nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Виртуальная частная - Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent

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Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent
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bet | 110/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Виртуальная частная сеть - виртуальная сеть, построенная на основе существующих физических сетей, обеспечивающая безопасный туннель коммуникации для передачи данных или другой информации, передаваемой между сетями.
Virtual shaxsiy tarmoq - tarmoqlar orasida almashiniluvchi ma’lumotlar yoki boshqa axborotni uzatish uchun xavfsiz kommunikatsiya tunnelini ta’minlovchi, mavjud fizik tarmoqlar asosida qurilgan virtual tarmoq.
Virtual private network – a virtual network, built on top of existing physical networks that provides a secure communications tunnel for data and other information transmitted between networks.
Контроль доступа на основе ролей - модель для управления доступом к ресурсам, когда разрешенные действия на ресурсы идентифицированы с ролями, а не с личными идентификаторами субъекта.
Rollarga asoslangan ruxsatni nazoratlash - resurslardan foydalanishni boshqarish modeli bo’lib, resurslarda ruxsat berilgan harakatlar shaxsiy subyekt identifikatorining o’rniga rollar bilan identifikatsiyalanadi.
Role-based access control – a model for controlling access to resources where permitted actions on resources are identified with roles rather than with individual subject identities.
Конфиденциальность – 1. Некоторый класс данных, получение либо использование которых неавторизованными для этого лица не может стать причиной серьезного ущерба для организации. 2. Свойство информации, состоящее в том, что она не может быть
обнаружена и сделана доступной без разрешения отдельным лицам, модулям или процессам.
Konfidensiallik – 1. Avtorizatsiyalanmagan shaxs tomonidan olinishi yoki foydalanishi tashkilot uchun jiddiy zarar sababi bo’la olmaydigan ma’lumotlarning qandaydir sinfi. 2. Alohida shaxslar, modullar, jarayonlar ruxsatisiz aniqlanishi, va foydalanishi mumkin bo’lmagan axborot xususiyati.
Confidentiality – 1. Some class data, obtaining or the use of which by unauthorized persons could not cause serious damage to the organization.
2. The quality of information, consisting in that it cannot be detected and made available without the permission of individuals, modules or processes.
Менеджмент риска — полный процесс идентификации, контроля, устранения или уменьшения последствий опасных событий, которые могут оказать влияние на ресурсы информационно- телекоммуникационных технологий.
Risk menejmenti — axborot-telekommunikatsiya texnologiya resurslariga ta’sir etishi mumkin bo’lgan xavfli xodisalar oqibatlarini identifikatsiyalashning, nazoratlashning, bartaraf etishning yoki kamaytirishning to’liq jarayoni.
Risk management — the complete process of identification, control, eliminate or mitigate the consequences of hazardous events that may affect resources of information and telecommunication technologies.
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Network security - Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent

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Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent
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bet | 107/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Network security - measures that protect the information network from unauthorized access, accidental or deliberate interference in normal activities or attempts the destruction of its components.
Брандмауэр - метод защиты сети от угроз безопасности, исходящих от других систем и сетей, с помощью централизации доступа к сети и контроля за ним аппаратно-программными средствами; еще - является защитным барьером, состоящим из нескольких компонентов (например, маршрутизатора или шлюза, на котором работает программное обеспечение брандмауэра).
Tarmoqlararo ekran – apparat-dasturiy vositalar yordamida tarmoqdan foydalanishni markazlashtirish va uni nazoratlash yo’li bilan tarmoqni boshqa tizimlardan va tarmoqlardan keladigan xavfsizlikka tahdidlardan himoyalash usuli; yana - bir necha komponentlardan (masalan, tarmoqlararo ekran dasturiy ta’minoti ishlaydigan marshrutizator yoki shlyuzdan) tashkil topgan ximoya to’sig’i hisoblanadi.
Firewall - a method of protecting a network against security threats from other systems and networks, through centralizing network access and control hardware and software; - is a protective barrier consisting of several components (e.g., router or gateway running firewall software).
Кибер инфраструктура - включает электронную информацию и коммуникационные системы, и службы и информацию, содержавшуюся в этих системах и службах.
Kiber infrastruktura – elektron axborot, kommunikatsiya tizimlari, xizmatlar va bu tizimlar va xizmatlarda mavjud axborotni o’z ichiga oladi. Cyber infrastructure – includes electronic information and communications systems and services and the information contained in these systems and services.
Кибер инцидент - действия, использующие компьютерные сети, приводящие к фактическому или потенциальному ущербу в информационной системе и/или содержащейся в ней информации.
Kiber insident – axborot tizimi va/yoki undagi axborotga aniq yoki potensial zarar yetkazilishiga sabab bo’luvchi, kompyuter tarmoqlaridan foydalanuvchi harakatlar.
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current account. 
Example

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current account.
ExampleBog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425current account.
Example
WOMAN:
Right. I’ve got the application form here then. We have different types - I see you’ve got our
leaflet there.
PIETER:
I’ve decided on the one called ‘
Select’.
Q1
WOMAN:
Right, that’s fine, so, first of all, can I have your full name, please?
PIETER:
Yes, it’s Pieter Henes. That’s P-I-E-T-E-R.
WOMAN:
Is it H-E-double N-E-S?
PIETER:
Uh, only one N actually. It’s a less common spelling of the name.
WOMAN:
Oh, right. OK. And what’s your date of birth, please?
PIETER:
The twenty-seventh of the first, nineteen seventy-three.
Q2
WOMAN:
Right. And will this be a joint account?
PIETER:
No, just myself.
WOMAN:
OK, fine. And where are you living, Mr Henes?
PIETER:
15-Riverside.
Q3
WOMAN:
Is that all one word?
PIETER: Yes.
WOMAN:
Exeter?
PIETER: Yes.
WOMAN:
How long have you been at your present address? Er, is it more than two years?
PIETER:
Ah, just
two weeks
Q4
actually. I only arrived in the country a month ago. I’m from Holland.
WOMAN:
Oh, that’s fine. But we normally ask for a previous address in that ease.
PIETER:
Oh yes, well, it’s Rielsdorf 2. That’s R-I-E-L-S-D-O-R-F 2, Utrecht.
WOMAN:
Holland. OK. Thank you. Do you have a daytime telephone number?
PIETER:
Yes. I think the number at my office is
six-oh-six-two-nine-five, Um, just a minute, I’d
better check. Oh, no sorry, six-one-six.
Q5
I’m not used to it yet. Would you like my home
number too?
WOMAN:
Yes, please.
PIETER:
It’s seven-nine-six-four-three-one.
WOMAN:
Are they both local numbers?
PIETER: Yes.
....................................................................................................................................................................
WOMAN:
Right. And your occupation?
PIETER:
Well, I’m in Britain as a project manager, but that’s not my main job. I’m an
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£10.50 
Q8 - Customer satisfaction survey

