nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
git clone https://www.github.com/balle/bluediving.git

git clone https://www.github.com/balle/bluediving.git
Cloning into 'bluediving'...
remote: Counting objects: 131, Done.
remote: Total 131 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 131
Receiving objects: 100% (131/131), 900.81 KiB | 646.00 KiB/s, Done.
Adding and Removing Software
47
Resolving deltas: 100% (9/9), Done.
Checking connectivity... Done.
Listing 4-7: Cloning bluediving with
git clone
The
git clone
command copies all the data and files from that location
onto your system. You can check to see that they’ve been successfully down-
loaded by using the long listing command
ls –l
on the target directory,
like so:
kali >
ls -l
If you’ve successfully cloned bluediving to your system, you should see
something like the following output:
total 80
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jan 10 22:19 bluediving
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 11:17 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 11:17 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 11:17 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 11:17 Music
--
snip
--
As you can see, bluediving has been successfully cloned to the system,
and a new directory named bluediving has been created for its files.
Summary
In this chapter, you learned a few of the many ways to download and install
new software on your Linux system. Software package managers (like apt),
GUI-based installers, and git clones are the most common and crucial
methods for an aspiring hacker to know. You’ll soon find yourself becom-
ing familiar with each of them.
E XERCISES
Before you move on to Chapter 5, try out the skills you learned from this chapter
by completing the following exercises:
1. Install a new software package from the Kali repository.
2. Remove that same software package.
3. Update your repository.
4. Upgrade your software packages.
5. Select a new piece of software from github and clone it to your system.
|
chmod 774 hashcat.hcstat - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

chmod 774 hashcat.hcstat Looking at Table 5-1, we can see that this statement gives the owner all
permissions, the group all permissions, and everyone else (other) only the
read permission.
Now we can see whether those permissions have changed by running
ls -l on the directory and looking at the hashcat.hcstat line. Navigate to the
directory and run that command now:
kali >
ls -l total 32952
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 5 10:47 charsets
u
-rwxrwxr-- 1 root root 33685504 June 28 2018 hashcat.hcstat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33685504 June 28 2018 hashcat.hctune
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 10:47 masks
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 10:47 OpenCL
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 5 10:47 rules
You should see
-rwxrwxr--
on the left side of the hashcat.hcstat line
u
.
This confirms that the
chmod
call successfully changed permissions on the
file to give both the owner and the group the ability to execute the file.
Changing Permissions with UGO Although the numeric method is probably the most common method for
changing permissions in Linux, some people find
chmod
’s symbolic method
more intuitive—both methods work equally well, so just find the one that
suits you. The symbolic method is often referred to as the UGO syntax,
which stands for user (or owner), group, and others.
UGO syntax is very simple. Enter the
chmod
command and then the users
you want to change permissions for, providing
u
for user,
g
for group, or
o
for
others, followed by one of three operators:
- Removes a permission
+ Adds a permission
= Sets a permission
After the operator, include the permission you want to add or remove
(
rwx
) and, finally, the name of the file to apply it to.
Controlling File and Directory Permissions
55 So, if you want to remove the write permission from the user that the
file hashcat.hcstat belongs to, you could enter the following:
kali >
apt-cache search snort - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Adding and Removing Software
41
Let’s try this out by installing Snort on your system. Enter
apt-get
install snort
as a command statement, as shown in Listing 4-2.
kali >
apt-get install snort
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
snort-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
snort
--
snip
--
Install these packages without verification [Y/n]?
Listing 4-2: Installing Snort with
apt-get install
The output you see tells you what is being installed. If everything looks
correct, go ahead and enter
y
when prompted, and your software installa-
tion will proceed.
Removing Software - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

42
Chapter 4
--
snip
--
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Listing 4-4: Removing Snort and the accompanying configuration files with
apt-get purge
Simply enter
Y
at the prompt to continue the purge of the software
package and the configuration files.
You may have noticed the line
The following packages were automatically
installed and are no longer required
in the output. To keep things small and
modular, many Linux packages are broken into software units that many
different programs might use. When you installed Snort, you installed sev-
eral dependencies or libraries with it that Snort requires in order to run.
Now that you’re removing Snort, those other libraries or dependencies are
no longer required, so they can be removed by running
apt autoremove
.
kali > apt autoremove snort
Reading Package lists...Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information ...done
--
snip
--
Removing snort-common-libaries (2.9.7.0-5)...
Removing libdaq2 (2.04-3+b1) …
Removing oikmaster (2.0-4)
--
snip
--
main
Contains supported open source software
universe

