nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
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Y - 1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq

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Quyida berilgan mantiqiy masalani YOKI-EMAS bazis amali bo‘yicha mantiqiy sxemasini tuzing.
Berilgan masalani oldin chinlik jadvalini tuzib olamiz.
CHinlik jadvalidan chiquv natijalardan bir qiymatga ega bo‘lgan mulohazalarni olib ularni mantiqiy funksiyasini tuzamiz.
Xosil bo‘lgan oxirgi natijadan foydalanib uning mantiqiy sxemasini tuzamiz:
YOKI-EMAS mantiqiy amali yordamida tuzilgan mantiqiy sxema.
ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy element - bu modul 2 bo‘yicha qo‘shish amali (M2- mantiqiy elementi). Agar A va V mantiqiy fikrlarning fakatgina bittasi rost bo‘lsa ularning modul ikki bo‘yicha yig’indisi rost bo‘ladi. Qolgan barcha hollarda modul 2 bo‘yicha qo‘shish yolg’ondir.
Demak modul 2 bo‘yicha qo‘shish amali uchun quyidagi o‘tish jadvali o‘ rinlidir:
Bu erda: A va V- kirish signallari, X- chiqish signali.
Modul 2 bo‘yicha qo‘shish amalini “M2”- “YOKI”- ni inkor qilish elementi bajaradi va u quyidagicha yoziladi. X=A+V
ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementining sxemtik ko‘rinishi quyidagicha tasvirlanadi.
ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementi bo‘yicha tayyorlangan 7486 mikrosxemasini ishini ko‘rib chiqamiz. 7486 mikrosxemasi 4 ta alohida va har biri 2 tadan kirishi bo‘lgan ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementidan tashkil topgan bo‘lib uning sxematik ko‘rinishi quyidagicha:
Bu to‘rtta ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementi bir biridan mustaqil holda ishlaydi. Agar mikrosxemadagi har bir elementlarning ikkita kirish qismidan birida kuchlanish kamaytirilsa 7486 mikrosxemasida yuqori kuchlanish yuzaga keladi. Bordiyu elementlarning ikkala kirishida ham kuchlanish kamaytirilsa unda chiqishda kuchlanish past darajada bo‘ladi.
7486 mikrosxemalarini unumli foylanish mumkin. Misol uchun uni komparatorlarda ishlatganimizda kirishda bir xil signallar berilsa chiqishda past darajadagi kuchlanish o‘rnatiladi, agarda turli xil signallarni berganimizda yuqori darajali kuchlanishni olishimiz mumkin bshladi.
ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementidan mantiqiy komparatorlarda, yig’uvchi qurilmalrda ishlatish mumkin.
7486 mikrosxemasining texnik tavsifi quyidagicha:
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Mantiqiy ko‘paytirish - 1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq

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1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq
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bet | 2/8 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,62 Mb. | | #133603 |
Bog'liq 1-amaliy 2-topshiriqMantiqiy ko‘paytirish amali
bog’lovchisi bilan bog’laydi hamda “A va B”, “A^B”, kabi ko‘rinishlarda yoziladi. Mantiqiy funksiyani yoki mantiqiy funksiyalar majmuasini amalga oshiruvchi mantiqiy elementlardan tashkil topgan sxema kombinatsion sxema (KS) deb ataladi.
Kombinatsion sxemaning quyidagi asosiy xususiyatlarini ko‘rsatish mumkin:
faqat mantiqiy elementlardan tashkil topadi;
xotirlash qobiliyatiga ega emas;
teskari bog„lanish zanjirining bo‘lmasligi;- chiqish yo‘lining bitta va undan ortiq bo‘lishligi.
Raqamli qurilmalarni loyihalashtirishda mantiqiy elementlarning o‘rni juda muhim. Ular boshqaruv tizimini ma’lum ketma-ketlikdagi oddiy mantiqiy amallar(operatsiyalar) ko‘rinishida ifodalash mumkin. Mantiqiy amallarni bajarish uchun mo‘ljallangan elementlarga mantiqiy elementlar deyiladi.
Mantiqiy amallarni bajarishga mo‘ljallangan mantiqiy elementlar turli xildagi elektr sxemalarida har xil texnik vositalar: rele-kontaktli elektrik elementlar,
kontaktsiz elementlar, pnevmatik, gidravlik asboblar va boshqalar ishtirokida tuziladi.
Mantiqiy elementlar boshqaruv ob’ektining xolatini unga kelaetgan signallar ko‘rinishiga qarab, berilgan mantiqiy shartlar asosida diskret (sakrab) o ‘zgartira oladigan moslamalar hisoblanadi. Sistema funksiyasini belgilab beradigan bunday shartlar mantiqiy boshqaruv algoritmi deyiladi. Mantiqiy elementlardan foydalanilgan har qanday holatda ob’ektning holati uning ijrochi organlarini ulash eki o‘chirish yo‘li bilan diskret o‘zgaradi. Ya’ni har qanday mantiqiy element aniq bir mantiqiy amalni bajarish barobarida faqatgina ikkita holatda bo‘lishi mumkin: “nol” - agarda ob’ekt tarmoqqa ulanmagan bo‘lsa (signal yo‘q), “bir”- agar o‘ekt tarmoqqa ulangan bo‘lsa (signal bor).
Demak raqamli qurilmalarda boshqaruv ob’ekti, uning elementlari va signallar diskret, ya’ni aniq bir holatda bo‘ladi. Masalan, lampochka L yoniq yoki o‘ chgan, knopka K bosiq eki bosilmagan, rele R ulangan eki ulanmagan va h.k.
Yuqorida ko‘rsatiganidek, har qanday ob’ekt yoki signalni mantiqiy o‘ zgaruvchilar ifodasida yozish mumkin. Ob’ekt holatiga ko‘ra ular ikkita, ya’ni 0 va 1 qiymatda bo‘ladi. Agar, X mantiqiy o‘zgaruvchi biror bir R relening holatini ifoda etsa, unda
1, rele ulangan ,
X = {
0, rele ulanmagan.
Raqamli qurilmalarda mantiqiy element(signal)larining holati o‘rtasida ma’lum mantiqiy bog’liqliklar mavjud. Bu bog’liqliklarni ifoda etish uchun maxsus simvollar - mantiqiy amal (operatsiya) lardan foydalaniladi.
Matematik jihatdan isbotlanganidek , har qanday, hatto eng murakkab mantiqiy holatlarni ifoda etish uchun to‘rt xil amaldan foydalanish kifoya qiladi. Xuddi shuningdek, mantiqiy amallarni bajara oladigan elementlar yordamida ham inson ishtirokisiz, belgilangan algoritm asosida butun jaraenni boshqaradigan avtomatik moslamalar yaratish mumkin.
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YOKI MANTIQIY - 1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq

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1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq
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bet | 4/8 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,62 Mb. | | #133603 |
Bog'liq 1-amaliy 2-topshiriqYOKI MANTIQIY ELEMENTI
Asosiy mantiqiy amallar qatoriga qo‘shish – YOKI kiradi. Mantiqiy “Qo‘shish” amali (diz’yunksiya), qisqacha “ YOKI ”. Amal simvoli “ V “. YOzilishi: Z = X1 V X2. O‘qilishi: “ Z barobar X1 yoki X2”. Amal natijasi Z 1 ga teng, agarda X1 eki X2 dan birortasi 1 ga teng bo‘lsa.
‘YoKI’ elementi mantiqiy funksiya sifatida Z=X+Y hamda Z=XvY
ko‘rinishlarda tasvirlanadi.
Sxematik belgilanishi Ishlash prinsipi Chinlik jadvali
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“YOKI” amallarini bajarish uchun esa diod va tranzistorlar ishtirokida turli shakldagi mantiqiy sxemalar tuzish kerak bo‘ladi. “YOKI” sxemasi chiqish nuqtasida Z = X1 V X2 signalini ta’minlab beradi. X1 va X2 ning birortasiga +Upit musbat kuchlanish berilganda VT1 yoki VT2 lardan biri ochiladi va chiqish yo‘ nalishiga qarab musbat ishorali kuchlanishni o‘tkaza boshlaydi, shuning uchun Z
= 1. X1 va X2 kirish nuqtalarida musbat kuchlanish bo‘lmaganda VT1 yoki VT2
tranzistorlar yopiq holatda bo‘ladi va chiqish nuqtalariga musbat kuchlanish etib bormaydi va Z ning qiymati 0 ga teng bo‘ladi, Z = 0 .
Raqamli qurilmalarni yaratishda bir nechta kirish nuqtalariga ega bo‘lgan “VA”, “YOKI” mantiqiy elementlaridan, yoki bir vaqtda turli xil mantiqiy amallarni bajaradigan “YOKI - EMAS”, “VA - EMAS”, triggerlar va boshqalardan ko‘p foydalaniladi. Ular asosida 2.1- jadvalda berilgan har xil mantiqiy elementlarni tuzish mumkin.
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Electronics Workbench amaliy dasturiy paketida HAM mantiqiy elementini ishlash prinsipini o‘rganish

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Electronics Workbench amaliy dasturiy paketida HAM mantiqiy elementini ishlash prinsipini o‘rganish
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bet | 8/8 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,62 Mb. | | #133603 |
Bog'liq 1-amaliy 2-topshiriq Electronics Workbench amaliy dasturiy paketida HAM mantiqiy elementini ishlash prinsipini o‘rganish
Electronics Workbench dasturida “HAM” mantiqiy elementini yig’ish uchun
EWB dasturini ishga tushiramiz.
Electronics Workbench dasturida “HAM-EMAS” mantiqiy elementini yig’ish uchun EWB dasturini ishga tushiramiz.
Electronics Workbench dasturida “ISTISNO-YOKI” mantiqiy elementini yig’ish uchun EWB dasturini ishga tushiramiz.
Mustaqil topshiriqlar
Yuqoridagi HAM, YOKI mantiqiy elementlarini shartli grafik belgilanishidan foydalanib Electronics Workbench dasturida sxemasini yarating.
A=1 va B=1 holat uchun
A=1 va B=0 holat uchun
A=0 va B=1 holat uchun
A=0 va B=0 holat uchun
Yuqoridagi HAM-EMAS va HAM-EMAS mantiqiy elementlarini shartli grafik belgilanishidan foydalanib Electronics Workbench dasturida sxemasini yarating.
A=1 va B=1 holat uchun
A=1 va B=0 holat uchun
A=0 va B=1 holat uchun
A=0 va B=0 holat uchun
Yuqoridagi ISTISNO-YOKI mantiqiy elementlarini shartli grafik belgilanishidan foydalanib Electronics Workbench dasturida sxemasini yarating.
A=1 va B=1 holat uchun
A=1 va B=0 holat uchun
A=0 va B=1 holat uchun
A=0 va B=0 holat uchun
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Mantiqiy elementlar - 1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq

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1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq
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bet | 5/8 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 1,62 Mb. | | #133603 |
Bog'liq 1-amaliy 2-topshiriqMantiqiy elementlar 1. Jadval
Nomlanishi
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Shartli belgilanishi
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Bajaradigan
vazifa(funksiya)si
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YO‘Q
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Х
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VA
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Z = X1 ^ X2 ^ X3
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YOKI
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Z = X1 v X2 v X3
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VA – YO‘Q
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Z = X1 ^ X2 ^ X3
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YOKI– YO‘Q
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Z = X1 v X2 v X3
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RS tipidagi Trigger
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(S=1)→(Z=1),
(R=1)→(Z=0),
(S=0, R=0) – holati saqlanadi,
(S=1, R=1) – holati mavhum.
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“YOKI” mantiqiy amalini bajarish.
Mazkur amal elementning chiqish nuqtasida 1 signali yuzaga kelishi uchun, kirish nuqtalarining birortasida 1 signali mavjud bo‘lishi kifoya, degan ma’noni anglatadi. Kontaktli ko‘rinishda bunday holat bir nechta relelarning ulovchi K1,
K2, KZ kontaktlarining parallel ulanganligiga mos keladi, ya’ni ko‘rstilgan K1, K2, KZ kontaktlardan birortasi ulanib qolsa (kirish signali 1 ga teng bo‘lsa) rele R ishga tushib ketadi. (chiqishda ham signal 1 ga teng bo‘ladi).
Yuqorida ko‘rsatilgan qoidalarni boshqa tipdagi qurilmalarda qo‘llash, ularni avtomatik boshqarish tizimi tenglamalariga mos tarzda ulash orqali amalga oshirish va elektr sxemalarini tuzish yo‘li bilan bajariladi.
Turli amallarni bajaradigan elementtlar IMSlar ko‘rinishida ko‘plab ishlab chiqariladi. Mantiqiy IMSlar seriyalarga birlashadilar. Har bir seriya asosida ma’lum bir mantiqiy amalni bajaruvchi elektr sxemadan tashkil topgan negiz element yotadi, masalan HAM-EMAS mantiqiy amali (Sheffer elementi) yoki YOKI-EMAS mantiqiy amali (Pirs elementi). Raqamli integral mikrosxemalar yaratishda turli murakkab mantiqiy amallarni bajaradigan sxemalarni yasashda faqat bitta HAM-EMAS, yoki YOKI-EMAS mantiqiy elementidan foydalanish talab qilinishi bilan ham ajralib turadi.
HAM-EMAS mantiqiy amali Sheffer elementi asosida mantiqiy amallarni bajaradi. HAM-EMAS mantiqiy amalining chinlik jadvalining ko‘rinishi quyidagicha:
SHeffer elementiga asosan ikkita o‘zgaruvchining konyuksiyasining inkori sifatida hisoblanadi. X1/X2= Х1 • Х2 - ko‘rinishida yoziladi
Berilgan mulohazalar yordamida quyidagi sxematik bog’lanishlarga ega bo‘
lamiz.
HAM-EMAS mantiqiy amali yordamida yaratilgan 7400 raqamli integral mikrosxemasi yaratilgan. Ushbu IMS 60-70 yilllarda minikompyuter va minefreymlarda ishlatilgan.
YOKI-EMAS mantiqiy amali
YOKI-EMAS mantiqiy amali “YOKI” elemnti va bitta inkor invertori dan tashkil topgan. Kiruvchi x va y signallaridan xosil bo‘lgan chiqish signalini
quyidagi ko‘rinishda yozish mumkin: . Bu erda amali x va y o‘ zgaruvchilarning mantqiy qo‘shishdagi inkor amalidir. YOKI-Emas mantiqiy amalining sxematik ko‘rinishi quyidagicha tasvirlanadi:
YOKI-Emas mantiqiy amalining chinlik jadvali.
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HAM MANTIQIY - 1-amaliy ish 2-topshiriq

