nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
NAZORAT SAVOLLARI - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

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«elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»
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bet | 59/71 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,27 Mb. | | #140050 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-2021NAZORAT SAVOLLARI
Elektr energiyani hisobga olish tizimi deganda nimani tushunasiz?
Hisobga olish asosiy tizimlari nimalardan tashkil topgan?
Elektr energiyani markazlashgan hisobga olishning qanday asosiy tizimlari mavjud?
ENBAT nima?
ENBAT ni tatbiq etish qanday imkoniyatlarni beradi?
Issiqlik energiyasini hisobga olish va rostlash.
13-mavzu: Energetika menejmentning maqsadi, funktsiyalari va uni tashkillashtirish
Reja:
13.1. Energetik menejmentning maqsadi, funktsiyalari va tashkillashtirish.
13.2. Energiyadan foydalanish samaradorligini oshirishning yo’nalishlari:
Tayanch iboralar: boshqarish, menejment, audit, energitik balans, boshqaruv tizimi, energiya iste’moli, texnik vosita, iste’molni boshqarish, energitik menejment, energiya yo’qotilishi.
13.1. Energetik menejmentning maqsadi, funktsiyalari va tashkil-lashtirish.
Energiya tejamlash iqtisodiyotining barcha sohalarida, yoqilg’i-energetik majmua, sanoatning energiya sig’imli sohalari, kommunal-maishiy sektor, qishloq xo’jaligi va elektrlashtirilgan transportni qo’shib hisoblaganda, energiya samarador texnologiyalarga o’tishni bildiradi. Energiya tejamlash energiyani olish, o’zlashtirish va taqsimlashning barcha zvenolarida- birlamchi energiya resurslarini qazib olishdan, to oxirgi iste’molchilar tomonidan energiyaning barcha turlarini iste’mol qilishgacha, energiyadan ratsional foydalanishni bildiradi. Bu muammolarni echish yo’li, o’z ichiga quydagilarni oladi: energiyani ishlab chiqarish, uzatish, taqsimlash va iste’mol qilishning samarador texnologiyalari; tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan maksimal foydalanish; yoqilg’i, issiqlik va elektr energiya solishtirma sarfini pasaytirishni ta’minlaydigan yangi texnologiya va jihozlarni tatbiq etish; mavjud jihozlarni takomillashtirish va modernizatsiyalash; barcha ikkilamchi energetika resurslardan keng foydalanish, yoqilg’ining qimmat turlarini arzonlari bilan almashtirish va h.k.
Bunda energiya tejamlash muammosi faqat texnik vositalar bilan hal etilmaydi, ularni amalga oshirish uchun energiyani olish va iste’molchilarga etkazib berilishi hamda turli iste’molchilarni energiya iste’molini boshqaruvchi tizimning mavjudligi zarur. Mana shu boshqarish masalalarini energetik menejment hal etishga qodir.
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NAZORAT SAVOLLARI - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

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«elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»
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bet | 62/71 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,27 Mb. | | #140050 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-2021NAZORAT SAVOLLARI:
Energetik menejment korxonalarda qanday ishlarni amalga oshiradi?
Energetik menejmentning maqsadi, funktsiyalari nimalardan iborat?
Energetik menejmentning asosiy masalasi nimalardan iborat?
Energetik menejmentning maqsadi.
Loyihalashning asosiy masalasi nimalardan iborat?
Energiyadan foydalanish samaradorligini oshirishning qanday yo’nalishlarini bilasizmi?
Energiya menejmenti o’z ichiga nimalarni oladi?
14-mavzu: Energetik audit
Reja:
14.1. Energetika auditi
14.2. Sanoat korxonasida energiya tejashning asosiy tamoyillari
14.3. Energetik auditning axamiyati
14.4. Qisqa va batafsil energetik auditlar
Tayanch so’z va iboralar: YoER foydalanish, energetika auditi, pasportlash, Energetika auditining maqsadi, ob’yektlari, ko’zdan kechirish, auditni o’tkazish, qisqa va batafsil energetik auditlar
14.1. Energetika audit
Sanoat korxonalarida yoqilg’i energetik resurslari (YoER) dan ratsional foydalanish ular ishining samaradorligini oshirishning muhim usullaridan biridir. Hozirda energiya sarfining mahsulot tannarxidagi ulushi (xom ashyo va materiallarni xisobga olmaganda) 40-45 % ni tashkil etadi, ayrim hollarda 70-80 % gacha yetadi. YoER foydalanish samaradorligini oshirishga ikkita yo’l bilan erishiladi:
korxona tuzilmasini va texnologik jarayonlarni modernizatsiyalash asosida, tabiiyki bu, katta xarajatlarni talab qiladi va ko’pincha o’zini oqlash muddati uzoq bo’ladi;
sanoat korxonasini energiya ta'minot tizimini bosqichma-bosqich rekonstruktsiyalash yo’li bilan, bu sarf qilingan xarajatlarni nisbatan kam muddatda qaytarish va energiya xo’jaligini takomillashtirish imkoniyatini tayyorlashga olib keladi.
Tanlangan yo’nalishga bog’liq bo’lmagan holda, xar qanday sanoat korxonasi (ob’yekt) uchun YoER energiya tejamlovchi dasturlarini majmuaviy ishlab chiqish maqsadga muvofiq hisoblanadi. Bunday dasturni yaratishga energetik tekshiruv (energiya auditi)ni o’tkazish va uning asosida korxona energetik xo’jaligini pasportlashtirish moyillik qiladi.
Energetika auditi – bu energiya manbalari va uning ishlab-chiqarayotgan mahsulotbirligiga solishtirma iste'moli to’g’risida axborot yig’ish maqsadida korxonani tekshiruvdan o’tkazishdir. Energetika auditi energetika menejmentining asosiy qurolidir.
Energetika auditi ma'lum ishlab-chiqarishni energiya iste'molini energiya iqtisod qilish zaxiralarini aniqlash, energiya tejamlash dasturini ishlab-chiqish va energiya tejamlash tadbirlariga kerak bo’lgan investitsiya o’lchamlarini aniqlash maqsadlarida majmuaviy tekshirish o’tkazishdan iborat.
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color Interactions - Tyner indb

