nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
O‘quvchilarni - Boshqarmasi

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BoshqarmasiBog'liq 1674214624 11-sinf Kimyo (o\'qituvchilar uchun qo\'llanma)5. O‘quvchilarni baholash.
O‘quvchilarni baholashda kimyoviy elementlar
belgilaridan foydalaniladi:
“5” baho; “4” baho; “3” baho.
6. Uyga vazifa:
§5 33-34 betlarni o‘qib kelish, 5-8-masalalarni yechib kelish.
To‘plamdagi oxshash mashqlarni bajarib kelish.
10-MAVZU:
Avogadro qonuni va undan kelib chiqadigan xulosalar
Darsning maqsadi:
a) Ta’limiy:
Avogadro qonuni va uning xulosalari haqida ilmiy
tushunchalarni berish. Gazlar aralashmasi va uning massasini hisoblash usullarini
o‘rgatish
-IXK2.
Organik va umumiy kimyoga oid masalalarni yecha oladi, kimyo
fanining nazariy asoslarini kundalik turmush va kasbi sohalarga tatbiq eta oladi.
b) Tarbiyaviy:
Oldingi mavzularda olingan asosiy tushunchalarni takrorlash
orqali xotirani chiniqtirish.Tartib bilan yozib borishga chorlash orqali ekologik,
estetik va mehnat tarbiyasini berish. Fizika faniga boglab tushuntirish.
TK3-
o‘rganilgan bilimlar asosida hisoblashlarni bilish va fan-texnika yangiliklaridan
habardor bo‘lish.
c) Rivojlantiruvchi:
Kimyodan masalalar yechishda turli qulay usulldan
foydalanish malakasini rivojlantirish.
Dars turi:
yangi bilim va tushunchalarni shakllantiruvchi dars
Dars uslubi:
aralash
Dars jihozi:
test tarqatmalari darslik, davriy Sistema
Dars uchun talab etiladigan vaqt: 45 minut
Darsning texnologik chizmasi
Dars bosqichlari
Vaqt
Tashkiliy qism
O‘tilgan mavzuni takrorlash
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Uyga vazifa - Boshqarmasi

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BoshqarmasiBog'liq 1674214624 11-sinf Kimyo (o\'qituvchilar uchun qo\'llanma)6. Uyga vazifa:
§4 23-27 betlarni o‘qib kelish
7-MAVZU:
Kristall panjara turlari. Kompleks birikmalar haqida tushuncha.
Darsning maqsadi:
a) Ta’limiy:
Kristall panjara turlari haqida ilmiy tushunchalar berish. Kristall
panjara turiga ko‘ra moddalar xossalarining o‘ziga xosligi haqida ma’lumot berish.
IXK2-kimyoga doir nazariy qonunlarni moxiyatini anglash.
-
Kristall panjara
turlarini misollar yordamida ifodalay oladi va kimyoviy tilda to‘g‘ri talaffuz
qiladi.
b) Tarbiyaviy:
Metall, ion, atomli va molekulyar kristall panjarali moddalarning
asosiy xossalariga ko‘ra ishlatilish sohalari haqida ma’lumot berishda fanlararo
bog‘lanishga erishish, iqtisodiy, ekologik tarbiya berish.
c) Rivojlantiruvchi:
Moddalarning ichki tuzilishlari haqidagi tasavvurlarni
rivojlantirish.
TK3- O‘zini-o‘zi rivojlantirish kompetensiyasi - kimyoviy moddalar
haqidagi tushunchalar orqali bilimini oshirib borish.
Dars turi:
yangi bilim va tushunchalarni shakllantiruvchi dars
Dars uslubi:
aralash (leksiya, suhbat, munozara, test savollari bilan ishlash)
Dars jihozi:
davriy sistema,kristall panjara namunalari
Dars uchun talab etiladigan vaqt: 45 minut
29
Darsning texnologik chizmasi
Dars bosqichlari
Vaqt
Tashkiliy qism
O‘tilgan mavzuni takrorlash
Yangi mavzuni yoritish
Guruhlarda ishlash. Yangi mavzuni tahlil qilish
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Dars uchun talab etiladigan vaqt

26
O‘tilgan mavzuni takrorlash
Yangi mavzuni yoritish
Guruhlarda ishlash. Yangi mavzuni tahlil qilish
Darsni yakunlash
Uyga beriladigan topshiriqlar
Darsning borishi
1. Tashkiliy qism:
O‘quvchilar bilan salomlashish, davomatni aniqlash
2. O‘tilgan mavzular bo‘yicha savol-javob:
Zarrachalar Alfa Praton Neytron Elektiron Protiy Gamma Positron Betta
Zaryadi
Massasi
8-sinfda o‘rganilgan ma’lumotlarni takrorlab olish
a) Kimyoviy bog‘lanish nima?
b) Kimyoviy bog‘lanishning qanday turlarini bilasiz?
c) NEM deganda nimani tushunasiz?
3. Yangi mavzuni tushuntirish:
1) Kimyoviy bog‘lanish va uning xususiyatlariga ta’rif berish:
Kimyoviy bog‘ deganda atomlarning o‘zaro ta’sirlanishi
natijasida molekulalar,
ionlar, radikallar va kristallarning o‘zaro bog‘lanishi tushuniladi.
Kimyoviy bog‘
hosil bo‘lishida: atomlarning juftlashmagan elеktronlari; bitta orbitalda
joylashgan juft elеktronlar; bo‘sh (vakant) orbitallar ishtirok etishi mumkin.
Darsni yakunlash - Boshqarmasi

30
Kristall moddalarda zarrachalar ma’lum tartib bilan joylashgan bo‘ladi va
fazoviy kristall panjarani hosil qiladi. Fazoviy kristall panjaraning ko‘p marta
takrorlanib, jismning butun
hajmini hosil qiladigan qismi molekulyar elementar
yacheyka deyiladi.
Kristall panjaralar zarrachalarning fazoda joylashish xususiyati va
zarrachalar orasidagi o‘zaro ta’sir turiga qarab molekulyar, atomli, ionli va
metall panjaralarga bo‘linadi.
Molekulyar kristall panjarali
moddalarda
kristall panjara tugunlarida,
elektroneytral molekulalar bo‘ladi. Shu sababli molekulyar panjara ancha bo‘sh va
unda molekulalar o‘z xossalarini saqlab qolgan bo‘ladi
Sana: sentabr Sinf: 8 Fan: Informatika - bet 7

Sana: sentabr Sinf: 8 Fan: Informatika
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11,02 Mb.
bet
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26.12.2019
Hajmi
11,02 Mb.
#5375
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Dərs
Mühazirə
Qaydalar
Referat
Xülasə
Yazı
Sana: sentabr Sinf: 8 Fan: Informatika
Download
11,02 Mb.
Javob: 1-elektrolizyorda 66 g; 2 – elektrolizyorda 128 g

