Baruch Ashlag

Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag () (also known as the RABASH) (January 22, 1907 – September 13, 1991) was a kabbalist, the firstborn and successor of Yehuda Ashlag also known as Baal Hasulam, the author of "The Sulam" commentary on the Zohar. Among his writings: Shlavey ha Sulam ("Rungs [of] the Ladder"), Dargot ha Sulam ("Steps [of] the Ladder"), Igrot Rabash ("Letters [of the] Rabash").
==Life==
Baruch Shalom ha Levi Ashlag (also known as the "Rabash") was born in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire on January 22, 1907.Feiga. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 5 He began his Kabbalah studying with his father's (kabbalist Yehuda Ashlag) selected students at the age of nine, and joined him on his trips to the Rabbi of Porisov and to the Rabbi of Bel.Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, p. 233 In 1921, at age 13, he immigrated with his family to the Land of Israel,Eliezer. Sscweid, The Redeeming Revelation - Justification of God in Rav Yehuda Ashlag's Kabbalistic Doctrine, in Between Ruin and Redemption, Reactions of Haredic Thinking to the Holocaust in Its Time, Hillel Ben Chaim Library, HaKibutz HaMeuhad Publication, 1994 p. 194 and continued his schooling at the Hasidic institution "Torat Emet".F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 6; Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, pp. 233-234
Ashlag was ordained as a rabbi at age 20 by the chief rabbis of Israel at that time, Abraham Isaac Kook, Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld, and Yaakov Moshe Charlap.F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 7; Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, pp. 233-237 He did not want to use the knowledge of Torah he had acquired for a living. For most of his life, he was a simple worker, doing road works, construction works, and low-level clerical work.F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 7
When Ashlag grew, he became his father's prime disciple. He joined his father (Yehuda Ashlag, author of the Sulam commentary on The Book of Zohar) on his trips, did his father's errands, and provided for his father's every need.F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 7; Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, pp. 239-241
He would often study with his father in private, and what he'd heard from his father he wrote in his personal notebook. Thus, thousands of unique notes were accumulated, documenting Yehuda Ashlag's explanations concerning the spiritual work of an individual.Shamati, Editor's Note; F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 7 (Yehuda Ashlag is considered one of the foremost kabbalists of the 20th century."Rav Yehuda Ashlag is undoubtedly the greatest kabbalist that operated in the 20th century" (Boaz Hus, PhD, Department of Jewish Thought, Ben Gurion University). "Rav Yehuda Ashlag was among the greatest Kabbalists in the last generations" (Jonathan Garb, PhD, The Department of Jewish Thought, Hebrew University, Jerusalem). In Michael Laitman, PhD, The Last Generation, Contemporary Researchers about Baal HaSulam's work) Also, see Talmud Eser ha Sefirot, Part 1, endoresements of Rav Kook and Rav Chaim Zonnenfeld at beginning of book He is known as Baal HaSulam (Master of the Ladder) for his Sulam (Ladder) commentary on The Book of Zohar.
He studied Kabbalah with his father for more than thirty years. When his father, Baal HaSulam, fell ill, he appointed Ashlag to give the lessons to his disciples in his stead.F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 8 After the death of his father, Ashlag took his father's place as the leader of the Ashlag Hasidim, and dedicated his life to continue his father's unique way, to interpret and expand on his father's writings, and to disseminate Kabbalah among the people.
Due to disputes concerning the rights to publish The Book of Zohar with the Sulam commentary that his father wrote, Ashlag left Israel for three years, spending most of that time in the United Kingdom.Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, p. 254 During that period, he also held discussions with Menachem Mendel Schneerson of Lubavitch, Joel Teitelbaum of Satmar, and other prominent rabbis. He also taught kabbalah in Gateshead and in other cities in the U.K.
200px|thumb|The Ari-Ashlag Synagogue, where Ashlag gave his lessons.
Upon his return to Israel, Ashlag continued to study and to teach. He did not want to become publicly known as a kabbalist; hence, as did his father, he declined any offers for official posts.
