nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
bob Maʼlumotlar bazasi va a l tushunchasi

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bob Maʼlumotlar bazasi va a l tushunchasi Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 204/510 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 14,88 Mb. | | #245028 |
Bog'liq 10-11-sinf Informatika va AT @E BAZA ISHREJAbob Maʼlumotlar bazasi va a l tushunchasi
ICT_STB_G10-11_c09_p143-183_NT_R6_2023.indd 157
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158
i irish amallari
uqorida siz faqat butun jadvallarni koʻrib chiqdingiz
Jadvalning faqat zaruriy qismini koʻrib, qolgan
qismiga chalgʻimaslikning ham iloji bor Bunda zaruriy
qismni koʻrsatadigan shartlarni ichiga oluvchi qidirish
u ry
laridan foydalaniladi
o a u rylar
Sodda query faqat bir shartni oʻz ichiga oladi Shart
ma’lumotga nisbatan qoʻllanadigan qoida
Sodda query yaratganda qaysi maydonlar
koʻrsatilishini belgilash ham mumkin
Bu bogʻlangan jadvaldagi ma’lumotlarni ham oʻz ichiga
olishi mumkin
sin In ormati a va a borot t nologi alari
Quyidagi jadvalda ayrim natijalar uchun sodda
queryga misollar berilgan
Maydon
Shart
Natija
Shtat
CA
CA (Kaliforniya)da
yashovchi barcha
xaridorlarni koʻrsatadi
Marketing True
Marketing yangiliklarini
qabul qilishga rozilik
bildirgan barcha
xaridorlarni koʻrsatadi
Baho
100
100 ball olgan barcha
oʻquvchilarni koʻrsatadi
Baho
<50
50 balldan past baho
olgan barcha oʻquvchilarni
koʻrsatadi
Narx
3,99
Narxi 3,99 dan yuqori
barcha mahsulotlarni
koʻrsatadi (ya’ni 4,00 yoki
undan yuqori)
Avtomobil
bosib
oʻtgan
masofa
>=50000
Kamida 50 000 kilometr
masofa bosgan barcha
avtomashinalarni
koʻrsatadi
Kengligi
<=50
Kengligi 50 mm
gacha boʻlgan barcha
mahsulotlarni koʻrsatadi
Ishga
olingan
sanasi
<01.01.2010
Kompaniyaga 2010-yil
1-yanvardan oldin ishga
olingan barcha xodimlarni
koʻrsatadi
Uchrashuv
vaqti
12 00
Tushdan keyingi barcha
uchrashuvlarni koʻrsatadi
Familiya
A kabi
Familiyasi A bilan
boshlanuvchi barcha
xaridorlarni koʻrsatadi
Mahsulot
kodi
B kabi Uchinchi belgisi B boʻlgan
barcha mahsulot kodlarini
koʻrsatadi
Allergiya
ongʻoq
emas
ongʻoqqa allergiyasi
yoʻq boʻlgan barcha
oʻquvchilarni koʻrsatadi
M
9.02
Sales processing 2.mdb
9.02
Sales processing 2.mdb
faylida savdo vakili
lavozimiga ega boʻlgan barcha savdo vakillarini
koʻrsatish uchun sodda query yaratildi
9.24-rasm. Savdo vakillari boʻyicha query.
Lavozimi Savdo vakili sharti faqat oʻsha
ish lavozimiga ega barcha savdo vakillari
koʻrsatilishini anglatadi Faqat Familiyasi va
Ismi maydonlaridagi ma’lumotlar aks ettiriladi
Lavozim koʻrinmaydi, chunki bu variant query
shartida belgilanmagan Quyida ushbu oddiy query
natijasi koʻrsatilgan
9.25-rasm. Savdo vakili query natijasi.
M
ICT_STB_G10-11_c09_p143-183_NT_R6_2023.indd 158
28.10.2023 11:30:43
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Albom varag‘i - Ict stb g10-11 pre p00i-0viii nt r6 2023. indd

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Ict stb g10-11 pre p00i-0viii nt r6 2023. indd Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 406/510 | Sana | 20.05.2024 | Hajmi | 14,88 Mb. | | #245028 |
Bog'liq 10-11-sinf Informatika va AT @E BAZA ISHREJAAlbom varag‘i
diz.
Landscape
varaqning eni bo‘yiga
nisbatan uzunroq bo‘lgan ko‘rinishi.
Alfa sinov
dast.
Alpha testing
dasturning ilk versiyasini
sinash.
Algoritm
xlq. dast.
Algorithm
ko‘rsatmalar ketma-
ketligi.
Almashtirma belgili qidirish
Wildcard searches
istalgan harf yoki belgi oʻrniga shartli belgi qoʻyib
qidirish masalan, shartli belgi sifatida asterisk ( ) dan
foydalanish mumkin.
Aloqalar uzviyligi
mb.
Referential integrity
maʼlumotlar
bazasidagi birlamchi va tashqi kalitlar aloqasining toʻgʻri
yoʻlga qoʻyilgan holati
Amaliy dastur
Application program
xat, hisob ishlari,
taqdimot, veb sahifa kabi turli hujjatlarni yaratishga
mo‘ljallangan dasturiy ta’minot.
Analog
xlq. tar.
Analogue
toʻlqinli signal raqamli
boʻlmagan signal
nalo maʼlumot
mb.
Analogue data
yaxlit, uzluksiz
blokda saqlanadigan maʼlumotlar
Analog-raqamli konverter
tar.
Analogue-to-digital
converter
analog signalni raqamli signalga va aksincha
raqamli signalni analog signalga oʻzgartiradigan qurilma
AND
atm. dast.
AND
maʼlumotlar bazasining query
operatori bo‘lib, ikki shart orasiga qo‘yilganda, ikkala
shartga mos keluvchi ma’lumotlarni qidiradi mantiqiy
funksiya yoki operatsiyaga boshqa mantiqiy funksiya
va operatsiya yoki o‘zgaruvchini qo‘shish uchun
foydalaniladigan qo‘shimcha modifikator
Animatsion obyekt
diz.
Animated object
paydo
bo‘lish, yo‘qolish, qo‘zg‘alish va shakl o‘zgartirish effekti
qo‘llangan grafik obyekt
Animatsiya
diz.
Animation
slayddagi matn va
tasvirlarga qoʻshiluvchi turli harakatlar qoʻlda yoki
kompyuter yordamida chizilgan bir nechta tasvirlar
toʻplami Ular ketma-ket va tez namoyish etilsa, xuddi
harakatlanayotgandek ko‘rinadi.
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tatik aram trlar - Ict stb g10-11 pre p00i-0viii nt r6 2023. indd

163
u rylar a statik va inamik aram trlar an
foy alanish zaruratini tahlil ilish
Statik parametr qiymatlari query necha marta
ishlatilishidan qat’i nazar, ushbu parametr qiymatlari
oʻzgarmaydigan hollarda qoʻllanishi kerak Masalan,
agar siz itoyda joylashgan barcha xaridorlar uchun
muntazam ravishda ma’lumot qidirsangiz, unda siz
Mamlakat itoy shartiga ega boʻlgan statik parametr
querysidan foydalanasiz Foydalanuvchi query har safar
bajarilganda uning qiymatini oʻzgartirishni xohlasa,
dinamik parametrlarni ishlatishi zarur Masalan, agar
sizga ma’lum bir mahsulot kodini qidirishga imkon
beradigan query zarur boʻlsa, lekin ushbu mahsulot kodi
har safar har xil boʻlsa, unda Mahsulot kodi Iltimos,
mahsulot kodini kiriting mezoniga ega boʻlgan dinamik
querydan foydalanasiz
Original version Date: 18/05/2017