185 Javob: 1-elektrolizyorda 66 g; 2 – elektrolizyorda 128 g. 2-masala. 458,7 g suvda 73,3 g Na
2
SO
4
va CdSO
4
aralashmasi eritildi. Kadmiyni
batamom ajratib olish uchun eritmadan 2 A kuchga ega bo‘lgan tok 24125 sekund
davomida o‘tkazilgan bo‘lsa, aralashmadagi tuzlarning massalarini toping.
Masalaning yechimi:
1) Elektroliz tenglamasi yoziladi:
2) Elektrokimyoviy ekvivalent mol topiladi:
3) Bundan Cd ning massasi topiladi: m = E N = 56ekv 0,5 = 28
4) Cd massasidan CdSO
4
topiladi:
5) Umumiy massa 73,3 g bo‘lganligi uchun Na
2
SO
4
massasi: m = 73,3 - 52 = 21,3
g ekanligi kelib chiqadi. Javob: 52g CdSO 4 ; 21,3 g Na 2 SO 4 3-masala. 200 ml 0,1 M Cu (NO3)2 va 300 ml 0,1 M AgNO3 eritmalarining
aralashmasi 4 A tok kuchi bilan 965 sekund davomida elektroliz qilindi.
Elektroliz tugagandan keyin eritmadagi tuzning massasini (g) toping.
Masalaning yechimi:
1) Reaksiya tenglamalari yoziladi:
2) Dastlab molyar konsentratsiyani topish formulasidan tuzlarning massalari
aniqlanadi.
3) Beketov qatorida Ag, Cu dan keyin turganligi uchun dastlab kumushga ketgan
tok kuchi aniqlanadi:
Demak, Ag ajralib chiqishi uchun 2 A tok ketgan bo‘lsa, Cu chiqishi uchun:
4A – 3A = 1A tok kuchi qoladi.
186 Dastlabki Cu (NO
3
)
2
dan elektrolizga uchragan tuz massasi ayirilsa, qolgan tuzning
massasi kelib chiqadi: 3,76 - 0,94 = 2,82g Cu(NO
3
)
2
Dars turi: 
Mustahkamlovchi 
Dars uslubi

Dars turi:
Mustahkamlovchi
Dars uslubi:
Aralash
Dars jihozi:
Darslik, tarqatma materiallar
Darsning texnologik chizmasi
Dars bosqichlari
Vaqt
Tashkiliy qism
O‘tilgan mavzuni takrorlash
Yangi mavzuni yoritish
Guruhlarda ishlash. Yangi mavzuni tahlil qilish
Darsni yakunlash
Uyga beriladigan topshiriqlar
Darsning borishi
1. Tashkiliy qism:
O‘quvchilar bilan salomlashish, davomatni aniqlash
2. Nazariy ma’lumotlarni takrorlab olish:
1) Faradeyning birinchi qonunini ta’riflang.
2) Ikkinchi qonunni ta’riflang.
3) Suyuqlanma va suvli eritmalar elektrolizida mahsulotlar farqi qanday bo‘ladi?
3. Namunaviy masalalar yechish:
182
1-masala. 250 g 8,94% li KCl eritmasidan 3 A tok kuchi 9650 sekund davomida
o‘tkazilganda hosil bo‘lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini (%) toping.
Masalaning yechimi: KCl eritmasi elektroliz qilinganda katodda vodorod,
anodda esa xlor gazlari ajralib chiqadi:
Demak, dastlabki eritmada 0,3 g/ekv KCl bor bo‘lgan ekan. Endi shu
eritmadan o‘tgan ekvivalent tok miqdorini aniqlaymiz:
Topilgan qiymatlardan xulosa qilib aytishimiz mumkinki, eritmada 0,3 g/ekv
KCl bo‘lgan va eritmadan 0,3 ekvivalent miqdorda tok o‘tgan. Demak, KCl ning
eritmasidan o‘tkazilgan tok KCl ni to‘liq elektrolizga uchratish uchun yetarli
miqdorda bo‘lgan ekan. Elektrolizdan so‘ng eritmada erigan modda bo‘lib KOH
hisoblanadi va foiz konsentratsiya shu modda massasiga nisbatan hisoblanadi.
Elektroliz reaksiyasida 0,3 g/ekv KCl sarflangan bo‘lsa, 0,3 g/ekv vodorod,
0,3 g/ekv xlor va 0,3 g/ekv KOH hosil bo‘ladi (Izoh: ekvivalent miqdor,reaksiyaga
kirishgan va hosil bo‘lgan moddalar uchun umum iy bo‘ladi):
Endi elektrolizdan so‘ng hosil bo‘lgan eritma massasini aniqlaymiz. Buning
uchun eritmadan gaz holatida chiqib ketgan vodorod va xlor massalarini topib
olamiz:
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Kvant sonlar – atomdagi elektron energiyasi va harakatini ko’rsatuvchi kattalik

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Kvant sonlar – atomdagi elektron energiyasi va harakatini ko’rsatuvchi kattalik
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 0,83 Mb. | | #100080 |
Bog'liq 6-darsKvant sonlar – atomdagi elektron energiyasi va harakatini ko’rsatuvchi kattalik. - bosh kvant soni n,
- orbital kvant soni l,
- magnit kvant soni ,
- spin kvant soni .
- Kvant sonlar atomdagi har bir elektron uchun o‘ziga xos pasport.
Bosh kvant son (n). - Bosh kvant son n – elektronning energiyasini, uning yadrodan uzoqlik darajasini, ya’ni elektron harakat qilib turgan qavatni xarakterlaydi.
- Bosh kvant son birdan boshlab barcha butun sonlarga (n = 1, 2, 3 ...) ega bo‘lishi mumkin
1
2
3
ядро
Orbital kvant son (l). - Orbital kvant son l – atom orbitalining shaklini ko‘rsatadi.
[l = 0, 1, 2 ... (n – 1)] l=0
l = 1 p- orbital (pog’onacha) gantel shaklda
l = 2 d- orbital (pog’onacha)
l = 3 f- orbital (pog’onacha)
l = 4 g- orbital (pog’onacha)
d- orbital qo’shgantel ko’rinishida Bosh va orbital kvant sonlari orasidagi bog'liqlik.
n
|
l
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Pog’onacha belgisi
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1
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0
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s
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2
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0,1
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s,p
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3
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0,1,2
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s,p,d
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4
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0,1,2,3
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s,p,d,f
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5
|
0,1,2,3,
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s,p,d,f
| Pog‘onachadagi maksimal elektronlar soni: 2 (2 l+1) Har bir energetik pog‘onadagi pog‘onachalar soni: Har bir energetik pog‘onadagi elektronlar soni:
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S-2 ning oxirgi elektroni uchun kvant sonlarini toping