ladi. Bu qoida funksiyalarga ham talluqli. Har bir Y mantiqiy funksiyasi Y
mantiqiy funksiyasi inversiyasiga mos keladi.
Mantiqiy algebraning asosiy operatsiyalari quyidagilar hisoblanadi:
Mantiqiy rad etish (inversiya) Y= Х ; (a)
Mantiqiy qo‘shish (diz’yunksiya) Y=X1+X2; (b)
Mantiqiy ko‘paytirish (kon’yuksiya) Y=X1∙X2; (v)
Mantiqiy funksiyani haqiqiylik jadval ko‘rinishida to‘la va ko‘rgazmali taqdim etiladi, unda kirish mantiqiy o‘zgaruvchilarning har bir mumkin bo‘lgan kombinatsiyasiga funkitsiyaning ko‘rsatkichi
mos keladi, haqiqiylik jadval raqamli sxemalarning algoritm ishi orqali aniqlanadi.
Mantiqiy qo‘shish operatsiyasi uchun haqiiqylik jadvali (
b) va bu operatsiyani amalga oshiruvchi elektr sxema 7.11.v,g-rasmlarda keltirilgan. Analitik operatsiya yozuvida “+” belgi mantiqiy ko‘rinishida YOKI ni ifodalaydi. (
b) shunday o‘ qiladi: agarda
X1 yoki
X2 yoki bu ikkala o‘zgaruvchilar bir vaqtda mantiqiy 1 ko ‘rsatkichiga ega bo‘lsalar,
Y funksiya ham mantiqiy 1 ko‘rsatkichiga ega bo ‘ladi. Bunday mantiqiy talqinning elektr sxemasi
X1 va
X2 parallel
kontaktlar orqali ifodalanib, ular orqali kirish kuchlanishi chiqishga uzatiladi. Sxemada
X1 kontakti yoki
X2 kontakti yoki ikkala kontakt ulansa sxemaning chiqishida katta qiymatli kuchlanish (mantiqiy 1) xosil bo‘ladi.
Agar ikkala X1X2 kontaktlar uzilsa chiqishda kuchlanish qiymati nol (mantiqiy 0) ni beradi.
B4.1.5 Display Adapters/Chipsets - FAQs

B4.1.5 Display Adapters/Chipsets - FAQs B4.1.5.1 Current Display FAQs
See http://www.microsoft.com/winlogo/hardware/display/.
B4.1.5.2 DDC/EDID Standards [Clarification]
[GRPH-0179]
The required support defined in Version 3.0 of the DDC and Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) standards is also defined in the earlier version and revisions of these standards. As such, the Version 3.0 standards provide the correct references for Windows XP/Windows 2000 and Windows 98/Me.
FAQ Date: October 7, 1998
B4.1.5.3 Mobile PC system supports minimum +5V power requirements [Clarification]
[GRPH-0393.6]
Mobile PC Note: Mobile systems do not have to supply +5V to the VGA connector at any time. The DVI connector must supply +5V only during boot, when the user first enables external video, and when the system is actually outputting analog or digital video through the DVI connector.
Some display devices rely on the +5V to power their DDC circuitry, for Plug and Play detection, or both. It is recommended that a mobile PC provide a means to enable the +5V power when necessary.
FAQ Date: March 19, 1999
B4.1.5.4 Shrink and zoom requirements [Revision]
[GRPH-0207.4]
TV and DVD playback requirements are defined in B4.1.4.11.
B4.1.5.5 Color/color range requirements [Revision]
[GRPH-0395]
TV and DVD playback requirements are defined in B4.1.4.11.
B4.1.5.6 Source alpha blending requirement [Revision]
[GRPH-0185]
3-D graphics requirements are defined in B4.1.4.8.
B4.1.5.7 Integrated devices must support multiple monitors [Clarification]
PC 2001 System Design guidelines GRPH-0199 and GRPH-0202 state that when an add-on card is installed in the AGP slot, integrated devices must support multiple monitors. This is not a requirement of the Windows Logo Program for hardware.
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I don’t understand how they can get away with calling them chicken flavour

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Talk to new kitchen assistants
Good morning everyone. My name’s Joy Parkins and I’m the restaurant manager. And I understand
that none of you’ve had any previous experience as kitchen assistants? Well, you might be feeling a bit
nervous now, but most of our kitchen assistants say they enjoy the work. OK, they might get shouted at
sometimes, but it’s nothing personal, and
they’re pleased that they have so many different things to
do, which means they never get bored
Q11
. And I’ll tell you straightaway that if you do well, we might
think about moving you up and giving you some more responsibility.
Right, well, you’ve all shown up on time, which is an excellent start. Now I’m glad to see none of you have
unsuitable footwear, so that’s good – you need to be careful as the floors can get very wet and slippery.
Those of you with long hair have got it well out of the way,
but not now because the bus companies concentrate on just the

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but not now because the bus companies concentrate on just the Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 142/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425but not now because the bus companies concentrate on just the
routes that attract most passengers. So parts of the town are no longer served by buses
Q11
. Even
replacing old uncomfortable buses with smart new ones has had little impact on passenger numbers. It’s
sometimes said that bus fares are too high, but in relation to average incomes, fares are not much higher
than they were 50 years ago.
Changes in the road network are affecting the town. The centre was recently closed to traffic on a trial
basis, making it much safer to pedestrians. The impact of this is being measured.
The new cycle paths
separating bikes from cars in most main roads, are being used far more than was expected reducing
traffic and improving air quality
Q12
. And although the council’s attempts to have a bypass constructed
have failed, we haven’t given up hope of persuading the government to change its mind.
Shopping in the town centre has changed over the years. Many of us can remember when the town
was crowded with people going shopping. Numbers have been falling for several years, despite efforts
to attract shoppers, for instance by opening new car parks. some people combine shopping with visits
to the town’s restaurants and cafés. Most shops are small independent stores, which is good, but
many
people prefer to use supermarkets and department stores in nearby large towns, as there are so
few well-known chain stores here.
Q13
Turning how to medical facilities, the town is served by family doctors in several medical practices – fewer
than 50 years ago, but each catering for far more patients.
Our hospital closed 15 years ago
Q14
,
which means journeys to other towns are unavoidable. On the other hand, there are more dentists than
there used to be. Employment patterns have changed, along with almost everything else.
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Maybe we should concentrate on this country, and try relate the changes in libraries

