nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Yorug’lik parametrlarini o’rnatish

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Yorug’lik parametrlarini o’rnatish
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bet | 10/19 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 1,26 Mb. | | #262180 |
Bog'liq Kirish. 3D studio max dasturi haqida umumiy tushunchalarYorug’lik parametrlarini o’rnatish. Buning uchun quyidagi ishlarni qilish kerak.
1. General Parameters (umumiy parametrlar) majmuasida yorug’lik parametrlarini sozlang.
Multiplier (kuchaytirgich) yorug’lik intensivligining umumiy darajasini sozlaydi.
Contrast (kontrast) yoritilgan sirt yoritgidh rangi va diffuzion rang sohalari o’rtasidagi kontrasni (farqni) beradi. Sukut vaziyatda u 0 ga teng.
Soften Diff Edge (diffuzion rang chegaralarini yo’qotish) yoritgich va diffuzion akslanish sohalari o’rtasidagi chegaralarini yo’qotishga imkon beradi. 100% miqdorni o’rnatish diffuzion akslanish sohalari va yoritgich o’rtasidagi qat’iy chegaralarini yo’qotishga olib keladi, lekin bunda sirtning yoritish darajasi pasayadi.
Affect Diffuse (diffuz rangga ta’sir etadi) va Affect Specular (ko’zgu rangiga ta’sir etadi). Sukut vaziyatida ikkala parametr ham o’rnatiladi, lekin yorug’lik bitta manbaini faqat diffuzion akslanishning sohasini yoritish uchun ishlatish mumkin, ikkinchisi esa faqat ko’zga akslanishni beradi.
Yorug’likni o’rnatish. Yaratilgan ko’rinish etarli darajada yoritilgan bo’lishi lozim, aks holda undagi ob’ektlar ko’rinmay qoladi.
Yorg’lik manbasini yaratish. Ko’rinish yoritilishida yorug’lik mahbasining besh tipini har tomonga yo’naltirilgan (Opsii), chiqayotgan yorug’ har tomonga bir xil maromda uzatilgan;
erkin yo’naltirilgan manba (Free Direct);
aniq yo’naltirilgan manba (Target Direct);
aniq yo’naltirilgan projektor (Free Spot);
erkin yo yaltirilgan projektor (Target Spot) .
Yorug’lik manbaini yaratishdan oldin, ekranda sfera shaklini chizing.
Create(Yaratish) buyruqlar panelida knopku Lights (Yorug’lik manbai) tugmani tanlang. Bunda Object Type (Ob’ekt tipi) maydonida turli xildagi yorug’lik manbalari tipini namoyon bo’ladi.
TaixjzL Spdt (Aniq yo’naltirilgan projektor) satrida ChS tugmasini tanlaymiz.
60’ lik korinish oynasida ChS tugmasini sichqoncha bilan bosib turib, hosil bo’lgan konusni mavjud ob’ektga yonaltiramiz.
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Ob’yektning aks ettirilish rejimini tanlash

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Ob’yektning aks ettirilish rejimini tanlash
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bet | 16/19 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 1,26 Mb. | | #262180 |
Bog'liq Kirish. 3D studio max dasturi haqida umumiy tushunchalar
Ob’yektni ajratish. 3 Ds Max da ob’yektlarni ajratishning bir necha usullari mavjud. Eng oddiysi – asosiy qurilmalar panelida joylashgan Select Object
(ob’yektni belgilash) qurilmasi ob’yektini bosishdir. Ob’yekt oq bo’ladi, qachonki, siz Wireframe (Karkas) ob’yektlarini aks etish rejimida turgan bo’lsangiz.
Wireframe (Karkas) rejimida ajratilgan ob’yekt. Wireframe (Karkas) rejimida ishlaganda, yaxshisi ob’yektni aks ettirish uchun oq rangni tanlamagan yaxshi, chunki ob’yektlarni ajratilgan va ajratilmagan ob’yektlar o’rtasidagi farqlanishlar ko’rinmaydi. Smooth + Highlights (tekislangan) rejimida ajratilgan ob’yektning atrofida kvadrat orasida oq rang chiqadi.
Smooth + Highlights (tekislangan) rejimida ob’yektni ajratish.
Bittadan ortiq ob’yektlarni ajratishda Ctrl tugmachasidan-foydalanish mumkin. Ctrl tugmachasi ushlab turgan holda siz xoxlagan ob’yektni ajratib tugmachani bosing. Ajaratil-gan ob’yektlarni o’chirish uchun Alt tugmachsini bosib turgan holda siz o’chirib yuborish uchun xoxlagan ob’yektlarni bosing.
Bir necha ob’yektlarni bir vaqtni o’zida tanlashni boshqa yo’li – sohani belgilash. Bu rejimda ob’yektlarni belgilashnngi bir necha yo’llari mavjud. Rectangular Selection Region (to’g’riburchakli sohalarni belgilash). Bu rejimda ob’yektlarni belgilash uchun sichqonning o’ng tugmachasini ushlagan holda bosing, to’g’riburchakli proyeksiya oynasini chizing. Mazkur to’g’riburchak ichida joylashgan ob’yektlar belgilanadi.
Rectangular Selection Region (to’g’riburchakli sohalarni belgilash) rejimida ob’yektlarni ajratish. Shuningdek, turli shakllar yakunida ob’yektlarni ajratish mumkin (masalan, aylana). Ajratilgan ob’yekt rejimiga bog’lanib sohalarni ajratishda asosiy panel qurilmalari tugmacha-laridan foydalanish kerak.
Beshta variantga ajratish mumkin.
Sohaga ajratish tugmachasi. Sohalarga ajratishda tashqi chizilgan tugmacha yordamida Windows/Crossing (oyna/kesishish) yonida joylashgan tugmachadan foydalanish mumkin. Bundan tashqari tanish bo’lgan Rectangular Selection Region (to’g’riburchakli sohalarni belgilash), bu quyidagilar:
Circular Selection Region (ajratilgan aylanma soha);
Fence Sele Region (lassoga ajratish);
Paint Selection Region (bo’g’inlarga ajratish).
Qachonki sohalarga ajratish Crossing (kesishish) rejimiga ulanganda barcha sohalarga ajratilgan holda, shu bilan birga to’liq yoki qisman to’g’ri kelishi mumkin. Agar Window (oyna) rejimiga ulanganda esa ajratilgan sohaga tushgan ob’yektgina ajratiladi.
Biron bir ko’rgazma ob’yektini ajratish uchun menyudagi Edit – Select By –
Name (to’g’rilash-ajratish bo’yicha-nomi) buyrug’idan foydalanish mumkin. Bundan keyin oynada barcha ko’rgazma ob’yektlari ro’yxatida Select Objects
(Ob’yektni tanlash) paydo bo’ladi.
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Ko‘rsatkichlari - «oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi» bakalavr...