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S-2 ning oxirgi elektroni uchun kvant sonlarini toping
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 0,83 Mb. | | #100080 |
Bog'liq 6-dars 4. S-2 ning oxirgi elektroni uchun kvant sonlarini toping. A) 3; 1; +1; -1/2; B) 3; 1; -1; -1/2; C) 3; 1; 0; +1/2; D) 4; 0; 0; -1/2; 5. Nechta pog’onachaning bosh va orbital kvant sonlari yig’indisi 3 ga teng. 5. Nechta pog’onachaning bosh va orbital kvant sonlari yig’indisi 3 ga teng. A) 2 ta B) 3 ta C) 1 ta D) 4 ta 6. Tashqi energetik pog‘onasidagi elektroni n =4, l =0, ml =0, ms =1/ 2 kvant sonlar bilan ifodalangan element atomini aniqlang. Uning elektronlar bilan to‘lgan nechta 3d – orbitali bor? A) Cr; 5; B) V; 2; C) K; 0; D) Ag; 1 7. Tartib raqami 31 bo’lgan galliy atomining valent p–elektroni uchun kvant sonlari 7. Tartib raqami 31 bo’lgan galliy atomining valent p–elektroni uchun kvant sonlari ( n, l, ml , ms ) ni aniqlang. - 4;1;+2;+0,5; B) 4;2;+2;-0,5;
C) 3;1;-1;+0,5; D) 4;1;-1;+0,5. 8. Qaysi pog‘onacha oldin to‘ladi: 6s yoki 4f; va 5p yoki 4d? A) 6s va 5p; B) 6s va 4d; C) 4f va 5p; D) 4f va 4d 9. Galliy atomi valent elektronlarining kvant sonlarini ( n,l,ml ,ms ) aniqlang. 9. Galliy atomi valent elektronlarining kvant sonlarini ( n,l,ml ,ms ) aniqlang. A) n=4;4;4 l=0;0;1 ml=0;0;-1 ms=+ ½;- ½;+ ½; B) n=4;4;4 l=1;1;1 ml=-1;+1;-1 ms=+ ½;- ½;+ ½; C) n=3;3;3 l=1;1;2 ml=0;0;-1 ms=+ ½;+ ½;+ ½; D) n=3;3;4 l=2;2;2 ml=-2;-1;0 ms=- ½;- ½;+ ½; 10. Yadrosida 42 ta proton bo‘lgan element atomining s, p, d, f elektronlar sonini aniqlang. A) 2, 18, 10, 12; B) 8, 16, 18, 0; 10. Yadrosida 42 ta proton bo‘lgan element atomining s, p, d, f elektronlar sonini aniqlang. A) 2, 18, 10, 12; B) 8, 16, 18, 0; C) 10, 18, 14, 0; D) 9, 18, 15, 0
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Magnit kvant son () - Energetik pog'onalar va atom orbitallar

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Energetik pog'onalar va atom orbitallar
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 0,83 Mb. | | #100080 |
Bog'liq 6-darsMagnit kvant son (). - Magnit kvant son – atom orbitalining tashqi magnit yoki elektr maydonlarga nisbatan holatini belgilaydi.
- Magnit kvant son orbital kvant songa bog‘liq holda o‘zgaradi;
[-l ;+l] 0 (nol) l l l
s
0
0
-1 0 +1
p
1
d
2
-2 -1 0 +1 +2
f
3
-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
Spin kvant son (). Spin kvant son – faqat va ga teng ikkita qiymatni qabul qila oladi. Bu qiymatlar elektronning shaxsiy magnit momentining bir-biriga qarama-qarshi ikki yo‘nalishiga muvofiq keladi.
l
s
0
0
0
s
0
p
1
-1
Elеktronlarni orbitallar bo‘ylab joylashtirishda 2 ta asosiy qoidaga amal qilinadi: Elеktronlarni orbitallar bo‘ylab joylashtirishda 2 ta asosiy qoidaga amal qilinadi: Pauli prinsipi Klechkovskoy qoidasi Gund qoidasi Pauli prinsipiga ko‘ra аtomda to‘rttala kvant sonlari bir xil qiymatga ega bo‘lgan elektronlar mavjud bo‘la olmaydi. Klechkovskiy qoidasi - atomda energetik holatlarning elektronlar bilan to‘lib borish tartibi atomning bosh va orbital kvant sonlari yig‘indisining (n+l) ortib borish tartibida bo’ladi - agar (n+l)teng bo’lsa bosh kvant soni kichkinasi birinchi to’ladi. Pauli prinsipiga ko‘ra аtomda to‘rttala kvant sonlari bir xil qiymatga ega bo‘lgan elektronlar mavjud bo‘la olmaydi. Klechkovskiy qoidasi - atomda energetik holatlarning elektronlar bilan to‘lib borish tartibi atomning bosh va orbital kvant sonlari yig‘indisining (n+l) ortib borish tartibida bo’ladi - agar (n+l)teng bo’lsa bosh kvant soni kichkinasi birinchi to’ladi. Elektonlarning to’lib boorish tartibi: 1s< 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s < 5f < 6d Gund qoidasiga ko‘ra еnergiyalari bir xil bo‘lgan orbitallarda elektronlar shunday tartibda joylashadiki, natijada spinlar yig‘indisi maksimal qiymatga ega bo‘ladi. Elektron formula 1. Alyuminiyning elektron konfiguratsiyasini aniqlang. 1. Alyuminiyning elektron konfiguratsiyasini aniqlang. - 1s22s22p63s23p6 B) 1s22s22p63s23p2
C) 1s22s22p63s23p1 D) 1s22s22p63s23p3 2. Ca+2 ioni uchun elektron konfiguratsiyasini aniqlang. A)1s22s22p63s23p6 B)1s22s22p63s23p64s2 C) 1s22s22p63s23p5 D) 1s22s22p63s23p4 3. Uchinchi davr elementlarining atomlari eng ko’pi bilan qancha tashqi elektronga ega bo’lishi mumkin? 3. Uchinchi davr elementlarining atomlari eng ko’pi bilan qancha tashqi elektronga ega bo’lishi mumkin? |
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Sana: sentabr Sinf: 8 Fan: Informatika - bet 17

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Sana: sentabr Sinf: 8 Fan: Informatika
|
bet | 17/17 | Sana | 26.12.2019 | Hajmi | 11,02 Mb. | | #5375 |
X. Darsni mustahkamlash va yakunlash: 0`quvchilarga kitobdagi savollar bo’yicha
murojaat etiladi va dars mustahkamlanadi.
XI. O'quvchilarni baholash: Faol qatnashgan o’quvchilarni baholash.
XII. Uyga topshiriq: O’tilgan mavzuni o’qib kelish.
Tasdiqlayman:
O`quv ishlari bo`yicha direktor
o`rinbosari:
" " 20 yil.
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Dars jihozi - Boshqarmasi

