nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
S. The modeling of the structure and IR spectra of 2-benzylphenol by DFT method

12S. The modeling of the structure and IR spectra of 2-benzylphenol by DFT method
S.N. Firsunin1*, L.M. Babkov1, N. A. Davydova2 1Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, 2Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
13S. Molecular modeling of graphene oxide supramolecular interaction with drugs and biomolecules
Anatoly Naumov, Inna Plastun, Andrey Bokarev, Alexander Zakharov; Yuri Gagarin Saratov State Technical Universityf, Saratov Russia
14S. Analysis of sedum maximum (l.) HOFFM. and sedum telephium l. flavonoid-containing extracts antioxidant activity based on in vivo experiment and molecular modeling
Plastun V.O.1, Plastun I.L.2, Bokarev A.N.2, Naumov A.A.2, Zaharov A.A.2, Durnova N.A.1,
1 V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University
2 Yuri Gagarin Saratov State Technical University
15S. Manifestation of fermi resonance in raman spectra of micellar aqueous solutions of sodium salts of monobasic carboxylic acids
I. V. Plastinin1, S. A. Burikov1,2, T. A. Dolenko1,2, O. E. Sarmanova1, S. A. Dolenko2
1Moscow State University, Moscow
2Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow
|
other grids and coordinates

96 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate system
The Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System (UTM), like latitude and lon-
gitude, is used to pinpoint locations on the earth. The UTM grid was developed by
the U.S. Army in the 1940s and is based on the transverse Mercator projection. The
system divides the earth into 60 zones that are 6° of longitude wide. Each zone is
centered on a meridian. The zones are numbered from 1 to 60 beginning at 180° and
going eastward. Thus, Zone 1 goes from 180° to 174°W and is centered on 177°W
(Figure 6.5).
Each longitude zone is divided into 20 latitude zones. Each of these zones is 8°
from north to south. Latitude zones begin at 80°S and extend to 84°N. The last zone
is extended 4° so that the northern-most lands are covered. The latitude zones are
given letters beginning with “C” in the south and continuing to “X” in the north.
The letters “I” and “O” are not used because they can be confused with the num-
bers one and zero. “A,” “B,” “Y,” and “Z” are used for portions of the Antarctic
and Arctic areas. The grids formed are referred to by the longitude number and the
latitude letter with longitude first. Thus, Los Angeles is in Zone 11S and New York
is in Zone 18T.
A place on earth is pinpointed by the longitude zone and an
easting and
northing
coordinate pair. Easting is the distance of the point from the central meridian of the
longitude zone and northing is the distance of the point from the equator. Distances
are in meters.
state Plane Coordinate system
The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) shown in Figure 6.6 is widely used
by state and local governments and is considered more accurate than the UTM sys-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
126°W 120° 114° 108° 102° 96° 90°
84°
78°
72°
66°W
T
S
R
RRS spectroscopy of methylsubstituted porphyrins

RRS spectroscopy of methylsubstituted porphyrins
Vladimir Nechaev1, Kirill Berezin2 , Konstantin Dvoretskiy3, , Anna Novoselova2, Anatolij Likhter4,
1Saratov State Technical University of, Russia
2Saratov State University, Russia,
3Saratov State Medical University, Russia
4Astrakhan State University, Russia,
12.15-12.30
Application of IR spectroscopy and the method of the density functional theory for estimating the relative content of oleic and linoic acid triglicerides in a mixture of olive oil and sunflower seed oil
Berezin Kirill1, Konstantin Dvoretskiy2, Anna Novoselova1, Vladimir Nechaev3, Anatolij Likhter4,
Ilmira Shagautdinova4, Ekaterina Antonova4, Aleksej Rybakov4, Oksana Grechuhina4, Vladimir Smirnov4, Ravil Arykbaev4,
1Saratov State University, Russia,
2Saratov State Medical University, Russia
3Saratov State Technical University of, Russia
4Astrakhan State University, Russia
12.30-12.45
|
Synthesis of the alloyed CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots

|
Synthesis of the alloyed CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots
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bet | 62/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Synthesis of the alloyed CdZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots Pavel Strokin, Saratov State University, Russia Daniil Drozd, Saratov State University, Russia Irina Goryacheva, Saratov State University, Russia
Color of polydispersion mixtures of gold nanorods Yuliya D. Gudova, Alexander A. Skaptsov, Saratov State University, Russia
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of organoluminophores adsorbed on quartz surfaces modified by hydrosols of silver and gold nanoparticles Andrey Zyubin, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia Karina Matveeva, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia Ilia Samusev, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russia
|
| |
Table of contents Organizers - bet 57

September 26, Thursday
ORAL SESSION NANOBIOPHOTONICS
(Building 9, Conference Hall)
Chair:
Nikolai G. Khlebtsov, IBPPM RAS,
Saratov State University, Russia
14.30 – 14.45
Nonlinear optical bleaching of a monolayer of Au plasmonic coupled nanoparticles and percolation-like films with nanoslits
Vladimir Kaydashev, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russia Piero Ferrari, KULeuven,
Belgium Pavel Timoshenko, Southern Federal University, Russia Mikhail Shestakov, KULeuven, Belgium Ewald Janssens, KULeuven,
Belgium Peter Lievens, KULeuven, Belgium Evgeni Kaidashev, Southern Federal University, Russia
14.45 – 15.00
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from gold nanorods as a function of aspect ratio and shape
Boris N. Khlebtsov, IBPPM RAS, Saratov, Russia
15.00 – 15.15
The approbation of boron-doped nanodiamonds as an agent for local hyperthermia in bio tissue
A.M. Vervald,
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, S. A. Burikov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia I.I. Vlasov, A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia E. A. Ekimov, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk, Russia O.A. Shenderova, Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc., , NC, US, T.A. Dolenko Moscow State University, Moscow,
AlBeRs eQUAl-AReA conIc - Tyner indb

