nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
“Terrorizmga qarshi kurash to„g„risida

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“Terrorizmga qarshi kurash to„g„risidaBog'liq Fuqaro muhofazasi“Terrorizmga qarshi kurash to„g„risida‖ 2000-yil 15-dekabrda qabul
qilingan bo‗lib - 6 bo‗lim va 31 moddadan iborat. Maqsadi: Terrorizmga qarshi
kurash sohasidagi munosabatlarni tartibga solishdan iborat. Qonuning asosiy
vazifalari shaxs, jamiyat va davlatning suverenitetini va hududiy yaxlitligini himoya
qilish, fuqarolar tinchliga va milliy totuvlikni saqlashdan iborat.
Qonun ―Umumiy qoidalar‖, ―Davlat organlarining terrorizmga qarshi kurash
sohasidagi vakolatlari‖, ―Terrorchilikka qarshi opyeratsiyaning o‗tkazilishi‖, ―Terror
harakati oqibatida yetkazilgan zararni qoplash va jabrlangan shaxslarning ijtimoiy
reabilitatsiyasi‖ hamda ―Terrorizmga qarshi kurashda ishtirok etayotgan shaxslarning
huquqiy va ijtimoiy himoyasi‖ deb nomlanuvchi bo‗limdan iborat bo‗lib, 31
moddani o‗z ichiga oladi.
Terrorizmga qarshi kurashni amalga oshirishda davlat boshqaruv organlari,
mahalliy davlat hokimiyati organlari, fuqarolarning o‗zini - o‗zi boshqarish organlari,
jamoat birlashmalari, korxonalar, muassasa va tashkilotlar, mansabdor shaxslar,
fuqarolar ko‗maklashishlari zarurligi 6-moddada belgilab berilgan.
Terrorizmga qarshi kurashishni O‗zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy xavfsizlik
xizmati, Ichki Ishlar vazirligi, Davlat chegaralarini himoya qiluvchi qo‗mita, Davlat
bojxona qo‗mitasi, Mudofaa hamda FVVigi amalga oshiradi 8-moddada qayd etilgan.
Jumladan, FVVgi FVdan aholini muhofaza qilish, terrorchilar harakat qilayotgan
zonada joylashgan alohida muhim, toifalangan va boshqa obyektlar barqaror ishlashi,
shuningdek, terror oqibatlarini tugatish yuzasidan vazirliklar, davlat qo‗mitalari,
idoralar va mahalliy davlat hokimiyati organlarining faoliyatini muvofiqlashtiradi
16
hamda tadbirlar o‗tkazadi hamda qonun hujjatlariga muvofiq boshqa vakolatlarni
amalga oshirilishi 14-moddada ko‗rsatilgan.
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-bob. FAVQULODDA FUQARO MUHOFAZASI VAZIYATLARDA

11
umumiy yoki qisman safarbarlik e‘lon qilish, favqulodda holat joriy etish, uning
muddatini uzaytirish va to‗xtatish to‗g‗risidagi farmonlarini tasdiqlash kiradi.
Respublikamiz FVVgining asosiy vazifalaridan biri FVlarda aholi hayoti va
sog‗ligini, moddiy va madaniy boyliklarini muhofaza qilishdan iborat. Bu vazifani
samarali tashkil etish uchun muhofazaning qonuniy, tashkiliy, iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy,
muhandislik texnik, maxsus asoslariga ega bo‗lishimiz zarur.
Har bir rahbar, har bir FVlardan muhofaza qilish sohasining xodimi texnogen,
tabiiy va ekologik FVlar yuzaga kelgan vaqtda vaziyatga baho berish, tezlik bilan
tegishli qarorlar qabul qilish, qidiruv-qutqaruv va shoshilinch ishlarni o‗tkazishda
boshqaruvni amalga oshirish yo‗llarini bilishi va bu borada yuqori malakaga ega
bo‗lishni kerak.
Aholining va hududlarni FVlardan muhofaza qilish –FVlarning oldini olish va
ularni bartaraf etish choralari, usullari, vositalari tizimi, sa‘y harakatlari majmui.
FVlarni oldini olish – oldindan o‗tkazilib, FVlar ro‗y berishi xavfini imkon
qadar kamaytirishga, bunday vaziyatlar ro‗y berganda esa odamlar sog‗ligini saqlash,
atrof tabiiy muhitga yetkaziladigan zarar va moddiy talafotlar miqdorini
kamaytirishga qaratilgan tadbirlar majmui.
FVlarni bartaraf etish – FVlar sodir bo‗lganda o‗tkazilib, odamlar hayoti va
sog‗ligini saqlash, atrof tabiiy muhitga yetkaziladigan zarar va moddiy talafotlar
miqdorini kamaytirish, shuningdek, FVlar sodir bo‗lgan zonalarni xalqaga olib, xavfli
omillar ta‘sirini tugatishga qaratilgan avariya-qutqaruv ishlari va kechiktirib
bo‗lmaydigan boshqa ishlar majmui.
Aholi va hududlarni FVlardan muhofaza qilish sohasida qo‗yilgan dadil
qadamlardan biri – avval Mudofaa vazirligi qoshida fuqaro mudofazasi va FVlar
boshqarmasining, so‗ngra esa shu boshqarma negizida
O„zbekiston Respublikasi
REFERENCES - Jizzax davlat pedagogika universiteti

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Jizzax davlat pedagogika universitetiBog'liq ЖДПУ Мактаб менежменти 06 12 22 Анжуман тўплам REFERENCES
1.
Yusupov F. T. O. G. L. et al. Use of vernier digital laboratory in lessons and lesson
activities //Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. – 2021. – Т.
1. – №. 10. – С. 86-94.
2.
Safarova Z. R. ON THE CONCEPT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY
//Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. – 2021. – Т. 1. – №.
11. – С. 1002-1007.
3.
Fakhriddin Y. et al. Physics student participation test in the online group homework
forum //International Engineering Journal For Research & Development. – 2020. – Т. 5. – №. 8. –
С. 4-4.
4.
Tokhir R., Fakhriddin Y., Dilmuhammad T. A study in showing logical strategy
and demeanor in the middle school //International Engineering Journal For Research &
Development. – 2020. – Т. 5. – №. 7. – С. 7-7.
5.
Fakhriddin Y. et al. Physics student participation test in the online group homework
forum //International Engineering Journal For Research & Development. – 2020. – Т. 5. – №. 8. –
С. 4-4.
6.
Ruzimatova B. S., Yulchiyev I. I. Kreativ pedagogika–pedagogikaga yangicha
yondashuv //Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. – 2021. –
Т. 1. – №. 10. – С. 1096-1103.
7.
B. K. Tuychibaev. (2022). Organization of Solving Problems in the Module "Linear
Optics" of General Physics Based on Modern Pedagogical Technologies. Eurasian Journal of
Learning
and
Academic
Teaching, 9,
109–112.
Retrieved
from
https://geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejlat/article/view/1800
92
“Ta’lim muassasalarida boshqaruv va o‘quv sifatini
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-yil 31-avgustda “Radiatsiyaviy xavfsizlik to„g„risida”

