nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Individual loyihani bajarish bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar individual loyiha ishining tarkibi

INDIVIDUAL LOYIHANI BAJARISH BO‘YICHA KO‘RSATMALAR
Individual loyiha ishining tarkibi
Ish hajmi 30-35 varaq atrofida bo‘lib quydagi qismlardan tashkil topgan bo‘lishi kerak:
•
titul varag‘i(1-ilova);
•
mundarija;
•
kirish (olib boriladigan izlanish masalasini qo‘yilishi);
•
muammoning holatini tahlili;
•
qilingan ish bo‘yicha olingan natijalar, xulosalar va takliflar;
•
foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro‘yxati;
•
ilova (mavjud bo‘lsa).
Individual loyiha
ishini rasmiylashtirish bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar
Individual loyiha ishi kompyuterda tayyorlanib hisobot qismini bayon qilish A4 o‘lchamida
va hajmi 30-35 betdan iborat bo‘lishi kerak. Hisobot esa Microsoft Office dasturida (Shrifti Times
New Roman, o‘lchami (kegligi) - 14, Qator va interval oralig‘i: 1,5 (bir yarim)) va hoshiyasi o‘ngdan
1,5 sm, chapdan 3 sm, yuqoridan va pastdan 2 sm qoldirib matn joylashtiriladi. Varaqning pastki
qismining o‘rtasiga sahifa nomeri qo‘yiladi. Har qanday grafik ma’lumotlar (karta, chizma, sxema,
diagramma, rasm) arab raqamlari va “Rasm” so‘zlari bilan belgilanadi. Nomlanishi - rasm ostida bir
qator qoldirib o‘rtadan qalin harflarda yoziladi.
Masalan:
1-rasm. Rasmning nomi
Rasm matndan yuqori va pastdan bir qator joy qoldirilib ajratiladi. Barcha rasmlarga matnda
havola (1-rasm.) bo‘lishi kerak. Jadvallar nomi
1-jadval. Jadval nomi
shaklida jadvalning o‘ng tepa
qismida o‘rtadan qalin harflarda
yozilishi kerak.
Kirish.
Bu bo‘limda berilgan vazifa doirasidagi tadbiq sohalari haqida ma’lumot keltiriladi.
Ishning maqsadi yoritiladi. Kirish qismining hajmi 2-3 betdan oshmasligi kerak.
Asosiy qism.
Asosiy qismida berilgan vazifa doirasida mavzuga tegishli ma’lumotlar ko‘rib
chiqiladi hamda ko‘rilayotgan masalaning aniq natijalari (ma’lumotlari) keltiriladi. Bunda berilgan
ma’lumotlar aniq misollar asosida berilishi, statistik ko‘rinishda chizmalar va rasmlar bilan
to‘ldirilishi lozim. Asosiy qismni yoritishda muallifning fikrlari ham bo‘lishi talab etiladi.
Xulosa
qismida umumiy qilingan ish bo‘yicha asosiy xulosalar keltiriladi va kelajakda
qilinadigan ishlar yoki takliflar ko‘rsatiladi. Hajmi 1-2 bet bo‘lishi mumkin.
Adabiyotlar
ro‘yxati ishning bajarilishida foydalanilgan ilmiy maqola (mualliflar, maqola
nomi, qachon va qayerda chop etilganligi), Internet resurslar manzili, monografiya va o‘quv
qo‘llanmalar ro‘yxati alifbo tartibida yoki chop etilgan yilining o‘sib borish tartibida tuziladi.
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Process And Flow States - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

The transition of flows between standby and readiness states is based
on
task planning or
flow planning. When scheduling threads, determine
which threads need to be restored after completing the I / O operation, how
to organize the system expectations.
The transition between standby and execution states requires a
processor
time schedule . Based on the algorithms of such planning, determine which
of the finished threads need to be executed at a specific time, when do you
need to interrupt the execution of the thread to switch to another ready
thread and so on.
With regard to systems that implement the process model, it is customary to
talk about the state of processes, not flows, and the planning of
processes; in fact, the states of the process in this case clearly correspond to
the states of its single flow.
Description Of Processes And Flows
As we already know, one of the main tasks of the operating system is the
allocation of resources between processes and flows. These resources are
primarily CPU time (distributed between streams during scheduling), I / O,
and memory (shared between processes) .
To manage the allocation of resources, the OS must support data structures
that contain information describing processes, flows, and resources. The
following data structures include:
❖
Resource allocation tables: memory tables, I / O tables, file tables,
etc.
❖
Process tables and flow tables that provide information about the
processes and flows present in systems at a specific point in time
partition different from that of Windows using Linux's own file system, so it

recent times this division meant the irremediable and inevitable loss of all
the information that was contained on the hard disk.
At the moment in the installation of the distributions of Linux, it is allowed
to divide the hard disk without losing information, in order to reduce the
size of the Windows partition and create a new one
during the installation of
Linux. In the case of RedHat or Mandrake, there is a possibility of
automatic assignment that will be useful in the case of or knowing how to
manipulate the partitions. For Linux, at least one root native partition must
be created. It should be the desired size and a swapping partition that must
be at least twice the size of the RAM of your equipment, up to a maximum
of 512 MB.
During
this process, care must be taken not to erase the partition where
Windows resides, since in that case ALL the information will be lost
permanently.
❖
System installation: Selection of
the various packages to be
included with the Linux operating system and its subsequent
installation.
Some of these packages are:
❖
Work
station
❖
Server
❖
Graphic environment
❖
Office work station.
❖
Webserver / FTP
❖
KDE station
❖
Play Station
❖
Mail.
❖
Gnome station
❖
Multimedia station
❖
Database
server
❖
Internet station
❖
Firewall Server / Router
❖
DNS / NIS
❖
Scientific
work station
❖
Console tools
❖
Network server
O’ng baza segment 9 - Kurs ishining tarkibi va hajmi