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«oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi» bakalavr ta’lim yо‘nalishi uchun
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bet | 51/107 | Sana | 21.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,58 Mb. | | #125754 |
Bog'liq portal.guldu.uz-ma`ruzalar kursiKo‘rsatkichlari
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Tavsifi
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Tashqi ko‘rinishi
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Kartoshka donalari toza, ko‘zchalarsiz, qishloq xo‘jalik zararkunandalari bilan zararlanmagan. Kartoshka donalari yuzasi ozroq qurigan, lekin qurib ketmagan bo‘lishi kerak.
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Rangi
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Oq rangdan oqishroq ranggacha, ya’ni yangi tozalanganga xos bo‘lishi lozim.
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Konsistensiyasi
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Zich, yangi kartoshkaga xos.
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Hidi
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O‘ziga xos, begona hidsiz.
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YArim tayyor mahsulotda CO2 miqdori
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Bunday yarim tayyor mahsulotlardan tayyorlangan pazandalik mahsulotlari ta’m va hidi jihatidan yangi archilgan kartoshkadan qolishmasligi kerak.
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“Tozalangan yangi oqbosh karam” yarim tayyor mahsulotlarining
tafsivi
Ko‘rsatkichlari
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Tavsifi
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Tashqi ko‘rinishi
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Karam boshi yangi, toza, bo‘laklanmagan, qishloq xo‘jalik zararkunandalari bilan zararlanmagan. Karam barglari so‘lmagan.
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Rangi
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Oq rangdan oqishroq ranggacha, karam turiga xos.
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Konsistensiyasi
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Zich, yangi karamga xos.
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Ta’m va hidi
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O‘ziga xos, begona ta’m va hidsiz.
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Kattaligi
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Tozalangan pez pishar karamning og‘irligi 0,35 kg dan, o‘rta va kech pishar karamlarning og‘irligi 0,65 kg dan kam bo‘lmasligi kerak.
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Bosh sahifa
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«oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi» bakalavr ta’lim yо‘nalishi uchun
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Tidak diperdagangkan - bet 36

Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti
123
Tanggapan Orang Tua tentang Implementasi Materi Ini
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Sikap
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Pengetahuan
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Keterampilan
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Paraf Orang Tua
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Bab 8
Hormati dan Sayangi
Orang Tua dan
Gurumu
HormatiHormatiSayangiSayangiTua
OrangtuaGurumuGurumu
Pentingnya
Menghormati
Orangtua
Pentingnya
Menghormati
Guru
Cara Berbaktikepada
Orangtua
dan Guru
Menelaah pentingnya
menghormati dan menyayangi
Orangtua danGuru
Terbiasa Menghormati
MENGHORMATI
ORANGTUA DAN GURU
124
Kelas XI SMA/MA/SMK/MAK
dan dan Orang
dandan
Tua
Tua
Orang Tua dan Guru
Pentingnya
orang guru
TERBIASA
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 8.1 Foto keluarga
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 8.2 Seorang ibu menggendong
anaknya
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 8.3 Seorang anak mencium tangan ayahnya
Aktivitas Siswa:
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Membuka Relung Hati
Kita semua pasti memiliki orang
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Nordonlikni me’yorlovchilar - «oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi»...

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«oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi» bakalavr ta’lim yо‘nalishi uchun
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bet | 62/107 | Sana | 21.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,58 Mb. | | #125754 |
Bog'liq portal.guldu.uz-ma`ruzalar kursiNordonlikni me’yorlovchilar
Ishqorlovchi moddalar yoki asoslar quruq sochiluvchan ichimliklar ishlab chiqarishda, pechene ishlab chiqarishda ko‘pirgichlar, shuningdek, ba’zi mahsulotlar (masalan, quyulitilgan sut)nordonligini kamaytiruvchi modda sifatida foydalaniladi (2-jadval).
Natriy bikorbanat () ishqorlovchi, suspenziyalarni stabillovchi va ko‘pirgich sifatida ishlatiladi. Undan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarida foydalanish xech qanday zararli ta’sirlarni chaqirmaydi.
Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari uchun shirinlashtiruvchi moddalar.
2-jadval
Asoslar
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Qo‘llanilishi
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Asoslar qo‘llashga ruxsat etilgan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari
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Mahsulotda ruxsat etilgan miqdorimg /kg
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Natriy bikorbanat
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Kislotalilikni kamaytirish uchun
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Quyultirilgan sut
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300
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Suspenziyalar stablizatori
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Kakao kukuni
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limitlanmagan
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ko‘pirgich
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Pechene
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limitlanmagan
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Natriy karbonat
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Mineral suv ta’miga xos ta’m hosil qilish
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Quruq o‘ynoqi ichimliklar
Selter suvi
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-//-
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Ammoniy karbonat
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Emulgator
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Kakao kukuni
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-//-
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Ko‘pirgich
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Pechene
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-//-
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Natriy karbonatdan quruq o‘ynoqi ichimliklar va selter suvlari tayyorlashda foydalaniladi.
Ammoniy karbonat pechene ishlab chiqarishda ko‘pirgich va emulgator sifatida ishlatiladi.
Yuqorida sanab o‘tilgan moddalar gigienik nuqtai nazardan xech qanday qarshiliklar keltirib chiqarmaydi, ya’ni bu toksikologik muammo emas, ko‘proq dietologik muammo hisoblanadi. Ko‘rib o‘tilgan moddalar zararli xossalarga ega emas, shunga ko‘ra u oziqaviy qo‘shimcha sifatida chegaralanmaydi.
Oziqa tizimini ishqorlash uchun ba’zi bir Na (E524), K (E525), Ca (E526), NH (E527), Mg(E528) gidroksidlari, CaO (E529), MgO (E530) kabilardan ham foydalaniladi. Xuddi karbonatlar kabi gidroksid va oksidlar biror mahsulot uchun texnologik masalalar bilan reglamentlanadi.
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
«oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari texnologiyasi» kafedrasi 5321000-«Oziq-ovqat texnologiyasi» bakalavr ta’lim yо‘nalishi uchun
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Biomassa - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

