nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
particular - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB particular
bridge
/brɪdʒ/
and
roundabout
/ˈraʊnd.ə.baʊt/
.
Answers
Students’ own answers
2
In pairs, ask the students to read the descriptions of
places and try to name them before they find the places
on the map.
FAST FINISHERS
Fast finishers ask and answer questions in pairs about
the places on the map, e.g.
Where’s the post office? It’s
here
.
/ It’s beside the train station.
If they don’t know the
preposition, they can point.
Answers
1 post office 2 hotel 3 supermarket 4 library 5 university
6 restaurant 7 bank 8 petrol station 9 police station
10 hospital 11 theatre 12 bus station 13 museum
14 market
3
Encourage the students to look at the map and to take
turns to ask full questions and answer in full sentences
giving a reason. They can use the words in Exercise 2
to do this. If necessary, demonstrate with a stronger
student first; e.g.:
Teacher
: Which of the places do you like going to?
Student
: I like going to the cinema.
Teacher
: Why do you like going to the cinema?
Student
: Because I love seeing films. What about you?
Answers
Students’ own answers
4
Point out that there are five mistakes in the description
and that the students will need to check each sentence
against the map to do this. If necessary, begin as a class
by reading the first three sentences and asking ‘Where’s
the river?’ (
students point at the river
) ‘Does it go through
the town centre?’ (
yes
) ‘How many bridges are there?’
(
three
) ‘Is this the first mistake?’ (
yes
)
Answers
there are four bridges (there are three bridges)
Opposite the shops, there’s a bank, a museum and a
restaurant (there isn’t a restaurant opposite)
Behind the museum, there’s a children’s playground. (there’s
grass behind the museum)
There’s also a sports centre on that street. (there’s a
supermarket)
In front of the supermarket, there’s a car park (it’s behind the
supermarket)
The Reading text is recorded for students to listen and read.
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Emma:
And record an album!
Shona

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Emma:
And record an album!
Shona Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 219/255 | Sana | 14.06.2024 | Hajmi | 18,95 Mb. | | #263803 |
Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TBEmma:
And record an album!
Shona
: Do you only do music in the mornings?
Emma
: No, we learn about the history of music too, but
that starts next week. I can tell you about that next
Friday.
Shona'>Shona:
Lucky you! I want to be at music school, but my
mum and dad can’t pay for me.
Emma:
This music school is free!
Shona:
Really? What’s the name of the school?
Emma:
It’s called The Clarke School. That’s C-L-A-R-K-E.
Shona
: Right … C-L-A-R-K-E.
Emma
: You play in a band, Shona. You can come here too!
Ask your parents to phone the school.
Shona
: Wow! Ok. What’s the phone number?
Emma
: 0-1-5-7-2 3-double 9-6-8-7.
Shona:
0-1-5-7-2 3-double 9-6-8-7. Ok. Got that. And
what’s the name of the head of the school?
Emma:
The head’s name is Ms Phillips. That’s P-H-I-double
L-I-P-S.
Shona.
P-H-I-double L-I-P-S. Ok great. My parents can
phone tomorrow.
Emma
: Oh, and here’s the email. They can email as well.
It’s info-at-clarke 4, as the number, music-dot-com
Shona:
info-at-clarke4music-dot-com. Ok. Thanks, Emma.
Emma:
Good luck!
Unit 4, Student’s Book page 28
Conversation 1
Boy 1:
Were you and your brother at the football match
on Saturday?
Girl 1:
No, we weren’t. We were at a theme park. It was his
birthday.
Boy 1:
Wow, awesome! I love theme parks.
Girl 1:
Yes, it was amazing. I can’t wait to go again.
Conversation 2
Girl 2:
Were you at home yesterday?
Boy 2:
No, I wasn’t. I was out with my family. We were at a
barbecue near the beach.
Girl 2:
Was it fun?
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Girl 1 - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 222/255 | Sana | 14.06.2024 | Hajmi | 18,95 Mb. | | #263803 |
Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TBGirl 1:
Hi Finley. Is your brother at home? I need to ask
him something about the volleyball match.
Finley:
I’m afraid he’s sleeping.
Girl 1:
What? But it’s ten o’clock.
Finley:
I know. He never gets up early at the weekend. He
usually has his breakfast at about midday.
4
Where were they in the morning?
Boy 1:
What a great morning! Thanks for coming with me.
Girl 2:
No problem. It’s a brilliant pool. I love swimming
there.
Boy 1:
Me too. But I’m hungry now. Shall we get some
lunch at the café?
Girl 2:
OK. And then let’s go home. I’m really tired!
5
What does the girl want to have for dinner?
Girl 1:
What’s for dinner Mum? I hope it’s not fish again.
Mum:
It’s rice with vegetables. Don’t worry – it’s really
nice.
Girl 1:
Ohh! Can’t we have pasta with tomato sauce?
Mum:
Maybe tomorrow. Now come and help me with the
vegetables.
Girl 1:
OK.
Unit 5, Student’s Book page 36
Women in History.
1
Man:
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt and the last pharaoh,
died in 30 BCE.
2
Man:
Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in chemistry
in December 1911.
3
Man:
Valentina Tereshkova travelled into space on the
16th of June 1963.
4
Man:
Amelia Earhart crossed the Atlantic Ocean, alone,
by plane in 1932.
5
Man:
Coco Chanel opened her first shop in Deauville,
France in the 20
th
century.
6
Man:
Frida Kahlo painted her self-portrait with parrots
in 1941.
7
Man:
Serena Williams played her first match at
Wimbledon in 1998.
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N. B. Adizova, R. X. Jumayev, R. A. Qo‘ldoshev, S. R. Ismatov ona tili o‘qitish metodikasi - bet 55