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Original version Date: 18/05/2017
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bet | 548/654 | Sana | 03.01.2022 | Hajmi | 1,5 Mb. | | #14803 |
Original version Date: 18/05/2017
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Author: NMF Consensus Group
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Current Version number: 2.0
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Current Version Date: 16/11/2020
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Risk Rating:
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Due for Review: 16/11/2025
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Approval by: DTC
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Approval Date: TBA
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Sildenafil |
Revision Date : 23-12-2020
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Approved: TC/KOH
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Alert
|
Data in neonates are limited. Use in neonates should be restricted and considered experimental. Further studies are needed.
|
Indication
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Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate (PPHN):
- refractory to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and other conventional therapies or
- those who are persistently unable to be weaned off inhaled nitric oxide or
- in situations where inhaled nitric oxide and high frequency ventilation are not available
Chronic pulmonary hypertension secondary to respiratory, cardiac or chest wall disease.
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Action
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Selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. PDE5 is found in the smooth muscle of the pulmonary vasculature, where it is responsible for the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP produces smooth muscle relaxation. Sildenafil increases cGMP within pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in relaxation. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, this can lead to selective vasodilatation of the pulmonary vascular bed and, to a lesser degree, vasodilatation in the systemic circulation.
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Drug Type
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Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor.
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Trade Name
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IV: Revatio
Oral: Pharmacy prepared
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Presentation
|
IV: Vial for injection containing 10 mg/12.5 mL = 0.8 mg/mL of sildenafil
Oral: Pharmacy-prepared oral suspension
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Аlgoritmning xossаlаri - О‘zbеkistоn rеsрublikаsi оliy vа о‘rtа mахsus tа’lim

Аlgoritmning xossаlаri. Аlgoritmlаrning аsosiy xossаlаri quyidаgilаrdаn iborаt:
Tushunаrlilik. Аlgoritm ijroсhisi buyruqlаr ketmа-ketligini qаndаy bаjаrishni
аniq bilishi kerаk. Аlgoritmning ijroсhisi hаmmа vаqt hаm inson bulаvermаydi.
Ijroсhigа tаvsiyа etilаyotgаn ko‘rsаtmаlаr uning uсhun tushinаrli bo‘lishi kerаk, аks
holdа ijroсhi hаr qаndаyаmаlni hаm bаjаrа olmаydi.
Diskretlik. Аlgoрitm ijroсhisi mаsаlаni yeсhish jаrаyonini аlohidа vа soddа
qаdаmlаr ketmа-ketligini bаjаrish deb tushunishi kerаk. Bu xossаning mаzmuni–
аlgoritmlаrni doimo сhekli qаdаmlаrdаn iborаt qilib bo‘lаklаsh imkoniyаti
mаvjudligidаdir. Boshqасhа аytgаndа, uni сhekli sondаgi oddiy ko‘rsаtmаlаr ketmа-
ketligi shаklidа ifodаlаsh mumkin. Аlgoritmning bu xossаsi yukoridа keltirilgаn
misollаrdа yаqqol kko‘rinib turibdi. Аgаr kuzаtilаyotgаn jаrаyonlаrni сhekli
qаdаmlаrdаn iborаt qilib bo‘lаklаy olmаsаk, u holdа uni аlgoritm deb bo‘lmаydi.
Аniqlik. Аlgoritmning hаr biri qoidаsi, undаgi аmаllаr vа buyruqlаr bir
mа’noli bo‘lishi kerаk. Shu xossаgа аsosаn аlgoritm ijroсhisi buyruqlаr ketmа-
ketligini mexаniq bаjаrish imkoniyаtigа egа bo‘lаdi. Ijroсhigа berilаyotgаn
ko‘rsаtmаlаr аniq mаzmundа bo‘lishi kerаk. Сhunki, ko‘rsаtmаdаgi noаniqliklаr
muljаldаgi mаqsаdgа erishishgа olib kelmаydi.
Nаtijаviylik. Bu xossаning mаzmuni shundаn iborаtki, hаr qаndаy
аlgoritmning ijrosi oxir-okibаt mа’lum bir yeсhimgа kelishi kerаk. Hаr bir аlgoritm
сhekli sondаgi qаdаmlаrdаn keyin, аlbаttа, nаtijа berishi shаrt. Bаjаrilаdigаn аmаllаr
kuр bo‘lsа hаm, bаribir nаtijаgа olib kelishi kerаk. Сhekli qаdаmdаn keyin kuyilgаn
mаsаlа yeсhimgа egа emаsligini аniqlаsh hаm nаtijа hisoblаnаdi. Аgаr
ko‘rilаyotgаn jаrаyon сheksiz dаvom etib, nаtijа bermаsа, uni аlgoritm deb аytа
olmаymiz.
Ommаviylik. Mаsаlаni yeсhish аlgoritmi umumiy hollаr uсhun yаrаtilаdi,
yа’ni fаkаtginа boshlаngiсh qiymаtlаri bilаn fаrklаnuvсhi bir turdаgi mаsаlаlаr sinfi
uсhun tuzilаdi. Bundа boshlаngiсh qiymаtlаr аlgoritmning qiymаtlаr qаbul qilishi
298
mumkin bo‘lgаn sohаdаn olinаdi. Hаr bir аlgoritm mаzmunigа kurа bir turdаgi
mаsаlаlаrning bаrсhаsi uсhun hаm o‘rinli bo‘lishi kerаk, yа’ni mаsаlаning
boshlаng’iсh mа’lumotlаri qаndаy bo‘lishidаn qаt’iy nаzаr аlgoritm shu xildаgi hаr
qаndаy mаsаlаni yeсhishgа yаroklidir.
Mustahkamlash uchun savollar

