nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Kurs ishining maqsadi va vazifalari

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Kurs ishining maqsadi va vazifalari
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bet | 2/10 | Sana | 16.02.2024 | Hajmi | 293 Kb. | | #157548 |
Bog'liq Alisher Navoiyning Farhod va Shirin dostonini multimedialar yordamidaKurs ishining maqsadi va vazifalari.
Kurs ishining maqsadi va vazifalari. Adabiyot darslarida badiiy asarlar bilan bog’liq nazariy ma’lumotlar bilan o‘quvchilarni tanishtirish. Badiiy asarlarni multimedialar yordamida o‘rganish malakalarini shakllantirish.
Ayni shu maqsadni amalga oshirish uchun badiiy asarlar bilan bog’liq nazariy ma’lumotlarni o’quvchilarga yetkazish, badiiy asar haqida umumiy bilim va tasavvurlarini shakllantirish, badiiy asarlarning o‘rganish va ifodali o‘qishda multimedialarning o’rni va ahamiyatini ko‘rsatib berish hamda badiiy asar mazmunini tushunishning yangicha samarali usullarini ishlab chiqish masalalariga e’tibor qaratildi.
Muammoning o’rganilganlik darajasi. Hozirgacha ta’lim tizimida o’zbek
adabiyoti o’qitishning dastlabki, nazariy asoslari, S.Dolimov, A.Zunnov, Q.Ahmedov kabi buyuk olimlarimiz tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Mustaqillikdan keyingi yillarda bu sohaga ham yangi olimlar kirib keldi. Adabiyotni o‘rgatish va o‘qitishga doir ko‘plab tadqiqotlar yaratildi. O’zbekiston Milliy universiteti, Alisher Navoiy nomidagi ToshDO’TAUning tegishli kafedralari o’qituvchi va tadqiqotchilari tomonidan adabiyot o’qitishning dolzarb masalalariga bag’ishlangan metodik maqolalar to’plamlari, darslik va qo’llanmalar chop etildi. A.Hojiahmedov, O.Madayev, B.To’xliyev, R.Niyozmetova, M.Mirqosimova, Q.Yo’ldoshev, V.Qodirov kabi ko‘plab olimlarimizning badiiy asarni o‘qitishga oid yozgan ishlari shular jumlasidandir. Oxirgi yillarda adabiyot o’qitish metodikasi borasidagi qator tatqiqotlar Alisher Navoiy nomidagi ToshDO’TAU olimlari tomonidan hamda shu sohaga doir respublikamizning barcha universitetlaridagi olimlar tomonidan amalga oshirilmoqda.
Kurs ishining nazariy va amaliy ahamiyati. Kurs ishida badiiy asarlarni multimediyalar orqali o‘qitish bo‘yicha nazariy ma’lumotlar berilgan. Badiiy asarlarni maktabda o‘rganish va o‘qitishda multimedialarning o‘rni va ahamiyatiga alohida to‘xtalingan. Shuningdek, Alisher Navoiyning “Farhod va Shirin” dostonini o‘quvchilarga o‘qitishga oid yangi zamonaviy texnogiyalar asosidagi metodik tavsiyalar berilgan. Sohaga doir olimlarning fikrlari, manbalardagi ma’lumotlar umumlashtirilgan va zaruriy xulosalar chiqarilgan.
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Fikr
  
Sharh - Farxod va shirin

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Farxod va shirin
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bet | 8/10 | Sana | 16.02.2024 | Hajmi | 293 Kb. | | #157548 |
Bog'liq Alisher Navoiyning Farhod va Shirin dostonini multimedialar yordamida | Fikr
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Sharh
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Mehr emas, ohim o‘tidin
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Alisher Navoiyning baytida oshiqning sevgilisi hajrida
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ko‘kka yetmish bir
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chekkan iztiroblari g‘oyatda kuchaytirilib tasvirlangan:
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sharar,
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ko‘kdagi quyosh oshiq yerda chekkan oh o‘tining bir
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Ayb emastur gar desam:
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uchquni emish. Bu bo‘rtirilgan tasvir tufayli oshiq
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“Dam ursam afloq
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qiyofasi, ruhiy holati, ichki olami, qalbida mavj urgan
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o‘rtanur”. (mubolag‘a
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ehtiroslari ta’sirchan, jozibali ifodalangan. Bu xil tasvir
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san’ati.)
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shartli ekanini his qilamiz, uning vositasida yoridan
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A. Navoiy
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ayrilgan inson kechinmalarining eng yuqori darajasini aqlan anglashimiz mumkin, hamda oshiq qalbining iztiroblari haqiqatdan ham nihoyat darajada kuchli
ekaniga ishonch hosil qilamiz.
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“SWOT tahlil”- inglizcha so‘zlarning qisqartmasidan hosil bo‘lgan. U bitta masalaning to‘rt qirrasini ko‘rib chiqish imkonini beradi.
S - strength – kuch
W - weakness – zaiflik
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4-Амалий иш Мавзу: Резервли нусхалаш ва тиклаш сиёсати

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4-Амалий иш Мавзу: Резервли нусхалаш ва тиклаш сиёсати
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Sana | 18.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,47 Mb. | | #122491 |
Bog'liq Kiberxavfsizlik 4-amaliy ish (1)
4-Амалий иш
Мавзу: Резервли нусхалаш ва тиклаш сиёсати
Ушбу амалий ишда Windows 7 ОТ да резервли нусхалаш ва тиклаш сиёсатини қай тарзда амалга ошириш кераклигини кетм-кетлигини кўриб ўтамиз.
Демак, биринчи навбатда биз Пуск тугмаси орқали Панел управления бўлимига кирамиз ва ушбу бўлимдан Система и безопастность бўлимини танлаймиз.
Ушбу бўлимда эса биз Настроить резервное копирования бўлимини танлаймиз.
Ушбу бўлимни танлаганимиздан кейин бизда системанинг архив файлини қаерга сақлашимиз мумкинлигини кўрсатувчи дарча очилади.
Биз ушбу бўлимдан ихтиёрий диск разделини танлаймиз ва жараённи давом эттирамиз.
Ва кейинги бўлимда бизга бутун системани ёки ихтиёрий қисмини нусхасини олиш варианти кўрсатилади ва биз ихтиёрий бандни танлаймиз. Масалан 1-банд.
Кейинги қисмда эса биз ушбу жараёндаги сақланиши керак бўлган файлни тасдиқлаймиз ва жойини кўрсатамиз.
Кейинги жараён эса тиклаш сиёсати ва биз Восстановить системные параметры или комьпютер бўлимини танлаймиз.
Кейинги жараёнда эса тиклаш сиёсатини ишга туширамиз.
Ва нихоёт бизда охирги жараён қайта тиклашга рухсат бериш ва жараённи якунлаш қисмини қуйидаги экранда кўришингиз мумкин.
Дастурий таьминот орқали маьлумотларни тиклаш жараёни.
Vazifa: Har bir talaba ushbu ketma-ketliklarni o’z shaxsiy kompyuterida amalga oshirsin.
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2024 Вступительное задание

