nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Elektron darslik yaratish harajatlarini aniqlash texnologiyalari

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ED strukturasini shakllantirish;
matnni kiritish, tahrirlash va formatlash (matn tahrirlovchi);
statik illyustrativ qismini tayyorlash (grafik tahrirlovchi);
dinamik illyustrativ qismini tayyorlash (ovoz va animatsiya);
boshqa vositalarni bajaruvchi modullarini kiritish va b.
Ommaviy qo’llanishga mo’ljallangan instrumental vositalarning afzalliklari:
malakali dasturchi bo’lmagan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan ED yaratish
imkoniyati;
mehnat va vaqt sarfining qisqarishi;
kompyuter va dasturiy ta’minot yuqori darajada talab qilinmasligi.
Shu bilan birga bir qator kamchiliklarni ham aytib o’tish lozim:
interfeysning qulaymasligi;
multimedia va gipermedia tizimlariga nisbatan imkoniyatlarini kamligi;
masofaviy o’qitish dasturini yaratish imkoniyati yo’qligi.
Monitorlar uchun himoya filtrlari va ularni tanlash

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2. Erga ulanish shisha filtrlar sezilarli darajada effektivdir: ular qisman statik
zaryadni
kamaytiradi, elektromagnit maydon, ul`trabinafsha nurlari kuchini
kamaytiradi, sur`at kontrasitligini oshiradi. Bu filtlar juda avtomatlashgandir.
3. To`liq himoyani shishali filtrlar (Ergoster Xenium Vnus) – odatda, yuqori
sifatli
mahsulotdir, optik oyna asosida ko`p qatlamli maxsus o`qlamalar bilan
tayyorlangan, o`zida polirizatsiya fil`trni ham mujassam etgan. Bu fil`trlar
ultrafiolet nurlarini, statik maydonlarni bartaraf etadi ko`p darajada elektromagnit
maydon va rentgen nurlanishlarini kamaytiradi. Suratda sakrashlar bo`lmaydi,
suratni kontrastliligi oshadi, lekin bu filtrlar juda qimmatdir.
4.Rossiya federatsiyasida ishlab chiqilgan filtrlar shishali filtrlar (Glibol
Shield va Dejended Ergon filtrlari) ular ham to`la himoya sinfiga mansub. O`zini
xarakteristikasi bilan xorijiy
filtr namunalardan qolishmaydi, 2-3 marotaba arzon,
nisbatan yangi filtrlar ularni sifati ko`pgina texnik xulosalar va sertifikatlar bilan
tasdiqlangan, ular mehnat printsipi past ITI testdan o`tkazilgan, shvetsil
nurlanishdan himoya va ko`rsatkich vositalari ergonomikasi ITU dan ham sinovda
o`tkazilgan rejim Davlat Standarti sertifikati va gigiena sertifikatiga ega.
Product Positioning and Product Repositioning

Product Positioning and Product Repositioning
Definition:
This refers to a place a product offering occupies in consumers' minds on important attributes, relative to competing offerings.
How new and current items in the product mix are perceived, in the minds of the consumer, therefore reemphasizing the importance of perception!!
New Product--need to communicate benefits
Established Products--need to reinforce benefits
Ideal Characteristics
Need to introduce products that possess characteristics that the target market most desires, ideal. Product positioning is crucial.
Consumers desires refer to the attributes consumers would like the products to possess--IDEAL POINTS.
Whenever a group of consumers has a distinctive "ideal" for a product category, they represent a potential target market segment.
A firm does well if its attributes (of the product) are perceived by consumers as being close to their ideal. The objective is to be "more ideal" than the competitors.
Each product must provide some unique combination of new features desired by the target market.
Instead of allowing the customer to position products independently, marketers try to influence and shape consumers concepts and perceptions.
Marketers can use perception maps.
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Maturity - Review for ets exam…

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Review for ets exam…
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bet | 25/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Maturity
Sales curve peaks-severe competition, consumers are now experienced specialists.
MM Considerations
A product may be rejuvenated through a change in the packaging, new models or aesthetic changes.
Advertising focuses on differentiating a brand, sales promotion aimed at customer (PULL) and reseller (PUSH).
Move to more intense distribution
Price dealing/cutting or meeting competition
Provides company with a large, loyal group of stable customers. Generally cash cows that can support other products.
Strategies during maturity include:
Modification of product...use line extensions
Reposition Product
Weaker competition will have left the market place.
Decline
Sales fall off rapidly. Can be caused by new technology or a social trend.
Can justify continuing with the product as long as it contributes to profits or enhances the effectiveness of the product mix.
Need to decide to eliminate or reposition to extend its life.
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Packaging - Review for ets exam…

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Review for ets exam…
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bet | 19/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Packaging
Consists of a products physical container, label and/or insert.
Approximately 10% of product selling cost.
Development of a container and a graphic design for a product. Can affect purchase decisions IE pump dispenser on a tube of toothpaste.
Packaging Functions include:
Protect product and maintain functional form, IE milk.
Foil shop lifting
Offer convenience, Usage
Promote product by communicating features "last 5 seconds of mktg", Campbells red labels...
Develop reusable package for alternative use.
Segmentation, tailored to a specific group
Packaging decision serve the channel members and the final consumer.
Cost--how much are customers willing to pay for the packaging?
Preprinted cost, use UPC codes
Must comply with the FDA packaging regulations.
Make product tampering evident to the reseller and customer, cost benefit with liability
Need to consider consistency among package designs--Family packaging...category consistent...Pringles
Need to inform potential buyers of new products content, features, uses, advantages and hazards.
Need to create a desirable image through color etc. Can be designed to appear taller or shorter (thin vertical lines for taller) People associate specific colors with certain feelings, Red with fire. Do not package meet in green!!
Must meet the needs of resellers--transportation, storage and handling.
Environmental responsibility.
CD Packing Issues
AOL Packaging
Labeling
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Elektron darsliklar! Ular bizga nima beradi?