After the end of the 1960s, he changed his ways and began teaching kabbalah in broader circles. He would travel to wherever there was even the smallest demand to hear about kabbalah. Among the cities he frequented were Hebron, Tiberias, and Jerusalem.Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, p. 260; F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 10 In 1976, he expanded his seminary, and his humble home in Bnei Brak became a spacious synagogue. He himself moved to the second floor of the building.Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, p. 260 He would occasionally travel to Tiberias for purposes of seclusion.
In 1983, some forty new students joined the group of kabbalists that Ashlag had been teaching up to that point. To help them "fit in" with the group more easily and quickly, he began to compose essays describing the spiritual evolution of an individual, and the basics of the work in a group of kabbalists.F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 13 From 1984 and up to his last day in 1991, he would write a weekly article and give it to his disciples. In time, his disciples collected the essays he had written and published them in a five volume publication known as Shlavey ha Sulam ("Rungs [of] the Ladder").Rabbi Baruch Ashlag, Shlavey Ha Sulam, Bnei Baruch, 2,000. The same composition was published earlier under the title Sefer Ha Maamarim (Book of Essays)
Rav Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag died on September 13, 1991.Hamodia News Paper, a report on Ashlag's demise, September 15, 1991 He was interred on Har HaMenuchot.
==Publications==
Ashlag's primary engagement was interpretation and expansion of his father's compositions. Ashlag's essays are a far easier read than compositions of earlier kabbalists, since they are written in a simple language. Ashlag dedicated most of his efforts to elaborate on an individual's spiritual path, from the very first steps, when one asks, "What is the meaning of my life?" to one's climb toward the revelation of the spiritual reality.
His disciples testify that "the Rabash believed that any person, man or woman, and even the youngest child can study the internality of the Torah, if they only wish to complete the correction of their souls".F. Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist, p. 12; Rabbi Abraham M. Gotlieb, Ha Sulam, pp 262-263
His primary publications:
*Shamati ("I Heard"): This is the Ashlag's personal notebook, where he wrote what he had heard from his father throughout the time he was studying with him. The uniqueness of the book is in its content, and the (conversational) language in which it is written. The book contains essays that describe the spiritual states one experiences along the spiritual path. These essays are the only documentation that we have of the conversations the author of the Sulam commentary had had with his disciples.
The book title comes from the writing that appeared on the cover of the notebook in which it was written, where Ashlag himself wrote, "Shamati" (I heard). From the 2nd printing onward, the book also contains "The Melodies of the Upper World," music notes to 15 of the melodies Baal HaSulam and Ashlag composed.
*Igrot Rabash ("Letters [of the] Rabash"): These are letters Ashlag had sent to his disciples while he was overseas. In his letters, Ashlag answers his disciples' questions concerning their spiritual path and progress, indicates the spiritual meaning of the Jewish holidays according to Kabbalah, and addresses many other issues.
*Dargot ha Sulam ("Steps [of] the Ladder"): This is a two-volume publication containing primarily utterances and notes that Ashlag had written in the course of his life. These were mostly written as drafts on scraps of paper and served as headlines, drafts for essays and answers he'd written to his disciples. This book can teach a lot about Ashlag's state of mind and thoughts, and it continues the essays in the book Shamati.
*Shlavey ha Sulam ("Rungs [of] the Ladder"): A comprehensive five-volume composition containing all of Ashlag's essays between 1984 and 1991. In this publication, Ashlag explicates in detail his kabbalistic doctrine, beginning from man's work in a group, which is a fundamental element in this teaching, through a kabbalistic interpretation of the Torah (Pentateuch) as an allegory to a person's spiritual path in our world.
