nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
DISKRETLASH, KVANTLASH VA KODLASH

DISKRETLASH, KVANTLASH VA KODLASH. Analog signallarni raqamli signalga o‘tkazish jarayoni vaqt bo‘yicha uzluksiz
U(t) funksiyani
U(t t ) – ma’lum bir
t vaqtda erishgan qiymatini raqamlar ketmaketligi
bilan ifodalashdan iboratdir
n = 0,1,2,3,…….. Analog axborotni raqamli ko‘rinishga aylantirish uchun uni kvantlaydilar, ya’ni
vaqt bo‘yicha uzluksiz signal uning ma’lum nuqtalardagi diskret qiymatlari bilan
almashtiriladi. So‘ngra berilgan signal oxirgi diskret qiymatiga mos ravishda raqam
beriladi. Signal diskret darajalarini raqamlar ketma – ketligi bilan almashtirish jarayoni
kodlash deb ataladi.
Olingan raqamlar ketma – ketligi
signal kodi deb ataladi.
ARO’ ko‘p xarakteristikalarga ega, ulardan asosiylari o‘zgartirish chastotasi va
bit chuqurligi. O’zgartirish chastotasi odatda hisoblarda sekunda, bit chuqurligi
e sa
razryadlarda ifodalanadi. Zamonaviy ARO’ 24 razryadgacha bit bo‘lishi mumkin.
Tezlik va bit chuqurligi qancha yuqori bo‘lsa, kerakli xarakteristikalarni olish shuncha
qiyin, o‘zgartirgich shuncha qimmat va murakkab bo‘ladi. Aylantirish tezligi va bit
chuqurligi ma’lum bir tarzda bir-biriga bog‘liq, va tezligini kamaytirib o‘zgartkichni
samarali bit chuqurligini oshirish mumkin.
§ 10.6.1. Analog-raqamli o‘zgartkichlari Avtomatik boshqarish, rostlash va boshqa tizimlarida datchiklarning axboroti
analog ko‘rinishida olinadi. Ushbu axborotni raqamli boshqarish qurilmalarga yoki
EXM larga kiritish uchun ARO’ lar xizmat qiladi.
Ko‘pincha AROlar kuchlanish yoki tok ko‘rinishidagi kirish signalini parallel
yoki ketma-ket ko‘rinishdagi ikkala yoki ikki-o‘nli raqamli kodga o‘zgartiradi.
Uzluksiz o‘lchanayotgan kattalikni uning ma’lum vaqt t ichida oniy qiymati
bilan almashtirish vaqt bo‘yicha
kvantlash deb ataladi. T vaqt intervali kvantlash
qadami deb ataladi, o‘zgartirish chastotasi esa
f = 1/t kvantlash chastotasi.
134
Kvantlash qadami ikki qismga bo‘linadi. Birinchi qism davrida analog signali
raqam ko‘rinishiga o‘zgartiriladi, ikkinchi davrida esa rezistrga yozilib undan
moslamani boshqa qismlariga uzatiladi. Bu
Mexanizasiyalash muhandislar instituti milliy tadqiqot universiteti - bet 133

205
Nasos stansiyalarini avtomatlashtirishning iqtisodiy samaradorligi
•
Nasos agregatlarini optimal rejimda ishlashi tufayli energiya tejalishi bilan ish
parametrlarining uzluksiz monitoringi belgilash;
•
Optimal ish rejimlariga, uzluksiz monitoringga va avtomatik nazoratga erishish
orqali energiyani tejash;
•
Avtomatik himoya vositalarini joriy yetish va uskunalarning texnik holatini
uzluksiz kuzatish tufayli avariya vaziyatlarni kamaytirish;
•
Optimal sharoitda nasoslarning ishlashi tufayli servis xizmat ko‘rsatish va
texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish oraliqlari kamaytirish;
•
Texnik xodimlar sonini qisqartirish orqali operatsion xarajatlarni kamaytirish.
§ 15.5. Cho‘kma nasoslarni avtomatik boshqarish sxemasi
Nasos qurilmalarini avtomatlashtirish uchun umumiy maqsadli uskunalardan
tashqari (kontaktorlar, magnitli starterlar, kommutatorlar, oraliq relelar), maxsus
nazorat va boshqaruv qurilmalari ishlatiladi, masalan, sath nazorat relelari, markazdan
qochma nasoslar, reaktiv relelar, qolqovushli relelar, elektrod sathli relelar, turli bosim
o‘lchagichlar, sig‘imli datchiklar va boshqalar.
Boshqarish stansiyasi
- 1 kV gacha bo‘lgan to‘liq qurilmalar. Nazorat, rostlash,
himoya va signal vazifalarini avtomatlashtirilgan bajarish bilan elektr qurilmalarini
yoki ularning qismlarini masofadan boshqarish uchun mo‘ljallangan.Tizimli ravishda
boshqarish stansiyasi-blok, panel, shkaf, shitlardan tashkil topadi.
Boshqarish bloki
- barcha elementlari alohida plitada yoki qarqasda
o‘rnatilgan boshqaruv stansiyasi.
Boshqaruv paneli
- boshqarish stansiyasi, uning barcha elementlari umumiy
ramka yoki metall qatlamga yig‘ilgan platalar, relslar yoki boshqa tarkibiy
elementlarga o‘rnatiladi.
Film and entertainm ent - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

3
In th is Speaking Part 2 long tu rn answ er, the student is speaking
about her favourite
book. She has made some m istakes in her gram m ar. Read the s c rip t and correct the
m istakes. Then listen to Track 30 on the CD and check your answers.
‘ My favourite
book is called the Hunger Games. It was w rote by Suzanne Collins I think
and it is a really good book. The story
is set in N orth Am erica, but at a tim e when things
are very bad. It’s a
story of a te rrib le society, which separated into districts. A boy and g irl
from each d is tric t send to take part in the Hunger Games. These
games are televised fo r
everyone to see. The games are basically a fight to the death fo r the children taking part.
The story follow s a g irl called Katniss, who forced to take
part in the games when she
offers herself up instead of her sister. I like the story so much because it is very exciting.
At first, I found it really horrifying,
but the more I read it, the more I couldn't put the book
down. I really came to like the main character too. She is so strong.
I was recomm end this
book by some friends and it d idn't disappoint m e.’
4
Below is the prom pt fo r the Part 2 Speaking above. Which part of the prom pt did the
student not a n s w e r? ____________________________________________
T hink about y o u r own answ ers to th e p ro m p t and note down som e ideas.
Describe a book that you’ve particularly enjoyed. You should say:
-
What the book is about
-
The main themes in the book
-
What the characters are like
and explain why you liked the book.
W hat is yo u r favourite book?
W hat is the book about?
W hat are the main them es in the book?
W hat are the characters like?
Why did you like the book?
Exam tip : Make sure you answer aU parts of the Part 2 prom pt that you receive.
This means you w ill complete the task properly and make better use of the tim e.
Film and entertainment - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

