nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE   Picture 12.1

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Picture 12.1
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bet | 22/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
12. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Picture 12.1 Task 1. Study the given materials about AI.
The U.S. Department of Education (Department) is committed to supporting the use of technology to improve teaching and learning and to support innovation throughout educational systems. This report addresses the clear need for sharing knowledge and developing policies for “Artificial Intelligence,” a rapidly advancing class of foundational capabilities which are increasingly embedded in all types of educational technology systems and are also available to the public. We will consider “educational technology” (edtech) to include both (a) technologies specifically designed for educational use, as well as (b) general technologies that are widely used in educational settings. Recommendations in this report seek to engage teachers, educational leaders, policy makers, researchers, and educational technology innovators and providers as they work together on pressing policy issues that arise as Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used in education.
AI can be defined as “automation based on associations.” When computers automate reasoning based on associations in data (or associations deduced from expert knowledge), two shifts fundamental to AI occur and shift computing beyond conventional edtech: (1) from capturing data to detecting patterns in data and (2) from providing access to instructional resources to automating decisions about instruction and other educational processes. Detecting patterns and automating decisions are leaps in the level of responsibilities that can be delegated to a computer system. The process of developing an AI system may lead to bias in how patterns are detected and unfairness in how decisions are automated. Thus, educational systems must govern their use of AI systems. This report describes opportunities for using AI to improve education, recognizes challenges that will arise, and develops recommendations to guide further policy development.
How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?
AI systems are typically composed of two main components: an algorithm and a dataset. The algorithm is the set of instructions that tells the system how to process data and make decisions. The dataset is the collection of data that the system uses to learn from and make decisions based on. For example, an AI system might use a dataset of images to learn how to recognize objects in photos.
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How is - 1. it products. Mobile phones

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1. it products. Mobile phones
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bet | 10/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
How is this different from the first conditional?
This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.
For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real).
But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that I'll have enough money to buy some shoes).
Fourth type of conditionals( Third conditionals).
When do we use the third conditional?
The third conditional is used to express the past consequence of an unrealistic action or situation in the past.
For example:
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
The first action (studying hard) did not happen. But in the case that he happened, the consequence was passing the exam. The third conditional is very similar to the second conditional. But while the second conditional refers to something unrealistic now or in the future, the third conditional refers to something unrealistic in the past.
We often use the third conditional to express regrets – describing things we are sorry happened or didn’t happen. For example,
If my alarm had gone off, I wouldn’t have been late to work.
If there hadn’t been so much traffic we wouldn’t have missed our flight.
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Amaliy topshiriq 15 daqiqa - Noma’lum sonni topishga doir misol va masalalar Qirg‘izova Ixtibor Xashimdjanova

www.pedagoglar.uz
45-son 8–to’plam Iyun 2023
Sahifa: 33
1-topshiriq: Berilgan misollarni yeching. Nama’lum sonlarni ma’lum sonlar orqali
ifodalang.
a)
53
-30=23 b) 60+
33
=93
d) 80+
15
=95 e)
59
-30=29
2-topshiriqda jadvaldagi bo‘sh kataklar to‘ldirilib, daftarlarga yoziladi.
Ushbu
topshiriq ham yozma bajarilib, o‘quvchilar baholanadi.Bunda
“Zukko matematik”
o‘yinidan foydalanish mumkin.
Qo‘shiluvchi
30
50
70
Kamayuvchi
43
56
94
Qo‘shiluvchi
55
29
22
Ayriluvchi
20
40
60
Yig‘indi
85
79
92
Ayirma
23
16
34
3- topshiriqdagi masala ham quyidagicha bajariladi.
Bir avtobus o‘z yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha 25 ta bekatda to‘xtab o‘tadi.Ikkinchi
avtobus
esa, unda 10 ta kam bekatda to‘xtab o‘tadi. Ikkinchi
avtobus jami nechta bekatda
to‘xtab o‘tadi.
Ushbu masala ham yozma bajariladi.
25-10=15 demak, javob 15ta
O‘qituvchining kuzatishlari
O‘quvchilar misol va masaladagi yechimlarni daftariga yozadi va noma’lumni
topishda ma’lum sonlardan foydalanadi.
VI .Darsga yakun yasash (butun sinf) 5 daqiqa
Darsga yakun yasash va o‘quvchilarni baholash. Dars so‘ngida o‘quvchilar darsdagi
ishtirokiga ko‘ra baholanadi va g‘olib guruh aniqlanib, rag‘batlantiriladi.
Darsga yakun yasash.
Uyga vazifani tushuntiring.
4.Noma’lum kamayuvchi va qo‘shiluvchini toping.
a)
____ - 10 = 17 b)
____ + 20 =64
d)
___ + 30 = 73 e)
____ - 30 =22
5.Masala yeching.
Dinora birinchi kun 43ta ro‘mol, ikkinchi kuni birinchi kundan 13ta kam ro‘mol
tikdi. Dinora ikkinchi kuni nechta ro‘mol tikdi.
1-Ma’ruza Mavzu: Fanga kirish. Avtоmatik bоshqarish sistemalari – elementlar majmuasi