O’ng baza segment 9:
165 + 300∙0,113 = 198.9
1-va 3-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 519.585 ga teng. PDV qiymati 575 maksimal ruxsat etilgan qiymatdan kam bo'lgani uchun bu tarmoq ikkita signalning qaytishi vaqtining mezoni talabiga javob beradi.
2.PVV qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
3-Chap segment, 10Base-T: 10,5 bt ga qisqaradi.
2-oraliq segment, 10Base-2: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
1-oraliq segment, 10Base-5: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
7-oraliq segment, 10Base-5: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
8-oraliq segment, 10Base-2: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
1-va 3-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni hisoblash natijasida jami qiymati 44,5 ga teng bo’ladi, bu esa 49 bit oraliqdagi chegara qiymatidan ko’proq ya’ni qo’yilgan talablarga javob bermaydi.
2-va 3- tarmoq o’rtasidagi PDV qiymatini hisoblash.
4.PDV ni qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
Chap baza segment 6:
7.8 + 45∙0,1 = 12.3
Oraliq segment 5:
33.5 + 50∙0,1 = 38.5
Oraliq segment 4:
24 +100∙0,1 = 34
Oraliq segment 7:
46.5 + 100∙0,0866 = 55.16
Oraliq segment 8:
46.5 + 40∙0,1026 = 50.604
O’ng baza segment 9:
165 + 300∙0,113 = 198.9
2-va 3-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 389.464 ga teng bo’ldi. PDV qiymati 575 maksimal ruxsat etilgan qiymatdan kamroq bo'lgani uchun bu tarmoq ikkita signalning qaytishi vaqtining mezoni talabiga javob beradi.
2.PVV qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
6-Chap segment, FOIRL: - bt ga qisqaradi.
5- oraliq segment, 10Base- FL: 8 bt ga qisqaradi.
4-oraliq segment, 10Base- FB: 2 bt ga qisqaradi.
7-oraliq segment, 10Base-5: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
8-oraliq segment, 10Base-2: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
2-va 3-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni hisoblash natijasida jami qiymati 32 ga teng bo’ladi, bu esa 49 bit oraliqdagi chegara qiymatidan kamroq ya’ni qo’yilgan talablarga javob beradi.
Xulosa
Barcha komponentlarning PDV qiymati 575 maksimal ruxsat etilgan qiymatdan kamroq bo'lgani uchun bu tarmoq ikkita signalning qaytishi vaqtining mezoni bo’yicha 1-2, 1-2, 2-3, -tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati talabiga javob beradi.
1-va 2-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 362.87 ga teng.
1-va 3-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 519.585 ga teng.
2-va 3-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 389.464 ga teng.
PVV qiymatini bo’yicha xulosa
1-va 2-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni jami qiymati 42,5 ga teng bo’ladi.
1-va 3-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni jami qiymati 44,5 ga teng bo’ladi.
2-va 3-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni jami qiymati 32 ga teng bo’ladi.
Barcha PVV o’lchamlarni hisoblash natijasida jami qiymati 49 bit oraliqdagi chegara qiymatidan kamroq ya’ni qo’yilgan talablarga javob beradi.
Kurs ishimni bajarish davomida PDV va PVV o’lchamlarni hisob kitob qilib chiqdim va hamma hisob ishlarim barcha talablarga javob berdi. Barcha tarmoqlar berilgan standartlarga javob beradi.
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User Application - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with...

The general steps to follow for the installation of this operating system, in
most of its distributions, are summarized in the following steps:
Installation process:
❖
Language Choice: The installation program gives us the possibility
to configure our system in a large number
of languages that exist
❖
Acceptance of the license agreement with the company that owns
the distribution we own
❖
Configuration of the type and model of our keyboard and mouse
❖
Choice of security level: In which there are four default security
levels to choose from, depending on the use of the computer on which
we are performing this installation, being able to choose levels from
an internet client to a server with a large
number of connections to
support
❖
Partitioning: One of the main concepts to consider before
installation is partitio n
Each operating system organizes the information
of the files it contains
differently, using your own file system. For reference, the file system name
of different operating systems:
This generally prevents multiple mixed operating systems from being
installed on the same hard drive. To solve this problem there are the so-
called partitions with which a certain hard disk
is divided so that it can
contain both file systems. For all purposes, making a partition is equivalent
to the hard drive is divided into two, although of course it is not divided
into a physical but logical way. The fundamental problems when installing
Linux come from the fact that in most
cases the user wants to keep
Windows and all programs for this system. There are currently several
distributions that allow the installation of Linux on a Windows file system,
either in what is called an image disk (A very large file), of the Corel Linux
distributions, or directly in the Windows file system (WinLinux 2000).
However to obtain a good performance it is preferable to install Linux on a
Creating and Completing Streams - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating...

created faster and with lesser resources.
Features Completion Streams
At the end of the stream, its resources are released (first of all, the
folder); this operation is usually faster than completing the process. The
flow may be completed when the control
reaches the end of the flow
procedure; there are also special system calls intended for early termination
of flows.
Like processes, threads can be
executed synchronously and
asynchronously. A thread that created another thread may pause its
execution until it is completed. This expectation is called
joining streams (
thread joining). Upon completion of the attached thread, the thread that was
waiting to complete it may receive execution status. When creating a stream
or
joining it, if the stream cannot connect,
it is called disconnected or
detached. If the stream is not disconnected, it is called
Pluggable , after
which it is necessary to join them to stop memory leakage .
-rasm. Har xil fizik standartlardan va segmentlardan iborat bo’lgan Ethernet tarmog’iga misol

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-rasm. Har xil fizik standartlardan va segmentlardan iborat bo’lgan Ethernet tarmog’iga misol
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bet | 12/14 | Sana | 17.12.2023 | Hajmi | 400 Kb. | | #121322 |
Bog'liq 3. KTT Kurs ishi 21-varyant1-rasm. Har xil fizik standartlardan va segmentlardan iborat bo’lgan Ethernet tarmog’iga misol.
Hisoblash: PDV hisoblashda har bir simni kesilish joyidan segmentni jadval asosida kechikishlarni hisoblashdan iborat, ( beriljan jadval asosida signallarning kechikishi 1m kabel segment uzunligi bilan ko'paytiriladi), shundan keyin bu kechikishlar chap, o’ng va oraliq segmentlarni yig’indisini topish kerak.
1-va 2- tarmoq o’rtasidagi PDV qiymatini hisoblash.
1.PDV ni qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
Chap baza segment 3:
15.3 +100∙0,113= 26.6
Oraliq segment 2:
46,5 + 85∙0.1026 = 55.221
Oraliq segment 1:
46.5+ 100∙0,0866 = 55.16
Oraliq segment 4:
24 + 100∙0,1 = 34
Oraliq segment 5:
33.5 + 50∙0,1 =38.5
O’ng baza segment 6:
152 +45∙0,1 = 154.5
1-va 2-tarmoq komponentlarining PDV qiymati 362.87 ga teng bo’ldi. PDV qiymati 575 maksimal ruxsat etilgan qiymatdan kamroq bo'lgani uchun bu tarmoq ikkita signalning qaytish vaqtining mezoni talabiga javob beradi.
2.PVV qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
3-Chap segment, 10Base-T: 10,5 bt ga qisqaradi.
2-Oraliq segment, 10Base-2: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
1-Oraliq segment, 10Base-5: 11 bt ga qisqaradi.
4-Oraliq segment, 10Base- FB: 2 bt ga qisqaradi.
5-Oraliq segment, 10Base- FL: 8 bt ga qisqaradi.
1-va 2-tarmoq PVV o’lchamlarni hisoblash natijasida jami qiymati 42,5 ga teng bo’ladi, bu esa 49 bit oraliqdagi chegara qiymatidan kamroq ya’ni qo’yilgan talablarga javob beradi.
1-va 3- tarmoq o’rtasidagi PDV qiymatini hisoblash.
2.PDV ni qiymatini hisoblaymiz:
Chap baza segment 3:
15.3 + 100∙0,113= 26.6
Oraliq segment 2:
46,5 + 85∙0.1026 = 55.221
Oraliq segment 1:
46.5+ 100∙0,0866 = 133.1
Oraliq segment 7:
46.5 + 100∙0,0866 = 55.16
Oraliq segment 8:
46.5 + 40∙0,1026 = 50.604
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Installation of VPN in Kali Linux

