nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Few words to say about this book - bet 27

51
G
The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option would not
be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term it
might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and
occupancy rates
of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of
measures available to revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable modes
of transport to take up the baton.
H
The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is
accompanied by measures
to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However,
this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion.
It could help to achieve greater uncoupling
than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s
share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the
modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.
I
The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging
from pricing to
revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. This
integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus
make a shift of balance. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind
the historical imbalance in
favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between
road transport growth
and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.
Xarakatchan vodorod atomini saklagan boshka moddalar xam vinillanishi mumkin

|
Xarakatchan vodorod atomini saklagan boshka moddalar xam vinillanishi mumkin
|
bet | 18/23 | Sana | 18.06.2024 | Hajmi | 1,81 Mb. | | #264187 |
Bog'liq bNcRQ5LrXarakatchan vodorod atomini saklagan boshka moddalar xam vinillanishi mumkin
Masalan, butirolaktamning vinillanishidan N-vinilpirrolidon xosil buladi:
N-vinilpirrolidonning polimerlanishidan polivinilpirrolidon olinadi
(uni – gomovinil, kollidin, periston deb xam ataladi), u qon quyishda plazma urnini bosuvi preparat sifatida qo’llaniladi, sintetik plazma xam deyiladi.
VI. Kondensasiyalanish reaksiyalari
Alkinlar KOH yoki NaOH ishtirokida aldegid va ketonlar bilan kondensatsiya reaksiyasiga kirishib alkinollar hosil qiladi (A.E.Favorskiy). (agar uch bo’g zanjirning bosh yoki oxirgi tomonida joylashgan bo’lsa).
Atsetilenning formaldegid bilan o’zaro ta’siri (V.Reppe) sanoatda keng qo’llaniladigan reaksiya hisoblanadi. Chunki reaksiya mahsuloti butin -2 – diol – 1,4 dan divinil olinadi.
Atsetilen va atsetondan izopren olinadi, shu sababli bu reaksiya ham sanoat ahamiyatiga ega (A.E.Favorskiy).
- C ≡ C – C ≡ C – karbin
VII. Almashinish reaksiyasi
Atsetilenidlarning hosil bo’lishi.
Alkinlarning ≡C―H kislotalik xossalari.
Alkinlardagi ≡C―H bog’i shu uglerod atomining elektromanfiyligi katta bo’lganligi sababli, kuchli qutblangan va kuchli asos ta’sirida vodorod metal kationiga almashinib, atsetilenid ioni hosil bo’ladi:
δ- δ+
R-C≡CH + Na+NH2→RC≡CNa + NH3
Ishqorlar ta’sirida atsetilenid juda oz miqdorda hosil bo’ladi. Og’ir metall ionlari ta’sirida hosil bo’lgan atsetilenidlar chukmaga tushadi.
R-C≡CH+CuCl→↓R-C≡C-Cu + HCl
qizil – qung’ir
R-C≡CH+AgNO3→↓R-C≡C-Ag + HNO3
Alkinlar metallorganik birikmalar ta’sirida vodorodini magniyga almashtiradi:
R-C≡CH + CH3MgCl → RC≡CMgCl + CH4
Bu reaksiya J.Iosich (1902 y) tomonidan ochilgan bo’lib, alkin miqdorini aniqlash uchun qo’llaniladi. =C―H kislotalik atsetilen va monoalkil atsetilenlarga xos. Atsetilenning metallik hosilalaridan mis va kumush atsetilenidlar beqaror, temperatura ta’sirida portlovchi moddalar hisoblanadi. Atsetilenidlar turli sintezlarda ishlatiladi. Masalan, ulardagi metall ionlari turli elektrofil reagentlarga oson almashinishi mumkin. Bunday reaksiyalarga alkillash, arillash, kondensatsiyalash reaksiyalari misol bo’ladi.
1. Alkillash. Galoidalkillardan, xususan yodxosilalar, ayniqsa mis atsetilenidlari bilan reaksiyaga kirishib, ularni alkillaydi.:
R-C≡C-Cu + CH3J → R―C≡C―CH3 + CuJ
2. Arillash reaksiyasida yodarenlar ishlatiladi:
R-C≡C-Cu + C6H5J → R―C≡C-C6H5 + CuJ
3. Alkinlar KOH yoki NaOH ishtirokida aldegid va ketonlar bilan kondensatsiya reaksiyasiga kirishib, alkinollar hosil qiladi (A.E.Favorskiy).
Bu reaksiyada karbonil birikma elektrofil reagent sifatida atsetileniddagi metallning o’rnini oladi:
R-C≡C-H + KOH → R―C≡C-K + H2O
Atsetilenning gomologlari KOH ning spirtdagi eritmasida izomerlanadi (Favorskiy reaksiyasi).
|
| |
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 38/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Dasturiy ta'minot arxitekturasini loyihalashda muayyan muammoning umumiy yechimi nima bo’la oladi?
|
A. loyihalash shablonlari
|
B. dizaynni amalga oshirish uchun zarur bo'lgan retseptlar to'plami
|
C. dizayn modellari
|
D. kutubxona
|
№ 112.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Eng quyi darajadagi va eng oddiy shablonlar nima deb ataladi?
|
A. idiomalar
|
B. meʼmoriy naqshlar
|
C. strukturaviy shablonlar
|
D. generativ qoliplar
|
№ 113.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Qanday shablonlar dasturga keraksiz bog'liqliklarni kiritmasdan ob'ektlarni moslashuvchan yaratish haqida tashvishlanadi?
