nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Maksimal heaplarda - Muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti tizimli va amaliy...

heap operatsiyalari
Uyum operatsiyalarining ishlash vaqtlarini tushunish uchun,
qo'shish va o'chirishning heap ichida qanday ishlashini tushunish
juda muhimdir
.
Kiritish
heapga yangi element kiritilganda, u heap
ning toʻliq shaklini
saqlab qolish uchun toʻplamning keyingi boʻsh joyiga, eng oxirgi
sathining eng oʻng joyiga qoʻshiladi. Biroq, bu yangi element
to'pning boshqa asosiy xususiyatini, uning tartibini buzishi
mumkin.
Bir
daqiqada, agar yangi elementning bos elementi undan katta
bo'lsa, u bosh element bilan almashtiriladi.
Bu element toʻpning
ildiziga yetguncha yoki toʻgʻri tartibda joylashtirilgunga qadar
daraxtda
koʻtarilib
turadi . Xuddi shu jarayon maksimal to'plar
uchun ham amal qiladi, lekin tugunning to'g'ri holatda ekanligini
tekshirish uchun asosiy tugun yangi tugundan kattaroq bo'lishi
kerak.
Olib tashlash
heapdan olib tashlashda ildiz tugun har doim olib tashlanadi. Keyin, oxirgi
element, yig'ishning oxirgi darajasidagi eng o'ng tugun, olib tashlanadi va
ildiz sifatida o'rnatiladi. Bu olib tashlash jarayoni to'p shaklini
saqlab qoladi,
lekin bu yangi tartib heapning to'g'ri tartibini buzishi mumkin.
Bir daqiqada, agar yangi elementning bolalaridan biri
ularning ota-onasidan
kichik bo'lsa, yangi element ikkita boladan kichigi bilan almashtiriladi. Bu
element
toʻpning oxirgi darajasiga yetguncha yoki toʻgʻri joyga oʻrnatilgunga
qadar daraxtda
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS - Scientific progress

|
Scientific progressBog'liq ta-limda-axborot-texnologiyalariSCIENTIFIC PROGRESS
VOLUME 2 ǀ ISSUE 2 ǀ 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
Uzbekistan
www.scientificprogress.uz
Page 1395
ko’rinishda mujassamlashgan xolda berilsa, materiallarni xotirada saqlab qolish 75%
ortadi.
Multimedia vositalari asosida o’quvchilarni o’qitish quyidagi afzalliklarga ega:
1) berilayotgan materiallarni chuqurroq va mukammalroq o`zlashtirish imkoniyati
bor;
2) ta’lim olishning yangi sohalari bilan yaqindan aloqa qilish ishtiyoqi yanada
ortadi:
3) ta’lim olish vaqtining qisqarish natijasida, vaqtni tejash imkoniyatiga erishish;
4) olingan bilimlar kishi xotirasida uzoq saqlanib, kerak bulganda amaliyotda
qo`llash imkoniyatiga erishiladi. Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari fundamental
fan sifatida kompyuter axborot tizimlari negizida istalgan ob’ektlar bilan boshqaruv
jarayonlarini axborot jihatidan ta’minlashni barpo etish metodologiyasini ishlab chiqish
bilan shug’ullanadi. Shunday fikr ham mavjudki, fanning asosiy vazifalaridan biri —
axborot tizimlari nima, ular qanday o’rinni egallaydi, qanday tuzilmaga ega bo’lishi
lozim, qanday ishlaydi, uning uchun qanday qonuniyatlar xos ekanligini aniqlashdir.
Yevropada informatika sohasida quyidagi asosiy ilmiy yo’nalishlarni ajratib ko’rsatish
mumkin: tarmoq tuzilmasini ishlab chiqish, kompyuterli integratsiyalashgan jarayonni
ishlab chiqarish, iqtisodiy va tibbiy informatika, ijtimoiy sug’urta va atrof-muhit
informatikasi, professional axborot tizimlari. Multimedia tizimining paydo bo’lishi
ta’lim, fan, san’at, kompyuter treninglari, reklama, texnika, tibbiyot, matematika,
biznes, ilmiy tadqiqot kabi bir qancha kasbiy sohalarda revolyutsion o’zgarishlar yuzaga
kelishiga olib keldi.
Kompyuterlarni ta’lim tizimida qo’llash g’oyasi ancha ilgari paydo bo’lgan
bo’lgan bo’lsada, ta’lim tizimining barcha sohalarida axborot texnologiyalarini qo’llash
multimedia qurilmalari bilan jihozlangan kompyuterlar paydo bo’lgach to’liq ma’noda
amaliyotga joriy etilib boshlandi. Multimedia vositalarini ta’limda qo’llash
quyidagilarga imkoniyat yaratadi:
• ta’limning gumanizasiyalashuvini ta’minlash;
• o’quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirish;
• ta’lim oluvchining shaxsiy fazilatlarini rivojlantirish (o’zlashtirganlik, bilimga
chanqoqlik, mustaqil ta’lim olish, o’zini o’zi tarbiyalash, o’zini o’zi kamol toptirishga
qaratilgan qobiliyatlilik, ijodiy qobiliyatlari, olgan bilimlarini amaliyotga qo’llay olishi,
o’rganishga bo’lgan qiziqishi, mehnatga bo’lgan munosabati);
• ta’lim oluvchining kommunikativ va ijtimoiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish;
• kompyuter vositalari va axborot elektron ta’lim resurslari yordamida har bir
shaxsning alohida (individual) ta’lim olishi hisobiga ochiq va masofaviy ta’limni
individuallashtirish va differensiyalash imkoniyatlari sezilarli darajada kengayadi;
• ta’lim oluvchiga faol bilim oluvchi subyekt sifatida qarash, uning qadrqimmatini
tan olish;
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| |
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS - Scientific progress

SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS
VOLUME 2 ǀ ISSUE 2 ǀ 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
Uzbekistan
www.scientificprogress.uz
Page 1397
eshitib
idrok etish, boshqalari esa (videofilmlarni) ko’rish orqali ta’lim olishni va
bilimlarni o’zlashtirishni xush ko’radilar. Interfaol multimedia
texnologiyalari akademik
ehtiyojga ega bo’lgan ta’lim oluvchiga noan’anaviy qulaylik tug’diradi. Xususan,
eshitish sezgisida defekti bor ta’lim oluvchilarda fonologik malakalar va o’qish
malakalari o’sishiga, shuningdek, ularning axborotlarni vizual o’zlashtirishlarini
ta’minlaydi. Nutqi va jismoniy imkoniyati cheklanganlarda
esa vositalardan ularning
individual ehtiyojlaridan kelib chiqib foydalanishga imkon beradi. Multimedia vositalari
ta’lim berishning samarali va istiqbolli quroli (instrumentlari) bo’lib, u o’qituvchiga
an’anaviy ma’lumotlar manbaidan ko’ra keng ko’lamdagi ma’lumotlar
massivini taqdim
etish; ko’rgazmali va uyg’unlashgan holda nafaqat matn,
grafiklar, sxemalar,
balki
ovoz, animasiyalar, video
va boshqalardan foydalanish; axborot turlarini ta’lim
oluvchilarning qabul qilish (idrok etish) darajasi va mantiqiy o’rganishiga mos ravishda
ketma-ketlikda tanlab olish imkoniyatini yaratadi.
REFERENCES
1. «O’zbekistan Respublikasini yanada riyojlantirish bo’yicha xarakatlar strategiyasi
to’grisida»gi F-4947-sonli Farmoni.
2. O’zbekistan Respublikasi prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoyevning
Oliy Majlisga
Murojaatnomasi. Toshkent oqshomi. 2020 yil, 25 yanvar. № 13 (14064).
3. Mirziyoyev SH.M. Tanqidiy taxlil, qilish tartib-intizom va shaxsiy javobgarlik - xar
bir rahbar faoliyatining kundalik qoidasi bo’lishi kerak. -T.: O’zbekiston, 2017
4. S.S.G'ulomov va boshqalar. Axborot tizimlari va texnologivalari: Oliy o'quv yurti
talabalari uchun darslik / Akademik S.S. G'ulomovning unuimiy tahriri ostida. - Т.,
«Sharq», 2000.
5.
The pedagogy of Ihe Massive Oen Online Course: the UK view. Sian Bayne
and Jen Ross, the University of Edinburgh. The Higher Education A cad emy .2013.
6.
www.lex.uz
.
7.
www.ziyonet.uz
1 Intel asci red aqsh intel (aqsh) 9472 1338

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1 Intel asci red aqsh intel (aqsh) 9472 1338
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Sana | 28.11.2023 | Hajmi | 13,24 Kb. | | #106844 |
Bog'liq Super kompyuterlar
Super kompyuterlar (TOP 500 kompyuterlar)-juda katta tezlikni talab qiladigan va katta hajmdagi masalalarni yechish uchun mo`ljallangan bo`ladi.
Bunday masalalar sifatida ob-havoning global prognoziga oid masalalarni, uch o`lchovli fazoda turli oqimlarning kechishini o`rganish masalalari, global informatsion sistemalar va hokazolarni keltirish mumkin.
Bu kompyuterlar bir sekundda 10 trillionlab amal bajaradi. Superkompyuterlar bahsida AQSH energetika vazirligining Sandia laboratoriyasida o`rnatilgan 9472 protsessorli Intel ASCI Red kompyuter sistemasi karvonboshilik qilmoqda.
Bu kompyuterning tezligi kompyuterlar tezligini o`lchovchi- Linpacr parallel testida 1 TFLOPS (1 TFLOPS-1000 GFLOPS teng, 1GFLOPS esa 1000000 FLOPS, 1FLOPS-sekundiga 1000 amalga teng).
Xususan, bu kompyuter yadro sinovlarini va eskirayotgan yadro qurollarini modellashtirishda qo`llaniladi.
E'tiborlisi shuki, Tokio universiteti dunyoda to`rtinchi o`rinda turadigan, sekundiga 873GFLOPS amal bajaradigan, 128 protsessorli SGI ASCI Blue kompyuteriga ega.
Quyidagi jadvalda Top kompyuterlar haqida ma'lumot keltirilgan: Rey- Superkompyuter Ishlab chiqaruvchi Shirkat nomi Protsessor Moshnost ting rusumi mamlakat soni (GFLOPS)
1 Intel ASCI Red AQSH Intel (AQSH) 9472 1338
2 SGI ASCI Blue AQSH SGI (AQSH) 6144 634
3 SGI T3E1200 AQSH SGI (AQSH) 1084 430
4 Hitachi SR8000 Yaponiya Hitachi(Yaponiya) 128 368 5 SGI T3E900 AQSH SGI (AQSH) 1324 264
Shuni qayd qilish lozimki, superkompyuterlarning ma'lum yo`nalish masalalarini Shuni qayd qilish lozimki, superkompyuterlarning ma'lum yo`nalish masalalarini yechishga qaratilgan turlari ham mavjud.
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Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors

Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors
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This is an open access article under the 
CC–BY-SA
 license. 
I

JAIC
e-ISSN: 2548-6861
Re-Calibration of Model-Based Capacitive Sensor for IoT Soil Moisture Measurements
(Iman Setiawan, Mohammad Dahlan Th. Musa, Saskia Amalia Putri)
151
[4] but not using capacitive soil moisture sensor. Our previous
research [5], [6], we calibrated a percentage-based soil
moisture sensor. The percentage is calculated using
observation data when the sensor is in the air and immersed
in water. There are many missing values found in the stored
data. This indicates that the sensor calibration process is not
adaptive, especially if used for a long period of time. So that,
this research aims to visualise data points and the estimated
linear and non-linear model in a web-based application.
Additional features are an interactive web application handles
small sample sizes problem for model selection by using
adjusted R squared. The coefficients model obtained is then
programmed into an Arduino Uno which is connected to a
mobile phone so that an IoT model-based soil moisture sensor
is formed.
Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors - bet 9

Technol., vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 911–917, Sep. 2020, doi:
10.4314/NJT.V39I3.33.
[13]
I. Setyowati, D. Novianto, and E. Purnomo, “Preliminary
design
and soil moisture sensor yl-69 calibration
for implementation of
smart irrigation,”
J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1517, no. 1, May 2020,
doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1517/1/012078.
[14]
G. S. Campbell
et al., “Method A: Soil-Specific Calibrations For
Meter
Soil
Moisture
Sensors,”
metergroup,
2023.
http://publications.metergroup.com/Sales and Support/METER
Environment/Website
Articles/Method_a_soil_specific_calibrations_for_meter_soil_mo
isture_sensors.pdf (accessed Aug. 22, 2023).
[15]
K. Iriyanta, B. Purnomosidi, and W. Andriyani, “IoT-Based Soil
Moisture Monitoring And Soil Moisture
Prediction Using Linear
Regression ( Case Study of Vinca Plants ),”
Journal-of-Intelligent-
Software-Systems-2962-7702, vol. 2, no. 1, 2023, doi:
10.26798/jiss.v2i1.929.
[16]
E. Ostertagová, “Modelling
using polynomial regression,”
Procedia
Eng.,
vol.
48,
pp.
500–506,
2012,
doi:
10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.545.
View
publication stats
Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors - bet 5