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1-Ma’ruza Mavzu: Fanga kirish. Avtоmatik bоshqarish sistemalari – elementlar majmuasi
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bet | 1/4 | Sana | 06.02.2024 | Hajmi | 1,1 Mb. | | #151945 |
Bog'liq 1-маъруза
1-Ma’ruza
Mavzu: Fanga kirish. Avtоmatik bоshqarish sistemalari – elementlar majmuasi
Hozirgi vaqtda xalq xo ‘jalig ining barcha sohalarida avto- matlashtirish jadal suratlarda olib borilmoqda, avtomatlashtirilgan agregat mashinalar, potok liniyalari, sex va zavodlar barpo bo‘l- moqda.
Inson eng avval og‘ir jismoniy mehnat turlari (energiya va haraktlantiruvchi kuch manbai vazifasini bajarish) dan ozod boTishga erishgan. Bu o‘rinda u tabiiy energiya manbalaridan (suv, shamol va b.) foydalangan. Keyinchalik bug4va elektr mashinalarini yaratilishi va ulaming ishlab chiqarishda qoMlanilishi bilan bog‘liq boMgan fan va texnika taraqqiyotining birinchi bosqichi ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarini mexanizatsiyalash fazasi boshlandi.
Ishlab chiqarish sistemalarining asosiy elementlaridan biri bu texnologik jarayondir. Texnologik jarayon - mehnat qurollari holati o‘zgaruvchi yoki ta’minlovchi harakatlardir. Texnologik jarayonlar texnologik operatsiyalardan iborat va u bitta ish joyida bajariladi. Texnologik rejim - texnologik jarayonning o‘zgaruvchi qiymatlaridir. Texnologik jarayon matematik tarzda quyidagicha shakllanadi.
Ro-texnologik qurilma agregatlaming parametrlari majmuasi;
Pc-xom ashyo parametrlarining majmuasi;
Pp-jarayon parametrlarining to‘plami;
Pp- mahsulot parametri to‘plami;
Ik, Ich - kirish, chiqish oqimlari parametrlarining intensivligi. Texnologik jarayonning matematik javobini qurushida, ayrim element operatsiyalari bilan qaraladi.
Avtomatika - fan va texnikaning alohida sohasi boMib, avto- matik boshqarish nazariyasi, avtomatik tizimlar yaratish prinsiplari va bu tizimlarda qo‘llaniladigan texnik vositalar bilan shug‘ullanadi. Avtomatika so‘zi grekcha so‘zdan olingan bo‘lib, o‘zi hara- katlanuvchan moslamani anglatadi. Avtomatika fan sifatida XVIII asming ikkinchi yarmida, ya’ni ip-yigiruv, tikuv stanoklari va bug4 mashinalari kabi birinchi murakkab mashina - qurilmalarining pay- do boMish davridan ishlatila boshlandi.
Avtomatik qurilma Polzunov bug4 mashinasi (1765-y.) yara- tilgan. Bu mashina oddiy shamol va gidravlik dvigatellarning o ‘rniga ishlatilgan va odam ishtirokisiz suvning sathini rostlagan. Avtomatik rostlashning asosiy prinsiplarini ingliz olimi F. Maksvell tomonidan 1868-yilda ishlab chiqildi.
Texnikaning rivojlanishi va odamlaming og‘ir qo‘l mehnatidan bo‘shashiga qaram asdan, ish jarayonlari va mehnat qurollarini boshqarish kengayib va murakkablashib bordi. Ayrim holatlarda esa maxsus qo‘shimcha elementlarsiz mexanizatsiyalashgan ishlab chiqarishni boshqarish im koniyatlari m urakkablashdi. Bu esa o ‘z navbatida, avtomatikaning muhimligini va uni rivojlantirish kerakligini isbotladi.
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Xavfsizlik muammolari - Muallif: Virtual Maxfiy Tarmoqlarga (vpn) kirish

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Muallif: Virtual Maxfiy Tarmoqlarga (vpn) kirish
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bet | 4/5 | Sana | 06.01.2024 | Hajmi | 52,44 Kb. | | #131034 |
Bog'liq Virtual xususiy tarmoqlarXavfsizlik muammolari
Agar sizning VPN ulanishining xavfsizligi haqida tashvishlaringiz bo'lsa, ishonchli VPN xizmatidan foydalaning, uning kuchli shifrlash protokollari va loglar yo'q siyosati bilan.
Best Practices for Using VPN in Different Scenarios Uzb
Shaxsiy foydalanish
VPN-ni shaxsiy foydalanish uchun ishlatganda, onlayn maxfiyatingizni himoya qilish va geo-cheklangan tarkibga kirish uchun ishonchli va xavfsiz xizmatni tanlashingizni ta'minlang.
Biznes ishlatish
Biznes uchun, xavfsizlikni ta'minlash uchun kuchli shifrlash va ko'p faktorli autentifikatsiyaga ega VPN-ni amalga oshiring, shuningdek, xodimlar masofaviy ishlashlari paydo bo'lganda, maxfiy kompan
Sayohat qilish
Sayohat qilayotganingizda, onlayn xavfsizlikni ta'minlash uchun VPN-dan foydalaning va umumiy Wi-Fi tarmoqlariga xavfsiz ulanib, sifatli xizmatlarga kirishingiz mumkin, masalan, striming platformalari,
VPN nima?
VPN qanday ishlaydi?
VPN foydalanishning afzalliklari
Bir VPN yoki Virtual Maxsus Tarmoq, internet ulanishingizni shifrlaydi va IP manzilingizni yopib, onlayn maxfiyatingizni himoya qiladi.
VPN serveriga ulanganingizda, internet trafikingiz server orqali yo'lni tutadi, shuningdek, siz boshqa joylardan foydalanayotgan ko'rinadi.
VPN ishlatish, sizga geo-cheklangan kontentga kirish imkonini beradi, umumiy Wi-Fi orqali ma'lumotlaringizni himoya qiladi va internetni anonim tarzda ko'rish imkonini beradi.
VPN biznesda ishlatiladi
Xavfsiz ma'lumotlar uzatish
VPNlar ma'lumotlarni shifrlaydi, masofaviy xodimlar va kompaniya tarmoqlari o'rtasida xavfsiz uzatishni ta'minlaydi, maxfiy biznes ma'lumotlarini himoya qiladi.
Ofis tarmoqiga masofaviy kirish
VPNlar xodimlarga kompaniyaning tarmoqiga xavfsiz ravishda istalgan joydan kirish imkonini beradi, masofaviy ish va faollikni oshiradi.
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Task 2. Prepare - 1. it products. Mobile phones

