nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
M obile devices - Guide To Digital

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Guide To Digital
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Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceM obile devices: Although handheld voice transmission devices using radio transmission have been in use since the 1940s (the Walkie-Talkie), the first version of what we would now call a cell phone was not developed until the 1980s. Cell phone use around the world skyrocketed in the 1990s and hit 4.6 billion cell subscriptions by the end of 2009. Cell
phone and wireless technology has expanded
to include many types of mobile devices such as tablet computers and hand-‐held video games.
Once used only for voice communications, today’s cell phones are also used to take digital photos and movies, send instant messages, browse the web and perform many of the same tasks as a computer. Mobile devices allow criminals to engage in an ever-‐growing variety of activities and the devices keep track of every move and message. It is this tracking capability that turns mobile devices into key evidence in many cases.
Why and when is digital evidence used?
Digital evidence may come into play in any serious criminal investigation such as murder, rape, stalking, car-‐jacking, burglary, child abuse or exploitation, counterfeiting, extortion, gambling, piracy, property crimes and terrorism. Pre-‐ and post-‐crime information is most relevant, for example, if a criminal was using an online program like Google Maps™ or street view to case a property before a crime; or posting stolen items for sale on Craigslist or E-‐Bay®; or communicating via text-‐message with accomplices to plan a crime or threaten a person. Some crimes can be committed entirely through digital means, such as computer hacking, economic fraud or identity theft.
In any of these situations, an electronic trail of information is left behind for a savvy investigation team to recognize, seize and exploit. As with any evidence-‐gathering, following proper procedures is crucial and will yield the most valuable data. Not following proper procedures can result in lost or damaged evidence, or rendering it inadmissible in court.
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Isolate Wireless Devices - Guide To Digital

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Guide To Digital
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bet | 7/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceIsolate Wireless Devices: Cell phones and other wireless devices should be initially examined in an isolation chamber, if available. This prevents connection to any networks and keeps evidence as pristine as possible. The Faraday bag can be opened inside the chamber and the device can be exploited, including phone information, Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) information, SIM cards, etc. The device can be connected to analysis software from within the chamber. If an agency does not have an isolation chamber, investigators will typically place the device in a Faraday bag and switch the phone to airplane mode to prevent reception.
Install write-‐blocking software: To prevent any change to the data on the device or media, the analyst will install a block on the working copy so that data may be viewed but nothing can be changed or added.
Select extraction methods: Once the working copy is created, the analyst will determine the make and model of the device and select extraction software designed to most completely ‘parse the data,’ or view its contents.
Submit device or original media for traditional evidence examination: When the data has been removed, the device is sent back into evidence. There may be DNA, trace, fingerprint, or other evidence that may be obtained from it and the digital analyst can now work without it.
Proceed with investigation: At this point, the analyst will use the selected software to view data. The analyst will be able to see all the files on the drive, can see if areas are hidden and may even be able to restore organization of files allowing hidden areas to be viewed. Deleted files are also visible, as long as they haven’t been over-‐written by new data. Partially deleted files can be of value as well.
Files on a computer or other device are not the only evidence that can be gathered. The analyst may have to work beyond the hardware to find evidence that resides on the Internet including chat rooms, instant messaging, websites and other networks of participants or information. By using the system of Internet addresses, email header information, time stamps on messaging and other encrypted data, the analyst can piece together strings of interactions that provide a picture of activity.
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References - Guide To Digital

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Guide To Digital
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bet | 14/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceReferences
ELECTRONIC CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION: A GUIDE FOR FIRST RESPONDERS,
2ND ED, 2008. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National
Institute of Justice. http://www.nij.gov/pubs-‐sum/219941.htm (accessed
July 5, 2012).
DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND FORENSICS, 2010. Department of Justice, Office of
Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
http://www.nij.gov/topics/forensics/evidence/digital/welcome.htm
(accessed July 5, 2012).
U.S. Secret Service, BEST PRACTICES FOR SEIZING ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE: A
POCKET GUIDE FOR FIRST RESPONDERS, Version 3, 2006. Public
Intelligence.net. http://publicintelligence.net/u-‐s-‐secret-‐service-‐best-practices-‐for-‐seizing-‐electronic-‐evidence/ (accessed July 5, 2012).
DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN THE COURTROOM: A GUIDE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND
PROSECUTORS, 2007. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,
National Institute of Justice. http://www.nij.gov/pubs-‐sum/211314.htm
(accessed July 5, 2012).
FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE: A GUIDE FOR LAW
ENFORCEMENT, 2004. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/199408.htm (accessed July 5, 2012).
Scientific Working Group Digital Evidence. http://www.swgde.org/ (accessed July 5, 2012).
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the following for their invaluable contributions to this forensic guide:
Stephen Pearson, Managing Partner, High Tech Crime Institute Group
Chris Hendry, Crime Lab Analyst in Computer Evidence Recovery, Florida
Department of Law Enforcement, Florida Computer Crime Center
Tallahassee
Dagmar Spencer, Research and Training specialist, Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Florida Computer Crime Center Tallahassee
Alastair Ross, Director, National Institute of Forensic Science at Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency
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How Digital Devices are Collected

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How Digital Devices are Collected
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bet | 5/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceHow Digital Devices are Collected
On the scene: As anyone who has dropped a cell phone in a lake or had their computer damaged in a move or a thunderstorm knows, digitally stored information is very sensitive and easily lost. There are general best practices, developed by organizations like SWGDE and NIJ, to properly seize devices and computers. Once the scene has been secured and legal authority to seize the evidence has been confirmed, devices can be collected. Any passwords, codes or PINs should be gathered from the individuals involved, if possible, and associated chargers, cables, peripherals, and manuals should be collected. Thumb drives, cell phones, hard drives and the like are examined using different tools and techniques, and this is most often done in a specialized laboratory.
First responders need to take special care with digital devices in addition to normal evidence collection procedures to prevent exposure to things like extreme temperatures, static electricity and moisture.
Seizing Mobile Devices
Devices should be turned off immediately and batteries removed, if possible. Turning off the phone preserves cell tower location information and call logs, and prevents the phone from being used, which could change the data
on the phone. In addition, if the device remains on, remote destruction commands could be used without the investigator’s knowledge. Some phones have an automatic tier to turn on the phone for updates, which could compromise data, so battery removal is optimal.
If the device cannot be turned off, then it must be isolated from its cell tower by placing it in a Faraday bag or other blocking material, set to airplane mode, or the Wi-‐Fi, Bluetooth or other communications system must be disabled. Digital devices should be placed in antistatic packaging such as paper bags or envelopes and cardboard boxes. Plastic should be avoided as it can convey static electricity or allow a buildup of condensation or humidity. In emergency or life threatening situations, information from the phone can be removed and saved at the scene, but great care must be taken in the documentation of the action and the preservation of the data.
When sending digital devices to the laboratory, the investigator must indicate the type of information being sought, for instance phone numbers and call histories from a cell phone, emails, documents and messages from a computer, or images on a tablet.
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Mersenne tub sonlarni tekshirish uchun testi