JAIC
e-ISSN: 2548-6861
Re-Calibration of Model-Based Capacitive Sensor for IoT Soil Moisture Measurements
(Iman Setiawan, Mohammad Dahlan Th. Musa, Saskia Amalia Putri)
153
air dry conditions for 1000 ml of soil. The dry soil
measurement is then used as
𝑚
𝑑𝑟𝑦
.
The next step is that measurements are carried out at five
levels
of increase in water volume, namely air dry, 100 ml,
200 ml, 300 ml and 400 ml. For each increase in water
volume, measurements are also
carried out using an IoT-
based soil moisture sensor. The results of the gravimetric test
experiment are as follows.
T
ABLE
3.
G
RAVIMETRIC
T
EST
Table 3 shows that the greater the soil + container weights,
the smaller the sensor measurement. The same pattern was
also obtained for volumetric soil moisture content (
𝜃
𝑣
). The
𝜃
𝑣
value is obtained using
𝜌
𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
=
0.57. To obtain predictions
of soil moisture, the
𝜃
𝑣
and sensor
measurement values are
then modelled into the linear and polynomial regression
models.
C. Model
Volumetric soil moisture content and raw sensor data were
analyzed using linear regression and polynomial regression
models. The volumetric soil moisture
content becomes the
response variable (y) and raw soil moisture sensor data
becomes the predictor variable (x). Adjusted R Squared is
then carried out for each model as follows:
T
ABLE
4
M
ODEL
S
ELECTION
Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors - bet 8

JAIC
e-ISSN: 2548-6861
Re-Calibration of Model-Based Capacitive Sensor for IoT Soil Moisture Measurements
(Iman Setiawan, Mohammad Dahlan Th. Musa, Saskia Amalia Putri)
155
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the Leaders of Tadulako
University, the Head of LPPM Tadulako University and the
Dean of Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences who
have funded this research and provided insight and expertise
that greatly assisted the research.
R
EFERENCES
[1]
E. A. A. D. Nagahage, I. S. P. Nagahage, and T. Fujino,
“Calibration and validation of a low-cost capacitive moisture
sensor to integrate the automated soil moisture monitoring system,”
Agric.,
vol.
9,
no.
7,
Jul.
2019,
doi:
10.3390/AGRICULTURE9070141.
[2]
L. Chen
et al., “Data-Driven Calibration of Soil Moisture Sensor
Considering Impacts of Temperature:
A Case Study on FDR
Sensors,” 2019, doi: 10.3390/s19204381.
[3]
B. P. C. Silva, D. Tassinari, M. L. N. Silva, B. M. Silva, N. Curi,
and H. R. da Rocha, “Nonlinear models for soil moisture sensor
calibration in tropical mountainous soils,”
Sci. Agric., vol. 79, no.
4, 2022, doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0253.
[4]
J. Brenner, G. Genova, G. Bertoldi, G. Niedrist, and S.
Della
Chiesa, “SWCalibrateR: Interactive, Web – Based Calibration of
Soil Moisture Sensors,”
J. Open Res. Softw., vol. 7, pp. 1–7, 2019,
doi: 10.5334/JORS.254.
[5]
I. Setiawan, J. Junaidi, F. Fadjryani, and F. R. Amaliah, “Automatic
Plant Watering System for Local Red Onion Palu using Arduino,”
J. Online Inform., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 28–37, Jun. 2022, doi:
10.15575/JOIN.V7I1.813.
[6]
I. Setiawan, Junaidi, Fadjryani, and F. R. Amaliah,
Mobile App for
Plant Watering System with Verticulture Planting Technique.
Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-
228-6.
[7]
R
Core Team, “R: A Language and Environment for Statistical
Computing.” Vienna, Austria, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.r-project.org/
[8]
W. Chang
et al., “shiny: Web Application Framework for R.” 2022.
[Online]. Available: https://shiny.rstudio.com/
[9]
M. Pramanik
et al., “Automation of
soil moisture sensor-based
basin irrigation system,”
Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 2, Dec. 2022,
doi: 10.1016/J.ATECH.2021.100032.
[10]
A. Shukla
et al., “Soil Moisture Estimation using Gravimetric
Technique and FDR Probe Technique : A Comparative Analysis,”
no. January, pp. 89–92, 2014.
[11]
J. Hrisko, “Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor Theory, Calibration,
and Testing,” 2020, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36214.83522.
[12]
V. Ogwo, K. N. Ogbu, C. C. Anyadike, O. A. Nwoke, and C. C.
Mbajiorgu, “Development and testing of a capacitive digital soil
moisture sensor with printed
circuit board as a probe,”
Niger. J.
Volum
e of - Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors

e-ISSN: 2548-6861
JAIC Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2023: 150 – 155
154
Figure 4. Output Panel of Re-calibration Application
Figure
4 shows that polynomial regression order 3 is the
best model with coefficients b
0
=2.43, b
1
=-0.0166, b
2
=4.1 x
10
-5
dan b
3
=3.4 x 10
-8
. The results of the Re-Calibration
application are the same as the previous manual
modelling
process. In the scatter plot there is also a gray background
color which is the 95% confidence interval in the actual soil
volumetric water content (VWC) estimation results.
Coefficient model configuration on IoT application.
double soilMoistureValue = 0;
double soilMoisturePredict = 0;
double b0=2.43;
double b1=0.0166;
double b2=0.000041;
double b3=0.000000034;
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
soilMoistureValue = analogRead(A0); //put Sensor
insert into soil
soilMoisturePredict = b0-
b1*soilMoistureValue+b2*soilMoistureValue*soilMoistur
eValue-
b3*soilMoistureValue*soilMoistureValue*soilMoistureVa
lue;
}
The calibration results are then programmed into a
Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor as in Figure 5 so that a
model-based capacitive soil moisture sensor is obtained. After
that, the prediction results are displayed on the Blynk
application so that soil moisture can be monitored on a mobile
phone. The results of the soil moisture prediction simulation
and monitoring display on the mobile phone are as follows:
Figure 5. Model-based capacitive soil moisture prediction
Figure 6 shows that the model-based capacitive sensor that
has been recalibrated can follow the pattern of gravimetric test
results (actual) better than the capacitive soil moisture sensor
with factory settings. Figure 6 shows the relationship pattern
between predictions and raw sensor data following an
exponential pattern. The predicted value of soil moisture is in
the range 0 – 1.2 for raw sensor data values of 100 – 530. This
range is then used to configure value limits on the mobile
phone display.
The model selection process for re-calibration capacitive
soil moisture sensors becomes easier with a web-based
application. The application will automatically carry out
calculations related to the gravimetric test. The results of the
modelling can be used to make predictions of soil moisture so
that soil moisture measurement can be done via mobile phone
in real time.
This application can be used on any soil types and sensors
other than capacitive sensors. It's just that there are a few
things to consider. First, the re-calibration application was set
up based on gravimetric experiments at 4 levels of increasing
water volume with 100 ml intervals. Second, because of this,
the polynomial order that can best be used is 3. Lastly,
measurements are made using grams unit.
Model 
Adjusted - Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors

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Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authorsBog'liq 01#Повторная калибровка модельного емкостного датчика для измерения влажности почвы IoTModel
Adjusted
R Squared
Linear Regression
0.821
Polynomial Regression Order 2
0.927
Polynomial Regression Order 3
0.945
Table 4 shows that polynomial regression order 3 has the
highest Adjusted R Squared value. Adjusted R Squared of
0.945 means that 94.5% of the variation in volumetric soil
moisture content can be explained by the model. The
polynomial regression order 3 equation is then used to predict
soil moisture.
D. Re-calibration Application
Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried
out, an interactive web application is assemble using the shiny
package in R. An interactive web application uses an event
observation system, namely specific actions that must be
taken from the user before calculating an expression, on the
analyze button. The web application can be accessed and used
on pages that have links:
https://statisticsontraining1.shinyapps.io/soilmoisture/
.
The re-calibration application algorithm to produce the best
model is as follows.
Figure 2. Algorithm for recalibration application
Figure 2 shows the stages of the gravimetric test results
modelling process. Recalibration will use gravimetric test
input to produce the best model coefficients that will be used
for capacitive sensor recalibration. The input panel display is
as follows:
Figure 3. Input Panel of Re-calibration Application
Figure 3 shows that the input panel on the web dashboard
application divided into three columns. The first column is to
calculate the gravimetric water content in dry soil sample. The
second column is the mass of the soil (g) to the increase in
water volume. The third column is the raw data of the soil
moisture sensor (v). At the bottom, there is an analyze button
which will trigger the modelling process. The output panel
display is as follows:
Start
End
Data
Linear Model
Regression
Quadratic Model
Regression
Gravimetric
Equations
Model Selection
using Adjusted
R Squared
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O‘ZBEKISTONDA - O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali

|
O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnaliBog'liq Dilnoza Babaraximova O‘ZBEKISTONDA
FANLARARO
INNOVATSIYALAR
VA
18-
SON
ILMIY
TADQIQOTLAR
JURNALI
20.04.2023
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:
1. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2022-yil 28-yanvardagi “2022-2026-
yillarga mo‘ljallangan yangi O‘zbekistonning taraqqiyot strategiyasini tasdiqlash
to‘g‘risida”gi PF-60-son Farmoni.
2. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoevning 2020 yil 24
yanvarda Oliy Majlisga yo‘llagan Murojaatnomasi.
3. D. Babaraximova,Ta`lim tizimida axborot texnologiyalarini qo’llashning
ilmiypedagogik masalalari; 6 – tom 3 – son / 2022 - yil / 15 – mart
https://bestpublication.org/index.php/pedg/issue/view/81
4.
D.
Babaraximova,O‘qituvchilarning
akt
sohasida
vakolatlarini
takomillashtirishda uzluksiz ta`lim : muammolari va ba`zi yechimlari.2023-yil.
https://unionedu.ru/index.php/use/issue/view/1
5.https://uza.uz/oz/politics/zbekiston-respublikasi-prezidenti-shavkat-
mirziyeevningoliy-25-01-2020.
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O‘ZBEKISTONDA - O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali

|
O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnaliBog'liq Dilnoza Babaraximova O‘ZBEKISTONDA
FANLARARO
INNOVATSIYALAR
VA
18-
SON
ILMIY
TADQIQOTLAR
JURNALI
20.04.2023
internetdan foydalanishga sharoiti yetarli. Qolgan davlatlarda bu ko‘rsatkich ancha
past. Shu o‘rinda, O‘zbekiston Respublikasida ham bu ko‘rsatkich yuqori darajada
emas. Bunga sabab esa chekka hududlarda Internet infratuzilmasining yaxshi
rivojlanmaganligidir. Bu esa ayrim
mutaxassislar taxmin qilayotganidek, taʼlim sifati tushib ketishiga sabab bo‘lishi
mumkin [2].
Xo‘sh, shu o‘rinda savol tug‘iladi. Biz raqamlashtirishga tayyormizmi?
Xavf-xatarni oldindan ko‘ra bilish, uning natija hamda oqibatlarini to‘g‘ri baholay
olish vaziyatdan talafotsiz chiqib ketishni taʼminlaydi. Dunyoda pandemiya tarqalishi
ortidan mamlakatimizda iqtisodiyot, sog‘liqni saqlash,xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalari
singari taʼlim jarayoni uzluksizligini taʼminlash uchun ham kerakli choralar ko‘rildi.
Xususan, shu yilning
2020- yil 17 martida Prezidentimizning “Toshkent shahrida raqamli
texnologiyalarni
keng joriy etish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi qarori qabul qilinib,mazkur qarorda
taʼlimning barcha sohalarini raqamlashtirish bo‘yicha aniq vazifalar belgilab berildi.
Shu yil 23 martdan talabalar uchun televizion darslar efirga uzatila boshladii.
Bundan tashqari, bir nechta oliy taʼlim muassasalari talabalar va o‘quvchilar uchun
virtual taʼlim tizimlarini ishga tushirdi. Masalan, Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Toshkent
davlat o‘zbek tili va adabiyoti universitetida “O‘quv jarayonini tashkil etish va
boshqarish” axborot tizimi hamda MOODLE masofaviy taʼlim platformasi ishga
tushirildi. Boshqa oliy taʼlim muassasalarining rasmiy veb-saytlarida ham MOODLE,
Platonus, Moodle LMS, SRS (Student Records System), MOOC kabi masofaviy taʼlim
platformalari hamda mobil telefon va planshetlar uchun Google Classroom, Ereader
ilovalari ishga tushirilib onlayn darslar tashkil qilinishi boshlandi. Shular qatori,
Toshkent moliya institutida ham qisqa muddat ichida “remote-education” masofaviy
taʼlim platformasining dasturiy taʼminoti ishlab chiqildi va amaliyotga joriy qilindi.
Yurtimizdagi nufuzli xususiy o‘quv markazlari ham zamon talabidan kelib
chiqqan holda onlayn taʼlimni yo‘lga qo‘ydi. Bu jarayonning o‘zi ham mamlakatimiz
taʼlim tizimida yangi bosqich boshlanganini anglatadi.Sababi, shu kungacha hali hech
bir o‘quv markazi bunday tartibga o‘ta olmayotgan edi.
Taʼlim tizimi bugungi kunda raqamli texnologiyalarga singib ketayotgani
shunchaki hayratlanarli emas, chunki, bugungi kunda axborot makonida taklif
etilayotgan ko‘plab narsalarni jiddiy tahlil qilish va pedagogik o’rganish uchun asos
bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. So‘nggi yillarda taʼlimni «raqamlashtirish” muammolari, uning
shakllanishiga taʼsiri bo‘yicha biror-bir davlat loyihasi yoki so‘rovnoma asosida
tadqiqotlar o‘tkazilmaganligi
ham muhimdir [3]. Shu bilan birga, Internet tizimidagi muhitning yoshlar ongiga
taʼsirining ahamiyati hukumatning, zamonaviy ommaviy axborot vositalarining
maʼruzalarida,
pedagogik
jamoatchilik
muhokamalarida,magistrant
va
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Figure 9-2 - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

