nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Bosh vaziri A. ARIPOV

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O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Bosh vaziri A. ARIPOV
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bet | 2/40 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 86,7 Kb. | | #133328 |
Bog'liq yo‘l harakati qoidalariO‘zbekiston Respublikasining Bosh vaziri A. ARIPOV
Toshkent sh.,
2022-yil 12-aprel,
172-son
Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2022-yil 12-apreldagi 172-son qaroriga
1-ILOVA
Yo‘l harakati qoidalari
1-bob. Umumiy qoidalar
1. Ushbu Yo‘l harakati qoidalari (keyingi o‘rinlarda — Qoidalar) O‘zbekiston Respublikasi hududida yo‘l harakatining yagona tartibini belgilaydi.
2. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi yo‘llarida transport vositalarining o‘ng tomonlama harakatlanish tartibi belgilangan.
3. Yo‘l harakati qatnashchilari “Yo‘l harakati xavfsizligi to‘g‘risida”gi O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Qonunini, ushbu Qoidalarni va unda keltirilgan svetofor ishoralari, yo‘l belgilari (ushbu qoidalarga 1-ilova), yo‘l chiziqlarining (ushbu qoidalarga 2-ilova) talablarini bilishlari, ularga amal qilishlari, shuningdek, ularga berilgan vakolat doirasida yo‘llarda harakatni tartibga soluvchilarning ko‘rsatmalarini so‘zsiz bajarishlari shart.
4. Yo‘l harakati qatnashchilari yo‘ldagi boshqa harakat qatnashchilarining harakatlanishiga to‘sqinlik qilmasligi va xavf tug‘dirmasliklari kerak.
Tegishli vakolatga ega bo‘lmagan yuridik va jismoniy shaxslarga yo‘l qoplamasini buzish, o‘zgartirish yoki zarar yetkazish, ifloslantirish, yo‘l belgilarini, svetoforlarni va harakatlanishni tashkil etishning boshqa texnik vositalarini o‘zboshimchalik bilan olib tashlash, o‘rnatish, to‘sib qo‘yish, shikastlantirish, yo‘llarda harakatlanishga to‘sqinlik qiluvchi narsalarni qoldirish, “sun’iy notekislik” qurilmalarini o‘rnatish taqiqlanadi.
Harakatlanishga to‘sqinlik yuzaga keltiradigan shaxs uni tezda bartaraf qilish uchun imkoniyati darajasida barcha choralarni ko‘rishi, agar buning iloji bo‘lmasa, mavjud barcha vositalar bilan xavf-xatar haqida harakat qatnashchilarini ogohlantirishi va ichki ishlar organlariga (keyingi o‘rinlarda IIO) xabar berishi shart.
5. Mazkur Qoidalarni buzgan shaxslar O‘zbekiston Respublikasining qonun hujjatlariga muvofiq javob beradilar.
6. Qoidalarda quyidagi asosiy tushuncha va atamalardan foydalaniladi:
avtomagistral — 5.1. yo‘l belgisi bilan belgilangan, har bir yo‘nalishning qatnov qismlari ajratuvchi mintaqa bilan ajratilgan (u bo‘lmaganda yo‘l to‘siqlari bilan) hamda boshqa yo‘llar, tramvay va temir yo‘llari, piyoda va velosiped yo‘lkalari bilan bir sathda kesishmaydigan yo‘l.
avtopoyezd — ulagich moslamalari bilan ulangan egarli shatakka oluvchi va yarim tirkama yoki yuk avtomobili va tirkama (tirkamalar)dan iborat transport vositasi tarkibi.
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No Identified Software - End-user license agreement for microsoft software

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End-user license agreement for microsoft software
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bet | 6/17 | Sana | 24.03.2021 | Hajmi | 54,76 Kb. | | #13518 |
No Identified Software. Your license rights to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are conditioned upon you (a) not incorporating Identified Software into, or combining Identified Software with, the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or a derivative work thereof; and (b) not distributing Identified Software in conjunction with the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or a derivative work thereof. “Identified Software” means software which is licensed pursuant to terms that directly or indirectly (i) grant, or purport to grant, to any third party any rights or immunities under Microsoft’s intellectual property or proprietary rights in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or derivative work thereof, or (ii) create, or purport to create, obligations for Microsoft with respect to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or derivative work thereof. Identified Software includes, without limitation, any software licensed pursuant to terms that seek to require that other software incorporated into, derived from or distributed with such software be (a) disclosed or distributed in source code form; (b) be licensed for the purpose of making derivative works; or (c) be redistributable at no charge.
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Smart gadgets - 0 the Pre-History

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0 the Pre-HistoryBog'liq Sample Test (1)
Smart gadgets
Today’s smartphones are smart but tomorrow’s gadgets will inevitably be even smarter. According
to experts, soon they will have ‘emotional intelligence’. They will be able to (9) …….. how we feel
and react to our mood, by joining in our happiness or leaving us alone when we are angry.
Scientists are (10) …….. a technology that uses both speech-recognition software and special sensors
to figure out how the user is feeling. Their goal is to develop a way to accurately (11) …….. the
emotional state of a person holding a smartphone.
Another project is looking at (12) …….. emotional detection into GPS car navigation devices. The
vision is of a dashboard GPS device that would register facial expressions, voice intonation and hand
movements to work out the emotions of the driver. For example, if the driver were experiencing
stress, it could temporarily (13) …….. giving additional instructions or even turn itself off.
But for many, there is something slightly (14) …….. about emotion recognition. It (15) …….. into yet
another part of our lives which are already being closely (16) …….. by technology, not always for our
benefit.
9 A
expose
B
perceive
C
guess
D
realise
10 A
operating
B
developing C
working
D
progressing
11 A
count
B
rank
C
value
D
measure
12 A
creating
B
locating
C
absorbing
D
building
13 A
put up
B
take over
C
hold off
D
set back
14 A
unreasonable
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C 
Strict parents tend to have children who are academically unsuccessful. 
D

Listening, Exercise 1
You will hear a man called Chris Graham talking to a group of students about
a vacation job he had
in Australia.
For questions
43– 52, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
My Vacation Job in Australia
Chris thinks the best place to find a job like he had is the
(
43)
.
Chris
is studying (
44)
at university.
For most of the time he was working for the travel company,
Chris lived in a
(
45)
outside of the town.
Chris was often asked to go to a
(
46)
at
the
weekend.
In the mornings, Chris had
to drive tourists to see the (
47)
in the desert.
Many of the tourists were unaware of the need to keep their
(
48)
covered up when they were in the sun.
The tourists particularly wanted to know how to tell
the difference between the
(
49)
of
the
wild
animals.
In the afternoons, the tourists were able to see some
(
50)
that had more than one use.
Chris says that the local government would
like to have a larger
The author says that one reason for writing the book was the fact that 
A