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«elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»
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bet | 27/71 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,27 Mb. | | #140050 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-2021Biomassa — chiqindini yoqish natijasida olinadigan energiyadir. Amalda biomassa bu — chiqindi. Qurigan daraxt yoki ularning shox-shabbasi, tomorqadan poliz o‘simliklarining ildizpoyalari, yog‘och qobig‘i va qirindilari kabilardir. Bunday chiqindilar tarkibi chorva fermalarida ozuqa va to‘shama sifatida ishlatiladigan somon hamdir.
Ko‘proq miqdorda qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlari: don, paxta, makkajo‘xori va boshqalar bo‘lishi mumkin. Odatda uyimizdan chiqqan, maishiy chiqindilar chiqindixonaga chiqarilib, ko‘mib tashlanadi. Maishiy chiqindi ham biomassaning bir turi, undan ham bioyoqilg‘i ishlab chiqarishda foydalanish mumkin.
Biomassadan foydalanish juda oddiy. Maxsus pechlar yoqilib, qozonlarda suv isitiladi, buqqa aylantirib va elektr energiyasi olish uchun trubinalar aylantiradi.
Biomassa energiyasi — biomassani chiqitga chiqarish, biogaz olish va foydalanish energetikaning istiqbolli yo‘nalishi hisoblanadi. Biomassa manbalariga qattiq maishiy, sanoat chiqindilari, shaharning loyqa va oqava suvlari va chorvachilik, o‘simlik qoldiqlari, o‘rmon mahsulotlari, xususan, yog‘och tayyorlash va jo‘natishda, yog‘och materiallari ishlab chiqarishdagi, yog‘och, qog‘oz massalari va boshqa chiqindilar kiradi.
Biogazning tarkibi 4.4.1. - jadval
Ko‘rsatkichlar
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Metan
SN4
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SO2
Kompo-netlari
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N2
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N2S
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Boshlang‘ich xom ashyo - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

Boshlang‘ich xom ashyo
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1 kg quruq moddadan ajralib chiqadigan biogaz, l/kg.
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Gaz tarkibidagi metan, foiz
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O‘t-o‘lan
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630
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70
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Daraxt barglari
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220
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59
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Qarag‘ay ninalari
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370
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69
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Kartoshka poyasi
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420
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60
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Makka poyasi
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420
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53
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Bug‘doy poyasi
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340
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58
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Pista sheluxasi
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300
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60
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Yirik shoxli mol go‘ngi
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200–300
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60
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Ot go‘ngi poxoli bilan
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250
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56–60
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Uy chiqindisi va axlati
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600
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50
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Fekal
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250–310
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60
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Oqar suvlarning qattiq cho‘kindisi
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570
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70
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Biogaz uskunalari har xil hajmda bo‘lishi va uy xo‘jaligida har xil hayvonlarning go‘ngidan foydalanish mumkin. Hozirgi paytda O‘zbekistonda 9341 chorva fermalari, 3,3 million dehqon, 66134 fermer xo‘jaliklari ishlab turibdi. Ularda 7,0 mln. boshdan ortiq qoramol, 24,6 ming bosh parranda, 92,7 ming bosh cho‘chqa, 14,0 mln. bosh qo‘y-echkilar mavjud. Ko‘rinib turibdiki, kelajakda biogaz qurilmalaridan keng foydalanish uchun etarlicha imkoniyat bor.
Biogaz, shuningdek, botqoqda va ko‘l tubida organik qoldiqlar, chirish sharoitida ko‘p namlik va kislorod bo‘lmaganligidan ham paydo bo‘ladi. Bundan tashqari, anaerob sharoitida yashash qobiliyati, metan hosil qilish qobiliyatidagi mikroorganizmlarning boshqa xususiyatlarga ham ega. Ular yog‘ochning asosiy ingredienti sellyulozani hazm qilishi mumkin. Bu bakteriyalarning yana bir xususiyati, temperatura, kislotali, suv hajmi va boshqalarda yashash sharoitiga juda sezgir hisoblanadi.
Chiqindixonada biomassadan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri biogaz olishda foydalanilsa bo‘ladi. CHiqindi chirishi davomida metan gazi ajralib chiqadi. Ular trubalarda to‘planib, issiqlik elektrstansiyasiga yuboriladi, u erda aralashma tabiiy gaz bilan qo‘shilib, elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarishda foydalaniladi.
Bunday usulni chorva va parranda fermalarida ham qo‘llash mumkin. CHorva go‘ngi chirishi davomida metan ishlab chiqaradi, uni xo‘jalikda elektr va issiqlik energiyasi maqsadlarida ishlatish mumkin.
SHunday qilib, biomassa va biogaz atmosferaga zararli gazlar (karbonat angdrid va metan) chiqishini kamaytiradi va qo‘shimcha elektr va issiqlik energiyasi ishlab chiqaradi. Ushbu o‘simlik va chorvachilik dunyosi chiqindisidan doimiy asosda qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbasini paydo qiladi.
O‘zbekistondagi qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbasining imkoniyatlari 4.4.3. - jadval
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foiz SH4 - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

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«elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»
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bet | 28/71 | Sana | 18.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,27 Mb. | | #140050 |
Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-202160 foiz SH4+
40 foiz SO2
aralashmalari
Hajmdagi hissasi, foiz
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55-70
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27-44
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1
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3
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100
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Hajmdagi yonish icsiqligi, MDj/m3
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35,8
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10,8
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22,8
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-
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21,5
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Yonish temperaturasi , S0
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650-750
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-
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585
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-
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650-750
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Zichligi:
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Normal, g/l
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0,72
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1,98
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0,09
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1,54
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1,2
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Xavfli holat, g/l
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102
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408
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31
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349
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320
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Mutaxassislarning hisob-kitobiga ko‘ra, biomassadan olinadigan energiya O‘zbekiston energetika ehtiyojining 15–19 foizni qonidira oladi. Energiya ishlab chiqarishning bunday usuli, ma’lum darajada atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish muammosini hal etishda mamlakat qishloq xo‘jaligini yuqori sifatli o‘g‘it bilan ta’minlaydi. Biogaz uskunalari alohida parranda fabrikalari va bo‘rdoqichilik, chorvachilik komplekslarida sinovdan muvaffaqiyatli o‘tgan edi. Lekin hozircha keng tarqalmadi, ommalashmadi.
Biogaz. Odamlar biogazdan 200 yildan beri foydalanib kelmoqdalar. Elektr paydo bo‘lgunga qadar Londonda biogaz er ostidagi kanalizatsiya trubalaridan olingan va maxsus gaz lampalarida ko‘chalarni yoritishga foydalanilib, ko‘cha «gazli shoxi» deyilgan.
Biogaz odatda karbonat angidrid (SO2) va (SN4) metan gazlari aralashmasidir. U havo va kislorod kirishi mumkin bo‘lmagan holatda (kislorod bo‘lmasligi, «anaerob holati» deyiladi), turli biologik mikroorganizmlar parchalanishidan hosil bo‘ladi. Xashak bilan oziqlanadigan hayvonlar, jumladan, yirik va mayda shoxli mollar ko‘p hajmda biogaz ishlab chiqaradi. Aniqrog‘i, hayvonlarning o‘zi emas, ularning me’da-ichak tizimida yashovchi mikroorganizmlar ishlab chiqaradi.
Xom ashyo turlaridan biogaz ajralib chiqishi 4.4.2. - jadval
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Kundalik va yillik yuklamalar grafigi