365
8.5.
Yacheyka va jadvalni formatlash
Muhim so`zlar:
yacheyka, qator,ustun qo`shish,o`chirish,muloqot
oynasi, varaq, shablon, himoyalash, formatlash, format turlari.
Bilib olasiz:
yacheyka, qator, ustun qo`shish, o`chirish, balandligi va
uzunligini sozlash, yangi varaq, diagramma, shablon qo`shish,varaq ustida
bajariladigan amallar (nomlash, qayta nomlash, …), varaqni, ishchi kitobni
himoyalash, eslatma, izoh lar bilan ishlash, yacheykani formatlash usullarini.
Microsoft Excelda yacheyka qo`shish uchun
qator va ustun qo`shish kеrak bo`ladi. Sichqon
yordamida juda oson varaqqa yacheyka qo`shish
mumkin. Buning uchun yacheyka qo`shilishi kеrak
bo`lgan joyga sichqon olib kеlinadi va yacheyka
tanlanadi. Sichqonning o`ng tugmasi bosilib, ekranga
lokal muloqot oynasi chiqadi. Oynadan [вставить]
buyrug`i tanlanadi va ekranga [Добавление ячеек] muloqot oynasi chiqadi (8.17-
rasm). 8.17-rasmdan ko`rinib turibdiki, yacheyka
qo`shishning 4 xil turi bor: 1) [ячейки, со
сдвигом вправо] - o`ngga harakat bilan, yacheyka
qo`shish. 2) [ячейки, со сдвигом вниз] - pastga
harakat bilan, yacheyka qo`shish. 3) [строку] -
qator 4) [столбец] - ustun. 4 turdan kеraklisini
tanlab, [OK] tugmasi bosilsa, varaqqa albatta yacheyka qo`shiladi. Sichqonsiz
bajarish uchun esa bosh lentaning [ячейки] bo`limidan [вставить] buyrug`ining
[вставить ячейки] buyrug`idan foydalaniladi. Qator balandligini o`zgartirish
uchun kеrakli qatorni tanlash lozim. Tanlangan qatorning ustiga sichqonning o`ng
tugmasi bosilib, [высота строки] buyrug`i tanlanadi va ekranga [высота строки]
muloqot oynasi chiqadi. [высота строки] dеgan joyga kеrakli balandlikni kiritib,
[OK] tugmasi bosiladi. Shunday qilib, qatorning balandligi o`zgaradi
.
Sichqonsiz
bajarish uchun esa bosh lentaning yacheyka bo`limidan [формат] buyrug`iga kirib,
Dosage/Interval - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
|
bet | 549/654 | Sana | 03.01.2022 | Hajmi | 1,5 Mb. | | #14803 |
Dosage/Interval
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IV:
Loading: 0.4 mg/kg administered over THREE hours followed by:
Maintenance: 1.6 mg/kg/day (0.067 mg/kg/hour) as a continuous infusion for up to 7 days.
PO:
Start at 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/dose given 6 to 8 hourly and titrate up to 2 mg/kg/dose according to response.
May increase up to maximum of 3 mg/kg/dose given 6 hourly.
To avoid the possible occurrence of sudden clinical deterioration during withdrawal of sildenafil, a gradual dose reduction should be considered when stopping sildenafil.
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Route
|
IV, oral
|
Preparation/Dilution
|
See below
|
Administration
|
IV infusion:
Low concentration IV infusion (weight > 2.5 kg)
Draw up 2.5mL/kg (2 mg/kg of sildenafil) solution and make up to 15 mL using glucose 5% (preferred) or sodium chloride 0.9%.
Infuse 1 mL/h for 3 hours (loading dose of 0.4 mg/kg) followed by 0.5 mL/h (0.067 mg/kg/h)
High concentration IV Infusion (weight ≤ 2.5 kg)
Draw up 4.2mL/kg (3.36 mg /kg of sildenafil) solution and make up to 15 mL using glucose 5% (preferred) or sodium chloride 0.9%.
Infuse 0.6 mL/h for 3 hours(loading dose of 0.4 mg/kg) followed by 0.3 mL/h (0.067 mg/kg/h)
Oral:
Shake well before drawing up the dose. Give via intragastric tube, preferably with feed to minimise risk of gastrointestinal irritation. If baby is not on enteral feeds or breast milk is not available, give dose via intragastric tube and flush with 0.5 mL water for injection.
|
Monitoring
|
Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygenation.
Renal and hepatic function.
Consider monitoring with echocardiogram.
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Tarbiya-pedagogi, ya’ni bola tarbiyasining fani demakdir”. Ushbu so’zlar qaysi alloma tomonidan aytilgan

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Tarbiya-pedagogi, ya’ni bola tarbiyasining fani demakdir”. Ushbu so’zlar qaysi alloma tomonidan aytilgan
|
bet | 228/372 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,97 Mb. | | #120479 |
Bog'liq Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami (1)Tarbiya-pedagogi, ya’ni bola tarbiyasining fani demakdir”. Ushbu so’zlar qaysi alloma tomonidan aytilgan
|
Abdulla Avloniy
|
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Arastuning fikricha qaysi 3 xil tarbiya eng muhim hisoblanadi?
| |
Jismoniy, axloqiy, aqliy tarbiya
| |
Quyidagi satrlardan o’qituvchi shaxsiga qo’yiladigan muhim talabni aniqlang
|
Bolalarni sevishi, ularning hayoti bilan qiziqishi
|
Psixologiyaning dolzarb masalalari
Test topshirig’i
|
To’g’ri javob
|
Psixologiya fani qachondan boshlab fan sifatida shakllana boshlagan?
|
XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlarida
|
Psixologiya fani nimani o’rganadi?
|
Shaxsning ruhiy rivojlanishini, psixik omillarini, qonuniyatlarini va mexanizmlarini
|
Psixologiya fani tarixida birinchi bo’lib “Jon haqida”gi asarni kim yozgan?
|
Aristotel
|
Shaxsni faollikka undovchi omil nima?
|
Ehtiyoj
|
Psixik taraqqiyot qonunlarini ontogenez rivojlanishi jarayonining har bir bosqichlarida kishilarga xos bo’ladigan psixologik xususiyatlarni o’rganadigan psixologiya fanining sohasi qanday ataladi?
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Yosh davrlari psixologiyasi
|
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Ijtimoiy tаrmoqlаr - О‘zbеkistоn rеsрublikаsi оliy vа о‘rtа mахsus tа’lim

296
bu Google Mарs (mарs.google.сom). Google Mарs-dаn foydаlаnib siz hаritаdа
kerаkli joyni toрishingiz, tegishli fotosurаtlаrni ko‘rishingiz, qisqа mа’lumotlаrni
o‘qishingiz mumkin. Tаnlаngаn joy uсhun Google Mарs mа’lumotlаri Google Mарs
xizmаtidа er sаthining disрleyi hаritа yoki y erning sun’iy yo‘ldosh fotosurаtlаri
ko‘rinishidа tаqdim etilishi mumkin. Ko‘rinishni kаttаlаshtirish yoki kiсhiklаshtirish
mumkin.
Shuningdek, ko‘рlаb joylаrdа hududni 3D formаtidа ko‘rish mumkin.
Bundаn tаshqаri, siz hаritаdа joylаshgаn joy yаqinidа joylаshgаn muzeylаr,
ko‘rgаzmаlаr, o‘quv yurtlаri, kаsаlxonаlаr, mehmonxonаlаr vа boshqаlаrni
toрishingiz mumkin vа hаritаdа рiyodаlаr hаrаkаti vа trаnsрortning
hаr xil turlаri
uсhun bа’zi ob’yektlаr o‘rtаsidа mаrshrutlаr tuzishingiz mumkin. Toрilgаn mаrshrut
sizning Google hisobingizdа sаqlаnishi, сhoр etilishi yoki smаrtfoningizgа
yuborilishi mumkin. Google yer yuzi tаsvirlаrini ko‘rish uсhun yаnа bir xizmаtni
tаklif qilаdi-
Google Планета Земля. Google er sаyyorаsi-bu mustаqil dаstur
bo‘lib, uni eаrth.google.сom sаytidаn beрul yuklаb olishingiz vа mаhаlliy
komрyuteringizdа dunyoning 3D modelidаn foydаlаnishingiz mumkin. Boshqа bir
geoservis - bu Vikimарiа (wikimарiа.org), wiki texnologiyаlаri vа Google elektron
hаritаlаrining imkoniyаtlаrini birlаshtirgаn loyihа. Ushbu
loyihа elektron hаritаdа
yozilgаn ob’yektlаrning onlаyn kаtаlogini yаrаtishni nаzаrdа tutаdi, undа hаr
qаndаy foydаlаnuvсhi o‘z yordаm mаqolаlаrini qo‘shishi vа mаvjudlаrini tаhrirlаshi
mumkin. Xulosа qilib аytish mumkinki, bugungi kundа dunyoni Internetsiz tаsаvvur
etib bo‘lmаydi.
SoundBlaster nima? - Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami

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Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami
|
bet | 233/372 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,97 Mb. | | #120479 |
Bog'liq Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami (1)SoundBlaster nima?
| |
axborot saqlagichlarga yozilgan raqamli audioaxborotni tovushga aylantiruvchi qurilma
| |
Multimediya nima?
|
Matn, tovushli ma’lumotlarni, tabiiy va grafik tasvirlarni birlashtiruvchi axborot texnologiyasi
|
Registr nima?
|
Ma’lumotlarni ikkilik shaklidagi vaqtinchalik saqlab turish uchun mo’ljallangan qurilma.
|
Klaviaturadagi klavishalar bajaradigan ishiga qarab qaysi guruhlarga bo’linadi?
|
Harflar kiritiladigan, sonlar kiritiladigan, funksional, boshqaruvga oid, maxsus belgilar kiritiladigan klavishalar
|
NumLock klavishasi qanday ishni bajaradi?
|
Raqamli tugmachalar yoki kursorni boshqaruvchi tugmachalarning rejimlarini o’rnatadi yoki olib tashlaydi
|
Enter klavishasi qanday ishni bajaradi?
|
Ixtiyoriy buyruqni kiritish uchun ishlatiladi
|
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Caps Lock klavishasi qanday ishni bajaradi?
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Yuqori registrni doimiy belgilash uchun ishlatiladi
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Экологические сказки - Buxoro davlat universitetining pedagogika instituti pedagogik ta

596
рекламу и играют в нее. Опыт показывает, что, предложив детям создать
свою рекламу, они с восторгом включаются в эту игру. Чтобы составить
рекламу ребенок должен как можно больше узнать об объекте и выделить
наиболее характерные, на его взгляд, особенности. Например: Ребенок
выбирает любое животное или растение и от его имени рекламирует место
обитания: «Я дятел, живу в лесу. У меня красивый клюв, с его помощью я
лечу деревья, уничтожаю вредных насекомых. Без меня лес пропадет».
Pedagogikaning dolzarb masalalari

Pedagogikaning dolzarb masalalari
Test topshirig’i
|
To’g’ri javob
|
Pedagogika fanining maqsad va vazifalari?
|
Yosh avlodni erkin fikrlovchi, jahon andozasiga mos qilib tarbiyalash
|
Ta’lim to’g’risidagi Qonun nechta bo’lim va moddadan iborat?
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5-ta, 34-ta
|
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Didaktika nimani o’rganadi?
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Ta’limning umumiy konuniyatlarini
| |
Pedagogika tarixida kim birinchi bo’lib sinf-dars tizimini ishlab chiqqan
|
Yan Amos Komenskiy
|
Pedagogokaning asosiy tushunchalari
|
Bilim, ko’nikma, malaka, ta’lim, tarbiya, ma’lumot
|
Xalq pedagogikasining yo’nalishlari nechta?
|
10-ta
|
Aqliy xujum usulini qo’llaganda, o’quvchilarga qanday imkoniyat beriladi?
|
Keng doirada fikirlashga
|
Qaysi dars tipida barcha dars tiplari ishtirok etadi?
|
Aralash
|
Maktabning istiqbol ish rejasi necha yilga muljallab tuziladi?
|
5 yilga
|
Uzluksiz ta’lim turlarining qaysilari DTSlarini bajarishga majbur?
|
Umumiy o’rta ta’lim, o’rta maxsus kasb-xunar ta’limi, oliy ta’lim
|
Pedagogik diagnostika faoliyatlari nimalar kiradi?
|
Taqqoslash, pedagogik tahlil, iragnoz, izohlash, natijalarni oshkora etish
|
“Metod” – bu....
|
Metod – bu yunoncha “yo’l, yo’riq”, usul orqali maqsadga erishishdir;
|
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Ta’lim mazmuniga nimalar kiradi?
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O’quv rejasi, dastur, darslik
| |
Quyidagi satrlardan ta’limni isloh qilish omillaridan birini aniqlang
|
Davlat ijtimoiy siyosatida shaxs manfaati va ta’lim ustuvorligi qaror topganligi
|
Ta’lim mazmunini takomillashtirish deganda nimani tushunasiz?
|
Ta’lim va tarbiyaga yangicha yondashish, yangi uslub, shakl, vositalardan unumli foydalanish
|
O’qitish bu - ...
|
Ta’lim oluvchining bilish faoliyatini boshqarishga qaratilgan o’qituvchining faoliyati
|
Pedagogika fani konsepsiyasi qaysi xujjatga asoslangan holda yaratilgan?
|
“Ta’lim to’g’risida”gi Qonun va “Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturida” ko’rsatib o’tilgan barkamol shaxsni shakllantirish yo’nalishlari, qonuniyatlari va tamoyillariga asosan
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Drug interactions - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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Drug interactions
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Erythromycin: Concurrent use increases the risk of cardiotoxicity (prolonged QT interval, torsades des pointes); therefore avoid combination.
Barbiturates, caffeine, benzodiazepines and phenytoin: Serum concentrations increased by fluconazole, consider dose reduction and therapeutic drug monitoring where available.
Hydrochlorothiazide: Increases fluconazole serum concentration, consider dose reduction of fluconazole.
Zidovudine: Concentrations are increased by fluconazole; monitor for adverse reactions (anaemia, neutropenia) and extend dose interval.
Cisapride: May precipitate arrhythmias, therefore contraindicated.
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Pharmacokinetics - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