Adding and Removing Software
45
sources, you can then install Oracle Java 8 with the
apt-get install oracle
-java8-installer
command. At the time of writing, you would need to add
the following repository locations to
sources.list in order to add the necessary
repositories:
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu precise main
Using a GUI-based Installer
Newer versions of Kali no longer include a GUI-based software installation
tool, but you can always install one with the
apt-get
command. The two
most common GUI-based installation tools are Synaptic and Gdebi. Let’s
install Synaptic and use it to install our Snort package:
kali >
Updating Packages - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Adding and Removing Software
43
lists... Done
, as you can see in Listing 4-5. Note that the name of the reposi-
tory and the values—time, size, and so on—might be different on your
system.
Upgrading Packages
To upgrade the existing packages on your system, use
apt-get upgrade
.
Because upgrading your packages may make changes to your software, you
must be logged in as root before entering
apt-get upgrade
. This command
will upgrade every package on your system that apt knows about, meaning
only those stored in the repository (see Listing 4-6). Upgrading can be
time-consuming, so you might not be able to use your system for a while.
kali >
apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and no longer required:
--
snip
--
The following packages will be upgraded:
--
snip
--
1101 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 318 not upgraded.
Need to get 827 MB of archives.
After this operation, 408 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Listing 4-6: Upgrading all out-of-date packages with
apt-get upgrade
You should see in the output that your system estimates the amount of
hard drive space necessary for the software package. Go ahead and enter
Y
if you want to continue and have enough hard drive space for the upgrade.
choosIng An APPRoPRIAte PRojectIon

Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010
choosIng An APPRoPRIAte PRojectIon Although an unlimited number of arrangements of the earth’s graticule is possible,
only comparatively few are in common use. The cartographer should be aware of the
advantages and limits of at least the most widely used of these.
Although map projections are now created by computer rather than by manual
means, this does not relieve the mapmaker of the task of choosing an appropriate
1
Another way of creating an interrupted projection is by joining a series of azimuthal projection seg-
ments, as in the star-shaped projection.
The earth’s graticule and Projections 123
projection from those available. Even if the computer program provides a list of suit-
able projections for a given task, the cartographer must be able to make an intelligent
choice among them. While two or more projections may be suitable, probably not all
will illustrate or communicate the given situation equally well. A well-chosen projec-
tion can enhance the communicative value of the map; a poorly chosen projection
may even mislead the map reader.
To make the best choice, it is necessary to consider the purpose of the map, the
subject of the map, the size and shape of the subject area, the location of the subject
area, the audience, and the size and shape of the page. Other considerations are the
appearance of the graticule, the general attractiveness of the projection, and the avail-
ability of the projection within the chosen software program.
fIgURe 6.36. Goode’s homolosine projection is a combination of the sinusoidal and Moll-
weide (homolographic) projections. It is almost always in interrupted form.
fIgURe 6.37. An interrupted projection can be condensed to gain scale.
conic Projections - Tyner indb

The earth’s graticule and Projections 119
albers’s Conic equal area
The conic equal-area projection (Figure 6.32) is also much used for the United States,
having standard parallels at 29° 30’ and 45° 30’. Despite being an equivalent projec-
tion, shapes are represented well, and for the United States the maximum linear error
is only 1.25%.
Other Forms of the Conic
It is possible to place the cone on a small circle that is not a parallel. If a cone is placed
so that its axis does not coincide with that of the globe, oblique and transverse aspect
conic projections are formed.
An interesting variation of conic projections is the
polyconic. It might be rea-
soned that, if a single cone produces one zone of best representation, and a secant
cone two zones, it might be possible to create more zones by a series of standard par-
allels. If one visualizes a series of cones of differing sizes, each touching a different
parallel, then one could “peel off” these different standard parallels and place them
together along a central meridian (Figure 6.33). To eliminate the gaps between the
different parallels, it is necessary to introduce some stretching, but along the central
meridian where the strips touch there is a north–south zone of good representation.
When extended over the entire earth, this projection is very distorted, as can be seen
in Figure 6.32, but for narrow areas of great north–south extent it is very accurate.
The polyconic was the projection used for USGS topographic maps until recently.
design considerations - Tyner indb

Continuity and Change in the Computer era 205
necessarily mean that a map is more effective.
As with all map forms, looking at
many examples helps the cartographer develop an “eye” for good maps.
Unfortunately, a book is limited to static maps; animated maps cannot be shown.
A few websites are listed in Appendix B. Entering “animated maps” or “cartographic
animation” in a web browser will result in hundreds of examples that can be viewed
and evaluated.
soUnd mAPs
Sound is usually combined with sight, touch, or both in specialized maps. Sound has
the potential for being a valuable addition to maps for the visually impaired, but it
can also be useful on maps for sighted readers. Sound can be used in a variety of ways
on electronic maps. It can be used as (1) narrative—to identify features and describe
them, common for animated maps and automobile GPS units; (2) as a memetic (real-
istic) symbol on a map, such as a car horn, bomb blast, or dog barking, analogous to
pictorial symbols in vision; (3) as a redundant variable, such as a spoken name plus a
written label; (4) instead of visual patterns; (5) as an alarm; (6) for adding nonvisual
data dimensions; and (7) to reduce visual distraction or clutter by replacing labels, or
by representing location.
Like visual symbols, sound can be realistic or abstract. Voice narration is the
most obvious and probably most common sound used on maps. Other sounds rep-
resent
real-world sounds, such as horns,
doors closing, and the like.
Abstract sounds
can be cues or can represent data. John Krygier (1994) has proposed a basic set of
elements of sound and has created a table of “sound variables” analogous to visual
variables (Table 11.1). These variables are location, loudness, pitch, register, timbre,
duration, rate of change, order, and attack/decay. Just as visual variables are used for
qualitative (nominal) and quantitative (ordinal, interval) data, sound variables can
represent data.
fIgURe 6.24 - Tyner indb

