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Uzatmalar qutisi yetakchi g‘ildiraklardagi
burovchi momentni o‘zgartirish;
Birlamchi val
Suruvchi vilka
Orqaga
harakatlantiruvchi
tishli g‘ildirak
Asosiy uzatmaga
harakatni uzatish
vali
Suruvchi richag
Almashish
richagi
Vazifasi:
✓
Dvigatelni transmissiyadan uzoq muddatga
ajratish;
✓
Avtomobilni orqaga yurishini ta’minlash;
✓
Qo‘shimcha jihozlarga quvvat uzatish.
[3]
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Yetakchi g‘ildiraklardagi
burovchi momentni o‘zgartirish
yo‘l sharoitiga tegishli
ravishda maqbul
tezlikni
va avtomobil
o‘tag‘onligini
ta’minlash hamda
dvigatelni
eng
tejamkorlikda
ishlashi uchun zarur.
[4]
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Avtomobil
joyidan qo‘zg‘alishida
tez tezlanish olish uchun va
harakatiga sezilarli
qarshilik kuchlarini yengish uchun
, dvigatelning maksimal momentiga to‘g‘ri
keladigan qiymatga qaraganda
tortish kuchi bir necha bor katta bo‘lishi kerak.
Tortish
kuchini
bunday
ko‘paytirish
uzatishlar
sonini
o‘zgartirish
bilan
ta‘minlanadi.
[6]
[5]
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Uzatmalar qutisining
uzatishlar soni
uning
yetakchi
va
yetaklanuvchi vallarini
aylanish chastotalariga
nisbati bilan aniqlanadi.
Uzatishlar sonini
o‘zgartirishning zarurligi yo‘l sharoitiga va
Porshenli dvigatelning
burovchi momenti esa
, eng yuqori yonilg‘i uzatilganda,
bor-yo‘g‘i
10-30% ga o‘zgarishi mumkin.
avtomobil harakatiga qarshilik kuchlari yengishga bog‘liq.
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UZATMALAR QUTISI
Uzatilayotgan harakatning
o‘zgarishi bo‘yicha
Boshqarish usuli
bo‘yicha
Vallar orasidagi bog‘lanish
bo‘yicha
Pog‘onali
Pog‘onasiz
Kombinatsiyalashgan
Mexanikli
Gidravlikli
Elektrli
Avtomatlashmagan
Yarim avtomat
Avtomatik
Kombinatsiyalashgan
Uzatmalar qutisining turlari.
[7]
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Yengil avtomobillarda
– 3; 4 yoki 5.
Zamonaviy avtomobillarda
pog‘onali
va
pog‘onasiz
uzatmalar qutisi qo‘llanadi.
Pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisi asosan tishli g‘ildirak mexanizmdan tashkil topgan.
Avtomobilning har xil yo‘l sharoitiga moslashib tezlik va tezlanishni ta‘minlaydi.
Shu bilan birga,
uzatish sonini
har xil qiymatga ega bo‘lgan bir nechta juft tishli
shesternyalar orqali amalga oshiriladi.
Yuk avtomobilida esa
– 4; 5; 8 va undan ko‘p.
Pog‘onali
[8]
10.2. Pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisining konstruksiyasi va uning ishlashi.
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Yetakchi
g‘ildiraklarga
Dvigateldan
Pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisining soda konstruksiyasi.
1-uzatmalar qutisining birlamchi yetaklovchi vali;
2-richak; 3-yuritma mexanizmi; 4-yetaklanuvchi val;
5-karterdagi moyni to‘kish uchun rezbali tiqin;
6-oraliq val.
[9]
Avtomobil
uzatmalar
qutisining
tishli mexanizmlari odatda silindrik
tishli g‘ildiraklardan iborat.
Ikkita
ilashib
turgan
tishli
g‘ildiraklarning kichigi
shesternya
,
kattasi
g‘ildirak
deb ataladi.
Ular qo‘zg‘almas geometrik o‘qli
yoki planetar qilib tayyorlanadi.
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Pog‘onali mexanik uzatmalar qutisining tishli g‘ildirak va
shesternyalari.
2000 ayl/min
A – 20 tishlar
B – 40 tishlar
1000 ayl/min
A-tishli shesternya (yetaklovchi);
B-tishli g‘ildirak (yetaklanuvchi).
2000 ayl/min
C – 20 tishlar
1000 ayl/min
500 ayl/min
A – 20 tishlar
G – 40 tishlar
B – 40 tishlar
C-yetaklovchi shesternya;
D-yetaklanuvchi tishli g‘ildirak.
