nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Tarmoq skanerini tadqiq qilish - О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy...

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О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy nоmidаgi tоshkеnt аxbоrоt tеxnоlоgiyаlаri univеrsitеti sаmаrqаnd filiаli
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bet | 5/9 | Sana | 26.12.2023 | Hajmi | 131,91 Kb. | | #128426 |
Bog'liq Axborot xavfsizligi yo‘nalishiTarmoq skanerini tadqiq qilish.
Umumiy tarmoqni inventarizatsiya qilishda IP-skaner bu foydalanuvchining mahalliy tarmog'ida mavjud qurilmalarni topishni osonlashtiradigan ajralmas vositadir. Barcha ma'lumotlar avtomatik ravishda olinadi va mahalliy tarmoqda topilgan kompyuterlar va boshqa qurilmalar haqida batafsil ma'lumot mavjud. IP-qurilma skaneri bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta muhim vazifalarni bajarishga imkon beradi.
IP tarmoq skaneri juda moslashuvchan va sezgir interfeysga bundan tashqari qo'shimcha ravishda juda ko'p zarur funktsiyalarga ega, oson sozlanadigan parametrlar va yuqori tezlik. Mahalliy tarmoqni skanerlash uchun har qanday dasturning asosiy xususiyatlaridan biri bu tarmoq xavfsizligiga e'tibor berishdir. IP-manzil skaneri foydalanuvchi tarmoqlariga ulangan barcha qurilmalar va ushbu qurilmalardagi ochiq portlar haqida ma'lumot beradi. Muayyan qurilmaning tarmoqqa zararli yoki zararli ekanligini masofadan tekshirishingiz mumkin.
LAN-dagi IP-manzil skanerlari barcha qurilmalarni kuzatishga va tarmoq va ma'lumotlar bazasi xavfsizligiga zararli bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan shubhali elementlarni yo'q qilishga imkon beradi.Port
raqamlari va IP manzillaridan tashqari, o'rnatishdan so'ng darhol skanerlash yordam dasturi qurilmalar haqida barcha mavjud ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishga tayyor. Skanerlash jarayoni 100% avtomatlashtirilgan, sodda va ko'p vaqtni talab qilmaydi. Shu bilan birga, brauzerning rolini hech qachon e'tibordan chetda qoldirmaslik kerak, chunki u tarmoqni raqamli tahdidlardan va har qanday zarardan himoya qiladi.
Siz ba'zi tarmoq elementlarini qo'lda kuzatib borish qiyinligini payqagan bo'lishingiz mumkin. Brauzer ularni qisqa vaqt ichida to'ldirib, ularni izlashni soddalashti radi. U sizning mahalliy tarmog'ingizdagi har qanday xostning aniq IP manzilini beradi.
Tarmoqni skanerlash vositalaridan foydalanib qanday ma'lumotlarni to'plash mumkin? Sichqonchani bosish va mahalliy tarmoqni skanerlash dasturi barcha aniqlangan tarmoq qurilmalari to'g'risida to'liq ma'lumot oladi. Odatda bu quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi:
IP va MAC manzili;
OT turi va kompyuter ta'minotchisi; Qaysi portlar ochiq va ularning holati;
Uskunalar va dasturlarning ro'yxati va boshqalar.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy nоmidаgi tоshkеnt аxbоrоt tеxnоlоgiyаlаri univеrsitеti sаmаrqаnd filiаli
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Hisoblarni bajarish tartibi

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Hisoblarni bajarish tartibi
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bet | 3/6 | Sana | 05.12.2023 | Hajmi | 82,68 Kb. | | #111201 |
Bog'liq Dilshodbek (1)3. Hisoblarni bajarish tartibi
3.1. Ishchi jismning gaz doimiysini va issiqlik sig‘imini aniqlash.
Gaz va suv bug‘laridan iborat bo‘lgan aralashmaning molekulyar massasini quyidagi formulalardan hisoblanadi.
Komponentlar hajmiy ulushlarda berilganda:
Komponentlar massaviy ulushlarda berilganda:
bu yerda: n – aralashmaningkomponentlari soni;
– mosravishda komponentlarning hajmiy va massaviy ulushlari 1 – jadvaldan olinadi;
– komponentningmolekulyar massasi ilovaning 2 – jadvalidanolinadi,
Aralashma gaz doimiysi quyidagi formuladan aniqlanadi:
bu yerda: 8314 – doimiykoeffitsiyent (konstanta).
O‘zgarmas hajmdagi massaviy issiqlik sig‘imi va o‘zgarmas bosimdagi massaviy issiqlik sig‘imi quyidagi formulalardan aniqlanadi:
bu yerda: va – alohidakomponentlarning molyar issiqlik sig‘imlari bo‘lib, 2 – jadvalidanolinadi.
2 – jadval
Gaz atomlari
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Ko‘rsatkichlar
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Cv
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Cp
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Bir atomli
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12,67
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20,93
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Ikki atomli
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20,93
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29,31
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Uch va ko‘p atomli
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29,31
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37,88
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Adiabatako‘rsatkichi izobar issiqlik sig‘imining izoxor issiqlik sig‘imiga nisbati orqali aniqlanadi.
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Kurs ishining mavzusi va tuzilishi