The earth’s graticule and Projections 115
In navigation, the gnomonic projection is used with the Mercator projection
to plot courses. Since the compass heading changes constantly along a great circle
course, too many corrections are required to fly or sail a true great circle course.
On a Mercator the compass heading does not change along a straight line, but this
line normally deviates significantly from a great circle route. It is possible, however,
Plane (Azimuthal) Projections

The earth’s graticule and Projections 113
graphic, the stereographic, the gnomonic, the azimuthal equal-area, and the azi-
muthal equidistant projections. The appearance of these projections varies only in
the spacing of parallels (in the polar case). All can be constructed by geometric pro-
jection.
Orthographic Projection
If a light source is assumed to be at infinity, the light rays appear to be parallel. An
azimuthal projection produced in this way is called an orthographic projection. We
know that Ptolemy used this projection, which he called the “analemma,” for rep-
resenting the heavens, and may have developed it. The orthographic was also a fre-
quently used projection for early maps of the moon because when the moon is viewed
from the earth, it appears to be on the orthographic projection (Figure 6.24).
Figure 6.25 shows that an orthographic projection cannot present more than one
hemisphere at a time. When centered on the pole, it has parallels that become closer
together as the equator is approached. Other than azimuths being correct from the
center and great circles passing through the center being straight lines, both of which
are true for all azimuthal projections, the orthographic has no outstanding properties
save appearance. The orthographic closely resembles the view we have when look-
ing at a globe, and therefore it is often used when one simply wants to create a good
visual appearance.
fIgURe 6.26 - Tyner indb

Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010
fIgURe 6.26. The stereographic projection in oblique case. The stereographic is a conformal
azimuthal projection.
fIgURe 6.27. The gnomonic projection in polar case. The gnomonic has distortion that
increases away from the center, but all great circles are represented as straight lines.
116 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
to chart a great circle route by plotting it onto a Mercator Projection and following
short rhumb-line segments as shown in Figure 6.28. The gnomonic projection is used
to find the true great circle and the Mercator to plot the short legs.
Not all azimuthal projections can be visualized as created by projecting a trans-
parent globe by means of a light source. Two important azimuthals are mathematical
projections: the azimuthal equal area and the azimuthal equidistant.
azimuthal equal-area Projection
Since east–west stretching is produced by the failure of meridians to converge pole-
ward on the plane projections, compressing must be introduced to get equivalence.
On Lambert’s azimuthal equal-area projection (Figure 6.29), this is done by placing
the parallels closer together the farther away they are from the center. Almost the
entire earth can be shown on this projection. Although the azimuthal equal-area pro-
jection cannot be projected with a light source and transparent globe, it is possible to
construct it graphically.
On this projection, azimuths are shown correctly in common with others of the
azimuthal family, but areas can also be compared.
azimuthal equidistant Projection
Another commonly used projection is the azimuthal equidistant, which has parallels
truly spaced along the meridians (Figure 6.30). This projection is most commonly
centered on a place other than the poles to enable one to determine distances from
the center to any other place in the world and to determine the starting azimuths from
those places. Distances between any other places will not be correct; distance can
only be measured from the center point.
fIgURe 6.28. Great circle routes plotted on the Gnomonic can be approximated with short
rhumb lines on the Mercator.
The earth’s graticule and Projections 117
fIgURe 6.29. Lambert’s azimuthal equal-area projection in oblique case. The azimuthal
equal-area shows sizes of places correctly although shapes are increasingly distorted away
from the center.
fIgURe 6.30. Azimuthal equidistant projection, polar case. Distances from the center and
only the center can be measured accurately. The projection can be centered on any point on
the earth. It is frequently used to show airline distances.
BS Study of efficiency of upconversion luminescence of NaYF

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12BS Study of efficiency of upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles obtained by different synthesis methods E.A. Sagaidachnaya, Saratov National Research State University, Russia J.G. Konyukhova, Saratov National Research State University, Russia N.I. Kazadaeva, Saratov National Research State University, Russia A.A. Doronkina, Saratov National Research State University, Russia I.Yu. Yanina, Saratov National Research State University and National Research Tomsk State University, Russia A.A. Skaptsov, Saratov National Research State University, Russia A.B. Pravdin, Saratov National Research State University, Russia V.I. Kochubey, Saratov National Research State University and National Research Tomsk State University, Russia
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hAPtIc mAPs - Tyner indb