68 MaP Design
that are separate from one another. In Figure 4.8 the two squares are the same gray,
but when they are placed on darker or lighter shades, they look different. In addition,
although it is easy through software to create 10 shades of gray, the human eye can-
not distinguish that many shades easily. The gray scale in Figure 4.4 shows 10 light-
ness steps, but adjoining steps are not easy to differentiate from one another. This is
one reason that most quantitative black-and-white maps use only five or six shades.
Because lightness steps usually imply quantitative value, using different shades
of gray for different qualitative categories is misleading. In such cases, patterns can
be used and the orientation of lines can be varied (although this can create an “old-
fashioned” look). Pictorial area symbols can also be used, such as the grassland and
tree patterns in Figure 4.9. These visual variables are described in Chapter 7, on
symbolization.
If one knows at the beginning of the design process that the map will be limited
to black and white, it is easiest to simply design in those neutrals. However, if the
map may be viewed in both black and white and color, then colors that reproduce
in distinct shades of gray must be chosen. This requires some care. For example, if
a color map might be printed in both color and black and white for different pur-
poses, or if it is likely that black-and-white copies will be made on a copy machine,
for example, handouts of a PowerPoint presentation, this must be considered before
choosing colors. The ramp (shades of gray) may not be a smooth gradation or the
Flash dasturi bilan ishlash asoslari

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Flash dasturi bilan ishlash asoslari
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bet | 9/12 | Sana | 25.01.2024 | Hajmi | 473,38 Kb. | | #145758 |
Bog'liq 8-Ma’ruza Flash texnologiyasi. Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari v-fayllar.orgFlash dasturi bilan ishlash asoslari
Flash dasturida ishlashni o`rganish uchun avvalo uning interfeysi bilan tanishish lozim. Agar Macromedia firmasi tomonidan yaratilgan biror-bir dasturiy ta’minotlar (masalan, Dreamweaver muxarriri) bilan tanish bo`lsangiz Flashni interfeysini o`zlashtirish unchalik murakkab bo`lmaydi. Agar Macromedia tomonidan yaratilgan uskunalarni o`zlashtirishni aynan Flash dasturidan boshlasangiz, u holda uning menyulari, uskunalari va ob’ekt xususiyatlar paneli va boshqalarning ko`rinishi Windowsning amaliy dasturlarinikidan fraq qiladi. Masalan, aksariyat Windowsdagi amaliy dasturlarda (ofis majmuasi) uskunalar paneli tarkibini boshqarish buyruqlari “View” menyusiga kiradi. Flash dasturida esa bu buyruqlar “Window” menyusida joylashtirilgan. Tahrirlanayotgan obyekt xususiyatlar panelining ko`rinishi ham Flash dasturiga xosdir. Lekin bu turdagi yangiliklar unchalik ham qiyinlik tug`dirmaydi. Muharrirning foydalanuvchi interfeysini tashkil etilishi umumiy holda Windows dasturlar kabi standart ko`rinishga egadir, oynaning yuqori qismida sarlavha, menyular to`plami, asosiy buyruqlar joylashtirilgan uskunalar paneli va boshqalar. Muharrirda yangi vaqt diagrammaning ko`rinishi mavjud. Muxarrirni ilk bor ishga tushirganda asosiy oyna ustidan qo`shimcha muloqot oynasi naydo bo`ladi. Bu oyna sizga ish boshlashni o`zinigiz xohishingiz bo`yicha sozlash imkonini beradi. Bu muloqot oynasida 3 ta Open a Recent Item (oxirgi flash faylni ochish), Create NEW (yangi fayl yaratish), Create form Template (shablondan foydalanib fayl yaratish) bo`limlari bor. Bu muloqot oynasidan keraklisini tanlab olish mumkin. Aksiryat holatlarda Create NEW -> Fl ash document bandi tanlanadi va ekranga Flash dasturining asosiy oynasi hosil bo`ladi.
Flash dasturining asosiy oynasi menyular, uskunalar, obekt xususiyatlar va qo`shimchalar, ishchi maydon kabi 4 ta asosiy sohalardan iborat. Flash dasturining menyusi 10 bo`limdan iborat bo`lib, ular quyidagi jadvalga keltirilgan vazifalarni bajaradi.
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Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari va tushunchalari

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Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari va tushunchalari
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bet | 4/12 | Sana | 25.01.2024 | Hajmi | 473,38 Kb. | | #145758 |
Bog'liq 8-Ma’ruza Flash texnologiyasi. Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari v-fayllar.org2. Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari va tushunchalari. Macromedia (hozirda Adobe) Flash dasturi yordamida ham animasiya va taqdimot fayllarni yaratishimiz mumkin. Ammo Power Point ga qaraganda Macromedia Flash dasturda yaratilgan
animasiya fayllari to’liq siz tomoningizdan yaratiladi va animasiyalashtiriladi. Shu bilan birgalikda bu dasturda aktiv elementlar bilan ishlash va dasturlash imkoniyatlari mavjud. Asosan Macromedia Flash dasturida kichik animatsiya fayllari (kliplar), Internet saxifalar, electron qo’llanmalar va ... Flash dasturda yaratilgan fayllar o’zining original, ishlash soddaligi ,yaratilish murakkabligi, tezkorligi, multimediya jixozlanganligi va hajm bo’yicha kichikligi bilanko’zga tashlanishadi. Dasturni ishga tushirish uchun Windows ning пуск tugmasining программыbo’limining Macromedia gruruxi ichidagi Macromedia Flash buyrug’ini tanlaymiz. Natijada ekranda quyidagi dastur oynasi xosil qilinidi. Flash dasturida ishlash uchun biz bir nechta yangi tushunchalar bilan tanishimiz zarur. Bular:Flash belgisi, grafik tasvir (simvol), animasion klip, aktiv tugma, ssena, kadr, boshqaruvkadr, vaqt-chizgichi, va qatlam.
Vaqt-chizgichi (TimeLine -времменная шкала) - Flash dasturida animasiya harakatlarni yaratishida asosiy ish quroli. Ushbu soxada qatlam va kadrlarni ko’rishimiz va ular ustidan xar hil amallarni bajarishimiz mumkin. Vaqt-chizgich orqali qatlamlarni joylashuvi va turi, kadrlar turi (boshqaruv va avtomatik yaratilgan kadrlar) va ulardagi action dasturlash skriptlarmavjudligini ko’rishimiz va sozlashimiz mumkin.
Ushbu soxaning chap tomonda qatlamlar soxasi, o’ng tomoda esa shu qatlamlardagi kadrlar soxalari joylashgan. Vaqt-chizgichning chap (qatlamlar) tomoni - ustuni qatlam ko’rinishi yoki ko’rinmasligini, - ustuni qatlamni o’zgartirish mumkinligi yoki mumkin emasligi va - ustuni qatlam elementlari to’liq yoki faqat chegaralari ko’rinishini o’zgartirishga yordam beradi. - tugmasi yangi qatlam yaratish, - tugmasi harakat traektoriyasi qatlamni yaratish, - tugmasi qatlamlar uchun papka yaratish, - tugmasi esa tanlangan qatlamni o’chirish amallarni bajaradi. Vaqt-chizgichning o’ng (kadrlar) tomoni Vaqt-chizgichnining o’ng tomonning pastki qismidagi joylashgan - soxasi bosh kadrga o’tish, qo’shni kadrlarni yoki ular chegaralarini ko’rsatish hamda bir nechta kadrlarni bir paytda taxrirlash tugmalari, - soxasi esa nechanchi kadr tanlangan, kadrlar tezligi va nechanchi sekundda joylanishimizni kursatuvchi tugmalari.
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Tаlаbаlаr sоni: O’quv sоаti 2 sоаt - bet 2