Kundalik va yillik yuklamalar grafigi
Elektr tarmoqlaridan ya’ni, liniya va transformatorlardan oquvchi quvvat (yuklama) kun va yil davomida doim o’zgarib turadi, chunki iste’molchilarning ishga tushish va to’xtash vaqtlari bir–biriga to’g’ri kelmaydi. Bundan tashqari elektr dvigatellarini yuklash ham bajarilayotgan ishning turiga qarab o’zgarib turadi: Masalan, me’yorlash stanogida elektr dvigatelining tarmoqdan oluvchi quvvati parmaning diametri va unga zarur bo’lgan bosim kuchiga bog’liq.
5.2–rasm. Kommunal maishiy yuklama uchun kunlik grafik
Elektr tarmog’ida yuklamani kun va yil davomida o’zgarishini ko’rsatish uchun elektr yuklama grafiklari xizmat qiladi. Bu grafiklarda abstsissa o’qi bo’yicha vaqt–t qo’yilib, ordinata o’qi bo’yicha esa yuklama quvvat–Rmaks o’lchamida yoki maksimal yuklamaning qismlarida qo’yiladi.
Misol sifatida 5.1–rasmda kommunal–maishiy yuklama uchun kunli yuklama grafigi berilgan. Grafikning yuzasi kun davomida olingan energiya Wn–ni ko’rsatadi.
Energiyani 24 soatga bo’lsak, o’rtacha quvvat kelib chiqadi.
Ro’rt= (5.1)
Agar Wn–ni maksimal quvvatga bo’lsak, maksimal quvvatdan foydalanish soatlari soni kelib chiqadi.
Tmaks= (5.2)
Bu ko’rsatkich aksariyat yillik grafikdan aniqlanib (5.2–rasm), uning maonosi quyidagidan iborat: agar yil davomida iste’mol etiladigan energiyani maksimal yuklama qiymatida uzatilsa, u necha soatda iste’mol etilishi mumkinligini ko’rsatadi.
5.3.–rasm. Yuklamani davomiyligi bo’yicha yillik grafik
Bir yilda 365*24=8760 soat bo’lib, Tmaks ning qiymati undan kichik. Masalan, Tmaks ning qiymati kun davomida to’xtovsiz ishlovchi korxonalar uchun 5000–7000 soat, qishloq xo’jalik iste’molchilari uchun esa 3000–3500 soat atrofida.
Elektr yuklamasini aniqlashda uning qiymatiga ta’sir etuvchi sabablarni e’tiborga olish uchun bir qator ko’rsatkichlar qabul qilinadi. Ularning orasidan asosiylari sifatida quvvatdan foydalanish koeffitsienti, yuklama grafigining to’ldirish koeffitsienti, talab koeffitsienti, maksimal koeffitsient, iste’molchilarning keltirilgan soni bo’yicha, aniqlash usuli, elektr energiyasini mahsulot birligiga sarflanish usuli va ulangan quvvat usullarini olish mumkin.
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Issiqlik energiyasini hisobga olish va rostlash

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Issiqlik energiyasini hisobga olish va rostlash
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Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-202112.2. Issiqlik energiyasini hisobga olish va rostlash.
Asosan kichik binolar uchun isitishga ishlatiladigan issiqlik energiyasini berishni rostlash, turli rostlagichlar yordamida avtomatik rejimda amalga oshiriladi. Masalan “Ratsion” turidagi rostlagich, elektr yuritmali rostlovchi klapanga ta’sir qilib, tashqi havo va issiqlik tashuvchining haroratini o’lchaydi, dam olish kunlari va tungi vaqtda issiqlik energiya iste’molini pasaytiradi. Imoratlarning har xil turlari uchun yaroqli rostlagichlar sifatida MR-01, VTR, RP rostlagichlari xizmat qiladi. Harorat rostlagichi RT-95 ham issiqlik ta’minoti tizimini avtomatlashtirishga, issiqlik energiyasini iqtisod qilishga muljallangan. Uni imoratning issiqlik punktida o’rnatish, isitish tizimini soddalash, xonalarda harorat shinamliligini ta’minlash va issiqlik tashuvchi sarfini samarali rostlash imkonini beradi. Issiq suv ta’minoti tizimida suv haroratini avtomatik rostlash ham ko’zda tutilgan bo’lib, u tungi vaqtda uni pasaytirish imkonini beradi.
Issiqlik energiyasini olish, uzatish va iste’mol qilishda turli parametrlarni o’lchash uchun, turli vositalardan foydalaniladi. Masalan, issiqlik energiyasini uy-joy, jamiyat va ishlab-chiqarish binolarini isitish tizimiga berish, avtomatik boshqarishni dasturlash uchun, hamda issiq suv ta’minoti tizimida ART-01 issiqlik energiyasini rostlashga mo’ljallangan. Uning asosiga quyidagi kompleks parametrlar bo’yicha issiqlik tashuvchilarning zarur harorat oqimini hisoblash qo’yilgan: tashqi havo harorati, xona ichidagi harorat, issiqlik tashuvchi oqimiga va hisobotlar natijasiga bog’liq holda bajaruvchi mexanizmlar (rostlovchi klapanlar va nasoslarni) boshqarish.
Haroratni o’lchash datchik (xabarchi)lar yordamida amalga oshiriladi:
mexanik chiqish qiymatlari bilan (suyuqlik harorat o’lchovchilar-asosan TSP, manometrik harorat o’lchovchilar);
elektr chiqish qiymatlari bilan (termopara, termorezistorlar, qarshilik o’lchovchilar);
kontaktsiz harorat o’lchovchilar.
Havo va gazlarning namligini o’lchash gigrometrlar(havodagi namlikni o’lchaydigan asbob) yoki gumidostatlar bilan amalga oshiriladi, boshqa agregat holatlarda namlikni – nam o’lchovchilari yordamida o’lchanadi.
Bosim elektr datchiklari (xabarchilar) bilan o’lchanadi, kichik bosimlarni nazorat qilish uchun quyushqoqlik, issiqlik o’tkazuvchanlik, ionlashtirish darajasini o’lchashda bevosita o’lchov datchiklaridan foydalaniladi.
Umum qabul qilingan holatlarga binoan modda sarfini o’lchashga xizmat qiladigan asbob yoki qurilma sarf o’lchagich deb, moddalar miqdorini o’lchashga xizmat qiladigan asbob yoki qurilma – hisoblagich deb yuritiladi.
Sarfni o’lchashning bir necha usullari mavjud. Sarfni o’lchash va hisoblagichlarning ham turli konstruktiv ko’rinishlari mavjud. Sarf o’lchagichlarining quyidagi turli ko’rinishlari tarqalgan:
turli xil toraytiruvchi qurilmali o’zgaruvchi bosim o’zgarishini o’lchagichlar;
doimiy bosim o’zgarishi;
taxometrik;
elektromagnit;
ultra tovushli.
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Hisobga olish asosiy tizimlari quyidagilardir

