List of current monarchs of sovereign states

A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies). In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion. Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling.
A variety of titles are applied in English; for example, "king" and "queen", "prince" and "princess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they will be addressed differently in their local languages, the names and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent. Roman numerals, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name, have been applied where typical.
In political and sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally associated with hereditary rule; most monarchs, in both historical and contemporary contexts, have been born and raised within a royal family. Succession has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority. Some monarchies, however, are not hereditary, and the ruler is instead determined through an elective process. These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy, but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics. Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements, where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a royal bloodline.
Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective sovereign states. Monarchs reigning over a constituent division, cultural or traditional polity are listed under constituent monarchs. For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones, see: former ruling families.
==Monarchs by country==
Realm / kingdom	Monarch	Monarch 	House 	Type 	Heir
 	 	Sultan Abdul 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Queen Patricia II 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Piero II 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Emperor Ayohito 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	King Arthur XXII 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Queen Berijn II 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Monarch Lihos Narakon 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Queen Brianne 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Emikap Marongas Doto 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Andrew II 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Otto XVI 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Leo III 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Duke Wilhelm III 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Mekpa Ergos Adi 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Pharaoh Nekauba II 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Richard IX 	Ambrose 	Constitutional 	Ani, Princess of Amberstead
 	 	Queen Mònica II 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Queen Katya 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Emperor Gwamji 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Pope Clement III 	 	Absolute theocracy	Elective
 	 	Emperor Reuben I 	Rukonaya	Constitutional 	Akari, Princess of Amigatochi
 	 	Grand Duke António III	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Vladimir IV 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	Emperor Dalus III 	 	Constitutional 	
 	 	King Oleg V 	 	Absolute 	
 	 	Duke Rosko II 	 	Absolute 	
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