Installation of VPN in Kali Linux
1) First of all, install the tools or certificates that need to be used to install
the VPN. Normally a CA certificate should be downloaded and uploaded to
the system. This certificate consists of a hash code that will let us connect to
the server with an anonymous linkage.
2) In the next step, we need to enter the network manager to start the VPN
connection. When you started a new VPN connection enter the gateway
details that are provided by the VPN provider.
3) In the next step, you can give the authentication details that briefly
consist of your credentials in the VPN service provider application or
website.
With this, we have completed the starting of a virtual private network.
There are a lot of good VPN service providers like open VPN, Cisco VPN,
hide my ass. Choose the one which gives a huge number of servers and
security. VPN is a must of every hacker nowadays due to increased
surveillance from governments all around the world. You can also use a
VPN for peer to peer network communications such as downloading torrent
files and seeding them. That's it in the next section we will learn about
changing the physical address of the system that is MAC address.
How to change the MAC address using Linux?
First of all, we need to know about system addresses. Every system that is
ever manufactured has a serial number to it called a MAC address. Every
system has a unique address by default, unlike the network address that
often interchanges between the systems that are connected.
Usually, during network surveillance, IP addresses will help the attacker
find the location of the system which may be easily spoofed by Virtual
private networks and almost every company uses a VPN for this purpose.
However, a lot of people don't change their system address due to various
reasons. First of all, the warranty will become void and any necessary help
will be not provided by most of the industry providers. For this reason, a lot
of users will not change it.
However, hackers for whom anonymity is their important consideration
should be well aware of the procedure that can make spoof a system
address. Below we will describe the method in detail.
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Chapter 8:
TOR & VPN in Linux - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating...

Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
Linux This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts The Underground Bible
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
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) Yahoo hacking target - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

Apart
from these China, Russia, and America usually has a lot of
cyberattacks going on every second for various reasons.
Cybersecurity
space has become crowded and a lot of individuals, businesses, corporates,
and governments are trying to get control over them. It is obvious one
should be aware of the misjudging or threats of hacking and should try to
learn and follow cybersecurity ethics. That is all about this chapter. In the
next chapter, we will discuss hiding the attacker's location and information
using TOR and VPN. Let us go!
Tor browser bundle - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

How to use VPN in Linux?
Before discussing
the installation process, we will, in brief,
discuss the
VPN technology.
Virtual private networks are at first used in private industries and
government institutions to maintain a group of people even when they are
off-site. However, people have found a way to share their servers with other
people without transferring any information about the sender and receiver.
This made VPN popular and useful for a lot of users and mostly for hackers
because of its ability to hide the location of the user.
Why is VPN useful to hackers?
a) Virtual private networks hide the network
address of your system and
link it with another so that you will have anonymity.
b) Virtual private networks can help you get past through a lot of firewalls
and intrusion detection systems that are built-in industries.
c) Virtual private networks not only help you hide your information but also
helps to make sure that all of your network information that is being
transmitted is encrypted. Not sure how this works? Let us give an example.
Imagine that you are using a public WiFi network where a lot of other users
are connected. Not all WiFi dongles have WPA2
advanced security
configuration so your network packets that consist of a lot of sensitive
information
including your passwords, credit cards can be easily
compromised by someone who is on the same network and using wireless
networks sniffing tools like air crack.
Due to these complications, virtual private networks
are recommended to be
used when you are not an in-home network. Now in the next section, we
will look at how to install any VPN in any Linux systems.
Linux Architecture - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
Linux This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts The Underground Bible
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with Tools On Security and Kali Hacking to Understand Computer Programming, Data Science and Command Line
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Process and Flow Models - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System...

Process and Flow Components
The elements of the process include:
❖
Protected
address space
❖
Data common to the whole process (these data can be shared usage
of all its streams)
❖
Resource usage information (open files, network connections)
❖
Process flow information
The stream contains the following elements:
❖
The state of the processor (a set of current data from its registers),
including the counter of the current
instruction of the processor
❖
Flow stack (the memory area where the local flow variables and
function return addresses are called in its code)
ISHLAB CHIKARISH QUVVATI - Bajardi: abduraxmonov dalerbek tekshiruvchi

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Bajardi: abduraxmonov dalerbek tekshiruvchi
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 156,5 Kb. | | #244384 |
Bog'liq Biznes Reja Eco 08 (2)4. ISHLAB CHIKARISH QUVVATI
Xarajatlarni xisoblash va tannarxni aniklash.
Korxona tomonidan buxanka non maxsuloti tayyorlanadi. Endi shu maxsulotni tayyorlash uchun ketadigan xarajatlarni xisoblab chikamiz. Xammamizga ma'lumki 100 kg undan 90 kg xamir tayyorlanadi.
1.Non ishlab chikarish xarajati.
100 kg un x 5000 sum = 500000 cum
2 kg tuz x 3000 sum = 6000 sum
500 gr achitki x 2000 sum = 2000 sum
Jami: 508000 sum
Ushbu maxsulotlardan og’irligi 500 gr bulgan 180 dona buxanka non pishiriladi. Korxona tomonidan kredit mablag’iga olingan non ishlab chikarish uskunasida 24 ta qolib bulib xar bir qolibda 4 tadan non pishirish qutisi mavjud bu degani 96 kuti soatiga 96 dona non ishlab chikarish kuvvatiga egadir. Bundan kelib chikib korxonada 2 ta non pishirish uskunasi va soatiga 96 dona non maxsuloti ishlab chikarish kuvvatiga egadir. Demak Bir oyda 24 ish kuni 1 kunda 8 soat ish vakti 8 x 96 = 768 dona tayyor non maxsuloti.
Korxona non maxsulotlarini bozor narxidan kelib chikib o’rtacha 25000 sumdan sotishni rejalashtirgan.
Makaron maxsulotlari ishlab chikarish xarajatlarni xisoblash va tannarxni aniklash
Tadbirkor tomonidan 100 kg makaron maxsulotlari ishlab chikarish uchun ketadigan xarajatlarni xisoblaymiz.
100 kg makaron maxsulotlari ishlab chikarish xarajatlari
1. 80 kg un maxsuloti x 5000 sum = 400000
2. Tuxum 40 dona x 1500 sum = 60000
3. Tuz 3 kg x 3000 = 9000
Jami : 469000 sum
Demak 100 kg makaron maxsulotlari ishlab chikarish uchun 469000 sumlik xom ashyo zarur xisoblanadi. Korxonada bir kunda urtacha 8 soat ish vakti 1 oyda 24 kun ish kunidan iborat. Tadbirkor tomonidan olingan makaron ishlab chikarish uskunasi soatiga 10 kg makaron maxsulotlari ishlab chikarish quvvatiga egadir. Demak 1 kunda 80 kg makaron maxsuloti ishlab chikariladi bundan kelib chikib ,
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Kernel Modules - Linux: This Book Includes 4 Manuscripts. The Underground Bible to the unix operating System with...

