.
Some of these problems relate to payments, supply chain management, data security, transparent
marketplace, satisfied retailers, efficient management systems, and satisfied consumers. The current
e-commerce business model will have a hard time resolving all these issues in one fell swoop, with
the only solution to these problems is blockchain technology.
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Book · October 021 citations reads 35,829 authors - bet 109

116
Today, much of this sort of information
exists in isolation, but increasingly it will be
communicated, with the permission of vehicle owners, into cloud data
centres where it can be
analysed and used to inform future services, according to Ford executives.
“Our challenge is that we have different pockets of how we store this data. We're trying to sort this
out and answer, ‘What is the solution set?’ ” Viera said.
The impact of Ford's investment in Big Data capabilities already has been far-reaching. The insights
that this group is producing, for example, were used to project the right production levels for Ford
vehicles
of all power types, based on potential climate impact over the next 50 years. It was also
used to determine that Ford is better off investing in several types of alternative engine power
approaches,
including all-electric, biodiesel, hybrid and plug-in electric,
compressed natural gas
(CNG) and liquid petroleum gas (LPG).
Looking into the future, the data being collected from Ford's fleet will be used to help automate so-
called green routing services that automatically optimize a vehicle's speed to minimize its impact on
local air conditions, said John Ginder, manager of systems analytics
and environmental sciences,
research and environmental engineering. These profiles might be triggered automatically, perhaps,
if someone drives into a "green zone" near hospitals, schools or high-density residential areas.
From a production standpoint, Ford also is closely watching the impact of these innovations across
its supply chain,
said Tim Wallington, Ford climate scientist and senior technical leader for
environmental sciences. In particular, the company tracks the demand and availability of rare earth
elements, lithium and platinum group metals.
“We are looking for the best ways to meet the rather significant climate change challenge in a cost-
effective way,” Wallington said.
See more at:
https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2013/10/28/how-big-data-drives-fords-green-
technology-investments
Mobile-friendly will be the new standard

Mobile-friendly will be the new standard While in the past many online shoppers bought products over the internet through their desktop or
laptop, many consumers have begun to embrace smartphones as full-on replacements to personal
computers. As smartphones become cheaper and easier to access, websites will have to adapt to the
growing community of users who only view their sites on mobile. In order to compete in the mobile
commerce market, companies will need to adapt their websites and make them mobile friendly.
Sites that aren’t will be ignored by millennials, who can quickly find an easier-to-use platform.
Digital wallets will see a rise in popularity While the concept of a digital wallet has been around for some time, only recently, as millennials
have grown up, have they become widely accepted by the public. Technologies like Amazon
Pay, Apple Pay and PayPal One Touch have experienced a 10% uptick in users as a result, making
integration into mobile commerce platforms a must.
Combined with one-page checkouts, users have overwhelmingly embraced the performance
advantages of the new tech.
Artificial intelligence and chatbots will be everywhere As artificial intelligence technology has developed to the point where applications like artificial
neural networks can actually be utilized, many investors have jumped on the idea. Analysts in the
industry are convinced that AI will offer increases in user metrics as the technology is able to assist
users autonomously, helping them find what they want and seamlessly guiding them through the
checkout process.
Chatbots have been able to develop alongside artificial intelligence to the point where the
technology is able to effectively help customers. In tandem with AI, chatbots are able to make
online shopping experiences feel like that of a brick-and-mortar store by providing users with a
well-educated assistant for their shopping needs.
113
With AI becoming so popular and chatbots becoming so powerful, there is no doubt that it will soon
be a feature of nearly every mobile commerce platform looking to market more than a dozen
products.
Xalqaro birliklar tizimi - “Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlash asoslari”