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1. it products. Mobile phones
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bet | 25/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Task 2. Prepare a PPT presentation on the theme Artificial Intelligence.
1. What is AI?
2. How Does Artificial Intelligence Work? 3. What Are the Benefits of Artificial Intelligence? 13. THE UNIVERSITY WHERE I STUDY AT Picture 13.1.
Task 1. Study the given materials about FBTUIT.
FERGANA BRANCH OF TASHKENT UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES (FBTUIT)
Fergana branch was established in accordance with the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from June 2, 2005 № PP-91 “On improvement of the system of training specialists in the field of information technologies”, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan On approval of the Standard Provision on Branches of Higher Education Institutions, June 14, 130, as well as the Communication of the Communication and Information Agency of Uzbekistan dated July 21, 2005, 07- 8 / 2015 was founded on July 23, 2005 in Ferghana as a regional branch of the Tashkent University of Information Technology.
FACULTY OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
The current Fergana branch of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi was created on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the further development of computerization and the introduction of information and communication technologies” dated May 30, 2002 and on the basis of the Decision “On improving the system of training personnel in the field of information technologies” dated June 2, 2005. Established on the basis of a decision (Order of the rector of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies dated July 23, 2005). On this basis, the Faculty of Information Technology was established in the branch in 2005.
The faculty is a leader in training personnel in the field of information technology and computer technology in Uzbekistan.
Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 118 dated June 28, 2013 “On improving the organizational structure of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies and its regional branches”, order No. 280 dated July 4, 2013 of the State Committee for Informatization and Telecommunication Technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, order No. 232 dated On July 4, 2013, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the order of TUIT No. 905 dated
August 29, 2013, the Faculty of Information Technology of the Fergana branch of TUIT was renamed the Faculty of Computer Engineering.
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT    Task 1. Scan the text

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PROJECT MANAGEMENT Task 1. Scan the text
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bet | 17/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Task 1. Scan the text. What is IT project management?
IT project management is the process of planning, organizing and delineating responsibility for the completion of an organization’s specific information technology goals.
IT project management includes overseeing projects for software development, hardware installations, network upgrades, cloud computing and
virtualization rollouts, business analytics and data management projects and implementing IT services.
In addition to the normal problems that can cause a project to fail, factors that can negatively affect the success of an IT project include advances in technology during the project's execution, infrastructure changes that impact security and data management and unknown dependent relationships among hardware, software, network infrastructure and data.
What is a Gantt chart?
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that represents a project and plots tasks across a timeline. It’s one of the most commonly used project management tools.
The typical Gantt chart format lists tasks vertically down on the left, while a timeline runs horizontally across the top of the chart. Horizontal bars, or Gantt bars, represent each task's progress, duration, and start and end dates. A Gantt chart also shows milestones, assignees, and dependencies between tasks (See chart 1).
Chart 1. Gantt chart.
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Sample to CV - 1. it products. Mobile phones

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1. it products. Mobile phones
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bet | 29/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Sample to CV
Jonathan Web Designer
Phone: +1-799-456-8777
Email: jonline@gmail.com
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/jonline Twitter: twitter.com/jonline
Summary
Enthusiastic and self-motivated web designer with 3+ years of experience. Eager to join WebHouse to bring top-class frontend development, UX, and visual design skills. In previous roles redesigned a SaaS website that reduced CAC by 50% and implemented an SEO-optimized design that boosted traffic by 300%.
Experience
2015–2018
NanTech
Web Designer
Cooperated closely with the marketing team to develop concepts and mockups on 10+ projects.
Participated in weekly client meetings to discuss solutions and update project status.
Worked independently and as part of 3 cross-functional teams on conceptualizing website design and optimization.
Collaborated with internal and external design/dev resources to implement scalable front-end templates and design modules.
Key achievements:
Redesigned a SaaS website with a view to maximizing ARR and reducing CAC. Achieved 20% rise and 50% reduction YoY respectively.
Organized 2 workshops for 10+ interns on wireframing and mockup creation using Adobe Xd and InDesign.
2015-2016
World Press Group
Associate Web Designer
Assisted the creative team in developing visually appealing websites.
Closely cooperated with the web design team to build responsive WordPress themes.
Developed landing page functionalities and features.
Addressed any design issues that arose.
Maintained and updated website functionalities in collaboration with the CS and web development teams.
Key achievement:
Designed an SEO-optimized website for a SaaS company that increased traffic by up to 300% in a single quarter.
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Theory of mind - 1. it products. Mobile phones

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1. it products. Mobile phones
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bet | 24/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
Theory of mind - In the examples we have seen so far, we have identified machines that are intelligent to a certain degree, but cannot really derive much from their defined set of values or libraries. Theory of mind AIs are different in the sense that they will be able to socialize and understand human emotions. In other words, they will be able to better understand human behavior and interact with us just like any other human and not as a tradition learning machine. Theory of mind AI computers are currently in development by various companies around the world and as of yet to be built. The main contention for these type of AIs is that in order for them to be truly self-aware, they must understand emotions and be able to change as well as adapt to human behavior and interactions
Self-aware AI - Self aware AI machines are what most people imagine when thinking about artificial intelligence as seen in the movies. Machines built on a self-aware principle will be super intelligent, sentient and have a certain level of consciousness. The self-aware AI concept represents the holy grail of artificial intelligence, and we have yet to reach the level of technology needed to make machines truly self-aware.
Additionally, self-aware AIs also present moral and philosophical challenges as we continue to debate about what makes human/machine interactions truly reciprocal in action or influence.
When we talk about various types and forms of artificial intelligence, an average user might ask where should I begin? Luckily, there are tools specifically developed and designed for the purpose of teaching your AI. The most popular frameworks being used today are Tensor Flow and Theano.
Picture 12.2.
Both of these learning platforms are open-source and have their specific advantages and disadvantages depending on need. TensorFlow is more user-friendly and is currently used more often. Theano has recently lost some of its popularity but still retains a strong online community. Theano leads in usability and speed, but TensorFlow is better suited for deployment and therefore is used more often by researchers and data scientists. There are other frameworks that you can use depending on your need so its best to research all the available options and then select the one suited for your specific needs.
While these frameworks have their own respective libraries for deep learning, a popular way of improving them is to use Keras. Keras is a high-level neural network API written in Python and capable of running on top of both TensorFlow, Theano or CNTK. For more information about what Keras is and how to install it, you can review our Knowledgebase article on Keras.
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Iala guideline No. #### On Harmonized Portrayal of e-Navigation-related Information Edition 1 - bet 14

