nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Diskretlash nima? - 1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering

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1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering
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bet | 4/5 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 99,11 Kb. | | #118204 |
Bog'liq 1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering8. Diskretlash nima?
Diskretlashtirish (lotincha discretio - "ajratish", "tanib olish") - umumiy holatda - uzluksiz funktsiyani turli argumentlar to'plami bilan uning qiymatlarining diskret to'plami bilan ifodalash. Oʻzgaruvchi funksiya uchun f(x) uning qiymatlari n f(x0), f(x1) … f(xn-1) toʻplami bilan ifodalanadi. berilgan diskret qiymatlar toʻplami x0, x1… xn-1.
Signalni qayta ishlashda analog uzluksiz signalni uning qiymatlari to'plami bilan aks ettirish S(t) bu to'plam odatda namunalar S(t0), S(t1) … S(tn-1) deb ataladi. vaqti-vaqti bilan olingan t0, t1 … tn-1.
Umuman olganda, bir namunadan ikkinchisiga vaqt oralig'i har bir qo'shni namunalar juftligi uchun farq qilishi mumkin, lekin odatda signalni qayta ishlashda namunalar sobit va doimiy vaqt oralig'ida kuzatiladi. Keyinchalik bu interval namuna davri yoki namuna oralig'i deb ataladi va odatda T harfi bilan belgilanadi. Namuna olish davrining oʻzaro Fs=1/T tanlab olish tezligi yoki tanlab olish tezligi deb ataladi.
Analog signalga misollar audio yoki video signallar, turli o'lchash datchiklarining signallari va boshqalar bo'lishi mumkin. Keyingi raqamli ishlov berish uchun analog uzluksiz signallar birinchi navbatda analog-raqamli konvertorlar yordamida namuna olish va darajani kvantlash kerak.
Uning namunalarining diskret to'plami berilgan uzluksiz analog signalni olishning teskari jarayoni qayta tiklash deb ataladi. Qayta tiklash raqamli-analog konvertorlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladi.
9. Kvantlash nima?
Kvantlash jarayoni, Sath bo’yicha kvantlashda kvantlash oraligi kuyidagicha olinadi: ∆b=(xmax –xmin)/L L-kvant sathlar soni n=log2L - kvantlar soni
Kvantlash jarayonidan kurinib turibdiki oniy qiymatlar uchun olingan sathlarda xatoliklarga yo’l qo’yiladi. Bu xatolik quyidagi formula yordamida aniqlanadi.
E=∆b2/12
Kvantlash xatoligini butunlay yo’qotib bo’lmaydi, uni faqat kamaytirish mumkin. Kamaytirish usullaridan biri kvantlash oralig’i Δb ni kamaytirish mumkin, lekin bu usul IKM signallarda kodlarning razryadlar sonini oshiradi. Natijada IKM kengayadi. Ko’pgina hollarda kvantlash xatoligini yo’qotish maqsadida nochiziqli kvantlash amalga oshiriladi.Bunda signal oldin kompressor yordamida siqiladi, keyin teng qadamli kvantlanib qabul qilish tomonida ekspander yordamida kengaytiriladi.
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Segmentlash nima? - 1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering

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1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering
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bet | 5/5 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 99,11 Kb. | | #118204 |
Bog'liq 1. Fure diskret almashtirishi haqida tushuntirish bering10.Segmentlash nima?
Nutqni segmentlash - bu so'zlashuv, bo'g'in yoki fonemalar orasidagi chegaralarni aniqlash jarayoni.
Nutq signalining qisqa vaqtli energiyasi va noldan o’tuvchi nuqtalar soni nutq signalining asosiy parametrlari sanaladi. Bizga ma’lumki nutq signalining parametrlari qoida bo’yicha vaqt o’tishi bilan tez o’zgaradi, shuning uchun ham nutq signalini bir-birining ustiga tushmaydigan uzunligi 10-30 ms uzunligida fragmentlarga ajartib ishlov berish odatiy holdir. Nutq signali ushbu oraliqda stasionar holatda deb faraz qilsak, unda nutq signalining qisqa vaqtli energiyasini hisoblash orqali nutq signalidagi jimlik sohalarini olib tashlanadi. Signal energiyasining bo’sag’a qiymatini tanlash algoritmining moslashuvchanligi shundan iboratki, bu qiymatlar fiksirlanmagan. Ular qayta ishlanadigan signal energiyasi qiymatlaridan kelib chiqadi. Bundan tashqari signaldagi shovqin komponentalarini ham hisobga olish zarur. Signaldan jimlik uchaskalarini ajratish davomida ularning davomiyligini (uzunligini) ham hisobga olishmiz zarur. Diskret vaqtda signallarga ishlov berishda, signalning ikkita ketmaket qiymatida turli ishoralar mavjud bo’lsa, noldan o’tish sodir bo’lgan deb tushuniladi. Signalda noldan o’tish chastotasi uning spektral xususiyatlarining eng oddiy belgisi bo’lib xizmat qilishi mumkin. Bu qisqa polosali signallar uchun to’g’ri keladi.
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Application Compatibility Challenges

