nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Ma’lumotlar bazasini tashkil qilish tamoyillari

77
o’zgartirishda, yo dasturni almashtirish yoki ma’lumotlarni qaytadan tuzish
zaruriyati yuzaga keladi.
Murakkab axborotlarni ishlab chiquvchilar duch kelgan bu va boshqa
qiyinchiliklari ma’lumotlar ustida amal bajarish uchun tizimlarga nisbatan standart
talablarning shakllanishiga olib keldi. Asosiy talablardan biri - ma’lumotlarning iloji
boricha mustaqil yoki axborot tuzilmasini fizik tushunchalardan alohidaligini
ta’minlash. Bunda hamma ma’lumotlar ko’p foydalanuvchilar kirishi mumkin
bo’lgan holda ba’zi standart ichki tuzilishli qilib saqlanadi [26].
Axborotga bo’lgan talablarning turli-tumanligi, masalalar ko’lamining tobora
ortib borishi va boshqalar zamonaviy AT lari oldiga bir qator talablar qo’ymoqda.
Bunday talablar jumlasiga quyidagilar kiradi:
Ma’lumotlarning aniqligi
. Ma’lumki, ma’lumotlar bazasi tegishli sohaning
axborot modelini tashkil qiladi. SHu sababli ham MB da saqlanayotgan axborotlar
ob’ektlarning holati, xususiyati va ular o’rtasida aloqalarni to’liq va aniq ifodalash
lozim. Aks holda tashkil qilingan MB xatarli bo’lishi va zarar keltirishi mumkin.
Tezkorlik va unumdorlik - Axborot tizimlari

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Axborot tizimlariBog'liq 21-Axborot-tizimlari-2013-oquv-qollanma-R.X.Alimov-va-bosh abdumajidTezkorlik va unumdorlik
. Tizimning tezkorligi qo’yilgan talabga javob
berish vaqti bilan aniqlanadi. Bunda nafaqat EHM ning tezkorligini, balki
ma’lumotlarning joylanishi, izlash usullari, talabning qiyinligini va boshqa olimllarni
ham hisobga olish zarur. Tizimning umumdorligi esa vaqt birligi ichida bajarilgan
talablarning miqdori orqali aniqlanadi.
Ma’lumotlar bazasidan foydalanishning odiyligi va qulayligi
. Bu talab
tizimdan foydalanuvchi barcha is’temolchilar tomonidan qo’yiladi. SHu sababli ham
MB dan foydalanishning oson, sodda va qulay usullarini yaratish muhim ahamiyatga
ega.
Ma’lumotlarni himoyalash
. Tizim ma’lumotlar bazasida saqlanilayotgan
axborot va dasturlarni tashqi ta’sirlardan, begona foydalanuvchilardan himoyalashni
ta’minlashi lozim.
Tizimning rivojlanishi
. Tizim tarkibi doimo yangi elementlar, dasturlar bilan
taxminlanishi, axborot massivlari o’zgartirilishi va yangilanib borishi zarur.
YUqorida keltirilgan talablarga javob beradigan MB quydagi tamoyillarga
asoslangan holda tashkil qilinishi mumkin:
Ma’lumotlarning integratsiyalashtirish
tamoyili
. Bu tamoyilning
mohiyatiga ko’ra o’zaro bog’lanmagan axborotlar yagona ma’lumotlar bazasiga
birlashtiriladi. Buning natijasida ma’lumotlar foylalanuvchi va uning amaliy
dasturlariga axborot massivlari ko’rinishida taqdim etiladi. Axborat massivlaridan
foydalanilganda kerakli ma’lumotlarni qidirish, qayta ishlash jarayonlarini boshqarish
osonlashadi, ma’lumotlarning ortiqchaligi kamayadi, Ma’lumotlar bankii yuritish
engillashadi.
Ma’lumotlarning yaxlitligi tamoyili
. Bu tamoyil orqali MBda saqlanayotgan
axborotlarning aniqligi ortadi, ya’ni ularning xususiyatlari va tavsifnomalari tegishli
soha ob’ektlari to’liq ifodalaniladi. Ma’lumotlarning yaxlitligi noto’g’ri axborotni
kiritish yoki uning ma’lum bir qismini xotiradan o’chirib tashlash natijasida buzilishi
mumkin. SHuning uchun ham kiritilayotgan axborotlarni nazorat qilish,
saqlanayotgan ma’lumotlarni doimo tekshirish, maxsus tizim yordamida tiklash va
boshqa tadbirlar orqali MB ning yaxlitligini taxminlash mumkin.
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Ustun
ma’lumotlarining ba’zi tarkibiy qismi − 
atributga

84
tayanadi. Ko’plab domenlar{D
i
} belgilangan R munosabat deb, D
1
D
2
D
3
...... D
n
domenlarini
dekart (bevosita) ishlab chiqaruvchi ko’plikka
aytiladi.
R munosabat = {K1, K2..........}
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
d11
d21
d31
d41
D51
d61
d12
d22
K2 korteji
d62
d13
d23
d33
d43
d
d63
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
o
m
e
n
.....
.....
.....
.....
5.5-rasm. R - relyatsion jadval munosabatning tasviri
Jadval-munosabat ma’lumotlar tarkibiy qismi atributlar (A1, A2, .....) nomiga
ega bo’lgan ustunlarni o’z ichiga olgan d atributlarning mazmuni jadvalning asosiy
qismida joylashgan bo’lib satrlar va ustunlarni tashkil qiladi. Bir ustunda atributlar
mazmunining ko’pligi
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR

BO‘LAJAK BIOLOGIYA O‘QITUVCHILARINING METODIK KOMPETENTLIGINI
TAKOMILLASHTIRISHDA INNOVATSION DASTURIY VOSITALARDAN
FOYDALANISHNING PEDOGOGIK ASOSLARI
Salimova Sarvinoz Farxodovna,
Buxoro davlat pedagogika instituti, Tabiiy fanlar kafedrasi
dotsenti, pedagogika fanlari bo‘yicha falsafa doktori (PhD)
sarvinoz8915@gmail.com
Shamsiyeva Shaxrizabonu Rustamovna,
BuxDPI Tabiiy fanlar kafedrasi
magistranti,
shamsiyevashaxrizabonu@gmail.com
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak biologiya o‘qituvchilarini metodik kompetentligini
takomillashtirishning dolzarbligi, biologiya fanidan dars jarayonida innovatsion, axborot kommunikativ
texnologiyalardan va zamonaviy pedagogik usullardan samarali va keng foydalanish va amaliyotga joriy
etish hozirgi zamon talabi ekanligi haqida bayon etiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
innovatsion texnologiyalar, kasbiy faoliyat, axborot kommunikativ texnologiyalar,
kompetentlik.
Guruhli kreditlash - 1-mavzu: Biznesga kirish Reja: Biznesga kirish yo'llari

