nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
fIgURe 3.1 - Tyner indb

fIgURe 3.1.
Map has an improper title. The map is designed to show a sample of the U.S.
Public Land Survey System, not Pecan Lake.
Text Material and Typography 45
should be omitted. If a date is also needed in the title block, then its place in the hier-
archy must be established. Abbreviations should be avoided, if possible.
The phrase “A Map of . . . ” in a title, although frequently seen on old maps, is
redundant. It should be obvious to the reader that a map is a map. Aside from being
intellectually insulting, the phrase takes up valuable space.
legends
The map legend contains explanatory text. As in the title, text in the legend should
be concise, but it must also clearly explain the map symbols and their meanings.
Many map readers are not experienced in interpreting certain kinds of symbols, so it
is better to use a little extra space to clarify the map than to have the reader misuse
or misread the symbols. Although the legend frequently has a brief title, as we saw in
the previous chapter, the word “legend” or “key” serves no purpose and is redundant.
It would be far better to elaborate on the map title and clarify the legend (see Figure
2.18).
OIL SITE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE
OIL EXPLORATION
fIgURe 3.2.
The title of this map doesn’t reflect the subject of the map as shown by the
symbols.
NEVADA
POPULATION
2005
POPULATION
NEVADA
2005
2005
NEVADA
POPULATION
POPULATION
2005
NEVADA
2005
2005
fIgURe 3.3.
Each of these titles can be appropriate depending on the subject and intent of
the map.
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fIgURe 3.4 - Tyner indb

50 MaP Design
to honor heroes, to reflect different ideals, to gain publicity, or to change an image.
Thus, Ho Chi Minh City was formerly Saigon and St. Petersburg was formerly Lenin-
grad. Many small towns in the Mother Lode area of California were originally given
bawdy names by the miners, but as the towns became respectable, their names were
changed. The town of Hot Springs in New Mexico changed its name in 1950 to Truth
or Consequences because of a popular game show of the time.
A common error is including an English term that means the same as a part of
the foreign name, such as Rio Grande River or Cape Cabo San Lucas. Table 3.1 lists
some common foreign physical terms.
In the United States, the Board of Geographical Names is responsible for estab-
lishing guidelines on the spelling of names and will answer questions about names.
critiquing the map - Tyner indb

43
chapter 3
Text Material and Typography
. . . I am the voice of today, the herald of tomorrow. . . . I am the
leaden army that conquers the world—I am TYPE.
—F
rederic
W
illiam
G
oudy
,
The Type Speaks (1937)
PlAnnIng foR letteRIng
Although maps are generally symbolic in nature, most maps contain considerable
text material. Text on maps serves one of four purposes: (1) to label, (2) to explain,
(3) to direct or point, or (4) to establish a hierarchy or show size—here type acts as
a symbol. Therefore, the kinds of text materials we usually find on maps are titles,
legends and explanatory material, statements of source, labels on symbols and scales,
and place-names.
There are four aspects to lettering on maps: text wording, type placement, type
selection, and editing. The text and lettering must be planned just like other elements
of the design are planned. One cannot wait until the map is almost finished to decide
what the title will be and where it will be placed; the space for the title must be
allocated when the layout is first conceived. While computer methods make changes
easier, it is better to take time in the planning stage to decide on wording and place-
ment. If you fail to take time to plan, the result is crowded names, ill-conceived titles,
and generally poorly executed design.
PRIncIPles of tyPogRAPhy - Tyner indb

Text Material and Typography 51
Parts
of the Letter
Letters are positioned on a
base line (Figure 3.9). The distance from the base line to
the
mean line is called the
x-height, which is literally the height of the letter
x; this
measurement is important in determining type size for maps. Lowercase letters either
rise to the
ascender line, such as
b and
d, or extend down to the
descender line, such
as
p,
q, and
g.
Serifs are short extensions from the ends of the main strokes of a letter;
and
some letters have bowls and
loops (Figure 3.10).
Fonts
A font is all the variations of a typeface of a given size possible. A well-developed
typeface will include roman (upright) forms, italic (slant) forms, and differences in set
or width, giving normal, condensed, and extended forms, and differences in weight,
giving light, medium, and bold faces. Not all standard fonts available on computers
include all of these forms (Figure 3.11).
Typefaces
Thousands of
typefaces or styles are available, although not all are suitable for carto-
graphic work. For ease of study, these faces may be placed into categories according
to the appearance of the letters. A very simple categorization is serif or sans serif, but
because there are some faces that don’t fit into this categorization we can add decora-
tive faces. These faces are only used on maps when a special effect is desired. Often
these are advertising maps. Examples would be
comic book styles, Courier, and
dImensIons of coloR - Tyner indb

