Sahnalal

Sahnnalal is the native language of the Sahnavey people native to Gwanoi. It translates to "The Tongue of the Stars".
== Phonology and romanization ==
Consonants	Consonants 	Vowels 	Vowels 	
Phoneme 	Roman letter 	Phoneme	Roman letter 	Druan Transliteration (vowels)
/k/ 	k 	i 	i 	5
/t/ 	t 	u 	u 	4
/f/ 	f 	ɑ 	a 	1
θ 	Þ (0254/0222) 	oʊ 	o 	2
/s/ 	s 	ɛ 	e 	3
/ʃ/ 	x 	ʌ 	û (0251/0219)	6
/h/ 	h 	 	 	
/x/ 	h 	 	 	
/m/ 	m 	 	 	
/n/ 	n 	 	 	
/l/ 	l 	 	 	
/w/ 	w 	 	 	
/r/ 	r (end/within) 	 	 	
ɾ 	r (start of word)	 	 	
/j/ 	y 	 	 	
/b/ 	b 	 	 	
/p/ 	p 	 	 	
/d/ 	d 	 	 	
/g/ 	g 	 	 	
* 
== Basic Translations ==
English 	Sahnalal
Man 	Tin
Woman 	Tûf
Tree 	Sapai
A man 	O Tin
The man 	Tin
That man there 	Ac Tin ha
That (said) man 	Ac Tin
Sleep 	Hon
The man sleeps 	Hon Tine
The man slept 	Suhon Tine
The man will sleep 	Kasöhon Tine
The man sees the tree 	Xi Tin Sapaie
The man will see the tree 	Kasuxi Tin Sapaie
The man saw the tree 	Suxi Tin Sapaie
The man who saw the tree sleeps 	Hon suxi Tin Sapaie
The man, who saw the tree, sleeps 	Tin, hon suxi La Sapaie
Does the man see the tree? 	Xi Tin Sapaie?
Where did the man see the tree? 	Xi aw Tin Sapaie?
I know where the man saw the tree. 	Men Go Suxi aw Tin Sapaie
The tree which the man saw. 	Sapai Suxi Tin Le
The man is at the tree. 	Bei aw Sapaie bei Tine
The man is tall. 	Bei Tine ma
i 	Go
You (sing.) 	Hu
He 	Lo
She 	Lo
it 	Lo
We (excl.) 	Goa
We (incl.) 	Ghwa
You (pl.) 	Hwa
They (pl.) 	Loa
The place where the man saw the tree. 	Pan suxi aw Tin Sapaie
If I see the tree, I'll sleep. 	Dokaxi Go Sapaie kahon Ge
When I sleep, I see the man. 	Hon non Ge xi Go Tin
Had I seen/if I had seen the tree, I would have slept.	Dosixi Go Sapaie dosihon Ge
You, sleep! 	Hon (hu) hwe! *double the pronoun for emphasis
I should sleep. (Benefit) 	Bei ayan dohon Ge *"Be good if sleep me"
You shouldn’t/won’t sleep. (Precept) 	Bei emei dohon Hwe *"Be bad if sleep hwe"
I want to sleep. 	Thon hon Ge
My tree is green. 	Bei Sapaie Hago fur
== Sayings ==
Kani Hakenokeno — "Kindness of The Alligator-Folk". Being unnecessarily cruel, especially if unremorsefully.
Þama Embi! — "Spears low!". Traditional battle cry.
== Additional information ==
Word order is VSO, and analytic with respect to nouns, but synthetic with respect to verbs. A subject must be followed by an adjective or an object. if a verb refers to the subject as both subject and object, the subject is dropped and only the objective form exists. Plurals are formed by adding a terminal "-a" to a noun, even if it already ends in "a". Objects in a sentence add the suffix "-e", and will drop any terminal "a"'s. If a plural noun is the object in the sentence, it retains its plural "a", thus forming the suffix "ae". 
Possessive pronouns are considered adjectives and follow adjective rules. Similarly, adverbs are treated as adjectives for the noun or verb they refer to—and so come immediately after them—but take the suffix "-en". While Sahnalal used to simply demarcate adjectives by position in a sentence, adding a terminal "-i" suffix is now ubiquitous. Multiple adjectives follow a hierarchy similar to English (ie. A "red steel car" is different from a "steel red car"). 
* There are "present" and "non-present" tenses. The verb prefix "Su" denotes recent non-present, and "Si" denotes non-recent, non-present.
* Past and future are distinguished by the verb prefix "ka" (to go), which denotes future.
* The non-recent future is rare, and is often used only in reading fate in the stars.
* If a verb is continuous (eg. "I am sleeping", or "I was sleeping"), it takes the prefix "a". 
* Conditional verbs are prefixed by "Do", negative by "Ga", and imperative by "Na".
Verb prefixes always take this order:
Mood - negative - Tense - recent- Aspect - verb
Thus, "if I will not be sleeping" is "Do-ga-ka-su-a-hon".
Additionally, there exists and sort-of vocative/infinitive prefix used only in poetic situations; "Le". 
Nouns can be formed into verbs by adding an "a" suffix where not already present, and if present, changing the "a" to a "u". Similarly, nouns can be formed from verbs by dropping the terminal vowel, or adding an "o" if it ends in a consonant. This can be done to conjugated verbs as well. For example, "to have had kept" — "siÞapen" can become something which had been kept as "Siþapeno". Note that because this is now an adjective/noun, the first letter is capitalized, rather than following verb-rules where prefixes are not capitalized. Adding an "i" to the end of a noun can be used to make an adjective. The superlative is formed by adding "et" as a suffix.