Markus Porthin
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Markus.porthin @vtt.fi
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Graphic display both as symbol, a standard wind barb and alphanumerical data direct in a chart gives the mariner real time wind speed and direction directly linked to a geographical position.
History fluctuation is easily spotted in a time series graph.
User defined settings possible.
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You still need to look at devise not integrated in the bridge equipment.
Or, if integrated, in i.e. ECDIS, when displaying the notice area other vital chart information might get cluttered.
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Some real-time information could be integrated in ECDIS to be shown on demand but more comprehensive information is better displayed on another screen.
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MY FUTURE PROFESSION   Picture 14.1

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MY FUTURE PROFESSION Picture 14.1
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bet | 28/30 | Sana | 19.05.2024 | Hajmi | 0,97 Mb. | | #243722 |
14. MY FUTURE PROFESSION Picture 14.1. Task 1. Study the given materials.
What is a CV?
CV stands for curriculum vitae, which is Latin for “course of life.” In some countries like India, South Africa and Australia, a CV and resume are interchangeable. However, in the United States and many parts of Europe, a CV is a detailed outline of your academic career and accomplishments.
What should I include in my CV?
Contact details - Include your full name, home address, mobile number and email address. Your date of birth is irrelevant and unless you're applying for an acting or modelling job you don't need to include a photograph. If you have a professional networking profile, website or online portfolio link to it within your contact details.
Profile - A CV profile is a concise statement that highlights your key attributes and helps you stand out from the crowd. Usually placed at the beginning of a CV it picks out a few relevant achievements and skills, while expressing your career aims. A good CV profile focuses on the sector you're applying to, as your cover letter will be job specific. Discover how to write a personal statement for your CV.
Education - List and date all previous education, including professional qualifications. Place the most recent first. Include qualification type/grades, and dates. Mention specific modules only where relevant.
Work experience - List your work experience in reverse date order, making sure that anything you mention is relevant to the job you're applying for. Include your job title, the name of the company, how long you were with the organisation and key responsibilities. If you have plenty of relevant work experience, this section should come before education.
Skills and achievements - This is where you talk about the foreign languages you speak, and the IT packages you can competently use. The skills that you list should be relevant to the job. Don't exaggerate your abilities, as you'll need to back up your claims at interview. If you've got lots of job-specific skills, you should do a skills-based CV.
Interests - ‘Socializing’, ‘going to the cinema’ and ‘reading’ aren't going to catch a recruiter’s attention. However, relevant interests can provide a more complete picture of who you are, as well as giving you something to talk about at interview. Examples include writing your own blog or community newsletters if you want to be a journalist, being part of a drama group if you're looking to get into sales and your involvement in climate change activism if you'd like an environmental job. If you don't have any relevant hobbies or interests leave this section out.
References - You don’t need to provide the names of referees at this stage. You can say ‘references available upon request’ but most employers would assume this to be the case so if you're stuck for space, leave this out.
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES

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ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES Pdf ko'rish
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bet | 11/12 | Sana | 05.06.2024 | Hajmi | 434,89 Kb. | | #260556 |
Bog'liq oquvchilar-ijtimoiy-faolligini-oshirish-ijtimoiy-zaruriyat-sifatidaACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723
Academic Research, Uzbekistan 502 www.ares.uz
O‘zbekiston Yoshlar Ittifoqi tashkil etilgan kun - 30 iyunni YOshlar kuni
sifatida e’lon qilinishi ham juda ramziydir. Sababi ushbu Ittifoq davlat organlari,
nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlar va fuqarolik jamiyatining boshqa institutlari bilan
davlatning yoshlar siyosatini amalga oshirishda samarali faoliyatni ta’minlaydigan,
«Yoshlar – kelajak quruvchisi» shiori ostida professional faoliyatni amalga
oshiradigan tuzilmaga aylanadi.
XULOSA VA TAKLIFLAR
Bizning fikrimizcha, ushbu shior shubhasiz tasodifan tanlanmagan - u
O‘zbekiston Prezidentining davlatning rivojlanish istiqbollari haqidagi strategiyasida
prinsipial yondashuvini ifodalaydi. Shavkat Mirziyoev asosiy e’tiborni yoshlarga
qaratmoqda.
Ta’kidlash joizki, mamlakatda ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotda yoshlarning faolligini
rag‘batlantirishga qaratilgan qator aniq chora-tadbirlar amalga oshirilmoqda.
Yuqorida aytib o‘tilganlar O‘zbekistonda yoshlarning ijtimoiy va siyosiy
hayotdagi o‘rnini kuchaytirish bo‘yicha yo‘nalish belgilanganini aytish imkonini
beradi. SHu bo‘yicha davlat va yoshlar tashkilotlaridan yoshlar tashabbuslarini to‘liq
qo‘llab-quvvatlashga alohida e’tibor berilmoqda. Bunga tayanib, O‘zbekistonning
rivojlanishidagi yangi bosqichda yoshlar alohida o‘rin tutishini ta’kidlash mumkin.
REFERENCES
1. Maxmudov, Q. S. O. G. L., Shayxislamov, N. Z. O. G. L., & Jo, B. B. O. G. L.
(2020). O ‘zbek va xorijiy tillarda antonimlar tavsifi, o ‘rni va ularnig turli jihatdan
tasniflanishi.
Science and Education
,
1
(Special Issue 3).
2. Juraboyev, В. B. (2020). Nemis tilini o'qitishda kommunikativ yondashuv.
Science
and Education
,
7
(7), 215-220.
3. Joraboyev, B. B. O. (2021). Using authentic materials on english
lessons.
Academic research in educational sciences
,
2
(2).
4. Joraboyev, B. (2020). Nemis tilida juft otlar va ularning o´ zbek tilida
ifodalanishi.
Science and Education
,
1
(Special Issue 4).
5. Журабоев, Б. (2020). Мотивированные люди для удовлетворения своих
собственных потребностей.
Academic research in educational sciences
, (3).
6. Juraboyev, B. B. U. (2021). Problems and solutions for online teaching and
learning of foreign languages.
Academic research in educational sciences
,
2
(Special
Issue 2).
7. Samarova, S. (2018). Forming Creative Vision of Person as Universal Method
Enhancing Creativity.
Eastern European Scientific Journal
, (6).
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES

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ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES Pdf ko'rish
|
bet | 10/12 | Sana | 05.06.2024 | Hajmi | 434,89 Kb. | | #260556 |
Bog'liq oquvchilar-ijtimoiy-faolligini-oshirish-ijtimoiy-zaruriyat-sifatidaACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723
Academic Research, Uzbekistan 501 www.ares.uz
Yoshlar ijtimoiy faolligini rivojlantirish muammolari bo‘yicha olib borilgan
turli sohalardagi tadqiqotlar mazmunini o‘rganish asosida quyidagicha xulosalarga
keldik:
1.
O‘quvchi-yoshlar ijtimoiy faolligini oshirishning mazmunini asoslash,
uning metodikasini ishlab chiqish pedagogika fani va amaliyoti oldidagi muhim
vazifa hisoblanadi.
2.
O‘quvchi-yoshlar ijtimoiy faolligini oshirish shaxs umumiy kamolotini
hamda jamiyat ijtimoiy taraqqiyotini ta’minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi,
bugungi kunga qadar yaxlit pedagogik jarayon sifatida tadqiq etilmaganligi
ta’kidlanadi.
3.
O‘quvchi-yoshlarning ijtimoiy faolligi ularning ijtimoiy munosabatlar
jarayonidagi ishtirokiga bog‘liq bo‘lib, shaxsning ijtimoiy borliqqa munosabatini
belgilaydi.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi ijtimoiy-siyosiy mustaqillikni qo‘lga kiritgan
dastlabki kunlardayoq mamlakat aholisi, shu jumladan, yoshlar o‘rtasida mustaqillik
g‘oyalarini targ‘ib etish, ularda istiqlolni mustahkamlashga yo‘naltirilgan ijtimoiy
faollikni qaror toptirish vazifasi kun tartibiga qo‘yildi. Bu boradagi vazifalarni
muvaffaqiyatli hal etishda ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonining roli katta.
Ilm-fan va texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi, global dunyoda raqobatning
ortishi sharoitida har bir davlat va jamiyatning bu jarayonda raqobatbardoshligi
asosida yoshlarning intellektual rivoji hamda ularning iste’dodi va qobiliyatlarini
to‘liq amalga oshirishga e’tibor berishga bog‘liq bo‘ladi.
SHuning uchun bu masala har doim davlatlarning uzoq muddatli rivojlanishini
ta’minlashga qaratilgan barcha strategiyalarda aks ettirilgan. O‘zbekiston
Respublikasining 2017-2021 yillarda rivojlantirishning beshta ustuvor yo‘nalishlari
bo‘yicha Harakatlar strategiyasi ham bu borada istisno bo‘lmadi. Unda alohida
bo‘lim davlatning yoshlar siyosatini takomillashtirishga bag‘ishlangan. U
O‘zbekistonning 10 million fuqarosi yoki mamlakat aholisining 31 foizini tashkil
etuvchi yoshlarga nisbatan davlat siyosatining samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan
bir qator ustuvor vazifalarni qamrab oladi.
SHu nuqtai nazardan, O‘zbekiston Yoshlar Ittifoqini tashkil etish zarurati
hayotning o‘zi tomonidan belgilab qo‘yildi, u tashkilotdan yoshlar hayotidagi eng
dolzarb masalalarni hal qilishni talab etadi, ayniqsa uyushmagan yoshlar hayotda o‘z
o‘rnini topishi uchun munosib sharoitlar yaratish, yoshlarni har tomonlama qo‘llab-
quvvatlash,
kasb-hunarga
yo‘naltirish va bandligini ta’minlash, ularning
tashabbuslarini rag‘batlantirish shular jumlasidan.
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Drones – Various Applications
4
equipment and take off with a load of up to 10 kg, as in other models. It has the
features of using the vehicles in automatic or manual
mode with products called
desk or vehicle terminal, which enable longer range operation outside the flight
control system and hand terminal, such as returning to the starting position
when it goes out of the coverage area, when the signal
is cut off or when the bat-
tery is about to run out (
Figure 3
).
• Octocopter: It is a type of drone with eight propellers. It is an advanced type of
drone that can take off with a load of 25 kg with its equipment. It is especially
preferred for heavily loaded works (
Figure 4
).
• Fixed-wing drones: Unlike rotary wings, they use wings like a regular airplane
instead of vertical lift rotors to provide lift (
Figure 5
).
In other words, they only
need to use energy to move forward. They are much more efficient as they do
not use additional power to stay in the air, so they can cover longer distances and
scan much larger areas. Gasoline-powered ones can remain in the air for 16 hours
or more.
The main disadvantage of a fixed-wing aircraft is that they cannot fly in one spot.
Depending
on their size, they need a runway or launcher to get them into the air.
Fixed-wing also makes launching and landing them much more difficult, as a runway,
parachute, or net may be needed for a safe landing again after the flight. Only the
smallest fixed-wing drones are suitable for manual launch and “belly landing” in an
open area. Other negative aspects are the high cost and difficulty of using
fixed-wing
Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
2. Features of drones