206
nOnTRaDiTiOnaL MaPPing
fIgURe 11.2.
Part of a braille map of a college campus. Courtesy of disabled students, Cali-
fornia
State University, Long Beach.
fIgURe 11.3.
Braille map of Southeast Asia. Courtesy of disabled students, California State
University, Long Beach.
Continuity and Change in the Computer era 207
include pressure, spatial acuity, and position. Others that provide sensory informa-
tion are heat and cold, and pain, but these have not yet been used in haptic maps. It
is unlikely that pain would be used as a mapping variable, but certainly, if hardware
is developed to support it, temperature could be a valuable addition, especially for
weather and climate maps (Table 11.1).
In making maps for the visually impaired, the mapmaker must pay particular
attention to audience needs and abilities. Not all visually
impaired users have the
same degree of blindness, and there are differences based on whether the user is blind
from birth or became blind through accident or disease at a later age (adventitiously).
Adventitiously blind users have memory of sight and this can be an important factor.
Additionally, those who are blind through diabetic retinopathy, an eye complication
of diabetes, often have a reduced sense of touch in their fingers, making braille read-
ing difficult or impossible. Haptics and sound are an option in this case.
Setting Execute Permissions - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

84
Chapter 8
Now when we do a long listing on the file, like so, we can see that we
have execute permissions:
kali >
ls -l
--
snip
--
-rwx r-x r-x 1 root root 42 Oct 22 14:32 HelloHackersArise
--
snip
--
The file will also be in green, another indicator of its execute permis-
sions. The script is now ready to run!
Running HelloHackersArise
To run our simple script, enter the following:
kali >
./HelloHackersArise
The
./
before the filename tells the system that we want to execute
this script in the file
HelloHackersArise from the current directory. It also
tells the system that if there is another file in another directory named
HelloHackersArise, please ignore it and only run
HelloHackersArise in the cur-
rent directory. It may seem unlikely that there’s another file with this name
on your system, but it’s good practice to use the
./
when executing files, as
this localizes the file execution to the current directory and many directo-
ries will have duplicate filenames, such as
start and
setup.
When we press
enter
, our very simple script returns our message to the
monitor:
Hello, Hackers-Arise!
Success! You just completed your first shell script!
fIgURe 6.40 - Tyner indb

132 sYMBOLizaTiOn
overall, a user can read a Swiss, a German, an English, or an American topographic
map with little difficulty. There are standard symbol sets for certain other series of
maps; for example, there has been some recent work on standardizing symbols for
emergency response maps that could be understood by readers of any background.
Maps are a complex form of symbolic communication. Some study and effort are
needed by the map reader to become fluent in the graphic language. Understanding
international traffic signs, which are essentially pictographs, requires only a single
level of perception. One need only recognize the symbol to know its meaning—Stop!,
fIgURe 6.34 - Tyner indb

122 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
good representation (Figure 6.36). The projection remains equal area. It is rarely seen
except in the interrupted form (see below).
Robinson Projection
Arthur H. Robinson in 1963 devised his projection in an effort to create a world pro-
jection that had a pleasing appearance with few obvious distortions (see Figure 6.14).
This projection is a
pseudocylindrical and a compromise in that it is neither equal
area nor conformal. It has become quite popular.
Interrupted Projections
With projections of the type of the Mollweide and the sinusoidal, it is possible to
interrupt the graticule and thereby create a series of zones of best representation.
To illustrate this idea, the Goode’s homolosine is used as an example (Figure 6.36).
Although this example uses manual construction for explanatory purposes, in prac-
tice the projection would be created on a computer.
A line is constructed to represent the equator and marked in the desired number
of degrees for the meridians. A central meridian is chosen for each continent and
drawn to its proper length. Points are chosen for each interruption. Now the sinusoi-
dal graticule is constructed around each central meridian to the marked interrup-
tions. Each continent has been placed within the zone of best representation for the
projection. Note that nothing has been removed at the points of interruption, that
certain meridians have been repeated, and that the entire projection is made up of a
series of portions of the sinusoidal. This process can be carried out with any projec-
tion that has this essentially oval outline. Interruptions may be placed on either land
or ocean depending on the area of interest, and any meridian may be chosen as the
central meridian.
1
Interrupted projections can also be
condensed. Condensed projections are inter-
rupted projections that have had an area of little interest removed to allow a larger
scale map to be placed on a page (Figure 6.37). When the focus is on land areas,
a portion of the Atlantic Ocean is frequently removed. When projections are con-
densed, there should be some indication on the map that this has been done; other-
wise a misleading map is created.
Network structure of children's brain during cognitive load

Network structure of children's brain during cognitive load
Alexander E. Hramov, V. Grubov, N. Frolov, E. Pitsik, V. Makarov, Innopolis University, Russia
14.50-15.10
Scaling features of intermittent dynamics characterized from data sets
Alexey N. Pavlov1,2, O.N. Pavlova1, 1Saratov State University; 2Saratov State Technical University, Russia
15.10-15.30
Features of phase synchronization of cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations in human
Arina V. Tankanag, A.A. Grinevich, I.V. Tikhonova, N.K. Chemeris, Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Russia
15.30-15.50
Mathematical modeling of low-frequency oscillations induced by modulated noise in human microvasculature
Andrey Grinevich, A. Tankanag, N. Chemeris, Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Russia
15.50-16.10
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Maintaining attention state of children during cognitive load