2024 Вступительное задание
Download
194,85 Kb.
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bet
1/4
Sana
14.05.2024
Hajmi
194,85 Kb.
#232485
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
Dərs
Mühazirə
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2024 Вступительное задание
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Foydalanilgan - Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining fan sifatida shakllanishi

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Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining fan sifatida shakllanishi
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bet | 9/9 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 106,33 Kb. | | #135388 |
Bog'liq IQTISIDIYOT NAZARIYASINING FAN SIFATIDA SHAKLLANISHIDA TURLI XIL OQIMLARNING RO\'LI1Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar roʻyxati
1. O’zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining2017-yil 7-fevraldagi “O’zbekiston Respublikasini yanada rivojlantirish bo’yicha harakatlar strategiyasi to’g’risida”gi, PF-4947-sonli Farmonida
2. O’zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2021-yil 11-martdagi PF-6186-sonli Farmoni tahririda — Qonun hujjatlari ma’lumotlari milliy bazasi, 11.03.2021-y., 06/21/6186/0200-son
3. O’zbеkiston Rеspublikasi Prеzidеnti Shavkat Mirziyoyevning Oliy Majlisning Sеnati va Qonunchilik palatasiga Murojaatnomasi (24.01.2020) Xalq so’zi gazеtasi, 2020 yil 25 yanvar.
4. Shavkat Mirziyoyev: Jamiyat hayotining tanasi iqtisodiyot bo’lsa, uning joni va ruhi ma’naviyatdir https://www.gov.uz/oz/news/view?id=29697
5. B. Y. Xodiyev, Sh. Sh. Shodmonov. Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi. (Darslik).-T.:”Barkamol fayz.media”,2017,784 bet.
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LiteraryWorks - 2024 Вступительное задание

LiteraryWorks .
-
Книжные издания могут иметь несколько бумажных экземпляров
BookCopies ,
которые непосредственно содержатся на стеллажах с полками и выдаются
читателям
Readers. -
История выдачи отдельных экземпляров описана в таблице
BookLoans , с датой
выдачи
LoanDate и датой фактического возврата
ReturnDate.
Запрос 1.
Вывести список авторов и число написанных произведений. Отсортировать по убыванию
числа. Результирующие колонки:
1. AuthorName
2. Count
Запрос 2.
Получить список читателей с количеством прочитанных литературных произведений.
Считаем, что читатели читают все произведения в книгах, которые они брали.
Перечитывание одного и того же произведения не считается. Сортировка от самого
читающего к самому нечитающему. Результирующие колонки:
1. LastName
2. FirstName
3. Count
Запрос 3.
Вывести список литературных произведений, которые встречаются и в сборниках и в
отдельных изданиях. Отсортировать по имени автора и году написания
1. Title
2. AuthorName
3. YearOfWriting
Запрос 4.
Вывести отчет по популярности авторов у читателей: автор, общее количество дней, когда
его произведения были у читателей “на руках”, а также 3 самых популярных произведения
-
Популярность надо рассчитать по общему количеству дней, когда литературные
произведения были у читателей “на руках”.
-
Для упрощения учитываются все экземпляры у всех читателей. Пересечения во
времени не надо рассчитывать, т.е. даже если у одного и того же читателя
одновременно находятся несколько экземпляров с одними и теми же
произведениями - просто суммировать их
-
В сборниках время равномерно распределяется среди всех произведений.
Например, если в сборнике 4 произведения, и сборник был у читателя 8 дней, то
каждое произведение “получает” 2 дня.
-
Количество дней отсчитывается со следующего, т.е. если читатель вернул книгу в
день получения - ничего не засчитываем
-
3 самых популярных произведения склеиваются и выводятся в отдельной колонке
одной строкой в кавычках и разделенные запятыми. Пример:
"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince",
"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"
Пример вывода пары строк (данные являются случайными, не стоит на них
ориентироваться)
Задание #3. Алгоритм
Имеется текстовый документ
input.txt , содержащий последовательность целых чисел от 0
до 99, которые разделены пробелом. Эти числа могут быть представлены в виде таблицы
размером
52 32 27
27 06
43 - 2024 Вступительное задание

30
52 32 27
27 06
43
47 81 31 34 90 83 29 61 71 60 96 75
92
74 35 01 28
88 97
81
22 72 76 78 58 93 89 63 13 49 30 07 95 65 45 81 55
Задание #4. Интеграция с внешним API
Реализовать консольное приложение -
Обмен валюты.
Приложение интегрируется с
внешним API (
https://freecurrencyapi.com/
). Необходимо зарегистрироваться и получить
API KEY
. (Используйте какую-нибудь стороннюю почту).
IExchangeService'>Запрещено использовать уже
готовые библиотеки для решения задачи.
Требования:
1. Создать интерфейс
IExchangeService
, который содержит следующие методы:
a.
GetCurrencies()
- получение всех валют.
b.
Exchange(from, to, amount)
-
перевод из одной валюты в другую.
c.
HistoricalExchange(from, to, amount, date)
- перевод из одной валюты в
другую на указанную дату в прошлом.
2. Создать класс
ExchangeService
, который реализует
IExchangeService
3.
API KEY
должен передаваться в
Headers
запроса.
4. В качестве входных параметров пользователь вводит в консоль:
a. 1 - Вывести все доступные валюты;
b. 2 - Сделать обмен одной валюты в другую;
i.
Ввести код валюты из которой осуществляется обмен;
ii.
Ввести код валюты в которую осуществляется обмен;
iii.
Ввести число для обмена;
c. 3 - Сделать обмен одной валюты в другую на указанную дату в прошлом
i.
Ввести код валюты из которой осуществляется обмен;
ii.
Ввести код валюты в которую осуществляется обмен;
iii.
Ввести число для обмена;
iv.
Ввести дату в формате
ГГГГ-ММ-ДД
5. Все выходные данные следует также выводить на консоль;
6. Предусмотреть проверку на корректность пользовательского ввода;
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N x N
, где
N - 2024 Вступительное задание

