Topshiriqni bajarish uchun misol - Yog'ochni hosil bo’lishi uchun zarur bo'lgan karbonat angidrid miqdorini aniqlash

1.1. Topshiriqni bajarish uchun misol
Misol. Normal sharoitda quyidagi parametrlarga ega daraxtni o'stirish uchun qancha hajmda o'simlik karbonat angidrid gazini o'zlashtirishi kerak: daraxt diametri D = 0,8 m, balandligi h = 15 m, yog'och zichligi ρ = 0,08 m3.
Biz barcha yog'ochni ugleroddan tayyorlangan va daraxt tanasi silindrsimon shaklga ega deb taxmin qilamiz.
Hisoblash: Daraxtning massasini (m) aniqlaymiz. Buning uchun ko’ndalang kesimi (πr2), balandligi (h) (r radius D/2=0,4m), va zichlikni (ρ) ko'paytiramiz.
Ya'ni,
yoki (1.1)
Karbonat angidriddan o'tin hosil bo'lishi reaktsiysi qo’yidagicha davom etadi:
(1.2)
Biz (1.2) tenglamadagi karbonat angidridning (CO2) massasini m1 ga, uglerodning massasini (C) m2 ga va ularning molekulyar og'irliklarini M1 va M2 ga mos ravishda teng deb qabul qilamiz.
Reaksiya beruvchi moddalar massalari va ularning molekulyar massalarining nisbatidan foydalanamiz:
(1.3)
bu erda m1 va m2 - reaktivlarning massalari; M1 va M2 ularning molekulyar og'irliklari; k1 va k2 ularning stexiometrik koeffitsientlari ((1.2) tenglama bo'yicha ular biriga teng).
Kislorodning atom massasi 16 ga, uglerod – 12 gateng (D.I.Mendeleyev jadvalidan). Shunga ko'ra, CO2 (M1) ning molekulyar og'irligi 16×2+12=44; uglerodning molekulyar massasi uning atom massasiga teng olinadi, ya'ni. M2=2. (1.3) formuladan foydalanib quyidagilarga erishamiz:
(1.4)
Ma'lumotlarni almashtirib, quyidagilarni olamiz:
Ma'lumki, normal sharoitda 1 molga teyg har qanday gaz 22,4 litr hajmni egallaydi. 1 mol karbonat angidridning massasi 0,044 kg yoki 44 g (bir molning massasi son jihatdan molekulyar og'irlikka teng bo'lgani uchun) bo'lgani uchun, 2200 kg tarkibidagi karbonat angidrid mollari sonini 22,4 litrga ko'paytirsak, biz kerakli qiymatni olamiz.
.
Javob: normal sharoitda olingan karbonat angidrid hajmi 1120m3.
1.1-jadval
Vazifani bajarish uchun variantlar
№
|
Yog'och turi
|
, g/sm3
|
I
|
II
|
III
|
IV
|
V
|
D, m
|
h, m
|
D, m
|
h, m
|
D, m
|
h, m
|
D, m
|
h, m
|
D, m
|
h, m
|
|
Oq akatsiya
|
0,45
|
1
|
19
|
0.15
|
2
|
0.6
|
19
|
0.9
|
9
|
0.75
|
12.3
|
|
Oq terak
|
0,5
|
0.9
|
17
|
0.3
|
4
|
0.81
|
2
|
0.4
|
12
|
0.16
|
14.6
|
|
Bahofen teragi
|
0,65