62
Quyida asosiy sahifaning pastki qismi ko’rsatilgan. Bunda chap qismida
fanning bazi kerakli ma’lumotlari va foydali saytlar keltirilgan.
3.2.2-rasm. Asosiy sahifaning pastki ko’rinishi.
Quyida Majmua bo’limi keltirilgan. Bunda o’qituvchilar tayyorlagan
majmuaning elektron ko’rinishi keltirilgan.
3.2.3-rasm. Majmua oynasi.
Qo’llanmalar oynasida fanga doir o’quv materiallar keltirilgan. Har bir
meterialni ustiga chertsa qo’llanmaga kiradi.
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3.2.4-rasm. Qo’llanmalar oynasi.
Test oynasida talabalarni bilimlarini baxolash bo’yicha birinchi va ikkinchi
oraliq savollari keltirilgan.
3.2.5-rasm. Test oynasi.
MEHNAT MUHOFAZASI - Salom Dunyo! yoziladi va uni Birinchi htm qilib

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normallashuvchi o`zgarishlar chaqiradigan mikroiqlim o`lchamlari yigindisi yo`l
qo`yiladigan iqlim sharoitlari deb qaraladi. Bunday holda organizmga shikast
yetmaydi yoki salomatlikning axvoliga zarar bo`lmaydi,
biroq diskomfort
issiqlikni sezish, inson o`zini yomon xis qilishi va mexnatga layoqati pasayishi
(sustlashishi) mumkinligi kuzatiladi.
Xonani tanlash.Xona keng, me`yorida yoritilgan va havosi oson
almashtiriladigan bo`lishi kerak. Yorqin quyosh nurlari monitorga salbiy ta`sir
etadi. Qorong`u xonada faqat ish joyini yoritish
ham maqsadga muvofiq
emasdir.Stolni shunday joylashtiring-ki, deraza oynasi qarshingizda bo`lmasin.
Agar oyna yon tomonda bo`lsa, yana parda yoki jalyo`zi jonimizga oro kiritadi.
Chang va issiqliq salomatlikka putur yetkazibgina qolmay, texnikaga ham yomon
ta`sir o`tkazadi, shuning uchun xonaga konditsioner o`rnatgan ma`qul.
Salom Dunyo! yoziladi va uni Birinchi htm qilib - bet 19

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Salom Dunyo! yoziladi va uni Birinchi htm qilib
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bet | 19/26 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 206,48 Kb. | | #120822 |
Bog'liq Bob elektron darslik yaratishning nazariy-fayllar.orgIII. TADBIQ QILISHNI TASHKIL QILISH VA LOYIHA
SAMARADORLIGI.
3.1. Yoshlar tarbiyasida elektron darsliklarning o’rni.
Hozirgi kunda elektron qurilmalar o’quvchilarning kundalik hayotiga jadal
suratlar bilan kirib bormoqda. Mobil telefon, noutbuk, internetdan foydalanish
oddiy xolga aylandi.Mutaxassislarning fikricha insonning eshitish a’zolariga
nisbatan ko’rish a’zolari yordamida besh marotaba ko’p ma’lumotlarni eslab qolish
mumkin. Sababi eshitish a’zolariga qaraganda ko’rish a’zolaridan olinayotgan
ma’lumotlar qayta kodlashtirilmay to’g’ridan to’g’ri inson xotirasiga o’tadi va
saqlanadi.
Elektron darslikning sifati o’qituvchining shaxsiy bilim saviyasi, ushbu fan
uchun mualliflik uslubi, pedagogik, psixologik va metodik yondoshuviga bog’liq.
Elektron darsliklar bilim oluvchilarning tasavvurini kengaytirishga, dastlabki
bilimlarini rivojlantirishga va chuqurlashtirishga, qo’shimcha ma’lumotlar bilan
ta’minlashga mo’ljallangan bo’lib, bilim oluvchilarga mustaqil va erkin fikrlash,
olingan bilimlarini bosqichma — bosqich boyitish, mukamallashtirib borish,
mustaqil ta’lim olish, yangi bilimlarni o’quv adabiyotlardan izlab topish
ko’nikmalarini hosil qilishni ta’minlaydi.
Hozirgi kunga kelib yuqorida ko’tarilgan muammolarning ko’pgina qismi
o’z echimini topmoqda. O’zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2012
yil 10 avgustdagi 242-sonli “O’rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi muassasalari rahbar
va pedagog kadrlarining malakaasini oshirish va ularni qayta tayyorlash tizimini
yanada takomillashtirishga doir chora-tadbirlar to’g’risida” gi va 2012 yil 26
sentyabrdagi, “Oliy ta’lim muassasalari pedagog kadrlarini qayta tayyorlash va
ularning malakasini oshirish tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari
to’g’risida“gi 278-sonli qarorlariga asosan oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim tizimidagi
pedagog kadrlarini qayta tayyorlash va ularning malakasini oshirish bugungi kunda
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HTML dasturi - Salom Dunyo! yoziladi va uni Birinchi htm qilib

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Salom Dunyo! yoziladi va uni Birinchi htm qilib
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bet | 17/26 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 206,48 Kb. | | #120822 |
Bog'liq Bob elektron darslik yaratishning nazariy-fayllar.orgHTML dasturi.
Internet tarmog’i gipermatn hujjatlarga asoslangan gigant ma’lumotlar
to’plamini o’z ichiga oladi. Har qanday gipermatn hujjat ANSI ASCII formatidagi
oddiy fayldir. Bu fayllar o’z ichiga matn va uning o’lchami uchun teglar, boshqa
shunday hujjatlar uchun murojaatlar, grafik tasvirlar va har qanday boshqa fayllar
ko’rinishida bo’lishi mumkin. Gipermatnni ko’rish uchun brouzer yuklanadi,
barcha fayllar brouzerda maxsus HTML(Hyper Text MarkUp Language-
Gipermatn o’lchamlarini o’rnatish tili) tili bilan birgalikda qayta ishlanadi. HTML
tili tarixidan ba’zi ma’lumotlar. HTML tili ishlab chiqaruvchilari uning bir nechta
versiyalarini ishlab chiqardilar. 1.0 va 2.0 versiyalar chiqarilgandan so’ng 1995
yilda 3.0 versiyaning qoralama varianti tayyorlandi. Bu 2.0 versiyaga anchagina
qoshimchalar qoshilgan versiya edi. Asosiy brouzer ishlab chiqaruvchilar
(Netscape
va
Microsoft
kompaniyalari)
o’zlarining
maxsus
HTML
kengaytmalarini ishlab chiqdilar, bu kengaytmalar bir biriga tushmas edi. Hozirga
vaqtda Netscape Novigator ning 6.0 va Microsoft Internet Explorer ning 5.5
versiyalar deyarli bir xil bo’lib, kengaytmalri orasida deyarli tafovut yo’q.
Muvaffaqiyatsiz bo’lgan HTML ning 3.0 versiyasi 3.2 versiyaga almashtirildi. Bu
versiyasni ishlab ciqarishda Netscape Communications Corporation, Microsoft,
IBM, Novell, SoftQuad, Sun Microsystem va Spyglass kompaniyalari ishtirok
etdilar. Hozirga kunda HTML ning yana bir 4.0 versiyasi ishlab chiqarilgan bo’lib
o’zida ko’plab foydali kengaytmalarga ega. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki HTML tili
hech qanday dasturlash tili emasdir. HTML- bu o’lchamlarni tipik tili, uning
yordami bilan hujjatlarni bezash, murojaatlar hosil qilish mumkin lekin dastur
tuziah emas. Hatto Web sahifalarda ko’radiganimiz maxsus harkatlar(effektlar)ni
ham HTML da tuzilmaydi, bunday harakatlar qo’shimcha vositalar ,masalan
JavaScript tilida tuziladi. HTMLda sahifa hosil qilish HTML sahifalar oddiy matn
fayllardir, shuning uchun sahifa tayyorlashda Microsoft Notepad sodda matn
redaktori o’zi yetarli. Sahifa tayyolash uchun Notepad dasturi ishga tushiriladi.
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Unda
Animatsiya. Elektron darslik bosma o’quv materialini barcha tomonlarini
saqlash va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni qo’llashga imkon beradi. Dinamik tasvirga
statik tasvirni ko’z oldiga keltirish. Animatsiya bu harakat samarasini joriy etish
jarayonidir. Animatsiya quyidagilarni taminlaydi:
matn axborotini qismlab beradi; tasvir qismlarini so’zsiz harakatiing jarayoni; rasm
harakati (so’zsiz); tarixiy janglar so’zsiz harakatini; fizik va kimyoviy jarayonlar;
texnologik jarayonlar texnik konstruktsiyalash; tabiiy hodisalar jarayoni; siyosiy
hodisalar jarayoni; sotsial hodisalar jarayoni;
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MM considerations - Review for ets exam…