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Application Compatibility Challenges
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bet | 12/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
Application Compatibility Challenges
The enterprise computing environment is complex and heterogeneous. To realize the greatest amount of choice and value out of IT businesses benefit from having a large number of Independent Software Vendors(ISV) and System Integrators(SI) that create and support applications for the platforms they have. Added value comes when the same ISVs and SIs continue to invest in product development and support to lengthen the life, and commercial viability, of those platforms.
In a study Gartner did titled “Linux Operating System Technology: Prospective” dated March 2003 Gartner stated, “Even though applications are being ported to Linux, there is no guarantee that they will run on all Linux distributions. This is because each distribution may have a different version of the same library, making it difficult for developers to know which one to use when porting their application from one Linux platform to another. For example, Linux distributions often include different versions of libraries used to invoke standard functions and utilities, such as glibc, pthreads, libm Xt and ncurses. Applications compiled to run with one version, such as glibc 2.1, will probably not run under a distribution that uses a different version (such as glibc 2.0 or glibc 2.2). What is more, an application that requires one version of a library may overwrite an established library with a newer version that may be incompatible with established applications that rely on the former library.”
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International Data Corporation: Windows 2000 Server and Linux Server Operating Environment five-year total cost of ownership by Workload ($)

International Data Corporation: Windows 2000 Server and Linux Server Operating Environment five-year total cost of ownership by Workload ($)
Workload
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Windows
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Linux
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Windows Advantage
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Networking
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$11,787
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$13,263
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$1,476
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File
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$99,048
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$114,381
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$15,333
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Print
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$86,849
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$106,989
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$20,140
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Web
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$32,305
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$30,600
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-$1,705
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Security
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$70,495
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$90,975
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$20,480
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Data normalized per 100 users.
Source: IDC research paper: Windows 2000 verses Linux in Enterprise Computing
http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/migrate/unix/tco.asp
Although Linux appears to be lower in cost for Web servers than Windows, the report revealed that the Web servers studied did not include large-scale Web hosters, nor did it include Web pages as front ends for back-end line of business (LOB) or database applications, or any applications requiring integrated security. However, the Web server staffing cost was nearly 30% higher for the Linux platform than for the Windows platform. The lower TCO cost resulted in the difference on the cost of the software.
The most significant finding of the study was the significantly higher labor cost for Linux. Overall, Linux required almost three times more support staff than Microsoft Windows. Linux required more developers to support the network, servers, desktop, helpdesk, and applications development.
In addition to the IDC, a study by Forrester Research called “Linux is not ready for the Enterprise”, Jun 18, 2003 (source: http://www.forrester.com/home/0,6092,1-1,FF.html ), reveled that “while Linux is technically a very competent product, it still lacks the necessary maturity for a mission critical enterprise deployment. It does have a place as solution for small companies who, themselves, occupy cottage industries and where a handshake is all the contract you really ever need. In an enterprise, unfortunately, cost controls and solid policies that put the business first must take precedence and place Linux off the list of consideration, possibly forever, for many enterprises.” Rob Enderle, Forrester Research
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– Catastrophic- Immediate response goal

1– Catastrophic- Immediate response goal
System, Network, Server, or Critical Application down catastrophically impacting production and/or profitability.
Major negative business impact to customers, partners, or Microsoft. It is catastrophic in both Scope and Exposure
A – Critical – Immediate to 1 hour response goal
High-impact problem in which production, operations, or development are severely impacted; or where production and/or profitability will be severely impacted within days
Any issue that has a serious negative business impact to customers, partners, or Microsoft
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Windows 2003 Server Enhancements - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating...

Windows 2003 Server Enhancements
Summary
Microsoft Windows continues to provide industry-leading productivity features, better manageability, the ability to maximize existing investments and a clear vision for the future with the funds and commitment to deliver on the vision. The standard Microsoft Windows interface minimizes the learning curb of new applications by standardizing on common ways to accomplish specific tasks, regardless of the application. IT administrators benefit from the ease of deployment and manageability of Microsoft Windows with its built-in directory services and ability to lock down desktops. UNIX staff can easily become productive on Windows using familiar commands. And most importantly, the ability of Microsoft Windows to support key business scenarios without requiring major consulting and expensive, complex add-ons will boost the value of IT while holding costs down. All of these capabilities lead to business advantage for customers.
Many of the studies and analysis cited in this paper were against Windows 2000 Server and not Windows Server 2003. This section will cover the improvements made in Windows Server 2003 over the previous version.
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is a comprehensive, integrated, and dependable server operating system designed to help IT do more with less by reducing costs and increasing the effectiveness of computing operations. There is an edition of Windows Server 2003 to meet the needs of every size organization.
The core infrastructure services provided by Windows Server 2003 enable better server consolidation, identity management, and more secure network access than earlier versions of Windows Server. The foundation of these services is the high reliability, availability, scalability, manageability, and security enhancements that Windows Server 2003 provides. It is also easy to deploy, manage, and use.
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Addressing the Multitudes of Linux Distributions

Addressing the Multitudes of Linux Distributions
To achieve greater competitive strength and to address the problem of compatibility among hundreds of Linux distributions, second-tier Linux vendors SCO, Conectiva, Turbolinux, and SuSE created a UnitedLinux movement to make the different versions more compatible. Red Hat and MandrakeSoft have not joined the effort. This continuing lack of unity may possibly drive the various distributions of Linux further apart technically. It is still uncertain how vendors can generate revenue through differentiation without causing customers to be locked in to a single distribution as the kernel and surrounding middleware and utilities become customized (source: Broersma, Matthew. “Linux Vendors Stand Behind UnitedLinux.” ZDNet News.com, May 30, 2002. Available http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104-928518.html ).
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B – Urgent – 2 hour response goal