address space as the other kernel code. A module error is critical to the
system .
Features Of System Libraries
Linux system
libraries are
dynamic libraries that are only loaded into
memory when needed. They perform a number of functions:
❖
Implementation
of system call packers
❖
Extension of system call functionality (such libraries include the C
language I / O library, which implements functions such as printf ()
based
on system calls
❖
implementation of user-mode service functions (sorting, row
processing, etc.)
URL (Uniform Resouree locator) -

URL (Uniform Resouree locator) -
bu WWW dagi adres, resursni
ko‘rsatuvchi birlik ko‘rsatkich Internet orqali kirish mumkin bo‘lgan
fayl yoki resurs nomi. O‘z ichiga protokol nomi, uzel nomi va faylgacha
bo‘lgan yo‘lni oladi. Http, ftp, gopher, wais – tipik protokollar
hisoblanadi.
HTML (HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE) -
tarmoqni
skanerlash dasturi (browser) orqali kirib, gipertekst yozish tili;
axborotlarni tarmoqda gipertekstli sahifa ko‘rinishida joylashtirishda
foydalaniladi
HTML-koder (HTML-verstalshik)
- stil va grafik bezash
xususiyatlarini HTML-kod ko‘rinishida hisobga olgan holda loyiha
179
umumiy
konsepsiyasini
amalga
oshiruvchi
mutaxassis.
Talab
qilinayotgan malaka; HTML, DHTML va CSS tilini mukammal bilish,
WEB-saytni testdan o‘tkaza olish, monitordagi ranglarni tanlay olish,
barcha aktiv elementlar (gipersilki, knopkalar, banerlar va boshqalar)
faoliyatini nazorat qila olish.
WWW (Word Wide Web) –
butun jahon tarmog‘i, Internet qism
bo‘limi, gipermatnli aloqaga asoslangan, Internet bilan aloqa bo‘lganda
qidiruvga osonlik bilan kirishuvchi tarmoq.
Web-programmist – Web
-sayt uchun qo‘yilgan masalaga mos,
maxsus dastur tuzuvchi mutaxassis. Talab qilinadigan malaka: Java, C/S
Q Q, MuSQH, Rerl, RNR, ASP, SST, HTML va boshqa tillarni bilish.
Web-site-Web tarmog‘i axborot uzeli, ma’lum bir mavzu bo‘yicha
axborot beradi, biror-bir shaxs yoki tashkilot tomonidan qo‘llab-
quvvatlanadi.
Web-site
– (boshqa variantlari:
veb-sayt
,
veb sayt
,
website
,
web
site
yoki shunchaki
sayt
; ingl.
web
— «to‘r» va
site
— «joy») deb
kompyuter tarmog‘idagi bir elektron manzilda joylashgan elektron
hujjatlar majmuyiga aytiladi. Elektron manzil domen yoki IP shaklida
bo‘ladi. Veb saytni veb sahifadan farqlash lozim: veb sahifa veb
saytdagi sahifalardan biri.
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XIZMATCHI FAYL PROTSESSORI (FILE SERVER) -

178
SHLYUZ (GATEWAY) -
turli ikki tarmoqni birlashtiruvchi
qurilma. Shlyuz o‘z protsessoriga va xotirasiga ega, u kanallar sig‘imini,
protokolni o‘zgartira oladi.
SHTRIXLI KODLASHTIRISH (BARCODE) -
alfavit-raqamli
va raqamli ma’lumotlarni turli qalinlikdagi vertikal chiziqlar vositasida
kodlashtirish. Maxsus qurilma yordamida o‘qiladi, aniqlanadi va
kompyuter yordamida ishlov beriladi. Shtrixli kodlash kutubxonalarda
berilayotgan adabiyotlarni hisobga olishda ishlatiladi.
FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL) -
(fayllarni uzatuvchi
protokol) ixtiyoriy faylni uzeldagi mashinaga ko‘chirib o‘tkazuvchi ish
quroli. Modem orqali fayldan nusxa olib o‘z kompyuteringizga yozib
qo‘yishingiz mumkin.
ISBN (INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER) -
kitob nashrlarining xalqaro standarti.
ISSN (INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER) -
davriy nashrlar xalqaro standart nomeri
OPAC (ONLINE PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOG) -
jamoatchilik
tomonidan foydalaniladigan tezkor katalog. Elektron kutubxona
katalogidagi qidiruv tizimi.
ON-LINE -
real vaqt rejimida kirish (hozir va shu yerda).
UMUMIY LITSENZIYA –
individual muhokamalarsiz oldindan
kelishilgan shartlar asosida ko‘p sondagi asarlardan foydalanishga ruxsat
beradi. Mualliflik huquqi ma’nosida bunday litsenziya bir guruhga
kiruvchi asarlar uchun beriladi. Shu yo‘l bilan bir qancha asarlardan
foydalanish ruxsatini olish soddalashadi, chunki bir guruhga kiruvchi
barcha asarlar uchun bitta kelishuv imzolanadi. Odatda minglab, hattoki
millionlab
himoyalangan
asarlardan
foydalanishni
jamoaviy
boshqaruvchi tashkilotlar tomonidan bunday litsenziya beriladi.
Sarmoyaning Xarajat yunalishi