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Kurs ishining mavzusi va tuzilishi
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bet | 2/6 | Sana | 05.12.2023 | Hajmi | 82,68 Kb. | | #111201 |
Bog'liq Dilshodbek (1)Kurs ishining mavzusi va tuzilishi
Kurs ishi “Issiqlik aralash usulda keltiriladigan (I Yo D) ning hisobi va tahlili” mavzusida bajariladi. Kurs ishi quyidagi tarkibdan iborat bo‘ladi:
titul varog‘i;
mundarija;
topshiriq.
Topshiriq
Aralash usulda issiqlik keltiriladigan (I Yo D)ni hisobi. Ishchi jismning gaz doimiysi va issiqlik sig‘imlarini aniqlash. Ishchi jismning holat parametrlarini aniqlash.
Siklning asosiy parametrlarini va jarayonlarini hisobi. Siklning asosiy tavsiflarini aniqlash.
Issiqlik aralash usulda keltiriladigan siklni tadqiq va tahlil qilish
Adabiyotlar
Ilovalar
Tushuntirish va hisob – kitobjadvali 15-20 betdan iborat bo‘ladi va DST 2.105-95 asosida rasmiylashtirilgan bo‘lishi kerak.
Kurs ishini bajarish uchun uslubiy ko‘rsatmalar.
Titul varog‘i.
Hisob –tushintiruv ishining tutul varog‘i standart ( A4) formatda bajariladi. Bunda yuqori topshiriqnoma OTM nomi, kafedra nomi, kurs ishining mavzusi, materiallar hamda kurs ishi topshirig‘ini bergan o‘qituvchi haqida ma’lumotlar kiritiladi.
2.2. Topshiriqlar
Har bir talabaga ilovadagi 1-jadvalga asosan topshiriq beriladi.Topshiriqdagi hamma uchun bir xil bo‘lgan savollarga javob berish lozim.
Issiqlik aralash keltirilgan IYoD ning ideal siklini hisoblash.Berilgan rasmga asosan termodinamik jarayonlar.
1-2 ishchi jismning adiabatik siqilishi;
2-3 izoxora bo‘yicha issiqlik keltirilishi;
3-4 izobara bo‘yicha issiqlik keltirilishi;
4-5 abiabatik kengayish;
5-1 izoxara bo‘yicha issiqlikni olib ketilishi.
Siklni hisobi quyidagi bosqichlardan iborat:
ishchi jismning molekulyar massasini va gaz doimiysini aniqlash.
ishchi jismni o‘zgarmas hajmdagi va o‘zgarmas bosimdagi issiqlik sig‘imini va adiabata ko‘rsatkichini aniqlash;
siklning barcha nuqtalaridagi bosim, temperatura, solishtirma hajm va entropiyasini aniqlash;
siklning har bir jarayoni uchun ichki energiyaning va entalpiyaning o‘zgarishi, issiqlik sig‘imlari, issiqlik miqdori va ishni aniqlash;
siklning asosiy tavsiflarini aniqlash:keltirilgan va olib ketilgan issiqlik miqdorini, o‘rtacha bosim va termik F.I.K. ni aniqlash.
Siqish darajasi, bosimni ortish darajasi va dastlabki kengayish darajasini siklning termik F.I.K ga ta’sirini aniqlash.Silkning termik F.I.K.ni siqish darajasi, bosimni ortish darajasi va dastlabki kengayish darajasiga bog‘liqlik grafigini chizish.
Ilovadan olingan kurs ishini bajarish uchun topshiriq varianti 1 – jadvalshaklida keltiriladi.
1-jadval
Ishchi jism komponentlari ulushi %
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,
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T1, K
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P1,
MPa
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CO2
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CO
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H2O
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N2
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O2
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293
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0,1
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Ishchi jism tarkibi massaviy yoki hajmiy ulushlarda berilishi mumkin. Boshlang‘ich nuqtadagi ishchi jismning holat parametrlari ; barcha variantlar uchun bir xildir. Hisoblar 1kg ishchi jism uchun bajariladi. Boshlang‘ich ma’lumot sifatida ishchi jismning siqish darajasi izoxorik jarayonda bosimni ortish darajasi ; izoxorik kengayishda dastlabki kengayish darajasi beriladi.
Ishchi jismning issiqlik sig‘imi o‘zgarmas bo‘lib, temperaturaga bog‘liq emas deb qabul qilinadi.
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Педагогика тарихи

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Педагогика тарихи
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bet | 1/8 | Sana | 16.06.2024 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #264080 |
Bog'liq Jahon ta\'lim tizimi. Taqdimot
2-OTM 307-guruh Raxmonova Mohichehra Shokirjonovna
Rivojlangan xorijiy davlatlarda ta’lim tizimi
Reja: - AQSH va Yaponiyada ta’lim tizimi.
- Janubiy Koreyada va Fransiyada ta’lim tizimi.
- Germaniyada ta’lim tizimi.
22. Rivojlangan xorijiy davlatlarda ta’lim tizimi. Amerika Qo’shma Shtatlarida ta’lim tizimi
Amerika Qo’shma Shtatlarida bolalar 6 yoshdan 17 yoshgacha 12 yil o’qiydilar. Ta’lim tizimi quyidagicha tashkil etilgan:
3 yoshdan 5 yoshgacha maktabgacha tarbiya muassasalarida.
Boshlang’ich maktab. Bu bosqich 1—5-sinflarni o’z ichiga oladi.
To’liq bo’lmagan o’rta maktab. Bu bosqich 6—8-sinflardan iborat.
Yuqori maktab. Bu bosqich 9—11-sinflar bo’ladi. Mazkur Yuqori maktab bilan Oliy ta’limni aralashtirmaslik kerak.
Amerika maktablarida 9-sinfgacha asosiy e’tibor matematikaga emas, balki tabiiy fanlarga qaratiladi, yuqorida tasdiqlangan yagona dasturlar bo’lmaydi. O’quvchilar uchun yagona, majburiy darsliklar, qo’llanmalar yo’q. Amerika maktablarida texnikaviy jihatdan yaxshi jihozlangan, sinflar kompyuterlashtirilgan. Har bir maktabda boshlang’ich sinf o’quvchilarini tashiydigan maxsus avtobuslar, stadionlar, turli laboratoriyalar bor. Amerika maktablarining aksariyati davlat ixtiyorida bo’lib, davlat mablag’i bilan ta’minlanadi. Lekin shaxsiy maktablar ham anchagina. Katta shaharlarda yashovchi o’ziga to’q ota-onalar farzandlarini shaxsiy maktablarga berishga harakat qilishadi. Davlat maktablarida tekin, shaxsiy maktablar esa — pullik o’qitiladi. Vashington shahridagi shaxsiy maktabda bolani o’qitish uchun bir yilga taxminan o’n ming dollar to’lash kerak. Bunday maktablarda boy oila farzandlari ta’lim oladilar. SHaxsiy maktablarning har biri o’zi xos xususiyatlarga, maxsus dasturlarga, maxsus o’qituvchilarga ega. Bunday maktablarda sinfda o’qiydigan o’quvchilar soni kam bo’ldai. SHaxsiy maktablarda boshlang’ich sinflardan boshlab estetik tarbiyaga, san’atga alohida e’tibor beriladi.
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Vocabulary - Topical News Lessons

3 Vocabulary Match the verbs on the left with the nouns on the right:
a to board
a bag
b to ask
a ticket
c to search
a mistake
d to fill in
a flight
e to make
a question
f to buy
a form
4 Prepositions Complete these sentences using a preposition. Check your answers by looking in the text.
a The passengers were waiting ____________________________ a flight to Dallas-Fort Worth.
b Mr Shater was ____________________________ his way to guard the President.
c He had a gun ____________________________ him.
d He wanted to take his gun ____________________________ the plane.
e They asked him to fill ____________________________ a special form.
f They found a book ____________________________ his bag.
g In the end he was left ____________________________ Baltimore Airport.
h Checking some people more carefully may be ____________________________ their civil rights.
Airline Security
L E V E L O N E
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E L E M E N TA RY
Pre-reading activity - Key Vocabulary