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Mersenne tub sonlarni tekshirish uchun testi
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Mersenne tub sonlarni tekshirish uchun testi
Kiruvchi: Tub son p.
Topish: Mp = 2p − 1 ni hisoblang.
Ketma-ketlikni tuzing: {si} ketma-ketlikni quyidagi tartibda yaratish:
si = s2i−1 − 2, s0 = 4 bo'yicha, to p − 2 gacha i = p − 2 bo'lguncha davom ettirilsin.
Agar sp−2 ≡ 0 (mod Mp) bo'lsa, "Mp tub"ni qaytaring. Aks holda, "Mp composite"ni qaytaring.
Diqqat qiling, ketma-ketlik doimiy bo'lsa-da, si sonini hisoblash uchun kerak bo'lgan sanalar soni p o'lchamiga bog'liq. Bu, demak, 2-qadamda, s0 = 4 bilan boshlanadi va si = s2i−1 − 2 (mod Mp) p − 2 marta takrorlanadi.
To'g'ri bo'lish
sp−2 ≡ 0 (mod Mp) ⇐⇒ Mp tub bo'lishini isbotlash uchun, ω = 2 + √3 va ω = 2 − √3 ni aniqlab olishimiz kerak. Endi ω = ω2n + ω2n, bu yerda L0 = ω1 + ω1 = 4. Bundan tashqari, Ln+1 = ω2n+1 + ω2n+1 ni aniqlashimiz kerak. ωω = (2 + √3)(2 − √3) = 1 bo'lganidan, oxirgi tenglama ω2n+1 + ω2n+1 + 2ω2nω2n − 2 = (ω2n + ω2n+1)2 − 2 = L2n − 2 ga o'tkazilishi mumkin. Bu, Ln va si ning bir xil ketma-ketliklar bo'lishi kerakligini anglatadi. Endi, bu Ln ni isbatlash uchun uni theoremning har ikki tomonini ham ishlatishimiz mumkin.
"⇐": Mp = 2p − 1 bo'lgan qiymatlarga ega a + b√3 shaklidagi sonlar guruhi ko'rib chiqamiz (mod Mp). Bizga AKS algoritmning isbotidan sabab, (1 + √3)Mp ≡ 1 + √3 Mp (mod Mp) = 1+ √ √3 3 √3 Mp (mod Mp) = 1+(√3)3 Mp−1 2 (mod Mp). Kvadrat reciprocality qonuni orqali, 3 Mp−1 2 ≡ ±1 (mod Mp). Endi to'g'ri belgilash kerak bo'lgan alamatni aniqlashimiz. Mp va 3 mod 4 ga mos kelganda, kvadrat reciprocality qonuni bizga ayta, yoki Mp tub son yoki 3 tub son o'rniga bo'lishi mumkin. Bizda Mp ≡ 1 (mod 3), shuning uchun Mp tub son (mod 3) va shu sababli 3 Mp−1 2 ≡ −1 (mod Mp). Bu demak, (1+√3)Mp ≡ 1− √3 (mod Mp). Endi biz ildizni (1+ √3) bilan ko'paytirishimiz kerak, bu bizga (1+√3)Mp+1 ≡ −2 (mod Mp) ni beradi. Biz ham (1+√3)2 = (4+2√3) = 2ω deb yozishimiz mumkin, bu esa (1 + √3)Mp+1 ni (2ω) Mp+1 2 = 2 Mp+1 2 ω Mp+1 2 = 212 Mp−1 2 ω Mp+1 2 ≡ −2 (mod Mp) ga aylantiradi. Bizda 2 Mp−1 2 ≡ 1 (mod Mp) sababli, oxirgi tenglamani 12 2ω Mp+1 2 ≡ −2 (mod Mp) deb yozishimiz mumkin. 2 ning Mp ga nisbatan tub son bo'lishi sababli, bu oxirgi tenglama ω Mp+1 2 ≡ −Mp −1 ≡ −1 (mod Mp) ga o'tkaziladi. Biz bu tenglamani ω2p−1+1 2 = ω2p−1 = ω2p−2 ω2p−2 sifatida yozishimiz mumkin, bu esa Mp ga nisbatan −1 (mod Mp) ga teng bo'ladi. Hozir, biz bu tenglamani ω2p−2 bilan ko'paytirib olishimiz kerak, bu esa ω2p−2 + ω2p−2 ≡ sp−2 ≡ 0 (mod Mp) ga o'tadi.
"⇒": Mp sp−2 ni bo'ladigan qilish, ya'ni, CMp = ω2p−2 + ω2p−2. Biz bu tenglamani ω2p−2 bilan ko'paytirib olishimiz mumkin, shu bilan ω2p−1 = CMpω2p−2 − 1. Uning o'ng tarafini ko'paytirish uchun uni kvadratga olib yuboramiz, va bizga ω2p = (CMpω2p−2 − 1)2 ni olishimiz kerak. Mp tub son emas deb faraz qilamiz, bu esa, q < p Mp bo'lgan bo'lsa. Biz G sonlar guruhiga barcha q ni mod q bo'yicha invertib sonlar ekanligini ko'ramiz va ko'rishimiz kerak, chunki |G| ≤ q2 − 1 (0 ni invertib son sifatida o'z ichiga olmaydi).
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How is quality control and assurance performed?