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Sarmoyaning Xarajat yunalishi
|
bet | 2/4 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 156,5 Kb. | | #244384 |
Bog'liq Biznes Reja Eco 08 (2)2 Sarmoyaning Xarajat yunalishi
Jadval.1
Т\r
|
Sotib olinadigan mulk va xom ashyolar
|
O’lchov birligi
|
Soni
|
Sotib olish baxosi
(Sum)
|
Jami summasi
(Ming sum)
|
1
|
Non maxsulotlari ishlab chiqarish uskunasi (PECH)
|
Komp
|
2
|
2 700 000
|
5400,0
|
2
|
Xamir qorigich uskunasi
|
Dona
|
2
|
570 000
|
1140,0
|
3
|
Stol maxsus
|
Komp
|
2
|
530 000
|
1060,0
|
3
|
Makaron maxshuloti ishlab chiqarish uskunasi
|
Dona
|
2
|
3100 000
|
6200,0
|
4
|
Makaron qurutkich (sushka)
|
Dona
|
1
|
1200 000
|
1200,0
|
|
Jami:
|
|
|
|
15000,0
|
5. BOZOR TAXLILI
Shaxar xududida 180,0 ming atrofida axoli yashaydi bu 28,0 ming oila. Ishlab chikarish faoliyati olib boriladigan manzil Qumqo’rg’on shaxri Ishlab chikarish binolari 86 m2 ni tashkil kiladi. shaxar xamda maxala axolisining, non va makaron maxsulotlariga bulgan talabini nisbatan qondirish maqsadida faoliyat olib boradi.
Korxona o’z faoliyatini yo’lga qo’ygan xolda nisbatan arzon baxoda sifatli xar xil turdagi makaron maxsulotlarini ishlab chikaradi. Mijozlarga o’z vaktida buyurtma buyicha va umumiy tartibda maxsulot sotish xizmatlarini kursatadi.
Yuqorida ko’rsatilgan maxsulot xajmi uskunaning 100 % kuvvat bilan ishlagan xolda ish vakti 1 smenada rejalashtirilgan.
Korxona tomonidan ishlab chikarishni yo’lga qo’yish, ishlab chiqarish orqali yuqori samaradorlikga erishgan xolda kredit summasini qaytarish qobiliyatiga egadir. Korxonada ushbu faoliyatga mexnatga layokatli 6 nafar ishchilar ishlaydi va bu bilan 6 kishi uchun yangi ish urinlari yaratiladi.
Korxona o'z faoliyatini olib borish asosida ishlab chikarishning takomillashuviga va rivojlanishiga asosiy e'tiborini karatadi.
Korxona tomonidan olingan kredit mablagining maksadli foydalanishi, kreditning o’z vaqtida qaytarilishini nazorat qilish belgilangan tartibda bank muassasi va solik organi tomonidan amalga oshiriladi.
Korxona o’z faoliyatini amalga oshirish davomida tashqi muxit ta'sirida nosog’lom vaziyatlar kelish extimolini bartaraf etish uchun belgilangan tartibda veterinariya xizmati, sanitariya epidimologiya inspektsiyasini va sugurta tashkiloti bilan o’zaro aloxida munosabat majburiyatlarini tuzadi.
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PLAGIAT (plagiarism) - M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

177
urinish. Plagiat – bu nusxa ko‘chirishning bir turi bo‘lib, mualliflik
huquqini buzilishi hisoblanadi. O‘z faoliyatida (ilmiy maqola, kitob,
hisobot, ma’ruzalarni yozishda) axborot resurslaridan foydalanish
jarayonida mualliflik huquqlariga qat’iy rioya qilish lozim. Hujjatni
yaratishda foydalanilgan manbalarga albatta havolalar keltirish lozim.
Plagiarizmni tushunish yangi axborot resurslarini, ayniqsa ilmiy-axborot
resurslarini yaratishda muhim hisoblanadi. Mualliflik huquqlari har bir
mamlakatda mualliflik va turdosh huquqlari to‘risidagi tegishli qonunlar
bilan muhofaza qilinadi.
AXBOROT
ALMASHINUVI
(Data
communications)
–
axborotni alfavit-raqamli simvollardan iborat bo‘lgan elektrik impulslar
ko‘rinishida yetkazib berishni, aks ettiradi. Ma’lumotlarni uzatish audio
va video signallarini uzatishdan farq qiladi.
PROVAYDER
(provider)
– tarmoq, axborot, Internet, elektron
pochta xizmatlari ta’minotchisi.
PROTOKOL TSR/IP
– Internet tarmog‘ida kompyuter tomonidan
foydalaniladigan protokol. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) –
uzatishlarni nazorat qilish protokoli – protsessorlar orasidagi aloqani
ta’minlashga javobgar. IP (Internet Protocol) – Internet protokoli –
kompyuterlar orasidagi aloqalarni ta’minlashga javobgar.
PROTOKOL Z39.50
– ma’lumotlarni uzatishda yuqori darajada
ishlaydigan 7 pog‘onalik model va turli xil dasturlar ishlash,
foydalanuvchilarga ma’lumotlar bazasidan to‘liq qidirish imkonini
beradigan protokol.
INTERNET PROMOUTERI
– Internet loyiha marketingi bilan
shug‘ullanadigan mutaxassis, reklama tadbirlari tashkiloti, axborot
mahsulotlari bozorini o‘rganish, katalog resurslari va qidiruv tizimlari
loyihalarida saytni ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazish, baner almashish tarmog‘ida
qatnashish va h.k.
JAHON AXBOROT RESURSLARI - M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

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M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. GaniyevaBog'liq 1.RaxmatullayevM. GaniyevaB. Jahon axborot resurslariJAHON AXBOROT RESURSLARI
»
FANIDAN
LABORATORIYA MASHG‘ULOTLARI
1-laboratoriya ishi
MAVZU: MASHHUR ELEKTRON ILMIY-TA’LIMIY
RESURSLAR VEB-SAYTLARINING TAHLILI
Laboratoriya ishining maqsadi:
yetakchi mamlakatlardagi
elektron ilmiy-ta’limiy resurslarni ta’minlovchi mashhur ilmiy va
axborot markazlari veb-saytlarini tahlil qilish.
Laboratoriya ishini tashkil qilish vositalari:
shaxsiy kompyuter,
Internet.
Laboratoriya
ishinining
qisqacha
mazmuni:
ma’ruza
mashg‘ulotlarida o‘zlashtirilgan bilimlar asosida talabalar jahon axborot
resuslari veb-saytlarini turli me’zonlar (axborot ko‘lami, interfeys
qulayligi) bo‘yicha tahlil qiladi. Bunday veb-saytlar, asosan ilmiy
izlanuvchilar, o‘qituvchilar va talabalarga ilmiy-axborot xizmatini
ko‘rsatuvchi oliy ta’lim, ilmiy-tadqiqot markazlari va tijorat
tashkilotlariga tegishli. Ularning qidiruv imkoniyatlari, axborotni taqdim
etish va uzatishda xalqaro standartlarga amal qilinganligi ham tadqiq
qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, bunday saytlardan axborot-kutubxona va o‘quv
muassasalarida foydalanish bo‘yicha talabalar o‘zlarining xulosalarini
beradilar.
Ishni bajarish uchun zarur ko‘nikmalar:
ushbu ishni bajarish
uchun
talabalar
Internetdan
foydalanish,
zamonaviy
qidiruv
mexanizmlarini tushunish va axborot resurslarini tahlil qilishni bilishlari
lozim.
Laboratoriya ishining bosqichlari va tuzilmasi:
1. KIRISH
1.1. Axborot manbasining to‘liq va shartli qisqartirilgan nomlari
(sayt, ma’lumotlar bazasi nomi), saytni taqdim etuvchi tashkilot
(kompaniya) haqida qisqacha ma’lumot.
1.2. Axborot manbasining maqsadi va vazifalari haqida qisqacha
ma’lumot
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M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva - bet 21