Pre-reading activity - Key Vocabulary The following words and expressions are important for understanding the text. Match the beginnings
and endings of the sentences:
1 If you suffer from malnutrition …
a … you can’t take money out of the bank.
2 If you are wealthy …
b … many people don’t like it.
3 If your bank account is frozen …
c … prices are high and money loses its value.
4 If there is high unemployment …
d … you don’t have enough to eat and you become ill.
5 If there is high inflation …
e … you feel very ashamed.
6 If a state company is privatised …
f … it is very, very sad.
7 If something is unpopular …
g … it is sold by the government to private companies.
8 If you feel humiliated …
h … a lot of people have no work.
9 If something is a tragedy …
i … you have a lot of money.
Scan reading Find the answer to these questions as quickly as possible. The answers are all numbers or dates:
1 How many World Cups had Mr Blanco seen as a journalist?
2 What is the unemployment rate in Argentina?
3 How many children are suffering from malnutrition?
4 What was the inflation rate in the late 1980s?
5 What was the inflation rate in the early 90s?
6 When did the dollar begin to rise?
SPARE A TEAR FOR ARGENTINA S p a re a tear for A rg e n t i n a
L E V E L O N E
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E L E M E N TA RY
The people of Argentina have been
watching the Word Cup with great
interest. A famous Argentinian jour-
nalist, Horacio Garcia Blanco, a
reporter at the previous 9 World
Cups, was not present at this year’s
World Cup. Mr Blanco died just two
weeks before the World Cup began.
He needed a kidney transplant. The
operation was expensive but Mr
Blanco was quite a wealthy man.
The money, he thought, would not
be a problem. But the Argentinian
authorities have frozen all the pri-
vate bank accounts in the country.
Mr Blanco was not allowed to take
out more than 10% of his money.
Because of this he could not pay for
his operation and so he died.
For many A rgentinians Blanco's
story is an example of what has
been happening to their country
over the past four years. During this
time Argentina has changed from a
successful country into an economic
disaster zone. Unemployment is
25%, the economy is getting small-
er at a rate of 15% a year, and the
central bank has no money to
defend the currency. Argentina pro-
duces enough food to feed its popu-
lation ten times over, but almost
25% of its children are suffering
from malnutrition.
Every day, outside the Presidential
Palace, where Evita Peron waved to
the crowds from the balcony, there
Comprehension check - Topical News Lessons

© one
stopenglish.com 2002 3 This page can be photocopied.
4 What happened when President Menem fixed the exchange rate against the dollar at one-to-one?
a inflation fell to almost zero
b inflation increased
c inflation fell a little
5 What happened to Argentinian exports when the dollar was falling?
a they were very expensive
b they were very cheap
c nothing happened
6 How do Argentines feel about the present situation?
a they don’t care
b they feel sad
c they feel very ashamed
Portable WiMAX - О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy nоmidаgi tоshkеnt...

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О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy nоmidаgi tоshkеnt аxbоrоt tеxnоlоgiyаlаri univеrsitеti sаmаrqаnd filiаli
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bet | 9/9 | Sana | 26.12.2023 | Hajmi | 131,91 Kb. | | #128426 |
Bog'liq Axborot xavfsizligi yo‘nalishiPortable WiMAX. Portable rejimida foydalanuvchining baza stansiyalar aro aloqani uzmagan holda avtomatik ravishda ulanishi imkoni mavjud. Lekin ushbu rejimda foydalanuvchining joydan-joyga ko’chish tezligi 40 km/soat dan oshmasligi lozim. To’g’ri, ushbu rejimdan shaxarda foydalanish mumkin, lekin avtomobillarda foydalanish biroz muammoni tug’diradi.
Mobile WiMAX. 802.16e-2005 standartida ishlab chiqilgan bo’lib, foydalanuvchining joydan-joyga ko’chib yurish tezligini maksimal 120 km/soatgacha bo’lganda sifatli aloqani taminlay oladi. Mobile rejimning yutuqlarini quyidagi keltirilganlar orqali sanab o’tishimiz mumkin:
Ko’pnurli signal tarqalishi hamda shaxsiy xalaqitlarga bardoshliligi.
Kanalning yuqori o’tkazuvchanligi.
Time Division Duplex (TDD) texnologiyasi yordamida assimetrik traffikni qayta ishlab, kanallarning estafeta shaklidagi sessiyasi orqali antenalarning boshqaruvini osonlashtiradi.
Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Reqest (H-ARQ) texnologiyasi esa foydalanuvchining tezkor joydan-joyga ko’chishidagi aloqani stabilligini tamillab beradi.
Yuklanmaning kattaligida ham foydalanuvchi qurilmasidan kanalning yuqori tezlikdan eng maksimal darajada foydalana olishi.
Kutish rejimida energiyaning minimal darajadagi sarf harajati
Network-Optimized Hard Handoff (HHO) texnologiyasi kanaldan kanalga ulanishdagi vaqtni 50 millisekund va undan kam vaqtni tashkil etishida.
Multicast and Broadcast Service (MBS) texnologiyasi DVB-H, MediaFLO hamda 3GPP E- UTRA fuksiyalarini o’zida jamlagani.
Smart Antenna texnologiyasi kanallar aro sessiyalarning ulanishida subkanallar hamda estafeta shaklidagi yuborishni ta’minlaydi.
Fractional Frequency Reuse texnologiyasi kanallarning qayta ishlashidagi minimal yo’qotishlarni boshqara olishni ta’minlaydi.
Xulosa.
Hotimada shuni takidlab o’tishimiz lozimki, hozirda WiMAX texnologiyasi yer yuzasining oz bo’lsada ba’zi bir shaxarlarda ishlatilmoqda hamda sinovdan o’tkazilmoqda. Bizning O’zbekistonimizda esa ushbu texnologiyada xizmat ko’rsatish uchun hozircha MTS (ИП UZDUNROBITA) litsenziyaga ega.
Foydalanilgan internet saytlari : www.ziyonet.uz
www.tami.uz www.uzkitob.uz
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
О‘zbеkistоn rеspublikаsi raqamli texnologiyalar vаzirligi muhаmmаd аl-xоrаzmiy nоmidаgi tоshkеnt аxbоrоt tеxnоlоgiyаlаri univеrsitеti sаmаrqаnd filiаli
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-mavzu: Mehmonxona xo’jaligida xizmatlar sifatini boshqarishning