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2024 Вступительное заданиеBog'liq 2024 Вступительное заданиеN x N
, где
N
- число от 1 до 20.
1. В таком представлении чисел необходимо найти наибольшую сумму
M
подряд
идущих чисел, расположенных в любом направлении (вверх, вниз, вправо, влево
или по диагонали);
2. В таком представлении чисел необходимо найти наибольшее произведение
M
подряд идущих чисел, расположенных в любом направлении (вверх, вниз, вправо,
влево или по диагонали).
Число
M
вводится пользователем и должно удовлетворять следующим условиям:
и
.
1 ≤ 𝑀 ≤ 6
𝑀 ≤ 𝑁
Представленная ниже таблица наглядно показывает возможные направления для
подсчёта при
и
:
𝑁 = 20
𝑀 = 3
35 86 46 88 60 83 68 25 85 68 72 29 21 95 60 12 04 88 30 89
02 88 52 93 37 39 97 82 91 86 30 14 06 71 57 23 81 08 02 40
97 80 28 85 63 98 64 89 44 09
60
79 52 41 56 79 98 15 23 40
43 27 08 51 36 04 84 75 09 39 22
88
29 49 05 97 28 90 35 83
12 86 14 96 62 36 68 96 84 36 37 74
15
60 92 29 39 84 37 55
14 12 20 66 40 14 95 07 01 32 02 41 97 67 42 21 95 94 72 47
93 54 06 02 58 50 28 97 06 13 53 76 61 89 76 02 17 41 51 15
38 98 78 47 70 16 51 91 12 27 03 57 26 38 61 84 57 68 19 06
89 70 95 17 83 33 72 64 39 64 26 78 22 93 54 22 90 64 59 28
41 61 14 40 09 04 76
77 04 39
00 65 18 07 23 17 62 34 47 76
13 18 95 84 23 24 03 95 92 59 56 26 63 44 24 98 27 29 36 01
69 50 67 56 50 69 38 89 18 86 79 55 59 12 08 06 93 95 77 88
76 59 01 30 46 70 06 50 72 95 47 68 57 32 98 46 87 49 37 66
86 13 19 07 25 66 72 02 60 70 85 45 57 35 87 35 83 15 72 77
67 26 12 70 50 00 02 28 17 62 22 67 16 46 09 80 55 64 34 00
29 96 51 22 49 11 51 75 40 20 31 61 43 37 81 16 07 09 75 07
73 17 14 61 46 16 87 19 01 16 37 82 22 55 59 43 33
48
21 16
09 56
92
35 24 76 82 27 94 40 09 56 60 36 48 61
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Elinor Claire - Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining fan sifatida shakllanishi

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Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining fan sifatida shakllanishi
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bet | 7/9 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 106,33 Kb. | | #135388 |
Bog'liq IQTISIDIYOT NAZARIYASINING FAN SIFATIDA SHAKLLANISHIDA TURLI XIL OQIMLARNING RO\'LI1Elinor Claire " Lin " Ostrom amerikalik siyosatshunos va siyosiy iqtisodchi boʻlib, uning ishi Yangi institutsional iqtisod va siyosiy fanlarning qayta tiklanishi bilan bogʻliq edi. iqtisodiyot . 2009- yilda u Oliver E. Uilyamson bilan baham ko'rgan "iqtisodiy boshqaruvni tahlil qilish, ayniqsa umumiy mulk " uchun Iqtisodiyot fanlari bo'yicha Nobel Memorial mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi . U iqtisodiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan birinchi ayol edi. Ostrom ko'p yillar davomida odamlar va ekotizimlarning o'zaro ta'sirini o'rganib chiqdi va odamlar guruhlari (jamoalar, kooperativlar, trestlar, kasaba uyushmalari) tomonidan tugaydigan resurslardan foydalanish oqilona bo'lishi va davlat aralashuvisiz yoki xususiy bozorlar bilan resurslarning tugashini oldini olish mumkinligini ko'rsatdi. Iqtisodchilar uzoq vaqtdan buyon bir ovozdan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan birgalikda foydalaniladigan tabiiy resurslar uzoq muddatda haddan tashqari ekspluatatsiya qilinishi va yo'q qilinishi haqida bir ovozdan e'tirof etilgan. Elinor Ostrom kichik, mahalliy jamoalardagi odamlar yaylovlar, baliq ovlash suvlari va o'rmonlar kabi umumiy tabiiy resurslarni qanday boshqarishi bo'yicha dala tadqiqotlarini o'tkazish orqali bu fikrni rad etdi. U tabiiy resurslardan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan birgalikda foydalanilganda, ularni qanday saqlash va iqtisodiy va ekologik jihatdan barqaror foydalanish qoidalari o’z vaqtida belgilanishini ko’rsatdi19.
William Spencer Vickrey Kanadalik iqtisod professori va Nobel mukofoti laureati. Vickrey 1996-yil assimetrik maʼlumotlar ostida ragʻbatlantirishning iqtisodiy nazariyasiga oid tadqiqotlari uchun Iqtisodiyot fanlari boʻyicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor boʻldi. Nobel mukofoti qoʻlga kirgani haqidagi eʼlon uning oʻlimidan uch kun keyin eʼlon qilingan. Vickrey birinchi boʻlib auktsionlar dinamikasini tushuntirish uchun oʻyin nazariyasi vositalaridan foydalangan. Oʻzining muhim maqolasida Vickrey bir nechta auktsion muvozanatini topdi va erta daromad ekvivalenti natijasini taqdim etdi. Daromad ekvivalentligi teoremasi zamonaviy auktsion nazariyasining markaziy qismi boʻlib qolmoqda. Auksion keyinchalik uning nomi bilan atalgan.
Vickreyning yozishicha, ishlab chiqarish va mehnatga solinadigan soliqlarni (shu jumladan, obodonlashtirish boʻyicha mol-mulk soligʻi) qimmatli yer uchastkalariga egalik qilish uchun toʻlovlar bilan almashtirish „yurisdiksiyaning iqtisodiy samaradorligini sezilarli darajada yaxshilaydi“ degan.
U Chikagodagi iqtisod maktabini keskin tanqid qildi va muvozanatli byudjetlarga erishish va inflyatsiyaga qarshi kurashga qaratilgan siyosiy eʼtiborga, ayniqsa, ishsizlikning yuqori boʻlgan davrida keskin qarshi chiqdi20.
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Iqtisodiyot faniga Nobel mukofoti sohiblarining qo’shgan hissalari

