nyuuzyou/kompy huggingface dataset:
Nazariy darajada - O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent Moliyа instituti R. Umarova...

O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent Moliyа instituti R. Umarova sotsiologiya o‗quv qo‗llanma Toshkent «iqtisod – moliya»
O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi t-fayllar.org
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar Bosh sahifa O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent Moliyа instituti R. Umarova sotsiologiya o‗quv qo‗llanma Toshkent «iqtisod – moliya»
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Savol va topshiriqlar - O„zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o„rta maxsus ta‟lim vazirligi toshkent Moliyа instituti...

28
8. E.Dyurkgeym va L. Gumplovichning sotsiologiya fani rivojiga
qo‗shgan hissalari nimalardan iborat?
9. Ch.X. Kuli interaksionizmi haqida nimalarni bilasiz?
10. T.Parsons ta‘limotini aytib bering.
Tayanch so„z va iboralar
Pozitivizm – empirik fanlarni haqiqiy bilimning birdan-bir manbayi
deb bilish;
Struktura – funksional tahlil-ijtimoiy tizimda
tuzilmalarni tashkil
etuvchi tizimlar va ularning funksiyasini ajratib ko‗rsatuvchi usul;
omma – ko‗pchilikning tasodifan bir joyda bir vaqtda to‗planishi;
elita – ijtimoiy tuzilmaning boshqaruv,
madaniyat fanni rivojlanti-
ruvchi oliy, imtiyozli qatlami;
ijtimoiy institutlar – kishilar faoliyatini tashkil etishning mustahkam
shakli;
so„fiylik – yagona Ollohni tan olishni va unga intilishni targ‗ib
qiluvchi, VIII-IX asrlarda Arab xalifaligida tarqalgan oqim;
zardushtiylik – Xorazmda eramizdan
avvalgi VII asrda vujudga
kelgan, yakka xudolilikka asoslangan din;
mitraizm – Eronda eramizdan avval I asrda paydo bo‗lgan, xudo
Mitraga sajda qilish bilan bog‗liq bo‗lgan din;
sotsiometriya – mikrosotsiologiyaning kichik guruhlarda shaxslararo
munosabat tarkibini o‗rganshi;
Parlament islohoti - Cho‘lpon nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi Toshkent — 2019 R. Farmonov, U. Jo‘rayåV, sh....

32
Inqilobning yakunlanishi. Angliyaning konstitutsion monarxiyaga
aylanishi. Parlamentning qarori bilan Angliyada
qirollik hokimiyati va
lordlar palatasi bekor qilindi.
1649-yili 19-may kuni Angliya Res-
publika deb e’lon qilindi.
Bu paytga kelib, O. Kromvel boshchiligidagi
inqilobiy armiya
Irlandiyani bo‘ysundirish uchun bu yerga bostirib kirdi. Bosqin jara-
yonida Irlandiya aholisining katta qismi halok bo‘ldi. O. Kromvelning
inqilobiy armiyasi shu tarzda bosqinchi armiyaga aylandi.
Bu armiya
Irlandiyadan so‘ng Shotlandiyaga ham bostirib kirdi. Shiddatli jang-
lardan so‘ng mag‘lub bo‘lgan Shotlandiyaning mustaqilligi tugatildi.
Shundan so‘ng eski parlament tarqatib yuborildi. Mamlakatda
O. Kromvel protektorati (
protektor – homiy, himoyachi) o‘rnatildi.
Ijro hokimiyati to‘liq protektor qo‘liga o‘tdi.
1688-yilgi «Sharafli inqilob». Kromvelning o‘limidan so‘ng
1660-yili taxtga kelgan Karl II mutlaq hukmronlikka bo‘lgan da’vo-
sidan voz kechmadi. Uning vorisi Yakov
II esa katolik dinini qayta
tiklash uchun harakat boshladi. Shundan so‘ng 1688-yili parlament
Yakov II ni taxtdan mahrum qildi va Angliya taxtiga Gollandiya
hukmdori shahzoda Villem van Oranyeni taklif etdi.
U parlament
qo‘ygan talablar asosida taxtga o‘tirdi. Shu davrdan boshlab, eng mu-
him
masalalarni qirol emas, parlament hal qiladigan bo‘ldi. Qirol
hokimiyati parlament tomonidan cheklandi. Shu tariqa Angliyada
Obscene material and applicability of Cyber Laws

1.12.9 Obscene material and applicability of Cyber Laws:
The LICENSEE shall ensure that objectionable, obscene, unauthorised or any other content, messages or communications infringing copyright, Intellectual property right and international & domestic cyber laws, in any form or inconsistent with the laws of India, are not carried in his network, the ISP should take all necessary measures to prevent it. In particular, LICENSEE is obliged to provide, without delay, all the tracing facilities of the nuisance or malicious messages or communications transported through his equipment and network, to authorised officers of Government of India/State Government, when such information is required for investigations of crimes or in the interest of national security. The licence shall be governed by the provisions of the Information Technology (IT) Act 2000, as modified from time to time. Any damages arising out of default on the part of licensee in this respect shall be sole responsibility of the licensee.
1.12.10 The use of the network for anti-national activities would be construed as an offence punishable under the Indian Penal Code or other applicable law. The networks cannot be used in such a manner as to endanger or make vulnerable a networked infrastructure. Acts such as break-ins or attempted break-ins of Indian networks shall be regarded as an anti-national act and shall be dealt with in accordance with the Indian Penal Code. ISPs must ensure that their services are not used for such purposes.
1.12.11 In case any confidential information is divulged to the LICENSEE for proper implementation of the Agreement, it shall be binding on the LICENSEE, its sub-contractors, agents and servants to maintain its secrecy and confidentiality.
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PART – III: COMPLAINCE STATEMENT - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

PART – III: COMPLAINCE STATEMENT
This company, hereby, agrees to fully comply with all General, Technical, Commercial and Financial terms and conditions of the Application Form, Guidelines and General Information on Internet Services and amendments/clarifications issued by the Telecom Authority, without any deviation and reservations.
The company, hereby, agrees and undertakes to fully comply with all terms and conditions stipulated in this Licence Agreement without any deviation and reservation.
Signature of the authorised signatory of the operating company (Licensee).
For and on behalf of M/s ____________________________________________
(Name of the Company)
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CHARGES FOR NETWORK RESOURCES - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