Flecainide is cleared via hepatic biotransformation and renal excretion. Infants < 1 year of age had a mean t½ of 11–12 hour; children aged 1 to 12 years had a t½ of 8 hours. Dosing schedules based on mg/m2 correlated better with plasma flecainide concentrations than did dosing based on mg/kg.[8, 9] Oral bioavailability in adults reported to be 78–100%.
References
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1. Perry JC, Garson A, Jr. Flecainide acetate for treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children: review of world literature on efficacy, safety, and dosing. Am Heart J. 1992;124:1614-21.
2. Ferlini M, Colli AM, Bonanomi C, Salvini L, Galli MA, Salice P, Ravaglia R, Centola M, Danzi GB. Flecainide as first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia in newborns. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009;10:372-5.
3. Fish FA, Gillette PC, Benson DW, Jr. Proarrhythmia, cardiac arrest and death in young patients receiving encainide and flecainide. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Group. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1991;18:356-65.
4. Moffett BS, Valdes SO, Lupo PJ, delaUz C, Miyake C, Krenek M, Kim JJ. Flecainide use in children with cardiomyopathy or structural heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36:146-50.
5. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH, Arensberg D, Baker A, Friedman L, Greene HL, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:781-8.
6. Brugada J, Blom N, Sarquella-Brugada G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Deanfield J, Janousek J, Abrams D, Bauersfeld U, Brugada R, Drago F, de Groot N, Happonen JM, Hebe J, Yen Ho S, Marijon E, Paul T, Pfammatter JP, Rosenthal E, European Heart Rhythm A, Association for European P, Congenital C. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement. Europace. 2013;15:1337-82.
7. Moffett BS, Salvin JW, Kim JJ. Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society 2014 Consensus Statement: Pharmacotherapies in Cardiac Critical Care Antiarrhythmics. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17:S49-58.
8. Perry JC, McQuinn RL, Smith RT, Jr., Gothing C, Fredell P, Garson A, Jr. Flecainide acetate for resistant arrhythmias in the young: efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1989;14:185-91; discussion 92-3.
9. Till JA, Shinebourne EA, Rowland E, Ward DE, Bhamra R, Haga P, Johnston A, Holt DW. Paediatric use of flecainide in supraventricular tachycardia: clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Br Heart J. 1989;62:133-9.
10. Australian Medicines Handbook. Accessed online on 7 February 2017.
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Drug interactions - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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Drug interactions
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Use of any of the drugs prolonging QT interval (cisapride, amiodarone, clarithromycin, chloral hydrate, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, octreotide, sodium phosphate, vasopressin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, hydrochlorothiazide, azithromycin, propranolol, digoxin, verapamil) with flecainide can lead to significant increase in QT interval.
|
Adverse reactions
|
Adults:
Common
Cardiovascular: Palpitations (6.1%); Gastrointestinal: Nausea (up to 10%); Neurological: Dizziness (18.9% to 30%), Headache (4.5% to 9.6%); Ophthalmological: Blurred vision (10% to 38%), Photopsia (up to 30%); Respiratory: Dyspnoea (up to 10.3%); Other: Fatigue (7.7%).
Serious
Cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, disorder of pacing function, electrocardiogram abnormalities, heart block, heart failure (new onset or worsening [up to 25.7%]), prolonged QT interval, sinus node dysfunction (1% to less than 3% ), syncope (1% to less than 3% ), torsades de pointes, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia.
Children:
Dizziness, blurred vision and headache have been reported in children.
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Compatibility
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5% glucose
|
Incompatibility
|
Incompatible with alkaline and chloride-containing solutions.
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Stability
|
Diluted solution stable for 24 hours at 25oC.
Oral suspension compounded by Pharmacy stable for up to 60 days.
|
Storage
|
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Excipients
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Silicified microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, maize starch, magnesium stearate.
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Special comments - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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Special comments
|
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Evidence
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Efficacy and safety:
A review of published cases and subsequent reports found flecainide appeared to be safe (no deaths with usual oral dosing; < 1% incidence of serious proarrhythmia) and effective (73–100 % control, depending on mechanism) in children with supraventricular tachycardia. [1-4] (LOE IV GOR B) However, concerns regarding safety exist in patients with structural heart disease and cardiomyopathy. The Cardiac Arrhythmia and Suppression Trial (adults with AMI) demonstrated increased mortality in patients who received flecainide.[3-5] A report of young patients (4 days to 26 years) administered flecainide for treatment of SVT (n = 369) or VT (n = 103) found efficacy 71.4%, proarrhythmic response 7.4%, cardiac arrest 2.3% and died during treatment 2.1%. Cardiac arrest and deaths occurred predominantly among patients with underlying heart disease, particularly among patients receiving flecainide for supraventricular tachycardia (8.3%).[3] A report in children (n = 229) with congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy, incidence of cardiac arrest in patients receiving flecainide was 3.0% with a mortality of 4.3%, with no difference in cardiac arrest or mortality rate when compared to patients who received other antiarrhythmics.[4]
Guidelines: For SVT, flecainide is effective as a first-line agent in infants, but typically used as a second-line agent because of its arrhythmogenic potential. It has been used in infants with re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia including Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome, focal atrial tachycardia and permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (case reports). Has the potential for proarrhythmia in patients with congenital heart disease. Caution is advised when used in patients with congenital heart disease or conduction system disease. Milk feeds may decrease absorption. Concentration monitoring may assist in guiding therapy. Contraindicated if creatinine clearance <50 mL/min or reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.[6] (LOE IV GOR B)
50> |
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Dosage / Interval - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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Dosage / Interval
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IV or PO*: 1 to 2 mg/kg/dose. Dose interval as follows:
Corrected gestational age/Postmenstrual age
|
Interval
|
Preterm infant ≤ 33 weeks
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Every 24 hours
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Preterm infant > 33 weeks
|
12–24 hours
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Term infant 0–30 days
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Every 12 hours
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Term infant > 30 days
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8–12 hours
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*PO: Dose may be increased up to maximum 6 mg/kg/dose in term infants with heart failure.
IV Infusion: 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg/hour increased to maximum 0.4 mg/kg/hour if urine output < 1 mL/kg/hour.
Diuresis renography: 1 mg/kg stat.
|
Maximum dose
|
IV: 2 mg/kg/dose
IV infusion: 0.4 mg/kg/hour
Oral: 6 mg/kg/dose
|
Route
|
IV or oral
|
Preparation/Dilution
|
IV bolus: Give undiluted. If dilution required draw up 0.5mL (5 mg of furosemide) and add 9.5mL sodium chloride 0.9% to make a final volume of 10 mL with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.
IV infusion:
Single-strength infusion: Draw up 0.5 mL/kg (5 mg/kg of furosemide) and make up to 10 mL with sodium chloride 0.9% or glucose 5% or glucose 10% or glucose 20% to make a 0.5 mg/kg/mL solution. Infusing at a rate of 0.1 mL/hour = 0.05 mg/kg/hour.
Double-strength infusion: Draw up 1 mL/kg (10 mg/kg of furosemide) and make up to 10 mL with sodium chloride 0.9% or glucose 5% or glucose 10% or glucose 20% to make a 1 mg/kg/mL solution. Infusing at a rate of 0.1 mL/hour = 0.1 mg/kg/hour.
Oral: Use as supplied undiluted.
|
Administration
|
IV bolus over 2–4 minutes: maximum rate not to exceed 0.5 mg/kg/minute or 4 mg/minute. For diuresis renography – dose should be given as a push.1
IV infusion: Via syringe pump
Oral: Solution may be administered without regard to feeds.
|
Monitoring
|
Urine output, weight, serum sodium and potassium. Screening for nephrocalcinosis may be required for preterm infants on prolonged therapy.
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Total cumulative dose - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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bet | 216/654 | Sana | 03.01.2022 | Hajmi | 1,5 Mb. | | #14803 |
Total cumulative dose
|
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Route
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IV, Oral
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Preparation
|
IV: Administer 2 mg/mL injection −no dilution necessary.
Oral: Powder normally reconstituted by Pharmacy. If supplied as dry powder, reconstitute using water for injection with the volume specified on the bottle.
|
Administration
|
IV: Infusion over 30 minutes.
Oral: Can be given with feeds. Shake reconstituted bottle well before drawing up dose.
|
Monitoring
|
Serum creatinine prior to starting therapy.
Liver function, renal function and full blood count.
|
Contraindications
|
Cardiac rhythm problems as fluconazole may increase QT interval.
Hypersensitivity to fluconazole or other constituents.
Concurrent therapy with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval and those drugs which are metabolised via the enzyme CYP3A4 e.g., cisapride, erythromycin.
|
Precautions
|
Consider extending dose interval to 48 hourly if creatinine > 115 micromol/L.
Use with caution in hepatic impairment.
May precipitate or worsen hyperbilirubinaemia, use with caution.
May increase QT interval.
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Fluconazole - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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bet | 215/654 | Sana | 03.01.2022 | Hajmi | 1,5 Mb. | | #14803 |
Fluconazole
Revision Date : 13-1-2021
|
Approved : TC, KOH
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Alert
|
The Antimicrobial Stewardship Team recommends this drug as: Restricted.
|
Indication
|
Treatment of systemic infection and meningitis caused by susceptible Candida species.
Prophylaxis from Candida infection.
|
Action
|
Triazole antifungal which selectively inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha demethylation.
|
Drug type
|
Antifungal.
|
Trade name
|
IV: Aspen Fluconazole, Diflucan, Fluconazole Alphapharm, Fluconazole Claris, Fluconazole Hexal, Fluconazole Sandoz, Fluconazole Solution (Baxter). ORAL: Diflucan
|
Presentation
|
IV: 2 mg/mL injection
ORAL: 50 mg/ 5 mL powder for reconstitution
|
Dose
|
TREATMENT
Loading dose: 25 mg/kg
Maintenance dose: 12 mg/kg DAILY to start 24 hours after loading dose.
The regimen without a loading dose may take up to 5 days to reach steady state. Steady state can be reached in 2 days if a loading dose is used.
PROPHYLAXIS*
6 mg/kg TWICE per week
*Fluconazole prophylaxis may be considered in high risk infants following completion of treatment for Candida sepsis but still carrying risk of recurrence – e.g., presence of indwelling catheters and ongoing skin thrush.
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Dose adjustment
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No information.
|
Maximum dose
|
|
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ФОРМЫ И МЕТОДЫ РАБОТЫ С ДЕТЬМИ В ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ

593
способности растворять сладкие и горькие вещества. Семена высаживаются в
горшки и проращиваются.
Дети средней группы способны принять участие в проектах:
«Маленькие огородники»- организуются эксперименты с огородными
растениями.
«Птицы наши друзья»- дети наблюдают за птицами, развешивают кормушки,
скворечники.
С ребятами, посещающими старшую
группу можно организовывать
больше. Так, проект «Мастерская природы» позволяет узнать, как ветки,
спилы, семена, листья растений можно использовать для декорирования
бытовых предметов.
В проекте «Растение – доктор» дети учатся распознавать лекарственные
растения и узнают об их целебных качествах.
Проект «Метеобюро по народным приметам»
позволяет изучить
погодные явления и научиться их предсказывать по подсказкам природы.
Наиболее масштабный проект, который можно предложить для
реализации в старшей группе – создание Малой природной академии.
А так же можно провести интересные проекты: «Кто живет в лесу»,
«Заповедник», «Воздух должен быть чистым», «Сосульки», «Что мы знаем
о воде», «Голубая капелька», «Кто дружит с елью».
Следует заметить, что основа успеха
претворения всех проектов и
действительность – хорошая подготовка педагогического состава детского
сада, взаимодействие всех специалистов.
Немалое значение в воспитании детей имеет пример взрослых,
родителей, воспитателей. Зачастую, вырастая,
дети ведут себя и поступают
так же, как когда-то вели себя и поступали их родители. Если родители будут
заниматься вопросами экологического воспитания, то и у детей будет
воспитываться интерес, любовь к природе и бережное отношение к ней.
594
Поэтому экологическое воспитание детей должно проходить в тесном
взаимодействии с семьёй ребёнка.
Формы работы педагогов в экологических проектах:
экологические минутки;
экскурсии;
экологические сказки;
практическая деятельность в природе;
природоохранные акции;
реклама;
эксперименты и опыты;
развивающие дидактические игры.
выставки
Для
организации
интересной
мыслительной
деятельности
помогают нетрадиционные занятия: занятие-путешествие, занятие-сказка,
викторина, игра, и т.д.
На таких занятиях широко используются:
блиц опрос (предварительно
повторяется материал, необходимый для
изучения новой темы);
проблемные ситуации или проведение опытов (позволяющих «открыть новое
знание») ;
практическая работа и поисковая деятельность;
игровые приемы.
Komрyuter grаfikаsi - О‘zbеkistоn rеsрublikаsi оliy vа о‘rtа mахsus tа’lim

404
Qаytа ishlаnаdigаn аxborotlаr vа аxborot texnologiyаlаri turlаrining o‘zаro
аloqаsi
Mаzkur yo‘nаlish yаngi grаfik stаnsiyаlаr hаmdа ixtisoslаshgаn jаdаl
rivojlаnmoqdа. Ixtisoslаshgаn dаsturiy vositаlаr sifаt jihаtidаn videofilm kаdrlаri
bilаn tenglаshаdigаn hаrаkаtlаnuvсhi tаsvirlаr yаrаtish imkonini berаdi. Komрyuter
bilаn mаtnli, grаfik, аudio vа video аxborot аlmаshuvini dаsturiy-texnik tаshkil etish
multimediа-texnologiyа deb nom olgаn. Bundаy texnologiyаni multimediа
yordаmidа egа bo‘lgаn vа kаsb fаoliyаtidа, o‘quv, tа’lim, ilmiy ommаboр, uyin
sohаlаridа foydаlаnish imkonini beruvсhi mаxsus dаsturiy vositаlаr аmаlgа oshirаdi.
Mаzkur texnologiyаni iqtisodiy fаoliyаtdа qo‘llаsh dаvomidа komрyuterdаn
tаsvirgа ovoz berish, shuningdek, ulаr orqаli inson nutqini tushunish, komрyuter
orqаli mutаxаssisning onа tilidа suhbаt yuritish borаsidаgi imkoniyаtlаrgа qo‘l
oсhilаdi.
Bundаn tаshqаri fаyl oсhish, аxborotni yozib сhiqаrishgа yuborish vа boshqа
oрerаtsiyаlаr orqаli yаqin kelаjаkdа komрyuterning аyrim, unсhа murаkkаb
bo‘lmаgаn buyruqdаrini ovoz orqаli qаbul qilish qobiliyаtini yаrаtish borаsidа hаm
mа’lum bir yutuqlаrgа erishish mumkin.
Shift - tugmachasi qanday vazifada ishlatiladi?

|
Shift - tugmachasi qanday vazifada ishlatiladi?
|
bet | 226/372 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,97 Mb. | | #120479 |
Bog'liq Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami (1)Shift - tugmachasi qanday vazifada ishlatiladi?
|
Yuqori registr yoki katta harflarda yozish uchun ishlatiladi
|
Backspace - tugmachasi qanday vazifada ishlatiladi?
|
Kursordan chap tomondagi belgini o’chirish uchun ishlatiladi
|
Monitor bu ... ... ... ... ... qurilmasi
|
Ekranga matnli va grafikli ma’lumotlarni chiqarish
|
Skaner qurilmasining vazifasi nima?
|
Qog’ozdagi matnli va grafikli ma’lumotlarni kompyuterga rasm shaklida kiritish uchun mo’ljallangan qurilma
|
| |
Printer bu ... ... ... ... ... qurilmasi
| |
Qog’ozga matnli va grafikli ma’lumotlarni chiqarish
| |
Printerlarning turlari to’g’ri berilgan qatorni toping
|
Ignali(matrisali), Siyohli(oqimli yoki purkagichli), Lazerli
|
MS WORD hujjatlarini xotirada saqlash usuli to’g’ri ko’rsatilgan qatorni toping
|
Fayl-Soxranit (Soxranit kak...)
|
MS EXCEL qanday dastur?
|
Elektron jadvallar hosil qilish va ularni qayta ishlash uchun mo’ljallangan dastur
|
|
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«Metod» so’zining ma’nosi nimani anglatadi?

|
«Metod» so’zining ma’nosi nimani anglatadi?
|
bet | 258/372 | Sana | 16.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,97 Mb. | | #120479 |
Bog'liq Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami (1)«Metod» so’zining ma’nosi nimani anglatadi?
| |
yunoncha so’z bo’lib, «yo’l» ma’nosini anglatadi.
| |
Ta’lim metodi nima?
|
ta’lim jarayonida o’qituvchi va o’quvchilar-ning aniq maqsadga erishishiga qaratilgan birgalikdagi faoliyatlari usullari.
|
«Aqliy hujum» metodining mohiyati nimadan iborat?
|
Mavzu bo’yicha g’oyalar tanlash va g’oya yuzasidan o’quvchilarn-ing fikrini aniqlash.
|
Materialni og’zaki bayon qilish metodining turlaridan biri to’g’ri bayon qilingan javobni toping.
|
hikoya qilish
|
Kitob bilan ishlash metodi to’g’ri bayon qilingan javobni toping.
|
O’qish, yod olish referat yozish, tezda ko’rib chiqish, tsitata ko’chirish, bayon qilish va boshqalar.
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Ta’lim metodlaridan biri to’g’ri bayon qilingan javobni toping.
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videometod
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Diqqatni faollashtirish, bayon qilish, taqqoslash, asosiylarini ajratish, yakunlash kabi usullardan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Hikoyada
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Special Comments - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual

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Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
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bet | 546/654 | Sana | 03.01.2022 | Hajmi | 1,5 Mb. | | #14803 |
Special Comments
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Cross-check the correct strength of salbutamol intravenous and inhalation ampoules.
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Evidence summary
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Efficacy and safety
Treatment of hyperkalaemia: A systematic review identified one study (Singh et al., 2002) of 19 infants which compared inhaled salbutamol [albuterol] versus placebo for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia (serum K+ 5–7.5 mmol/L) in premature newborns.1 Inhaled salbutamol 400 microgram, repeated 2-hourly as required, reduced serum K+ from baseline at 4 hours (mean difference 0.69 mmol/L) and 8 hours (mean difference 0.59 mmol/L).1 All-cause mortality was not reduced and cardiac arrhythmia did not occur in either study group.
There was no significant difference in severe IVH, tremor, hyperglycaemia or pulmonary haemorrhage.1
A number of case reports and case series have been published documenting the efficacy of salbutamol by infusion for treatment of hyperkalaemia in the newborn. Greenhough et al reported the use of IV salbutamol 4 microgram/kg over 20 minutes in 10 consecutive neonates with hyperkalaemia.2 The potassium fell in 7 of the 10 infants (range 0.7–1.8 mmol/L) but continued to rise in 3 infants, all of whom had a persistent metabolic acidosis.2
Murdoch et al reported on the use of IV salbutamol 4 microgram/kg over 20 minutes in 13 children (ages 0.01–16.7 years) with hyperkalaemia.3 The mean reduction in plasma potassium concentration was 1.48 mmol/L at 40 minutes and 1.64 mmol/L at 120 minutes.3
Kemper et al reported on the use of IV salbutamol at 5 microgram/kg over 20 minutes in 15 children (ages 0.1–16 years) with hyperkalaemia.4 The mean reduction in plasma potassium concentration was 0.87 mmol/L at 30 minutes and 1.69 mmol/L at 120 minutes. Transient tachycardia was detected in three patients.4
Recommendation: Salbutamol (either inhaled or intravenously administered) may be used in the treatment of hyperkalaemia in the neonate. Salbutamol may be useful in settings where hypoglycaemia limits the use of insulin. Salbutamol may have additive effects when used with insulin and glucose. Salbutamol appears to be generally safe with limited risk of tachycardia. (LOE II – II GOR B).
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Sotsial fobiya (sotsiofobiya)

— 304 —
Zarifboy IBODULLAYEV /// TIBBIYOT PSIXOLOGIYASI
bo‘lib, ularni boshqara oladi, bi roq boshqalar uchun arzimagan ko‘ringan
vaziyatlar va narsalardan qo‘rqadi.
Spеtsifik fobiyadan aziyat chеksa-da, insoniyat tarixida buyuk ishlari
bilan iz qoldirgan mashhurlar haqida to‘xtalib o‘tsak. Mikki Maus mult-
filmini dunyoga taqdim etgan Uolt Disnеy sichqondan juda qo‘rqqan.
Qo‘rqinchli filmlar qiroli dеb nom chiqargan mashhur yozuvchi Stivеn
King qorong‘ilik dan juda qo‘rqqan va har doim chiroqni yoqib uxla gan.
Eng qizig‘i, bir nеchta yurtni zabt etgan Napolеon Bonapart, Gitlеr va Yuliy
Sеzar mushukdan qo‘rqishgan. Eyfеl minorasini yaratgan Gustav Eyfеlning
o‘zi balandlikdan qattiq xavotirga tushib qolardi. Nikola Tеsla mikrobdan,
Iosif Stalin esa samolyotda uchish dan qo‘rqqan.
o’quvchi fikrini faollashtirish, dalillash, isbotlash, tasniflash, ta’rif berish, tizimga keltirish, umumlashtirish kabi pedagogik usullardan qaerda foydalaniladi?

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o’quvchi fikrini faollashtirish, dalillash, isbotlash, tasniflash, ta’rif berish, tizimga keltirish, umumlashtirish kabi pedagogik usullardan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Bog'liq Barcha fanlardan Testlar to‘plami (1)o’quvchi fikrini faollashtirish, dalillash, isbotlash, tasniflash, ta’rif berish, tizimga keltirish, umumlashtirish kabi pedagogik usullardan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Ma’ruzada
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Videometodi to’g’ri bayon qilingan javobni toping.
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Ko’rish, ta’lim olish, «Elektron o’qituvchi» , nazorati ostida mashqlar Nazorat
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ko’rsatish, yaxshi ko’rinishni ta’minlash, o’tkazilgan ko’rsatuv, namoyish va hokazo natijalarini muhokama qilish usullaridan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Ko’rgazmada
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Pedagogika texnologiya turidan biri - rivojlantiruvchi ta’limning maqsadi to’g’ri yozilgan qatorni toping.
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Shaxs va uning
qobiliyatla-rini rivoj - lantirish
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Savollarni qo’yish (asosiy, qo’shimcha, yo’llovchi va h.k.), o’quvchilarning javob va mulohazalarini muhokama qilish, suhbatdan xulosalarni shakllantirish, javoblarni tuzatish usullaridan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Suhbatda
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Pedagogika texnologiya turidan biri - muammoli ta’limning maqsadi to’g’ri yozilgan qatorni toping.
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O’quvchilarning bilish faolligi hamda ijodiy mustaqilli-gini oshirish
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vazifa (maqsadni) qo’yish, uni bajarish uslubini rejalashtirish, bajarish jarayonini boshqarish, tahlil qilish, kamchiliklar sababini aniqlash, maqsadga to’liq erishish uchun ta’lim jarayoniga tuzatishlar kiritish.
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Amaliy metodlarda
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
o’quvchi fikrini faollashtirish, dalillash, isbotlash, tasniflash, ta’rif berish, tizimga keltirish, umumlashtirish kabi pedagogik usullardan qaerda foydalaniladi?
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Sut yo‘nalishidagi chorvachilikda mahsulotlar tannarxini hisoblash

