A reference for Designing Servers and Peripherals for the Microsoft® Windows nt® Server Operating System Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation Publication Date: October 10, 1997 - bet 31

M
manageability
component instrumentation, 93
expansion device management, 92
management information service providers, 93
remote management support, 91–92
server clusters, 107–109
service boot support, 91
WBEM (Web-Based Enterprise Management) information, xiv, 93
Wired for Management (WfM) initiative, 91
WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation), 91, 93
Zero Administration initiative, 91
management information providers, 93
MANUFACTURER description key, 41–42
Matsushita Electronics Incorporated (MEI)
test disc, 78
MDK (Modem Developers Kit), xiii
MDL (memory descriptor list), 131
media changers, 81–82
Media Status Notification, xiii, 64, 65, 68
media status notification implementation, 65
memory
Enterprise server systems, 104
Error Correction Code (ECC) protection, 14
expansion capabilities, 14
installed system memory, 14
minimum installed requirements, 14
SOHO server systems, 97
microprocessor requirements
design issues, 6–7
L2 cache requirements, 13, 97, 103
multiprocessor support, 13
SOHO server systems, 97
Microsoft
Active Desktop, 46
BackOffice, 50
Cluster Server (MSCS), 107–109
DirectShow, 53
hardware developer information, xii
hardware testing information, viii
Internet Explorer 4.0, 46
keyboard and mouse drivers, 37–38
MSCS (Microsoft Cluster Server) software,
107–109
MSDN Professional membership, xii
NetShow, 46
Network Monitor Agent, 48
Pci.exe Configuration Space debugging
program, 31
PNP vendor code, 24
minidrivers
defined, 131
installation requirements, 36
WDM-based support, 37
miniport drivers
defined, 131
NDIS WAN miniport, 45, 60
video miniport drivers, 7
MMX Technology, x
MODEL description key, 41–42
Modem Developers Kit (MDK), xiii
modems
adaptive connections, 51
blacklisted and delayed number clearing, 51
modems (continued)
command sets, 49–50
controllers, 52
fax modems command sets, 50
Hayes compatibility, 49–50
internal modem cards, 35
Modem Developers Kit (MDK), xiii
PCM modems, 52
point-to-point calls, 50
protocols, 50
serial ISDN modems, 57–59
speeds supported, 50
synchronous access, 50
TDD support, 51–52
Unimodem Diagnostics command
(AT#UD), 52
universal modem driver, 133
voice modems, 53
monolithic drivers, 131
MPEG-2 playback, 79
MSCS (Microsoft Cluster Server)
software, 107–109
MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network) Professional membership, xii
MS-DOS-based applications, 6
Mt. Fuji specification. See SFF (Small Form Factor) documents
multicast addresses, filtering, 46
multifunction cards and devices
defined, 131
device IDs, 23
I2O-capable systems, 34
PCI devices, 28
Plug and Play compliance, 23
multi-initiator support, 109
multilink PPP support, 59
multiple-drive systems, 71
MultiProcessor Specification, xiv, 13
multiprocessors
Advanced RISC Computing Multiprocessor Standard Specification, xii
APIC support, 13
basic Windows NT servers, 13
Enterprise server systems, 103
MultiProcessor Specification, 13
RISC-based systems, 13
Multisession Compact Disc Specification, xiv
multisession support
CD-ROM devices, 74
DVD-ROM devices, 75
SFF 8020i support, 74
N
N+1 power supply, 88
National Computer Security Center, 85
National ISDN Basic Rate Interface Terminal Equipment Generic Guidelines, xii, 58, 61
NDIS drivers
INF format, 48
miniport drivers, 45, 60
operating-system specific calls, 48
NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification),
xiv, 43, 44, 131.