184
Darsning texnologik chizmasi
Dars bosqichlari
Vaqt
Tashkiliy qism
O‘tilgan mavzuni takrorlash
Yangi mavzuni yoritish
Guruhlarda ishlash. Yangi mavzuni tahlil qilish
Darsni yakunlash
Uyga beriladigan topshiriqlar
Darsning borishi
1. Tashkiliy qism:
O‘quvchilar bilan salomlashish, davomatni aniqlash
2. O‘tgan mavzuni so‘rash:
Faradeyning birinchi qonunini izohlang?
Faradeyning ikkinchi qonuni birlashgan tenglamasi qanday ifodalanadi?
Faol metallarning kislorodli kislotalar bilan hosil
qilgan tuzlarining suvli
eritmasi elektrolizida katod va anodda qanday moddalar ajraladi?
3. Har xil tipdagi masalalar namunalarining yechilishini tushuntirish:
1-masala. Birinchi elektrolizyorda 1 mol, ikkinchi elektrolizyorda 2 mol mis (II)
sulfat bo‘lgan eritmalar orqali 4 faradey tok o‘tganda katodlarda hosil bo‘lgan
moddalar massalarini (g) da aniqlang.
Masalaning yechimi:
1) Dastlab elektroliz tenglamasi yoziladi:
Masalani yechishda Faradeyning (II) – qonunidan foydalaniladi.
2) 1 – elektrolizyor uchun 1 mol tuz borligi uchun unga 2
Faradey tok sarflandi,
qolgan 2 Faradey tok esa shu eritmadagi suv elektrolizi uchun sarf bo‘ladi. Shunga
asoslanib, 1-elektrolizyor katodidagi H
2
va Cu massalari topiladi.
64 + 2 = 66 g
modda ajralgan
3) 2 – elektrolizyorda 2 mol tuz bo‘lganligi uchun unga 4 Faradey tok to‘liq sarf
bo‘lib ketadi. Demak, suv elektrolizi
uchun tok yetishmaydi,
bunda tok faqat Cu
ajralishi uchun sarflanadi. 2 – elektrolizyorda: 4 *32 = 128 g
Cu ajraldi
Do youngsters prefer living in rural areas? Why or why not?

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Do youngsters prefer living in rural areas? Why or why not?
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bet | 20/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speaking 8Do youngsters prefer living in rural areas? Why or why not?
Youngsters prefer to live in the cities. It is mainly because of the innumerous job opportunities that a city offers. Apart from this, a city offers good healthcare and educational facilities.
Vocabulary For Speaking Part 3
Exposure: the state of having no protection from something harmful.
Eg: Prolonged exposure to heat can be harmful.
Respiratory Diseases: Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals.
Eg: Chain smokers are often detected with respiratory diseases.
Do wonders: to cause improvements or have a very good affect.
Eg: Aloe vera gel did wonders to my skin.
Squander: to spent extravagantly or to waste money.
Eg: The rich brat squanders his father’s money on his friends.
Country-dwellers: a person who lives in the country
Eg: Country-dwellers spend their money wisely.
To the best of my knowledge: used to say that a person thinks something is true.
Eg: The thesis submitted by me is to the best of my knowledge.
A myriad of: a very large number
Eg: There are a myriad of spiders in the old house.
Living standards: the quality of housing, material comfort, and wealth experienced by an individual or group.
Eg: Over the decades, living standards among the people have been improved.
Advantages of living in a city
Access to culture
High level of convenience
Reliable public transport
Variety of shopping outlets
Entertainment facilities
Better job opportunities
Higher quality education
Better standard of living
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History
Do you think history is important?

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History
Do you think history is important?
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bet | 24/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speakingHistory
Do you think history is important?
Studying history allows us to observe and understand how people and societies behaved. For example, we are able to evaluate war, even when a nation is at peace, by looking back at previous events. History provides us with the data that is used to create laws, or theories about various aspects of society.
What do you think we can learn by studying history?
I think we can learn a lot by studying history. Just as individual people learn from their mistakes, societies can learn from the mistakes made by previous governments or leaders. For example, from what I've read in the newspapers, many economists are looking back to the time of the Great Depression, around 80 years ago, in order to understand the financial crisis that is currently affecting many countries around the world. Even if we don't always learn from mistakes, I think it's fascinating to study history because it gives us an insight into who we are and where we come from.
Do you think people can learn history from films or TV programs?
Many films are a great way to teach history as they can provide a brief overview of that event while also keeping it very entertaining. It allows the students to engage in the event without getting to bored or distracted. Films are also a great way to incorporate comprehension and source questions into the lesson. It allows you to include the whole class in the discussion and hear their opinions. In addition to this, films are a great way for the children to learn themselves while also enjoying themselves.
Holiday
Why do people go on holiday?
Yes. Holidays are opportunities for people to take a break from work or studies. People also like holidays because they can visit their families and travel to another city or country.
Life is too short to spend in doing the same things over and over again for all of our lives and become “bored” to death. The only way we can get rid of this “boredom” is to do something different from time to time, and there just seems to be no better way of doing this than going on holidays. So, people go on holidays to enjoy their lives a little and have some fun as it helps them to reduce their stress and increase the level of immunity. In fact, some reports suggest that people, who do not take vacations, have a 21% higher risk of death from all causes. When you go on holidays, you become more positive about your life and surroundings around you as you get exposed to new environments, different human behaviours, cultures and diverse ways of doing things. In other words, going on holidays serve for you as an unstructured education for you where you absorb “treasures of lessons” which is not possible to gain otherwise.
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Advantages of living in a city

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Advantages of living in a city
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bet | 22/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speakingAdvantages of living in a city
Access to culture
High level of convenience
Reliable public transport
Variety of shopping outlets
Entertainment facilities
Better job opportunities
Higher quality education
Better standard of living
In your opinion, what are the negative aspects of crowded cities?
Disadvantages of living in a city
Traffic congestion
Pollution
Air pollution / noise pollution / traffic pollution / water pollution
Overcrowding
Dense population
Growth of slums
High rate of unemployment
High cost of living
Wealth inequality
Growing gap/disparity between the rich and poor
High levels of stress
You get stuck in the rat race (=working 9 to 5 every day and stuck in a boring routine)
Clothes
Why do some companies ask their staff to wear uniforms?
Answer: Companies generally ask their staffs to wear uniforms mainly because they want to ensure “uniformity” across all levels of their “staffs”. This is done either to help employees identify with their companies or to boost morale at all levels of their staffs.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having uniforms at work?
Answer: The main advantage is that it helps reduce the “psychological and ego” gap between the high-level employees and those of the lower levels because they all wear the same kind of “dress”. Secondly, it helps promote the company “brand”, especially, when wearing the uniforms outside of the work. Thirdly, the uniform helps identify and separate the employees from the customers, when working in an environment that involves serving customers by remaining physically present with them.
The disadvantage, of course, of wearing uniforms at work is that it limits “self-expression” of the employees as they can’t seem to “wear” what they like. Besides, some uniforms may also be considered as “objectionable” to some employees on religious and cultural grounds.
Do you think people are treated differently when they are in uniform?
When a group of people are in a unified dress code, that means there is barely any distinctions in their clothes. Therefore, I am of the opinion that there is a low chance that people would be mistreated when they all wear the same garments. That explains why nowadays, a myriad of companies are encouraging or ordering their staff to wear uniform in order to enhance their productivity.
Agar bir guruh odamlar yagona kiyim kodida bo'lsa, bu ularning kiyimlarida deyarli farq yo'qligini anglatadi. Shuning uchun, men odamlarning barchasi bir xil kiyim kiyganda, ularga nisbatan yomon munosabatda bo'lish ehtimoli kam, degan fikrdaman. Bu nima uchun bugungi kunda ko'plab kompaniyalar o'z mahsuldorligini oshirish uchun o'z xodimlarini forma kiyishni rag'batlantirmoqda yoki buyurmoqda.
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What is the general attitude towards arriving somewhere late in your country?

