nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Arcmap dasturida arctoolbox vazifalarini bajarish - bet 3

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Arcmap dasturida arctoolbox vazifalarini bajarish
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 16.02.2024 | Hajmi | 61,54 Kb. | | #157713 |
Bog'liq Abdusalomova Sevara.pptx122254geografik ma’lumotlarni to‘plash – ko‘plab GIS turkumlarining asosiy vazifasi hisoblanadi. Loyihani shakillantirishni osonlashtirish uchun geografik ma’lumotlar to‘plamini maqsadli jamlash, geoma’lumotlar bilan birgalikda ishlash, yuqori darajadagi samarali izlanishlarni olib borish ham GISlarni vazifasi hisoblanadi. Katalog 13 oynasi yordami bilan har qanday GIS ma’lumotlarini bir turkumga keltirish mumkin. Tayyor standartlashtirilgan metama’lumotlardan foydalanuvchi tashkilotlar uchun ArcGIS ga o‘rnatilgan metama’lumotlar muharriri mavjud, undan ma’lumotlar to‘plamini hujjatlashtirish uchun foydalaniladi; - geografik ma’lumotlarni to‘plash – ko‘plab GIS turkumlarining asosiy vazifasi hisoblanadi. Loyihani shakillantirishni osonlashtirish uchun geografik ma’lumotlar to‘plamini maqsadli jamlash, geoma’lumotlar bilan birgalikda ishlash, yuqori darajadagi samarali izlanishlarni olib borish ham GISlarni vazifasi hisoblanadi. Katalog 13 oynasi yordami bilan har qanday GIS ma’lumotlarini bir turkumga keltirish mumkin. Tayyor standartlashtirilgan metama’lumotlardan foydalanuvchi tashkilotlar uchun ArcGIS ga o‘rnatilgan metama’lumotlar muharriri mavjud, undan ma’lumotlar to‘plamini hujjatlashtirish uchun foydalaniladi;
Rastrni fazoviy bog‘lash (Georeferencing) Har qanday nashr qilingan xaritadan yoki boshqa ma’lumotlardan raqamli xarita tuzish uchun uni rastridan manba sifatida foydalanishda, rastrni koordinatali bog‘lash kerak bo‘ladi. Barcha GISlarda bu ish dastlabki bosqichda bajariladi va u turli yo‘llar bilan olib boriladi. Shunday bo‘lishiga qaramasdan, ularda umumiy o‘xshashlik mavjud. Masalan, xarita qanday proyeksiyada tuzilgan bo‘lsa, shu proyeksiya tanlanadi, tayanch nuqtalarning soni 4 tadan kam bo‘lmasligi sharti, ro‘yxatga olish xatoligi kichik bo‘lishiga harakat qilish, o‘lchov birliklarini to‘g‘ri tanlash va h.k. Rastrni fazoviy bog‘lash bosqichi “tasvirni ro‘yxatga olish” deb ham yuritiladi. - Rastrni fazoviy bog‘lash (Georeferencing) Har qanday nashr qilingan xaritadan yoki boshqa ma’lumotlardan raqamli xarita tuzish uchun uni rastridan manba sifatida foydalanishda, rastrni koordinatali bog‘lash kerak bo‘ladi. Barcha GISlarda bu ish dastlabki bosqichda bajariladi va u turli yo‘llar bilan olib boriladi. Shunday bo‘lishiga qaramasdan, ularda umumiy o‘xshashlik mavjud. Masalan, xarita qanday proyeksiyada tuzilgan bo‘lsa, shu proyeksiya tanlanadi, tayanch nuqtalarning soni 4 tadan kam bo‘lmasligi sharti, ro‘yxatga olish xatoligi kichik bo‘lishiga harakat qilish, o‘lchov birliklarini to‘g‘ri tanlash va h.k. Rastrni fazoviy bog‘lash bosqichi “tasvirni ro‘yxatga olish” deb ham yuritiladi.
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Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakulteti - bet 37

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Kompyuterlashgan loyihalash tizimlari fakultetiBog'liq AMV majmua-
- holat
signallari, bajarilayotgan shina sikli to’g’risida ma’lumot beradi (1.13-
jadval). h
olat signallari shina kontrolleriga yuboriladi, u o’z navbatida deshifrasiya qilib
boshq
aruv signallarini keng to’plamini xosil qiladi. MP shina siklini bermasa, S2-S0 signallar 111
passiv h
olatga o’rnatiladi. S2 signali M/IO logik ekvivalentdir, S1 esa DT/R ga.
QS1-QS0
– navbat holati. MP ichki 6 bitli buyruqlar navbatining holatini aniqlaydi (1.14-jadval)
va navbat ustida amallar bajarilgandan so’ng sinxronlash takti mobaynida ta’sir qiladi. QS1-QS0
signallari ESC buyrug’i yordamida operand va buyruqlarni tushuna oladigan soprotsessor uchun
mo’ljallangan. Soprotsessor AD shinasini boshqaruvi va programma xotirasidan ESC buyrug’ini
tanlash vaqtini belgilab, buyruqlar navbatini kuzatadi va ushbu buyruq, bajarilish vaqtini
aniqlaydi.
Sh
inada davriy bajariladigan ma’lumotlarni
aniqlaydigan boshqarish signallari
1.13-jadval
S2 S1
S0
Shina davri turi
0
0
0
To’xtalish tasdiqi
0
0
1
TK ni o’qish
0
1
0
TK ni yozish
0
1
1
To’xtash
1
0
0
Buyruqlar tanlash
1
0
1
EK ni o’qish
1
1
0
EK ni yozish
1
1
1
Sh
ina davri yo’q
Navbatni holatiga mos bajariladigan vazifalar.
1.14-jadval
QS1 QS0
Navbat ustida amallar
0
0
Oxirgi taktda navbatdagi buyruq tanlanmagan
0
1
Navbatdagi buyruqni birinchi bayti tanlangan
1
0
Navbat bo’sh, boshqarishni
o’tkazish buyrug’i bilan bo’shatilgan
1
1
Navbatdan keyingi buyruqni, bayti tanlangan
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O’qitish shart-sharoitlari - Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy...