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𝑼
𝟏
=
𝒛
𝟐
𝒛
𝟏
=
𝟒𝟎
𝟐𝟎
= 𝟐
𝒛
𝟐
𝒛
𝟏
𝒛
𝟑
𝒛
𝟒
𝑼
𝟐
=
𝒛
𝟒
𝒛
𝟑
=
𝟒𝟎
𝟐𝟎
= 𝟐
𝑼 =
𝒛
𝟐
𝒛
𝟏
∗
𝒛
𝟒
𝒛
𝟑
𝑼 =
𝟒𝟎
𝟐𝟎
∗
𝟒𝟎
𝟐𝟎
= 𝟒
Pog‘onali mexanik uzatmalar qutisining uzatishlar soni tushunchasi.
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Vehicles Construction
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Burovchi moment yo‘nalishining o‘zgarishi.
[12]
[13]
1-yetaklovchi vali; 2-yetakchi shesternya;
3-oraliq val; 4-orqaga yurish shesternyasi;
5-yetaklanuvchi val.
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1-birlamchi (yеtakchi) val, 2-birlamchi
valni doimiy ilashishda turgan shеstеrnyasi,
3-tishli mufta, 4,7-vilkalar, 5-g‘ildirak,
6-yetaklanuvchi valning g‘ildirak-
karеtkasi, 8-yеtaklanuvchi (ikkilamchi) val,
9-O.Yu. shеstеrnyasi, 10-o‘q, 11-doimiy
ilashishda bo‘lgan shеstеrnyasi, 12,13-
shеstеrnyalar, 14-doimiy ilashishda turgan
oraliq val g‘ildiragi, 15-oraliq val, 16-kartеr.
Uch pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisining konstruktiv sxemasi.
O.Yu
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UQ 1-pog‘onada ishlashi.
𝑼
𝟏
=
𝒛
𝟏𝟒
𝒛
𝟐
∗
𝒛
𝟔
𝒛
𝟏𝟐
=
𝟑𝟖
𝟐𝟒
∗
𝟒𝟎
𝟏𝟖
= 𝟑, 𝟓𝟏
UQ 2-pog‘onada ishlashi.
𝑼
𝟐
=
𝒛
𝟏𝟒
𝒛
𝟐
∗
𝒛
𝟓
𝒛
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟑𝟖
𝟐𝟒
∗
𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟏
= 𝟏, 𝟔𝟖
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Vehicles Construction
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UQ 3-pog‘onada ishlashi.
𝑼
𝟑
=
𝒛
𝟏
𝒛
𝟖
=
𝟑𝟖
𝟑𝟖
= 𝟏, 𝟎
UQ ni orqaga yurishida ishlashi.
[13]
[15]
[14]
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Vehicles Construction
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UQ ning har bir pog‘onalarda ishlashi.
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Vehicles Construction
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1-kuch uzatuvchi val, 2-ikkilamchi val, 3-orqaga harakatlantiruvchi
tishli g‘ildirak, 4-asosiy uzatmaga harakat beruvchi val.
O‘qlari bir o‘qda bo‘lgan 5-pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisi.
[2]
[17]
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Vehicles Construction
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[18]
O‘qlari bir o‘qda bo‘lmagan 5-pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisi.
1-kuch uzatuvchi val, 2-ikkilamchi val, 3-orqaga
harakatlantiruvchi tishli g‘ildirak, 4-asosiy
uzatmaga harakat beruvchi val.
[17]
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Pog‘onali uzatmalar qutisining pog‘ona o‘zgartirish mexanizmlarida
yordamchi moslamalar qo‘llaniladi:
1. Fiksatorlar
— avtomobil harakati davomida pog‘onalarning o‘z-o‘zidan ishga
tushishi yoki pog‘onadan chiqib ketish oldini olib, pog‘onaning turg‘unligini
ta’minlash uchun xizmat qiladi;
[19]
27, 28, 29 – polzunlar.
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2. Orqaga yurish
pog‘onasini ishga tushirishni qiyinlashtiruvchi moslama,
avtomobil oldinga harakat qilayotgan vaqtda orqaga yurish pog‘onasini noto‘g‘ri
ishga tushirilishini blokirovka qiladi;
[19]
25-fiksator; 30,32-suxarlar; 31-shtift.
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3. Qulf
— bir vaqtning o‘zida ikki pog‘onani ishga tushishining oldini oladi.
[19]
[20]
33-saqlagich prujina.
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Sinxronizator.
Uzatmalarning neytral holati.
Sinxronizatsiyalashning boshlanishi.
Uzatma qo‘shilganda.
22 - 3- va 4- uzatmalar sinxronizatorining blokirovkalovchi halqalari,
23 - 3- va 4- uzatmalar sinxronizatorining gipchagi,
24 - 3- va 4- uzatmalar sinxronizatorining sirpanuvchi muftasi,
25 – 4- uzatmaning yetaklanuvchi shesternyasi,
28 – sinxronizator suxari, 29 - sinxronizator prujinasi.