B – Urgent – 2 hour response goal
Significant Problem where production is proceeding, but in a significantly impaired fashion
Time sensitive issue important to long-term productivity, but is not causing an immediate work stoppage.
C – Important – 4 hour response goal
Important issue, but does not have significant current productivity impact for the customer - most common level
Critical issues causing LOB system downtime will follow a defined escalation path to include the development group that wrote the code, if necessary, to create a fix or patch and allow the customer to regain operations. This is the type of response a large commercial software development company can and must provide customers that are running mission critical systems on its operating system.
This highly responsive, effective, escalated support process is not possible with software developed by community effort. Even if the Linux distribution installed is supported by a reputable company such as IBM. The same guaranteed level of support is not possible, since IBM developers did not write the core code and the customer might have added in several addition components to the original distribution to provide the functionality needed. See additional information in section titled “The Truth about Security” about support challenges for Red Hat.
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The Bottom Line - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business:...

The Bottom Line
Microsoft believes there are inherent problems with the Open Source model of software development for the reasons outlined throughout this document. Innovation is difficult with a loosely affiliated group of volunteer developers, even with assistance from IBM and other vendors; there is no clear roadmap for the future direction of Linux, leaving customers with some uncertainty about their investment; and finally, the resource intensive work of rigorous engineering and integration falls outside the scope of the Linux community.
In addition to the development model challenges, Microsoft believes the acquisition and services costs of Linux must increase to enable the surviving players to gain financial stability. The price increase is likely to eliminate the acquisition cost advantage of Linux.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows - bet 22

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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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bet | 22/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
System Integration
Consider the graphic shown below. The graphic on the left shows what customers are telling Microsoft they want from an operating system platform. Of course, there’s the ‘kernel’ – the core of any operating system. On top of that are a collection of important services needed to deliver the basic functions of a modern network operating system, such as file services, web services, etc. Then, there are additional components such as data management services, development tools, and management products needed to build, deploy and manage enterprise-class applications. Finally, there are the applications or the solutions themselves. Most important, customers expect and demand that all of the “parts” are engineered to work as an integrated platform. When systems are fully integrated, there are numerous platform features that deliver benefit to the business such as single sign on between applications, a common management infrastructure, and consistent user interfaces between applications and other components.
The middle graphic shows that Windows Server provides a powerful kernel, a comprehensive and integrated set of distributed computing services and application frameworks. The Microsoft approach is to integrate both horizontally within Windows (i.e. between features of Windows) as well as vertically to the client operating system. Development tools and other applications that run on Windows delivering value-added integration benefits that save time, effort and money for an organization. Any application that is designed to run on the Windows operating system platform will see platform benefits such as single sign on, common user interfaces, and a common set of management tools. Windows Server is complimented by state of the art tools such as Visual Studio.NET, the industry’s leading database (SQL Server™) and a set of management products designed to integrate with, and extend the core manageability features of, the Windows operating system platform.
Ultimately, it’s Microsoft’s perspective that customers are trying to get to the same state, which is one of having a comprehensive and integrated environment that they can depend on – the choice they need to make is whether they want to pay a premium for services, additional software, and additional IT staffing, and custom coding to get there and maintain that state with the Linux/NCS.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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Avtomobillar tuzilishi, ularga servis xizmat ko’rsatishva ta’mirlash ishlari

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Avtomobillar tuzilishi, ularga servis xizmat ko’rsatishva ta’mirlash ishlari
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bet | 1/44 | Sana | 27.01.2024 | Hajmi | 3,83 Mb. | | #147300 |
Bog'liq Avto tuzi servis xizmat ko\'rsatish Abdulhakimov Sherzod
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI
JIZZAX VILOYAT XOKIMLIGI KASBIY TA’LIMNI RIVOJLANTIRISH VA MUVOFIQLASHTIRISH BOSHQARMASI
SHAROF RASHIDOV TUMAN 1-SONLI KASB-HUNAR MAKTABI
“TASDIQLAYMAN”
Sharof Rashidov tuman 1-sonli kasb-hunar maktabi direktori:
_________ G.K.Mamarahimova
“___”_____________ 2021` yil
AVTOMOBILLAR TUZILISHI, ULARGA SERVIS XIZMAT KO’RSATISHVA TA’MIRLASH ISHLARI
O’QUV AMALIYOTIDAN
(fanninig nomi)
O’QITISH MATERIALLARI
Tayyorlov yo’nalishi: Ер усти транспорт тизимлари ва уларнинг
эксплутацияси (транспорт турлари бўйича)
Kasb yoki mutaxassislik nomi: Avtomobillarni ta’mirlash chilangari
O’qitish materiallari: __________________________________
(ta’lim muassasi)
Pedagogik kengashining 2021 yildagi “1” – sonli yig’ilishida o’quv jarayoniga qo’llashga tavsiya etiladi.
O’qitish materiallari to’plamini fanlar kafedrasining 2021 yildagi “1”–sonli yig’ilishida muhokama etildi va ma’qullandi.
Kafedra mudiri: ________________ _________________
(F.I.Sh) (imzo)
O’qituvchi (ishlab chiqarish ta’limi ustasi) _________ Abdulhakimov Sh
2021yil
TO’PLAMNING MUALLIFI TO’G’RISIDA MA’LUMOT
Abdulhakimov Sherzod Bahrombekovich
Ma’lumoti: Oliy.
Mutaxasisligi: Avtotransport vositalarini ishlatish va ta’mirlash
Pedagogik ish staji: 8 yil
Ish joyi: Sharof Rashidov tuman 1-son kasb-hunar maktabi
Elektron manzil: Abdulhakimov Sherzod Bahrombekovich
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Enterprise Support and Services - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms...