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Informatika o’qitishning tashkiliy shakllari haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’ladilar;
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O’qitishning tashkiliy shakllari bir qator mezonlar: o’quvchilar soni, o’qish joyi va boshqalar bo’yicha tasnifla-nishi haqida ma’lumot beradi;
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O’qitishning tashkiliy shakllari bir qator mezonlar: o’quvchilar soni, o’qish joyi va boshqalar bo’yicha tasniflanishi haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’ladilar;
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O’qitishning individual, guruhli, frontal shakli haqida ma’lumot beradi;
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O’qitishning individual, guruhli, frontal shakli haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’ladilar;
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O’qish olib boriladigan joyiga qarab maktabda va maktabdan tashqari shakllarga ajratilishi haqida ma’lumot beradi;
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O’qish olib boriladigan joyiga qarab maktabda va maktabdan tashqari shakllarga ajratilishi haqida ma’lumotga ega bo’ladilar;
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O’qitish usullаri-tехnikаsi
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ma’ruza, tushuntirish, instruksiya berish, namoyish,
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GLOSSARIY. 

Кadr (Frames - Кadr)

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GLOSSARIY.
Кadr (Frames - Кadr)
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bet | 12/12 | Sana | 25.01.2024 | Hajmi | 473,38 Kb. | | #145758 |
Bog'liq 8-Ma’ruza Flash texnologiyasi. Dasturning asosiy ish soxalari v-fayllar.orgGLOSSARIY.
Кadr (Frames - Кadr) - Flash va ko’pkina animasion muxarrirlar hamda video montaj dasturlar asosida kadrlar ketma ketligi joylashgan
Кompyuter grafikasi – EHM boshqaruvida grafik obyektlarni kiritish, chiqarish, tasvirlash,o’zgartirish va tahrirlashdir.
Кompyuter animatsiyasi – ekranda tasvirlarni “jonlantirish”, kompyuterda dinamik tasvirlar sintezidir.
Кompyuter grafikasi – informatikaning maxsus qismi bo’lib, dasturiy-apparat hisoblash komplekslari yordamida tasvirlarni yaratish va qayta ishlash usullari va vositalarini o’rganadi.
Vaqt-chizgichi (TimeLine -времменная шкала) - Flash dasturida animasiya harakatlarni yaratishida asosiy ish quroli
Flash texnologiyasiga - ShockWave Flash (SWF) formatli vektorli grafikdan foydalanishga asoslangan texnologiyadir.
Belgilar (Symbol - Simvol) - Flash dasturning asosiy elementlaridan biri. U oddiy grafik yoki bir nechta qatlamdan iborat murakab grafik tasvir (graphic),animasiyalashgan klip (movieclip) yoki aktiv tugma (button) ko’rinishida bo’lishi mumkin
Asosiy adabiyotlar:
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R.R.Bokiyev, A.O. Matchanov, Informatika, “O’qituvchi”, Toshkent, 2010, 374 bet.
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Horijiy adabiyotlar
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Mrs. C.Y. Munasinghe, B.Sc. (OUSL); M.Sc. (Colombo) ICT SKILLS, 2013, Open University of Sri Lanka, p.-393
Yu.Yu.Gromov, I.V.Didrix, O.G.Ivanova, M.A.Ivanovskiy, v. G.Odnolko Informasionnыye texnologii, Izdatelstvo FGBOU VPO «TGTU», Tambov, 2015, 260 str.
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Qo’shimcha adabiyotlar:
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Chris Abbott ICT: Changing Education, London and New York, Routledge Falmer, 2001, 45p.
Попов А.М., В. Н. Сотников Информатика и математика. Учебник и практикум для прикладного бакалавриата. Из-во Юрайт, 2015 г. ISBN
978-5-9916-3338-3. 430стр.
Олифер В.Г. Компьютерные сети. Принципы, технологии, протоколы. Учебник для вузов. Питер, 2015 г. ISBN 978-5-496-01967-5. 992стр.
Симонович С.В. Информатика. Базовый курс. Учебник для ВУЗов. Питер, 2013 г. ISBN 978-5-496-00217-2, 978-5-459-00439-7. 637стр.
Соловьева Л.Ф., Г. М. Нурмухамедов Информатика. Теоретические основы. Учебное пособие для подготовки к ЕГЭ (+CD) БХВ-Петербург, 2012 г. ISBN 978-5-9775-0871-1. 208стр.
Губанов Д.А., Новиков Д.А., Чхартишвили А.Г. Социальные сети. Модели информационного влияния, управления и противоборства. 2010 год. 228 стр.
Избачков Ю.С., Петров В.Н. Информационные системы. 2-у изд. 2006 год. 656 стр.
Максимов, Н. В. Современные информационные технологии: учеб. Пособие/Н.В. Максимов, Т.Л.Партыко, И.И.Попов. — М: ФОРУМ, 2008. - 512с:ил.
Степанов, А. Н. Информатика: Учебник для вузов. 5-е изд./ А.Н.Степанов. - СПб.: Питер, 2007. — 765 с.
Алексеев, Е. Р.Подробное руководство для начинающих осваивать Интернет = Интернет от А до Z / Е. Р. Алексеев. - М.: НТ Пресс, 2008. - 448 с.
Бойс,Д. От установки до оптимизации работы Windows ХР / Джим Бойс. — М.: НТ Пресс, 2007. - 688 с.
Говард, Д.Создай свою фотоисторию. Делимся воспоминаниями с помощью Fhotoshop Elments и цифровой камеры=Будущее воспоминаний.
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http://fayllar.org
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Representing scale - Tyner indb