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.7
|
17
|
1.1
|
7
|
0.92
|
17.1
|
|
Shumtol
|
0,7
|
0.7
|
13
|
0.79
|
8
|
0.79
|
4
|
0.3
|
14
|
0.7
|
9.6
|
|
Eman
|
0,66
|
0.6
|
11
|
0.81
|
10
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.5
|
5
|
0.32
|
1.5
|
|
Bolee teragi
|
0,725
|
0.5
|
9
|
0.75
|
12
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.1
|
16
|
0.5
|
2.37
|
|
Tol
|
0,74
|
0.2
|
7
|
1.07
|
14
|
0.9
|
13
|
1.07
|
3
|
0.2
|
5.9
|
|
Pensilvaniya shumtol
|
0,7
|
0.1
|
5
|
1.5
|
16
|
0.3
|
8
|
0.2
|
18
|
0.38
|
6.78
|
|
Yashil shumtol
|
0,6
|
0.3
|
3
|
1.1
|
18
|
1
|
11
|
0.75
|
1
|
0.8
|
7.53
|
|
qayrag‘och
|
0,77
|
0.4
|
1
|
0.9
|
20
|
0.15
|
10
|
0.5
|
20
|
0.74
|
1.24
|
|
Gledichiya qarag‘ayi
|
0,46
|
1
|
19
|
0.15
|
2
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.5
|
5
|
0.32
|
1.5
|
|
Chinor
|
0,73
|
0.9
|
17
|
0.3
|
4
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.1
|
16
|
0.5
|
2.37
|
|
Yapon saforasi
|
0,78
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.9
|
13
|
1.07
|
3
|
0.2
|
5.9
|
|
Sasna
|
0,43
|
0.7
|
13
|
0.79
|
8
|
0.3
|
8
|
0.2
|
18
|
0.38
|
6.78
|
|
Buk
|
0,47
|
0.5
|
9
|
0.75
|
12
|
1.01
|
19
|
0.9
|
9
|
0.75
|
12.3
|
|
Dub
|
0,554
|
0.2
|
7
|
1.07
|
14
|
0.9
|
2
|
0.4
|
12
|
0.16
|
14.6
|
|
Yong’oq
|
0,52
|
0.1
|
5
|
1.5
|
16
|
0.3
|
17
|
1.1
|
7
|
0.92
|
17.1
|
|
Nok
|
0,67
|
0.3
|
3
|
1.1
|
18
|
1
|
4
|
0.3
|
14
|
0.7
|
9.6
|
|
Kashtan
|
0,83
|
0.4
|
1
|
0.9
|
20
|
0.15
|
15
|
1.5
|
5
|
0.32
|
1.5
|
|
Majnuntol
|
0,56
|
1
|
19
|
0.15
|
2
|
0.8
|
6
|
0.1
|
16
|
0.5
|
2.37
|
|
Catalpa
|
0,477
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.7
|
17
|
1.1
|
16
|
0.5
|
2.37
|
|
Zarnab
|
0,59
|
0.7
|
13
|
0.79
|
8
|
0.79
|
4
|
0.3
|
3
|
0.2
|
5.9
|
|
Tut
|
0,72
|
0.6
|
11
|
0.81
|
10
|
0.8
|
15
|
1.5
|
18
|
0.38
|
6.78
|
|
Qarag’ay
|
0,74
|
0.5
|
9
|
0.75
|
12
|
1.01
|
6
|
0.1
|
9
|
0.75
|
12.3
|
|
Sasna
|
0,83
|
0.2
|
7
|
1.07
|
14
|
0.9
|
13
|
1.07
|
12
|
0.16
|
14.6
|
|
Buk
|
0,56
|
0.1
|
5
|
1.5
|
16
|
0.3
|
8
|
0.2
|
7
|
0.92
|
17.1
|
|
Yong’oq
|
0,52
|
0.1
|
5
|
1.5
|
16
|
0.3
|
17
|
1.1
|
7
|
0.92
|
17.1
|
|
Nok
|
0,67
|
0.3
|
3
|
1.1
|
18
|
1
|
4
|
0.3
|
14
|
0.7
|
9.6
|
|
Kashtan
|
0,83
|
0.4
|
1
|
0.9
|
20
|
0.15
|
15
|
1.5
|
5
|
0.32
|
1.5
|
|
Majnuntol
|
0,56
|
1
|
19
|
0.15
|
2
|
0.8
|
6
|
0.1
|
16
|
0.5
|
2.37
|
|