47
Asarlarni elektron taqdim etishning xilma-xilligi, axborotni
tarqatishda Internet va telekommunikatsiya vositalarining ulkan
imkoniyatlari o‘z navbatida asar yaratuvchilari uchun mualliflik
huquqini himoya qilish muammosini yuzaga keltirdi. Shu munosabat
bilan
elektron
resurlarni
shakllantiruvchi
axborot-kutubxona
muassasalari va boshqa muassasalar mazkur resurslarning mualliflik
huquqlari himoyalanganligi, ulardan foydalanish huquqiga qanchalik
ega ekanliklari, respublikamizda mazkur masalaga qaratilgan hukumat
qarorlari va qonunning mavjudligiga ahamiyat qaratishlari zarur. Bunda
katta mas’uliyat qimmatli elektron fondlarga ega bo‘lgan va yangilarini
yaratayotgan axborot-kutubxona muassasalari zimmasiga tushadi.
LITSENZION KELISHUV - M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

LITSENZION KELISHUV ____________ sh.
«___» _________________
20___y.
Biz, quyida imzo chekuvchilar, F.I.Sh.
Axborot-kutubxona muassasasi rahbari (keyingi o‘rinlarda LITSENZIATOR ) ___________va muallif yoki asarga huquq egasining FISh (keyingi
o‘rinlarda MUALLIF) ___________ «MUALLIFLIK VA TURDOSH
HUQUQLARI»
to‘g‘risidagi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonuni
(21.07.2006 y. O‘ZRQ-42)ga amal qilgan holda
1.SHARTNOMA MAZMUNI LITSENZIATOR ga
MUALLIFning_____________________________asardan
(keyingi
o‘rinlarda ASAR) elektron formatda foydalanish uchun beriladigan
mualliflik huquqi quyidagi shartlar asosida amalga oshiriladi.
2.MAZKUR LITSENZIYA TOMONIDAN BERILADIGAN HUQUQLAR MUALLIF asardan elektron shaklda foydalanishga quyidagi shartlar
bajarilgach foydalanishga taqdim etadi (
tanlansin ):
1. LITSENZIATOR tomonidan asardan cheklovlarsiz foydalanish;
2. Asarni raqamlashtirish;
3. LITSENZIATORning lokal tarmog‘i orqali asarning elektron
shaklidan bepul foydalanishga imkon yaratish;
4. LITSENZIATOR lokal tarmog‘i orqali asarning elektron
shaklidan pullik foydalanishni yo‘lga qo‘yish;
5. LITSENZIATOR saytiga asarni Internet orqali ochiq
foydalanishga qo‘yish;
6. LITSENZIATOR saytiga asarni Internet orqali pullik
foydalanishga qo‘yish;
7. Asarning elektron shaklidan LITSENZIATORning quyidagi
____________________________
(bo‘lim
nomlari)
bo‘limlarida
foydalanish;
8. Asardan nusxa ko‘chirish huquqisiz foydalanish;
9. Asardan boshqa muassasalarga tarqatish huquqisiz foydalanish;
10. MUALLIFga asardan foydalanish statistikasini taqdim etish;
11. Asardan foydalanishda foydalanuvchini ro‘yxatdan o‘tkazish
shartiga amal qilish;
12. Boshqa shartlar (ko‘rsatilsin) ____________________________
Huquqiy cheklovlar - M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. Ganiyeva

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M. A. Raxmatullayev, B. I. GaniyevaBog'liq 1.RaxmatullayevM. GaniyevaB. Jahon axborot resurslariHuquqiy cheklovlar
Huquq me’yorlari asosida har bir kutubxona foydalanuvchilarini o‘z
fondlarida saqlanayotgan hujjatlar mualliflik huquqi, intellektual mulk
himoyasi ostidagi ekanligi yoxud boshqa qonuniy hujjatlar asosida
himoyalanishini tushuntirishlari lozim Bu maqsadlar uchun odatda
broshyuralar, mualliflik huquqi to‘g‘risida nusxalash va foydalanish
haqida axborot varaqalari orqali tarqatiladi.
Mualliflik huquqi muallif vafotidan keyin 70 yilgacha amal qiladi.
Britaniya kutubxonasida bunday mualliflarning asarlarini nucxalashda
asarning huquq egalaridan ruxsat olinishi yoki nusxa olish uchun haq
to‘lanishi lozim. (copyright fee). Lekin bu tartib notijorat maqsadda
foydalanuvchilar uchun qo‘llanilmaydi.
AQSHning
Kongress
kutubxonasi
materiallarni
nusxalash
borasidagi siyosatda mualliflik huquqi to‘g‘risidagi Qonunga asoslanadi.
Huquq egalari nusxalashga, asarni ijro etishga ruxsat berishda bitta
chegaralanish, bu «halol foydalanish» («fair use») doktrinasidir.
Kodeks halol foydalanishda har bir konkret holat uchun to‘rtta
faktorni aniqlab beradi:
1.
Foydalanishning maqsad va xarakteri – tijorat maqsadlaridami
yoki notijorat ta’limiy maqsadlardami ;
2.
Asarlarga bo‘lgan mualliflik huquqlarining tabiati;
3.
Mualliflik
huquqi
qonuni
bilan
himoyalangan
asardan
foydalanilgan qismining hajmi va ahamiyati;
4.
Potensial bozorda mualliflik huquqi qonuni bilan himoyalangan
asardan foydalanishdan keladigan samaradorlik hamda uning qiymatga
ta’siri.
AQSHda asardan «halol foydalanish»ning quyidagi holatlarini
ko‘rib o‘tish mumkin:
tanqidiy tahlilda yoki havola keltirishda illustratsiyalarning
sharhlashda qo‘llanilishi;
ilmiy yoki texnik ishlarda illustratsiya, kuzatishlarni yoritib berish
maqsadlarida asardan qisqacha parchalarni keltirish mumkin
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O’zlashtirsh operatori - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

