nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
STEAM nega kerak? - Steam ta’lim tizimi nima o‘zi?

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Steam ta’lim tizimi nima o‘zi?
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Bog'liq ЯЯ ЯЯSTEAM nega kerak?
STEAM fanlarini o‘qish davomida o‘quvchida quyidagi qobiliyatlar shakllanadi:
muammoni hal qila olish;
kreativlik;
tanqidiy fikrlash;
jamoaviy ishlay olish;
mustaqil fikrlash;
tashabbuskorlik;
kommunikatsiya;
raqamli savodxonlik.
STEAM ilm-fan, texnologiya, muhandislik va matematikani bir-biriga bog‘liq holda yaxshi o‘zlashtirgan, o‘rganganlarini amaliyotda qo‘llay oladigan, kompyuterda ishlash ko‘nikmalariga ega bo‘lgan, ham jamoaviy yaxshi ishlashni, ham mustaqil tashabbuslarni qoyillata oladigan kadrlar tayyorlaydi.
STEAM fanlarining ahamiyati shundaki, hozir bizga tegishli kasblarning ko‘pi yaqin kelajakda avtomatik tarzda ishlaydigan robotlar tomonidan bajarilishi yoki butunlay keraksiz bo‘lib qolishi mumkin. STEAM esa mana shu kelajakka mos kadrlar tayyorlab beradi.
STEAM yo‘nalishidagi kasblarda har bir fanni o‘zlashtirish ahamiyatli. Masalan, arxitektor 10 qavatli bino loyihasini tayyorlash uchun matematik hisob-kitoblar va ilm-fanni yaxshi bilishi lozim. So‘ng binoning maketini yaratish uchun muhandislik va texnologiyani ishlatishi kerak bo‘ladi.
STEAM o‘qitish tizimi boshqa yo‘nalishlarga qaraganda biroz qiyinroq va mashaqqat talab qiladi. Sababi 4 ta fanni birday o‘zlashtirmasa, unda kutilgan natijaga erishish qiyin. Jumladan, robot yaratmoqchisizu, kerakli hamma ko‘nikma bo‘lmasa, unda qanday qilib o‘ylagan vazifalaringizni bajara oladigan robotni yasash mumkin? Lekin qiyinchiliklariga qaramay baribir STEAM fanlarini o‘rganish qiziqarli hamdir.
Texnologiyalar kundan kunga rivojlanyapti. Lekin shunday bo‘lsa ham, yangi dasturiy ta’minot yaratish, kosmik kema uchun zarur moddalarni kashf qilish, qayta tiklanuvchi energiyalarni o‘rganish, hali davosi yo‘q kasalliklarga davo topish kabi qilinmagan ishlarni ham kimdir bajarishi kerak. STEAM fanlarini yaxshi o‘zlashtirish aynan mana shunday qiyin kasblarni eplay oladigan kadrlar tayyorlaydi. Bu kadrlarda zamonaviy bilimlar bo‘lgani uchun ham ish beruvchilar ham ularga yuqori maoshlar taklif qilishadi.
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This is what the app manifest would look like

.manifest
type="win32"
name=SXS_ASSEMBLY_NAME
version=SXS_ASSEMBLY_VERSION
processorArchitecture=SXS_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE
/>
my app exe
level="asInvoker"
uiAccess="false"
/>
*
*
And then, add this to your sources:
SXS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID=1
SXS_MANIFEST=foo.manifest
SXS_ASSEMBLY_NAME=Microsoft.Windows.Foo
SXS_ASSEMBLY_VERSION=1.0
SXS_ASSEMBLY_LANGUAGE_INDEPENDENT=1
SXS_MANIFEST_IN_RESOURCES=1
For Windows 10, the two lines in the XML manifest sample marked with an asterisk (*) show how to accurately target your application for the Windows 10 version of the OS. Manifesting the .exe for Windows 10 will not have any impact when run on previous versions of the Windows OS. You can also add this to your .rc file if you already have it defined.
Adding the trustInfo isn’t essential, but it is highly recommended. This will allow your .exe to always get the correct version, no matter whether the OS is Windows 10 or Windows 8.1.
Security - Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions

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Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions
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Security
An important new feature in the x64 processor architecture is the Data Execution Protection (DEP) bit that controls which areas of memory can be used to execute code. While AMD and Intel have different names and slightly different implementations for this feature, the result is an enhanced layer of hardware protection against some of the most destructive worms and exploits of the past several years.
Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a data buffer is stuffed with more data than it is designed to handle. (I use buffer overflow as a generic term for exploits that load executable code into areas that are supposed to only contain data, then jump program execution into that code by overloading heaps, stacks, and other memory pools.) For example, if your email client is designed to handle attachments with a maximum of 255-character filenames and you receive a message that has a filename with 256 characters, a buffer overflow can occur. When this happens, adjacent memory space gets overwritten and malicious code can end up being executed with the privileges associated with the original program. The infamous MSBlaster worm was this type of exploit.
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Develop UWP & Centennial apps

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Develop UWP & Centennial apps
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Develop UWP & Centennial apps
We encourage all Win32 app ISVs to develop Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and, specifically, Centennial apps moving forward. There are great benefits to developing these app packages rather than using traditional Win32 installers. UWP apps are also supported in the Windows Store, so it’s easier for you to update your users to a consistent version automatically, lowering your support costs.
If your Win32 app types do not work with the Centennial model, we highly recommend that you use the right installer and ensure this is fully tested. An installer is your user or customer’s first experience with your app, so ensure that this works well. All too often, this doesn’t work well or it hasn’t been fully tested for all scenarios. The Windows App Certification Kit can help you test install and uninstall of your Win32 app and help you identify use of undocumented APIs, as well as other basic performance-related best-practice issues before your users do.
Best practices:
Use installers that work for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows.
Design your installers to run on multiple scenarios (user or machine level).
Keep all Windows redistributables in the original packaging – if you repackage these, it’s possible that this will break the installer.
Schedule development time for your installers—these are often overlooked as a deliverable during the software development lifecycle.
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STEAM fanlari O‘zbekistonda