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Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
2. Features of dronesBog'liq drone3
Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
2. Features of drones
Drones, designed with a kite-like mechanical architecture and one engine placed
on its diagonal points, mainly consist of four basic components: propeller, engine,
body, and flight board. Drones, generally defined as 250 and 450 class according to
the distance between the two crossed motors, are classified as single rotor (helicop-
ter), multi-rotor (multicopter), fixed wing, and fixed-wing hybrid VTOL according
to their physical structures.
Single-rotor drones are small-sized helicopters and fueled or electric types are
available. Working with a single blade and fuel offers advantages such as increasing
stability and flying longer distances, but it also brings safety risks.
Multicopter are the smallest, lightest, and most widely used drones on the market.
Their flight distance, speed, altitude, and payload are limited. These drones, which
usually carry a light load such as a camera, are used for terrestrial observations and
determinations of up to 50 minutes of flight time.
Multicopters are divided into models with four engines (quadcopter), six engines
(hexacopter), and eight engines (octocopter) according to the number of motors.
The main factor determining the design here is the carrying capacity of the drone
and the required range; accordingly, the size and number of engines are determined.
According to the necessary range and control structure, there are many types of
drones, from hobby-purpose models with a range of 30–40 meters to professional
models with a range of 10 km+, together with the engine, chassis, and battery.
• Tricopter: It is a type of drone that can take off and land vertically and has six
degrees of freedom on the X–Y–Z axes. Its cost is lower than other options.
However, it is an important disadvantage that it is not symmetrical (
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Figure 6.
 
Fixed-wing VTOL drone.
     
7

Figure 6.
Fixed-wing VTOL drone.
7
Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
features such as large size, noisy operation, and combustion and explosion due to fuel.
Although hydrogen fuel cell drones have positive features such as using renewable and
environmentally friendly energy, higher energy efficiency than batteries, long flight
time, and short refueling, they have disadvantages such as excessive heat generation
and low operating efficiency. Solar drones, on the other hand, have low operating
costs and are lightweight but have limited flight time.
According to the motor type, drone types are divided into brushed and brushless.
Brushed motors are the type of motor used in recreational drones. Although these
engines are inexpensive, they require much maintenance. The larger the dimensions
of these engines, the greater their power. Most motors are not in direct contact with
the propeller. Brushless motors, being in connection with the rotor, reduce the need
for maintenance and increase operating efficiency. It has much higher power than
brushless motors. However, since this type of drone motor predominantly works with
alternating current, each motor must have an electronic speed controller (ESC) that
adjusts its rotation speed [3].
3. Main structural elements of drones
3.1 Frame
The drone body is the main skeleton system where all drone parts are placed
(
Figure 7
). The drone body can be compared to the chassis in computers. The
propellers, motors, battery, camera, and receivers fit into the fuselage and are
ready to do their job. It has an “X” style design with four arms extending from
the middle body. All other parts are in the body, especially the rotors, battery,
cards, and camera. If we compare it with the human anatomy, the body forms the
skeleton of the drone. F330, F450, and F550 models are the most preferred drone
bodies. The most important criteria in choosing these bodies are the ease of spare
parts supply, suitability of the price/quality ratio, and the performance it provides.
Despite its high price, the QAV250 fiber carbon material is another preferred drone
body because the carbon-fiber material reduces the possibility of breakage in case
of falling [4].
Figure 7.
Drone frame.
Drones – Various Applications
|
3.2 Propellers - Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (bkci)

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Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (bkci)Bog'liq drone8
3.2 Propellers
Also called rotor or blade, drone propeller comes in various shapes, sizes, and
materials. Regardless of their specific characteristics, all propellers are the basic
equipment that does not allow the drone to take off (
Figure 8
). The propeller is one
of the most sensitive parts of the drone and can be easily damaged as it needs to be
constantly replaced or installed. These parts, which can be easily dislodged, broken,
or corroded during the flight, must be checked. The propellers should be maintained
for a good and uninterrupted flight, and continuous preflight checks should be
carried out. Propellers are generally made of plastic material, and shaft and propeller
diameter are important parameters when changing.
3.3 Motors
The drone motor is the main dynamo that makes the propellers spin and provides
enough thrust for flight. They convert the electrical energy stored in the battery into
motion energy and enable the propellers to rotate (
Figure 9
). Motors, one of the most
important parts of the drone, are very important, especially for the drone to work
effectively. Removing dust and debris is necessary to prolong motor life and ensure
trouble-free operation. If the engine makes an unusual noise, it is time to check the
motor. Two types of brushed and brushless motors are used, which vary according
to their size, weight, and load. Brushed motors are preferred for lighter and partially
entry-level drones, and brushless motors are preferred for heavy and professional
drones. While determining the drone motor, size, work, and speed are important
parameters.
3.4 Battery
The battery, described as the heart of the drone, is the most important part in
terms of power generation and performance (
Figure 10
). The lithium polymer
or lithium-ion battery inside can easily supply propellers’ movement energy.
Drone batteries are defined as 1s, 2s, and 3s according to the number of cells in the
battery. Each cell corresponds to a voltage of 3.7 volts. In this case, 1-cell lithium
polymer batteries are preferred in light hobbyist drones, while 2- or 3-cell batteries
are used in drones that require higher voltage. They are not easily damaged, but
they can be discharged. For this reason, uninterrupted flights need to have spares
for batteries and propellers.
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Yadrоning qоbiq mоdеli - O ’zbekiston respublikasi