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Hisobga olish asosiy tizimlari quyidagilardir
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Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-2021Hisobga olish asosiy tizimlari quyidagilardir:
Elektr energetika tizimi (EET) maksimumida ishtirok etayotgan da’vo qilingan maksimal yuklama uchun asosiy normali tarifda, kecha-kunduzning ma’lum soatlaridagi maksimum yuklamaning kilovatt soatlarda hisobga olinadigan hisoblagichlar hamda aktiv energiyani kilovatt soat hisoblagichlari, EET maksimumi o’tgan soatlar bilan bir vaqtda o’lchaydigan maxsus hisoblagichlar qo’llaniladi.
Yarim soatli maksimal yuklamani o’lchash, har kuni energiyani hisobga olishni barcha vaqt davri davomida, EET maksimumi o’tayotgan soatlarida, amalga oshirilishi zarur.
Agar EET ning kutilayotgan maksimumida ertalabki va kechqurungi maksimumlar bo’lsa, u holda shunga mos o’lchashlar, har kecha-kunduzi EET ikkala maksimumi o’tayotgan davrda amalga oshiriladi.
Elektr energiyaga kecha-kunduz zonalari bo’yicha differentsiallangan va EET maksimum soatlarida elektr energiyaga bo’lgan talabni pasaytirish va cho’qqidan chetki zonada, ayniqsa EET yuklama grafigini tungi pasayish soatlarida iste’molni oshirishni rag’batlantiradigan normali tariflarni qo’llashda, kecha-kunduzning mos zonalarida, energiya iste’molini qayd qiladigan aktiv energiya hisoblagichlari zarurdir.
Maxsus hisoblagichlarni boshqarish uchun, maxsus va umumiy aloqa kanallari hamda taqsimlash tarmoqlaridan foydalaniladigan turli teleboshqaruv tizimlari qo’llanilishi mumkin. Dastur o’rnatilgan kontakt soatlari boshqarish keng qullanilmoqda. Kontakt soatlari berilgan dastur bo’yicha ma’lum qayd ulashlarni amalga oshiradagan boshqaradigan vaqt qayta ulagichlari hisoblanadi.
Kontakt soatlarining qo’llash ko’lami ancha keng. Ular kuchli zanjirlarni (ko’chani yoritish, elektr suv isitgichlari, isitish, vitrinalarni yoritish va h.k.) boshqarish, yuklama maksimumida davriy ravishda qayd etish hisoblagichlarni ko’p omili elektr hisoblagichlarni yoqish va o’chirishda ishlatilishi mumkin.
Elektr energiyani markazlashgan hisobga olishning quyidagi asosiy tizimlari mavjud:
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Kichik gidro energetika - «elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»

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«elektr texnikasi, elektr mexanikasi va elektr texnologiyalari»
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Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-2021Kichik gidro energetika. Hozirgi vaqtda GES larni kichik gidrostantsiyalar qatoriga kiritishning aniq mezonlari mavjud emas. Bizlarda quvvati 0.1 dan 30 MVt bo’lgan gidrostantsiyalarni kichik deb qabul qilingan, bunda turbinaning ishchi g’ildiragi diametrini 2 m gacha bo’lishi va birlik quvvati 0.1 MVtdan kam bo’lgan GESlar mikro GES kategoriyasiga kiritilgan.
Hozirgi vaqtda dunyoda gidroenergetika o’z taraqqiyoti tarixida uchinchi o’ramni boshdan kechirmoqda. Birinchi GESlarning qurilishi oldingi asrda boshlangan va ular ayrim zavod va qishloqlarni elektr ta`minotiga mo’ljallangan. Shundan so’ng ularning qurilishi, kichik IES raqobatbardoshligi hisobiga, sekinlashdi. Kichik GES larning ommaviy qurilishining ikkinchi bosqichi 40 yillarning oxiri va 50 yillarning boshlariga to’g’ri keladi, bunda kolxozlar, sovxozlar, korxona va davlat tomonidan minglab kichik GESlar qurildi. 70 – 80 yillarda katta energetikaning yirik issiqlik, gidravlik va atom elektr stantsiyalar bazasida tez rivojlanishi hisobiga, minglab va yuzlab kichik GES lar foydalanishdan chiqarildi, konservatsiya qilindi.
Uchinchi rivojlanish bosqichida kichik GES lar, tabiatni asosiy energetik qurilmalarning yangi texnik darajasida, avtomatlashtirish va kom’yuterlashtirish darajasida qayta tug’ilmoqda.
5-mavzu: Elektr yuklama grafiklari.
Reja:
Elektr yuklama grafiklari.
Kundalik va yillik yuklamalar grafigi
Quvvatdan foydalanish koeffitsientini aniqlash
Yuklamalar grafigini to’lish koeffitsienti
Tayanch so’z va iboralar: kunlik grafik, grafik yuzasi, sarflangan energiya, maksimal quvvat, maksimal quvvatdan foydalanish soatlar soni, yillik soat, yillik grafik, quvvatdan foydalanish koeffitsienti, yuklamalar grafigining to’lish koeffitsienti, aktiv quvvatli yuklama grafigi.
Elektr yuklama grafiklari.
Elektr stantsiyalarda elektr energiyani ishlab-chiqarish va ularni turli mijozlar tomonidan iste’mol qilishi, o’zaro bir-biri bilan bog’langan jarayonlardir. Fizik qonuniyatlardan kelib chiqqan holda, iste’mol etilayotgan energiya quvvati, qandaydir vaqt ichida ishlab chiqarilayotgan quvvatga teng bo’lishi kerak. Afsuski, elektr va issiqlik energiyani bir joyga taxlab qo’yishning iloji yo’q. Energiyaning turli ko’rinishlarini yig’ib qo’yishning ma’lum usullarini amalda qo’llash juda qiyin.
SHu bilan birga ayrim elektr va issiqlik energiyani qabul qiluvchilarning ishlari notekis ketadi va engergiyani ja’mi iste’moli ham notekisdir.
Iste’molchiga kechasiga qaraganda kunduzi, shanba va yakshanba kunlariga qaraganda ishchi kunlari, yozga qaraganda qishda ko’p energiya talab etiladi. Iste’molchi tomonidan elektr va issiqlik energiyasini ma’lum vaqt oralig’ida iste’mol qilish rejimi (korxona, tuman, shahar, mamlakat miqiyosida) yuklama grafigi yordamida tasvirlanadi. Mos ravishda bir kecha kunduz, oylik, yillik yuklama grafiklari mavjud.
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Rasm. Namangan viloyati pop tumanida 48ta xo‘jalik uchun mo‘ljallangan FES