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Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications
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13.9 CHARGES FOR NETWORK RESOURCES
The LICENSEE shall also separately pay charges for network resources provided to the Licensee on licensee’s request by the BSNL/MTNL/VSNL/other licensed service providers at rates applicable from time to time.
CONDITION 14: SET OFF
Any sum of money due and payable to the LICENSEE under this licence may be appropriated by the Government or any other person or persons including contracting through the Government of India and the same may be set off against any claim of the Government or such other persons, for payment of a sum of money arising out of this licence or under any other licence made by the LICENSEE with the Government or such other person or persons including TELECOM AUTHORITY.
SCHEDULE ‘C’
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GRAMMAR
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the past simple

1. In the 1980s, my parents __________________ (listen) to hip-hop.
2. I __________________ (not go) to bed late last night.
3. We __________________ (not have) maths today because the teacher was ill.
4. My best friend __________________ (buy) a new jumper yesterday.
5. My brother __________________ (not meet) his friends because it was really cold.
6. All my friends __________________ (wear) smart clothes to the party.
7. I wanted to buy a new pair of jeans but I __________________ (not like) any of them.
8. When we went on holiday, I __________________ (use) my sunglasses every day.
Choose the right words to complete the sentences.
4. Read the conversations and complete the questions. Write one word in each space.
1.
A: Where ________ you ________ yesterday?
B: I went to the beach.
2.
A: What sports ________ you and your friends ________ on Saturday?
B: We played football and tennis.
3.
A: ________ you ________ TV last night?
B: Yes, I did. I watched a film.
4.
A: ________ you ________ David at the weekend?
B: No, I didn’t see anyone.
5.
A: What ________ your brother ________ for his birthday?
B: He got some clothes, a new game and some money.
6.
A: How many photos ________ your dad ________?
B: I think he took about 100!
7.
A: ________ Gareth ________ you his new sweatshirt?
B: No, he didn’t but he showed me his new sunglasses – they’re cool!
8.
A: What ________ you ________ to your teacher when she left your school?
B: We gave her a top with our photo on it.
Number of correct answers: _________
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences

6. After winning the match, my sister felt very proud of
herself /
himself.
7. When they finished all their exams, my classmates bought
myself /
themselves an ice cream.
8. Be careful! Don’t cut
yourself /
myself with that knife.
GRAMMAR
Choose the correct words to complete the text.
It was Sunday afternoon and my friends and I (1)
felt /
were feeling bored so we (2)
decided /
was deciding to go cycling. We (3)
rode /
were riding down the hill when I saw a small box.
My friend Jack (4)
looked /
was looking inside the box and found about €300. We (5)
didn’t
know /
wasn’t knowing what to do. I (6)
held /
was holding the money when two police officers
(7)
arrived /
were arriving. We gave them the money. Two weeks later, I (8)
got /
was getting
a letter. It said ‘Thanks for returning my money. Here’s €50 for you and your friends.’
Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs.
1. The thief took the necklace and then he ______________________ (run) towards the trees.
2. We ______________________ (have) fun at the beach when it started raining.
3. My friends ______________________ (not play) cards when the teacher came in.
4. I ______________________ (score) a goal in the last two minutes and we won the match.
5. While my dad was living in France, he ______________________ (teach) himself French.
6. My sister was feeling ill so she ______________________ (not play) squash after school.
7. It was lunchtime and we ______________________ (have) lunch at school.
8. I didn’t hear my phone so I ______________________ (not answer) it.
Number of correct answers: _________
INTERNET TELEPHONY SERVICE - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

1.14 INTERNET TELEPHONY SERVICE.
1.14.1 Internet Telephony is a service to process and carry voice signals offered through public Internet by use of Personal Computer (PC) or IP based Customer Premises Equipments (CPE) connecting the following :
(a) PC to PC ; within or outside India
(b) PC in India to Telephone outside India
(c ) IP based H.323/SIP Terminals connected directly to ISP nodes to
similar Terminals; within or outside India.
1.14.2 Internet Telephony is a different service in its scope, nature and kind from real
time voice service as offered by other licensed operators like BSO CMSO, NLDO, ILDO and PMRTS.
1.14.3 Except whatever is described in condtions 1.14.1 and 1.14.2 herein above, no
other form of Internet Telephony is permitted.
1.14.4. Addressing scheme for Internet telephony shall only conform to IP addressing
Scheme of Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) exclusive of National numbering Scheme / plan applicable to subscribers of Basic/cellular telephone Service.
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2 - English 10 Date

GRAMMAR
Read the conversations and choose the correct words.
1.
A: Have you had lunch
yet /
just?
B: Yes I have. I had chicken and salad.
2.
A: You look exhausted! Why?
B: I’ve
just /
already been jogging.
3.
A: Are you having fun in India?
B: Yes! We’ve
already /
yet visited the
Taj Mahal.
4.
A: Would you like to go to the cinema
later?
B: Sorry, I can’t. I haven’t done my
homework
already /
yet.
5.
A: Can you tidy your room please?
B: I’ve
already /
yet done it. I did it this
morning.
6.
A: Have you
already /
just bought those
boots?
They’re look brand new.
B: Yes, I have. They were on special offer.
7.
A: Do you want to go shopping? The
new department store is open.
B: No thanks. I’ve
just /
yet been there
with my mum. It’s too crowded for me.
8.
A: It’s 20th January and it hasn’t snowed
yet /
already.
B: Yes, that’s really strange.
Write complete sentences in the present perfect and just, already and yet.
1. I’m feeling proud. I / run / a half marathon. (just)
____________________________________________________________
2. I can’t eat anything else. I / eat / two burgers, some chips and a large piece of cake. (already)
____________________________________________________________
3. My cousin’s disappointed. She / fail / her driving test again. (just)
____________________________________________________________
4. My friends are really lazy. It’s midday and they / not get up. (yet)
____________________________________________________________
5. It’s grandma’s birthday. You / phone / her ? (yet)
____________________________________________________________
6. My parents are in the USA. They / see / New York, Boston and Washington DC.
____________________________________________________________
7. These shoes are uncomfortable because I / buy / them. (just)
____________________________________________________________
8. No need to call the waiter. I / order / our food.
____________________________________________________________
Number of correct answers: _________
CONDITION 4: COMPLAINT – BOOKING AND TREATMENT

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CONDITION 4: COMPLAINT – BOOKING AND TREATMENT
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CONDITION 4: COMPLAINT – BOOKING AND TREATMENT
4.1 The LICENSEE shall be responsive to the complaints lodged by his subscribers. He shall rectify the defects within the MTTR specified.
4.2 The LICENSEE shall equip himself with adequate system to deal with the complaints from his subscribers, test the part of the equipment and external plant wherever relevant, and take necessary corrective measures to bring the faulty elements back into satisfactory operation. It shall maintain the history sheets for each installation, statistics and analysis on the overall maintenance status.
4.3 The Licensee shall log all complaints reported by his subscribers chronologically and with details of action taken on the same.
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Engineering details - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