109
almashtirish, uni saqlash qoidalarini o‘rgatish lozim. O‘qituvchi shogirdlarini
avtoruchka bilan tanishtirish jarayonini suhbat tarzida tashkil etishi mumkin:
- Bolalar, bugun biz birgalikda sharikli
avtoruchkadan qanday
foydalanishni o‘rganamiz. Avtoruchka bilan yozishni o‘rganishdan oldin sizlar
ba’zi bir qoidalarni bilishlaringiz lozim. Hozir shu haqda suhbat qilamiz. Qani
kim menga aytadi: qalam qanday bo‘ladi?
O‘quvchi: Qalam – bu yog’och tayyoqcha, o‘rtasida esa qora bo‘yog’i
bor.
Shundan keyin o‘qituvchi qalam va avtoruchkani ko‘rsatib, ularning bir –
biridan farqini so‘raydi.
O‘quvchi: Avtoruchka
siyoh bilan yozadi, qalam esa siyohsiz yozadi.
O‘qituvchi: To‘g’ri, avtoruchka siyoh bilan yozadi. Endi men sizlarga
sharikli avtoruchkaning qanday tuzilishini ko‘rsataman. Mana, mening qo‘limda
sharikli avtoruchka. Uning qismlarini alohida-alohida ko‘rib chiqamiz. Bu
qopqoq siyohli naycha (sterjen)ni saqlaydi. Mana bu avtoruchkaning siyohli
naychasi (o‘qituvchi ruchkani qismlarga bo‘ladi).
Uning ichi siyoh bilan
to‘ldirilgan. Shuning uchun unga ehtiyotkorlik bilan munosabatda bo‘lishimiz
kerak (o‘qituvchi uni qo‘liga olib ko‘rsatadi). Faqat naychaning siyohi
tugagandan keyin uni almashtirish kerak.
Shunday qilib o‘qituvchi sharikli avtoruchkaning old va orqa qopqog’i,
siyohli naychasi hamda himoya qopqog’i bilan
shogirdlarini mufassal
tanishtiradi. O‘quvchilarning o‘zlari ham ustozlari yordamida ruchkani
qismlarga bo‘lib qayta yig’ishni mashq qiladilar.
Sharikli avtoruchkaning qismlari bilan tanishtirilgandan so‘ng
undan
qanday foydalanish qoidalari tushuntiriladi.
O‘qituvchi: Yozayotganda avtoruchka uch barmoq: bosh, ko‘rsatkich,
o‘rta barmoq bilan ushlanadi (O‘qituvchi aytganlarini amalda ko‘rsatib beradi,
o‘quvchilar esa u ko‘rsatgan amallarni takrorlaydilar). Men ko‘rsatgandek
avtoruchkani qo‘lingazga oling. Yozayotganingizda avtoruchkaning kichik
qopqoq tomoni o‘ng elkangizga to‘g’ri tursin (O‘qituvchi har bir o‘quvchiga
110
yozish vaqtida ruchkani qanday ushlashni ko‘rsatib chiqadi). Yozib bo‘lgandan
so‘ng avtoruchkani partaning ustidagi chuqurchaga qo‘ying.
Dars tugagandan
so‘ng esa ruchkangizni o‘z qutichangizga solib qo‘yishni unutmang.
Sharikli avtoruchka bilan yozish yuzasidan ota-onalar bilan ham suhbat
o‘tkazish lozim. Buning uchun o‘qish boshlanishidan uch-to‘rt
kun oldin ota-
onalarni yig’ib, ularga bolalari qanday avtoruchkada yozishlari va, faqat, shu
tavsiya etilgan avtoruchkalarni olib berish tushuntiriladi.
Avtoruchkaning yozuvga doim tayyor bo‘lishi, husnixatga o‘rgatishning
asosiy
shartlaridan biridir, shuning uchun unga alohida e’tibor berish talab
etiladi.
Tajriba ishi №2 - Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti

-
komanda deshifratoridan olingan axborotga mos ravishda sinxronlash
va boshqarish sxemasi operandlarni registrlardan yoki xotiradan olishni, komanda
kodiga mos ravishda arifmetik yoki mantiqiy operatsiya bojarilishini, komanda
uzunligiga mos ravishda uning ikkinchi va uchinchi baytlarini (ikki va uch baytli
komandalar uchun) xotiradan olashni, xamda boshqarishni navbatdagi komandaga
uzatishni amalga oshiruvchi sinxronlash va boshqarish signallari bilan
mikroprotsessorning barcha qurilmalarini ta`minlaydi.
Programma komandalarining bajarilish tartibini mikroprotsessorning natija
belgilari registrida xosil bulgan “c” (Carry)- o’tish razryadi, “S” (Signum) –
natijaning ishora razryadi, “Z” (Zero) – natijaning nolga teng yoki teng emasligi
belgisi, “P” (Parity) – natijadagi birlar sonining juftligi belgisi, xamda “Ac”
(Auxiliary Carry)
– oraliq (natija baytida kichik tơrtlikdan katta tơrtlikka) o’tish
razryadi xolati belgilari aniqlaydi.
Quyidagi shartlar bajarilganda nati
janing belgilarini kơrsatuvchi triggerlar
xolati ơzgaradi:
-
akummulyatordagi ma`lumot chapga yoki ơngga “c” ơtish razryadi
ishtirokida surilganda, qơshish operasiyasi bajarilganda va ayirish operasiyasida eng
katta razryaddan qarz olinganda;
-
natija nolga
teng bơlganda “Z” trigger “1” qiymatni oladi, aks xolda “0”
qiymatini oladi;
-
natijadagi “1” lar soni juft bơlganda “P” triggeri “1” qiymatni oladi;
-
natija manfiy bơlsa (akummulyatorning katta razryadi birga teng
bơlsa), “S” trigger “1” xolatiga ơtadi;
-
natijaning kichik tơrtligidan katta tơrtligiga ơtish razryadi bơlsa, “Ac”
triggeri “1” xolatiga ơtadi.
Programmada tarmoqlanishlar xosil qilish uchun yuqoridagi triggerlar
xolatini xisobga olgan xolda boshqarishni uzatish uchun mikroprotsessorning
komandalar sistemasida bir qator komandalar nazarda tutilgan.
Figure 4.12 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

Figure 4.12:
DOMifier view of “itemlist” XML snippet.
The Big Picture
These nodes somehow need to fit together in the DOM tree. All the different nodes have
restrictions as to which nodes can be their children. The parent-child relationships can be
easily shown using a tree diagram, which has been split up among Figures 4.13 through
4.19. Figure 4.13 starts with the Document node, and the remaining figures flow from
there. The property, such as childNodes, that is used to get access to a node is written in
the line between nodes. These properties are described in greater detail in
Chapter 5
.
Nodes that reside under NodeList or NamedNodeMap collections don’t have a property
name because they are accessed with the item(x) method.
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Figure 4.13:
Allowable nodes under the Document node.
Figure 4.14:
Allowable nodes under the Element node.
Figure 4.15:
Allowable nodes under the Attribute node.
- 110 -
Figure 4.16:
Allowable nodes under the EntityReference node.
Figure 4.17
: Allowable nodes under the DocumentType node.
Figure 4.18:
Allowable nodes under the Entity node.
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Figure 4.19:
Allowable nodes under the Notation node.
DOM Applications
You might be wondering why the DOM is needed to display an XML document in a
browser. In fact, the DOM doesn’t always need to be used when accessing XML data. A
Web page that simply wants to display the contents of an XML document can just point
the URL to that page. An XSL stylesheet can be associated with that XML document to
provide a certain view of the data. Also, CSS can be used to render the display of the
XML document. The DOM comes into play from a script when the XML document needs
to be modified or when the script needs access to some of this data. For example, a
script might need to calculate the tax on a given item at an online shopping site. Any
application that requires the manipulation of the data contained within an XML document
needs to use the DOM interfaces.
On the server side, the DOM is used heavily to process XML documents. For example,
the online shopping application included with this book sends an XML document that
represents a client’s order down to the server. The object on the server uses the DOM to
view the contents of this document and then applies the necessary business logic to
complete the transaction.
Another server-side application would be to provide a translation mechanism from legacy
databases to XML (see Figure 4.20). The DOM interfaces can be implemented on top of
this database to make it seem like an XML document to users of this data. In effect, the
users of this database don’t need to know that the data is not natively stored in XML.
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Dolzarb operatsion tizimlar va qobiqlar