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Iqtisodiyot faniga Nobel mukofoti sohiblarining qo’shgan hissalari
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bet | 6/9 | Sana | 12.01.2024 | Hajmi | 106,33 Kb. | | #135388 |
Bog'liq IQTISIDIYOT NAZARIYASINING FAN SIFATIDA SHAKLLANISHIDA TURLI XIL OQIMLARNING RO\'LI14. Iqtisodiyot faniga Nobel mukofoti sohiblarining qo’shgan hissalari.
Iqtisodiyot nazariyasining fan sifatida yanada mukammalroq fikrlarni kiritilishi albatta, nazariy hamda amaliy jihatdan takomillashtirishga yordam berdi. Bu esa Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo’lgan iqtisodchi olimlarning fikrlarini kiritish muhimdir.
Errou Kennet Jon — amerikalik iqtisodchi, iqtisod doktori Stanford Chikago universitetida professor assistenti va Garvard universitetlarida professor AQSH Milliy Fanlar Akademiyasi, Ekonometrika jamiyati va boshqalar tashkilotlar aʼzosi.
Errou Kennet Jon ning tadqiqot doirasi nihoyatda keng boʻlib, uning asarlarida boshqarish nazariyasi, ilmiytexnika taraqqiyoti iqtisodiyoti va ayniqsa, iqtisodiyotda matematik usullarni qoʻllash bilan bogʻliq masalalar qoʻproq tahlil etiladi. E. Debryo bilan birgalikda umumiy iqtisodiy muvozanat modelini ishlab chiqqan (Errou Debryo modeli). Errou Kennet Jon umumiy iqtisodiy muvozanat va farovonlik nazariyasiga muhim hissa qoʻshdi. Asosiy asarlari: “Zaxiralar va ishlab chiqarishning matematik nazariyasi boʻyicha tadqiqotlar”, 1958; “Ijtimoiy tanlov va yakka qadriyatlar”, 1951; “Xatarlar nazariyasi ocherklari”, 1970; “Raqobatning umumiy tahlili” (hamkorlikda), 1971. Nobel mukofoti laureati. Errou Kennet Jonning tadqiqot doirasi nihoyatda keng boʻlib, uning asarlarida boshqarish nazariyasi, ilmiytexnika taraqqiyoti iqtisodiyoti va ayniqsa, iqtisodiyotda matematik usullarni qoʻllash bilan bogʻliq masalalar qoʻproq tahlil etiladi. Errou Kennet Jon Debryo bilan birgalikda umumiy iqtisodiy muvozanat modelini ishlab chiqqan. Nobel mukofoti laureati (1972. J. R. Xiks bilan hamkorlikda).
Robert— amerikalik iqtisodchi. 1969-yil iqtisodiyot nazariyasi (ekonometrika) boʻyicha doktorlik ilmiy darajasini oldi. 1975-yildan San-Diyegodagi Kaliforniya universitetida iqtisodiyot professor 1999-yildan Nyu-York universitetida moliyaviy xizmatlar menejmenti professor Ilmiy ishlari turli iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlarning uzoq muddatli oʻzgarishlari qonuniyatlarini oʻrganishga bagʻishlangan. U prognozlashda muayyan oʻzgarishlarni ancha ishonchliroq aniqlash yoʻli (modeli)ni yaratdi, bu esa yalpi ichki mahsulot, isteʼmol narxlari, foiz stavkalari, birja kurslari va boshqa iqtisodiy koʻrsatkichlarni bir necha kun yoki hafta, hatto bir yil oldin bashorat qilish imkonini beradi. Iqtisodiy koʻrsatkichlarning kutiladigan tebranishlarini aniqlash usuli katta nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega. Ekonometrika boʻyicha 100 dan ortiq ilmiy asarlar muallifi. Nobel mukofoti laureati (2003; K.Grenjer bilan birga)18.
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I.A.Karimov - Ekologiya fani haqida tushuncha

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Ekologiya fani haqida tushuncha
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Bog'liq Ekologiya faniI.A.Karimov. Tarixiy xotirasiz kelajak yo’q. T., “Sharq”, 1998.
I.A.Karimov. O’zbekiston buyuk kelajak sari. T., “O’zbekiston”, 1998.
I.A.Karimov. O’zbekiston XXI asrga intilmoqda. T., “O’zbekiston”, 1999.
Jabborov N. Kimyo va atrof muhit. T., “O’qituvchi”1992.
Barotov P. Tabiatni muhofaza qilish. T., “O’qituvchi”1991.
Shodimetov Yu. Ijtimoiy ekologiyaga kirish. I, II qism, T., “O’qituvchi”1994.
Otaboyev Sh. Nabiyev M. Inson va biosfera. T., “O’qituvchi”1995.
8. Tursunov X.T. Ekologiya asoslari va tabiatni muhofaza qilish. “Saodat RIA”,
9. To’xtayev A.S. Ekologiya. T., “O’qituvchi”1998.
10. Qodirov E.B. va boshqalar. Tabiiy muhitni muhofazalashning ekologik asoslari. T., “O’zbekiston”, 1999.
11. Ergashev A., Ergashev T. Ekologiya, biosfera va tabiatni muhofaza qilish. T., “Yangi asr avlodi”, 2005.
12. Xolmurodov J. Ekologiya va qonun. T., “Adolat”. 2000.
13. www.ziyonet.uz
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Visions of the future Kelajak haqidagi ko’rinishlar