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-mavzu: Mehmonxona xo’jaligida xizmatlar sifatini boshqarishning
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bet | 7/102 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,19 Mb. | | #118418 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruza 1 22-mavzu: Mehmonxona xo’jaligida xizmatlar sifatini boshqarishning
metodologik asoslari.
Reja:
1. Sifatni boshqarish darajalari.
2. Sifatni boshqarish tamoyillari va funksiyalari.
3. Sifatni boshqarish usullari tasnifi.
Zamonaviy nazariya va amaliyotlarda sifatni boshqarish quyidagi beshta asosiy bosqichlar bo’lingan:
1. “Nimani ishlab chiqarish?” va texnik shartlami tayyorlashga qaror qabul qilish.
2. Ishlab chiqarishni tayyorligi va tashkiliy javobgarliklami taqsimlanishini tekshirish.
3. Mahsulotni ishlab chiqarish yoki xizmat k o ‘rsatish jarayonlari.
4. Kelgusida aniqlangan nuqsonlami kelib chiqishini oldini olish uchun nazorat va ishlab chiqarish jarayonlariga o ‘zgartirish kiritish bilan axborot almashinish aks aloqasini ta ’minlash va nuqsonlami bartaraf qilish.
5. Sifat bo‘yicha uzoq muddatli rejalami ishlab chiqish.
Korxonani boshqarish organi, barcha boiimlarning o'zaro faoliyatisiz keltirib o'tilgan bosqichlami amalga oshirish mumkin emas. Bunday o'zaro faoliyat sifatni boshqarishning yagona tizimi deb ataladi. Bu sifatni boshqarishga umum tizimli yondashishni ta ’minlaydi.
Sifatni boshqarish bosqichlari tarkibini batafsil ko’rib chiqamiz.
Sifat birinchi bosqichda shu darajada mahsulot yoki xizmatlari korxonaning iehki texnik .shartlarning talablariga muvofiq bo’ladi. Sifatning bu jihati sifatning texnik talablargi muvofiqligi deb ataladi.
Ikkinchi bosqichida konstruksiya sifati baholanadi. Sifat mahsulotning konstruksiyasi bo'yicha korxonaning texnik talablariga javob bcrishi mumkin, biroq konstruksiyaning o‘zi yuqori yoki past sifatda b o iish i mumkin.
Sifatning uchinchi bosqichida shu daraja, ya’ni korxonaning ishlari yoki xizmat (mahsulot) vazifalari mavjud iste’molchilar ehtiyojlarini qanoatlantiradi.
Ko‘plab korxonalaming tashkillashtirish asosi bo’lib, qurilmalarni ta’mirlash va ekspluatatsiya qilish, xarid qilishda, maksimal foydali shartlar uchun yaratilayotgan va yakuniy foydalanilanishga moijallab ish yuritish hisoblanadi.
Korxona mahsulotlari ichki texnik shartlarga muvofiq bo'lishi mumkin (bu birinchi bosqich); konstruksiyaning o‘zi (ikkinchi bosqich) sifati darajasida; xizmatlar yoki mahsulot iste’molchi talablarini muayyan qanoatlantirishi uchun sifati javob bcrmasligi mumkin (uchinchi bosqich). Ko rib chiqilgan uchta bosqich sifatni boshqarish amaliyotida bir xil muhim ahamiyatga ega va avrim qayta holatlami qayta ko‘rib chiqmaslik. kichik kichik muammoiarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.
Sifatni boshqarish deganda optimal sifatli mahsulotni yaratish va undan to ‘liq foylanishni ta'minlovchi barcha darajadagi omillar va sharoitlar ta’sirida doimiy rejali, maqsadlarga yo'naltirilgan jarayonlar tushuniladi.
Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish tizimi o'zida boshqaruv obyektlari va boshqaruv organlari, mahsulot sifatini yuqori darajada bo'lishini o ‘rnatish, ta ’minlashga va qo‘llab-quvvatlashga yo'naltirilgan chora-tadbirlar, usullar va vositalar majmuasini
namoyon etadi.
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Kurs ishini bajarish uchun namuna

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Kurs ishini bajarish uchun namuna
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bet | 5/6 | Sana | 05.12.2023 | Hajmi | 82,68 Kb. | | #111201 |
Bog'liq Dilshodbek (1)Kurs ishini bajarish uchun namuna
Berilgan qiymatlar quyidagicha:
CO2=9,5 CO=4.5 H2O=14 N2=72 , Ɛ=12 , ƛ=1.5, ρ=1.5 T1= 293 K , P1= Pa
Aralashmaning molyar massasini aniqlaymiz:
Gaz doyimiysini aniqlaymiz: J/kg*grad
Aralashma issiqliq sig’imlarini aniqlaymiz:
1). O‘zgarmas hajmdagi issiqlik sig‘imi
kJ/kg*grad
2). O‘zgarmas bosimdagi issiqlik sig‘imi
kJ/kg*grad
Adiabata ko’rsatkichi quyidagicha aniqlanadi:
Ishchi jismning 1-4 nuqtalardagi asosiy parametrlarini aniqlaymiz:
1-nuqtadagi parametrlar (bosim, hajm, temperatura va entropiya) ni aniqlaymiz.
P1=0,1 MPa, T1=293 K bizga ma’lum, V1 va S1 ni aniqlaymiz:
kj/kg
2-nuqtadagi parametrlar (bosim, hajm, temperatura va entropiya) ni aniqlaymiz:
3-nuqtadagi parametrlar (bosim, hajm, temperatura va entropiya) ni aniqlaymiz:
ƛ
V3=V2=0.07
4-nuqtadagi parametrlar (bosim, hajm, temperatura va entropiya) ni aniqlaymiz.
Pa
V4= ρ V3=1.5
=1781.23 K
5-nuqtadagi parametrlar (bosim, hajm, temperatura va entropiya) ni aniqlaymiz.
Pa
V5=V1
S5=S4=23.42
Yuqorida topilgan qiymatlarni quyidagi jadvalga yozamiz.
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Jarayonga qarab mo’ljal olish - 1-mavzu: Sifat tushunchasining mohiyati, sifat sohasidagi asosiy tushunchalar. Fanning...

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1-mavzu: Sifat tushunchasining mohiyati, sifat sohasidagi asosiy tushunchalar. Fanning predmeti, maqsadi va vazifalari Reja
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bet | 5/102 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,19 Mb. | | #118418 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruza 1 2Jarayonga qarab mo’ljal olish. SUB har qanday tashkil etilgan faoliyatga jarayon deb qaraydi. Jarayon dastlabki bosqich (kirish) va oxirgi bosqich (chiqish) bilan belgilanuvchi chegaralarga ega bo’ladi.
Jarayon o’z faoliyatida muayyan resurslar (odamlar, uskunalar va h.k.)dan foydalanadi. Mazkur resurslar jarayonda muayyan tarzda taqsimlanishi lozim. Shu bois jarayon, ISO 8402 xalqaro standartiga muvofiq, o’zaro bo\liq resurslar hamda kiruvchi elementlarni chiquvchi elementlarga aylantiruvchi faoliyat yi\indisidir. Ko’pincha resurslarga jarayonga kirish elementlari deb qaraladi.
O’z mohiyatiga ko’ra jarayonlar:
1) muayyan individlar tomonidan bajariladigan individual;
2) korxonaning vertikal yo’nalishdagi faoliyatini aks ettiruvchi va uning rahbarlari, bo’limlari, bo’linmalari va xizmatchilari o’rtasidagi aloqalar tuzilmasiga mos keluvchi funktsional yoki vertikal;
3) pirovard natijalarni ta’minlovchi va korxona manfaatlariga javob beruvchi o’zaro bo\liq jarayonlar yi\indisini tashkil etuvchi ishga doir yoki gorizontal bo’lishi mumkin (10.3-rasm).
Tashkilotning o’zaro bog’liq jarayonlari
Iste’molchi Ish jarayoni Iste’molchi
1-rasm. Tashkilotda ishga doir (gorizontal) jarayonning o’tish sxemasi
Korxona faoliyati natijasida juda ko’p jarayonlar amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Ayni vaqtda, bir jarayon korxona faoliyatining ko’pgina sohalaridan o’tishi mumkin.
SUB nuqtai nazaridan, jarayonga sifat manbai deb qaralishi lozim. Bunga asosan, jarayonning sifati mazkur jarayon natijasining sifatiga tengdir. Jarayonga qarab mo’ljal olish bu yerda xatolarni tuzatish emas, balki ularning oldini olish asosiy omil hisoblanishini anglatadi.
Jarayon natijalariga emas, balki jarayonning o’ziga ta’sir ko’rsatish SUB sharoitida ishlaydigan korxonaning jarayonlarni boshqarish asosiy kontseptsiyasidir. Pirovard natijani kutish va shundan keyingina xatolarni tuzatish mumkin emas. Xatolarga yo’l qo’ymaslik uchun jarayonning o’ziga ta’sir ko’rsatish kerak.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
1-mavzu: Sifat tushunchasining mohiyati, sifat sohasidagi asosiy tushunchalar. Fanning predmeti, maqsadi va vazifalari Reja
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Airline Security - Topical News Lessons