Guruhli kreditlash
Garchi uzoq vaqtdan beri guruhlarga kredit berish mikrokreditlashning muhim qismidir,[iqtibos kerak] mikrokredit dastlab jismoniy shaxslarga kredit berish printsipidan boshlandi.[12] 1970-yillarda Jobra birdamlik doiralaridan foydalanganiga qaramay, Gramin banki va boshqa dastlabki mikrokredit tashkilotlari dastlab individual kredit berishga yo'naltirilgan.[13] (Hamjihatlik doirasi - bu qarz oluvchilar guruhi bo'lib, ular o'z vaqtida rag'batlantiruvchi, ma'lumot beradigan va yordamga muhtoj paytlarda yordam beradi, ammo kreditlar shaxslarning zimmasida qoladi.[19][20])Haqiqatdan ham, Muhammad Yunus har bir insonning tadbirkor bo'lish imkoniyatiga ega ekanligi haqidagi tushunchani targ'ib qildi. Yunus qashshoqlikni yo'q qilishni shaxsning qo'lida deb bildi. Shu sababli u xususiy mulkchilikni va natijada neoliberalizmni targ'ib qildi. o'lchov iqtisodiyoti, chunki kreditlar jismoniy shaxslarga emas, balki guruhlarga taqsimlanganda, kreditlarni monitoring qilish va to'lashni ta'minlash bilan bog'liq xarajatlar sezilarli darajada past bo'ladi.[13] Guruhli kredit berishning bir ishtirokchisiga ko'p marta beriladigan kredit boshqa a'zoning muvaffaqiyatli to'lashiga bog'liq bo'lib, mikrokredit tashkilotlari zimmasidagi qarzni to'lash majburiyatini kredit oluvchilarga o'tkazadi.[13]
Ayollarga kredit berish
Mikrokreditlashda ayollarga kredit berish muhim printsipga aylandi, banklar va NNTlar BancoSol kabi, WWBva Pro Mujer faqat ayollar uchun ovqatlanish.[13] Pro Mujer shuningdek mikrokreditlarni sog'liqni saqlash xizmatlari bilan birlashtirishning yangi strategiyasini amalga oshirdi, chunki ularning mijozlari sog'lig'i mikrokreditlarning muvaffaqiyati uchun juda muhimdir.[21] Dastlab Grameen Bank erkaklar va ayollarga teng stavkalar bilan qarz berishga harakat qilgan bo'lsa-da, hozirgi kunda ayollar bank mijozlarining to'qson besh foizini tashkil qiladi. Ayollar butun dunyo bo'ylab mikrokredit oluvchilarning etmish besh foizini tashkil etishda davom etmoqda.[13] Xotin-qizlarga eksklyuziv kredit berish 1980-yillarda Grameen banki ayollarning to'lov stavkalari yuqoriligini va erkaklarnikiga qaraganda kichikroq kreditlarni olishga moyilligini aniqlagandan so'ng boshlandi.
42-mavzu: Boshlang‘ich kapitalni shakllantirish bo‘yicha kreditlar
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FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI

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FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATIBog'liq talim transformatsiyasiFOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI:
1.Salimova.S.F Shamsiyeva.Sh.R
Роль инновационных технологий на уроках биологии.
Муғаллим ҳәм үзликсиз билимлендириў.
2.Salimova.S.F Improving the professional competence of future biology teachers.
3.
Salimova.S.F Ergasheva G
Stages of formation of professional competence of students.
4. Oʻsarov.Sh.A Metodik kompetentlik boʼlajak oʼqituvchining kasbiy oʼsishining asosi sifatida.
Fan, ta’lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi.
WORDS, PHRASES, AND COMBINATIONS CREATED ARTIFICIALLY
IN UZBEK LANGUAGE USING THE WORD "MARKET"
Hikmatova Nigina Akmalovna, Buxoro davlat pedagogika instituti o‘qituvchisi
hikmatovanigina@gmail.com
Abstract. The term "market" is used to create artificial words, phrases, and combinations in
Uzbek. Words that are borrowed from English are synonymous with it. Words and phrases created
with the word "market" integrated into them reveal their literal and figurative connotations. The
article discusses the artificial words, combinations, and phrases formed in Uzbek language with the
participation of the word "market." Synonymous with this word are words borrowed from English.
Key words: market, word, artificial word, phrase, expression, agoronym, agoropoetonim,
antonym, synonym, assimilation word.
СЛОВА, ФРАЗЫ И КОМБИНАЦИИ, СОЗДАННЫЕ ИСКУССТВЕННО
В УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СЛОВА «РЫНОК»
Хикматова Нигина Акмаловна, преподаватель Бухарского государственного
педагогического института, hikmatovanigina@gmail.com
Аннотация. Термин «рынок» используется для создания искусственных слов,
словосочетаний и сочетаний в узбекском языке. Слова, заимствованные из английского языка,
являются его синонимами. Слова и словосочетания, созданные с интегрированным в них
словом «рынок», раскрывают свой прямой и переносный смысл. В статье рассматриваются
искусственные слова, сочетания и словосочетания, образованные в узбекском языке с
участием слова «рынок». Синонимами этого слова являются слова, заимствованные из
английского языка.
Ключевые слова: рынок, слово, искусственное слово, словосочетание, выражение,
агороним, агоропоэтоним, антоним, синоним, слово-ассимиляция.
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ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ

texnologiyalaridan samarali foydalanish imkonini beruvchi bilim, koʻnikma va malakalar tizimiga ega
boʻlishi lozimligini
taqozo etadi. Metodik kompetentsiya boʼlajak oʼqituvchilarning kasbiy oʼsishi uchun mustahkam
poydevor boʼlib xizmat qiladi. U oʼqitish jarayonlarini samarali
rejalashtirish, amalga oshirish va baholash uchun zarur boʼlgan bilimva koʼnikmalarni oʼz ichiga oladi.
Kuchli metodik kompetentsiyaga ega boʼlgan oʼqituvchi oʼquvchilarining individual ehtiyojlarini qondira
oladi, izchil dars rejalarini ishlab chiqadi, oʼquvchilarning yutuqlarini toʼgʻri baholaydi va
rivojlanayotgan taʼlim amaliyotiga moslashadi. Boʼlajak oʼqituvchilar oʼz metodik kompetensiyasini
doimiy ravishda rivojlantirib borish orqali taʼlimning doimiy rivojlanib borayotgan sohalarida samarali
faoliyat olib borishlari.
Xulosa qilib aytadigan boʻlsak, oʻqitishning innovatsion usullari va zamonaviy texnologiyalaridan
foydalanish boʻlajak oʻqituvchilarga nafaqat bilim va koʻnikmalarni, balki ijodiy fikrlash qobiliyatini,
moslashuvchanlik va uzluksiz rivojlanishga tayyorlikni oshirishga imkon beradi. Asosiy eʼtibor
oʻqituvchining kasbiy oʻsishi va oʻzini oʻzi tarbiyalashni shakllantirish muhimligiga qaratiladi. Shunday
qilib, metodik kompetensiyani rivojlantirish oʻqituvchilarga oʻquv jarayonining vazifalarini samarali hal
qilishga va doimiy oʻzgaruvchan muhitga muvaffaqiyatli moslashishga imkon beradi. Bularning barchasi
zamonaviy jamiyatda yuqori sifatli taʼlim va muvaffaqiyatli pedagogik faoliyat uchun zaruriy shartdir.
Innovatsion dasturiy vositalar bo‘lajak biologiya o‘qituvchilarining metodik kompetensiyani
rivojlantirishda samarali natija beradi.
SUN'IY YARATILGAN SO'ZLAR, IBORALAR VA BIRAKISHLAR