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Dolzarb operatsion tizimlar va qobiqlarBog'liq AMV majmua5.3. Dolzarb operatsion tizimlar va qobiqlar.
Operasion tizimlar
— dasturli ta’minotning foydalanuvchi kompyuterda ishlaganda uning
interfeysini aniqlovchi muhim qismidir.
Interfeys foydalanuvchiga nisbatan do’stona munosabatda bo’lishi lozim va bu nuqtai
nazardan foydalanuvchining mashina bilan muloqotining uchta darajasi to’g’risida gapirish
mumkin:
- buyruqli interfeys
– foydalanuvchi operatsion tizimning fayl tizimini va buyruqlarini
yetarlicha bilishi kerak va ularni displey ekranida bor bo’lgan buyruq qatoriga klaviaturadan kirita
bilishi kerak, bunday interfeys bevosita MS DOS tomo
nidan ta’minlanadi;
-
matnli menyu ko’rinishdagi interfeys – foydalanuvchi ko’p sonli menyularda mo’ljal ola
bilishi kerak va bu menyularda kerakli buyruqlar va fayllarni ularning nomlanishi bo’yicha tanlay
bilishi kerak (odatda ingliz tilida), bu tipdagi
interfeys OT ning ko’pgina qobiqlarida, xususan, eng
ommaviy hisoblanadi.
Norton Commander qobig’ida quyidagilar amalga oshiriladi:
-
grafik menyu ko’rinishdagi interfeys – foydalanuvchi ko’p sonli menyularda va
instrumentlar panelida mo’ljal ola bilishi kerak va bu menyularda kerakli buyruqlar va fayllarni,
odatda ularning nomlanishi bo’yicha ko’rsataditan shartli grafik belgilar bo’yicha tanlay bilishi
kerak, bu tipdagi interfeysni grafikli interfeyslar tizimlar (Windows-3.1) va grafik interfeysli
operatsion tizimlari (Windows-95, Windows-NT) tomonidan ishlatiladi.
5.4. Operasion sistemalar.
5.4.1.
Operasion sistemalar to’g’risida tushuncha.
EHM da har qanday masalani yechish, bir tomondan, bajarilishi kerak bo’lgan hamma
amallarning ketma-ketligini belgilaydigan dasturlarni (dasturli vositalar
–software), ikkinchi
tomondan esa, bu amallarni amalga oshirish uchun jalb qilinadigan aniq bir apparatura vositalarini
(protsessor, xotira, displey, printer, klaviatura va b.
–hardware) talab etadi.
EHM apparat vosi
talarini boshqarishning ko’plab jarayonlari ma’lum darajada standart
hisoblanadi va aslini olganda, dasturli vositalarga bog’liq emas. Operasion tizimning (OT) asosiy
vazifasi ayni shu ko’rsatilgan standart, ko’pincha esa juda yetarlicha oddiy jarayonlarni bajarishni
avtomatlashtirishdir.
Hisoblash tizim
ining turli tarkibiy qismlari orasidagi o’zaro aloqani 3.5-rasmda
ko’rsatilganidek tasvirlash mumkin.
Foydalanuvchi nuqtai nazaridan, OT qulay foydalanuvchi interfeysini (EHM ishini
boshqarish uchun buyruqli til va foydalanuvchini zerikarli amallarni bajarishdan ozod qiluvchi
servis xizmatlari to’plami), dasturli muhitni, o’ziga xos "peyzaj"ni (manzarani) shakllantiradi, ular
asosida foydalanuvchining amaliy dasturlari ishlab chiqiladi va ijro etiladi.
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Mikroprotsessorlarni programmalash tillari

5.5. Mikroprotsessorlarni programmalash tillari. MP larni ishlatish uchun quyidagi programmalash tillaridan foydalanish mumkin
[1,2,3,16,19,21].
1. Mashina tili.
2. Assembler tili.
3. Yuqori darajadagi til.
Amaliyotda
yaxshi,
xatosiz
ishlaydigan
programmani
olish
uchun
quyidagi
programmalashtrish vositalari mavjud, ya’ni 5 ta programmalashtirish vositalari bor.
1. Redaktorlovchi programmalar.
2. Translyatsiyalovchi (assembler va kompilyatorlar) programmalar.
3. Yuklovchi programmalar.
4. Modellovchi programmalar.
5. Sozlovchi programmalar.
4.5.1. Mashina tilida programmalashtirish. 4.4-rasm. Mashina tilida mikroE HM ga ma’lumot kiritish. Hamma programmalashtirish tillarining ichida mashina tili ko’proq umumiydir. Bu yerda
programmist mashina funksiyasidagi terminda fikr qilishi kerak. Mashina, bajarayotgan har bir
boshqarishni programmistga ta’minlab beradi. Bunday boshqarish programmaning vaqt bo’yicha
bajarilishini va xotiraga uni talab bo’yicha joylashtirishni optimallashtirib beradi.
5.5.2. Assembler tilida programmalashtirish. Assembler
tilini
ishlatganda
programmistni
MP
dan
assembler
ajratib
turadi. Assembler – bu assembler tilidan mashina tiliga o’tkazuvchi (translyasiya qiluvchi)
vositadir (4.5-rasm).
4.5- rasm. ASSEMBLER tilida mikrosxemaga ma’lumot kiritish. Assembler tilining mashina tilidan afzalligi
shundaki, ya’ni bu tilda programmalash mashina
kodlariga nisbatan oddiy bo’lgan ramziy belgilarda bajariladi.
Bu yerda MP ga qo’shimcha funktsiya yuklanadi ya’ni assembler tilida programma tuzish
hamda programmani saqlash uchun EHM xotirasining hajmini kattalashtirish.
Bu usulda programmalashda umumiy xotiradan samarali foydalanish yomonlashadi, chunki
haqiqiy programma orqali mashina programmaning hammasini boshqarish mumkinchiligi imkoni
bo’lmaydi.
EntityReference - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