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Tyner indb Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010dImensIons of coloR
The term hue was used frequently in the previous discussion instead of color. Color
actually has three dimensions, of which hue is only one. Hue refers to the sensation
we perceive when light of a specific wavelength strikes the eye. Thus, red, green, blue,
and violet are hues. But we recognize that there are many variations of red or blue.
We commonly speak of “light blue” or “deep blue,” “greenish blue” or “purplish
blue.” Some shades of blue seem somehow “bluer” than others. These descriptions
represent attempts to describe the other two dimensions of color: lightness and satu-
ration. Lightness is also called value, but when working with quantitative data that
may have high or low numerical value the term can be confusing.
If we create a sequence of grays ranging from white to black with a series of pro-
gressively darker grays in between, we have produced a gray scale (Figure 4.4). The
closer a gray is to white, the lighter it is or the higher its value; the closer to black,
the darker it is and the lower its value. We can compare colors to the gray scale and
establish lightness steps for different hues; a blue that is near the white end of the gray
scale has a high value, and a blue that is near the black end has a low value (Plate 4.2).
As we shall see in the next section, some color systems quantify the lightness of hues
so that they can be compared and described.
Saturation, also called purity, intensity, or chroma, refers to the “colorfulness”
of a hue. It is the extent to which the color deviates from a gray of the same value. A
pure spectral color has a high intensity; it is fully saturated (Plate 4.3).
VIOLET
BLUE
GREEN
YELLOW
ORANGE
RED
SHORT
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Thursday September 26 - Table of contents Organizers

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Table of contents Organizers
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Thursday September 26
JOINT POSTER/INTERNET SESSION
(Building 3, 3rd floor Hall)
Chair (EM): Michael V. Davidovich, Saratov State University, Russia
17.-30-19.-30
1EM Amplification of terahertz plasmons by electron beem Michael V. Davidovich, Saratov State Universcity, Russia
2EM The velocity of tunneling of electromagnetic wave packet throut plasmic layer Kirill A. Sayapin, Michael V. Davidovich, Saratov State Universcity, Russia
3EM Design and simulation of microstrip wide-band phase-shifters with fixed phases Kirill A. Sayapin, Saratov State Universcity, Russia.
4EM Plasma waves deceleration in tapered heterostructure with graphene pump by optical plasmons Mikhail Yu. Morozov, Vyacheslav V. Popov, Saratov Branch, V.A. Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS.
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Electromagnetics of Microwaves, Submillimeter and Optical Waves IXX

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Electromagnetics of Microwaves, Submillimeter and Optical Waves IXX
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Electromagnetics of Microwaves, Submillimeter and Optical Waves IXX
Workshop Chair: Michael V. Davidovich, Saratov State University, Russia, Institute of Radio Engineering & Electronics RAS, Saratov Branch
Secretaries: Alexander N. Savin, Istok, Fryazino. (Russia), Dmitry A. Kolosov, Saratov State University (Russia), Kirill A. Sayapin, Saratov State University (Russia)
International Program Committee:
Alexander I. Nosich, Kharkov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, NAS Ukraine (Ukraine); Nikita M. Ryskin, Saratov State University (Russia); Igor S. Nefedov, Aalto University, Espoo (Finland); Georgi N. Georgiev, “Sts. Cyril and Methodius” University, Veliko Tirnovo, (Bulgaria); Andrei D. Grigoriev, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI (Russia); Josef Modelsky, Warsaw University of Technology (Poland); Dmitry I. Trubetskov, Saratov State University (Russia); Alexander M. Lerer, South Federal University, Rostov-Don (Russia)
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The investigation of microvasculature in plaque psoriasis during therapy videocapillaroscopy and laser doppler flowmetry methods

The investigation of microvasculature in plaque psoriasis during therapy videocapillaroscopy and laser doppler flowmetry methods Dmitry Stavtsev1, Mariya Mikhailova1, Anna Koroleva1, Elena Potapova1, Nadezhda Malaya1,2, Natalia Yakushkina2, 1Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Russia, 2Orel Regional Dermatovenereological Dispensary, Russia
Petr B. Ermolinkiy1, Anastasiya I. Maslyanitsina1, Andrei E. Lugovtsov1,2, Alexander V. Priezzhev1,2, 1Department of Physics and 2International Laser Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Effect of silicon nanoparticles on interaction and aggregation of human red blood cells in vitro retrieved by diffuse light scattering and laser tweezers techniques A.A. Kapkov1, A.V. Priezzhev1,2, A.E. Lugovtsov1,2, A.P. Popov1, P.B. Ermolinskiy1, A.I. Maslyanitsina1, I.M. Kadanova1, A.I. Neznanov1 1Department of Physics, 2International Laser Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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The development of OCT device for ENT investigations

The development of OCT device for ENT investigations
Pavel Shilyagin, Aleksey Novozhilov, Timur Abubakirov, Dmitry Terpelov, Grigory Gelikonov, Andrey Shakhov, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia
12.00-12.10
Speckle-correlation and low-coherence techniques for examination of structural properties of SCF-plasticized bioresorbable polymers
Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
12.10-12.20
Characterization of the structure of mosaic birefringent layers using transmission microscopic polarization mapping
Dmitry D. Yakovlev, Saratov State University, Russia, Dmitry A. Yakovlev, Saratov State University, Russia
12.20-12.30
Statistical properties of partially coherent light fields in passive and active randomly inhomogeneous media
Ekaterina Ushakova, Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
12.30-12.40
A hybrid modeling of polarization and correlation characteristics of scattered by random media light
Marina V. Alonova, Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Wil Baiburin, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
12.40-12.50
Referenceless low-coherence reflectometry of random media under the condition of low spectral selectivity of the detection system
Elena A. Isaeva, Anna A. Isaeva, Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
12.50-13.00
Photoconductance of dispersed nanostructured semiconductor nanosystems near the edge of the fundamental absorption band Sergey .S. Volchkov, Leonid A. Koсhkurov, Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
Workshop on
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script styles - Tyner indb