phrases in the Uzbek language with the word market. One of them is the confusion market
combination, which means that the market is usually organized with noise, hustle and bustle.
Another phrase formed with the participation of the word "market" is a combination of
"stagnant", which means something or goods that are not sold in the market. The phrase "the market
does not raise (the price is much more higher than in the market)" is also close to it, it is used to mean
that the price of something does not correspond to the market price, that no one is a buyer because of
the high price or need for it. Sometimes the phrase is used figuratively to mean "others don't like it."
It is also important when you go to the market. Because, usually at the beginning of the market,
the price is set a little cheaper to attract customers. The market high price rises, and finally the price
falls in the market. With this in mind, gradunomic expressions have been formed among the people
to inform about it. For example, the
beginning of the market (the market is still sluggish), the rise of
the market
means that it has reached its peak, and finally the market means the
end of the market
.
Market expiration is also expressed by the term
market return
.
It matters when you visit the market as well. Because prices are typically set slightly lower at
the start of a market to draw in clients. The market price eventually declines as the high price climbs.
Gradunomic expressions have emerged amid the populace to inform about it in light of this. For
instance, during the market's inception (it is still sluggish), at its height (it has achieved its zenith),
and at its conclusion (it is the end of the market). The word "market return" also refers to market
expiration.
In the big cities, the
markets
lasted a long time, and their activities lasted from early morning
till night. Accordingly, words and phrases such as evening market, night market, noctural market, and
bazaarshab (night bazaar during uraza) are formed in the speech to indicate that they differ in terms
of working hours.
Markets also vary in structure and appearance. Accordingly, they have such types as
Mundarija - 1-mavzu: Biznesga kirish Reja: Biznesga kirish yo'llari

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1-mavzu: Biznesga kirish Reja: Biznesga kirish yo'llari
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bet | 75/111 | Sana | 22.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,62 Mb. | | #250627 |
Bog'liq 1-mavzu Biznesga kirish Reja Biznesga kirish yo\'llari-fayllar.orgMundarija
1 Tarix
2 Printsiplar
3 Misollar
3.1 Bangladesh
3.2 Hindiston
3.3 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
3.4 Internet orqali "peer-to-peer" kreditlash
4 Mikrokreditlarning ta'siri
5 Yaxshilash
6 Shuningdek qarang
7 Adabiyotlar
8 Qo'shimcha o'qish
9 Tashqi havolalar
Tarix
Mikrokredit bilan bog'liq g'oyalarni zamonaviy tarixning turli davrlarida topish mumkin, masalan Starr-Bowkett jamiyati.[iqtibos kerak] Jonathan Swift 18-19 asrlarda Irlandiyaning kredit mablag'larini ilhomlantirdi.[9] 19-asr o'rtalarida, Individualist anarxist Lysander Spooner qashshoqlikni engillashtirish usuli sifatida kambag'allarga tadbirkorlik faoliyati uchun ko'plab kichik kreditlarning afzalliklari haqida yozgan.[10] Taxminan bir vaqtning o'zida, lekin mustaqil ravishda Spooner-ga, Fridrix Vilgelm Raiffeisen qishloqda fermerlarni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun birinchi kooperativ kredit banklarini tashkil etdi Germaniya.[11]
Komilla modeli
Komilla modeli
1950-yillarda, Axtar Xamid Xon guruhga yo'naltirilgan kreditni taqsimlashni boshladi Sharqiy Pokiston. Xon Comilla Modelidan foydalandi, unda kredit jamoatchilik asosidagi tashabbuslar orqali taqsimlanadi.[3] Loyiha Pokiston hukumatining haddan tashqari aralashuvi tufayli muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi va jamoalar ichida tashkil qilingan ierarxiyalar ma'lum a'zolari boshqalarga qaraganda kreditlar ustidan ko'proq nazorat qila boshladilar.[3]
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Л И Т Е Р А Т У Р А - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

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Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjumanBog'liq Сборник докладов международной научно техической конференции 21 Л И Т Е Р А Т У Р А
1.
Каримов А.С., Абдуллаев Б.А., Алимов А.А., Бегматов Ш.Э. Обобщенная
модель нелинейной индуктивности. Известия высших учебных заведений
«Энергетика», № 1. Минск. 1992 г. - с. 55-59.
2.
Абдуллаев Б.А., Алимов А.А. Анализ феррорезонансно-полупроводникового
стабилизатора напряжения с питанием от источника постоянного тока. Узбекский
журнал проблемы информатики и энергетики, № 3, Ташкент. 2000 г. - с. 28-31.
3.
Alimov, A. et al. (2021) ‗Relationship between mains costs and voltage switches‘,
E3S Web of Conferences, 289, p. 07035. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202128907035.
4.
Kabulov, R.R., Akbarov, F.A. and Alimov, A.A. (2023) ‗Time of transition
processes in a CDS-cigs structural solar cells in the short-wave part of the absorption
spectrum at different loading resistances‘, Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry,
Mathematics, 14(1), pp. 127–131. doi:10.17586/2220-8054-2023-14-1-127-131.
5.
Alimov, A. et al. (2021a) ‗Relationship between mains costs and voltage
switches‘, E3S Web of Conferences, 289, p. 07035. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202128907035.
6.
Hoshimov, F.A., Bakhadirov, I.I., Alimov, A.A., Erejepov M. T. (2020)
‗Forecasting the electric consumption of objects using artificial neural networks‘, E3S
Web of Conferences, 216, p. 01170. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202021601170.
7.
Taslimov, A.D., Melikuziev M.V., Najimova A.M., Alimov A.A. (2020)
‗Economic load intervals for selection of cable sections for Agricultural purpose‘, E3S
Web of Conferences, 216, p. 01159. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202021601159.
8.
Alimov A.A et al. (2020) ‗Selections of undefined Lagrange multipliers in the
planning of short-term hydrothermal power system modes‘, International Journal of
Advanced
Health
Science
and
Technology,
2(5),
pp.
1548–1553.
doi:10.35882/ijahst.v2i5.
9.
Alimov A.A et al. (2020) ‗Determination of the optimal parameters of power
distribution networks by the method of criterion analysis‘, International Journal of
Advanced Science and Technology, Vol. 29, No. 11s, pp. 1758–1583.
10.
Alimov A.A et al. (2020) 'Methods of phase, chain analysis and calculation of
electric consumption of complex objects with interproduction relations', International
Journal of Advanced Science and Technology.Vol. 29, No. 11s, (2020), pp. 1386-1393
11.
Alimov A.A et al. (2020) 'Determination of the optimal parameters of power
distribution networks by the method of criterion analysis', International Journal of
Advanced Science and TechnologyVol. 29, No. 11s, (2020)
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-2 sinflarda sinfdan tashqari o‘qish darslarini tashkil etishda