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Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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bet | 55/89 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 284,02 Kb. | | #140009 |
Bog'liq Majmua toshkеnt-2018-fayllar.orgO’qitish shart-sharoitlari
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Audiomagnitofon, cholg’u asbobi, fortepiano.
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Monitoring va baxolash
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Amaliy ijro, kvartet bilan kuylash.
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“Xor va xorshunoslik” fani texnologiyasi.
YaKKADIR TOSHKENT
TEXNOLOGIK XARITA
Vaqt
2 soat
|
Faoliyat mazmuni
|
O’qituvchi
|
Talaba
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1-chi bosqich
20 minut.
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1.Xor va xorshunoslik san’ati texnologiyasi orqali namunalar ko’rsatib, ovozlarni sozlash.
2. Ijro texnologiyasi haqida keng tushuncha berish.
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1. Ovozlarni mashqlar yordamida sozlashadi.
2. Asarning ijro texnologiyasi haqida keng tushunchaga ega bo’ladilar .
|
2-chi bosqich
50 minut
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1 Bastakor ijodiyoti bilan tanishtirish.
2.Xor partiturasini tahlil qilish.
3. Ovozda va fortepianoda har bir ovozni ijro etish va – S,A,T,B partiyalarini o’rgatish.
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1. Bastakor ijodiyoti xaqida tushunchaga ega bo’ladilar.
2.Asarni kompleks tahlil qilish ko’nikmalariga ega bo’ladilar.
3.Musiqiy matnni partiya orqali o’rganadilar.
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3-chi bosqich
10 minut
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1.Mavzu bo’yicha yakuniy xulosa chiqarish maqsadida asar ijro etiladi.
2. Asar ijrosi tahlil qilinadi va baholanadi.
3. Mustaqil mashg’ulot uchun vazifa beriladi.
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1. O’rganilgan asarni ijro etiladi.
2. Ijro baholanadi.
3. Matn ustida mustaqil ish bajariladi.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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Mavzu8\1: TALABALAR KUSHIGI - Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy...

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Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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bet | 62/89 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 284,02 Kb. | | #140009 |
Bog'liq Majmua toshkеnt-2018-fayllar.orgMavzu8\1: TALABALAR KUSHIGI
Talabalar soni
|
Gurux
|
Vaqti
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2 soat
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Dars shakli
|
Amaliy
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Mashg’ulot rejasi
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1.Ovozni sozlash ( garmonik va xromatik).
2. Asar haqida tushuncha berish.
3. Bastakor ijodiyoti bilan tanishtirish. Asari ovozlarini alohida o’rganish.
4. Ansambl va intonatsiya ustida ishlash.
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Mashg’ulot maqsadi
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1.Ovozlar bo’yicha kuylash va partiyalarning ham ovozligiga erishish.
2.Ansamblda partiyalarni to’g’ri intonatsiya bilan kuylashga erishish.
3. Matn so’zlarini to’g’ri talaffuziga ahamiyat berish.
4.Qo’shiq va jo’rning hamohangligiga erishish.
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O’qituvchi vazifasi:
1.Asar ovozlarini o’rgatish.
2. Ansambl sofligi ustida ishlash.
3. Xor partiyalarini fortepianoda ijro etish.
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O’quv faoliyatidan ko’tilayotgan natijasi:
1.Ovozlarni mukammal o’rganish.
2.So’zlarni to’g’ri talaffuz qilish.
3.Ansambl ijrosining sofligiga erishish.
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O’qitishning usul va texnikasi
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Amaliy , namunaviy ijro , suhbat, tarmoqlanish .
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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O’qitish vositalari - Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi...

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Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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bet | 57/89 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 284,02 Kb. | | #140009 |
Bog'liq Majmua toshkеnt-2018-fayllar.orgO’qitish vositalari
|
DVD musiqa disklari, MR3, musiqa cholg’u asbobi, fortepiano.
|
O’qitish shakli
|
Amaliy ijro, asarni kontsermeyster ijrosida tinglash.
|
| |
O’qitish shart-sharoitlari
| |
Audiomagnitofon, cholg’u asbobi, fortepiano.
| |
Monitoring va baxolash
|
Amaliy ijro, kvartet bilan kuylash.
|
“Xor va xorshunoslik” fani texnologiyasi.
YaKKADIR TOSHKENT
TEXNOLOGIK XARITA
Vaqt
2 soat
|
Faoliyat mazmuni
|
O’qituvchi
|
Talaba
|
1-chi bosqich
20 minut.
|
1. Xor va xorshunoslik san’ati texnologiyasi orqali namunalar ko’rsatib, ovozlarni sozlash.
2.Sinkopalarning badiiy ahamiyatini tushuntirish.
|
1.Ovozlarni mashqlar yordamida sozlash.
2. Sinkopalarning badiiy ahamiyatini tushunish.Asarning polifonik hususiyatlariga ahamiyat berish..
|
2-chi bosqich
50 minut
|
1.O’rganilgan partiyalarni qaytarish,asarni ohirigacha o’rganib, ovozlarni mustahkamlash.
2.S,Apartiyalarini,T,B partiyalarini qo’shib,so’ng butun xor bilan kuylash.
|
1.Hamma partiyalar o’z partituralarini mukammal o’zlashtiradilar.
2.Ayollar ovozlari ,so’ng erkaklar ovozlari ansambli takomillashtiriladi.S,A,T,B partiyalari birlashtirilib,ansamblь va soz ustida ishlanadi.
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3-chi bosqich
10 minut
|
1.Mavzu bo’yicha yakuniy xulosa chiqarish maqsadida asar ijro etiladi.
2. Asar ijrosi tahlil qilinadi va baholanadi.
3. Mustaqil mashg’ulot uchun vazifa beriladi.
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1. O’rganilgan asarni ijro etiladi.
2. Ijro baholanadi.
3. Matn ustida mustaqil ish bajariladi.
|
|
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
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The opportunity cost of not supporting XML is huge

- 32 -
proprietary formats, it doesn’t matter what services you provide, you are going to face
tremendous communication problems in transferring information both internally and
externally.
Specifically, What Benefits Do I/My Clients Stand to Gain?
Entire volumes could be written about this topic alone. Though woefully incomplete, here
are a few points to ponder:
The ability to deliver your data over the Web.
We mentioned this before, but it
seemed an important benefit to reiterate again. XML information is transferred using the
same protocol as HTML, that is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Therefore, every
benefit accrued from transferring HTML over the Web is directly, if not more, applicable to
XML—and all without having to change your existing network.
The benefit of open standards.
Because XML is an open standard, supporting it is very
cost-effective. Tools and support of XML products are virtually free. The open standards-
based HTML coupled with Web browsers enables thousands of businesses to
communicate (at least in a unidirectional manner) with millions of clients with very little
overhead. Similarly, an open standards-based XML enables the same low overheads to
be incorporated by everyone again, only with bigger and better possibilities this time
around.
The tools for developing XML applications will be available as easily and cheaply as
they are for developing HTML pages today. Oodles and oodles of developers will be
working with it and openly exchanging their experiences so the learning curve drops
tremendously. In short, with open standards, you’ve opened up an endless array of
support and compatibility that even the most expensive paid standards won’t ever
provide.
The ability to develop real Web applications