52
MaP Design
thin strokes; serifs are straight. Some writers include a transitional category between
Oldstyle and Modern.
Sans serif faces, as the name implies, lack serifs. The letters may be all one thick-
ness or there may be some variation of thick and thin strokes (Figure 3.13).
The special faces are grouped together here because they are only rarely used on
maps. When they are used, it is usually to produce some special effect. In this cat-
egory
are found black letter styles, slab serif styles, and display faces (Figure 3.14).
choosing type
The major concerns when choosing a typeface are legibility, perceptibility, harmony,
cost,
convenience, and
suitability for reproduction, and transferability or compat-
ibility for online maps.
Type
as a symbol
The variations in size, form, spacing, orientation, value, and color of type makes it
useful as a symbol in establishing visual and conceptual hierarchies and differences
g
Bowl
Loop
T
Serifs
P. Speckle correlation analysis for the monitoring of blood flow

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P. Speckle correlation analysis for the monitoring of blood flow
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11P. Speckle correlation analysis for the monitoring of blood flow
Ekaterina Savchenko, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.Petersburg, Russia, Nikita Gudzlovenko, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.Petersburg, Russia, Elena Velichko, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.Petersburg, Russia
Friday September 27
ORAL SESSION
(SSTU, Building 1, 459 room)
Chair: Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Yuri Gagarin Saratov State Technical University, Russia
11.40-11.50
Study of the interaction of luminescent probes with particles of potassium polytitanate by polarization spectroscopy
Andrey G. Melnikov, Krugova E.A., Bykov D.A., Vikulova M.A., Yuri D.S, Gorokhovsky A.V., Melnikov G.V., Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia
11.50-12.00
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Optical clearing of biological tissues and calculation of diffusion coefficient

Optical clearing of biological tissues and calculation of diffusion coefficient Arseniy Elizarov, Pavel Lepilin, Viacheslav Leshchev, Saratov State University, Russia
Transcranial laser speckle contrast imaging of mice brain vasculature under the broken ergodicity conditions Anton Y. Sdobnov1,2, Vyacheslav Kalchenko, Alexander Bykov1, Alexey Popov1, Guillaume Molodij3, Igor Meglinski1, 1Univ. of Oulu (Finland); 2Saratov State University (Russian Federation); 3Weizmann Institute of Science , Israel
Intraoperative usage of multimodal optical coherence tomography in ischaemic bowel disease: pilot study Maxim G. Ryabkov1, Mikhail S. Baleev1, Alexander N. Vorobyov2, Alexander A. Moiseev3, Grigory V. Gelikonov3, Ekaterina V. Gubarkova1, Natalia D. Gladkova1, Elena B. Kiseleva1 1Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; 2City clinical hospital № 30, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; 3Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Experimental estimates of the average refractive index of the collagen bundle as a function of water content Marina E. Shvachkina, Dmitry D. Yakovlev, Russia Alexander B. Pravdin, Dmitry A. Yakovlev, Saratov State University, Russia
Conditions of stabilization of a contracted state after riboflavin/uv cross-linking of collagenous tissue in a partially dehydrated state Marina E. Shvachkina, Alexander B. Pravdin, Dmitry A. Yakovlev, Saratov State University, Russia
Lens microstructures at the end of multimode fiber to form a laser radiation profile for biomedical applications Dmitry N. Artemyev1, Taisiya V. Slivkova1, Anastasia A. Shatskaya1, Ivan A. Karptsov2, Alexander S. Evtushenko2, Anton V. Bourdine2, 1Samara University, Russia; 2PSUTI, Russia
Monitoring of skin dehydration using optical clearing agents by refractometric and spectral methods Anna Rusanova¹, E.S. Kashtanov¹, N.D. Zavodilkin¹, E.N. Lazareva1,2, A.N. Bashkatov1,2, V.V. Tuchin1,2,3,4,1Research Educational Institute of Optics & Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia 2Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; 3Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS, Russia; 4Laboratory of Femtomedicine, ITMO University,St. Petersburg, Russia
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Tissue-mimicking phantoms for fluorescence imaging

Tissue-mimicking phantoms for fluorescence imaging V.V. Shupletsov1, D.D. Stavcev1, A.N. Stolbov1, E.V. Potapova1, V.V. Dremin1, A.Y. Vinokurov 1, A.V. Dunaev1, 1Research and Development Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel, Russia
Study of the effect of a proteasome inhibitor on actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the nerve cells by fluorescence imaging Vladimir Pershin1, Natalia Maximova, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Russia Murat Gainullin2, Irina Mukhina1, Tatiana Kovaleva1, 1Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Russia;2Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
On a spectrometer influence to the in-depth fall of signal in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography Evgeniy Sherstniov1, Pavel Shilyagin2, Grigory Gelikonov2, 1Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; 2Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia
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Investigation of - Table of contents Organizers