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Fiona Aish & Jo TomlinsonBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for Exams18 Film and entertainment
The passive
Academic language often uses the passive voice. The passive is used fo r the follow ing reasons:
To focus on who/what receives the action
ACTIVE SENTENCE:
Elton John partlv w rote The Lion Kinq soundtrack.
PASSIVE SENTENCE:
The Lion Kino soundtrack was oartlv w ritte n bv Elton John.
In the passive sentence the im portant focus is on The Lion King. Here, the text around this
sentence is more likely to be about The Lion King. In the firs t sentence, the text is more likely
about Elton John.
When who/what does the action is unim portant o r irrelevant
ACTIVE SENTENCE:
The film comoanv released Star Wars in 1977.
PASSIVE SENTENCE:
Star Wars was released in 1977.
Who released the film is unim portant and irrelevant to the message.
To avoid saying who is doing the action
ACTIVE SENTENCE:
In The Bank Robber. H arrv Flint stole $2bn dollars from a bank.
PASSIVE SENTENCE:
In The Bank Robber. $2bn d ollars are stolen from a bank.
Here, if the active subject is used [Harry Flint), we w ill reveal the plot of the film .
Forming the passive
Only verbs w ith an object can be turned into the passive.
An active sentence:
The film producers invested $20 million in the promotion of the film.
= a subject [The film producers)
+
a verb [invested)
+
an object [$20million)
The subject does the action and the object receives the action.
A passive sentence:
If we w ant to focus on the am ount of money, the passive sentence is as follows:
$20million was invested in the promotion of the film (by the film producers).
Here the object becomes the subject and we add a form of the verb to be + past participle (for the
continuous form : to be + being + past participle). See the g ra m m a r reference fo r a ll form s.
Often the active subject becomes unnecessary.
Here you can see the changes:
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Non-defining relative clauses

Unit 19
Subject and object relative pronouns
Relative clauses usually begin w ith a relative pronoun. The relative pronoun acts as the subject
or object of the clause.
Subject relative clauses do not need a new subject as the pronoun acts as the subject:
Jacob is the only person who can feed the lions.
Who is the subject of the relative clause. (Jacob can feed the lions)
Object relative clauses need a new subject as the pronoun re Dresents the object:
The penguins were the best anim als that I saw at the zoo.
That refers to
penguins, so we m ust add a subject (/) fo r the relative clause (I saw the penguins at
the zoo).
Shortening relative clauses
The follow ing are ways in w hich a relative clause can be reduced:
1
A relative pronoun + verb can be replaced w ith a participle:
The cat spits at anyone who approaches it. = The cat spits at anyone approaching it.
2 For passive constructions, the relative pronoun + verb
to be can be removed to leave the past
participle:
The man who w as injured in the tig e r attack w ent to hospital.
With defining - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

2
Look at the following questions which may be asked in an IELTS Part 3 Speaking exam.
Complete the spaces with the clauses below.
that have no laws to protect their
animals
which don’t have shops to buy food
that keep animals in small cages
which have been destroyed by industries
Are zoos cruel to animals?
I don't know. I th in k some zoos are cruel, fo r example zoos (1 )_______________________
But there are also zoos (2 )_______________________ This I th in k is good.
Zoos can also
help protect endangered species, and this is a really great thing.
There are some countries
(3 )________________________ - th a t’s a real problem . So overall I don’t th in k zoos are as
bad as people think.
Section C - Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

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Fiona Aish & Jo TomlinsonBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsSection C _____________
Fashion is not only used to define the self but also is a pow erful tool fo r group identity. This can
be m ost clearly seen in youth fashion w hich is often given a name to help convey the messages of
its m em bers. Fashion styles such as goth, mod and emo have sem iotic signs and sym bols which
can represent values, beliefs and p o litica l ideologies. Often these values and ideas bring young
people toge th e r who use clothing as a way to identify others who share th e ir philosophy of life.
S ection D ________________
On the other hand the semiotics of fashion can be seen as a product of a consumer-based society where
appearance, especially through clothing, is valued and judged. This leads to people making conclusions
about others on the basis of what they wear. These conclusions are often incorrect and damaging as
they attach values and characteristics to people which they may not actually believe in or possess.
Section
E _____________
In conclusion fashion can be a useful way to analyse an individual, group, society o r tim e period.
Clothing and body adornm ent can hig h lig h t status, mood, ideas and values. Although sem iotics
has som etim es been criticized as a tool of jud g m e n t fo r appearance, it has generally offered a
valuable insight into human thought and behaviour throughout history.
i
Connecting fashion and character
ii
Fashion as a to o l fo r unifying people
iii
Fashion is a like a language
iv The effect of consum erism on fashion
v
Using fashion to develop c u ltu ra l knowledge
vi
Explaining fashion w ith signs
vii The difference between individual and group identity in fashion
viii Fashioning the body fo r com m unication
Fashion
7 3
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Do you think we could do more to protect our wildlife?

|
Do you think we could do more to protect our wildlife?Bog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsDo you think we could do more to protect our wildlife?
Yes, we could do a little more. I th in k many areas of rainforest (4 )_______________________
really need to be rejuvenated. Lots of w ild life live there and if they don’t have these forests,
they w on 't be able to survive. G orillas (5 )_______________________ are dying out rapidly.
Do you think hunting is justified?
I th in k hunting som etim es is a necessary thing. But I th in k hunting as a sport
(6 )______________________________ is a little cruel. We a ll need to eat, and societies (7 )_
_______________________need to be able to hunt fo r food. This is necessary fo r them to
be able to live.
Listen and check your answers. Can you think of any additional points to add to these
answers?
| Grammar tip: It is im portant to know which type of relative clause to use (defining or
i non-defining). This te lls you w hether you need to punctuate the clause, what pronouns
j
you can use, and if the clause can be shortened. Remember, speakers w ill pause at
| commas in non-defining relative clauses. This means that you can identify a defining
I and non-defining relative clause by the way it is said.
3
Using the tip above, listen to the sentences below and decide whether they contain
defining or non-defining relative clauses. Punctuate the non-defining relative clauses.
1
Owls are divided into two groups which are classified ‘typical ow ls’ and ‘barn owls'.
2
Barn owls which are nocturnal fly silently________________________
3 Owls which are nomadic rear a great num ber of young_______________________
U
Long-eared owls which live in the north m igrate to Europe fo r winter.
that give the animals space to move and look
after them w ell
, which are one of the most endangered
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The film producers invested $20 million in the promotion of the film