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The author says that one reason for writing the book was the fact that
ABog'liq Sample Test (1)37
The author says that one reason for writing the book was the fact that
A
research suggests the quality of parenting skills has deteriorated.
B
today’s scientific views of parenting seem to be flawed.
C
there is a lack of parenting literature written in a straightforward way.
D
the available advisory material does not reflect current academic thinking.
38
What does the author say about the concerns parents have?
A
Some of the issues are contradictory in nature.
B
They are understandable given the challenges of modern life.
C
They cause a disproportionate amount of stress in family relationships.
D
The balance between work and family life is only a secondary problem.
39
What view of young people is promoted in the media?
A
They want to live an adult life before they are mentally ready.
B
They are unaware of the opportunities provided for them.
C
They are unable to appreciate the value of money.
D
They fail to demonstrate a sense of purpose.
40
What does the author say in the fourth paragraph about parenting advice?
A
Its core objective has remained constant.
B
Its ideology stems from contemporary social issues.
C
It traditionally placed strong emphasis on the protection of the child.
D
It currently benefits from techniques tried and tested by previous generations.
41
In the fifth paragraph, what point is the author making about bringing up children?
A
There is an absence of consensus on child-rearing among the experts themselves.
B
Educational policies should be revised in the light of recent findings.
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Kristall - Radiolampalardan

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Radiolampalardan
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bet | 3/15 | Sana | 01.01.2020 | Hajmi | 0,63 Mb. | | #7650 |
1.5. Kristall üçün Şredinger tənliyi. Kroninq-Penni modeli
Sadə atomun quruluşuna baxaq. Məlumdur ki, atomun məkəzində müsbət yüklənmiş nüvə, onun ətrafında isə mənfi yüklənmiş elektron mövcuddur. Atomun dayanıqlı vəziyyətdə olması üçün, elektrona təsir edən Kulon və mərkəzdənqaçma qüvvələri biri birini kompensasiya etməlidir. Orbit üzrə müəyyən təcillə hərəkət edən elektron müəyyən intensivlikli enerji şüalandırır. Deyilənlərdən belə bir nəticə çıxarmaq olar ki, müəyyən zaman intervalından sonra elektron öz enerjisini tamamilə şüalandıraraq atomun nüvəsinin səthinə düşəcək. Yəni, əgər hissəcik (elektron) müəyyən təcillə hərəkət edirsə, atom mövcud ola bilməz. Göstərilən misal klassik fizikanan (və ya Nyuton mexanikasının) bu cür prosesləri təsvir etməkdə «gücsüz» olduğunu göstərir. Ona görə də yüklü hiccəciklərin təbiətini araşdırmaq üçün kvant fizikasından istifadə olunur.
Bərk cisimlərdə elektron nəzəriyyəsinin əsasını zona nəzəriyysi təşkil edir. Bərk cisimlərin fiziki xaassələri ancaq bu nəzəriyyəyə əsasən izah olunur. Atom hadisələri nə hissəciklərin hərəkəti, nə də dalğa prossesləri ilə izah oluna bilər. Mikrohissəciklər- elektron, proton, atom və s. həm korpuskulyar həm də dalğa xaassələrinə malikdir. Onlar həmişə hissəcik kimi qeyd olunur, onların hərəkəti isə Şredingerin dalğa tənliyi (Ervin Şredinger tərəfindən 1926-cı ildə çıxarılmışdır) ilə müəyyən edilir. Şredinger tənliyinin ciddi həlli yalnız sərbəst elektron və hidrogen atomu üçün mövcuddur. Qalan hallarda, yəni çoxelektronlu atomlar kristal üçün bu tənliyin təxmini həlli mövcuddur. Bu tənliyi atomlar üçün həll etdikdə alınır ki, istənilən atomdakı elektronlar stasionar halda diskret enerjiyə malikdir, yəni elektronlar müəyyən enerji səviyyələrində yerləşir.
Bərk cisimlərdə atomlar bir-birinə o qədər yaxın olur ki, ən azı hər bir atomdakı valent elektronları qonşu atomun güclü potensial sahəsində yerləşir. Başqa sözlə, kristal daxilində atomlar güclü qarşılıqlı təsirdə olur. Bu baxımdan kristal üçün Şredingerin dalğa tənliyini yazdıqda elektron və nüvələrin kinetik enerjiləri ilə yanaşı, bütün elektronlar, bütün nüvələr və elektronlarla nüvələr arasındakı qarşılıqlı təsir enerjisini də nəzərə almaq lazımdır. Ümumi şəkildə belə bir tənliyin həlli qeyri- mümkündür. Kristalın xarakterik xüsusiyyətlərini saxlamaqla sadələşmələr aparmaqla tənliyin həllinə çalışırlar. Belə sadələşmələrdən biri adiabatik yaxınlaşmadır. Nüvələrin kütləsi () elektronların kütləsindən () xeyli böyük olduğundan elektronlara nəzərən nüvələri tərpənməz qəbul edirlər. İkinci sadələşmə birelektronlu yaxınlaşma adlanır. Bu zaman kristaldakı elektronlardan biri baxılmaq üçün seçilir. Qalan elektronlara isə fəzada müəyyən qayda üzrə paylanmış effektiv elektrik yükü kimi baxılır. Seçilmiş elektron qalan elektronların sabit potensialı sahəsində hərəkət edir. Bu halda kristall üçün Şredinger tənliyi
(1.5.1)
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(
51) - 0 the Pre-History

Listening, Exercise 2
You will hear an interview in which two young entrepreneurs –
Chloe Price, who sells skincare
products online, and Martin Moore, who is a distributor of snack foods – are talking about their work.
For
questions
53-58, choose the answer which fits best according to what you hear.
53
Chloe attributes her success as an
entrepreneur to her
A
exposure to unconventional business concepts.
B
willingness to take risks.
C
ability to benefit from experience.
D
natural flair for money management.
54
Chloe thinks the greatest benefit new technology has brought her is in
A
being able to promote her products through friends.
B
encouraging interaction with consumers.
C
reducing her ongoing business expenditure.
D
enabling her to manage her time more effectively.
55
What does Martin say about finding work in the food industry?
A
It was a long-held ambition.
B
It was something he soon regretted.
C
It happened by chance.
D
It followed naturally from his studies.
56
Martin’s choice of product to distribute was based on his belief that
A
it was a quality item.
B
it was effectively marketed.
C
it was part of a well-established brand.
D
it was endorsed by famous people.
57
Martin’s advice to prospective entrepreneurs is to
A 
spend time attending motivational talks. 
B