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Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications
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8.3 Engineering details:
The LICENSEE shall furnish complete technical details including traffic for proper engineering, planning and dimensioning of the interconnect equipment at the network – network interface (NNI).
8.4 The Licensee shall make available all the billing details of any subscriber on demand by Telecom Authority for up to one year.
8.5 The Licensee shall provide to the Licensor on regular basis the volume of Internet Telephony traffic flowing through his network.
CONDITION 9: EXTENSION OF LICENCE:
This licence is valid initially for a period of FIFTEEN YEARS unless terminated earlier. If requested by the LICENSEE, extension may be granted by the LICENSOR at suitable terms for a period of five years or more at a time. The decision of the LICENSOR shall be final in the matter. The LICENSOR shall extend or refuse extension of the licence on a request received by it. Such request for extension may be made during 14th year of Licence and in any case before expiry of 14 years from effective date. If no request for extension is received by then, the licence shall automatically stand terminated as per due date.
The licence will ordinarily be renewed on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the LICENSOR.
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Complete the sentences with these words

station.
6. We’ll have a few hours to __________________ the city tomorrow morning.
7. I’d like to be at the beach by 10 so let’s __________________ at 8 am.
8. I can __________________ you __________________ from the airport in my car if you like.
GRAMMAR
Complete the conversation with the correct form of be going to and the verbs in brackets.
A: I’m really looking forward to our trip to Paris. We (1) _______________________ (have) a
lot of fun.
B: What (2) ____________ you _______________________ (do) there?
A: I (3) _______________________ (not go) shopping with my sister and mum, I (4)
_______________________ (climb) the Eiffel Tower.
B: (5) ____________ you _______________________ (drive) there?
A: No, we aren’t. We (6) _______________________(travel) by train. Dad says it’s much
more comfortable than the car.
B: When (7) ____________ you _______________________ (get) back?
A: We (8) _______________________ (not return) until next Wednesday.
Write complete sentences in the present continuous.
1. On Monday / I / play football. _________________________________________________
2. On Tuesday morning / my mum / fly / to Rome. ___________________________________
3. I / not go / to school on Wednesday. ___________________________________________
4. My friends / take part / in a photo competition on Thursday.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. My best friend / not meet / me on Friday afternoon. ________________________________
6. My parents / get together / with their friends on Saturday.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. My sister / go windsurfing / on Sunday. __________________________________________
8. I / study / for an exam on Sunday afternoon. ______________________________________
Number of correct answers: _________
CONDITION 13: FINANCIAL CONDITIONS

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CONDITION 13: FINANCIAL CONDITIONS
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CONDITION 13: FINANCIAL CONDITIONS
13.1 TARIFF: LISENSEE will be free to fix its own tariff to be charged from subscriber. The tariff shall be left open to be decided by market forces. The licensee company shall intimate the Telecom Authority, the tariff for the service to be charged from its subscribers and any changes thereof. However, the TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) may review and fix a tariff at any time during the validity of the licence which scale of tariff shall be binding on the Licensee.
13.2 OWNERSHIP OF THE CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT: The provision of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) at subscriber’s premises shall be responsibility of the subscriber.
13.3 THE COMMUNICATION RESOURCES & OTHER SUPPORT FACILITIES: LICENSEE will have to make its own arrangement for all infrastructure involved in providing the SERVICE. However, the charges for any communication resources required for the purpose of networking and delivery of Internet Traffic to the upstream network access provider, i.e., BSNL/MTNL/VSNL/ or other licensed service provider on the request of the LICENSEE will be at the rates fixed by the BSNL/MTNL/VSNL or other licensed service provider from time to time.
13.4 The LICENSEE shall be bound by the terms and conditions of the licence granted as well as by such regulations and instructions as are issued by the LICENSOR and/or its successors from time to time.
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PERFORMANCE BANK GUARANTEE(PBG) - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

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Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications
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13.6 PERFORMANCE BANK GUARANTEE(PBG):
A performance bank guarantee of Rs. 2.00 crores for category ‘A’ Service Area, Rs. 20.00 lakhs for each category ‘B’ Service Area and Rs. 3.00 lakhs for each category ‘C’ Service Area valid for two years from any Scheduled Bank in the prescribed form (Schedule ‘D’ of the draft Licence Agreement) shall be submitted alongwith the application for each service area. The licensee will be liable to extend the validity of Performance Bank Guarantee two months prior to its date of expiry on its own without demand from the Licensor for a further period of one year on year to year basis. On any failure to do so which failures shall amount to the breach of this Licence, the performance bank guarantee will be encashed without giving any notice. This is without prejudice to any other action that may be taken under the terms and conditions of the licence.
13.7 LICENSOR, without prejudice to its rights to any other remedies, is free to encash the Performance Bank Guarantee in part or in full, in case of any breach of terms and conditions of the licence by the LICENSEE including non-payment of licence fee etc.
13.8 Breach or non-fulfilment of licence conditions may come to the notice of the LICENSOR through complaints or as part of regular monitoring. Wherever considered necessary, LICENSOR will conduct an inquiry to determine whether there has been any breach of the terms and conditions of the licence. The LICENSEE will be given an opportunity of hearing before any action adverse to his interest is taken.
The LICENSOR shall decide in each case the penalty to be levied for any breach of the terms and conditions of the Licensce. If the penalty is not discharged or complied with , the LICENSOR has the right to encash, in part or in full, the Performance Bank Guarantees.
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CONDITION 5: RIGHT TO INSPECT - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

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Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications
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CONDITION 5: RIGHT TO INSPECT
The LICENSOR, or its authorised representative shall have the right to inspect the internet nodes set up by the Licensee to give service to his subscribers. The LICENSOR shall, in particular but not limited to, have the right to have access to leased lines, junctions, terminating interfaces, hardware/software, memories of semiconductor, magnetic and optional varieties, wired options, distribution frames, and to enter into dialogue with the system through Input/output devices or terminals. The LICENSEE will provide the necessary facilities for continuous monitoring of the same, if required by the LICENSOR or its authorised representative(s). The LICENSOR will ordinarily carry out inspection after reasonable notice except in circumstances where giving such a notice will defeat the very purpose of the inspection.
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CONDITION 11: DISPUTES WITH OTHER PARTIES

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CONDITION 11: DISPUTES WITH OTHER PARTIES
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CONDITION 11: DISPUTES WITH OTHER PARTIES
11.1 In the event of any dispute of the LICENSEE with any other service provider or any party other than licensor due to any reason whatsoever, the dispute will be sorted out among themselves and LICENSOR will have no liability in any manner. However, in case of dispute arising with other parties due to non-observance of rules and regulations by the LICENSEE as provided in this licence, the LICENSOR will have full powers to take any action against licensee as is provided in the relevant clauses of this licence. The LICENSEE undertakes to indemnify LICENSOR in respect of any action against LICENSOR for acts of commission or omission on the part of the LICENSEE, its agents and servants.
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S:Psixika turmush tarzi bilan belgilanishi va turmush tarzi o’zgarishlariga qarab o’zgarishi psixologiya fanining qaysi printsipiga xos?