Investigation of ex vivo skin weight and geometric parameters kinetics at the skin optical clearing by glycerol solutions with concentrations of 20-100% Vadim D. Genin, Natalia V. Teslina, Elina A. Genina, Valery V. Tuchin, Alexey N. Bashkatov, Saratov State University, Russia
The physical basis of speckle pattern formation Nataliya D. Kozintseva1, Arkady S. Abdurashitov2, Valery V. Tuchin1,2,3,4, 1Research Educational Institute of Optics & Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia 2Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; 3Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS, Russia; 4Laboratory of Femtomedicine, ITMO University,St. Petersburg, Russia
Laser doppler flowmetry in assessing the distant stimulating effect of autotransplantation of skin flap on microcirculation E.B. Popyhova, T.V. Stepanova, E.V. Gladkova, I.V. Babushkina, D.D. Lagutina, A.N. Ivanov, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia
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ORAL SESSION PHOTONICS III

ORAL SESSION PHOTONICS III
(Building 3, Conference Hall 64)
Chair: Vladimir L. Derbov, Saratov State
University, Russia
14.00-14.30
Interaction of rydberg atoms with twisted light
Alexander Gorokhov, Samara National Research University, Russia
14.30-15.00
Acceleration measurement by spectrum of interference signal of self-mixing laser
Anatoly Skripal, Sergey Dobdin, Alexey Dzafarov, Karina Sadchikova, Saratov State University, Russia
15.00-15.30
Photophoresis-based laser manipulation of air-borne particles using structured laser beams
Alexey Porfirev, Image Processing Systems Institute—Branch of the Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, Russia, Anna Dubman, Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia
15.30-16.00
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Sapphire shaped crystals for optically-controlled cryodestruction of biological tissues

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Sapphire shaped crystals for optically-controlled cryodestruction of biological tissues
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Sapphire shaped crystals for optically-controlled cryodestruction of biological tissues Arsen Zotov1 I.N. Dolganova2 I.A. Shikunova1 A.A. Kuznetsov1 K.I. Zaytsev2 V.N. Kurlov1 1Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia; 2Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
Optical and physiological properties dynamics of skin and muscle tissues under the external mechanical compression Olga Zyuryukina, Yury P. Sinichkin, Saratov State University, Russia
Identification of red blood cells of native human donor blood by digital optical microscopy using spectrally filtered light I.V. Zabenkov1, V.A. Doubrovski1, S.O. Torbin1, E.P. Karpocheva2, 1Saratov State Medical University n. a. V.I. Razumovsky; 2Saratov Regional Blood Transfusion Station, Russia
Red blood cells and their aggregates sedimentation mechanical model - experiment and mathematical description of the process Valeri Doubrovski1, Sergey Markov2, Dmitry Kovalev1, 1Saratov State Medical University; 2Saratov State University, Russia
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Qrup: 531a kurs: I

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Qrup: 531a kurs: I
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Bog'liq rft cebr 5
Azərbaycan Respublikası Təhsil Nazirliyi
Azərbaycan Texniki Universiteti
Tələbə: Emin Həsənov
Qrup: 531A
Kurs: I
Fakültə: Maşınqayırma və robotexnika
İxtisas: Cihaz mühəndisliyi
Fənn: Xətti cəbr və analitik həndəsə
Mövzu: Matrislər üzərində elementar çevrilmələr, matrisin ranqı, tərs matris
və onların hesablanması
Müəllim: Təbriz Şəmiyev
Matris və ya Matriks — Xətti cəbr anlayışı olub, m sayda sıra və n sayda sütundan ibarət olan rəqəmlər cədvəlidir. Matrisi Sıra Vektorları və Sütun Vektorları yaradır. Matris cədvəlinin hər bir elementinə Matris Komponenti deyilir. 1. Riyaziyyatda və hesablamalarda: əlaqəli vahidlərin təşkili məqsədilə ədədlərin, nöqtələrin, elektron cədvəlin xanalarının və s. elementlərin sətirlər və sütunlar boyu yerləşdirilməsi. Matrislər riyaziyyatda “düzbucaqlı” ədədlər yığınının təsviri və emalı üçün istifadə olunur. Hesablamalarda və tətbiqi proqramlarda matrislərdən verilənlər yığınının cədvəl şəklində, məsələn, axtarış cədvəllərində və elektron cədvəllərdə yerləşdirilməsi üçün istifadə edilir. Sin: TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY; Tut: ARRAY;
2. Aparat vasitələrində: ekranda, eləcə də çapda (məsələn, matrisli printerlərdə çap zamanı) simvolların yaradılması üçün nöqtələrdən ibarət matrislərdən istifadə olunur. Elektronikada informasiyanın kodlaşdırılması, dekodlaşdırılması və ya çevrilməsi üçün məntiqi sxemlər şəbəkələrinin yaradılmasında diodlar və ya tranzistorlardan ibarət matrislərdən istifadə olunur. "Matris" bir riyazi anlayış kimi ilk dəfə 1850-ci ildə Ceyms Cosef Silvester tərəfindən formalaşdırılmışdır. Matrislərin quruluşu onları xətti bərabərliklər kimi ifadə etməyə kömək edir.Matris anlayışı cədvəl mənasında hələ b. e. ə. III əsrlə b. e..-nın III əsri arasında naməlun Çin riyaziyyatçısı tərəfindən daxil olunmuşdur. Lakin onun geniş tətbiqləri və əhəmiyyəti məhz xətti fəza və xətti inikaslarla sıx əlaqəsi ilə müəyyən olunur.
{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\end{pmatrix}}} və ya {\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\end{bmatrix}}}
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Grid ticks. Short lines indicating where selected grid lines intersect the neat line.
Halos