|
A. Hosil qiluvchi shablonlar
|
B. meʼmoriy naqshlar
|
C. strukturaviy shablonlar
|
D. xulq-atvor shakllari
|
№ 114.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 26/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Mantiqiy ma'lumotlar modeli nima?
|
A. tizimni MBBTdan mustaqil ravishda QANDAY amalga oshirish kerakligini belgilaydi. Ushbu model odatda ma'lumotlar arxitektorlari va biznes tahlilchilari tomonidan yaratiladi.
|
B. ma'lumotlar bazasini amalda joriy etish
|
C. Ushbu ma'lumotlar modeli tizim NIMALARNI o'z ichiga olganligini belgilaydi. Ushbu model odatda manfaatdor tomonlar va ma'lumotlar arxitektorlari tomonidan yaratiladi.
|
D. Ushbu ma'lumotlar modeli tizimning ma'lum bir DBMS tizimidan foydalangan holda QANDAY amalga oshirilishini tavsiflaydi. Ushbu model odatda DBA va ishlab chiquvchilar tomonidan yaratilgan.
|
№ 75.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Jismoniy ma'lumotlar modeli nima?
|
A. Ushbu ma'lumotlar modeli tizimning ma'lum bir MBBT tizimi yordamida qanday amalga oshirilishini tavsiflaydi. Ushbu model odatda ma’lumotlar bazasi admini va ishlab chiquvchilar tomonidan yaratiladi
|
B. tizimni DBMSdan mustaqil ravishda QANDAY amalga oshirish kerakligini belgilaydi. Ushbu model odatda ma'lumotlar arxitektorlari va biznes tahlilchilari tomonidan yaratiladi.
|
C. biznes tushunchalari va qoidalarini qamrab oladi va belgilaydi
|
D. Ushbu ma'lumotlar modeli tizim NIMALARNI o'z ichiga olganligini belgilaydi. Ushbu model odatda manfaatdor tomonlar va ma'lumotlar arxitektorlari tomonidan yaratiladi.
|
№ 76.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 31/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Mas'uliyatni taqsimlash matritsasi?
|
A. Loyiha tuzilmasi elementlari va tashkiliy tuzilma o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni tahlil qilish natijasida matritsa quriladi, unda loyiha tuzilmasi elementlari qatorlarga aylanadi va kompaniyaning tashkiliy tuzilmasi elementlari ustunlarga aylanadi.
|
B. Loyihaning hayot aylanish diagrammasi ishlab chiqilmoqda
|
C. yakuniy mahsulotning quyi tizimlar yoki tarkibiy qismlar bo'yicha taqsimlanishi diagrammasi, shu jumladan moddiy ta'minot, dasturiy ta'minot, axborot ta'minoti, xizmat ko'rsatish, kerak bo'lganda, hududiy taqsimlash
|
D. ishtirokchilarning barcha guruhlarini yoki loyihada ishtirok etuvchi alohida ishtirokchilarni, shu jumladan loyihani amalga oshirishdan manfaatdor boʻlgan tashqi muhitni qamrab olgan.
|
№ 92.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Sikllik algoritm nima?
|
A. algoritmning qadamlar ketma-ketligi qayta-qayta bajarilishi
|
B. bunda shartga koʻra u yoki boshqa harakatlar ketma-ketligi bajariladi
|
C. uning harakatlari boshidan oxirigacha ketma-ket bajariladi
|
D. to'g'ri javob yo'q
|
№ 93.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 32/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Tarmoqlanuvchi algoritm nima?
|
A. bunda shartga koʻra u yoki boshqa harakatlar ketma-ketligi bajariladi
|
B. uning harakatlari boshidan oxirigacha ketma-ket bajariladi
|
C. algoritm qadamlari ketma-ketligi qayta-qayta bajariladi
|
D. to'g'ri javob yo'q
|
№ 94.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Chiziqli algoritm nima?
|
A. uning harakatlari boshidan oxirigacha ketma-ket bajariladi
|
B. bunda shartga koʻra u yoki boshqa harakatlar ketma-ketligi bajariladi
|
C. algoritm qadamlari ketma-ketligi qayta-qayta bajariladi
|
D. to'g'ri javob yo'q
|
№ 95.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Aloqadorlikning nechta turi mavjud?
|
A. 7
|
B. 5
|
C. 3
|
D. 10
|
№ 96.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 33/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Hisoblash modeli nima?
|
A. kirishlar toʻplamini hisobga olgan holda chiqishlar toʻplami qanday hisoblanishini tavsiflovchi model
|
B. chiqishlar toʻplamini hisobga olgan holda kirishlar toʻplami qanday hisoblanishini tavsiflovchi model
|
C. dizayn ob'ektining oraliq yoki yakuniy tavsifi, loyihaning keyingi yo'nalishini yoki yakunini ko'rib chiqish va aniqlash uchun zarur va etarli.
|
D.
|
№ 97.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Hisoblash modellari qanday toifalarga bo'linadi?