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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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bet | 13/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
The availability of qualified professional support is an important consideration when choosing the IT platform. For the corporation, a viable software ecosystem provides affirmative answers to questions, such as, “Can we get help when we need it?” and “Can we get the services we need to deploy new systems to meet competitive pressures cost effectively?” Most importantly, is there a defined escalation process in place that guarantees I can get the fixes and patches needed for flaws in the operating system and related components in a time critical fashion.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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Conclusion - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business:...

Conclusion
Windows is a comprehensive platform, not just an operating system, which will continue to evolve as it has since 1990. Windows offers many useful features that increase productivity in the IT environment and to users on the desktop, giving corporations the agility they need to operate efficiently and effectively. Windows integrates well with other systems, including UNIX, as well as with other Microsoft products and offers an abundance of choices in business applications. Windows supports key scenarios out of the box, enabling rapid time to market with fewer services and less customization required. Emerging quantitative data indicate that Windows offers lower TCO in many situations. All of these features together provide greater value than Linux.
Partnering with Microsoft has value over the long term. Microsoft is a stable business that offers a network of support through its affiliates and partners, and educational support for IT. Vendor accountability and responsibility are important to the continued improvement of the product in areas such as security, performance, reliability, ease of use, and manageability.
Microsoft’s business model is to invest heavily in innovation and rigorous engineering processes to create the best business platform possible, offer it at a reasonable price, and surround it with an ecosystem of high quality applications, services, and training choices. Microsoft believes that Windows provides customers with a safe investment that will grow with them in the future.
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Key enhancements include - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms...

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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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bet | 47/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
Key enhancements include:
Shadow Copy Restore. Allows end-users to recover previous versions of documents without interrupting their work process. Once the Shadow Copy schedule has been established, (on a volume by volume basis), end-users can revert to previous, point-in-time copies of their files & folders.
MyDocuments redirection. Redirects the “MyDocuments” folder from a user’s local machine to a server.
Distributed File System (DFS). Enables administrators to assign a single namespace that provides users with a virtual view of logically grouped shares, even though they reside in different physical locations.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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Risks of “Mixing and Matching” Open Source Software

Risks of “Mixing and Matching” Open Source Software
The Linux operating system is a core set of functions that require additional application packages and services to meet the business needs of most customers. For example, transaction services (as required for systems processing airline reservations and financial activities) are not included. Customers requiring guaranteed transactions must purchase add-ons, such as BEA’s transaction processing monitor. For file serving, SAMBA is needed. Security services, such as Kerberos support, are also add-ons, as is an LDAP directory. While Linux supporters would point to the benefit of choice, decision-makers must bear in mind the consulting services, complexity introduced and additional time to market when piecing together software from multiple vendors (or the Linux community).
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Key enhancements include - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms...

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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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bet | 45/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
Key enhancements include:
Availability. Provides improved availability through enhanced clustering support for up to 8 nodes.
Scalability. Provides scalability through scale-up, enabled by up to 64-way symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and scale-out, enabled by clustering. It supports both 32-bit and 64-bit processors.
Manageability. Reducing day-to-day maintenance through automation is key to reducing operating costs. Windows Server 2003 contains several important and enhanced management tools including Active Directory and Group Policy, command line scripting support, and server configuration wizards to help automate deployment and simplify tasks.
Security. A secure computing infrastructure is a strategic business asset. As a leader in the computing industry, Microsoft is working to deliver secure products and to help its customers deploy and efficiently maintain them in a more secure state. A result of this commitment is Windows Server 2003 which enables businesses to provide more secure access anytime, anywhere, with any device, while helping to protect information assets against unauthorized access. Windows Server 2003 features a redesigned Internet Information Services (IIS), strong authentication protocols such as 802.1x and PEAP, and the common language runtime to create a safer computing environment.
Having a strong foundation enables businesses to deliver cost saving services while increasing the effectiveness and helping to improve the security of each customer’s unique computing environment.
Windows Server 2003 provides a powerful and integrated application platform that delivers both a stable and scalable architecture. It also lays the foundation in which applications can easily be developed and managed. Scalability and performance enhancements mean existing applications will run faster. Application services include the Microsoft .NET Framework, Message Queuing, COM+, and other application server options give developers and administrators an integrated toolbox that enhances productivity so they can quickly build connected solutions.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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Distributed access - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

Distributed access
F igure 5 below shows an arrangement in which the functions of the central location are limited to account administration. Access control is devolved to the access point.
Figure 5: Elements of distributed access control
The observant reader will observe that LI has become very difficult. The central function has no knowledge of when an account is active. Such arrangements could support a pre-pay service, or an account-based service using cryptographic tickets11.
Access protection Other issues Service areas
Typically, an access point will serve a large public area, such as a railway station concourse or a hotel lobby. Sometimes a number of physical access points will be connected and operated in such a way as to appear as, logically, a single access point.
A hotel might have an AP in the lobby, but also wish to offer serviced in-room to its clientele. Usually, this will require extra access points whose cost would be paid for from the increase in revenue which extra coverage brings.
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Distance issues - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

Distance issues
The access range between a mobile terminal and an access point will be somewhere between 100m, if there are few obstructions, and 30m or less in an urban environment. Within a building the range may be 10m, or less, if there are walls between the mobile terminal and the access point.
As the distance between a mobile terminal and its current access point increases, so, typically, the data rate supported by the radio link will drop. The sequence of link speeds defined for 802.11b is 11 Mbs-1, 5.5 Mbs-1, 2 Mbs-1, 1 Mbs-1, 0.5 Mbs-1.
Regulatory issues
802.11b and 802.11g both use unprotected and unlicensed8, but regulated9, spectrum in the 2.4 GHz ISM10 band. However users of this allocation have no rights of protection against interference from other users, and must accept any interference which is received. Other users of this spectrum include microwave ovens and Bluetooth.
The 5 GHz spectrum used by 802.11a enjoys a similar licensing régime.
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Key enhancements include - Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms...