See also NDIS drivers
network adapters. See also network communications devices
BIOS boot support, 21
boot-device support, 47–48
bridges, 46
buffer alignment, 46
filtering, 46
full-duplex adapters, 45
high-performance components, selecting, 43
interrupt moderation, 47
ISA-based, 45
Microsoft network client and protocol
support, 48
miniport drivers, 45, 60
optimization and performance tuning, 47
push technology support, 46
receive buffers, 47
remote boot capabilities, 20
sensing network connections and transceiver type, 46
server clusters, 108
network communications devices. See also NDIS drivers; network adapters
ADSL devices, 56
ATM adapters, 53–55
device drivers, 48, 59
ISDN adapters
overview, 56–57
parallel ISDN devices, 60
serial ISDN modems, 57–59
Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS), xiv, 43, 44, 131. See also NDIS drivers
network media recommendations, 45
Network Monitor Agent, Microsoft, 48
Network PC System Design Guidelines
preboot execution environment, 20
remote new system setup, 92
URL, xiv
NIUF (National ISDN User’s Forum), 58
NMI (Nonmaskable Interrupt)
defined, 131
NMI alert, 90
non-volatile storage update capabilities, 21
NT-1 (network terminator), 61
NTFS (Windows NT file system), 132
NTMS Programmers Guide, xiv, 82
Windows NT Server design. See also basic Windows NT servers; Enterprise server systems; SOHO servers
design issues, 1–2
goals, 3
requirements checklist, 111–123
server classes, 4–5
O
on-board devices, x
on-board termination switches, 67
OnNow design initiative
BIOS support, 20–21
defined, 132
device drivers, 5–6
goal, 5
hardware design requirements, 5–6, 17–18
IEEE 1394 standards, 5, 17
overview, 5–6
power management support, 17–18
software-based power control, 18
SOHO server systems, 99–100
switch-based power control, 18
system availability, 90
system startup requirements, 19–20
web site, 6
Open Host Controller Interface (OpenHCI) Specification, xiv, 33
operating systems
C2-level security, 85
European security evaluation, 85
installation or reinstallation, 73
OnNow design initiative, 5
optical disk changers, 81–82
option ROMs
defined, 132
Plug and Play compliance, 24
upgrade support, 21
optional hardware features, Windows NT Server, xi
Orange Book, 85
out-of-band systems management devices
ISA devices, 35
Plug and Play compliance, 22, 23
overvoltage protection, 88
P
parallel ports and devices
ACPI-based systems, 40
compatibility mode, 41
design requirements, 39–42
device ID keys, 41–42
ECP mode, 40–41, 101, 129
IEEE 1284 specifications, 41, 101
legacy ports and peripherals, 40–42
nibble mode, 41
parallel ISDN devices, 60–61
physical design, 41
Plug and Play Parallel Port Device Specification, 41
resource configuration, 39–40
SOHO server systems, 101
passive back planes, 84
password protection, preboot password, 20.
See also security
PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification, xiv
PCI Configuration Space
debugging, 31
header region, 28, 29
multifunction PCI devices, 28
PCI Configuration Space bits, 28
Pci.exe program, 31
Plug and Play device identifiers, 28
Subsystem and Subsystem Vendor IDs, 29–30
PCI Hot Plug standard, 32
PCI Local Bus Specification
current version, 22
PCI bus and device requirements, 26
URL, xiv
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect).