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Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1
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Figure 9-2
The success message, displayed below in Figure 9-3, should show that the user was successfully added.
Figure 9-3
Setup Anonymous FTP
Anonymous FTP accounts will be created by the user if he wishes to allow his customers to ftp to his server without the use of a username or password.
NOTE: This option is a security risk as it does not limit the amount or type of data uploaded to the server.
To enable Anonymous FTP, enter the path to the directory for which you wish to allow anonymous ftp access. Figure 9-4 below shows an example of the form.
Anonymous FTP Directory – This option sets the FTP home directory for anonymous access. The user will only be able to see the directories and files below the Anonymous FTP Directory. Meaning the Anonymous FTP user will have root access to the virtual server. If the user puts “/www/htdocs” then the FTP user will have access only to /www/htdocs, and nothing above it.
Figure 9-4
The success message, displayed below in Figure 9-5, should show that the Anonymous ftp directory was successfully added.
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Figure 9-7 - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

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Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1
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Figure 9-7
Once a username file is selected, the user will see the Real Name and Home Directory fields populated. Figure 9-8 below shows examples of the fields.
Password – Insert a new password to change the password for the selected FTP account. As in any web service, the password MUST be between 6 and 8 characters, and SHOULD contain letters and numbers. Do not set this to anything simple such as love, password, or 123456 for security reasons.
Real Name – Modify the user’s real name for tracking purposes.
Home Directory – Modify the current FTP home directory for the user. This user will only be able to see the directories and files below the Home Directory. Meaning, if the user puts “/” in the Home Directory input box, then that FTP user will have root access to the virtual server.
Allowed Services – There are three options for this field. The Both pop and ftp option will enable the user to use this account for both FTP access and email. The Pop Email option will delete the account for FTP access and allow it to be used only for Email. The FTP access option allows the account to be used for FTP access only.
Figure 9-8
Delete User
This feature removes the selected username from the drop down menu. At that time, the user will no longer have access to FTP to the account. Please note that if this was also an Email Account (or POP email account), then this service has also been deleted.
Usage Detail
This feature shows the disk usage for the directory that the FTP user has access to. Figure 9-9 below shows an example of the directories that are listed in a specific user’s account. This interface shows the results in the kilobyte size, and the full path to the directory that contains the disk usage.
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Figure 9-9
 Edit FTP Login Message

Figure 9-9
Edit FTP Login Message
This option will enable the user to display a customized message whenever someone utilizes FTP access to their server. The message will be displayed in the user’s FTP client. Figure 9-10 below shows an example of what a user can input into this screen.
FTP Directory – Name of the directory the user wants to have a customized login message.
Message – The message the user wishes to display when someone utilizes FTP access to the specified directory.
Figure 9-10
To remove the customized message, the user will need to select the previously entered FTP directory and leave the Message field blank. Then, click the Update button.
Additional Services
This section will allow users to order or manage additional services, and allow users to see what specials and additional services that AIT has recently added.
Order
In this section, users will be able to order or request additional services. Some of these services are free, while others are paid; however, they will require the user to move through the SMT to another location to order the service.
Figure 10-1 below shows an example of the interface. Services such as telnet or cron jobs can be requested, along with ordering the Anti-Spam service and other paid for services.
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Figure 8-27 - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

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Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1
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Figure 8-27
The user should click the “View Aliases” button, and the results will be displayed at the bottom of the page in the Results table shown in Figure 8-28.
Figure 8-28
To remove an Email Forward or Alias, simply click on an alias. Figure 8-29 below shows the results displayed after a Forward is removed.
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Figure 8-29
 Reset Anti-Relay Data File

Figure 8-29
Reset Anti-Relay Data File
This feature ties directly to AIT’s relay ruleset. AIT’s system of POP and SMTP services follows procedures so that a user’s POP or SMTP server cannot be exploited and used to send Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE, otherwise known as spam). AIT’s SMTP servers are setup to give a Relaying Denied error, which is a global error that can be given by any SMTP server, or a dial up access provider. If a user receives a Relaying Denied message when attempting to send email, ensure that the user has checked their email (typically called popping for mail) before attempting to send email. If a user does this, the server will record the IP address/location where the user is dialed up FROM. This lets the server know that you are a valid user and you have authenticated with a valid username and password from the POP server.
This IP address is written into /etc/mail/relay-domains file on the Virtual Server. When you attempt to send email, the SMTP server will view the contents of this file, and find the IP address that the user is connected to and verify that this IP is the same one that is being used to send email. If so, the server will send email. If not, the sender will receive a relaying denied error.
Each night at midnight eastern time, the /etc/mail/relay-domains file is set back to nothing, or zero’ed out. The feature of resetting this file manually during the day ensures that the contents of this file are cleared.
Figure 8-30 below shows the results of clicking the link to reset the file.
Figure 8-30
Remove Auto Responders
Removing an auto responder or email responder is as simple as inputting the username portion of the email address in the form, and clicking the remove button.
Spam Prevention Tool
This tool allows users to block email from unwanted addresses. The address input box, shown in Figure 8-31, can contain a variety of entries specifying whose email the user wishes to refuse, including the following:
User Address: user@host.com
Host or Domain Name: host01.spam.com OR spam.com
IP Address: 123.123.123.123
Figure 8-31
Upon addition of an email address, IP address or host name, the results will display, as seen in Figure 8-32 below.
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Figure 8-32
 FTP Services - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