238 aPPenDiCes
showing relief on maps. Commonly, cool colors are used for low elevations and warm
colors for high elevations.
See also Layer tint.
Imagery. Visible representation of objects from cameras, scanners, radar, or other sensors.
Inset map. A separate map located within the neat line of a larger map. It may be a portion of
the map at an enlarged scale, an area that falls outside the borders but included within
for convenience, or a smaller scale map of surrounding areas included for location
purposes.
Intensity. The richness of a color. Other terms used are “chroma,” “saturation,” and
“purity.”
Interactive Map. A map that allows the user to click on parts of the map and interact with
various features.
Internal base data. These data, which are a part of the base map, include such things as admin-
istrative boundaries, coastlines, cities, transportation routes, place names, mountains,
rivers, and lakes, that is, geographic information on or within the mapped area itself.
Photodynamic treatment of stem cells cultivated from glioblastoma tumour

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Photodynamic treatment of stem cells cultivated from glioblastoma tumour
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Photodynamic treatment of stem cells cultivated from glioblastoma tumour Ekaterina Borisova1, Alexander Gisbrecht1, Tsanislava Genova1 Dobroslav Kyurkchiev2, Kalina Tumangelova-Yuzeir2, Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova2 Ivan Evstatiev Ivan Angelov, Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya4 Peter Karazapryanov5, Krassimir Minkin5 1Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2Laboratory of Clinical immunology, University Hospital " St. Ivan Rilski", Department of clinical laboratory and clinical immunology, Medical University - Sofia, 3Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center on Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria; 4Biology Department, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; 5Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital " St. Ivan Rilski", 15, Acad. Ivan Evstatiev Geshov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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General purpose map - Tyner indb

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Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010General purpose map. A map that shows a variety of geographical phenomena, such as trans-
portation, political boundaries, hydrography, and the like. It is used primarily for ref-
erence, location, and planning.
Generating globe. A model of the earth used for the generation of perspective map projec-
tions, or a theoretical sphere to which projections may be compared. The scale of the
generating globe is the nominal scale of the map.
Geographic data. Facts gathered by measuring, counting, calculating, or derivation. They
measure or describe aspects of geographical phenomena.
Geographic information system. A computer-based system for collecting, managing, analyz-
ing, modeling, and presenting geographic data for a wide range of applications.
Geoid. An earth-shaped figure; the figure of the earth viewed as a mean sea-level surface.
Geometric symbol. An abstract symbol that uses geometric shapes such as triangles, squares,
and cubes.
GIScience. This term is used in two ways. (1) As a field of research that studies theory and
concepts of GIS. (2) Applying scientific method to address spatial questions. GIScien-
tists, in this sense, practice or use GIS. GIS technician, analyst, or specialist is often
used as a synonym for GIScientist.
Gnomonic projection. An azimuthal projection that shows all great circles as straight lines.
Graduated circle. A circular symbol that is drawn so that its area or apparent area is propor-
tional to the amount represented: also called a “proportional circle.”
Graphic (or graphical) scale. A graduated line marked in ground units that allows distances
to be measured from a map. Also called a “bar scale.”
Graticule. The system of parallels and meridians on the earth or globe.
Gray scale. Standard set of gray tones ranging from white to black.
Great circle. A circle on the earth’s surface formed by a plane passed through the earth’s cen-
ter that bisects it into equal hemispheres. The shortest distance between two points of
the earth’s surface is along a great circle arc. Also called an “orthodrome.”
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Interpolation - Tyner indb

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Tyner indb Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010Interpolation. Estimating values from an isarithmic map; estimating location of isarithmic
lines from control points.
Interrupted projections. Projections on which the central meridian is repeated in order to
reduce distortion. It permits each area (usually a continent) to be placed in the zone of
best representation. Also called a “recentered projection.”
Interval, choroplethic and isarithmic. The difference in value between two adjacent categories
or isarithmic lines.
Interval measurement, or interval scale. Provides information about differences in value
between ranks, in addition to rank and kind. See also Nominal measurement and
Ordinal measurement.
Isarithm. A line that joins all points having the same value above or below some datum. Also
called “isoline” or “isogram.”
Isoanamorphic lines. Lines that show equal deformation on a map projection.
Isochrone. A line that joins all points having the same time from a specific point.
Isoline. Another term for “isarithm.”
Isometric line. A type of isarithmic line. The lines connect values either derived or actual that
occur at actual points.
Isopleth. A type of isarithmic line. The lines connect derived values that occur at inferred
points. The lines are assumed to have equal values for the distribution.
Key. Synonym for legend. Often used on children’s maps.
Latitude. Angular distance north or south of the equator; measured from 0° to 90°.
Layer tint. The use of colors between different isarithmic lines. When used with elevation
contours, the method is called “hypsometric tints.”
Layout. The arrangement of the various map elements within the borders of the map. See also
Composition.
Legend. An explanation of the symbols and conventions used on a map.
Lightness. Also called “value.” Shades of a hue from light to dark.
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Oriental journal of medicine and natural sciences