294
(keyingilarining foydasiga) olib keladi. Shu tariqa, uzviylik asosida tashkil
etilgan integratsiya tabiiy fanlar ta‘limi mazmunini insonparvarlashtirishning
asosiy mexanizmi sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi.
Sinfdan tashqari o‘qish darslarini atrofimizdagi olam, ya’ni tabiatshunoslik
fani bilan uzviylikda o‘tish, kichik yoshdagi o‘quvchilar ongida o‘qiyotgan asar
matnini real tasvirlash va ongli tushunib yetish imkonini beradi.
Yangi didaktik tizimni ishlab chiqishda dunyoni yaxlit idrok etish, tizimli
tafakkur va «tabiat – inson» tizimini aksiologik jihatdan baholash dastlabki
ko‘zda tutilgan maqsad bo‘lib hisoblanadi. Bunday yondashuvda o‘qitishdagi
ilmiylik tamoyili butunlay yangicha sifat kasb etadi. Ilmiylik mezonlarida
zamonaviy ilmiy uslubda fikrlashning bilimlar oldidagi shubhasiz ustunligi
hisobga olinadi.
-2 sinflarda sinfdan tashqari o‘qish darslarini tashkil etishda

299
1. Boshlang’ich ta‘lim darslarini interfaol metodlar asosida tashkil etish
borasidagi yagona maqsadning qaror topganligi.
2. Boshlang’ich ta‘lim darslarini interfaol metodlar asosida tashkil etish
borasidagi harakatning izchil, maqsadga muvofiq, tizimli va uzluksiz amalga
oshirilishi.
3. Boshlang’ich ta‘lim darslarini interfaol metodlar asosida tashkil etishda
mavjud shart-sharoit hamda subyektiv yondashuvlarni inobatga olish.
4. Pedagogik mahorat va iqtidorlarni erkin namoyish etish.
5. Yangi tajribalarni ommalashtirish.
6. Nazariy va amaliy faoliyat birligi.
7. Boshlang’ich ta‘lim darslarini interfaol metodlar asosida tashkil etishda
xorijiy mamlakatlarning donor tashkilotlari bilan hamkorlik va hokazolar.
Boshlang’ich ta‘lim darslarini interfaol metodlar asosida tashkil etish
jarayonidagi imkoniyatlar va tajribalarga tayanish maqsadga muvofiq ekanligi
aniqlandi. Xususan, o‘quv fanlari bo‘yicha tashkil etiladigan mashg’ulotlarning
loyihasini ishlab chiqish, boshlang’ich ta‘lim o‘quvchiilarining faoliyatlarini
nazorat qilish, ularning bilim, ko‘nikma va malakalarini baholash hamda
darslarining samaradorligini aniqlashga imkon beruvchi dasturlarni tuzishda
tabiiy fanlar o‘qituvchilarining o‘rni beqiyosdir.
Parta tanlashning yana bir muhim jihati shundaki, uning differensiyasini

100
Erisman partalariga o‘zgarishlar kiritilib,
yuqoridagi davlat standarti
bo‘yicha temir oyoqli ikki va bir o‘rinli partalar tavsiya etilmoqda.
Bunday partalarning gigiyenik afzalligi shundaki, balandligini bolalarning
bo‘yiga qarab o‘zgartirib turish mumkin, bundan tashqari, suyanchig’i
ikkita
taxtadan iborat bo‘lib, suyanganda yaxshi tayanch vazifasini o‘taydi. Hozirgi
vaqtda o‘quvchilar uchun 15 sm oralab belgilangan bo‘y balandligi qabul
qilingan, o‘quvchilar mebelning davlat standartlari shu ko‘rsatkichga
muvofiq
ishlab chiqariladi.
1-3- sinf o‘quv xonalari uchun A, B, V turdagi partalar ishlab chiqariladi.
“A” turdagi partalar bo‘yi 130 sm gacha bo‘lgan bolalar uchun, “B” turdagi
partalar bo‘yi 130-145 sm, “V” turdagi partalar bo‘yi 145-160 sm.li
bolalar
uchun mo‘ljallangan. Parta o‘rindig’ining chuqurligi son uzunligining 2/ 3-3/ 4
qismiga teng bo‘lishi lozim.
O‘rindiqning pol sathidan balandligi boldir suyagi va to‘piqning
uzunligiga hamda poyabzalning 1-2 sm poshnasi balandligining yug’indisiga
teng bo‘lishi kerak.
Parta distansiyasi degan tushuncha mavjud. Distansiya deb parta ustining

98
2- rasm
Yuqoridagi rasmda ko‘rsatilgan partalarda o‘tirish o‘quvchular uchun
noqulay bo‘ladi. O‘quvchi bunday partalarda o‘tirsa pastga egilib o‘tirishga
majbur bo‘ladi.
Nol masofadagi distansiyada parta ustining cheti bilan o‘tirg’ichning
orasida hech qanday masofa bo‘lmaydi. Parta ustining
chetidan tushirilgan
chiziq o‘tirg’ich ustining chetiga mos bo‘ladi (3-rasm). Bunday partalar ham
o‘quvchilar uchun qulay bo‘lmaydi.
3-rasm
Uchinchi, ya’ni manfiy distansiyada parta ustining cheti o‘tirg’ichning
ichiga 4sm masofada kirib turadi. Parta ustining
chetidan tushirilgan chiziq
o‘tirg’ichning ustiga tushadi (4-rasm).
99
4-rasm
Distansiyasi manfiy bo‘lgan partalar boshlang’ich sinf o‘quvchilari uchun
juda qulay bo‘lib, gigiyenik talablarga to‘liq javob beradi.
Sinfdan tashqari o‘qish darslarini rejalashtirish