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Maintaining attention state of children during cognitive load
Vadim Grubov1, V. Maksimenko1, S. Kurkin, M. Khramova2, A.E. Hramov1, 1Innopolis University; 2Saratov State University, Russia
16.10-16.30
Studying of calcium signaling of single platelets using photolabile substances: computer processing methods
Daria V. Spireva, A.E. Moskalensky, A.Yu. Vorob'ev, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
September 26, Thursday
JOINT POSTER/INTERNET SESSION AND INTERNET DISCUSSION
(Building 3, 1-3rd floor Hall)
Chair (BC): Dmitry E. Postnov, Saratov State University, Russia
17.00-19.00
Inference of functional dependence in coupled chaotic systems using feed-forward neural network Nikita S. Frolov, A.E. Hramov, Innopolis University, Russia
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mUltImedIA mAPs - Tyner indb

208
nOnTRaDiTiOnaL MaPPing
Static maps may be existing maps that have been scanned for display on the Web. The
site for the David Rumsey map collection,
www.davidrumsey.com, is an example
of this type of Web mapping (Figure 11.4). The maps are historic maps and the only
“interaction” possible is panning and zooming. The maps are not “clickable,” that is,
one cannot click the mouse on a map and get a link to more information. Metadata
for the maps is available through the database. The colors of the maps are their origi-
nal colors, which may or may not translate well to Web viewing.
Other static maps are designed specifically for Web viewing that have panning
and zooming as the only interactive options. The design
concerns for these maps
include the usual elements of title, legend, scale, and the like of traditional maps, plus
the locations of pan and zoom bars and choice of color and background.
Interactive static maps are “clickable”; rolling the mouse over an area and/or
clicking the mouse button provides additional information by bringing up a differ-
ent layer of information. For example, rolling the mouse over buildings shown on a
campus map or city map might show the name of the building or a voice might speak
the name. Clicking on different areas of a choropleth map might give the data value
for the enumeration area.
Dynamic Web maps also include animation and
multimedia and are gener-
ally interactive. Dynamic maps are all computer-created, but some are specifically
designed for the Web, whereas others may have been designed originally to be dis-
seminated on CD or DVD.
Conference on - Table of contents Organizers

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Table of contents Organizers
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Conference on
Computation Biophysics and Analysis of
Biomedical Data VI
Workshop Chair:Dmitry E. Postnov, Saratov State University (Russia)
Secretary:Elena S. Litvinenko, Saratov State University (Russia)
International Program Committee: Alexaner B. Neiman, Ohio University, USA, Olga V. Sosnovtseva, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Oxana V. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Saratov State University, Russia, Anatoly V. Skripal, Saratov State University, Russia, Boris P. Bezruchko, Saratov State University, Russia
September 25, Wednesday
ORAL SESSION I
(Building 3, Hall 64)
Chair:Dmitry E. Postnov, Saratov State University, Russia
14.00-14.10
Opening remarks
Dmitry E. Postnov,Saratov State University, Russia
14:10-14:30
Modeling of neurovascular coupling: stimulus-induced changes of intracellular and extracellular volumes
Robert Loshkarev1, D.E. Postnov2, 1Atlas Biomed Group Limited; 2Saratov State University, Russia
14.30-14.50
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The new role of diamond in technology - fiber-optic sensors with diamond layers

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The new role of diamond in technology - fiber-optic sensors with diamond layers
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The new role of diamond in technology - fiber-optic sensors with diamond layers, Małgorzata Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
Analysis of skin intrinsic fluorophore contributions during optical clearing: source separation technique applied to spatially resolved multiply excited autofluorescence spectra, Walter Blondel1, Prisca Rakotomanga1, Marine Amouroux1, Grégoire Khairallah1, Sergey Zaytsev1,2, Charles Soussen3, Elina Genina2, Valery Tuchin2, 1Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN UMR 7039, France; 2Saratov State University, Tomsk State University; 3CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, L2S UMR8506, France; 4Institute of Precision and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
Autofluorescence-based redox status as a differential diagnostic parameter of skin carcinomas, Marine Amouroux, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
Optical-spectroscopic properties of carbon nanostructures used for bioapplications, Elena Perevedentseva1, Artashes Karmenyan1, Yu-Chung Lin1,3, Chia-Liang Cheng1, 1National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan; 2P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Rus. Acad. Sci., Russia; 3Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Spectroscopic analysis of fluorescent proteins infiltrated into photonic crystals

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Spectroscopic analysis of fluorescent proteins infiltrated into photonic crystals
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bet | 79/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Spectroscopic analysis of fluorescent proteins infiltrated into photonic crystals, N. Zhdanova1, A. Pakhomov2, N.N. Priorov3, Yu. Strokova1, S. Svyakhovskiy1, A. Saletskii1, 1Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, General Physics Division; 2Russian Academy of Sciences, Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry S. Rodionov; 3Central Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Russia
Luminescence monitoring of biotissues optical clearing according to the different section of specimen, Marina D. Kozintseva1, Julia G. Konyukhova1, Еlena K. Volkova1, Vyacheslav I. Kochubey1,2, 1Saratov State University, Saratov; 2Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Сoatings based on metal nanoparticles (Ag, Zn) in a silicon dioxide matrix as photodynamic agents for antimicrobial exposure, Elena S. Tuchina1, German A. Gvozdev2, Igor D. Kosobudsky2, 1Saratov State University; 2Saratov State Technical University, Russia
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Your First Script: “Hello, Hackers-Arise!”

