Smelting

Smelting is a method of obtaining refined goods from raw materials by heating in a furnace, blast furnace, smoker or campfire. For example, raw iron can be smelted to produce iron ingots using coal as fuel. Like crafting, smelting uses recipes to determine what item is produced, but its recipes are simpler. Smelting also yields experience.
== Usage and mechanics ==
The furnace, blast furnace, and smoker share a similar interface: At the upper left is a slot for smeltable item input, below that is a slot for fuel input, and on the right is a slot where output items accumulate and can be removed by the player. Flames above the fuel slot act as a gauge showing the gradual consumption of the current fuel item, and an arrow in the middle gradually fills to show the progress of smelting the current input item.
To smelt, an input item and fuel must be placed into the input and fuel slots, respectively. The furnace then begins to smelt and continues even after the player closes the interface. (The player can still tell when a furnace is working by its block texture showing flames and fire particle effects appearing.)
The furnace burns one fuel item at a time, taking 10 seconds to burn or 200 game ticks, with the fuel gauge indicating how much of that item's burn time remains. As each fuel item is fully consumed, another one is taken from the fuel slot and the gauge starts over.
Smeltable input items are also processed one at a time but are not removed from the input slot while smelting is in progress. The arrow indicates how much of the smelting process has been completed. When the arrow is full, the input item is removed from the input stack and an output item is added to the output stack. Smelting of the next input item then begins immediately.
Smelting stops under any of four conditions:
* When the furnace runs out of smeltable items: That is, the input slot becomes empty. 
* The furnace runs out of fuel: The fuel input slot is empty, and the current fuel item is fully consumed (that is, the fuel gauge becomes empty). 
* The output slot becomes full: Either the slot has a full stack of the output, or the output contains the wrong output item for the current input item (for example, if the output contains iron ingots, but the input contains raw gold). In this case, smelting (but not fuel consumption) is paused until the output slot becomes available (usually because items were removed by either a player or a hopper). If a fuel item burns out in this condition, a new one is not used until the output slot is again available.
* The furnace is broken: The contents of all the slots, any accumulated experience, and the furnace itself are dropped. The currently-burning fuel item is lost since it is removed from the fuel slot before burning begins. The furnace block itself may not be dropped if it was destroyed by an explosion.
If smelting stops while a fuel item is still burning (a normal occurrence), the furnace continues to run visually but no more input items are processed. If the fuel has been exhausted (and the fuel gauge is empty) when an item has been partly smelted, the smelting progress is undone at double speed and the item remains in the input stack.
Smelting will be suspended if players move far enough away from the furnace (including going to another dimension) that simulation stops in the chunk the furnace is in. It resumes when a player returns.
If the player sleeps in a bed while a furnace is smelting items, the furnace's progress remains the same as if the bed had not been used and no additional time had passed. This is because when a player sleeps in a bed, no time actually passes; the game simply sets the time of day to morning.
The furnace keeps track of experience for each item as smelting is completed for it, accumulating it in a hidden counter. It remembers the total earned experience even if a hopper is used to remove the items from the output slot. This earned experience is awarded to the next player who uses the interface to remove items manually, after which the counter is reset (if the player takes some of the output but leaves some in the slot, the experience corresponding to those items is retained by the furnace and not awarded to the player).
== Recipes ==
All smelting recipes can be used in the furnace, but only subsets are available in the blast furnace and smoker, when available they will burn twice as fast (5 seconds or 100 game ticks), but will use the same amount of fuel.
For fractional experience values, first multiply this value by the number of smelted items removed from the furnace, then award the player the whole-number part, and if there is a fractional part remaining, this represents the chance of an additional experience point.
* For example, when smelting 1 coal ore and removing the coal, the value is 0.1, so every ten coal you remove grants you one experience point on average.
* When smelting 5 sea pickles and removing all 5 lime dye, the value is 0.2 × 5 = 1, so this grants only 1 point.
* The fractional experience stays within the furnace when the final total is not an integer, so the leftover experience is attributed to the next round of smelting.
=== Foods ===
All food recipes can be used in a furnace or smoker. Food can alternatively be cooked on a campfire, which doesn't require any fuel and takes 30 seconds or 600 game ticks to cook an item, which is faster (when cooking at the maximum capacity of 4 items at a time) than a furnace, but this doesn't award any experience and is slower than a smoker.