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Maybe we should concentrate on this country, and try relate the changes in libraries Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 132/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425Maybe we should concentrate on this country, and try relate the changes in libraries
to external developments, like the fact that far more people can read than a century
ago, and that the local population may speak lots of different languages.
Q21
STEWART: We could include something about changes in the source of funding, too.
TRUDIE:
Yes, but remember we’re only supposed to write a short paper, so it’s probably best if we
don’t go into funding in any detail.
STEWART: Right. Well, shall we just brainstorm a few ideas, to get started?
TRUDIE:
OK. We obviously need to look at the impact of new technology, particularly the internet. Now
that lots of books have been digitalised, people can access them from their own computers
at home.
STEWART: And if everyone did that, libraries would be obsolete.
TRUDIE: Yes.
STEWART:
But the digitalised books that are available online for free are mostly out of copyright,
aren’t they? And copyright in this country lasts for 70 years after the author dies. So
you won’t find the latest best-seller or up-to-date information.
Q22
TRUDIE:
That’s an important point. Anyway, I find it hard to concentrate when I’m reading a long text
on a green. I’d much rather read a physical book. And it takes longer to read on a screen.
STEWART: Oh, I prefer it. I suppose it’s just a personal preference.
TRUDIE:
Mm. I expect that libraries will go on evolving in the next few years. Some have already
become centres where community activities take place, like local clubs meeting there. I
think that’ll become even more common.
STEWART: I’d like to think so, and that they’ll still be serving their traditional function, but I’m not so
sure. There are financial implications, after all.
What I’m afraid will happen is that books
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The Horton Castle site - Customer satisfaction survey

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Customer satisfaction survey Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 136/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425The Horton Castle site
NATALIE:
So basically, the problem we’re addressing in our case study of the Horton Castle site is why
so few tourists are visiting it. And we’ll find out more from our interviews, but I did find one
report on the internet that suggested that one reason might be because as far as transport
goes, access is difficult.
DAVE:
I read that too, but that report was actually written ten years ago, when the road there was
really bad, but that’s been improved now. And
I think there’s plenty of fascinating stuff
there for a really good day out, but you’d never realise it from the castle website –
maybe that’s the problem.
Q27
NATALIE:
Yes, it’s really dry and boring.
DAVE:
I read somewhere a suggestion that what the castle needs is a visitor centre. So we could
have a look for some information about that on the internet. What would we need to know?
NATALIE:
Well, who’d use it for a start. It’s be good to know what categories the visitors fell into too, like
school parties or retired people, but I think we’d have to talk to staff to get that information.
DAVE:
OK. And as we’re thinking of suggesting a visitor centre we’d also have to look at potential
problems. I mean, obviously it wouldn’t be cheap to set up.
NATALIE:
No, but it could be a really good investment.
And as it’s on a historical site it’d need to
get special planning permission, I expect. That might be hard.
Q28
DAVE:
Right, especially as the only possible place for it would be at the entrance, and that’s right
in front of the castle.
NATALIE: Mmm.
DAVE:
But it could be a good thing for the town of Horton. At present it’s a bit of a ghost town.
Once
they’ve left school and got any skills or qualifications, the young people all get out
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I’m interested in - Customer satisfaction survey

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Customer satisfaction survey Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 135/209 | Sana | 22.11.2023 | Hajmi | 1,11 Mb. | | #103463 |
Bog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425I’m interested in
journalism, and I quite like the idea of moving to Scandinavia and writing for magazines
Q22
. I’d find that more creative than translating, which I suppose most graduates do.
BETH:
OK. Now how are you finding the courses you’re taking this term, James?
JAMES:
Well, I’m really enjoying the one on Swedish cinema.
BETH:
That’ll continue next term, but the one on Scandinavian literature that’s running at
the moment will be replaced by more specialised courses
Q23
. Oh, and by the way, if
you’re interested in watching Danish television programmes – there’s going to be a course
on that the term after next.
JAMES:
That sounds good.
BETH:
Have you started thinking about the literature paper that you have to write in the next few
weeks?
JAMES:
Yes, my first choice would be to do something on the Icelandic sagas.
BETH:
Hmm. The trouble with that is that a lot of people choose that topic, and it can be difficult
to get hold of the books you’ll need. Why not leave that for another time?
JAMES: Right.
BETH:
You might find modern novels or 19th century playwrights interesting.
Q24
JAMES:
I’ve read or seen several plays in translation, so that would be a good idea.
BETH:
Fine. I’ll put you down for that topic.
JAMES:
Right. So what would you advise me to aim at in the paper?
BETH:
First I suggest you avoid taking one writer and going into a great deal of detail. That approach
certainly has its place, but
I think you first need to get an understanding of the literature
in the context of the society in which it was produced – who it was written for, how
it was published, and so on
Q25
. I also think that’s more fruitful than placing it within the
history of the genre.
JAMES:
OK, that sounds reasonable.
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B4.2.3 Monitors - Quality

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B4.2.3 Monitors - Quality
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B4.2.3 Monitors - Quality
WHQL Test Specification References:
Chapter 1: Introduction to HCT Test Specifications
B4.2.3.1 Pass WHQL tests
See B1.3.
Windows XP: See “Monitors” in the HCT documentation.
B4.2.4 Monitors - Windows Experience
Design Guideline References:
PC 2001 System Design Guide, Chapter 10, "Monitors"
B4.2.4.1 Color monitor is DDC2B-compliant and supports EDID 1.3 data structure
[MON-0232, 0233; see also see FAQs B4.2.5.2 and B4.2.5.4]
B4.2.4.2 Monitor associates an ICC profile
[MON-0235]
The Windows operating system will support devices that create standard RGB (sRGB) output by default. Devices with an output other than sRGB must install (via a monitor INF) an ICC profile appropriate to the preferred display resolution (as identified in the EDID data) at 32 bpp. For an LCD or other non-CRT display device, the profile should be based on the native display mode (resolution and color depth) for which the display is designed.
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B8.1.2 Printers - Industry Standards