MM considerations
May need to perform some type of product modification to correct weak or omitted attributes in the product.
Need to build brand loyalty (selective demand), communications should stress the brand of the product, since consumers are more aware of the products benefits and there is more competition, must differentiate your offering from your competitors.
May begin to move toward intensive distribution-the product is more accepted; therefore intermediaries are more inclined to risk accepting the product.
Price dealing/cutting or meeting competition, especially if previously adopted a price skimming strategy.
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Existing Products - Review for ets exam…

Sun Tan Lotion Example:
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Old Position | New Position
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Glamour--------------------------------------------------Health
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Traditional sun tan lotion positioned as aiding in getting a very glamorous deep tan etc.
Dermatologist reports...skin cancer etc.
Lifestyle needs change, move to more health conscious society
Need to reposition sun tan lotion as a healthy way to be exposed to the sun.
Target market has shifted from the left quartile to the right quartile as far as needs are concerned.
Sun tan marketers need to do same as far as changing consumers perception for the product.
How?
Change Promotion: "Tan don't Burn" The St. Tropez Tan vs. Ultra Sweat Proof Serious tan for...Be Sun Smart
Change Product: Sunscreen and sunless tanning agent.
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Product Life Cycle - Review for ets exam…

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Review for ets exam…
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bet | 23/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Popularized by Theodore Levitt, 1965
PLC can be applied to:
product category (Watch)
product style (Digital)
a product item/brand (Timex)
Four Stages to the Product Life Cycle:
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
The following material refers to the PLC as far as the product category is concerned unless otherwise stated.
Introduction
Failure rate for new products can range from 60%-90%, depending on the industry. A product does not have to be an entirely new product, can be a new model (car), a new product for the company, or repositioning a product to a new market.
Need to build channels of distribution/selective distribution
Dealers offered promotional assistance to support the product...PUSH strategy.
Develop primary demand/pioneering information, communications should stress the benefits of the product to the consumer, as opposed to the brand name of the particular product, since there will be little competition at this stage and you need to educate consumers of the product's benefits.
Price skimming...set a high price in order to recover developmental costs as soon as possible.
Price penetration...set a low price in order to avoid encouraging competitors to enter the market, also helps increase demand and therefore allows the company to take advantage of economies of scale.
Growth
Need to encourage strong brand loyalty; competitors are entering the market place. Profits begin to decline late in the growth stage.
May need to pursue further segmentation.
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Buyers' Product Adoption Process

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Buyers' Product Adoption Process
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bet | 30/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Awareness
Buyers become aware of the product
Interest
Buyers seek information and is receptive to learning about product
Evaluation
Buyers consider product benefits and determines whether to try it
Trial
Buyers examine, test or try the product to determine usefulness relative to needs
Adoption
Buyers purchase the product and can be expected to use it when the need for the general type of product arises.
Rate of adoption depends on consumer traits as well as the product and the firm's marketing efforts.
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Mavzuni mustahkamlash va yakunlash

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Mavzuni mustahkamlash va yakunlash
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 17.05.2024 | Hajmi | 370,67 Kb. | | #239258 |
Bog'liq 7-sinf informatika dars ishlanmaMavzuni mustahkamlash va yakunlash:
Bu bosqichda o‘quvchilarga mavzudagi asosiy tushunchalar bilan bog‘liq savollar va topshiriqlar bilan murojaat qilish yoki test vazifalarini berish mumkin.
Darslikdagi 1, 2 – mashqlarni bajarish.
Uyga vazifa:
Darslikdagi 3 – mashqlar, 3 ta test yoki krossvord yoki skanvord tuzish.
Qo‘shimcha savol va topshiriqlar
Qidiruv tizimlari nima uchun kerak?
Qidiruv tizimlari qanday imkoniyatlarni beradi?
Qidiruv tizimlaridagi .ru yoki .com sifatlari nimani bildiradi?
www.google.uz sayti yordamida tariximizga oid ma’lumotlar oling.
www.ziyonet.uz saytidan informatikaga oid ma’lumotlar oling.
Mashqlar
1. Google.uz saytida “kompyuter” va “dastur” kalit so’zlari yordamida topilgan sahifalar sonini aniqlang.
2. www.rambler.ru qidiruv tizimi yordamida “компьютер”va“программа”kalit so’zlari yordamida topilgan sahifalar sonini aniqlang.
Testlar
1. Quyidagi Internet-serverlardan qaysi biri qidiruv tizimi?
a) rambler.ru
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b) yahoo.com
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d) aport.ru
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e) barchasi
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2. Faqat qidiruv tizimlari ko‘rsatilgan javobni ko‘rsating.
3. Qidiruvtizimiyordamidaquyidagilardanqaysibiriniizlashmumkin?
4. Qidiruvtizimiyordamidaquyidagilardanqaysibiriniizlashmumkin?
5. Qidiruv tizimida biror dasturni topish uchun qidiruv satriga nimalarni yozish mumkin?
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Darsning tashkil etilishi - Mavzu: Internetda ma’lumotlarni izlash Darsning maqsad va vazifalari: Maqsad