16
Termodinami
k harorat
θ
kelvin
K
Kelvin bu termodinamik harorat birligi
bo‘lib,
usuvning
uchlanma
nuqtasi
termodinamik
haroratning
1G‘273,16
qismiga teng
Modda
mikdori
N
mol
mol
Mol bu massasi 0,012 kg bo‘lgan
uglerod
– 12 da qancha atom bo‘lsa, uz tarkibiga
shuncha
elementlarini
olgan
tizimning
modda miqdoridir. Molni tadbiq etishda
elementlari guruhlangan bo‘lishi
lozim va
ular atom, molekula, ion, elektron va
boshqa zarrachalar
guruhlaridan iborat
bo‘lishi mumkin
Yorug‘lik
kuchi
J
kandela
cd
Kandela bu berilgan yo‘nalishda 540-
10Hz
chastotali
monoxramatik
nurlanishni
tarqatuvchi
va
shu
yo‘nalishda energetik yorug‘lik kuchi
1G‘683
WG‘sr
ni
tashkil
etuvchi
manbaning yorug‘lik kuchidir
Izohlar:
1. Kelvin temperaturasidan (belgisi T) tashqari tqT-To ifoda
bilan aniqlanuvchi Selsiy
temperaturasi (belgisi t) qo‘llaniladi, bu erda ta‘rifi bo‘yicha Tq273,15 K. Kelvin temperaturasi
kelvinlar bilan Selsiy temperaturasi - Selsiy graduslari bilan ifodalanadi(xalqaro va o‘zbekcha
belgisi °S). O‘lchovi bo‘yicha Selsiy gradusi kelvinga teng. Selsiy gradusi bu «kelvin» nomi o‘rniga
ishlatiladigan maxsus nom.
2. Kelvin temperaturalarining ayirmasi yoki oralig‘i kelvinlar bilan ifodalanadi. Selsiy
temperaturalarining ayirmasi yoki oralig‘i
kelvinlar bilan ham, Selsiy graduslari bilan ham
ifodalashga ruxsat etiladi.
3. Xalqaro amaliy temperatura belgisini 1990 yilgi xalqaro temperatura shkalasida ifodalash
uchun, agar uni termodinamik temperaturadan farqlash lozim bo‘lsa,
unda termodinamik
temperatura belgisiga «90» indeksi qo‘shib yoziladi (masalan,
T
90
yoki
t
90
)
O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi

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O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi
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bet | 33/113 | Sana | 29.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,99 Mb. | | #256811 | Turi | Referat |
Bog'liq Tarix” kafedrasi “manbashunoslik va tarixshunoslik”O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi
Ishlash bosqichlari, vaqti
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Faoliyat mazmuni
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O`qituvchining
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Talabaning
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1 bosqich
1.1 O`quv xujjatlarini to`ldirish va davomatni tekshirish 5m. 1.2 Kirish 5m.
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1.2. O`tilgan mavzudan kelib chiqqan holda forsiy tilda bitilgan yozma manbalar yana bir bor izohlanadi va ularning ilmiy va tarixiy ahamiyati tushuntiriladi.
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Tinglashadi aniqlashtirishadi, oldigi mavzuni eslaydilar, savollar beradilar.
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2 bosqich
Asosiy 56 min
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2.1. Amir Temur davri manbalari haqida ma’lumotlar beriladi. Ayniqsa, forsiy tilda bitilgan asarlarning tarixdiy qiymati va ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlanadi.
2.2. Ma’ruzada yana Nizomiddin SHomiy, o’iyosiddin Ali asarlariga alohida to’xtalib o’tiladi. Ibn Arabshox, SHohrux va Ulug’bek davri manbalarining o’ziga xos xusiyatlari ham ma’ruzada keltirib o’tiladi.
2.3. Hofizi Abru, Mirxond, Xondamirning Temuriylar saltanati tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalar orasida tutgan o’rni va roli haqida gapiriladi. Bobur davriga oid turli hujjatlarning ahamiyati haqida ham suhbat qilinadi.
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Konspekt yozishadi, tinglashadi. Atamalarni konspektlashtirib boradilar.
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3 bosqich. Yakuniy natijalar 15 min.
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3.1 Mavzu bo`yicha xulosa qilish va Temuriylar saltanati tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalar yuzasidan umumlashtiruvchi fikr bildiriladi.
3.2 Talabalarga “Nima uchun?” diagrammasini to`ldirish taklif etiladi, va o`quv mashg`ulotning maqsadiga erishish darajasi tahlil qilinadi.
3.3 Mavzu yuzasidan o`quv vazifasi beriladi. Amaliy mashg’ulotga tayyorlanish.
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O`rganilgan mavzu bo`yicha olgan ma’lumotlarga tayangan xolda “Nima uchun?” diagrammasini to`ldiradilar. Temuriylar saltanati tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalarni nima uchun o`rganish kerak ekanligi haqida fikrlar bildiradilar, olgan ma’lumotlarini yana bir bor ahamiyatini anglashga intiladilar.
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Mavzu: O’rta Osiyoning XVI- XIX asrlar tarixiga oid yozma manbalar

