Kobza Veresaya

Kóbza Veresáya, abo Veresáyivsʹka kóbza — dobre opysana v literaturi kobza vidomoho ukrayinsʹkoho kobzarya Ostapa Veresaya, a takozh instrument takoho klasu (tradytsiynyy narodnyy abo suchasna rekonstruktsiya) vzahali: lyutnepodibnyy okruhlyy symetrychnyy strunno-shchypkovyy, z kilʹkoma strunamy na shyrokomu hryfi bez ladiv, na yakykh hraly, prytyskayuchy yikh do hryfu, ta kilʹkoma prystrunkamy na korpusi, na yakykh hraly v arfopodibnyy sposib. Bula dosytʹ poshyrena v Ukrayini do seredyny XIX stolittya, z chasom vtratyla populyarnistʹ na korystʹ bandury. V 1980-kh rokakh instrument, sposib hry na nʹomu ta repertuar buly rekonstruyovani suchasnymy doslidnykamy. == Istoriya vyvchennya == === Pershi doslidzhennya kobzy Veresaya === Pershym doslidnykom, shcho opysav kobzu Veresaya, buv Mykola Lysenko. Yoho rozvidka «Kharakterystyka muzykalʹnykh osobennostey malorusskykhʺ dumʺ y pѣsenʹ, yspolnyaemykhʺ kobzaremʺ Veresaemʺ», nadrukovana razom iz zapysamy repertuaru Veresaya v 1878 rotsi v broshuri «Kobzarʹ Ostapʺ Veresay eho muzyka y yspolnyaemyya ymʺ narodnyya pѣsny», mistyla korotki etnohrafichni vidomosti, opys instrumentu, sposobu hry na nʹomu, oberezhni sproby provesty paraleli z analohichnymy instrumentamy inshykh narodiv. Za Lysenkom kobza Veresaya, abo bandura, yak vin takozh yiyi nazyvaye, zovnishnʹoyu formoyu skhozha na ispansʹku hitaru. Zaznachyvshy, shcho konstruktsiya instrumentu, imovirno, duzhe davnya, Lysenko takozh z·haduye hretsʹku «panduru», kytaysʹku ta indiysʹku «bynu», krymsʹkotatarsʹku . Takozh vin zauvazhuye, shcho kobza, yaka roz·hlyadayetʹsya, ne ye typovym predstavnykom shchodo yakosti, formy ta materialu, oskilʹky kobzar prodav staru kobzu muzeyu i naskoro zrobyv novu za dopomohoyu stolyariv z korpusom zi zvychaynoyi osykovoyi mysky, v toy chas yak spravzhniy instrument zazvychay robytʹsya z tsilʹnoho kuska derevyny lypy. U chasopysi «Zorya» stattya Lysenka «Narodni muzychni strumenty na Vkrayinyi{{Stattya |avtor = Boyan |nazva = Narodni muzychni strumenty na Vkrayinyi |posylannya = https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/Narodni_muzychni_instrumenty_na_Ukrayini |paralelʹna nazva posylannya = |vydannya = Zorya |mistse = Lʹviv |typ = chasopys |vydavnytstvo = Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka |rik = 1894 |nomer = 1 |storinky = 17-19 |accessdate = 30 Bereznya 2022 |archivedate = 18 Sichnya 2021 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210118111145/https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/Narodni_muzychni_instrume
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 Veresaya's kobza, or Veresaivskaya kobza, is well described in the literature kobza of the famous Ukrainian kobza Ostapa Veresaya, as well as an instrument of this class ( traditional folk or modern reconstruction) in general: a lute-like rounded symmetrical string-plucked instrument, with several strings on a wide fingerboard without frets, played by pressing them against the fretboard, and several [[strings|strings] ] on the body, which were played in a harp-like manner. It was quite common in Ukraine until the middle of the 19th century, over time it lost its popularity in favor of bandura. In the 1980s, the instrument, the way it was played and the repertoire were reconstructed by modern researchers. == Study history == === The first studies of the Veresai kobza === The first researcher to describe the Veresaya kobza was Mykola Lysenko. His research "Characteristics of the musical features of the Little Russian thoughts and songs performed by Kobzar Veresa" was published together with the repertoire of Veresaya in 1878 in the brochure "Kobzar Ostap Veresay his music and folk songs performed by him" <ref name="Lysenko1874">", contained brief ethnographic information, a description of the instrument, the method of playing it, careful attempts to draw parallels with similar instruments of other nations. According to Lysenko, the kobza Veresaya, or bandura, as he also calls it, is similar in appearance to the Spanish guitar. Noting that the construction of the instrument is probably very ancient, Lysenko also mentions the Greek "pandura", the Chinese and Indian "bina", the Crimean Tatar . He also notes that the kobza in question is not typical in terms of quality, shape and material, as the kobzar sold the old kobza to the museum and soon made a new one with the help of carpenters with a body made of a common aspen bowl, while the real instrument is usually made of a whole piece of linden wood. In the magazine "Zorya" the article Lysenko "Folk musical instruments in Ukraine<ref name="Zorya01">{{Article |author = Boyan |name = Folk musical streams in Ukraine | link = https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/Narodni_muzychny_instrumenty_na_Ukraine |parallel link name = | publication = Zorya |place = Lviv |type = journal |publishing house = Scientific Society named after Shevchenko |year = 1894 |number = 1 |pages = 17-19 |accessdate = March 30, 2022 |archivedate = January 18, 2021 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210118111145/https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/Narodni_muzichny_instrume
Category:Ukrainian musical instruments
Category:Alphabet instruments