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Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 133/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатO’zlashtirsh operatori (assignment statement) – Pythonning o’zgaruvchi nomi, = simvoli va ifodadan tashkil topgan operatori. Ifodani hisoblash natijasida hosil bo’lgan natijaga ega bo’lgan ob’ekt o’zgaruvchiga biriktirib qo’yiladi
O’zgaruvchini aniqlash va initsializatsiya qilish (defining and initializing a variable) – uzgaruvchini dastlab dasturdagi ob’ektga boglab kuyish.
Xatolarni aniqlash (raise an error) – dasturni kompilyatsiyalash yoki bajarish paytida xatolar xakida ma’lumot olish.
Yopiq (private) – mijozlar uchun kirish mumkin bulmagan
amaliyot kodi.
Python tili siz hamma joyda uchratishingiz mumkin bo‘lgan umumiy-maqsadi til. Bu tildan ish stoli va veb-ilovalarda, serverlar, mashinali o‘qitish va media vositalarida foydalaniladi. Undan NASA va Google kabi yirik kompaniyalar foydalanishadi. Python yaratuvchisi Juido van Rossum Google kompaniyasida 8 yil ishlagan va Python kodini yozgan. Python kodi
207
o‘qish uchun tushunarli va yaxshi tuzilgan. Bundan tashqari, Python mashinali o‘rganish va ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish uchun ajoyib Scikit-learn va Pandas.kutubxonalarga ega. Agar Python yaratuvchisi bo‘lib olsangiz siz turli IT- tarmoqlarida o‘zingizning karerangizni qurishingiz mumkin. Bu boshlovchilar uchun mukammal bir aniq va tushunarli bo‘lgan yuqori darajali tildir. Masalan:
def fib_recursion(i): if i > 1:
return fib_recursion(i-1) + fib_recursion(i-2) return i
for i in range(10):
print i, fib_recursion(i)
Ushbu kodda biz Fibonachchi ketma-ketligini hisoblash uchun o‘z funksiyamizni yaratdik va uni ekranda namoyish qildik. Juda murakkab matematik amalni tasvirlash uchun faqat 6 ta satr kerak bo‘ldi. Ayni paytda ikkita versiya dolzarb ekanligini eslatib o‘tamiz: Python 2 va Python 3. Siz asos sifatida ikkinchisini olganingiz maqul, negaki Python 2 ni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va uni ustida faol ish olib borish juda tez orada to‘xtaydi.
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Modul (module) - .py - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

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Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 130/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатModul (module) - .py kengaytirgichli fayl bo’lib, uning tuzilishi shundayki, imkoniyatlari Pythonning boshqa dasturlarida ham ko’p marta ishlatilishi mumkin
Modulli dasturlash (modular programming) – hal qilinayotgan masalani yechishga yo’naltirilgan va alohida, bir-biriga bog’liq bo’lmagan modullardan foydalanishni nazarda tutadigan dasturlash usuli
Modulli testlashtirish (unit testing) – modulga tekshirish kodini ham joylashtirish usuli
Ma’lumotlarning iterastiya qilinadigan turi (iterable data type) – iteratorga uning elementlari tomonidan qaytariladiga ma’lumot turi, masalan, list, tuple, str, dict va set
Mijoz (client) – API orqali amalga oshiriladigan dastur
Num Py – raqamli masalalarni yechishga imkon beradigan Pyton
None ob’ekti – hech qanday ob’ektni ifoda etmaydigan mahsus ob’ekt
Nusxa o’zgaruvchisi (instance variable) – klassda aniqlanigan va ma’lumotlar turi qiymatini ko’rsatadigan o’zgaruvchi
Nusxa usuli (instance method) – konkret ma’lumotlar turi uchun operatsiyalarni amalga oshirish (aniq ob’ekt uchun chaqiriladigan funktsiya)
204
Nusxa (instance) – qandaydir aniq klassga mansub ob’ekt
Ob’ekt (object) – identifikatori, turi va qiymati bilan tavsiflangan konkret ma’lumotlarni mashina hotirasida joylashtirilgani
Ob’ektga ilova (ob’ject reference) – ob’ekt identifikatorining konkret ko’rinishi (hotiraning ob’ekt saqlanadigan joyi manzili – adresi)
Ob’ektga yo’naltirigan dasturlash (object-oriented programming) – real yoki abstract borliqni ma’lumotlar turlari va ob’ektlar vositasida modellashtirishni nazarda tutadigan dasturlash usuli
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Internet do‘kon - Informatikaning asosiy atamalari

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Informatikaning asosiy atamalari
|
bet | 35/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатInternet do‘kon - xarid qilish buyurtmalarini qabul qiluvchi, foydalanuvchi hisoblash variantini, buyurtmani olish usulini taklif qiluvchi va to‘lov uchun hisob-kitob qilishni taklif qiluvchi mahsulot yoki xizmatni reklama qiluvchi interaktiv veb- sayt.
Internet jamiyati (Internet society (ISOC)) - Internetni rivojlantirish sohasida xamkorlikni tashqillashtirish va muvofiklashtirish masalalari bilan shugullanuvchi xalqaro notijorat tashqiloti. ISOC 1991 yili AKShda manfaatdor tashqilotlar tomonidan tuzilgan. Uning asosiy vazifasi zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalarini ommalashtirish va axborot tarmoqlarining global axborot infratuzilmasiga birlashishiga yordam berish hisoblanadi. Mazkur jamiyat
59
Internet tarmog‘ini rivojlantirish va undan foydalanishda yordam ko‘rsatadi. Shu bilan birga, u Internet arxitekturasini o‘rganish va tarmoqni ekspluatatsiya qilish bo‘yicha o‘qitish ishlarini olib boradi, xamda tarmoq tadkikotlari va ishlanmalarini ragbatlantiradi.
Internet marketing - Internetda auditoriya javobini olish uchun reklamaning barcha aspektlaridan foydalanish amaliyoti. Bunga Internet tarmog‘ida ishlashning ijodiy va texnik aspektlari kiradi, jumladan, dizayn, reklama va marketing. Internet marketing usullariga izlash tizimlari marketingi, banner reklamasi, e-mail marketing va email reklamasi, virusli marketing, yashirin marketing, interaktiv reklama va boshqalar kiradi.
Internet portali - (ingl. portal – darvoza) Internet foydalanuvchisiga turli interaktiv xizmatlarni (oochta, izlash, yangiliklar, forumlar va x.k.) ko‘rsatuvchi veb-sayt. portallar gorizontal (ko‘p mavzularni kamrovchi) va vertikal (ma’lum mavzuga bagishlangan, masalan avtomobil portali, yangiliklar portali), xalqaro va mintakaviy (masalan, uznet yoki runetga tegishli bo‘lgan), shuningdek, ommaviy va korporativ bo‘lishi mumkin.
Internet-2 - IPv6 protokoliga asoslangan yangi Internet infratuzilmasini yaratish loyixasi. Yuqori samaradorlik, ishonchlilik va ma’lumotlar uzatish tezligiga ega (sekundiga 2,4 Gb). Tasvir va tovushning uzilishlarsiz uzatilishini va uzatish kanallarining barkaror kengligini kafolatlaydi. Uning yordamida tarmoqning ortikcha yuklanishi muammosi xal bo‘ladi, trafikni tartibga solish va uning deyarli darxol uzatilishi imkoni paydo bo‘ladi.
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Realizatsiya yoki amalga ishirish