228 aPPenDiCes
steReogRAPhIc
Classification
Azimuthal; conformal; perspective.
Graticule
Polar aspect.
Meridians: equally spaced, straight lines intersecting at the
central pole.
Parallels: unequally spaced, concentric circles centered on the
pole. Opposite pole cannot be shown.
Scale
True only at center.
Distortion
Only the center is distortion-free.
Usage
For topographic maps of polar regions.
Other
All great or small circles show as circles or straight lines. Can be used in
polar, equatorial, or oblique aspects.
oRthogRAPhIc
Classification
Azimuthal; perspective; neither conformal nor equal area.
Graticule
Polar aspect.
Meridians: equally spaced, straight lines intersecting at the
central pole.
Parallels: unequally spaced circles centered at the pole; spacing
decreases away from the central pole. Only one hemisphere can be shown.
Scale
True only at the center.
Distortion
Only the center is distortion-free.
Usage
Pictorial views of the earth and the moon.
Other
Has the look of a globe. Can be used in polar, equatorial, or oblique
aspects.
Optical clearing of skin tissue using iohexol (omnipaque)

|
Optical clearing of skin tissue using iohexol (omnipaque)
|
bet | 56/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Optical clearing of skin tissue using iohexol (omnipaque)
Berezin Kirill 1, Konstantin Dvoretskiy2, Anna Novoselova 1, Vladimir Nechaev 3, Anatolij Likhte 4r, Ilmira Shagautdinova 4, Ekaterina Antonova4, Aleksej Rybakov 4, Nikolaj Vybornov 4, Nadezhda Emel'yanova 4, Vladimir Smirnov4 Valerij Tuchin 1
1Saratov State University, Russia,
2Saratov State Medical University, Russia
3Saratov State Technical University of, Russia
4Astrakhan State University, Russia
12.45 - 13.00
BIological appliation of laser-induced breakdown FND Raman spectroscopy
Qingyu Lin
Sichuan university, China
Conference on
Nanobiophotonics XV
Chair: Nikolai G. Khlebtsov, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the RAS, Saratov State University
Secretary: Timofey E. Pylaev, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the RAS
|
| |
bunzip2 HackersArise.* - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

98
Chapter 9
Creating Bit-by-Bit or Physical Copies of Storage Devices
Within the world of information security and hacking, one Linux archiving
command stands above the rest in its usefulness. The
dd
command makes
a bit-by-bit copy of a file, a filesystem, or even an entire hard drive. This
means that even deleted files are copied (yes, it’s important to know that
your deleted files may be recoverable), making for easy discovery and
recovery. Deleted files will not be copied with most logical copying utili-
ties, such as
cp
.
Once a hacker has owned a target system, the
dd
command will allow
them to copy the entire hard drive or a storage device to their system. In
addition, those people whose job it is to catch hackers—namely, forensic
investigators—will likely use this command to make a physical copy of the
hard drive with deleted files and other artifacts that might be useful for
finding evidence against the hacker.
It’s critical to note that the
dd
command should not be used for typical
day-to-day copying of files and storage devices because it is
very slow; other
commands do the job faster and more efficiently. It is, though, excellent
when you need a copy of a storage device without the filesystem or other
logical structures, such as in a forensic investigation.
The basic syntax for the
dd
command is as follows:
dd if=
inputfile
of=
outputfile
So, if you wanted to make a physical copy of your flash drive, assuming
the flash drive is sdb (we’ll discuss this designation more in Chapter 10),
you would enter the following:
kali >
cat /etc/snort/snort.conf | grep mysql

|
cat /etc/snort/snort.conf | grep mysqlBog'liq linuxbasicsforhackerscat /etc/snort/snort.conf | grep mysql
include $RULE_PATH/mysql.rules
#include $RULE_PATH/server-mysql.rules
You should see that the
grep
command found two occurrences of mysql.
Let’s say you want
sed
to replace every occurrence of mysql with MySQL
(remember, most of Linux is case sensitive) and then save the new file
to snort2.conf. You could do this by entering the command shown in
Listing 2-6.
kali >
sed s/mysql/MySQL/g /etc/snort/snort.conf > snort2.conf
Listing 2-6: Using
sed
to find and replace keywords or phrases
The
s
command performs the substitution: you first give the term you
are searching for (mysql ) and then the term you want to replace it with
(MySQL), separated by a slash (
/
). The
g
flag tells Linux that you want
the replacement performed globally. Then the result is saved to a new file
named snort2.conf.
Now, when you use
grep
with snort2.conf to search for mysql, you’ll see
that no instances were found, but when you search for MySQL, you’ll see
two occurrences.
kali >
cat snort2.conf | grep MySQL
include $RULE_PATH/MySQL.rules
#include $RULE_PATH/server-MySQL.rules
If you wanted to replace only the first occurrence of the term mysql, you
would leave out the trailing
g
option.
kali >
sed s/mysql/MySQL/ snort.conf > snort2.conf
You can also use the
sed
command to find and replace any specific occur-
rence of a word rather than all occurrences or just the first occurrence. For
instance, if you want to replace only the second occurrence of the word
mysql, simply place the number of the occurrence (in this case, 2) at the
end of the command:
kali >
|
| |
Compressing with gzip - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Compressing and Archiving
97
kali >
gunzip HackersArise.*
Once uncompressed, the file is no longer saved with the
.tar.gz exten-
sion but with the
.tar extension instead. Also, notice that it has returned to
its original size of 40,960 bytes. Try doing a long list to confirm this.
Compressing with bzip2
Another of the other widely used compression utilities in Linux is
bzip2
,
which works similarly to
gzip
but has better compression ratios, mean-
ing that the resulting file will be even smaller. You can compress your
HackersArise.tar file by entering the following:
kali >
bzip2 HackersArise.*
When you do a long listing, you can see that
bzip2
has compressed the
file down to just 2,081 bytes! Also note that the file extension is now
.tar.bz2.
To uncompress the compressed file, use
bunzip2
, like so:
kali >
T E X T M A N I P U L AT I O N - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