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Visions of the future Kelajak haqidagi ko’rinishlar
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Bog'liq Visions of the future Kelajak haqidagi ko’rinishlar Visions of the future can take many forms, reflecting hopes, fears, and possibilities across various domains, including technology, society, environment, and culture. Here are some key themes often explored in visions of the future: 1. Technological Advancement:
- Artificial Intelligence: The integration of AI into everyday life, enhancing decision-making, automation, and even creative processes. This includes advancements in machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics.
- Space Exploration: Human colonization of Mars and beyond, as well as advancements in space tourism and interstellar travel, could shape our understanding of life and our place in the universe.
- Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Immersive experiences that blend the digital and physical worlds, transforming education, entertainment, and social interactions
2.Climate change
. Renewable Energy Revolution: A future dominated by solar, wind, hydro, and other renewable energy sources, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
. Climate Resilience: Communities and ecosystems that adapt to climate change impacts through robust infrastructure, improved water management, and sustainable agriculture practices.
. Circular Economy: An economic model that minimizes waste and promotes the recycling and repurposing of materials, reducing the carbon footprint of production and consumption.
3. Sustainability and Environment: - - Green Technology: Innovations aimed at reducing carbon footprints, such as renewable energy sources, electric transportation, and sustainable agriculture practices.
- - Climate Change Mitigation: Efforts to combat climate change through geoengineering, reforestation, and global cooperation on environmental policies.
4. Societal Changes - - Global Connectivity: The impact of increased connectivity through the internet and social media, fostering a more globalized society while also presenting challenges like misinformation and polarization.
- - Demographic Shifts: Changes in population dynamics, such as aging populations in some regions and youth bulges in others, influencing economies, healthcare, and social structures.
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Kullanim hakki başvuru formu biLGİ teknolojileri ve iletiŞİm kurumuna

KULLANIM HAKKI BAŞVURU FORMU
BİLGİ TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE İLETİŞİM KURUMUNA
İşbu Kullanım Hakkı Başvuru Formunda işaretli elektronik haberleşme hizmetini sunmayı, şebekesini sağlamayı ve/veya altyapısını kurup işletmeyi talep etmekteyiz.
İşbu başvuruda yer alan tüm bilgi ve belgelerin eksiksiz ve doğru olduğunu ve şirketimizin Elektronik Haberleşme Sektörüne İlişkin Yetkilendirme Yönetmeliği’nin 7 nci maddesinin birinci fıkrasında belirtilen şartları taşıdığını taahhüt ederiz. Kurumunuz ile Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı arasında yapılan Elektronik Ortamda Veri Paylaşım Protokolü kapsamında Şirketimizin mali tablolarına erişimin sağlanmasına yönelik muvafakat verdiğimizi beyan ederiz.
Şirketi Temsile Yetkili Kişi/Kişilerin
Adı-Soyadı, İmza, Kaşe, Tarih
EKLER:
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- Globalization versus Localization: While technology connects the world, there’s a resurgence of local cultures and traditions, promoting diversity and community engagement

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- Globalization versus Localization: While technology connects the world, there’s a resurgence of local cultures and traditions, promoting diversity and community engagement
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Bog'liq Visions of the future- Globalization versus Localization: While technology connects the world, there’s a resurgence of local cultures and traditions, promoting diversity and community engagement. - - Globalization versus Localization: While technology connects the world, there’s a resurgence of local cultures and traditions, promoting diversity and community engagement.
- - Work and Economy: The rise of remote work and gig economies transforms traditional job structures, leading to debates about income inequality and workers' rights.
5. Health and Medicine - - Personalized Medicine: Advances in genomics and biotechnology leading to tailor-made treatments for individuals based on their genetic makeup.
- - Telemedicine: The rise of remote healthcare services, making medical care more accessible and efficient
6. Cultural Evolution: - - Art and Expression: The ways in which technology influences creativity, with potential new forms of art emerging from digital mediums and AI-generated content.
- - Cultural Fusion: Increased interaction among diverse cultures leading to new hybrid forms of expression and lifestyle.
7. Ethics and Governance: - - Data Privacy and Security: The ongoing debate surrounding individual privacy in a world where data collection is ubiquitous, and the ethical implications of surveillance technologies.
- - Governance Models: The evolution of political systems and governance in response to global challenges like climate change, inequality, and technological disruption
8. Transportation and Infrastructure: - - Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars and drones revolutionize transportation, reducing accidents and reshaping urban landscapes.
- - Hyperloop and High-Speed Rail: Innovations in transportation infrastructure enable faster, more efficient travel, connecting cities and reducing carbon footprints.
- - Smart Cities: Integration of IoT (Internet of Things) technology leads to smarter urban planning, improving energy efficiency and the quality of life for residents.
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- Globalization versus Localization: While technology connects the world, there’s a resurgence of local cultures and traditions, promoting diversity and community engagement
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Visions of the future Kelajak haqidagi ko’rinishlar - bet 3

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Visions of the future Kelajak haqidagi ko’rinishlar
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Bog'liq Visions of the future Policy Development: Governments often shape economic policies based on future projections and visions. Anticipated changes in demographics, technology, or environmental conditions can result in new regulations or incentives that impact economic activity. - Policy Development: Governments often shape economic policies based on future projections and visions. Anticipated changes in demographics, technology, or environmental conditions can result in new regulations or incentives that impact economic activity.
- Market Dynamics: Investors often make decisions based on their expectations of future trends. If a particular sector is viewed as having strong growth potential, it may attract more investment, leading to increased stock prices and economic activity within that sector.
Workforce Development: As visions of the future evolve, the skills required in the workforce may change. This can lead to shifts in education and training programs to prepare workers for future job markets, influencing employment rates and economic productivity. - Workforce Development: As visions of the future evolve, the skills required in the workforce may change. This can lead to shifts in education and training programs to prepare workers for future job markets, influencing employment rates and economic productivity.
Conclusion - In summary, visions of the future can shape economic outcomes by influencing investment, consumer behavior, policy decisions, market dynamics, workforce development, global competition, and sustainability efforts. The interplay of these factors can ultimately determine the direction and health of an economy.
KEYWORDS: Here are some keywords related to visions of the future - 1. Innovation
- 2. Sustainability
- 3. Technology
- 4. Artificial Intelligence
- 5. Climate Change
- 6. Space Exploration
- 7. Smart Cities
- 8. Renewable Energy
- 9. Automation
- 10. Globalization
- 11. Ethics
- 12. Education
- 13. Healthcare
- 14. Transportation
Thank you for your pay attention
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Tentativ prosjektbeskrivelse: 3i1 telefon