© one
stopenglish.com 2002 2 This page can be photocopied.
book on Arab history. They asked him more questions. Mr Shater became very, very angry. The Secret
Service had confirmed that he was a secret serviceman and he did not know why the airline staff were
asking him so many questions. In the end they decided that he could not board the plane and he was
left at the airport in Baltimore.
There are many questions about this case. Some people say that Mr Shater was not allowed to board
the plane because he was an Arab-American and that, after September 11th, people of Middle Eastern
appearance are checked more carefully at airports. They say that this is not fair and that this is against
civil rights. The airline, American Airlines, says that this is not true and that Mr Shater was not
allowed to board the plane because he was angry and aggressive and because he made mistakes when
he filled in the form asking for permission to take his gun onto the plane.
Now there is a big discussion in the United States about this question. Some airlines now check pas-
senger lists for Islamic names and many people of Middle Eastern appearance have not been allowed
to board planes. The airlines say that this is for "security" but critics say that this is racist and should
not be allowed. It is a very difficult question.
Decide whether these sentences are true or false

Decide whether these sentences are true or false: 1. Logging is the main cause of deforestation.
2. Brazilian beef is not popular in Europe.
3. The US buys more Brazilian beef than the EU does.
4. Soyabean farming causes only a small percentage of deforestation.
5. In the 1970s and 1980s enormous ranching operations produced most of the beef in the Amazon
region.
6. The Brazilian government is spending money to help save the rainforest.
Match the animals with the meat: 1. cattle (cows)
2. sheep
3. pigs
4. hens
a. lamb
b. chicken
c. beef
d. pork
Fill the gaps with a preposition. Check your answers in the text. 1. Last year was a very bad year ______ the rainforest.
2. Cattle farming is the main reason ______ deforestation.
3. Logging is not a direct cause ______ deforestation.
4. The percentage of imports increased ______ 40% ______ 74%.
5. The report does not agree ______ the Americans.
6. Small ranchers sold their beef ______ local slaughterhouses.
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the News
section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Look at this sentence from the text: Soyabean farming in the Amazon region is increasing. This means that this activity is happening now and is continuing. We use the present continuous to talk about these processes. Make more sentences using the present continuous from these prompts. You can check your answers in the text. 1.
farmers
cut down
trees
2.
cattle ranchers
destroy
rainforests
3.
enormous ranching operations control
beef export market
4.
commercial ranchers
produce
beef and ...
5.
... they
sell
European supermarkets
6.
the rainforest
disappear
Murakkab buyruqlarning shakllanishi 70-yillar oxirlariga kelib interpretatsiya yordamida juda murakkab buyruq ustida ko`plab amaliyotlar va izlanishlar olib borildi - bet 7

Мусаев М.М. “Компьютер тизимлари ва тармоқлари”. Тошкент.: “Aloqachi” нашриёти, 2013 йил. 8 боб. 394 бет. – Олий ўқув юртлари учун қўлланма.
Қаххоров А.А., Авазов Ю.Ш., Рузиев У.А. Компьютер тизимлари ва тармоқлари.Тошкент. Фан ва технологиялар. 2019.-356с.
Мусаев М.М. “Процессоры современных компьютеров”. Тошкент.: “Aloqachi” нашриёти, 2021 йил. 12 боб. 512 бет. – Олий ўқув юртлари учун қўлланма.
Мирзиёев Ш.М. Буюк келажагимизни мард ва олижаноб халқимиз билан бирга қурамиз. Тошкент. «Ўзбекистон», НМИУ, 2017.-488 б.
Мирзиёев Ш.М. Қонун устиворлиги ва инсон манфаатларини таъминлаш-юрт тарақиёти ва халқ фаровонлигининг гарови. Тошкент. «Ўзбекистон», НМИУ, 2017.-48 б.
Мирзиёев Ш.М. Эркин ва фаровон, демократик Ўзбекистон давлатини биргаликда барпо этамиз. Тошкент. «Ўзбекистон», НМИУ, 2016.-56 б.
Хорошевский И.Г. Архитектура вычеслительных систем. Учебное пособие. М.: Изд. МГТУ им.Н.Э.Баумана. 2008.-534.
Баденко В.Л. Высопроизводительные вычесления. Учебное пособие. СПб. Изд. Политехнического университета. 2010.-180 с.
Соломенчук В. Г., Соломенчук П. В. Железо персональных компьютеров 2010.СПб.:БХБ Петербург, 201С. -448 с.
Довгий П.С., Поляков В. И. Прикладная архитектура базовой модели процессора Intel. Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Организация ЭВМ и систем». -СПб.:НИУ. ИТМО,2012. -115 с.
Таненбаум Э., Остин Т. Архитектура компьютера //6-е издание. СПб., Питер,2013. -811 с.
Pre-reading
Key Vocabulary

Pre-reading Key Vocabulary These words are important for understanding the text. Match the words with the definitions.
solution
someone who is expected to be in a place but is not there.
reform
a plant grown for food, usually on a farm.
to occupy
a small hard part produced by a plant that can grow into a new plant.
absentee
to improve a situation by correcting things.
landowner
empty or finished, because a supply of something has all been used.
peasant
a way to solve a problem or deal with a bad situation.
to oppose
the substance in which plants grow.
Crop
to be in control of a place that you have entered by force.
fertiliser
a natural or chemical substance which helps plants to grow.
pesticide
a person who owns land.
exhausted
someone who works on another person’s farm or their own small farm
soil
a chemical used for killing insects.
seed
to disagree with or disapprove of a plan or policy.
True or False? Find the answers in the text.
TRUE FALSE
1 Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of food.
2 Half of the population of Brazil is hungry.
3 Twenty years ago more than 5 million people lost their homes in three southern states.
4 Between 1981 and 1984 277 absentee landlords were murdered.
5 At first the poor families planted food instead of cash crops.
6 The fertilisers and pesticides made them ill.
7 Now people farm in the same way their parents and grandparents farmed.
8 Between 1995 and 1999 260,000 families got land from the government.
9 In the same period nearly 1 million small farmers lost their land.
10 Monsanto is a big biotech company.
Working the land to feed the people
L E V E L O N E
-
E L E M E N TA RY
The Guardian Weekly - Topical News Lessons