20
Chapter 2
N O T E
If the version of Kali Linux you’re using doesn’t come preinstalled with Snort, you
can download the files from the Kali repository by entering
apt-get install snort
.
Viewing Files
As demonstrated in Chapter 1, the most basic text display command is
probably
cat
, but it has its limitations. Use
cat
to display the Snort config
file (
snort.conf ) found in
/etc/snort (see Listing 2-1).
kali >
cat /etc/snort/snort.conf
Listing 2-1: Displaying
snort.conf
in the terminal window
Your screen should now display the entire
snort.conf file, which will
stream until it comes to the end of the file, and should look something like
the following code. This isn’t the most convenient or practical way to view
and work with this file.
#-------------------------------------------------
# VRT Rule Packages Snort.conf
#
# For more information visit us at:
# HYPERLINK “http://www.snort.org/” http://www.snort.org Snort Website
--
snip
--
# event thresholding or suppressions commands...
kali >
In the following two sections, I will show you the
head
and
tail
com-
mands, which are two methods for displaying just part of a file’s content
in order to more easily view the key content.
mv newfile newfile2 - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

|
L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t hBog'liq linuxbasicsforhackersmv newfile newfile2
kali >
ls
oldfile newfile2
Now when you list (
ls
) that directory, you see newfile2 but not newfile,
because it has been renamed. You can do the same with directories.
Removing a File
To remove a file, you can simply use the
rm
command, like so:
kali >
rm newfile2
If you now do a long listing on the directory, you can confirm that the
file has been removed.
Removing a Directory
The command for removing a directory is similar to the
rm
command for
removing files but with
dir
(for directory) appended, like so:
kali >
rmdir newdirectory
rmdir:failed to remove 'newdirectory': Directory not empty
It’s important to note that
rmdir
will not remove a directory that is not
empty, but will give you a warning message that the “directory is not empty,”
as you can see in this example. You must first remove all the contents of the
directory before removing it. This is to stop you from accidentally deleting
objects you didn’t intend to delete.
If you do want to remove a directory and its content all in one go, you
can use the
-r
switch after
rm
, like so:
kali >
rm -r newdirectory
Just a word of caution, though: be wary of using the
-r
option with
rm
,
at least at first, because it’s very easy to remove valuable files and directories
by mistake. Using
rm -r
in your home directory, for instance, would delete
every file and directory there—probably not what you were intending.
Getting Started with the Basics
17
Go Play Now!
Now that you have some basic skills for navigating around the filesystem,
you can play with your Linux system a bit before progressing. The best way
to become comfortable with using the terminal is to try out your newfound
skills right now. In subsequent chapters, we will explore farther and deeper
into our hacker playground.
E XERCISES
Before you move on to Chapter 2, try out the skills you learned from this chapter
by completing the following exercises:
1. Use the
ls
command from the root (
/
) directory to explore the directory
structure of Linux. Move to each of the directories with the
cd
command
and run
pwd
to verify where you are in the directory structure.
2. Use the
whoami
command to verify which user you are logged in as.
3. Use the
locate
command to find wordlists that can be used for password
cracking.
4. Use the
cat
command to create a new file and then append to that file.
Keep in mind that
>
redirects input to a file and
>>
appends to a file.
5. Create a new directory called
hackerdirectory
and create a new file in
that directory named
hackedfile
. Now copy that file to your
/root
directory
and rename it
secretfile
.
|
| |
find / -type f -name apache2 - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

12
Chapter 1
file
apache2 has an extension, such as
apache2.conf, the search will
not find a
match. We can remedy this limitation by using
wildcards, which enable us to
match multiple characters. Wildcards come in a few different forms:
*
.
,
?
and
[]
.
Let’s look in the
/etc directory for all files that begin with
apache2 and
have any extension. For this, we could write a
find
command using the fol-
lowing wildcard:
kali >
fIgURe 12.8 - Tyner indb

fIgURe 12.8.
Newspaper map “before.”
Putting it all Together 221
excessive distortion in any feature—it looks good. It has also become a commonly
used world projection in classrooms and school atlases, replacing the Mercator. The
compass rose, which, as we have seen, is more appropriate to navigation charts, is a
major difficulty. Many of the state standards specifically mention the direction indi-
cator as one of the necessary elements of a map. Maps in workbooks and textbooks
include compass roses even on conics or the Robinson, which has curved meridians.
Of course, parallels and meridians are the best orientation indicators, but the cartog-
rapher could be required to place a compass rose on the map by the publisher. If this
Legend
Icecap &
Tundra
Tropical &
Subtropical
Desert
N
W
E
S
Selected Ecoregions
fIgURe 12.9.
School workbook map “before.”
Selected
Ecoregions
Icecap &
Tundra
Tropical &
Subtropical
Desert
Equator
0°
30°
60°
30°
60°
0°
30°
60°
90°
120°
150°
East
West
North
South
30°
60°
90°
120°
150°
fIgURe 12.10.
School workbook map “after.”
222 CRiTiQUe OF MaPs
is absolutely required, the least misleading place to put the rose is where a straight
meridian crosses a straight parallel and a less ornate rose could be used.
conclUsIons
For any given set of data, as we have seen throughout this book, there are many pos-
sible cartographic representations. The representations vary because of the audience,
format, purpose, the symbols chosen, the data manipulation and categorization, the
software used, and the map maker’s aesthetic sense. Representations also vary based
on standards and requirements of agencies and companies that publish maps.
It is hoped that the reader takes away from this book an appreciation of the
importance of design as a decision-making process and that he or she will not take
that process lightly and simply select default options.
aPPenDiCes
|
Appendix A
Commonly Used Projections
meRcAtoR