Bash Scripting
83
Next, enter the
echo
command, which tells the system to simply repeat
(or
echo) back to your monitor whatever follows the command.
In this case, we want the system to echo back to us
"Hello, Hackers-Arise!"
,
as done in Listing 8-1. Note that the text or message we want to echo back
must be in double quotation marks.
#! /bin/bash
# This is my first bash script. Wish me luck.
echo "Hello, Hackers-Arise!"
Listing 8-1: Your “Hello, Hackers-Arise!” script
Here, you also see a line that’s preceded by a hash mark (
#
). This is a
comment, which is a note you leave to yourself or anyone else reading the
code to explain what you’re doing in the script. Programmers use com-
ments in every coding language. These comments are not read or executed
by the interpreter, so you don’t need to worry about messing up your code.
They are visible only to humans. The bash shell knows a line is a comment
if it starts with the
#
character.
Now, save this file as
HelloHackersArise with no extension and exit your
text editor.
The prognosis of the efficiency of antitumor plasmonic photothermal therapy

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The prognosis of the efficiency of antitumor plasmonic photothermal therapy
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bet | 77/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
The prognosis of the efficiency of antitumor plasmonic photothermal therapy, Alla Bucharskaya1, Gаlina Maslyakova1, Marina Chekhonatskaya1, Georgy Terentyuk1,2, Nikita Navolokin1, Boris Khlebtsov3, Nikolai Khlebtsov3, Alexey Bashkatov2, Elina Genina2, Valery Tuchin2, 1Saratov State Medical University, Russia; 2Research National Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; 3Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, Russia
Monte Carlo modeling in planning and monitoring of photodynamic therapy, D. Kurakina, A. Khilov, V. Plekhanov, E. Sergeeva, I. Turchin, M. Kirillin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia
Photodynamic treatment of cholangiocarcinoma with Zn-phthalocyanine and Galactose-Lu-phthalocyanine in laboratory animals Alla Bucharskaya1, Nikita Navolokin1, Vadim Genin2,3, Elina Genina2,3, Alexey Bashkatov2,3, Ekaterina Borisova4, Vania Mantareva5, Ivan Angelov5, 1Saratov State Medical University, Russia; 2Saratov State University, 3Tomsk State University, Russia; 4Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria; 5Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
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E XERCISES - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

8
B A S H S C R I P T I N G
Any self-respecting
hacker must be able
to write scripts. For that matter, any self-
respecting Linux administrator must be
able to script. Hackers often need to automate
commands,
sometimes from multiple tools, and this
is most efficiently done through short programs they
write themselves.
In this chapter, we build a few simple bash shell
scripts to start you off
with scripting. We’ll add capabilities and features as we progress, eventually
building a script capable of finding potential attack targets over a range of
IP addresses.
To become an
elite hacker, you also need the
ability to script in one of
the widely used scripting languages, such as Ruby (Metasploit exploits are
written in Ruby), Python (many hacking tools are Python scripts), or Perl
(Perl is the best text-manipulation scripting language).
I give a brief intro-
duction to Python scripting in Chapter 17.
September 26, Thursday - Table of contents Organizers

September 26, Thursday
ORAL SESSION
(Building 8, Room 82)
Chair: Olga E. Glukhova,
Saratov State University
Russia
14.30-14.50
GaAs solar cell with carbon nanotubes top contact D. Mitin, A. Bolshakov, A. Mozharov, S. Raudik, V. Fedorov, V. Neplokh, I. Mukhin, Saint Petersburg Academic University, Russia, P. Rajanna, A. Nasibulin, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia
14.50-15.05
Dynamic conductivity and photocurrent of films from X - shaped structures from carbon nanotubes of different chirality K.R. Asanov, O.E. Glukhova, Saratov State University, Russia
15.05-15.20
Current-voltage characteristics of composite graphene-nanotube films with irregular arrangement of nanotubes P.V. Barkov, O.E. Glukhova, M.M. Slepchenkov, Saratov State University, Russia
15.20-15.35
Theoretical study of X- and T-shaped seamless SWCNT junctions contact resistance G. Savostyanov, D. Shmygin, Saratov State University, Russia
15.35-15.50
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Numerical simulation of optical coherence tomography interference signal occurring in the intravascular space under a layer of soft biological tissue