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S:Psixika turmush tarzi bilan belgilanishi va turmush tarzi o’zgarishlariga qarab o’zgarishi psixologiya fanining qaysi printsipiga xos?
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Bog'liq Умумий психология фанидан тест саволлариS:Psixika turmush tarzi bilan belgilanishi va turmush tarzi o’zgarishlariga qarab o’zgarishi psixologiya fanining qaysi printsipiga xos?
+: Determnizm printsipi
-: Ong va faoliyat birligi
-: Psixika va ongning faoliyatda rivojlanishi
-: Psixikani tadqiq etish insonning ongli faoliyatini o’rganishdir
I:
S:Ong bilan faoliyat bir-biriga qarama-qarshi emas, lekin ular bir-biriga aynan o’xshash ham emas, ammo birlikni tashkil etadi. Bu psixologiya fanning qaysi printsipini ifodalaydi?
+: Ong va faoliyat birligi
-:Determnizm printsipi
-: Psixika va ongning faoliyatda rivojlanishi
-: Psixikani tadqiq etish insonning ongli faoliyatini o’rganishdir
I:
S:Psixika agar faoliyat samarasi va rivojlanishi mahsuli sifatida qaraladigan bo’lsagina, u to’g’ri tushunilishi mumkin. Bunda psixologiya fanining qaysi printsipi nazarda tutilyapti?
+: Psixika va ongning faoliyatda taraqqiy etishi
-: Ong va faoliyat birligi
-:Determnizm printsipi
-: Psixikani tadqiq etish insonning ongli faoliyatini o’rganishdir
I:
S:…… yuksak darajada tashkil topgan materi, ya’ni miyaning xossasi bulib, bu xossa ob’ektiv borlikni, sub’ektiv aks ettirishdan iborat. Nuqtalar o’rniga kerakli so’zni qo’ying?
+: Psixika
-: Faoliyat
-:Ong
-: Xulq-atvor
I:
S:Psixika kim va nimalarga xosdir?
+: Ham inson, ham hayvonlarga
-: Hayvonlarga
-:Faqat insonga
-: Inson, hayvon, o’simliklarga
I:
S:Organizmning tashki ta’siriga konuniy javob reaktsiyasi bu…
+: Refleks
-: Tormozlanish
-: Qo’zgalish
-: Induktsiya
I:
S:Hayot davomida ko’pdan ko’p ta’sirlarga shartli reflekslarning hosil bo’lishi va buni bir necha marta qaytarilib avtomatlashishi, ya’ni bir necha shartli refleks ketma-ket tarzda, avtomatik ravishda sodir bo’lishi oliy nerv faoliyatining qaysi qonuniyati?
+: Dinamik steriotip
-: Tormozlanish
-: Irradatsiya
-:Qo’zg’olish
I:
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Bosh sahifa
Aloqalar
Bosh sahifa
S:Psixika turmush tarzi bilan belgilanishi va turmush tarzi o’zgarishlariga qarab o’zgarishi psixologiya fanining qaysi printsipiga xos?
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-yili hokimiyatga kelgan Yelizaveta I

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-yili hokimiyatga kelgan Yelizaveta IBog'liq jahon tarixi 8 uzb1558-yili hokimiyatga kelgan Yelizaveta I
o‘zining 45 yillik hukmronligi davrida Angliya-
ning jadal rivojlanishi, dunyoning yetakchi
davlatiga aylanishiga katta hissa qo‘shdi. Mam-
lakatda Reformatsiya o‘z nihoyasiga yetdi.
Davlat qudratli bo‘ldi, xo‘jalikni rivojlantirishda
va dengiz savdosida muvaffaqiyatlarga erishildi.
Angliya asta-sekin kuchli dengiz davlati –
«dengizlar malikasi»ga aylandi.
1603-yili Yelizaveta I ning o‘limi bilan tyu-
dorlar sulolasi yakun topdi. Shundan so‘ng
Angliya taxtiga styuartlar sulolasidan bo‘lgan
Yakov I o‘tirdi. Styuartlar shotlandiyalik edi. Uning davrida absolu-
tizmning inqirozi kuchaydi, burjua inqilobi uchun iqtisodiy, siyosiy
va g‘oyaviy asoslar shakllandi. Bularning barchasi 1640-yili bosh-
langan Angliya burjua inqilobiga muqaddima bo‘ldi.
Angliya burjua inqilobi arafasida. Yangi, kapitalistik muno-
sabatlarga asoslangan tartiblarning o‘rnatilishida ingliz burjua inqilobi
katta ahamiyatga ega bo‘ldi. Bu inqilob faqat Angliyada emas, butun
Yevropada kapitalistik munosabatlarning hukmron tartibga aylanishi-
ni boshlab berdi. Bu davrda faol tashqi siyosat natijasida bo‘lg‘usi
Britaniya mustamlakachilik imperiyasining asoslari yaratildi. Ameri-
kadagi birinchi mustamlaka – Virjiniyaga asos solindi. Fanda Frensis
Bekon, adabiyotda Uilyam Shekspir singari arboblarning nomlari
butun dunyoga mashhur bo‘ldi.
Inqilobning sabablari. Kapitalistik munosabatlarning rivojlanishi va
Reformatsiya natijasida ingliz jamiyatida bo‘linish yuz berdi. Yangi
zodagonlar kapitalizm rivojlanishidan manfaatdor bo‘lsa, qirol va
amaldorlar eski tartiblarning saqlanib qolishini istardi. Shunday sha-
roitda styuartlarning yangi qirollik sulolasi ingliz parlamenti va pu-
ritanlik (kalvinistlar Angliyada shunday atalgan) cherkoviga qarshi
kurashga kirishib ketdi. Vujudga kelgan qarama-qarshiliklar inqilob-
ning asosiy sababiga aylandi.
1603-yilda ...
1640-yilda ...
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Suvni yutish - Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi

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Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi
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bet | 2/6 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 120,02 Kb. | | #262087 |
Bog'liq Isaqjonov Sardor mustaqil ish Suvni yutish - Suvni yutish - suv bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri aloqada bo'lgan materialning singishi va uni teshiklarida ushlab turish xususiyati. Suvning yutilishi material hajmining suv bilan to'ldirish darajasi (Wo hajmiga ko'ra suvning yutilishi) yoki so'rilgan suv miqdorining quruq material massasiga nisbati bilan ifodalanadi. Turli materiallarning suvni yutishi keng chegaralarda (og'irlik bo'yicha%):
- Granit 0,002 ,,,1 ;
- Zich og’ir beton 2 ,,, 5 ;
- Sopol g’isht 8 ,,, 25 ;
- asbest -sement presslangan tekis plitalar - 18 tadan ko'p emas;
- issiqlik izolyatsiya materiallari 100 va undan ko'p.
Juda g'ovakli materiallarda suvning massa orqali singishi g'ovaklikdan oshib ketishi mumkin, lekin suvning hajmi bo'yicha yutilishi har doim g'ovaklikdan past bo'ladi, chunki suv juda kichik teshiklarga kirmaydi va juda katta teshiklarda saqlanmaydi. Zich materiallarning (po'lat, shisha, bitum) suvga singishi nolga teng. Suvning singishi materiallarning boshqa xususiyatlariga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi: mustahkamlik va sovuqqa chidamlilik pasayadi, material shishib ketadi, issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi oshadi va zichligi oshadi. - Juda g'ovakli materiallarda suvning massa orqali singishi g'ovaklikdan oshib ketishi mumkin, lekin suvning hajmi bo'yicha yutilishi har doim g'ovaklikdan past bo'ladi, chunki suv juda kichik teshiklarga kirmaydi va juda katta teshiklarda saqlanmaydi. Zich materiallarning (po'lat, shisha, bitum) suvga singishi nolga teng. Suvning singishi materiallarning boshqa xususiyatlariga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi: mustahkamlik va sovuqqa chidamlilik pasayadi, material shishib ketadi, issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi oshadi va zichligi oshadi.
Namlik - Namlik - bu hozirda materialda bo'lgan suv massasining quruq holatdagi material massasiga (kamroq hajmiga) nisbati. Suvni yutish bilan bir xil formulalar yordamida hisoblab chiqilgan va foizda ifodalangan. Bunday holda, materialning massasi suv bilan to'yingan holda emas, balki tabiiy namlikda olinadi. Materiallarni tashish, saqlash va ishlatishda ular suvni yutish bilan emas, balki namligi bilan shug'ullanishadi. Namlik 0% dan (mutlaq quruq materiallar uchun) suvni to'liq singdirish qiymatigacha o'zgarib turadi va materialning g'ovakliligi, gigroskopikligi va boshqa xususiyatlariga, shuningdek atrof -muhitga - nisbiy namlik va havo harorati, materialning suv va boshqalar. Ko'p qurilish materiallari uchun namlik normallashadi.
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Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi - bet 5

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Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi
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bet | 5/6 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 120,02 Kb. | | #262087 |
Bog'liq Isaqjonov Sardor mustaqil ish Issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi ichki issiqlik o'tkazuvchanlik koeffitsienti bilan tavsiflanadi, bu 1 m qalinlikdagi bir tekis devor orqali o'tadigan issiqlik miqdoriga teng, harorat farqi bilan 1 s. devor sirtlari 1°C, λ, Vt / (m °C) ga teng Materialning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi asosan namlik va g'ovaklikka bog'liq. Materialning g'ovakliligi oshishi bilan uning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi pasayadi, chunki havoning λ qismi nisbatan kichik. Materiallarning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi namlanish bilan ortadi, chunki quruq havoning λ 0,024, suvning λ 0,58 Vt / (m°C), ya'ni 25 baravar yuqori. Teshiklardagi suv muzlab qolsa, issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi taxminan 4 barobar oshadi. Issiqlik qarshiligi yoki yopiq inshootlarning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligiga qarshilik, m2 * °C / Vt Bu erda ᵟ - qalinligi, m λ - ichki issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi koeffitsientli, m. SHNQ ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, devorning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligiga qarshilik iqlim zonasiga qarab 2 dan 6 gacha o'zgarishi kerak. - Issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi ichki issiqlik o'tkazuvchanlik koeffitsienti bilan tavsiflanadi, bu 1 m qalinlikdagi bir tekis devor orqali o'tadigan issiqlik miqdoriga teng, harorat farqi bilan 1 s. devor sirtlari 1°C, λ, Vt / (m °C) ga teng Materialning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi asosan namlik va g'ovaklikka bog'liq. Materialning g'ovakliligi oshishi bilan uning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi pasayadi, chunki havoning λ qismi nisbatan kichik. Materiallarning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi namlanish bilan ortadi, chunki quruq havoning λ 0,024, suvning λ 0,58 Vt / (m°C), ya'ni 25 baravar yuqori. Teshiklardagi suv muzlab qolsa, issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi taxminan 4 barobar oshadi. Issiqlik qarshiligi yoki yopiq inshootlarning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligiga qarshilik, m2 * °C / Vt Bu erda ᵟ - qalinligi, m λ - ichki issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi koeffitsientli, m. SHNQ ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, devorning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligiga qarshilik iqlim zonasiga qarab 2 dan 6 gacha o'zgarishi kerak.
Refrakterlik nurlanishga qarshiligi va himoya Xususiyati - materiallarning plastik deformatsiyasiz uzoq vaqt davomida yuqori harorat ta'siriga bardosh berish qobiliyati. Olovga chidamli materiallar harorati 1580 °C dan yuqori, olovga chidamli materiallar - 1350-1580 °C va past eriydigan materiallar - 1350 °C dan past bo'lgan muhit ta'siriga chidamli bo'lishi kerak. Materiallarning nurlanish qarshiligi va himoya xususiyatlari - ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish ta'sirida materialning tuzilishi va xususiyatlarini saqlab qolish qobiliyati. Materialning himoya xususiyatlari uning gamma va neytron nurlanishini yutish qobiliyati bilan baholanadi. Himoya xususiyatlariga nurlanishning material qatlami tomonidan yutilishi baholanadi, bu ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish intensivligini 2 barobar kamaytiradi. Og'ir sementli beton uchun yarim nurlanish susaytiruvchi qatlamining qalinligi 0,1 m.
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PREPARATION OF ACCOUNTS - Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications

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Ministry of communications and information technology department of telecommunications
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bet | 29/33 | Sana | 23.03.2021 | Hajmi | 152,5 Kb. | | #13402 |
13.5 PREPARATION OF ACCOUNTS:
The LICENSEE shall;
(a) maintain and prepare accounting records, sufficient to show and explain its transactions in respect of each financial year or part thereof of the LICENCE during which this Licence is in force, or of such lesser periods as the LICENSOR may specify, fairly presenting the costs (including capital costs), revenue and financial position of the LICENSEE’s business and including a reasonable assessment of the assets employed in and liabilities attributable to the LICENSEE’s business.
(b) procure in respect of each of those accounting statements prepared in respect of a financial year or part thereof of the LICENSEE, a report by the LICENSEE’S Auditor stating whether in his opinion that statement is adequate for the purposes of the condition; and
(c) deliver to the LICENSOR a copy of each of the accounting statements not later than six months after the end of the period to which they relate.
In this condition: the “Auditor” means the LICENSEE’s auditor for the time being appointed in accordance with the requirements of the Companies’ Act, 1956.
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«Sikstin madonnasi» - Cho‘lpon nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi Toshkent — 2019 R. Farmonov, U. Jo‘rayåV, sh....

27
Yevropa fanining yuksalishida buyuk ingliz
olimi
Isaak Nyuton (1643–1727)ning xizmati
ulkan bo‘ldi. Nyuton mexanika va astronomiya-
ning nazariy asoslarini yaratdi, butun olam tor-
tishish qonunini ishlab chiqdi, ko‘zguli teles-
kopni kashf qildi.
Yana bir ingliz olimi
Jon Lokk (1632–1704)
esa falsafaning rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo‘sh-
di. J. Lokkning asosiy xizmati shundan iboratki,
u insonning tabiiy huquqlari: yashash, erkinlik
va mulk huquqlari haqidagi ta’limotni yaratdi.
U, shuningdek, «hokimiyatni bo‘lish» – ijro
hokimiyatini qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyatdan
ajratish haqidagi ta’limotni ham ishlab chiqdi.
Sanli texnologiyalar ministrligi - bet 4

Sanli texnologiyalar ministrligi
Elektron sxema labartoriya
Dáslepki esaplaw hám ólshew nátiyjeleri6.3-keste
Juwmaq : Men 6 -labaratoriya shınıǵıwında parallel jalǵanǵan terbelis konturın kórip shıqtım. Laboratoriya jumısında terbelis konturında júz beretuǵın rezonans hádiysesin nátiyjeni ámelde qollandim . Bul isten xarakteristik chastota, xarakteristik qarsılıq, parallel terbelis konturı qarsılıǵı, ekvivalent qarsılıq, ekvivalent kontur aslligi, ekvivalent buzılǵanlıǵı, ótkeriw aralıǵı sıyaqlı túsiniklerdi kórip shıqtım hám úyrenedim. Bul programmada ámeliy esaplawlarımızdan kóre bir muncha anıqlaw nátiyjelerge eristik. Dáslepki hám tájiriybe nátiyjeleriniń kestein qáliplestirip, kernewdiń chastotaǵa, fazanıń chastotaǵa baylanısıw grafikların sizdim. Bul jumısımız nátiyjesinden men parallel jalǵanǵan konturda kernewdiń birdey bólistiriliwi hám chastotalıq tásirinler eksperimenti nátiyjelerin ózlestiredim. 7 - LABORATORIYA JUMISI. Tema : DIFFERENTSIALLAWSHI ELEKTR SHINJIRDI UYRENIW. Jumıstıń maqseti - kirisiw signalınıń kórinisleri túrlishe bolǵan passiv hám aktiv differentsiallovchi shınjırlardı teoriyalıq hám tájiriybe jolları menen tekseriw. Juwmaq : Men 7-labaratoriya shınıǵıwı dawamında electronik workbench programmasında isledim. bul shınıǵıw dawamında passiv hám aktiv differensial shınjırlar haqqında ulıwma túsiniklerge iye boldım hám ózimge berilgen tapsırmanı tabıslı orinladim. Download 2,91 Mb.
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Buyuk fransuz burjua inqilobining boshlanishi

38
Uchinchi tabaqa
qarashlarining ifodachisi Gabriel de Mirabo bo‘l-
di. U
boy va mashhur oiladan chiqqan, tajribali hamda dono siyosat
arbobi edi. Mirabo uchinchi tabaqani birlikka chaqirdi.
Shu orada Milliy kengash o‘zini
Òa’sis majlisi deb e’lon qildi. Parij
gazetalari inqilob bir tomchi ham qon to‘kilmasdan
yakunlandi, deb
yozdilar. Ammo Parij xotirjam emasdi.
Birinchi tabaqa – ruhoniylar.
Ikkinchi tabaqa – dvoryanlar.
Uchinchi tabaqa – savdogarlar,
hunarmandlar, dehqonlar, burjuaziya.
Bastiliyaning olinishi. O‘zgarishlardan norozi bo‘lgan
olomon
1789-yil 14-iyulda Bastiliya qal’asiga bostirib kirdi. Qal’adagi qo‘-
shinlar taslim bo‘ldi, qal’a komendanti (boshlig‘i) qatl etildi. Shu
tariqa inqilob olomonning shafqatsiz terrori bilan boshlandi. Lyudo-
vik XVI qo‘zg‘olonchilarga yon berishga qaror qildi. Qirol Òa’sis maj-
lisini tan oldi. Poytaxtda hokimiyat shahar kengashi –
Parij Kom-
munasi qo‘liga o‘tdi. Hukmron doiralarning mavjud ziddiyatlarni o‘z
vaqtida hal qila olmaganligi shu tarzda inqilobga olib keldi. Absolut
monarxiya quladi.
ADABIYOTLAR - Quyosh va uning tizimi radionurlanishi