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Volume 1 Issue 1
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January 2024
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ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND NATURAL SCIENCES
“Innovative World” Scientific Research Support Center www.inno-world.uz
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Volume 1 Issue 1
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January 2024
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ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND NATURAL SCIENCES
“Innovative World” Scientific Research Support Center www.inno-world.uz
Introduction
Herpes viruses, members of the Herpesviridae family, are double-stranded
DNA viruses with a distinct four-layered structure comprising a core housing a
large, double-stranded DNA genome, an icosapentahedral capsid, an amorphous
protein coat called the tegument, and a lipid bilayer envelope bearing
glycoproteins [1, 2]. There are over 200 members in this family, and eight of
them, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV),
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6),
human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and Kaposi’s sarcoma virus (KSHV), are capable of
infecting humans [2].
Herpesviruses are known for infecting various cell types, establishing a
reactivatable latent infection in a specific tissue or cell type. Periodically, the virus
reactivates, leading to clinical recurrence of the disease, triggered by factors such
as heat, cold, trauma, fever, stress, and changes in the host’s immune defense
status [1].
HSV-1 is a prominent pathogen responsible for global infections, transmitted
through direct contact with lesions or biological fluids like saliva and genital
fluids. The majority of people come into contact with HSV-1 in their lifetime,
harboring the virus in a latent form. According to the World Health Organization
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September 27, Friday - Table of contents Organizers

September 27, Friday
ORAL SESSION BIOPHYSICS IV
(Building 10, Hall 503)
Chair: Ekaterina Borisova, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
11.30-11.45
Quasistatic elasto-spectroscopy for histology-like morphological segmentation of biological tissues based on compressional optical coherence elastography
Vladimir Zaitsev1, Anton Plekhanov2, Marina Sirotkina2, Alexander Sovetsky1, Ekaterina Gubarkova2, Sergei Kuznetsov2, Alexander Matveyev1, Lev Matveev1, Elena Zagaynova2, Natalia Gladkova2, 1Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia; 2Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
11.45-12.00
Simulating the effects of blood vessel depth on photoacoustic signal generation using a 3D monte carlo method
Mohammadali Ansari1, Amirmohammad Hasanzadeh1, Zahra Akbari2, 1Laser and plasma research institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran; 2Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
12.00-12.15
Research of the cellular response of leukocytes triggered by arachidonic acid using photo-labile analogs
Daria N. Chernova1, Alexander E. Moskalensky1, Alexei Yu. Vorob’ev1, Sergei G.Sokolovski2, 1Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; 2Aston University, Birmingham, UK
12.15-12.30
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Premier Enterprise Support

Premier Enterprise Support features tiered packages of services (Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze) to help satisfy the mission-critical needs of Dell’s server and storage customers. Since maximizing system uptime is crucial for enterprise customers, many features of Dell’s Premier Enterprise Support Service Tiers Gold and Platinum levels are focused on preventing issues – such as remote monitoring, pre-failure alerting, change notification, and change management.
Other services are focused on rapid resolution to quickly resolve any issues as they occur. Services range from on-site2 service for hardware to remote software and storage support with seamless support for select third party products. Gold and Platinum customers benefit from engineer-to-engineer support, on-site troubleshooting, on-site engineers, and on-site spares.
Today’s mission-critical environments require maximum uptime enabled by problem prevention and rapid resolution if issues do occur. Through the Premier Enterprise Support program, Dell offers a tiered service offering to help satisfy the unique needs of server and storage customers across a range of computing environments.
Premier Enterprise Support offers four tiers of service: Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Bronze. Each of these service tiers is designed to meet the varied needs of our enterprise customers.
Platinum Support: For around-the-clock, mission-critical environments, Platinum support provides fully integrated and comprehensive custom solutions for all Dell strategic operating systems. Some of the key program features include: Dedicated Technical Account Manager, On-site Troubleshooting, Customer Training, Seamless Support and a 2-hour on-site response1 and 6-hour repair2 commitment.
Gold Support: For Linux-, Microsoft-, and Novell-based business-critical systems, Gold support offers a rich suite of high-end services designed to help manage key environments. Some of the key program features include: Seamless Support, Technical Account Manager Team, Customer-Defined Call Priority, and 4-hour response.1
Silver or Bronze Support: For systems that require basic levels of support, the Silver or Bronze tiers enable customers implementing Red Hat Linux to choose from a variety of services based on their requirements. These options include: DirectLine Plus (see description below), annual contracts offering resolution 24x7 or 8 x5, and incident packages for either 5 or 10 incidents (annual contracts cover a specific server; incident packs cover any server.)
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Basics continued...
● Make sure there is not too much furniture in a room. Select pieces that look best and store the rest. It is often suggested that one piece of furniture be removed from each room. This opens it up and helps the room appear less cluttered and busy. People like to imagine their own belongings in a home and when there is clutter, it can be distracting to the potential buyer.
● Keep the kitchen sparkling clean. Make sure all appliances are clean at all times. Straighten up cupboards that appear cluttered inside and keep floors gleaming.
● Bath tubs, showers and sinks should be freshly caulked. The grout should be clean and in good condition. There should be no leaks in the faucets or traps.
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DirectLine Plus Software Support Services for Red Hat Linux