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Mavzu: Internetda ma’lumotlarni izlash Darsning maqsad va vazifalari: Maqsad
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 17.05.2024 | Hajmi | 370,67 Kb. | | #239258 |
Bog'liq 7-sinf informatika dars ishlanmaDarsning tashkil etilishi:
a) salomlashish, davomatni aniqlash, uy vazifani so’rash;
b) o`quvchilarni darsga hozirlab, sinfga jonli muhit yaratish;
2. Uyga berilgan “Internetda ishlashni ta’minlovchi dasturlar” mavzusiga oid bilimlarni tekshirish.
O‘qituvchi tomonidan “Internetda ishlashni ta’minlovchi dasturlar” mavzuga doir “Galereya” metodidan foydalanib o’tilgan bilimlarni qanday egallaganliklari va bu mavzudan nimalarni bilib olganliklari aniqlanadi. (mazkur mashg’ulotni o’tkazishdan avval o’quvchilarni guruhlarga ajratiladi va ularga beriladigan materialni qanday internet tizimida bajarishlari haqida tanishtiriladi. So‘ng tarqatma materiallar guruhlarga beriladi. Guruh a’zolari birgalikda fikrlashib tarqatma materialda berilgan topshiriqni yozma ifodalaydilar. Mavzu bo’yicha imkon boricha to’laroq ma’lumot berishlari kerak bo’ladi)
1-guruh
2-guruh
Tushunchalar
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Mazmuni
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Internet Explorer dasturi interfeysi Menyular satri nimalardan iboratligini amaliy ko‘rsating va yozing
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3-guruh
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Retailing - Review for ets exam…

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Review for ets exam…
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bet | 37/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Retailing
Retailing includes all interactions w/ final customer
Store retailing (specialty, department stores, supermarkets, convenience, superstores, discount stores, warehouse stores, hypermarkets and catalog showrooms)
Non-store retailing (direct selling, direct mail billing, catalogs, web, vending machines)
Retail organizations (corporate chains, voluntary chains / retailer cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, franchises, independents)
Retail life cycle
Wheel of retailing
Retail market planning:
target audiences
product: assortment and service
product: positioning (Kmart vs. Wal Mart and Target)
product: services and store atmospherics
product: symbiotic relationships
pricing
promotion
place
Retailing trends:
new forms
shortening life cycles
non store growth
intertype competition, polarity, category killers
one-stop shopping
global expansion
stores as meeting places
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Wholesaling - Review for ets exam…

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Review for ets exam…
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bet | 38/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Wholesaling
Wholesaling includes all interactions w/ intermediaries buying for resale or business use.
Functions include:
selling and promotion
buying and assortment-building
bulk-breaking
warehousing
transporting
financing
risk bearing
supplying market information
Wholesalers comprise four groups:
merchant wholesalers (take possession, full service vs. limited service)
agents and brokers (do not take possession, paid commission)
manufacturers' and retailers' branches
miscellaneous wholesalers (e.g. agricultural, bulk chemicals)
Increasing importance of logistics, and providing a system-wide approach at reducing costs.
Logistics decisions:
order processing (shorten order to remittance cycle)
warehousing
inventory
transportation (rail, air, trucks, waterways, and pipelines)
Interesting sites:
Carmax.com for used cars
Amazon.com for used books
Napster and Gnutella for music
Discussion Topic: Impact of channel members creating a market for used product. Is this good or bad for the market, how does it impact the value of the new product?
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Relevant Knowledge @ Wharton Articles

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Relevant Knowledge @ Wharton Articles
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bet | 39/48 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 292 Kb. | | #13438 | Turi | Review |
Relevant Knowledge @ Wharton Articles
Kmart’s 20-Year Identity Crisis
Taking Stock of Supermarket Retail Performance
Pay-for-Performance Trade Promotions Can Ease Friction Between Manufacturers and Retailers
Christmas E-tailers: Will It Be Ho-Ho or So-So?
Making the Case for Outside Sales Reps
How Store Location and Pricing Structure Affect Shopping Behavior
Add relevant websites
Link to discussion board
Return to Syllabus
Marketing Strategy: Key Concepts 9 Direct and Online Marketing
An interactive system that creates a measurable response (variable cost versus fixed cost of marketing) and / or transaction.
Goal to develop relationships with customers.
Rapid growth rate.
catalog and direct mail sales growing about 7% annually (retail sales @ 3%)
internet growth rates (Cyberatlas is a great resource for the number)
Growth due to innovations in:
technology: databases (data mining and warehouses) / communication systems
toll-free telephone services
payment systems (credit cards and smart cards)
Provides continuity, better timing, testability and privacy. Can benefit both customers and business with highly targeted and efficient exchanges.
Database marketing to support direct marketing. Companies can use their databases to:
identify prospects
differentiate offers
cross sell products
build loyalty
reactivate customer purchases
Issues with direct marketing include:
annoyance
deception and fraud
privacy
Major direct marketing channels:
Face-to-Face
Direct Mail (inc. voice-mail and e-mail, bills, fax)
Catalog Marketing (inc. CDs)
Telemarketing (use of computers / cell phones (contextual marketing)
TV (direct response advertising / infomercials / shopping channels)
Kiosks (and vending machines)
Online (permission based marketing)
Online marketing is the most recent evolution of direct marketing. This can create channel conflict.
E-Commerce Marketing
Session 1: Introduction
Session 2: Aspect of WWW as a Medium
Session 3: Markets and Pricing Models and Digital Economics
Session 4: Advertising
Session 5: E-tailing
Session 6: Integrated Marketing and Communications
Direct Marketing Association
Add relevant websites
|
| |
Relevant Knowledge @ Wharton Articles

Will Consumers Be Willing to Pay for Their Formerly Free Lunch on the Internet?
Can Priceline Remain Profitable?
New Internet Pricing Models Bring Pain, and Fortune, to Retailers
Is the Price Right? Ask Jay Walker
How Store Location and Pricing Structure Affect Shopping Behavior
Link to discussion board
Return to Syllabus
Marketing Strategy: Key Concepts 8
Use intermediaries who perform functions more efficiently. Functions include:
information flow
promotion
negotiation
ordering
financing
risk taking
physical possession
payment and title
Two key issues to support intermediaries
Improve exchange efficiency (5 mf. and 5 customers = 25 transactions with no intermediary; 10 transactions with one intermediary)
specialize in functions listed above
Types of utility provided by intermediaries:
Time
Place
Possession
Form
Channel decisions include:
direct selling versus using 1 or 2 or more intermediaries
Manufacturer -> Consumer
Manufacturer -> Retailer -> Consumer
Manufacturer -> Wholesaler -> Retailer -> Consumer
Manufacturer -> Distributor -> Wholesaler -> Retailer -> Consumer
Examples
analyze customers' desired service outputs (size, waiting time, spatial convenience, support etc.)
channel objectives and constraints (based on product characteristics, intermediaries, environment and competitors channels)
buyer behavior (consumer and channel)
buyer demographics
identify channel alternatives (exclusive (BMW) vs. selective (clothes lines) vs. intensive (orange juice))
competitors' channels
channel terms and responsibilities
Channel incentives (trade promotions etc.)
evaluate channel by economic, adaptive and control criteria
Direct to market =
Greater fixed cost
Greater effectiveness / control over contacts
Greater control over targeting
Indirect to market =
Greater variable cost
Less control / responsibility
Greater coverage
Knowledge of customer within channel
Issues in selecting channel partners:
What role do partner play?
What margin do we give?
Can / do they carry competing / complementary product, private labels
How do we incentivize
Do they pass on price cuts?
How do we control for cannibalization w/ other channels (direct)?
Lock-in to channel decisions
Channel decisions impact on other elements of the mix
Life cycle issues change channel strategy.
Early stage: Specialized channels
Growth stage: Alternative channels
Maturity stage: Mass channels
Early stage: high control, service and delivered price
Later stage: increasing conflict, range of providers, complexity of channel
Channel member relationships
Impact of trade promotions: distortion effects?
Zero sum Relationship w/ channel members?
Need to build symbiotic relationships with channel members.
Channel modification issues
Trends include vertical, horizontal and multi-channel conflict.
Internet has had significant impact re: building new channels and changing industries through disintermediation and information flow issues.
Legal and ethical issues:
Exclusive dealing
Exclusive territories
Tying agreements
Dealers' rights
|
Adabiyotlar ro‘yxati - 1 A. X. O‘roqov