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How is quality control and assurance performed?
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bet | 9/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceHow is quality control and assurance performed?
Quality control and assurance is similar to other forensic specialties in that the laboratory must have and follow guidelines in addition to the responders and analysts. SWGDE brings together organizations actively engaged in the field of digital and multimedia evidence in the U.S. and other countries to foster communication and cooperation as well as to ensure quality and consistency within the forensic community. Practices have been cited by the
European Network Forensic Science Institute – Forensic Information
Technology Working Group (ENFSI-‐FITWG) and in publications.
According to SWGDE’s Minimum Requirements for Quality Assurance in the
Processing of Digital and Multimedia Evidence
(http://www.swgde.org/documents/current-‐documents/2010-‐05-‐15 SWGDE Min Req for QA in Proc Digital Multimedia Evidence_v1.pdf),
Digital Evidence Laboratories (DEL) must have and follow a written Quality
Management System (QMS) that is documented in a Quality Manual (QM). The QMS is similar to those in other types of forensic laboratories in that it defines structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources sound and error-‐free work and documentation.
To ensure the most accurate analysis of evidence, the management of forensic laboratories puts in place policies and procedures that govern facilities and equipment, methods and procedures, and analyst qualifications and training. Depending on the state in which it operates, a crime laboratory
may be required to achieve accreditation to verify that it meets quality standards. There are two internationally recognized accrediting programs focused on forensic laboratories: The American Society of Crime Laboratory
Directors Laboratory Accreditation Board (http://www.ascld-‐lab.org) and
ANSI-‐ASQ National Accreditation Board / FQS (http://www.forquality.org).
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Seizing Stand Alone Computers and Equipment

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Seizing Stand Alone Computers and Equipment
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bet | 6/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceSeizing Stand Alone Computers and Equipment: To prevent the alteration of digital evidence during collection, first responders should first document any activity on the computer, components, or devices by taking a photograph and recording any information on the screen. Responders may move a mouse (without pressing buttons or moving the wheel) to determine if something is on the screen. If the computer is on, calling on a computer forensic expert is highly recommended as connections to criminal activity
may be lost by turning off the computer. If a computer is on but is running
destructive software (formatting, deleting, removing or wiping information), power to the computer should be disconnected immediately to preserve whatever is left on the machine.
Office environments provide a challenging collection situation due to networking, potential loss of evidence and liabilities to the agency outside of the criminal investigation. For instance, if a server is turned off during seizure that is providing a service to outside customers, the loss of service to the customer may be very damaging. In addition, office equipment that could contain evidence such as copiers, scanners, security cameras, facsimile machines, pagers and caller ID units should be collected.
Computers that are off may be collected into evidence as per usual agency digital evidence procedures.
How and Where the Analysis is Performed
Exploiting data in the laboratory: Once the digital evidence has been sent to the laboratory, a qualified analyst will take the following steps to retrieve and analyze data:
Prevent contamination: It is easy to understand cross contamination in a DNA laboratory or at the crime scene, but digital evidence has similar issues which must be prevented by the collection officer. Prior to analyzing digital evidence, an image or work copy of the original storage device is created. When collecting data from a suspect device, the copy must be stored on another form of media to keep the original pristine. Analysts must use ‘clean’ storage media to prevent contamination—or the introduction of data from another source. For example, if the analyst was to put a copy of the suspect device on a CD that already contained information, that
information might be analyzed as though it had been on the suspect device. Although digital storage media such as thumb drives and data cards are reusable, simply erasing the data and replacing it with new evidence is not sufficient. The destination storage unit must be new or, if reused, it must be forensically ‘wiped’ prior to use. This removes all content, known and unknown, from the media.
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Internet - Guide To Digital

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Guide To Digital
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bet | 2/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidenceInternet: The launch of the Internet or World Wide Web in the mid 1990’s truly ushered in the ‘age of access.’ For the first time, individuals outside the academic world could use it to connect with others (and their computers) in a brand new way. The Internet opened up access to a world of information and resources, but also provided a highway for the traffic of illegal images, information and espionage.
Because of the global access to information and to other computers,
criminals are able to use this access to hack into financial and
communications systems, major corporations and government networks to steal money, identities and information, or to sabotage systems. One of the biggest challenges in Internet crime is for investigators, laboratory and technical personnel to understand how the process works and to stay closely engaged with advances in software and tracking technologies.
How it works: Any computer that connects to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) becomes part of the ISP’s network, whether it is a single computer or part of a local area network (LAN) at a work place. Each ISP connects to another network, and so on. In this way, the Internet is literally a web of networks where information can be sent and received to any point on the web from any other point. This global collection of networks has no ‘owner’ or overall controlling network, so it operates like a community with all the pros and cons you might find in any other community.
Computers: In the late 1970s, employees at the Flagler Dog Track in Florida used a computer to create and print fraudulent winning tickets. This prompted Florida to enact the first computer crime law, the Florida Computer Crimes Act, which declared un-‐authorized use of computing facilities a crime. Federal laws followed in 1984.
Computer crimes continue to be a growing problem in both the public and private sector. A single computer can contain evidence of criminal activity carried out on the web, or the criminal use can be contained in the computer itself, such as pornography, copyright infringement, extortion, counterfeiting and much more. Digital evidence is located on the computer’s hard drive and peripheral equipment, including removable media such as thumb drives and
CD-‐ROM discs.
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Additional Resources - Guide To Digital

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Guide To Digital
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bet | 17/17 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 430,06 Kb. | | #248066 | Turi | Guide |
Bog'liq DigitalEvidence
Publications:
Saferstein, Richard. CRIMINALISTICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC
SCIENCE, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ (2007).
McClure, David. Report: Focus Group on Scientific and Forensic Evidence in the Courtroom (online), 2007,
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/220692.pdf (accessed July
19, 2012)
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the following for their invaluable contributions to this guide:
Robin Whitley, Chief Deputy, Appellate Division, Denver District Attorney’s Office, Second Judicial District
Debra Figarelli, DNA Technical Manager, National Forensic Science Technology Center, Inc.
This project was developed and designed by the National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC) under a cooperative agreement from the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), award #2009-‐D1-‐BX-‐K028. Neither the U.S. Department of Justice nor any of its components operate, control, are responsible for, or necessarily endorse, the contents herein.
National Forensic Science Technology Center®
NFSTC Science Serving Justice®
8285 Bryan Dairy Road, Suite 125
Largo, Florida 33777 (727) 395-‐2511 info@nfstc.org
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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1 - bet 8