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STEAM fanlari O‘zbekistonda
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bet | 3/3 | Sana | 30.05.2024 | Hajmi | 22,64 Kb. | | #257961 |
Bog'liq ЯЯ ЯЯSTEAM fanlari O‘zbekistonda.
Maktabgacha va maktab ta’limi vazirligi ma’lumotiga ko‘ra O‘zbekistonda prezident maktablarida STEAM (Ilm-fan, texnologiya, muhandislik va matematika fanlari bilan birgalikda san’atni ham o‘qituvchi) fanlari o‘qitiladi. Bu maktablar rasman xalqaro Kembrij dasturi asosida STEAM fanlarini o‘qituvchilar hisoblanadi.
Masalan, Toshkent shahridagi prezident maktabi haqidagi ma’lumotda ham tabiiy va aniq fanlar, muhandislik, xorijiy tillar va axborot texnologiyalari o‘qitilishi qayd etilgan.
Qolaversa, maktablar bunga javob beradigan texnologiyalar bilan ham jihozlangan. Buni prezident maktablari suratlaridan ham ko‘rib olish mumkin.
Bu yo‘nalishda yaxshi o‘qish uchun zamonaviy maktab va zamonaviy OTMlar bo‘lishi muhim. Sababi fanda o‘rganilgan narsalarni muhandislik bilan integratsiya qila olish, raqamli ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish uchun internetdan foydalanish lozim.
Va aynan shu STEAM’ga aloqador kasblar 2050 yilga borib dunyodagi barcha kasblarning 75 foizini tashkil qilishi kutilyapti.
STEAM fanlari kelajak kasblarining asosiy qismini tashkil qilsa-da, bu borada malaka yetarli bo‘lmasligi hatto AQShda ham kadrlar tanqisligini yuzaga keltirishi mumkin. Prognozga ko‘ra, 2025 yilga borib AQShda STEAM yo‘nalishidagi 2 mln ish o‘rni kadrlar tanqisligi sabab bo‘sh qoladi.
STEAM kasblari 4 ta fan doirasidagi barcha kasblarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
Bular orasida hisobchi, texnik yozuvchi, kompyuter dasturchisi, kimyogar, moliyaviy tahlilchi, veb-dasturchi, biolog, atrof-muhit muhandisi, tizim tahlilchisi, muhandis-quruvchi, mexanik muhandis, statistik, psixolog, ma’lumotlar bazasi muhandisi, ma’lumotlar bazasi boshqaruvchisi, IT-menejyer, shifokor, "data scientist" kabi kasblar bor.
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Binary Compatibility - Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions

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Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions
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Binary Compatibility
An important feature of the x64 Editions of Windows is the binary compatibility between the AMD64 and 64-bit Xeon and Pentium processors that support the x64 extensions. Windows uses the same binary whether the underlying processor is an AMD or an Intel processor, and applications written for x64 use a single binary as well.
Windows x64 builds on the existing 32-bit Windows APIs and supports the same coding practices as 32-bit Windows. A 32-bit application can determine whether it is running on WOW64 by calling the IsWow64Process function. A 32-bit application that is compiled with the /LARGEADDRESSAWARE switch will have access to 4 GB of virtual memory address space.
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Mitigations - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Mitigations
To mitigate this, users can manually install an older driver, i.e. from Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, by going to the IHV or OEM web site and downloading a driver explicitly. This must be done after the upgrade and is not guaranteed to work. There is no supported solution if a suitable graphics driver is not available on WU. The user must decide whether to:
Remain on the previous OS;
Accept the limitations of the software driver, Microsoft Basic Display Adapter (MSBDA); or
Buy a new graphics card that has a supported Windows 10 driver.
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Bluetooth drivers - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Bluetooth drivers
IHVs and Enterprise customers should be aware that Bluetooth drivers and third party profile packs will not be migrated to Windows 10 as part of upgrade from Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 8.1. Please refer to this article for more information about Bluetooth changes for Windows 10.
Optimized test strategies & flighting
Windows OS ‘flighting’ refers to the interim builds available to Windows Insiders before a final build is released to the general population. The more Insiders that flight these interim builds, the more feedback we receive on the build quality, compatibility, etc, and this helps improve quality of the final builds. You can participate in this flighting program to ensure that your apps work as expected on iterative builds of the OS. We would also encourage you to provide feedback on how these flighted builds are working for you, issues you run into etc.
If your app is in the Store, you can flight your app via the Store, which means that your app will be available for our Windows Insider population to install. Users can install your app and you can receive preliminary feedback on your app before you release it to the general population.
Following are some steps for testing your apps against Windows flighted builds.
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Step 3: Provide feedback - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Step 3: Provide feedback
Let us know how your app is performing against flighted builds. As you discover issues with your app during testing, please log bugs via the partner portal if you have access, or through your Microsoft representative. We encourage this information so that we can build a quality experience for our users together.
Step 4: Register for Ready for 10
The Ready for Windows 10 website is a directory of software that supports Windows 10. It’s intended for IT managers at companies and organizations worldwide that are considering Windows 10 for their deployments. These IT managers can check the site to see whether software deployed in their enterprise is supported in Windows 10.
As an ISV, you have the opportunity to submit your company’s information through the tool to declare your support for Windows 10. The material you submit will be checked and approved by Microsoft. Once your submission is approved, your company will have a listing on the site that includes your company name, trademark or logo, and a list of all your software that is supported on Windows 10. This site only lists your company and software for IT managers to refer to in a directory fashion. There are no other benefits.
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Solutions - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Solutions
It is critical that IHVs and OEMs upload their Windows 10 graphics drivers to WU for any hardware that they intend to support.
Users should leave “Check for Updates” selected (the default setting) when upgrading. Depending on the speed of the network connection and the load on the WU servers, this can mean that the drivers do not get installed until after OOBE has completed and the user has logged in for the first time. In the meantime, the user might notice some limited functionality or poor performance.
Users must ensure that their Internet connection is working before starting an upgrade even if they are upgrading using media (DVD or Flash Drive).
If the PC is connected to the Internet, the appropriate drivers should be downloaded and installed automatically. The user is not required to take any action.
If the PC is not connected to the Internet, the drivers must be downloaded from the IHV or OEM web site using an Internet-connected computer; transferred to the target machine using a Flash Drive or CD/DVD; and then installed manually.
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Exceptions - Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions

Exceptions
Legacy support for older operating systems and applications is not available in 64-bit Windows. This means that 16-bit applications and DOS applications are not supported and will not run in x64 Editions of Windows. The lone exception to this is certain 16-bit installers used by 32-bit applications for which Windows is able to seamlessly substitute the 32-bit version of the installer.
While DOS applications are not supported, 32-bit and 64-bit console applications are supported.
All kernel mode drivers must be 64-bit. No support is available for 32-bit drivers, and applications that depend on a 32-bit kernel mode driver will not run, even in the WOW64 subsystem. Two notable examples of this are Microsoft Exchange Server and POSIX applications that use the Interix subsystem.
Legacy networking protocols such as NetBEUI, Data Link Control (DLC), and AppleTalk are not supported or available for the x64 Editions of Windows.
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x64 Advantages - Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions

The additional (and wider) general-purpose registers of the x64 architecture allow for significant gains in compiler efficiency and overall application speed. With more registers, there is less need to write out persistent data to memory, only to have to read it back a few instructions later.
Another gain with the additional and wider registers is faster function calls. Up to four arguments can be passed in registers to a function, a big improvement over the x86 approach of pushing and popping arguments onto the stack for every floating-point operation.
When running 32-bit applications, floating-point operations will use the floating point registers and the standard x86 conventions. But when running a native 64-bit application, floating point operations use the SSE2 registers.
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Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions - bet 16

WOW64
The WOW64 subsystem provides a high-performance 32-bit Windows environment that enables x64 Windows to take full advantage of the more than 10,000 existing 32-bit Windows applications available today. Because of the underlying hardware compatibility of the x64 architecture, 32-bit applications are able to run at full speed in the WOW64 subsystem. Many applications will actually run faster in WOW64 than they would run in 32-bit Windows because of the larger available memory address space and the greater efficiencies of the x64 processor architecture.
WOW64 isolates 32-bit applications from 64-bit applications, but it provides for interoperability and data exchange across the boundary through COM and remote procedure call (RPC) and through transparent cut and paste. WOW64 runs 32-bit applications seamlessly while preventing file and registry collisions between 32-bit and 64-bit versions of an application.
The .NET Framework is supported under WOW64 as a native 32-bit application.
WOW64 supports Windows graphical applications, console applications, and services. It does not support 16-bit applications, with the exception of some 16-bit installers in which it can seamlessly substitute the 32-bit version.
An important WOW64 limitation is that 32-bit applications cannot load 64-bit DLLs and 64-bit applications cannot load 32-bit DLLs. This means that 32-bit ActiveX controls, for example, cannot be run in the 64-bit version of Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) and that 32-bit DLLs that provide context-sensitive menu extensions to Windows Explorer will not work and will need to be rewritten to run natively in x64. Window XP Professional x64 Edition includes the 32-bit version of IE 6.0 and uses it by default to provide a seamless and transparent experience when browsing the Internet.
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Resources - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Resources
Application Compatibility Toolkit Download: Download the Windows ADK for Windows 10
Known Compatibility Fixes, Compatibility Modes, and AppHelp Messages: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=205039
Version Helpers API: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=325426
Your apps should not call undocumented Windows APIs, or take dependency on specific Windows file exports or registry keys. This can lead to broken functionality, data loss and potential security issues. If there is functionality your app requires that is not available, this is an opportunity to provide feedback through your usual feedback channels and via the Windows Insider program.
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Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions - bet 18

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Benefits of Microsoft Windows x64 Editions
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Summary
Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition provide a highly compatible, high-performance, and secure computing experience that takes advantage of the much larger memory address space and improved security and efficiency of the x64 processors shipping from AMD and Intel. The x64 Editions of Windows support 16 TB of virtual memory address space and from 32 GB to 1 TB of physical RAM. The x64 architecture maintains support for the existing x86 registers while increasing the number and size of the available registers to improve the overall efficiency and performance of applications. The improved security built into the x64 architecture, along with the DEP of Windows, provides an additional layer of security against malicious software. The high-performance and compatibility of the WOW64 subsystem eases the transition from 32-bit Windows to 64-bit Windows by enabling high-performance access to the existing base of more than 10,000 32-bit Windows applications during the transition to 64-bit versions. With the release of the x64 Editions of Windows, 64-bit computing is poised to become the mainstream of personal and corporate computing.
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Mitigations - Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016

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Windows 10 Compatibility Cookbook: March 23, 2016
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Mitigations
Suitable graphics drivers should be delivered either by DU during the upgrade process or by WU soon after the upgrade completes. OEMs must ensure that the appropriate graphics drivers are included in the system images used for factory installation of Windows 10 on their computers.
After an upgrade, the user can explicitly check Settings \ Windows Update for drivers although this should not be necessary. Users who force a check while a driver is being automatically installed in the background might see a driver installation failure if the automatic installation completes first. This can be ignored.
Users who intend to do a clean install of Windows 10 should obtain the relevant drivers before installing or rely on Windows Update to supply the drivers later, in which case they must ensure that their Internet connection is working.
For computers that receive a coverage driver there is no mitigation for missing functionality. However, this should only happen in cases where the hardware supplier no longer maintains the drivers, i.e. computers that are several years old.
NOTE: For systems with a single display, e.g. a laptop, many users find that MSBDA is acceptable and do not notice the lack of a hardware driver. No mitigation is required in this case.
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143 iqtisodiyotda axborot texnologiyalarining o’rni