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Realizatsiya yoki amalga ishirish
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bet | 132/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатRealizatsiya yoki amalga ishirish (implementation) – API da amalga oshirilishi mo’ljallanilgan usullarni amalga oshiruvchi va mijoz ishlatishiga mo’ljallangan dastur
Sci Py – ilmiy masalalarni yechishga imkon beradigan Pyton
Solishtiriladigan ma’lumot turlari (comparable data type) – Pythonning oltita solishtirish operatori <, <=, >=, ==, va != lar bo’yicha ketma-ketlikni aniqlashga imkon beruvchi ma’lumotlar turi, masalan, int, str, float va bool
Standart qiymat (default value) – funktsiya chaqirilgan paytda unga mos argument uzatilmagan taqdirda parametrik o’zgaruvchiga beriladigan ob’ekt
Stsenariy (script) – odatda global kod sifatida amalga oshiriluvchi qisqa dastur va u ko’p martalab ishlatilishga mo’ljallanmagan
Terminal (terminal) – operatsion tizimning buyruqlarni kiritishga imkon beradigan ilovasi
O’zgaruvchi (variable) – ob’ektga ilovani saqlaydigan konteyner
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Qo’shimcha effect (side effect) – holatnng o’zgarishi, masalan, qandyadir doimiy ob’ektning qiymati o’zgarishi, xato aniqlanishi va shu kabilar
Qaytariladigan qiymat (return value) – funktsiyani chaqirish natijasida olinadiga ob’ekt (ilova)
Qism (slice) – massiv, qator yoki boshqacha ketma-ketlik to’plami
Toza funktsiya (pure function) – qandaydir argumentlar oladigan va xuddi o’sha qiymatni qaytaradigan funktsiya bo’lib, u qandaydir sezilarli effektni amalga oshirmaydi
O’zgarmaydigan ob’ekt (immutable object) – qiymati o’zgarishi mumkin bo’lmagan ob’ekt
O’zgarmaydigan ma’lumot turi (immutable data type) – nusxasining qiymati o’zgarmaydigan ma’lumot turi
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Kvant - Diskret fizik kattalik, masalan, signal o‘zgarishi mumkin bo‘lgan eng kam kattalik.
Kvant aloqasi

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Kvant - Diskret fizik kattalik, masalan, signal o‘zgarishi mumkin bo‘lgan eng kam kattalik.
Kvant aloqasi
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bet | 40/150 | Sana | 07.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,42 Mb. | | #131556 |
Bog'liq Информатикадан изохли лугатKvant - Diskret fizik kattalik, masalan, signal o‘zgarishi mumkin bo‘lgan eng kam kattalik.
Kvant aloqasi - kvantli ko‘rinishda kodlangan ma’lumotlarni bir nuqtadan ikkinchisiga o‘tkazish usullari to‘plamidir.
Kvant tarmog‘i - kvant mexaniqasining asosiy qonunlari yordamida uzatilgan ma’lumotlarni himoya qiluvchi aloqa tarmog‘i. Kvant kompyuter -ma’lumotlarni uzatish va qayta ishlash uchun kvant mexanikasi hodisalarini (kvant superpozitsiyasi, kvant to‘siqlari) ishlatadigan hisoblash qurilmasi.
Kvantlash qadami - Ikkita qo‘shni kvantlash darajasi o‘rtasidagi farq. U yoki bu kvantlash qadami chegarasida signalni uning yuqori qiymatiga mos keladigan darajagacha yaxlitlash amalga oshiriladi.
Kvantlash xatosi - Chiqish (kvantlangan) va kirish (analog) signallari shakllarining muvofik kelmasligi keltirib chiqaradigan xato. Kvantlash kadami kattaligiga va diskretlash chastotasiga bog‘liq.
Kvantlash shovqini - Kvantlash jarayonida yuzaga keladigan xamda additiv tarzda tiklangan foydali signal bilan kushiladigan qo‘shimcha shovkinli signal. Bu xil buzilishlarni bartaraf etib bo‘lmaydi, lekin uning kattalagini kvantlash darajalari sonini oshirish yoki kvantlash kadamini kichiklashtirish yo‘li bilan kamaytirish mumkin. Kvantlashda tasodifiy shovkindan tashqari, uta yuklanishdagi shovkin, parchalash shovkini kabi
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signalning qator spetsifik buzilishlari, shuningdek, kvazidoimiy darajali signallarni uzatishda vujudga keladigan buzilishlar paydo bo‘ladi.
Kvant kriptografiyasi. Kvant fizikasining tamoyillarini ishlatishga asoslangan kriptografik mexanizm. Xabarlarni uzatish uchun fotonlar ishlatiladi, bu kriptotahlil tomonidan axborotning shakli yoki uni uzatish jarayonini buzish mumkin emasligini kafolatlaydi. Bu mexanizm 1970-yillar oxirida chop etilgan. Hozirgi kunga kelib, kvantli kriptografiya amalda qo‘llanilmayapti, faqat tajriba sifatida ishlatiladi.
Keng polosali kanal. Ma’lumotlarni tezkor uzatishni ta’minlovchi fizik kanal. Keng polosali kanallar koaksial kabellar, radiokanallar va optik kanallar asosida yaratiladi. Ular nisbatan qimmat bo‘lgani sababli, ma’lumotlarni yuqori tezlikda uzatish talab qilinmasa, tor polosali kanallar yoki polosa asosli kanallardan foydalaniladi.
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