A
spend time attending motivational talks.
B
research opportunities thoroughly online.
C
conduct regular email surveys.
D
establish contacts with those in the same field.
58
Both Chloe and Martin have been surprised by the importance in their work of
A
collaborative decision-making.
B
paying attention to detail.
C
securing sound financial backing.
D
a total commitment to the enterprise.
Pay everyone in the United Kingdom £100 a week
Imagine a Britain where the government paid every adult the basic cost of living. Whether
rich or poor – or, crucially, whether in paid employment or not – everyone would receive the
same weekly amount, with no strings attached. The harsh, punitive model of modern
“welfare” would be a distant memory; moving in and out of employment in the so-called gig
economy
1
would then be something everyone could afford.
The positive consequences would extend into the distance: all women would be financially
independent and able to exit abusive relationships, public health would improve, and people
could devote the time to caring for the elderly that an ever-ageing society increasingly
demands. Just as the welfare state underpinned the 20
th
century, so would the basic income
define the 21
st
century.
Please respond to the following task in approximately 200 to 250 words:
An unconditional basic income (UBI), otherwise known as citizens’ income or social wage,
would make us unproductive. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
1
A gig economy is an environment in which temporary jobs are common and organisations contract with
independent workers for short-term engagements.
Do you consider one
or more of these
things important in
providing good
customer service?
What kinds of things
do you appreciate as
a customer?
being
approachable
responding
quickly
offering
alternative
options
having good
product
knowledge
listening
carefully
another
factor?
How can these
factors affect or
contribute to a
balanced life? Can
you think of any
other factors?
training and
qualifications
stress levels
general fitness
friendships
family
circumstances
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Questions 23-26 - 0 the Pre-History

Questions 27 and 28
Choose the best answer
A, B, C or D.
27) Landfills are not approved of because
A they use agricultural land.
B they have always been expensive to run.
C they need to have a licence.
D they produce dangerous emissions.
28) A
tax was imposed in order
A to encourage recycling.
B to dissuade people from using landfills.
C to punish the building industry.
D to gather money for the government.
Questions 29-36
Complete the summary below. Choose the best answer
(A-D) to complete the gap.
Write your answers to questions
29-36 on your answer sheet.
Solutions to the problem of how to dispose of excess rubbish must be found. With the
dramatic increase in both
29 .............
and industrial rubbish, the
30 ............. must devise
new policies to deal with the matter. The well-established
31 .............
are now considered 32
............. so it is preferable to send the refuse to
33 ............. centres in order to
34 .............
the waste products which could then be used to manufacture
35 ............. goods. Also the
general public must be better informed of the worrying environmental
36 ............. the
planet faces if this matter is not addressed urgently.
29
a) private
b) unwanted
c) domestic
d) refuse
30
a) individual
b) government
c) companies
d) industry
31
a) producers
b) landfills
c) quarries
d) impacts
32
a) outmoded
b) out
of touch
c) outfilled
d) outfashioned
33
a) container
b) reproducing
c) rubbish
d) reprocessing
34
a) break out
b) break up
c) break down
d) break away
35
a) domestic
b) responsible
c) recycled
d) new
36
a) consequences
b) reforms
c) policies
d) issues
ANSWER KEY: SPRACHNACHWEIS

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ANSWER KEY: SPRACHNACHWEISBog'liq Sample Test (1)ANSWER KEY: SPRACHNACHWEIS
Use of English Answer Key
Exercise 1
1. As
2. Despite
3. What
4. During/at/from
5. Were
6. To
7. Course
8. if
Exercise 2
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. A
16. C
Exercise 3
17. A good idea to go
18. Talented that he
19. If she knew what
20. Spent/took/was a long time
21. Is said
22. Not call off / we didn’t call off
Reading
Exercise 1
1. B
2. E
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. A
Exercise 2
15. D
16. B
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. C
Listening
1. Internet
2. History
3. Caravan
4. Party
5. Sunrise
6. Shoulders
7. Tracks
8. Plants
9. Airport
10. January
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. B
Document Outline - Use of English, Exercise 1
- For questions 1-8, read the text below and write the word which best fits in each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Here is an example: (0) the
- Pre-History
- Reading Test.pdf
- Academic Reading task._B2docx
- Reading, Exercise 1
- Instructions: Read the following text entitled “What a Waste!” and answer questions 1-14 on the answer sheet.
- WHAT A WASTE!
- Questions 1-4
- Questions 27 and 28
- Questions 29-36
- Parenting in the 21st century_MC_C1
- Listening Test.pdf
- Fill in the gap_My vacation job in Australia_b2
- Interview with MC questions_C1
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B  
disturbing 
C - 0 the Pre-History

Use of English, Exercise 3
For questions 17-23, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence and uses the word given in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Do not change the word given.
You should use between
two and five words, including the word given.
Write your solutions
on the answer sheet.
Example:
0
A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town.
DRIVEN
We ____________________________________________ a very friendly taxi driver.
Solution: WERE DRIVEN INTO
TOWN BY
17
Joan was in favour of visiting the museum.
IDEA
Joan thought it would be _______________________________ to the museum.
18
Arthur has the talent to become a concert pianist.
THAT
Arthur is so ______________________________________ could become a concert
pianist.
19
“Do you
know when the match starts, Sally?” asked Mary.
IF
Mary asked Sally _______________________________________time the match
started.
20
I knocked for ages at Ruth’s door but I got no reply.
LONG
I
_________________________________ knocking at Ruth’s door but I got no reply.
21
Everyone says that the band is planning to go on a world tour next year.
SAID
The band ________________________________________
planning to go on a world
tour next year.
22
I’d prefer not to cancel the meeting.
Fotodiodlar - 4- mavzu: Induktiv, transformatorli, fotoelektrik datchiklar. Reja