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Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersEntityReference.
An EntityReference node (see Figure 4.11) represents a reference to
an entity that is declared in a DTD. For the following XML document, an EntityReference
node is created to represent “&xml;.” This node is inserted as a child of the root Element
node. Figure 4.11 shows how the DOM would expose the following XML document. It
could be argued that the two Text nodes that represent Extensible Markup Language are
the same node. It doesn’t matter in this diagram, because when you reach a NodeList, it
is the Text node that you see in the child list. Also, the Text nodes under
EntityReferences are read-only, rendering the argument meaningless, because you can’t
change the node.
]>
&xml;
Figure 4.11:
Tree model of EntityReference example.
ProcessingInstruction.
A ProcessingInstruction node models a processing instruction,
such as . This node is located as a child of the Document node.
Comment.
A Comment node represents the comment construct .
Comment nodes are inserted in the tree with respect to the XML construct located in
within an XML document.
DocumentFragment.
The DocumentFragment node is a stripped-down version of the
Document node. It’s used as a placeholder when moving nodes around. This node does
not have the full facility of the Document node, because it’s just temporary storage for
nodes that will be reinserted into the tree.
Tree Model Example
The following is a simple example to show the tree representation that would be exposed
through the DOM on an actual piece of XML. (See Figure 4.12.)
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CD Player
199.95
-
Beethoven’s Ninth
13.95
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XML Documents Overview: The Panoramic Perspective

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XML Documents Overview: The Panoramic PerspectiveBog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersXML Documents Overview: The Panoramic Perspective
At the most basic level, XML documents are made of at least one—though usually
many—
entities
. An entity is a flexible information storage unit. Until parsed, XML files are
really just text files, so essentially every XML document is an entity (XML documents can
be made up of many other entities too). However, entities can also be non-XML related.
Any binary file (for example picture, sound, video, or database) can be an entity too.
In levels of abstraction, a document is at the highest level (also called
root level
) and is
referred to as the
document entity
. An XML parser reads a document entity and follows
all references contained therein to piece together the complete document.
Entities that are made of XML syntax contain two parts, the content (raw information, also
- 52 -
called character data) and the XML markup. We briefly touched on what markup was in
Chapter 1
. Markup is information about content that helps us use the content. In XML, the
actual markup serves several purposes:
•
It provides a fairly simple and standardized syntax that XML parsers can use for
resolving the information it describes.
•
The markup provides a rich method of describing the hierarchical structure of the
content by breaking the content information (character data) into chunks called
elements
that in turn are further described by
attributes
. The hierarchical structure of
the entire document is described through the usage of markup.
An XML document can be roughly broken down into three generic sections of markup
collections:
•
Prolog
•
Document Type Definition (optional)
•
Root Element
Each of these sections is further broken down into more detailed structures. Figure 3.2
shows all of these generic markup sections with their subsections. We go into some
detail about all of these in this chapter.
Figure 3.2:
Putting XML documents in perspective: The Panoramic Perspective.
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Entity References - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

Entity References Entity references are pointers to entities. In XML, entities are units of text, where each
unit could be anything from a single character to an entire document or even a reference
to another document. Instead of forcing you to merge all your entities into a single chunk,
entity references allow you to tell the parser where to go to find whatever entities you
want included. The parser then goes to that location, fetches its contents, and stuffs it
into the slot previously used by the entity reference. You could think of entity referencing
as something that enables you to stay object oriented in your approach: Make your
entities your objects and your entity references your pointers. Entity references can point
to both external and internal entities. Internal entities are usually defined in the DTD (see
the entity declarations portion later in this chapter). Figures 3.5 and 3.6 show how
external entity references work.
- 60 -
Figure 3.5: How entity references work—before parsing.
Figure 3.6: How entity references work—after parsing.
One of the most common uses of entity references is to include content that contains
characters that would otherwise confuse the parser. Once again, if you’ve worked a lot
with HTML, you’ve probably already used entity references in the shape of the “<” to
represent the less than sign (<).
For example, say you want to mathematically express that one of us authors is shorter
than the other; Alex is 6’ 2” and Faraz is 6’ 0”. Mathematically that would be:
Faraz < Alex
In XML, you might think to express it like this:
Faraz < Alex
But if you did that, the parser would get upset after reading Faraz because, as we
mentioned before, this isn’t well formed (there is a stray < character). In fact, you’d get an
annoying error message, depending on which parser you are using to read the file, and
- 61 -
wouldn’t be able to do any further processing (take a look at Figure 3.7).
Figure 3.7: Errors occur when you use illegal characters.
There are several ways of getting around this. One way is to use the entity references
built in to XML (expressed in Table 3.3).
XML Concept: Valid XML and Validation

|
XML Concept: Valid XML and ValidationBog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersXML Concept: Valid XML and Validation
Two categories of XML documents exist: those that are
well formed
and those that are
well formed and
valid
. A valid XML document is one whose structure can be checked off
against a Document Type Definition (DTD).
A parser performs two levels of checking on an XML document. After checking for
syntactical correctness (that is, whether the document is well formed) the parser then
checks to see if the document’s contents are structured according to the rules set out in
the DTD.
If the parser can verify that an XML document’s content is in accordance with the rules
specified in the DTD, the document is said to contain valid XML. The process of insuring
that the structure is valid is called—you guessed it—
validation
.
XML Goodie: Unicode Compliance
If you develop a lot of Web pages in languages other than English, you’ll be very happy
to learn that XML is specified to be
Unicode compliant
. Unicode (also called double-byte
characters) is a standard for text in all languages. Normal (ASCII) text uses 8 bits to
represent each character. As a result, it can only represent 256 (2) unique characters.
Unicode, on the other hand, uses 16 bits to represent each character, and is thus able to
represent up to 65,536 (2) characters: virtually enough to represent all characters of all
languages known to humanity (excluding Klingon and a few others).
In terms of writing XML documents, provided you have the right Unicode editor, you can
create your documents in any language with which you are comfortable. XML parsers are
specified to be language independent.
For more information on Unicode in general, check out the Unicode Consortium’s Web
site at
www.unicode.org
.
By default, parsers automatically recognize whether a document is in Unicode. If you
want to include an explicit statement, your XML declaration should include the encoding
= “UTF8” attribute.
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Yuqori darajadagi til - Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti

|
Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakultetiBog'liq AMV majmua
5.5.3. Yuqori darajadagi til.
Bu tilga quyidagilar kiradi: ALGOL, FORTRAN, KOBOL, BEYSIK, RL/1, RL/L2,
PASKAL, KARAT, KLIPPER, DELFI va boshqalar. Bu yuqori tillarning har biri alohida
xususiyatlarga ega va har xil belgilar, funksiyalarga tayanadi. Bularning o’xshashligi shundaki,
ya’ni ularning hammasi tajribasi yo’q dasturchiga o’ziga yaqin bo’lgan professional tilda
programmalashga imkon beradi.
4.6-
pacm. Yuqori darajadagi tilda mikroEHM ga ma’lumot kiritish.
Programma tuzayotganda mashina tiliga ko’proq imtiyoz beriladi. Chunki mashina tilida
xotira registrlarini yacheykalari juda samarali ishlatiladi.
Mashina tilining kamchiliklaridan biri shundaki, ya’ni bu tilda murakkab masalalarni yechish
uchun programma tuzish juda qiyin. Chunki programma bevosita ikkilik kodida tuzilishi va EHM
kiritilishi kerak. Ikkilik kodida bajariladigan amallarni eslab qolish mumkin emas, xatoliklarni
tuzatish xam qiyin.
Assembler tilida mashina tiliga nisbatan programma tuzish oson hamda programma qisqaroq
hajmga ega, uni tuzishga ko’p vaqt ketmaydi. Lekin bu til qo’shimcha xotirani talab etadi, xotira
katakchalari deyarli samarali ishlatilmaydi.
Yuqori darajadagi til esa programmani tez tuzishi bilan ajralib turadi. Bu til qo’shimcha
xotirani talab etadi. Shu bilan birgalikda eng murakkab masalalarni yechaoladi. Bu tilda ishlovchi
EHM ancha qimmat turadi.
Programmalash oddiy tilda va shunga o’xshash belgilar asosida tuziladi. Programmaning
xatolarini xam tuzatish oson.
5.5.4. Assembler tilining tuzilishi.
Assembler tilida tuzilgan programma ketma-ket
so’zlardan yoki operatorlardan tashkil
topgan.
Assembler
tilidagi operator quyidagi to’rtta maydonni o’z ichiga oladi:
1) belgilar maydoni;
2) amallar, buyruqlar maydoni;
3) operandlar maydoni;
4) sharxlash maydoni.
Shu maydonlardan faqatgina amallar maydoni (buyruqlar maydoni) zarur, qolgan
maydonl
ar esa bo’lmasligi ham mumkin.
5.1-jadval
Belgilar
maydoni
Buyruqlar
maydoni
Operandlar
maydoni
Operandlar
maydoni
Sharxlash
maydoni
@, A, B, ..., F
MOVA
B
M1:
MOVA
B
M2:
LDAXH
00
OE
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Figure 4.20 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 113 -
•
Support for datatypes in elements and attributes.
•
Stylesheet transformations from script.
•
Identification of parse errors.
•
Asynchronous XML document downloading capability.
As interesting as some of these features sound, be forewarned that these extensions can
prove to be destructive to your application, because the application only works with the
MSXML parser. A Web page that uses the DOM interfaces could suffer from using
extensions, since those extensions won’t be available in other browsers.
Summary
In this chapter, we went over what the DOM is and why you may want to use it as your
application programming interface. It is important to understand what a node is and how it
interacts with other nodes to form a tree. In this chapter, we presented a conceptual model;
details on how to use the model are discussed at length in the
next chapter
.
Figure 3.4 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 58 -
Both are acceptable and considered well formed.
Attributes
Attributes
are usually small, descriptive bits of information used for describing elements.
Again, if you are familiar with HTML, then the concept of attributes is also familiar. For
example, an attribute of the
element would be
align = "center"
. If you’re
not familiar with HTML, then think of attributes in their literal sense: as adjectives used to
describe nouns (elements).
You can use attributes in several ways to further describe your data. They are contained
within the start tag of an element after the element name (remember the rule from Table
3.1, “no spaces allowed in element names”?—now you know why) and are followed by
an = sign, which is followed by the value of the attribute in quotes (“”). Table 3.2
describes some syntax and interpretations.
Creating XML Documents - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 56 -
first_tag>
Incorrect usage—spaces are not allowed between the forward
slash and element name
Keep in mind that XML is case sensitive. Element names must therefore open and close
with identical cases. For example:
110 Main Street
is not acceptable whereas each of the following examples is acceptable:
110 Main Street
110 Main Street
110 Main Street
Also keep in mind that each of these is treated separately. From a parser’s point of view,
each of these examples is a different type of element.
Figure 4.7 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

|
Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley docBog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersFigure 4.7:
Tree model of Attribute example.
- 105 -
CDATASection.
A CDATASection node is similar to a Text node, but can contain
markup. In other words, special characters such as < and > can be used within the XML
document without being interpreted as tags. This example yields a similar result as the
Text node example, except the node type of the bottommost node is CDATASection
instead of Text (see Figure 4.8). and are left as text and not interpreted as
element tags.
Alex]]>
Figure 4.8:
Tree model of CDATASection example.
DocumentType.
The DocumentType node (see Figure 4.9) represents a small subset of
a Document Type Definition (DTD). Unfortunately, only the and
tags from the DTD are exposed through the DOM. The representation of
only these two nodes is a known limitation of the DOM specification. The DocumentType
node is always a child of the Document node and is, in turn, a parent to a collection of
both Entity nodes and Notation nodes. The following XML document ends up creating a
DocumentType node.
]>
some text
- 106 -
Figure 4.9:
Tree model of DocumentType example.
Entity.
The Entity node (see Figure 4.10) provides a representation of the
tag used in a DTD. This Entity node can be accessed from the parent DocumentType
node. The various properties of the entity, such as the system id, public id, and notation
name, are modeled as Attr nodes and located as children of the Entity node.
Figure 4.10:
Tree model of Entity and Notation example.
Notation.
The Notation node (see Figure 4.10) provides a representation of the
tag used in a DTD. This node is placed at the same level in the tree as
the Entity node, as a child of the DocumentType node. The public id and system id of the
notation are turned into Attr nodes and placed under the Notation node. Figure 4.10
shows how and tags are modeled using nodes. In
Chapter 5
, we show that there is another method to access Entities and Notations.
Although the model shown here is correct, it should be noted that often other ways of
accessing elements could make Figure 4.10 change slightly.
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Windows-NT operatsion tizimi