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Numerical simulation of optical coherence tomography interference signal occurring in the intravascular space under a layer of soft biological tissue
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Numerical simulation of optical coherence tomography interference signal occurring in the intravascular space under a layer of soft biological tissue, A.Yu. Potlov, S.V. Frolov, and S.G. Proskurin, Tambov State Technical University, Russia
High-precision evaluation of stress-related properties of blood vessel walls using intravascular optical coherence elastography with forward-view probe, A.Yu. Potlov, S.V. Frolov, T.A. Frolova and S.G. Proskurin, Tambov State Technical University, Russia
Phantoms of optical and stress-related properties of cerebral arteries with aneurysms for intravascular optical coherence tomography, A.Yu. Potlov, S.V. Frolov, T.A. Frolova and S.G. Proskurin, Tambov State Technical University, Russia
Tissue-mimicking phantoms of human retina with consideration to blood circulation for Doppler optical coherence tomography, A.Yu. Potlov, S.V. Frolov, S.G. Proskurin, Tambov State Technical University, Russia
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Numerical simulation of optical coherence tomography interference signal occurring in the intravascular space under a layer of soft biological tissue
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Holographic interferometry monitoring in PDT and dentistry

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Holographic interferometry monitoring in PDT and dentistry
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Holographic interferometry monitoring in PDT and dentistry, Alexandre Douplik, Ryerson University, iBEST, St. Michael Hospital, Canada
Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy of colon benign and malignant lesions – comparative study, E. Borisova1, T. Genova1, D. Bratashov2, M. Lomova2, O. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya2, B. Vladimirov3, 1Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; 3Ch. Valkov University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna – ISUL”, Sofia, Bulgaria
Investigation of skin optical clearing using two-photon microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, Anton Yu. Sdobnov1,2, Maxim E. Darvin3, Johannes Schleusener3, Jürgen Lademann3, Valery V. Tuchin2, 1University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; 2Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; 3Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Special Permissions - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Special Permissions In addition to the three general-purpose permissions,
rwx
, Linux has three
special permissions that are slightly more complicated. These special per-
missions are set user ID (or
SUID
), set group ID (or
SGID
), and sticky bit. I’ll
discuss each in turn in the next three sections.
Granting Temporary Root Permissions with SUID As you should know by now, a user can execute a file only if they have per-
mission to execute that particular file. If the user only has read and/or
write permissions, they cannot execute. This may seem straightforward,
but there are exceptions to this rule.
You may have encountered a case in which a file requires the permis-
sions of the root user during execution for all users, even those who are not
root. For example, a file that allows users to change their password would
need access to the /etc/shadow file—the file that holds the users’ passwords
in Linux—which requires root user privileges in order to execute. In such a
case, you can temporarily grant the owner’s privileges to execute the file by
setting the
SUID
bit on the program.
Basically, the
SUID
bit says that any user can execute the file with the per-
missions of the owner but those permissions don’t extend beyond the use of
that file.
58 Chapter 5
To set the
SUID
bit, enter a
4
before the regular permissions, so a file
with a new resulting permission of
644
is represented as
4644
when the
SUID
bit is set.
Setting the
SUID
on a file is not something a typical user would do, but if
you want to do so, you’ll use the
chmod
command, as in
chmod 4644 filename .
INVITED INTERNET LECTURES

INVITED INTERNET LECTURES
In vivo multiphoton microscopy and multiphoton photothermolysis therapy, Haishan Zeng, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
New multimodal and biocompatible contrast agents for single cell diagnosis and therapy in vivo, Ekaterina I. Galanzha, University of Arkansas Medical Science, USA
Optics based assessment of brain stiffness, Teemu Myllylä, University of Oulu, Finland
From millimeters to nanometers – reducing the scale in microscopy, Herbert Schneckenburger, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
Modified normalization method in confocal Raman microscopic analysis of the stratum corneum in vivo, Maxim E. Darvin1, Chunsik Choe1,2, Sehyok Choe2, Johannes Schleusener1, Jürgen Lademann1, 1Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany, 2Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
Interaction of red blood cells incubated with engineered nanoparticles assessed by optical tweezers and SEM imaging, Alexey P. Popov, University of Oulu, Finland
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Granting the Root User’s Group Permissions SGID

Controlling File and Directory Permissions
59
In this case, we want to find files anywhere on the filesystem, for the
root user or other sysadmin,
with the permissions
4000
. To do this, we can
use the following
find
command:
kali >
find / -user root -perm -4000
With this command, we ask Kali to start looking at the top of the file-
system with the
/
syntax. It then looks everywhere below
/ for files that are
owned by root, specified with
user root
, and that have the
SUID
permission
bit set (
-perm -4000
).
When
we run this command, we get the output shown in Listing 5-2.
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/pkexec
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/kismet_capture
--
snip--
Listing 5-2: Finding files with the SUID bit set
The output reveals numerous files that have the
SUID
bit set. Let’s navi-
gate to the
/usr/bin directory, where many of these files reside, and then run
a long listing on that directory and scroll down to the
sudo file, as shown in
Listing 5-3.
kali >
cd /usr/bin
kali >
ls -l
--
snip--
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 176272 Jul 18 2018 stunnel4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 26696 Mar 17 2018 sucrack
u
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 140944 Jul 5 2018 sudo
--
snip--
Listing 5-3: Identifying files with the SUID bit set
Note that at u, the first set of permissions—for the owner—has an
s
in
place of the
x
. This is how Linux represents that the
SUID
bit is set. This
means that anyone who runs the
sudo file has the privileges of the root user,
which can be a security concern for the sysadmin and a potential attack vec-
tor for the hacker. For instance, some applications need to access the
/etc/
shadow file to successfully complete their tasks. If the attacker can gain con-
trol of that application, they can use that application’s
access to the pass-
words on a Linux system.
Linux has a well-developed system of security that protects files and
directories from unauthorized access. The aspiring hacker needs to have a
basic understanding of this system not only to protect their files but also to
execute new tools and files. In some cases, hackers can exploit the
SUID
and
SGID
permissions to escalate privileges from a regular user to a root user.
tABle 11.1. graphic Variables