|
A. ketma-ket, funksional va parallel
|
B. oddiy va murakkab
|
C. bir jinsli va geterogen
|
D. funksional va funksional boʻlmagan, tizimli
|
№ 98.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Ketma-ket modellarga nimalar misol bo’ladi:
|
A. Cheklangan avtomatlar, chiqarish avtomatlari, Tyuring mashinasi
|
B. Lambda hisobi, rekursiv funksiyalar, kombinatoryal mantiq
|
C. Texnologik Kan tarmoqlari, Petri tarmoqlari, Sinxron ma'lumotlar oqimi
|
D. Mavhum matnlarni qayta yozish tizimlari, O'zaro ta'sir tarmoqlari, Aktyor modeli
|
№ 99.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Atsetilenning yonish reaksiyasidan metallarni kesish va payvandlash uchun foydalaniladi

|
Atsetilenning yonish reaksiyasidan metallarni kesish va payvandlash uchun foydalaniladi
|
bet | 20/23 | Sana | 18.06.2024 | Hajmi | 1,81 Mb. | | #264187 |
Bog'liq bNcRQ5LrAtsetilenning yonish reaksiyasidan metallarni kesish va payvandlash uchun foydalaniladi.
III. BOB. Pedagogik ekspriment va uning tahlili .
Bu bobda oldingi boblarda keltirilgan ma’lumotlarga tayangan holda o‘quvchi va talabalarga dars o‘tish va ularning o‘zlashtirish samaradorligini oshirish kerakligi haqida so‘z yuritilgan. Bitiruv malakaviy ishi mavzusiga binoan axborot texnologiyalarga asoslanganligi uchun dars o‘tish mobaynida slaydlar, ekran, proektor, komputer, internet ma’lumotlaridan foydalanish katta natijalarga olib keladi. Malakaviy pedagogik amaliyot vaqtida bitiruv malakaviy ishi mavzusini qo‘llab maktab o‘quvchilariga to‘yinmagan uglevodorodlar, atsetilen qatori uglevodorodlari mavzusida dars mashg‘ulotini o‘tkazildi. Bu jarayonda bir qancha kimyoviy dasturlardan foydalanildi. Masalan: “Orbital Viewer”, “PL Table”, “Portable Virtual Chemistry Lab”, “ChemOffice Ultra”, “Isis/Draw”, “ChemPen3D”, “HyperChem” kabilardan foydalanib mavzuni tushuntirdi. “Orbital Viewer” dasturi asosida atsitien qatori uglevodorodlarning fazoviy strukturasini ekranda ko‘rsatish o‘quvchilarda nafaqat eshitish balki ko‘rish va tasavvur etish imkoniyatini ham berdi. “Portable Virtual Chemistry Lab” dasturi asosida esa atsitien qatori uglevodorodlarning oid tajribalarni virtual bajarish mumkin, buning hisobiga xavfsizlik texnikasiniga to‘liq rioya qilinishi (chunki xato yozilsa kompyuter darxol ishni to‘xtatadi), o‘qituvchi ishtirokisiz ham amalga oshirilishi va eng muhimi reaktivlarning iqtisod qilinishiga olib keldi.
“PL Table” dasturi asosida o‘quvchilarga atsitien hosil qiluvchi C va H ning davriy sistemadagi o‘rni, atom massasi, valentligi, nomlanishi, elektron tuzilishi, qaynash va suyuqlanish harorati, kim tomonidan ochilganligi, yili, ochilgan davlati va yana bir qancha ma’lumotlarni berib o‘tish mumkin. Bu dasturlar bilan o‘quvchi vaqtini tejab, tezda berilgan topshiriqlarni xatosiz bajarishi mumkin.
Endi yuqorida sanab o‘tilgan dasturlardan foydalanib o‘tilgan mashg‘ulotimni qanchalik samara berganligini aniqlash maqsadida o‘quvchilarda o‘tkazgan eksperimental va an’anaviy darslarimni taqqoslab natijasini diogramma asosida ifoddalaymiz.
|
| |
Mоdem bu Brauzerlar

“Informatika va AT” fanidan test
Mоdem bu-
Brauzerlar bu :
Internetda elektrоn pоchta adresi berilgan: user@int.skynet.org. Bu erdagi fоydalanuvchi nоmini aniklang
Elektrоn pоchtalar nimalarni junatish imknоiyatini beradi?
Qaysi prоtоkоl Internetning asоsiy prоtоkоli xisоblanadi?
Internet tarmоgida qaysi prоgrammalardan fоydalaniladi?
http://www.mysite.ru/page.htm bu :
user@company.ru bu :
TCP/IP nima? 10.Gipermatnlar tili bu :
Gipermatnli xujjatlarni kidirish va kurish prоgrammalari qanday nоmlanadi?
IP adres nuktalar bilan ajratilgan nechta sоnlar uchligidan ibоrat buladi?
Elektrоn xat qaysi malumоtga albatta ega bulishi shart?
Internetning paydо bulishi tarixi :
Internetdan tijоrat maksadida fоydalanishga kachоn ruxsat berildi?
Birinchi veb-brauzer nоmini aniklang. 17.WWW nima ?
18. Veb-sahifa yaratuvchi asоsiy til qaysi ? 19.Internetda eng kup qo`llaniladigan xizmat qaysi? 20.Veb-server nima?
Kоmpyuter internet tarmоgiga ulanish uchun zarur vоsitalar va xizmatlar qaysi javоbda to`g`ri kursatilgan?
FTP bilan HTTP ning qaysi birining imkоniyati kuprоk? 23.Fayllar uzatish prоtоkоli qaysi?
Gipermatnlar uzatish prоtоkоli qaysi ?