Adabiyotlar ro‘yxati
1.
Vasilev A.P. Ekspluatastiya avtomobilnыx dorog. 2 chast. M.Akademiya. 2010.
320 str.
2.
Sadikov I.S., Azizov K.X., Artikov A.A. Obustroystvo i blagoustroystvo
avtomobilnыx dorog. T. Shark. 2010. 340 bet.
3.
Vasilev A.P. Shambar P. Poverxnostnaya obrabotka s sinxronnыm
raspredeleniem materialov. (Opыt dorojnikov Franstii). M. 1999. 100 str.
4.
Uplotnenie i ukladka dorojnыx materialov. Teoriya i praktika. Sankt Peterburg.
1995. 120 str.
5.
MShN 24-2005. Texnicheskix pravil remont i soderjaniya avtomobilnыx
dorog. GAK «Uzavtoyul» ADNII. 2007.200 str.
6.
ShNQ 3.06.03-2008. Avtomobilnыe dorogi.
7.
Umumiy foydalaniladigan avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlari
tasnifi / Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2006 yil 1 noyabrdagi 226-son qaroriga
1-ilova. - Toshkent: 2006. - 18 b. (VM 2011 yil 31 dekabrdagi 352-sonli qarori
bo‘yicha qo‘shimcha va o‘zgartirishlar).
8.
Termorisaykling. Rekomendastii po primeneniyu. Germaniya. 2000.
9.
Vasilev A.P. Sidenko V.M. Remont i soderjanie avtomobilnыx dorog.
spravochnik. M.Transport. 1989 g. 287 str.
10.
Silyanov V.V., Domke E.R. Transportno-ekspluatastionnыe kachestva
avtomobilnыx dorog i gorodskix ulist. M.; Izdatelskiy stentr «Akademiya».
2008. 352 s.
11.
Spravochnaya enstiklopediya dorojnika. Remont i soderjanie avtomobilnыx
dorog. Pod redakstii A.P. Vasileva. M. 2004. 1129 str.
12.
A.P. Vasilev. Ekspluatastiya avtomobilnыx dorog. 1 chast. M.Akademiya.
2010. 320 str.
13.
Instrukstiya po opredeleniyu iznosa dorojnыx pokrыtiy v period ekspluatastii.
IKN 69-2011.T. NIIAD GAK «Uzavtoyul».
14.
Leonovich I.I. Diagnostika i upravlenie kachestvom avtomobilnыx dorog. –
432
Minsk: Izd-vo BNTU, 2003. – 351 s.
15.
MShN
33-2008
Ukazaniya
po
blagoustroystvu
i
ozeleneniyu
avtomobilnыx dorog. Tashkent 2008 g. 145 str.
16.
MShN 24-2005 Texnicheskie pravila remonta i soderjaniya avtomobilnыx
dorog. Tashkent 2005 – 574 str.
17.
MKN 31-2008 Norma rasxodov sredstv i pravila rascheta na remont i
soderjanie avtomobilnыx dorog obщego polzovaniya. Tashkent 2010 – 57 str.
|
1 A. X. O‘roqov

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bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ko‘kalamzorlashtirish texnologiyalari

7
5.7. O‘simliklarni ro‘yxatga olish va ko‘karuvchanligini aniqlash,
ko‘chatxonalarni tashkil etish.
213
6 bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini joriy ta’mirlash texnologiyalari
218
6.1. Yo‘ldagi no‘qsonlar turlari va yuzaga kelish sabablari.
218
6.2. Yo‘l poyini va suv qochirish tizimini joriy ta’mirlash.
226
6.3. Yo‘l poyi yonbag’ri va yo‘l yoqasini joriy ta’mirlash.
229
6.4. Yo‘l qoplamasini joriy ta’mirlash.
232
6.5. Yo‘l qoplamasi yoriqlari va o‘yiqlarini, qoplama choklarini
ta’mirlashning texnologiyalari.
237
6.6. Asfaltbeton qoplamalarini termoprofillash.
258
6.7. Nobikir yo‘l to‘shamasini va qoplamasini regenerastiyasi.
263
6.8. Asfaltbeton qoplamalarini emiriluvchi qatlamini qayta tiklash
texnologiyalari.
272
6.9. Qoplama ustki yuzasiga sirtqi ishlov berish va qoplama g’adir
budurligini oshirish usullari.
272
6.10. Stementbeton qoplamalarini joriy ta’mirlash.
288
6.11. Yo‘lning ko‘pchigan bo‘laklarini ta’mirlash texnologiyalari.
297
6.12. G’ildirak izini bartaraf etish texnologiyalari.
303
6.13. Yo‘llarni jihozlash elementlarini joriy ta’mirlash.
313
Раздел 3. Организаsия работ по ремонту и содержанию

|
Раздел 3. Организаsия работ по ремонту и содержанию
353
Раздел 3. Организаsия работ по ремонту и содержанию
автомобильных дорог
Глава 8. Технический учет и паспортизаsия автомобильных дорог
359
8.1. Задачи и порядок проведения технического учета и паспортизаsии. 359
8.2. Создание учетной карточки дороги.
363
8.3. Автоматизированная система технической паспортизаsии дорог и
создание банка дорожных данных.
367
8.4. Учет интенсивности движения.
370
8.5. Охрана автомобильных дорог.
376
Глава 9. Организаsия и премка работ по ремонту и содержанию
автомобильных дорог
380
9.1. Принsипы и методы организаsии работ по ремонту и содержанию
автомобильных дорог.
380
9.2. Организаsия работ по ремонту и содержанию дорог.
385
9.3. Оsенка и контроль качества работ по ремонту и содержанию дорог. 387
9.4. Приемка работ по ремонту и содержанию дорог.
389
9.5. Организаsия производственные базы дорожной службы.
391
9.6. Охрана труда и окружающей среды при ремонте и содержании
автомобильных дорог, правила техники безопасности.
393
Глава 10. Принsипы расчета расходов средств по ремонту и
содержанию дорог
397
10.1. Правила расчета расходов средств на ремонт и содержание
автомобильных дорог.
397
10.2. Планирование годовых объемов работ по текущему ремонту и
содержанию автомобильных дорог.
399
10.3. Формирование и техническое оснащение бригад, занятых на 405
13
текущем ремонте и содержании дорог.
10.4. Расчет расходов средств на ремонт и содержание автомобильных
дорог общего пользования .
417
Список литературы.
431
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| |
bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash bo‘yicha tadbirlar