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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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bet | 46/48 | Sana | 21.03.2021 | Hajmi | 0,88 Mb. | | #13319 |
Key enhancements include:
IIS 6.0. Redesigned with security, reliability, and performance in mind, IIS is locked down by default, now capable of process isolation and is over 100% faster in many cases.
Microsoft .NET Framework. By integrating the .NET Framework into the Windows Server 2003 application development environment, developers are freed from writing “plumbing” code and can instead focus their efforts on delivering business value.
Enterprise UDDI. Enables companies to run their own internal UDDI service for intranet or extranet use. Developers can easily and quickly find and re-use the Web services available within the organization. Support for existing services. Because XML Web services are deeply integrated into Windows Server 2003, existing services like COM+ and Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) can readily take advantage of them. Administrators can allow existing COM+ applications to be called using XML/SOAP by simply checking a configuration box.
User productivity begins with data. Windows Server provides the keys to data availability and integrity. Intelligent File Storage protects end-user data, eases access to complex networks, and provides a scalable storage architecture.
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Realizing the Potential—Partnering with Microsoft into the Future Evaluating Platforms for Business: Linux Compared to Microsoft Windows
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Prisotni: imena in priimki. Odsotni: imena in priimki. Dnevni red

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Prisotni: imena in priimki. Odsotni: imena in priimki. Dnevni red
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Sana | 23.07.2021 | Hajmi | 53,99 Kb. | | #15833 |
Vzorec - Zapisnik
ZAPISNIK
6. SEJE Karton, d.o.o., Celje, ki je bila dne 16. aprila 2000, ob 18. uri v sejni sobi št. 393.
Prisotni: imena in priimki.
Odsotni: imena in priimki.
Dnevni red:
Pregled planskih nalog i. tromesečja
Licitacija strojev
Razno
K točki 1: __________________ poroča, da proizvodnja brezlesnega papirja z novimi stroji lepo napreduje in je plan presežen za 9 %.
K točki 2: Zaradi nabave novih strojev predlaga ________________ prodajo starih strojev:
izsekovalni avtomat TEMPO, v vrednosti _____________ evrov
tiskarski stroj FENIKS, v vrednosti ______________ evrov.
Sklep: Proda naj se z objavo licitacije v dnevnem časopisju. Člani komisije, ki prodajo stroje so: imena in priimki.
K točki 3: Predstavnik komisije za inovatorstvo predlaga, da se odobri _____________ nagrada v znesku ________ evrov za postopek, ki ga je uvedel pri pakiranju brezlesnega papirja. Z novim postopkom prihranimo letno _____________ evrov.
Sklep: Inovator __________ dobi nagrado v znesku ________________ evrov.
Seja je bila končana ob 20. uri.
Celje, 17.4.2008
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Zapisnikarica
Predsednik
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Ime in priimek
Ime in priimek
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Channelisation - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

Channelisation
There are about a dozen channels defined for 802.11b, which also apply, in principle, to 802.11g. However, the sad truth is that the dozen channels only apply at very poor protection ratios. No more than half-a-dozen access networks can, realistically, simultaneously be active in the same geographic area at once.
The channelisation does, however, improve co-existence between adjacent networks.
As the link speed drops, the interference between adjacent networks also drops.
Registration
When a mobile terminal wishes to receive Wireless LAN service at a hotspot, it must first register with the service. The terminal communicates with the access point, which in turn communicates with the AAA functionality. Traditionally, this happens through a web page with encrypted access, although other methods could, in principle, be used.
After registration a terminal remains registered until a timeout expires.
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Handover - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

Handover
There is no standardised handover procedure between one access point and another. If a mobile terminal wishes to maintain its Internet access as it leaves one access point and comes in to range of another, then it must generally manage the registration procedures itself.
(This will be an issue for the future commercial success of Wireless LANs.)
F igure 2 below shows the typical arrangement of a centrally controlled access service. A backhaul network connects a number of geographically dispersed access points to a central location. At that location the AAA functions and Internet connectivity are provided. So that control may be provided over subscriber access, the arrangements do not allow direct access to the Internet from an access point. Instead, traffic is sent through the backhaul via the backhaul network. Such a network typically uses L2TP tunnels established through the (public) Internet, one tunnel set up per active user.
Figure 2: The elements of a centrally controlled 802.11 access service.
The observant reader will realise that LI is, in principle, easy to achieve at the central location where account information, activity information and the associated traffic are all readily available.
This arrangement may support the free access and paid access business models. If paid access is offered from federated networks, then the arrangement described above could be used with some extra complication relating to AAA, but with all traffic being backhauled to the central location.
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LI at a Central Location - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