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Rasm. Namangan viloyati pop tumanida 48ta xo‘jalik uchun mo‘ljallangan FES
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Bog'liq Ma\'ruzalar matni-20214.3.5. Rasm. Namangan viloyati pop tumanida 48ta xo‘jalik uchun mo‘ljallangan FES.
Noan’anaviy energetikaning boshqa turlari
Er yuzasi quyosh singari issiqlik energiyasini nurlantiradi. Bu energiya geotermal energiya deb atalib, u odamlarni issiqlik va elektr energiyasi bilan ta’minlashi mumkin. Uni ishlab chiqarish atrof-muhitni ifloslantirmaydi, ya’ni ekologik toza hisoblanadi.
Geotermal energiya erda yonuvchi gazlar va kosmik changlar aralashish jarayoni natijasida 4 milliard yil avval paydo bo‘lgan. Er yadrosining 6,5 ming kilometr atrofidagi chuqurligida temperatura 5000 gradusgacha ko‘tarilishi mumkin.
Qadimda odamlar er ostidan otilib chiqqan qaynoq va issiq suv manbalaridan davolash maqsadida foydalanganlar. Vaqt o‘tishi bilan bu shifobaxsh suvlardan boshqa maqsadda ham foydalana boshlagan. Qadimgi rimliklar Pompey shahrida geotermal suv yordamida o‘z binolarini isitish tizimini yaratgan. Amerikalik hindular esa deyarli 10000 yil avval issiq suv manbalaridan ovqat pishirish uchun foydalanganlar.
Er ostidagi issiq suv, issiq havo yoki bug‘ energiyalaridan, hozirgi texnologiyalar bilan elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarish va xonani isitish uchun foydalanish mumkin.
Bioenergetika – bu bioyoqilg’idan foydalanishga asoslangan energetika. U o’simlik chiqindilari, biomassani sun`iy etishtirish (suv o’simliklari, tez o’sadigan daraxtlar) va biogazni olishni o’z ichiga oladi. Biogaz – biomassa yoki organik maishiy chiqindilarning biologik ‘archalanishi jarayonida hosil bo’ladigan yonuvchi gazlarning aralashmasi (texnik tarkibi: - 55-65% metan, 35-45% - karbonot akngidrid gazi, azot, vodorod va oltingugurt vodorod aralashmasi). Biogazni sanoatda olish yo’li, o’tgan asrdan oldingi 1885 yilda ma`lum bo’lgan. Dunyoda 8 mln.dan ortiq biogaz oluvchi qurilmalar mavjud.
Biomassa – tiklanuvchan energiyani yig’adigan eng arzon va yirik masshtabli shakli. “Biomassa” atamasi ostida, har qanday kelib chiqishi biologik bo’lgan, hayot faoliyatining ozuqasi va organik chiqindilar ko’zda tutiladi. Biomassa, erda hayot bo’lar ekan doim mavjud Erda organik moddaning yillik ortishi, zamonaviy bosqichda barcha insoniyatning bir yilda iste`mol etadigan energiyasidan 10 marta ortiq bo’lgan energiya miqdoriga ekvivalentdir.
Bizning Res’ublika uchun xarakterga ega bo’lgan biomassalar manbalarini uchta asosiy guruhga bo’lish mumkin:
tabiiy o’sish ozuqalar (o’tin, o’tin chiqindilari,barglar va h.k);
insonlarning hayot faoliyati davomidagi chiqindilari va ishlab chiqarish faoliyatini hisobga olgan holda (qattiq maishiy chiqindilar, sanoat ishlab chiqarishi chiqindilari va h.k);
maxsus etishtiriladigan yuqori hosilli o’simliklar.
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governing factors - Tyner indb

88 THe geOgRaPHiC anD CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
on compilation scale and reproduction scale, but, although this sort of quantification
can be helpful, choices based on practice and experience are usually most valuable.
Topic and Purpose
The purpose of the map is probably the major governing or controlling factor of
generalization. The same amount of generalization is not needed for rivers used as
base information on a climate map as for rivers used as thematic information on a
map showing drainage patterns, for example. Coastlines could be highly simplified
on a map of population, while a small-scale, general-purpose map would need more
detail, and a map designed for navigation must show the coastline in great detail. The
map’s purpose is especially important in choosing what will and will not be shown on
the map. The cartographer must give considerable thought to the topic and purpose
of the map before generalizing.
scale of the Map
All things being equal, the smaller the map scale is, the more generalized the map
must be. For the same purpose, topic, and audience, a large-scale map needs less sim-
plification and can show more detail than a small-scale map of the same subject. This
is the major limiting factor. One must keep in mind both drawing and reproduction
scales. If the linear dimension of the map is to be reduced by one-half, generalization
at the drafting scale will be greater than if the map will be reproduced at the same
size (Figure 5.9).
Los Angeles
Long
Beach
Long
Beach
CSULB
CSULB
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5
10
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MILES
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10
MILES
Dynamical volume changes in a neurovascular unit

Dynamical volume changes in a neurovascular unit Robert Loshkarev1, D.E. Postnov2, 1Atlas Biomed Group Limited; 2Saratov State University, Russia
Tracing the dynamical changes of the lymphatic vessel diameter Ksenia Merkulova1, N.I. Lvov2, I.V. Fedosov1, G.E. Brill2, D.E. Postnov1,1Saratov State University; 2Saratov State Medical University, Russia
Spatial correlation of pulse signals: does it matter where to measure? Maria O. Tsoy1, V.A. Klochkov2, D.E. Postnov1, 1Saratov State University; 2Saratov Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology, Russia
On a method for increasing the accuracy of determining the degree of oxygenation of arterial blood Igor Isupov, V. Gribkov, I. Kalinina, R. Zatrudina, Volgograd State University, Russia
Quantification of flow balance in Y-bifurcation of blood vessels: issues and the solution Maria A. Borozdova, I.V. Fedosov, M.A. Kurochkin, P.A. Dyachenko, D.E. Postnov, Saratov State University, Russia
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fIgURe 5.6 - Tyner indb