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4- mavzu: Induktiv, transformatorli, fotoelektrik datchiklar. Reja
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bet | 3/3 | Sana | 07.12.2023 | Hajmi | 256,04 Kb. | | #113274 |
Bog'liq 4- mavzu Induktiv, transformatorli, fotoelektrik datchiklar. ReFotodiodlar
F
4.7- rasm. Diodning tuzilishi.
otodiod deb yarim o‘tkazgichli fotoelement asbob bo‘lib, bitta elektron- kovakli o‘tishga va ikkita chiqishga egadir. Fotodiodlar ikki xil rejimda ishlashi mumkin: 1) tashqi elektr energiya manbaisiz (fotogenerator rejimida); 2) tashqi elektr energiya manbai yordamida (fotoo‘zgartgich rejimida).
Optoelektron asbob deb elektr signalini optik signalga (nur energiyasi) o‘zgartiruvchi, bu energiyani indikatorlarga yoki fotoelektrik o‘zgartkichlarga uzatuvchi asboblarga aytiladi.
Ko‘p tarqalgan optoelektron asbolardan biri optrondir. Optron nurlanish manbasi va qabul qilgichdan tuzilgan bo‘ladi. Bu ikkalasi bir korpusga joylashtirilgan va bir biri bilan optik va elektr bog‘liklikka ega bo‘ladi.
Elektron qurilmalarni optronlar aloqa elementi funktsiyasini bajaradi, bunda ma’lumot optik nurlar orqali uzatiladi. Buning hisobiga galvanik bog‘lanish bo‘lmaydi, va elektron uskunalarga salbiy ta’sir etuvchi qayta bog‘lanishlar bo‘lmaydi.
MH intern а I
reflection
acrylic plate
rhoh
diffuser
s
cattered
Nazorat savollari
Generatorli o‘zgartgichlar haqida umumiy ma'lumot bering?
Termoelektrik o‘zgartgichlarishlatilish soxasi?
Induksion o‘zgartgichlarishlash prinsipi?
Fotoelektrik o‘zgartgichlar tuzilishi?
2
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mikrosxema holati teskari holatga o‘zgaradigan kirishdagi ma’lum kuchlanish – bo‘sag‘aviy kuchlanish UBO‘S

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mikrosxema holati teskari holatga o‘zgaradigan kirishdagi ma’lum kuchlanish – bo‘sag‘aviy kuchlanish UBO‘S
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bet | 4/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZAmikrosxema holati teskari holatga o‘zgaradigan kirishdagi ma’lum kuchlanish – bo‘sag‘aviy kuchlanish UBO‘S; - mikrosxema holati teskari holatga o‘zgaradigan kirishdagi ma’lum kuchlanish – bo‘sag‘aviy kuchlanish UBO‘S;
- kirish bo‘yicha birlashish koeffisienti m (kirishlar soni);
- chiqish bo‘yicha tarmoqlanish koeffisienti n (yuklama qobiliyati yoki mazkur IMS chiqishiga ulash mumkin bo‘lgan xuddi shunday mirosxemalar soni);
- UKIR= U0 va UKIR= U1 larga mos keluvchi kirish toklari I0KIR va I1KIR ;
- xalaqitlarga bardoshligi – yuqori U1XAL va past U0XAL kirish kuchlanish darajasi bo‘yicha mumkin bo‘lgan maksimal xalaqit kuchlanish qiymati;
manbadan iste’mol qilinayotgan quvvat R; - manbadan iste’mol qilinayotgan quvvat R;
- YeM kuchlanish va IM tok manbalari;
- «0» holatdan «1» holatga, yoki aksincha o‘tishdagi qayta ulanish kechikish vaqti;
- qayta ulanishlarning (tezkorlik) o‘rtacha kechikish vaqti - 0,5(t0K + t1K).
- Zamonaviy statik tizimlarning asosiy negiz elementi bo‘lib Shottki diodlari qo‘llanilgan TTM, I2M, EBM, MDYa – tranzistorlarda (yoki r – kanalli MDYa, yoki n – kanalli MDYa) yasalgan mantiq, komplementar MDYa – tranzistorlarda (KMDYa) yasalgan mantiq elementlari hisoblanadi.
Raqamli integral mikrosxema negiz elementlariga qo‘yiladigan asosiy talab – ularninng tezkorligi, kichik sochilish quvvati, katta joylashtirish zichligi (yagona kristall sirtida joylashgan elementlar soni) va tayyorlanishni texnologikligi hisoblanadi. - Raqamli integral mikrosxema negiz elementlariga qo‘yiladigan asosiy talab – ularninng tezkorligi, kichik sochilish quvvati, katta joylashtirish zichligi (yagona kristall sirtida joylashgan elementlar soni) va tayyorlanishni texnologikligi hisoblanadi.
- Yuqorida sanab o‘tilgan negiz elementlar, u yoki bu, yoki bir necha parametrlariga ko‘ra bir – biridan ustun tursa, boshqa parametrlariga ko‘ra yomonroq hisoblanadi.
- IMS negiz mantiqiy elementi asosi bo‘lib, qayta ulagichlar sifatida qo‘llaniladigan biror elektron kalit hizmat qilishi mumkin. Qayta ulagichlar sifatida qo‘llaniladigan yarim o‘tkazgichli asboblarga quyidagi umumiy talablar qo‘yiladi: birdan katta bo‘lgan kuchaytirish koeffisienti;
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Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. 3 – rasmda n – kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemasi keltirilgan

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Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. 3 – rasmda n – kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemasi keltirilgan
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bet | 8/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZABir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. 3 – rasmda n – kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemasi keltirilgan. - Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. 3 – rasmda n – kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemasi keltirilgan.
- 3 – rasm.
-
- VT0 tranzistor nochiziqli yuklama vazifasini bajaradi. Ketma – ket ulangan tranzistorlar asosi qobiqda qisqa tutashuv bajariladi, zatvor va yuklamadagi tranzistor stoki manba bilan tutashtirilgan. YeM = 3UBO‘S tanlanadi, bu yerda UBO‘S – tranzistor ochiladigan kuchlanish. Demak, yuqoridagi tranzistor doim ochiq holatda bo‘lib to‘yinish rejimida bo‘ladi va invertor tokini cheklash uchun xizmat qiladi (dinamik yuklama).
MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalarning kamchiligi bo‘lib shu hisoblanadiki, boshqaruvchi tranzistorning ulangan holatida kalit orqali tok oqib o‘tadi. Bu tok juda zarur hisoblanmaydi, chunki maydoniy tranzistorning o‘rnatilgan toki amalda nolga teng bo‘ladi. Komplementar MDYa (kanal o‘tkazuvchanligi qarama – qarshi bo‘lgan tranzistorlarda) bajarilgan kalit sxemalar bu kamchiliklardan holi (4 -rasm). Bu kalitda ikkala tranzistor zatvorlari o‘zaro bog‘lanib yagona kirish hosil qiladilar. Stoklar birlashib yagona chiqish hosil qiladilar, istoklar esa asos bilan birgalikda mos ravishda kuchlanish manbai va umumiy shinaga ulanadilar. - MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalarning kamchiligi bo‘lib shu hisoblanadiki, boshqaruvchi tranzistorning ulangan holatida kalit orqali tok oqib o‘tadi. Bu tok juda zarur hisoblanmaydi, chunki maydoniy tranzistorning o‘rnatilgan toki amalda nolga teng bo‘ladi. Komplementar MDYa (kanal o‘tkazuvchanligi qarama – qarshi bo‘lgan tranzistorlarda) bajarilgan kalit sxemalar bu kamchiliklardan holi (4 -rasm). Bu kalitda ikkala tranzistor zatvorlari o‘zaro bog‘lanib yagona kirish hosil qiladilar. Stoklar birlashib yagona chiqish hosil qiladilar, istoklar esa asos bilan birgalikda mos ravishda kuchlanish manbai va umumiy shinaga ulanadilar.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Bir turdagi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar. 3 – rasmda n – kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemasi keltirilgan
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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja - bet 7