Figure 8-32
FTP Services
FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, services are for users who wish to upload data to the server. Usually, this data is web files for websites, such as images (i.e. .jpg or .gif files) or HTML, Perl or PHP files. This section will help users create, and manage FTP options, including adding FTP users, anonymous FTP access, and welcome messages.
The main screen of the FTP services section is the “Add” interface, and should look something like what is displayed in Figure 9-1.
Figure 9-1
Create FTP Account(s)
To create an FTP account, simply click on the Create FTP Account link and complete the form, displayed in Figure 9-2 below. Complete the form displayed, including the following information in the form.
Username – This is the username, between 3 and 8 characters, which the user will connect with. The username should be in all lower case, and must be unique to the virtual server.
Domain Name – This should be the domain name that the FTP account is for.
Real Name – This section should include the user’s real name for tracking purposes.
Password – As in any web service, the password MUST be between 6 and 8 characters, and SHOULD contain letters and numbers. For security reasons, do not use passwords like love, password, or 123456 for security reasons.
Confirm Password – This MUST match the password from above.
POP3 Mail Enabled – This option sets the FTP account as a POP3 or POP email account. This can be seen in the Manage Email Accounts section.
FTP Home Directory – This option sets the FTP home directory for the user. This user will only be able to see the directories and files below the Home Directory. Meaning, if the user puts “/” in the Home Directory input box, then that FTP user will have root access to the virtual server. If the user puts “/www/htdocs” then the FTP user will have access only to /www/htdocs, and nothing above it. For FTP access for virtual host domains, it is recommended to use /www/htdocs/vhdir where vhdir is the directory name for the virtual host domain name.
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O‘ZBEKISTONDA - O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali

|
O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnaliBog'liq Dilnoza Babaraximova O‘ZBEKISTONDA
FANLARARO
INNOVATSIYALAR
VA
18-
SON
ILMIY
TADQIQOTLAR
JURNALI
20.04.2023
3)masofaviy taʼlim va pedagogik kadrlar malakasini oshirish tarmog‘initashkil
etish;
4)tezkor axborot almashinuvi;
5)taʼlimdagi sheriklarning, bu talaba, o‘quvchi, o‘qituvchi, ilmiy xodim bo‘lishidan
qatʼiy nazar, ularga o‘zaro fikr almashinish ko‘nikmalarini hosil qilishni, muomala
madaniyatini va o‘z fikr-mulohazalarini tez, lo‘nda va aniq ifoda etishni o‘rgatish;
6)madaniy, etnik, insonparvarlikning keng qamrovli ijobiy axborotlari bilan fikr
almashinish natijasida yoshlarning madaniy va ijtimoiy qobiliyati va layoqatini
o‘stirish[3].
Taʼlim jarayonida axborot texnologiyalarini qo‘llashda talabalarni faqatgina
ekrandagi axborotlarni ko‘rishiga va ularni qabul qilishgagina emas, balki ularning
o‘zlari ham bu jarayonda ijodiy ishtirok etishlariga o‘rgatishimiz lozim. Taʼlimning
didaktik xossalari bilan bog‘langan yashirin imkoniyatlar olamini bevosita kompyuter
telekommu -nikatsiyalari bilan bog‘lash bu taʼlim sohasida zamonaviy va istiqbolli
maqsadlarga ega.
Didaktik funksiya sifatida biz o‘quv-tarbiyaviy jarayonda maʼlum bir maqsadlarda
qo‘llanilayotgan taʼlim vositalarining tashqi xossalari namoyonini tushunamiz.
.Tadqiqot usullari sifatida oliy taʼlimda raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etishga
ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvni shakllantirishga tegishli xulosalar tuzishda normativ
hujjatlarni,
mavjud
bo‘lgan
amaliyotni
o‘rganish,
tizimlashtirish
va
umumlashtirishdan foydalanildi.
Shuni alohida taʼkidlash kerakki, “COVID-2019” pandemiyasi barcha sohalar
singari taʼlim tizimiga ham o‘z taʼsirini o‘tkazdi, jumladan bog‘cha,maktab va oliy taʼlim
muassasalarining barchasi ommaviy ravishda muddatidan oldin taʼtilga chiqishdi.
UNESCO ning maʼlumotiga ko‘ra, dunyo bo‘yicha 1,7 milliard o‘quvchilar darslar
to‘xtatilgani sabab anʼanaviy o‘qishdan mahrum bo‘lishdi. Yuzdan ortiq
mamlakatlarda universitetlarning yopilishi dunyo talabalarining 90 foizini uyda
o‘tirishga majbur qildi.
2020-yil 3 martga kelib UNESCO 13 ta mamlakatda taʼlim muassasalarining
vaqtincha
yopilishi oqibatida 290,5 million o‘quvchi va talaba o‘qishdan uzilib qolganini
maʼlum qildi va ularni masofaviy taʼlimga o‘tishga chaqirdi.
Maʼlumotlarga ko‘ra, o’tkan davrdagi pandemiya sabab taʼlim muassasalarini
yopgan mamlakatlarning 60 foizigina to‘liq raqamli taʼlimga o‘tgan.
Baʼzi xalqaro ekspertlar onlayn taʼlimga to‘liq o‘tib bo‘lmasligi, bu jarayonga
muammoli vaziyatdan chiqish yo‘li sifatida qarash lozimligini, aks holda
taʼlim sifati tushib ketishini taʼkidlasa, baʼzilar zamonaviy taʼlim uchun
yangi davr boshlanganini takidlamoqda. Ayrim davlatlar ziyolilari esa
masofaviy taʼlimga qamrab olishda taʼminot masalasini ilgari surmoqda.
Internet manbalarida xabar berilishicha, bugungi kunda atigi o‘nga yaqin
davlatdagi talabalarning 95 foizida kompyuter bor. Indoneziyada esa 34 foiz yoshning
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No 
Authors - Article · December 23 doi: 10. 30871/jaic v7 6809 citations read authors