Sizning dustingiz chet elga ukishga ketdi, lekin siz u bilan alоkani uzmоkchi emassiz. Siz qanday kilib uning ayni vaktda internetda ishlayotganligini aniklab u bilan alоka urnata оlasiz?
sp-Gibridlangan holat qachon vujudga keladi?

|
sp-Gibridlangan holat qachon vujudga keladi?
|
bet | 13/23 | Sana | 18.06.2024 | Hajmi | 1,81 Mb. | | #264187 |
Bog'liq bNcRQ5Lrsp-Gibridlangan holat qachon vujudga keladi? sp-Gibridlangan holat - atom bilan bog’langan boshqa atomlar soni va uning bo’linmagan elektron juftlari soni 2 ga teng bo’lgandagina vujudga keladi :
sp-Gibridlangan holatlarga misollar
Metan, etilen, astetilen va etan molekulalari uchun quyidagicha:
Olinish usullari. Sanoatda.
Аtsеtilеnni elеmеntlаrdаn sintеz qilish 1860 yildа Bеrtlо tоmоnidаn оchilgаn bo’lib, reaksiya vоdоrоd аtmоsfеrаsidа uglеrоd elеktrоdlаri оrаsidаgi elеktr yoyidа аmаlgа оshаdi. Bu reaksiya tаriхiy аhamiyatgа egа.
yuqori haroratda
Mеtаn vа etаnning tеrmо- yoki elеktrо pirоlizi sаnоаtdа аtsеtilеn оlish uchun qo’llаnilаdi:
Metanni pirolizlanish reaksiyasi 1400oS da atsetilen va vodorod aralashmasi hosil bo’ladi.
2. To’yingan uglevodorodlarni termik parchalanish reaksiyalari orqali. Suyuk uglеvоdоrоdlаrning 1200-15000 dаgi pirоlizidаn аtsеtilеn оlish mеtаn krеkingidаn оsоnrоq аmаlgа оshаdi.
3. Kalsiy karbidga suv ta’sir ettirish yo’li bilan atsetilenning olinishi.
1862 y. Vеlеr tоmоnidаn оchilgаn kаrbid usuli lаbоrаtоriyadа vа tехnikаdа pаyvаndlаsh ishlаridа аtsеtilеn оlish uchun ishlаtilаdi.
Xuddi shunday SrC2 va BaC2 suv bilan reaksiyaga kirishadi.
Magniy karbiddan propin olinadi.
Laboratoriyada olinish usullari.
Digalogenli birikmalardan: Digаlоgеnхоsilаlаrdаn аjrаlish reaksiyalаri yordаmidа аlkinlаr оlish uchun хоmаshyo sifаtidа оlеfin ishlаtilаdi. Ungа аvvаl gаlоgеn tа’sir ettirib vitsinаl digаlоgеnхоsilа оlinаdi vа uni dеgidrоgаlоgеnlаb аlkin хоsil qilinаdi:
5. Atsetilenidlardan olinishi:
6.Aldegid va ketonlardan olinishi (A.E. Favorskiy reaksiyasi):
spirt
spirt
|
| |
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 29/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Detallashtirish darajasida nimalar aniqlanadi?
|
A. rejaning turli darajadagi tafsilotlari ko'rib chiqiladi va struktura elementlari darajalarining optimal soni aniqlanadi
|
B. Loyihaning hayot aylanish diagrammasi ishlab chiqilmoqda
|
C. Loyihaning mohiyati, maqsadlari va ko'lamini aniq bayon qilishni, shuningdek, loyihaning barcha yakuniy mahsulotlarini ularning xususiyatlari bilan belgilashni nazarda tutadi.
|
D. yakuniy mahsulotning quyi tizimlar yoki tarkibiy qismlar bo'yicha taqsimot diagrammasi, shu jumladan moddiy ta'minot, dasturiy ta'minot, axborot ta'minoti, xizmat ko'rsatish, agar kerak bo'lsa, hududiy taqsimlash
|
№ 88.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Jarayon tuzilmasi nima?
|
A. Loyihaning hayotiy sikli ishlab chiqiladi
|
B. ishtirokchilarning barcha guruhlarini yoki loyihaga jalb qilingan alohida ishtirokchilarni, shu jumladan loyihani amalga oshirishdan manfaatdor bo'lgan tashqi muhitni qamrab oladigan
|
C. Loyihaning mohiyati, maqsadlari va ko'lamini aniq bayon qilishni, shuningdek, loyihaning barcha yakuniy mahsulotlarini ularning xususiyatlari bilan belgilashni nazarda tutadi.
|
D. loyihani tuzishda qoʻllaniladigan kodlar tizimini ishlab chiqishni oʻz ichiga oladi
|
№ 89.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 52/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Saralash algoritmlari nima?
|
A. massivlar va fayllarni tartiblash algoritmlari
|
B. maʼlumotlarni qayta ishlash texnikasi haqida tushunchaga ega boʻlish uchun foydalaniladigan asosiy tamoyillar va metodologiyani belgilaydigan algoritmlardir.
|
C. katta maʼlumotlar toʻplamidan maʼlum elementlarni topishga moʻljallangan algoritmlardir
|
D. bular grafiklarda oʻtish va qidirish strategiyalarini amalga oshirish uchun moʻljallangan algoritmlardir
|
№ 159.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Belgilar ketma-ketligini qayta ishlashning bir qancha usullarini o'z ichiga olgan algoritmlar qanday nomlanadi?