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The ability to develop real Web applicationsBog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersThe ability to develop real Web applications.
Today, very few real “Web applications”
exist. By that we mean full-blown, three-tier applications. It’s not as if people aren’t trying
or lack the skills to get around obstacles. The fact is that the set of building blocks
needed to create them was missing. With XML, the set of blocks is complete. XML
provides a universal data exchange format complete with a common object model for
interacting with it. Couple this with HTML for displaying information and scripting for
providing decision/business logic (both of which exist and are ubiquitous already), we’ve
now got the complete set of tools to go about creating full-blown Web applications.
The ability to collect and integrate data from multiple sources.
Today, collecting
information from disparate sources is very hard. Most places resort to rekeying data from
one system to another just to get around the limitations of current data structures.
Because XML is so flexible, richly structured data can be easily and faithfully
represented, exchanged, and interpreted across virtually all electronic data systems at
middle-tier servers from back-end servers and other applications or devices. The reverse
flow can also occur; that is, clients can disseminate information in XML that can then be
converted to the primary storage database after conversion through the middle tier.
Getting piecewise data updates.
Today, when you want to update the information in
your browser—for example, to look at new stock quotes or get a new article—you end up
getting the entire HTML page rebuilt from the server and completely redelivered to you.
This seems like a process that kills servers, and it does. With XML, you have the ability to
get
only
the
updated
information sent to you instead of the entire data set (for example,
the entire page with extra formatting information). Think of it as going grocery shopping:
Instead of having to buy everything all at once, you only buy the things you need and go
through the 10-items-or-less lane.
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Figure 2.10 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 35 -
Figure 2.11:
Current database-to-Web solutions.
This solution is extremely involved, and there are many ways of doing it. Unfortunately,
very few of those ways are reproducible, and all tax the server intensively. The key is in
the gateway. The gateway has to be able to do the following:
1.
Convert the request from the client (usually posted in HTML or plain text) into a SQL
query.
2.
Send the query to the database and wait for the results.
3.
Receive the results and transform them into an HTML page.
4.
Send the HTML page to the client.
The client’s browser gets a result from the server that is human viewable but cannot be
used to generate further information without taxing the server further. To put it plainly,
you receive dumbed-down data that you can see and that’s it (the bad part of the
WYSIWYG concept is that what you see is
all
you get). You can’t take the information
and do anything else with it, such as sorting, regrouping, calculating, rendering. Also, the
power of your host machine (that is, your PC) is pretty much being wasted. Even though
you have a Pentium III with an infinite amount of RAM, it doesn’t help you a lick if the
server is bogged down by traffic. Table 2.1 lists the limitations of getting HTML pages
served up to you from a database.
Programmalashtiriladigan universal kontrollerni logik tuzilishi

Yuqori darajali integrallashtirilgan integral sxemalarning iqtisodiy-texnik kattaliklari
(parametrlari), EHM ni ma’lumotlarni kiritish-chiqarish apparaturasidagi (KCHA)
elektron
sxemalar orqali boshqarib turadi. Bu yerda quyidagilar ta’minlanadi:
1). Funksional egiluvchanlik, ya’ni bu rivojlangan buyruqlar sistemasidan foydalanib va
berilayotgan xabarlarga reaktsiya qilish imkoniyati bo’lgan holda murakkab xabarlar ketma-
ketligini tuzish hisobiga funksional egiluvchanlik ta’minlanadi.
2). Ierarxik boshqarish sistemalarida taqsimlangan boshqarish usullaridan foydalanish. Bu
usuldan shunday paytda qo’llaniladiki, qachonki ma’lumotlarni o’zgartirishning optimal jarayoni
yuqori boshqarish pog’onada olib borilsa. Maxalliy boshqarish esa kiritish-chiqarish
apparaturalarining holatlarini yuqoriroq darajada boshqarish vositalarini boshqarish xabarlarini
bevosita qabul qiladigan va interpretatsiyalaydigan ichki qurilma-kontroller
bilan amalga
oshiriladi.
3).
Kiritish-chiqarish
apparaturasini
(KCHA)
boshqaruvchi
qurilmaning
oson
modifikatsiyalanishi va ixtisoslanishi, kiritish-chiqarish apparaturasining boshqarish algoritmi bir
xil beriladi va programma ko’rinishida DXQ ga yozib qo’yilishi mumkin.
Shunday qilib, ishlash jarayonida programmalashtilaradigan kontroller yuqoriroq
boshqarish vositalarid
an boshlang’ich qiymatlarini va vazifalarini oladi
hamda yuqori darajadagi
vositalarga bog’liqsiz va alohida ular bilan bir paytda bir xil programmani ko’p marta bajarishi
mumkin.
Programmalashtiriladigan universal kontrollerlarning mantiqiy tuzilishi 2.2-rasmda
keltirilgan
. Kontroller magistral ko’rinishdagi strukturali tuzilishga ega. Kiritish-chiqarish
apparaturasini boshqarish bitta kristalla bajarilgan MP, mikrokontroller
yoki mikroEHM
ta’minlaydi. Agarda MP ning apparatli imkoniyati yetarli bo’lmasa, u holda magistrallarga
xotirani kengaytiradigan UXK va DXQ lar ulanadi ularning xotira maydonlari qo’shimcha
kontroller bilan boshqariladi.
Programmalashtiradigan interfeysning uzellari (PIU), bog’lanish uzellari (BU) bilan
boshqarish pul
’ti (BP) va kiritish-chiqarish apparaturasi (KCHA) modul strukturasiga ega.
Kontroller avvaldan
berilgan va ishlatilgan, xotirasiga kiritilgan qattiq programma asosida
ishlaydi. Kontroller ishlaganda uning odam
bilan muloqatda bo’lishiga ehtiyoj yo’q.
Programmalashtiradigan interfeysning uzeli (PIU), kiritish-chiqarish
apparaturasining
(KCHA) tuzilishini, ishlashini (spesifikasini) hisobga olishni va ma’lumotlarni ichki
interfeysining ma’lumotli magistralidan har xil KCHA ni interfeisiga o’tishiga imkon beradi.
KCHA
sida boshqarish ishlarini
ixtisoslashtirish, MP ning buyruqlarini ma’lum ketma-
ketlikda bajarilishi, magistral shinalari orqali, xabarlar berish bilan ta’minlanadi. Berilayotgan
xabarlarni sonlari programmalashtiriladigan interfeyslarning uzellarinin
g soniga bog’liq.
Table 2.1 Limitations of HTML Pages Served from a Database