See also PCI Configuration Space
66 MHz/64 bit buses, 32
bus architecture, 25
bus design requirements, 25–32
closing BAR windows, 27
cycles, decoding, 27
dual IDE adapters, 69
ghost cards, 26
hardware insert/remove notification, 32
hot swapping support, 32
IDE connectivity, 27
interrupt line, sharing, 26
interrupt routing, 31
multifunction PCI devices, 28
PCI IDE bus mastering, 70
PCI (continued)
PCI Local Bus Specification, 26
PCI-to-PCI bridges, 27
peer bridges, 26
Plug and Play support, 26
run-time registers, 31
server clusters, 108
Subsystem and Subsystem Vendor IDs, 29–30
Ultra DMA/33 support, 27
VGA-compatible devices, 27
PCI to PCI Bridge Specification, 27
Pentium processors
basic Windows NT servers, 13
Enterprise server systems, 103
performance. See also high-performance components, selecting; speed
benchmark tests, 3
Fixed/Dynamic Interrupt Moderation, 47
hard drive performance requirements, 64, 89, 101, 104
tuning, network adapters, 47
Peripheral Component Interface. See PCI
peripherals. See also PCI
Fibre Channel technology, 72, 101
IDE peripherals, 68
IEEE 1284 peripherals, 41–42
SCSI peripherals, 65–68
security, 86
Pin 1 orientation, 70
PLDA (Private Loop Direct Attach) profile, 72, 101
Plug and Play. See also Plug and Play documents and specifications
ACPI specification, 6, 15, 22
basic Windows NT server compliance, 22–24
BIOS boot support for network adapter, 21
CID (CompatibleID) compliance, 24
device configuration, 22
device driver support, 37
device enumeration, 15
device IDs
add-on devices, 23
IEEE 1284 peripherals, 41–42
PCI Configuration Space, 28
system devices, 23
dynamic disable capabilities, 22
enumeration of non-Plug and Play devices, 15
excluded devices, 22
expansion header, 24
I20 hidden device compliance, 22, 23
I/O request packets (IRPs), 37
ISA Write Data Port addresses, 28
Plug and Play (continued)
ISDN devices, 58, 59, 61
keyboard and mouse connections, 37–38
legacy systems and devices, 22, 23, 24, 39–40
multifunction cards and devices, 23
NDIS support, 43–44
network adapters, BIOS boot support, 20
option ROM compliance, 24
out-of-band systems management devices, 22, 23
PCI support, 26
resource conflict resolution, 40
SCSI host adapters, 65
smart card readers and device drivers, 86
SOHO server systems, 99
USB hardware, 32
Plug and Play documents and specifications
Clarification to Plug and Play BIOS Specification, 24
Clarification to Plug and Play ISA
Specification, 22
PCI Local Bus Specification, 22
Plug and Play BIOS Specification, 24
Plug and Play External COM Device Specification, 22, 39
Plug and Play Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Specification, 22, 23
Plug and Play Parallel Port Device Specification, 22, 39
Plug and Play Small Computer System Interface Specification, 22
Universal Serial Bus Specification, 22
Web site, xiv
plugging in cables, 67
PNP vendor code, 24
port connectors, IEEE 1284 specifications, 41
port drivers, 132
port replicators, 132
ports
connection ports, 33
defined, 132
enhanced parallel port (EPP), 40
extended capabilities ports (ECPs), 40, 41,
101, 129
parallel ports, 39–42
port drivers, 132
port replicators, 132
PS/2-style ports, 37–38
serial ports, 21, 38–39
USB icon, 33
POST (power-on self test), 132. See also Fast POST
POTS lines, 60
power buttons
ACPI compliance, 16
OnNow compliance, 18
SOHO server systems, 98, 100
power consumption, OnNow compliance, 17
power management
defined, 132
OnNow compliance, 17–18
power management timers, 15
SOHO server systems, 4, 98
switch-based vs. software-based, 18
uninterruptible power supply (UPS), 88, 90
power management documents and specifications
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification, xii, 15
Device Class Power Management
Specification, xiii
PCI Bus Power Management Interface
Specification, xiv
Storage Device Class Power Management
Reference Specification, 71
power states, OnNow compliance, 17–18
power supply
Enterprise server systems, 105
protection, 88
preboot execution environment, 20
primary graphics adapter, 42
Private Loop Direct Attach (PLDA) profile, 72, 101
processor internal error alert, 90
processor speed
basic Windows NT servers, 13
Enterprise server systems, 103
SOHO server systems, 97
promiscuous mode support, 48
protected switches, 84
PS/2-style ports
keyboards, 37
mouse ports, 38
push technology, supporting, 46
push-to-close design, 77
Q
QIC (Quarter-Inch Cartridge) Drive Standards, xiv, 132
QOS (Quality of Service), NDIS support, 44
quadword buffer alignment, 46
R
RADSL (rate adaptive digital subscriber line), ADSL support, 56
RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) support
Enterprise server systems, 105
server clusters, 108
SOHO server systems, 102
Windows NT Server requirements, 89–90
RAM (Random Access Memory), 132.