226 aPPenDiCes
Graticule
Meridians: central meridian is a straight line one-half as long as the equator.
Meridians 90° east and west of the central meridian form a circle; others
form semiellipses.
Parallels: unequally spaced, straight, parallel lines, per-
pendicular to the central meridian.
Scale
True along 40°N and S; constant along any given latitude.
Distortion
Severe near the outer meridians at high latitudes.
Usage
World atlas maps, especially thematic maps.
Other
Also called homolographic; often used in interrupted form.
eckeRt IV
Classification
Pseudocylindrical; equal area.
Graticule
Meridians: central meridian is a straight line one-half the length of the
equator; others are equally spaced semiellipses.
Parallels: unequally spaced,
straight, parallel lines; perpendicular to the central meridian; widest spacing
is near the equator. Poles are lines one-half the length of the equator.
Scale
True along 40°30
′; constant along any given latitude.
Distortion
Distortion-free at 40°30
′N and S at central meridian.
Usage
Thematic and other world maps in atlases and textbooks.
ps aux | grep apache2 - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

14
Chapter 1
When you press
enter
, Linux will go into
interactive mode and wait for
you to start entering content for the file. This can be puzzling because
the prompt disappears, but if you simply begin typing, whatever you enter
will go into the file (in this case,
hackingskills). Here, I entered
Hacking
is the most valuable skill set of the 21st century!
. To exit and return to
the prompt, I press
ctrl
-D. Then, when I want to see what’s in the file
hackingskills, I enter the following:
kali >
Manipulating the Domain Name System

34
Chapter 3
kali >
dig hackers-arise.com ns
--
snip--
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;hackers-arise.com. IN NS
;; ANSWER SECTION:
hackers-arise.com. 5 IN NS ns7.wixdns.net.
hackers-arise.com. 5 IN NS ns6.wixdns.net.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns6.wixdns.net. 5 IN A 216.239.32.100
--
snip--
Listing 3-3: Using dig and its ns option to get information on a domain nameserver
Also note in the
ADDITIONAL SECTION
that this
dig
query reveals the IP
address (216.239.32.100) of the DNS server serving
hackers-arise.com. This
section may look slightly different on your system or may not show at all.
You can also use the
dig
command to get information on email
servers connected to a domain by adding the
mx
option (
mx
is short for
mail exchange server). This information is critical for attacks on email sys-
tems. For example, info on the
www.hackers-arise.com email servers is shown
in the
AUTHORITY SECTION
of Listing 3-4.
kali >
dig hackers-arise.com mx
--
snip--
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;hackers-arise.com. IN MX
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
hackers-arise.com. 5 IN SOA ns6.wixdns.net. support.wix.com 2016052216
10800 3600 604 800 3600
--
snip--
Listing 3-4: Using dig and its mx option to get information on a domain mail exchange
server
The most common Linux DNS server is the Berkeley Internet Name
Domain (BIND). In some cases, Linux users will refer to DNS as BIND, but
don’t be confused: DNS and BIND both map individual domain names to
IP addresses.
Let’s create newfile with 
touch
:
kali >
touch newfile

15 Let’s create newfile with
touch
:
kali >
touch newfile Now when I then use
ls –l
to see the long list of the directory, I see that
a new file has been created named newfile. Note that its size is
0
because there
is no content in newfile.
Creating a Directory The command for creating a directory in Linux is
mkdir
, a contraction of
make directory. To create a directory named newdirectory, enter the following
command:
kali >
mkdir newdirectory To navigate to this newly created directory, simply enter this:
kali >
cd newdirectory Copying a File To copy files, we use the
cp
command. This creates a duplicate of the file in
the new location and leaves the old one in place.
Here, we’ll create the file oldfile in the root directory with
touch
and
copy it to /root/newdirectory, renaming it in the process and leaving the ori-
ginal oldfile in place:
kali >
touch oldfile kali >
cp oldfile /root/newdirectory/newfile Renaming the file is optional and is done simply by adding the name
you want to give it to the end of the directory path. If you don’t rename the
file when you copy it, the file will retain the original name by default.
When we then navigate to newdirectory, we see that there is an exact
copy of oldfile called newfile:
kali >
cd newdirectory kali >
ls newfile oldfile
Renaming a File Unfortunately, Linux doesn’t have a command intended solely for renaming
a file, as Windows and some other operating systems do, but it does have the
mv
(move) command.
16 Chapter 1
The
mv
command can be used to move a file or directory to a new loca-
tion or simply to give an existing file a new name. To rename newfile to
newfile2, you would enter the following:
kali >
tar -tvf HackersArise.tar - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

96
Chapter 9
The files have been extracted into the current directory; you can do
a long listing on the directory to double-check. Note that by default, if an
extracted file already exists,
tar
will remove the existing file and replace it
with the extracted file.
Compressing Files
Now we have one archived file, but that file is bigger than the sum of the
original files. What if you want to compress those files for ease of transport?
Linux has several commands capable of creating compressed files. We will
look at these:
•
gzip
, which uses the extension
.tar.gz or
.tgz
•
bzip2
, which uses the extension
.tar.bz2
•
compress
, which uses the extension
.tar.z
These all are capable of compressing our files, but they use different
compression algorithms and have different compression ratios. Therefore,
we’ll look at each one and what it’s capable of.
In general,
compress
is the fastest, but the resultant files are larger;
bzip2
is the slowest, but the resultant files are the smallest; and
gzip
falls some-
where in between. The main reason you, as a budding hacker, should know
all three methods is that when accessing other tools, you will run into vari-
ous types of compression. Therefore, this section shows you how to deal
with the main methods of compression.
dd if=/dev/sdb of=/root/flashcopy