Food
Product 	Ingredient 	Exp 	Description
Baked Potato 	Potato 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Dried Kelp 	Kelp 	0.1 	Fills , while uncooked kelp is inedible. Used to craft dried kelp blocks.
Steak 	Raw Beef 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Cooked Porkchop	Raw Porkchop	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Cooked Mutton 	Raw Mutton 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Cooked Chicken 	Raw Chicken 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills and has a 30% chance to give the Hunger status effect.
Cooked Rabbit 	Raw Rabbit 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Cooked Cod 	Raw Cod 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
Cooked Salmon 	Raw Salmon 	0.35	Fills , while raw fills .
=== Ores ===
All ore recipes can be used in a furnace or blast furnace.
Product 	Ingredient 	Exp	Description
Iron Ingot 	Raw Iron 	0.7	Used to craft various items, including blast furnaces, anvils, iron blocks, iron nuggets, rails, buckets, cauldrons, chains, compasses, crossbows, flint and steels, heavy weighted pressure plates, hoppers, iron trapdoors, minecarts, pistons, shears, shields, iron armor, iron tools, stonecutters and tripwire hooks.
Copper Ingot 	Raw Copper 	0.7	Used to craft various items, including spyglasses, lightning rods, and copper blocks.
Gold Ingot 	Raw Gold 	1 	Used to craft various items, including netherite ingots, gold blocks, golden apples, gold nuggets, clocks, golden armor, golden tools, powered rails and light weighted pressure plates. Also used as a currency for bartering.
Gold Ingot 	Nether Gold Ore	1 	Used to craft various items, and as a currency for bartering with piglins.Nether gold ore can be obtained only by mining with a Silk Touch pickaxe.
Netherite Scrap	Ancient Debris 	2 	Used to craft netherite ingots, which can be used to upgrade diamond gear and craft netherite blocks as well as lodestones.
The following additional ores can be smelted, but it's more efficient to mine them with an appropriate pickaxe. In most cases mining them saves fuel and yields more product and experience, especially if the pickaxe has a Fortune enchantment. Smelting them, though, allows obtaining them from an automatic device. The ore blocks themselves can be obtained only via the Silk Touch enchantment.
Product 	Ingredient 	Exp	Description
Redstone Dust	Redstone Ore 	0.3	Used to craft various items and redstone blocks, brewing, or placed as redstone wire. When normally mined drops 4–5 redstone and .
Coal 	Coal Ore 	0.1	Used as a fuel, and to craft torches, campfires and coal blocks.When normally mined drops 1 coal and .
Emerald 	Emerald Ore 	1 	Used for trading, and to craft emerald blocks.When normally mined drops 1 emerald and .
Lapis Lazuli 	Lapis Lazuli Ore 	0.2	Used for enchanting and for crafting blue dyes and lapis lazuli blocks.When normally mined drops 4–8 lapis lazuli and .
Diamond 	Diamond Ore 	1 	Used to craft various items, enchanting tables, jukeboxes and diamond blocks.When normally mined drops 1 diamond and .
Nether Quartz	Nether Quartz Ore	0.2	Used to craft various items and quartz blocks.When normally mined drops 1 nether quartz and .
Iron Ingot 	Iron Ore 	0.7	Used to craft various items.
Copper Ingot 	Copper Ore 	0.7	Used to craft various items.
Gold Ingot 	Gold Ore 	1 	Used to craft various items, and as a currency for bartering with piglins.
=== Gear ===
These recipes can be used in a furnace or blast furnace to recycle unneeded gear (tools, weapons, armor and horse armor).
Product 	Ingredient 	Exp	Description
Iron Nugget	Tools, armor and horse armor made from iron or chainmail armor	0.1	Can be crafted into lanterns, chains, or iron ingots.
Gold Nugget	Tools, armor and horse armor made from gold 	0.1	Can be crafted into golden carrots, glistering melons, or gold ingots.
=== Furnace-only ===
These recipes are exclusive to the furnace.
Product 	Ingredient 	Exp 	Description
Stone 	Cobblestone 	0.1 	Used as a building material. Also used for crafting stone pressure plates, stone buttons, stone bricks, grindstones, stonecutters, redstone repeaters and comparators. Can be smelted into smooth stone.