O ther Passive C onstructions (avoiding using the subject)
When we don't w ant to say it is
our opinion, w hich is a com m on technique
in academic w ritin g ,
we often use the passive. Additionally, to avoid using
they or
people the
passive can be used w ith
reporting verbs.
ACTIVE SENTENCE:
People say that film m a kin g is a lucrative industry.
PASSIVE SENTENCE:
F ilm m aking is said to be a lucrative industry.
Note: It is said that film m aking is a lucrative industry, is also possible.
See page 123 in the G ram m ar reference fo r more inform ation.
Practice Exercises
Change the fo llo w in g active sentences into passive sentences. Leave out the active
subject if possible.
1
To
a certain extent, the e ntertainm ent industry is dictating popular culture.
2
People should avoid the new Broadway play
Star Memories.
3
In the USA, people have voted cinem a-going as the m ost popular weekend hobby.
4
People know that the e ntertainm ent industry is very com petitive.
5
People regard Hollywood as the m ost influ e n tia l town fo r film m akin g .
6 At the beginning of the 20th century, large film companies
contractually restricted
fam ous actors and actresses.
7
In relation to the plot of the book, someone had changed the ending of the film .
8 Someone told us to sit in seats 4a and 4b.
2
Listen to the lectu re on the A u stra lia n Film In stitu te.
C om plete the sentences
1-5
w ith no
m ore than thre e w ords a n d /o r a n u m be r fro m the recording.
1
The A ustralian Film In s titu te ________________ in 1958.
2 The AFI i s ________________ fo r its prestigious awards ceremony.
3 The awards have been ra is in g ________________ of the film Industry in A ustralia since
the 1960s.
4
In 1986,________________ included in the AFI awards.
5 T h e ________________ was held at M elbourne's Princess Theatre.
;
Gram m ar tip: When talking about the
plot of a story or film , use the present tense.
W rite about the following topic

Audio script
Unit 1
Holidays and travel
Track 01
Examiner:
Where do you live?
Nikolas:
I come from Moscow. I have lived there fo r 6 years. My fam ily moved
from the
countryside when I was 12 years old.
Examiner:
Do you s till live w ith your family?
Nikolas:
Yes, I do. I live w ith my parents and share a room w ith my brother. My brother s till
goes to school. He is only 8 years old.
Examiner:
Do you like Moscow?
Nikolas:
Yes, I love Moscow. When I firs t arrived, I d id n 't like it much because it was so
different, but I have grown accustomed to it. Now, I know my way around and have
lots of friends.
Examiner:
How has Moscow changed recently?
Nikolas:
It has become more international, and more exciting. In the last few years, about
ten new international restaurants have opened in my area alone and I often eat in
them now w ith my friends. I have lots of inte rna tio n al friends who have come to
study at the University in Moscow, and we often meet in the evenings.
Track 02
1
What kinds of holidays do you like?
2
What was the last place you visited on holiday?
What kinds of tra n sp o rt do you use regularly?
U 
How long have you lived in your home town?
5

Tracks 0 1 -0 5
but I've never ridden a bicycle because I'm too scared! It sounds ridiculous but it ’s
true! I often visit my parents by train, but last week there was an accident so I took
the bus.
Examiner:
How long have you lived in your home town?
Student:
I’ve lived here a ll my life. A lthough I’ve w orked in lots of d ifferent cities, I've never
stayed there fo r more than a few m onths. I was born in Shanghai and have lived
here now fo r tw enty one years. I lived w ith my parents when I was younger but now
I’ve got a fla t on my own in the city centre! It's not very big but it suits me.
Examiner: 
Have you travelled to many d ifferent places in your country?
Student

|
Examiner:
Have you travelled to many d ifferent places in your country?
StudentBog'liq Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for ExamsExaminer:
Have you travelled to many d ifferent places in your country?
Student:
Yes, I've travelled to lots of d ifferent cities in China. I've been to Beijing, Guangzhou,
Nanjing, Harbin and Kunming. My favourite one was Beijing. I w ent there a couple
of years ago and it was really fantastic. I did n 't realize how cold
it was in Beijing. I
was amazed. Apparently, it is really hot in the su m m e r but really cold in the w in te r
tim e. U nfortunately, I w ent in the w in te r!
Unit 3 Fame
Track 04
Presenter:
In today’s program m e I’ ll continue exam ining the im pact of fam e on lifestyle using
the style icon Gloria Van Broncken as an example. Before becoming fam ous in
the m odelling industry, Gloria had lived in a s m a ll village and had never travelled
outside her own country. She used to w ork in a clothes store and she enjoyed
a ll the usual activities of a teenager in her free tim e. She’d been w orking in the
clothes store fo r two years when a custom er who represented a m odel agency
spotted her and signed her up. By the tim e she was 21 Gloria had travelled round
the w orld several tim es and had appeared on the cover of many inte rna tio n al
fashion magazines. Now the im pact of such drastic lifestyle changes can be very
s ig n ific a n t... [fade]
Unit
U
Education
Track 05
Librarian:
Hello there. How can I help you?
John:
I’m going to do a presentation on Mary Shelley, and I’d like to get some books on
her.
Librarian:
Okay. The biographies are on the th ird floor. I’ll w rite the aisle num ber down fo r
you.
John:
Thanks. I m ight use the Internet too and look fo r resources on there.
Librarian:
T hat’s a good idea. If you’re going to use the Internet, have a look on the Great
B ritish Authors website.
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Key words - Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya hisobi, iqtisodiy tahlil va auditni xalqaro standartlar...

910
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ
Вместе с тем, быстрое развитие цифровой экономики, создание новых
моделей
платформ,
используемых
в
ней,
заставляют
глубокого
и
разностороннего изучения и применения накопленного
опыта формирования и
развития цифровой экономики в тех странах, где цифровая экономика уже
конкурирует с традиционной экономикой. Именно с точки зрения применения
опыта реализации преимуществ цифровой экономики хотелось бы изложить
пути развития цифровой экономики в Узбекистане. Нужно констатировать, что
практически во
всех странах, занимающих лидирующие позиции в области
цифровых технологий, главным инициатором инноваций по цифровизации
является государство. При активном участии государств осуществляется
успешная
разработка
технологических
предложений,
а
также
коммерциализация результатов этих предложений. Правительства многих стран
были инициаторами и создателями
ведущих и крупных корпораций,
результатом деятельности которых стало формирование «цифрового образа»
современной экономики.
Необходимо отметить, что влияние цифровой трансформации на
экономику и общество является сложным и взаимосвязанным, которое требует
подходов стратегического характера. Например, «Тридцать четыре страны
ОЭСР имеют национальную цифровую стратегию для улучшения координации
политики на
высших уровнях правительства, чаще всего на уровне премьер-
министра или канцелярии, специального министерства или органа. Этот
стратегический подход особенно очевиден в контексте новых технологий: к
середине 2020 года 24 страны ОЭСР имели национальную стратегию
искусственного интеллекта с упором на внедрение и навыки» [1].
Результаты изучения имеющейся литературы, а
также применяемых
методов по данному вопросу позволяют делать вывод о том, что принятие в
странах-лидерах по формированию цифровой экономики национальной
стратегии и программ содействия цифровизации дало результаты в виде
911
создания возможности широкого применения
цифровых решений во всех
сферах общественной и экономической жизни.
DAVLAT OLIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA MODDIY QIYMATLIKLAR

157
Moddiy qimmatliklar(mol-mulklar)ning hisob ob’ektlari (asosiy vositalar,
nomoddiy aktivlar, TMZ, foydalanishdagi inventar va xo‘jalik jihozlari) bo‘yicha
tekshirish.
Moddiy qimmatliklar(mol-mulklar)ning hisob ob’ektlari(asosiy vositalar,
nomoddiy aktivlar, TMZ, foydalanishdagi inventar va xo‘jalik jihozlari) bo‘yicha
turkumlanishi,
baholanishi
xujjatlashtirilishi,
ularning
butligi,
saqlanishini,
foydalanishga berilishi, hisobdan chiqarilishi, eskirishining hisoblanishi va ta’mirlash
muomilalarining buxgalteriyada me’yoriy xujjatlar talablari mos hisobga olinishini
tekshirish quyidagi tartibda amalga o‘tkazilishini tavsiya etiladi. Ta’lim
muassasasida tasdiqlangan “Hisob siyosati” qoidalaridan moddiy qimmatliklar(mol-
mulklar)ning hisobining turli qirralarini bayon etilishining to‘liqligiga baho (yaxshi,
qoniqarli, yomon) berish.
Фойдаланилган адабиётлар рўйхати - Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya hisobi, iqtisodiy tahlil...