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/root/flashcopy
1257441=0 records in
1257440+0 records out
7643809280 bytes (7.6 GB) copied, 1220.729 s, 5.2 MB/s
Let’s break down this command:
dd
is your physical “copy” command;
if
designates your input file, with
/dev/sdb
representing your flash drive in
the /dev directory;
of
designates your output file; and
/root/flashcopy
is the
name of the file you want to copy the physical copy to. (For a more com-
plete explanation of the Linux system designation of drives within the /dev
directory, see Chapter 10.)
Numerous options are available to use with the
dd
command, and you
can do a bit of research on these, but among the most useful are the
noerror
option and the
bs
(block size) option. As the name implies, the
noerror
option
continues to copy even if errors are encountered. The
bs
option allows you
to determine the block size (the number of bytes read/written per block) of
the data being copied. By default, it is set to 512 bytes, but it can be changed
to speed up the process. Typically, this would be set to the sector size of the
Compressing and Archiving
99
device, most often 4KB (4,096 bytes). With these options, your command
would look like this:
kali >
dd if=/dev/media of=/root/flashcopy bs=4096 conv:noerror
As mentioned, it’s worth doing a little more research on your own, but
this is a good introduction to the command and its common usages.
Summary
Linux has a number of commands to enable you to combine and compress
your files for easier transfer. For combining files,
tar
is the command of
choice, and you have at least three utilities for compressing files—
gzip
,
bzip2
,
and
compress
—all with different compression ratios. The
dd
command goes
above and beyond. It enables you to make a physical copy of storage devices
without the logical structures such as a filesystem, allowing you to recover
such artifacts as deleted files.
E XERCISES
Before you move on to Chapter 10, try out the skills you learned from this
chapter by completing the following exercises:
1. Create three scripts to combine, similar to what we did in Chapter 8.
Name them
Linux4Hackers1
,
Linux4Hackers2
, and
Linux4Hackers3
.
2. Create a tarball from these three files. Name the tarball
L4H
. Note how the
size of the sum of the three files changes when they are tarred together.
3. Compress the
L4H
tarball with
gzip
. Note how the size of the file changes.
Investigate how you can control overwriting existing files. Now uncompress
the
L4H
file.
4. Repeat Exercise 3 using both
bzip2
and
compress
.
5. Make a physical, bit-by-bit copy of one of your flash drives using the
dd
command.
|
Viewing Files with more and less

26
Chapter 2
Notice in the bottom left of the screen that
less
has highlighted the
path to the file. If you press the forward slash (
/
) key,
less
will let you
search for terms in the file. For instance, when you first set up Snort, you
need to determine how and where you want to send your intrusion alert
output. To find that section of the configuration file,
you could simply
search for
output, like so:
# Snort build options:
# Options: --enable-gre --enable-mpls --enable-targetbased
--enable-ppm --enable-perfprofiling enable-zlib --enable-active
-response --enable-normalizer --enable-reload --enable-react
/output
This will immediately take you to the first occurrence of
output and
highlight it. You can then look for the next occurrence of
output by
typing
n
(for
next).
# Step #6: Configure output plugins
# For more information, see Snort Manual, Configuring Snort - Output Modules
#####################################################################
#unified2
# Recommended for most installs
# output unified2: filename merged.log, limit 128, nostamp, mpls_event_types,
vlan_event_types
output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128, nostamp, mpls_event_types,
vlan_event_types
# Additional configuration for
specific types of installs
# output alert_unified2: filename snort.alert, limit 128, nostamp
# output log_unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128, nostamp
# syslog
# output alert_syslog: LOG_AUTH LOG_ALERT
:
As you can see,
less
took you to the next occurrence of the word
output
and highlighted all the search terms.
In this case, it went directly to the out-
put section of Snort. How convenient!
Summary
Linux has numerous ways of manipulating text, and each way comes with
its own strengths and weaknesses. We’ve touched on a few of the most use-
ful methods in this chapter, but I suggest you try
each one out and develop
your own feel and preferences. For example, I think
grep
is indispensable,
and I use
less
widely, but you might feel different.
Changing Your Network Information

32
Chapter 3
Then, when you again check your network connections with
ifconfig
,
you should see that your IP address has changed to the new IP address you
just assigned.
Changing Your Network Mask and Broadcast Address
You can also change your network mask (netmask) and broadcast address
with the
ifconfig
command. For instance, if you
want to assign that same
eth0
interface with a netmask of 255.255.0.0 and a broadcast address of
192.168.1.255, you would enter the following:
kali >
ifconfig eth0 192.168.181.115 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
kali >
Once again, if you’ve done everything correctly,
Linux responds with a
new command prompt. Now enter
ifconfig
again to verify that each of the
parameters has been changed accordingly.
find /etc -type f -name apache2.\*

Getting Started with the Basics
13
example, suppose I want to see all the processes running on my Linux sys-
tem. In this case, I can use the
ps
(processes) command followed by the
aux
switches to specify which process information to display, like so:
kali >
ps aux
This provides me with a listing of
all the processes running in this
system—but what if I just want to find one process to see if it is running?
I can do this by piping the output from
ps
to
grep
and searching for a
keyword. For instance, to find out whether the apache2 service is running,
I would enter the following.
kali >
Finding Binaries in the PATH Variable with which