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Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004
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Figure 7 shows the essentials of LI arrangements based around a central location. An internal intercepting function (IIF) intercepts AAA activity and en-clair traffic at the Internet access. The Lawful Interception Administration Function (LIAF) administers interception and controls the IIF in the traditional manner. In an alternative arrangement information relating to AAA activity may be sent directly to the IIF or LIAF rather than being intercepted in transit.
F igure 7: Elements of LI at a central location
The reader will notice that this is a very traditional LI solution for data services.
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Commentary - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

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Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004
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Commentary LI at each Access Point
Figure 8 shows the essentials of LI arrangements based on the provision and operation of an IIF at each access point. Note that the specific details will vary depending on the particular arrangements of access point and AAA functions and how these might be connected.
In general, there is an individual link between each IIF and the LIAF. There will usually be a link from the MF to central AAA functions, but the necessary information could also be retrieved from the access point.
The MF could be implemented with a single, centralised, instance or there may be as many MF instances as there are access points.
F igure 8: Elements of LI at the Access Point
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Central access control and federated access to the Internet

Central access control and federated access to the Internet
F igure 3 below shows centralised access control and federated access to the Internet. The essence of the arrangement is that access control is managed centrally, but Internet connectivity is provided by the federated network.
Figure 3: The elements of federated access to the Internet.
The observant reader will realise that LI has become more problematic. Identity information is held at the central location, but traffic between a mobile terminal and the Internet is dealt with by the federated network. Such traffic is never seen at the central location. Traffic may be seen by the federated network, though.
The feature of this arrangement as compared with figure 2 is that there is no backhaul to the central location. This would generally be cheaper than using such backhaul. A service provider is always under economic pressure to reduce the costs of operation.
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Coverage - Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004

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Etsi tc LI 06litd025 page of etsi/tc li#06 Povoa de Varzim, Portugal, 23-25 July 2004
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Coverage
Today, very few 802.11 networks offer broad coverage. Rather, the coverage is centred on a number of popular locations with gaps in between.
Lawful Interception
We start by reminding ourselves of the essence of LI arrangements. There are two general arrangements for LI of wireless LANs. These involve interception at a central location or at each access point.
Functional description of LI
The principal elements of LI arrangements are shown in figure 6 below. Two internal intercepting functions (IIF) are attached to the Internet access function (IIF (3)) and the AAA function (IIF (2)). A mediation function (MF), which includes handover functions, connects to each IIF. All of these elements are under the administrative control of a Lawful Interception Administration Function (LIAF).
The interface between an IIF and the activity it monitors may be active or passive. An active IIF might be implemented, uniquely in software, as otherwise extra functionality which makes and forwards copies of certain AAA activity to an MF. A passive IIF might be implemented using a classic sniffer. The comparison between these two approaches is not considered further in this document.
Within a wireless LAN there may be one or many instances of the MF. In general, there will only be one instance of the LIAF.
F igure 6: Elements of LI functionality in a Wireless LAN
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Što se smije kompostirati?

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Što se smije kompostirati?
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bet | 2/3 | Sana | 31.12.2019 | Hajmi | 250,75 Kb. | | #7118 |
Što se smije kompostirati?
Kompostirati se može sav biljni otpad iz kuhinje, vrta, voćnjaka i travnjaka. Kvalitetan kompost može se dobiti miješanjem što više različitog i usitnjenog biljnog materijala.
Otpaci iz vrta: pokošena trava, lišće, uvelo cvijeće, korov, stara zemlja iz lonaca za cvijeće, usitnjeno granje.
Kuhinjski otpaci: sirovi ostaci povrća, kora krumpira, ostaci voća, talog kave, ostaci čaja, ljuske jaja (usitnjene).
Ostalo: male količine papira, pepela od izgaranja drva.
Što se NE smije kompostirati?
Otpaci iz vrta: osjemenjeni korovi, bolesne biljke.
Kuhinjski otpaci: ostaci kuhanih jela , meso, riba, kosti…
Ostalo: velike količine novinskog papira, časopisi u boji, pelene, pseći i mačji izmet, izmet općenito, ostaci duhana, sadržaj vrećica iz usisivača, pepeo ugljena za gril (zbog sadržaja teških metala)…
Na kompostište nikako ne smijemo stavljati otpatke koji sadrže kemikalije, npr. stare lijekove, ulja, plastičnu ambalažu, bojano i impregnirano drvo…
Kako kompostirati?
Komposter postavite na sjenovito mjesto.
Da bi suvišna tekućina mogla otjecati, u komposter najprije položite sloj od 20-tak cm krupnijeg materijala (grančica, pruća…) usitnjenih do veličine palca. Zatim nastavite s odlaganjem pripremljenog biootpada.
Biootpad za kompostiranje pripremite tako da ga što bolje usitnite (do 5 cm).
Uvijek miješajte svježi, vlažni, zeleni biootpad (npr. kuhinjski otpad) sa suhim i drvenastim (npr. suho lišće, grančice, piljevina, male količine usitnjenog kartona, papira). Time osiguravate dobar odnos hranjivih sastojaka i optimalnu vlažnost.
U prvo vrijeme odloženi biootpad pospite vrtnom zemljom ili gotovim kompostom. To će pospješiti procese razgradnje.
Pokošenu travu prethodno ostavite da se prosuši i slažite u tankim sloju zbog opasnosti od truljenja. Vlažnu travu odlažite pomiješanu sa suhim materijalom, npr. suhim lišćem, usitnjenim kartonskim kutijama za jaja i sl.
Premalo ili previše vlage je štetno. Vlažnost možete provjeriti tako da iz sredine hrpe uzmete šaku kompostiranog materijala i čvrsto stisnete. Iz šake ne smije curiti voda, a materijal mora poprimiti oblik grude, tj. ne smije se rasipati.
Vilama povremeno izmiješajte i rastresite sadržaj kompostera kako bi se kompostirani materijal prozračio.
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\ Mavzu: Turli soxalar uchun mo’ljallangan super kompyuterlar va kompyuter tizimlari