143 iqtisodiyotda axborot texnologiyalarining o’rni
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143 iqtisodiyotda axborot texnologiyalarining o’rni
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Modern Desktop App functionality is impacted if not run in Windowed Mode

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Modern Desktop App functionality is impacted if not run in Windowed Mode
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In Windows 10, modern apps are no longer full-screen by default – instead, they are windowed and operations like minimizing, restoring, maximizing, resizing (and any other operation that you’ve always been able to do to any other classic app window) is now possible.
The most noticeable change now is that you can get sized to arbitrary sizes that are not just the size of the screen/height of the screen. A user can continuously resize the app window to their liking (down to the app’s minimal window size). This is different from Windows 8.0 or Windows 8.1, where the act of resizing a window was a discrete action (users resized a thumbnail of the window, which then caused the window to resize once the user committed the action). Today instead when the user drags the window by the bottom corner (or other border location) it is a continuous resize, and the app receives resize messages in a row, rather than size change.
To mitigate this for Windows 8.0 and 8.1 apps:
If the expected feature within the app functionality is broken, then the user mitigation is to place the app into full screen mode (by using the “go full screen button” in the upper right corner of the title bar).
If app start-up is impacted that it does not open as expected, then the user should still be able to switch to Tablet Mode to force the app to start in full-screen mode without user intervention.
The best way to handle this is to change the app to be aware of the fact that it can be sized to non-monitor sized places/heights (i.e. don’t have a hardcoded table of height/widths and only expect those, or expect hardcoded ratios as well). App developers should expect that as the app is being resized, that another resizing message can happen right after the current resize message gets delivered – as a result, if the app starts animations during resize, it’s possible that the app may receive another resize message right after (so it’s important to ensure that this type of situation doesn’t lead to the app crashing).
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JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS

JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS
http://www.newjournal.org/
Volume–24_Issue-1_March_2023
145
Buxgalteriya sohasi. Korxonalarda axborotlashtirish tizimlaridan turli xil dasturiy
mahsulotlardan keng foydalanish hisobchining ish joyida axborotlarni ishlab chiqish,
saqlash va uzatish bo’yicha barcha ishlarni avtomatlashtirishga imkon beradi. Masalan,
Moliyaviy hisobotlarni o’ziga qulay vaqtda topshirishda;
Kamunal to’lovlar va turli boshqa soliq to’lovlari haqidagi ma’lumotlar bilan
ishlash va to’plashda.
Axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanish - bu ulkan ma’lumotlar
bilan tez va
sifatli ishlash, o’z vaqtida turli xil qarorlar qabul qilishda samarali vosita sanaladi.
Yuqoridagi ma’lumotlardan ko’rishimiz mumkinki, iqtisodiy sohalarda axborot
texnologiyalaridan keng foydalanish vaqt, mablag’larni tejash va masofani qisqartirish,
ma’lumotlar bilan samarali ishlash,
samaradorlikni oshirish, barqaror rivojlanishni
ta’minlashning muhim vositasi bo’lib xizmat qiladi.
Shuningdek resurslarni yanada samarali taqsimlash
va tejab qolingan
mablag’larni korxona, firma hamda tashkilotlarning kelajakdagi rivojlanishiga
sarflashga yo’naltiriladi.
Yana shuni ham aytib o’tish kerakki, axborot texnologiyalardan keng foydalanish
bu iqtisodiyotni yanada tez sur’atlarda rivojlanishi va effektivligi
oshib borishini
ta’minlaydi.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar va elektron manbalar
1.
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axborot_texnologiyalari
2.
B.A. Qulmatova, D.A. Buranova “Jamiyatning
turli sohalarida axborot
texnologiyalarini o’rni” Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2
| ISSUE 11 | 2021 ISSN: 2181-1385 Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021:
5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21:
0.89 DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-293-299
3.
N.A.Mavrulova. Sug’urtada axborot texnologiyalari (O’quv qo’llanma).. – T.:
“Nihol print” OK, 2022.
Updating Windows 2000 ifs drivers to Windows xp

Updating Windows 2000 IFS Drivers to Windows XP -
Updating Windows 2000 IFS Drivers to Windows XP
Version - August 31, 2001
Abstract
This document is a checklist for developers who are updating Microsoft® Windows® 2000 file system drivers to Windows XP. The document includes information about new features, changes to existing features, kernel changes, and new kernel-mode functions that affect file system drivers.
This information applies for the following operating systems:
Microsoft Windows 2000
Microsoft Windows XP
The current version of this paper is maintained on the Web at:
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/filterdrv/default.mspx
Contents
Introduction 3
New Features 3
Changes to Existing Features 4
Base Kernel Changes and New APIs 6
Disclaimer
The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication.
This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT.
Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property.
Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place or event is intended or should be inferred.
© 2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Maktabgacha

Maktabgacha
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JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS

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JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONSBog'liq 143-145 (1)JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS
http://www.newjournal.org/
Volume–24_Issue-1_March_2023
144
turib o’zlarining hisob-schotlarini boshqarmoqda va hisobotlarini istalgan joydan
jo’natishmoqda, bir-birlari bilan elektron xatlar va xujjatlar almashmoqda.
Axborot texnologiyalarining iqtisodiy sohalarda keng qo’llanilib kelayotganligiga
misol sifatida ayrim sohalarini sanab o’tamiz.
Biznes sohasi. Axborot texnologiyalari yangi korxona yoki firmaning
muvaffaqiyat bilan faoliyat ko’rsatishida katta rol o’ynaydi. Masalan,
Biznes reja tuzishda va kutilayotgan daromad va chiqimlarni hisoblashda;
Tashkilot yoki firmaning yorlig’ini va tegishli hujjatlarini tartibga keltirishda;
Tashkilot yoki firmaning taqdimot marosimini o’tkazishda;
Reklamalarning loyihasini tuzish va reklama materiallarini tayyorlashda;
Hisobotlar, shartnomalar tayyorlashda;
Mijozlar haqidagi ma’lumotlar ro’yxatini saqlash va u bilan ishlashda;
Boshqa firmalar, potensial ta’minotchi, ulgurchi xaridorlar bilan bog’lanishda;
Mijozlar va ta’minotchilar bilan muzokaralar olib borish va hakozolarda.
Bank sohasi. Bank tizimi o’zining ish faoliyatida axborot texnologiyalardan keng
foydalanish imkoniyatiga ega bo’lgan tashkilot hisoblanadi. Masalan,
Yil davomida sutkada 24 soat mijozlarga aloqa uchun va tegishli ma’lumotlar
olish, ma’lumotnomani tekshirish, hisobni to’lash imkoniyatini yaratish;
Mijozlarga xizmat ko’rsatish madaniyatini oshirish;
Kredit kartochkalari yordamida telefon yoki internet orqali xizmatni yo’lga
qo’yish;
Mijozlar haqidagi ma’lumotlarni saqlash;
Bankning hisob raqamlari haqidagi ma’lumotlar va boshqalar.[2.1]
Sug’urta sohasi. Sug’urta tashkilotlarida ham axborot texnologiyalardan keng
foydalanish bu vaqt va mablag’larni tejashga olib keladi. Masalan,
Sug’urta shartnomasini tuzish jarayonida;
Qo’shimcha shartnoma tuzishda;
Sug’urta mukofotini (yoki uning bir qismini) to’lashda;
Sug’urta shartnomasini bekor qilishda;
Sug’urta turlari bo’yicha asosiy ta’rif stavkalarini hisoblashda;
Zaxira fondini hisoblashda;
Sug’urta portfelini tahlil qilishda;
Kompaniyaning moliyaviy holatini tahlil qilish va boshqalarda. [3.15]
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Ehtiyot boʻling - Maktabgacha

9
Dasturlashdan maqsadli foydalanish
Kompyuter raqamli maʼlumotlarni tushunadi. Raqamli ma’lumotlar 1 va 0 raqamlaridan
tashkil topadi. Kompyuterga kiritilayotgan ma’lumotlar 1 va 0 ga aylantiriladi. Bu
jarayon istalgan turdagi maʼlumot, masalan, harflar, raqamlar, tovush va tasvirlar bilan
bajarilib,
ma lumot toʻplash deb ataladi.
Quyidagi tasvirning yuqori qismida analog tovush toʻlqini koʻrsatilgan. U katta qiymatlar
oralig‘iga ega. Quyi qismda ma’lumotlar 1 va 0 shaklida shifrlangan raqamli toʻlqin
ko‘rinishida aks etadi. Raqamli tovush toʻlqini analog tovush toʻlqiniga oʻxshamaydi.
Ma’lumot kiritish va natijani chiqarishning maxsus shakli
teskari aloqa deb ataladi.
Teskari aloqa bir jarayonning natijasini boshqa jarayonga kiritish vaqtida yuz beradi.
Bularning barchasi avtomatik ishga tushadi va yaratilgan maʼlumot keyin nima sodir
boʻlishini oʻzgartiradi.
Raqamli
kompyuterdagi
ma’lumotlar. Ular
kompyuterda
1 va 0 shaklida
saqlanadi.
Ma’lumot
toʻplash real
dunyodagi
maʼlumotlarni
toʻplash va
uni kompyuter
tushunadigan tilga
oʻgirish.
Teskari aloqa:
kiritilgan
ma’lumot dasturni
oʻzgartiradi va
natija hosil boʻladi.
Natijani chiqarish
dasturda yangi
kirish ma’lumotiga
aylanadi.
Kalit soʻzlar
-amaliy koʻnikma
Foydalanuvchi bilan o zaro aloqani aniqlash
1. Bosiladigan tugmalarni aniqlash.
Kompyuter oʻyini davomida foydalanuvchi tugmalarni bosish orqali muayyan harakatni
bajaradi. Masalan, avtomobilni boshqarish oʻyinida yuqoriga qaragan strelka belgisi
bosilsa, avtomobil oldinga yuradi. Dastur yuqoriga qaragan strelka bosilganini bilishi
kerak, aks holda avtomobil oldinga harakatlanmaydi.
Bu amalni
Scratchda bajarish uchun
• mashg‘ulotlar namunasi; 
•

4
irish
1
Dasturlashdan maqsadli foydalanish ........................................................................ 6
2
Veb sayt dizaynidan maqsadli foydalanish ............................................................. 54
3
Kompyuter tarmoqlaridan maqsadli foydalanish .................................................. 88
4
Video yoki animatsiyadan maqsadli foydalanish ................................................. 111
Glossariy .............................................................................................................................. 145
Events 
menyusidan 
bloki tanlanadi.
https://t.me/edurtm_uz
     
10

11
Dasturlashdan maqsadli foydalanish
-amaliy koʻnikma
Foydalanuvchi bilan o zaro aloqani aniqlash
2. Foydalanuvchi tanlaydigan obyektlar.
Foydalanuvchi interfeysdagi muayyan obyektni tanlashi natijasida o‘yinda
muayyan o‘zgarish roʻy beradi. Masalan, foydalanuvchi tanlagan avtomobil oldinga
harakatlanadi.
Bu amalni bajarish uchun
Sprayt belgilanadi.
Events
menyusidan
bloki tanlanadi.
Blok pastidan sprayt tanlanganda bajariladigan harakatlarning ko‘rsatmasi qo‘shiladi.
Kod ishlashini tekshiring.
1.2-mashgʻulot
Quyidagi vazifani amalga oshiruvchi blokni qo‘shing: chapga qaragan strelka
tugmasi bosilsa, avtomobil oʻn qadam orqaga harakatlansin.
Kod ishlashini tekshiring.
1.3-mashgʻulot
Quyidagi vazifani bajaruvchi blokni qo‘shing: yuqoriga qaragan strelka tugmasi
bosilsa, avtomobil chap tomonga 90 daraja burilsin.
Kod ishlashini tekshiring.
1.4-mashgʻulot
Quyidagi vazifani bajaruvchi blokni qo‘shing: pastga qaragan strelka tugmasi bosilsa,
avtomobil oʻng tomonga 90 daraja burilsin.
Kod ishlashini tekshiring.
Sprayt elementini
orqaga
harakatlantirish
uchun manfiy
raqam qoʻllanadi.
Masalan, -10.
Mundarija
     