Getting Started with the Basics
11
Performing More Powerful Searches with find
The
find
command is the most powerful and flexible of the searching utili-
ties. It is capable of beginning your search in any designated directory and
looking for a number of different parameters, including, of course, the file-
name but also the date of creation or modification, the owner, the group,
permissions, and the size.
Here’s the basic syntax for
find
:
find
directory options expression
So, if I wanted to search for a file with the name
apache2 (an open source
web server) starting in the root directory, I would enter the following:
kali >
find /
-type f
-name apache2
w
First I state the directory in which to start the search, in this case
/
.
Then I specify which type of file to search for, in this case
f
for an ordi-
nary file
. Last, I give the name of the file I’m searching for, in this case
apache2
w
.
My results for this search are shown here:
kali >
goode’s homolosIne - Tyner indb

appendix a. Commonly Used Projections 227
Graticule
Meridians: equally spaced, straight lines converging at a common point (one
of the poles).
Parallels: unequally spaced, concentric circle arcs centered on
the pole of convergence.
Scale
True along one or two chosen standard parallels; constant along any given
parallel.
Distortion
Free of distance distortion along the one or two standard parallels.
Usage
Midlatitude regions of E–W extent.
Other
Cannot show entire earth.
E XERCISES - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

|
L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t hBog'liq linuxbasicsforhackers27
E XERCISES
Before you move on to Chapter 3, try out the skills you learned from this chapter
by completing the following exercises:
1. Navigate to /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists. This is a
directory of multiple wordlists that can be used to brute force passwords
in various password-protected devices using Metasploit, the most popular
pentesting and hacking framework.
2. Use the cat command to view the contents of the file password.lst.
3. Use the more command to display the file password.lst.
4. Use the less command to view the file password.lst.
5. Now use the nl command to place line numbers on the passwords in
password.lst. There should be around 88,396 passwords.
6. Use the tail command to see the last 20 passwords in password.lst.
7. Use the cat command to display password.lst and pipe it to find all the
passwords that contain 123.
3
A N A LY Z I N G A N D M A N A G I N G
N E T W O R K S
Understanding networking is crucial for
any aspiring hacker. In many situations,
you’ll be hacking something over a network,
and a good hacker needs to know how to con-
nect to and interact with that network. For example,
you may need to connect to a computer with your
Internet Protocol (IP) address hidden from view, or you may need to redi-
rect a target’s Domain Name System (DNS) queries to your system; these
kinds of tasks are relatively simple but require a little Linux network know-
how. This chapter shows you some essential Linux tools for analyzing and
managing networks during your network-hacking adventures.
Analyzing Networks with ifconfig
The
ifconfig
command is one of the most basic tools for examining and
interacting with active network interfaces. You can use it to query your
active network connections by simply entering
ifconfig
in the terminal.
Try it yourself, and you should see output similar to Listing 3-1.
|
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Laboratoriya ishi № 6 - Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari

|
Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari
|
bet | 11/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaLaboratoriya ishi № 6.
Tugmani yorug‘lik sezgichi sifatida ishlatish.
Laboratoriya ishining maqsadi: tugmachalarni yorug‘lik sensori kaliti sifatida ishlatishni o‘rganish.
Laboratoriyaning nazariy qismi.
Keling, paneldagi sxemani yig‘amiz, unda tugmachaning bir oyog‘i Arduinoning 5V kuchlanishiga, ikkinchisi esa 2 pinga ulanadi. Arduino UNO-ning 13-pinli bortidagi LEDga ulangan bo‘lsada, panelga yana bir LED qo‘shamiz. Qisqa oyog‘i 220 Omli rezistor orqali panel minusiga, uzun oyog‘i esa Arduino UNO ning 13 -piniga ulanadi. Arduino maydonchasini panel minusiga ulang.
Modelni yig‘ish uchun bizga kerak:
• Arduino kartasi
• Panel(doska)
• 5 ta sim va / yoki dada-dada
• yorug‘lik chiqaruvchi diod
• tugma
• rezistorlar 10 kOm va 220 Om.
Arduinoga ulanish sxemasi:
Laboratoriyaning amaliy qismi.
Agar 10 kΩ tortish qarshiligi ulanmagan bo‘lsa, tugma bosilmasa ham, LED yonadi.
Aniq mantiqiy signal bo‘lmasa (nol yoki bitta), kiruvchi pindagi kuchlanish har qanday bo‘lishi mumkin. Noldan, to‘liq kuchlanishgacha, bu mantiqiy birlik bilan ko‘proq mos keladi.
Sxemaga 10kOm qarshilik qo‘shing. Bir oyog‘ini panelning minusiga, ikkinchisini tugma ulangan pin bilan ulang. Bu holda, pin raqami 2 . Shunday qilib, bu pinga mantiqiy 0 ni o‘rnatish kafolatlangan.
LED faqat tugma bosilganda o‘chadi va yonadi. Tugma qo‘yilganda, LED o‘chadi.
Sizga Arduino IDE kerak bo‘ladi, uni Arduino veb -saytidan yuklab olishingiz mumkin.
Ushbu model uchun quyidagi dasturni yozamiz:
Arduinoga o‘rnatilgan tugmachasi LED sxemasi quyidagicha ko‘rinadi:
Foydalanilgan internet resurslari.
1. http://edurobots.ru/2014/03/arduino-knopka/
2. https://alexgyver.ru/lessons/arduino-buttons/
3. https://arduinomaster.ru/datchiki-arduino/knopka-arduino/
4. https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5ebd73d6fce1527a111c230d/knopki-i-arduino-podkliuchenie-upravlenie-sketch-dlia-raboty-5f650094c833846a1d742a6a
|
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Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc - bet 110