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O ’zbekiston respublikasi
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Bog'liq Sobirova Dilobar 1Yadrоning qоbiq mоdеli. Hаr bir nuklоn, qo’shni nuklоnlаrgа bоg’liq bo’lmаgаn hоldа, bоshqа nuklоnlаr hоsil qilgаn yadrо kuch mаydоnidа hаrkаt qilаdi.Tаjribаlаr shuni ko’rsаtdiki, yadrоning yopiq qоbiqlаridа prоtоnlаr 2,8,20,28,50,82 sоnlаrgа vа nеytrоnlаr 2,8,20,28,50,82,126 sоnlаrgа egа bo’lgаndа turg’un yadrо hоsil bo’lаdi. Yadrо qоbiqlаrning hоsil qilishdа Pаuli tаmоyilidаn fоydаlаnilаdi. Bu tаmоyildа bir-birigа o’xshаsh ikki zаrrаlаr bittа kvаnt hоlаtdа bo’lmаydi. Yadrо оrbitа bo’ylаb hаrаkаt qilishi bilаn birgаlikdа, o’zining o’qi аtrоfidа hаm аylаnаdi. Binоbаrin uning оrbitаl mоmеnti lh/2π gа tеng. h - Plаnk dоimiysi, I-оrbitаl kvаnt sоni. U nоldаn n-1 gаchа butun sоnlаrgа tеng. n-bоsh kvаnt sоni. Nuklоnlаr 22π burchаk mоmеntigа egа bo’lgаnligi tuuning spini s = tеng. Yadrоning to’lа burchаk mоmеntini «I» hаrfi bilаn bеlgilаnаdi. Mаssа sоnlаri juft bo’lgаn yadrоlаr uchun «I»-ning qiymаti nоlgа yoki birgа tеng. Mаssа sоnlаri tоq bo’lgаn yadrоlаr uchun I = , , sоnlаrgа tеng.
Bundаy bo’lishgа nuklоn o’qlаrining o’zаrо pаrаllеl hаrаkаti yoki qаramаqаrshi yo’nаlishdа аylаnishidir (41-rasm).
Misоl tаriqаsidа dеytеriy yadrоsini ko’rаmiz (Z = 1, N = 1).
I ning o’lchаngаn qiymаti birgа tеng. Sаbаbi hаr bir nuklоn spini 1/2, ikki nuklоnlаr bir xil yo’nаlishdа аylаnаdi (35-rаsm) vа vеktоrlаr yo’nаlishlаri hаm bir xil. Аl`fа-zаrrа yoki gеliy yadrоsi (Z = 2, N = 2) burchаk mоmеntigа egа bo’lmаydi. Pаuli tаmоyiligа аsоsаn ikki prоtоnlаrning spinlаri qаrаmа-qаrshi yo’nаlishi lоzim. Shu vаziyat ikki nеytrоnlаr uchun hаm o’rinlidir. (41-rаsm). n = 1 birinchi qоbiqdа to’rttа nuklоnlаr bo’lib, uning ikkitаsi prоtоnlаr vа ikkitаsi nеytrоnlаrdir.
Yadrоning tоmchi mоdеli bu mоdеl N.Bоr tоmоnidаn tаklif qilingаn. Yadrо kuchlаri qisqа mаsоfаlаrdа (10-15 m) tа`sir qilаdi, nuklоnlаr fаqаt o’z qo’shnilаri bilаn o’zаrо tа`sirdа bo’lgаnligi tufаyli yadrо siqilmаydi. Uning sirtidаgi zаrrаlаr, xuddi suyuqlik sirtidаgi mоlеkulаlаr kаbi, ichkаrigа kirishgа intilаdi vа bu bilаn sirt tаrаnglik kuchlаri vujudgа kеlаdi. Shuning uchun yadrо shаrsimоn shаklgа intilаdi vа xоssаlаri jihаtidаn suyuqlik tоmchisini eslаtаdi.
Birоq оddiy tоmchidаn fаrqli rаvishdа yadrо tоmchisi zаryadlаngаn bo’lаdi. Yadrоdа prоtоnlаr sоnining оrtishi bilаn elеktr itаrishish kuchlаri yadrоning turg’unligini tа`minlаb turgаn yadrо kuchlаrigа tеnglаshа bоshlаydi. Shundаy pаyt kеlаdiki, kаttа tоmchining enеrgеtik jihаtdаn ikki kichik bo’lаklаrgа bo’lingаni fоydаlidir. Yadrо tоmchisi ikkigа bo’lingаndа uning umumiy sirti kаttаlаshаdi, bungа mа`lum miqdоrdаgi enеrgiya zаrur. Yadrо bilаn to’qnаshgаn vа u birlаshgаn nеytrоn, bo’linish enеrgiyasini tа`minlаydi. Uyg’оngаn yadrо, ya`ni tоmchi аvvаlо dеfоrmаsiyalаnishi, cho’zilishi nаtijаsidа uning sirti kаttаlаshаdi. Birоr vаqt o’tgаndаn so’ng yadrо cho’zilib, itаrishish kuchlаri yadrоni ikkigа bo’lаdi. Bundаy bo’linish jаrаyonidа ikkitа yoki uchtа nеytrоnlаr hаm аjrаlаdi. Ulаr yadrоning bo’lishish jаrаyonini dаvоm ettirаdi .
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Author details - Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (bkci)