Smooth Stone 	Stone 	0.1 	Used as a building material. Also used for crafting smooth stone slabs, armor stands, and blast furnaces.
Cracked Stone Bricks 	Stone Bricks 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Deepslate 	Cobbled Deepslate 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Cracked Deepslate Bricks 	Deepslate Bricks 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Cracked Deepslate Tiles 	Deepslate Tiles 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Smooth Sandstone 	Sandstone 	0.1 	Used as a building material. Also used for crafting smooth sandstone slabs and stairs.
Smooth Red Sandstone 	Red Sandstone 	0.1 	Used as a building material. Also used for crafting smooth red sandstone slabs and stairs.
Cracked Nether Bricks 	
Nether Bricks 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Smooth Basalt 	
Basalt 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Cracked Polished Blackstone Bricks	Polished Blackstone Bricks 	0.1 	Decoration block.
Smooth Quartz 	Block of Quartz 	0.1 	Used as a building material. Also used for crafting smooth quartz slabs and stairs.
Terracotta 	Clay 	0.35 	Decoration block. Also used for crafting dyed terracotta. Can be smelted into glazed terracotta.
Glazed Terracotta 	Dyed Terracotta 	0.1 	Decoration block. Can be pushed by pistons but does not stick.
Glass 	
Sand 	0.1 	Used to make transparent structures. Also used to craft glass panes, glass bottles, stained glass, end crystals, daylight detectors, and beacons.
Sponge 	Wet Sponge 	0.15 	Used to soak up water. Drying a sponge allows it to be reused. If an empty bucket is in the fuel slot when smelting finishes, it becomes a water bucket. Wet sponges can also be instantly dried when placed in the Nether.
Charcoal 	LogWoodStripped LogStripped Wood	0.15 	Used to craft torches, soul torches, campfires and fire charges, and as fuel for smelting or for a minecart with furnace. Input must be an Overworld log or wood, not sticks, planks, or stems.
Popped Chorus Fruit 	Chorus Fruit 	0.1 	Used to make purpur blocks and end rods. Cannot be eaten.
Lime Dye 	Sea Pickle 	0.1 	Used as a dye.
Green Dye 	Cactus 	:1:0.2	Used as a dye.
Brick 	Clay Ball 	0.3 	Used to make bricks and flower pots.
Nether Brick 	Netherrack 	0.1 	Used to make nether bricks, nether brick fences and red nether bricks.
== Fuel ==
There are multiple fuels that can be used to smelt items. The type of fuel that should be used depends on the number of items in question.
For larger jobs, a single lava bucket or a block of coal can smelt more items than can fit in the furnace, a lava bucket being able to smelt 100 blocks and a block of coal being able to smelt 80 —both input and output are limited to a maximum of a stack of 64 items (with some items not being able to be stacked or only being possible to stack 16 of them).
=== Items that can be used as fuel in all types of furnaces ===
==Hopper automation==
The smelting process can be automated with hoppers on the top and bottom of the furnace. For larger smelting jobs, a third hopper on the side of the furnace can feed in fuel and, in case of lava being used as fuel, any empty buckets come out of the bottom hopper. This automatically feeds and empties the furnace so that different materials can be smelted in the same batch with no loss.
Whenever a hopper or minecart with hopper removes items from a furnace, any experience earned from cooking or smelting the removed items is saved in the furnace and awarded to the next player who manually removes an item from the furnace's output slot. This saved experience is in addition to that earned for the manually removed item(s).
== Achievements ==
== Advancements ==
== History ==
 
== Trivia ==
* A wooden tool burns the same regardless of its remaining durability. A used-up tool is just as effective as fuel as a new tool.
* "Smelting" is a broad term in the context of Minecraft while in the real world, smelting has a more precise definition.
== See also ==
* Smelting on Wikipedia
* Brewing
* Crafting
* Enchanting
* Furnace
== References ==
cs:Tavba
de:Erhitzen
es:Fundición
fr:Cuisson
hu:Olvasztás
it:Cottura
ja:製錬
ko:제련
nl:Smelten
pl:Przetapianie
pt:Fundição
ru:Плавка
th:การเผา
tr:Eritme
uk:Плавлення
zh:烧炼