O`quv mashg`ulotining tuzilishi
Ma’ruza rejasi
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O’rta Osiyoning XVI-XIX asrlar tarixiga oid fors-tojik tilidagi yozma manbalar: Mulla Shodiy «Fathnoma», Fazlulloh ibn Ruzbexon «Mehmonnomai Buxoro», Xondamir «Habib as-siyar», Zayniddin Vosifiy «Badoe’ ul-vaqoe’», Mirzo Muhammad Haydar «Tarixi Rashidiy», Hofiz Tanish Buxoriy «Abdullanoma», Mahmud ibn Valiy «Bahr ul-asror», Xoja Samandar Termiziy «Dastur al-muluk», Muhammad Yusuf Munshiy «Tarixi Muqimxoniy», Mir Muhammad Amin Buxoriy «Ubaydullanoma», Abdurrahmon Davlat «Tarixi Abulfayzxon», Mir Muhammad Salim «Silsilat as-salotin», Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy «Tuhfai xoniy», Mir Olim Buxoriy «Fathnomayi sultoniy», Axmad Donish «Navodir al-vaqoe’», Abduazim Somiy «Tarixi salotini mang’itiya», Mirzo Salimbek «Tarixi Salimiy», Muhammad Solih «Tarixi jadidayi Toshkand», Niyoz Muhammad Xo’qandiy «Tarixi Shohruxiy». O’rta Osiyoning XVI-XIX asrlar tarixiga oid eski o’zbek tilidagi yozma manbalar: anonim «Tavorixi guzida» («Nusratnoma»), Muhammad Solih «Shayboniynoma», Zahiriddin Bobur «Boburnoma», Abulg’ozi Bahodurxon «Shajarayi tarokima», «Shajarayi turk va mo’g’ul», Munis va Ogahiy «Firdavs ul-iqbol», Mirzo Olim Toshkandiy «Ansob as-salotin».
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Pedagogik vazifalar:
Yangi mavzu bilan tanishtirish, mavzuga oid ilmiy atamalarni ochib berish, asosiy maslalar bo`yicha tushunchalarni shakllantirish.
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O`quv faoliyatining natijalari:
Talabalar Temuriylar saltanati tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalar haqida tasavvurga ega bo`ladilar, asosiy ma’lumotlarni kospektlashtiradilar. Guruxlarda ishlash jarayonida mustaqil fikrlash davomida taklif qilingan kichik muammolarning yechimini topadilar.
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Mahsulot sifatini aniqlashda necha xil uslublar mavjud?

273
Mahsulot sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini aniqlash uslubi qaysi?
Xisob kitob usuli
Analiz usuli
Laboratoriya usuli
Biologik usul
Mahsulot sifatini sezgi organlari yordamida aniqlash qaysi usul xisoblanadi?
Organoleptik usul
Statistik va texnik
Statistik usul
Texnik usul
Mahsulotlar sifatini hisoblashda kishilarning sezgi organlari (ko‘rish va hid bilish, ta‘m va
mazani aniqlash, eshitish katta-kichikligini sezish va boshqalar) o‘lchash asboblari bo‘lib
xizmat qila olish?
Orgonoleptik
Hisoblash-o‘lchash
Sotsiologik
Ro‘yxatga olish
Maxsulotlarni yaxshi saqlaganlik me‘yoriga nimalar kiradi?
Rangi, hidi va ta‘mi
Rangi, yirikligi
Hidi, og‘irligi
Ta‘mi, mazasi
Mahsulotlarning sifat darajasini aniqlash qanday usullar yordamida amalga oshiriladi?
Defferentsial, kompleks va integral usul yordamida
Organoleptik
O‘lchash-hisoblash
Ro‘yxatga olish
Mahsulotlarning sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini qiymatini qanday usullar yordamida aniqlash
mumkin?
Sotsiologik-qayd qilish usuli
O‘lchash-hisoblash
Eksport-sensor usuli
Yuqoridagi barcha usullar yordamida
Mahsulotlarning sifat ko‘rsatkichlarining qiymatini texnik o‘lchov vositalari va emperik
bog‘lanishlar yordamida aniqlash qanday aniqlash usuliga asos buladi?
O‘lchov uslubi
Eksport-sensor usuli
Sotsiologik-qayd qilish usuli
Organoleptik uslub
Metrologik ta‘minotning asosy maksadi bu?
O‘zbekiston Republikasining o‘lchovlar birligini ta‘minlash, davlat tizimi qoidalarini amalga
oshirish
Fizik miqdorlarni nazoratda tutish
Fizik jixozlar shkalalarini tekshirish
Ximiyaviy moddalarni aniqlashda
Metrologiya xizmatiga tegishli bo‘lgan tushunchalarni ko‘rsating?