World’s richest man gives $100m ‘gift’
Level 1 |
Elementary
© one
stop
english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
3
4
Vocabulary Building I: Opposites
Find words in the text which mean the opposite of these words:
1
•
poorest
2
•
happy
3
•
popular
• - Topical News Lessons

© one
stop
english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
Getting medicine for the poor
Level 1 |
Elementary
2
M
ost of the news in the
newspapers is bad but
sometimes there is a story with
good news. This is one of those stories.
Millions of people around the world
suffer from AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis
and other serious diseases. There are
medicines to treat these diseases but,
for people in poor countries, these
medicines are too expensive to buy.
When a pharmaceutical company
produces a new medicine, they receive a
special licence called a patent. This
licence means that the new medicine or
drug is protected for a period of 20
years. The company that produced the
drug can fix the price of the drug and
no other company is allowed to produce
the same drug or a copy of the drug for
20 years. At the moment, these patents
operate all over the world, both in rich
countries and in poor countries. The
drugs companies say that they need
patents so that they can get the money
to pay for research to find new drugs
and medicines. In rich countries people
usually have enough money to pay for
these drugs, but in poor countries
people cannot afford to buy them and
cannot treat diseases like AIDS and
malaria.
Last month, however, a group of experts
published a report which says that
patents are very bad for poor countries.
The report says that drug companies do
not want to find new medicines for
diseases of poor people in poor
countries. It says that poor countries
should be allowed to make copies of
drugs and that if they cannot produce
these copies themselves, they should be
allowed to buy cheap drugs without
patents from other countries.
The authors of the report were lawyers,
scientists and a senior director from the
drug company Pfizer. Of course, the
pharmaceuticals industry does not agree
with the report. “We need patents so
that we can develop new medicines to
fight disease both in the developed and
the developing world”, said a
spokesman. But the report is the first
sign that there might be a change in the
patent system. This change could save
millions of lives in the world’s poorest
countries. This really is good news!
Decide whether these statements are True or False according to the information

©
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2005
Taken
from the news section in
www.onestopenglish.com
Complete the table.
Verb
Noun
1. combine ____________
2.
forecast
____________
3.
compete
____________
4.
produce
____________
5.
fly
____________
6. grow
____________
7. cost
____________
8. succeed ____________
Comparatives – short and long forms
Look at these examples from the text:
The Dreamliner will be more successful.
The A380 is bigger than the Dreamliner.
Fill the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets:
1.
The A380 is __________________ than the Dreamliner. [expensive]
2.
The Dreamliner is _______________ than the A380. [cheap]
3.
Boeing says the Dreamliner will be ______________ than the A380. [flexible]
4.
Some experts think the A380 will be ________________ than the Dreamliner.
[successful]
5. The
Dreamliner
is
_______________ than the A380. [small]
6.
Some experts believe the A380 will be ________________ than the
Dreamliner. [profitable]
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2004
Taken from the News
section in
www.onestopenglish.com
a
• - Topical News Lessons

©
Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2006
Taken from the Magazine section in
www.onestopenglish.com
of changes in the management of the company. In May 2004 the Irishman
Neville Isdell became chief executive.
Mr Isdell was open about Coca-Cola's mistakes. He said there were no easy
answers. He said that Coca-Cola had missed consumer trends and that its
advertising was not effective. He promised an extra $400m for marketing and
promised to sell more in growing markets such as China and India. The
company is now spending more money on developing new products.
Now it seems that Mr Isdell is making some progress. Coca-Cola’s profits
have increased over the past year. In the third quarter of last year profits
increased by 37% to $1.28bn, with very good sales in developing markets
such as China, Russia and Latin America.
In the meantime PepsiCo is continuing to do well. It is concentrating on
healthier products including Tropicana fruit bars and a carbonated version of
Tropicana fruit juices.
-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari

2-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari
( I chorak uchun)
Chorak mavzusi:Ykkanavozlik, jo’rnavozlik, jorsozlik.
1. Tinglagan kuyning nomi nima?
2. O’zbekiston madhiyasining bastakori kim?
3 O’zbekiston madhiyasining she’rini kim yozgan?
4.Tovushlar necha turga bo’linadi?
5. Musiqiy tovushlarga qanday tovushlar kiradi?
6. Skripka kaliti qaysi notani qamrab oladi?
7. Asosiy nota chiziqlari nechta?
8.Shovqinli tovushlarga nimalar kiradi?
9.Skripka kalitining ikkinchi nomi nima?
10. Kuy yaratadigan kishi kim deb aytiladi?
11. Musiqa ijro etadigan kishi kim deb aytiladi?
12. Qo’shiq ijro etadigan kishi kim deb aytiladi?
13. She’r yozadiagan kishi kim deb aytiladi?
14.Tinglagan qo’shiq nomini ayting?
( “Vatanjonim”qo’shig’ining kuyi salib ko’rsatiladi.)
15.”Maktabim” qo’shig’ining bastakori kim?
16.Bir kishi ijro etadigan kuy ijrosi nima deb aytiladi?
17. Ikki kishi ijro etadigan kuy ijrosi nima deb aytiladi?
18.Asosiy musiqiy tovushlar nechta?
19. Tinglagan kuy nomini ayting?(“Qashqarcha”kuyi ijro etiladi.)
20. Dutorda kuy chaladidan kishi nima deb aytiladi?
|
-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari

2-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari
( II chorak uchun)
Chorak mavzusi:Ykkanavozlik, jo’rnavozlik, Cholg’ycholar va xonandalar dastalari.
1.Xor nima
2.Butun nota nechaga sanaladi?
3.Takt chiziginig vazifasi nima?
4.Takt chiziqlari orasi nima deb aytiladi?
5. O’lchovlar qayerga qo’yilad.
6. Sur’at nima?
7.”Archa qo’shig’i”ning bastakori kim?
8.”Farg’onacha ”kuyining bastaori kim?
9. Yakkanavozlik nima?
10.Xonanda kim?
11.Ikkita cholg’u sozida kuy chalish nima deb aytiladi.
12.”Qashqarcha” kuyining bastakori kim?
13. Faqat dutorchilardan tuzilgan guruh nima deb aytiladi?
14. Tinglagan qo’shiq nomini ayting? (“Sog’lom avlod qo’shig’i”ning kuyi chalib ko’rsatiladi)
15. “Sog’lom avlod qo’shig’i”ning bastakori kim?
16. “Uch xumo qush parvozi xush, makonimda osmonimda”
Buqaysi qo’shiqdan olingan?
17.”Qadim Turon” qo’shig’ining musiqasini kim yozgan?
18. ”Qadim Turon” qo’shig’ining she’rini kim yozgan?
19. Butun nota nechaga sanaladi?
20.Musiqa chaladigan kishini kim deb aytamiz?
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Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish kategoriyasi