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Quyosh va uning tizimi radionurlanishi
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bet | 4/4 | Sana | 09.01.2024 | Hajmi | 257,5 Kb. | | #133036 |
Bog'liq Quyosh tizimining kelib chiqishi va evolyutsiyasi. ADABIYOTLAR:
1. Мурсалимова Г., Рахимов А. У мумий астрономия курси, Тошкент, Укитувчи., 1976
2. Нуритдинов С.Н, Гайнуллина Э.Р. Общая астрономия: задачи и упражнения, Т.: НУУз, 2006
3. Воронцов-Вельяминов Б. А., Сборник задач и практических упражнений по астрономии, М. Наука. 1974
4. Дагаев М.М. Лабораторный практикум по курсу общей астрономии, М, Высшая школа, 1972
QO‘SHIMCHA ADABIYOTLAR:
Sattarov I.S. Astrofizika, Toshkent, 2007
Мамадазимов М. Сферик ва амалий астрономиядан%масалалар туплами, Т., Укитувчи, 1977
Ziyahanov R.F., Astrometriya va kosmik dasturlar, UzMU, 2005 Ю.Нуритдинов С. Н. Сомон Йули, Тошкент, Фан, 1989
Физика Космоса. Маленькая энциклопедия. Под. ред. Р.Сюняева, М.: Наука, 1986
Климишин И.А. Астрономия наших дней. М: Наука, 1980
Аллен К.У. Астрофизические величины, М.:, ИЛ, 1977
Нуритдинов С.Н., Умумий астрономия курси, УзМУ 2000 .
Даффет-Смит П. Практическая астрономия с калькулятором, М.: Мир, 1987
Таджибаев И.У. Диссер. на соискание уч.степ.кан.физ.-мат. наук, 2006
3ияханов Р.Ф. Диссер. на соискание уч.степ.кан.физ.-мат. наук, 2006
Эшонкулова М.У, Диссер. на соискание уч.степ.кан.физ.-мат. наук, 2006
Машонкина Л.И., Сулейманов В.Ф., Задачи и упражнения по общей астрономии, http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/l 175354
Бакулин П. Н., Кононович Э. В., Мороз В. И. Курс общей астрономии, http://crydee.sai.msu.ru/ak4/Table_of_Content.htm
Курс общей астрономии, http://zipsites.ru/human/astronom_kurs/ ‘
http://www.astrolab.ru
http://www.astronet.ru
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PCH gе - Sanli texnologiyalar ministrligi

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Sanli texnologiyalar ministrligi
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bet | 2/4 | Sana | 16.11.2023 | Hajmi | 2,91 Mb. | | #99560 |
Bog'liq Elektron sxema labartoriyaPCH gеnеratori
Sinusoidal terbelisler generatorınıń blokı stendning shep joqarı bóleginde jaylasqan (1. 2-súwret). Ol 4 chastota diapazonda sinusoidal kernewdi payda etedi:
0,2 kHz 1 kHz;
1 kHz 5 kHz;
5 kHz 25 kHz;
25 kHz 125 kHz.
Chastota diapazonları aralıǵinda chastotanıń ózgeriwi ózgeriwshen rezistorlar «CHASTOTA-GRUBO» hám «CHASTOTA-PLAvNO» járdeminde ámelge asıriladı. Diapazonlar chastota boyınsha óz-ara qoplanishga múmkinshilik beredi.
Generator paneline 4 cifrlı, chastota birligin avtomatikalıq ózgertiretuǵın chastota indikatori (chastotomer) jaylastırılǵan.
Generatordıń shıǵıw kernewi
1. 2-súwret. Generator «UCHIQ» ózgeriwshen rezistor menen retlenedi. Generatorda tómendegi shıǵıw klemmalari ámeldegi:
- «G1- 0 dеtsiBеll (dB)» - Kernew 0 1 V., Shıǵıw qarsılıǵı 5;
- «G1 - 20 dB» - Kernew 0 0,1 V., Shıǵıw qarsılıǵı 0,5;
- «G2 - 0 dB» - Kernew 0 5 V., Shıǵıw qarsılıǵı 600;
- «G2 - 20 dB» - Kernew 0 0,5 V., Shıǵıw qarsılıǵı 600.
G1 hám G2 shıǵıwlardıń «» Uyaları stend korpusı menen jalǵanǵan.
Panelde chastota diapazonların ózgertiw hám chastota retlegichlari «CHASTOTA» - «PLAVNO» va «GRUBO» bo’lgan raqamli chastotomеr mavjud. Gеnеrator chiqish kuchlanishining chastotasini 0,2 125 kHz. Diapazonda ózgertiw múmkinshiligine iye.
1 . 2. voltmetr
Laboratoriya stendida ush birdey cifrlı voltmetr ámeldegi (1. 3-súwret). Olar chastotası 200 Hz. den 125 kHz.ge shekem bolǵan sinusoidal kernewdiń tásir etiwshi ma`nisin hám ózgermeytuǵın kernewdi o'lchaydilar. voltmetrdiń kirisiw bólegi stendning korpusı menen galvanik baylanıspaǵan, sol sebepli ózgermeytuǵın kernewdi ólshew rejiminde, voltmetrler úyrenilip atırǵan shınjırdıń qálegen noqatlarına jalǵanıwı múmkin.
Biraq, sonı názerde tutıw zárúrki, voltmetr kiriwiniń «-» uyası voltmetr sxemasınıń ulıwma shinasi menen jalǵanǵan hám korpusqa salıstırǵanda sezilerli sıyımlılıqǵa iye. Sol sebepli chastotası 5 kHz den joqarı bolǵan ózgeriwshen kernewlerdi o'lchaganda, ólshewlerdiń keskin qátelerin aldın alıw ushın voltmetr shıǵıwı daǵı «-» uyani ólshenip atırǵan shınjırdıń «» uyalar menen baylanıslı úshlerine yamasa uylerǵa salıstırǵanda kishilew kernew degi jalǵaw zárúr. voltmetr 3 ólshew shegarasına iye: 200 mv.; 2 v.; 20 v.
Ózgermeytuǵın kernewdi ólshew salıstırmalı qateligi, 0, 1
•UO'CH < UO'L < UO'CH, bunda UO'CH - ólshew shegarası ; UO'L - ólshenip atırǵan kernew, shárti orınlanǵanda, ólshenip atırǵan mániske salıstırǵanda 2 % ten kóp emes. Chastotası 200 Hz den 125 kHz ge shekem bolǵan garmonik kernewdi ólshew salıstırmalı qateligi 0, 1 •UO'CH < UO'L < UO'Ch shárti orınlanǵanda, ólshenip atırǵan mániske salıstırǵanda 3 % ten kóp emes. voltmetrdiń kirisiw qarsılıǵı - 1 M .
Kirisiw sıyımlılıqı - 20 pikoFarada (pF) den kóp emes.
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Internet in my life Duysenbaev Dilfuza Internet in my life