See also memory
Read Format Capacities command, 64
real-mode components, 37
real-time clock alarms, 16, 98
real-time processing, 132
receive buffers, 47
recommended hardware features,
Windows NT Server, xi
redundant power supplies, 88
registry
defined, 132
device driver configuration settings, 36
modem INF entries, 50, 52
network adapters, performance tuning, 47
reliability. See also fault tolerance
automatic restart capability, 87
backup hardware, 79–81, 88
fault-tolerant hardware, 89
multiple hard drives, 89
power supply protection, 88
RAID support, 89–90, 102, 105
server design, 2
SOHO server systems, 102
UPS, 88
remote management capabilities
network adapters, 48
remote boot capabilities, 20
remote device management, 92
remote new system setup, 92
server security, 92
required hardware features, Windows NT Server, xi
requirements checklist, 111–123
RESET command, ATAPI, 71
resource allocation, 15
resource conflicts
3F7h and 377h address ranges, 71
legacy serial port conflicts, 39
Plug and Play conflict resolution support, 40
resources, 132
RFCs (Requests for Comments)
dynamic system configuration, 91
Multilink PPP, 59
RISC (reduced instruction set computing), 133
RISC (reduced instruction set computing), 133
RISC-based systems
Advanced RISC Computing Multiprocessor Standard Specification, xii
ARC (Advanced RISC computing), 6–7
defined, x, 133
hardware abstraction layer (HAL), 7
multiprocessor support, 13
parallel port base address, 40
processor requirements, 6–7, 13
USB keyboards, 38
robustness, in server design, 2
run-time registers for PCI devices, 31
S
S5 soft-off feature, 16, 99
sampling algorithms, network adapters, 47
scalability
basic servers, 4
defined, 133
server clusters, 107–109
server design, 2
scan codes
keyboard-based power switches, 18
PS/2-style ports, 37, 38
screen display. See startup display
SCSI adapters and peripherals
auto-configuration of media changers, 82
automatic termination circuit, 66
bus parity signals, 67
bus type labeling, 66
cable requirements, 67
differential devices, 66
erasable disk drives, 72–73
external connectors, 66
host controller, 65
media status notification, 65, 68
multi-initiator support, 109
optical disk changers, 81–82
removable media, 68
server clusters, 108–109
SFF 8090 (Mt. Fuji specification), 68
shielded device connectors, 67
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-3) Parallel Interface (SPI) Specification, xii, 66
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-2) Specification, xii
STOP/START UNIT command, 68
tape changers, 81–82
tape drive compliance, 80
termination, 66, 67
terminator power, 66
virtual DMA services, 65
SCSI (small computer system interface), 133
security
C2-level operating system security, 85
external drive devices, key-locking capabilities, 64, 86
hardware security, 85–86
lockable computer cases, 84, 86
peripherals, 86
preboot passwords, 20
remote alerts, 86
remote device management, 92
remote software management, 86
smart cards, 86
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria, 85
serial ports and devices
BIOS configuration, 39
bus requirements, 38
conflicts with legacy serial ports, 39
console redirection as boot device, 21
design requirements, 38–39
device class requirements, 38
IRQ usage, 39
legacy serial ports, 39
serial ISDN modems, 57–59
server clustering
defined, 107
hardware requirements and testing, 109
MSCS software, 107–109
network requirements, 108
server requirements, 108
storage requirements, 108
server design. See Windows NT Server design
server requirements checklist, 111–123
serviceability
basic servers, 4
server design, 2
SOHO server systems, 102
SFF (Small Form Factor) documents
SFF 8070, 74
SFF 8090 (Mt. Fuji specification), xii, 65, 68, 76
SFF 8020i, 71, 74
SFF 8038i, 70
SFF 8070i, xii, 64, 81
shielded device connectors, 67
shrouded connectors, 70, 83
sleep states
ACPI compliance, 16, 19
indicators, 17
OnNow compliance, 17–18
resume time, 19
SOHO server systems, 99–100
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-3) Parallel Interface (SPI) [X3T9.2/91-10] Specification, xii, 66
Small Computer Interface (SCSI-2) [X3T9.2-375R] Specification, xii
smart cards, 86, 133
SMART IOCTL API Specification, 72
SMART-compliant IDE hard drives, 72
snap-on connectors, 84
soft-off feature, 16, 99
software devices, 133
software-based power control, 18
SOHO (small office/home office) servers.
