Plotinus

Plotinus (c. 204/5 – 270) was a major philosopher of the ancient world. In his philosophy there are three principles: the One, the Intellect, and the Soul. His teacher was Ammonius Saccas and he is of the Platonic tradition. Historians of the 19th century invented the term Neoplatonism and applied it to him and his philosophy which was influential in Late Antiquity. Much of the biographical information about Plotinus comes from Porphyry's preface to his edition of Plotinus' Enneads. Hismetaphysical writings have inspired centuries of Pagan, Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Gnostic metaphysicians and mystics.
== Tossup Questions ==
# This philosopher influenced Renaissance thinkers by claiming that there is more beauty in the art of a beautiful stone statue than in the stone itself. He asserted that beauty does not consist of the symmetry of material parts in his early treatise On Beauty. He argued that a person tortured in the Bull of Phalaris will only feel pain in their lower soul, not their higher soul. Sections of his major work were translated into Arabic under the title The Theology of Aristotle, influencing early Islamic philosophy. His metaphysics is divided into three hypostases: Soul, the Intellect, and the One, which emanates the Intellect and the Soul, and is derived from Plato's concept of the Good. Born in Egypt, he studied philosophy under Ammonius Saccus before teaching in Rome from 244 to 268 CE. FTP, name this Neoplatonist philosopher whose works were collected into the Enneads by his student Porphyry.
# Pierre Hadot's "The Myth of Narcissus" refutes the notion that this man's work is "autoerotic." Ambrose's "On Jacob" draws on a tract wherein this man compared the earthly body of the sage to a lyre that will be used while serviceable though eventually the sage must sing without it. He also compared the process of self-purification to a sculptor chiseling pieces of stone off his work until it is perfect. He claimed the divine love was gentle, unlike "Beauty", which would ultimately be terrifying; that line of argument is the foundation of his Against the Gnostics. He was the subject of a biography by the author of the Isagoge and in this man's philosophy, both Soul and Intellect are progressive emanations of The One, to which he is devoted. For 10 points, name this teacher of Porphyry, a Neoplatonic philosopher who wrote The Enneads.