TEST
CAR INSURANCE
WOMAN :
Hello… motor insurance department…
MAN:
Oh hello… I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.
WOMAN:
Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name?
MAN:
Patrick Jones.
Example
WOMAN:
And your address?
MAN:
It’s 27 Bank Road.
Q1
WOMAN:
27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?
MAN: Yes.
WOMAN:
And what’s your daytime phone number?
MAN:
My work number is 730453.
WOMAN:
And could I ask what your occupation is?
MAN:
Dentist.
Q2
WOMAN:
OK… now a few details about your car… What size is the engine?
MAN:
It’s 1200 CCS.
WOMAN:
Thank you… and the make and model?
MAN:
It’s a Hewton Sable.
WOMAN:
Could you spell the model name please?
MAN: Yes…
S-A-B-L-E.
Q3
WOMAN:
Ah yes.., thanks. And when was it made?
MAN:
1997.
WOMAN:
Lovely… right… I presume you’ve had a previous insurer?
MAN: Yes.
WOMAN:
Right… we need to know the name of the company.
MAN:
Yes… it was
Northern Star.
Q4
WOMAN:
Thank you, and have you made any insurance claims in the last five years?
MAN:
Yes… one in 1999.
WOMAN:
And what was the problem?
MAN:
To Take Part in the Bird Count

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To Take Part in the Bird Count Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 206/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425To Take Part in the Bird Count
Organiser: Right, some of you have expressed an interest in taking part in this year’s bird count. The bird
count is really useful … it tells us which native birds are doing well, or if their numbers are declining – and
we can also find out if there are any new species of birds – birds that don’t normally inhabit the woods.
So, if you decide to take part in the bird count, there are a few things you need to do.
Nowadays, people don’t tend to record what they see on paper. It’s all done through a mobile app. To get
one of those,
you’ll need to go online and find a website like e-Bird or NestWatch. If you’ve never
signed up with them before, register your details,
Q15
and they’ll send a mobile app to your phone.
Once you’ve got that sorted,
you need to consider exactly where you’re going to count the birds.
Q16
You might decide to spend the day, say, just in a single field – or you might want to cover a wider
area. It’s up to you. Stay away from privately owned land – because you’d need to get authorisation for
that. Um, the next thing to do
is get some other people to come along and help you
Q17
– a group that
are also interested in birds ...and er, that are capable of using the technology. Yes, because, by yourself,
it’s easy to miss the birds that might be in the trees behind you. Then, on the day of the bird count,
you
need to give all your helpers a print out
Q18
– showing pictures of the birds you’re hoping to see.
The pictures should be clear enough so people can really distinguish between similar looking species –
so yes, the document should be in colour, really. Also remind people that the bird count is not a race to
find the most birds possible. It’s supposed to be a group effort, with everyone staying in the same place.
What else? OK, at the end of the day, once all the counting’s been finished, get together with the rest of
the group. How many birds of one species has everyone seen? Compare notes. It doesn’t really matter
if your totals are slightly different.
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Безопасность информации -

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Безопасность информации -
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bet | 106/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Безопасность информации - состояние информации, при котором исключаются случайные или преднамеренные несанкционированные воздействия на информацию или несанкционированное ее получение; еще - состояние уровня защищенности информации при ее обработке техническими средствами, обеспечивающее сохранение таких ее качественных характеристик (свойств) как секретность (конфиденциальность), целостность и доступность.
Axborot xavfsizligi - axborot holati bo’lib, unga binoan axborotga tasodifiy yoki atayin ruxsatsiz ta’sir etishga yoki ruxsatsiz uning olinishiga yo’l qo’yilmaydi; yana - axborotni texnik vositalar yordamida ishlanishida uning maxfiylik (konfidensiallik), yaxlitlik va foydalanuvchanlik kabi xarakteristikalarini (xususiyatlarini) saqlanishini ta’minlovchi axborotning himoyalanish darajasi holati.
Information security - status information, which excludes accidental or deliberate tampering or unauthorized information receive it, also - the state of security level information when processing technical means to ensure the preservation of its quality characteristics (properties) such as secrecy (confidentiality), integrity, and availability.
Безопасность информационная общества - то же, что и
«безопасность, информационная личности» применительно к организованному коллективу людей и к обществу в целом.
Jamiyat axborot xavfsizligi – “shaxs axborot xavfsizligi” kabi, uyushgan odamlar kollektiviga va umuman, jamiyatga qo’llaniladi.
Society information security - what “safety information personality” when applied to organized team of people and to society as a whole.
Безопасность информационной сети - меры, предохраняющие информационную сеть от несанкционированного доступа, случайного или преднамеренного вмешательства в нормальные действия или попыток разрушения ее компонентов.
Axborot tarmog’i xavfsizligi – axborot tarmog’ini ruxsatsiz foydalanishdan, me’yoriy harakatlariga tasodifiy yoki atayin aralashishdan yoki komponentlarini buzishga urinishdan saqlash choralari.
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Аутентификация - Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent

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Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent
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bet | 105/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Аутентификация сообщений - добавление к блоку данных контрольного поля для обнаружения любых изменений в данных. При вычислении значений этого поля используется ключ, известный только приемнику данных.
Xabarlar autentifikatsiyasi – ma’lumotlarda har qanday o’zgarishlarni aniqlash maqsadida ma’lumotlar blokiga nazorat hoshiyasini qo’shish. Ushbu hoshiya qiymatini hisoblashda faqat ma’lumotlar priyemnigiga ma’lum kalitlar ishlatiladi.
Message authentication - adding control data to the data field to detect any changes in the data. The values of this field using a key known only to receiver data.
База данных - совокупность данных, организованных по определенным правилам, предусматривающим общие принципы описания, хранения и манипулирования данными, независимо от прикладных программ. Является информационной моделью предметной области. База данных, как правило, представляются тремя уровнями абстракции: внешним, концептуальным и внутренним.
Ma’lumotlar bazasi - tatbiqiy dasturlarga bog’liq bo’lmagan holda ma’lumotlarni tavsiflashning, saqlashning va manipulyatsiyalashning umumiy prinsiplarini ko’zda tutuvchi, ma’lum qoidalar bo’yicha tashkil etilgan ma’lumotlar majmui. Predmet sohasining informatsion modeli hisoblanadi. Ma’lumotlar bazasi odatda abstraksiyaning tashqi, konseptual va ichki satxlari orqali ifodalanadi.
Database - a collection of data organized according to certain rules, providing general principles for describing, storing and manipulating data independent of the application programs. An information domain model. The database, usually presented in three levels of abstraction: external, conceptual and internal.
Безопасность - свойство системы противостоять внешним или внутренним дестабилизирующим факторам, следствием воздействия которых могут быть нежелательные ее состояния или поведение. Еще - состояние, в котором файлы данных и программы не могут быть использованы, просмотрены и модифицированы неавторизованными лицами (включая персонал системы), компьютерами или программами.
Xavfsizlik - ta’siri natijasida nomaqbul holatlarga olib keluvchi atayin yoki tasodifiy, ichki va tashqi beqarorlovchi faktorlarga qarshi tizimning tura olish xususiyati. Yana - ma’lumotlar fayllarining va dasturlarning avtorizatsiyalanmagan shaxslar (jumladan tizim xodimi), kompyuterlar yoki dasturlar tomonidan ishlatilishi, ko’rib chiqilishi va modifikatsiyalanishi mumkin bo’lmagan holat.
Security - the property of a system to withstand external or internal destabilizing factors, the effect of which may be unwanted state or behaviour. Still - a state in which the data files and programs may not be
used, viewed and modified by unauthorized persons (including the system staff), computers or software.
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paper might be better - Customer satisfaction survey

TEST
Stages in the experiment
EMMA:
Anyway, shall we have a look at the procedure for our experiment? We’ll need to get going
with it quite soon.
JACK:
Right. So the first thing we have to do is find our seeds. I think vegetable seeds would be
best. And obviously they mustn’t all be the same size.
So, how many sorts do we need?
About four different ones?
Q26
EMMA:
I think that would be enough. There’ll be quite a large number of seeds for each one.
JACK:
Then, for each seed we need to find out how much it weighs
Q27
, and also measure
its dimensions, and we need to keep a careful record of all that.
EMMA:
That’ll be quite time-consuming.
I would like somewhere with a shared area

TEST
SUMMER MUSIC FESTIVAL
BOOKING FORM
NINA:
So will you fill in the form or shall I?
GEORGE : I’ll do it. Name:
George O’Neill. Address:
48 North Avenue
Q3
, Westsea. Do you
remember our new postcode? Still can’ remember it.
NINA:
Just a minute – I’ve got it written down here.
WS6 2YH
Q4
. Do you need the phone too?
GEORGE : Please. I’m really bad at numbers.
NINA:
01674553242
Q5
. So, let’s book two tickets for Guitarrini.
GEORGE : Okay. If you’re sure £7.50 each is right. How do you feel about the singer?
NINA:
I haven’t quite decided. But I’ve noticed something on the booking
form that might just
persuade me!
GEORGE : What’s that then?
NINA:
Free refreshments!
GEORGE : Really?
NINA:
Yes, look here. Sunday 17th of June. Singer, ticket £6.00
includes
drinks
Q6
in the garden.
GEORGE : Sounds like a bargain to me!
NINA:
Yes, let’s book two tickets for that. So, what else? I’m feeling quite keen now! How about
the
pianist
Q7
on the 22nd of June?
GEORGE : Anna Ventura? I’ve just remembered that’s my evening class right.
NINA:
That’s okay. I’ll just have to do on my own – but we can go to the
Spanish dance and guitar
concert together, can’t we?
GEORGE : Yes – I’m sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heavens –
The people who work there

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The people who work there Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 204/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425The people who work there
Q22
? And presumable some of the
tourists too?
DAVE:
Yes, both those groups. So we’ll have to go to the site to do that, I suppose. But we might
also do some of our interviewing away from the site –
we could even contact some people
here in the city, like administrators involved in overseeing tourism.
Q23
NATALIE:
OK. So we’ll need to think about our interview questions and fix times and places for the
meetings. It’s all going to take a lot of time.
DAVE:
Mmm. And if we can, we should ask our interviewees if they can bring along some numerical
data that we can add to support our findings.
NATALIE:
And photographs?
DAVE:
I think we have plenty of those already.
But Dr Baker also said we have to establish with
our interviewees whether we can identify them in our case study, or whether they
want to be anonymous.
Q24
NATALIE:
Oh, I wouldn’t have thought of that. OK, once we’ve got all this information, I suppose we
have to analyse it.
DAVE:
Yes, put it all together and choose what’s relevant to the problem we’re focusing on, and
analyse that carefully to find out if we can identify any trends or regularities
Q25
there.
That’s the main thing at this stage, rather can concentrating on details or lots of facts.
NATALIE:
OK. And then once we’ve analysed that, what next?
DAVE:
Well, then we need to think about what we do with the data we’ve selected to make it as
clear as possible to our readers. Things like graphs, or tables, or charts.
NATALIE: Right.
DAVE:
Then the case study itself is mostly quite standard; we begin by presenting the problem, and
giving some background, then go through the main sections, but the thing that surprised me
is that
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-topshiriq - Gayubova komila anvarovna yulanova nargiza davlatovna akademik yozuv