292
Boshlang’ich sinflarda STO‘ darslarini rejalashtirishda quyidagilarga
asoslaniladi:
1. Mavsumiy tamoyilga va milliy an'analarimiz bilan bog’liq bo‘lishiga.
2. STO‘ darslarini sinfdan sinfga o‘tgan sari bosqichli izchillik tamoyili
asosida kengaytirib borishga.
3. Sinfda o‘qish darslarida o‘rganiladigan mavzular bilan bog’liq
bo‘lishiga.
4. Bolalar yozuvchilarining tavallud kunlari bilan bog’liq holda ularning
ijodini o‘rganishga.
5. Bolalarning qiziqishlarini hisobga olishga.
6. Adabiy jarayon bilan hamnafas bo‘lishiga.
7. STO‘ uchun beriladigan topshiriqlaniing ijodiy xarakterda bo‘lishiga.
8. O‘quvchilarda mustaqil o‘qish ko‘nikmalarining shakllanishiga e'tiborni
kuchaytirish va rahbarlik shakllarining xilma-xil bo‘lishiga.
Методы - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
93
Рис. 5. Механические характеристики асинхронного двигателя
при частотном регулировании скорости с IR-компенсацией
и в соответствии с законом регулирования
E
1j
/f
1*
= const
:
1-характеристики разомкнутой системы,
2-характеристики при наличии положительной
обратной связи по току.
Как следует из анализа рис.5, при регулировании скорости асинхронного
двигателя с законом регулирования
E
1j
/f
1*
= const
(полная IR-компенсация)
критический момент асинхронного двигателя остается постоянным а при при
наличии положительной обратной связи по току обеспечивается жесткость
характеристик.
-й рисунок. Главная - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
259
В данном проекте рассматривается строительство фотоэлектрических
солнечных станций (ФСС) установленными мощностями 100 МВт в Марыйском и
Лебапском велаятах в населенных пунктах Серхетабат и Керки, основные
полученные результаты приведены в таблице 1. Реализация данного проекта
позволяет производить в течении года 2344,95 т «зеленого» водорода.
Used Literature - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
86
3. Bogolyubov N.N, Mitropolsky Y.A. Asymptotic methods in the theory of nonlinear
oscillations. Ed. 8th Moscow Science 2008 p. 504.
4. Popov E. G Theory of nonlinear systems of automatic regulation and control. Ed. 3rd
M. Science 2011, Page 420
5. Ibadullaev M. I., Nuraliev A. K., Esenbekov A.Zh., Nazarov A.I, Resonant
electromagnetic vibration exciter with feedback. Vestnik MEI №1 2020 p. 57-60.
Moscow.
6. Chesnokov A.A. Theory and calculation of electromagnetic waves. Electricity. 1961
No. 12 p. 37-40.
7. S.H. Chowdhury, Tilliakhojaev M., Md.S.Ullah. An Analysis on Electro-Magnetic
Vibro-Exciter Fed by Non-linear Power, controlled by Velocity transducer. Journal of
Electrical Engineering, the Jnstitution of Engineers, Bangladesh. Vol. EE24, No. 1, 1996.
8. Ismailov Z. and, Halilov I.A., Ismailov A.Z. The study of push-pull exciter in forced
mode. Uzbek journal of the problem of computer science and energy. Tashkent, 2017 No.
1 Pages 58-62.
9. Nazarov A.I. Ibadullaev M.I., Tillyahodjaev M.M. Block diagram of electromagnetic
exciter with amplitude - frequency control. Journal of the Problem of Energy and
Resource Saving 2016 No. 3-4, pp. 55-59. Tashkent.
10. Antipov V.I., Efremenkov E.E. Asymptotic methods in the theory of nonlinear
oscillations. Ed. 8th. Moscow. Science. 2008 pp. 504.
11. Schegolev S.A. A. Poincare‘s small parameter method in the theory of nonlinear
oscillations. Teaching aid. Odessa ONU 2015
12. Tillyahodjaev M.M. Ibodullaev M.I. Nuraliev A.K. Synthesis of a push-pull
electromagnetic exciter, made by the differential circuit. Bulletin of Tashkent State
Technical University №4 2003 Page 57-60
the verbs in Exercise 1 - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

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Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8 Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TBthe verbs in Exercise 1.
1
After I broke my leg, I
some exercises to
make it strong again.
2
I think it’s really important to
fit, so I
a lot of exercise.
3
In my family, we
well. We have lots of
vegetables and no fast food.
4
My dad
a 5 km race last week and
finished in 35 minutes.
5
When I do a lot of exercise and spend time
outdoors I
fit and healthy.
6
After the race, my brother
a long rest.
3
Write sentences about you and your family using
the vocabulary in Exercise 1. In pairs, compare
your sentences.
1
Read the sentences below and listen to the
conversations between a boy called Jed and a
girl called Holly. Are the sentences right (
✓
) or
wrong (
✗
)?
1
Jed wants to do a 5 km race.
2
Holly can do the race with Jed.
3
Jed wants to do the race with Holly.
4
Jed is worried about the price of sports clothes
and trainers.
5
Jed is happy to get up early.
6
Jed can go cycling as well as running.
7
Jed is pleased to see Holly after the race.
VOCABULARY
EP
LISTENING
100
2
What advice did Holly give Jed? Complete Holly’s
notes with the phrases in the box.
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If necessary, point out that we use 
go 
through

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If necessary, point out that we use
go
through Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB5
If necessary, point out that we use
go
through
either
when we cross something, e.g.
the river goes through the
town
or
he went through the door
,
or when something
is all around us,
e.g.
he walked through the forest.
We
use
go along
to say we go from one part to another, e.g.
102
103
he walked along the road/beach
. Also point out that
opposite
in question 5 is the correct answer because we
need to cross the road to get there; we tend to use
in
front of
to show that something is much closer.
Answers_1_along_2_next_to_3_across_4_outside_5_opposite_6'>Answers
1 along 2 next to 3 across 4 outside 5 opposite
6
Demonstrate this activity with the class. Tell the students
that you are Person 1. Ask the class ‘Excuse me. Is there
a museum near here?’ Invite a volunteer to give you
directions.
Answers
Students’ own answers
7
As a class, brainstorm some places onto the board.
Next,
ask each student to take a piece of paper and write some
directions to one of the places on the board, starting
from the school. They should begin
Go out of the school
and …
and end
Where are you?
Encourage them to use
the expressions in Exercise 4. Then, they should write the
name of the final destination on the reverse side of the
paper. Collect in the pieces of paper.
Answers
Students’ own answers
8
Hand out new directions to each student, making sure
no one gets the original directions that they wrote.
Working in the same pairs, they take turns to listen to
their partner’s new directions and say where they take
them to.
Answers
Students’ own answers
GRAMMAR WORKSHEET UNIT 14
COOLER
Say to the class ‘I’m bored. Where should I go?’ and
encourage the students to give you an answer with
should
, e.g.
You should go to the cinema.
Then ask them to
give you directions.
Ask the students to have similar conversations in pairs
with suitable beginnings, e.g.
I’m bored; I want to do some
sport; I’m thirsty; I’m hungry; I need to buy some … .
167
GETTING AROUND TOWN
Prepositions
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Источники литературы - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