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What is the general attitude towards arriving somewhere late in your country?
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bet | 26/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speakingWhat is the general attitude towards arriving somewhere late in your country?
It's a pity but most people in my country don't value time. Arriving late is a norm. Be it a birthday party or a wedding ceremony or any other special occasion, guests are often late and hosts have to wait a long time for them to arrive.
What is an example of a time that it is very important for people to arrive on time in your country?
There are many different situations when people should arrive early. For example, if people want to receive someone they should arrive at the airport or bus stop early. Going to an appointment, job interview or exam hall also requires arriving early.
Can you suggest some ways to make sure you are not late for anything?
Schedule events during off-hours.
Set your schedule where you come into work after 9 and leave around 6. If you wake up early, then leave your home before rush hour begins or work from home until it's time to go. Plan an early lunch meetings when it will be less crowded on the roads and the restaurant itself.
Shopping
What things do young people like to buy in your country?
Young people like to buy decoration pieces and souvenirs in my country as my country has a very rich cultural heritage. Moreover, young people in my country are obsessed with mobile phones, and they love to buy expensive phones.
Is it a good idea to save money?
It's important to have an emergency fund set aside to cover unexpected expenses. Studies show that four in 10 adults in the U.S. would need to put an unexpected $400 expense on a credit card or would need to borrow money from family or friends to pay for it.1
That emergency might be an unexpected car repair, expensive medical bills, or a sudden job loss. If you were to lose your job, you'd be thankful you socked away a good amount of money into your emergency fund to tide you over until you found a new job.
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250 - 10,95 = 239,05 g eritma

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250 - 10,95 = 239,05 g eritma Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 171/182 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 4,97 Mb. | | #136263 |
Bog'liq 1674214624 11-sinf Kimyo (o\'qituvchilar uchun qo\'llanma)183
250 - 10,95 = 239,05 g eritma
4. Mustaqil ish:
1. 607 g 10 % li AuCl
3
eritmasidan oltinni to‘liq ajratib olish uchun 4 A to‘k
kuchini necha sekund davomida o‘tkazish kerak?
2. 500 g 17 % li AgNO
3
eritmasidan kumushni to‘liq ajratib olish uchun 2 A to‘k
kuchini necha sekund davomida o‘tkazish kerak?
3. 600 g 30 % li Na
2
CO
3
eritmasidan necha amper tok kuchini 96500 sekund
davomida o‘tkazilganda Na
2
CO
3
ning massa ulushi 35,3 % ga teng bo‘ladi?
5. O‘quvchilarni baholash:
O‘quvchilarni baholashda kimyoviy elementlar
belgilaridan foydalaniladi:
“5” baho; “4” baho; “3” baho.
6. Uyga vazifa:
O‘tilgan mavzularni takrorlab kelish.
64-MAVZU:
Elektroliz mavzusiga doir masalalar va ularning yechimi
Darsning maqsadi:
a) Ta’limiy:
Elektroliz mavzusida olingan bilimlarni masala yechish jarayonida
qo‘llashga o‘rgatish.
IXK2-
Faradey qonunlariga oid masalalarni yecha oladi.
b) Tarbiyaviy:
Tartib bilan yozish, amallar ketma-ketligini to‘g‘ri tanlay bilishga
o‘rgatish orqali estetik, ekologik, iqtisodiy tarbiya berish.
c) Rivojlantiruvchi:
Masala yechish malakasini rivojlantirish.
TK2
-o‘rganilgan
bilimlar asosida hisoblashlarni bilish va fan-texnika yangiliklaridan xabardor
bo‘lish.
Dars turi:
Yangi bilim va tushunchalarni shakllantiruvchi dars
Dars uslubi:
Aralash (amaliy, suhbat, test topshiriqlari, munozara va tahlil)
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Vocabulary For Cue Card - Sample topics and questions

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Sample topics and questions
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bet | 17/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speaking Vocabulary For Cue Card
Hustle and bustle: Noisy and confusing activity.
Eg: He goes to the park regularly to be away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Off the beaten track: far away from the places that people usually visit.
Eg: Kim’s family planned to go somewhere off the beaten track during the summer vacation
Get insight into: gain an accurate and deep understanding of the subject.
Eg: The book gave a deep insight into the plight of workers in coffee plantations.
Night owl: someone who enjoys going out at night or does not go to bed until it is late.
Eg: He was at the party till 4:00 AM in the morning. He’s such a night owl.
Early bird: someone who gets up early in the morning.
Eg: Oliver was always an early bird.
Deliriously happy: very very happy.
Eg: Jack was deliriously happy when he heard the news.
Embark on: to start a new project or activity, usually one that will be difficult and will take time.
Eg: ABC Company decided to embark on overseas expansion.
Breathtaking: extremely impressive or beautiful.
Eg: The landscape in Scotland was breathtaking.
Picturesque: a picturesque place or scene is attractive, especially because it is old and interesting.
Eg: It was a picturesque lake.
Over the moon: very happy.
Eg: Juilet was over the moon when Romeo proposed to her.
Alleyway: a narrow street or passage.
Eg: There are two big cars parked in this tiny alleyway.
Feel the vibe: a general feeling that you get from a person or place.
Eg: I could feel positive vibes in the house.
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1- amaliy mashg‘ulot