- 36 -
4.
For every request, the server has to spend a lot of resources formatting
information.
5.
Every page sent to the client invariably contains more formatting information
than raw content. This results in large files and slow data transfers.
All said and done, though, this solution, however clunky, works. Nevertheless it remains
clunky, and, as your clientele increases, your Web server is going to get more and more
bogged down over time. Your Web master will come to you very quickly with customer
complaints about poor performance, and your competitors will start receiving some of
your clients very quickly. Perish that thought. You’ve got to come up with a better
solution! Let’s see how XML can help out.
The XML-Based Three-Tier Solution
In our discussion above, the real bottlenecks are at the server’s end. One of the primary
reasons for this is that the size of each page sent to the client is inflated by formatting
information. By using a system that employs XML coupled with XSL stylesheets, users
perform a one-time download of the stylesheet. On every ping to the Web server
thereafter, users receive only raw content information (articles, stock updates, sports
scores), and the formatting is applied by the stylesheet(s) that is cached at their end.
Figure 2.12 shows XML in a classic three-tier solution model. You still need your Web
server and several other classic modules. What XML does is add in an abstract layer that
connects the Web server with the client in a richer way than is currently possible. Using
the middle tier, you are able to integrate information from many disparate information
sources.
Figure 2.12:
XML as applied in the classic three-tier application model.
The following example is used to illustrate how XML can, will, and is being used and all
uses are based on a similar model.
Specific Uses of XML: Creating Comparative Shopping

- 37 -
Problem/Scenario
It seems that you can never win when it comes to buying something. No matter how
much you pay for an item, someone always tells you that they got the same thing for a
better deal. The media is filled with stories of how you can use the Internet to find better
deals for everything from books and cars to real estate and groceries. However, you will
quickly realize that finding a better deal can take a long time, and time is a cost in and of
itself. Thus the market was created for people to create Web sites that let you compare
the prices of many separate vendors. The more vendors they support, the more choices
you have to choose from.
The problem, however, is that collecting information from so many disparate sources is
hard. Assuming that a particular vendor has an online site, one way of interfacing with the
vendor’s information is to ping its Web site, receive its HTML-generated page, carefully
parse it, and extract the information you want (item name, price, and so on). You would
then repeat this process for as many vendors as you want to include. This process is
fairly tedious, and you have to become familiar with the vendor’s system before you can
parse the HTML data that is being output.
Assuming that you’ve somehow collected all this information, you then need to
consolidate it and display it to your customer who wants to see the comparative prices
before making a purchase. Again, assuming you’ve stored your results in a format that
you can use (encoded with your own logic and set of tricks like separating data values
with white spaces or special characters), you then need to generate an HTML page at
your server and serve that back to your client. This entire process, though doable, is both
irritating and messy. Figure 2.13 illustrates the non-XML approach.
Figure 2.15 - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 42 -
•
PeopleSoft Inc.
•
Procter & Gamble
•
SAP AG
•
Sharp Electronics Corp.
•
WebMethods
Though these are some pretty impressive names, Microsoft’s goal is to get more than
one million businesses online.
Will it work? Cautiously, we say yes, but we should qualify this by stating that we don’t
think it will meet the levels of success that Microsoft feels it will—at least not in the short
run (two to four years). However, we think it’s a great idea and are pretty sure that there
will be a similar, clashing framework proposed by some other company or consortium in
the near future.
Regardless, any new initiative will also base itself heavily on the support of XML. Bottom
line, XML is going to be central to all e-commerce initiatives of the future.
Document Properties - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 127 -
Type
: DOMImplementation node
Description
: This property represents the DOMImplementation node in the document.
The DOMImplementation node provides a mechanism for version checking and is
described in greater detail in the DOMImplementation section in this chapter.
Document Methods
createElement(tagName)
Parameters
: tagName is a string value.
Return value
: Element
Exceptions thrown
: None
Description
: Creates and returns an Element node with the nodeName property set to
tagName.
createDocumentFragment()
Parameters
: None
Return value
: DocumentFragment
Exceptions thrown
: None
Description
: Creates and returns a new DocumentFragment node.
appendChild(newChild) - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

- 125 -
The appendChild method automatically removed childElement2 from the child list of
elem2, before inserting it into the child list of elem1. Figures 5.7 and 5.8 shows the before
and after DOM representation of this XML document.
Figure 5.7:
DOM representation of original
XML document in appendChild
example.
Figure 5.8:
DOM representation of XML document after childElement2 is moved.
hasChildNodes()
Parameters
: None
Return value
: Boolean
Exceptions thrown
: None
Description
: This method returns
true
if this node has children and
false
otherwise.
cloneNode(deep)
Parameters
:
deep
is a Boolean value.
Return value
: Node
Exceptions thrown:
None
Description
: cloneNode is used to produce a copy of the node that it is called on. For
those familiar with object-oriented
programming terminology, this function fulfills the role
- 126 -
of a copy-constructor. If deep is false,
then the node is copied, but its children are
ignored. If deep is true, then a complete replica of the subtree starting
at the current node
is returned.
Comments
: Calling cloneNode(true) can result in a very processing-intensive operation,
especially if called on the Document node of a large document.
Document
Parent
: Node
The Document node is not an element; rather it represents the document as a whole. In
data islands,
the id attribute on the tag is a reference to the Document node.
The Document node is the root node that contains the facilities to manage the various
nodes beneath it. More specifically, the Document node is used to create nodes that can
later be inserted into the tree. Also included is a basic searching mechanism. In addition
to these facilities, the Document node contains pointers to other important nodes in the
tree, such as the root Element node and the DocumentType node.
insertBefore(newChild, refChild)

- 124 -
Comments
: Consult Figures 4.13 through 4.19 to see which nodes are allowed to be
inserted.
removeChild(oldChild)
Parameters
: oldChild is a Node.
Return value
: None
Exceptions thrown
: DOMException
Description
: oldChild is removed from the list of children. If oldChild does not exist, then
an error is raised.
Comments
: In Internet Explorer 5, oldChild is returned.
Figure 5.6:
DOM tree of parentNode example.
firstChild