yordamida aniqlanadi:
V
q
=Vo+Vch-Vk-Vb
Bunda: V
q
- qo‘shilgan (semirgan) vazn;
Vo - yil oxiriga qolgan vazn;
Vch – yil davomida xo‘jalikdan chiqarilgan hayvonlar vazni (nobud bo‘lgan
hayvonlarning yil boshiga bo‘lgan tirik vaznini ham qo‘shgan holda);
Vk – yil davomida xo‘jalikka kirim qilingan hayvonlar vazni;
Vb – yil boshiga bo‘lgan vazni.
O‘stirilayotgan va boquvdagi chorva mollari bo‘yicha qo‘shilgan vazn tannarxini
hisoblashdan tashqari bir sentner tirik massasining ham tannarxi hisoblanadi.
Tirik vazn tannarxini hisoblash shuning uchun ham zarurki, o‘stirilayotgan va boquvdagi
chorva mollarining har bir turi bo‘yicha 1100-«O‘stirishdagi va boquvdagi hayvonlarni hisobga
oluvchi schotlar» (1110-1120) bo‘yicha hisob yuritishda har xil baholar qo‘llaniladi. Masalan,
olingan buzoq, uning olingan bosh sonidan qat'iy nazar sut yo‘nalashidagi asosiy podaga qilingan
xarajatning 10 foizi bo‘yicha tannarxi aniqlanadi. Buzoqning qo‘shilgan vazni rejadagi qo‘shilgan
vazn tannarxi bo‘yicha baholanadi. Sotib olingan buzoqlar esa haqiqatda sotib olingan baholarda
kirim qilinadi. Boquvga qabul qilingan katta yoshli mol va o‘tgan yilgi yosh mollar yil boshidagi
bir sentner tirik vazni o‘tgan yillardagi o‘rtacha tannarxi bo‘yicha hisobga olinadi.
Go‘sht yo‘nalishidagi chorvachilikda tannarx hisoblash obektlari quyidagilar: asosiy poda
bo‘yicha – olingan asl, qo‘shilgan tirik vazn va sut, o‘stirishdagi va boquvdagi chorva mollari
bo‘yicha esa qo‘shilgan tirik vazn va katta yoshdagi chorva mollari guruhi bo‘yicha qo‘shilgan
vatirik vazn. Go‘sht yo‘nalishidagi chorva mollaridan olingan sut qo‘shimcha mahsulot bo‘lib
hisoblaniladi va asosiy mahsulot tannarxini hisoblashda uning qiymati (davlat xarid narxlari yoki
sotish bahosida baholanib) umumiy xarajatlardan chegirib tashlanadi.
Treatment of respiratory disease

Singh B, Sadiq H, Noguchi A and Keenan W. (2002). Efficacy of albuterol inhalation in treatment
of hyperkalemia in premature neonates. The Journal of Pediatrics, 141(1), pp.16-20.
2. Greenough A, Emery E, Brooker R and Gamsu H (1992). Salbutamol infusion to treat neonatal
hyperkalaemia. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 20(6), pp.437-441.
3. Murdoch I, Dos Anjos R and Haycock G. (1991). Treatment of hyperkalaemia with intravenous
salbutamol. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 66(4), pp.527-528.
4. Kemper M, Harps E, Hellwege H and Müller-Wiefel D. (1996). Effective treatment of acute
hyperkalaemia in childhood by short-term infusion of salbutamol. European Journal of
Pediatrics, 155(6), pp.495-497.
5. Moresco L, Bruschettini M, Cohen A, Gaiero A, Calevo MG. Salbutamol for transient tachypnea
of the newborn. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016.
6. Ng G, da Silva O, Ohlsson A. Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung
disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016.
7. Kirpalani H, Doren G, Schmidt B, Tan Y, Santos R, Soldin S. (1990). Respiratory response and
pharmacokinetics of intravenous salbutamol in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Critical Care Medicine, 18(12), pp. 1374-1377.
8. Mandelberg A, Krupnik Z, Houri S, Smetana S, Gilad E, Matas Z, Priel IE. Salbutamol metered-
dose inhaler with spacer for hyperkalemia: how fast? How safe?. CHEST Journal. 1999 Mar
1;115(3):617-22
9. Yaseen H, Khalaf M, Dana A, Yaseen N, Darwich M. Salbutamol versus cation-exchange resin
(kayexalate) for the treatment of nonoliguric hyperkalemia in preterm infants. American journal, f perinatology. 2008 Feb;25(03):193-7.
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F41.1 Tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar

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F41.1 Tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 213/372 | Sana | 04.02.2024 | Hajmi | 12,96 Mb. | | #151302 |
Bog'liq Z- Ibodullayev Tibbiyot psixologiyasiF41.1 Tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar
Tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar – biror bir vaziyatga bog‘liq bo‘lma-
gan o‘ta turg‘un va tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar (TXB). Dеmak, ushbu
buzilishlar na sotsiumga, na balandlik yoki qorong‘ilikka, na hasharot-
lar, na samolyotda uchishga bog‘liq. Bir so‘z bilan aytganda, bu tipdagi
xavotirlar yuzaga kеlishi uchun qandaydir bir muhit yoki obyеkt bo‘lishi
shart emas.
TXB doimiy strеss ostida yashaydigan va ishlaydigan insonlarda rivoj-
lanadi. Bunday odamlar doimo asabi tarang holatda bo‘ladi. Shu vaziyat
bilan kurashishga harakat qiladi, biroq buning uddasidan chiqa olmay,
asabi yanada taranglashadi va xulq-atvori ham o‘zgarib boradi, hatto ular
“mеning xaraktеrim jinnisifat bo‘lib boryapti”, dеb nola qilishadi. Bemor
vrach xonasida ham tinch o‘tira olmaydi, turib xonada yuravеradi, kеlib
yana o‘rniga o‘tiradi, yuragim urib kеtyapti, havo yеtishmayapti, dеb
ko‘kragini silayvеradi.
Agar diqqat bilan razm solsa, qo‘rquv va xavotir nafaqat bеmorning
yuz-ko‘zlarida, balki butun tanasiga tarqalganini ko‘ramiz. Bеmorning
og‘rimagan yoki bеzovta qilmagan joyi yo‘q, boshi, bo‘yni, ko‘krak qa-
fasi, epigastral soha, barcha muskullarda og‘riq yoki yoqimsiz sеzgilar
(dizеstеziya, parеstеziya, gipеrеstеziya, gipеrpatiya) kuzatiladi. Shu bois
ham bu kasallik nomi – tarqalgan xavotirli buzilishlar. Goh kuchayib, goh
susayib turuvchi titroq, bosh aylanishi, umumiy holsizlik va tеrlash, dis-
foriya ham doimiy simptomlardan hisoblanadi. Bemor doimo parishon-
xotir bo‘lib yuradi, xotirasi faqat o‘zi va yaqinlari bilan bog‘liq xavotirli
voqеa larga kuchli bo‘ladi.
TXB da bеmor yaqinlari uchun ko‘p bеzovta bo‘lavеradi, ularning
hayotidan asossiz xavotirga tushavеradi. Agar bolasi yoki turmush
o‘rtog‘i kasal bo‘lib qolsa, “o‘lib qolsa, nima qilaman” qabilidagi fikr
va xayollar miyasiga o‘rnashib qoladi. Agar o‘sha yaqini tuzalib kеtsa
ham, uning yana kasal bo‘lib qolishidan qo‘rqib xavotirda yashaydi.
Ularga tеlеfon qilib yoki sms yozib “yaxshi yuribsanmi” dеb so‘ray-
vеradi. Dеmak, ba’zi xavotirli-fobik sind romlardan farqli o‘laroq, TXB
da bеmor o‘zi emas, balki yaqinlari o‘lib qolishidan qo‘rqadi. Biroq
u mеn o‘lib qolsam, oilamga nima bo‘ladi, dеb ham doimiy xavotir-
da yashaydi. U oldinda kutilayotgan tadbirlarni ham hadik bilan kuti-
shadi. Masalan, bir nеcha yillardan kеyin bo‘ladigan farzandlarining
to‘yini ham o‘ylab, hadiksirashadi. Natijada ularda ikkilamchi apatiya
va dеprеssiya holatlari shakllanadi. Ayollarda ko‘p uchraydigan bu
kasallik, odatda, surunkali tus oladi va to‘lqinsimon kеchadi.
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Zarifboy IBODULLAYEV /// TIBBIYOT PSIXOLOGIYASI
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