166
QISHLOQ XО‘JALIK KORXONALARIDA
MOLIYAVIY HISOBNI
TAKOMILLASHTIRISH IMKONIYATLARI
Ergasheva Nasiba Raxmatullayevna-
QarMII “Buxgalteriya hisobi va audit”
kafedrasi stajyor о‘qituvchisi
Maxmudov Akbarshoh
- QarMII “Buxgalteriya hisobi va audit” ta’lim yо‘nalishi
talabasi
Annotatsiya.
Maqolada qishloq xo‘jaligi korxonalarida
buxgalteriya hisobi
ma’lumotlari ishonchliligi ustidan nazoratni ta’minlash imkonini beruvchi xo‘jalik
muomalalarining buxgalteriya hisobi schyotlarining qisqartirilgan ishchi schyotlar
rejasini tuzish imkoniyatlari ochib berilgan.
Kassa usulida hisobni yuritishning kamchiliklari

142
Xalqaro amaliyotda Davlat sektori buxgalteriya
hisobining metodlaridan
quyidagi tartibda foydalanmoqda (1-jadval).
1-jadval
Xalqaro amaliyotda hisob usullarini qo’llash to’g’risida ma’lumot
61
Mamlakatlar
nomi
G’aznachilikda
davlat budjeti
ijrosi
Budjet
ijrosiga
ma’sul
moliya
organlarida
Budjet
tashkilotlarida
smetalar ijrosi
bo’yicha
Boshqa
sub’yektlarda
Albaniya
MKH
MKH
MKH
H
Xorvatiya
K
MKH
MKH
MKH
Gruziya
K
K
H
H
Rossiya
K
K
H
H
Bosniya va
Gertsegovina
MKH
MKH
MKH
MKH
Turkiya
MKH
MKH
MKH
MKH
O’zbekiston
K
K
H
H
Mamlakatimizda davlat budjetining va davlat maqsali jamg’armalari
budjetlarining budjeti ijrosi bo’yicha budjet hisobi kassa usulida,
budjet
tashkilotlarida buxgalteriya hisobi hisoblash usulida yuritilishi belgilangan.
Xulosa o’rnida aytish mumkinki, Davlat sektorida
buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro
standartlarini mamlakatlarda qo’llash yanada yuqori sifatli moliyaviy hisobotlar
davlat sektori faoliyati natijalarini baholashga
katta imkoniyat yaratadi, axborotlarni
shaffofligini
oshiradi, budjetga moliyaviy hisob va statistik hisobotlarni yuqori
darajada integratsiyalashuvini ta’minlaydi, axborotlarni ishonchliligi va to’liqligini
oshishi hisobiga davlat aktivlarini samarali
boshqarish imkonini beradi, moliyaviy
hisobotlarni boshqa mamlakatlar moliyaviy hisobotlari bilan
solishtirish imkoniyati
yaratiladi, xalqaro munosabatlarni globallashuvi sharoitida mamlakat majburiyatlari
qandayligi va uni o’z resurslari bilan
qanday boshqarayotganligi, shuningdek,
61
Mualliflar tomonidan tuzilgan
143
moliyaviy holatni tushunish asosida chet el investitsiyalarini
hajmini oshishi va
donorlik mablag’larini ko’payishi imkonini beradi.
Davlat sektori uchun buxgalteriya hisobining modifikatsiyalashtirilgan

140
Yuqorida aytilganlardan ko’rinib turibdiki, davlat sektorida kassa metodiga
asoslangan buxgalteriya hisobi yuritilganda sodir bo’lgan hodisalar bo’yicha pul
mablag’larining kelib tushishi yoki pul mablag’larining to’lanishi paytida tan olinsa,
davlat sektorida hisoblash metodiga asoslangan buxgalteriya hisobi yuritilganda esa
sodir bo’lgan hodisalar aktivlarning qiymati va majburiyatlarning summasi paydo
bo’lgan yoki ularning iqtisodiy qiymati o’zgargan paytda tan olinadi.
Davlat sektori uchun buxgalteriya hisobining hisoblash metodida aktivlarning
sof qiymatini ko’paytiruvchi hodisalar daromadlar deb, aktivlarning sof qiymatini
kamaytiruvchi hodisalar esa xarajatlar deb tan olinadi.
Davlat boshqaruv sektorining aktivlari sof qiymati hamda ular faoliyatining
natijalari bo’lib davlat boshqaruv sektorining aktivlari qiymati bilan majburiyatlari
summasi o’rtasidagi farq hisoblanadi.
Davlat sektori uchun buxgalteriya hisobi metodlarining o’ziga xos jihatlari
haqida qisqacha quyidagilarni ma’lum qilamiz.
Davlat sektori uchun buxgalteriya hisobining hisoblash
(H)
metodida
operatsiyalar va barcha hodisalar (daromadlar, xarajatlar, majburiyatlar) ular sodir
bo’lgan paytda (pul mablag’lari harakatiga bog’liq bo’lmagan holda ) tan olinadi.
Hisoblash usulining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari quyidagi rasmlar orqali
ifodalangan.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro‘yxati

144
Xalqaro buxgalterlar uyushmasi tomonidan, 3 tasi jamoatchilikdan tavsiya etiladi.
Kengashning jamoatchilik a’zolari xar qanday shaxsdan yoki tashkilotdan tavsiya
etilishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari Davlat sektorida buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro
standartlari kengashiga cheklangan miqdorda davlat sektorida moliyaviy hisobotga
manfatdor organlardan kuzatuvchilar tayinlanadi va ular yig‘ilishda fikr bildirish
xuquqiga ega lekin ovoz berish xuquqiga ega emas.
Davlat sektorida buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro standartlari Kengashi tomonidan
maslaxat guruxi tashkil etiladi va ular ishchi gurux hisoblanib ovoz berish xuquqidan
foydalanmaydi. Maslaxat guruxi raxbari bo‘lib Kengash raisi hisoblanadi.
Davlat sektorida buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro standartlari Kengashi ishlab
chiqadi:
- hisoblash
usulida qo‘llaniladigan Davlat sektorida buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro
standartlari;
- kassa
usulida qo‘llaniladigan Davlat sektorida buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro
standartlari.
Mexmonov (2016) o‘zining ilmiy izlanishlar natijasida Davlat sektorida
buxgalteriya hisobi xalqaro standartlari Kengashining maqsadini quydagiacha 1-
rasmda aks ettiradi.
‒ rasm. Hisoblash usulining afzalliklari