Источники литературы 1. Г. Вальтрих, М. А. М. Хендрикс и Д. Л. Дуарте, «Трехфазный
двунаправленный преобразователь постоянного тока в постоянный с шестью
параллельными ножками инвертора для приложений EV», IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., том 63, No 3, стр. 1372-1384, март 2016 г.
2. Цзун-Ю Хоу, Панг-Йен Лоу и Чуа-Чин Ван, «Состояние заряда, состояние
здоровья и мониторинг состояния функций для EV BMS», Национальный
университет Сунь Ятсена, Тайвань, 2017 г.
3. Охрименко И. В., Руденко Н. В. Донской «Анализ известных
структурных
схем
бортовых
зарядных
устройств
электромобилей»
Государственный технический университет, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская
Федерация.
УДК 338.2 ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ДЛЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА «ЗЕЛЁНОГО» ВОДОРОДА В ТУРКМЕНИСТАНЕ Б. А. Ханчаев, специалист Государственный энергетический институт Туркменистана, г. Мары, Туркменистан Izoh. Ishlab chiqilgan dasturiy taʼminot Turkmaniston energetikasini
rivojlantirishda qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan (RES) foydalanish va ―yashil‖
vodorod ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oʻrganish uchun kompleks vosita hisoblanadi.
To'g'ri matematik modellar, intuitiv foydalanuvchi interfeysi va stsenariy tahlilini taqdim
etish orqali dasturiy ta'minot energiya tizimini optimallashtirish, vodorod ishlab chiqarish
xarajatlarini hisoblash va foyda-foydani baholashni o'z ichiga olgan energiya bo'yicha
qarorlar qabul qilishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Rivojlanish texnologik ishonchlilik va amaliy
qo'llashni muvaffaqiyatli birlashtirib, mintaqaning barqaror va innovatsion energetikasini
rivojlantirish vositasini taqdim etadi.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
257
“uchburchak” - N. B. Adizova, R. X. Jumayev, R. A. Qo‘ldoshev, S. R. Ismatov ona tili o‘qitish metodikasi

104
Buning uchun sinf partasining ustiga ikki o‘quvchining har biri uchun ingichka
qiya nazorat chiziq chiziladi. Bu chiziqning ostki uchi o‘quvchilarning chap
ko‘kraklari o‘rtasida to‘g’ri bo‘lib, parta qopqog’iga nisbatan 65º qiya bo‘ladi.
Natijada hamma o‘quvchilarning oldida (partada) nazorat chiziqlar bo‘ladi.
O‘qituvchi o‘quvchilarni daftarning chetini yoki o‘rtasini shu nazorat chiziqqa
tekis qilib qo‘yishlariga erisha olsa bas. Satrlar to‘lib
borgan sari daftarni shu
chiziq bo‘ylab yuqoriga ko‘tarib borish lozim (4-rasm).
(4-rasm)
Agar daftarning chap beti to‘lsa, daftarning buklanadigan yeri nazorat
chiziqqa to‘g’rilab olinadi va o‘ng betiga yozishga o‘tiladi (5-rasm).
(5-rasm)
105
Bu usuldan bir chiziqli daftarga yozishda keng foydalanish mumkin.
Bunday nazorat chiziqlar daftarni buklashdan saqlaydi. Chunki ba’zi o‘quvchilar
o‘ziga qulaylik tug’dirish maqsadida daftarni buklab yozadilar.
Daftarning
hoshiyasiga ham e’tibor berish lozim, chunki daftarning chetida qoldirilgan joy
yozuvning tekis chiqishiga, so‘zlarni bog’inlarga
ajratishga, ayrim noto‘g’ri
yozilgan harf va uning elementlarini to‘g’ri yozib ko‘rsatishga imkon beradi.
Boshlang’ich sinf o‘quvchilari daftarni saqlashda bir oz qiyinchiliklarga
uchraydilar. Shuning uchun ularga daftar o‘lchamidan katta bo‘lgan
va qalin
materialdan ishlangan maktab sumkasidan foydalanishni tavsiya etish lozim.
O‘quvchilarni daftarga yozdirishga boshlashdan oldin ularga sana, sarlavha
va yozuvlarni qayerdan boshlab yozishni tushuntirish lozim.
Daftardagi sarlavha va yozuvlarning to‘g’ri joylanishi yozuvning sifatini
oshiradi. Noto‘g’ri qo‘yilgan sarlavha xatning sifatiga salbiy ta’sir
etadi
___________________________
IKKI
qilish; g) ma’lumot berish - N. B. Adizova, R. X. Jumayev, R. A. Qo‘ldoshev, S. R. Ismatov ona tili o‘qitish metodikasi

114
Ko‘rgazma qurollar maktab gigiyenasi qoidalariga to‘la javob bera
olishi lozim, shuning uchun yozilish sifatiga alohida ahamiyat berish zarur.
Ko‘rgazma qurollarning tashqi ko‘rinishining ham katta ahamiyati bor.
Ko‘rgazma qurollar ortiqcha bezaklarsiz bo‘lishi lozim. Agar jadval yoki
tablitsalarning chetlari har xil gullar va bezaklar bilan ishlangan bo‘lsa,
o‘quvchilar asosiy diqqatni o‘qituvchi tushuntirayotgan darsga emas,
balki
bezaklarga beradilar. Har bir ko‘rgazma qurol orqada o‘tirgan
o‘quvchilarga ham aniq ko‘rinib turishi va o‘qishga oson bo‘lishi lozim.
Maktab o‘quvchilari uchun atalgan o‘quv ko‘rgazmalari sifatli materiallardan
ishlangan bo‘lishi kerak. Qog’oz oq rangda va toza bo‘lib yaltiramasligi,
bo‘yoqlar ham ochiq rangda bo‘lib, bir xil fon bilan berilishi lozim.
Ko‘rgazma qurollar o‘qitish jarayonida bir usul sifatida xizmat qilishi
zarur. Shuning uchun ko‘rgazma qurollardan faqat zarur bo‘lgan
vaqtdagina foydalanish kerak. Ko‘rgazma qurollarni tayyorlashda uning
kompozitsion joylanishiga ham kata ahamiyat berish lozim.
O‘qishning birinchi kunidan boshlab
harflar va ularning ayrim
unsurlarini mumkin qadar tegishli ko‘rgazmalar bilan o‘rgatish lozim.
Ko‘rgazma qurollarni mayda harflar bilan xira qilib yozish mavzuni
tushunishga va o‘zlashtirishga salbiy ta’sir qiladi: o‘quvchilar harf va
belgilarning yozilishini yaxshi ko‘ra olmaydilar, natijada noto‘g’ri
ifodalaydilar.
Ko‘rgazma qurollardagi harflar aniq yozilgan bo‘lishi kerak. Ko‘rgazma
qurollarni bemalol ko‘ra oladigan darajada yirik qilib yozish lozim. Bu
masofa taxminan 6-7 metr bo‘lib, ko‘z bilan kitob o‘rtasidagi masofadan 19-20
marta uzundir. Shuning uchun jadvallarni tayyorlash vaqtida
uning harflarini
shuncha hissa yirik yozish kerak.
Har bir ko‘rgazma qurolni ehtiyotkorlik bilan saqlash zarur, ehtiyot
qilinmagan taqdirda ular tez ishdan chiqib, yozuvlari xiralashib qoladi.
O‘quvchilarga ko‘rgazma qurollarni istalgan balandlikda ko‘rsatish
uchun
qo‘llanmalar osiladigan moslamadan foydalanish mumkin (1- rasm).
115
1- rasm
Tablitsa va rasmlar shunday balandlikda osilishi kerakki, oldingi
Internetda audio axborotni ijro qilish axborot haqida tushuncha