6
3.2. Yo‘l to‘shamasi va qoplamasini saqlash texnologiyalari.
59
3.3. Yo‘l
xizmati bino va inshootlarini, yo‘l
jihozlarini saqlash
texnologiyalari.
63
3.4. Yo‘llarni changsizlantirish.
64
3.5. Yo‘l mintaqasida begona o‘simliklarga qarshi kurash.
65
3.6. Avtomobil yo‘llarini tog’li sharoitda saqlash texnologiyalari.
67
3.7. Avtomobil yo‘llarini qumli sharoitda saqlash texnologiyalari.
71
3.8. Avtomobil yo‘llarini sug’oriladigan hududlarda saqlash texnologiyalari. 75
4 bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini qish davrida saqlash texnologiyalari
79
4.1. Qishki davrda avtomobil yo‘llarini saqlashning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari.
79
4.2. Qish davrida yo‘llarning holatiga qo‘yiladigan talablar.
84
4.3. Yo‘llarni qor bosishi va qor uyumlaridan himoyalash.
88
4.4. Qordan himoyalovchi qurilmalar turlari.
91
4.5. Yo‘llarni qordan tozalash usullari.
99
4.6. Avtomobil magistrallarini qordan tozalashning o‘ziga xos tomonlari.
107
4.7. Tog’li yo‘llarni qishki saqlash va qor kuchkilariga
qarshi kurashish
texnologiyalari.
110
4.8. Yo‘llarda qishki sirpanchiqlikka qarshi kurash usullari.
118
4.9. Qishgi saqlashda ishlatiladigan materiallar va mexanizmlar.
121
4.10. Qishgi saqlashni tashkil qilish va meteorologik ta’minlash.
129
1 A. X. O‘roqov - bet 2

4
УДК 625.76 (031)
АННОТАЦИЯ
Настоящий учебник рекомендовано Советом
Ташкентского института
по проектированию, строительству и эксплуатации
автомобильных дорог в
качестве учебника для бакалавров,
обучающихся по направлению
образования 5340600 «Эксплуатация транспортных сооружений (по
автомобильным дорогам».
В учебнике подробно освещены современные технологии ремонта и
содержания
автомобильных дорог, современные механизмы и техники
ремонта автомобильных дороги и их применение.
Учебник предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению
образования 5340600 «Эксплуатация транспортных сооружений (по
автомобильным дорогам», а также специалистов дорожного хозяйства.
UDK 625.76 (031)
ABSTRACT
This textbook is recommended by the scientific
council of the Tashkent
Automobile and Road Institute as a textbook for master’s students in "Repair and
maintenance of roads and airdromes" 5A340602
In the textbook, modern technology of repair and maintenance of roads and
airdromes,
as well as road construction, modern machinery and equipment repair
of roads and their application is covered in detail.
The textbook is intended for students majoring in "Repair
and maintenance
of roads and airdromes" as well as road construction specialists.
5
MUNDARIJA
KIRISh
14
1-bo‘lim. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlashning nazariy
asoslari
1 bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarida ta’mirlash va saqlash texnologiyalarini
rivojlanishi
16
1.1. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi avtomobil yo‘llari tarmog’ining zamonaviy
holati.
16
1.2. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash
texnologiyalari fanining
asosiy maqsadi va vazifalari.
20
1.3. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash bo‘yicha mavjud
muammolar.
1.4. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va
saqlash texnologiyalarining
rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari.
1.5. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash korxonalarining tuzilishi va
ularning asosiy vazifalari.
21
23
26
Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash bo‘yicha mavjud

22
qurilgan, lekin bugungi kunda ushbu yo‘llarda harakat jadalligining o‘sishi
bilan
oqim tarkibida «A» hisobiy guruh (o‘qqa tushadigan yuk 100-110 kN)
avtomobillarining harakati kuzatilishi, yo‘l tuzilmasi ko‘taruvchanligi pastligidan
ko‘plab buzilishlar sodir bo‘lishiga olib kelmoqda.
Natijada mukammal ta’mirlashga bo‘lgan talab muddatidan [5]
oldinroq
yuzaga kelmoqda. Bugungi kunda respublikada ta’mirlash ishlarining o‘z
muddatida bajarilmasligi, qurilish materiallarining talabga javob bermasligi,
zamonaviy texnologiyalarning
etishmasligi, sohada malakali mutaxassislarga
bo‘lgan talabning yuqoriligi va yo‘llarni saqlash ishlarining sifatsizligi kabi
sabablar tufayli, “ta’mirlanmay qolgan yo‘llar” ko‘payib
bormoqda va bu
ko‘rsatkich umumiy foydalanishdagi yo‘l tarmog’ining 59 % ni tashkil qiladi [3].
Hozirgi avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini moliyalashtirish
tizimi ushbu muammoni bartaraf qilishda talabga javob bermaydi. Chunki
ajratilgan mablag’lar haqiqiy sarf-xarajatlarga muvofiq kelmaydi.
Avtomobil
yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini moliyalashtirish amaliy ko‘rsatkichini
1991 yilgiga nisbatan solishtirganda 29,7 % ga kamayganligini ko‘rish mumkin
(1.5-rasm) [3]:
1.5-rasm. Respublika bo‘yicha ta’mirlanmay qolgan yo‘llar holati
23
Mahalliy ahamiyatdagi avtomobil yo‘llari butun uzunligi bo‘yicha 15-40 %
gacha, aholi zich bo‘lgan hududlarda 65-100 % gacha [6, 7] aholi yashash
joylaridan o‘tadi. Yo‘llarning aholi yashash joylaridan o‘tgan bo‘lagida
harakat
sharoitining qulayligi yo‘lning boshqa bo‘laklariga nisbatan past, halokatlilik
ko‘rsatkichi 8-10 marotaba yuqori [8, 9], halokatning og’irlik darajasi 1,6 marotaba
katta bo‘ladi [9, 10]. Aholi yashash joylarida yo‘lning geometrik o‘lchamlarida
me’yoriy talablarga mos kelmaslik holatlari ko‘p kuzatiladi.
Bugungi kunda
respublikada avtomobil yo‘llari tarmog’ining 51,7 % ini mahalliy ahamiyatdagi
yo‘llar tashkil qilishi, yo‘l tarmog’ini takomillashtirish
dolzarb masalalardan
ekanligini anglatadi.
Scientific-theoretical journal international education research