Tentativ prosjektbeskrivelse:
3i1 telefon
(Fra telegrafen til hodeputa)
Innleding
Bluetooth1 Special Interest Group (SIG) har utviklet blåtann spesifikasjonen som tillater utvikling av interaktive tjenester og applikasjoner over interoperative radio moduler og data kommunikasjonsprotokoller. Gruppen spesifiserer protokoller og protokollstakker og ulike brukermodeller. Eksempler på slike modeller kan være filoverføring, Internet bro, LAN aksess, synkronisering, hodetelefoner og ”3i1 telefoner” som vi skal se på. Noen åpenbare fordeler med blåtann i forhold til andre trådløse teknologier er små hardware komponenter og lavt strømforbruk, noe som gjør at teknologien kan anvendes i små strømbegrensede terminaler. Mobiltelefonen er kanskje det beste eksemplet på en slik terminal.
Brukermodellen hvor en mobiltelefon med Bluetooth benyttes for å aksessere fastnettet, Mobiltelefon I Fastnettet (MIF) kalles ”Three-in-one phone”2 av Bluetooth SIG.
Hjemme fungerer telefonen som trådløs telefon mot fastnettet over Bluetooth. Løsningen gir aksess til fastnettet over hele huset og reduserer behovet for kabling. Brukeren kan benytte et kjent grensesnitt og ringe fra sin personlige telefonliste. Dette er MIF.
Når telefonen er utenfor hjemmet (kontoret) fungerer den som mobiltelefon over GSM-nettet, Bluetooth-grensesnittet er da ikke i bruk.
Hvis to telefoner med Bluetooth er innenfor hverandres dekningsområde fungerer de som walkie talkie.
For denne brukermodellen har Bluetooth SIG utarbeidet to profiler; Cordless Telephony
Profile (CTP) og Intercom Profile.
Figuren under viser en systemoversikt over hvordan mobiltelefonen kan brukes i fastnettet.
Løsningen består av én (eller flere) mobiltelefoner og en BlueBox, begge med Bluetooth
CTP. BlueBox har ISDN- eller PSTN-grensesnitt mot fastnettet. Mobiltelefonen pares med
Bluetooth basestasjonen første gangen den brukes og tildeles et fast MSN-nummer. Denne løsningen gir oss både trådløs DSL og trådløs PSTN/ISDN.
Problemstillinger
Hva er blåtann
og da spesielt brukerprofilen 3i1 telefon
Hva gir blåtann i forhold til andre trådløse teknologier
Hva er tilgjenglig av software og hardware. Hvem tilbyr det og hvor brukervennlig er det.
Utvikling fra telegraf, via trådbasert telefon – trådløs telefon (DEC), til en slags terminal transparens (mobiltelefon for mobilnett og fastnett)
Fast telefonen kommer nærmere. Mobiltelefonen er jo med overalt i huset, ofte også på nattbordet.
Hardware og software finnes, men både Telenor og Nokia er avvisende til utrulling.
Hvorfor?
Er de redde for at vaner hos folk kan endres
Økonomi
Metoder
Litteraturstudier
Tilgjenglighetsstudie
Semi-strukturerte intervjuer med viktige aktører
Analyse for å finne mulige endringer av folks vaner
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Ocak 2018 Tİcari İŞBİRLİkleri bode20170713002 Su Yalıtım Çözümleri

Ocak 2018 Tİcari İŞBİRLİkleri bode20170713002 Su Yalıtım Çözümleri
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Key Differences Between IDS & IPS

© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
As mentioned previously, the risk introduced with placing either an IDS or IPS
inline is related to the likelihood of the system failing resulting in the link being
brought down. Some commercial systems will go into failsafe mode where they
default to being open and minimize risk of a device failure causing network outage.
Security and network analysts should know outage caused by system failure must be
avoided if at all possible. The mission of deploying security controls is defeated
when the controls themselves are excessively prone to failure. Especially when their
failure unintentionally brings down large scale network connectivity.
POS ITIVE
NE GATIVE - White paper network ids and ips deployment Strategies Nicholas Pappas

© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
alarm remains silent; alerting no one of the fire thus creating a danger to those
counting on successful operation of the fire alarm.
Continuing with this analogy, the remaining conditions are as follows. When a
mischievous student pulls the alarm, knowing no fire exists, he/she presents a false
positive. The alarm dutifully goes off with the lack of a fire.
Numerous occurrences
of false positives and the seriousness of the alarm is belittled and soon to be
ignored. Finally the true negative relates to the alarm remaining silent while the
schoolhouse is not aflame. Table 2 maps the conditions of this analogy using a
similar format used in Table 1.
Table 2: Relationships as they apply to the schoolhouse fire alarm analogy.
Tuning an IDS is typically an ongoing task.
Threats and computing
environments are ever-changing, thus systems deployed to detect such threats must
adapt accordingly. Detecting malicious network activity is an important piece of an
overall security architecture, but what can we do to defend from detected attacks?
Prevention is the key and covered in the section.
Nicholas Pappas
6
ALAR M
S ILE NC E
White paper network ids and ips deployment Strategies Nicholas Pappas - bet 25

pass quick on $mgt_int inet proto { tcp, udp } from 192.168.1.4 to any port $client_out
#################################################################
# Rules for the bridge
#################################################################
pass quick on $inboard_int inet proto { tcp, udp } from $trusted to any port { domain, ntp }
pass on $inboard_int inet proto tcp from $trusted to any port $client_out
pass on $inboard_int inet proto { tcp, udp } from any to $trusted port 22 \
keep state (max-src-conn 20, max-src-conn-rate 10/5, overload \
flush global)
pass on $inboard_int inet proto { tcp, udp } from any to $trusted port 443 \
keep state (max-src-conn 20, max-src-conn-rate 10/5, overload flush
global)
--end of snip--
This pf.conf file only allows ssh (port 22) and https (port 443) inbound from the
external network (no trust) to the internal network (trusted). As a reminder, on the
prototype system, the network card labled sis0 wasdesignated to be the
management interface. Make substitutions as needed. While you are in the
beginning stages of configuring your pf.conf file.
It is recommended to have a
monitor and keyboard (aka console) handy, in case you lock yourself out from the
network perspective.
PS to disable pf, as root you use:
pfctl -d
The rest is left for the user to explore...
Now you are ready to reboot and start the journey!
Nicholas Pappas
62
@ 2021
SANS Institute
Author
Retains Full Rights
Network Segregation & Trust Zones

© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
to place such systems on a backbone network capable of pushing large globs of data
at extremely high transfer rates.
To work around this issue, we place the IDS or IPS
between each department level network and the university backbone. Acquiring
systems capable of lower throughput will be more cost effective, and a distributed
monitoring infrastructure will also provide awareness of network activity in each
segment of the greater network. Figure 2 shows such a setup with circuits labeled
with their associated data transmission capabilities. The magnified portion of Figure
2 leads us into the next sections covering detailed explanation of IDS/IPS
deployment.
This section was admittedly a digression from the main topic. However, the
concentric circles and segmentation of the network described here are crucial to
understand and consider when planning the logical placement of an IDS or IPS. The
concepts explained here are referred to in the remaining sections of the document.
References - White paper network ids and ips deployment Strategies Nicholas Pappas

© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
12.Appendix A: Step by Step Build of an IDS/IPS
The following steps have been used to build both IDS and IPS capabilities on a
single system. The subject operating system used is OpenBSD.
The hardware
consists of an Intel based computer with 5 network interface cards installed. The
first two cards build an inline bridge and the second pair of cards builds a second
inline bridge. The fifth card is used for remote management of the system.
OpenBSD was chosen because of their reputation in security and handling of the
network stack. The steps listed here pick up after a base install of OpenBSD 4.2
(i386). For more information on how to install OpenBSD please see their web site
(
http://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq4.html
).
While the author does not claim to be an OpenBSD guru, these steps have been
verified to build a baseline IDS/IPS and displays alerts via the Basic Analysis and
Security Engine (BASE) interface. No benchmarking has been done on the prototype
system, and I would highly advise not deploying the resulting system in a production
environment without some thorough testing. The prototype also may (does) not
have permissions to their most restrictive setting. This appendix was the result of
testing out concepts and ideas which were documented in the respective paper and
thus the intent of this appendix is to save the reader time in implementing a test
case to explore the concepts shared. Reading content is a good start but, for many,
having hands on experience will be significantly more beneficial. So let's get
started...
Nicholas Pappas
34
@ 2021 SANS Institute
Author Retains Full Rights
© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
Network Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

© SANS Institute 200
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Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
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, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
false alarms, alerts tend to not be taken seriously.
On the other side of the
spectrum, if the IDS rarely alerts on malicious traffic, it leads one to wonder if it is
working at all. Tuning an IDS is somewhat of an art, a balancing act between four
points of concern. These four points are true positives, false positives, true
negatives and false negatives. Table 1 shows their relationship:
Table 1: Relationship of event categories.
The ideal tuning of an IDS maximizes instances of events categorized in the cells
with a shaded background.
True positives
occur when the system alerts on intrusion
attempts or other malicious activity. False negatives are somewhat of a null situation
but are important nonetheless. The
false negative
is comprised of the system failing
to alert on malicious traffic. At times many people have trouble remembering what
each of the four event categories are. An analogy helps.
Imagine the life cycle of a schoolhouse fire alarm. Using this analogy to
describe the four categories is perhaps an easier method of understanding the
distinctions.
A true positive, would then be analogous to a burning schoolhouse and
the alarm sounding. This, after all, is the intended purpose of the schoolhouse fire
alarm. The false negative occurs when the schoolhouse has an actual fire yet the fire
Nicholas Pappas
5
Xulosa
Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalari

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Xulosa
Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalari
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Bog'liq OKSIDLANISH QAYTARILISH REAKSIYALARINING AHAMIYATIXulosa
Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalari — elektronlarning atomlardan atomlarga butunlay yoki qisman oʻtishi bilan bogʻliq kimyoviy reaksiyalar. Elektronlar chiqarilishi oksidlanish, elektronlar biriktirib olinishi qaytarilish deyiladi. O.-q.r. atamalari dastlab metall oksidlarining hosil boʻlish va parchalanish reaksiyalarida qoʻllaniladi. Cu+’/2O2=CuO metallarning oksidlanishiga, CuO+H2=Cu+H2O metall oksidlaridan metall hosil boʻlishi (qaytarilishi)ga misol boʻladi.
Oksidlovchi va qaytaruvchilar doim ekvivalent miqdorda reaksiyaga kirishadilar. Oksidlovchining ekvivalenti deb , oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasi natijasida oksidlovchining qabul qilgan elektronlar soniga to’g’ri keladigan miqdorga aytiladi.Oksidlovchining ekvivalentini topish uchun uning moliekulyar massasini shu reaksiyada oksidlovchi qabul qilgan elektronlar soniga bo’lish kerak.
Navoiy davlat konchilik va texnologiyalar universiteti. Annotatsiya: Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyalarini amaliyotga tadbiq etish orqali galvanik elementlar bilan boradigan jarayonlar hisobini keltirib chiqarish hamda matematik yondashuv, kimyoviy energiyani elektr energiyasiga aylantirib beruvchi qurilmalarda foydali ish koeffitsentini hisoblashlarni bilish usullari bayon etilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: Galvanik elementlar, elektroliz, analitik reaksiyalar, oksidlanishqaytarilish, plastinkalar, musbat qutb, qo‘rg‘oshin, Li-ionli batareyalar, zaryad sig’imi Yillar mobaynida zamonaviy bilimlar shakllanishi bilan kundan-kunga yangicha tushunchalar va bu tushunchalarni o‘rgatishning yangicha uslublari shakllanib bormoqda.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
1. N.A.Parpiyev. X.R.Raximov. A.G.Muftaxov. "Anorganik kimyo nazariy asoslari". Tosh: "Oʻzbekiston" 2000-y. Akkumulyatorlar.
2. L.S.Jdanov. G.L.Jdanov. "Fizika". Tosh: "Oʻqituvchi" 1994-y. Elektrolizdan texnikada foydalanish. Akkumulyatorlar.
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Connecting an IPS Device - White paper network ids and ips deployment Strategies Nicholas Pappas