scale, Compilation, and generalization 87
narrow valley example, the valley width may be exaggerated and the road, railroad,
and river displaced.
symbolization
Symbolization includes the selection and design of symbols to represent geographic
phenomena on a map. Not all cartographers agree that symbolization is a part of
generalization. Because assigning symbols to various phenomena is central to the
cartographic process, some consider symbolization to be completely separate. In this
book, symbolization, because of the size of the subject, is treated separately in Chap-
ters 7 and 8.
fIgURe 5.4 - Tyner indb

scale, Compilation, and generalization 79
The decision regarding how much base data and what type to use depends on the
purpose of the map, the location of the subject area, the scale of the map, and the pre-
sumed audience. This selection process is a part of generalization, which is discussed
later in this chapter. For example, a map showing climates of the United States would
not normally call for transportation routes, unless the objective is to show a relation-
ship between these features. In that case, the transportation net would become a part
of the thematic information. The outline of the states and the location of major cities
would be desirable for reference.
A frequent problem involves the amount of surrounding
area that should be
shown. Should only the outline of the area in question be drawn, or should the map
extend beyond the borders of the subject area and include
the neighboring areas
(Figure 5.5)? Children sometimes assume a country ends where the map ends. Even
adults, when confronted with an unfamiliar area, may need more background infor-
mation to orient themselves. A very general rule of thumb is that, for a familiar area,
such as one of the individual states of the United States (for American audiences), it is
acceptable to show only the outline, but for an area assumed to be less familiar to the
reader, such as Uruguay, Botswana, or the Czech Republic, some surrounding areas
should be included as base information. Another way of handling this problem is to
include an inset map that shows the surrounding area.
sOURCes OF inTeRnaL Base DaTa
Often base data are taken from other maps, but locating appropriate base and refer-
ence maps can sometimes be difficult. If one is employed by a mapmaking agency,
one can utilize the in-house map collection, but if one is an independent cartographer,
one needs to utilize other sources. Obvious sources are sheet maps or atlases from
government agencies, private companies, and institutions. One should also become
familiar with local map sources such as university libraries and public libraries that
have map collections. If such source maps are used in compilation, one must be aware
of the copyright laws governing the use of published works. If a suitable base map is
URUGUAY
URUGUAY
Numerical simulation of blood flow using two-element Windkessel model

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Numerical simulation of blood flow using two-element Windkessel model
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bet | 111/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Numerical simulation of blood flow using two-element Windkessel model A.Skripal, Mikhail Kalinkin, R. Baatyrov, M.Ilicheva, Saratov State University, Russia
Digital methods of processing speckle images to characterize the flow of objectsNataliya D. Kozintseva1, A.S. Abdurashitov1, V.V. Tuchin1,2,3,1Saratov State University; 2Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS; 3National Research Tomsk State University, Russia
Analysis and modeling of speckle patterns using the Fourier transform
Nataliya D. Kozintseva1, A.S. Abdurashitov1, V.V. Tuchin1,2,3, 1Saratov State University; 2Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS; 3National Research Tomsk State University, Russia
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operations of generalization

scale, Compilation, and generalization 85
The selection process is not always simple. Selection is a matter of judgment and
not easily computerized. Although some algorithms (procedures) have been developed
for generalization, there are subtle decisions that cannot yet be specified precisely,
quantified, or computerized. For example, if only perennial streams are represented,
an arid area like Saudi Arabia might appear to have no drainage pattern.
simplification
A complex feature, such as a coastline or river course, cannot be shown in complete
detail on small-scale maps, nor is it desirable to do so. For most thematic maps (in
contrast to topographic maps or nautical charts), the detail of the coastline is unim-
portant. There is no need to show each tiny inlet or point for most thematic maps,
on a map of income, for example. The basic shape of the coast must be shown so
that the area is recognizable, but not other detail. On some maps the nature of the
coast—smooth, irregular, fjiorded—must be shown, but since it is impossible to be
completely accurate and show every variation, many features are simplified even in
these cases (Figure 5.6). The amount of simplification is a factor of scale; the larger
the scale, the more detail that can be included.
smoothing
Smoothing is a part of the simplification process. A road with many switchbacks is
smoothed, as are rivers with many meanders (Figure 5.6). It is important that the
character of the feature be preserved in the smoothing process, that is, the switchback
road mustn’t be drawn as a straight line and the meandering river must still show
major changes in direction.
grouping
Many small features are often grouped. In a simplistic example, individual trees are
grouped into a forest. If the scale does not permit a number of small features to be
(A)
(B)
Workshop Chair: Vadim S. Anishchenko, Saratov State University (Russia)

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Workshop Chair: Vadim S. Anishchenko, Saratov State University (Russia)
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bet | 113/138 | Sana | 22.12.2020 | Hajmi | 492,9 Kb. | | #12926 |
Workshop Chair: Vadim S. Anishchenko, Saratov State University (Russia)
Secretary: Andrei V. Slepnev, Saratov State University (Russia)
September 26, Thursday
ORAL SESSION
(Building 3, Room 38)
Chair: Vadim S. Anishchenko, Saratov State University, Russia
14.30-14.42
Chaos with two zero Lyapunov exponents in models of radio-physical oscillators
Nataliya Stankevich, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia; Elena Popova, Kotel’nikov’s Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov, Russia; Alexey Kazakov, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia; Igor Sataev, Kotel’nikov’s Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov, Russia
14.42-14.54
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comPIlAtIon: gAtheRIng the dAtA

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comPIlAtIon: gAtheRIng the dAtA Pdf ko'rish
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Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010comPIlAtIon: gAtheRIng the dAtA
Compilation is collecting and selecting all essential information needed for the prep-
aration of a map. There are two stages in the compilation process: deciding what data
are needed and gathering those data from a variety of sources.
kinds of compilation data
Two kinds of information must be collected when creating a map. These are base data
and thematic or primary data.
Base Data
The base data present a background reference for the thematic information in order
to make the theme of the map clearer and more easily understood. Base data are not
the focus of the map. They provide a structural framework for the design and help
the map reader to interpret and elaborate the purpose of the map. It is important that
only information that will help the reader be included in the base, but that enough
background data is supplied. Too much or extraneous information serves only to
clutter the map and is a source of confusion. Too little base information frustrates the
reader, making it difficult to relate the thematic information to the real world.
Dennis Fitzsimons has made a useful classification of base data as “internal”
or “external.” Internal base data include such things as administrative boundaries,
coastlines, cities, transportation routes, place-names, mountains, rivers, and lakes,
that is, geographic information on or within the mapped area itself. For a series of
maps these data form the base layer that will be used for all maps in the series and
together are called the base map. External base data include title, legend, scale, north
arrow, grid, and text. The external base data have an explanatory function. These
have been discussed in Chapter 2 as design elements and are also discussed in other
chapters. Therefore, only internal base data is discussed here. The projection chosen
is an important part of the base map; this topic is discussed in Chapter 6.
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September 27, Friday - Table of contents Organizers