|
A. satrlarni qayta ishlash algoritmlari
|
B. saralash algoritmlari
|
C. geometrik algoritmlar
|
D. qidiruv algoritmlari
|
№ 160.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Grafik nima?
|
A. Grafik uchlari to‘plami va qirralar to‘plami (cho‘qqi juftlari orasidagi bog‘lanish) bo‘lgan mavhum matematik obyekt.
|
B. tegishli loyihalarni amalga oshirishda modellarni yaratish jarayonini belgilovchi dasturiy tizimlar va ilovalarni ishlab chiqish tamoyillari va metodologiyalari majmui.
|
C. katta maʼlumotlar toʻplamidan maʼlum elementlarni topishga moʻljallangan algoritmlardir
|
D. Alohida ko'rsatmalarni bajarish tartibini ko'rsatadigan chiziq-bo'g'inli geometrik figuralar yordamida algoritm tuzilishini tavsiflash
|
№ 161.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 51/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
№ 156.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Algoritmning murakkabligi nimada?
|
A. algoritmni tahlil qilishda hisobga olinadigan elementar amallar soni
|
B. bu A algoritmidagi ma'lum n o'lchamdagi D ning barcha kirishlari bo'yicha operatsiyalarning eng kichik soni.
|
C. bu ma'lum n o'lchamdagi D ning barcha kirishlarida A algoritmida ko'rsatilgan operatsiyalarning eng ko'p soni.
|
D. A algoritmidagi ma'lum n o'lchamdagi barcha D kirishlarida amallarning o'rtacha soni.
|
№ 157.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Ma'lumotlar tuzilmalari bilan ishlash algoritmlari qanday?
|
A. Bular ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlash texnikasi haqida tushunchaga ega bo‘lish uchun foydalaniladigan asosiy tamoyillar va metodologiyani belgilaydigan algoritmlardir.
|
B. massivlar va fayllarni tartiblash algoritmlari
|
C. katta maʼlumotlar toʻplamidan maʼlum elementlarni topishga moʻljallangan algoritmlardir
|
D. bular grafiklarda oʻtish va qidirish strategiyalarini amalga oshirish uchun moʻljallangan algoritmlardir
|
№ 158.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Few words to say about this book - bet 32

57
its internal machinery. The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the
unstable autumn leaf is not
immediately channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The
weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen created by the
excited chlorophyll molecules.
H
Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going
on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there.
One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which
gets most sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for
decades that the best conditions for intense red
colours are dry, sunny days and coo nights, conditions that
nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light.
And finally, trees such as maples usually get
much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re
more stressed,
their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.
I
What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others
don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these trees have other means at their disposal
to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their story, though not as spectacular to the eye,
will surely turn
out to be as subtle and as complex.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 28/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Algoritmning natijaviylik xususiyati deganda nima tushuniladi?
|
A. algoritm va har bir qadam muayyan natijaga olib kelishi kerak
|
B. harakatlarning har biri to‘liq bajaruvchidir
|
C. algoritm chekli sonli bosqichlarda bo'lishi kerak
|
D. bu algoritmga koʻra bir emas, balki butun bir sinf oʻxshash masalalar yechilishi kerak
|
№ 85.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Algoritmning cheklilik xossasi deganda nima tushuniladi?
|
A. algoritm chekli sonli bosqichlarda boʻlishi kerak
|
B. algoritm va har bir qadam muayyan natijaga olib kelishi kerak
|
C. algoritm chekli sonli elementar amallarga boʻlinadi
|
D. harakatlarning har biri toʻliq bajaruvchidir
|
№ 86.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Loyiha ta'rifi?
|
A. Loyihaning mohiyati, maqsadlari va ko‘lamini aniq bayon qilishni, shuningdek, loyihaning barcha yakuniy mahsulotini ularning xususiyatlari bilan belgilashga aytiladi.
|
B. yakuniy mahsulotning quyi tizimlar yoki tarkibiy qismlar bo'yicha taqsimot diagrammasi, shu jumladan moddiy ta'minot, dasturiy ta'minot, axborot bilan ta'minlash, xizmat ko'rsatish, agar kerak bo'lsa, hududiy taqsimlash
|
C. rejaning turli darajadagi tafsilotlari ko'rib chiqiladi va struktura elementlari darajasining optimal soni aniqlanadi
|
D. loyihani tuzishda qoʻllaniladigan kodlar tizimini ishlab chiqishni oʻz ichiga oladi
|
№ 87.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 53/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Chiqib ketadigan va bir xil cho'qqiga tushadigan chiziq nima deb ataladi?
|
A. halqa(petlya)
|
B. qovurgalari
|
C. cho’qqi
|
D. yoy
|
№ 162.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Dekstra algoritmi?
|
A. grafning dastlabki berilgan bir choʻqqisidan qolgan barcha choʻqqilarga eng qisqa yoʻllarni topadi
|
B. manfiy chekka ogʻirlikdagi grafiklar bilan ishlash uchun mos
|
C. grafikning har bir cho'qqisi uchun eng qisqa yo'llarning qiymatlarini hisoblash uchun dinamik algoritm
|
D. musbat ogʻirlik qirralari boʻlgan grafiklar uchun mos
|
№ 163.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Kompilyatorning maxsus qismi - kod generatori sintaktik jihatdan to'g'ri dasturni mashinada bajarilishi mumkin bo'lgan buyruqlar ketma-ketligiga aylantirganda kompilyatsiya jarayonining qismi qanday nomlanadi?
|
A. kodni generasiya qilish
|
B. kompilyatsiya
|
C. rejalashtirish
|
D. ko'rsatmalarning ketma-ketligi
|
№ 164.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
part around the solar year

173
mainspring. By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc
and thus was not very efficient.