274
Xisoblash
Me‘yoriy xujjatlar xaqida tushuncha bering?
Me‘yor va o‘lchamlarni, shartlar va tavsiyalarni o‘zida mujassam etgan bo‘ladi
Unda ayrim talablar ko‘rsatilgan bo‘ladi
Unda maxsulot xaqida ayrim ma‘lumotlar ko‘rsatilgan bo‘ladi.
Unda maxsulot xaqida ayrim ma‘lumotlar ko‘rsatilmagan bo‘ladi.
MOZM - metrologiya qonuniyati bo‘yicha xalqaro tashkiloti qachon tashkil topgan?
1955
1960
1965
1970
Muvofiqlik sertifikati?
Belgilangan maxsulot,jarayon yoki xizmatning ma‘lum standartga yoki boshqa normativ xujjatga
mos kelishini etarli darajada isbotlaydigan uchinchi tomonning faoliyati
Davlat miqyosida amal qiladigan sertifikatlashtirish o‘tkazish
Mahsulotlarning belgilangan talablarga muvofiqligini tasdiqlash.
Muayyan mahsulot aniq standartga yoki boshqa normativ hujjatga mos ekanligini ko‘rsatidi
Mustaqil Davlatlar Xamdo‘stliginiing davlatlararo standarti qanday nomlanadi?
GOST
O‘z,RST
MTX
KSTP
MEK - xalqaro elektrotexnik komissiya qachon tashkil topgan?
1906
1900
1916
1920
Natura ogirlik deb nimaga aytiladi ?
1l xajmdagi maxsulot og‘irligi
10 l xajmdagi maxsulot og‘irligi
1chelak xajmdagi maxsulot og‘irligi
20 l xajmdagi maxsulot og‘irligi
Necha yil o‘tgach xalqaro standartlar qayta ko‘rib chiqiladi?
5
3
Har yili
7
Mahsulotlarning sifat darajasini aniqlash qanday usullar yordamida amalga oshiriladi?
Defferentsial, kompleks va integral usul yordamida
Orgonoleptik
O‘lchash-hisoblash
Ro‘yxatga olish
Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish nima