5 - Maktabgacha

5
-amaliy koʻnikma
Amaliy koʻnikma
egallagan bilim va
koʻnikmalaringizni sinash uchun mashg‘ulotlar.
-amaliy koʻnikma
Ma lumot kiritish
Diqqat
vazifani bajarishda
xato qilmaslikni
ta’minlovchi ma’lumotlar.
Ehtiyot boʻling
Xavfsizlik
choralari boʻyicha muhim
maslahat va tavsiyalar.
DIQQAT
Internetdan tasvir
yuklab olishda
ehtiyot boʻlish
va kirilayotgan
saytlarning xavfsiz
ekaniga ishonch
hosil qilish kerak.
Kitobdan foydalanish qoidalari
Kitobdan foydalanish tartibi
Har bir modul bir nechta rukndan iborat. Ularning qisqacha mazmuni bilan tanishing.
Modul maqsadlari
modulda o‘rganiladigan asosiy bilim va ko‘nikmalar.
Bu modulda quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
1
Abstraksiya yordamida interaktiv dastur rejalashtirish
2
Tanlash, ma’lumotlarni kiritish va natijani chiqarish yordamida interaktiv dastur
yaratish va tekshirish
Kalit soʻzlar
mavzuga oid
muhim va foydali
soʻzlarning ta’rifi.
Bilasizmi
kelgusi tadqiqotlarda
foydalanishingiz uchun qiziqarli
maʼlumotlar va faktlar.
Maslahat
vazifani bajarishingiz
uchun zarur tavsiyalar.
Masala
oʻquv dasturiga kiritilmagan va nisbatan
murakkab mashgʻulotlar.
Masala
Ssenariy
modulda oʻrganganlaringizni hayotiy
vaziyatlarda qo‘llashingizga yordam beruvchi
mashg‘ulotlar.
Ssenariy
Ajoyib superqahramonlar
Router
kompyuterlar va
tarmoqlarni bir-
biriga bog‘laydigan
komponent.
Kalit soʻzlar
Birinchi onlayn
veb sayt
http://info.cern.ch
boʻlgan. U 1991-yil
6-avgustda ishga
tushgan.
Bilasizmi
Encyclopaedia
Britannica veb
saytida keltirilgan
superqahramonlar
roʻyxatidan
foydalanish mumkin.
Veb sayt: veb 
sahifalar majmuyi.
Auditoriya

Veb sayt: veb
sahifalar majmuyi.
Auditoriya: veb sahifa
foydalanuvchilari.
Maqsad: veb
sahifani yaratish
sababi, masalan,
vaqtni maroqli
oʻtkazish.
Veb sahifa: veb
saytdagi bir sahifa.
HTML:veb sahifa
yaratish uchun
foydalaniladigan til.
Kalit soʻzlar Manba kodi: veb sahifani
yaratish uchun
yozilgan HTML kod.
Kalit soʻzlar -amaliy koʻnikma Veb sahifani sozlash Dastlab, Notepad dasturidan foydalanib veb sahifa sozlab olinadi. Notepad boshqa
kontent bilan bir qatorda veb sahifalar yaratish uchun ham qoʻllanadi. aratilayotgan
kontentning veb sahifa ekanini koʻrsatish uchun HTML kod yoziladi.
oziladigan HTML kod veb sahifaning
manba kodi hisoblanadi. Ishni boshlash uchun
yangi Notepad fayli ochiladi.
https://t.me/edurtm_uz
56 angi Notepad fayliga quyidagi HTML kod kiritiladi:
Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari

3
Kirish
8-sinf uchun mo‘ljallangan “Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari” darsligi
Cambridge
University Press nashriyotining 2019-yilda chop qilingan “ICT Starters: On Track Stage 2”
kitobi asosida yaratilgan. Ushbu darslikdagi “On Track” modullari
axborot-kommunikatsiya
texnologiyalari (AKT) bo‘yicha bilim va ko‘nikmalarni egallashingizga yordam beradi.
Qolaversa, fanning keyingi bosqichlari uchun mustahkam poydevor bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
Modullarni erkin tartibda o‘rganish mumkin.
Darslikda veb sayt dizayni, dasturlash, video va animatsiya yaratish bo‘yicha
mahoratingizni yanada oshirish uchun zarur bilim va amaliy ko‘nikmalar jamlangan.
Darslik quyidagi materiallardan iborat:
Maslahat
Internetdan 
maʼlumot 
qidirayotganda 
faqat ishonchli veb 
saytlarga kirish 
kerak. 
Ehtiyot boʻling