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Tyner indb Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 48/174 | Sana | 29.11.2023 | Hajmi | 16,37 Mb. | | #107721 |
Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010Representing scale
On a map, scale may be shown in any or all of these three ways. Topographic maps
and atlases frequently include all three forms of scale. Moreover, the graphic scale
may be shown in both English and metric units. However, on thematic maps and in
reports, periodicals, and newspapers, it is most common to use only a graphic scale.
Why? Because the cartographer isn’t always sure at what size the map will be repro-
duced—Will it be full-page, one column, or 1/2 page?—or even what size the page
will be. If the map is printed larger or smaller than its original size, the RF and verbal
scales will no longer be accurate. However, a graphic scale will enlarge or reduce in
the same proportion as the rest of the map. For maps that will be viewed on a moni-
tor, the only appropriate scale is a graphic scale. Monitors vary in size; therefore, the
map will be larger or smaller depending on the size of the screen.
A common mistake many novice mapmakers make is creating a graphic scale
that is more precise than the map (Figure 5.3). If a thematic map is very generalized
and at a small scale, such as 1:1,000,000, there is no advantage to making a bar scale
marked in 1-mile units. Measurements this small cannot be made from the map and
it gives an incorrect impression of the map’s accuracy. Even at a scale of 1:24,000 (1
inch represents 2,000 feet) a 20-foot-wide stream drawn to scale would be .01 inches
wide and would normally be drawn wider for legibility.
choosing scale
Several factors impact choosing a scale for a map: the subject and purpose of the map,
data resolution, map user needs, and the specified format.
If a map is designed for navigation or hiking or bicycling, it will need more detail
than if it is designed to show an overview of a water body, a national park, or a rec-
reation area. Bill Bryson in A Walk in the Woods expressed his frustration with maps
that were at too small a scale for the intended use:
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tABle 5.1. conversion factors

tABle 5.1. conversion factors
1 international nautical mile
=
6,076.1 feet
1 nautical mile
=
1.15 statute miles
1 nautical mile
=
1.852 kilometers
1 statute mile
=
5,280 feet
1 statute mile
=
63,360 inches
1 statute mile
=
1.61 kilometers
1 statute mile
=
0.87 nautical miles
1 kilometer
=
0.54 nautical mile
1 kilometer
=
0.62 statute mile
1 kilometer
=
100,000 centimeters
1 kilometer
=
1,000 meters
scale, Compilation, and generalization 77
I dumped my pack and searched through it for my trail map. . . . [The maps ] vary some-
what, but most are on an abysmal scale of 1:100,000, which ludicrously compresses
every kilometer of real world into a mere centimeter of map. Imagine a square kilometer
of physical landscape and all that it might contain—logging roads, streams, a mountain-
top or two, perhaps a fire tower, a knob or grassy bald, the wandering AT [Appalachian
Trail], and maybe a pair of important side trails—and imagine trying to convey all that
information on an area the size of the nail on your little finger. (pp. 73–74)
Bryson’s frustration clearly shows the necessity of considering user needs when choos-
ing scale. To Bryson, the hiker, the details of the trail he was following were vital to
his survival and a scale of 1:100,000 wasn’t sufficient. On the other hand, for a map
user who wants to get a broad overview of the length of the Appalachian Trail, the
states it covers, and its general location, a scale of 1:100,000 is far too large.
The resolution or detail of the data represented also is of importance in choosing
a map scale. If a great deal of detail must be represented, then the scale ideally will
be larger than if the data resolution is less.
At times the page format is specified and the map must fit within its confines. If
the area is large, the cartographer has few options other than including larger scale
insets to show the details of some areas.
A common problem is using a map that was designed for a different scale. This
problem frequently occurs in newspapers, periodicals, and websites when a map pub-
lished by an agency or individual for use at one size is reduced to fit the column inches
available (see Figure 5.4). Much information is lost through this reduction. Ideally,
the map should be redrawn to fit the format, but time constraints may dictate that
the original be used. In such cases, the source should be cited so the reader can go to
the original.
As we will see, map scale is an important factor in choosing the amount of gen-
eralization that will be used on a map.
Miles
0
200
400
fIgURe 5.3.
The graphic scale should not be more precise than the map. Detail on this map
cannot be read at 10-mile increments.
78 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
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Calculating Scale - Tyner indb