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Bog'liq Internetda audio axborotni ijro qilish axborot haqida tushuncha-azkurs.org
Internetda audio axborotni ijro qilish axborot haqida tushuncha
Internetda audio axborotni ijro qilish
Axoborot deb inson sezgi organlari orqali qabul qiladigan barcha ma’lumotlarga aytiladi. Axborot lotincha informatio so‘zidan olingan bo‘lib, tushuntirish, biror narsani bayon qilish yoki biror narsa yoki hodisa haqidagi ma’lumot ma’nosini anglatadi.
Inson sezish a’zolari, texnikada turli asboblar va hokazolar yordamida qayd etiladigan tashqi dunyo dalillari ma’lumotlar deb ataladi. Ma’lumotlar aniq vazifalarni hal etishda zarur va foydali deb topilsa axborotga aylanadi.
Axborotning inson tomonidan qabul qilinishi
Axborotlashtirish-axborot resurslarini shakllantirish va ulardan foydalanish hisobiga fuqarolar, davlat hokimiyati va o`z-o`zini boshqarish organlari, tashkilotlar va jamoat birlashmalarining axborot sohasidagi ehtiyojlarini qondirish, huquqlarini ro`yobga chiqarish maqsadida optimal sharoitlarni yaratish uchun tashkil etiladigan ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va ilmiy-texnik jarayonlar majmui.
Informatsion jarayonlar-axborotni qidirish, yig`ish, qayta ishlash, to`plash, saqlash va tarqatish jarayoni.
Axborot tizimi (informatsion sistema)-informatsion jarayonlarni amalga oshiruvchi tartibga solingan hujjatlar hamda axborot texnologiyalari majmui.
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E’tiboringiz uchun raxmat
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Listen again and check - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

Listen again and check. buy special running clothes
watch TV and play computer games
get good trainers
go running every day
go to bed early every night
eat well and drink lots of water
go swimming or cycling
do leg exercises
get an app
have chocolate or cake
100 Holly’s notes Advice for Jed
He should 1
2
3
4
5
6
7 He shouldn’t 8
9
10
3 Compare Holly’s advice with the advice in the article. What do you think of Holly’s advice to Jed? Which advice is good and which is bad? 1 Look at the questions on an internet chat page. The people are all asking for advice. My family and I are going on a cycling
holiday soon, but I’m not very fi t. Can you
give me some advice?
I want to improve my English. It’s really bad
and I feel worried! What should I do?
Search
In pairs, think of three pieces of advice for each person. This person should/shouldn’t …
Another idea is to … It’s important to …
2 Compare your ideas with another pair’s ideas. Who gave the best advice? SPEAKING
83
HEALTHY BODIES
164 UNIT 14
AND
Places in town
1 Look at the map and find these things. bridges bus stops a playground
a roundabout streets traffic lights
2 Look at the map again and find a place where
Read the description in Exercise 4 on page 84

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Read the description in Exercise 4 on page 84 Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB1
Read the description in Exercise 4 on page 84
again and match the
prepositions
to the diagrams.
across beside/next to in front of
near opposite outside through
GRAMMAR
4
Match the sentences to the pictures.
1
Go past the train station.
2
Turn right at the traffic lights.
3
Go straight on. Don’t turn left or right at the
traffic lights.
4
The bank is on your right.
5
Drive along the road beside the river.
6
Turn left at the roundabout.
A
A
C
E
B
D
F
G
C
E
B
D
F
Listen and check. Then repeat.
5
Choose the correct preposition to complete the
sentences.
1
To get to my house, go
through
/
along
Beat
Street, turn right and it’s on your left.
2
My house is
between
/
next to
the Columbus Hotel.
3
To get to the station, walk
across
/
near
the
bridge at the end of the High Street.
4
The bus stops
before
/
outside
my house.
It brings me all the way home.
5
My house is
in front of
/
opposite
the post office.
I can cross the road and send letters and parcels
there.
6
Work with a partner. Student A, say which person
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you are on the map (1, 2 or 3). Then ask Student B