43
sohibqiron, buyuk sarkarda Amir Temurning iqtisodiy g’oyalari, u ishlab chiqqan
va amalda yuritgan iqtisodiy siyosati mislsiz ahamiyatga ega. Amir Temur
iqtisodiy g’oyalarining o‘ziga xos ulug’vorligi shundaki, ular
hayoliy emas, balki
aniq hayotdan kelib chiqqan va unda o‘z ifodasini topgan.
Amir Temurning iqtisodiy g’oyalari “Temur tuzuklari” asarida bayon
etilgan. Uning iqtisodiy g’oyalari va siyosati zamirida inson,
uning manfaati,
farovon va tinch hayot kechirishi tashvishlari yotadi. U odamlarga kasb-hunar
berish, ish bilan ta’minlash, tadbirkorlik faoliyati va tijorat ishlari bilan mashg’ul
bo‘lish uchun yеtarli sarmoya berish, yеtatli uy –
joylar qurib berish haqida
qayg’uradi.
Sohibqironning iqtisodiy qarashlari va yuritgan yangicha iqtisodiy tarbiyani
yo‘lga qo‘yish ishlarida biz uchun muhim dasurulamal tarixiy yo‘l – yo‘riq bo‘lib
xizmat qiladi. Bunday iqtisodiy qoidalarga G’arbdan 300-400 yil ilgari amal
qilindi, ular hayotiy tajribadan o‘tdi.
Matn yuzasidan savol va topshiriqlar.
1. Matnn o‘qing va mazmunini kengaytirib so‘zlab bering.
2. Matn yuzasidan savollar tuzing.
3. Matndan badiiy uslubga xos terminlarni aniqlang.
4. Berilgan matn qaysi turiga xos?
ma’lumotnoma matni
ijodiy-tavsifiy matn.
Gayubova komila anvarovna yulanova nargiza davlatovna akademik yozuv - bet 25

50
5-mavzu.
Matnni ma’noviy qismlarga bo‘lish tamoyillari
Nazariy ma’lumot.
Matnni bo‘limlarga bo‘lish
deganda uni mantiqiy mustaqil tarkibiy
qismlarga bo‘lish tushuniladi. Ilmiy ishni bo‘limlarga bo‘lish
mavzuni optimal
ochib berishga xizmat qiladi. Kirish va xulosa qismlari butun ko‘rinishda bo‘lib,
asosiy qism bob va paragraflarga bo‘linadi. Bu ish raqamlash va sarlavhalarni
shakllantirish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Bob va paragraflarning sarlavhalari berilgan
matn kesimida keyingi bayon qilishni belgilab beradi.
Har bir sarlavha keyingi
matn mazmuniga mos keladi. Bunda har bir bob mazmuni paragraflar
mazmunining mantiqiy yig’indisiga teng.
Matnni bo‘limlarga bo‘lish tamoyillari
1) matnni tarkibiy qismlarga bo‘lish, bir qismni boshqasidan ajratish;
2) sarlavha va raqamlashni qo‘llash.
Ilmiy asarda qismlarga bo‘lish ilmiy tadqiqotning mantiqini aks ettirishi kerak.
Eng oddiy bo‘lim abzats hisoblanadi (matdagi har bir qism birinchi qatorini o‘ng
tomonga surish); abzats bir fikr yoki mavzudan boshqasiga o‘tilishini anglatadi.
Abzats bilan matnni bo‘limlarga bo‘lish raqamlanishi mumkin – matn qismlarining
ketma-ket joylanishi son yoki harf bilan belgilanadi.
Eng ko‘p qo‘llaniladigan raqamlanish tizimi.
1. Turli xildagi belgilarni qo‘llash:
rim va arab raqamlari, bosh harflar va kichik
harflar, xat boshi.
Bunday yondashuvda belgilash tizimi pasayib borish tartibida joylashadi:
A... B... V... - I... II... III... - 1... 2... 3... - 1)... 2)... 3)... - a)... b)... v)...
Bunda quyidagi tartibga rioya qilinadi:
a) qismlarning tartib raqami so‘z bilan ifodalanadi (birinchi qism);
51
b) bo‘limlarning raqami bosh harflar bilan ko‘rsatiladi (masalan: A bo‘lim);
v) boblarning raqami - rim sonlari bilan (I bob);
g) paragraflar raqami – arab sonlari bilan (§ 1)
2. Muayyan birikmalarda faqat arab sonlarini qo‘llash.
Bunday bo‘limlarga bo‘lish tizimida ilmiy asarning eng yirik qismlari raqami bir
sondan, tarkibidagi qismlar – ikki sondan, uchinchi bosqichdagi bo‘linishi – uch
sondan iborat bo‘ladi. Masalan, 1. 2. 3. (1 – bo‘lim raqami, 2 – bob raqami, 3 –
paragraf raqami).
Bunday raqamlash tizimini qo‘llashda
qism, bo‘lim, bob, paragraf
so‘zlarini
ishlatmasa ham bo‘ladi.
Just get everyone to work out and decide – more or less – what

TEST
Market Research Using a Business’s Own Resources
Nathan:
All right. So, if a business wants to use its own resources for market research, what’s the
process?
Stella:
Good question. Let’s think about a company that isn’t using outside consultants, but doing
it internally. Then I think the first step is staff education. You’ve got to get all employees
committed, to maximise the chances of success.
Nathan:
Agreed. Then, you need to show staff examples of what they can do every day.
Stella:
You mean in
Q27
their interactions with customers?
Nathan: Yes.
What, precisely, should they ask customers in order to get valuable information?
Show staff the sorts of things they can ask
on a daily basis.
Stella:
OK. And next, I was reading an article by the BQR Group. Apparently, staff need to
keep
an account
Q28
of what the customers are saying.
Nathan:
You mean on computer, or by hand?
Stella:
The format doesn’t matter. But, say,
every Friday, they should add to the document. So
they build up a picture of customer opinions, and the insights aren’t lost.
Nathan:
Good point. Right, next, I read about ways of motivating staff. Business Guide magazine
had a report on the importance of maintaining motivation.
Stella:
So, what, by looking ahead and deciding what to do next?
Nathan:
Well, in fact, Business Guide’s approach is to
Y-U-I-C-H-I-N-I - Customer satisfaction survey

TEST
OPENING A BANK ACCOUNT
PIETER:
Good morning. I’d
like to open a bank account, please.
WOMAN:
Certainly. If you’d like to take a seat. I’ll just get some details from you. It won’t take long.
PIETER: Thanks.
WOMAN:
Is it a current account or a deposit account you wanted?
PIETER: A
get your staff together round a table as