15
radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlashning asosiy tamoyillari, fuqarolarning radiatsiyali
xavfsizlikni ta‘minlashdagi huquq va majburiyatlari, fuqarolarning ijtimoiy
muhofazasi masalalariga o‗rin berilgan.
2-bo„lim ―Radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlash sohasini tartibga solish‖ deb
nomlanadi va radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlash sohasi davlat tomonidan qanday
tartibga solinadi, nazorat qanday olib boriladi, davlat ekspyertizasi qanday bo‗ladi
kabi savollarga javob beradi. Radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlash sohasidagi davlat
nazoratini sanoat va konchilikda ishlarning behatar olib borilishini nazorat qilish
agentligi, O‗zbekiston Respublikasi Sog‗liqni saqlash vazirligi, O‗zbekiston Tabiatni
muhofaza qilish davlat qo‗mitasi va O‗zbekiston Respublikasi davlat bojxona
qo‗mitasi amalga oshiradi.
―Radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlashga doir talablar‖
3-bo„limda 12-22-
moddalar keltirilgan. Bo‗limda tabiiy radionukliodlar ta‘sir etish chog‗ida, oziq-ovqat
mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishda hamda ichimlik suvidan foydalanishda, tibbiy
rentgenoradiologik muolajalar o‗tkazilganda xavfsizlikni ta‘minlash tartiblari yoritib
berilgan.
―Radiatsiyali avariya sodir bo‗lganda radiatsiyali xavfsizlikni ta‘minlash‖ni
4-bo„limdagi 23-25-moddalar bayon etadi. Bu bo‗limda fuqarolar va atrof-muhit
radiatsiyali avariyalardan muhofaza qilinishlari shartligi 23-modda bildirilgan va
ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish manbalaridan foydalanuvchining avariya sodir bo‗lgan
paytdagi majburiyatlari 24-moddada keltirilgan.
5-bo„lim – ―Yakuniy qoidalar‖ xalqaro shartnomalar, nizolarni hal etish va
qonun hujjatlarini buzganlik uchun javobgarlikka bag‗ishlangan.
IGMP protokoli - Oʻzbekiston respublikasi oliy va oʻrta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi begbo’tayev

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Oʻzbekiston respublikasi oliy va oʻrta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi begbo’tayev
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Bog'liq 5ffd2d83d9d2c (1) IGMP protokoli
RFC2236 ning 2-versiyasida belgilangan IGMP protokoli (Internet Group Management Protocol — guruhlarni boshqarish tarmoqlararo protokoli) xost va u bilan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ulangan marshrutizator o‘rtasida ishlaydi (bu marshrutizatorni kirishdeytagrammasi yo‘lidagi birinchimarshrutizator yoki chiqish deytagrammasi yo‘lidagi oxirgi marshrutizator deb qarash mumkin). 3.1.6-rasmda uchta guruhiy marshrutizator tasvirlangan, ularning har biri lokal interfeys orqali bir juft xostlar bilan ulangan. Ushbu misolda lokal interfeys lokal tarmoq bilan bog‘langan va qoida bo‘yicha lokal tarmoqning bir necha xosti u yoki bu jo‘natma guruhi a’zosi hisoblanadi.
IGMP protokoli xostga u bilan ulangan marshrutizatorga axborotlash-tirish vositasini taqdim etadi, unga ko‘ra xostda ishlayotgan ilova jo‘natmaning muayyan guruhga qo‘shilishni hohlaydi. IGMP protokolining xost va u bilan ulangan marshrutizator bilan amal qilish sohasiningcheklanganligini hisobga olsak,Internetda guruhiy marshrutizatorlarni (qo‘shilgan marshrutizatorlarni ham hisobga olgan holda) muvofiqlashtirish uchun o‘z-o‘zidan ravshanki, boshqa protokollar kerak. Guruhiy marshrutizatorlarni muvofiqlashtirish masalasini PIM, DVMRP va MOSPF turidagi tarmoq sathi guruhiy marshrutlash protokollari hal etadi. Shunday qilib, Internetda tarmoq sathidagi guruhli jo‘natma ikkita bir-birini to‘ldiruvchi tashkil etuvchidan – IGMP protokoli va guruhli marshrutlash protokollaridan iborat bo‘ladi.
Garchi IGMP protokolini “guruhlarga a’zolik protokoli” deb atalsa ham bu termin kishini chalg‘itishi mumkin, chunki xost va u bilan ulangan marshrutizator o‘rtasida amal qiladi. O‘z nomiga qaramasdan IGMP protokolijo‘natma guruhiga kiruvchi barcha xostlarda ishlamaydi. Amalda jo‘natma guruhlariga a’zolikni boshqaruvchi va guruhning barcha Internet – xostlarida ishlovchi tarmoq sathi protokoli mavjud emas. Masalan, xostga guruhga qo‘shilgan barcha boshqa xostlar identifikatorlarini aniqlash imkonini beradigan tarmoq sathi protokoli mavjud emas.
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Ayapbergen Musaev - Nukus davlat pedagogika instituti "kelishilgan"

112
Jigirmalanshi jillardaǵi qaraqalpaq ádebiyatiniń tiykarǵi ózgesheligi. Poeziya,
proza, dramaturgiya. XX ásirdiń 18-20-jillarindagi jámiyetlik ózgerisler. Jańa oqiw
sistemasiniń payda boliwi. 20-jillardaǵi jetekshi janr poeziya bolǵanliǵi.
Qasim Áwezov. Qasim Áwezovtiń ómiri hám dóretiwshilik
joli haqqinda
maǵliwmat.
Ayapbergen Musaev. Ómiri hám dóretiwshiligi haqqinda maǵliwmat.
A.Musaevtiń keńes húkimeti ornatilǵannan keyingi dáwirdegi dóretiushiligi.
Qaraqalpaq folklori hám milliy klassikaliq poeziya dástúrlerin jańa dáwirdegi
poeziyaǵa jalǵastiriwi. «Táriyp» qosiǵi.
Seyfulǵábit Májitov qaraqalpaq ádebiyatiniń iri wákili. Ómiri hám
dóretiwshiligi haqqinda maǵliwmat. Ádebiy miyrasi.
Turkstan jadidleri menen
baylanisliliǵi. Jadid ideyalarin xaliq arasinda taratiwshi. S.Májitovtiń
birinshi
qaraqalpaq sabaqliǵiniń avtori. S.Májitovtiń lirikasinda aǵartiwshiliq ideyalariniń
sáwleleniw ózgesheligi.
Har bir bola iqtidorli, faqat bu iqtidorni o'z vaqtida payqab, uni namoyon qilishiga imkon berish kerak

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Har bir bola iqtidorli, faqat bu iqtidorni o'z vaqtida payqab, uni namoyon qilishiga imkon berish kerak
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Bog'liq Sayr orqali bolalarda sadoqat xissini tarbiyalashHar bir bola iqtidorli, faqat bu iqtidorni o'z vaqtida payqab, uni namoyon qilishiga imkon berish kerak . - Hissiy farovonlikni rag'batlantirish
- Yaxshi hissiy holatda odam turli to'siqlarni muvaffaqiyatli yengib chiqadi.
- Farzandingizga his-tuyg'ularini tan olishga yordam bering
- Bolaga o'z holatini talaffo’z qilish orqali uning his-tuyg'ularini tan olishga yordam berish kerak:
- "Men siz Mirsharif bilan janjallashganingizni ko'raman va endi siz undan g'azablanganingiz uchun o'zingizni yomon his qilyapsiz"
- Farzandingizga his-tuyg'ularini nazorat qilish va boshqarishga yordam bering
- Bu bolaning e'tiborini o'zgartirishi, u bilan uning noroziligi haqida gapirish, qo'rquvni chizish va rasmni bo’zish bo'lishi mumkin.
- Qiyin holatlarda siz psixologga murojaat qilishingiz kerak
- Farzandingizga vaqtini va xatti-harakatlarini boshqarishga yordam bering.
- Bolaga nima qilishni tanlash huquqini bering, unga vaqtini rejalashtirishga o'rgating.
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar bilan ishlashni tashkil etish (o'rtacha yoshi 4-5 yil) Bolalarning psixologik xususiyatlari Faoliyatni tashkil etish - 1. Keyingi rivojlanish o'yin faoliyati (turli o'yin rollari va o'yin harakatlarini o'zlashtirish) Turli xil o'yin rollarini tanishtiring
- 2. Tasavvurni yanada rivojlantirish (grafik tasvirlarni shakllantirish) Ularning keyingi tafsilotlari uchun sxematik tasvirlardan foydalaning
- 3. Idrok rivojlanishda davom etadi Ob'ektlarni shakli, o'lchami va rangi bo'yicha tasniflash uchun topshiriqlar bering
- 4. Kosmosda orientatsiya yaxshilandi Ob'ektning fazodagi va varaq tekisligidagi holatini tahlil qilish uchun topshiriqlar bering Bir varaqdagi tartib bilan bog'liq vazifalardan foydalaning kichik ob'ekt kattalar tomonidan ko'rsatilgandek
- 5. Xayoliy fikrlash intensiv rivojlanmoqda Oddiy sxemalar yordamida fazoda orientatsiyaga oid masalalarni yechish Hayotdagi o'zgarishlarni ko’zatishni tashkil qilish va jonsiz tabiat keyin sxematik tasviri
- 6. Nutqni yanada rivojlantirish (nutq so'z yaratish bilan shug'ullanadigan bolalar uchun maxsus faoliyat sub'ekti sifatida) Savollarga javob berishga harakat qiling, bolalarning e'tiborini tengdoshlari tomonidan berilgan savollarga qarating Kitob o'qish an'anasini boshlang Bitta ertakni bir necha marta o'qish, uning mazmuniga ko'p savollar berish.
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CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AND

8
OTHYER EMYERGENCY OPYERATIONS IN EMYERGENCY
SITUATIONS ON ECONOMIC OBJECTS
5.1. The purpose and content of the rescue and othyer emyergency opyerations
in emyergencies. Attracted forces and means...............................
139
5.2. Features of the organization and carrying out rescue and othyer
emyergency opyerations in emyergency situations on the lesions (NPP and
chemically dangyerous objects)….....................................................................
141
5.3. Partial and complete sanitization methods of carriage ………..................
143
5.4. First aid for injuries. Classification of injuries: bleeding.........................
147
5.5. Bone fracture. Burn.....................................................................................
153
5.6. Cold injury, the special treatment for injuries..........................................
160
5.7. Poisoning ……............................................................................................
162
CHAPTER VI. ORGANIZING OF TRAINING POPULATION ON CD
6.1. The purpose of training workyers and structures of CD. Tasks and methods
of educational programs......................................................................
172
6.2. Organizing and conducting special tactical and
command - staff training
programs on CD ………………………............................................................
175
6.3. Meaning, types, methods and means of
spiritual - psychological
preparedness……............................................................................................
182
6.4. Method of training on CD…………….......................................................
186
Shamol – - Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti f. T. Hakimova, N. X. Xoliyeva fuqaro muhofazasi

208
ajralib
chiqishi,
yong‗inlar,
bino
va
inshootlarning
qulab
tushishi,
kimiyoviy,
biologik zaharlanish, halokatlik suv toshqini.
Shok –
haddan tashqari kuchli ta‘sirotlar natijasida
asab, endokrin, qon aylanish, nafas olish
tizimlari
faoliyatining
hamda
moddalar
almashinuvining buzilishi bilan tavsiflanuvchi
xavfli holat.
Shtab –
harbiy qismlarni boshqaruvchi organ.
Evakuatsiya –
qo‗shinlarni egallab turgan joydan olib ketish,
egallab turgan joyni tashlab, bo‗shatib ketish.
Fuqarolarni, iqtisodiyot obyektlari va shu
kabilarini urush harakatlari borayotgan yoki
tabiiy ofatlar yuz bergan hududlardan xavfsiz
joylarga ko‗chirish.
Ekvator –
yer sharining ikki qutbi o‗rtasidan o‗tadigan va
yerni shimoliy ham janubiy yarim sharlarga
ajratadigan faraziy aylana.
Ekologik favqulodda vaziyat –
tabiiy va inson omili ta‘sirida tabiiy muhit
komponentlari holatining o‗zgarishi.
Energetika
tizimidagi
aavariyalar –
GES, GRES, IEM, tuman isitish markazlari,
elektr tarmoqlari, qozonxonalar, siqilgan havo
va
gaz
taqsimlash
bekatlarida,
energiya
ta‘minotinig
boshqa
obyektlarida
ro‗y
beradigan, oqibatda, sanoat va qishloq xo‗jaligi
mas‘ul iste‘molchilari energiya ta‘minotining
halokatli to‗xtatilishi va aholi hayotining izdan
chiqishiga olib keluvchi avariya yoki yong‗in.
) Diqoksinin Digitoksindən fərqli cəhətini göstərin?

358) Diqoksinin Digitoksindən fərqli cəhətini göstərin?
A) Hipoqlikemik təsir göstərir
B) Mədə bağırsaq sistemindən pis sorulur
C) Kumulyativ təsiri digitoksinə nisbətən zəifdir
D) Təsiri daha uzundur
E) Effekti gec yaranır
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 225
359) Korqlikon orqanizmə necə yeridilir?
A) Novokainlə qarışdırılıb əzələ daxilinə yeridilir
B) 10 ml NaCl izotonik məhlulu ilə qarışdırılıb venaya yeridilir
C) 40%-li qlükoza məhlulu ilə əzələ daxilinə yeridilir
D) 1 ml əzələ daxilinə yeridilir
E) 1 ml dəri altına yeridilir
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 232
360) Bunlardan hansı ürəyin efferent innervasiyasına təsir göstərən antiaritmik maddələrəaiddir?
A) Prokainamid ( Novokainamid)
B) Fenitoin (Difenin)
C) Xinidin-sulfat(Xinidin)
D) Panangin
E) Propranolol (Anaprilin)
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 231
361) Ağciyər ödemində kapillyarların keçiriciliyini azaltmaq üçün hansı preparatdan istifadə olunur?
A) Kalsium-xlorid 10%-10,0
B) Aminofillin (Eufillin) 2,4%-10,0
C) Atropin-sulfat 0,1%-1 ml
D) Kalium-xlorid
E) Epinefrin(Adrenalin-hidroxlorid) 0,1%-1 ml
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 345
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O‘pirlishga qarshi muhofaza - Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti f. T. Hakimova, N. X. Xoliyeva fuqaro muhofazasi

210
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO„YXATI
1. Ibadullayeva X.T, Hakimova F.T. Fuqaro muhofazasi atamalar lug‗ati.
O‗quv qo‗llanma. – T.: TDIU, 2012. -70 b.
2. Yormatov Yo.G‗., Yo‗ldashev O.R, Hamrayeva A.I. Hayot faoliyati
xavfsizligi. – T., 2009. -346 b.
3. Tinglovchilar uchun fuqaro muhofazasi masalalari bo‗yicha o‗quv
qo‗llanma. – T.: FMI, 2008. -105 b.
4. Hasanov O‗. Favqulodda vaziyatlarda tibbiy xizmat. Darslik. – T., 2006. -
211 b.
5. Fuqaro muhofazasiga oid me‘yoriy-huquqiy hujjatlar, 1-2-tom. – T.: FVV,
FMI, 2007. -270 b.
6. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Aholi va hududlarni va texnogen xususiyatli
favqulodda vaziyatlarda muhofaza qilish to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
7. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Gidrotexnika inshootlarining xavfsizligi
to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
8. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Fuqaro muhofazasi to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
9. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Terrorizmga qarshi kurash to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
10. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Qishloq xo‗jalik o‗simliklarini zararkunandalar,
kasalliklar va begona o‗tlardan himoya qilish to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
11. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Xavfli ishlab chiqarish obyektlarining sanoat
xavfsizligi to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
12. O‗zbekiston Respublikasi ―Qutqaruv xizmati va qutqaruvchi maqomi
to‗g‗risida‖gi qonuni.
13. Istomin A.A., Hakimova F.T. Fuqaro muhofazasi. O‗UM. – T.: TDIU, 2014.
-334 b.
14. Fuqaro muhofazasi asoslari (ma‘ruzalar to‗plami). – T.: TDIU, 2010. -190 b.
Pie charts - Tyner indb

Multivariate Mapping 181
Design Considerations
When designing pie charts, the wedges start at the 12 o’clock position and keep their
same relative positions, that is, they don’t change location with changing size or impor-
tance. Of course, colors chosen for the wedges must harmonize with one another; a
wedge that is consistently small might be shown in a lighter or more intense color. The
12 o’clock position is oriented to the margins of the map; if meridians are shown or
fIgURe 9.4.
Pie charts use wedges to show different variables.
Alaska
Texas
Iowa
Indiana
Illinois
Georgia
Florida
Ohio
under
1,000,000
1,000,000-
3,000,000
3,000,0001-
5,000,000
5,000,001-
10,000,000
over
10,000,000
Percent of Votes Cast
Democrat
votes
Republican
votes
0
25
50
75
Data Source:
U.S. Statistical
Abstract 2009
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2004
fIgURe 9.5 - Tyner indb

182 sYMBOLizaTiOn
implied, as with some state boundaries, it can be oriented to the meridians. The legend
should indicate whether the circles are range-graded or truly proportional and also
whether the wedges represent percentages of the total or fractions of the total.
chernoff faces
Chernoff faces (Figure 9.6; Plate 9.1) were first introduced by Herman Chernoff in
1973. These are a way to show multivariate data and complex relationships in an
easy-to-grasp, eye-catching manner. With this symbol, one can show as many as 15
variables by using variations of eyes, nose, mouth, shape of head, size and placement
of ears, and color of face. The award-winning map by Eugene Turner (Plate 9.1) shows
four variables using eyes, mouth, head shape, and color. A number of computer pro-
grams are now available, including ArcGIS, to aid in creating Chernoff faces.
Problems with Chernoff Faces
Chernoff faces are eye-catching and can be effective. However, they have two poten-
tial problems. One is that of perceived stereotyping or bias when color is used on the
faces. If black or white is used to signify poverty or crime, critics complain that races
are being stereotyped; the counterargument is that green or purple faces, which have
been used, are jarring and perhaps give the impression of extraterrestrials. Therefore,
color should be used with care. Another problem that can arise is that of too much
information. If faces with multiple variables are used on a map with dozens of enu-
meration areas, the map becomes hard to comprehend. No studies have been done
to determine the optimum number of variables, but intuitively, a smaller number of
variables would seem to be more understandable than a greater number.
Falokat – - Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti f. T. Hakimova, N. X. Xoliyeva fuqaro muhofazasi

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Bog'liq Fuqaro muhofazasiFalokat –
odamlar ixtiyoridan tashqari yuz beradigan
ko‗ngilsiz hodisa, ofat, balo.
Fuqaro muhofazasi –
aholini ommaviy qirg‗in qurolli va boshqa
hujum
vositalaridan himoya
qilish,
turli
favqulodda vaziyatlar, tabiiy ofatlar ro‗y berishi,
zararli o‗choqlar bor joylarda qutqarish va
tiklash ishlarini olib borish uchun amalga
oshiriladigan umumdavlat muhofaza tadbirlari
tizimining tarkibiy qismi.
Xavfli geologik jarayon va
hodisalarni prognozlash –
xavfli geologik jarayon va hodisalar yuz berishi,
rivojlanishi ehtimolini, ularning tavsifi, miqyosi,
davom etish muddati, tabiiy favqulodda
vaziyatlar sodir bo‗lish ehtimoli hamda ularning
ta‘sir maydonidagi bo‗lishi ehtimoliga ega
oqibatlarini aniqlash bo‗yicha o‗tkaziladigan
tadbirlar tizimi.
Xavfli geologik hodisa –
geologik kelib chiqishli yoki yer qobig‗ida turli
tabiiy yoki geodinamik omillar hamda ularning
birga qo‗shilishi ta‘sirida sodir bo‗lib, odamlar,
hayvonlar va o‗simliklar, oddiy isitis obyektlari
va atrofdagi tabiiy muhitga shikatlovchi ta‘sir
ko‗rsatadigan yoki ko‗rsatishi mumkin bo‗lgan
natija.
Kimyoviy qurol –
Insonlar va hayvonlarni ommaviy qirish uchun
mo‗ljallangan eng vahshiy vositalar hisoblanadi.
Bunda zararlash ta‘siri zaharlovchi moddalardan
foydalanishga asoslagan.
Xlor –
kimiyoviy element, hidli, zaharli sarg‗ish-yashil
gaz, zaharlovchi yoki yuqumsizlantiruvchi
vosita.
Siklon –
radiusi bir necha yuz, hatto bir necha ming
kilometrgacha yetadigan havo girdobi, uyurmasi
bo‗lib, uning havo bosimi pasaya boradi, siklon
paytida ko‗pincha ko‗k betini qalin bulut
qoplaydi, yog‗in yog‗adi. Yer sathi bo‗ylab
harakati.
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Favqulodda 
vaziyatlarning - Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti f. T. Hakimova, N. X. Xoliyeva fuqaro muhofazasi

Favqulodda vaziyatlarning oldini olish – oldindan
o‗tkaziladigan
va
favqulodda
vaziyatlar yuzaga kelish xavfini iloji boricha
maksimal darajada kamaytirish, shuningdek
bunday vaziyatlar yuzaga kelgan taqdirda
odamlar sog‗lig‗ini saqlab qolish, atrof tabiiy
muhitga yetadigan zarar va moddiy talafot
miqdorini kamaytirishga qaratilgan chora-
tadbirlar.
Favqulodda vaziyat vaqtidagi harakat – muhofaza inshooti, yerto‗la yoki ichki
xonalarda berkinish, ochiq joyda bo‗lsangiz,
yaxshisi ariq, chuqurlik, jarliklarda yerga
yopishib yotib olish, yashin, momaqaldiroq
vaqtida radio, televizor va elektrni o‗chirib
qo‗yish,
metall
buyumlardan
uzoqroqda
bo‗lishga harakat qilish.
Favqulodda vaziyat manbai – Favqulodda vaziyat yuz bergan yoki yuzaga
kelishi mumkin bo‗lgan xavfli tabiiy hodisalar,
avariya yoki xavfli texnogen hodisalar, odamlar,
hayvonlar va o‗simliklarning keng tarqalgan
yuqumli kasalliklari, shuningdek hozirgi zarba
vositalaridan foydalanish natijasi.
Favqulodda vaziyat xavfi yuzaga kelgandagi harakat – ogohlantiruvchi xabarni eshitgach, deraza,
eshiklarni yopish, ochiq joylardan shamol
uchirib ketishi mumkin bo‗lgan barcha
207
buyumlarni olib qo‗yish, gaz, pechkalardagi
olovni o‗chirish, oziq-ovqat, suv, dori-
darmonlarni g‗amlab, televizor, radioni ishlatib
qo‗yish, evakuatsiya to‗g‗risida xabar berilsa,
eng zarur narsalaringizni olib, uydan chiqib
ketish.
Epidemiya – - Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti f. T. Hakimova, N. X. Xoliyeva fuqaro muhofazasi

209
ko‗rsatish
natijasida
kelib
chiqadigan
kasalliklar. Yuqumli kasalliklar organizmda uch
komponent
kasallik
qo‗zg‗atuvchi
mikroorganizmlar, kasallikka moyil organizm
va zararlangan organizmdan sog‗lomiga
kasallik
yuqishini
ta‘minlovchi
omil
bo‗lgandagina kelib chiqadi.
Yadro qurolli –
bunig
aholiga xatarliligi shundaki, misli
ko‗rinmagan
darajada vayron qiluvchi, zarba
beruvchi ta‘sirga ega,
tirik organizmlarga
radiatsiya orqali uzoq davom etadigan halokatli
ta‘sir qurollidir.
O‘pirilish –
tik tushgan va jarli tog‗ yonbag‗irlarida,
daryo
vodiylarida, dengiz qirg‗oqlarida asosan shamol
uchirib ketishi, yer usti va yer osti suvlari
foaliyati ta‘sirida tog‗ jinslarining bog‗liqligi
bo‗shashishi hisobiga katta massalar va tog‗
jinslarining uzilib va ag‗darilib tushishi.
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Bog'liq Fuqaro muhofazasiTerrorchi –
terror faoliyatini amalga oshirishda ishtirok
etayotgan shaxs.
Terror harakati turlari –
qotillik,
portlash,
transport
vositalarini
yo‗lovchilar bilan garovga olish, o‗t qo‗yish,
telefon orqali tahdid qilish, suv manbalarini,
oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarni zararlash, odamlarni
garovga olish.
Texnogen favqulodda
vaziyat –
obyektda, muayyan hudud yoki akvatoriyada
texnogen favqulodda vaziyat manbai yuzaga
kelishi natijasida kishilarning normal hayot va
foaliyat sharoiti izdan chiqadigan, ularning
hayoti va sog‗lig‗iga xavf soluvchi, aholi
punkiti, aholi mulkiga, iqtisodiyot
va atrof-
muhitga zarar yetadigan sharoit.
Toshqin –
daryo, ko‗l yoki boshqa suv havzalari suv
sathining
keskin
ko‗tarilishi
natijasida
vaqtinchalik suv ostida qolishi.
Toshqin sabablari –
qor, muzlarning erishi, ko‗p miqdorda yong‗in
yog‗ishi, daryoda muzlarning tiqilib qolishi,
yirik ko‗llarda suvning shamol ta‘sirida
qirg‗oqqa haydalishi.
Transport avariyasi –
odamlarning qurbon bo‗lishi, zarar ko‗rganlarga
og‗ir tan jarohatlari yetkazilishi, transport
inshootlari va vositalarining shikastlanishi, yo‗q
qilinishi yoki atrof-muhitga zarar yetkazilishiga
olib keluvchi avariya.
Transchegarali
Favqulodda
vaziyat –
oqibatlari mamlakat chegarasi tashqarisiga
chiqadigan yoxud chegaradan tashqarida sodir
bo‗ladigan hodisalar.
Trevoga –
xavfli holat va undan ogohlantiruvchi signal.
To‘fon –
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fIgURe 8.19 - Tyner indb

Designing and Choosing symbols 163
important when mapping county or state data for the United States where such areas
vary widely; Rhode Island has 1,545 square miles, while Alaska has 663,267 square
miles. San Bernardino County in California contains 20,106.4 square miles, which
is larger than many states, while San Francisco County contains only 231.9 square
miles. The map in Figure 8.22 uses raw data for population, which is not as meaning-
ful as a map of population density.
Dasymetric Choropleth Technique
The
dasymetric choropleth technique, although not widely used, was devised to
overcome some of the limitations of the simple choropleth. Specifically, it takes into
account variations within enumeration areas and therefore permits a somewhat bet-
ter graphic view of distributions. Like the simple choropleth, dasymetric areas are
shaded uniformly, and categories, which are usually derived values, are used. Unlike
the simple version, however, areas of similarity and zones of rapid change are deter-
mined. Figure 8.23 illustrates the procedure. First, areas are determined and densities
or ratios computed. The lines that separate areas have no value; they mark enumera-
tion boundaries and zones of rapid change between categories.
This technique has some of the limitations of the simple choropleth. Exact values
cannot be determined within the area from the map, and like the simple choropleth
it is not designed to represent smooth, continuous surfaces. However, since the areas
chosen have inherent homogeneity, dasymetric maps can come closer to reality than
simple choropleths.
(AWAII
EW
Population
in millions
Over 10
5-10
1-9.9
.5-.99
0-.49
United States Population 
fIgURe 8.22

164 sYMBOLizaTiOn
One reason that the dasymetric choropleth is used less than the simple choropleth
is that the technique requires more information than what appears for an enumeration
unit in the census. Local knowledge of the area is necessary, which may be obtained
through fieldwork or imagery, to see where the subject data are concentrated.
Unclassed Choropleth
The
unclassed or
classless choropleth is a symbol suggested by Waldo Tobler in 1973.
Although not difficult in concept, this technique was not feasible before the era of
computer-assisted cartography because of the great difficulty in creating the areal
symbols for enumeration areas. Cross-hatch patterns that vary in density were first
used to represent each enumeration area value, that is, each value on the map has
a separate pattern density. Now a continuous range of grays is used to create such
maps. Essentially no generalization is done for the reader. The unclassed choropleth
is the most exact representation of the data model possible, but it does not permit the
cartographer to stress specific characteristics of the distribution or present a region-
alization (Figure 8.24). It is useful in seeing the overall picture as a stage in classifica-
tion for simple choropleths.
design considerations for choropleth maps
Because choropleth maps use area symbols and represent quantities, the variables
most appropriate are color lightness, color saturation, and pattern combined with
texture. Pattern isn’t the first choice, but simple line or cross-hatch patterns combined
with varying textures were the only option for early computer-drawn maps. Color
lightness alone only permits a limited number of steps (also called
ramping). The
limitation is owing to the number of steps that the human eye can distinguish. The
range can be extended by adding saturation (see Chapter 4).
Lake
Swamp
Rural
Suburban
Urban
Rural
Suburban
Urban
0
1-50
51-200 Over 200
People per Sq. Mile
Uninhabited
Rural
Suburban
Urban
symbolizing Volumes with lines

Designing and Choosing symbols 171
sea level), and
isohypses, lines of equal elevation above sea level, also called
contour
lines (see Table 8.3).
If a horizontal plane is passed through the statistical surface, the line of inter-
section of the plane and the surface when projected downward is an isarithmic line
(Figure 8.33). We can see that every point along the intersecting line is the same
distance from the datum. If a series of parallel planes intersects the surface, the lines
projected are isarithmic lines and the distance between the planes is called the
isarith-
mic interval.
Data Considerations
There are two major categories of isarithms,
isometric lines and
isoplethic lines, and
although the generic terms
isarithm or
isoline are more commonly used, it helps to
understand these symbols by considering the two categories. These categories are
based on the nature of the
z-values and the form in which the data are collected. If
the data are collected for actual points, such as weather stations, or elevation control
points, for which values actually exist (true points), the type of line is an
isometric
line. The
z-values may be absolute values, such as temperature at a specific time, or
derived values, such as average temperature at that point.
But if the points for which the data are obtained are assumed or arbitrary (con-
ceptual points), such as the center of a distribution or the center of an enumeration
area like a county or census tract, the values refer to an area rather than a point, and
the
z-values are derived, that is, ratios, averages, and percentages. This type of line is
an
isopleth or
isoplethic line. Isopleths are often used to represent population densi-
ties and the like.
Understanding and interpreting isarithms
Although the methods of construction for these two kinds of isarithmic line are simi-
lar, the type of information that they portray and what the reader can extract from
the maps are different. An isometric line permits values to be determined by
interpo-
lating or estimating values between the lines.
Interpolation is the estimating of values by comparing the distance to all other
neighboring control points. The isarithmic method assumes an even gradient between
control points so the location of the 20-inch rainfall line on Figure 8.34 is midway
between 15 and 25 inches. When reading isarithmic maps, the reader interpolates or
“reads between the lines” to estimate the value of any point.
If the isarithmic interval is even, the rate of change is found from the spacing of
symbolizing Volumes with Polygons: choroplethic maps

Designing and Choosing symbols 161
simple Choropleth
Conceptually, the simple choropleth is a relatively uncomplicated type of symbol.
Values are determined for each enumeration area and then placed into categories
or classes; shading patterns or hue lightness steps are chosen for each category and
applied to the enumeration areas. The number of classes is limited by the number that
the human eye can recognize. Very little information is needed other than boundaries
and values (Figure 8.19).
LiMiTaTiOns OF siMPLe CHOROPLeTH
Because shading or patterns cover each enumeration area uniformly, it is not possible
to show variation within enumeration areas. This is a limitation of the choropleth
symbol. Thus, a choropleth map should not be used when the purpose is to compare
enumeration areas. Figure 8.20 illustrates this problem. In the county highlighted,
the population is concentrated in one corner, but the uniform shading can give an
inexperienced reader the impression that population is evenly spread throughout the
county.
The boundary lines on choropleth maps have no values attached to them; they
are simply the lines outlining the enumeration area polygon: county or state boundar-
ies, census tract borders, or Zip code boundaries, for example. A change in pattern
or color does not represent a change in value along the boundary line. It only tells the
reader that the two adjoining
areas have different values. This is a second limitation
of choropleth maps: exact values cannot be determined.
United States Population Density
Population Per
Sq. Mi.
Over 1000
501-1000
101-500
11-100
1-10
Tabiiy 
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Bog'liq Fuqaro muhofazasiTabiiy
Favqulodda
vaziyat
manbaining
shikastlovchi
omili –
xavfli tabiiy hodisa yoki jarayonning tabiiy
favqulodda vaziyat manbai keltirib chiqargan
hamda tegishli parametrlarda aniqlanadigan
fizik, kimyoviy, biologik ta‘sir etishi yoki
ko‗rinishi bilan tavsiflanuvchi tarkibiy qism.
Tayfun –
janubiy-g‗arbiy Osiyoda va Tinch okeanining
g‗arbiy qismida bo‗lib turadigan halokatli
shamol, to‗fon.
Tektonik –
yer qorbig‗i harakati va uning o‗zgarishlariga
oid, shular natijasida sodir bo‗lgan.
Temir yo‘l avariyasi –
temir yo‗lda harakatlanayotgan bir yoki bir
necha
paravoz
va
vagonlarning
butkul
ta‘mirlanishini
talab
qiladigan
darajada
shikastlanishi, bir yoki bir nechta kishining
halok bo‗lishi, shikastlanganlarning turli
darajadagi tan jarohati olishi, avariya sodir
bo‗lgan joyda harakatning me‘yordan ortiqroq
to‗xtab qolishiga olib keluvchi avariyalar.
Termoyadro –
vodorod yoki litiy yadrosining nihoyatda yuqori
harorat va juda ko‗p energiya hosil qilib og‗irroq
elementlar yadrosiga aylanishi.
Terrorizm –
jismoniy yoki yuridik shaxslarga kishilar
halokati, ancha miqdordagi mulkiy zarar
yetkazish yohud boshqa ijtimoiy xavfli
oqibatlar yuzaga kelishi xavfini tug‗diruvchi,
jamoat xavfsizligiga putur yetkazish, aholini
qo‗rqitish
yoki
hokimiyat
organlarining
terrorchilarga foydali qarorlar qabul qilishga
ta‘sir ko‗rsatish yoki ularning noqonuniy mulkiy
va boshqa manfaatlarini qondirish maqsadida
amalga oshiriluvchi zo‗rlik yoki uni qo‗llash
tahdidi, shuningdek, mol-mulk va boshqa
moddiy obyektlarni yakson qilish, davlat yoki
jamoat arbobining hayotiga uning davlat yoki
boshqa siyosiy faoliyatini to‗xtatish, o‗ch olish
maqsadida qilingan tajovuz, xaqaro himoya
ostida bo‗lgan xorijiy davlat vakili yoki xalqaro
tashkilot xodimi, xalqaro himoya ostida bo‗lgan
shaxslarning xonalari, transport vositalariga
urush chiqarish uchun ig‗vo qilish, xalqaro
205
munosabatlarni
chigallashtirish
maqsadida
hujum qilish.
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fIgURe 8.27 - Tyner indb

168 sYMBOLizaTiOn
which is rare for geographic distributions. Standard deviation is a measure of disper-
sion; it is a way of stating how far the observations vary from the mean. It is defined
as the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squared deviations from the mean.
The boundaries of the class intervals are found by adding or subtracting the standard
deviation.
Quantiles are categories that contain an equal
number of enumeration areas
(observations) in each (Figure 8.29). If the areas involved vary widely in size, quan-
tiles may be misleading.
An
arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers in which each term after the
first is determined from the preceding one by adding to it a fixed number called the
common difference, for example 2; 2 + 1,000; 1,002 + 1,000; 2,002 + 1,000; and so
on. The common difference here is 1,000. If the distribution graph approximates that
of an arithmetic progression, then it is possible to use this as the basis for categories
(Figure 8.30).
Geometric progression is a sequence of numbers in which each term after the
first is determined by multiplying the preceding term by a fixed number called a
com-
mon ratio (Figure 8.31). If 2 is again the first term and the ratio is 10, the progression
is 2, 2(10), 2(10)
2
, 2(10)
3
, or 2, 20, 200, 2,000, and so on.
Natural breaks are a graphic way of determining categories by examining the
data or the histogram and looking for breaks in the frequencies or change of slope
in graphs. This results in a natural grouping of similar values (Figure 8.32). This
method is often used by teachers in assigning student grades. For mapping it can pro-
duce categories that are very close to the data model.
Arizona
Population
Density
2000
4.4-86.7
86.8-169
169.1-251.3
251.4-333.8
fIgURe 8.28.
Choropleth map using equal steps.
Designing and Choosing symbols 169
-100 km, sek tezlikka ega shiddatli shamol, 
bo‗ron, dovul. 
Ultratovush

206
Favqulodda vaziyat –
odamlar qurbon bo‗lishi, ularning sog‗lig‗i yoki
atrof tabiiy muhitga zarar yetishi, jiddiy moddiy
talafotlar keltirib chiqarish hamda odamlar hayot
faoliyati sharoiti izdan
chiqishga olib kelishi
mumkin bo‗lgan yoki olib kelgan avariya,
halokat,
xavfli tabiiy hodisa, tabiiy yoki boshqa
ofat natijasida muayyan hududda yuzaga kelgan
vaziyat.
Favqulodda vaziyatlarda aholi
xavfsizligini
ta’minlash –
FV yuzaga kelgan taqdirda odamlar hayoti,
sog‗lig‗ining
xavfda qolishi, ularning mulki
talafot
ko‗rishi
va
hayotiy
foaliyat
sharoitlarining izdan
chiqishini oldi olinishi
yoki bunday xavf nisbat kamaytirilishiga
qaratilgan
huquqiy,
tashkiliy,
sanitariya-
gigiyena, epidemiologik
va maxsus tadbirlar
kompleksini o‗tkazish.
Favqulodda
vaziyatlarni
bashorat qilish –
FVni
oldindan
bashorat
qilish,
yuzaga
kelishining ehtimoli bo‗lgan sabablari,
uning
ilgarigi va hozirgi manbaini tahlil qilish asosida
favqulodda vaziyat yuzaga kelish ehtimoli va
rivojlana borishini oldindan aks ettirish.
Н5кис 3алалы3 Халы3 билимлендири7 б5лими - bet 3