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Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish kategoriyasi
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bet | 8/102 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,19 Mb. | | #118418 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruza 1 2Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish kategoriyasi
Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish jarayonlarini samarali tashkillashtirish uchun nafaqat boshqaruv obyekli yaqqol belgilangan bo’lishi, shuningdek, boshqaruv kategoriyasi ham aniqlangan bo’lish i lozim.
Ya’ni barcha jarayonlarni zng yaxshi amalga oshirilishini va tashkillashtirish-ni yo‘lga qo'yish lozim. Mahsulot sifatini boshqarish munosabatida quyidagi kategoriyalarri belgilash mumkin:
Boshqaruv obyekti - mahsulot sifati. Ayrim holda boshqaruv obyekti sifatida raqobatbardoshlik, texnikaviy daraja yoki u yoki bu ko'rsatkich tavsiflari bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, yengil avlomobil uchun sifatni boshqarish obyekti sifatida: maksimal tezligi, yonuvchi materiallarni sarfi, qulayligi, boshqaruvning qulayligi, energiya bilan ta ’minlanganligi, aerodinamikasi va boshqa texnikaviy xosalari bo'lishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, obyekt mahsulotning barcha xossiari xox u qismi, guruhi yoki alohida xossasi bo'lishi mumkin.
Boshqaruv maqsadi - iste’molchilar va ishlab chiqaruvchilaming iqtisodiy qiziqishlarini hisobga olib mahsulot sifati darajasi va holatini, hamda mahsulotning ekologik va xavfsizlik talablaridir. So‘z sifatning qanday darajasi va xossalarining majmui berilishi, keyin esa bunga ushbu majmua va ushbu darajaga ehtiyojlar tavsifi muvofiq kelishiga erishish va ta ’minlash haqida bormoqda. Bunda iste’mol va ishlab chiqarishning samaradorligi masalari yuzaga keladi, ya ’ni iste’molchilar uchun qulay narx va tannarxi darajasi hamda ishlab chiqaruvchi va tayyorlovchilar
uchun mahsulotdan foyda olih kelishi masallarini ko'ribchiqish lozim. Shuningdek, mahsulotni ishlab chiqarish muddatini qisqartirish yoki tezlashtirish, iste’molchi-gacha yetkazish va uni ishlab chiqarish surati ko'rinishida o'ylamaslik lozim, bu esa
raqobatbardoshlik bilan to ‘g ‘ridan-to‘g ‘ri bo’g’liq bo’ladi.
Boshqaruv subyekti - mahsulotning sifati darajasi va holatini rejalashtiruvchi va unga erishini ta ’minlovchi shaxs va boshqaruvchi
organ.
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The Guardian Weekly - Topical News Lessons

A big clean-up
Level 1 |
Elementary
© one
stop
english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
3
4
Vocabulary: Find the Word
Find:
1
•
A verb which means the opposite of ‘increase’.
2
•
A noun which mean the air, water, land, animals and plants around us.
3
•
A verb which means ‘to use again’.
4
•
A verb which means ‘to divide people or things’.
5
•
An adjective which means the opposite of ‘safe’.
6
•
A noun which means that there are not enough jobs for people who want to work.
3
•
What is zero waste?
a
•
It is the same as incineration.
b
•
Recycling everything.
c
•
Repairing, re-using or recycling everything.
4
•
When do the authorities in Canberra, Toronto and California believe they can reach the target
of zero waste?
• - Topical News Lessons

© one
stop
english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
A big clean-up
Level 1 |
Elementary
2
W
aste is a big problem for many
towns and cities. Usually, there
are 3 ways of treating waste.
One way is to burn it. This is called
incineration. The waste is burned at very
high temperatures. The second way is to
put it in large holes in the ground and
cover it with earth. This is called
landfilling. The third way is to use waste
products again. For example, it is
possible to re-use glass bottles, paper
and some kinds of plastic. This is called
recycling.
The UK produces more than 20m tonnes
of waste each year and by the year
2020 it will produce more than 40m
tonnes. What will towns and cities do
with so much rubbish? A new law from
the European Union means that all
European Union countries have to
reduce landfilling because it is very bad
for people’s health and for the
environment. Incineration is a possibility
but there are problems with this. It is an
expensive way of treating waste and it
also produces pollution which is bad for
health and the environment.
Now there is a new idea. It is called
zero waste. With this method everything
we buy will be made from materials that
we can repair, re-use or recycle.
Governments and industry must work
together to introduce zero waste
programmes.
In New Zealand 45% of all towns and
cities have introduced zero waste
policies. In Canberra, Toronto and
California they believe that zero waste is
a target that they can reach by the year
2015 at the latest
At the moment Britain recycles 11% of
household waste, burns 8% and buries
the rest in landfills. Canberra is already
recycling 59% of its waste and
Edmonton, Canada, recycles 70%. Most
waste in our rubbish bins is organic
waste and this can be very dangerous to
our health because it becomes rotten
and can then leak into the water
system. Many towns and cities now
separate organic waste, dry recyclables
such as bottles and plastics, and
dangerous materials such as batteries.
Supporters of zero waste also say it can
make money. Small businesses that
recycle waste can create jobs in places
where there is high unemployment.
“This is a quiet revolution,” says Warren
Snow, of the New Zealand Zero Waste
Trust. “Local people are turning waste
into jobs”.
15%-20% of waste is difficult or
expensive to recycle. In the zero waste
system, industries will not use these
materials any more. Perhaps in twenty
or thirty years time, we will all have zero
waste and the world will be cleaner and
healthier.
• - Topical News Lessons

© one
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english.com 2002 |
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.
Getting medicine for the poor
Level 1 |
Elementary
1
1 Key Verbs
Fill the gaps using one of these words from the text:
suffer treat publish allow(ed) afford
agree protect develop save receive(d)
1
•
Scientists are trying to ____________ a new drug against AIDS.
2
•
Special drugs are used to ____________ malaria.
3
•
Millions of people ____________ from malaria in poor countries.
-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari

3-sinf uchun musiqa fanidan “Lahzada javob” o’yini savollari
( IV chorak uchun)
Chorak mavzusi:Oddiy musiqa shakli. Band va naqorat.
1. Oddiy musiqa shakli nima?
2. Band va naqoratdan tuzilgan qo’shiqlar nima deb aytiladi?
3. Qo’shiqda she’rning mazmuni o’zgarib turuvchi qismi nima deb aytiladi?
4.Qo’shiqda mazmuni o’zgarmaydigan har qaysi bandidan keyin aytiladigan qismi nima deb aytiladi?
5.Bastakor L. Mujdaboyeva qachon tug’ilgan?
6 L. Mujdaboyeva qayerda konservatoriyada o’qigan?
7.”Yalpiz” qo’shig’ini Bastakori kim?
8. O’zgarmas qaytarish belgisi nima deb aytiladi?
9. O’zgaruvchan qaytarish belgisi nima deb aytiladi?
10.Yarim notaga nechta chorak nota bor?
11.Chorak nota nechaga sanaladi?
12.Nechta nimchorak nota 1 ham (i) gat eng?
13. Rus bastakori P.I.Chaykovsiyqachon tug’ilgan?
14. G’ijjak nima bilan chalinadi?
15.”Hammangizga birdek qaray,
Sevib quchay, yuvib taray”. “Bu qaysi qo’shiqdan olingan”?
16. Nay, sunray qanday cholg’ular guruhiga kiradi?
17.Tayoqchalar bilan qanday musida asboblari chalinadi?
18. Tinglagan qo’shiq nomini ayting?(“Qo’zilarim” qo’shigi chalib beriladi)
19.”Keng Turkiston” qo’shig’ining bastakori kim?
20.”Navro’z keldi”, “Gul yaxshi-bola yaxshi” qo’shig’iibastakori kim?
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PFM jarayonida submilliy hukumatga yordam ko'rsatish