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B8.1.2 Printers - Industry Standards
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B8.1.2.1 Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Printing Devices, V. 1.0 or later
[PRNT-0294; SDG3:73]
http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass.html
[PRNT-0294]
For IEEE 1284 or serial port. See Legacy Plug and Play Guidelines.
B8.1.2.3 ICC Profile Format Specification, Spec ICC.1:1988-09 and Addendum 2, ICC.1A:1999-04
[PRNT-0300]
http://www.color.org/profiles.html
B8.1.2.4 Windows Color Quality Specifications for Printer OEMs
[PRNT-0301]
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/color/
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B7.5.5 ATM Device - FAQs 
See B7.1.5.
B7.5.R ATM Device - Future Requirements

|
B7.5.5 ATM Device - FAQs
See B7.1.5.
B7.5.R ATM Device - Future Requirements
|
bet | 180/250 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 1,03 Mb. | | #428 |
See B7.1.5.
See B7.1.R.
All general requirements in B1.0 are included by reference.
All bus-specific requirements in B2.0 are included by reference.
B8.1.1.1 Windows XP/Windows 2000: "Printer Drivers and Spooler Components" in the Windows DDK B8.1.1.3 ICM APIs and functionality for Windows 98/Me and Windows XP/Windows 2000
Microsoft Platform SDK and "Color Management for Displays" in the Windows DDK.
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/print/
B8.1.1.5 Windows XP/Windows 2000: IEEE 1394 printing devices using SBP-2 protocol conform to guidelines in "SBP-2 Support and Windows 2000"
[1394-0094]
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/print/sbp2_w2000.htmSee also “Identifiers for 1394 Devices” in the Windows DDK.
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Uslub: Ma'ruza va amaliyotning uyg'unligi. 

Shakl

Uslub: Ma'ruza va amaliyotning uyg'unligi.
Shakl: Savol-javob. Jamoa va kichik guruhlarda ishlash.
Vosita: Elektron resurslar, darslik, plakatlar, tarqatma materiallar.
Usui: Tayyor prezentatsiya materiallari asosida.
Nazorat: Og'zaki, savol-javob, muhokama, kuzatish.
Baholash: Rag'batlantirish, 5 ballik reyting tizimi asosida.
Kutiladigan natijalar
|
O'quvchilarning kompyuter imkoniyatlari to'g'risidagi bilim va ko'nikmalari rivojlanadi. Ularda Paskal das- turlash tilida parametrli takrorlash operatoridan foydalanish malakasi shakllanadi.
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Kelgusi rejalar (tahlil, o'zgarishlar)
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O'qituvchi o'z faoliyatining tahlili asosida yoki ham- kasblarining dars tahlili asosida keyingi darslariga o'zgartirishlar kiritadi va rejalashtiradi.
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Darsning borishi va vaqt taqsimoti
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Dars bosqichlari
|
Vaqt
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1
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Tashkiliy qism
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3 daqiqa
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2
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O'tilganlarni takrorlash
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7 daqiqa
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3
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Yangi mavzu ustida ishlash
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14 daqiqa
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4
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Yangi mavzuni mustahkamlash
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13 daqiqa
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5
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Uyga vazifa
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3 daqiqa
|
O’tilgan mavzuni takrorlash.
1. Takrorlanuvchi algoritmlarga misollar keltiring.
2. Parametrli takrorlash operatorining ko'rinishi qanday bo'ladi?
3.Takrorlash parametri qanday qiymatlarni qabul qiladi?
4.Parametrli takrorlash operatorining boshlang'ich va oxirgi qiymatlarini izohlang.
5.Takrorlash parametrining qiymatlari chegaralanganmi?
6.Takrorlash operatorining ishlashini tushuntiring.
7.Qanday vaziyatda To o'rniga Downto xizmatchi so'zi qo'llaniladi?
|
and magazines will all disappear, and there’ll just be rows and rows of computers

TEST
Paper on Public Libraries
Right. I’ve now almost succeeded in finalising plans for our tour, so I’ll bring you up to date with what I know.
As you know, we’re flying first to Munich, on Monday the 4th.
The flight is at 11.30, so it’s too early to have lunch at the airport.
I suggest we meet there for coffee at
10
Q11
, which should give us plenty of time for breakfast before we leave home.
When we arrive in Munich, we’ll be met at the airport by Claus Bauer. Claus works for a tour operator
Q12
, and he’ll look after us for the time we’ll be in Germany. He’s already liaised with the managers of
the theatres we’re going to visit, and he’s also arranged for an officer of the National Theatre in Munich
to show us round the theatre one afternoon during our stay.
Now last time we discussed this trip, I didn’t have the precise cost for hotel rooms, but now I have.
The
normal rate at the hotel where we’re staying is 150 euros a night for a double room. I’d hoped
to get that down to 120 euros, but in fact I’ve been able to negotiate a rate of 110
Q13
. That’ll be
reflected in the final payment which you’ll need to make by the end of this week.
On Tuesday, the day after our arrival, I had hoped we could sit in on a rehearsal at one of the theatres,
but unfortunately that’s proved very difficult to arrange, so instead we’ll have a coach trip to one of the
amazing castles in the mountains south of Munich.
On Tuesday evening, we’ll all have dinner together in a restaurant near our hotel. From talking to you all
about your preferences, it was clear that a typical local restaurant would be too meat-oriented for some
of you.
as fast as they can to get jobs in the city, and the only people left are children and

TEST
Visiting the Sheepmarket area
Welcome to this podcast about the Sheepmarket, which is one of the oldest parts of the city. As its
name
suggests, there was originally a market here where farmers brought their sheep, but now it’s been
redeveloped into a buzzing,
vibrant area of the city, which is also home to one of the city’s fastest-growing
communities. The nearby university has always meant the area’s popular with students, who come in
to
enjoy the lively nightlife, but
now graduates embarking on careers in the worlds of fashion and
design are buying up the new apartments recently built here to replace the small houses where
the market workers used to live.
Q11
The narrow old side streets are great places for finding original pictures, jewellery and ceramics
Q12
which won’t
break the bank, as well as local produce like fruit and vegetables. There’s also lots of
pavement cafes where you can have a coffee and watch tourists from all over the world go by. The oldest
buildings in the
area are on the main streets, including the city’s first department store, built in the 1880s,
which is still open today.
The Sheepmarket is a centre for fashion, and there’s a policy of encouraging new young designers. The
Young Fashion competition is open to local young people who are passionate about fashion.
B7.3.5 DSL Device - FAQs - Microsoft Windows Logo Program System and Device Requirements

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Microsoft Windows Logo Program System and Device Requirements
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B7.3.5.1 SEE B7.1.5 B7.3.5.2 ATM/ADSL simultaneous connections
[NET-0266; SDG3:112]
Updated requirements are defined in B7.3.4.1.
See B7.1.R.
B7.4 ISDN Net Device
All general requirements in B1.0 are included by reference.
All bus-specific requirements in B2.0 are included by reference.
All general network device requirements in B7.1 are included by reference, except for requirements specific to connection-less or LAN devices.
B7.4.1 ISDN Net Device - Windows Compatibility
See B7.1.1.
See B7.1.2.
B7.4.3 ISDN Net Device - Quality
See B7.1.3.
Windows XP: See “WAN ISDN Network Devices” in HCT documentation.
B7.4.4.1 Performance meets minimal expectations on high-end broadband network devices
[NET-0258; SDG3:134]
B7.4.4.3 Device supports synchronous high-level data link control framing
[NET-0259; SDG3:135]
B7.4.4.4 NDIS interface and driver support raw, unframed synchronous B channel I/O
[NET-0260; SDG3:136]
B7.4.4.5 Driver supports unattended installation, with limitations
[NET-0261; SDG3:137]
B7.4.4.6 Device includes software-selectable terminating resistors
[NET-0262; SDG3:139]
B7.4.4.7 ISDN modem supports asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion and RFC 1662
[MOD-0385; SDG3:131]
[MOD-0384; SDG3:129]
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Irodaning nerv-fiziologik asoslari