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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1
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bet | 8/20 | Sana | 01.04.2020 | Hajmi | 3,85 Mb. | | #9751 |
#
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Name
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Description
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Function
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Example
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8
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MSI
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Visualize MSI for the operator in ECDIS/GIS display.
Visualize MSI for decision making.
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Reference doc
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e-Nav9-INF8
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Contacts
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Recommendation
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Dr. Thomas Porathe
Chalmers University,
Sweden
thomas.porathe@chalmers.se
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Intuitive functionality – easy to understand.
Combination of text and graphic presentation.
Indicates if MSI has been assessed
Use of transparent symbol
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MSI symbol may cover other important information (no smart charting)
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#
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Name
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Description
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Function
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Example
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9
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METOC
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Metrological and Oceanographic Data (EfficienSea Project)
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Visual Presentation of Predicted Metrological and oceanographic data in the chart display.
Prediction is based on current speed and the planned schedule.
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Reference doc
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e-Nav9-INF8
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Contacts
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Recommendation
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Dr. Thomas Porathe
Chalmers University,
Sweden
thomas.porathe@chalmers.se
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Consistent use of WMO symbol to represent wind.
Quick and easy to understand information on the predicted prerequisites along the planned route
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No intuitive indicator for wave and current
Current vector may be too large
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May want to use more semi-transparent symbols.
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Gospital ta’lim muassasalari pedagogi 1. 9.40-10.10 - Гусев И.А. Педагог госпитальной школы.ru.uz

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Gospital ta’lim muassasalari pedagogi
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Bog'liq 1. 9.40-10.10 - Гусев И.А. Педагог госпитальной школы.ru.uz Gospital ta’lim muassasalari pedagogi:
missiya, malakalar, professional rivojlanish
Suyunov Sherzodbek Jamolovich
Missiya
Ma'lumot:
Gospital va oddiy turdagi ta’lim tashkilotlari pedagoglari ish mazmuni o‘rtasida farq bormi?
Missiyani anglash nimaga asoslanadi?
Mazmun
Kompetensiya
Ayni paytda Rossiyada 15,7 millionga yaqin maktab o‘quvchilari bor.
Ulardan 325 mingga yaqini nogiron bola yoki nogiron maqomiga ega.
548 mingga yaqin nogiron bolalar (0-17 yosh).
130 mingga yaqin bola uzoq muddatli davolanmoqda.
Missiya
“Ko‘rish - bu qoidalar to'plami va Nizomlarda ko'proq ma’noga ega. Bu real, ishonchli, tashkilotingiz kelajagining jozibali tasviri. Bu g'oya shunday energiyaga egaki, u mohiyatan o'sha ko'nikmalar, iste'dodlar va qobiliyatlarni hayotga tatbiq etish orqali kelajakni yaqinlashtiradi, istalgan kelajakning kelishi uchun zarur bo'lgan resursdir”.
MiBilanbu Kasalxona pedagogika / o'qituvchilarkasalxonamaktablar Flagshiployiha sayti"O'rgatish"Moskvada -Ko'proq110o'qituvchilar.Yaqin300talabalar birdaniga. Ko'proq 3500 talabalar saytlarda tomonidan hammasi Rossiya V oqimyilning.
O'qituvchilar:
Ular ko'rishadi ma'nosi o'zgarishlar
Toza hozir o'zimgamaqsadlarVayo'nalishlari
"Ideallarni" aks ettiruvchi standartlarga ega bo'ling
Tartibga solish ustuvorliklar, begona o'tlar ahamiyatsiz
Dan qutulish danstereotiplar
Ishlash Bilan ishtiyoq, ko'rsatish tashabbus
"Qo'llanma tomonidan qirollik donolik. Eng zo'r g'oyalarustalar boshqaruv" , YusufG. Boyett, Jimmi T. Boyett
Qobiliyatlar Omillar shakllanishi
Maxsus tarbiyaviy ehtiyojlari
bola, joylashgan yoqilgan Uzoq muddat davolash
Maxsus tarbiyaviy kerak:
Oshkor qilish
Maxsus tarbiyaviy
kerak:
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Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar Qirg‘izova Ixtibor Xashimdjanova

Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar Qirg‘izova Ixtibor Xashimdjanova
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Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar Qirg‘izova Ixtibor Xashimdjanova
Download
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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1 - bet 9

Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1
Download
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#9751
1
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#
Name
Description
Function
Example
10
Dynamic
No-Go Areas
Dynamic High Resolution No-Go Areas (
EfficienSea
project)
Displays high resolution No-Go areas for a ship of a defined draught
for a specified day and time
Coordinates for the specified rectangle are sent to the server which
queries the depth database
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1
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5
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20
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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1
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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1 - bet 7

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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1
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bet | 7/20 | Sana | 01.04.2020 | Hajmi | 3,85 Mb. | | #9751 |
#
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Name
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Description
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Function
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Example
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7
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ECOSOS
| Energy Consumption Optimized System On Ship Marine engine information display
( present state data and guidance data for optimized engine operation)
|
Suggest optimal navigational speed
Display marine engine information
Lower CO2 emission by reducing oil consumption
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Reference doc
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WG6/ Tokyo
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Contacts
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Advantage
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Disadvantage
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Recommendation
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Dr. Seojeong Lee
Korea Maritime University
sjlee@hhu.ac.kr
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Well organized for easy understanding of meaning of the data.
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Do not use red for optimized value display
May be too much information on one display
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Use intuitive colour to portrayal information.
Do not display too much information on one display
Use much larger font.
May be a better way to display text information.
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Ravshanov alisher sagdullayevich