180
Mazkur texnologiyada uchta
tabaqalashtirishning turli darajadagi
qiyinchiliklari:
«A»,«V»,«S» dasturlari ajralib turadi
.
Dasturlar quyidagi vazifalarni hal qiladi:
•
muayyan
darajadagi
bilim,
malaka
va
ko‘nikmalarni egallashni ta’minlaydi;
•
ta`lim
oluvchilarning
ma`lum
darajadagi
mustaqilligini ta’minlaydi;
«S»
dasturi
tayanch
standart
sifatida
qayd
qilinadi.
Uni
bajarish orqali ta’lim oluvchilar
fan
bo‘yicha
o‘quv
materialini,
uni
qayta
tiklay
olish
darajasida
o‘zlashtiradilar.
«S»
dasturi
vazifalarini
nisbatan
qiyin
dasturga
o‘tmasdan oldin har bir o‘quvchi bajara olishi
lozim.
Foydalanilgan internet resurslari

|
Foydalanilgan internet resurslari
|
bet | 10/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaFoydalanilgan internet resurslari.
1. https://alexgyver.ru/lessons/arduino-buttons/
2. https://arduinomaster.ru/datchiki-arduino/knopka-arduino/
Hurmatli talabalar quyidagi TINKERCAD Platformasi orqali o‘z topshiriqlaringizni bajaring!
Laboratoriya ishi uchun topshiriqlar.
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 2 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 3 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 5 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 6 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 8 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 9 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 8 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 5 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 6 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 3 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 1 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 4 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 5 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 2 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 1 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 3 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 2 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 9 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 8 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 9 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 4 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 6 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 7 ta ledni yoqing?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 6 ta ledni yoqing?
|
| |
Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc - bet 109

|
Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc Pdf ko'rish
|
bet | 109/123 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 5,19 Mb. | | #262306 |
Bog'liq Pedagogik texnologiya O\'quv qo\'llanma Mirhayitova SoxibaxonO`QUV JARAYONINI TASHKIL ETISH VA SAMARALI BOSHQARISH
SOHASIDAGI PEDAGOGIK TEXNOLOGIYA. TARBIYA JARAYONINI
TEXNOLOGIYALASHTIRISH
Reja
1.TABAQALASHTIRILGAN VA INDIVIDUAL TA`LIM TEXNOLOGIYASI
2
.
AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA TA`LIMNING JAMOAVIY HAMDA GURUXIY
TEXNOLOGIYASI
3. INSONPARVARLIK PEDAGOGIKASI. TARBIYA SAN`ATI VA TENOLOGIYASI.
YAXLIT YONDASHUV VA TARBIYAVIY ISH
Adabiyotlar:
1. Azizxo’jaeva N.N. Pedagogik texnologiya va pedagogik mahorat. – T.: TDPU,
2006
2
.
Interfaol
metodlar:
mohiyati
va
qo’llanilishi
/
Metodik
qo’llanma.
Tuzuvchilar:
D.Ro’zieva,
M.Usmonboeva,
Z.Holiqova.
–
Toshkent:
Nizomiy
nomidagi TDPU nashriyoti, 2013. – 136 bet.
3. Pedagogik texnologiyalar.Tuzuvchilar: Sh.S.Shodmonova va b. – T.: “Fan va
texnologiya”, 2011, 148-bet
4. Yo’ldoshev J., Usmonov S. Pedagogik texnologiya asoslari. – T.: Pedagog, 2004.
5. Pedagogik texnologiya va pedagogik mahorat / S.A.Madiyarova va b. – T.:
“Iqtisod-moliya”, 2009.
6. Sayidaxmedov N., Ochilov A. Yangi pedagogik texnologiya mohiyati va
zamonaviy loyihasi. – T.: RTM, 1999.
7. Tolipov O’., Usmonboeva M. Pedagogik texnologiyalarning tatbiqiy asoslari. –
T.: Fan, 2006.
1.1.TABAQALASHTIRILGAN VA INDIVIDUAL TA`LIM
TEXNOLOGIYASI
G.K.Selevko
tadqiqotlarida
o‘qitishni
tabaqalashtirish
o‘quv
jarayonini
tashkil
etish shakli sifatida izohlanadi, o‘zida bilim
darajasi bir xil
bo`lgan,
u yoki bu jihatdan
o‘quv
jarayonida
umumiy
sifatlarga
ega
bo`lgan
o‘quvchilar
guruhi
bilan
o‘qituvchi
ishlaydi.
O‘qitishni
tabaqalashtirish
o ‘quv jarayonidagi ta’lim
oluvchilarning
turli
guruhlarini
ixtisoslashtirilishini
ta’minlaydigan
umumiy didaktikaning bir
qismi
sifatida
ham belgilanadi.
|
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Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc - bet 107

|
Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc Pdf ko'rish
|
bet | 107/123 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 5,19 Mb. | | #262306 |
Bog'liq Pedagogik texnologiya O\'quv qo\'llanma Mirhayitova SoxibaxonTa’lim jarayonini loyihalash bosqichlari
Asosiy bosqichlar
1-bosqich: loyihani yaratish
3-bosqich: pedagogik
jarayonni tashkil etish
5-bosqich: talabalar
faoliyatini nazorat qilish
2-bosqich: talabalar
faoliyatini tashxislash
4-bosqich: pedagogik
jarayonning samarali
kechishini ta’minlash
Ta’lim jarayonini loyihalashda vazifalarning
belgilanishi
1-
qadam
Umumiy pedagogik vazifalar (pedagogik
jarayon xususiyatlarini yaxlit holda
inobatga olish asosida belgilanuvchi)
Bosqichli pedagogik vazifalar (ma’lum
bosqich xususiyatlarini inobatga olgan
holda belgilanuvchi)
2-
qadam
3-
qadam
Vaziyatli pedagogik vazifalar (muayyan
vaziyatlarni
inobatga olgan holda belgilanuvchi)
O’quv loyihasi
1) talablarning muammolarni izlash, tadqiqot qilish
va yechish, natija (echim)ni mahsulot ko’rinishida
rasmiylashtirishga qaratilgan mustaqil o’quv
faoliyatini tashkil etish usuli;
2) nazariy bilimlar asosida amaliy topshiriqlarni
yechishga qaratilgan o’quv harakati vositasi;
3)rivojlantirish, tarbiyalash, ta’lim berish,
bilimlarni boyitish, mustahkamlash va malakalarni
shakllantirishga yo’naltirilgan didaktik vosita
hisoblanadi
|
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Using sed to Find and Replace - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