==Social doctrine==
Ashlag asserted that a human being is a social being and that one cannot exist without a society that provides for one's basic needs, and projects its values upon its members.Yehuda Ashlag, 1995, Matan Torah, The Peace, Ohr ha Ganuz Publication, p 88 As his father before him, Ashlag believed that an individual is constantly affected by the environment he is in. From the moment a person enters a certain society, he no longer has freedom of choice and is completely subordinate to its influence. According to Ashlag, one's only choice is the choice of the environment that will project the values one wants to adopt.Baruch Ashlag, 1998, Book of Essays, Ohr Baruch Shalom, Jerusalem pp 1-10
Ashlag spent many years formulating the fundamentals of building a co-operative society that strives to achieve spirituality, the way kabbalists perceived it throughout the generations: achieving love of God by means of first attaining love of man.Baruch Ashlag, 1998, Book of Essays, Ohr Baruch Shalom, Jerusalem pp 41-42 For this reason, the bulk of Ashlag's essays are dedicated to explication and simplification of the principles of the spiritual work of an individual within such a society. The actual spiritual work is revealed through study and a process of internal transformation. Therefore the teaching cannot be understood simply intellectually and is dependent on the inner processes the disciple experiences.
==Correct approach to study==
Ashlag asserted that two elements are imperative to one's spiritual path. First, one must find an environment that will promote one as safely and as quickly as possible toward "equivalence of form" with one's Maker.Baruch Ashlag, Book of Essays, p 19 and pp 1-10 Next, one must know how to approach the study of Kabbalah correctly, so that no time is lost.Baruch Ashlag, Shlavey Ha Sulam (Rungs of the Ladder), Vol 2, 2,000, Bnei Baruch, Israel, pp 173-180
Once we've explained the first element in the previous item, let us now explain the second: Kabbalists throughout the generations believed that during the study, a Light shines on a person's soul, a "Surrounding Light."Baruch Ashlag, Shlavey Ha Sulam, Vol 3, p 69; Yehuda Ashlag, 1956, Talmud Eser ha Sefirot (The Study of the Ten Sefirot, Vol 1, Jerusalem, p 43; Rabbi Isaac Yehuda Yehiel Safrin of Kumarna, Heichal Beracha, Devarim, p 208; Rav Avraham Isaac Ha Cohen Kook, Orot ha Torah, Chapter 6, p 16 and Chapter 10, p 10 To receive that Light within the soul, one need only want that Light to permeate one's soul. In other words, one needs to want to experience the states that the kabbalist who wrote the book is describing. However, this is a complex process, requiring time and considerable effort on the part of the student, since one must reach a state of "prayer," i.e. to formulate a complete desire to discover the Higher Reality.Baruch Ashlag, Shlavey Ha Sulam, Vol 2, pp 16-20 The emphasis in his teachings is not on understanding the material, but on the individual's desire. From the moment a person acquires a complete measure of desire to reach spirituality, the spiritual world opens and one discovers the Upper Worlds described by the author.
In Shamati, essay 209, he mentions three conditions to reach "genuine" prayer, a complete desire for spirituality: 
==Successors==
After his demise, several of his disciples continued to study according to his method: Avraham Mordecai Gottlieb; Dzerke Rebbe, Aharon Brizel, who currently teaches a Hasidic version of this method in New York; as well as Feivel Okowita, who heads the Kabbalah Institute of America. Michael Laitman, Ashlag's personal assistant, heads Bnei Baruch, an organization that is based in Petach Tikva, Israel and is dedicated to disseminating the wisdom of Kabbalah to the world.
==See also==
*Ashlag (Hasidic dynasty)
==References==
==Bibliography==
*Feiga Ashlag, A Prayer of a Kabbalist: from the life of Rabbi Baruch Shalom Ashlag, Bnei Brak, 1997
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==External links==
*Baruch Ashlag on Wikiquote
*Recorded lessons Ashlag explaining the essay Preface to the Wisdom of Kabbalah.
*English translations of Ashlag's articles.
*A short film with still and video footage of Ashlag.
*slideshow
*Anshlag Research Institute: a nonprofit organization whose mission is to promote a globally aware humanity for meeting the challenges of today’s interdependent world.
;Links to his writings (in Hebrew)
*Sefer ha Maamarim: Vol 1, Vol 2, Vol 3, Vol 4, Vol 5, Vol 6,  
*Shamati
*Dargot ha Sulam
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Category:Hasidic rabbis in Europe
Category:Hasidic rabbis in Israel