G
To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the
anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum
rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn
a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted
the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which
could beat once a second and thus led to the development of a new floorstanding case design, which became
known as the grandfather clock.
H
Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers
contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down
from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so
as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.
So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is
recognised only when they fail to work.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2

|
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
bet | 50/66 | Sana | 13.01.2024 | Hajmi | 96,62 Kb. | | #136213 |
Bog'liq Дастурий таъминот тизимларини лойихалаш узбManba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Dasturiy ta'minot tushunchasi paydo bo'lgan paytdan boshlab va undan keyingi dasturiy ta'minotdan foydalanish mumkin bo'lmagan vaqtgacha bo'lgan vaqt davri qanday nomlanadi:
|
A. dasturiy ta'minotning hayot sikli
|
B. dasturiy ta'minotni sinovdan o'tkazish
|
C. dasturiy ta'minotni loyihalash
|
D. dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqish
|
№ 153.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Qaysi model loyiha davomida doimiy bo'lib qoladigan aniq belgilangan talablarni talab qiladi?
|
A. kaskadli
|
B. takrorlanuvchi yoki ortib boruvchi
|
C. spiral
|
D.V modeli
|
№ 154.
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
Tegishli loyihalarni amalga oshirishda modellarni qurish jarayonini belgilovchi dasturiy tizimlar va ilovalarni ishlab chiqish tamoyillari va usullari majmui qanday nomlanadi?
|
A. metodologiya
|
B. dasturlash
|
C. algoritmlash
|
D. muammo bayoni
|
№ 155.
|
|
Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Manba: Diehl S. Software Visualization: Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software.
Qiyinlik darajasi – 2
|
- picture The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

|
- picture The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
|
bet | 8/13 | Sana | 16.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,48 Mb. | | #237391 |
Bog'liq Structure and function of biological membranes.2.2. 3- picture The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Active transport The transport of molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient requires energy, and is referred to as active transport. This energy can be obtained from ATP hydrolysis (primary active transport), from light (as, for example, in the case of the bacterial proton pump bacteriorhodopsin), or from an electrochemical gradient of an ion such as Na+ or H+ (secondary active transport).
Calcium ions signal many events, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release and cellular motility. However, high cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca2+ are toxic to the cell. Therefore Ca2+ must be tightly regulated and removed from the cytoplasm either into internal stores (the ER, and the SR in muscle cells) or into the extracellular space. This Ca2+ removal is carried out by a family of Ca2+-ATPases, including the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), which hydrolyse ATP to move Ca2+ against its electrochemical gradient into the ER and SR (Figure 8). There are Ca2+-ATPases in the ER, Golgi and plasma membrane, and despite their sequence similarity, these proteins are differentially targeted to the appropriate membrane. These Ca2+ pumps are primary active transporters. SERCA moves two Ca2+ ions into the ER or SR for every ATP molecule that is hydrolysed. The pump undergoes a cycle of binding ATP and phosphorylation, and undergoes large conformational changes every time it transports a pair of Ca2+ ions. SERCA is a P-type ATPase (so called because it is phosphorylated during ion transport). There are many P-type ATPases, and they are conserved in evolution across many species. The Na+/K+-ATPase is one of these P-type ATPases, and it works in a similar way to SERCA to pump Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell using energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP. We have now obtained three-dimensional structures of SERCA in a number of conformational states, which allow scientists to visualize the transport process. Secondary active transport requires an ion electrochemical gradient to drive the uphill transport of another solute. The downhill movement of one species drives the uphill movement of the other. This can be symport (in which both types of molecule or ion travel across the membrane in the same direction) or antiport (in which the two species travel in opposite directions).
|
| |
II Chapter. The main part - Science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan urgench state university

|
Science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan urgench state university
|
bet | 3/13 | Sana | 16.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,48 Mb. | | #237391 |
Bog'liq Structure and function of biological membranes.II Chapter. The main part.
2.1 The structure of the biological membrane.
Biological membranes allow life as we know it to exist. They form cells and enable separation between the inside and outside of an organism, controlling by means of their selective permeability which substances enter and leave. By allowing gradients of ions to be created across them, membranes also enable living organisms to generate energy. In addition, they control the flow of messages between cells by sending, receiving and processing information in the form of chemical and electrical signals. This essay summarizes the structure and function of membranes and the proteins within them, and describes their role in trafficking and transport, and their involvement in health and disease. Techniques for studying membranes are also discussed.
Membranes are composed of lipids, proteins and sugars
Biological membranes consist of a double sheet (known as a bilayer) of lipid molecules. This structure is generally referred to as the phospholipid bilayer. In addition to the various types of lipids that occur in biological membranes, membrane proteins and sugars are also key components of the structure. Membrane proteins play a vital role in biological membranes, as they help to maintain the structural integrity, organization and flow of material through membranes. Sugars are found on one side of the bilayer only, and are attached by covalent bonds to some lipids and proteins.