141
Hisoblash usulining kamchiligi quyidagi 3 ‒ rasm orqali ifodalangan.
3 ‒ rasm. Hisoblash usulining kamchiliklari
58
Kassa usulida hisobni yuritishning afzalliklari
va kamchiliklari quyidagi
rasmlar orqali ifodalangan.
4 ‒ rasm. Kassa usulida hisobni yuritishning afzalliklari
59
Kassa usulida hisobni yuritishning kamchiligi quyidagi 4 ‒
rasm orqali
ifodalangan.
4 ‒ rasm. Kassa usulida hisobni yuritishning kamchiliklari
60
Dunyoning ko’pgina
mamlakatlarida
modifikatsiyalashgan kassa
usuli yoki
modifikatsiyalashgan hisoblash
usuli
(MKH)
qo’llaniladi.
58
Mualliflar tomonidan tuzilgan
59
Mualliflar tomonidan tuzilgan
60
Mualliflar tomonidan tuzilgan
hisob jarayonini murakkablashishi
mutaxassislardan yuqori malaka talab etishi
kadrlarni tayyorlash va malakasini oshirishga qo’shimcha
xarajatlar talab etishi
Qo’llashni oddiyligi
Hisobotlarni o’z vaqtidaligini ta’minlashi
Hisobni yuritishda xatoliklarni olish imkoniyatining
kengligi
Mutaxassislardan yuqori malaka talab etmasligi
Oz o ‘qni jism aylanish o ‘qida olsak, b u rch a k tezligining vektori 
b u n d ay yoziladi:
ю = (ak

83-rasm.
Jism b u rch ak tezlan ishining vektori ( e ) ni aylanish o ‘qi b o ‘ylab
tasvirlash m um kin (83-rasm ):
du>
r*
d ш
, . _
г*
.. r*
e = — =
к — yoki e =
гк =
v?k .
.
- .
__ „ - o . v - v .v.
(45.6)
dt
dt
J
^
v
’
Jism burchak tezlanishining o ‘lchov birligi ra d /s 2 yoki 1/s2 b o ‘la-
di. Jism aylanm a h arakatining xususiy hollari quyidagilardan iborat:
1.
Agar burch ak tezligi (w =const) o 'zg arm as b o ‘lsa, jism harakati
tekis aylanm a harak atd an iborat b o ‘ladi. Bu holda:
— = to = const
bog‘lanish tenglamalari - ‘zbekist0n respublikasi oliy va ‘rta maxsus ta’lim yazirligi q‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi

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‘zbekist0n respublikasi oliy va ‘rta maxsus ta’lim yazirligi q‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi Pdf ko'rish
|
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Bog'liq 1048 pdf 63c96812dd27f 1674143762bog‘lanish tenglamalari deb ataladi.
Bog‘lanish tenglam alari sistema nuqtalarining koordinatlari, tez-
liklari ham da vaqt orqali ifodalanishi mumkin.
Sistema nuqtalarining koordinatalarigagina chek qo‘yuvchi bog‘-
lan ish lar geometrik b o g ‘lanishlar deyiladi va u lar quyidagi te n g
lam alar bilan ifodalanadi:
f i x !, y x, Z\ ;...; x„, y n, z„) = 0 ,
(107.1)
ф(*1 ,У\ ,Z\ ;
X „ , y „ , z n )
= o.
(107.2)
Agar bog‘lanish sistema nuqtalarining koordinatalaridan tashqari
tezliklariga ham chek q o ‘ysa, u kinematik (differensialli) bog‘lanish
deb ataladi. Bu bog‘lanish tenglamasi
/ ( * i , У] > zx; •••; x„, y n, zn; xx, y x, i x \
x„, yn, z„) = 0 , (107.3)
ф(х,, yx, zx; •••; x„, yn,z„; xx, y x, zx;
xn, y„, zn\ 0 = 0 (107.4)
ko‘rinishda yoziladi.
Agar (107.3) va (107.4) ten glam alar integrallanadigan b o ‘lsa,
bog‘lanish golonom, aks holda begolonom bog‘lanish deyiladi.
Bog‘lanish tenglam asi vaqtning oshkormas funksiyasi sifatida ifo-
dalan sa, b o g ‘lanish statsionar bog‘lanish, aks holda n o statsio n ar
b o g ‘lanish deb atalad i. (107.1) va (107.3) statsio n ar, (107.2) va
(107.4) nostatsionar bog‘lanish tenglam alaridan iborat.
Masalan, 195-rasmda ko‘rsatilgan krivoship-shatunli m exanizm -
ning ixtiyoriy holatini uning O, A va В nuqtalari holati orqali an iq
lash uchun quyidagi bog‘lanish tenglam alarini yozamiz:
X] = У\ = Уз = 0,
x j + y
2
2
-
г
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ХУЛОСА - download

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Qidiruv: ХУЛОСА | Хулоса. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar Shuningdek, psixik hodisalarning sifatli, o‘lchanib bo‘lmaydigan xususiyatini ham ta’kidlab o‘tamizki, ular bevosita o‘z tashuvchisigagina, boshqa hech kimga tegishli emas 20,39 Kb. 2 | o'qib | | Жисмоний маш=лар биомеханикасидан ы=ув услубий мажмуа V. Амалий ва семинар машғулотлари: дарс мақсади, идентив ўқув мақсади, керакли жиҳоз, материал ва воситалар, ишни бажариш тартиби, хулоса, адабиётлар 0,75 Mb. 51 | o'qib |
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ТАДБИРКОРЛИК - download

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Иқтисодий тарақҚиёт ва камбағалликни қИСҚартириш вазирлиги бизнес ва тадбиркорлик олий мактаби мавзу номи: ms office дастурлари назарияси
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1,79 Mb.
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O'zbekiston Respublikasi Raqamli Texnologiyalar vazirligi Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi Toshkent Axborot Texnologiyalari Universiteti
«тадбиркорлик субъектларини давлат рўйхатидан ўтказиш ва ҳисобга қЎйиш тизимини такомиллаштириш тўҒрисида» 2016 йил 28 октябрдаги пқ-2646-сон қарорини амалга ошириш чора-тадбирлари тўҒрисида
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Нбдз руз — Тадбиркорлик фаолиятининг жадал ривожланишини таъминлашга, хусусий мулкни ҳар томонлама ҳимоя қилишга ва ишбилармонлик муҳитини сифат жиҳатидан яхшилашга доир қўшимча чора-тадбирлар тўғрисида
Tadbirkorlik faoliyatining jadal rivojlanishini ta`minlashga, xususiy mulkni har tomonlama himoya qilishga va ishbilarmonlik muhitini sifat jihatidan yaxshilashga doir qo`shimcha chora-tadbirlar to`g`risida
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1
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Dərs
Mühazirə
Qaydalar
Referat
Xülasə
Yazı
= 0 ,
(х - ‘zbekist0n respublikasi oliy va ‘rta maxsus ta’lim yazirligi q‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi

(107.5) bog‘lanish tenglam alari
О nuqtaning q o ‘zg‘almasligini,
OA va
AB m aso falar o ‘zgarm asligini,
В n u q ta n in g esa
Ox o ‘qi
bo‘ylab surilishini xarakterlaydi. (107.5) tenglam alar vaqtga bog‘liq
emas. Shuning uchun ular statsionar bog‘lanishlarni ifodalaydi.
Faraz qilaylik, krivoship-shatunli mexanizm ning
В polzuni pol
sirti bo‘ylab sirpansin va u vertikal yo‘nalishda
= flsinw? qonun
bo‘yicha sakrab garmonik tebranish hosil qilsin (196-rasm).
Tekshirilayotgan sistemaning bogManish tenglamasi quyidagicha:
*i
=У\ = 0 ,
7 3 - asincof = 0 ,
' x
2
2
+ y
2
2
- r 2 = 0 ,
----------------
(x 2 - x 3 )2
+ ( y
2
- у
г ) 2
- I
2
= 0 .
(107.6)
(107.6) tenglam aning ikkinchisi vaqtga bog‘liq.
Demak, bu bogManish nostatsionar bogManishdan iborat boMadi.
Sistemaga q o ‘yilgan bogManishlar b o ‘shatiladigan va b o ‘shatil-
maydigan boMishi mumkin. T englam a ko 'rin ish id a ifodalanuvchi
bogManish bo‘shatilm aydigan, tengsizlik ko‘rinishida ifodalanuvchi
bog‘lanish esa b o ‘shatiladigan bogManish deyiladi.
108- § . Umumlashgan koordinatlar. Sistem aning erkinlik
darajasi
M a’lumki, erksiz mexanik sistema nuqtalarining ko'chishi ixtiyo-
riy boMmay, biror sabab bilan chegaralangan. Bu shuni ko‘rsatadiki,
sistema nuqtalarining hamma koordinatalari erkin ravishda o ‘zgara
olmaydi; bunday koordinatalar erksiz koordinatalar deb ataladi. Bu
holda sistema holati uning erkin koordinatalarining holati orqali aniq
lanadi. Erksiz koordinatalar esa bogManish tenglam asidan topiladi.
Faraz qilaylik, sistema Л/,,
M2,
a3 - El r3
(i>2 - ‘zbekist0n respublikasi oliy va ‘rta maxsus ta’lim yazirligi q‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi

Shuning uchun co2 = co3b o ‘lib, (49.4) quyidagicha boMadi:
Son q iy m atlarin i qo‘ysak, /,
4 = 54 kelib chiqadi.
| ? |
Nazorat savollari
1. Jismning ilgarilanma harakati qanday ta ’riflanadi?
2. Ilgarilanma harakatdagi qattiq jism nuqtalarining harakati haqida
gi teoremani ta ’riflang.
3. Qattiq jismning aylanma harakati deb nimaga aytiladi?
4. Qattiq jismning qo‘zg‘almas o ‘q atrofidagi aylanma harakat qonu
ni yoki tenglamasini yozing.
5. Burchak tezligi va burchak tezlanishi nima? Ularning oMchov bir-
liklari qanday?
6. Chiziqli tezlik qanday aniqlanadi?
7. Chiziqli tezlikning vektor ifodasi qanday?
8. Chiziqli tezlikning Dekart koordinata o'qlardagi proyeksiyalari
qanday aniqlanadi?
9. Chiziqli tezlanish nima? Uning vektor ifodasini yozing.
10. Chiziqli tezlanish vektorini Dekart koordinata o ‘qlaridagi proyek-
siyasi ifodasini yozing.
11. Q o ‘zg‘alm as o ‘q atrofida aylanayotgan qattiq jism nuqtasining
urinma va normal (markazga intilma) tezlanishi qanday ifodalanadi?
dt
Ф = f о/ + ф0
( 4 5 . 7 ) - ‘zbekist0n respublikasi oliy va ‘rta maxsus ta’lim yazirligi q‘rta maxsus, kasb-hunar...

b u n d an
со = е/ + oo0 , ф =
+ ю0/ + ф0
(45.11)
kelib chiqadi.
(45.11)
ning ikkinchi tenglam asi, tekis o ‘zgaruvchan aylan m a h a
rak at q o n u n in i ifodalaydi. A gar h a ra k a t tekis tez lan u v c h a n b o ‘lsa,
m asalani hal e tish d a
e oldidagi ishora m usbat; tekis sekinlanuvch an
b o ‘lsa, e oldidagi ish o ra m anfiy deb o linad i (83-rasm ,
b, e).
Jism h a ra k a ti tek is te z la n u v c h a n b o ‘lg a n d a
b u rc h a k tezligi va
b u rch ak tezlan ish in in g ishorasi b ir xil b o 'la d i (83-rasm ,
a, d).
4 6 - §. Q o ‘z g ‘almas o ‘q atrofida aylanayotgan jism ixtiyoriy
nuqtasining tezligi va tezlanishini tabiiy usulda aniqlash
Faraz qilaylik, jism
Oz o ‘qi atrofida ю b u rch a k tezligi bilan ay
lanayo tg an b o ‘lsin. Jism ning aylanish o ‘q id a
yotm aydigan n u q tala r
trayek to riy alari a y lan alard an iborat b o ‘ladi. M azk ur aylan alar m a r
kazi aylanish o ‘q id a yotad i. Jism n ing ixtiyoriy
M nu q tasi
tezligini
aniqlaym iz (84-rasm ).
Ключевые 
слова - Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya hisobi, iqtisodiy tahlil va auditni xalqaro...

Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya hisobi, iqtisodiy tahlil va auditni xalqaro standartlar asosida rivojlantirish muammolari va istiqbollari
QarMII konf 26-27 may 2023 (1)
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa Iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish sharoitida buxgalteriya hisobi, iqtisodiy tahlil va auditni xalqaro standartlar asosida rivojlantirish muammolari va istiqbollari
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Kosmetik preparatlarining tasnifi