Calculating Scale
Often the scale of a map must be calculated. If a base map is available that has only
an RF and the cartographer wants to know the verbal scale or to draw a linear scale
or if the scale of a map isn’t known, the scale can be determined. Table 5.1 has some
useful conversion factors.
Examples
Determine a verbal scale for a map with an RF of 1:253,440
1 inch represents 253,440 inches.
Feet
0
2000
4000
1 inch represents 2000 feet
1: 24,000
FIGURE 5.1.
Scale can be expressed in three ways: as a ratio or fraction, verbally, or as a
linear or bar scale.
scale, Compilation, and generalization 75
To find the verbal scale in miles, one divides 253,440 by the number of inches
in one mile
253,440 ÷ 63,360 = 4. Therefore, 1:253,440 is the same as one inch represents
4 miles.
To find the verbal scale in kilometers for the same map, one divides 253,440 by
the number of centimeters in 1 kilometer.
253,440 ÷ 100,000 = 2.53. Therefore, 1:253,440 is the same as 1 centimeter
represents 2.53 kilometers.
Another kind of problem occurs when one has a source map or photograph that
has no scale. Here, two known points of known distance must be found. These can
be two points on a border, two roads, or, on photographs, some feature with known
Gorham
0
2000
Feet
Gorham
0
½
1
Mile
0
2
4
Miles
Gorham
A
B
C
fIgURe 5.2.
The maps in this figure are all of the same area, but at three different scales.
Note the amount of detail that can be shown at different scales.
76 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
dimensions, such as a football field. The map distance between the points is mea-
sured and using the formula RF = Map Distance/Ground Distance the scale can be
determined. Remember that RF is a fraction expressed as 1/x. This method works
best for large-scale maps, and is only approximate for large regions depending on the
projection.
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fIgURe 4.7 - Tyner indb

Color in Cartographic Design 69
number of steps in the color sequence may need to be limited (Figure 4.10 and Plate
4.12). ColorBrewer can again assist with choosing colors that are copier-friendly or
print-friendly.
specification sheets
A record should be kept of the colors used and their specifications. ColorBrewer pro-
vides printable “spec sheets” for various color schemes, but one can also design one’s
own sheet that includes typefaces and sizes and line weights.
color esthetics and harmony
A final aspect to consider is the overall harmony of the map.
A map with pleas-
ing color combinations isn’t merely more attractive, it’s easier to read than one with
fIgURe 4.9.
Symbols for a black and white map.
fIgURe 4.10.
If a map is to be reproduced in color as well as black and white, colors must be
chosen carefully; a color map cannot simply be printed or copied in black-and-white without
loss of information. This figure is Plate 4.12 printed in black and white.
70
MaP Design
clashing colors. Check to see that all lettering is visible against its background, that
small areas are easy to see, but not given undue importance, and that there is logic to
the color choices.
sUggestIons foR fURtheR ReAdIng
Brewer, Cynthia A. (1994). Color Use Guidelines for Mapping and Visualization. In Alan M.
MacEachren and D. R. Fraser Taylor (Eds.),
Visualization in Modern Cartography (pp.
123–147). New York: Pergamon.
Brewer, Cynthia A. (2005).
Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users. Redlands, CA:
ESRI Press.
Brown, Allan, and Feringa, Wim. (2003).
Color Basics for GIS Users. New York: Prentice
Hall.
Dreyfuss, Henry. (1972).
A Symbol Sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
International Paper Company. (2003).
Pocket Pal (19th ed.). Memphis, TN: Author.
Linford, Chris. (2004).
The Complete Guide to Digital Color: Creative Use of Color in the
Digital Arts. New York: Harper Collins.
Robinson, Arthur. (1967). Psychological Aspects of Color in Cartography.
International
Yearbook of Cartography,
7, 50–61.
73
chapter 5
scale, Compilation,
and generalization
There’s no escape from the cartographic paradox:
to present a
useful
and truthful picture, an accurate map must tell white lies.
—M
ark
M
onmonier
,
How to Lie
with Maps (1996)
Hurmatli talabalar quyidagi TINKERCAD Platformasi orqali o‘z topshiriqlaringizni bajaring!

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Hurmatli talabalar quyidagi TINKERCAD Platformasi orqali o‘z topshiriqlaringizni bajaring!
|
bet | 12/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaHurmatli talabalar quyidagi TINKERCAD Platformasi orqali o‘z topshiriqlaringizni bajaring!
Laboratoriya ishi uchun topshiriqlar.
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va ledni yoqing va o‘chiring ?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 20 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 30 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 20 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 36 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 18 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 19 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 18 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 15 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 16 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 13 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 11 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 14 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 15 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 12 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 11 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 13 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 12 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 19 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 18 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 19 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 14 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 16 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 17 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
Arduino yordamida buttondan foydalaning va 16 ta ledni yoqing va o‘chiring?
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Laboratoriya ishi № 2 - Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari

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Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari
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bet | 3/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaLaboratoriya ishi № 2.
Arduino IDE ni o‘rnatish.
Laboratoriyaning maqsadi: Arduino IDE dasturini o‘rnatish
Laboratoriyaning nazariy qismi.
Arduino IDE
Dasturiy ta'minotni yozish va yuklash uchun siz Arduino IDE -ni yuklab olishingiz va o‘rnatishingiz kerak. Bu juda oddiy va qulay dastur.
Arduino IDE -ni rasmiy saytdan yuklab olish (yuklash):
Arduino -ning rasmiy veb -saytiga o‘ting va ko‘rsatilgan ro‘yxatdan kompyuteringiz ishlayotgan operatsion tizimni tanlang. "Windows Installer" birinchi qatorini tanlasangiz, siz Arduino IDE -ni o‘rnatasiz (boshqa dasturlarni o‘rnatganingizdek) va ikkinchi qatorni tanlasangiz "Administrator bo‘lmagan Windows ZIP fayli" dastur papkasi bo‘lgan ZIP arxivini yuklaysiz, siz unda o‘rnatmasdan ishlashingiz mumkin (hatto sizning kompyuteringiz uchun administrator huquqlari bo‘lmasa ham).
Qaysi operatsion tizimni tanlashingizdan qat'i nazar, sizdan ishlab chiquvchilarga minnatdorchilik bildirish so‘raladi, bu sizning ishingiz.
Agar siz shunchaki dasturni yuklab olmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, "JUST DOWNLOAD" tugmasini bosing, agar siz dasturni yuklab olmoqchi bo‘lsangiz va dasturiy ta'minotni yanada rivojlantirishga o‘z hissasini qo‘shayotgan ishlab chiquvchilarga minnatdorchilik bildirsangiz, "CONTRIBUTE & DOWNLOAD" tugmasini bosing.
Faylni yuklab olish tugashini kuting:
Yuklab olish tugagandan so‘ng, fayl "Bu kompyuter> Yuklamalar" papkasida joylashgan bo‘lishi kerak (agar siz faylni saqlash uchun boshqa manzilni ko‘rsatmagan bo‘lsangiz).
Agar siz ZIP arxivini yuklagan bo‘lsangiz (yuklagan bo‘lsangiz) (birinchi bosqichda "Windows ZIP faylini administrator bo‘lmagan o‘rnatish" bandini tanlab), keyin arxivdan kompyuterning istalgan joyiga oching.
Keyingi "Arduino IDE -ni o‘rnatish" bo‘limi siz uchun emas, chunki siz dasturni o‘rnatishingiz shart emas, "Arduino IDE -ni ishga tushirish" bo‘limiga o‘ting. Arduino IDE -da ishlashni boshlash uchun arxivni ochgan joydan "arduino.exe" faylini ishga tushirish kerak.
Agar siz o‘rnatish faylini yuklagan bo‘lsangiz (yuklab olsangiz) (birinchi qadamda "Windows Installer" bandini tanlab), keyingi bo‘limdagi "Arduino IDE -ni o‘rnatish" ko‘rsatmalariga amal qiling.
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Investigation of energy exchange in 3-crowdion