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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja
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bet | 7/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZAAsosiy dinamik parametrlaridan biri bo‘lib, sxemaning ulanish va uzilish vaqtidagi qayta ulanish jarayonlari bilan aniqlanadigan tezkorligi hisoblanadi. Sxema chiqishidagi kuchlanishning bo‘sag‘aviy qiymati, kirish signalini U0 dan U1 ga o‘zgartirganda ma’lum t1K vaqtiga, U1 dan U0 ga o‘zagtirganda t0K vaqtiga kechikadi. Kechikishlarga tranzistorlar qayta zaryadlanish sig‘imi va yuklama sabab bo‘ladi. Sxema tezkorligi o‘rtacha kechikish vaqti bilan aniqlanadi - Asosiy dinamik parametrlaridan biri bo‘lib, sxemaning ulanish va uzilish vaqtidagi qayta ulanish jarayonlari bilan aniqlanadigan tezkorligi hisoblanadi. Sxema chiqishidagi kuchlanishning bo‘sag‘aviy qiymati, kirish signalini U0 dan U1 ga o‘zgartirganda ma’lum t1K vaqtiga, U1 dan U0 ga o‘zagtirganda t0K vaqtiga kechikadi. Kechikishlarga tranzistorlar qayta zaryadlanish sig‘imi va yuklama sabab bo‘ladi. Sxema tezkorligi o‘rtacha kechikish vaqti bilan aniqlanadi
- Sxema iste’mol qilayongan tok ortsa, sig‘imlarning katta qayta zaryadlanish tezligi hisobiga qayta ulanish vaqti ortadi. Lekin bu vaqtda sxemaning iste’mol quvvati ortadi. Shu sababli o‘rtacha kechikish vaqti qayta ulanish ishi AQ=RtK deb ataluvchi kattalik bilan aniqlanadi. Zamonaviy IMSlar uchun Aq=10-12-10-14 Dj.
- 12.4. Maydoniy tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalit sxemalar
- Kalit elementi sifatida odatda kanali induksiyalanuvchi MDYa – tranzistorlar qo‘llaniladi, chunki ularda UZI nolga teng bo‘lganda uzilgan kalit holati ta’minlanadi (tranzistor berk).
- Maydoniy tranzistorlar asosida yasalgan mantiqiy elementlar negizida aktiv element va yuklama MDYa – tranzistorda bajarilgan kalit sxema yotadi. Aktiv va yuklamadagi tranzistorlar bir xil yoki har xil o‘tkazuvchanlik turiga ega bo‘lgan kanaldan tashkil topgan bo‘lishi mumkin. Aktiv tranzistor zatvoriga yuqori potensialga (mantiqiy bir darajasi) berilsa uning stokidagi qoldiq kuchlanish 50-100 mV ni (mantiqiy nol darajasi) ni tashkil etadi. Bu bilan inversiya amalga oshiriladi.
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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja - bet 5

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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja
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bet | 5/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZAaxborot uzatish tizimining bir tomonlamaligi; kirish va chiqish bo‘yicha katta tarmoqlanish koeffisientlari; qayta ulanishlarning katta tezligi; kichik iste’mol quvvati. Elektron kalitlar sifatida kremniyli bipolyar va maydoniy tranzistorlar qo‘llaniladi. Maydoniy tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalitlar kichik sochilish quvvatiga ega bo‘lsalar, bir vaqtning o‘zida bipolyar tranzistorlarda bajarilgan elektron kalitlarning qo‘llanilishi ularning tezkorligini oshirishga imkon yaratadi. - axborot uzatish tizimining bir tomonlamaligi; kirish va chiqish bo‘yicha katta tarmoqlanish koeffisientlari; qayta ulanishlarning katta tezligi; kichik iste’mol quvvati. Elektron kalitlar sifatida kremniyli bipolyar va maydoniy tranzistorlar qo‘llaniladi. Maydoniy tranzistorlarda bajarilgan kalitlar kichik sochilish quvvatiga ega bo‘lsalar, bir vaqtning o‘zida bipolyar tranzistorlarda bajarilgan elektron kalitlarning qo‘llanilishi ularning tezkorligini oshirishga imkon yaratadi.
- 12.3. Bipolyar tranzistorlarda yasalgan kalit sxemalar
- BT da yasalgan sodda kalit sxemasi 2 – rasmda keltirilgan. Yuklama qarshiligi RK emitteri umumiy shinaga ulangan tranzistorning kollektor zanjiriga ulangan. Kalit ikkita turg‘un holatga ega bo‘lishi kerak: ochiq va berk.
Ochiq kalit holatiga tranzistorning to‘yinish yoki aktiv ish rejimi, berk holatga esa - berkilish rejimi mos keladi. - Ochiq kalit holatiga tranzistorning to‘yinish yoki aktiv ish rejimi, berk holatga esa - berkilish rejimi mos keladi.
- Agar tranzistor bazasiga manfiy kuchlanish berilsa (UKIR0V), u holda emitter va kollektor o‘tishlar teskari yo‘nalishda ulangan bo‘ladi, ya’ni berk holatda bo‘ladi. Bu vaqtda tranzistor kollektor tokining berkilish rejimida ishlaydi va kalit uzilgan holatda bo‘ladi. Berkilish rejimida tranzistor toklari mos ravishda
- (12.1)
- Natijada tranzistor kollektoridagi kuchlanish
- (12.)
- bo‘lib, yuklamaning manbadan uzilgan holatiga mos keladi (kalit uzilgan).
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Baza zanjirida RB rezistor mavjud bo‘lganda tranzistor baza kuchlanishi