Three types of lipid are found in biological membranes, namely phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols. Phospholipids consist of two fatty acid chains linked to glycerol and a phosphate group. Phospholipids containing glycerol are referred to as glycerophospholipids. An example of a glycerophospholipid that is commonly found in biological membranes is phosphatidylcholine (PC) (Figure 1a), which has a choline molecule attached to the phosphate group. Serine and ethanolamine can replace the choline in this position, and these lipids are called phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), respectively. Phospholipids can also be sphingophospholipids (based on sphingosine), such as sphingomyelin. Glycolipids can contain either glycerol or sphingosine, and always have a sugar such as glucose in place of the phosphate head found in phospholipids. Sterols are absent from most bacterial membranes, but are an important component of animal (typically cholesterol) and plant (mainly stigmasterol) membranes. Cholesterol has a quite different structure to that of the phospholipids and glycolipids. It consists of a hydroxyl group (which is the hydrophilic ‘head’ region), a four-ring steroid structure and a short hydrocarbon side chain.
|
| |
References - Science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan urgench state university

|
Science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan urgench state university
|
bet | 13/13 | Sana | 16.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,48 Mb. | | #237391 |
Bog'liq Structure and function of biological membranes.References
Abdulov I.A. b.f.n.dos.v.b., Qodirova N.Z. “Cell Biology” 2014.
Abdulov I.A., Qodirova N.Z. Cell biology. Methodical manual.T. 2014.132
Bilich G.L. Biology, Cell Biology, Histology, Human Anatomy.
Chentsov Yu.S. Cell biology. M., MGU, 1984.
Devaux.F.Yeast Functional Genomics. Springer. Germany, 2016.
Chentsov Yu.S. Cell biology. M., MGU, 1984.
Gerald Karp. “Cell and Molecular Biology” United States of America 2013.
Latipova E.A. Educational-methodical complex on the subject "Fundamentals of Genomics". Toshkent 2012 y.
St. Petersburg, Soyuz. 2001. 444 p.
Turakulov YO.X. Molecular biology. Tashkent .: Teacher. 1993 y.68b.
Sottiboev I., Kochkarov K. Plant cell. T., The Teacher, 1991.
Zavarzin A.A., Xarazova A.A. Osnovi obshey cytologii. L., LGU, 1982.
Zengbush P. Molecular and cellular biology. M., “Mir”, 1982. 215s.
|
| |
Kiberfazo – - Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent

|
Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent
|
bet | 109/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Kiberfazo – Internet, telekommunikatsiya tarmoqlari, kompyuter tizimlari va o’rnatilgan prosessorlar va kontrollerlarni o’z ichiga olgan,
o’zaro bog’langan axborot tizimlari infrastrukturalar tarmog’idan tashkil topgan axborot muhitidagi global domen.
Cyberspace – a global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information systems infrastructures including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers.
Кибертерроризм — действия по дезорганизации компьютерных систем, создающие опасность гибели людей, значительного имущественного ущерба либо иных общественно опасных последствий.
Kiberterrorizm - insonlar halokati, aytarlicha moddiy zarar xavfini yoki boshqa jamiyatga xavfli oqibatlarni tug’diruvchi kompyuter tizimlarini izdan chiqarish bo’yicha harakatlar.
Cyber terrorism — action disruption of computer systems, creating a danger of loss of life, significant property damage or other socially dangerous consequences.
Привилегии - права пользователя или программы, состоящие в доступности определенных объектов и действий в вычислительной системе.
Imtiyozlar - hisoblash tizimida ma’lum obyektlardan foydalanish va ularda ishlashdan iborat foydalanuvchilarning yoki dasturning huquqlari. Privilege - rights of the user or a program, consisting in the availability of certain objects and actions in a computing system.
Приложение – программное обеспечение (программа) информационной системы, выполняющая определенную функцию непосредственно для пользователя без доступа к системе управления, мониторинга или административным привилегиям.
Ilova – bevosita foydalanuvchi uchun boshqarish, monitoringlash tizimlaridan yoki ma’muriy imtiyozlardan foydalanmay aniq funksiyani bajaruvchi axborot tizimining dasturiy ta’minoti (dasturi).
Application – a software (program) hosted by an information system. In addition, software program that performs a specific function directly for a user and can be executed without access to system control, monitoring, or administrative privileges.
Программа антивирусная — программа компьютерная, предназначенная для защиты от вирусов компьютерных. Осуществляет обнаружение, восстановление, блокирование и/или удаление зараженных программных модулей и системных областей. Virusga qarshi dastur - kompyuter viruslaridan himoyalashga mo’ljallangan kompyuter dasturi. Zaharlangan dasturiy modullarni va tizim sohalarini aniqlashni, tiklashni, blokirovka qilishni va/yoki yo’q qilishni amalga oshiradi.
Antivirus program - a computer program designed to protect the viruses from the computer. Detection, recovery, blocking and/or deleting infected software modules and system areas.
|
| |
Cyber incident - Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent

|
Vazirligi muhammad al-xorazmiy nomidagi toshkent
|
bet | 108/111 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 2,03 Mb. | | #246571 |
Cyber incident – actions taken using computer networks that result in an actual or potentially adverse effect on an information system and/or the information residing therein.
Кибер-атака - атака, через киберпространство, предназначенная для использования предприятием киберпространства в целях, отключения, уничтожения или злонамеренного контроля вычислительной среды/инфраструктуры.