TEST
HISTORY OF VITAMINS SUPPLEMENTS
Lecturer:
OK, we’ve looked at the history of vitamin supplements and thought
about why people take
them. We’ve also considered the reasons why some health professionals are critical of the
vitamin supplement industry. Now work with a partner and discuss the key issues.
Lucy:
Sam, shall we work together?
Sam:
Sure. Let’s go over the history.
Lucy:
Well, before the 1900s, when someone became weak and tired, and it wasn’t
clear why,
doctors assumed they were suffering from an infection – like a virus.
Sam:
Or they’d been in contact with something poisonous or harmful.
Q21
Something they’d
handled or eaten. Doctors had no other explanation for it.
Lucy:
But in the early 1900s, that changed. That researcher in the US -Joseph Goldberger, –
he
realised people who basically lived off corn – they were getting ill because they weren’t
eating anything else.
Q22
Sam:
Exactly. And other researchers were realising the same thing. Like, in places where people
only ate white rice – they were suffering from a disease called beriberi.
Lucy:
So the researchers concluded that there must be something missing – that the stuff some
people were eating had no nutritional value. And from there, researchers
began to identify
vitamins – like A and B – for the first time.
Sam:
A huge scientific breakthrough.
Lucy:
So doctors, the public, ...everyone got to hear about vitamins – first that they existed, and
second, you needed them to be healthy.
Sam:
But it was governments that were really worried about vitamin deficiency. Certainly in the US
and in the UK, at least.
Lucy:
What do you mean?
Sam:
Well,
I’ve got 
a recording of a documentary that you should watch

TEST
STAGES IN DOING A TOURISM CASE STUDY
NATALIE:
Dave, I’m worried about our case study. I’ve done a bit of reading, but I’m not sure what’s
involved in actually writing a case study – I missed the lecture
where Dr Baker talked us
through it.
DAVE:
OK, well it’s quite straightforward. We’ve got our focus – that’s tourism at the Horton Castle
site. And you said you’d done some reading about it.
NATALIE:
Yes, I found some articles and made notes of the main points.
DAVE:
Did you remember to keep a record of where you got the information from?
Q21
NATALIE:
Sure. I know what a pain it is when you forget that.
DAVE:
OK, so we can compare what we’ve read. Then we have to decide
on a particular problem or
need at our site. And then think about who we’re going to interview to get more information.
NATALIE:
OK. So who’d that be?
It was stolen - Customer satisfaction survey

WOMAN:
OK thank you… And what relationship is he to you?
MAN:
He’s my
brother-in-law.
Q7
WOMAN:
And what will you or Mr. Paynter be using the car for?
MAN:
Well… mainly for social use…
WOMAN:
Social use
(murmuring). Will you be using it to
travel to work?
Q8
MAN:
Yes… sometimes.
WOMAN:
…Anything else?
MAN:
No. That’s it…
WOMAN:
And finally… when would you like to start the insurance?
MAN:
I’ll need it from the 31st of January.
WOMAN:
Right… Mr. Jones… I’m getting a couple of quotes coming up on the computer now… and
the best bet looks like
being with a company called
Red Flag.
Q9
MAN: Yeah.
WOMAN:
And that comes out at
$450 per year…
Q10
MAN:
Well… that seems OK… it’s quite a bit lower than I’ve been paying up to now…
WOMAN:
Great… so would you like me to go ahead with that?
MAN:
Sure… why not?
WOMAN:
How would you like to pay?
TEST
AIRPORT SHUTTLE BOOKING FORM
MAN :
OK, I just have to fill this form out for you. So what date do you want to book this for?
WOMAN :
The 16th
of October oh, no, sorry, that’s my departure date.
engineer 
Q6 - Customer satisfaction survey

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Customer satisfaction surveyBog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425engineer
Q6
by profession.
WOMAN:
I see. I think I’ll put that then. It’s shorter! Now we usually ask for a piece of information
which we can use to check your identity, for security reasons. You know, if you phone us.
PIETER:
Like, erm, my wife’s first name?
WOMAN:
Mother’s
Q7
might be better. It’s less likely to be known.
PIETER:
OK. Hers is Siti.
WOMAN: Siti?
PIETER:
Yes, S-I-T-I. It’s Indonesian.
WOMAN:
Fine. And how much would you like to open your account with? We usually ask for a minimum
sum of £50. That’s about €75.
PIETER:
Well. I’m going to transfer
€2.000
Q8
from my Dutch account, just till I get paid. In fact, I
wanted to ask you about that. What’s the best way to do it
WOMAN:
It depends, which bank you’re with.
PIETER:
It’s the Fransen Bank in Utrecht.
WOMAN:
OK, fine. I’ll check that in a minute. If we have links with them we can do a direct transfer.
But it’s not a big problem either way. Um, let’s see. How often would you like to receive
statements?
PIETER:
I haven’t really thought. Um, what’s the usual thing?
WOMAN:
It’s up to you. Some people like them weekly.
PIETER:
Oh, no, that’s too often. Can I have them sent, um, once a
month?
Q9
WOMAN:
Yes, that’s fine. Is there anything else?
PIETER:
I was thinking of registering for your
internet
Q10
service at some stage.
WOMAN:
Oh, yes. Would you like me to send you information about that?
PIETER:
Please, yes.
WOMAN:
And would you like to receive information about the bank’s other services - insurance, loans,
anything like that?
PIETER:
Hmm, I don’t think so, thanks.
WOMAN:
That’s OK then. And one last thing, if you agree ...
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in a normal report we’d end with some suggestions to deal with the problem

TEST
Advice on exam preparation
JEANNIE:
Well, the first thing is to find out exactly what’s required in the exams.
DAN:
Mm. Would it help to get hold of some past papers?
JEANNIE:
Yes. They’ll help to make it clear.
DAN:
Right, I’ll do that. Then what?
JEANNIE:
Then you
can sort out your revision
priorities
Q27
, based on what’s most likely to come
up.
I put these on a card, and read them through regularly.
DAN: Uhuh.
JEANNIE: But that isn’t enough in itself. You also need a
timetable
Q28
,
to see how you can fit
everything in, in the time available. Then keep it front of you while you’re studying.
DAN:
I’ve done that before, but it hasn’t helped me!
JEANNIE:
Maybe you need to do
something different every day, so if you break down your revision
into
small tasks
Q29
, and
allocate them to specific days, there’s more incentive to tackle
them. With big topics you’re more likely to put off starting.
DAN:
Good idea.
JEANNIE:
And as I revise
each topic I write a
single paragraph
Q30
about it – then later I h can read
it
through quickly, and d it helps fix things in my mind.
DAN:
That’s brilliant.
JEANNIE:
I also write answers to questions for the exam practice. It’s hard to make myself do it, though!
DAN:
Well, I’ll try.
Thanks a lot, Jeannie. That’s a great help.
JEANNIE:
No problem.
DAN:
See you aground.
JEANNIE: Bye.
And we also need to decide how deep we’re going to