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Irodaning nerv-fiziologik asoslari
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bet | 244/314 | Sana | 15.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,55 Mb. | | #138209 |
Bog'liq O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta\'lim Irodaning nerv-fiziologik asoslari
Irodaviy ya'ni ixtiyoriy harakatlarning nerv - fiziologik asosida bosh miya katta yarim sharlari po’stlog’ining shartli reflekslar hosil qilishdan iborat bo’lgan murakkab faoliyati yotadi. Irodaviy harakatlar har doim to’la ongli harakatlar bo’lgani uchun bosh miya po’stlog’ida yuzaga keladigan optimal qo’zg’alish manbalari bilan ham bog’liq bo’ladi. Bu haqda akademik I.P.Pavlov shunday deb yozgan edi: "Mening tasavvurimcha, ong ayni shu chog’da xuddi shu sharoitning o’zida ma'lum darajada optimal (har holda o’rtacha bo’lsa kerak) qo’zg’alishga ega bo’lgan bosh miya katta yarim sharlarining ayrim joylaridagi nerv faoliyatidan iborat".
Bundan tashqari irodaviy harakatlar ongli harakatlar sifatida ikkinchi signallar tizimining faoliyati bilan bog’liqdir. Ma'lumki, odam ayrim nojo’ya harakatlardan o’zini so’zlari orqali (ya'ni o’ziga-o’zi pand- nasihatlar qilish yoki tarbiya berish orqali ) ushlab qoladi. Shuning uchun irodaviy, ixtiyoriy harakatlarni amalga oshirishda ikkinchi signallar tizimining roli juda kattadir. Ana shu sababdan bo’lsa kerak akademik I.P.Pavlov ikkinchi signallar tizimiga baho berib, bu signallar tizimi insonlar xulq-atvori va ixtiyoriy harakatlarining yuksak boshqaruvchisidir" - degan edi. Shuni ham aytish kerakki, iroda ikkinchi signallar tizimi birinchi signallar tizimiga asoslangan holda ishlaydi. Agar ikkinchi signallar tizimi o’z faoliyatida birinchi signallar tizimiga asoslanmasa, odamning aks ettirish jarayoni ma'lum bir tizimli, ma'noli bo’lmaydi. Ikkinchi signallar tizimi birinchi signallar tizimiga asoslanishi bilan birga uning faoliyatini boshqarib, nazorat qilib turadi. Demak, irodaviy, ixtiyoriy harakatlarda ikkinchi signallar tizimi bilan birga birinchi signallar tizimi ham ishtirok etadi.
Irodaviy ixtiyoriy harakatlarni amalga oshirishda nerv tizimining umumiy normal holati ham juda katta ahamiyatga egadir. Masalan, uzoq davom etadigan qattiq kasallikdan so’ng nerv tizimi nihoyatda madorsizlanib, odamning irodasi bo’shashib ketadi. Odam biror ishdan qattiq charchagan paytda ham nerv tizimi zaiflashib, irodasi bo’shashib ketadi. Ana shuning uchun irodaning mustahkamligini ta'minlash maqsadida odam vaqti - vaqti bilan dam olib turishi kerak.
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Irodaviy harakatlar - O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim

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O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim
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Bog'liq O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta\'limIrodaviy harakatlar bosqichlari
-
Maqsad va unga erishishiga intilish
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Maqsadga erishish imkoniyatlarini topish
|
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Motivlarni paydo bo'lishi va imkoniyatlarni mustahkamlash.
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Motivlar kurashi va tanlash.
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Biror fikrni qabul qilish
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Qabul qilingan qarorni amalga oshirish
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Irodaviy harakatlarda har doim maqsad aniq bo’ladi. Odam o’z oldiga qo’ygan maqsadidan kelib chiqadigan natijalarni ham oldindan tasavvur eta oladi. Ana shuning uchun har qanday qiyinchiliklarni yengib bo’lsa ham maqsadini amalga oshirishga intila boradi. Masalan, odam biror imorat solayotgan paytda oxirgi natija qanday bo’lib chiqishini juda yaxshi tasavvur etadi va shuning uchun qanday qiyinchiliklar bo’lsa ham yengib ishni davom ettira beradi. Yoki talaba universitetning birinchi kursiga kirganda qanday mutaxassis bo’lib chiqishini yaxshi biladi va shuning uchun barcha qiyinchiliklarga chidab o’qishni davom ettira beradi.
Umumiy irodaviy faoliyatni yoki alohida aktni amalga oshirishning muhim xususiyatlaridan biri amalga oshirilayotgan harakatlarning erkin ekanligini anglashdan iboratdir.
Odamning irodaviy harakati to’la-to’kis determinizmga, ya'ni sababiy bog’lanish qonuniga bo’ysunadi. Shu bilan birga irodaviy faoliyatning bevosita sabablari sharoitida irodaviy harakatlarni belgilab beradigan turli-tuman hayotiy sharoitlar bo’lishi mumkin.
Odamning irodaviy faoliyati ob'ektiv jihatdan bog’langandir. Irodaviy faoliyatning muhim xususiyatlaridan biri, irodaviy harakatlarni odam hamma vaqt shaxs sifatida amalga oshiradi. Xuddi mana shuning bilan bog’liq ravishda irodaviy xarakatlar odam to’la ravishda javob beradigan ish sifatida boshdan kechiriladi. Irodaviy faoliyat tufayli shaxs ko’p jihatdan o’zini ma'lum sharoitda anglaydi, o’z hayot yo’li va taqdirini o’zi belgilashi mumkin.
Irodaning eng muhim xususiyati unda faoliyatni amalga oshirishning puxta o’ylab chiqilgan rejaning mavjudligidir. Avvaldan rejalashtirilmagan xatti- harakatlarni irodaviy harakat deb bo’lmaydi. Shu bilan birga iroda avvaldan mavjud bo’lmagan, lekin faoliyatni natijasiga erishishdan so’ng hosil bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan qoniqishga butun e'tiborini qaratishdan iboratdir.
Ko’p hollarda iroda vaziyat yoki qiyinchilik ustidan g’alaba qozonish emas, balki o’z-o’zini engish hamdir. Bu ayniqsa, muvozanatsiz, hissiy, qo’zg’aluvchan, sust kishilarga xos bo’lib, o’zlarining tabiiy xarakterologik xususiyatlari bilan kurashishga to’g’ri keladi.
Hech bir muammo irodaning ishtirokisiz hal etilmaydi. Inson kuchli irodasiz katta muvaffaqiyatga erisha olmaydi. Odamzod boshqa tirik mavjudotlardan o’zining ongi va aqli bilangina emas, balki irodasining mavjudligi bilan ham ajralib turadi.
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B4.1.R Display Adapters/Chipsets - Future Requirements