- 123 -
Description
: This property represents a node that has a common parent and is the child
of this parent that follows the current node. If this child does not exist, then this property
is set to null.
ownerDocument
Type
: Document node
Description
: This property represents the Document node of the DOM tree in which the
current node resides.
Comments
: The Document node is the highest level parent for any node, and it always
exists. The ownerDocument property is useful because it is a shortcut to the node that
has special capabilities to create other nodes. A detailed description of the Document
node is included in this chapter.
Node Methods
Most of the methods described in this section are used to manage and manipulate
children of nodes. Not all nodes—for example, text nodes—are allowed to have child
nodes. Since all the different node types are nodes, they inherit the following methods,
even if the use of those methods doesn’t make sense. Using a method that would affect
the children of a node that can’t have children results in an error. Please consult Figures
4.13 through 4.19 for details concerning which nodes can have children and what kind of
children are allowable.
Business Concerns - Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley doc

|
Microsoft Word Applied xml a toolkit for Programmers Wiley docBog'liq Ceponkus, Hoodbhoy - Applied XML - Toolkit for ProgrammersBusiness Concerns
If you’re a CIO or in an organizational post where you have to be cost conscious, you
probably have some of the following concerns.
Who Owns XML? If I Use It, to Whom Do I Pay Royalties?
No single company or individual owns the XML standard. The World Wide Web
Consortium develops the XML standard. This is the same organization that creates the
HTML standard. Both standards are open standards, and you do not have to pay anyone
to use the standard for your applications. These standards are created with the hope of
engendering multilateral exchanges of information between computing applications.
Thus, you don’t really have to pay royalties to anyone for using the XML standard.
Why Should My Company Invest in Developing/Applying XML
Solutions?
Good question. No business has more hyped technologies than the information
technology business. However, we maintain that XML is the real deal. Every day, both
established and new companies are announcing programs/applications that are based on
XML.
Your firm should be prepared to invest in XML and its related technologies for several
reasons:
The costs involved are minimal.
The XML standard is open; therefore, you won’t need
to invest in expensive licensing agreements to use XML. The tools to support open
standards are usually free or shareware, so your development costs are minimized.
The major vendor browsers have all pledged wide-scale support of XML.
This being
true, you can immediately market your products/services to the Internet browsing
community (that is, to almost anyone who has a computer).
XML is uniquely suited to support localization into virtually every
language.
Because it is completely Unicode compliant, you are not limited to only
supporting Web users who understand English.
|
| |
SELECT * 

FROM Subject  
ORDER BY semester, subj_name

|
SELECT *
FROM Subject
ORDER BY semester, subj_name
|
bet | 42/80 | Sana | 05.01.2024 | Hajmi | 281,59 Kb. | | #130407 |
Bog'liq 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari-fayllar.org
Misol:
SELECT *
FROM Subject
ORDER BY semester, subj_name;
ORDER BY semester SQL tili 1 ta so’rov ichiga 2-so’rovni joylashtirib ishlatish imkonini beradi.
Misol: birorta talabani familiyasi bo’yicha uning ID sini topish talab etilsa, va bu talabani barcha baholari haqidagi ma‘lumotni ko’rmoqchi bo’lsak, quyidagi so’rovni yozish mumkin.
SELECT*
FROM Exam_marks WHERE student_ID =( SELECT student_ID FROM student
WHERE surname= ‘Petrov’
)
Tasvirlar
Tasvir. Tasvir bir yoki bir nеchta doimiy jadvallar asosida yaratilgan virtual jadvaldir.
Tasvirlar quyidagi komanda orqali yaratiladi:
CREATE VIEW AS
Misol:
CREATE VIEW info_order
AS SELECT onum, amt, cname FROM orders, customers
WHERE orders.cnum = customers.cnum;
Tasvirlarga murojaat. Tasvirga SQL komandalarini masalan SELECT komandasini qo‘llash mumkin.
Masalan:
SELECT * FROM info_order;
Tasvirga so‘rov asosida yangi tasvir yaratilishi mumkin. Lеkin bu imkoniyatdan amaliyotda kam foydalaniladi.
Joylashtirilgan so‘rovli tasvir. Misol. Eng katta rеytingga ega oluvchilarni ko‘rsatuvchi Cust_Rating_Max nomli tasvir yarating:
CREATE VIEW Cust_Rating_Max AS SELECT cname, city, rating FROM Customers
WHERE rating = (SELECT Max(rating) FROM Customers);
Guruhlanuvchi tasvir. Misol. Har bir sotuvchi uchun buyurtmalar o‘rta narxini ko‘rsatuvchi Sale_Amt_Avg nomli tasvir yarating:
CREATE VIEW Sale_Amt_Avg AS SELECT sname, AVG(amt) FROM Salespeople, Orders
WHERE Salespeople.snum = Orders.snum GROUP BY sname;
Tartiblanuvchi tasvir. Hamma MBBT lar ham tartiblashli tasvirlarni qo‘llamaydi.
Buyurtmalar haqida ma‘lumotni buyurtma summasi bo‘yicha tartiblab chiqaruvchi tasvir yarating.
|
| |
SNum – harbir sotuvchi unikal nomeri

|
SNum – harbir sotuvchi unikal nomeri
|
bet | 47/80 | Sana | 05.01.2024 | Hajmi | 281,59 Kb. | | #130407 |
Bog'liq 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari-fayllar.org
SNum – harbir sotuvchi unikal nomeri,
SName – sotuvchi nomi,
City – sotuvchi adresi ( shahar ),
Comm – sotuvchilarning o‘nli shakldagi komission foydasi.
Jadval Buyurtmachilar (Customers):
Cnum
|
Cname
|
City
|
Rating
|
SNum
|
21
|
Hoffman
|
London
|
100
|
11
|
22
|
Giovanni
|
Rome
|
200
|
13
|
23
|
Liu
|
SanJose
|
200
|
12
|
CNum – har bir buyurtmachi unikal nomeri,
CName – buyurtmachi nomi,
City – buyurtmachi adresi ( shahar ),
Rating – buyurtmachining boshqalardan ustunlik darajasini ko‘rsatuvchi kod ( reyting ),
SNum – shu buyurtmachiga tayinlangan sotuvchi nomeri.
Jadval Buyurtma (Orders):
Onum
|
AMT
|
Odate
|
CNum
|
Snum
|
38
|
4723.00
|
1990/10/05
|
26
|
11
|
310
|
1309.95
|
1990/10/06
|
24
|
12
|
Misol uchun sotuvchilar jadvalini yaratishni ko‘rib chiqamiz:
CREATE TABLE Salepeople (
SNum integer, SName char (10),
);
Masalan: Student1 jadvalini quyidagi komanda bilan yaratish mumkin:
CREATE TABLE Student1 (Student_ID INTEGER, SURNAME VARCHAR(60), NAME VARCHAR(60), STIPEND DOUBLE,
KURS INTEGER, CITY VARCHAR(60), BIRTHDAY DATE, UNIV_ID INTEGER
);
Jadvallarni o‘chirish. Jadvalni o‘chirish imkoniga ega bo‘lish uchun, jadval egasi (ya‘ni yaratuvchisi) bo‘lishingiz kerak. Faqat bo‘sh jadvalni o‘chirish mumkin. Qatorlarga ega bo‘lgan, to‘ldirilgan jadvalni o‘chirish mumkin emas, ya‘ni jadval o‘chirishdan oldin tozalangan bo‘lishi kerak. Jadvalni o‘chirish komandasi quyidagi ko‘rinishga ega:
DROP TABLE < table name >;
Masalan: DROP TABLE Salepeople;
Jadvalni yaratilgandan so‘ng o‘zgartirish. Jadvalni o‘zgartirish uchun ALTER TABLE komandasidan foydalaniladi. Bu komanda jadvalga YAngi ustunlar qo‘shish, ustunlarni o‘chirish, ustunlar kattaligini o‘zgartirish,hamda cheklanishlarni qo‘shish va olib tashlash imkoniyatlariga ega. Bu komanda ANSI standarti qismi emas, shuning uchun har xil tizimlarda har xil imkoniyatlarga ega. Jadvalga ustun qo‘shish uchun komandaning tipik sintaksisi:
ALTER TABLE ADD
type> ;
Masalan:
ALTER TABLE Salepeople ADD Phone CHAR(7);
Jadvaldagi ma‘lumotlarni maydonlar bo‘yicha qidirish- tanlash amali yetarli darajada tezlatish uchun ma‘lumotlarni berilgan maydon bo‘yicha indeksatsiya qilish ishlatiladi. Indekslarni bitta yoki bir nechta maydon bo‘yicha bajarish mumkin.
Indeks komandasini ko‘rinishi:
CREATE INDEX < indeks nomi>
ON nomi>( nomi>[, nomi>]);
Bu komanda bajarilishi uchun jadval yaratilgan bo‘lishi kerak va indeksda ko‘rsatilgan ustunlar unda bo‘lishi kerak. Masalan, Agar EHAM_MARKS jadvalidan talabani Student_ID maydoni qiymati bo‘yicha baxosini qidirish tez-tez talab etilsa, unda shu maydon bo‘yicha indeks bajariladi.
CREATE INDEX Student_ID_1 ON EHAM_MARKS (Student_ID) ;
Indeksni olib tashlash uchun ( bunda uni nomini albatta bilish kerak) quyidagi komanda ishlatiladi.
DROP INDEX < INDES NOMI>;
|
| |
CREATE VIEW Orders_All - 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari

|
1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari
|
bet | 43/80 | Sana | 05.01.2024 | Hajmi | 281,59 Kb. | | #130407 |
Bog'liq 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari-fayllar.orgCREATE VIEW Orders_All
AS SELECT amt, odate, Customers.cname, Salespeople.sname
FROM Orders, Customers, Salespeople WHERE Orders.cnum = Customers.cnum AND
Orders.snum = Salespeople.snum ORDER BY amt;
Paramеtr WITH CHECK OPTION. CREATE VIEW
paramеtri WITH CHECK OPTION vazifasi hamma UPDATE va INSERT komandalari tasvir ta‘rifiga mos kеlishini garantiya qilish. Agar shartga javob bеrmasa UPDATE yoki INSERT xato qaytaradi.
Misol:
CREATE VIEW Customers_View AS SELECT name, age
FROM Customers WHERE age IS NOT NULL WITH CHECK OPTION;
Tasvirlarni o‘zgartirish. Tasvirlarni o‘zgartirish komandalari asosiy jadvallarni o‘zgartiradi.
Misol. Mijoz uchun yoshini o‘zgartirish.
UPDATE Customers_View SET AGE = 35
WHERE name = 'Ramesh';
Bu CUSTOMERS jadvalini ham o‘zgartiradi.
Tasvirdan satrlarni o‘chirish
Misol. AGE = 22 yozuvni o‘chirish. DELETE FROM Customers_View WHERE age = 22;
Natijada satr CUSTOMERS jadvalidan ham o‘chiriladi.
Modifikatsiya qilinuvchi tasvirlar. Modifikatsiya qilinuvchi tasvir dеb shunday tasvirga aytiladiki, agar tasvirdagi ma‘lumotlar o‘zgartirilsa, asosiy jadvallar ham o‘zgaradi. Ya‘ni tasvirga UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE opеratorlar qo‘llansa jadvallar ham o‘zgaradi.
Hamma tasvirlar ham modifikatsiya qilinuvchi bo‘la olmaydi. Modifikatsiya qilinmaydigan tasvirlar faqat o‘qish uchun tasvirlar dеyiladi.
Tasvir modifikatsiya qilinuvchi bo‘lishi uchun quyidagi shartlar bajarilishi lozim:
SELECT shartida DISTINCT ishlatilmasligi lozim.
SELECT shartida agrеgat funksiyalar bo‘lmasligi lozim.
SELECT shartida bеrilgan funksiyalar bo‘lmasligi lozim.
|
| |
Masalan: 
DROP INDEX < Student_ID_1 >

|
Masalan:
DROP INDEX < Student_ID_1 >
|
bet | 48/80 | Sana | 05.01.2024 | Hajmi | 281,59 Kb. | | #130407 |
Bog'liq 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari-fayllar.orgMasalan:
DROP INDEX < Student_ID_1 >;
Mavjud jadval strukturasini va parametrlarin uchun ALTER TABLE komandasi ishlatiladi. Masalan jadvalga ustunlar qo‘shish ALTER TABLE komandasi quyidagicha bo‘ladi.
ALTER TABLE < jadval nomi > ADD(
tipi> );
Bu komanda bo‘yicha mavjud jadval satrlariga yangi ustun qo‘shiladi va o’nga qiymati yoziladi. Jadvalga bir nechta ustun ham qo‘shsa bo‘ladi. Ular bir-biridan vergul bilan ajratiladi.
ALTER TABLE < jadval nomi > MODIFY (
tipi> >);
Ustun harakteristikalarini modifikatsiyalashda quyidagi cheklanishlarni hisobga olish kerak :
Ma‘lumot toifasini o‘zgartirishni, faqat ustun bo‘sh bo‘lsa bajarish mumkin.
To‘ldirilmagan ustun uchun o‘lcham/ aniqlik uzunlikga kirtirish mumkin.
To‘ldirilgan ustun uchun o‘lcham/ aniqlik faqat kattalashtirish mumkin.
NOTNULL urnatilishi uchun ustunda birorta ham qiymat bo’lmasligi kerak.
Sukut bilan o‘rnatilgan qiymatni har doim uzunlikgartirish mumkin. Jadvallarni olib tashlash quyidagi komanda bilan bajariladi:
DROP TABLE < jadval nomi >;
Mumkin bo‘lgan ma‘lumot qiymatlar cheklanishlar bo‘lishi mumkin. Unda CREATE TABLE komandasi quyidagicha bo‘ladi.
CREATE TABLE < jadval nomi > (
nomi > ma‘lumot toifasi > ,
,
< jadvalga cheklanishlar> ( nomi>[,< ustun nomi >])
);
Masalan , qiymatni Student jadvalini aniqlashda jadvalidagi Student_ID , SURNAME ,NAME , maydonlarida ishlatishni taqiqlash uchun komanda quyidagicha bo‘ladi:
( Student_ID INTEGER NOT , SURNAME CHAR (25) NOT NULL, NAME CHAR(10 ) NOT ,
|
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O’qitish shart-sharoitlari - Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy...

