Japanese Language Basic System

== Introduction ==
Japanese is known as an agglutinative language, on the contrast to inflectional language (such as Indo-European languages) and isolating language (such as Chinese language), in the traditional linguistic typology.
Japanese is like a play of LEGO made with plastics. Sound (of speech) is plastics. Phoneme is a block. Kana Mora is a basic convenient combination of some blocks. Morpheme is a bigger combination of small basic combinations, which has a unique meaning or grammatical role, as a part of building.Sound (音) -> Phoneme (音素) -> Kana Mora (音/拍) -> Morpheme (形態素)It is hard to tell clearly about a unit of "word" in Japanese Language. I think that Morpheme near equal "word". But it doesn't have high independency as a word. We usually combine some morpheme parts to make a sentence.
This image of combining is ...海賊王に　おれは　なる!!!■■■]　〇]　◎} !!!我が名　ジュラキュール・ミホーク!!□}□　◇◆◇◆◇・◆◇◆◇　!!貴様が　死ぬには　まだ　早い■□]　□}]]　〇　□}like a super-alloy toy robot... or a command squence of the action games.
== Japanese Language Basic System ==
The following table is a rough sketch of Japanese Language Basic System, for mimetic expressions.
Root of morpheme and Kana mora in the table are important ideas to think about mimetic expressions. Each Kana mora itself has somehow mimetic impression of sound and vision, such as smiley に[Ni], shiny か[Ka], tiny/pretty こ[Ko].に[Ni] + か[Ka] = にか[NiKa] = Smile of Shanks.に[Ni] + こ[Ko] = にこ[NiKo] = Smile of Makino.に[Ni] + ひ[Hi] = にひ[NiHi] = Smile of Luffy.
The author uses this mimetic impression to express something as SFX, emphasizing, suggestings, and so on. He sometimes creats new original mimetic expressions or gives new impressive usage to existing ones.
にひ[NiHi] of Luffy's Smile might be one of them. As for me, I never saw にひ before I met Luffy in One Piece. And then, I sometimes see にひ smile in the online chat with children. They use にひ smile when they are happy and satisfied with their pretty mischief, or planning it together. It is like a Victory-sign (a sign of victory or peace made with the index and middle fingers, and the palm outwards).
morpheme (形態素) 	morpheme (形態素) 	morpheme (形態素)
It is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. 	It is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. 	It is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.
－ 	a free morpheme 	a free morpheme
－ 	It stands by itself, and it has a meaning of its own, without other morpheme's help. It works as a root (語根) and a word(語).
　Ex. "鷹(タカ:hawk)", "鷹(たか)" - 狩(が)り, "eye", "one", "piece"
　They are usually written in Kanji (Chinese character). Today, a lot of technical terms from foreign languages are written in Kata-kana or in alphabet.	It stands by itself, and it has a meaning of its own, without other morpheme's help. It works as a root (語根) and a word(語).
　Ex. "鷹(タカ:hawk)", "鷹(たか)" - 狩(が)り, "eye", "one", "piece"
　They are usually written in Kanji (Chinese character). Today, a lot of technical terms from foreign languages are written in Kata-kana or in alphabet.
－ 	a bound morpheme 	a bound morpheme
－ 	It doesn't stand by itself. 
　Ex. "狩(か)" - "り", "狩(か)" - "る", "高(たか)" - "い", "お" - "高(たか)" - "い", "高(たか)" - "く", "高(たか)" - "らか" - "な", "高(たか)" - "さ", "高(たか)" - "み", "高(たか)" - "々" 
　　　cf. hunting, hunt, high, haughty, height, eminence, at most	It doesn't stand by itself. 
　Ex. "狩(か)" - "り", "狩(か)" - "る", "高(たか)" - "い", "お" - "高(たか)" - "い", "高(たか)" - "く", "高(たか)" - "らか" - "な", "高(たか)" - "さ", "高(たか)" - "み", "高(たか)" - "々" 
　　　cf. hunting, hunt, high, haughty, height, eminence, at most
－ 	－ 	root (語根)
－ 	－ 	It doesn't stand by itself, but it has a meaning of its own. It works with afix morpheme's help.
　Ex. "狩(か)" - り, "狩(か)" - る, "高(たか)"-い, お-"高(たか)"-い, "高(たか)"-く, "高(たか)" - らか - な, "高(たか)"-さ, "高(たか)"-み, "高(たか)"-々
－ 	－ 	afix (接辞)
－ 	－ 	It doesn't stand by itself, but it has a functional meaning of its own. It helps other root morpheme. 
　Ex. 狩(か) - "り", 狩(か) - "る", 高(たか)-"い", "お"-高(たか)-"い", 高(たか)-"く", 高(たか) - "らか" - "な", 高(たか)-"さ", 高(たか)-"み"
－ 	－ 	Other
－ 	－ 	a mark to repeat previous Kanji. It is spoken previous Kanji's mora. 
　Ex. 高(たか)-々(だか)
Kana Mora (音 / 拍) 	Kana Mora (音 / 拍) 	Kana Mora (音 / 拍)
　Each minimal mora (a moraic phonemes unit) has own Kana letter unit apiece. 
　Each Kana letter unit has a pear of writing style, ひらがな:Hira-gana (casual figure) and カタカナ:Kata-kana (partial figure), like a pair of a capital letter and small letter of alphabet
　　Ex. 
　　　Hira-gana: /a/ = {あ}, /kja/ = {きゃ}
　　　Kata-kana: /a/ = {ア}, /kja/ = {キャ}
　They are sometimes written ローマ字:Roma-ji (Roman alphabet style).