Ushbu ruxsatnoma pasportsiz haqiqiy deb
hisoblanmaydi!
Bilimni baholash agentligining rasmiy telegram kanali:
t.me/BaholashUz
A B I T U R I Y E N T R U X S A T N O M A S I
2023/2024-o‘quv yili uchun qabul
ID
3490453
F.I.Sh.:
RAVSHANOV ALISHER SAGDULLAYEVICH
Pasport:
AB 4702605
Tug‘ilgan sana:
12.05.1980
Test topshirish fanlari:
Matematika (3.1)
Chet tili (2.1)
Majburiy fanlar (1.1)
Test topshirish manzili
Test sinovi topshirish hududi va hududga kelish vaqti:
Qashqadaryo viloyati,
8-avgust, soat 06:30
Test topshirish manzili: Qarshi shahri Mustaqillik shoh ko‘chasi 13-uy
Test topshirish joyi: Qarshi olimpiya va paralimpiya sport turlariga tayyorlash markazi voleybol zali
1
- smena,
68
- guruh
Ta'lim tili: o‘zbekcha. Test topshirish alifbosi: kirill
Chet tili: nemis
Tanlov ustuvorligi: davlat granti
TANLANGAN TA'LIM YO‘NALISHLARI
1
Sirtqi
Qarshi muhandislik - iqtisodiyot instituti
Iqtisodiyot (tarmoqlar va sohalar bo‘yicha)
2
Sirtqi
Qarshi davlat universiteti
Iqtisodiyot (tarmoqlar va sohalar bo‘yicha)
3
Sirtqi
Toshkent davlat agrar universiteti Samarqand filiali
Iqtisodiyot(qishloq xo‘jaligida)
4
Sirtqi
Samarqand davlat arxitektura-qurilish universiteti
Iqtisodiyot (tarmoqlar va sohalar bo‘yicha)
5
Sirtqi
Namangan davlat universiteti
Iqtisodiy xavfsizlik
IMTIYOZLAR
Nogironligi bor shaxslar uchun imtiyoz: Hujjat seriyasi va raqami: 504573 Hujjat berilgan sana:
1.
01.11.2021.
ABITURIYENTGA ESLATMA
• 2023-yil 8- avgust soat 06:30 ga qadar test topshirish hududiga yetib kelib, nazorat posti
orqali ruxsatnoma va pasportingiz (ID-karta) bilan hududga kirishingiz zarur (Shaxsi
tasdiqlanmagan va kechikib kelgan talabgorlar test sinoviga qo‘yilmaydi).
• Javoblar varaqasini buklash, belgilanmagan joylarga yozish taqiqlanadi.
• Test sinovlarini topshirish vaqtida guruhdan zarurat bilan chiqqan talabgorga qo‘shimcha
vaqt berilmaydi.
• Mikrokalkulyator, lug‘at, jadval, kitob, uyali telefon, kompyuter, telekommunikatsiya
qurilmalari va boshqa vositalar, shpargalkalar olib kirishga harakat qilgan yoki olib kirgan
talabgorlar test sinovidan chetlatiladi. Shuningdek, test materiallarini boshqa talabgorga
uzatish, yordam berish hamda bir-biri bilan gaplashish, test materiallariga ziyon yetkazish,
hududdan tashqariga olib chiqish, test sinovlari uchun ajratilgan vaqt tugaganidan so‘ng test
materiallarini topshirishdan bosh tortish sizni test sinovlaridan chetlatishga asos bo‘ladi.
Natijani ko‘rish
uchun havola
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VPN ulanishlarini boshqarish va sozlash

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VPN ulanishlarini boshqarish va sozlash
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bet | 3/5 | Sana | 06.01.2024 | Hajmi | 52,44 Kb. | | #131034 |
Bog'liq Virtual xususiy tarmoqlarVPN ulanishlarini boshqarish va sozlash
VPN Protokollari Tushunish
VPN ulanmalarini ochish uchun OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec va PPTP kabi protokollardan foydalanish mumkin, har biri xavfsizlik va performans darajasini taqdim etadi.
VPN-ni turli qurilmalarda sozlash
VPN ulanmalarini, smartfonlar, planshetlar, noutbuklar va routerlar kabi turli qurilmalarda boshqarish va sozlash mumkin bo'lib, internetga xavfsiz kirishni ta'minlaydi.
VPN sozlamalari va tanlovlarini boshqarish
Foydalanuvchilar, ularning xususiy talablari boyicha, shifrlash kuchini, server joylashuvlarini va avtomatik ulanish xususiyatlarini sozlash orqali, ularning VPN ulanishlarini moslashtirishlari mumkin.
Internet ulanishini VPN orqali himoya qilish
VPN nima?
Bir VPN yoki Virtual Maxsus Tarmoq, sizning internet ulanishini shifrlaydi, xavfsiz va maxsus brauzing tajribasi taqdim etadi.
VPN foydalanishning afzalliklari
VPN ishlatish, sizga geo-cheklangan kontentga kirish imkonini beradi, umumiy Wi-Fi orqali ma'lumotlaringizni himoya qiladi va anonim tarzda internetda ko'rish imkonini beradi.
Ommabop VPN xizmatlarining misollari
CyberGhost va ExpressVPN ikkala mashhur VPN xizmatlari, ularning kuchli shifrlash, tezlik va foydalanuvchi-dost interfeyslari bilan mashhur.
VPNni qanday o'rnatish va foydalanishni qanday amalga oshirish
VPN o'rnatish oson - faqat dasturni yuklab oling, server joylashuvingizni tanlang va internet ulanishini himoya qilish uchun bog'laning.
Umumiy VPN muammolari yechish
Ulanish muammolari
Agar siz ulanish muammolari yashasangiz, muammo hal bo'lishini tekshirish uchun VPN ilovangiz ichida boshqa server joylashuviga o'ting.
Tezlik kamayishi
Tormozlanish tezligi odatda sizning jismaniy joylashuvingizga yaqin server joylashuvi bilan bog'lanib, sizning ma'lumotlaringizning sayohat qilishi kerak bo'lgan masofani kamaytirish orqali hal qilinadi.
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CyberGhost VPN o'rnatish - Muallif: Virtual Maxfiy Tarmoqlarga (vpn) kirish