204
nOnTRaDiTiOnaL MaPPing
tions for the problem of disappearance are showing the animation numerous times,
stopping the animation and proceeding frame by frame, and adjusting the speed of
the animation.
A second challenge cited by Harrower is
attention. The user doesn’t know where
to look. Voice narration and sound prompts (beeps, clicks, etc.) can help direct the
reader’s attention. Flashing or moving symbols, such as flashing arrows pointing to
a location, can help, but should be used with care, because they can become annoy-
ing.
The third challenge is
complexity. “Many animated maps try to do too much
and end up saying very little” (Harrower, 2003, p. 64). Effective animated maps are
often quite generalized and focus on the most important trends or features. Instead of
complex numerical legends, categories that show high, medium, and low are easier to
understand. The colors used should also be distinct and easy to remember. Harrower
believes that animated maps are better suited for showing geographic patterns and
changes in patterns than specific rates of change.
Harrower’s final challenge is
confidence. There is some evidence that users are
less confident that they understand the information
they get from animated maps
than from static maps. This problem can be lessened by providing an introduction
to the interface before showing data. The user also needs a relatively simple interface
that he or she adapts to quickly.
Towards automated differential classification of chronic rhinitis based on optical coherence tomography inspection

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Towards automated differential classification of chronic rhinitis based on optical coherence tomography inspection
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Towards automated differential classification of chronic rhinitis based on optical coherence tomography inspection, Nikita Solovyev1, Maria Shakhova2,3, Alina Meller2, Daria Kurakina2, Mikhail Kirillin2, 1Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; 2Institute of Applied Physics RAS; 3Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Russia
Novel approach in kidney diseases treatment by combination of polymeric capsules and their addressing using the endovascular method, Olga Gusliakova, Olga Sindeeva, Saratov State University, Russia
Safety assessment of targeted drug delivery systems accumulation in vessels of vital organs using optical methods, Olga A. Sindeeva, Roman A. Verkhovskii, Arkady S. Abdurashitov, Denis V. Voronin, Oksana A. Mayorova, Anastasiia A. Kozlova, Valery V. Tuchin, Daniil N. Bratashov, Saratov State University, Russia
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Viewing Processes - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Viewing Processes In most cases, the first step in managing processes is to view what processes
are running on your system. The primary tool for viewing processes—and
one of the Linux administrator’s best friends—is the
ps
command. Run it in
your command line to see what processes are active:
kali >ps PID TTY TIME CMD
39659 pts/0 00:00:01 bash
39665 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
The Linux kernel, the inner core of the operating system that con
trols nearly everything, assigns a unique process ID (PID) to each process
sequentially, as the processes are created. When working with these processes
in Linux, you often need to specify their PIDs, so it is far more important to
note the PID of the process than the name of the process.
Alone, the
ps
command doesn’t really provide you with much infor
mation. Running the
ps
command without any options lists the processes
started (said to be invoked) by the currently loggedin user (in our case,
root) and what processes are running on that terminal. Here, it simply says
that the bash shell is open and running and that we ran the
ps
command.
We want and need far more information than that, particularly on those
processes run by other users and by the system in the background. Without
this information, we know very little of what is actually taking place on our
system.
Running the
ps
command with the options
aux
will show all processes
running on the system for all users, as shown in Listing 61. Note that you
don’t prefix these options with a dash (
-
) and that everything is in lower
case; because Linux is casesensitive, using uppercase options would give
you significantly different results.
kali >ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.4 202540 6396 ? Ss Apr24 0:46 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr24 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr24 0:26 [ksoftirqd/0]
--snip--
root 39706 0.0 0.2 36096 3204 pts/0 R+ 15:05 0:00 ps aux
Listing 6-1: Using the aux options to see processes for all users As you can see, this command now lists so many processes, they likely
run off the bottom of your screen. The first process is
init
, listed in the
Process Management
63 final column, and the last process is the command we ran to display,
ps aux
.
Many of the details (
PID
,
%CPU
,
TIME
,
COMMAND
, and so on) may be different on
your system but should have the same format. For our purposes, here are
the most important columns in this output: