nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Assembler tiliningasosiyoperatorlari

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Assembler tiliningasosiyoperatorlari
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bet | 4/5 | Sana | 17.05.2024 | Hajmi | 14,61 Kb. | | #240675 |
Bog'liq Assembler so\'zi ingliz tilidan olingan bo\'lib, yig\'uvchi, jamlov-fayllar.orgAssembler tiliningasosiyoperatorlari
1) Operator turlari haqida tushuncha
Har qanday algoritmlik dasturlash tili o’ziga mos operator turlariga ega. Assembler tili ham ozining tarkibiy qismida quyidagi operator turlariga ega:
Bajariluvchi operatorlar translyator orqali mashina buyruqlariga o’zgartiriladi. Assembler tilining bitta bajariluvchi buyruq bitta mashina buyruqqa mosdir. Dasturlash tillarning barcha bajariluvchi buyruqlar quyidagicha guruhlanadi:
Ma’lumotlarning qayta ishlash operatorlari;
Boshqaruvni uzatish opratorlari.
Ma’lumotlarning qayta ishlash opratorlari hotira maydon (operativ hotira katakchalari, registrlar yoki bayroq-maydonlari) qiymatlariga ta’sir o’tkazsa, boshqaruvni uzatish opratorlari esa dastur bajarish jarayonini o’zgartirishdan iborat.
Ma’lumotlarni aniqlash psevdooperatorlari, bajariluvchi operatorlarning aksariyati bo’lib, ular mashina buyruqlariga o’girilmaydi, faqat translyator-dasturga dasturchilar tomonidan ko’rsatmalardan iborat bo’ladi.
Makrooperatorlar esa bir nechta dasturlash tilining oddiy operatorlarni yoki psevdooperatorlarni translyator uchun almashtirilish qonuniyatini belgilaydi. Misol taraqasida protsedura yoki makroslarni keltirishimiz mumkin.
2) Assemblerning ma’lumotlarga ishlov berish operatorlari
Ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlash uchun Assembler tilining operatorlarini quyidagicha guruhlarga ajratishimiz mumkin:
Arifmetik operatorlar
Mantiqiy operatorlar
Ma’lumotlarni uzatish operatorlar
Bayroq-maydonlarni boshqarish operatorlar
Siljitish operatorlar
Zanjir(qator) ustida operatorlar
Quyida shu operator turlariga batafsil to’xtab o’tamiz va ularning dasturda yozilish sintaksis misollari bilan tanishib chiqamiz.
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The concept of "critical thinking"

from critical observations. Based on this, we can say that critical thinking is clear and rational
thinking. Put slightly differently, critical thinking is disciplined thinking guided by clear intellectual
standards.
As Gerald Nosich said, to be a critical thinker is not only to remain the same person as
before, embodying the best qualities, but it is an important factor that transforms a person into a
different person.
In recent years, the interest in teaching students to think critically has attracted teachers on a
global scale. Schools are the key to developing critical thinking among citizens today. (F.
Hernandez) Qualified teachers can develop students' critical thinking skills. (D.S. Martin) Critical
thinking has become as important as learning and reading these days.
Critical thinking skills embody several intellectual standards. The most important of them are
clarity, accuracy, correctness, relevance, stability, logic, perfection and fairness.
Learning critical thinking helps in developing the following characteristics in a person:
- Understanding the arguments and views of others;
- Critical evaluation of received information and views;
- To support one's personal thoughts and views. [4]
So, if the formation of critical thinking is so important and necessary, why is it not developed
in everyone? Why can't we always think critically? Because there are some factors that prevent the
formation of critical thinking skills, and people find it difficult to overcome these obstacles. These
are:
- lack of sufficient information about the origin of the message
- bias
- influence of peers on each other
- the same thinking as everyone else
- inability to accept news, staying in the old
- not wanting to hear other people's opinions
- to have a wrong idea
Especially since these aspects are common among schoolchildren of younger age, it is
primary schoolchildren who have difficulty with critical thinking. A primary school teacher should
not only teach students, but also help them overcome some obstacles that prevent them from
thinking.
It should not be forgotten that developing critical thinking is not an easy task. It is not a task
that is completed and forgotten at a certain age. Therefore, there is no age limit for the formation of
critical thinking. Both a seven-year-old child and a seventy-year-old person can form and develop
critical thinking skills. At the same time, there is no single way to develop critical thinking. But being
free from some of the aspects listed above will greatly help us to become a critical thinking person.
Summary - Issn – 2181-4201 ta’lim

Summary.
In short, the formation of critical thinking skills significantly contributes to a
person's understanding of the discussed information and problems. The development of critical
thinking in students makes it easier to critically evaluate the knowledge they learn during the
lesson.
It is clear that most people easily believe what they hear. Historically, they have accepted
without question the fact that the earth is the center of the universe, that demons cause disease, or
that slavery is justice. And critical thinking helps us to clean the human mind from false
information by independently analyzing information that is not clear in our daily life.
References:
1.
Sh.M. Mirziyoyev «Tanqidiy tahlil, qat’iy tartib intizom va shaxsiy javobgarlik - har bir
rahbar faoliyatining kundalik qoidasi bo‘lishi kerak». Toshkent, 2017-y.
2.
Parimal Mukesh Bhatt “What are teacher perceptions of critical thinking and how do they
develop the critical thinking of the pupils they teach? A case study from an inner London secondary
school” School of Education University of Leicester, January 2022
3.
Nakagawa Yu “A phenomenographic study of the role of critical thinking in Japanese
primary education”, Faculty of education, University of Oulu, 2016
4.
Gregory Bassham,William Irwin, Henry Nardone, James M.Wallace “Critical thinking: a
student’s introduction”, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York,
NY 10020, 2011 y.
5.
Pete Wilson, Governor “California teacher preparation for instruction in critical thinking:
research findings and policy recommendation”,
The California commission on teacher credentialing
state of California, March 1997.
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Step 6: Define Your Topic as a Focused Research Question

Step 6: Define Your Topic as a Focused Research Question
You will often begin with a word, develop a more focused interest in an aspect of something relating to that word, then begin to have questions about the topic.
For example:
Ideas = Frank Lloyd Wright or modern architecture
Research Question = How has Frank Lloyd Wright influenced modern architecture?
Focused Research Question = What design principles used by Frank Lloyd Wright are common in contemporary homes?
Step 7: Research and Read More About Your Topic
Use the key words you have gathered to research in the catalog, article databases, and Internet search engines. Find more information to help you answer your research question.
You will need to do some research and reading before you select your final topic. Can you find enough information to answer your research question? Remember, selecting a topic is an important and complex part of the research process.
Step 8: Formulate a Thesis Statement
Write your topic as a thesis statement. This may be the answer to your research question and/or a way to clearly state the purpose of your research. Your thesis statement will usually be one or two sentences that states precisely what is to be answered, proven, or what you will inform your audience about your topic.
The development of a thesis assumes there is sufficient evidence to support the thesis statement.
For example, a thesis statement could be: Frank Lloyd Wright's design principles, including his use of ornamental detail and his sense of space and texture opened a new era of American architecture. His work has influenced contemporary residential design.
The title of your paper may not be exactly the same as your research question or your thesis statement, but the title should clearly convey the focus, purpose and meaning of your research.
For example, a title could be: Frank Lloyd Wright: Key Principles of Design For the Modern Home
Remember to follow any specific instructions from your instructor.
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Asosiy bosqichlar - I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot...

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I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot bo’lib, u dolzarb ilmiy muammo bo’yicha o’z fikrlarini bayon qilishdir mavzusini tanlashda «nazariyasi»
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bet | 11/24 | Sana | 19.06.2024 | Hajmi | 215,51 Kb. | | #264328 |
Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgAsosiy bosqichlar:
muammoni tanlash va shakllantirish (tadqiqot mavzusini tanlash);
faraz qilish;
mumkin bo'lgan echimlarni qidirish va taklif qilish;
materiallarni yig'ish;
ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirish;
loyihani tayyorlash (xabar, hisobot, tartib va boshqalar);
loyihani himoya qilish.
Bolaning bu bosqichlardan o'tishi mumkin bo'lgan fikri birinchi qarashda shubhali va hatto qo'rqinchli ko'rinadi. Ammo, ishonaman, haqiqiy qo'rquv va shubhalar haqiqiy tadqiqotlar boshlanishi bilanoq tarqaladi.
Tadqiqot mavzusini qanday tanlash kerak. Bolalar uchun mo'ljallangan barcha mavzular shartli ravishda uch asosiy guruhga birlashtirilishi mumkin:
hayoliy- Mavjud bo'lmagan, hayoliy ob'ektlar va hodisalarning rivojlanishiga qaratilgan mavzular;
empirik- o'z kuzatuvlarimiz va eksperimentlarimiz bilan bog'liq mavzular;
nazariy- bu mavzular to'plami haqiqatni o'rganish va umumlashtirish, turli manbalarda mavjud materiallarga qaratilgan. Bu boshqa odamlardan so'ralishi mumkin bo'lgan narsa, bu kitoblarda yozilgan va hokazo.
Mavzu bolani qiziqtirishi, uni qiziqtirishi kerak.
Mavzu to'g'ri bo'lishi kerak, uning hal etish tadqiqot ishtirokchilariga haqiqiy foyda keltirishi kerak.
Mavzu asl bo'lishi kerak, u ajablantiradigan elementni talab qiladi.
Ma'lumotlar hayrat bilan boshlanadi va odamlar kutilmagan narsaga hayron qolishadi. Bu holatda o'ziga xoslik faqatgina g'ayrioddiy narsalarni topishga qobiliyat sifatida emas, balki an'anaviy narsalar va hodisalarda qutidan tashqariga qarash qobiliyati sifatida ham tushunilishi kerak.
Mavzu shuni ko'rsatadiki, ishni nisbatan tez bajarish mumkin.
Ko'pincha ishtiyoq bilan boshlangan va oxirigacha bajarilmaydigan ishlar (chizma, qurilish, va hokazo) hali tugallanmaganligini kuzatish kerak. Tadqiqotni "bir nafasda" o'tkazish juda qiyin. Bola tabiatining bu xususiyati hisobga olinsa, birinchi tadqiqot tajribalari uzoq vaqt talab qilinmasligini ta'minlashga harakat qilish kerak.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot bo’lib, u dolzarb ilmiy muammo bo’yicha o’z fikrlarini bayon qilishdir mavzusini tanlashda «nazariyasi»
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Gipotezalarni taqdim etishni o'rganish

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Gipotezalarni taqdim etishni o'rganish
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bet | 12/24 | Sana | 19.06.2024 | Hajmi | 215,51 Kb. | | #264328 |
Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgGipotezalarni taqdim etishni o'rganish
"Gipoteza" so'zi qadimgi yunon tilidan keladi. Gipotezalar, taxminlar va noan'anaviy g'oyalar muhim fikrlash qobiliyatidir.
Natijada, har bir muammoni hal qilish uchun ko'pgina muammolar aniqlandi va bir qator farazlar ishlab chiqildi. Muammoni murakkablashtirishi mumkin, masalan, bolalarning tadqiqotlari uchun muammolar bo'lishi mumkin: "nima uchun quyosh porlashi kerak?", "Nega mushukchalar o'ynaydi?", "Nima uchun parrotslar gaplashishi mumkin?".
Gipotezalarni ishlab chiqish qobiliyati maxsus o'qitilishi mumkin. Mana shu oddiy mashq: «Birgalikda o'ylaylik: nima uchun qushlar qo'shiq kuylaydilar?» (Nima uchun daraxtlar kurtaklari paydo bo'ladi? Nima uchun suv oqadi, nima uchun shamol esadi?).
Qanday farazlar bo'lishi mumkin: qushlar ovozlarini o'rgatishadi, yirtqich hayvonlarni qo'rqitadilar, qo'shnilariga gapirishadi, jo'jalarini o'rgatishadi, odamlar va hayvonlarni nimadir haqida ogohlantiradilar? Ehtimol, ular bu orzu hayotdagi ortiqchalikdan kelib chiqadimi?
Imkoniyatli farazlar mavjud, ular odatda "provokatsion g'oyalar" deb ataladi. Bizning holatlarimizda, masalan, bu shunday bo'lishi mumkin: "Qushlar qo'shiq aytadilar, chunki ular bu dunyoda begona sivilizatsiyalarga signal berishadi".
Farazlarni va provokatsion g'oyalarni rivojlantirish qobiliyatini o'rgatishga imkon beradigan bir necha mashqlarni beraman.
1. Bu narsalarning har biri qanday sharoitda juda foydali bo'ladi? Ushbu narsalarning ikkitasi yoki undan ko'pi foydalidir: yog'och blok, velosiped shinasi, bolg'a, tort, o'yinchoq.
Takliflarni qilishda odatda biz quyidagi so'zlarni ishlatamiz: "ehtimol", "taxmin qil", "ehtimol", "ehtimol", "nima bo'lsa ...".
2. Nima uchun kuchuklar va mushuklar o'ynashni yaxshi ko'radilar deb o'ylaysiz? Bu borada bir nechta turli farazlarni taklif qiling.
3. Hodisaning mumkin bo'lgan sababini toping:
Bolalar hovlida ko'proq o'yin o'ynashni boshladilar;
Misha juda jiddiy edi;
O'rmon bo'ylab kun bo'yi olovli vertolyot aylantirilgan;
Avtomobil yo'lda yolg'iz qoldi;
Oyim qishda uyquga ketmagan, ammo o'rmon bo'ylab yurgan.
Do'stlar janjal qilishdi.
4. Agar har bir kishi sehrgardan eng muhim uch istagini bajarishlarini so'rashi mumkin bo'lsa, nima bo'ladi? Natijada nima bo'lishini tushuntirib, imkon qadar ko'p farazlar va provokatsion g'oyalar bilan kelishimiz kerak.
5. Hovuzda baliq suvi. Ikkita eng mantiqiy taxminlarni yarating va ikkita eng mantiqiy tushuntirishlarni keltiring. Ikkita eng hayoliy va tushunarsiz tushuntirishlar bilan chiqing.
6. Tasavvur qilingki, chumchuqlar katta burgutning o'lchamiga aylangan. Nima bo'lar edi? Bir necha gipotezalar va provokatsion g'oyalar bilan chiqing.
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Library resources like Credo Reference Unlimited, Gale Virtual Reference Library, CQ Researcher and subject-specific encyclopedias

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Library resources like Credo Reference Unlimited, Gale Virtual Reference Library, CQ Researcher and subject-specific encyclopedias
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bet | 22/24 | Sana | 19.06.2024 | Hajmi | 215,51 Kb. | | #264328 |
Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgLibrary resources like Credo Reference Unlimited, Gale Virtual Reference Library, CQ Researcher and subject-specific encyclopedias can help you come up with topic ideas because they provide great overviews and introductions to topics. You can find links to these kinds of resources in the Research Guides mentioned above. These will probably not be scholarly sources you can use in your paper, but they may lead you to more in-depth, scholarly resources that you will want to use in your paper.
How to Choose a Scientific Topic for Your Research Paper Writing
10 February 2020, 3:52 pm EST By Staff Reporter Tech Times
( pixabay )
Undoubtedly, finding the appropriate topic for a research paper requires proficiency in the selected subject. It is also vital to be interested in the research and willing to contribute to the existing knowledge. A decent research paper should provide your unique perspective on a subject matter and expand the possibilities for future studies.
However, it might be difficult to choose the topic which both interests you and could be conducted in simple settings. You will also need to read the literature on the chosen issue and synthesize the data. In this regard, here are the most crucial steps in choosing a scientific topic for your next research paper.
Choose the direction
Before selecting a topic, you should establish the area for your research. In particular, you should decide what you want to explore and what goal you want to achieve. For this purpose, you will need to determine what type of research it would be and what method you will use. Another important notion is to select the narrow direction of the research to study the particular concept.
After that, you can start to brainstorm ideas and decide what you want to study. However, you have to remember not to choose the complicated research which requires a large sample group or information which is not accessible. For instance, researching a particular location would be a complicated task because it is challenging to get the data on a specific area.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Library resources like Credo Reference Unlimited, Gale Virtual Reference Library, CQ Researcher and subject-specific encyclopedias
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Don't choose a popular topic - I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil...

Don't choose a popular topic
On the one hand, if you select the popular subject for the research, there will be a lot of material and sources to work with. However, on the other hand, there is a significant chance that somebody has already conducted similar research. As a result, you will not bring something new to the conclusions, and your research might be lost among the hundreds of similar studies. Your goal is to provide unique findings rather than just to prove your theory or hypothesis.
Even if you choose the topic which is related to a broad concept, make sure that you are going to explore it from a specific angle with the original approach. Your research should touch upon the topics which might be very subtle, and yet significant for the areas of study. For instance, instead of exploring the impact of video games on behavior of a child, try to dive deeper into studying how it contributes to the development of cognitive abilities.
Have a back-up plan
Be ready that once you have started working on one topic, you might discover that it has been studied by other scholars. Moreover, the hypothesis of similar research could be the same as yours. Stay flexible and try to have more than one idea regarding the specifics of your topic. Nevertheless, you can also work on expanding the topic. Just try to provide the additional details and apply other methods to provide the conclusions which were missing in the previous studies.
The best strategy is to outline several options for the topic which would be related to the core issues of research. Although it could be difficult to design the research methods for the multiple topics, make the list of the themes that you want to mention in your study. Subsequently, you could easily switch the emphasis into another direction while already working on a paper.
Consult with the professionals
If you cannot decide what area to choose or what direction to follow, you can ask the scholars in the particular discipline about what research question needs further studies. In addition, you will get the information and relevant references to the topic of your potential research paper. The assistance of the experienced researchers could also inspire you to find the area in the scientific study, which has never been explored.
Besides, you can consider a professional service to assist you in research paper writing, not only with the topic for the study but also with the proper formatting. The writing professionals are more aware of how to find credible sources and apply correct citations to them. Hence, you will be more concerned with collecting data and the research itself.
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АНАЛИЗ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ В НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССАХ

Kirish qismi
. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Xalq ta’limi tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish
konsepsiyasi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2018-yil 5-sentyabrdagi “Xalq ta’limini
boshqarish tizimini takomillashtirish bo‘yicha qo‘shimcha chora-tadbirlar to‘g‘risidagi PF-5538-son
Farmoni ijrosi yuzasidan ishlab chiqilgan umumiy qoidalarda mavjud darsliklarning eskirganligi,
yangi avlod darsliklarini yaratish lozimligi borasida ko‘rsatma berilgan. Darsliklarni yaratish
tizimida xilma-xillikning yo‘qligi ularni yaratish va nashr qilishni monopollashtirishga omil bo‘lib
qolayotganligi aytiladi. Davlat ta’lim standartlari kompetensiyaviy yondashuvga asoslanganligiga
qaramasdan, o‘qitish va baholash metodlari, shuningdek darsliklar va boshqa o‘quv materiallarini
asosan axborotni yodlash va bayon qilishga qaratilgan bo‘lib, tanqidiy fikrlash, axborotni mustaqil
izlash va tahlil qilish ko‘nikmalari va boshqa malakalarni rivojlantirishga to‘sqinlik qilayotganligi
ta’kidlab o‘tiladi. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2019-yil 29-apreldagi “Oʻzbekiston
Respublikasi Xalq ta’limi tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash
toʻgʻrisida”gi 5712-son Farmonida 2030-yilga kelib xalqaro baholash reytingida jahonning birinchi
30 ta ilgʻor mamlakatlari qatoriga kirishiga erishish hamda xalq ta’limi tizimida ta’lim sifatini
baholash sohasidagi xalqaro tadqiqotlarni tashkil etish asosida oʻquvchilarning oʻqish, matematika
va tabiiy yoʻnalishdagi fanlardan savodxonlik darajasini baholashga yoʻnaltirilgan ta’lim sifatini
baholashning milliy tizimini yaratish vazifalari belgilangan Biz raqamli texnologiyalar asrida, taʼlim
karyerada muvaffaqiyat qozonishning, turmush farovonligini oshirishning bosh omiliga aylangan
davrda yashayapmiz. Zamonaviy taʼlim bizning nafaqat bilim va koʻnikmalarimizni belgilab
beruvchi mezon, balki bizning dunyoqarashimizni, bizning dunyo taraqqiyotiga qoʻshadigan
hissamizni ham aks ettiruvchi muhim qadriyatdir. Hozirgi kunga qadar adabiy ta`lim ona tili o`qitish
metodikasining tarkibida o`rganilib kelinayotgan edi.
Develop a research question - I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy...

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I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot bo’lib, u dolzarb ilmiy muammo bo’yicha o’z fikrlarini bayon qilishdir mavzusini tanlashda «nazariyasi»
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bet | 21/24 | Sana | 19.06.2024 | Hajmi | 215,51 Kb. | | #264328 |
Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgDevelop a research question. Once you have come up with a broad topic and done some background research, you may want to develop a research question, or a question you're going to answer in your paper by doing more, in-depth research.
What's your general approach to the topic? Think about some general approaches that may help you further develop your topic: use a historical angle by focusing on a particular time period; a geographical angle, focusing on a particular part of the world; or a sociological angle, focusing on a particular group of people.
Start doing some exploratory, in-depth research. As you do more in-depth research, like looking for scholarly articles, books, and other sources to include in your paper, you can and probably will modify or refine your topic based on what you find.
Research is a dynamic process. Don't be afraid to discover new things and modify or refine your topic.
The topic development process will help you to develop your thesis, which is essentially your proposed answer to your research question. You will then be ready to use the sources you've found, and find more sources in order to support that thesis, or to answer your research question.
Here's an example of how the topic development process above can lead you to a thesis:
Resources that can help you develop your topic:
Your instructor, course readings, class notes, Wikipedia, and Google can all be helpful in terms of getting ideas for broad topics.
A Research Guide for a particular subject created by a subject librarian is great for helping you choose where to begin your research. These online guides will identify encyclopedias, books, databases, and other materials to help you get started with research. You can also ask a librarian at the Library Service Desk.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot bo’lib, u dolzarb ilmiy muammo bo’yicha o’z fikrlarini bayon qilishdir mavzusini tanlashda «nazariyasi»
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Practical Exercises to Extend Your Learning

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Practical Exercises to Extend Your Learning
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bet | 20/24 | Sana | 19.06.2024 | Hajmi | 215,51 Kb. | | #264328 |
Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgPractical Exercises to Extend Your Learning
Identify three narrower aspects of the following broad topics. In other words, what are three areas you could investigate that fit into these very broad topics?
Sports
Pollution
Politics
Identify a broader topic that would cover the following narrow topics. In other words, how could you expand these topics to find more information?
Menus in Michigan prisons
Urban planning in Flint
Imagine that you have been assigned the following topics. Think of 5 keywords you might use to look for information on each.
How does air quality affect our health?
What are the barriers to peace in the Middle East?
Should snowmobiling be allowed in wilderness areas?
How can welfare reform help poor children?
How do you decide what to write about when confronted with a research paper? You want a focused topic!
Here are some things to consider:
Make sure your topic meets the assignment requirements. Ask your professor for feedback if you are unsure.
Choose a topic that is interesting to you. It may seem obvious, but this will make the research process more fun and engaging for you.
Consider the scope of your topic. If your topic is too broad it may be hard to find information that is focused and relevant; if your topic is too narrow it may be hard to find any information at all.
Here's one strategy for developing a research topic once you have a broad topic in mind:
Background research will help you develop your topic and hone or change it in more appropriate ways. Knowing more about your topic's background can only help you develop a more effective topic, and therefore, research paper.
Brainstorm concepts. Once you think of a broad topic that interests you, try to brainstorm all of the words or concepts you can that might be related to that topic (and write them down!). For example, if your topic is "polar bears," you might think of the following words and topics in association: ice, cubs, pollution, hunting, diet, climate change, and environmental icon.
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Selecting a Topic - I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqola – bu mustaqil ilmiy tadqiqot...

Selecting a Topic
The ability to develop a good research topic is an important skill. An instructor may assign you a specific topic, but most often instructors require you to select your own topic of interest. When deciding on a topic, there are a few things that you will need to do:
brainstorm for ideas
choose a topic that will enable you to read and understand the literature
ensure that the topic is manageable and that material is available
make a list of key words
be flexible
define your topic as a focused research question
research and read more about your topic
formulate a thesis statement
Be aware that selecting a good topic may not be easy. It must be narrow and focused enough to be interesting, yet broad enough to find adequate information. Before selecting your topic, make sure you know what your final project should look like. Each class or instructor will likely require a different format or style of research project.
Use the steps below to guide you through the process of selecting a research topic.
Step 1: Brainstorm for ideas
Choose a topic that interests you. Use the following questions to help generate topic ideas.
Do you have a strong opinion on a current social or political controversy
Did you read or see a news story recently that has piqued your interest or made you angry or anxious?
Do you have a personal issue, problem or interest that you would like to know more about?
Do you have a research paper due for a class this semester?
Is there an aspect of a class that you are interested in learning more about?
Look at some of the following topically oriented Web sites and research sites for ideas.
Are you interested in current events, government, politics or the social sciences?
Are you interested in health or medicine?
Look in Healthfinder.gov, Health & Wellness Resource Center or the National Library of Medicine
Are you interested in the Humanities; art, literature, music?
For other subject areas try:
Write down any key words or concepts that may be of interest to you. Could these terms help be used to form a more focused research topic?
Be aware of overused ideas when deciding a topic. You may wish to avoid topics such as, abortion, gun control, teen pregnancy, or suicide unless you feel you have a unique approach to the topic. Ask the instructor for ideas if you feel you are stuck or need additional guidance.
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Step 4: Make a List of Useful Keywords

Step 4: Make a List of Useful Keywords
Keep track of the words that are used to describe your topic.
Look for words that best describe your topic
Look for them in when reading encyclopedia articles and background and general information
Find broader and narrower terms, synonyms, key concepts for key words to widen your search capabilities
Make note of these words and use them later when searching databases and catalogs
Step 5: Be Flexible
It is common to modify your topic during the research process. You can never be sure of what you may find. You may find too much and need to narrow your focus, or too little and need to broaden your focus. This is a normal part of the research process. When researching, you may not wish to change your topic, but you may decide that some other aspect of the topic is more interesting or manageable.
Keep in mind the assigned length of the research paper, project, bibliography or other research assignment. Be aware of the depth of coverage needed and the due date. These important factors may help you decide how much and when you will modify your topic. You instructor will probably provide specific requirements, if not the table below may provide a rough guide:
Assigned Length of Research Paper or Project
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Suggested guidelines for approximate number and types of sources needed
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1-2 page paper
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2-3 magazine articles or Web sites
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3-5 page paper
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4-8 items, including book, articles (scholarly and/or popular) and Web sites
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Annotated Bibliography
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6-15 items including books, scholarly articles, Web sites and other items
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10-15 page research paper
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12-20 items, including books, scholarly articles, web sites and other items
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Step 2: Read General Background Information

Step 2: Read General Background Information
Read a general encyclopedia article on the top two or three topics you are considering. Reading a broad summary enables you to get an overview of the topic and see how your idea relates to broader, narrower, and related issues. It also provides a great source for finding words commonly used to describe the topic. These keywords may be very useful to your later research. If you cant find an article on your topic, try using broader terms and ask for help from a librarian.
For example, the Encyclopedia Britannica Online (or the printed version of this encyclopedia, in Thompson Library's Reference Collection on Reference Table 1) may not have an article on Social and Political Implications of Jackie Robinsons Breaking of the Color Barrier in Major League Baseball but there will be articles on baseball history and on Jackie Robinson.
Browse the Encyclopedia Americana for information on your topic ideas. Notice that both online encyclopedias provide links to magazine articles and Web sites. These are listed in the left or the right margins.
Use periodical indexes to scan current magazine, journal or newspaper articles on your topic. Ask a librarian if they can help you to browse articles on your topics of interest.
Use Web search engines. Google and Bing are currently considered to be two of the best search engines to find web sites on the topic.
Step 3: Focus on Your Topic
Keep it manageable
A topic will be very difficult to research if it is too broad or narrow. One way to narrow a broad topic such as "the environment" is to limit your topic. Some common ways to limit a topic are:
Example: What environmental issues are most important in the Southwestern United States
Example: How does the environment fit into the Navajo world view?
Example: What are the most prominent environmental issues of the last 10 years?
Example: How does environmental awareness effect business practices today?
Example: What are the effects of air pollution on senior citizens?
Remember that a topic may be too difficult to research if it is too:
locally confined - Topics this specific may only be covered in these (local) newspapers, if at all.
Example: What sources of pollution affect the Genesee County water supply?
recent - If a topic is quite recent, books or journal articles may not be available, but newspaper or magazine articles may. Also, Web sites related to the topic may or may not be available.
broadly interdisciplinary - You could be overwhelmed with superficial information.
Example: How can the environment contribute to the culture, politics and society of the Western states?
popular - You will only find very popular articles about some topics such as sports figures and high-profile celebrities and musicians.
If you have any difficulties or questions with focusing your topic,discuss the topic with your instructor, or with a librarian
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Issn – 2181-4201 ta’lim - bet 109

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TA’LIM TRANSFORMATSIYASI
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ
ILMIY
–
METODIK JURNAL
BOSH MUHARIR
pedagogika
fanlari nomzodi, dotsent
DAMINOV MIRZOHID ISLOMOVICH
Nashriyot litsenziyasi АI № 178. 08.12.201
0. Original
–
maketdan bosishga
ruxsat etildi: 29.12.2022
. Bichimi 60х84
.
Kegli 14
shponli. «
Palatino
Linotype» garn.
Ofset bosma usulida. Ofset bosma qo
g
ʻ
ozi.
Bosma tabo
g
ʻ
i 12.5 Adadi ___
. Buyurtma №
___ .
«Sharq
-
Buxoro» MCHJ bosmaxonasi
da chop etildi.
Buxoro shahar
O‘
zbekiton Mustaqilligi k
o‘
chasi, 70/2 uy.
Mumkin echimlarni qidirish va taklif qilish

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Mumkin echimlarni qidirish va taklif qilish
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Bog'liq I. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishining nomi va mavzusini shakllantirish Maqo-fayllar.orgMumkin echimlarni qidirish va taklif qilish. Tadqiqot ishlari - bu qattiq masala va shoshqaloqlik va shov-shuvni yoqtirmaydi. Qidiruv dasturini ishlab chiqish, bolalarni muammoni hal qilishga o'rgatishingiz kerak. Qiziqarli, g'ayrioddiy g'oyalarni taklif qilish qobiliyatini rivojlantirish va ularni rivojlantirishni o'rganish.
Materiallarni to'plash .
Kattaroqlardan so'rang. Bizning holatlarda ular ekspertlar bo'ladi (har qanday kattalar bu rolni bajarishi mumkin).
Biologiya bo'yicha ma'lumotnomalar va kitoblarni ko'rib chiqaylik.
Keling, maxsus teledasturlarni tomosha qilaylik.
Siz kompyuterga kirishingiz mumkin.
Siz tomosha qilishingiz mumkin.
Eksperiment o'tkazishingiz mumkin (masalan, kaplumbaning harakati, uning odam bilan munosabati: insonning ovoziga qanday munosabatda bo'lishi, e'tiborni to'satdan harakatga aylantirishi, yorug'lik uning xatti-harakatiga ta'sir qilishi va boshqalar.).
Yangi ma'lumot manbalarini izlash o'z tadqiqotlarini o'tkazish zarurati bilan bog'liq. Bu o'z tadqiqotiga asoslanib bolani jalb qilish uchun juda yaxshi zamin yaratadi, kognitiv ehtiyojlar turli manbalarda ishlaydi.
Lekin kitobda, video, axborotni qayta ko'rib chiqishda, axborot bilan tanishib oldingiz, kimdir allaqachon chiqarilganini yodda tutish kerak. Ushbu tadqiqotning asosiy yo'nalishi o'zingizning bilimlaringizni olishdir.
Shuning uchun, bu holda axborotning eng qimmatli manbai tabiatning o'ziga xos ko'rinishi bo'lishi kerak. Bu qushlarning kelishi, barglari tushishi, qor erishi, ob-havo hodisalari, odamlar, hayvonlarning xatti-harakatlari va boshqalar bo'lishi mumkin. Bunday holda, yangi boshlang'ich tadqiqotchilar kuzatuvlar qilish, eksperimentlar o'tkazish, axborotni qayta ishlashga yordam berish kerak.
Axborotni ro'yxatga olish jarayoni- odatda eng qiyin, lekin qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin.
Bir parcha qog'oz tayyorlang. Ular uchun qalam, qalam yoki temir-tusli qalam bilan siz eslatma, chizish, mos yozuvlar sxemalarini olishingiz mumkin. Va bu "belgilar-hiyerogliflar" faqat muallif tomonidan tushunilishi muhim emas. Bu yozuvlarning barchasi ish oxiriga qadar ehtiyotkorlik bilan saqlanishi kerak.
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Kasbiy ma’naviyatning o’ziga xos prinsiplari

Kasbiy ma’naviyatning o’ziga xos prinsiplari
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Suvning rangliligi - Suv. Suvning tarkibi. Suvning fizik kimyoviy xossalari reja: Suvning tarkibi va tuzilishi

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Suv. Suvning tarkibi. Suvning fizik kimyoviy xossalari reja: Suvning tarkibi va tuzilishi
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bet | 17/66 | Sana | 04.12.2023 | Hajmi | 461,48 Kb. | | #111123 |
Bog'liq Suvning tarkibi va tuzilishi Suvning fizik-kimyoviy ko’rsatkichl-fayllar.orgSuvning rangliligi.
Suvlarning rangliligi asosan ularning tarkibidagi bo'lgan gumin moddalar hamda uch valеntli tеmir birikmalariga bog'liqdir. Gumin moddalar o'simliklar chirish jarayonida hosil bo'lib, ular suvda erish natijasida suv sariq rangli bo'lib qoladi.Gumin birikmalar gumin kislotalar (52-58 % uglеrod, 3,3-4,8 % vodorod, 34-39 % kislorod) va filvokislotalardan (45-48 % uglеrod, 5-6 % vodorod, 43-48 % kislorod) tashkil topgan.
Suvlarning rangliligi gradusda o'lchanadi. Ranglilik ko'rsatkichi suv namunasini standart eritma bilan solishtirish yo'li bilan aniqlanadi. Standart eritma xlor platina kaliy K2PtCl6 va kobalt xloridi CoCl2 tuzlari aralashmasidan tayyorlanadi. 1ml suvda 0,1 mg platina bo'lgan standart eritmaning rangiga to'g'ri kеladigan suvning rangi 1 grad ranglilik dеb baholanadi.
Ichimlik suvning rangliligi 20 graddan oshmasligi kеrak.
Suvning xidi va ta'mi
Xidi bilan ta'mi suvning organolеptik ko'rsatkichlariga kiritiladi.Tabiiy suvning xidi tarkibidagi xidli moddalarga bog'liq. Tarkibida anorganik moddalar bo'lgan suvlarda vodorod sulfidning xidi bo'ladi. Suvning xidi ba'zi bir organizmlarga masalan; mog'ol va aktinomitsеtalarga qam bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin. Suvga xlor bilan ishlov bеrganda suvda xlorfеnollarning xidi paydo bo'ladi.
Suvning xidi bеsh balli shkala bo'yicha ballarda yoki «chеgaraviy tеkshirish», ya'ni xidi yo'q bo'lguncha suyultirilish darajasi bo'yicha baholanadi. Bunda tеmpеratura ham ko'rsatilishi shart. Ichimlik-maishiy suvlarning xidi 3-4 balldan oshmasligi kеrak.
Suvning ta'mi tarkibidagi tabiiy yuli bilan kеlib tushgan yoki oqova suvlar bilan ifloslanishi natijasida tushgan moddalarga bog'liq. Organolеptik analizda faqat ichimlik suvlarni ta'mi tеkshiriladi. Suvning ta'mi sho'r, shirin, achchiq, nordon dеb ko'rsatiladi. Bundan tashqari suvga ishqoriy, mеtall va boshqa ta'mlar xos bo'lishi mumkin. Suvning ta'mini aniqlash uchun 10-15 ml suv namunasini og'izga olib bir nеcha daqiqa ushlab turiladi, kеyin esa tuflab tashaladi. Analizda tеmpеratura ham ko'rsatiladi. Ko'pincha ichimlik suvning xеch qanday ta'mi yo'q. Yer osti suvlarning ta'mi sho'r va achchiq bo'lishi mumkin, tarkibidagi tuzlarning miqdoriga qarab.
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Tabiy suvlarning sifatini baholash

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Tabiy suvlarning sifatini baholash
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Bog'liq Suvning tarkibi va tuzilishi Suvning fizik-kimyoviy ko’rsatkichl-fayllar.orgTabiy suvlarning sifatini baholash.
Ichimlik va tabiiy suvlarning sifati tеgishli analiz natijasida aniqlanadigan bir qator kimyoviy, fizik-kimyoviy va sanitar-baktеriologik ko'rsatkichlar orqali baholanadi.
Analiz natijalari asosida quyidagi masalalar hal etiladi:
1.Suvning ifloslanishi xaraktеri va darajasi aniqlanadi.
2.Suvning epidеmiologik va zaxarlilik darajasining havfliligi aniqlanadi.
3.Suvga tеgishli tozalash usulini qo'llashni va ma'lum foydalanish turiga yaroqligini aniqlash.
4.Suvni tozalash jarayonlarini boshqarish va tozalagich moslamalarning ishlashini nazorat qilish.
5.Tozalagich moslamalarning va tozalash stantsiyasining ishlash samaradorligini baholash.
Suvning to'liq analizi o'nglab ko'rsatkichlarni aniqlashni o'z ichiga oladi. Ularning katta qismi mikroelеmеntlar va tirik organizmlar uchun zaharli moddalarni aniqlashdan iborat. Bunday moddalarga qo'rg'oshin, simob, mishyak, ftor, tеtraetilsvinеts, nеft mahsulotlari, pеstitsidlar, radioaktiv moddalar kiradi. Suvning sifatini har kungi nazorat qilishda quyidagi ko'rsatkichlar aniqlanadi:
suvning loyqalik darajasi, rangi, xidi va ta'mi, pH-ko'rsatkichi, tеmpеraturaga, ion tarkibi, qattiqligi, ishqoriyliligi, gazlarning miqdori, azot birikmalari, marganеts, sulfatlar, xloridlar, silikatlar miqdori, quruq qoldiq, oksidlanish ko'rsatkichi hamda baktеrial ifloslanganligi aniqlanadi.
Suvning loyqaliligini va muallaq zarrachalarning miqdorini
aniqlash. Suvning loyqalilik darajasi tеkshirilayotgan namunani standart eritma bilan solishtirish asosida aniqlanadi. Standart eritma distillangan suvga SiO2 suspеnziyasini qo'shish natijasida tayyorlanadi.
Loyqalilik ko'rsatkichi mg/l-da o'lchanadi.
Daryo suvlarining loyqaliligi yеr osti suvlarga nisbatan baland. Loyqaliligining kattaligi ushbu suvlarning tarkibidagi muallaq zarrachalarga, ya'ni loy, qum, plankton, o'simliklar qoldiqlariga bog'liqdir. Daryo suvlarining loyqaligi 1 litr suvda bir nеcha ming mg-ni tashkil qilishi mumkin.
Ichimlik suvning loyqaliligi 2 mg/l.dan oshmasligi kеrak. Suvdagi erimagan va kolloid zarrachalarning miqdorini tiniqlik ko'rsatkichi bilan aniqlash mumkin. Tiniqlik ko'rsatkichi 30-50 sm balandlikdagi shisha silindlarda o'lchanadi. Bunda ma'lum shrift bilan yozilgan matn ko'ringandagi suv qavatining balandligi (sm-da) suvning shrift bo'yicha tiniqligi dеyiladi.
Suvdagi muallaq zarrachalarni aniqlash uchun filtrlash usuli qo'llaniladi. Bunda suv filtrdan o'tkazilib, filtr 105o C quritiladi. Filtrlashdan avval va kеyin o'lchangan filtrning vaznining farqi suvdagi muallaq zarrachalarning miqdorini ko'rsatadi. Amaliyotda tiniqlik ko'rsatkichi bilan muallaq zarrachalar miqdorining bir biriga bog'liqligi grafiki chizilib suvdagi erimagan zarrachalarning miqdorini tеz aniqlab olish mumkin.
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FOYDALANILGAN - Kasbiy ma’naviyatning o’ziga xos prinsiplari