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Muallif: Virtual Maxfiy Tarmoqlarga (vpn) kirish
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bet | 2/5 | Sana | 06.01.2024 | Hajmi | 52,44 Kb. | | #131034 |
Bog'liq Virtual xususiy tarmoqlarCyberGhost VPN o'rnatish
CyberGhost VPN ga ulanish
CyberGhost VPN - bu foydalanishga qulay va ishonchli VPN xizmati, xavfsiz va maxfiy internetga kirishni keng server joylashuvlari bilan taklif qiladi.
CyberGhost VPN-ni o'rnatish uchun, oson qadamdan qadamga yo'riqnoma bilan boshlang va oddiy qo'llanmani o'rnatib, dasturni o'rnatib oling.
O'rnatilgandan so'ng, CyberGhost dasturini ishga tushiring va xohlagan server joylashuvingizga ulaning, xavfsiz va anonim internetda sayohat
Virtual Maxfiy Tarmoq (VPN)ni Express VPN orqali qurish
1
VPN foydalanishning afzalliklarini tushunish
Bunday Express VPN kabi VPN xavfsiz va maxfiy internetga kirishni ta'minlaydi, geo-cheklashlarni o'tkazib, maxfiy ma'lumotlarni himoya qiladi.
2
Express VPN ni o'rnatish va sozlash
Abonenti sotib olingandan so'ng, Express VPN ilovasini yuklab oling, kirish qiling va ulanish uchun server joylashuvi tanlang.
3
Express VPN-ni turli maqsadlar uchun foydalanish
Express VPN region bloklangan kontentga kirish, onlayn maxfiylikni ta'minlash va jamoaviy Wi-Fi ulanishlarini himoya qilish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.
CyberGhost va Express VPN xususiyatlarini taqqoslash
1
2
3
Server joylashuvlari va tezlik
Xavfsizlik va Maxfiylik Xususiyatlari
Moslashuvchanlik va mijozlar qo'llab-quvvatlash
CyberGhost 89 mamlakatda 6,800 server, Express VPN esa 94 mamlakatda 3,000 server taqdim etadi, va ularning ikkisi ham tez ulanish tezligini taqdim etadi.
CyberGhost AES-256 shifrlash, kill switch va DNS leak himoya qilishni o'z ichiga oladi, Express VPN esa qo'shimcha split tunneling va TrustedServer texnologiyasi bilan o'xshash imkoniyatlarni taklif qiladi.
CyberGhost va Express VPN, asosiy operatsion tizimlar va qurilmalar bilan mos keladi, 24/7 mijoz qo'llab-quvvatlash va foydalanuvchiga qulay interfeyslar bilan.
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Gеo-chеklovlarini o'tkazish

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Gеo-chеklovlarini o'tkazish
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bet | 5/5 | Sana | 06.01.2024 | Hajmi | 52,44 Kb. | | #131034 |
Bog'liq Virtual xususiy tarmoqlarGеo-chеklovlarini o'tkazish
Bir VPN bilan, tadbirkorliklar geo-cheklashlarni aşib, global kontentga kirish imkoniyatlarini olishadi, xalqaro bozor tadqiqotlari va kengaytirish imkoniyatlarini ta'minlaydi.
Yaxshi Online Xavfsizlik
VPN-lar korporativ tarmoqlarni kiber xavfli xavfliktlardan himoya qiladi, potentsial ma'lumotlar ehtiyotlarini va kiber hujumlar qarshi qo'shimcha xavfsizlik qatlamini taqdim etadi.
Kelajakda VPN texnologiyasi va foydalanishda o'zgarishlar.
1
2
3
Shifrlash va xavfsizlik protokollarida rivojlanishlar
Sun'iy intellekt va Mashina o'rganish integratsiyasi
Ko'proq e'tibor maxfiylik va anonimlikka qaratilgan.
Kelajakda VPN texnologiyasi ehtimol, foydalanuvchilarning ma'lumotlarini va maxfiyliklarini himoya qilish uchun kuchli shifrlash algoritmlarini va qattiq xavfsizlik protokollari qo'llab-quvvatlashi mumkin
Kelajakdagi VPN-lar AI va mashina o'rganishni qo'llab-quvvatlash va xavfsizlikni avtomatlashtirish, foydalanuvchi tajribasini yaxshilash va tarmoqni optimallashtirish uchun foydalanishlari mumkin.
VPN foydalanishning kelajagi foydalanuvchilar haydovchiligini va anonimligini saqlashga yuqori diqqat qaratadi, dezentralizatsiyalangan serverlar va nol loglash siyosatlari kabi xususiyatlar ko'proq ko'rinadi.
E'tiboringiz uchun rahmat!
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ASOSIY QISM 40 daqiqa - Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar Qirg‘izova Ixtibor Xashimdjanova

www.pedagoglar.uz
45-son 8–to’plam Iyun 2023
Sahifa: 32
Tushuntirish modeli. “Shakllar tilga kirganda” usuli
orqali tushuntiish modeli
bajariladi.
Noma’lum sonlar bilan yassi shakllar o‘zaro bog‘liq. Ikkita ma’lum soni bor misol
birinchi yechiladi. Bir xil shakllar bir xil sonni ifodalaydi.
Demak, kvadrat-0
trapetsiya-8
doira-6
uchburchak-7 sonlarni ifodalaydi.
O‘quvchilarga to‘g‘ri javob berish va xatoni tushuntirishda yordam bering.
2-QISM: Misol va yangi topshiriq
Muhokama mavzusi
-Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar yechish.
“Qaysi biri noma’lum” didaktik o‘yini orqali yangi mavzu tushuntiriladi.
Doskaga misolni yozing. O‘quvchilarga noma’lum qo‘shiluvchi
va kamayuvchi
topish kerakligini ayting.
Misolni o‘quvchilarning tasnifiga asoslanib tushuntiring.
40 x ________ x 56
________- 20 = 21
Keling, yana boshqa misollarni yechaylik.
Birinchi misoldagi noma’lum qo‘shiluvchini toppish uchun biz yig‘indi -56 dan
ma’lum qo‘shiluvchi -40 ni ayiramiz.
56-40=16 Ikkinchi qo‘shiluvchi 16 ga teng.
Endi topilgan sonni nama’lum bo‘lgan son o‘rniga qo‘yib tekshiramiz: 40-16=56.
Javob to‘g‘ri.
Fan: Operatsion tizimlar 5-maruza. Operatsion tizimlarning turlari

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Fan: Operatsion tizimlar 5-maruza. Operatsion tizimlarning turlari
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bet | 1/4 | Sana | 02.06.2024 | Hajmi | 471,48 Kb. | | #259318 |
Bog'liq 5-maruza OTturlari (1) Fan: Operatsion tizimlar 5-maruza. Operatsion tizimlarning turlari
Buxoro davlat universiteti
Axborot texnologiyalari fakulteti
REJA - Ko'pprotsessorli operatsion tizimlar
- Ko'pdarajali tizimlar
- Meynfreymlar operatsion tizimlari
- Server operatsion tizimlari
- Mijoz-server modeli
- Shaxsiy kompyuterlar operatsion tizimlari
- Virtual operatsion tizim
Ko’pprotsessorli operatsion tizimlar - Ko’pprotsessorlilik (rus. Мультипроцессорность, Многопроцессорная обработка, ingl. Multiprocessing) – bu bir kompyuter tizimida ikki yoki undan ortiq fizik protsessorlardan foydalanish tushuniladi.
- Operatsion tizim yoki dastur vazifalarni bir nechta protsessorlar o'rtasida taqsimlay oladigan bo'lsa, u ko'pprotsessorli deb ataladi.
Ko’pprotsessorli operatsion tizimlar - Telefonlar, planshetlar, noutbuklar va aksariyat shaxsiy kompyuterlar bitta protsessorga ega.
- Ish stantsiyalari va serverlar ba'zan bir asosiy platada ikki yoki undan ortiq protsessorlar bilan ta’minlangan bo’ladi.
- Bitta tizimda bir nechta protsessorlarni joylashtirilishi asosiy platada ko'plab o'zgarishlar kiritishni talab qiladi.
Ko’pprotsessorli operatsion tizimlar - Ko’pprotsessorli ishlov berish – bu multiprotsessorlash (Multiprocessing) deb ataladi. Multiprotsessorlash barcha resurslarni boshqarish algoritmlarini murakkablashtirishga olib keladi. OTga multiprotsessorlashni qo'llab-quvvatlash funktsiyalari dastlab Solaris 2.x, Open Server 3.x, OS/2, Windows NT va NetWare 4.1 OTlarda mavjud bo’lgan.
- Ko'pprotsessorli OTni ko'pprotsessorli arxitekturali tizimida hisoblash jarayonining tashkil etilishiga ko'ra tasniflash mumkin: assimetrik OT va simmetrik OT. Asimmetrik OT tizimning faqat bitta protsessorida ishlaydi va dastur vazifalarini qolgan protsessorlarga taqsimlaydi. Simmetrik OT markazlashtirilmagan bo’ladi va protsessorlar to’liq foydalanadi, ularni tizim va dastur vazifalari o'rtasida ajratadi.
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O`zbekiston respublikasi axborot texnologiyalari

O`ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA KOMMUNIKATSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI SAMARQAND FILIALI
"Kompyuter injiniring" fakulteti "Kompyuter tizimlari" kafedrasi
"Raqamli qurilmalarni loyihalashga kirish" fanidan
Mavzu: Raqamli qurilmalarni loyihalashtirish usullari
Bajardi: 21-06-guruh talabasi
Shukrullayev Sh.Sh
Qabul qildi: Indiaminov R.Sh
SAMARQAND – 2024
MAVZU: Raqamli qurilmalarini loyihalashtirish usullari.
Reja
Raqamli mantiqiy qurilmalarni loyihalashtirish
Mantiqiy funksiyalarning karno kartalari
Raqamli qurilmalar
Dasturlanuvchi mantiqiy elementlar
Raqamli mantiqiy qurilmalarni istiqboli
Ishdan maqsad: Raqamli qurilmalarni loyialashtirish usullari tushunchasini yanada isloh qilish va raqamli mantiqiy qurilmalarni istiqbolli yulida yangi maralara erishish.
KIRISH
«Elektron qurilmalarni loyihalash v konstruktsiyalash (CAD, CAM, CAE)» fani bo‘yicha tuzilgan kurs loyiha Elektronika va avtomatika talabalari uchun «Elektron qurilmalarni loyihalash va konstruktsiyalash (CAD, CAM, CAE)» fanining mos dasturi asosida yaratilgan.
Ko‘rsatma kurs loyihasini bajarish uchun topshiriq va Multisim virtual modellashtirish muhiti yordamida raqamli qurilmalarni qurish va ishlashni amaliy o‘rganish uchun kerakli uslubiy ko‘rsatmalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
Uslubiy ko‘rsatma sodda va murakkab raqamli qurilmalarni ketma-ket o‘rganish uchun ierarxik strukturaga ega. Oldin kombinatsion mantiqiy sxemalarning yaratilish printsiplari va ishi, so‘ngra xotira xossalariga ega bo‘lgan qurilmalar haqida ma’lumot beriladi. Har bir o‘rganilayotgan ob’ekt bo‘yicha asosiy tushunchalar, tasnifi, shartli belgilanishi, parametrlari keltiriladi. Nazariy qismdan keyin olingan bilimlarni amaliy o‘zlashtirish- virtual stendda raqamli qurilmalarni sintez va tahlili amalga oshiriladi. O’z- o‘zini nazorat va materialni yaxshi mustahkamlash uchun har bir bo‘limning oxirida mustaqil ish uchun topshiriq va nazorat savollari beriladi.
Ushbu ko‘rsatmada asosiy raqamli qurilmalarni o‘rganish Multisim muhiti imkoniyatlaridan foydalanib kurs loyihasini loyihalashtirish bilan tugallanadi.
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1-Amaliy ish. Tahdidlarni aniqlash tizimlarini o’rganish va tahlil qilish. Ishdan maqsad