23
Author details
Koç Mehmet Tuğrul
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Eskişehir, Eskisehir
Osmangazi University, Turkey
*Address all correspondence to: kmtugrul@gmail.com
© 2023 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original work is properly cited.
Drones – Various Applications
24
References
[1]
Lutkevich B. Drone (UAV) [Internet].
2023. Available from: https://www.
techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/
drone
[2]
Floreano D, Wood RJ. Science,
technology and the future of small
autonomous drones (Review). Nature.
2015;
521
:460-466. DOI: 10.1038 /
nature14542
[3]
JOUAV. Different types of
drones and uses (2023 Full Guide).
2022. Available from: https://
www. jouav.com/blog/drone-types.
html#jouav-scrollspy-anchor-7
[4]
Michael S. Drone anatomy 101.
B&H The Professional’s Source.
2017;
02
:210-211
[5]
Akgüç B. FPV Camera Selection
for RC/FPV planes and Drones. 2023.
Available from: https://avdesodrone.
com/rc-fpv-ucaklar-ve-dronlar-icin-fpv-
kamera-secimi/
[6]
Petropoulos G, Carlson TN,
Wooster MJ, Islam S. A review of Ts /
VI remote sensing-based methods for
the retrieval of land surface energy
fluxes and soil surface moisture.
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth
and Environment. 2009;
33
(2):224-250.
DOI: 10.1177/0309133309338997
[7]
Maes WH, Huete AR, Steppe K.
Optimizing the processing of UAV-based
thermal imagery. Remote Sensing.
2017;
9
(5):476. DOI: 10.3390/rs9050476
[8]
Degondi P, Diez A, Na M. Bulk
topological state in a new collectively
dynamic model. 2021. Available
from: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/348803228_Bulk_
topological_ states_in_a_new_collective_
dynamics_model /citations
[9]
Wikipedia. Hyperspectral imaging.
2020. In Wikipedia. Available from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperspe
ktral_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCnt%C3%BC
leme
[10]
Corrigan F. Drone gyro stabilization,
imu, and flight controllers explained.
2020. Available from: https://www.
dronezon.com/learn-about-drones-
quadcopters/three-and-six-axis-gyro-
stabilized-drones/
[11]
Dogan F. Drone Technologies.
2022. Available from: https://www.
guvenlikyonetimi.com/dron-teknolojileri/
[12]
Claesson A, Fredman D, Svensson L,
et al. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones)
in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma
Emergency Medicine. 2016;
24
(1):124.
Available from: https://www.ncbi. nlm.
nih.gov/pubmed/27729058
[13]
Scalea J, Restaino S, Scassero M,
Blankenship G, Bartlett S, Wereley N. An
initial investigation of unmanned aircraft
systems (UAS) and real-time organ
status measurement for transporting
human organs. IEEE Journal of
Translational Engineering Health
Medicine. 2018;
6
:4000107. DOI: 10.1109/
JTEHM.2018.2875704
[14]
Daley S. Drone technology: What is
a drone? 2023. Available from: https://
builtin. com/drones
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Figure 8.
 
Propellers.
     
9

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Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
3.5 Flight control cards
This part, which provides the necessary controls by interpreting the signals from
various cards, sensors,
and receivers, is the drone’s brain. The flight control card is a
circuit board that enables the UAV to move through the sensor information it receives.
Sensors are just like a nervous system and are essential for boarding cards. It converts
received signals into action for setting
speed and direction, activating the camera,
and executing other commands. By combining many sensors such as the gyroscope,
magnetometer, and accelerometer with GPS, flight control
CPUs can use data about
the UAV’s status, speed, position, and direction to guide the vehicle’s flight and opera-
tion according to parameters. These operations are guided
by the settings determined
by the user before the flight. Other sensors also enable the autopilot to avoid obstacles
and collisions while operating. Autonomous UAVs,
on the other hand, can perform all
flight plans, including VTOL or runway takeoffs, in-flight maneuvers, and landing,
according to defined parameters (
Figure 11
).
Figure 9.
Motor.
Figure 10.
Power supply.
Drones – Various Applications
10
3.6 Power distribution board
PDB (Power Distribution Board), mounted on the Drone;
the circuit board
organizes the power connections of batteries, ESCs, and other onboard systems. It is
unnecessary for all drones but helps create a neat and organized drone (
Figure 12
).
In particular, it is responsible for power distribution from the flight battery to each
electronic speed controller for the drone control board. In some cases, the PDB is also
used to power components such as the camera,
LED taillights, and flight controller.
Electronic speed controller - Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (bkci)

11
Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
3.8 Drone controller and receiver
The drone controller is the tool for managing and directing the drone. The most
important feature of the remotes is the number of channels. The number of channels
should be as much as the type of command given to the drone. While 6-channel con-
trols are mainly used in drones today, this number can increase with accessories such
as cameras. A digital display on the controls is another feature that makes it easier to
use (
Figure 14
).
Receivers are like sensory nerves; they collect information (signals)
from external
sources (radio transmitters) and transmit them to the brain (flight controller). It is
Figure 12.
Multiple power control board used for quadcopter.
Figure 13.
Electronic speed control and controller.
Drones – Various Applications
12
the part that detects the commands from the remote control
and enables the drone to
move. Receivers using radio waves offer a very fast and uninterrupted transmission.
Typically, they use an integrated antenna that allows the reception of radio signals.
The receiver will have four channels to control the down, oscillation, acceleration,
and yaw. However, many receivers have auxiliary channels to perform certain func-
tions or trigger flight modes. Five or 6-channel receivers are generally the preferred
models [4].
3.9 Camera
Not all
drones have a camera system, but models offer additional options in-flight,
such as aerial photography, cinematic photography, or pilot’s eye view (FPV) flight.
As with drones, video systems are available in various models and
layouts when
considering drone uses and have their parts, such as the gimbal, video transmitter,
antenna, and FPV goggles (
Figure 15
).
One of the most important components in FPV (first-person view)
imaging is the
FPV camera. The FPV camera is mounted in front of the aircraft, and images from
the camera are transmitted to the pilot’s glasses or monitor. There are two types of
FPV cameras, analog and HD [5]. In these drones, the image comes first to the lens on
the FPV camera; the sensors capture the image and convert it into electrical signals.
These converted signals are sent to the video transmitter. When choosing
a camera,