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Н5кис 3алалы3 Халы3 билимлендири7 б5лими
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bet | 3/4 | Sana | 22.12.2023 | Hajmi | 0,61 Mb. | | #126578 |
Bog'liq Архимед оз бетинше (2)Fa = ρs • Vd • g .
Arximed kúshiniń formulasi bolip esaplanadi.
ρs - suyqliq yaki gaz tiǵizliǵi ; Vd – dene kólemi; g = 9,81 N / kg.
p = p2 –p1 = ρs g (h2 – h1) Fa = p*s = ρs* Vd * g teń boladi.
Denelerdiń júziw shàrtlerin tabiw múmkin:
1) Eger Arximed kúshi dene awirliǵinan úlken bolsa, dene suyiqliqta toliq emes batqan halda júzip júredi.
2) Eger Arximed kúshi dene awirliǵina teń bolsa, dene suyiqliq ishinde qàlegen orinda ilinip qalǵanday halda qaladi.
3) Eger Arximed kúshi dene awirliǵinan kishi bolsa, dene suyiqliqqa shógip ketedi.
Arximed haqqinda àpsana.
Sirakuza patshasi Giyeron ózine altinnan taj soqtiradi. Patsha tajdiń sap altinnan jasalǵanliǵin tekseriwdi Arximedke tapsiradi. Patsha tajdi sindirmay, onda aralaspa bar yamasa joqliǵin tekseriwdi buyiradi. Bunin ushin taj tiǵizliǵin altin tiǵizliǵina salistirsa bolar edi. Oniń ushin massa tàrezide ólshenedi . Lekin, taj kólemin qalay ólshewge boladi. Oylay-oylay sharshaǵan Arximed monshaǵa baradi. Suwi toltirilǵan vannaǵa túsip atirǵanda, ondaǵi suwdiń màlim bir bólegi sirtqa tógilgenligin kóredi hàm Evrika dep juwirip laboratoriyasina ketken.
B ekkemlew ushin shiniǵiwlar.
Màsele sheshiw:
Eger kemeniń uzinliǵi 60m, eni 20m hàm
suwdan vater siziǵina shekemgi araliq 80sm bolsa,
bunday keme qanday massali júkti kótere aladi?
Berilgeni:
l=60m F=p·g·V=ps·g·h·l·b=1000·10·60·20·0,8=
b=20 m =9600 000 N
h=80 sm=0,8 m m=F/g=9600 000/10=960 000 kg
F= ? Javob: 960 000 kg yamasa 960 tonna
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-màsele Gerbishtin hawadaǵi awirliǵi 30N, al suwda- 10 N. Gerbishke tàsir etiwshi Arximed kúshin tabin

-màsele Gerbishtin hawadaǵi awirliǵi 30N, al suwda- 10 N. Gerbishke tàsir etiwshi Arximed kúshin tabin
Архимед оз бетинше (2)
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa -màsele Gerbishtin hawadaǵi awirliǵi 30N, al suwda- 10 N. Gerbishke tàsir etiwshi Arximed kúshin tabin
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Kórgizbeli qurallar - Н5кис 3алалы3 Халы3 билимлендири7 б5лими

Kórgizbeli qurallar: dinamometr, júkler,suwli idis, duz, mayek,
Kórgizbeli slayd, tarqatpa materiallar.
Sabaqta úyreniletuǵin tiykarǵi túsinikler: Arximed nizami, kóteriwshi kúsh, suyiqliq ishindegi basim, denelerdin júziw shàrtleri, vater siziǵi htb.
Bahalaw: awizeki hàm 5 balliq sistemada.
Sabaqtiń moduli:
№
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Sabaq basqishlari
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Waqti
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Metod
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Kerekli materiallar
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1
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Shólkemlestiriw
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5min
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“Sa’lem bul bizler”
Soraw-juwap
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Sabaqliq,por taxta
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2
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Uy tapsirmasin soraw
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10 min
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Kishi toparda islew
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Tarqatpa materiallar
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3
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Taza tema mazmuni
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15 min
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Kishi lekciya
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4
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Bekkemlew ushin shiniǵiwlar.
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10 min
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Kishi toparda islew
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Tarqatpa materiallar
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5
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Bahalaw
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2 min
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5 balliq sistemada
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Reńli kartoshkalar
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6
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Uy tapsirma beriw.
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3min
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Soraw-juwap
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Sabaqliq,por taxta
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Shólkemlestiriw. Oqiwshilar klassqa kiriwde kartoshka tańlaydi hàm sol kartoshkasindaǵi súwretke qaray otirip, toparlarǵa bólinedi.
1-topar. Demokrit topari
2-topar Aristotel topari
3-topar Arximed topari
“Sàlem bul bizler” shiniǵiwi. Toparlar jaylasip otirip alǵan soń, toparin tàriyplep , ilimpaz haqqinda qisqasha maǵliwmat aytiwi tiyis.
Uy tapsirmasin soraw.
1)Atmosfera basimi qaysi formuladan aniqlanadi?
2) Hawa quraminda neshe % azot,neshe % kislorod bar?
3) Atmosfera basimin birinshi ma’rte o’lshegen italyali alimi .
4) Normal atmosferaliq basim degenimiz ne?
5) 1 atm = 760 mm.sin.bag’. neshe Pa ten’?
6) Atmosfera basim qanday a’sbap ja’rdeminde o’lshenedi?
Otken temani takirarlaw ushin “Miyweli terek” usilinan paydalanip oqiwshilardiń bilimin aniqlaw maqsetinde Miywe terektegi sorawlarǵa juwap beredi.
Taza tema mazmuni:
“ Arximed nizami ha’m onin’ qollaniliwi “ .
Suwǵa shege yaki kishkene tas taslanatug’in bolsa,olar shógip ketedi.Lekin úlken aǵash ,baǵana, qayiq ha’m kemeler suwda júzip júredi. Dinamometrge suwda shógetug’in qanday da bir deneni ildirip qoyip oniń awirliǵin ólsheyik. Sońinan oni suwdiń ishine túsireyik. Bunda dinamometrdiń kórsetiwiniń kemeygenligin kóremiz.Eger deneniń tiǵizligi suw tiǵizliǵinan úlken bolǵan basqa suyiqliqqa batiratuǵin bolsaq,dinamometrdiń kórsetiwi jàne kemeygenligin kóriwge boladi.Suwǵa batirilǵan deneniń awirliǵi Ph menen suwdaǵi awirliq Ps arasindaǵi ayirma F = Ph - Ps ten ekenligin kóriwge boladi.Suyiqliq yamasa gazge toliq batirilǵan dene óziniń kólemine shekem bolǵan suyiqliq yaki gazdi siǵip shiǵaradi. Denege tómennen joqariǵa baǵdarlanǵan hàm siǵip shiǵarilǵan suyiqliq yaki gaz awirliǵina teń kúsh tàsir etedi.
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fIgURe 8.25 - Tyner indb

Designing and Choosing symbols 167
determined by examining the data. With computerized mapping, the categories can
be experimented with easily.
Category Types
In general there are several category types that may be used for choropleth maps:
equal steps, standard deviations, quantiles, arithmetic progression, geometric pro-
gression, and natural breaks. These are described here briefly, but since a large part
of cartography and GIS involves spatial analysis, it is strongly recommended that GIS
and cartography practitioners acquire a background in statistics. An advantage of
computer methods is that one can experiment with different categories to visualize
the distribution. As can be seen from the following discussion and the accompany-
ing figures, the resulting maps vary in appearance and information depending on the
method of categorization. The maps have been constructed from the data in Table
8.2.
Equal steps are constant intervals. They are found by determining the range of
the data; the range is then divided by the number of classes, which gives the common
difference. The class limits are established by starting at the lowest value and adding
the common difference to get the upper limit of the first class, adding the common
difference to this to get the limit of the second class, and so on, until the upper limit
of the data is reached (Figure 8.28).
Standard deviations are a second type of constant interval. This method is most
effective if the distribution approximates a normal distribution (bell-shaped curve),
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