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1-Amaliy ish. Tahdidlarni aniqlash tizimlarini o’rganish va tahlil qilish. Ishdan maqsad
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bet | 1/8 | Sana | 22.12.2023 | Hajmi | 33,52 Mb. | | #126548 |
Bog'liq ismoilov ozod
1-Amaliy ish.
Tahdidlarni aniqlash tizimlarini o’rganish va tahlil qilish.
Ishdan maqsad:
Mahalliy xavfsizlik siyosatini o'rnatish bo'yicha ko'nikmalarga ega bo'lish: foydalanuvchilar, parollar, qayd yozuvlarini bloklash, foydalanuvchi huquqlari va operatsion tizim xavfsizlik sozlamalari.
Ishni bajarish tartibi:
1. Foydalanuvchi qayd yozuvlari siyosatini sozlash.
2. Foydalanuvchi uchun mahalliy xavfsizlik siyosatini sozlash.
Windows oilasining operatsion tizimlarida OT ning turli xil funksional komponentlarini sozlash uchun parametrlar to'plami bo'lgan juda ko'p qo'shimchalar va qoidalar mavjud. Ular orasida "Локальная политика безопасности " deb nomlangan qo'shimchalar mavjud va u Windows ning himoya mexanizmlarini tahrirlash uchun javobgardir. Ushbu laboratoriya ishi doirasida mazkur vositaning tarkibiy qismlari va ularning tizim bilan o'zaro qanday bog’lanishi haqida tushunchalar berilgan.
1. Foydalanuvchi qayd yozuvlari siyosatini sozlash
Birinchi toifa "Политики учетных записей " deb nomlanadi. Ushbu toifani ochamiz va “Политика паролей” bo'limiga o’tamiz. O'ng tomonda parametrlarning ro'yxati keltirilgan bo'lib, ularning har biri harakatlarni cheklash yoki bajarish uchun qo’llaniladi. Masalan, "Минимальная длина пароля " bandida siz o'zingiz belgilagan belgilar sonini va "Минимальный срок действия пароля" da belgilar sonining o'zgarishini blokirovka qilish uchun kunlar sonini ko'rsatishingiz mumkin (1-rasm).
Xususiyatlar berilgana oynani ochish uchun variantlardan birini ikki marta bosing. Ushbu oynada cheklangan miqdordagi tugma va sozlamalar mavjud.
Masalan, "Минимальный срок действия пароля " da siz faqat kunlar sonini o'rnatasiz (2-rasm).
1-rasm. Foydalanuvchi qayd yozuvlari siyosati.
2-rasm. Mahalliy xavfsizlik parametri
«Объяснение» bandida ishlab chiquvchilar tomonidan har bir parametrning batafsil tavsifi ko’rsatilgan (3-rasm). Odatda bu jarayon juda keng yoritilgan, ammo ma'lumotlarning aksariyati foydasiz, shuning uchun uni o'zingiz uchun faqat asosiy fikrlarni belgilab, ortiqchasini o’tkazib yuborishingiz mumkin.
3-rasm. «Объяснение» bandi
Ikkinchi papkada ya’ni «Политика блокировки учетной записи» da uchta qoidalar mavjud. Bu yerda siz bloklash hisoblagichi tiklangunga qadar vaqtni, bloklash chegarasini (tizimga kirishda parol kiritish xatolarining soni) va foydalanuvchi profilining blolashning davomiyligini belgilashingiz mumkin (4-rasm).
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Currently, the faculty has 3 departments

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Currently, the faculty has 3 departments
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bet | 26/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Currently, the faculty has 3 departments:
Information Technology
Computer systems
Natural Sciences
Currently, these departments employ 1 doctor of science, 9 candidates of science, associate professors, 14 senior teachers, 27 teaching assistants and 8 employees.
The faculty has the following areas:
5330501 – Computer engineering (“Computer engineering”)
5330502 – Computer engineering (“AT-Service”)
Personnel in this area of undergraduate studies can: solve complex problems in the field of information and communication technologies in state and non-state enterprises, organizations, institutions, government bodies, participate in research work of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and network research institutes, research centers, research and production associations.
Opportunities for professional adaptation:
After passing pedagogical retraining, there is an opportunity to teach subjects related to information and communication technologies in general education secondary, secondary specialized, vocational educational institutions.
FACULTY OF TELECOMMINICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Departments of the faculty are:
Telecommunication engineering
Information and educational technologies
Foreign languages
Bachelor directions of the faculty:
Full-time education:
60611400- Post technology
60611000-Telecommunication technologies
60311300-Professional education in the field of information and communication technologies
Master’s specializations of the faculty:
70611001 – Telecommunication engineering (TV and radio broadcasting)
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What Are the Benefits of Artificial Intelligence?

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What Are the Benefits of Artificial Intelligence?
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bet | 23/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
What Are the Benefits of Artificial Intelligence?
AI has many potential benefits, including increased efficiency, improved accuracy, and enhanced decision-making capabilities. AI systems can help automate mundane tasks, freeing up time for more important work. They can also provide more accurate results than humans can achieve on their own, reducing errors and improving accuracy. Finally, AI systems can help businesses make better decisions by providing insights into customer behavior or market trends that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to uncover.
In conclusion, artificial intelligence is an exciting field with many potential applications in both business and consumer settings. By understanding what AI is and how it works, businesses can begin to harness its power to improve their operations and gain a competitive edge in their industry.
Reactive intelligence - As the term implies, reactive intelligence is the type of artificial intelligence that only reacts to certain input. Reactive AI does not have the ability to form memories or use past experiences in order to make a decision. On other words, they are incapable of learning in the traditional sense. Instead, the AI is programmed and will react with a predefined set of parameters. One of the most famous examples is IBM’s Deep Blue chess computer that was able to beat Garry Kasparov in 1997
Limited memory intelligence - This type of AI is an improvement over reactive AI in the sense that it is capable of using memory to study past data and then make a decision based on those choices. The type of memory this form of AI uses in general is short-lived or temporary memory. One of the more famous example of a limited memory AI is a self-driving car. The AI that is built into the car can use sensors and then call upon its previous memory in order to identify pedestrians or traffic signals. In this way, it is able to make quick decisions that can reduce accidents occurrence. An important thing to add is that machines that operate on a limited memory principle have a set of values pre-programmed and are unable to change those main parameters. They can adapt to new changes by modifying the original program, but they cannot change their behavior unaided.
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Task 4. Match the words in the left column with the best definition in the right column

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Task 4. Match the words in the left column with the best definition in the right column
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bet | 13/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Task 4. Match the words in the left column with the best definition in the right column.
(If you don’t know the answer, read the article again and try to guess the answer from context)
1. mammoth a. have a specific place
2. facets b. sales
3. retail c. depending on summer, winter, autumn, or spring
4. whopping d. giving a way to do something
5. seasonal e. very big
6. variation f. very big
7. enables g. giving a cause
8. localized h. an area
9. attributed i. differences
10. geography j. Aspects
1. mammoth - e. very big
2. facets - j. Aspects
3. retail - b. sales
4. whopping - f. very big
5. seasonal - c. depending on summer, winter, autumn, or spring
6. variation - i. differences
7. enables - d. giving a way to do something
8. localized - a. have a specific place
9. attributed - g. giving a cause
10. geography - h. an area
6. MODAL VERBS (QUESTION FORMS)
Task 1. Study the grammar material.
There are many modal verbs in English, e.g. can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must (See table 5).
We use modal verbs in questions, mostly when asking about possibility, uncertainty or permission. All modal verbs are followed by a main verb (V1).
When we are making a question with modal verbs, we put the modal verb before the subject (See table 6):
Question sentence: Affirmative sentence:
Should we wait? We should wait.
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