24
Chapter 2
is a contraction of
stream editor. In its most basic form,
sed
operates like the
Find and Replace function in Windows.
Search
for the word mysql in the
snort.conf file using
grep
, like so:
kali >
cat /etc/snort/snort.conf | grep mysql
include $RULE_PATH/mysql.rules
#include $RULE_PATH/server-mysql.rules
You should see that the
grep
command
found two occurrences of mysql.
Let’s say you want
sed
to replace every occurrence of
mysql with
MySQL
(remember, most of Linux is case sensitive)
and then save the new file
to
snort2.conf. You could do this by entering the command shown in
Listing 2-6.
kali >
sed s/mysql/MySQL/g /etc/snort/snort.conf > snort2.conf
Listing 2-6: Using sed to find and replace keywords or phrases
The
s
command performs the substitution:
you first give the term you
are searching for (
mysql ) and then the term you want to replace it with
(
MySQL), separated by a slash (
/
). The
g
flag tells Linux that you want
the replacement performed globally. Then the result
is saved to a new file
named
snort2.conf.
Now, when you use
grep
with
snort2.conf to search for
mysql, you’ll see
that
no instances were found, but when you search for
MySQL, you’ll see
two occurrences.
kali >
cat snort2.conf | grep MySQL
include $RULE_PATH/MySQL.rules
#include $RULE_PATH/server-MySQL.rules
If you wanted to replace only the
first occurrence of the term mysql, you
would leave out the trailing
g
option.
kali >
sed s/mysql/MySQL/ snort.conf > snort2.conf
You can also use the
sed
command
to find and replace any specific occur-
rence of a word rather than all occurrences or just the first occurrence. For
instance, if you want to replace only the second occurrence of the word
mysql, simply place the number of the occurrence (in this case, 2) at the
end of the command:
kali >
sed s/mysql/MySQL/2 snort.conf > snort2.conf
This command affects only the second occurrence of
mysql.
Ta’lim
maqsadi - Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc

61
- yakuniy diagnostik tahlil qilish.
Diagnostika ta ’lim texnologiyasining asosiy elementlaridan biri hisoblanib, asosiy
o'zlashtirishdagi kamchiliklar soatini aniqlash, har bir ta`lim oluvchi-talabaning
bilim darajasini aniqlash, rejaning borishiga tuzatishlar kiritish yoki bilan ta ’lim
jarayonining natijasi kafolatlanganligini ta ’minlaydi.
5. Tuzatish kiritish.
Bo‘lim yoki bobning o‘zlashtirilish darajasining diagnostik tahlili natijasi 50
foizdan kam ko'rsatkichni bersa, ta`lim beruvchi (pedagog) ta ’lim jarayonining
borishiga tuzatish kiritishi shart.
6. Qayta to'ldirish (nuqsonlarni yo'qotish).
Qayta tuzatish kiritilishidan (korreksiya) maqsad olingan bilimlardagi
kamchiliklarni bartaraf etishdan iborat. Kamchiliklami bartaraf etish to'ldirish
asosida amalga oshiriladi.
7. Kutilishi lozim bo'lgan natijani olish.
Bu element zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarning markaziy g'oyasi
hisoblanadi.
Pedagogik texnologiya ta’lim jarayoni natijasi kafolatli bo'lishini
talab qilar ekan, jarayon borishidan ko'zda tutilgan maqsad amalga oshirilishi va
natijali bo'lishning rejalashtirilishini ta`lim beruvchi (pedagog)lar oldiga vazifa qilib
qo'yadi.
Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc - bet 108

|
Soxibaxon ped texnologiya doc Pdf ko'rish
|
bet | 108/123 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 5,19 Mb. | | #262306 |
Bog'liq Pedagogik texnologiya O\'quv qo\'llanma Mirhayitova SoxibaxonO’quv loyihalari faoliyat mazmuni, bilim sohasi (fanlar)
bo’yicha tayyorlanishiga ko’ra quyidagicha
tasniflanadi:
O’quv loyihalari
Fan sohasi
(sohalari)
ga ko’ra
Faoliyat
mazmuni
ga
ko’ra
Axborotli loyihalar
Tadqiqot loyihalari
Amaliy loyihalar
Mono loyiha (bir bilim sohasi,
fan) bo’yicha amalga
oshiriladigan loyiha)
Bir necha bilim sohasi, fan)
bo’yicha amalga oshiriladigan
loyiha
O’quv loyihalarining asosiy turlari
Axborotli loyihalar
Tadqiqot loyihalari
Amaliy loyihalar
Maqsadi
•
Muammoga oid ma’lumotlarni
to’plash, ularni tahlil qilish,
umumlashtirish, mohiyatini yoritish,
muammoni hal etish usul va
vositalarini tavsiflash, ularning
ahamiyatini asoslash
Loyiha mavzusi (namuna)
Maqola, referat,
ma’ruza, keys va b
.
Hisobot, ma’ruza,
keys va b.
Harakatlar dasturi, biznes-
reja, keys, strategiya,
tavsiya, ma’lumotnoma
to’plami va b.
Natijasi
Tadqiqotni amalga
oshirish, tadqiqot asosida
muammo izohini asoslash,
kelgusida rivojlanish
uchun yangi
muammolarni asoslash
Muammoni hal
etish usul va
vositalarini
ishlab chiqish
Pedagogning innovatsion faoliyat
malakalarini o’zlashtirish dasturi.
Pedagogning innovatsion faoliyatni
tashkil etish strategiyasi
Ish tajribasidan qat’iy nazar har bir
pedagog innovator bo’la oladimi?
Pedagogning innovatorlik faoliyati
darajasi
Pedagogning ta’lim jarayoniga
innovatsion yondashuvi o’qitish sifati
va samaradorligini kafolatlay oladimi?
Pedagogning innovatsion faoliyati
aynan nimalarda aks etadi?
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