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1- amaliy mashg‘ulot
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bet | 1/3 | Sana | 03.02.2024 | Hajmi | 363,18 Kb. | | #151009 |
Bog'liq 1 -amaliy mashgulot IAKT (2) 1- AMALIY MASHG‘ULOT
Mavzu: IQTISODIY MASALALARNI YECHISH JARAYONIDA FOYDALANILADIGAN AXBOROTNI KIRITISH, CHIQARISH QURULMALAR TAHLILI
Mashgʻulotning maqsadi: Mavjud iqtisodiy masalalarini yechishda AKTdan foydalanish tushunchasi. Masalalar yechishda amaliy dasturlardan foydalanish. Kompyuterning texnik va dasturiy ta‘minotining tahlili.
NAZARIY QISM
AKT bugungi ish muhitining muhim qismidir. Ular murakkab ma‘lumotlar bazalarini mahalliy serverlarda yoki bulutli xizmatlarda saqlashni osonlashtiradi.
Xuddi shunday, AKT ham onlayn tijoratni rivojlantirish, elektron bank ishi, buxgalteriya ishi, axborot qidirish, inventarizatsiyani nazorat qilish, matn, audio va video kabi ma‘lumot materiallarini ishlab chiqarish va asosan, tezkor va samarali aloqalarni rivojlantirish uchun juda muhimdir.
Bularning barchasi mehnat unumdorligi va biznesning raqobatbardoshligiga ijobiy ta‘sir ko’rsatishi mumkin, shu bilan birga biznes yuritish uslubingizni o’zgartirishi mumkin.
Shu bilan birga, AKT chalg’ituvchi manbalar ham bo’lishi mumkin, chunki ularning tobora tez-tez, tarqoq va o’ziga qaram bo’lib qolishi ishchilarni o’z vazifalarini tark etishlariga, unutuvchanlik va beixtiyor kechikishlar darajasini oshirishga olib keladi.
Texnik vositalar – kompyuterning qurilmalaridir. Ingliz tilida bu qism Hardware deb ataladi va “qattiq mahsulotlar” deb tarjima qilinadi. Bu qismga: Shaxsiy kompyuter, SHK (inglizcha personal computer, PC) quyidagi qismlardan iborat:
1 - monitor, 2 – ona plata, 3 - markaziy protsessor, 4 - operativ xotira, 5 - kengaytirish kartalari, 6 - quvvat manbai, 7 - optik disk, 8 - qattiq disk, 9 - sichqoncha , 10 – klaviatura.
1.1-rasm. Kompyuterning texnik ta‘minot vositalari
Dasturiy vositalar – kompyuter tomonidan ishlatiladigan barcha dasturlar to’plamidir. Ingliz tilida bu qism Software deb ataladi va “yumshoq mahsulotlar” deb tarjima qilinadi. Bu so’z dasturiy ta‘minot bilan kompyuterlarning mutanosibligini, dasturlarning takomillashishi, rivojlanishi va moslashuvchanligini ifodalaydi
Kompyuter dasturlarini 3 toifaga bo’lish mumkin:
• foydalanuvchilar uchun zaruriy ishlarning bajarilishini bevosita ta‘minlovchi amaliy dasturlar;
• turli xil yordamchi funktsiyalarni bajaradigan tizim dasturlari, masalan: kompyuter resurslarini boshqarish, kompyuter qurilmalarining ishlashini tekshirish, kompyuter haqida ma‘lumot berish va hk.;
• kompyuter uchun yangi dasturlarni yaratish uchun mo’ljallangan instrumental dasturlar;
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Disadvantages of living in a city

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Disadvantages of living in a city
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bet | 21/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speaking
Traffic congestion
Pollution
Air pollution / noise pollution / traffic pollution / water pollution
Overcrowding
Dense population
Growth of slums
High rate of unemployment
High cost of living
Wealth inequality
Growing gap/disparity between the rich and poor
High levels of stress
You get stuck in the rat race (=working 9 to 5 every day and stuck in a boring routine)
Urban wasteland (in bad condition)
No-go areas (with the high crime)
Run-down buildings (falling apart)
Deprived areas (without necessary things, e.g. enough money, good living conditions)
Bumper-to-bumper traffic all day long
The volume of traffic (amount)
Exhaust fumes
The incessant roar of trucks and buses (very loud noise)
The City Where I live: Santander
It has rather dreary weather = dull weather
Mild climate = not hot or cold
Overcast (adj).= cloudy
As for the weather, it’s often overcast in my city.
The city looks over the bay
Holiday-makers = people on holiday
People like to nibble snacks in the bars = to eat in small bites (usually snacks)
Local people love going for a stroll in the afternoon = go for a short walk
Big attraction = popular attraction
There is a lot of heavy rain
It often throws it down = it often rains heavily
Collocations related to cities:
Bustling center
Urban living
Reliable public transport
Long opening hours (shops and restaurants)
Upmarket shops
Pricey /overpriced restaurants(expensive)
Lively bars
Fashionable clubs
High-rise flats
Adjectives+cities
For good points of cities you could use the following adjectives:
picturesque
historic
spacious
elegant
magnificent
lively
The comfortable suburbs (the suburb is just outside the city center)
For the negative points of cities you could use the following adjectives:
deserted( no one on the street at night) city
packed (very crowded)
filthy (very dirty)/
run-down ( in a very bad condition)
sprawling city
a shanty town (=houses made of discarded materials, e.g.tin cardboard, plastic)
Bustling (=with lots of movement) can be positive or negative
Cities and their problems:
Urban wasteland (in bad condition)
No-go areas (with the high crime)
Run-down buildings (falling apart)
Deprived areas (without necessary things, e.g. enough money, good living conditions)
Bumper-to-bumper traffic all day long
The volume of traffic (amount)
Exhaust fumes
The incessant roar of trucks and buses (very loud noise)
Cities
In your opinion, what makes a city a good one to live in?
High standarts of living
Collocations related to cities:
Bustling center
Urban living
Reliable public transport
Long opening hours (shops and restaurants)
Upmarket shops
Pricey /overpriced restaurants(expensive)
Lively bars
Fashionable clubs
High-rise flats
Adjectives+cities
For good points of cities you could use the following adjectives:
picturesque
historic
spacious
elegant
magnificent
lively
What are the advantages of living in a city?
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and explain what are the reasons for this pollution

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and explain what are the reasons for this pollution
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bet | 15/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speakingand explain what are the reasons for this pollution.
Thank you for letting me talk about this topic. Last year I went to visit (...say an area name in your city/country...) with two of my friends and thought we would enjoy our trip. We heard from a teacher that this was a beautiful place to visit and after that, we planned to go there. To our surprise, this place was severely affected by pollution and instead of enjoying our trip, we cut it short and returned home immediately.
It was early summer last year and visiting a place near a river which is surrounded by natural beauty and recommended by one of our favourite teachers was an excellent idea, at least at that time. I am sure the teacher who suggested this place had no idea about the severity of the pollution there and how things have become worse.
The water pollution was quite severe there and the black and greasy elements that were floating on the water created a shocking scene. Uncontrolled waste management, toxic elements from factories and industries, motorised vehicles running on the water and the lack of proper maintenance of the riverside are the main reasons the water has got polluted. More shockingly, the air pollution was also noticeable. I saw many industries and factories that were exhausting black fumes and that has made the air polluted more than any other part I know about.
Uncontrolled urbanisation, the establishment of new factories & industries without proper planning, lack of strict policy and corruption in government offices are so far the main reasons for increasing pollution in our country. I wish this will stop and we will be conscious enough not to destroy our own inhabitants.
Speaking Part 1 1Do you often visit the countryside?
Yes, I usually head out on a day trip to lots of pleasant countryside regions on the weekend to recharge my energy after a busy week.
2If so, who do you visit in the countryside?
I like to visit my grandmother in the countryside. I usually get there on a train. Whenever I get the chance to see her & enjoy the great fruit, spending some time getting back to nature, I find myself restored & relaxed.
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Do you think change is good?