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bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini mukammal ta’mirlash texnologiyalari

8
3-bo‘lim. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini tashkil
etish
8 bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini texnik hisobga olish va pasportlashtirish
359
8.1. Yo‘llarni texnik hisobga olish va pasportlashtirish tartibi va vazifalari.
359
8.2. Yo‘l hisob varaqalarini tuzish.
363
8.3. Avtomobil yo‘llarini texnik pasportlashtirishning avtomatlashgan tizimi
va yo‘l ma’ lumotlari bazasini tashkil etish.
367
8.4. Harakat jadalligini hisobga olish.
370
8.5. Avtomobil yo‘llarini muxofaza qilish.
376
9 bob. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini tashkil etish
va ishlarni qabul qilish
380
9.1. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini tashkil etish
tamoyillari va uslublari.
380
9.2. Yo‘llarni ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlarini tashkil etish.
385
9.3. Yo‘llar ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlari sifatini nazorat qilish va baholash. 387
9.4. Yo‘llarni ta’mirlash va saqalash ishlarini qabul qilish.
389
9.5. Ishlab chiqarish bazalarini tashkil qilish.
391
9.6. Avtomobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlashda mehnat va atrof-muhit
muxofazasi, xavfsizlik texnikasi qoidalari.
393
bob. Avtmobil yo‘llarini ta’mirlash va saqlash ishlari bo‘yicha

9
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
14
Раздел 1. Основы теории ремонт и содержания автомобильных
дорог
Глава 1. Развития технологии ремонт и содержания
автомобильных дорог
16
1.1. Современные состояние сети автомобильных дорог Республики
Узбекистан.
16
1.2. Основные sели и задачи предмета технологии ремонт и
содержания автомобильных дорог.
20
1.3. Существующие проблемы по ремонту и содержанию
автомобильных дорог.
21
1.4. Направления развития технологии ремонт и содержания
автомобильных дорог.
23
1.5. Структура предприятий ремонт и содержания автомобильных
дорог и их основные задачи.
26
Глава 2. Система мероприятие по ремонту и содержанию
автомобильных дорог и их планирование
30
2.1. Классификаsия работ по ремонту и содержанию автомобильных
дорог.
30
2.2. Работоспособность автомобильных дорог и критерии назначения
ремонтных работ.
34
2.3. Методы определения межремонтных сроков службы дорожных
одежд и покрытий.
38
2.4. Принsипы планирования работ по ремонту и содержанию дорог.
42
2.5. Определение объемов дорожно-ремонтных работ на основе
результатов диагностики.
45
2.6. Составление ведомость дефектов на автомобильных дорогах.
50
5.2. Способы озеленения автомобильных дорог

11
5.3. Озеленения автомобильных дорог и требования к ним.
148
5.4. Защитные озеленение автомобильных дорог.
183
5.5. Архитектурно-художественное оформление автомобильных дорог и
декоративные озеленения.
196
5.6. Агроклиматическое районирование территории Республики
Узбекистан и классификаsия грунтов.
206
5.7. Регистраsия растений и идентификаsия всхожести, организаsия
питомников.
213
Глава 6. Технология текущего ремонта автомобильных дорог 218
6.1. Причины возникновение и виды дефектов дорог.
218
6.2. Текущий ремонт земляного полотна и системы водоотвода.
226
6.3. Текущий ремонт обочин и откосов земляного полотна.
229
6.4. Текущий ремонт покрытия дорог.
232
6.5. Технология ремонта трещин и ямы, швов покрытий дорог.
237
6.6. Термопрофилирование асфальтобетоных покрытия.
258
6.7. Регенераsия покрытий и нежестких дорожных одежд.
263
6.8. Технология восстановление слоев износа асфальтобетонных
покрытий.
272
6.9. Поверхностная обработка покрытия и методы повышения
шероховатости покрытия.
272
6.10. Текущий ремонт sементобетонных покрытий.
288
6.11. Технология ремонта пучинистых участков дорог.
297
6.12. Технология предупреждение образования колей.
303
6.13. Текущий ремонт элементов обустройства дорог.
313
Глава 7. Технология капитального ремонта автомобильных дорог 318
7.1. Капитальный ремонт земляного полотна и системы водоотвода.
318
7.2. Технологии капитального ремонта дорожных одежд и покрытия.
321
7.3. Капитальный ремонт гравийных и щебеночных покрытий.
327
7.4. Капитальный ремонт асфальтобетонных и sементобетонных
покрытий.
329
12
7.5. Усиление и уширение дорожных одежд.
339
7.6. Капитальный ремонт обстановки дороги.
351
7.7. Применение новых материалов при капитальном ремонте
автомобильных дорог.
Раздел 2. Технология ремонт и содержания автомобильных дорог

10
Глава 3. Технология содержания автомобильных дорог
3.1. Содержания земляного полотна и полосы отвода.
56
3.2. Технология содержания дорожных одежд и покрытий.
59
3.3. Технология содержания обстановки дороги,
зданий и сооружений
дорожной службы.
63
3.4. Обеспеливание дорог.
64
3.5. Борьба с сорняками
на полосы отвода.
65
3.6. Технология содержания автомобильных дорог в горных условиях.
67
3.7. Технология содержания автомобильных
дорог в песчаных
условиях.
71
3.8. Технология содержания автомобильных
дорог в орошаемых
условиях.
75
Глава 4. Технология зимнего содержания автомобильных дорог
79
4.1. Особенности содержания автомобильных дорог в зимний период.
79
4.2. Требования к состоянию дорог в зимний период.
84
4.3. Защита дорог от снежных заносов.
88
4.4. Виды снегозащитные средства и сооружения.
91
4.5. Методы очистки дорог от снега.
99
4.6. Особенности очистки от снега автомобильных магистралей.
107
4.7. Технология зимнего содержания
горных дорог и борьба со
снежными лавинами.
110
4.8. Методы борьбы с зимней скользкостью на автомобильных дорогах. 118
4.9. Материалы и механизмы применяемые
при зимнем содержании
дорог.
121
4.10.
Организаsия и метеорологическое
обеспечение зимнего
содержания дорог.
129
Глава 5. Технология озеленение автомобильных дорог
131
5.1. Классификаsия видов озеленения автомобильных дорог.
Dastur maqsadlari - Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning ijtimoiy-psixologik moslashuvi qo'shimcha ta'limni tashkil etish