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Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish nimaBog'liq portal.guldu.uz-O`quv-uslubiy majmuaTexnik jihatdan tartibga solish nima?
Maxsulotlar, ishlar va xizmatlar xavfsizligiga doir majburiy talablarni belgilash, qo‘llash va
bajarish
Xolat
Xavfsizligiga doir xujjat
Mavjud bo‘lgan tafovutlar
Milliy mahsulotning shtrixli kodlanishi uchun qaysi davlatning EAN kodi kerak?
O‘zbekiston
Chili
Bolgariya
Frantsiya
271
AQSh va Kanada mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun EAN bergan kodni toping?
00-09
22
25
654
Rossiya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
460-469
276
548
497
Qaysi yili O‘zstandart qoshidagi metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlashtirish
sohasidagi mutaxassislarni tayyorlash va malaka oshirish institutida shtrix-kodlash
masalalari bilan shug‘ullanuvchi markaz tashkil etildi?
1999
1998
1997
1995
Qachon "Iste‘molchilarning huquqlarini himoya qilish to‘g‘risida" gi qonunning 4-
moddasida ko‘rsatilgan iste‘molchining xarid qilinayotgan mahsulot haqida zarur va
ishonchli ma‘lumot olish huquqini amalga oshirishga yangi zamin yaratildi?
1996 yilning 26 aprelida
1997 yilning 03 aprelida
1999 yilning 16 aprelida
1995 yilning 25 mayida
Italiya milliy assotsiatsiyasi sifat to‘garaklarini tashkil qildi va bu mamlakatda 400 dan
ortiq korxonalarda sifat to‘garaklari mavjud edi, qaysi yili ularning soni 4 mingdan ortib
ketdi?
1986 yili
1988 yili
1985 yili
1984 yili
Xom ashyo tarmoq mahsulotlarini(yog‘ochni qayta ishlashdan boshqa) sertifikatlashtirish
―Uzstandart‖ agentligi tomonidan kancha muddatda amalga oshiriladi?
10 kungacha
9 kungacha
4 kungacha
5 kungacha
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TEST SAVOLLARI - “Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlash asoslari”

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“Metrologiya, standartlashtirish va sertifikatlash asoslari”Bog'liq portal.guldu.uz-O`quv-uslubiy majmua TEST SAVOLLARI
―Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida‖gi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni qachon
kuchga kirgan va u nechta bob va moddadan iborat?
2009 yilning 23 aprelida kuchga kirgan ―Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida‖gi
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni 4 bob, 28 moddani o‘z ichiga olgan
2009 yilning 27aprelida kuchga kirgan ―Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida‖gi
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni 5 bob, 25 moddani o‘z ichiga olgan
2009 yilning 25 aprelida kuchga kirgan ―Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida‖gi
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni 4 bob, 28 moddani o‘z ichiga olgan
2009 yilning 22 aprelida kuchga kirgan ―Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida‖gi
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni 8 bob, 25 moddani o‘z ichiga olgan
Amalda reglament nima?
Mahsulotning xavfsizligi va unga tegishli jarayonlar uchun zaruriy talablarni belgilaydigan
texnik yo‘nalishdagi meyoriy huquqiy xujjat sifatida shakllanishi
Mahsulot aylanishining erkinligi
Muhit muhofaza qilinishini, shuningdek tabiiy resurslardan oqilona foydalanish
Normativ xujjat
Savdodagi texnik to‘siqlar nima?
Mahsulotlar, ishlar va xizmatlar xavfsizligiga doir majburiy talablarning texnik jihatdan tartibga
solish sohasidagi normativ xujjatlarda mavjud bo‘lgan tafovutlari yoki o‘zgarishlari oqibatida
savdoda yuzaga keladigan to‘siqlar
Belgilovchi normativ hujjat
Texnik jihatdan tartib
Tartibga solish sohasi
Maxsus texnik reglament nima?
Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish sohasidagi, umumiy texnik reglamentda nazarda tutilmagan
mahsulotlar, ishlar va xizmatlar ayrim turining xavfsizligiga doir majburiy talablarni belgilovchi
normativ hujjat
Mavjud bo‘lgan tafovutlar
Xavfsizligiga doir majburiy talablar
Holat
Mahsulotlar, ishlar va xizmatlar xavfsizligi bu.......... ?
Mahsulotning uni ishlab chiqarish, ishlatish (undan foydalanish), saqlash, tashish, realizatsiya
qilish va utilizatsiya qilish jarayonlarining, bajariladigan ishlar, ko‘rsatiladigan xizmatlarning
holati bo‘lib, bunda insonning xayotiga, sog‘ligiga, atrof-muhitga, yuridik, jismoniy shaxslarning
va davlatning mol-mulkiga zarar etkazilishi ehtimoli bilan bog‘liq yo‘l qo‘yilmaydigan xavfdir
Tartibga solish tushunchasi
Xavfsizligiga doir
Holat
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O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi

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O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi
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bet | 31/113 | Sana | 29.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,99 Mb. | | #256811 | Turi | Referat |
Bog'liq Tarix” kafedrasi “manbashunoslik va tarixshunoslik”O`quv mashg`ulotining texnologik xaritasi
Ishlash bosqichlari, vaqti
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Faoliyat mazmuni
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O`qituvchining
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Talabaning
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1 bosqich
1.1 O`quv xujjatlarini to`ldirish va talabalar davomatini tekshirish (5 min).
1.2 O`quv mashgulotiga kirish (10min)
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1.1 Mavzuning rejasi yozdiriladi va talabalar bilan birgalikda O’rta Osiyo IX-XV asrlarga oid forsiy yozma manbalardagi tushunchalarni izohlovchi klaster tuziladi va ma’ruza boshlanadi.
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Tinglashadi, aniqlashtirishadi, savollar beradilar. Mavzuga oid dastlabki tushunchalarini aytadilar, maruza rejasini yozib oladilar.
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2 bosqich
Asosiy 50 min
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2.1. Narshaxiyning “Buxoro tarixi” asari haqida ma’lumotlar beriladi.O`quv mashg’ulotiga kirish davomida dastlab talabalarga asarning tarixiy ahamiyati haqida, tarixni o’rganishdagi o’rni va roli haqida qisqacha ma’lumot beriladi, auditoriyani jonlantirish uchun qisqa savollar bilan murojaat etiladi (Bu asar qachon va qayerda yozilgan? Qaysi yillarda qayta nashr etilgan? Qaysi tillarda yozilgan nusxalarini bilasiz? va h.k.) javob olinganidan so`ng ma’ruza boshlanadi.
2.2. Nizomulmulkning “Siyosatnoma” asari haqida ma’lumotlar berib o’tiladi. Ma’ruzada bu asardan O’zbekiston tarixiga oid muhim va qimmatli ma’lumotlar olinishi ta’kidlanadi.
2.3. Gardiziyning “Zayn ul axbor” asari ham manbashunoslikda alohida ahamiyatga egalgi, asarning tarixiy ahamiyati, ayniqsa, Xuroson va Movarounnahrning arablar istilosidan to XI asrning o’rtalarigacha bo’lgan siyosiy tarixini o’rganishda muhim o’rin tutishi talabalarga tushuntiriladi.
2.4. Juvayniyning “Tarixi jahonkushoy” asari ham O’rta Osiyoning IX-XV asrlar tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalari ichida alohida o’rin tutishi tarixiy faktlar bilan izohlanadi.
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Konspekt yozishadi, tinglashadi. Mavzu bo`yicha savollar beradilar.
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3 bosqich. Yakuniy natijalar 15 min.
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3.1 Mavzu bo`yicha xulosa qilish yakuniy fikr bildirish.
3.2 Talabalarga “Nima uchun?” diagrammasini to`ldirish taklif etiladi va o`quv mashg`ulotning maqsadiga erishish darajasi taxlil qilinadi
3.3 Mavu yuzasidan o`quv vazifasi beriladi. Amaliy mashg’ulotga tayyorlanish
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O`rganilgan mavzu bo`yicha olgan ma’lumotlarga tayangan holda “Nima uchun?” diagrammasini to`ldiradilar. O’rta Osiyoning IX-XV asrlar tarixiga oid forsiy yozma manbalarni o`rganish va ularning tarixiy ahamiyati va qimmati haqida fikrlar bildiradilar, olgan ma’lumotlarini yana bir bor ahamiyatini anglashga intiladilar.
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Mahsulotlarning sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini qiymatini qanday usullar yordamida aniqlash

Mahsulotlarning sifat ko‘rsatkichlarini qiymatini qanday usullar yordamida aniqlash
mumkin?
Sotsiologik-qayd qilish usuli
O‘lchash-hisoblash
Eksport-sensor usuli
Yukoridagi barcha usullar yordamida
O‘zbekiston mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
275
478
400
460
888
Singapur mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
888
478
460
800
Yaponiya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
45-49
90-91
789
880
Turkiya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
869
90-91
789
440
Germaniya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
400-440
460-469
57
860
Avstraliya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
93
529
276
57
383
Xitoy mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
690
460
73
76
Frantsiya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
30-37
00-09
859
560
Janubiy Koreya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
880
478
94
84
Braziliya mahsulotini shtrixli kodlanishi uchun davlatning EAN kodini toping?
789
460-469
339
860
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