FOYDALANILGAN
ADABIYOTLAR
RO’YXATI:
1.SH.M.Mirziyoуevning
Erkin va farovon, demoktarik O’zbekiston
davlatini
birgalikda barpo etamiz.–Toshkent:O’zbekiston, 2016.
2.SH.M.Mirziyoуevning Qonun ustivorligi va inson manfatlarini ta’minlash-yurt
taraqqiyoti va xalq farovonligining garovi. –Toshkent:O’zbekiston, 2016.
3.SH.M.Mirziyoуevning Milliy taraqqiyot yo’limizning qat’iyat
bilan davom
ettirib,
yangi
bosqichga
ko’taramiz.
–Toshkent:O’zbekiston,
2017.
4.SH.M.Mirziyoуevning Yangi O’zbekiston Strategiyasi. –Toshkent:O’zbekiston,
2021.
5.O.To’raqulov, U.Ro’ziуev Halq qalbiga yo’l.-Mashhur-Press nashiriyoti,2021.
6.D.Himmataliуev, B.Xoliуev. O’MKHTRI o’qituvchisi. kasb-hunar ta’limi
jurnali.2013.
TEKSHIRISH SAVOLLARI - Mavzu: Payvand birikmalar va choklarning asosiy turlari

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Mavzu: Payvand birikmalar va choklarning asosiy turlari
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,8 Mb. | | #231751 |
Bog'liq Mavzu Payvand birikmalar va choklarning asosiy turlariTEKSHIRISH SAVOLLARI
Payvand birikma tushuncha bering?
Payvand birikmalarning turlarini ayting?
Uchma-uch birikma hisobini tushuntiring.
Ustma-ust birikma hisobini tushuntiring. Tavrli birikma hisobini tushuntiring. Payvand chok uchun ruxsat etilgan kuchlanish qanday olinadi? Payvand chok ko`ndalang kesim yuzasi qarshilik mo`lenti qanday topiladi? Payvand chokning egilishdagi mustaxkamlik shartini ayting. Xisobiy kesim yuzasi qanday topiladi. Payvand chokning cho`zilishdagi mustaxkamlik shartini ayting. Payvand birikmaning asosiy kamchiliklarini ko`rsating. Payvand choklarning turlarini ayting?
Elektrod harakatini chizib ko‘rsating?
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Payvandlash usullarining tasnifi

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Payvandlash usullarining tasnifi
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,8 Mb. | | #231751 |
Bog'liq Mavzu Payvand birikmalar va choklarning asosiy turlariPayvandlash usullarining tasnifi
Metallami payvandlash usullarini GOST 19521-84 ga ko’ra quyidagi sinflarga ajratiladi:
Termik sinf. Bu sinfga kiruvchi usullarning barchasi (elektr yoy yordamida, elektr shlakda, elektron nurida, gaz alangasida, plazmada va boshqalar) da metallarni payvandlash joylarini qizdirishda ajraluvchi issiqlik energiyadan foydalaniladi.
Termomexanik sinf. Bu sinfga kiruvchi usullarning barchasi (elektrokontakt, gaz alangasida qizdirib presslash va boshqalar) da metallarni payvandlash joylari ajraluvchi issiqlik energiyada qizdirilib, yuqori plastik holatga keltirilib bosim bilan siqib payvandlanadi.
Mexanik sinf. Bu sinfga kiruvchi usullarning barchasi (ultra tovush yordamida, portlovchi moddalarni portlatib, sovuqlayin ishqalab va boshqalar)da metallarni payvandlash joylari mexanik energiyani issiqlikka aylanishida qizib yuqori plastik holatga keltirilgach bosim bilan siqib payvandlanadi.
Payvand chok bilan biriktirilgan bir qancha elementlar to’plami payvand birikma deb yuritiladi.
Payvandlash yo’li bilan turli materiallardan ajralmaydigan konstruksiyalar tayyorlashda payvand birikmalarning turli xillaridan foydalaniladi, lekin, ko’proq tarqalgan xillariga uchma-uch, ustma-ust, burchak hosil qilgan va tavraviy birikmalar kiradi.
Uchma-uch birikmalar (1-
2-rasm. Payvand birikmalarning asosiy turlari:
Uchma-uch birikmalar (2-rasm: a). Bunday birikmalarda asosiy hamda suyuqlantirib qo’shiladigan metall kam sarflanishi, payvandlash vaqtining tejalishi va asosiy metalldek puxta chok olinishi sababli bular sanoatda ko’proq tarqalgan. Lekin, uchma-uch biriktirishda payvandlash uchun listlarni yaxshilab tayyorlash va bir-biriga aniq to’g’rilamoq zarur.
Ustma-ust birikmalar (2-rasm: b). Bunday biriktirish usuli asosan, qalinligi ko’pi bilan 10-12 mm bo’lgan po’latdan ishlangan qurilish konstruksyalarini yoy yordamida payvandlashda qo’llaniladi.
Ustma-ust birikmalar olish uchun payvandlashda uchma-uch payvandlashdagi singari payvandlanadigan joylarni qo’shimcha ravishda kertib unga ishlov berish talab etilmaydi.
Burchak hosil qilgan birikmalar (2-rasm: v). Bunday birikmalardan bir-biriga nisbatan to’g’ri yoki boshqa burchak ostida joylashgan listlarni chetlari bo’yicha payvandlab biriktirishda foydalaniladi. Bunday birikmalar, asosan, gaz yoki suyuqlikning unchalik katta bo’lmagan ichki bosimi ta’sirida bo’ladigan idishlarda hosil qilinadi. Bunday birikmalarni olishda metallning chetlari kertilmaydi (faqat muhim birikmalar olishdagina kertiladi).
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