See also basic Windows NT servers
ACPI support, 98–99
bus and device requirements, 100–101
fast POST capabilities, 100
fault tolerance, 102
Fibre Channel technology, 101
hard drive performance, 101
ISA expansion devices, 100
memory capacity, 97
microprocessor capabilities, 97
parallel port capabilities, 101
power buttons, 98, 100
power management requirements, 98–100
power states, 99
RAID support, 102
real-time clock alarm, 98
startup display, 100
switch- and software-based power control, 100
tape drives, 102
USB host controller, 100
speed. See also performance
DVD speed requirements, 77
hard drive performance requirements, 64, 101, 104
high-speed communications, 39, 44
ISDN speed requirements, 59
modem speeds supported, 50
processor speed
basic Windows NT servers, 13
Enterprise server systems, 103
SOHO server systems, 97
tape drive requirements, 80
SPI (Small Computer Interface (SCSI-3) Parallel Interface [X3T9.2/91-10]) Specification, xii
SPID detection, 58, 61
spin down, 133
startup display, 19
static resource devices, 22
STOP/START UNIT command
SCSI adapters and peripherals, 68
storage components
high-performance, selecting, 63
multiple hard drives, 89
RAID controllers, 89
server clustering, 108
Storage Device Class Power Management Reference Specification, 71
streams, 133
subpicture decoder, 78
Subsystem IDs, 29–30
Subsystem Vendor IDs
add-on display devices, 30
implementation, 29
PCI compliance, 29–30
system-board devices, 30
transitional implementation solution, 30
switch detection, 58, 59, 61
switch-based power control, 18
switches, protected, 84
synchronous PPP, 59
system area network (SAN), 108
system-board devices
ACPI compliance, 15
Subsystem Vendor IDs, 30
system boot time, minimizing, 19
system components, high-performance, 11
system devices
defined, x, 133
device IDs, 23
system ID structure, 20
system memory. See memory
system startup
BIOS support, 20–21
CD-ROM boot support, 20
Fast POST recommendations, 19
hot-key override, 19
network adapter support, 21
OnNow compliance, 19–20
preboot execution environment, 20
security support, 20
serial port redirection from console, 21
startup display, 19
system ID structure, 20
update support for BIOS, 21
USB keyboard support, 21
T
tape changers, 81–82
tape drives
backup applications, 81
Enterprise server systems, 104
industry standards compliance, 80
SCSI tape drives, 80
SOHO server systems, 102
speed requirements, 80
TAPI (Telephony Application Program
Interface), 133
task-offload mechanisms, NDIS, 44
TCP/IP, 133
TDD (Telephone Device for the Deaf), 51–52
telephony, 133
temperature alert, 90
termination
active termination, 66
automatic termination circuits, 66, 67
internal terminators, 67
on-board termination switches, 67
regulated terminators, 66
TERMPWR (terminator power), 66
testing, compatibility
HCL, viii
overview, viii
server cluster configurations, 109
system configurations, 12
Text Telephone, 51–52
thermal models, 15, 98
TIA communications standards
TIA-602, 49
TIA-695, 53
TIA IS-101-1994, 53
total cost of ownership (TCO), 2
transceiver types, sensing, 46
troubleshooting
emergency repair support, 42
serial port, as boot device, 21
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria, 85
U
UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
defined, 133
legacy serial ports, 39
UDF (Universal Disk Format), 77
Ultra DMA/33. See also DMA
IDE/ATAPI support, 70
PCI support, 27
Ultra-ATA. See Ultra DMA/33
unattended installation
device drivers, 37
ISDN internal device drivers, 61
ISDN modem drivers, 59
undervoltage protection, 88