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PFM jarayonida submilliy hukumatga yordam ko'rsatishBog'liq 624279a108ac5748110642 (1)PFM jarayonida submilliy hukumatga yordam ko'rsatish. BCA turli tadbirlar uchun submilliy hukumatlarga
xulosalar va tavsiyalar berishda foydali ekanligini isbotladi; ya'ni xulosalar bo'yicha xulosalarni hududlar
rahbarlariga taqdim etish; RPJMD jarayoni va hujjatlari uchun texnik ma'lumotlarni taqdim etish; va APBD
2020ni qayta ko'rib chiqish paytida ma'lumotlarni taqdim etish.
Umuman olganda, Byudjet cheklovlarini tahlil qilishning asosiy maqsadi submilliy hukumat uchun oddiy
tarzda, u duch keladigan muammolarga e'tibor qaratish orqali dalillarga va tahlilga asoslangan rejalashtirish
va byudjetlashtirishni rag'batlantirish edi. Har bir BCA umumiy submilliy PFMga yordam berish uchun submilliy
hukumat hamkasbi bilan hamkorlikdagi faoliyat edi. U muammolarni aniqlash va submilliy va markaziy hukumat
hamkasblarini ushbu muammolar haqida xabardor qilish uchun ishlab chiqilgan. Ushbu jarayonni osonlashtirish
uchun KOMPAK jamoasi submilliy hukumatlarning BCAni o'tkazishdagi ehtiyojlariga mos kelishi mumkin bo'lgan
grafik va diagrammalarni yaratish uchun ma'lumotlar shablonlari va o'quv qo'llanmalarini tayyorladi.
15 tumandagi BCA natijalari rejalashtirish va byudjetlashtirish jarayonlaridagi submilliy hukumat
muammolari haqida umumiy ma'lumot olish uchun qo'shimcha tahlil qilindi. Ushbu baholash tahlili davlat
moliyasini boshqarishdagi muammolar va takomillashtirish bo'yicha submilliy hukumatlar bilan siyosiy muloqot
uchun foydalaniladigan 15 ta tuman uchun BCA ko'rib chiqish natijalarining bir qismidir. Qiyinchiliklarni beshta
asosiy turga bo'lish mumkin, xususan: (a) davlat moliyasini boshqarishdagi umumiy muammolar; (b) daromad bilan
bog'liq muammolar; (c) xarajatlar bilan bog'liq muammolar; (d) tarmoq muammolari; va (e) institutsional muammolar.
1.2 MAQSADLAR
Machine Translated by Google
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-chizma. QARZ BO'YICHA MASLAHAT MUAMMOLARINA NAMALLAR, TO'RT TUMAN, 2014–2018

Davlat moliyasini boshqarish muammolari
17-bet
Davlat moliyasini boshqarish muammolari: 15 ta tumanda byudjet cheklovlari tahlilidan olingan saboqlar
8 DJPK byudjet ma'lumotlarining alohida hisob-kitobi shuni ko'rsatadiki, tuman hukumatlari o'rtacha hisobda 2014 yilda umumiy APBDning atigi 11 foizini
hissa qo'shishi mumkin edi va bu 2018 yilda 12 foizga oshgan. Munitsipal hukumatlar uchun PAD hissasi 23 foizdan oshdi. 2014 yilda 28% ga 2018.
Viloyat
hukumatlari uchun uning daromadlarining deyarli yarmi PADdan kelgan, garchi u 2014 yildagi 52% dan 2018 yilda 47% gacha kamaygan (DJPK
maÿlumotlari, manba maÿlumotlaridan yaratilgan).
9 Mahalliy moliyaviy mustaqillik koeffitsienti mintaqaning o'z davlat faoliyatini, rivojlanishini va soliq va yig'imlarni to'lagan aholiga xizmat ko'rsatishni
moliyalashtirish qobiliyati darajasini mintaqa tomonidan talab qilinadigan daromad manbai sifatida ko'rsatadi. Mustaqillik koeffitsienti
boshqa manbalardan
(tashqi tomonlardan) olingan mahalliy daromadlarga nisbatan mahalliy o'z manbalari daromadlari miqdori bilan ko'rsatilgan, jumladan: Soliq daromadlarini
taqsimlash, tabiiy resurslarning soliqdan tashqari daromadlarini taqsimlash, markaziy hukumat DAU va DAK (umumiy va maxsus). ajratish mablag'lari),
Markaziy hukumat favqulodda jamg'armasi va kredit jamg'armasi.
10 Fiskal markazsizlashtirish darajasi submilliy hukumatning mahalliy rivojlanishni moliyalashtirish uchun mahalliy o'z daromadlarini yaratish qobiliyatidir.
Fiskal markazsizlashtirish darajasi formulasi mahalliy daromadlarning umumiy miqdoriga nisbatan PAD komponentidir.
The Guardian Weekly - Topical News Lessons

Getting medicine for the poor
Level 1 |
Elementary
© one
stop
english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
2
4 Word Building
Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help.
VERB
NOUN
1
•
treat
____________
2
•
produce
____________
3
•
agree
____________
4
•
develop
____________
5
•
protect
____________
6
•
operate
____________
7
•
change
____________
5 Prepositions
Fill the gaps using a preposition. Check your answers in the text.
1
•
Millions of people suffer ______ AIDS.
2
•
Many people have no money to pay ______ expensive drugs.
3
•
People ______ poor countries cannot afford expensive drugs.
4
•
The pharmaceuticals industry does not agree ______ the report.
5
•
Patents are bad ______ poor countries.
6
•
Millions ______ lives could be saved.
7
•
Drugs are protected by patents ______ a period of 20 years.
8
•
These patents operate all ______ the world.
4
•
What does the report say?
a
•
Poor countries should spend more money on drugs.
b
•
Poor countries should be allowed to make copies of drugs.
c
•
Poor countries should import drugs.
5
•
What might happen if the patent system is changed?
a
•
Drugs companies will stop producing drugs.
b
•
Millions of lives will be saved in poor countries.
c
•
Drugs companies will make more money.
© one
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english.com 2002 |
This page can be photocopied
.
A big clean-up
Level 1 |
Elementary
1
1
Pre-reading | Key Verbs
Fill the gaps using these key words:
waste rotten bin bury
incineration pollution recycling leak
1
•
Burning waste at very high temperatures is called ____________ .
2
•
____________ is another word for rubbish.
3
•
____________ means using waste materials again.