|
Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
|
bet | 61/89 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 284,02 Kb. | | #140009 |
Bog'liq Majmua toshkеnt-2018-fayllar.orgO’qitish shart-sharoitlari
| |
Audiomagnitofon, cholg’u asbobi, fortepiano.
| |
Monitoring va baxolash
|
Amaliy ijro, kvartet bilan kuylash.
|
“Xor va xorshunoslik” fani texnologiyasi.
YaKKADIR TOSHKENT
TEXNOLOGIK XARITA
Vaqt
2 soat
|
Faoliyat mazmuni
|
O’qituvchi
|
Talaba
|
1-chi bosqich
20 minut.
|
1. Xor va xorshunoslik san’ati texnologiyasi orqali namunalar ko’rsatib, ovozlarni sozlash.
2.Sinkopalarning badiiy ahamiyatini tushuntirish.
|
1.Ovozlarni mashqlar yordamida sozlash.
2. Sinkopalarning badiiy ahamiyatini tushunish.Asarning polifonik hususiyatlariga ahamiyat berish..
|
2-chi bosqich
50 minut
|
1.O’rganilgan partiyalarni qaytarish,asarni ohirigacha o’rganib, ovozlarni mustahkamlash.
2.S,Apartiyalarini,T,B partiyalarini qo’shib,so’ng butun xor bilan kuylash.
|
1.Hamma partiyalar o’z partituralarini mukammal o’zlashtiradilar.
2.Ayollar ovozlari ,so’ng erkaklar ovozlari ansambli takomillashtiriladi.S,A,T,B partiyalari birlashtirilib,ansamblь va soz ustida ishlanadi.
|
3-chi bosqich
10 minut
|
1.Mavzu bo’yicha yakuniy xulosa chiqarish maqsadida asar ijro etiladi.
2. Asar ijrosi tahlil qilinadi va baholanadi.
3. Mustaqil mashg’ulot uchun vazifa beriladi.
|
1. O’rganilgan asarni ijro etiladi.
2. Ijro baholanadi.
3. Matn ustida mustaqil ish bajariladi.
|
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Toshkеnt-2018 O’zbеkiston rеspublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi toshkеnt davlat pеdagogika univеrsitеti
|
STIPEND INTEGER, KURS INTEGER, CITY CHAR(15), BITHDAY DATE, UNIV_ID INTEGER)

|
STIPEND INTEGER, KURS INTEGER, CITY CHAR(15), BITHDAY DATE, UNIV_ID INTEGER)
|
bet | 49/80 | Sana | 05.01.2024 | Hajmi | 281,59 Kb. | | #130407 |
Bog'liq 1-bob. Ma`lumotlar bazasining asosiy tushunchalari-fayllar.orgSTIPEND INTEGER, KURS INTEGER, CITY CHAR(15), BITHDAY DATE, UNIV_ID INTEGER);
Ba‘zi hollarda birir maydonga kiritilayotgan barcha qiymatlar bir- biridan farq qilishi kerak. Bunda shu maydon uchun UNIQUE (yagona) so‘z ishlatiladi.
Masalan: Student jadvalida Student_ID qiymatlari farqli bo‘lishi uchun komanda quyidagicha bo‘ladi.
( Student_ID INTEGER NOT UNIQUE, SURNAME CHAR (25) NOT NULL, NAME CHAR(10 ) NOT ,
STIPEND INTEGER, KURS INTEGER, CITY CHAR(15), BITHDAY DATE);
Jadvalda kalit maydonlarni ishlatish komandasi quyidagicha bo‘ladi
CREATE TABLE Student
( Student_ID INTEGER PRIMER KEY , SURNAME CHAR (25) NOT NULL, NAME CHAR(10 ) NOT ,
STIPEND INTEGER, KURS INTEGER, CITY CHAR(15), BITHDAY DATE, UNIV_ID INTEGER);
SQL tilida jadvalga ma‘lumotlar kiritish uchun, ular o‘zgartirish va olib tashlash uchun ma‘lumotlar bilan manipulyasiya qilish (DML) tilining uchta komandasi mo‘ljallangan. Bular
INSERT (qo‘shish),
UPDATE (tiklash yangilash),
DELETE(olib tashlash, yo‘qotish) komandalaridir.
INSERT komandasi (buyruqi) jadvalga yangi satr qo‘shishni amalga oshiradi. Sodda holda uning ko‘rininshi quyidagicha:
INSERT INTO VALUES (,,);
Bunday yozuvda VALUES kalit so‘zidan keyin qavs ichida ko‘rsatilgan qiymatlar jadvaldagi yangi qo‘shilgan satrning maydonlariga kiritiladi. Kiritish jadvalini CREATE TABLE operatori bilan yaratilish paytidagi ustunlarni ko‘rsatish tartibida amalga oshiriladi. Masalan, Student jadvalida yangi satrni qo‘shish quyidagicha amalga oshirish mumkin:
INSERT INTO Student
VALUES (101, ‘Ivanov’, ‘Aleksandr’, 200,3, ‘Moskva‘, ‘6/10/1979’ , 15);
|
| |
Predmet sohasi - Mundarija kirish mavzu

8
tushiniladi. Masalan, korxona, zavod, ilmiy tekshirish instituti, oliy
o„quv yurti va boshqalar.
Shuni
qayd qilish lozimki, MBni yaratishda ikkita muhim shartni
hisobga olmoq zarur:
Birinchidan, ma‟lumotlar turi, ko„rinishi, ularni qo„llaydigan
dasturlarga bog„liq bo„lmasligi lozim, Ya‟ni MBga yangi ma‟lumotlarni
kiritganda yoki ma‟lumotlar turini o„zgartirganda,
dasturlarni
o„zgartirish talab etilmasligi lozim.
Ikkinchidan, MBdagi kerakli ma‟lumotni bilish yoki izlash uchun
biror dastur tuzishga hojat qolmasin.
Shuning uchun ham MBni tashkil etishda ma‟lum
qonun va
qoidalarga amal qilish lozim. Bundan buyon axborot so„zini ma‟lumot
so„zidan farqlaymiz, Ya‟ni axborot so„zini
umumiy tushuncha sifatida
qabul qilib, ma‟lumot deganda aniq bir belgilangan narsa yoki hodisa
sifatlarini nazarda tutamiz.
Ma‟lumotlar
bazasini yaratishda, foydalanuvchi axborotlarni turli
belgilar bo„yicha tartiblashga va ixtiyoriy
belgilar birikmasi bilan
tanlanmani
tez
olishga
intiladi.
Buni
faqat
ma‟lumotlar
tuzilmalashtirilgan holda bajarish mumkin.
Tizilmalashtirish – bu ma‟lumotlarni tasvirlash usullari haqidagi
kelishuvni kiritishdir. Agar ma‟lumotlarni
tasvirlash usuli haqida
kelishuv bo„lmasa, u holda ular tuzilmalashtirilmagan deyiladi.
Tuzilmalashtirilmagan ma‟lumotlarga misol sifatida matn fayliga
yozilgan ma‟lumotlarni ko„rsatish mumkin.
Ma‟lumotlar bazasidan foydalanuvchilar
turli amaliy dasturlar,
dasturiy vositalari, predmet sohasidagi mutaxassislar bo„lishi mumkin.
Ma‟lumotlar bazasining zamonaviy texnologiyasida ma‟lumotlar
bazasini yaratish, uni dolzarb holatda yuritishni
va foydalanuvchilarga
undan axborot olishini ta‟minlovchi maxsus dasturiy vosita, Ya‟ni
ma‟lumotlar bazasini boshqarish tizimi yordami bilan markazlashtirilgan
holda amalga oshirishni nazarda tutadi.
Ma’lumot – bu uni ma‟nosiga e‟tibor bеrmay qaraladigan ixtiyoriy
simvollar to„plamidir. O„zaro bog„langan ma‟lumotlar ma‟lumotlar
tizimi dеyiladi.
MB administratori - Mundarija kirish mavzu