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Kosmetik preparatlarining tasnifi
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bet | 58/316 | Sana | 16.01.2024 | Hajmi | 6,71 Mb. | | #138330 |
Bog'liq Toshkent farmatsevtika instituti dori turlari texnologiyasi kafeKosmetik preparatlarining tasnifi 1
Kosmetik vositalarga qo‘yilgan talablar. Bugungi kunda samarali kosmetik preparatalarini yaratish va assortimentini kengaytirish uchun yangi kimyoviy birikmalar ishlatilmoqda. Masalan, yangi organik sintez orqali olingan emulgatorlar, pastalar, bo‘yovchi va hid beruvchi modda, xom ashyolarning yangi turlari (smolalar, parda hosil qiluvchilar, mumlar va b.), SFM.
Zamonaviy kosmetologiyaning eng asosiy yo‘nalishi - kosmetik vositalarida BFM ni ishlatish, ya’ni vitaminlar, biogen stimulyatorlar, o‘simlik ekstraktlari, gormonlar, bakteritsid preparatlar, fermentlar, oqsil gidrolizatlari va ularning komplekslari. Bu yo‘nalish juda istiqbolli bo‘lib kasalliklarni oldini olish va davolashda, ayniqsa kosmetik defektlarni yo‘qotishga imkon beradi.
Agar kosmetik vositalarni uzoq vaqt va doimiy ishlatilsa, unda kimyoviy moddalar epidermis orqali, soch follikulalari va yog‘ bezlarining chiqarish orqali so‘rilib juda ko‘p terida o‘zgarishlar namoyon bo‘ladi, ayrim paytda butun organizmning o‘ziga ham umumiy toksik ta’siri bo‘ladi. Shuning uchun sanoat miqyosida ishlab chiqarib tibbiyotda qo‘llanishi uchun faqat shunday kosmetik vositalari ishlatish uchun ruxsat beriladiki, qachonki ular tajriba va klinik tadqiqotlardan o‘tgan bo‘lib, ularning bezarar va samaradorligi isbotlangan bo‘lsa, shuningdek MDH lar ishlab chiqilgan va tasdiqlangan bo‘lsa.
Kosmetik vositalarda qo‘llaniladigan komponentlar TST (OST) va DF talablariga to‘g‘ri kelishi va javob berishi kerak.
Yangi kosmetik vositalari va yangi komponentlar sinalyotganda albatta preparatning zararsizligi aniqlanadi (o‘tkir va surunkali toksik xususiyati), qizartirish, yallig‘lanish, allergiya va o‘ziga xos ta’sir ko‘rsatmasligi o‘rganiladi. Undan tashqari preparatning kanserogen va teratogen ta’sirlari to‘g‘risida ma’lumot bo‘lishi shart.
Kosmetik vositalar retsepturasida yangi kimyoviy birikmalar bo‘lsa ular umumiy qabul qilingan usullarda toksikologik baholanishi, ularning zaharliligi, turi va asosiy parametrlari keltirilishi lozim. Ular qatorida butun retsepturaning toksikologiyasi o‘rganilgan bo‘lishi kerak.
Kosmetik vositalari sinalganda umumiy baholanishidan tashqari yana ularni silliq teriga surtilganda (masalan krem va losonlar):
izotop usuli yoki boshqa usullar yordamida teri bar’eri to‘sig‘ining moddalar o‘tkazuvchanligi;
gistologik, gistokimyo, gistoradiografiya va elektron mikroskop usullarida teri strukturasiga ta’sirini;
biokimyo ko‘rsatkichlarini;
terini pH va haroratga reaksiyasini o‘rganish lozim.
Kosmetik vositasini keng ommaga ishlatilishi haqidagi yo‘riqnomani farmakologiya markazi taqdim etilgan xujjatlar asosida ko‘rib chiqadi. Kosmetik mahsulotlari texnologik reglament asosida ishlab chiqariladi va albatta DST 29189-91 (texnologiyasiga talablar va retsepturasi O‘zR SSV ning tasdiqlangan) SaNPiN 0152-04 qoidalariga rioya qilinishi kerak.
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Darsni yakunlash - Boshqarmasi

82
2. O‘tgan mavzuni so‘rash:
Test savollari bilan ishlash
1. Quyidagi jumlada nuqtalarni o‘rnini mos ravishda to‘ldiring.
Qattiq moddalarning suvda eruvchanligi temperatura ortishi bilan ...., chunki qattiq
moddalar eriganda issiqlik ...
A) ortadi, ajraladi; B) kamayadi, ajraladi; C) ortadi, yutiladi; D) kamayadi,
yutiladi.
2. Quyidagi jumlada nuqtalarni o‘rnini mos ravishda to‘ldiring.
Gaz moddalarni eruvchanligi temperatura ko‘tarilganda harorat pasayganda
gazlarning eruvchanligi...
A) o‘zgarmaydi, ortadi; B) ortadi, kamayadi; C) kamayadi, ortadi; D) ortadi,
o‘zgarmaydi.
3. Eritma tarkibidagi erigan modda miqdoriga ko‘ra qanday eritmalarga bo‘linadi?
A) To‘yingan va to‘yinmagan; B) to‘yingan, to‘yinmagan, o‘ta to‘yingan;
C) o‘ta to‘yingan, to‘yinmagan; D) o‘ta to‘yingan, to‘yingan.
3. Yangi mavzuni tushuntirish.
1-masala: NaNO
3
ning 25
o
C dagi eruvchanlik koeffitsiyenti 91,6 ga teng. Shu
temperaturada 500 g suvga necha gramm NaNO
3
qo‘shilsa, to‘yingan eritma
hosil bo‘ladi?
Masalaning yechimi: NaNO
3
ning eruvchanligi (100 g erituvchida eng ko‘pi bilan
erishi mumkin bo‘lgan tuz massasi) 91, 6 g ga teng ekan. To‘yingan eritma hosil
qilish uchun 100 g suvga 91,6 g tuz qo‘shilishi ma’lum bo‘lsa, 500 g suvga qanday
massadagi tuz qo‘shish kerakligini aniqlaymiz:
Dars jihozi - Boshqarmasi

87
Foiz konsentratsiya eritma massasini necha foizini erigan modda tashkil qilishini
ko‘rsatadi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda 100 g eritmani tarkibida necha gramm erigan
modda borligini ko‘rsatadi. Masalan, 15 % li shakarning eritmasi deganda, 100 g
shunday eritmada 15 g shakar va 85 g suv borligini tushunamiz.
Foiz konsentratsiya C% belgisi bilan ifodalanadi. Foiz konsentratsiyani aniqlash
uchun erigan moddaning massasini (m
1
) eritmaning umumiy(erigan modda va
erituvchi massalari yig‘indisi) massasiga (m
2
) bo‘linadi. Hosil bo‘lgan sonni foizda
ifodalash uchun 100 % ga ko‘paytiriladi.
Ha(javob,dalil) - Boshqarmasi

84
27-MAVZU:
3-amaliy mashg ‘ulot . (Eruvchanlikka oid masala va misollar
yechish.)
Darsning maqsadi:
a) Ta’limiy:
Oldingi darslarda olingan bilimlarni masalalar yechish jarayonida
qo‘llashga o‘rgatish.
AK3
-O‘tilgan mavzular yuzasidan masala, mashqlarni yecha
olish.
b) Tarbiyaviy:
Amaliy jihatdan bajarish lozim bo‘lgan topshiriqlarni tartib bilan
yozishga o‘rgatish orqali estetik tarbiya berish.Xotirani chiniqtirish. Fizika va
matematika fanlari bilan bog‘liqlikni amalga oshirish.
c) Rivojlantiruvchi:
TK2-
kimyoviy elementlar va ularning birikmalari xossalariga
oid masala va mashqlarni ishlashda hisoblashlarni bajara olishga o‘rgatish.
Masalalar yechish malakasini rivojlantirish.
Dars turi:
amaliy
Dars uslubi:
aralash(amaliy, munozara va tahlil)
Dars jihozi:
topshiriqlar tarqatmalari
Darsning borishi - Boshqarmasi