e-ISSN: 2548-6861
JAIC Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2023: 150 – 155
152
Table 1 shows that although using different types of soil
and sensors, in general gravimetric tests are carried out by
calculating soil volume (cm
3
), container weight, mass of the
dry soil (g), bulk density (g/cm
3
), mass of the wet soil (g) and
raw sensor data (v). The difference in the gravimetric test is
whether the gravimetric soil moisture content (θ
g
) is done
iteratively [10], [12] or without iteration [11], [13], [14] . If
it’s done iteratively, the bulk density (𝜌
𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
) will be
recalculated for each increase in the volume of water in the
soil. Conversely, without iteration, bulk density (
𝜌
𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
) is only
calculated once using a soil sample and then used for each
increase in the volume of water in the soil. In this research,
we use gravimetric test without iterations because it provides
efficiency in the measurement process without sacrificing the
quality of the test results.
B. Regression Model
Data from the gravimetric test results were then analysed
using a soil moisture sensor as the independent variable and
volumetric soil moisture content as the dependent variable.
The model to be used is based on following a linear or
quadratic pattern.
Lot of time and cost required make it impossible to
calibrate the soil moisture sensor at all levels of increasing
water volume. The output value of the soil moisture sensor,
for all levels of increasing water volume, is obtained based on
the predicted value of the linear or non-linear models. The
linear model (linear regression) will provide a prediction of
the maximum voltage generated by the soil moisture sensor
so that soil moisture can be calibrated using a percentage
ratio. Linear regression models are very often used for
modelling soil moisture as has been done by [15]. The linear
model to be used is as follows:
𝑦
̂
= 𝛽
0
+ 𝛽
1
𝑥
1
+ 𝜀
(3)
The non-linear model will provide predictions of soil
moisture by assuming the soil moisture sensor voltage varies
during time the sensor is used. The non-linear model that will
be used in this study is a polynomial model with order 2 and
3. The polynomial model is as follows
𝑦
̂
= 𝛽
0
+ 𝛽
1
𝑥
1
+ 𝛽
2
𝑥
1
2
+ 𝛽
3
𝑥
1
3
+ 𝜀
(4)
The model results will then be evaluated using R squared
(
𝑅
2
). Considering that the number of observed samples in the
gravimetric test is small, the adjusted R squared is used. The
adjusted R squared equation is as follows [16].
𝑅
2
= 1 −
∑
(
𝑦
𝑖
−𝑦
̂
𝑖
)
2
𝑛
𝑖=1
∑
(
𝑦
𝑖
−𝑦
̅)
2
𝑛
𝑖=1
(5)
𝑅
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑
2
= 𝑅
2
−
(1−𝑅
2
)𝑘
𝑛−(𝑘+1)
(6)
O‘ZBEKISTONDA - O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali

|
O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnaliBog'liq Dilnoza Babaraximova O‘ZBEKISTONDA
FANLARARO
INNOVATSIYALAR
VA
18-
SON
ILMIY
TADQIQOTLAR
JURNALI
20.04.2023
tadqiqotchilarning, shuningdek deputatlarning izlanishlarida ham ko‘rishimiz
mumkin.
Shuni alohida taʼkidlash kerakki, oldin raqamli texnologiyalarni barcha
sohalarda, yaʼni, sanoat, iqtisodiyot, bank va boshqa sohalarda joriy etish bilan
cheklanib qolgan edik. Bugungi kunda esa raqamli iqtisodiyot shiddat bilan rivojlanib
borayotganini eʼtiborga olib, raqamli rivojlanish bo‘yicha barcha soha rahbarlarining
o‘rinbosarlari lavozim
tarkibiga kiritilmoqda. Raqamlashtirish yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha faollashtirish barcha
biznes tuzilmalarida amalga oshirilmoqda. Bugungi kunda raqamli texnologiyalar
barcha sohalarda “tajovuzkor”, ayniqsa iqtisodiy samarasi topilgan joylarda, barcha
darajalarda qo‘llab-quvvatlanmoqda[4].
Iqtisodiyotda ro‘y berayotgan jarayonlar dinamikasi iqtisodiyotning raqamli
transformatsiyasida oliy taʼlimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha takliflarni tahlil qilish va
ishlab chiqishda taʼlim hamjamiyatining faol pozitsiyasini talab qilmoqda.
Taʼlmda raqamli texnologiyalarni o‘qitish sifatini saqlab qolgan holda samarali
qo‘llash uchun nimalar qilish kerak? Birinchidan, albatta mamlakatimizda Internet
infratuzilmasini yaxshilashimiz, mobil operatorlar tomonidan ko‘rsatilayotgan
xizmatlar sifatini oshirishimiz va eng muhiki aholining, ayniqsa talaba yoshlarni
zamonaviy
axborotkommunikatsiya
texnologiyalarining
so‘ng
yutuqlarini
o‘zlashtirishga shartsharoitlar hamda imtiyozlar yaratib berishimiz lozim.
Ikkinchidan, o‘quv jarayonini tashkil etishda raqamli texnologiyalardan
foydalanish ko‘lamini kengaytirish va axborot resurslari, o‘qitish vositalari va
masofaviy o‘qitish texnologiyalarini rivojlantirish, ijodkor talabalarni universitetni
raqamlashtirish loyihalariga jalb qilish bilan oliy taʼlim muassasalari faoliyatini
tartibga soluvchi normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarga o‘zgartirish kiritish bo‘yicha vakolatli
organlarga takliflar berish, yuqori samaradorlikka ega raqamli qurilmalar bilan
jihozlangan tuzilmalar, o‘quv xonalari, laboratoriyalar,mediastudiyalar va boshqalarni
o‘z ichiga olgan markazlarni tashkil etish
hamda unda orttirilgan tajribani O‘zbekistonning barcha oliy taʼlim
muassasalarida qo‘llash.
Uchinchidan, zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari va taʼlim
texnologiyalarining mustahkam integratsiyasini taʼminlash, bu borada pedagog
kadrlarning kasbiy mahoratini uzluksiz rivojlantirib borish uchun qo‘shimcha
sharoitlar yaratish.
To‘rtinchidan, interfaol taqdimot tizimlaridan foydalanish, maʼruza va seminar
darslari uchun internet bilan bog‘liq holda interfaol va multimediali taqdimotlarni
ishlab chiqish kabi mavzular bo‘yicha o‘qituvchilarning malakasini oshirish uchun
kurslarni tashkil qilish va o‘tkazish.
Beshinchidan, real vaqt rejimida interfaol taqdimot tizimlari,video-
konferensaloqa tizimlari, virtual zallar, elektron resurslardan foydalanib istalgan
vaqtda masofaviy o‘qitish jarayonini amalga oshirish.
|
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Figure 8-25 - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