- ichiga qurilgan tarmoqli yordam berish
– boshqa OT lardan farqli o’laroq u boshidayoq
hisoblash tarmog’ida ishlashni hisobga olib
yaratilgan, shuning uchun foydalanuvchi interfeysiga
fayllar,
qurilmalar v
a ob’ektlarni birgalikda tarmoqli ishlatish vazifalari moslashtirilgan;
-
muhimlik bo’yicha ko’p masalalik, bu yuqoriroq muhimli
ilovalarning quyi muhim
ilovalarni siqib chiqarishiga imkon beradi, xususan, "to’xtab qolgan"
ilovalarni bajarishda
tizimning ishlamay turib qolishini avtomatik bartaraf qilish hisobiga mashina vaqtini yanada
samaraliroq
ishlatish imkonini beradi;
- dasturlarni va foydalanuvchining turli fayllarini ruxsat etilmagan murojaat qilishdan
yetarlicha kuchli
himoya vositasining borligi;
resurslarga ko’p darajali murojaat qilishlarning
borligi, bunda foydalanuvchi murojaat qilish darajalarini ularning
vakolatiga mos ravishda
belgilaydi;
-
bir nechta faylli tizimlarni qo’llab-quvvatlash – Windows ning hamma versiyalari
t
omonidan qo’llab quvvatlanadigan DOS faylli tizimidan tashqari, Windows-NT o’zining shaxsiy
faylli tizimiga (NTFS) ega va OS/2 (High Performance FS) va ixcham-disk (CDFS)
faylli
tizimlarini qo’llab-quvvatlaydi;
- kompyuter platformalarini, shu jumladan mul
’tiprotsessorli hisoblash tizimlarining keng
spektrini qo’llab-quvvatlash.
Windows-
NT OT ning birinchi versiyasi bozorda 1993 yilda paydo bo’ldi, hozirgi vaqtda
esa uning 3.0 va 4.0 versiyalari turli xil tashkilotlar, banklar, sanoat
korxonalari va shaxsiy
foydalanuvchilar to
monidan keng qo’llanilmoqda.
Monitor - Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti

ST (start)
– ko’rsatilgan (topshirilgan) adres bo’yicha amaliy
programmaga boshqarishni
berish;
RVN
– < GE va ST buyruqlarini harakatiga ekvivalent;
R (RUN)
– sistemali programa uchun RVN buyrug’iga ekvivalent;
RE (reenter)
– yuklangan programmani qayta ishga tushirish (restart);
DAT (date)
– ko’rsatilgan kunni (vaqtni) kiritish yoki hozirgi vaqtni chiqarish.
Boshqaruvchi klavishilar yordamida kiritiladigan buyruqlar quyidagi vazifalarni
bajaradilar:
Hozirgi bajarilayotgan programmalarni vaqtincha to’xtatish va boshqarishni monitorga
qaytarish; konsolga (terminalga) ma’lumotlarni
chiqarishni boshlash; navbatdagi buyruqni
bergungacha ma’lumotlarni terminalga chiqarishni to’xtatish; keyingi varaqni (listingni)
chiqarish; hozirgi kiritilayotgan qatorni yo’q qilish; buyruq qatorini bekor qilish; fayl tanlash.
Bir kristalli KR580BM80A mikroprotsessorining komandalar sistemasi

- arifmetik komandalar (14 ta komanda);
- boshqarishni uzatish komandalari (28 ta komanda);
- boshqarish komandalari (7 ta komanda).
Barcha komandalar quyidagi 5 ta jadvalda keltirilgan bơlib, ularda:
Ri va Rk - qabul qiluvchi va uzatuvchi registrlar (B, C, D, E, H, L, xamda
adresi HL juftlikda kơrsatilgan xotira yacheykasi – M); data - 8 razryadli
ma`lumot; data 16 - 16 razryadli ma`lumot; addr - 16 razryadli adres; R - 8 razryadli
registr (B, C, D, E, H, L, xamda adresi HL juft
likda kơrsatilgan xotira yacheykasi –
M); 2R - registr juftliklari (B, D, H, ayrim xollarda SP, PC); (XX) - adresi XX
bo’lgan xotira yacheykasidagi ma`lumot; port - interfeys portining adresi.
ADD, ADC, ADI, ACI, DAD -
Qơshish, SUB, SBB, SUI, SBI - Ayirish,
INR, INX - Inkrement (bittaga oshirish), DCR, DCX - Dekrement (bittaga
kamaytirish), DAA -
Ơnlik korreksiya, JMP - Shartsiz ơtish, CALL -
Podprogrammani chaqirish, RET - Podprogrammadan qaytish, JC -
Shartli ơtish, CC
-
Shart bơyicha podprogrammani chaqirish, RET - Podprogrammadan qaytish.
Texnik nuqtai nazardan OT

OT ning "do’stonaligi" quyidagini bildiradi, u foydalanuvchiga amaliy dasturlarni bajarish
j
arayonida kerakli servisni ta’minlaydi va dasturlovchiga dasturlarni ishlab chiqish va sozlash
uchun hamda ma’lumotlarni saqlash, o’zgartirish, aks ettirish va nusxalash uchun qulay shart-
sharoitlarni ta’minlaydi.
SHK lar uchun quyidagi OT turlari keng tarqalgan:
MS DOS - IVM RS AT va XT SHK lari uchun;
OS/2 - IVM RS/2 va 80386 va undan yuqori MP li IBM RS AT SHK lari uchun;
UNIX
– 32-razryadli IVM RS/2 va 80386 va undan yuqori MP li IVM RS AT SHK lari
uchun;
Windows-95
– 32-razryadli, 80386 va undan yuqori MP li IVM RS AT SHK lari uchun;
Windows NT
– 32-razryadli, 80486 va undan yuqori MP li IBM RS AT SHK lari uchun.
OS/2 operasion tizimi - Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti

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Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakultetiBog'liq AMV majmuaOS/2 operasion tizimi.
OS/2 (Oregating Sistem/2) bitta foydalanuvchili ko’p masalali OT
dir, bir tomonlama (MS DOS
àOS/2) MS DOS bilan dasturli kelishadigan hamda 80286 va undan
yuqori MP bilan ishlash uchun (IVM RS AT va RS/2 SHK) mo’ljallangan. OS bir vaqtning o’zida
16 tagacha dasturni bajarishi mumkin (ularning har biri o’zining xotira segmentida), lekin ularning
ichida faqat bi
ttasi MS DOS uchun tayyorlangan bo’ladi.
0S/2 ning muhim xususiyatlari quyidagilardir:
-
foydalanuvchining ko’p oynachalik interfeysining borligi;
- qiymatlar bazasi tizimi bilan ishlash uchun dasturli interfeyslarning borligi;
- lokal hisoblash tarmoqlarida ishlash uchun samarali dasturli interfeyslarning borligi.
OS/2 siimi 16 Mbayt gacha bo’lgan tabiiy TX ni va har bir masalaga 512 Mbayt gacha
bo’lgan virtual xotirani qo’llab-quvvatlaydi.
OS/2 ning kamchiliklariga birinchi navbatda quyidagilar xosdir:
yu
qori resurslar sig’imi; 80286 va undan yuqori MP; 1.5 Mbayt dan kam bo’lmagan
sig’imli tezkor xotira; qattiq diskdagi yig’uvchi hozirgi vaqtga kelib ishlab chiqilgan dasturli
ilovalar (ADT) hajmining nisbatan katta emasligi.
UNIX operatsion tizimi. UNIX
– ko’p foydalanuvchili, ko’p masalali OT bo’lib, u
dasturlarni va turli foydalanuvchilarning fayllarini yetarlicha va kuchli himoya qilish vositalarini
o’z ichiga oladi.
UNIX OT dasturlarining ko’p qismi Si tilida yozilgan (DOS va OS/2 dagi kabi assemblerda
emas) va mashinaga bog’liq emasdir, bu OT ning yuqori harakatchanligini va amaliy dasturlarni
universal EHM ga, mini EHM ga va turlicha arxitekturali SHK larga osongina o’tkazishni
ta’minlaydi. UNIX oilasidagi OT ning muhim xususiyati uning modulliligi va keng servisli
dasturlar to’plami bo’lib, ular foydalanuvchi-dasturlovchilar uchun qulay operasion vaziyatni
yaratishni ta’minlaydi (ya’ni bu tizim amaliy dasturlovchilar mutaxassisligi uchun alohida
samaralidir).
UNIX ierarxik faylli struktura, virtual xot
ira, ko’p oynali interfeys, ko’p protsessorli
tizimlar, ko’p foydalanuvchili qiymatlar bazasini boshqarish tizimi, bir jinsli bo’lmagan hisoblash
tarmoqlarini qo’llab-quvvatlaydi.
UNIX ning kamchiligi
– katta resurslar sig’imi va bu SHK asosidagi ko’p foydalanuvchilar
tizimi uchun ko’pincha ortiqcha bo’ladi.
TDT dasturlarini yuqorida keltirilgan 4 ta guruhga bo’linishi yetarlicha shartlidir, negaki
rivojlangan operatsion tizimlar odatda o’zining tarkibiga murakkab bo’lmagan servisli dasturli
vositalarni va
hattoki texnik xizmat ko’rsatish tizimi elementlarini ham oladi.
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Belgilar maydoni - Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti

Belgilar maydoni berilgan operandning simvolik ismini yozish uchun kerak. Simvolik ism
programmaning boshqa bir operatorida shu operatorga murojaat qilish kerak bo’lsagina kerak
bo’ladi.
Simvolik ism sifatida alfavit, rakam ketma-ketligidan tuzilgan ishoralarni (belgilarni)
ishlatish mumkin. Eng yuqori uzunlikdagi ism har xil assembler tillarida har xildir va odat
bo’yicha 8 ta ishoradan oshmasligi kerak.
Belgiga bittadan to’rttagacha yoki 8 tagacha bo’lgan ishoralarni ishlatish mumkin.
@ , ? A, V............ 2, 0 ... 9.
Belgining birinchi ishorasi harf yoki @ (?)
lar bo’lishi kerak. Misol: A V S
@:
@ 00 1 :
AV:
? A 1 1 S :
Amallar maydoni. (buyruqlar maydoni)
– operatorlar bajaradigan amallarni mnemonik
harflar bilan
yozilishini o’z ichiga oladi.
Mnemonik yozishda belgilar soni amallarning turiga qarab bitta harfdan boshlab bir
nechtagacha (tilga bog’lik holda) bo’lishi mumkin.
Misol: LAV: MOV A,V
belgi amal operand
buyruq kodi
LAB: RAR
?B11C: LDA 1111H
Operandlar maydoni – bitta yoki bir nechta operandlarga ajratilgan. Operandlar bir nechta
bo’lsa, ular bir-biridan vergul bilan ajratiladi. Operandlar sifatida sonlar, simvolik ism va ifoda
bo’lishi mumkin. Ifodada arifmetik ishoralar ishlatilishi mumkin. O’zgarmas sonlar o’n oltilik,
o’nlik, sakkizlik, yoki ikkilikda bo’lishi mumkin.
Masalan, o’nlik 27 sonini har xil ko’rinishda keltirishga misollar:
— o’n oltilikda 1 V N ( 1 V N =1*16
1
+V*16
0
=1*16+11*1=27)
— o’nlikda 27 D yoki 27
— sakkizlikda 33 0 yoki 33 Q
— ikkilikda 11011B yoki MVIB:22N ma’nosi V registriga o’n oltilikda 22 sonini
ko’chirilsin.
STA 32841D
– Akkumulyatordagi qiymat o’nlik sonidagi 32841 adresda eslab qolinsin.
IN 62Q
– Sakkizlikdagi 62 kanalni qiymati kiritilsin. Tekstli belgilar (simvollar). Tekstli belgilar
bittalik opostroflarning orasiga olingan bitta yoki bir qancha ishoralardan tuzilgan. Misol:
'A'
– bitta tekstli belgi.
'AV' "S+D'
– tekstli belgilar ketma-ketligi.
Ifoda. Ifoda quyidagi operatorlar bilan bog’liq bo’lgan I – ILI, o’zgarmas simvollardan
tuzilgan. Ifodalarni hisoblaganda amallar quyidagi ketma-
ketlik bo’yicha bajariladi.
1) qavsdagi ifodalar;
2) *, F, MOD, SHL, SNR;
3) +, - ;
4) NOT;
5) AND;
6) OR; XOR.
Ifodalarga misollar:
(A+V)F2 AND 11V+17;
'A' AND 77Q.
Bu yerda:
MOD
– bo’lingandan keyin qolgan qoldiq.
NOT
– razryad bo’yicha inkor etish.
AND
– razryad bo’yicha I.
OR
– razryad bo’yicha ILI.
XOR
– razryad bo’yicha chiqarib tashlash.
SHL
– chapga surish.
SHR
– o’nga surish.
Interaktiv va qurilgan SQL

51
Sonli ma‟lumot toifalari SQL standartida
quyidagi son toifalarida
ishlatiladi.
INTEGER –
butun sonlar uchun - 2
-31
….2
31
;
SMOLLINT –
butun sonlar 2
-15
…2
15
;
DECIMAL (aniqlik[masshtab]) – fiksirlangan nuqtali son. Aniqlik
sondagi qiymatli raqamlar masshtab. Unli nuqtadan undagi raqamlarning
maksimal sonini ko`rsatadi;
So’fiylik ta’limotida qanday sifatlar komil insonni tavsiflaydi ?