6
Dasturlashdan
maqsadli foydalanish
Bu modulda quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
1
Abstraksiya yordamida interaktiv dasturni rejalashtirish
2
Belgilash, ma’lumotlarni kiritish va natijani chiqarish
yordamida interaktiv
dasturni yaratish va uni tekshirish
3
Maʼlumotlarni kiritish va tanlash bloklaridan foydalanib
interaktiv dasturning
natijasini taxmin qilish
4
Tanlash, maʼlumotlarni kiritish va natijani chiqarish yordamida interaktiv
dasturni yaratish
va rasman tekshirish
5
Tarkibida bir nechta xato mavjud bo‘lgan qisqa interaktiv dasturni debaglash
Bu modulda yakuniy loyihangizni bajarishda qoʻl keladigan amaliy ko‘nikmalarni
rivojlantirasiz. Yakuniy loyiha
Scratch dasturlash tili yordamida interaktiv o‘yin
yaratishdan iborat. Ushbu o‘yin virtual uy jonivoriga g‘amxo‘rlik qilish haqida bo‘ladi.
Bu jarayonda foydalanuvchidan ushbu uy jonivorini ovqatlantirish
va uni zeriktirmaslik
talab etiladi.
Oʻyin yaratishdan avval uni rejalashtirish,
loyihalash, ishlab chiqish va tekshirishni
o‘rganasiz. Ishni
Scratch dasturlash tiliga oid koʻnikmalarni egallashdan boshlaysiz,
chunki ushbu amaliy koʻnikmalar yakuniy loyihada ishlab chiqiladigan oʻyinning bir
qismi sifatida qoʻllanadi.
1
6
7
1
Dasturlashdan maqsadli foydalanish
Shuningdek, quyidagilarni bilib olasiz:
• oʻzgaruvchilardan
foydalanish;
• translyatsiya;
• Spraytni sozlash;
• oʻyin fonini oʻzgartirish;
vaqtida 
uyg‘oniladi. Aks 
holda, maktabga 
kech qolish 
mumkin. 
Bilasizmi

20
Operator ikkita
qiymat yoki
oʻzgaruvchilar
o‘rtasida
foydalaniladigan
buyruq. Masalan,
“<” yoki “>”
belgilari.
Kalit soʻzlar
If ... then ko‘rinishi
Javob True boʻlsa,
Scratch blokining ichidagi buyruqlarni ishga tushiradi. Javob False
boʻlsa, kod ishga tushmaydi. Masalan:
Ochkolardagi qiymat 10 ga teng boʻlsa,
Siz yutdingiz xabari chiqadi. Aks holda, hech
qanday xabar chiqmaydi.
If ... then ... else ko‘rinishi
Javob True bo‘lsa,
then buyrug‘idan keyingi amal
bajariladi.
Javob False bo‘lsa,
else buyrug‘idan keyingi amal
bajariladi.
Ochkolar
o‘zgaruvchisining qiymati 10 ga teng boʻlsa,
Siz
yutdingiz xabari paydo bo‘ladi.
Agar
Ochkolar
• toʻqnashuvlarni aniqlash;
•

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• toʻqnashuvlarni aniqlash;
•Bog'liq 8-sinf Informatika va axborot texnologiyalari yangi darslik kitob 2023 (1)• toʻqnashuvlarni aniqlash;
• taymerdan foydalanish va kutish;
• tasodifiy raqamlardan foydalanish.
angi ko‘nikmalar va ulardan foydalanishni o‘rgangach, ularni o‘yin loyihasini ishlab
chiqish jarayonida oson qo‘llaysiz.
Darsni boshlashdan avval
Quyidagilarni bilishingiz kerak:
• Scratch dasturlash tili yordamida oddiy dasturlarni, jumladan, ketma-ketliklar,
takrorlash va protseduralarni yaratish;
• dasturni tekshirish va kamchiliklarni to‘g‘rilash;
• blok-sxemalardan foydalanish va ularni yaratish.
Kirish
Kompyuter dasturini yaratishning ilk bosqichlari rejalashtirish va loyihalashdan
iborat. Bu bosqichlar odatda
dastur yaratish sikliga muvofiq amalga oshiriladi.
Dastur yaratish sikli kompyuter dasturini rejalashtirish, loyihalash, yaratish,
sinovdan
o‘tkazish va yaxshilashga imkon beruvchi tizimli amallar hisoblanadi.
Dasturni rejalashtirish orqali quyidagilarga erishasiz:
• dastur vazifasini aniqlash;
• dasturchilar (dastur ustida ishlayotgan jamoa)ga dastur talablarini to‘liq tushuntirish;
• buyurtmachi(lar)ning ishlab chiqilgan oʻyin dasturidan mamnunligiga ishonch hosil
qilish.
Reja yordamida dastur qanday ishlashini loyihalaysiz. Rejalashtirish tufayli har qanday
ehtimoliy muammo ishni boshlashdan avval aniqlanadi va bartaraf etiladi. Natijada
dasturni ishlab chiqish jarayoni oson kechadi.
Dastur ishlab chiqilgandan soʻng uning xatolarsiz, mukammal ishlashini tekshirish
kerak. Buyurtma asosida dastur yaratishdan avval mijoz yoki buyurtmachining talablari
batafsil oʻrganib chiqiladi, chunki dastur ularning talabiga mos kelmasa, bajarilgan
ishlar uchun haq toʻlanmaydi.
Dastur yaratish
sikli: rasmiy
jarayonlar
toʻplami boʻlib,
rejalashtirish,
loyihalash,
ishlab chiqish va
tizimni sinovdan
o‘tkazishni oʻz
ichiga oladi.
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Sinovdan 
o‘tkazish - Maktabgacha