Kiber-hujum – hisoblash muhiti/ infrastrukturasini, o’chirish, buzish yoki g’arazli nazoratlash yoki ma’lumot yaxlitligini buzish yoki nazoratlanuvchi axborotni o’g’irlash maqsadida kiberfazodan foydalanuvchi tashkilotga atalgan kiberfazo orqali amalga oshiriluvchi hujum.
Cyber-attack – an attack, via cyberspace, targeting an enterprise’s use of cyberspace for the purpose of disabling, destroying, or maliciously controlling a computing environment/infrastructure.
Кибербезопасность - возможность охранять или защитить использование киберпространства кибератаками.
Kiberxavfsizlik – kiberfazoning kiberhujumlardan foydalanishidan qo’riqlash yoki himoyalash imkoniyati.
Cybersecurity – the ability to protect or defend the use of cyberspace from cyber-attacks.
Киберпреступность — действия отдельных лиц или групп, направленные на взлом систем компьютерной защиты, на хищение или разрушение информации в корыстных или хулиганских целях. Kiberjinoyatchilik - g’arazli yoki xuliganlik maqsadlarida himoyalashning kompyuter tizimlarini buzib ochishga, axborotni o’g’irlashga yoki buzishga yo’naltirilgan alohida shaxslarning yoki guruhlarning harakatlari.
Cyber cryme — the actions of individuals or groups aimed at cracking computer security systems, theft or destruction of information for selfish or destructive purposes.
Киберпространство - глобальный домен в информационной среде, состоящий из взаимозависимой сети инфраструктур информационных систем включая Интернет, сети телекоммуникации, компьютерные системы, и встроенные процессоры и контроллеры.
|
| |
O’zbekistonda bozor iqtisodiyotini rivojlantirish istiqbollari

|
O’zbekistonda bozor iqtisodiyotini rivojlantirish istiqbollari
|
bet | 12/14 | Sana | 15.05.2024 | Hajmi | 452,47 Kb. | | #235668 |
Bog'liq Bozor iqtisodiyotiga o‘tishning o‘zbek modeli va uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari2.3 O’zbekistonda bozor iqtisodiyotini rivojlantirish istiqbollari
Ma’lumki, bir tizimdan ikkinchi tizimga o’tishning revolyutsion va evolyutsion yo’llari mavjud. Polsha, Chexoslovakiya, Rossiya bozor iqtisodiyotiga o’tishning revolyutsion yo’lini tanlab, birdaniga katta o’zgarishlar qilishni ma’qul topdilar.
O’zbekiston esa o’ziga xos madaniy, tarixiy, iqtisodiy va tabiiy xususiyatlarini hamda bu yo’ldagi jahon tajribasini hisobga olgan holda revolyutsion to’ntarishlarsiz, itimoiy to’qnashuvlarsiz, ijtimoiy himoyani ko’chaytirgan holda asta-sekinlik, lekin qayiyatlilik bilan bosqichma-bosqich rivojlangan va boshqariladigan bozor iqtisodiyotiga o’tish yo’lini tanladi.
Mamlakatimiz Prezidenti Sh.M. Mirziyoyev tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan “2017-2021-yillarda O’zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning beshta ustuvor yo’nalishi bo’yicha Harakatlar strategiyasi”da ham iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish va liberallashtirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan15.
Bunda faol tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish uchun qulay huquqiy, tashkiliy sharoitlar yaratish, innovatsion g’oyalar va texnologiyalarni joriy qilish, tadbirkorlik subyektlarini himoya qilishning huquqiy kafolatlarini va ular faoliyatiga noqonuniy aralashishlarning oldini olish mexanizmlarini, soliq va bojxona siyosatini, bank-moliya sohasini yanada takomillashtirish, agrar sektorni isloh qilish strategiyasini ishlab chiqish, iqtisodiyot tarmoqlari va sohalariga imtiyozlar taqdim qilgan holda individual imtiyozlar berishdan voz kechish, hududlarni faol rivojlantirish ko’zda tutilgan.
O’zbekistonda bozor munosabatlariga o’tish yo’li ijtimoiy yo’naltirilgan bozor iqtisodiyotini shakllantirishga qaratilgan. Bu yo’lni amalga oshirishga, iqtisodiyotni tubdan isloh qilishga birinchi prezident I.A.Karimov tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan 5 ta tamoyil asos qilib olingan:
1. Iqtisodiyotni mafkuradan xoli qilish, uning ustunligining ta’minlash;
2. O’tish davrida davlatning bosh islohotchi bo’lishi;
3. Butun yangilanish va taraqqiyot jarayoni qonunlarga asoslanishi, qonunlar ustuvorligini ta’minlanishi;
4. Bozor munosabatlariga o’tish bilan bir qatorda aholini ijtimoiy himoyalash sohasida kuchli chora-tadbirlarni amalga oshirish;
5. Bozor munosabatlarini bosqichma-bosqich qaror toptirish.
Bugungi kunda mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan islohatlar natijasi qanday? Kelgusida iqtisodiy sohalarda qanday o’zgarishlar kuzatiladi? Ushbu savollarga javob topish mamlakatimizni bozor iqtisodiyotiga o’tishini istiqbollarini yoritib beradi.
Avvalambor mamlakatimizning iqtisodiy istiqbollari hamda xavflariga to’xtalib o’tish maqsadga muvofiq.
|
| |