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Internet in my life
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bet | 1/3 | Sana | 14.12.2023 | Hajmi | 1,29 Mb. | | #118990 |
Bog'liq Duysenbaev Dilfuza Internet in my life
There is a big influence of technique on our daily life. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal with everyday.
Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely “the” medium of the future. Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely “the” medium of the future.
The Internet changed our life enormously, there is no doubt about that. There are many advantages of the Internet that show you the importance of this new medium. What I want to say is that Internet changed our life in a positive way.
The computer is a fix part of every modern office and the greatest part has also an access to the Internet. Companies already present their products, their services on the Internet and so they get more flexible. The computer is a fix part of every modern office and the greatest part has also an access to the Internet. Companies already present their products, their services on the Internet and so they get more flexible. Another advantage of the internet is that you can join a community. You can create new social contacts all over the world, which you could not do so easy without the internet. One of the most negative aspects of the impact of the internet on our daily life is, in my opinion, that it alters the social behaviour, habits and abilities of people. Especially children are often badly influenced by the internet. The internet will never replace the real world and therefore it is important that children see that the internet is a great tool if you know how to handle it but it should not be a replacement for real friends, for a real life. It’s the parents duty to tell their children so.
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Texnologik xossalari - Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi

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Beton toldiruvchilari texnologiyasi
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bet | 6/6 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 120,02 Kb. | | #262087 |
Bog'liq Isaqjonov Sardor mustaqil ish - Texnologik xossalar va korroziyaga chidamlilik Qurilish va ta'mirlashda ishlatiladigan qurilish materiallari uyning, yozgi uyning, kvartiraning ma'lum xizmat muddatini, qulayligi va xavfsizligini ta'minlashi kerak. Tegishli qurilish materialini tanlash uchun siz mahsulotlarning turlarini va tasnifini bilishingiz, boshqariladigan xususiyatlar ro'yxati va ularning ko'rsatkichlarini bilishingiz kerak. Mexanik xususiyatlar har xil turdagi yuklar (siqish, tortishish, egilish va boshqalar) ta'sirida qurilish materiallarining xatti -harakatlarini aks ettiradi. Mexanik xarakat ba'zi deformatsiyalarni keltirib chiqaradi. Agar tashqi yuklar kichik bo'lsa, ular deformatsiyalari elastik bo'ladi, chunki yuklarni olib tashlagandan so'ng, material avvalgi o'lchamlariga qaytadi. Muhim qiymatning tashqi ta'siriga erishilganda, elastik deformatsiyalardan tashqari, qaytarilmas o'zgarishlarga olib keladigan plastik deformatsiyalar paydo bo'ladi va ma'lum bir chegaraviy qiymatga yetganda, material yiqila boshlaydi.
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Havo gaz va bug, otkazuvchanligi

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Havo gaz va bug, otkazuvchanligi
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bet | 4/6 | Sana | 10.06.2024 | Hajmi | 120,02 Kb. | | #262087 |
Bog'liq Isaqjonov Sardor mustaqil ish Havo gaz va bug, otkazuvchanligi - Havo, gaz va bug' o'tkazuvchanligi - materialning qalinligidan o'tadigan xususiyatlari, mos ravishda havo, gaz va bug' uchun. Ular asosan materialning tuzilishiga, uning tuzilishidagi nuqsonlarga va namlikka bog'liq. Miqdoriy jihatdan, havo va gaz o'tkazuvchanligi havo va gaz o'tkazuvchanlik koeffitsientlari bilan tavsiflanadi, ular 9,81 yuzasida bosim farqida 1 soat davomida qalinligi 1 m bo'lgan 1 m2 materialdan o'tadigan havo (gaz) (m3) ga teng. Pa. Agar materialda bir -biriga bog'langan teshiklar ko'proq bo'lsa, havo va gaz o'tkazuvchanligi yuqori bo'ladi; teshiklarda suvning mavjudligi materialning bu xususiyatlarini pasaytiradi.Bug 'o'tkazuvchanligi har xil bug' miqdori va sirtning har ikki tomonidagi bosim bilan sodir bo'ladi, bu suv bug'ining haroratiga bog'liq va bug 'o'tkazuvchanlik koeffitsienti bilan tavsiflanadi, bu suv bug'ining 1 g ga kiradigan miqdoriga teng (g). 1 m qalinlikdagi 1 m2 materialdan 133,3 Pa sirtdagi bug 'bosimi farqida.
Devor va pardozlash materiallari ma'lum o'tkazuvchanlikka ega bo'lishi, "nafas olishi" kerak. Devor materiallarining etarli darajada gaz va bug' o'tkazuvchanligi devorlarning tashqi tomondan sovuqdan vayron bo'lishini va keyinchalik erishini oldini oladi. Bug 'o'tkazmaydigan materiallar panjara tomonida joylashgan bo'lib, undan havodagi bug' miqdori ko'proq bo'ladi.Suvga to'yingan materiallar deyarli gaz o'tkazmaydi. - Devor va pardozlash materiallari ma'lum o'tkazuvchanlikka ega bo'lishi, "nafas olishi" kerak. Devor materiallarining etarli darajada gaz va bug' o'tkazuvchanligi devorlarning tashqi tomondan sovuqdan vayron bo'lishini va keyinchalik erishini oldini oladi. Bug 'o'tkazmaydigan materiallar panjara tomonida joylashgan bo'lib, undan havodagi bug' miqdori ko'proq bo'ladi.Suvga to'yingan materiallar deyarli gaz o'tkazmaydi.
- Issiqlik – fizik xossalar Termofizik xususiyatlar bino va inshootlarning yopiq konstruksiyalari uchun material tanlashni belgilaydi. Issiqlik sig'imi - materiallarning qizdirilganda issiqlikni yutish qobiliyati. U o'ziga xos issiqlik sig'imi, s, J/(kg * °C) bilan tavsiflanadi, bu 1 °S uchun m = 1 kg massali materialni isitish uchun zarur bo'lgan KJ issiqlik miqdoriga teng:
- Issiqlik quvvati devor va pollarning issiqlik barqarorligini, qishda isitish materiallari uchun issiqlik sarfini hisoblashda hisobga olinadi. Issiqlik o'tkazuvchanligi - bu materiallarning issiqlik o'tkazuvchanlik qobiliyati. Issiqlik uzatish materialni o'rab turgan yuzalardagi harorat farqi (gradient) natijasida yuzaga keladi. Issiqlik uzatish strukturadagi atomlarning tebranishlarining chastotasi va amplitudasining o'zgarishi, energiya kvantlarining emissiyasi va teshiklardagi havoning harakatlanishi natijasida yuzaga keladi.
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