8
Dasturlar odatda
interfeys yordamida foydalanuvchi bilan
oʻzaro aloqaga
kirishadi.
Interfeys dasturning bir qismi bo‘lib, u foydalanuvchi va dastur o‘rtasidagi
aloqani
ta’minlaydi. Interfeys foydalanuvchi bosishi, terishi va e’tibor qaratishi mumkin boʻlgan
ekran tugmalari, matn, tasvir va boshqalarni oʻz ichiga oladi.
Interaktiv dasturda foydalanuvchi quyidagi imkoniyatlarga ega bo‘ladi:
• maʼlumotni kompyuterga
kiritish tugmalarni bosish, matn va sonlarni
kiritish
kabi amallardan iborat. Masalan, kompyuter oʻyinini boshqarish qurilmasidan
foydalanish;
• kompyuterdan maʼlumot olish
chiqarilgan natijalarni,
jumladan, tasvir va
matnni koʻrish, audioni eshitishdan iborat.
Real hayotda koʻpincha
analog maʼlumotlar uchraydi. Muayyan shaklga ega har
qanday qiymat, masalan, tovush yoki tasvir analog ma’lumot hisoblanadi.
Bunday
ma’lumotlarni kompyuter tushunishi uchun ularni ma’lum darajada oʻzgartirish kerak.
Interaktiv:
foydalanuvchiga
ma’lumot kiritish va
chiqarish imkonini
beruvchi dastur.
Interfeys:
dasturning
ma’lumotlarni
kiritish
va natijani
chiqarib berishga
mo‘ljallangan qismi.
Maʼlumot kiritish
kompyuterga
ma’lumot kiritish.
Masalan, matn terish
yoki tugmachalarni
bosish.
Natijani chiqarish:
foydalanuvchiga
kompyuterning
ekrani
yoki ovoz
karnayi yordamida
ma’lumot yetkazish.
Analog: real
hayotdagi
(kompyuter
yordamida taqdim
etilmaydigan)
maʼlumot .
Kalit soʻzlar
Scratch dasturlash
tilining internet
versiyasi bilan
ishlashda onlayn
xavfsizlik
qoidalariga
rioya qilish muhim.
Xususan, oʻquvchi
faqat tavsiya
etilgan veb saytdan
foydalanishi kerak.
Oʻqituvchining
ruxsatisiz boshqa
odamlar bilan
onlayn suhbat
qurish yoki boshqa
veb
saytlarga kirish
mumkin emas.
Lab assignment 2 Installing Windows 2000 Materials Required - bet 10

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Lab assignment 2 Installing Windows 2000 Materials Required
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bet | 10/13 | Sana | 24.06.2020 | Hajmi | 0,54 Mb. | | #10571 |
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service included with Windows 2000 Server that automatically configures TCP/IP systems with the IP addresses and other settings they need to operate. This eliminates the need to manually configure each workstation and to maintain records of the IP addresses assigned to the systems on the network. After installing the service, you use the DHCP console to specify the IP addresses and other parameters that you want to assign. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a service that resolves IP addresses into their host names. When you connect to a site on the Internet with a Web browser, for example, the browser first contacts a DNS server to resolve the server name in the URL you specified into an IP address. DNS is also an integral component of Active Directory. Windows 2000 Server includes a DNS service, but many networks use the DNS servers supplied by their ISPs. After installation, you use the DNS console to configure the service. The Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) performs the same function for NetBIOS names that the DNS does for host names. When a pre-Windows 2000 computer attempts to communicate with another system on the Windows network, it sends the system’s NetBIOS name to a WINS server, which responds with the system’s IP address. WINS can work together with DHCP by automatically registering the names of workstations as the DHCP server assigns IP addresses to them. You configure WINS using the WINS console. The final phase of the Widows 2000 installation process begins with the setup program installing the default networking components, including the driver for the network interface card the program has detected, the Client for Microsoft Networks, and the TCP/IP protocols.
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Lab assignment 2 Installing Windows 2000 Materials Required - bet 11

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Lab assignment 2 Installing Windows 2000 Materials Required
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bet | 11/13 | Sana | 24.06.2020 | Hajmi | 0,54 Mb. | | #10571 |
Windows 2000 installs the TCP/IP protocols by default, and configures them to use DHCP to request an IP address and other configuration settings. If you don’t have a DHCP server on your network, or if you just want to configure the TCP/IP protocols manually, open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box by highlighting the protocol on the Networking Components page and clicking the Properties button.
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Lab assignment 2 Installing Windows 2000 Materials Required - bet 12

In the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, the wizard prompts you to specify whether or not you want to join an existing domain on the network or create a workgroup. If this is the first server on your network and you plan to create a domain later, or if you don’t want to use a domain at all, select the No radio button on this page and specify the name of a workgroup in the Workgroup or Computer Domain field. You must create a workgroup, even if it’s a workgroup containing one machine.
Ease of Access Center - Windows Vista™ Privacy Statement Last Updated: November 2006 Contents

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Windows Vista™ Privacy Statement Last Updated: November 2006 Contents
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bet | 18/76 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 413,97 Kb. | | #994 |
Ease of Access Center
What this feature does
The Ease of Access Center enables you to turn on accessibility options and settings that can help you more easily interact with the computer.
Information collected, processed or transmitted
The information collected is a list of impairments or difficulties that will be used to recommend settings on your computer to make it easier for you to use. You can provide this information by selecting the appropriate statements from a series.
These statements include:
-
On TV, faces, or text are often hard to see clearly.
-
I am colorblind.
-
I am blind.
-
I have an impairment that prevents me from using the keyboard.
-
I am deaf.
-
I have a speech impairment.
Use of information
This information is used to provide a set of configuration recommendations to you based on the statements that you chose. This information is saved in a non-human-readable format and stored locally on your computer. This information is not sent to Microsoft and is only available to you and to administrators on your computer, not to other users.
Choice and control
You can choose which statements you would like to select, and you can alter your choices at any time. You can also choose which recommendations you want to configure on your computer.
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Input Method Editor (IME) - Windows Vista™ Privacy Statement Last Updated: November 2006 Contents

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Windows Vista™ Privacy Statement Last Updated: November 2006 Contents
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bet | 25/76 | Sana | 21.03.2017 | Hajmi | 413,97 Kb. | | #994 |
Input Method Editor (IME) IME Learning
What this feature does
Microsoft Input Method Editor (IME) is used with East Asian languages to convert keyboard input to ideograms. The learning feature of IME for Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, and Japanese may record words or word pairs to improve the selection of the ideograms displayed.
Information collected, processed or transmitted
The IME learning feature records a word or word pair and their associated scores as a result of user operations. This information (excluding any digit/symbol character sequences) is stored in the user dictionary for each user on the computer. IME does not send the information to Microsoft.
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