TEST
How James will write his paper on the Vikings
JAMES:
Could I ask for some advice about writing the paper I’m working on about the Vikings? I
have
to do that this week, and I’m a bit stuck.
BETH:
Of course. Have you decided yet what to write about?
JAMES:
No, I haven’t. There’s so much that seems interesting – Viking settlement in other countries,
trade, mythology …
BETH:
Well,
what I suggest is that you read an assignment a student wrote last year
Q26
,
which is kept in the library. It’s
short and well focused, and I’m sure you’ll find it helpful. I’ll
give you the details in a moment. Textbooks usually cover so many topics, it can be very
difficult to choose just one.
JAMES:
OK. I’ve got a DVD of the film about the Vikings that came out earlier this year. Should I
watch that again?
BETH:
If it’s
the one I am thinking of, hmm, I’d ignore it – it’s more fantasy than reality. But
Shifrlashning yetishmasligi - Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti urganch filliali s914-22-guruh talabasi

Shifrlashning yetishmasligi
Shifrlash jarayonlari ma’lumotlarni faqat maxfiy kalitlari bo’lgan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan dekodlanishi uchun kodlaydi. Uskuna yo’qolishi, o’g’irlanishi yoki tashkilot tizimlari tajovuzkorlar tomonidan buzilgan taqdirda ma’lumotlar yo’qolishi va buzilishining oldini olishda juda samaralidir.
Afsuski, ushbu chora ko’pincha uning murakkabligi va to’g’ri amalga oshirish bilan bog’liq huquqiy majburiyatlarning yo’qligi tufayli e’tibordan chetda qolmoqda. Tashkilotlar saqlash qurilmalarini sotib olish yoki shifrlashni qo’llab-quvvatlaydigan bulut xizmatlaridan foydalanish va maxsus xavfsizlik vositalaridan foydalanish orqali shifrlashni tobora ko’proq qabul qilmoqda.
Xavfsizlikning noto’g’ri konfiguratsiyasi
Zamonaviy tashkilotlar juda ko’p texnologik platformalar va vositalardan, xususan, veb-ilovalar, ma’lumotlar bazalari va dasturiy ta’minot sifatida xizmat ko’rsatish (SaaS) ilovalari yoki Amazon Web Services kabi provayderlarning infratuzilmalari(IaaS)dan foydalanadilar.
Korxona darajasidagi platformalar va bulut xizmatlari xavfsizlik xususiyatlariga ega, ammo ular tashkilot tomonidan sozlanishi kerak. Ehtiyotsizlik yoki inson xatosi tufayli xavfsizlik noto’g’ri konfiguratsiyasi xavfsizlik buzilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Yana bir muammo – bu “konfiguratsiya o’zgarishi”, bu yerda to’g’ri xavfsizlik konfiguratsiyasi tezda eskirib ketishi va tizimni IT yoki xavfsizlik xodimlari bilmagan holda zaif holga keltirishi mumkin bo’ladi.
Tashkilotlar tizimlarni doimiy ravishda kuzatib boradigan, konfiguratsiya bo’shliqlarini aniqlaydigan va tizimlarni zaiflashtiradigan konfiguratsiya muammolarini ogohlantiradigan yoki hatto avtomatik ravishda tuzatadigan texnologik platformalar yordamida xavfsizlik noto’g’ri konfiguratsiyasini yumshata oladi.
Axborot xavfsizligi strategiyangizni amaliy va oqilona tarzda shakllantiring. Tashkilot ichidagi turli bo’limlarning ehtiyojlari va dolzarbligini qondirish uchun bo’limlar yoki shaxslarga muayyan vaziyatlarda qoidalardan chetga chiqishga imkon beradigan tasdiqlash jarayoni bilan istisnolar tizimini qo’llash kerak.
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Axborot xavfsizligining 3 ta tamoyili nimalardan iborat?

Axborot xavfsizligining 3 ta tamoyili nimalardan iborat?
Axborot xavfsizligining asosiy qoidalari maxfiylik, yaxlitlik va mavjudlikdir. Axborot xavfsizligi dasturining har bir elementi ushbu tamoyillardan birini yoki bir nechtasini amalga oshirish uchun ishlab chiqilishi kerak. Ular birgalikda Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi triadasi deb ataladi.
Maxfiylik
Maxfiylik choralari ma’lumotlarning ruxsatsiz oshkor etilishining oldini olish uchun mo’ljallangan. Maxfiylik tamoyilining maqsadi shaxsiy ma’lumotlarning maxfiyligini ta’minlash va ular faqat unga ega bo’lgan yoki o’zlarining tashkiliy funksiyalarini bajarishi uchun kerak bo’lgan shaxslarga ko’rinadigan va ochiq bo’lishini ta’minlashdir.
Yaxlitlik
Yaxlitlik ma’lumotlarga ruxsat etilmagan o’zgarishlardan (qo’shimchalar, o’chirishlar, o’zgartirishlar va boshqalar) himoya qilishni o’z ichiga oladi. Yaxlitlik tamoyili ma’lumotlarning to’g’ri va ishonchli bo’lishini hamda tasodifiy yoki zararli shaklda noto’g’ri o’zgartirilmasligini ta’minlaydi.
Mavjudligi
Mavjudlik – tizimning dasturiy ta’minot tizimlari va ma’lumotlarini foydalanuvchiga kerak bo’lganda (yoki ma’lum bir vaqtda) to’liq foydalanish imkoniyatini himoya qilishdir. Mavjudlikning maqsadi texnologik infratuzilmani, ilovalarni va ma’lumotlarni tashkiliy jarayon yoki tashkilot mijozlari uchun zarur bo’lganda mavjud qilishdir.
Axborot xavfsizligi va kiberxavfsizlik
Axborot xavfsizligi kiberxavfsizlikdan ko’lami va maqsadi jihatidan farq qiladi. Bu ikki atama ko’pincha bir-birining o’rnida ishlatiladi, ammo aniqrog’i, kiberxavfsizlik axborot xavfsizligining kichik ko’rinishidir. Axborot xavfsizligi – bu jismoniy xavfsizlik, endpoint (so’nggi nuqta) xavfsizligi, ma’lumotlarni shifrlash va tarmoq xavfsizligi kabi ko’plab sohalarni qamrab oluvchi keng soha sanaladi. Shuningdek, bu ma’lumotni tabiiy ofatlar va serverdagi nosozliklar kabi tahdidlardan himoya qiluvchi axborot kafolati bilan chambarchas bog’liq bo’ladi.
Kiberxavfsizlik, birinchi navbatda, texnologiya bilan bog’liq tahdidlarga, ularning oldini olish yoki yumshatishga yordam beradigan amaliyotlar va vositalar bilan shug’ullanadi. Boshqa tegishli kategoriya – bu ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi bo’lib, u tashkilot ma’lumotlarini ruxsat berilmagan shaxslarning tasodifiy yoki zararli ta’siridan himoya qilishga qaratilgan bo’ladi.
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Faol va passiv hujumlar - Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti urganch filliali s914-22-guruh talabasi