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[22]
[23]
Sinxronizator.
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Vehicles Construction
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FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
1.
Трансмиссия автомобиля
. [Online image] [Accessed in 2014].
https://www.razbor-vektor.ru/images/four-wheel-drive-2014.jpg
2.
Понятная классификация автомобилей по способу вождения.
[Online image] [Accessed on 11 December 2017].
https://encrypted-
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRtprPCjSjJeSr92FreoiO6PMtbzwXbOvEQBbH7l86QNjfZolEp
3.
Manuel Transmission. By Mia Bevacqua. [Online image] [Accessed on 2 March 2018].
https://storage.googleapis.com/rp-production-public-content/x6pHtrkuu9S4bpoXNGB1YHrs
4.
Private car owners to pay Sh3.5k inspection fees in proposed rules. By Bonface Otieno. [Online image] [Accessed on 19 June 2019].
https://nnmedia.nation.africa/uploads/2018/11/Thika-road-
traffic.jpg
5.
Wheel-and-axle GIFs - Get the best GIF on GIPHY. [Online gif] [Accessed in 2017].
https://media1.giphy.com/media/eNjZ4EOtVsgWA/giphy.gif
6.
Truck. [Online image] [Accessed in 2020].
https://drive.ky.gov/Motor-Carriers/PublishingImages/motor%20carriers%20large%20truck.png
7.
Yusupov
S. “
Avtomobillar konstruksiyasi
” 1
-qism.
O‘quv
-uslubiy majmua. A.: AndMI. 2019 yil, -b. 177 (493).
8.
What is the purpose of the gearbox in a motor vehicle? [Online gif] [Accessed in 2018].
https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-a8cd053170ea3ed0f2cd47af1758455f
9.
Yusupov
S. “
Avtomobillar konstruksiyasi
” 1
-qism.
O‘quv
-uslubiy majmua. A.: AndMI. 2019 yil, -b. 181 (493).
10. E.Fayzullayev. Transport vositalarining konstruksiyasi. Darslik. I-qism. -T.:
“
Yangi asr avlodi
”
, -2006 yil, 200 bet.
11. Decision Support
—
Perceptronics Solutions. [Online gif] [Accessed in 2015].
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/561fca5be4b0f777cd254349/1447861877896-
TVL4RRV0NVD4M8QHAV0M/giphy+%2819%29.gif?format=1500w
12. How Synchromesh Gearbox Works? [Online image] [Accessed on 27 December 2018].
https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_lossless,ret_img,w_605/https://mectips.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/12/synchromesh-transmission.png
13. E.Fayzullayev. Transport vositalarining konstruksiyasi. Darslik. I-qism. -T.:
“
Yangi asr avlodi
”
, -2006 yil, 201 bet.
14. Car Transmissions & Synchromesh: "Spinning Levers" 1936 Chevrolet Auto Mechanics 10min on Make a GIF. [Online gif] [Accessed in 2015].
https://i.makeagif.com/media/10-13-2015/d53qJA.gif
15. Animation showing gear selection in a sequential manual transmission via cylindrical cam. [Online gif] [Accessed on 16 March 2019].
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ManualTransmissionAnimation.gif
16.
Как 5
-
ступенчатая механическая коробка передач работает основные принципы?
[Online image] [Accessed in 2020].
https://encrypted-
tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR2bRrFsYdARjInktG4cP6nfG5CTzlA4F2cwEAyKgggQ0ZDtHrB
17. Yusupov
S. “
Avtomobillar konstruksiyasi
” 1
-qism.
O‘quv
-uslubiy majmua. A.: AndMI. 2019 yil, -b. 182 (493).
18.
Понятная классификация автомобилей по способу вождения.
[Online image] [Accessed on 11 December 2017].
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSnby8tO1gO2TcMd5bNhWiagCeErDMEuoHrR9HFYq6cbDDaN0LY
19. A.Muxitdinov va boshqalar. Transport vositalarining tuzilishi. Design of vehicles.-
T.: “Ta’lim”
nashriyoti. 2014. 77 b.
20. Manual Transmission Gearbox, How it works ? on Make a GIF. [Online gif] [Accessed on 5 July 2015].
https://i.makeagif.com/media/5-07-2015/Wllip-.gif
21. E.Fayzullayev. Transport vositalarining konstruksiyasi. Darslik. I-qism. -T.:
“
Yangi asr avlodi
”
, -2006 yil, 218 bet.
22. How Synchromesh Gearbox Works? [Online image] [Accessed on 27 December 2018].
https://www.freeasestudyguides.com/graphics/transmission-
synchronizer.png?ezimgfmt=rs:603x349/rscb32/ng:webp/ngcb32
23. Clutch with synchronizer rings. [Online video] [Accessed on 8 October 2013].
https://youtu.be/rsevFz2ZyuA
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