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\ Mavzu: Turli soxalar uchun mo’ljallangan super kompyuterlar va kompyuter tizimlari
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bet | 1/6 | Sana | 22.12.2023 | Hajmi | 490,27 Kb. | | #127143 |
Bog'liq arxitek2turli xil \ Mavzu:Turli soxalar uchun mo’ljallangan super kompyuterlar va kompyuter tizimlari.
KOMPYUTER TIZIMLARI KAFEDRASI
MUHAMMAD AL-XORAZMIY NOMIDAGI TOSHKENT AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI UNIVERSITETI SAMARQAND FILILAI
Fan nomi: “Kompyuter arxitekturasi”
Reja:
KOMPYUTER TIZIMLARI KAFEDRASI
1. SUPER KOMPYUTER NIMA
2. BIZGA SUPER KOMPYUTERLAR KERAKMI?
3. NEGA SUPER KOMPYUTERLAR TEZ O'YLASHADI?
4. Taqsimlangan xotiraga ega massiv parallel kompyuterlar
5.Umumiy xotiraga ega parallel kompyuterlar
SUPER KOMPYUTER NIMA
KOMPYUTER TIZIMLARI KAFEDRASI
- Ko'pchilik uchun "kompyuter" so'zi birinchi navbatda shaxsiy kompyuter bilan bog'liq bo'lib, uni bugungi kunda nafaqat har qanday ofisda, balki ko'plab kvartiralarda ham ko'rish mumkin. Darhaqiqat, biz shaxsiy kompyuter har bir uyga kirib kelgan davrda yashayapmiz. Ammo shuni unutmangki, shaxsiy kompyuter kompyuter olamining faqat bir qismi bo'lib, u erda o'rtacha foydalanuvchi kirish imkoni bo'lmagan ancha kuchli va murakkab hisoblash tizimlari mavjud.
Superkompyuterlar maksimal unumdorlikka ega kompyuterlar hisoblanadi. Biroq, kompyuter sanoatining jadal rivojlanishi bu kontseptsiyani juda va juda nisbiy qiladi: o'n yil oldin superkompyuter deb atash mumkin bo'lgan narsa, bugungi kunda bu ta'rifga kirmaydi. 1970-yillar boshidagi birinchi superkompyuterlarning unumdorligi anʼanaviy Pentium protsessorlariga asoslangan zamonaviy shaxsiy kompyuterlar bilan solishtirish mumkin edi. Bugungi standartlarga ko'ra, na biri, na ikkinchisi, albatta, superkompyuter emas. - Superkompyuterlar maksimal unumdorlikka ega kompyuterlar hisoblanadi. Biroq, kompyuter sanoatining jadal rivojlanishi bu kontseptsiyani juda va juda nisbiy qiladi: o'n yil oldin superkompyuter deb atash mumkin bo'lgan narsa, bugungi kunda bu ta'rifga kirmaydi. 1970-yillar boshidagi birinchi superkompyuterlarning unumdorligi anʼanaviy Pentium protsessorlariga asoslangan zamonaviy shaxsiy kompyuterlar bilan solishtirish mumkin edi. Bugungi standartlarga ko'ra, na biri, na ikkinchisi, albatta, superkompyuter emas.
- Har qanday kompyuterda barcha asosiy parametrlar bir-biriga bog'langan. Yuqori unumdorlik va kam operativ xotira yoki katta operativ xotira va kichik hajmdagi disklarga ega universal kompyuterni tasavvur qilish qiyin. Shunday qilib, oddiy xulosa: super-kompyuter - bu nafaqat maksimal ishlashga ega, balki ushbu yirtqich hayvondan samarali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan maxsus dasturiy ta'minot bilan birgalikda maksimal operativ xotira va disk xotirasiga ega kompyuter.
KOMPYUTER TIZIMLARI KAFEDRASI
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VAŽNO: BIOOTPAD USITNITI – IZMIJEŠATI – KONTROLIRATI VLAŽNOST – POVREMENO RASTRESTI!