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Baza zanjirida RB rezistor mavjud bo‘lganda tranzistor baza kuchlanishi
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bet | 6/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZABaza zanjirida RB rezistor mavjud bo‘lganda tranzistor baza kuchlanishi - Baza zanjirida RB rezistor mavjud bo‘lganda tranzistor baza kuchlanishi
Yuqori temperaturalarda kalit IK0 qiymati keskin ortadi va natijada emitter o‘tishdagi kuchlanish ham ortadi. Shu sababli berkilish rejimida tranzistor normal ishlashi uchun quyidagi shart bajarilishi kerak - Yuqori temperaturalarda kalit IK0 qiymati keskin ortadi va natijada emitter o‘tishdagi kuchlanish ham ortadi. Shu sababli berkilish rejimida tranzistor normal ishlashi uchun quyidagi shart bajarilishi kerak
- bu yerda UBO‘S – emitter o‘tishdagi musbat kuchlanish UBE bo‘lib, ushbu qiymat ortsa tranzistor berk rejimdan aktiv rejimga o‘tadi, ya’ni ochiladi.
- Integral texnologiyada bajarilgan kremniyli tranzistorlar uchun UBO‘S=0,50,6 V. (12.4)
- Agar UKIR=0, u holda (12.4) shart quyidagicha qayta yoziladi.
- (12.5)
Integral texnologiyada bajarilgan kremniyli tranzistorlar uchun to‘yinish rejimida UChIQ=UKE0,25 V (mantiqiy nol U0). Analog sxemalarda alohida kalitlar qo‘llaniladi. Raqamli sxemalarda esa kalitli zanjirlar qo‘llaniladi. Bunday zanjirlarda har bir kalitni o‘zidan oldingi kalit boshqaradi va o‘z navbatida bu kalitning o‘zi keyingi kalit uchun boshqaruvchi hisoblanadi. Demak, agar oldingi kalitda tranzistor to‘yinish rejimi bo‘lsa, u holda bu kalit keyingi kalitni qayta ulashi mumkin emas. - Integral texnologiyada bajarilgan kremniyli tranzistorlar uchun to‘yinish rejimida UChIQ=UKE0,25 V (mantiqiy nol U0). Analog sxemalarda alohida kalitlar qo‘llaniladi. Raqamli sxemalarda esa kalitli zanjirlar qo‘llaniladi. Bunday zanjirlarda har bir kalitni o‘zidan oldingi kalit boshqaradi va o‘z navbatida bu kalitning o‘zi keyingi kalit uchun boshqaruvchi hisoblanadi. Demak, agar oldingi kalitda tranzistor to‘yinish rejimi bo‘lsa, u holda bu kalit keyingi kalitni qayta ulashi mumkin emas.
- Shunday qilib, agar kalit kirishiga mantiqiy nol potensiali berilsa, u holda uning chiqishida mantiqiy birga mos potensial hosil bo‘ladi va aksincha, ya’ni bunday kalit invers sxema hisoblanadi va invertor deb ataladi.
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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja - bet 2

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Mantiqiy integral mikrosxemalar parametrlari. Reja
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bet | 2/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZA Kattalikning biri – 0 ga, ikkinchisi – 1 ga mos kelishi kerak. Ikki elektr holatga ega bo‘lgan elektr sxemalarni yaratishning nisbatan soddaligi shunga olib keldiki, hozirgi zamonaviy raqamli texnika mana shu ikkilik ifodalanish tizimga asoslangan. - Kattalikning biri – 0 ga, ikkinchisi – 1 ga mos kelishi kerak. Ikki elektr holatga ega bo‘lgan elektr sxemalarni yaratishning nisbatan soddaligi shunga olib keldiki, hozirgi zamonaviy raqamli texnika mana shu ikkilik ifodalanish tizimga asoslangan.
- Raqamli qurilmalar ishlash algoritmini ifodalash uchun bul algebrasi yoki mantiq algebrasi qo‘llaniladi. Mantiq algebrasi doirasida raqamli sxema kirish, chiqish va ichki qismlariga mos ravishda bul o‘zgaruvchilari o‘rnatiladi va ular faqat ikki qiymat qabul qilishi mumkin: X=0 agar X 1; X=1 agar X 0.
- Bul algebrasi asosiy amallari bo‘lib mantiqiy qo‘shuv, ko‘paytiruv va inkor amallari hisoblanadi.
Mantiqiy qo‘shuv. Bu amal YoKI amali yoki diz’yunksiya deb ataladi. Ikki o‘zgaruvchini mantiqiy qo‘shish postulatlari 1 – jadvalda keltirilgan. - Mantiqiy qo‘shuv. Bu amal YoKI amali yoki diz’yunksiya deb ataladi. Ikki o‘zgaruvchini mantiqiy qo‘shish postulatlari 1 – jadvalda keltirilgan.
- Bunday jadvallar haqiqiylik jadvallari deb ataladi. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, bu amal ixtiyoriy o‘zgaruvchilar soniga mo‘ljallangan. Amal bajarilayotgan o‘zgaruvchilar soni, uning belgisidan oldin turgan raqam bilan ko‘rsatiladi. Demak, 1 – jadvalda 2YoKI amali bajarilgan. Mantiqiy qo‘shuv YoKI amalini bajaruvchi element (elektron sxema) shartli belgisi 1 a – rasmda keltirilgan.
1- jadval - 1- jadval
- Mantiqiy qo‘paytiruv. Bu amal HAM amali yoki kon’yunksiya deb ataladi. Mantiqiy ko‘paytiruv postulatlari 2 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Mantiqiy HAM amalini bajaruvchi element shartli belgisi 1 b – rasmda ifodalangan.
- 2 - jadval
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Mantiqiy inkor. Inkor amali inversiya yoki to‘ldirish deb ataladi. Inkor postulatlari 3 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Inversiya amalini bajaruvchi mantiqiy element shartli belgisi 1 v – rasmda keltirlgan

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Mantiqiy inkor. Inkor amali inversiya yoki to‘ldirish deb ataladi. Inkor postulatlari 3 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Inversiya amalini bajaruvchi mantiqiy element shartli belgisi 1 v – rasmda keltirlgan
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bet | 3/9 | Sana | 21.05.2024 | Hajmi | 1,07 Mb. | | #248898 |
Bog'liq 12-MA\'RUZA Mantiqiy inkor. Inkor amali inversiya yoki to‘ldirish deb ataladi. Inkor postulatlari 3 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Inversiya amalini bajaruvchi mantiqiy element shartli belgisi 1 v – rasmda keltirlgan. - Mantiqiy inkor. Inkor amali inversiya yoki to‘ldirish deb ataladi. Inkor postulatlari 3 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Inversiya amalini bajaruvchi mantiqiy element shartli belgisi 1 v – rasmda keltirlgan.
- 3– jadval
Elementar mantiqiy HAM, YoKI, EMAS amallarini bajaradigan mantiqiy elementlardan foydalanib ancha murakkab amallarni bajaradigan elementlar va ularga mos keluvchi elektron sxemalar yaratish mumkin. - Elementar mantiqiy HAM, YoKI, EMAS amallarini bajaradigan mantiqiy elementlardan foydalanib ancha murakkab amallarni bajaradigan elementlar va ularga mos keluvchi elektron sxemalar yaratish mumkin.
- Turli amallarni bajaradigan elementtlar IMSlar ko‘rinishida ko‘plab ishlab chiqariladi. Mantiqiy IMSlar seriyalarga birlashadilar. Har bir seriya asosida ma’lum bir mantiqiy amalni bajaruvchi elektr sxemadan tashkil topgan negiz element yotadi, masalan HAM-EMAS mantiqiy amali (Sheffer elementi) yoki YoKI-EMAS mantiqiy amali (Pirs elementi). Raqamli integral mikrosxemalar yaratishda turli murakkab mantiqiy amallarni bajaradigan sxemalarni yasashda faqat bitta HAM-EMAS, yoki YoKI-EMAS mantiqiy elementidan foydalanish talab qilinishi bilan ham ajralib turadi.
- 12.2. Mantiqiy IMS parametrlari
- Axborotni kodlash usuliga ko‘ra mantiqiy elementlar potensial va impuls usullariga bo‘linadilar.
- Mantiqiy elementlarning ko‘pchiligi potensial hisoblanadi, ya’ni ularda ikkilik axborot ikkita elektr potensial daraja ko‘rinishida ifodalanadi: mantiqiy 0 – past potensial U0, mantiqiy 1 – yuqori potensial U1. Impuls mantiqiy elementlarda mantiqiy birga - impulsning mavjudligi, mantiqiy nolga – uning mavjud emasligi mos keladi.
- IMS potensial mantiqiy elementlari quyidagi parametrlar bilan xarakterlanadi:
- mantiqiy «0» va «1» kuchlanishlari - U0 va U1;
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Mantiqiy inkor. Inkor amali inversiya yoki to‘ldirish deb ataladi. Inkor postulatlari 3 – jadvalda keltirilgan. Inversiya amalini bajaruvchi mantiqiy element shartli belgisi 1 v – rasmda keltirlgan
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Nukus filiali