　　Ex. 
　　　Roma-ji: /a/ = {A} or {a}, /kja/ = {Kya} or {kya}, /tu/ = {Tu} or {tu} or {Tsu} or {tsu}	　Each minimal mora (a moraic phonemes unit) has own Kana letter unit apiece. 
　Each Kana letter unit has a pear of writing style, ひらがな:Hira-gana (casual figure) and カタカナ:Kata-kana (partial figure), like a pair of a capital letter and small letter of alphabet
　　Ex. 
　　　Hira-gana: /a/ = {あ}, /kja/ = {きゃ}
　　　Kata-kana: /a/ = {ア}, /kja/ = {キャ}
　They are sometimes written ローマ字:Roma-ji (Roman alphabet style).
　　Ex. 
　　　Roma-ji: /a/ = {A} or {a}, /kja/ = {Kya} or {kya}, /tu/ = {Tu} or {tu} or {Tsu} or {tsu}	　Each minimal mora (a moraic phonemes unit) has own Kana letter unit apiece. 
　Each Kana letter unit has a pear of writing style, ひらがな:Hira-gana (casual figure) and カタカナ:Kata-kana (partial figure), like a pair of a capital letter and small letter of alphabet
　　Ex. 
　　　Hira-gana: /a/ = {あ}, /kja/ = {きゃ}
　　　Kata-kana: /a/ = {ア}, /kja/ = {キャ}
　They are sometimes written ローマ字:Roma-ji (Roman alphabet style).
　　Ex. 
　　　Roma-ji: /a/ = {A} or {a}, /kja/ = {Kya} or {kya}, /tu/ = {Tu} or {tu} or {Tsu} or {tsu}
－ 	Basic Kana Mora (五十音) 	Basic Kana Mora (五十音)
 	　It is written without any mark nor any small supplement letter. They are listed in the 50-mora table. 	　It is written without any mark nor any small supplement letter. They are listed in the 50-mora table.
－ 	－ 	a mora of vowel (母音)
 	 	　It has a small letter for enhancement of Kana mora
　　Ex. /a/ = ｛あ} and {ぁ}, {ア} and {ァ}
　A small Kana letter of the vowel is usually used for composing new Kana mora with a phonome from foreigh lanuages, such as marché 　(market) = マルシェ
－ 	－ 	a mora beginning with a voiceless consonant (清音)
 	 	　It is written without any mark nor any small supplement /j/-line letter
　　Ex. /ka/ = ｛か}{カ}
－ 	Enhanced Kana Mora 	Enhanced Kana Mora
 	　It is written as Basic Mora Kana letter with some mark or/and a small suppliment letter. 	　It is written as Basic Mora Kana letter with some mark or/and a small suppliment letter.
－ 	－ 	a mora beginning with a voiced consonant (濁音)
 	 	　It is written with a mark of "゛(濁点)".
　　Ex. /ba/ = {ば}{バ}
－ 	－ 	a mora beginning with a consonant of /p/(半濁音)
 	 	　It is written with a mark of "゜(半濁点)".
　　EX. /pa/ = {ぱ}{パ}
－ 	－ 	a mora including a vowel with /j/ (拗音)
 	 	　It is written with a small supplement /j/-line letter, such as {ゃ}{ャ}、{ゅ}{ュ}、{ょ}{ョ}.
　　Ex. /kja/ = {きゃ}{キャ}
－ 	－ 	Other
 	 	　An old mora is written with an old Kana letter, such as in old poems.
　　Ex. /wi/ = {ゐ}{ヰ} (usually spoken with /i/ today)
　A mora including some phonemes in dialects, such as Okinawan fruit シークヮーサー
　　Ex. /kwa/ = {くゎ}{クヮ} (usually spoken with /ka/ by other dialect speakers)
　A new mora including some phonemes from foreign language.
　　Ex. /sje/ = {しぇ}{シェ} (= [ɕe̞], usually spoken with similar original phonemes)
－ 	Functional Kana Mora 	Functional Kana Mora
 	　They are like a musical note to perform words Japanese-likely. They are wrtten with a special unique Kana letter. 	　They are like a musical note to perform words Japanese-likely. They are wrtten with a special unique Kana letter.
－ 	－ 	a mora of /N/ (撥音)
 	 	　It is written {ん}{ン}
－ 	－ 	a mora of /Q/ (促音)
 	 	　It is written small {っ}{ッ}
－ 	－ 	a mora of /ː/ (長音)
 	 	　It is written {ー}
Phoneme (音素) 	Phoneme (音素) 	Phoneme (音素)
　They are usually written with // 　Ex. /a/, /k/, /j/ 	　They are usually written with // 　Ex. /a/, /k/, /j/ 	　They are usually written with // 　Ex. /a/, /k/, /j/
－ 	－ 	vowel (母音)
－ 	－ 	　Ex. /a/
－ 	－ 	consonant (子音)
－ 	－ 	　Ex. /k/, /j/
Sound of speech (発音) 	Sound of speech (発音) 	Sound of speech (発音)
　They are usually written with [] 　Ex. [a], [k], [ʲ] 	　They are usually written with [] 　Ex. [a], [k], [ʲ] 	　They are usually written with [] 　Ex. [a], [k], [ʲ]
We used to say, "Say cheese[tʃíːz]!" when we took a picture. A pronunciation of [íː] in cheese can make them smile "にひ[Nihi]" like Luffy, a photogenic smile. But, if the photographer will miss a good opportunity, then all of them on the picture will appear with round lips, like Kizaru... Today, the word at taking a picture changed into another word with end of [íː]. It is more reasonable.
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