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DirectLine Plus Software Support Services for Red Hat Linux
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DirectLine Plus Software Support Services for Red Hat Linux
For customers needing expert assistance with server software, Dell offers optional, customized toll-free priority access software support for PowerEdge servers and PowerApp appliance servers. With Dell and Red Hat, customers may select from a variety of support offerings based on their needs.
Red Hat Linux DirectLine Plus from Dell includes enhanced support with full 24x7 coverage and a guaranteed response time of 1 hour for critical issues and 2 hours for non-critical issues - or the resolution is free (The guarantee does not apply to Red Hat Linux support or single resolutions purchased individually.) DirectLine Plus applies to either factory-installed or customer-installed software.
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Ilova – 1
Varag’I quyidagi kurinishida bo’lishi shart (NAMUNA)

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Ilova – 1
Varag’I quyidagi kurinishida bo’lishi shart (NAMUNA)
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Bog'liq NAZORAT VAZIFALAR VARIANTLARI (3)Ilova – 1
Varag’I quyidagi kurinishida bo’lishi shart (NAMUNA):
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI
OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI
TOSHKENT DAVLAT TRANSPORT UNIVERSITETI
“TRANSPORTDA AXBOROT TIZIMLARI VA TEXNOLOGIYALARI”
kafedrasi
SIRTQI BO’LIM
"INFORMATIKA VA AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI"
yo’nalishi uchun
“TIZIMLI DASTURIY TA’MINOT”
fanidan
NAZORAT TOPSHIRIG’I
Topshirdi: SAT-3 gurux talabasi F.I.Sh.
Qabul qildi: доts. Aliev M.M.
Тoshkent-2024
Фойдаланадиган адабиётлар рўйхати:
Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne. " Operating System Concepts". 8th Edition.John Wiley & Sons. 2009. 982 р.
R.M.Aliyev,M.M.Aliyev Tizimli Dasturiy Ta’minot. O’quv qo’llanma.”Transport” nashriyoti, Toshkent,2021.165 b.
Aliyev М.М.,Nurmuxamedov T.R.,Toxirov E. Tizimli dasturiy ta’minot. O’quv qullanma. –Т., 2017.
Алиев М.М. Системное программное обеспечение. Т.: «Aloqachi», 2010. – 160 с.
Гордеев А.Ю., Молчанов А.Ю. Системное программное обеспечение. Питер, 2002.
Aliev M.M.,Toxirov E. Tizimli dasturiy ta’minot.Uslubiy qullanma.T.2012.-43b.
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Virtual Machines - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Introduction
xxvii
When
the download has completed, click the setup file, and you will be
greeted by a familiar Setup Wizard, shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: The Setup Wizard dialog
Click
Next, and you should be greeted with the Custom Setup screen,
as in Figure 3.
Figure 3: The Custom Setup dialog
From this screen,
simply click Next. Keep clicking
Next until you get to
the Network Interfaces warning screen and then click
Yes.
Click
Install to begin the process.
During this process, you will likely be
prompted several times about installing
device software. These are the virtual
networking devices necessary for your virtual machines to communicate.
Click
Install for each one.
When
the installation is complete, click
Finish.
Linux Offers Granular Control - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Linux Offers Granular Control Linux is granular. That means that you have an almost infinite amount of
control over the system. In Windows, you can control only what Microsoft
allows you to control. In Linux, everything can be controlled by the terminal,
at the most miniscule level or the most macro level. In addition, Linux makes
scripting in any of the scripting languages simple and effective.
Most Hacking Tools Are Written for Linux Well over 90 percent of all hacking tools are written for Linux. There are
exceptions, of course, such as Cain and Abel and Wikto, but those excep-
tions prove the rule. Even when hacking tools such as Metasploit or nmap
are ported for Windows, not all the capabilities transfer from Linux.
The Future Belongs to Linux/Unix This might seem like a radical statement, but I firmly believe that the future
of information technology belongs to Linux and Unix systems. Microsoft
had its day in the 1980s and 1990s, but its growth is slowing and stagnating.
Since the internet began, Linux/Unix has been the operating system
of choice for web servers due to its stability, reliability, and robustness. Even
today, Linux/Unix is used in two-thirds of web servers and dominates the
market. Embedded systems in routers, switches, and other devices almost
always use a Linux kernel, and the world of virtualization is dominated by
Linux, with both VMware and Citrix built on the Linux kernel.
Over 80 percent of mobile devices run Unix or Linux (iOS is Unix,
and Android is Linux), so if you believe that the future of computing lies in
Introduction
xxv mobile devices such as tablets and phones (it would be hard to argue other-
wise), then the future is Unix/Linux. Microsoft Windows has just 7 percent
of the mobile devices market. Is that the wagon you want to be hitched to?
Downloading Kali Linux - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

xxvi
Introduction
application like BitTorrent to do this. The Kali file will then download to the
folder in which the torrenting application stores its downloads.
There are other versions for other types of CPUs, such as the commonly
used ARM architecture found in so many mobile devices. If you are using a
Raspberry Pi, tablet, or other mobile device (phone
users will likely prefer
Kali NetHunter), make certain you download and install the ARM architec-
ture version of Kali by scrolling down to Download ARM images and click-
ing
Kali ARM Images.
You have Kali downloaded, but before you install anything, I want to
talk a bit about virtual machines.
Generally, for the beginner, installing
Kali into a virtual machine is the best solution for learning and practicing.
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Absolute Basics
● Start by airing out the home. Most people are turned off by even the slightest odor. Odors must be eliminated, especially dogs, cats, young children in diapers or of there are smokers in the home.
● Wash all the windows in the home, inside and out.
● If it has been over a year since the carpets have been cleaned, now is the time to do it. Bare floors should be waxed or polished.
● Put bright light bulbs in every socket made for a bulb. Buyers like bright & cheery!
● Clean out closets, cabinets and drawers. Closet should look as they have enough room to hold additional items. Get everything off the floor and don’t have the shelves piled to the ceiling.
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G E T T I N G S TA R T E D W I T H

2
Chapter 1
Binaries This term refers to files that can be executed, similar to
executables in Windows. Binaries generally reside in the
/usr/bin or
usr/sbin directory and include utilities such as
ps
,
cat
,
ls
, and
ifconfig
(we’ll touch on all of four of these in this chapter) as well as applica-
tions such as the wireless hacking tool aircrack-ng and the intrusion
detection system (IDS) Snort.
Case sensitivity Unlike Windows, the Linux filesystem is case sensi-
tive. This means that
Desktop is different from
desktop, which is different
from
DeskTop. Each of these would represent a different file or directory
name. Many people coming from a Windows environment can find this
frustrating. If you get the error message “file or directory not found”
and you are sure the file or directory exists, you probably need to check
your case.
Setting Up Kali - L in u X ba sics for h acke rs g e t t I n g s t a r t e d w I t h

Introduction
xxxiii
The root user in Linux is the all-powerful system administrator. You
can use any password you feel secure with. If this were a physical system that
we were using on the internet, I would suggest that you use a very long and
complex password to limit the ability of an attacker to crack it. Since this is
a virtual machine that people can’t access without first accessing your host
operating system, password authentication on this virtual machine is less
important, but you should still choose wisely.
Click
Continue, and you will be asked to set your time zone. Do so and
then continue.
The next screen asks about partition disks (a
partition is just what it
sounds like—a portion or segment of your hard drive). Choose
Guided –
use entire disk, and Kali will detect your hard drives and set up a parti-
tioner automatically.
Kali will then warn you that all data on the disk you select will be
erased . . . but don’t worry! This is a virtual disk, and the disk is new and
empty, so this won’t actually do anything. Click
Continue.
Kali will now ask whether you want all files in one partition or if you
want to have separate partitions. If this were a production system, you prob-
ably would select separate partitions for
/home,
/var, and
/tmp, but consider-
ing that we will be using this as a learning system in a virtual environment,
it is safe for you to simply select
All files in one partition.
Now you be will be asked whether to write your changes to disk. Select
Install
for each one.
When the installation is complete, click 
Finish

xxviii
Introduction
Setting Up Your Virtual Machine
Now let’s get you started with your virtual machine.
VirtualBox should open
once it has installed—if not, open it—and you should be greeted by the
VirtualBox Manager, as seen in Figure 4.
Figure 4: The VirtualBox Manager
Since we will be creating a new virtual machine with Kali , click
New
in the upper-left corner. This opens the Create Virtual Machine dialog
shown in Figure 5.
Give your machine a name (any name is okay, but I simply used Kali) and
then
select
Linux
from the
Type
drop-down menu. Finally, select
Debian
(64-bit)
from the third drop-down menu (unless you are using the 32-bit
version of Kali, in which case select the Debian 32-bit version). Click
Next
,
and you’ll see a screen like Figure 6. Here,
you need to select how much
RAM you want to allocate to this new virtual machine.
Figure 5: The Create Virtual Machine dialog
Figure 6: Allocating memory
Introduction
xxix
As a rule of thumb, I don’t recommend using more than 25 percent of
your total system RAM. That means if you have installed 4GB (or 4096MB)
on
your physical or host system, then select just 1GB for your virtual machine,
and if you have 16GB on your physical system, then select 4GB. The more
RAM
you give your virtual machine, the better and faster it will run, but
you must also leave enough RAM for your host operating system and any
other virtual machines you might want to run simultaneously.
Your virtual
machines will not use any RAM when you are not using them, but they will
use hard drive space.
Click