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you are on the map (1, 2 or 3). Then ask Student B Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TByou are on the map (1, 2 or 3). Then ask Student B
for directions to somewhere on the map. Student
B, give directions. Then change roles.
A:
Excuse me. Is there a supermarket near here?
7
Write some directions to places from your school.
Give the directions to your teacher to read out.
8
In pairs, listen to new directions from your
partner. Say where they take you to.
Go out of the school and turn left. Take the
first road on the right. Walk past Café Brava.
Where are you?
103
2
Look at the map on page 84. Complete each
sentence with a
preposition
.
1
The river goes
the town.
2
Hotel guests need to go
the river to go
to the museum.
3
The zoo is
the town.
4
There’s a bus stop
the hospital.
5
There’s a car park
the supermarket.
6
The bank is
the museum.
7
There are some shops
the museum.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
PAGE 151
3
Find the people on the map on page 84. Each
person wants to go somewhere. Listen to the
conversations. Where do the people want to go?
Person 1
Person 3
Person 2
102
85
GETTING AROUND TOWN
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Bog'liq {teacherscom library} EFL Grade 8 TB
I think a CD is a better idea than a book.
Oscar:
I think that a CD is perfect. Michael loves listening
to music.
Daisy:
Can we get both? A CD
and
a book?
Oscar:
That’s a great idea!
Daisy:
Let’s see. Now we just need to think about the
friends to invite and the cake!
Lola:
We can buy a cake in the shop opposite the school.
Oscar:
Hey! I have a better idea!
Daisy:
What?
Oscar:
I can
make
a cake – I love cooking!
Lola:
You do? Well, that solves that problem! Sorry,
Daisy, sorry, Oscar, I have to go. I need to help my
mum.
Daisy:
Ok! Thanks for your help. Let’s call Michael’s
parents to tell them the plan.
Oscar:
Great idea, Daisy. See you in class tomorrow! Bye!
Review 1: Units 1-4, Student’s Book page 35
1
What time do they agree to meet?
Girl 1
: Does the tennis match start at two thirty
tomorrow?
Boy 1:
Yes, but we need to be at the tennis club at two o’
clock.
Girl 1:
OK. So ... I leave home at one o’clock … see you at
the bus stop at half past one?
Boy 1:
Perfect, see you then!
2
Which instrument does Mona need to practise tonight?
Boy 2:
Can you come to my house tonight Mona? I want to
show you my new drums!
37
38
Mona:
Oh wow – new drums! I’d love to see them. But I
can’t come tonight, sorry. I need to practise for the
school concert.
Boy 2:
Are you learning a new song on the guitar?
Mona:
It’s for the piano, actually. I’m not very good yet!
3
What is Finley’s brother doing?
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)
H - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
71
полупроводниковых элементов стабилизатора за счет изменения частоты ФП по
определенному закону, например, по гиперболическому.
Проведем анализ режимов работы
феррорезонансной части
стабилизатора. Согласно ему схему замещения феррорезонансных
стабилизаторов напряжения можно представить при помощи рис. 2.8. Допустим,
что транзисторные ключи идеальны и характеристика намагничивания
нелинейной индуктивности изменяется по прямоугольной петле гистерезиса
(ППГ), а напряжение на входе ФЦ является прямоугольным переменным.
Система уравнений, описывающая физические
процессы в этой схеме,
имеет следующий вид:
Ключевые слова - Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti xalqaro ilmiy-texnik anjuman

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И
ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
81
модернизация существующих колебательных систем с переводом их в резонансный
режим позволяет значительную экономию электроэнергии и металла.
В
известных
работах
исследований
теория
электромагнитных
вибровозбудителей
колебаний,
рассмотрена
на
основе
механических
колебательных систем, взаимодействующих с преобразователем и подсистемами
управления, развита далеко недостаточно. В частности, в
существующих работах
отсутствует общая постановка задачи, не изучены влияния нелинейности,
присущих этим системам, а также многие основные вопросы взаимодействия
подсистем, примыкающих к теории систем с ограниченным возбуждением.
Недостаточно глубоко также исследованы вопросы синтеза электромеханических
систем с обратной связью, позволяющих обеспечить требуемые вибрации с целью
получения оптимальных характеристик режима колебаний.
В статье рассмотрены некоторые особенности
возбуждения колебаний в
электромеханической системе с помощью двух электромагнитов, соединенных по
дифференциальной схеме, которая позволяет расширить диапазон рабочих частот и
увеличить мощность системы.
Электромагнитная система (рис.1) состоит из двух Ш-образных
электромагнитов, имеющих жесткую связь.
Рис. 1. Дифференциальная схема соединения двух электромагнитов
Обмотки электромагнитов по дифференциальной схеме соединены с
источником переменного
тока через конденсаторы
1,
2
c c
и
образуют
колебательные контуры, в которых при определенных условиях возникает
параметрический резонанс и возбуждаются механические колебания с частотой,
отличной от частоты внешнего источника питания. Эффект взаимодействия
колебательных контуров обусловлен перемещением якоря в магнитном поле
электромагнитов.
Для выявления особенностей данной системы
рассмотрим динамику работы
двух электромагнитов ЭМ1 и ЭМ2, включенных в резонансные цепи.
Используя в целях сокращения записи двух индексное обозначение, первый
индекс которого соответствует цепи индуктивностью
1
Boy 2:
It was OK. The weather wasn’t great. It was a bit 
cold. And there weren’t many people there.
Girl 2

268 STUDENT’S BOOK AUDIOSCRIPTS
Life skills: Reaching agreement, Student’s Book page 32
Lola:
Hi, Daisy! Hi Oscar! What’s up? What are you doing?
Oscar:
Hello Lola! Well, it’s Michael’s birthday next
weekend. We’re deciding what to do.
Daisy:
We want to get him a present and organise a
surprise party.
Lola:
Great idea! Can I help?
Oscar:
Sure! Brilliant!
Daisy:
OK, let’s see. The first thing we need to decide is
the day. What do you think?
Oscar:
I think it’s a good idea to have the party on Sunday
night.
Lola:
Sunday night? Hmmm … I disagree. We have an
important maths exam on Monday morning. Maybe
another day is better.
Daisy:
I agree. Sunday is not a good day. I think Saturday
afternoon is a better idea.
Lola:
Me too!
Oscar:
OK, fine. Saturday it is.
Daisy:
Right. The next thing we need to decide is a
present.
Lola:
How about a basketball shirt?
Daisy:
That’s an awesome idea Lola!
Oscar:
Sorry, but I don’t agree. Michael has a lot of sports
clothes. I think it’s a good idea to get him a CD, or a
book.
Lola:
OK.
you can:
0 - Efl prepare Teacher's Book Grade 8

165
GETTING AROUND TOWN
14
GETTING AROUND TOWN
Unit Overview
TOPIC
Places in a town
VOCABULARY
Places in town
AND READING
A description of a town
GRAMMAR
Prepositions
READING
A trip to Edinburgh
VOCABULARY
Compound nouns
PRONUNCIATION
Compound nouns
LISTENING
A conversation about a visit to Edinburgh
WRITING
An article about a city
Resources
GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE: SB page 151; TB page 249
WORKBOOK: pages 60–63
PHOTOCOPIABLE WORKSHEETS: Grammar worksheet Unit 14;
Vocabulary worksheet Unit 14
TEST GENERATOR: Unit test 14; Term test 2
WARMER
Write
Where I live
on the board and then divide the board
into two columns with the headings
things I like
and
things I don’t like
. As a class, brainstorm one or two ideas,
e.g.:
things I like
things I don’t like
lots of parks
nowhere to go when it rains
Encourage the students to copy the table into their
notebooks and in small groups, write down some more
ideas.
ABOUT YOU
If necessary, pre-teach the difference between a village
(a rural settlement), a town (an urban area usually with
a market and a population of between 1,000 and 20,000)
and a city (an urban area usually with more people and
a cathedral and/or a university). If you did the Warmer
activity, encourage the students to use these ideas when
they ask and answer the questions.
VOCABULARY
READING
AND
Places in town
1
Ask the students to look at the map first and in pairs,
describe what they can see. Next, ask them to find
the things on the map. Check that they can say the
things correctly by asking them to listen and repeat, in