85
m
(eritma)
= 400+50=450 g
2.
100 g eritma misolida olsak: 100-34=66 g (suv)
66 g suvda-34 g tuz erisa 100 g da --- x g x=
=51,5
3.
78
0
C dagi eritma massasi: M=100+40=140 g
18
0
C dagi eritma massasi m=100+10=110
Massalar farqi: ∆m=140-110=30 g (cho‘kmaga tushgan)
140 g eritma sovutilsa -30 g cho‘kma tushsa 500 g –- x g x=
=107 g
5. O‘quvchilarni baholash

|
5. O‘quvchilarni baholashBog'liq 1674214624 11-sinf Kimyo (o\'qituvchilar uchun qo\'llanma)88
5. O‘quvchilarni baholash:
O‘quvchilarni baholashda kimyoviy elementlar
belgilaridan foydalaniladi:
“5” baho; “4” baho; “3” baho.
6. Uyga vazifa:
§15 ni o‘qib-o‘rganib kelish.
29-MAVZU:
Foiz konsentratsiya mavzusiga doir masalalar va ularning
yechimi
Darsning maqsadi:
a) Ta’limiy:
Foiz konsentratsiyaga doir turli murakkablikdagi masalalar yechishga
o‘rgatish.
IXK3-
Eritmalar konsentratsiyasiga oid masalalarni yecha oladi.
b) Tarbiyaviy:
Masalalarni mantiqiy fikrlagan holda, mustaqil izlanish va qulay
usullardan foydalanib tez va to‘gri yechishga o‘rgatish orqali xotirani chiniqtorish,
ekologik, estetik, iqtisodiy va mehnat tarbiyasini berish.
c) Rivojlantiruvchi:
Masalalar yechish malakasini rivojlantirish.
TK2-
o‘rganilgan
bilimlar asosida hisoblashlarni bilish va fan-texnika yangiliklaridan xabardor
bo‘lish
Dars turi:
yangi bilim va tushunchalarni shakllantiruvchi dars
1-GURUH
1. 25 g NaCl 100 g suvda eritilishidan hosil
bo‘lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini (%)
aniqlang.
2. 20 g KNO3 180 g suvda eritilishidan hosil
bo‘lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini (%)
aniqlang.
3. 36 g NaCl ni necha gramm suvda eritilganda
25 %li eritma hosil bo‘ladi?
2-GURUH
3. 36 g NaCl ni necha gramm suvda eritilganda
25 %li eritma hosil bo‘ladi?
4. 80 g NH4NO3 ni necha gramm suvda
eritilganda 20 %li eritma hosil bo‘ladi?
5. 450 g suvda necha gramm K2SO4 eritilsa 10
% li eritma hosil bo‘ladi?
3-GURUH
6. 280 g suvda necha gramm KBr eritilsa 30 %
li eritma hosil bo‘ladi?
7. 10 % li KNO3 eritmasidan 250 g tayyorlash
uchun necha gramm tuz va necha gramm suv
kerak bo‘ladi?
8. 15 % li NaNO3 eritmasidan 150 g tayyorlash
uchun necha gramm tuz va necha gramm suv
kerak bo‘ladi?
4-GURUH
8. 15 % li NaNO3 eritmasidan 150 g tayyorlash
uchun necha gramm tuz va necha gramm suv
kerak bo‘ladi?
9. 0,25 mol Na2SO4 164,5 g suvda eritilishidan
hosil bo‘lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini
(%) aniqlang.
10. 0,4 mol KCl 120,2 g suvda eritilishidan
hosil bo‘lgan eritmaning foiz konsentratsiyasini
(%) aniqlang.
|
| |
Yechish. Shtift bilan 2-g‘ildirak tishlashgan nuqtalarining chiziqli 
tezliklari b ir-b irig a teng:
Vx = V 2=

4 - g ‘ildirak b u rch ak tezligi strelka b u rch a k tezligiga teng.
D em ak,
/5
щ
cost = co
4 = -CO3 = - 2^
n ,
s m —/.
(50.10)
t = 1 s b o ‘lganda со = со = 0,2355 s
1 b o ‘ladi.
3- va 4 -g ‘ildiraklar tash q i to m o n d a n tish lash g an b o 'lg an i uch u n
cost y o ‘nalish i eo
3 ga qarshi b o 'lad i.
Strelkaning b u rch ak tezlanishi: est
с/со-,
" 2'i
Я
-COS — /.
dt
8 r2 /4
4
t=
1 s da sst= —0,18 s-2 b o 'lad i.
3 - g ‘ild ira k t o ‘g ‘in id a y o tu v c h i n u q ta tez lig i (50.9) fo rm u la g a
k o ‘ra aniqlanadi:
V3 = - ^ L s i n
2r2
4
t = l sekund b o ig a n d a
V3 = —3,3 sm /s b o 'la d i.
(50.8)
dan vaqt b o 'y ic h a hosila olsak, 3 -g ‘ildirak b u rch a k tez la
nishi kelib chiqadi:
e 3
71
*
-co s—/ .
8r2
4
t = \ s da
e
3 = —0,06 s~2.
3 - g ‘ild ira k t o ‘g ‘in id a y o tu v ch i n u q ta n in g u rin m a , n o rm a l va
t o ‘la tezlan ish i quyidagicha aniqlanadi:
V(aJ
)3 + « ) 2 '
<50" >
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI 1. Рахимов А., Эшонкулов Ж. САНОАТ КОРХОНАЛАРИДА ИШЛАБ
ЧИҚАРИШНИНГ ИҚТИСОДИЙ ҚУВВАТИНИ ОШИРИШ МЕХАНИЗМИ
//Экономика и образование. – 2022. – Т. 23. – №. 6. – С. 390-395.
2. A.N.Rakhimov, J.S. Eshonqulov Improving the mechanism of increasing the
economic power of industrial enterprises on the base of econometric models.
“Экономика и социум” за публикацию в международном научно-практичиском
журнале. ISSN 2225-1545. 17.10.2022. выпуск № 10(101) 2022.
3. Makhmanazarovna R. M. The importance of a synergy approach to teaching
an econometics in the direction of the economy //international conference on
multidisciplinary research and innovative technologies. – 2021. – Т. 2. – С. 5-7.
4. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Davlat Statistika qo‘mitasi ma’lumotlari.
5. Qashqadaryo viloyat Statistika boshqarmasi ma’lumotlari.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ВОПРОСЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ Ибрагимов Гайратжон Артикович к.э.н., доцент Ташкентского финансового института Аннотация В статье рассматриваются вопросы кибербезопасности при цифровизации
экономики и всех сторон общественной жизни в Республике Узбекистан.
Изучены факторы, влияющие на обеспечение безопасности органов
управления, хозяйствующих субъектов, населения при осуществлении
деятельности с широким внедрением цифровых технологий. Выделяются
способы обеспечения кибербезопасности, условия создания мер для
предотвращения разного рода угроз посредством разработки и опубликования
908
национальной
доктрины
кибербезопасности
Республики
Узбекистан.
Приведены задачи, комплексное решение которых позволят создания условий
для включения Республики Узбекистан в рейтинг Digital Evolution Scorecard и
завоевания в нем достойного места.