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Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti urganch filliali s914-22-guruh talabasi
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bet | 6/12 | Sana | 08.12.2023 | Hajmi | 44,39 Kb. | | #113842 |
Bog'liq mustaqil ish kiberxavfsizlikFaol va passiv hujumlar
Axborot xavfsizligi tashkilotlarni zararli hujumlardan himoya qilish uchun mo’ljallangan. Hujumlarning ikkita asosiy turi mavjud: faol va passiv. Faol hujumlarning oldini olish qiyinroq deb hisoblanadi va asosiy e’tibor ularni aniqlash, yumshatish va ularni tiklashga qaratiladi. Kuchli xavfsizlik choralari bilan passiv hujumlarning oldini olish esa osonroq bo’ladi.
Faol hujumlar
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Passiv hujumlar
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Xabarlarni, aloqalarni yoki ma’lumotlarni o’zgartiradi
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Ma’lumotlar yoki tizimlarga hech qanday o’zgartirish kiritmaydi
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Maxfiy ma’lumotlarning mavjudligi va yaxlitligiga tahdid soladi
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Maxfiy ma’lumotlarning maxfiyligiga tahdid solidi
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Tashkiliy tizimlarning shikastlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin
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Tashkiliy tizimlarga bevosita zarar yetkazmaydi
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Jabrlanuvchilar odatda hujum haqida bilishadi
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Jabrlanuvchilar odatda hujum haqida bilishmaydi
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Dunyo bo’ylab ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish qoidalari shaxsiy ma’lumotlarning maxfiyligini oshirishga qaratilgan va tashkilotlarning mijozlar ma’lumotlarini to’plash, saqlash va ulardan foydalanish usullariga cheklovlar qo’yadi. Ma’lumotlar maxfiyligi shaxsiy identifikatsiya qilinadigan ma’lumotlarga (PII) qaratilgan bo’lib, birinchi navbatda ma’lumotlar qanday saqlanishi va ishlatilishi bilan bog’liq. PII to’g’ridan-to’g’ri foydalanuvchi bilan bog’lanishi mumkin bo’lgan har qanday ma’lumotlarni o’z ichiga oladi, masalan, ism, ID raqami, tug’ilgan sanasi, jismoniy manzili yoki telefon raqami kabilar. Shuningdek, u ijtimoiy media postlari, profil rasmlari va IP manzillari kabi artefaktlarni ham o’z ichiga olishi mumkin.
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Bolalarning onlayn maxfiyligini himoya qilish to’g’risidagi qonun

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Bolalarning onlayn maxfiyligini himoya qilish to’g’risidagi qonun
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bet | 8/12 | Sana | 08.12.2023 | Hajmi | 44,39 Kb. | | #113842 |
Bog'liq mustaqil ish kiberxavfsizlikBolalarning onlayn maxfiyligini himoya qilish to’g’risidagi qonun – voyaga yetmaganlar bilan bog’liq ma’lumotlarni to’plashni tartibga soladi.
Sog’liqni saqlash sug’urtasi portativligi va buxgalteriya hisobi qonuni (HIPAA) – sog’liqni saqlash ma’lumotlarini saqlash, maxfiylik va foydalanishni tartibga soladi.
Gramm Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) – moliyaviy institutlar va banklar tomonidan to’plangan va saqlanadigan shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni tartibga soladi.
Adolatli kredit hisoboti to’g’risidagi qonun – kredit yozuvlari va ma’lumotlarini to’plash, ulardan foydalanish va ulardan foydalanishni tartibga soladi.
Bundan tashqari, Federal Savdo Komissiyasi (FTC) foydalanuvchilarni ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi va maxfiylik kabi soxta yoki adolatsiz operatsiyalardan himoya qilish uchun javobgardir. FTC qoidalarni qabul qilishi, qonunlarni qo’llashi, buzilishlarni jazolashi va tashkilotdagi firibgarlik yoki shubhali buzilishlarni tekshirishi mumkin.
Federal ko’rsatmalarga qo’shimcha ravishda, AQShning 25 ta shtati ma’lumotlarni tartibga solish uchun turli qonunlarni qabul qilganlar. Eng mashhur misol – Kaliforniyadagi iste’molchilarning shaxsiy hayoti to’g’risidagi qonun (CCPA). Qonun 2020-yil yanvar oyida kuchga kirdi va Kaliforniya aholisini himoya qiladi, shu jumladan, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarga kirish, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni o’chirishni talab qilish va ma’lumotlarni yig’ish yoki qayta sotishdan voz kechish kabilar.
Imperva bilan axborot xavfsizligiga erishing
Imperva barcha o’lchamdagi tashkilotlarga axborot xavfsizligi dasturlarini amalga oshirishda yordam beradi va maxfiy ma’lumotlar hamda aktivlarni himoya qiladi.
Imperva ilova xavfsizligi
Imperva veb-saytlar va ilovalar mavjud, oson kirish mumkin va xavfsiz ekanligiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun ko’p qatlamli himoyani ta’minlaydi. Imperva ilovalari xavfsizligi yechimi quyidagilarni o’z ichiga oladi:
DDoS himoyasi – barcha holatlarda ish vaqtini saqlash. Sizning veb-saytingizga va tarmoq infratuzilmangizga kirishni oldini olish uchun har qanday turdagi DDoS hujumining oldini olish.
CDN — ishlab chiquvchilar uchun moʻljallangan CDN yordamida veb-sayt ish faoliyatini yaxshilash va tarmoqli kengligi xarajatlarini kamaytirish. API va dinamik veb-saytlarni tezlashtirganda statik resurslarni chetida keshlash.
WAF – bulutga asoslangan yechim qonuniy trafikka ruxsat beradi va yomon trafikni oldini oladi va ilovalarni himoya qiladi. Gateway WAF tarmog’ingiz ichidagi ilovalar va APIlarni xavfsiz saqlaydi.
Bot boshqaruvi – anomaliyalarni aniqlash uchun bot trafigini tahlil qiladi, yomon bot xatti-harakatlarini aniqlaydi va foydalanuvchi trafigiga ta’sir qilmaydigan sinov mexanizmlari orqali uni tasdiqlaydi.
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Hisobni egallab olishdan himoya qilish