Upon completion of the action, the Result will display at the bottom of the screen, as seen in Figure 8-26.
Figure 8-26 View Aliases
This option allows users to view the Email Forwards or Email Aliases already in place. Once the View Aliases link is clicked, the user will see Figure 8-27.
O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali

O‘zbekistonda fanlararo innovatsiyalar va 18- son ilmiy tadqiqotlar jurnali
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3. Mavzu: Noana’naviy energiya manbalariga qurilgan energetik obyektlar

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Dunyodagi eng katta biomassa yoquvchi

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Dunyodagi eng katta biomassa yoquvchiBog'liq 3. MavzuDunyodagi eng katta biomassa yoquvchi
elektrostansiya
«Alholmens Kraft Ab» nomli Finlandiya kompaniyasi 550 MW issiqlik energiyasi hamda 240
MW elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqaruvchi dunyodagi eng katta biomassa yoquvchi stansiyani ishga
tushirdi.
Stansiya asosan yog‘och qoldiqlari va torf yoqilg‘ilaridan foydalanadi
Stansiya 1 soatda 1000 m3 bioyoqilg‘ini yoqib energiya oladi. Yoqilg‘i yoqiladigan qozonning
pastki (asosi) diametri 8,5 m va 40 m balandlikdagi yuqori diametri 24 m ni tashkil qiladi.
Stansiyani bioyoqilg‘i bilan ta’minlash uchun 1 kunda 120 dona yuk tashish mashinalaridan
foydalaniladi. Stansiya yoqilg‘i sifatida toshko‘mirdan ham foydalanishi mumkin [14].
Hozirgi kunda insoniyat tomonidan noana’naviy va qayta tiklanuvchi energiya m anbalaridan
energiya ishlab chiqaruvchi xilmaxil qurilm alar va usullar ishlab chiqilmoqda. Oddiy suv va
shamol g‘ildiraklaridan foydalanib energiya olishdan boshlangan ushbu yo‘nalishda kvantli
tezlatgichlar bilan jihozlangan turbinalardan foydalanilmoqda.
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Dunyoda eng katta quvvatli shamol elektrostansiyasi

Dunyoda eng katta quvvatli shamol elektrostansiyasi 2009-yilning kuzida «E.ON Climate and Renewables» kompaniyasi tomonidan AQShning Texas
shtati markaziy qismida joylashgan Rosko shahri yonida, dunyoda eng quvvatli «Roscoe Wind
Farm» shamol energoqurilmalari parki ishga tushirildi [14]. «Roscoe Wind Farm» shamol
energoqurilmalari parkidagi har birining quvvati 1,25 MW bo‘lgan 627 ta shamol
energoqurilmalari 400 km 2 maydonga o‘rnatilgan bo‘lib, umumiy quvvati 781,5 MW ga teng (12-
rasm).
«Roscoe Wind Farm» shamol energoqurilmalari parkigacha eng katta
quvvatli- shamol energoqurilmalari parki «Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center» hisoblangan.
AQShning Dallas shahridan 160 km uzoqlikdagi 190 km2 maydonga o‘rnatilgan 394 dona shamol
turbinalarining umumiy quvvati 735,5 MW ni tashkil qiladi. Ulardan 1,5 MW li 291 dona turbina
«General Electric» firmasi tomonidan, 2,3 MW li 103 dona turbina «Siemens» firmasi tomonidan
ishlab chiqarilgan.
Dunyoda eng katta quvvatli offshor shamol elektrostansiyasi 2009-yilning sentabr oyida, Shimoliy dengizning Daniyadagi Yulian diya yarimoroli
qirg‘oqlarida. 91 dona shamol energoqurilmalaridan tashkil topgan dunyoda eng quvvatli «Horns
Rev-2» offshor shamol elektrostansiyasi ishga tushirildi [14], «Siemens» kompaniyasi ishlab
chiqargan har bir shamol energoqurilmalarining quvvati 2,3 MW ga, «Horns Rev-2» offshor
shamol elektrostansiyasining umumiy quvvati esa 209,3 MW ga teng. Shamol energoqurilmalari
dengiz suvi sathiga nisbatan 114,5 m balandlikka o‘rnatilgan (13-rasm).«Horns Rev-2» offshor
shamol elektrostansiyasigacha dunyoda eng katta offshor shamol elektrostansiyasi qirg‘oqdan 5,2
km uzoqda hamda Angliyaning Linkolnshir grafligidagi Skegness shahri yaqinida joylashgan
«Lynn and Inner Dowsing» shamol energoqurilmalari parki hisoblanardi. Shamol
energoqurilmalari parki «Siemens» kompaniyasi ishlab chiqargan, har biri 3,6 MW quvvatga ega
bo‘lgan 54 dona shamol turbinalaridan tashkil topgan. Shamol energoqurilmalari parkining
umumiy quvvati 194,4 MW ga teng bo‘lib, ular dengiz suvi sathidan 107 m balandlikka
o‘rnatilgan. Energoqurilmalarning minorasi dengiz tubiga qoqilgan qoziq-fundamentlarga
o‘rnatiladi. Qoziq-fundamentlarni o‘rnatish uchun maxsus kema qurilgan. Kema chayqalmasdan
ishlashi uchun, dengiz tubiga tayanadigan 6 dona gidravlik tayanch bilan jihozlangan. Offshor
shamol energoqurilmalari o‘rnatiladigan suvning chuqurligi 30 m dan oshmaydi.
Figure 9-5
Disable Anonymous FTP - Smt 1 User’s Guide (Linux Version) Server Management Tool (smt) 1

Figure 9-5
Disable Anonymous FTP
To disable an Anonymous FTP account, the user will need to input the path of the current Anonymous FTP Directory. Click the button labeled “Disable”. This will disable anonymous access to the specified directory.
Manage (FTP Services)
The Manage FTP Accounts section enables you to modify the password, delete, or view disk usage details for existing ftp accounts. The screen below in Figure 9-6 shows the default screen that is displayed under Manage.
Figure 9-6
Manage FTP Accounts
To modify the password for an existing FTP account, the user will select the ftp username from the drop down box. The user must already exist. Then, select the button labeled “Modify User”. The user will then modify the form fields based on the desired changes to the ftp account. Figure 9-7 below shows the form fields that are displayed.
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