Historia iom USA

Ia Uniet Stats os America (Englisch : United States of America, USA) buir creet in 1776 sekwos id ubstand iom tridem britisch colonias ios Atlantic caust os Nord America contra ir materland. Pos un independence weir, unte quod i insurgents hassileer id hehlp ed id alliance os France, ia Uniet Stats buir recognihn ab id Paris Traiteit (1783). Id Philadelphia Convention (1787) redieg tun id presto democratic Constitution ios moderne zaman, dar in gwis nundiens. (vide : American Revolution)
 Map ios territorial expansion iom Uniet Stats. Ibs 13 auwal Stats (qua ratifieer id Constitution inter 1787 ed 1789) buir addiht nov territoria. Id tarikhe sub ielg bragven deict quando tod territorium buit ubrancto do US Stat.
==Id befolken iom Uniet Stats==
Id colonisation ios US territorium tarikhet tsay do ia explorations ducneut in 1513 ab id Gulf os Mexico. In 1619 buir landiht i prest Africans, qui ne eent tun sclavs sontern slougs bayghend ir poti tiel id rembeursen os ir safer. 
In 1620, id arriven do Plymouth, Massachusetts, im Englisch ios Mayflower ghyant id via ei installation ep id US swol om millions Europayen chasset ab religieus intolerance ed economic misere. Id siet provoque ia weirs contra i Indians ex qua id boi os Little Big Horn in 1876 ed id massacre os Wounded Knee in 1890 skeipent pregnant episodes. Med ia siuges brighen ab i colons, id "native American" population sessiet amalan exterminet. 
Id independence iom Uniet Stats vahsit buwes ia un imMigrationsland. Ex in-kap id XIXt secule do ia 1960tias, 43 millions leuden sient installe-se do id land, id tempo esend takriban oino million pro yar unte ia prest yars ios XXt secule. Id major parto tim immigrants gwohm ex Europe, bet existent yaschi un Asiat immigration (hassa Chinese) ed alyum ex Latin America. Ed est besonters id deforce gumt, tiel medsu id XIXt secule, em African Aydokwens brightens ka sclavs do ia plantations iom Sud Stats ed biht civs pos 1865. 
Racial segregation tayt sclaverie quos abolition hieb esen swohrn ab Abraham Lincoln in 1863 ed confirmet ab id XIIIt Amendement in 1865. Racial segregation biht legitimen in 1896 ab id fall Plessis vs. Fergusson ios Supreme Curtios tiel id 1954 mutakehnsen med id fall Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. Id civic rects movment os pastor Martin Luther King militesiet dind pro id concret obtention om anti-segregationiste meids. In 1968, id affirmative action biht promulget permittend id bespehcen os ethnic diversitat ka selectionscriterium in id educative systeme.
Id US population est yinjier baygh diversifiet, yed un commun gwitstandard, id adhension dia ia wirts os nord-american democratia ed id neud ios Englisch bahsa hant comwohrgen do smehlde ta brineghs ed cree un akster national menos. Un 1965 leg hat xiseyt immigration, quod concernt nundiens khaliban-ye espaniol-bahnd novgwehmers ex Sud America (latinos). 
Tod regularo strohm immigranten hat ducen unte id XIXt secule ia Uniet Stats ad extende-se westworts, hin occupeer id hol wure ios continent. Ia auwal-ye tridem federata Stats sont taiper 50, bo akhirs esend non-contigu territoria : Alaska, wester quem Canada, ed id archipelegv Haway in id Pacific, ubrancta do US Stats in 1959.
 Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) buit un US politician ed advocat qui amtirit ka 16t US President ex Mart 1861 tiel sien assassinat. Lincoln waniek ia Uniet Stats per id Secession Weir - iro cruoricst weir ed maghses ir megst moral, constitutional ed politic crise. Ithan is preservit id Union, ghyien id via ei abolition os sclaverie, kardwnit id federal gouvernement ed modernisit id Economia.
==Id progressive gnahsa os un superaugos==
Id staurerascen iom Uniet Stats inkapt ye id XIXt secule. Dank naiwo ruyden enorma natural ressurces, muhim agrent possibilitats in ia vast plains ios Middle West, un dynamic population, un integral-ye liberal ideologia quod encouraget ad entreprindes, ia Uniet Stats bihnt yant ia 1870tias tienxia prest economic stieure, stand in-kap nedyohrct ob un relative politic discretion. Eti, id land buit dividen ab id US Secession Weir, bohnden ei sclaverie empraxiset ab ia Sudstats. Bihnd rudhchalder ye cada nov adhesion os Stato do id federation, id question eet doublet ab un economic ed legal opposition : dyindars os leurtorg, i confederats defens ia rects iom Stats; i Norders mil protectionisme favorisend ir gnahnd industrie ed defens id Constitution ed ia rects ios Union. Ex 1861 do 1865, id civil weir sohlen ab ia Nordstats hat nicen 617000 anghens bayna 32 millions weikern.
Jects changent ye id XXt secule. Id intervention iom Uniet Stats do Mund Weir Oin, in 1917, est decisive ed US President Woodrow Wilson act uno magno rol unte id Versailles Conference in 1919. Bohrn ab id mode ed id success om cultural expressions (jazz, cinema ex Hollywood), id US influence nacrehsct sammel quem id vyige uns economic ed financial stieure quos instrument ed symbol est Wall Street. Hatta id 1929 economic crise ed id subsequent depression, bo gnahn in ia USA, ne endangernt tod success.