September 27, Friday
ORAL SESSION II
(Building 3, Hall 64)
Chair: Dmitry E. Postnov, Saratov State University, Russia
11.00-11.20
Identification of the most informative wavelengths for non-invasive melanoma diagnostics in spectral region from 450 to 950 nm
Dmitrijs Bliznuks1, Yu. Chizhov 1, A. Bondarenko 2, D. Uteshev 2, A. Lihachev 3, I. Lihacova 3, 1Riga Technical University; 2C.T.Co. LTD; 3University of Latvia, Latvia
11.20-11.40
Determination and correction of aberrations in full field OCT by phase gradient autofocus technique
Vasily Matkivsky1, A. Moiseev 1, P. Shilyagin 1, A. Rodionov 1, G. Gelikonov 1, H. Spahr 2, C. Pfäffle 2, G. Hüttmann 2, D. Hillmann 2, 1Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia; 2Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Germany
11.40-12.00
The study of the synchronization of the contour of regulation of the blood pressure and respiration in an active experiment
Elena Chernets1, E. Borovkova 2,3,1, Yu. Ishbulatov 2,3,1, A. Karavaev 2,3,1, 1Saratov State University; 2Saratov Branch of the Institute of RadioEngineering and Electronics RAS; 3Saratov State Medical University, Russia
12.00-12.20
Embedded neural network system for microorganisms growth analysis
Dmitrijs Bliznuks1, Yu. Chizhov 1, A. Bondarenko 2, D. Uteshev 2, I. Lihacova 3, A. Lihachev 3, 1Riga Technical University; 2C.T.Co. LTD; 3University of Latvia, Latvia
12.20-12.40
Spreading vascular reactions in a branched blood vessel model
Andrey Yu. Verisokin1, K.V. Rogatina 2, D.V. Verveyko 1, D.E. Postnov 2, 1Kursk State University; 2Saratov State University, Russia
12.40-13.00
Lattice advection-diffusion model of molecular transport in brain tissue: effects of cell swelling
Dmitry E. Postnov1, E.B. Postnikov 2, 1Saratov State University; 2Kursk State University, Russia
Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics X
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September 25, Wednesday - Table of contents Organizers

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September 25, Wednesday
ORAL SESSION
SPECTROSCOPY I
(Building 3, Room 34)
Chair: Lev M. Babkov,
Saratov State University, Russia
17.00–17.15
DFT analysis of the structure and raman spectra of carotenoid isomers
Vasiliy Novikov, Sergey Prokhorov, Sergey Kuznetsov, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
17.15– 17.30
Raman signatures of conjugated carbon bond stretching vibrations in polyenes: combined DFT and experimental study
Kuznetsov Sergey М., Sagitova Elena A., Prokhorov Kirill A.Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Patrice Donfack, Arnulf Materny, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
17.30–17.45
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copyright ethics - Tyner indb

82 THe geOgRaPHiC anD
CaRTOgRaPHiC FRaMeWORK
maps are built on the work of others. Therefore, some knowledge of copyright laws
is necessary.
Publications and maps produced by the U.S. government are in the
public domain,
that is, they may be used without obtaining permission. This is not true, however,
of publications produced by the private sector or by agencies in other countries. For
example, British Ordnance Survey maps are produced under Crown copyright and a
fee must be paid for their reproduction. Be aware that just because an organization
has “national” or “American” in its name, it is not necessarily a government orga-
nization; the National Geographic Society and the American Automobile Associa-
tion are examples. Permission must be obtained for using maps from either of these
organizations even if they are only used for base data. If one is using source maps
or thematic data that were taken from any copyrighted source, it is necessary to get
permission in writing to use these data. A fee may be charged for permission; often,
the wording of the source statement is specified. Do not assume that a map on the
Internet is in the public domain. Copies of old maps published or printed by museums
are also not necessarily in the public domain; the map itself may be beyond copyright
date, but the copy or photograph created by the museum may be copyrighted.
Sources should be shown on the map in some way even for information that is
in the public domain. This is akin to footnoting a statement in a written publication.
The source statement serves the purpose of allowing the reader to go to the reference
for more complete information and to judge the accuracy of the information. If your
map is based on several other maps, but you show the information in a new way, you
don’t
need permission, but you must acknowledge your sources on your map.
One should also keep a file of permissions and a record of sources, just as one
compiles a bibliography for a written work.
Raman analysis of polyethylene glycols: experiment and DFT calculations

Raman analysis of polyethylene glycols: experiment and DFT calculations
Vasiliy Novikov, Vladimir Kuzmin, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
17.45–18.00
Interpretation of vibrational spectra of chitosan and its succinate molecular fragments
G. N. Ten1, A. Yu. Gerasimenko2, M.S. Savelyev2, N.E. Scherbakova3 , 1Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, 2National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Moscow, Russia, 3Russian Scientific Research Institute for Plague Control "Microbe", Saratov, Russia
18.00 – 18.15
Interpretation of vibrational spectra of proline isomers
G.N. Ten1, N.E. Scherbakova2, V.I. Baranov3, 1Saratov State University, Russia, 2Russian Scientific Research Institute for Plague Control "Microbe", Saratov, Russia, 3Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
18.15– 18.30
The influence of the structure of phosphorus-based ligands on the stability of europium complexes using spectrophotometric titration
Tsagana Sumyanova, Nataliya E. Borisova, Gladis G. Zakirova, Leonid A. Korotkov, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
17.30 – 17.45
Molecular mechanisms of plant extracts antioxidant activity on example sedum maximum (l.) hoffm. and sedum telephium l.
Inna Plastun1, Andrey Bokarev1, Valentina Plastun2, Anatoly Naumov1, Alexandr Zaharov1; 1 Saratov State Technical University, Russia; 2 Saratov State Medical University
17.45– 19.00
Joint application of Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy to determine concentrations of heavy metal ions in water using artificial neural networks
Igor Isaev1, Olga Sarmanova2, Sergey Burikov2, Tatiana Dolenko2, Kirill Laptinskiy1, Sergey Dolenko1; 1 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; 2 Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia
19.00–19.15
Detonation nanodiamond – water interactions: spectroscopic experimental and theoretical study
Kirill Laptinskiy1, Sergey Burikov1, Andrey Bokarev2, Alexandr Zakharov2, Inna Plastun2, Tatiana Dolenko1; 1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; 2 Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia
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