O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALAR VAZIRLIGI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI
NUKUS FILIALI
“AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI” KAFEDRASI
“KOMPYUTER INJINIRINGI” YO’NALISHI
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«Himoyaga ruhsat etildi»
Kafedra mudiri
f.-m.f.n., dots. Tureniyazova A.
_____________________
2023 y. «___»__________
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«Python dasturlash tilidan foydalanib tasvirlarga dastlabki
ishlov beruvchi dastur yaratish»
mavzusida
BITIRUV MALAKAVIY ISHI
Bitiruvchi: ________________ A.Kuzenbayev
Ilmiy rahbar: ________________ K.Serikbaev
Ilmiy maslahatchi: ________________ K.Erejepov
Nukus-2023
MUNDARIJA
KIRISH 3
I BOB. KOMPYUTER RAFIKASIDA TASVIRLAR VA ULARNI QAYTA ISHLASH 5
1.1. Kompyuter grafikasi haqida asosiy ma’lumotlar. 5
1.2. Kompyuter grafikasi turlari. 8
1.3. Tasvirlarga dastlabki ishlov berish usullari. 13
II BOB. PYTHON DASTURLASH TILIDA TASVIRLARGA DASTLABKI ISHLOV BERISH ASOSLARI 22
2.1. Pyton dasturlash tili va uning imkoniyatlari 22
2.2. Pythonda dasturlash tilida grafika bilan ishlash asoslari 28
2.3. Python va OpenCV kutubxonasi yordamida tasvirlarga ishlov berish. 32
III BOB. PYTHON DASTURLASH TILIDAN FOYDALANIB TASVIRLARGA DASTLABKI ISHLOV BERUVCHI DASTUR YARATISH. 39
3.1. Pythonda OpenCV moduli orqali tasvirlarga dastlabki ishlov berish. 39
3.2. Pythonda PyQt yordamida ish stoli ilovasini (GUI) yaratish. 43
3.3. Tasvirlarga dastlabki ishlov beruvchi dastur. 46
XULOSA 50
FOYALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR 52
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Kuzov, yurish qismi, transmissiya va boshqarish tizimlari

Kuzov, yurish qismi, transmissiya va boshqarish tizimlari 16 Chiqarish tizimi va maxkamlanish
N
N
N
N
N
17 Katalizator
N N N N N N N N N
18 Tormoz suyuqligi
N N A N A N A N A N A
19 Oldingi
tormoz
mexanizmlari
disklari va kolodkalari
N N N A N N N A N N
20 Orqa
tormoz
mexanizmlari
barabanlari va kolodkalar
N N N N N N N N N N A
21 To’xtab turish tormozi
N N N N N N N N N N
22 Tormoz tizimi quvur o’tkazgich-lari
va ularning birikmalari, tormoz
kuchaytirgichi
N N N N N N N N N N
23 G’ildirak gupchagi podshipniklari
N
N
N
N
N
24 Uzatmalar qutisidagi moy
N N N N N N N N N N
25 Tormoz
va
ilashish
muftasi
tepkilarining erkin yo’li
N N N N N N N N N N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
12
26 Ilashish
muftasi
yurutmasidagi
suyuqlik
N A N A N A N A N N
27 Shassining rezbali birikmalari
N N N N N N N N N N
28 Shinalar va undagi havo bosimi
N N N N N N N N N N
29 G’ildiraklarning
o’rnatish
burchaklari
Shinalarni notekis eyilishida va avtomobilni bir
tomonga tortib harakatlanishida va h.k. tekshiriladi
30 Rul chambaragi va rul yuritmasi
N N N N N N N N N N
31 Rul
boshqarmasi
quvur
o’tkazgichlari va suyuqligi
N N N N N N N N N N
32 Yarim o’q sharnirlarining himoya
g’iloflari
N N N N N N N N N N N
33 Himoya tasmalari, qulflar, qotirish
birikmalari
N
N
N
N
N
34 Eshik osmalari, qulflar, sharnirlar,
kuzov detallari qistirmalari
N N N N N N N N N N
4
N-
nazorat, texnik holatni tekshirish va aniqlash. Zarur holatlarda suyuqliklar sathini
me’yoriga keltirish yoki birikmalarni tozalash, sozlash va mahkamlash.
Xulosa: 
Talaba - Transport vositalari muhandisligi