166 So’fiylik ta’limotida qanday sifatlar komil insonni tavsiflaydi ?
Dono, oqil, pоk niyat
Jasur, sahiy, dono
Insonparvar, sahovatli, mehnatkash
Dono, mehnatkash, jasur
167 Abu Rayhon Beruniyning asarlari qaysi javobda to’g’ri berilgan?
«Minerologiya», «Geodeziya», «Hindiston», «Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar», «Saydana»
«Baxt-saodatga erishuv to’g’risida», «Geodeziya», «Hindiston», «Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar», «Saydana»
-«Minerologiya», «Geodeziya», «Fozil odamlar shahri», «Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar», «Saydana»
«Minerologiya», «Geodeziya», «Hindiston», «Qadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar», «Quyosh soatlari to’g’risida»
168 Abu Ali ibn Sinoning asarlari qaysi javobda to’g’ri berilgan?
«Tadbir al-Manozil», «Tib qonunlari» «Axloq haqida risola», «Burch haqida risola», «Al-konun», «Ishq hakida risola», «Xay ibn-Yakzon», «Donishnoma»
«Tadbir al-Manozil», «Hindiston», «Axloq haqida risola», «Burch haqida risola», «Al-konun», «Ishq hakida risola», «Xay ibn-Yakzon», «Donishnoma»
«Tadbir al-Manozil», «Tib qonunlari» «Baxt-saodatga erishuv to’g’risida», «Burch haqida risola», «Al-konun», «Ishq hakida risola», «Xay ibn-Yakzon», «Donishnoma»
«Tadbir al-Manozil», «Tib qonunlari» «Axloq haqida risola», «Geodeziya», «Al-konun», «Ishq hakida risola», «Xay ibn-Yakzon», «Donishnoma»
169 Ahmad Yugnakiyning “Hibat ul-haqoyiq” asarida qanday sifatlar tarannum etiladi?
Bilimning ahamiyati, jaholatning zarari, til odobi, dunyoning foniyligi, saxovat va baxillik, kamtarlik hamda axloqlilikning eng muxim xususiyatlari tarannum etiladi
Kasbning ahamiyati, jaholatning zarari, so’zlashish odobi, dunyoning foniyligi, saxovat va baxillik, kamtarlik hamda axloqlilikning eng muxim xususiyatlari tarannum etiladi
Bilimning ahamiyati, jaholatning zarari, til odobi, dunyoning foniyligi, vatanparvarlik hamda axloqlilikning eng muxim xususiyatlari tarannum etiladi
Boylikning ahamiyati, jaholatning zarari, til odobi, dunyoning foniyligi, saxovat va sabrlilik, kamtarlik hamda axloqlilikning eng muxim xususiyatlari tarannum etiladi
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IV. Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar

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IV. Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
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bet | 43/65 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,52 Mb. | | #100105 |
Bog'liq 7-sinf-informatika-dars-ishlanmasiIV. Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar:
1. Internet deganda nimani tushunasiz?
2. Internetning yaratilishiga sabab bo'lgan birinchi kompyuter tarmog'i haqida so'zlab bering.
3. Internetda axborot uzatish protokoli deganda nimani tushunasiz?
V. Uyga vazifa:
Tekshirdim:
O`quv ishlari bo`yicha dirеktor o`rinbosari:_________________
24-Mavzu: Nazorat ishi
Darsning maqsadi Axborotli olam muammalari va internet haqida o`quvchilara tushuncha berish va unda amallar bajarishni takrorlash
Darsning ta’limiy vazifasi: o‘quvchilarga Axborotli olam muammalari va internet haqida tushunchalar berish nazariy topshiriqlar orqali bilim berish va ko’nikmalar hosil qilish.
Darsning tarbiyaviy vazifasi: o’quvchilarni yangi bilimlar egallashga va tartib-intizomga doimo rioya etishga hamda dizaynlik kasbiga yo’naltirish.
Darsning rivojlantiruvchi vazifasi: o‘quvchilarning kompyuterdan foydalanish haqidagi bilim va tasavvurlarini kengaytirish.
Kompetensiya:
TK1-kommunikativ kompetensiya
2 TK2-axborot bilan ishlash kompetensiyasi
3 TK3-o‘zini-o‘zi rivojlantirish kompetensiyasi
Dars uslubi: : Guruhlarda ishlash, tushunchalar tahlili
Dars jihozi: Darslik, kompyuter,
Darsning borishi:
№
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Dars bosqichlari
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Vaqti
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1
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Tashkiliy qism
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2 minut
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2
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O`tgan o`quv yilida o`tilganlarni takrorlash va baholash
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15 minut
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3
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Yangi mavzuning mazmunini ochish va xulosalar chiqarish
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25 minut
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5
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Uyga vazifa va topshiriqlar
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3 minut
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I. Tashkiliy qism - Axborot tushunchasi va bilish haqida darsning maqsadi

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Axborot tushunchasi va bilish haqida darsning maqsadi
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bet | 44/65 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,52 Mb. | | #100105 |
Bog'liq 7-sinf-informatika-dars-ishlanmasiI. Tashkiliy qism: 1.Salomlashish.
2.Yo'qlama qilish.
3.Uyga vazifani so'rash.
II. Takrorlash:
Axborot texnologiyasi dcganda nimani tushunasiz?
Axborot texnologiyasining tashqi omillariga misol keltiring.
Agar kompyuterlar tarmoqqa birlashtirilmasa, ular qandayusulda axborot almashinadi?
III. Yangi mavzuni o`rganish: 1-variant
1. Sanoq sistemalariga oid topshiriqni bajaring.
a) 10001012 – (1*25+1*23+1*21)→ X10
b) Sonlarni kamayish tartibida joylashtiring: 728, 6410, 3816
2. Print Screen klavishi va Paint dasturi yordamida MS Word dasturi interfeysidan uskunalar paneli rasmini “qirqib” oling va “MS Word dasturi uskunalari” nomi bilan saqlang.
3. Ikkilik sanoq sistemasidagi sonlarni o‘nlik sanoq sistemasida va aksincha tasvirlash haqida ma’lumot bering.
2-variant
1. Sanoq sistemalariga oid topshiriqni bajaring.
a) 1112 * (1*24+1*23+1*21+1*20)→ X10
b) O‘tkazishni bajaring: ABEBA16→ X2
2. 120 kilobaytli hujjatni sekundiga 512 bayt uzatish tezligiga ega bo‘lgan tarmoq
orqali uzatish uchun ketadigan vaqtni minutlarda aniqlang.
Kompyuter tarmoqlari haqida ma’lumot bering.
3-variant
1. Sanoq sistemalariga oid topshiriqni bajaring.
a) 11111012 + (1*26+1*23+1*21+1*20)→ X10
b) Sonlarni o‘sish tartibida joylashtiring: 128∙910 ,78∙A16, 1000002
2. 4 Gbayt axborot 64 sekundda uzatilgan bo‘lsa, axborot uzatish tezligini minutlarda aniqlang.
3.Axborot texnologiyalari haqida ma’lumot bering.
4-variant
1. Sanoq sistemalariga oid topshiriqni bajaring.
a) 10010102 - (1*25+1*23+1*20)→ X10
b) O‘tkazishni bajaring: 1BADBA16→ X2
2. Word dasturi haqida ma’lumot bering.
3. Windows operatsion sistemasi kalkulyatori haqida ma’lumot bering.
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