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) buit un US statswir ed politic lider qui amtirit ka 32nd US President ex 1933 tiel sieno mohrt. So democrat sohl - un record - quar presidential elections ed emers ka un central rjienbwuts in tienxia wakyas medsu id XXt secule. Is duxit id US Gouvernement unte id major part ios Grandios Depression ed os Mund Weir Dwo. Ka dominant lider siens partise, is enplacit id New Deal coalition, defineihnd US liberalism unte id central tridel ios XXt secule. Universitars ops kehnse iom ka oino iom tri megst US Presidents, con George Washington ed Abraham Lincoln. 
==Un kwecto bipolar mund==
Mund Weir Dwo som-ubranct ia Uniet Stats ka presto tienxia augos. Megil victors ios weir in id West ed in id Pacific, nerta dank un economia dopet ab id conflict ed nabohrct ud ia destructions qua hant ravagen Europe, arbitragers uns financial ed monetarios reconstruction quod beuwt id dollar ka tienxia rawaj (Bretton Woods conference, 1944), ia Uniet Stats, pos 1945, hant saul rival id Union Socialisten Sovietsken Respublics (USSR), Sovietsk communisme presentend-se ka alternative ad US liberal Capitalisme. 
Unte quasi oin pwolsecule (1945-1990 : id Srig Weir), id mund kwehct bipolar, dominen ab id rivalitat om bo superaugsa qua neutralise mutu med id reciproc menace ios nuclearios arme. In druv, id tula est meis apparent quem real : ia chitays provoquet ab id inefficacia ios sovietskios systeme contraste con id athime dynamism ios US economia. Id implosion os communisme, in 1989-1991, sint ia saul Uniet Stats affirme-pet ir hegemonic position. 
Yed, id mund hat changen entrim. 
 Democrat senator, John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) biht President in 1961. Varyet inter detente ed taschabyth face id communiste block. Ich bin ein Berliner ! declaret is in West-Berlin contra id construction ios "Mur os Scham". Intransagend face id regime os Fidel Castro, is oistehmt id tentative anticommuniste landen do id Swinen Bukht, in Cuba, ed decidt kathalika id US intervention do Sud Vietnam. Medsu sien campagne pro sien re-election biht is assassinen in Dallas in 1963. Tod tragic fin beuwt iom uno martyr. Prest catholic US President, Kennedy skeipt id Mythos ios heroy os triumphant America. Seductive, riche ed intelligent, is formet con sien esor Jackie un legendar couple.
==Uno menacen suprematia==
Id Eust-West rivalitat, USA adversus USSR, hat occulten lenta mutastandens. Id sgumt im Europays ed decolonisation hant lurn nova forces in vast iklimes diu sub occidental waldh. Id resurrection os China, id ascension os Hind, id sbeuden os Latin America hant gohnen id phenomen iom Emergent mercats. Id iter gnahn in ia Uniet Stats 2008 tienxia economic crise taraght id US suprematia. Ir vertigineus makrousia om meis quem 16 000 milliards dollaren ed ir budget deficit oistreipend 75% ios Brutt Inland Product (BIP) eptemnent id credit ios dollar. Eti, un hasardeus Diplomatia ed ia militar aventures do Afghanistan ed Irak, qua, motivet ab ia terroriste attentats ios 11 September 2001 in New York, ne buir successa, endangernt id prestige iom Uniet Stats. 
 Face id Statue os Libertat, dum skapt ia bo tors ios World Trade Center, dien 11 September 2001, pos ta buir hiht ab ein plav kapen ab El-Kayda terroristens. Alyo plav criesch do id Pentagon (id US Ministerium os Defense) ed un senst buit destrugen ab iensswo terroristens uper Pennsylvania, quando ies vis od i passagers hiebeer pamrlant. Ta attentats nicer quasi 3000 leuds.
==Vantages ed defaults uns tienxia augos==
Samt un intensive Agriculture egal tei ios Europay Union, riche med ia ressurces irs enderghom, ia Uniet Stats sont tienxia prest tajirpartner, tem quem dwot fabricator. Sont, pos China, tienxia dwot importantst consummer os energia. Trit productor om hydrocarbons (naft ed gas), bihskwnt id prest med id reuyden om kiezghian gas ed naft, sib swekwehrnd it un energetic independence. Important investions, tem public quem privat, stimule id antslehnken iom avancet technologias, symbolisen ab id Silicon Valley, prokwem San Francisco, in California. Internet buit creet in ia Uniet Stats ed ia importantsta sokmotors sont US-American...
Ye id financial nivell, ia beursa om New York (Wall Street) ed Chicago sont ia dwo tienxia importantst capitalen mercats. Pelu US companies, in id tod xeimen kam in id industrial (metallurgia, chemia, piutindustrie) hant gohnen multinationals os tienxia dimension (Goldman Sachs Group, Exxon Mobil, General Motors, General Electric, Coca-Cola). 
Tod aunpar augos hat yed greiszones, revelet ed crisct ab id 2008 crise. Un certain desindustrialisation ye id brungos iom emergent mercats, id exacerbation os concurrence (con Japanese automobils, europay aeronautique) hieb auct beghsorbatia, quod hat lakin stighen ghom tsay do 4,6% in 2016. Id neoliberal siyassa ducneut pon ia 1970tias ed kardwnt sub ia presidences om George W. Bush (2001-2009) dind Donald Trump (2017- ) hat crisct ia social inegalitats. In 2013, id yaramdani iom 20% richest oiskip 15s tod iom 20% pauperst menxu id industrie, id spand inter ia ghemst ed hogsta salairs lit ex 1 do 400. Id torgbalance, positive tiel 1973, est dayim in deficit pon tod yar.
Category:Historia
Category:USA