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Nazorat savollari
1. Maydon uzunligi nima?
2. Ob‟ekt ga tarif bering?
3. Ob‟еktlar attributlariga misollar keltiring?
4. MB administrator deganda nimani tushunasiz?
5. Ma‟lumotlar banki tushunchasiga ta‟rif bering.
6. Ma‟lumotlar Bazasini ishlatish afzalliklari sanang.
Ierarxik ma’lumotlar modeli

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B firma uch xil mahsulotni ishlab chiqaradi: 1250, 1640, 1930.
Barcha
maxsulotlar nomlari, ularni ishlab chiqish sxemasi va
narxlarni o`z ichiga oluvchi ma‟lumotnoma
tuzish va mashina
xotirasiga joylash talab etilsin.
Keltirilgan ma‟lumotlar tuzilmani ierarxik (daraxtsimon) ko„rinishda
tasvirlash qulay.
3.1-rasm. Ma`lumotlarni ierarxik ko`rinishi.
Bunday tuzilmani jadval ko`rinishida ham tasvirlash mumkin.
3.1-jadval. Ma`lumotlarni jadval ko`rinishi.
Format
Mahsulot
Texnologiya Narx
A
3980
01
586
A
3980
02
610
A
1250
01
380
A
1250
02
345
A
1250
03
410
3980
01
02
580
610
1250
01
02
380
345
03
410
1250
1640
1930
A
3980
1250
01
02
580
610
01
02
03
380
345
45
410
B
1250
1640
1930
firma
mahsulot
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Agar berilgan element bir nechta o„zidan yuqori elementga
suyansa tarmoqli ma‟lumot elementiga ega bo„lamiz.
Hayot sikli modellari - Reja: Axborot tizimlari komponentlari Ma`lumotlar bazasini rejalashtirish

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Reja: Axborot tizimlari komponentlari Ma`lumotlar bazasini rejalashtirish
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bet | 3/3 | Sana | 15.05.2024 | Hajmi | 3,07 Mb. | | #236466 |
Bog'liq vHxOyXNdXvPOJ9JhftBdGvobLVEl0ytIcb1bv8Bg
Hayot sikli modeli deganda butun xayot sikli davomida bajariladigan masala, xarakat va jarayonlarni bajarilish ketma-ketligini va ular urtasidagi boglanishni aniklovchi struktura tushiniladi.
Xozirgi kunda quyidagi xayot sikli asosiy modellari keng tarqalgan.
- Kaskadli model (tizimli) (70-85y.);
- Spiral model (xozirgi vaqtda).
Каскадли модел
Каскадли моделни асосий характеристикаси бутун тизимни яратилишини боскичларга булишдан иборат. Бир боскичдан иккинчисига утиш жорий боскичдаги ишлар тулик тугаллангандан кейин амалга оширилади.
Хар бир боскич килинган ишларни бошка ишлаб чикарувчилар командаси томонидан давом эттирилиши учун етарли булган документация комплекти билан якунланади.
Tahlil
Loyihalash
Yaratish
Tadbiq etish
Kuzatish
Yaratish jarayonida xar doim oldingi qabul qilingan qarorlarni qayta ko’rib chiqish yoki aniqliklar kiritish uchun oldingi bosqichlarga qaytish extiyoji tug’iladi.
Natijada MB yaratishni real jarayoni kaskadli sxema bo’yicha quyidagicha tasvirlanadi:
Tahlil
Loyihalash
Yaratish
Tadbiq qilish
Kuzatish
Spiral model
MB ishlab chiqishda tez ishlab chiqish vositalaridan foydalanishga asoslangan metodologiyasi so‘nggi paytda keng tarqaldi va ilovalarni tez ishlab chiqish – RAD (Rapid Application Development) metodologiyasi nomini oldi.
Dastur yoki MB loyihalashni RAD uslubi asosida hayot sikli to’rtta bosqichdan iborat:
Spiral model RAD методологиясининг асосий ўзига хос хусусиятлари. - Ахборот тизимларини ишлаб чиқишнинг иловаларни тез ишлаб чиқиш воситаларидан фойдаланишга асосланган методологияси сўнгги пайтда кенг тарқалди ва иловаларни тез ишлаб чиқиш – RAD (Rapid Application Development) методологияси номини олди. Ушбу методолигия замонавий ахборот тизимлари ҳаётий циклининг барча босқичларини қамраб олади. RAD бу иловаларнинг алоҳида ахборот компонентларини функционал акс эттирадиган график объектларнинг муайян тўплами билан ишлаш имконини берадиган амалий ахборот тизимларини тез ишлаб чиқишнинг махсус инструментал воситалари комплексидир.
Topshiriq - 714 va 715 guruh jadvallari yaratilgan. Guruhlarda bir xil familiyalar bormi? Ular kimlar?
- Qaysi mahsulotlar Korzinkada boru Sundayda yo`q? (Korzinkaning mahsulotlar va Sundayning mahsulotlar jadvallari mavjud)
- Qaysi mahsulotlarning narxlari ikkita supermarketda ham bir xil?
- Ikkita supermarketda nechchi xil mahsulot sotiladi? (mahsulotlar ro`yxati chiqsa yetarli)
- Ikkita supermarketda narxlari bir xil bo`lgan mahsulotlarning nomlari va ishlab chiqarilgan sanalari chiqarilsin
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