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B4.1.R Display Adapters/Chipsets - Future Requirements
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Announcement of additional future requirements will be published at http://www.microsoft.com/winlogo/hardware/display/.
All general requirements in B1.0 are included by reference.
All bus-specific requirements in B2.0 are included by reference.
B4.2.1.1 Windows XP/Windows 2000—monitor INF: "Creating and INF File" in the Windows DDK
See also the “Monitor” sample application in the Windows DDK for information about USB monitor control using Hid.dll.
B4.2.1.2 Windows 98/Me—monitor INF: "Sample Display INF File" of "Windows 95 Documentation Programmers Guide" in the Windows Me DDK B4.2.1.3 Image Color Management (ICM) APIs and functionality as defined in the Microsoft Platform SDK and "Color Management for Displays" in the Windows DDK
[MON-0235]
B4.2.1.4 Windows compatibility and implementation notes (general)
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/video/
Mobile PC Note: http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/video/mobiledisplay.htm
Windows XP/Windows 2000: “Control Panel Requirements” Windows DDK.
Windows 98/Me: “Custom Refresh Rates” and “Using Control Panel Extensions” in the Windows Me DDK; see also http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/devdes/displaycpl.htm.
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B7.4.5 ISDN Net Device - FAQs 
See B7.1.5.
B7.4.R ISDN Net Device - Future Requirements

|
B7.4.5 ISDN Net Device - FAQs
See B7.1.5.
B7.4.R ISDN Net Device - Future Requirements
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See B7.1.5.
B7.4.R ISDN Net Device - Future Requirements
See B7.1.R.
All general requirements in B1.0 are included by reference.
All bus-specific requirements in B2.0 are included by reference.
All general network device requirements in B7.1 are included by reference, except for requirements specific to connection-less or LAN devices.
See B7.1.1.
B7.5.2 ATM Device - Industry Standards
See B7.1.2.
B7.5.3.1 SEE B7.1.3 B7.5.3.2 Pass WHQL tests
Windows XP: See “ATM Devices” in HCT documentation.
B7.5.4.1 DELETED
See B7.5.4.2, B7.5.4.3.
B7.5.4.2 ATM adapter can schedule calls on an unspecified bit rate (UBR) virtual circuit at a peak rate less than the line or link rate
[NET-0270; SDG3:117]
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Adapter that supports call responds to F4 and F5 calls. [NET-0272; SDG3:119]
B7.5.4.3 ATM/DSL simultaneous connections require support for 32 or more connections
[NET-0266; SDG3:112]
[NET-0266-0272; SDG3:114-120]
-
UBR service type. [NET-0267; SDG3:114]
-
Minimum number of simultaneously active VBR or CBR connections. [NET-0268; SDG3:115]
-
Traffic shaping. [NET-0269; SDG3:116]
-
Enforces PCR on UBR virtual circuits. [NET-0270; SDG3:117]
-
Dynamic link speed configuration. [NET-0271; SDG3:118]
-
OAM. [NET-0272; SDG3:119]
-
Buffer chaining (Tx + Rx). [SDG3:120]
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B4.2.R Monitors - Future Requirements

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B4.2.R Monitors - Future Requirements
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B4.2.R Monitors - Future Requirements
Announcement of additional future requirements will be published at http://www.microsoft.com/winlogo/hardware/display/
B4.2.R.1 Cathode Ray Tube complies with Windows Color Quality Specifications
Color matching capabilities supported in a color cathode ray tube must comply with the requirements defined in Section 4 of "Windows Color Quality Specifications for Cathode Ray Tube OEMs," available at http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/color/ In particular, the following color tolerances must be met.
-
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10-mavzu: Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari. Jarayon o`zgaruvchisining aproksimatsiyasi. Reja

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10-mavzu: Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari. Jarayon o`zgaruvchisining aproksimatsiyasi. Reja
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Bog'liq 10-mavzu Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari. Jarayo-fayllar.org
| xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
10-mavzu: Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari. Jarayon o`zgaruvchisining aproksimatsiyasi. Reja
10-mavzu: Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari. Jarayon o`zgaruvchisining aproksimatsiyasi.
Reja:
1. Kiritish/chiqarish funksiyalari. Boshqarish funksiyalari.
2. Yuqori va quyi daraja analog kirish tochkalari.
Kiritish-chiqarishni tashkil etish Kiritish-chiqarishning barcha muhim qurilmalari standart tutashuv orqali yoki bevosita prosessorga interfeys kartalar orqali, yoxud tizim tarkibiga kiruvchi va prosessorga kominlash uchun molib, u quyidagilarni kozining barcha 16 xonasini (razryadini) paralel uzatish;
kiritish-chiqarish operasiyalarini bajarishning boshida va oxirida tashqi qurilmalar bilan axborot almashishning reglamentlanmagan tartibi va nazorat funksiyalarini ixtiyoriy bajarish tashqi qurilmalarga yuklatiladi.
Shuni tatish kerakki, kiritish-chiqarishni tashkil etishning taxminan shunday tartibi EHM YAS (yagona seriyasi) vositalari kompleksi uchun ham qabul qilingan. U kiritish-chiqarish ishlarining bir qismini bajarishni prosessorga yuklab, almashtirish ishini bir xillashtirishga imkon beradi. U bu holda turli xildagi tashqi qurilmalarning ish xususiyatidan ancha kamroq darajada bogladi. Bu tizimning chetki qismining nomenklaturasini oshirish va olib, ulardan biri prosessor javonida, ikkinchisi - kiritish-chiqarish kengaytirgichi va tutashuv tarmoqlagichi tuzilishlarida yoki xotiraga bevosita kirish kanalida joylashtirilgan. Bu shtepsel rozetkalariga aniq tashqi qurilmani boshqarish sxemasiga butunicha yoki sxemaning bir qismiga ega bolchami 235x140 mm bornatiladi (quyiladi). Prosessor 2K tutashuvga 8 ta chiqishga ega, yazining tashqi qurilmalariga ulanmasdan, balki ASVT-D (diskret komponentlardagi) vositalar kompleksiga kiruvchi boshqa istalgan qurilmaga ulanishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, M-6000 ga EHM YAS i vositalari kompleksidan istagan tashqi qurilmani ulash mumkin. M-6000 prosessori asosidagi tizimning oysominlash uchun tizim tarkibida tutashmalarni moslashtirishning maxsus modeli mavjud.
http://fayllar.org
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I.M.Sechenovning - O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim

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O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim
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bet | 141/314 | Sana | 15.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,55 Mb. | | #138209 |
Bog'liq O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta\'limI.M.Sechenovning fikriga ko’ra jismni ko’z bilan idrok qilish uchun ko’z o’sha narsani "qidirsin", faqat shundagina maqsadga muvofiq harakat yuzaga chiqqan bo’ladi. Hozirgi davrda psixologiya fanida ko’z harakatlari nazariyasi ishlab chiqilgan bo’lib, ular makro va mikro ixtiyoriy va ixtiyorsiz ko’rinishlarga ajratiladi. Ular quyidagi nomlar bilan ifodalanadi:
Konvergent, divergent, gorizontal, vertikal, parsimon va boshqalar. Ko’z harakati yordami bilan fazoda o’rin almashib turgan jismlarni topish, bilib olish va idenfikasiyalash amalga oshiriladi. Ko’z harakatlari uch jufti tashqi muskullari, ya'ni miya bosh suyagining III, IV va VI juft nervlari orqali ro’yobga chiqadi, ko’zning makro va mikro harakatlari sezgining mexanizmi rolini bajarish imkoniyatiga ega.
Jahon psixologiya fani ma'lumotlariga qaraganda sezgilar atrof- muhit to’g’risida va o’zimiz haqimizda yagona bilish manbai sifatida xizmat qiladi. Sezgilar shunday bir axborot kanaliki, ular tashqi olamdan va ichki tana a'zolaridan keladigan barcha holatlar, taassurotlar xuddi shu yo’llar orqali miya po’stiga yetib boradi, insonga ta'sirlarga nisbatan to’g’ri javob reaksiyalari qaytarishga yordam beradi.
His etish yoki sezgining filogenetik taraqqiyoti shuni ko’rsatadiki, hayvonlarda ma'lum narsani sezish, his etish ularning biologik jihatdan zaruriyat ehtiyoj ekanligiga qarab rivojlangan.
Bu holatlar ko’pincha xorij olimlari tomonidan izchil ravishda o’rganilgan, ularning o’ziga xos omillar mexanizmlari mavjudligi ta'kidlab o’tilgan. Masalan, turli asalari xatti-harakatlari kuzatilganda, gulga o’xshash murakkab geometrik shaklga nisbatan asalarining differensirovkasi oson kechgan. Agarda shu murakkab geometrik shakl gullarga oid bo’lmasa, u holda arida differensirovka juda qiyinchilik bilan vujudga kelgan. Tadqiqotchi Bosning kuzatishicha, jonivorlar
qurt-qumursqalarga xos bo’lgan tovushlarga nisbatan xuddi shu turdagi harakatlarga befarqlik bildirmagan, moboda tovushlar qattiq va tez sur'atda kechsa, ularga hech qanday e'tibor bermagan. Ushbu vazifani olim biologik shartlanganlikdan kelib chiqqan tabiiy ehtiyoj, instinkt bilan uzviy bog’lagan.
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Tayanch tushunchalar - O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim

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O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta'lim
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bet | 143/314 | Sana | 15.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,55 Mb. | | #138209 |
Bog'liq O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta\'lim Tayanch tushunchalar
Adaptasiya (lot. Adaptare moslashtirmoq) - sezgi a'zolarining qo’zg’ovchi kuchiga moslashuvi natijasida muayyan sezgirlikning o’zgarishi.
Akkomodasiya (yunon. Akkomadatio - moslashish) - ko’zning turli masofadagi narsalarni ko’rishga moslashuvi.
Analizator (yunon. Analusis bo’laklarga ajratish) - murakkab neyrofiziologik tizim, odamga ta'sir etuvchi qo’zg’alishlarni idrok etish va uni tahlil qilish.
Afferentasiya (lot, afferens (afferentis) - keltiruvchi) - tashqi va ichki qo’zg’atuvchilar orqali sezgi a'zolariga ta'sir etish asosida paydo bo’lgan nerv tizimiga kelib turish jarayoni.
Binokulyar ko’rish - (lot bini - juft, okuliys - ko’z) - bitta ob'ektning o’zini har ikkala ko’z bilan barobar ko’rish.
Veber-Fexner qonuni - qo’zg’ovchi kuchning o’zgarishi bilan hosil bo’lgan muayyan sezgi kuchining o’zgarishi o’rtasidagi o’zaro munosabatni ifodalashdan iborat psixofiziologik qonun.
Vestibulyar apparat (lot. vestibultuu – boshlang’ich, apparatus - asbob) - fazodagi harakatlarning yo’nalishining holati va bunday harakatlar yo’nalishining o’zgarishini kuzatib baholab turishga yordam beradigan analizator (ichki quloqda joylashgan).
Interoreseptiv sezgilar - (lot. interior - ichki, redpiere - olmoq) - ichki a'zolarga joylashgan reseptorlar.
Kinestetik sezgi (yunon. kineo - hapakatga keltiraman) - o’z tana a'zolarining holati va xarakatini propreoreseptorlar ta'siri ostida sezish.
Sezgi - psixik aks ettirishning oddiy usuli tariqasida hayvonlarga ham, odamlarga ham xos xususiyat. Voqelikdagi narsa va hodisalarning ayrim belgi va xususiyatlarini bilib olishni ta'minlaydi.
Sezgi a'zolarining o’ziga xos quvvati - sezgi a'zolarning maxsus quvvati haqidagi qonun bo’lib, bu qonunga binoan sezgi a'zolari tashqi olamdagi narsa va hodisalarning ta'sirini aks ettirmay, balki sezgi a'zolarining o’ziga xos quvvatini qo’zg’ovchi tashqi turtki deb hisoblanadi (M.Myuller).
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) Vitamin B1 orqanizmdə hansı şəkildə maddələr mübadiləsində iştirak edir?

488) Vitamin B1 orqanizmdə hansı şəkildə maddələr mübadiləsində iştirak edir?
A) Reduksiyaya uğradıqdan sonra
B) Piroüzüm turşusuna çevrildikdən sonra
C) Kokarboksilazaya çevrildikdən sonra
D) Dekarboksilləşdikdən sonra
E) Oksidləşdikdən sonra
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 393
489) Hansı qida məhsulları vitamin B1-lə zəngindir?
A) İtburnu meyvələri
B) Taxıl bitkiləri
C) Moruq
D) Sitrus meyvələri
E) Kələm
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 393
490) Hansı preparat B1 vitamininə aiddir?
A) Askorbin turşusu
B) Tiamin-bromid
C) Nikotin turşusu
D) Piridoksin-hidroxlorid
E) Askorutin
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 394
491) Vitamin B2 hansı proseslərdə iştirak edir?
A) Yağ mübadiləsində
B) Zülal mübadiləsində
C) Aterosklerozda
D) Leykopeniyalarda
E) Oksidləşmə-reduksiya reaksiyalarında
Ədəbiyyat: E.M.Ağayev, İ.İ.Rəhimov. “Farmakologiya”. Bakı, “Nurlan”, 2005 səh 394
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