Unimodem, 133
Unimodem Diagnostics Command Reference Specification, xiv
Unimodem ID Command Reference Specification, xiv
uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
failure alert, 90
Windows NT Server requirements, 88
Universal Disk Format Specification, 77
Universal HCI (UHCI) Specification, xiv, 33
Universal Serial Bus PC Legacy Compatibility Specification
URL, xiv
USB keyboard, BIOS boot support, 21
Universal Serial Bus Specification
current version, 22
hardware compliance, 32
URL, xiv
Universal Serial Bus (USB) device class specifications, xiv
upgrade support, BIOS ROMs and option ROMs, 21
UPS (uninterruptible power supply), 88, 90, 134
USB class, 134
USB Common Class Specification, 34
USB host controller
ACPI compliance, 16
OpenHCI or UHCI compliance, 33
USB Human Interface Device Class Specification, 38
USB icon, 33
USB keyboard devices. See keyboards
USB Serial Bus PC Legacy Compatibility Specification, 38
USB (Universal Serial Bus). See also USB
(Universal Serial Bus) documentation and specifications
design requirements, 32–34
device class specifications, xiv, 34
hardware compliance, 32
hardware flexibility, 33
host controller, 16, 33
interface flexibility, 33
ISDN modems, 58
keyboard and mouse ports, 37–38
Open HCI or UHCI compliance, 33
power management requirements, 34
SOHO server systems, 100
USB icon, 33
USB (Universal Serial Bus) documentation and specifications. See also USB
Universal Serial Bus Specification, 32, 33, 38
USB Common Class Specification, 34
USB Human Interface Device Class Specification, 38
user mode, 134
V
validation of media types, 78
VAR (value added reseller), 134
VBR connections, 54–55
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association), 134
VGA-compatible devices, 27
video miniport drivers, 7
video playback, DVD-ROM
closed captioning, 78
copyright protection, 77
DVD-Video navigation, 78
movie playback features, 79
MPEG-2 playback, 79
subpicture compositing, 78
YUV offscreen surface support, 78, 79
Virtual Device Manager (VDM), 6
virtual DMA services, 65
voice modems, 53. See also modems
W
WAN (wide area network), 45, 60, 134
WAN miniport drivers, NDIS, 45, 60
watchdog timer time-out alert, 90
WBEM (Web-Based Enterprise Management) information, xiv, 93
WDL (Windows NT Driver Library), viii, 12
WDM (Win32 Driver Model)
defined, 134
minidriver support, 37
USB connections, 38
WHIIG. See Windows Hardware Instrumentation Implementation Guidelines
WHQL (Windows Hardware Quality Labs),
viii, xii, 134
Win32 API, 134
Win32 Extensions schema, xiv
Win32 SDK, xiv
Windows Hardware Instrumentation Implementation Guidelines, 84, 91, 93
Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL),
viii, xii, 134
Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), 91
defined, 134
URL, xiv
Windows NT.
See also Windows NT Server
DDK, xiv, 134
defined, x, 134
Driver Library (see WDL)
Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), viii
hardware compatibility tests (HCT), viii, 109
Windows NT Server
custom-designed systems, xi
defined, x
hardware initiatives, 3
minimum system requirements, vii
operating system features, 3
required, recommended, and optional hardware features, xi
required hardware features, xi
Wired for Management Baseline Specification, 84, 91
Wired for Management (WfM) initiative, 91
WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation), 91, 93
write-back cache, 13
X
X3T11 Private Loop Direct Attach (PLDA)
profile, 72
Y
year 2000+, date support, 12
YUV offscreen surface support, 78, 79
Z
Zero Administration initiative, 91, 134