Mashg'ulotlar maxsus jihozlangan xonada yoki xonada o'tkaziladi
bir-biri bilan aloqa qilish.
Dasturning xususiyatlari: tuzatish va ishlab chiqish kutilmoqda
- ota-onalarning o'zaro ta'siri, hamkorligi ko'nikmalarini shakllantirish;
1. Salomlashish (marosim, guruhda qabul qilinadi).
mamnuniyat bilan qo'shimcha ta'lim tashkilotiga boring, o'ynang
No p / p
Kutilayotgan natijalar: bolani uning uchun qiyin narsadan ozod qilish
jihozlar: bo'yoqlar, rangli qalamlar, yumshoq o'yinchoqlar, plastilin,
4. Darsni yakunlash. Vidolashuv marosimi.
o'zini bilish, boshqalarni bilish va ishlab chiqarish shakllari ko'nikmalarini shakllantirish
his-tuyg'ularini erkin ifoda etish, yaratish, o'ynash. Xona bo'lishi kerak
guruh psixoterapiyasining elementlari, o'zini namoyon qilish uchun o'yinlar va mashqlar;
orqali bola psixikasining turli jihatlari, uning hissiy va shaxsiy sohasi
bolalar yugurishi, sakrashi, raqsga tushishi mumkin bo'lgan izolyatsiya qilingan xona;
bolalar, o'qituvchilar birgalikda ijodiy faoliyat orqali.
tengdoshlar bilan.
2. Faol ish uchun isinish va sozlash uchun mashq va
sarlavha
Soatlar soni, vaqt
imkoniyatlar; bolaning o'zini va uning atrofini qabul qilishi; muloqot qilish istagi
qog'oz, elim, qaychi, to'p, portativ qum qutisi va boshqalar.
"O'zingiz bilan kelishilgan holda" dasturining tematik dars rejasi

"Men o'zimni nazorat qilishni o'rganyapman-1"
"Men o'zimni nazorat qilishni o'rganyapman-2"
(1 dars)
"O'yinchoqlar
dunyosida" (1 dars) ota-onalar
bilan birgalikda va
30-60 min.
2
"Men boshqalar bilan muloqot qilishni o'rganyapman"
to'rtta
sozlash
to'planishi
mushak
"Men yaratishni o'rganyapman-1"
tarbiyachilar.
Maqsad: bolalar va ota-onalarning o'zaro ta'siri, hamkorlik va
hissiy qo'llab-quvvatlash ko'nikmalarini shakllantirish,
ularning
hissiy yaqinlashuvini rag'batlantirish, ijodiy qobiliyatlarni
rivojlantirish.
Maqsad: bolaga o'zining guruhga tegishli ekanligini his qilishiga
yordam berish, boshqa bolalar tomonidan
tan olinishini his qilish
imkoniyatini berish.
olib tashlash
5
15-30 min.
“Keling, bir-birimizni taniymiz” (1 dars) Maqsad:
bir-birimiz bilan tanishish,
qulay muhit yaratish, guruhga a’zolik
hissini rivojlantirish, bolalarni bir-biriga yaqinlashtirish.
(2 dars)
Maqsad: tasavvur, tajriba jarayonini
faollashtirish va
normallashtirish, ijodiy qobiliyatlarni rivojlantirish.
60 min.
"Men yaratishni o'rganyapman-2"
3
Maqsad: o'z-o'zini boshqarish usullari bilan tanishish, hissiy
ohangni
oshirish, dam olish, kuchlanish, o'z-o'zini hurmat qilish.
15-30 min.
bitta
(2 dars)
30-60 min.
78
Machine Translated by Google
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Mobil tarmoqlar - Reja: Kirish Asosiy qism

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Bog'liq 4G avlod texnologiyalarini o’rganishMobil tarmoqlar.
Mobil qurilmasini istalgan joyga olib yurish mumkin Simsiz aloqa tushunchasi - bu jismoniy qurilma degan ma’noni anglatmaydi. Simsiz tarmoq degani mahalliy tarmoq (LAN), global tarmoq (WAN) yoki 4G / 3G uyali tarmoq kabi simsiz tarmoqqa kirish anglatiladi. Ushbu turdagi tarmoqlar aloqa qilish uchun elektr ta’minoti va tarmoq tugunlariga fizik ulanish uchun yaqin masofadagi ba’zi qurilmalarni talab qiladi. Simsiz tarmoq taqsimlangan tarmoqqa ulanish uchun stasionar yoki portativ oxirgi nuqtani ta’minlaydi. Boshqa tomondan, uyali tarmoq, taqsimlangan tarmoqlarga, yetarli qamrov mavjud bo’lganda, har qanday joyga ko’chib yurish (mobillilikni) imkoniyatini beradigan portativ qurilma orqali tarmoqqa ulanishni ta’minlaydi. Mobil tarmoqlari yoki uyali aloqa tarmog’i deganda butun dunyo bo’ylab katta quruqlik ustida tarqaladigan va uyalar yoki tayanch stantsiyalari deb nomlanuvchi uzatgich stansiyalar orqali simsiz ulanadigan va multimediali ma’lumotlarni uzatish/qabul qilishga moslashtirilgan aloqa tarmog’ini tushuniladi. Odatda, uzatuvchi/qabul qiluvchi stansiyalar simsiz aloqa orqali radio signallarini an’anaviy usulga asosan havo orqali uzatadi. Radio signallari yorug’lik va infraqizil to’lqinlarni o’z ichiga olgan elektromagnit xossaga ega. Ushbu signallar to’lqinlar chastotasi va to’lqin uzunligiga ega bo’lganligi sababli ko’ndalang to’lqinlar oilasiga mansubdir, ya’ni; Mobil tarmoqlarining avlodlari Shu kunga qadar mobil tarmoqlarining bir nechta avlodlari (generation) ishlab chiqildi - 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G va texnologiyaning rivojlanish evolutsiyasi davom etib kelmoqda. 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G va 5G mobil tarmoqlarning avlodlari bo’lib, ular hozirgi kunda faol ishlatilib kelinmoqda. 5G-besh avlodini anglatadi, bu erda G "avlod" so’zini anglatadi, 1, 2, 3, 4 va 5 raqamlari avlod raqamini anglatadi. 80- yillarning boshlaridan deyarli har 10 yilda mobil tarmoqlarning yangi avlodi paydo bo’ldi. Mobil tarmoqlarining avlodlari Aslida, avlodlar har doim muayyan vaqt oralig’ida joylashtirilishi mumkin bo’lgan standartlar guruhlariga asoslanadi. 5G bilan davom ettirish ehtimoli katta, shuning uchun 5G joylashtirilgan bitta nuqta bo’lmaydi, aksincha uning imkoniyatlari aniqlanib, rivojlantirilganidan so’ng bosqichma-bosqich joylashtiriladi.
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