11
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____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
II.Jihozlar va asboblar:__________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
IV. Dizel dvigatellarning yonilgi ta’minlash tizimini texnik servis texnologiyasi:
b) Dizel dvigateli
__________________________________________________________________
- Dizel dvigateli yonilgi ta’minlash tizimi nosozliklari:
___________________________________________________________________
-tizimni tashqi nazorat qilish natijalari:
___________________________________________________________________
-tizimga avtomobilda TXK tartibi:
___________________________________________________________________
b) Dizel dvigatel
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
-tizimni tashqi nazorat qilish natijalari:
___________________________________________________________________
-tizimga avtomobilda TXK tartibi:
Umumiy malumotlar: kartonli filtrlovchi elementga havo filtrini kirlanganlik
darajasini bildiruvchi indikator ko'rsatmasiga muvofiq xizmat ko'rsatiladi. Agar element
kartoni kulrang (qurum bosmagan) bo'lsa, uni 0,2 - 0,3 MPa bosim ostidagi siqilgan havo
bilan purkaladi. Kartonga chang, qurum, moy yoki yonilg'i yopishgan bo'lsa, u holda
element, yuvish moddasi qo'shilib 40 - 50°C isitilgan suvda yuviladi. Bu eritmaga element
10-15 daqiqa davomida solib qo'yiladi, so'ng toza suvda chayiladi va quritiladi.
O'rnatishdan oldin filtrlovchi elementning holati, lining ichiga lampa yoqib yorug'lik
bilan tekshirib ko'riladi. Yirtilishlar, teshilishlar va boshqa shikastlanishlar bo'lishiga
yo'l qo'yilmaydi.
Filtrlovchi elementni har bir 2-TXK da yuvish va bir marta kuzda, uni yangisi bilan
almashtirish tavsiya etiladi. Ikki yoki uch marta 2-TXK dan so'ng, havo kiritish
tizmining germetikligini tekshirib ko'rish zarur. (1-rasm).
14-chizma. СДТА stendining
asosiy shakli:
7-yuqori; 2-g'ilof; 4-qalpoq; 5-kirgazma; 6-to'r-filtr; 7-rotor; -tiqin.
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19
A)
B)
A-farani tekshiruvchi PRAF-2 asbobi; 1-optik
kamera, 2-to’g’ri burchakli prizma, 3-buraluvchi
o’q.
B-Optik kamera shakli; 1-linza, 2-fotoelement, 3-
milliampermetr, 4-ekran.
. Jihozlar va asboblar:
-Avtomobil turi ___________________
-Avtomobil turi uchun yoritgichlarni
sozlash ekrani shakli va uning o’lchamlari:
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
b) farani tekshirishda asbobni o’rnatish shakli:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
-Faranitekshirish va sozlash tartibi:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
-O’t oldirish momentini o’rnatish ketma-ketligi.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
-Xulosa:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
IV. Ishning bajarish tartibi

3
6 Yonilg’i filtri
(yonilg’i nasosi ostidagi)
N A A A A A A A A A A
7 Yonilg’i quvur o’tkazgichlari va
birikmalar
N
N
N
N
N
8 Havo tozalagich filtri
N N A N N A N N A N
9 O’t oldirish momenti
N
N
N
N
N
10 O’t oldirish shami
N A N A N A N A N A
11 O’t oldirish taqsimlagichi rotori va
qopqog’i
N
N
N
N
N
12 Osma jihozlar va priborlarning
qotirilganligi
N
N
13 Karterning shamollatish tizimi
N
N
14 Taqsimlash vali tasmasi
N
A
N
15 Yonilg’i bakini tekshirish va tozalash
N
N
N
N
N
Talaba - Transport vositalari muhandisligi

6
III.Jihozlar va asboblar:__________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
1.Mersedes Bens avtomobili TS ida bajariladigan ishlar tarkibi bilan tanishish.
2.Davriy (har 8 ming km da) TS da bajariladigan ishlarni avtomobilda o’rganib
ko’nikma hosil qilish.
3.ATK da KXK ishlarini tashkil qilish jarayoni bilan tanishish.
4.ATK da avtomobillarga KXK zonasi bilan tanishish.
5.ATK da avtomobillarni yuvish uchun ishlatiladigan jihozlar, uning tuzilishi
va texnik tavsifi bilan tanishish.
6.Har bir turdagi avtomobilni yuvish uchun suv sarfini aniqlash.
7.KXK zonasining ish grafigi, ishchilar soni va kunlik ish hajmi bilan tanishish.
Xulosa: 
Talaba - Transport vositalari muhandisligi

31
LABORATORIYA MASHG’ULOTI №-15
Mavzu: : Benzinda ishlovchi dvigatellardan chiqadigan chiqindi gazlar
tarkibidagi zaharli birikmalar miqdorini aniqlash. Dizel yonilg’isida
ishlovchi dvigatellardan chiqadigan chiqindi gazlarning tutash darajasini
aniqlash
(2-soat)
I.Ishdan maqsad:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
II. Ishning mazmuni:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
III. Jihozlar:
____________________________________________________________________
Asbobning tuzilishi: GAI-1
gazoanalizatori optik blok, proba tayorlash va
elektrik
sxemadan, ya’ni modulyator generatori,
chastotalarni ajratuvchi,
sinxronlash qurilmasidan tashkil topgan.
Asbobni ishga tayorlash: "Kalibr-1", "Nasos-2", "VKL-3" (1-rasm)
tugmachalar o’chirilgan (vo’klyucheno) holatida bo’lishi kerak. Gazoanalizatorga
elektr ta’minoti simi ulanadi. Gaz olish zondini 200-450 mm uzunlikdagi naycha
va tozalash filtri bilan biriktiriladi, keyin ular 5000-6000 mm.li
rezina shlangasi
bilan API-6 gaz olish qurilmasiga ulanadi. Nihoyat, gazoanalizatorni ishlash
qobiliyati tekshiriladi:
1-rasm.Gazoanalizatorning tuzilishi
a) Asbob 12 voltli kuchlanishga ulanadi.
b) 30
min davomida gazoanalizator
qizdirib olinadi.
v) "Nasos" tugmachasi bosiladi.
g) "Kalibr" tugmasini bosib asbob
kalibrovka
qilinadi, ya’ni strelkasi "O"
belgisiga dastak yordamida keltiriladi.
e) So’ngra "Kalibr" tugmasi qayta bosiladi, ya’ni o’chiriladi.
IGlarda zaharli moddalarning mujassamlanishi (konsentratsiyasi) quyidagi
oraliqlarda o'zgarishi mumkin:
Kimyoviy birligi
Dizel
Uchqundan o't
oldiriladigan
dvigatellar
Uglerod oksidi SO, foiz
0,1-0,5
0,1-6,0
Azot oksidi, foiz
0,05-0,2
0-0,4
Uglevodorodlar, foiz
0,01-0,03
0,05-0,2
-Avtomobilni tashqi nazorat qilish natijalari (asosiy nosozliklar va

7
1-XKJ:
2-XKJ:
3-XKJ:
4-XKJ:
Xulosa:
Talaba:
_________________
Rahbar:
_________________
LABORATORIYA MASHG’ULOTI-3 (2 soat)
Mavzu. « Avtomobillar texnik servisida moylash ishlari texnologiyasi »
mavzusidagi laboratoriya ishi bo’yicha
I.Ishdan maqsad:________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
II.Ishning mazmuni:____________________________________________.
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
III.Jihozlar va asboblar:__________________________________________
1-jadval
Avtomobillarni moylash xaritasi
(Avtomobilning servis xizmatgacha yurgan yo’li_______ km).
№