Do you think change is good?
Yes, and my hometown developed significantly in the last twenty years.It became industrialized, which I think is beneficial to us residents and to our local economy since jobs have been generated.However it is the saddest thing about its development is that it brings so much pollution.I think we are paying the price for converting our agricultural lands to industrial ones.
Why do old people not accept change?
Nowadays, it’s probably not a question of age, it depends more on the individual person. Older people are still very adaptable and although they might not be interested in some of the things that younger are crazy about or use, they still have the ability to adopt new ideas and ways of doing things.
My father, for example, grew up without the internet but through his work and because he’s interested in what technology can achieve he probably knows more about it than I do and is therefore always ready to try the next new thing – which interest him – not necessarily me. Being adaptable is very much a personal trait, not so much age related. I even know some young people who don’t like change much.
In what ways have changes in technology changed people's lives?
Technology pretty much has changed each and every aspect of our lives, but perhaps it is safe to say that it has changed the way we communicate with each other the most with the advent of the internet, mobile phones and smart gadgets.
Technology has indeed proved the age-old saying “talk is cheap”- so cheap that we talk to each other by using our phones pretty much always, whether we are staying close to each other or far apart, even when we don’t need it. We have also become lazy to walk even 100 feet or a few minutes these days if we are in need to communicate something to our friends or families since we can do the same in seconds just by pushing a button on our phones. But, if we are not in a mood or feel really lazy to “talk” sometimes, we simply leave or send a message on social media networks and “messenger” to inform others about our “status”. Finally, technology has made communication really “personal” as we can see each other on live video while communicating, no matter where we live with the use of the internet.
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Describe a happy childhood event you remember

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Describe a happy childhood event you remember
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bet | 12/28 | Sana | 13.05.2024 | Hajmi | 71,16 Kb. | | #228963 |
Bog'liq Multi-level speaking Describe a happy childhood event you remember.
You should say:
and explain why you remember this particular occasion.
Model Answer 2:
When I was a child, I experienced a notable number of events but not all of them were happy. I also cannot remember all of them clearly. But I will always remember the event of receiving a large birthday present.
It was a remote-controlled car that I had long been desiring for. My father presented me with the gift and it was a surprise for me indeed. I was too happy with the gift that I played with the car for the remaining parts of the day. Even I forgot to take my regular meals too. In fact, it was the best present ever I received in my life and also makes me remember of my childhood.
On that day, I was taking preparations from the early part of the day to celebrate the event. Guests started to arrive in the evening. But the number of guests were limited. Only the family members, some intimate relatives and some of the business partners of my dad. But the number of invited guests crossed 20 and it was difficult to manage everything, particularly the entertainment issue of the guests. However, my dad managed everything. The invited guests also brought gifts for me marking the fifth birthday of mine.
To be frank, I was overjoyed with the matter. I was amazed at the gifts and the people present there also greeted me in various ways. The decision to celebrate my birthday was taken a couple of days ago, and I was joyed hearing the news. Since I was a small kid, I did not know actually the meaning of celebrating a birthday but enjoyed blowing the candles and cutting the cake. My parents had been celebrating the day from my early age but once I crossed my teenage, I actually find no interest in such activities. The feelings in my childhood were really great about the issue.
I can remember this particular event as I received the most impressive gift of my life. I have celebrated many of my birthdays but that one was the best. I was greatly happy with the people and presents. To be honest, I had never received such great gifts after that birthday celebration. Besides, I enjoyed the company of other people and the foods were delicious. I still can remember the day when my parents fed me the birthday cake and everyone clapped around us. It was the most special day of my life. Not only the gifts, I was blessed by everyone present at the event. In fact, it was the best ever birthday celebration of my life. So, it is still vivid in my memory.
Describe a city you have visited and liked.
You should say:
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Xona ichida, ko‘p qavatli bino yoki odam gavjum joyda yong‘in chiqsa

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Xona ichida, ko‘p qavatli bino yoki odam gavjum joyda yong‘in chiqsa
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bet | 2/7 | Sana | 09.07.2024 | Hajmi | 133,18 Kb. | | #267224 |
Bog'liq amaliy ish 1Xona ichida, ko‘p qavatli bino yoki odam gavjum joyda yong‘in chiqsa:
• Agar yong‘in katta bo‘lmasa, uni istalgan mavjud vositalar yordamida o‘chirishga harakat qiling: o‘t o‘chirgich, istalgan zich mato, qum, suv va boshqalar;
• Elektr simlari bilan bog‘liq yong‘in chiqsa, maxsus shitdan ta’minotni uzing;
• Qo‘shni xonadagilarni, xodimlarni yong‘indan ogohlantirib, evakuatsiyaga chorlang;
• Gazni o‘chiring;
• Elektrjihozlarni ta’minotidan uzing;
• Chiqib ketish imkoni bo‘lsa, yong‘in maydonini tark eting;
• Keksalar va yoshlarga yong‘in hududini tark etishga ko‘maklashing;
• Pod’yezd yoki koridor tutun bilan to‘lishni boshlasa, chiqish eshigiga emaklagan holda boring;
• Xavfsiz joyni tanlang;
• Agar xonadan zinapoya orqali chiqish imkoni bo‘lmasa, xona tutun bilan to‘lmasligi uchun eshikni ichkaridan nam mato bilan yoping;
• Yong‘in shamol sabab alanga olmasligi uchun eshik va derazalarni o‘t o‘chiruvchilar kelguncha yopish lozim;
Avtomobil yoki jamoat transportida yong‘in chiqsa:
• Haydovchiga yong‘in haqida xabar bering;
• Mashinani to‘xtating, dvigatelni o‘chiring, uni tark eting;
• Jamoat transportida avariya lyuki va yon oynalardan foydalanib, tartib bilan tashqariga chiqing;
• O‘t o‘chiruvchilar kelguncha yong‘inni o‘t o‘chirgich, qum, suv yoki qor bilan (qishda va qor bo‘lsa) o‘chirishga harakat qiling;
• Mashina kapotida yong‘in chiqsa, uni qo‘l bilan o‘t o‘chirgichsiz ochmang. Ochish vaqtida havo oqimi sabab yong‘in alanga olishi kuchayadi;
• Yoqilg‘i baki portlashi xavfi borligi sabab, yong‘inni jilovlab bo‘lmasa, mashinadan uzoqlashing.
Dasht yoki o‘rmonda yong‘in yuz bersa:
• Yong‘inni zich mato, tuproq, bargli daraxt shoxlari bilan o‘chirishga harakat qiling;
• Agar yong‘inni o‘chirgan bo‘lsangiz, bunga amin bo‘ling, qayta alanga olmasligiga ishonch hosil qiling;
• Yong‘in kuchli bo‘lsa, undan uzoqlashing. Yong‘in tarqalishiga perpendikulyar harakat qiling;
• Ketish imkoni bo‘lmasa, yaqin atrofda suv (saqlagich, sisterna, quduq va hokazo) bo‘lsa, unga tushing va bosh qismingizni nam mato/kiyim bilan yoping oling;
• Yong‘in ochiq maydonda bo‘lsa, tutun kamroq joyda egilib harakatlaning.
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Yorug'likning Sariqligi - ” fandan Savol: 2-“Yong’in”ga izox bering?