VAŽNO: BIOOTPAD USITNITI – IZMIJEŠATI – KONTROLIRATI VLAŽNOST – POVREMENO RASTRESTI!
Kada je kompost zreo?
Ovisno o vrsti i količini kompostiranog materijala te uvjetima kompostiranja, u roku od šest mjeseci do godinu dana od biorazgradivog otpada nastao je kompost. Zreo kompost je ujednačenog izgleda; grumenast, tamnosmeđe do crne boje, miriše na šumsku zemlju. U njemu se više ne prepoznaje početni biomaterijal, osim nekih teže razgradivih dijelova, poput koštica voća, ljuski oraha, komadića drva.
Nezreli kompost je svjetlije boje, kiselkastog mirisa ili miriše na gljive. U njemu se mogu naći ostaci lako razgradivih tvari poput lišća, ostataka povrća i sl. Takav kompost mora još neko vrijeme odležati. Najbolje je da ga preokrenete i ostavite da dozrijeva.
TEST ZRELOSTI:
Da bismo bili sasvim sigurni je li kompost dozreo, možete napraviti jednostavan test. U plitku posudu stavite malo komposta, zasijte sjeme koje brzo klija, npr. sjeme salate. Zdjelicu ostavite na svijetlom mjestu. Pazite na vlažnost (najbolje je vlažiti raspršivačem). Nakon nekoliko dana sjeme će niknuti. Biljke bi trebale niknuti ravnomjerno i biti svježe, zelene, pravilnog rasta. Ako sjeme u kompostu nije isklijalo ili su biljčice kržljave, kompost nije zreo i morat će još neko vrijeme odstajati.
Kako primijeniti kompost?
U proljeće ili prije sadnje ili u razdoblju rasta i razvijanja biljaka kompost pospite po tlu i po mogućnosti lagano izmiješajte s površinskim slojem zemlje. Kompost ne smijete duboko zakopati. Ako ga koristite za uzgoj lončanica i balkonskog cvijeća, obavezno ga u podjednakoj količini miješajte sa zemljom iz vrta ili s lanjskom zemljom iz lonaca. Tijekom cijele godine u lonce možete dodavati malo komposta.
Količina komposta koju upotrebljavamo u povrtlarstvu ovisi o vrsti povrća. Različite kulture imaju različite potrebe za hranjivim tvarima:
Velika potrošnja
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Srednja potrošnja
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Mala potrošnja
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kupus, cvjetača, rajčica, celer, krastavci, poriluk, krumpir…
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koraba, špinat, salata, repa, rotkva,
mrkva, cikla, češnjak, luk…
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grašak, grah, bob, začinsko bilje,
ljekovito bilje…
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4–6 l komposta na 1 m2
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2–4 l komposta na 1 m2
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1–2 l komposta na 1 m2
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Kompiyuterda saqlayotgan malumotlarniqanday xavfsizligi taminlanadi

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Kompiyuterda saqlayotgan malumotlarniqanday xavfsizligi taminlanadi
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bet | 1/18 | Sana | 10.02.2024 | Hajmi | 0,53 Mb. | | #154139 |
Bog'liq innformatika
8.kompiyuterda saqlayotgan malumotlarniqanday xavfsizligi taminlanadi
Kompyuterda saqlangan ma'lumotlarni saqlashni ta'minlash uchun bir nechta usullar mavjud. kompyuterdagi ma'lumotlarni himoya qilishga yordam berishi mumkin:
Parol yoki Kirish kodi: Kompyuterni kirish uchun parol yoki kirish kod bilan himoya qiling. Bu usul kompyuterni sizga yoki sizning ruxsatingizga ega bo'lgan kishilarga kirishga ruxsat beriladi.
Ma'lumotlar shifrlash: Maxfiy ma'lumotlarni shifrlash, ya'ni ularni o'qish uchun yaroqlilikli bo'lmagan holatda saqlang. Shifrlash, ma'lumotlarni ishonchli tarzda saqlashga imkon beradi va ularga hechsa o'qib bo'lmaydi. Bunday maqsadda, shifrlash protokollari va algoritmlari, masalan, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) qurilmalar.
Kimdir kelsa kirishning cheklanishi: Kompyuterni himoya qilishning bir qismi, kimsadir kelsa kirishning cheklanishi bo'lishidir. Bu yordamda, kirishda biometrik ma'lumotlarni (masalan, qo'llanma skanerlari, yuznerlari yoki yo'l bilan ulanish) amalga oshirish mumkin. Bunday usul kompyuterni foydalanish sizga tegishli xodimlarga kirishga ruxsat beriladi.
O'zgartirilmagan fayllar uchun o'qilishi mumkin. Bu rejimda, o' Uutlar mavjud bo'lmaydi va faylni o' Tuzilish uchun qo'llanishi belgilangan qo'llanmagan bo'lib ta'minlanadi.
Maxfiylik mumkin bo'lgan foyda va yangilashlar: Operatsion tizimga va dasturlargacha yangilashlarini o'zingizga qarab, kompyuterdagi ma'lumotlar himoyalangan bo'lishi mumkin. Bunday yangilashlar, xavfsizlik nutqini shifrlash, biror yuk tizimga yangi o' asboblarnilashning uni yaxshilash talabini qo'shish, tarmoq bilan ulanishni cheklash va boshqa usul orqali amalga oshirish mumkin.
Maxfiylikdan foydalanishdan ko'chirish: Kompyuterni tekshirish uchun xavfsizlikdan foydalanish mumkin. Bu, virus va zararli dasturlarni aniqlab, xavfsizlik skanerlari bilan xavfsizlik o'chirish, xavfsizlik choralari va yangilash shifrlash va boshqa tahlil tizimlari bilan birgalikda harakatni o'z ichiga oladi.
Yedeklash: Kompyuterda saqlangan ma'lumotlarni zaxiralashning muhim bir qismi. Yedeklash, ma'lumotlarni boshqa saqlash joyida (masalan, bulutda yoki harici diskda) nusxalash va bundan keyin, ma'lumotlarni yo'qotgan bo'lishi yoki zarar ko'rganida, ularni qayta tiklash qiladi.
Bu usullar kompyuterdagi ma'lumotlarni himoya qiladi, lekin 10% ta'minlanishga imkon bermaydi. Bunday holatlar uchun, qulayliklarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qurish, yangilanishlar va o'zgarishlardan ko'proq foydalanish.
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