Hisobni egallab olishdan himoya qilish – foydalanuvchilarning hisoblarini zararli maqsadlarda egallab olishga urinishlarni aniqlash va ulardan himoya qilish uchun maqsadli aniqlash jarayonidan foydalanadi.
RASP – ilovalaringizni ma’lum va nol kunlik hujumlardan himoya qiladi. Imzo yoki o’rganish rejimisiz tez va aniq himoya.
Hujumlar tahlili – barcha mudofaa qatlamlari bo’ylab amaliy razvedka yordamida samarali va aniq xavfsizlik tahdidlarini yumshatish hamda ularga javob berishdir.
Bugungi texnologik jihatdan rivojlangan davrda Kiberxavfsizlikni tahlil qilish va takomillashtirish endi faqatgina insonlar tomonidan amalga oshirilmaydi. Ushbu misli ko’rilmagan muammoga javoban, sun’iy intellektga (AI) asoslangan kiberxavfsizlik vositalari paydo bo’ldi, ular axborot xavfsizligi guruhlariga xakerlik xavfini kamaytirishga va xavfsizlik darajasini yuqori darajada oshirishga yordam beradi.
Sun’iy intellekt va mashinalarni o’rganish (Machine Learning) axborot xavfsizligi sohasidagi eng muhim texnologiyalarga aylandi, chunki ular millionlab hodisalarni tezda tahlil qilish va turli xil tahdidlarni aniqlash qobiliyatiga ega. Zero-day (nol kunlik) zaifliklardan foydalanadigan zararli dasturlardan tortib, fishing hujumiga yoki zararli kodni yuklashga olib kelishi mumkin bo’lgan xavfli xatti-harakatlarni aniqlashga qodir. Ushbu texnologiyalar o’tmishdagi tajribalarga asoslanib, endilikda hujumlarning yangi turlarini aniqlash uchun vaqt o’tishi bilan takomillashib bormoqda.
Sun’iy intellekt va ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish
Afsuski, hozirgi vaqtda sun’iy intellekt juda mashhur, ammo ko’pincha noto’g’ri ishlatiladigan zamonaviy so’zdir. Hozirda ko’plab kompaniyalar sun’iy intellekt tomoniga o’tish yo’llarini qidirmoqdalar. Ammo bugungi kunda sun’iy intellekt bo’yicha ko’plab takliflar aslida sun’iy intellekt testi talablariga javob bermaydi. Ular ma’lumotlarni tahlil qiladigan va ma’lum natijalarni aniqlashga imkon beradigan texnologiyalardan foydalanishsa-da, bu AI emas. Sof AI vazifalarni avtomatlashtirish uchun kognitiv qobiliyatlarni ko’paytirishdan iborat.
Sun’iy intellekt tizimlari iterativ va dinamikdir. Ular ko’proq ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish davomida aqlli bo’lib, tajribadan “o’rganadilar” va borgan sari qobiliyatli va avtonom bo’lib boradilar.
Boshqa tomondan, ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish (DA) – bu ixtisoslashgan tizimlar va dasturiy ta’minot yordamida ulardagi ma’lumotlar to’g’risida xulosa chiqarish uchun katta ma’lumotlar to’plamlarini o’rganadigan statik jarayon hisoblanadi.
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Yevropa Ittifoqida (EI) ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish qonunlari: GDPR

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Yevropa Ittifoqida (EI) ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish qonunlari: GDPR
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bet | 7/12 | Sana | 08.12.2023 | Hajmi | 44,39 Kb. | | #113842 |
Bog'liq mustaqil ish kiberxavfsizlikYevropa Ittifoqida (EI) ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish qonunlari: GDPR
Yevropa Ittifoqidagi eng mashhur maxfiylik qonuni Ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish bo’yicha umumiy reglamentdir (GDPR). Ushbu qoida Yevropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari bilan bog’liq ma’lumotlarni to’plash, ishlatish, saqlash, xavfsizligi va uzatishni o’z ichiga oladi.
GDPR, kompaniyaning o’zi Yevropa Ittifoqi ichida yoki undan tashqarida joylashganligidan qat’i nazar, Yevropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari bilan biznes yuritadigan har qanday tashkilot uchun amal qiladi. Ko’rsatmalarni buzish global savdoning 4 foizi yoki 20 million yevro miqdorida jarimaga olib kelishi mumkin.
GDPRning asosiy maqsadlari quyidagilardan iborat:
Shaxsiy ma’lumotlarning maxfiyligini asosiy inson huquqi sifatida belgilash;
Maxfiylik mezonlari talablarini amalga oshirish;
Maxfiylik qoidalari qanday qo’llanilishini standartlashtirish.
GDPR quyidagi ma’lumotlar turlarini himoya qilishni o’z ichiga oladi:
Ism, ID raqami, tug’ilgan sanasi yoki manzili kabi shaxsiy ma’lumotlar;
IP-manzil, cookie-fayllar, joylashuv va boshqalar kabi veb-ma’lumotlar;
Tashxis va prognozni o’z ichiga olgan sog’liqni saqlash ma’lumotlari;
Biometrik ma’lumotlar, jumladan ovozli ma’lumotlar, DNK va barmoq izlari;
Shaxsiy aloqalar;
Rasmlar va videolar;
Madaniy, ijtimoiy yoki iqtisodiy ma’lumotlar;
AQShda ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish qonunlari:
Ba’zi qoidalar joriy qilinganiga qaramay, hozirda Qo’shma Shtatlarda umuman ma’lumotlar maxfiyligini tartibga soluvchi federal qonunlar mavjud emas . Biroq ba’zi qoidalar ma’lumotlarning ma’lum turlarini yoki ulardan foydalanishni himoya qiladi. Bularga quyidagilar kiradi:
Federal Savdo Komissiyasi to’g’risidagi qonun – tashkilotlarga maxfiylik siyosati bo’yicha iste’molchilarni aldashni, mijozlar maxfiyligini yetarli darajada himoya qilmaslikni va noto’g’ri reklamani taqiqlaydi.
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