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© SANS Institute 200
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Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
Figure 4: IPS on the border of a network or zone.
The management interface, shown with a black dashed line, is once again an option
but still commonly used to manage the system remotely.
Updating signatures and
otherwise adapting the system to defend against the latest threats is an ongoing
task. Because of this, having an efficient means of administering the device is
important.
The cons of having a system connected inline have been covered earlier in this
document. However, some companies build systems to address this failure
potential.
For instance, TippingPoint Technologies Inc. sells products named Zero
Power High Availability devices, designed to pass traffic even in the event their IPS
loses electrical power. As you can imagine, during this type of failure the IPS is
passing unfiltered traffic; much better than dropping all network connectivity. An
optimally configured IPS will block unwanted traffic and, as a consequence, when the
Nicholas Pappas
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@ 2021 SANS Institute
Author Retains Full Rights
© SANS Institute 200
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Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
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Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
IPS fails the network will typically see an increase in activity. Something for network
engineers and intrusion analysts alike to consider when a significant unexplained
spike in network activity is noticed on internal networks.
Connecting an IPS is rather simple.
After reading this section, you may wonder
what can be done to monitor traffic when an IPS either fails entirely, or allows
malicious traffic through; perhaps from not being strict enough. A layered approach
is introduced in the next section.
Oksidlovchi va qaytaruvchining ekvivalenti

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Oksidlovchi va qaytaruvchining ekvivalenti
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 14.05.2024 | Hajmi | 58,67 Kb. | | #231283 |
Bog'liq OKSIDLANISH QAYTARILISH REAKSIYALARINING AHAMIYATIOksidlovchi va qaytaruvchining ekvivalenti
Oksidlovchi va qaytaruvchilar doim ekvivalent miqdorda reaksiyaga kirishadilar.
Oksidlovchining ekvivalenti deb , oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasi natijasida oksidlovchining qabul qilgan elektronlar soniga to’g’ri keladigan miqdorga aytiladi.Oksidlovchining ekvivalentini topish uchun uning moliekulyar massasini shu reaksiyada oksidlovchi qabul qilgan elektronlar soniga bo’lish kerak.
Qaytaruvchining ekvivalenti deb, oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasida
qaytaruvchining bergan bitta elektroniga to’g’ri keladigan miqdorga aytiladi.
Qaytaruvchining ekvivalentini topish uchun uning molekulyar massasini shu
reaksiyada qaytaruvchi bergan elektronlar soniga bo’lish kerak.
Misol. Fe2++Cr2O72-+H+→Fe3++Cr3++……
Fe 2+-e=Fe3+ 6
Cr2O72-+14H++6e ®2Cr3++7H2O 1
6Fe2++Cr2O72-+14H+ ®6Fe3++2Cr3++7H2O
Molekulyar holda yozilsa:
6FeSO4+K2Cr2O7+7H2SO4=3Fe2(SO4)3+Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+7H2O
Oksidlovchining ekvivalenti . Э K2Cr2O7=М/6=296/6=49g/моl
Qaytaruvchining ekvivalenti . Э FeSO4=M/1=152
Umumiy holda Э= М/n M-oksidlovchining yoki qaytaruvchining molekulyar massasi; n-oksidlovchi yoki qaytaruvchi molekulasidagi atom yoki ionlarning qabul qilgan yoki bergan elektronlar soni.
Oksidlanish- qaytarilish potensiallari
Reaksiya uchun olingan oksidlovchi va qaytaruvchi orasida reaksiya ketishi yoki ketmasligini bilish uchun ularning normal oksidlanish –qaytarilish
potensiallarini bilish kerak.Ularning qiymati jadvallarda keltirilgan.
Normal elektrod potensiyali qancha kichik bo’lsa , metall shuncha aktiv bo’lib,osonlik bilan oksidlanadi tuzlaridan keyinlik bilan qaytariladi. Har bir metall normal elektrod potensiali o’zinikidan yuqori bo’lgan barcha metallarni ularning tuzlaridan siqib chiqaradi.Galvanik elementlarda ham oksidlanish –qaytarilish jarayonlari ketganligi sababli ularning elektr yurituvchi kuchini normal elektrod potensiyallarini farqidan topish mumkin.
Misol. Zn-2e=Zn2+ Cu2++2е=Сu
Е Zn/Zn=0.763 v ; E Cu/Cu=+0,337 v
Unda shu oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasi uchun
Е Сu/Сu- Е Zn/Zn= 0.337 - (-0.763) = 1.1 v
Agar 2 FeCl3+SnCl2= 2 FeCl2+ SnCl4 reaksiyasi olinsa
E Fe3+/Fe2+= +0,77 v E Sn2+/Sn4+=+0,15 v
Bu qiymatlarga ko’ra Sn2+/Sn4+ jufti qaytaruvchi, Fe3+/Fe2+ jufti esa
oksidlovchi bo’la oladi.Bu reaksiya chapdan o’ngga bora oladi.
Agar 2NaCl+ Fe2(SO4)3=2FeSO4+ Cl2+Na2SO4
Reaksiyaning ion tenglamasi:
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Intended
Function - White paper network ids and ips deployment Strategies Nicholas Pappas

© SANS Institute 200
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Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
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Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies
3.Network Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
The ability to monitor network traffic is a key component of protecting
information systems. Even still, defending those systems from the many threats can
be a daunting task. A firewall is commonly used to provide a layer of security for its
respective local network. Firewalls by themselves have limitations though. Most can
only block based on IP addresses or ports. In contrast Network Intrusion Prevention
Systems (IPS) are able to use signatures designed to detect and defend from specific
types of attacks such as denial of service attacks among others. This is an
advantage, for instance, with sites hosting Web servers.
To permit Web service traffic, a firewall passes Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(port 80) to external systems if not the entire world.
This opens up risk because
many attacks and exploits are inherent to Web server applications (e.g., Apache,
Microsoft IIS). Even when the Web server is fully patched and well maintained,
insecure Web applications all too often exist on a target Web server. Web
applications themselves introduce additional risks (e.g., Cross-Site Scripting).
Coupling a firewall with an IPS creates the potential to reduce these risks. An IPS is
capable of monitoring the content deep inside the Web traffic.
When the IPS
discovers an event considered to be a true positive, the malicious connection is
dropped and all subsequent matching packets are destined for the same outcome.
In this ideal situation, the Web server never commits processing power to the
malicious attack as it continues providing Web content to legitimate clients it was
Nicholas Pappas
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@ 2021 SANS Institute
Author Retains Full Rights
© SANS Institute 200
8
,
Author retains full rights.
© SANS Institute 200
8
, Author retains full rights.
Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
Network IDS & IPS Deployment Strategies