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” fandan Savol: 2-“Yong’in”ga izox bering?
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bet | 7/7 | Sana | 09.07.2024 | Hajmi | 133,18 Kb. | | #267224 |
Bog'liq amaliy ish 1Yorug'likning Sariqligi: Yorug'lik manbalari tomonidan chiqariladigan sariq rang.
Spektral Qizg'ishlik: Yorug'lik manbalari tomonidan chiqariladigan qizil rang.
Ishlab Chiqarish Shartlarida Yoritish Turlari
Tabiiy Yoritish: Quyosh yorug'ligi.
Sun'iy Yoritish: Elektr yoki lyuminessent lampalar.
Kombinatsion Yoritish: Tabiiy va sun'iy yoritishning kombinatsiyasi.
Sun'iy Yoritishni Me'yorlashtirishda Hisobga Olinadigan Omillar
Ko'rishga Oid Ishlar Tavsifi
Tuslanishni Farqlash Obyektining Minimal O'lchami
Ko'rishga Oid Ishlarni Razryadlash
Tuslanish Obyektining Kontrasti
Tuslanishning Och Rangligi
Yoritish Tizimi
Yorug'lik Manba'sining Turi
Yorug'lik Tarqatish Bo'yicha Chiroqlar Sinflari
To'g'ridan Nur Tarqatish: Yorug'lik oqimining 90% gacha pastki yarim muhitga tarqaladi.
Aks Ettirilgan Nur Tarqatish: Yorug'lik oqimining 90% gacha yuqori yarim muhitga tarqaladi.
Yoyilgan Nur Tarqatish: Yorug'lik oqimi ikkala yarim muhit bo'yicha tarqaladi.
Hisob-kitoblar
Ushbu amaliy mashg'ulotda yoritish hisob-kitoblarini amalga oshirish uchun 2.1-jadvalda keltirilgan ma'lumotlar asosida quyidagi hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirish talab qilinadi:
Yoritish Sathi (E)
Yorug'lik Oqimi (Φ)
Akslanish Koeffitsienti (ρ)
S1, S2, S3 Ko'rsatkichlari
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
1. G‘oyipov H.E. Hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi. –T.: “Yangi asr avlodi”, 2007 yil.
2. Qudratov A. va b.. "Hayotiy faoliyat xavfsizligi". Ma’ruza kursi.“Aloqachi” -T.: 2005.
3. Bezopasnost jiznedeyatelnosti. /Pod.red. Mixaylova L.A. Kiev – Xarkov – Minsk, 2007.
4. Mikryukov V.Y. Bezopasnost jiznedeyatelnosti. Uch.posobie. RostovDon.2006.
5. Norxo‘jaev A.Q., Yunusov M.Y. Favqulodda vaziyatlar va muhofaza tadbirlari. –T.: „Universitet”, 2001.
6.Hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi va ekologiya menejmenti (chizmalar, tushunchalar, faktlar va raqamlarda): darslik / A.Nigmatov, Sh.Muxamedov, N.Xasanova. – T.: Navro‘z. 2014. – 199 b.
7. Tojiev M.X., Nigmatov I va b. "Favqulodda vaziyatlar va fuqaro muhofazasi". O‘quv qo‘llanma. –T.: MCHJ., Ta’lim manbai, 2002.
8. Belov S.V. i dr. "Bezopasnost’ jiznedeyatel’nosti", "Vshaya shkola", - M.: 1999.
9. Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности: Учебное пособие для студентов ВУЗов/ ред. Л. А. Муравий, 2002.-447 с.
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Mashg'ulot maqsadi - ” fandan Savol: 2-“Yong’in”ga izox bering?

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” fandan Savol: 2-“Yong’in”ga izox bering?
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bet | 6/7 | Sana | 09.07.2024 | Hajmi | 133,18 Kb. | | #267224 |
Bog'liq amaliy ish 1Mashg'ulot maqsadi
Yoritish hisob-kitoblari yordamida ishlab chiqarish binolarida yoritish tizimini loyihalashtirishdan iborat. Buning uchun E-yerning umumiy bir tekis yoritilishini ta'minlovchi yorituvchanlikli yoritilish qurilmasining S1 (shiftdan), S2 (devordan), S3 (yerga) akslanish koeffitsientlari va H (balandlikdan), L (uzunlik) va B (kenglik) o'lchamlari bilan hisoblash talab qilinadi. Quyida mazkur hisobotni amalga oshirish jarayonlari keltirilgan.
Asosiy Yorug'lik Texnikaviy Kattaliklar
Yorug'lik Oqimi (Φ): Yoritish manbaidan chiqqan umumiy yorug'lik oqimi.
Yorug'lik Kuchi (I): Ma'lum yo'nalishda tarqalgan yorug'lik oqimi.
Yoritilganlik (E): Ma'lum bir sathga tushayotgan yorug'lik oqimi.
Akslanish Koeffitsienti (ρ): Yorug'lik sathi tomonidan aks ettirilgan yorug'lik nisbati.
Ravshanlik (L): Yoritilgan sathdan chiqqan yorug'likning kuchi.
Sifat Ko'rsatkichlari
Tusi: Yorug'likning rangi va to'yinganligi.
Kontrast: Yorug'lik yoki ranglarning keskin o'zgarishi.
Ko'rinish: Yoritilgan joyning umumiy ko'rinishi.
Ko'zni oladigan: Yorug'lik manbaining qamashishi.
Diskomfort: Noqulaylik darajasi.
Ish Joylarining Yoritilganligi Shartlari
Gigienik Me'yorlarga Moslik: Yoritilganlik sathi gigienik me'yorlarga mos bo'lishi kerak.
Barqaror Yoritilganlik: Yorug'lik sathi bir tekis va barqaror bo'lishi kerak.
Yarqirashdan Saqlanish: Yorug'lik manbalari ko'zni qamashmasligi kerak.
Tabiiy Yorug'likka Yaqinlik: Sun'iy yorug'lik tabiiy yorug'likka yaqin bo'lishi kerak.
Sun'iy Yoritishning Kamchiliklari
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21- modul: Quyma olish usullari Reja

21- modul: Quyma olish usullari Reja
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21- modul: Quyma olish usullari Reja
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