Investigation of energy exchange in 3-crowdion
I.A. Shepelev, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; A.P. Chetverikov, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; S.V. Dmitriev, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa, Russia; E.A. Korznikova, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa, Russia
16.06-16.18
Dynamics of Rayleigh oscillators chain with connections via Morse potential forces
Konstantin Sergeev, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; Evgeniy Elizarov, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia;AlexandrChetverikov, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
16.18-16.30
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Multistability of strange waves in a Vander Pol oscillators array

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Multistability of strange waves in a Vander Pol oscillators array
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bet | 114/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Multistability of strange waves in a Vander Pol oscillators array
Alexey Shabunin, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
14.54-15.06
Nonlinear dynamics from positions of the modern economic physics
Mikhail B.Semenov, Penza State University of Russia, Penza, Russia; Sergey Yu.Roshchin, NRU «Higher School of Economics»,Moscow, Russia; Vladimir D.Krevchik, Penza State University of Russia, Penza, Russia; Feodor V.Kusmartsev, Loughborough University,Loughborough, United Kingdom; Alexey V.Shorokhov, NRU Mordovian State University named by N.P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russia
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Imaging systems based on generalized lenses

Imaging systems based on generalized lenses. Sofiya Ganchevskaya, Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Samara, Russia Vadim Vasilev, Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia
Extension of the geometrized maxwell theory using torsion. Dmitry Kulyabov, RUDN University & LIT JINR, Russia Korolkova A. V., Gevorkyan M. N., Demidova A. V., Apreutesey A.-M. Yu., RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Quantum mechanics with non-negative distribution function and measurement. Alexander Zorin, Leonid Sevastyanov, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia Nikolai Tretyakov, RANEPA, RSSU, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Extension of the geometrized maxwell theory based on nonmetricity. Dmitry Kulyabov, RUDN University & LIT JINR, Russia, Korolkova A.V., Sevastianov L. A., Velieva T. R., RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Digital holographic module based on common-path interferometer. Liudmila Burmak, Alexander Machikhin, Lidiya Zykova, STC UI RAS, Russia
The influence of a pulse shape on speed of its propagation in a three-level nonlinear absorbing medium. Rimma Zatrudina, Vladislav Gribkov, VolSU, Russia
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Application of cross-recurrent analysis to coupling detection in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control

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-15.18
Application of cross-recurrent analysis to coupling detection in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control
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bet | 115/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
15.06-15.18
Application of cross-recurrent analysis to coupling detection in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control
YuriiIshbulatov, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia;Posnenkova Olga, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; AnatolyKaravaev, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia;YuliaPopova, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; EkaterinaBorovkova, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; MargaritaSimonyan, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; VladimirGridnev, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; AntonKiselev, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
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Application of cross-recurrent analysis to coupling detection in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control
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Dynamics of Lyapunov exponent in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control during passive tilt test

15.18-15.30
Dynamics of Lyapunov exponent in mathematical model of circulation autonomic control during passive tilt test
YuriiIshbulatov, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; VladimirShvartz, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia; AnatolyKaravaev, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; SergeiMironov, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia; VictoriaSkazkina, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; VladimirGridnev, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; OlgaBokeria, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia; AntonKiselev, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
15.30-15.42
Formation mechanisms of spiral and double-well chimeras in a 2D lattice of coupled bistableFitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators
Igor Shepelev, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; Tatyana Vadivasova, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
15.42-15.54
Architecture and training of an artificial neural network designed to be a universal model of nonlinear dynamical systems
Pavel Kuptsov, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia; Anna Kuptsova, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia
15.54-16.06
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Multi-mode manipulation of microscopic objects using acousto-optical deflector

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Multi-mode manipulation of microscopic objects using acousto-optical deflector
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bet | 42/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Multi-mode manipulation of microscopic objects using acousto-optical deflector. Anastasiya Yablokova, Grigoriy Martynov, Alexey Kozlov, Russia, Alexander Machihin, STC UI RAS, Russia
Transformation of reflection and transmission matrices when changing the basis of two orthogonal polarizations. Natalya Moiseeva, VolSU, Russia
Self-organized periodic structures on the surface of tungsten spikes formed under picosecond laser pulses. Ivan Popov, T.N. Sokolova, E.L. Surmenko, D.A. Bessonov, Gagarin Saratov State Technical University, RPF "Pribor-T" Russia
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Generation of terahertz radiation in a system of coupled semiconductor lasers

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Generation of terahertz radiation in a system of coupled semiconductor lasers
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bet | 43/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Generation of terahertz radiation in a system of coupled semiconductor lasers. Leonid Kochkurov, Yulia Mazhirina, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Russia
Influences of detuning on atom-atom entanglement in double two-photon jaynes-cummings system. Marya Guslyannikova, Rodion Zakharov, Eugene Bashkirov, Samara University, Russia
The experimental estimation of temporal and power parameters of the near-surface laser plasma forming. Vladislav Baydachenko, Vladimir Khramov, Dmitry Sin'ko, Volgograd State University, Russia
Ellipsometry of biological objects in the mode of attenuated total reflection (atr) using a circularly polarized laser light. Valeriy Yatsishen, Yuliya Amelchenko, Volgograd State University, Russia
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Laboratoriyaning amaliy qismi - Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari

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Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari
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bet | 2/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaLaboratoriyaning amaliy qismi.
Arduino mikrokontroleriga ega bo‘lishiga qaramay, u professional bo‘lmagan foydalanuvchilar uchun mo‘ljallangan. Bu elektronika asoslaridan uzoq bo‘lgan kattalarga ham, maktab o‘quvchilariga ham uni o‘zlashtirishga imkon beradi. Dasturlash qobig‘ining kirish chegarasi ancha past. Dasturlash juda sodda va intuitiv.
Millionlab mumkin bo‘lgan dastur elementlarining kombinatsiyasi faqat inson tasavvuri bilan cheklangan. Qurilma ulanadigan va dastur yoziladigan sensorlar yordamida atrofdagi dunyo haqidagi ma'lumotlarni qabul qilish va qayta ishlashga qodir.
Foydalanilgan internet resurslar
https://svet-komfort.ru/doma/princip-raboty-arduino.html
https://arduinoplus.ru/mikronontroller-arduino/
Laboratoriya ishi uchun topshiriqlar.
Arduino IDE -ni rasmiy saytdan yuklab oling (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
Agar sizda zip faylidan Windows va Arduino IDE bo‘lsa, drayverlarni drayverlar papkasidan o‘rnating
Arduino -ni kompyuterga USB orqali ulang
Arduino IDE -ni ishga tushiring
"Asboblar → platforma" da platforma modelini tanlang
"Asboblar → Serial port" da u ulangan portni tanlang
"Fayl → Misollar" dan dastur yozing yoki tayyor misolni yuklang.
Arduino IDE -ni rasmiy saytdan yuklab oling (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
Agar sizda zip faylidan Windows va Arduino IDE bo‘lsa, drayverlarni drayverlar papkasidan o‘rnating
Arduino -ni kompyuterga USB orqali ulang
Arduino IDE -ni ishga tushiring
"Asboblar → platforma" da platforma modelini tanlang
"Asboblar → Serial port" da u ulangan portni tanlang
"Fayl → Misollar" dan dastur yozing yoki tayyor misolni yuklang.
Kengashni yoritish uchun asboblar panelidagi "Yuklab olish" tugmasini bosing! Siz platformani xohlaganingizcha takrorlashingiz mumkin. Kengash quvvatlangach, dastur saqlanadi.
Arduino IDE -ni rasmiy saytdan yuklab oling (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
Agar sizda zip faylidan Windows va Arduino IDE bo‘lsa, drayverlarni drayverlar papkasidan o‘rnating
Arduino -ni kompyuterga USB orqali ulang
Arduino IDE -ni ishga tushiring
"Asboblar → platforma" da platforma modelini tanlang
"Asboblar → Serial port" da u ulangan portni tanlang
"Fayl → Misollar" dan dastur yozing yoki tayyor misolni yuklang.
Arduino IDE -ni rasmiy saytdan yuklab oling (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
Agar sizda zip faylidan Windows va Arduino IDE bo‘lsa, drayverlarni drayverlar papkasidan o‘rnating
Arduino -ni kompyuterga USB orqali ulang
Arduino IDE -ni ishga tushiring
"Asboblar → platforma" da platforma modelini tanlang
"Asboblar → Serial port" da u ulangan portni tanlang
"Fayl → Misollar" dan dastur yozing yoki tayyor misolni yuklang.
Kengashni yoritish uchun asboblar panelidagi "Yuklab olish" tugmasini bosing! Siz platformani xohlaganingizcha takrorlashingiz mumkin. Kengash quvvatlangach, dastur saqlanadi.
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Tokni cheklash - Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari

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Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari
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bet | 6/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaTokni cheklash
Tokni cheklash qoidasiga amal qilish oson. Siz faqat LED uchun spetsifikatsiyaga ushbu model uchun maksimal oqim qiymatini kiritishingiz va kontaktlarning zanglashiga zarur bo‘lgan tokni yetkazib beradigan qarshilik qo‘shishingiz kerak. Bularning barchasi Om qonuni va Internetda mavjud bo‘lgan ko‘plab kalkulyatorlar yordamida osongina hisoblab chiqiladi. Jarayonni keraksiz hisoblar bilan murakkablashtirmaslik uchun , biz Arduino bilan ishlashning yakuniy natijasini beramiz.
Birinchi dizaynimizda biz boshlang‘ich to‘plamlarida mavjud bo‘lgan eng keng tarqalgan LEDlar uchun 220 omli rezistorlar(qarshiliklar)dan foydalanamiz. Agar siz kontaktlarning zanglashiga kattaroq rezistor qo‘shsangiz, hech qanday dahshatli narsa bo‘lmaydi - shunchaki diod unchalik porlamaydi.
LED ulanish diagrammasi
LEDni elektr zanjiriga ulash juda oddiy operatsiya. Tegishli oyoqlarni plus va minus bilan ulash kerak. Biz uzun oyoqni zanjirning oxirigacha plyusga olib keladigan qismiga bog‘laymiz. Rezistorni kontaktlarning kiritishni unutmaslik kerak.
LEDni ulash sxemasi
Foydalanilgan internet resuslari.
http://edurobots.ru/2014/03/arduino-svetodiod/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idBjFYnIntI
Laboratoriya ishi uchun topshiriqlar.
Hurmatli talabalar quyidagi TINKERCAD Platformasi orqali o‘z topshiriqlaringizni bajaring!
Arduino yordamida Ledni 10 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 3 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 5 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 2 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 6 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 10 sekund ikki marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 3 uch marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 5 ikki marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 2 besh marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 6 ikki marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 1 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 16 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 25 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 2.5 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 2.458 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 6.5 sekund ikki marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 3.4 sekund uch marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 7.9 ikki marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 0.5 besh marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 6 sekund olti marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 60 milliy sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 3.6 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 5.6 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 2.7 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 6.125488 sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 10 sekund ikki marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 3.5 sekund olti marta yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 5.5 ikki marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 0.2 besh marta sekund yoqing
Arduino yordamida Ledni 0.0006 sekund yoqing
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Laboratoriya ishi № 5 - Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari

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Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlari
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bet | 9/12 | Sana | 12.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,82 Mb. | | #117076 |
Bog'liq Arduino tizimini o‘rganish. Komponentlar va ularning imkoniyatlaLaboratoriya ishi № 5.
Tugma (Button).
Laboratoriya ishining maqsadi: Arduino asosida turli tugmalar bilan ishlash.
Laboratoriyaning nazariy qismi.
Tugma sensorini arduinoga ulash ma'lum bilim va ko‘nikmalarni talab qiladi. Ushbu dasrda biz taktika tugmasi nima ekanligini, tugmachaning sakrashini, tugmani tortish va tushirish qarshiligi bilan qanday to‘g‘ri ulashni, LED va boshqa qurilmalarni tugma yordamida qanday boshqarish mumkinligi haqida gaplashamiz.
Arduino tugmasi
Tugma (yoki tugmachali kalit) har xil turdagi sensorlarning eng sodda va eng qulayi hisoblanadi. Uni bosish orqali siz boshqaruvchiga signal berasiz, bu esa qandaydir harakatga olib keladi: LEDlar yonadi, tovushlar chiqariladi, motorlar ishga tushadi. Hayotimizda biz tez -tez turli xil kalitlar bilan uchrashamiz va bu qurilma bilan juda yaxshi tanishmiz.
Takt tugmachalari va almashtirish tugmalari
Odatdagidek, biz bo‘limni faqat yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun qiziqarli bo‘lgan oddiy narsalar bilan boshlaymiz. Agar siz asoslarni bilsangiz va tugmani arduinoga ulashning turli xil variantlari haqida bilmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, ushbu xatboshini o‘tkazib yuborishingiz mumkin.
Tugma nima? Aslida, bu elektr tarmog‘ini boshqaradigan juda oddiy qurilma. Bu yopilish / ochilish har xil rejimda bn, shu bilan birga pozitsiyangizni to‘g‘rilaydi yoki tuzatmaydi. Shunga ko‘ra, barcha tugmalarni ikkita katta guruhga bo‘lish mumkin:
Qulflash tugmachalari. Ular ozod qilinganidan keyin asl holatiga qaytadilar. Qachonki, dastlabki holatiga qarab, ular odatda yopiq va odatda ochiq tugmalarga bo‘linadi.
Lahzali tugmalar (taktika tugmalari). Ular mahkamlanadi va qolgan joyida qoladilar.
Turli xil tugmalar uchun juda ko‘p variantlar mavjud, bu elektron komponentlarning eng keng tarqalgan turlaridan biridir.
Arduino tugmachalari oddiy loyihalar uchun
Loyihalarimizda biz deyarli har qanday arduino to‘plami bilan ta'minlangan juda oddiy 4 oyoqli taktika tugmalari bilan ishlaymiz. Tugma - bu ikkita juft kontaktli kalit. Bir juftlikdagi kontaktlar bir -biriga bog‘langan, shuning uchun kontaktlarning ishlashiga olib kelishi mumkin emas, lekin siz bir vaqtning o‘zida ikkita parallel segmentni boshqarishingiz mumkin, bu foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
Vaziyatga qarab, siz odatda yopiq va ochiq kontaktlarga ega bo‘lgan ikkita kontaktlarning ishlashini yaratishingiz mumkin - buning uchun faqat kontaktlarning ishlashiga to‘g‘ri ulanishingiz kerak.
Qulaylik uchun, soat tugmasi odatda bir xil rangdagi plastik qopqoq bilan birga keladi, tugmachani qo‘yish juda aniq va loyihaga xira ko‘rinish beradi.
Arduino tugmachasini ulash
Tugma yordamida LEDni yoqish va o‘chirish
Tugmachani ulashning eng oson yo‘li bilan boshlaylik. Quvvat manbai, LED, 220 omli qarshilik va kontaktlarning ishlashini ochadigan va yopadigan tugma sifatida Arduino bilan sxemani ko‘rib chiqamiz.
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Workshop Chairs Lev M. Babkov, Kirill V. Berezin Saratov State University (Russia)

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Workshop Chairs Lev M. Babkov, Kirill V. Berezin Saratov State University (Russia)
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bet | 49/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Workshop Chairs Lev M. Babkov, Kirill V. Berezin Saratov State University (Russia)
Secretaries Sergey N. Firsunin, Saratov State University (Russia)
International Program Committee Lev M. Babkov, Saratov State University (Russia), Lev A. Gribov, Institute named by V. I. Vernadskyi RAS (Moscow, Russia), Dmitry S. Umreiko, Belarus State University (Minsk, Belorussia), Nadezda A. Davydova, Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Tatiana G. Bourova, Saratov State Pedagogical Institute (Russia), Nikolai V. Burenin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS (Moscow, Russia), Victor L. Furer, Kazan Civil Engineer Academy (Russia), Alexander V. Gorohov, Samara State University (Russia)
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Light stimulated anomalous self-blocking of all-optical poling

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Light stimulated anomalous self-blocking of all-optical poling
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bet | 48/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Light stimulated anomalous self-blocking of all-optical poling. V.A. Smirnov, L.I. Vostrikova, Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Departments of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Informational Technologies of NSUEM, Russia
Highly anisotropic tunable photonic crystals based on porous silicon filled with azobenzene-containing copolymer. Sergey E. Svyakhovskiy, Alexey Yu. Bobrovsky, Valery P. Shibaev Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
Red-light action on photo-induced susceptibility gratings. Liubov I. Vostrikova, Vitaly A. Smirnov Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Departments of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Informational Technologies of NSUEM, Russia
Dynamics of anapole mode in dielectric particles.Sergey E. Svyakhovskiy, Vladimir V. Ternovski, Michael I. Tribelsky, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
Conference on
Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling XX
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