Sahnavey culture rejected gender generations ago, and male and female pronouns are used specifically to refer to male and female bodies when context demands it, and as such are generally considered vulgar. Originally, “Tin” referred to a member of the genderless priestly caste, but as time went on and they became more respected, it became considered vulgar to refer to anyone by their body’s appearance. As such, Sahnalal has lost it’s gendered pronouns, but retains “Xin and “Tuf for when biology demands it.
== Wordlist ==
=== Pronouns ===
Sahnala possesses Subject, Object, and Possessive pronouns. Other cases are expressed through word order and prepositions.
English Pronoun 	Sahnalal Pronoun
I/Me/My 	Go/Ge/Hago
Thou/Thee/Thy 	Hu/Hwe/Hahu
He or She/Him or Her/His or Her	Lo/Loe/Halo
We/Us/Our (excl.) 	Goa/Goe/Hagoa
We/Us/Our (incl.) 	Ghwa/Ghwe/Haghwa
You/You/Your 	Hwa/Hwi/Hahwa
They/Them/Their 	Loa/Loi/Haloa
=== Miscellaneous Words ===
Sahnalal 	English 	Sahnalal 	English
Ga 	No/Not 	Gie 	Yes
Sahn 	Star 	Fur 	Green
Lal 	Tongue 	Posi 	Red
Berok 	Island 	Mowi 	Blue
Rok 	Land 	Bera 	Sea
Wahla 	Clear 	Wahlo 	White
Mowna 	Heaven 	Mik 	Black/Dark
Vey 	Folk 	Sin 	Yellow
Noi 	Home 	Banu 	Child
Baran 	Fate 	Ros 	Elder
Sapai 	Tree 	Þama 	Parent
Tin 	Person 	Rosþama 	Grandparent
Tûf 	Woman 	Fik 	Sibling
Xin 	Man 	Pos 	Fire
Fer 	Earth 	Bwa 	Water
Aie 	Air 	Huwan 	Wind
Embaran 	Curse 	Han 	Voice
Meix 	Rice 	Lop 	Lentil
Þomahawa 	Wild Rice 	Donek 	Soybean
Caras 	Amaranth 	Pars 	Oyster
Parsahn 	Pearl 	Fuir 	Snail
Þalak 	Deer 	Þos 	Cliff
Cax 	Wave 	Samoi 	Cove
Þali 	Cradle 	Gawi 	Baby
Bai 	Shine 	Tesi 	Lover
Bisi 	Light 	Koru 	Shadow
Kotax 	Bamboo 	Hwan 	Creation/World
Sima 	Spirit/Soul 	Pal 	Death
Gros 	Life 	Beigros 	Alive
Pan 	Place 	Nep 	Part
Hak 	Strong 	Nik 	Weak
Hekek 	Strength 	Nikek 	Weakness
Boru 	Rule 	Baen 	Harm/Hurt
Emei 	Bad 	Ayan 	Good
Gor 	Big 	Gin 	Small
Aibui 	Right 	Embui 	Wrong
Taso 	Kill (noun) 	Hwanwey 	Creation-stuff
Veyboru 	Law 	Tinarod 	Council
Baneda 	Hill 	Maþai 	Forest
Tanak 	Rock 	Meros 	Field
Luma 	River 	Bwameros 	Wetland
Meixebwa 	Rice Paddie 	Beraxu 	Coast
Ma 	Tall 	Bat 	Short (height)
Loum 	Long (length) 	Nai 	Short (time)
Dani 	Long (time) 	Li 	Short (length)
Kau 	Broad 	Þom 	Wide
Kieno 	Narrow 	Miliu 	Thin
Xiu 	Hair 	Fiu 	Skin
Pon 	Hand 	Rod 	Head
Pili 	Finger 	Poatili 	Toes
Boras 	Leg 	Þun 	Arm
Birig 	Shoulder 	Lemek 	Neck
Pani 	Belly 	Toru 	Back
Poat 	Foot 	Ani 	Eye
Yeri 	Ear 	Atak 	Tooth
Pau 	Mouth 	Hani 	Nose
Þoma 	Gift 	Þop 	Night
Sahnbaia 	Evening 	Duni 	Day
Xaloia 	Morning/Sunrising 	Xa 	Sun
Xalo 	Sunrise 	Xemeb 	Sunset
Þaiha 	The Guardian (planet) 	Sahn 	Star
Embi 	Low 	Loi 	High
Amas 	Soul 	Boþ 	Body
Maran 	Material (world) 	Peri 	Bird
Maw 	Round 	Perimaw 	Quail
Oka 	Stripe 	Þalakoka 	Okapi
Sima 	Knowledge 	Ganek 	Power
Nifi 	House 	Nifiameix 	Granary
Nifiasima 	Library 	Bori 	Safe
Veyek 	Territory/Province 	Panamus 	City
Tinapan 	Village 	Þuwi 	Free (without cost)
Paponaþuwi 	Indentured Servitude 	Þamai 	Free/Freedom
Kani 	Kind 	Topeni 	Mean
Kano 	Kindness 	Topeno 	Meaness
Panhasimamaþ 	University 	Rokeveyaganek 	Empire
Aveyek 	Nation 	Roþen 	Mountain
Simatalan 	Scholar/Connoisseur 	Haxao 	East
Xemebio 	West 	Tomembio 	North
Bexebio 	South 	Bemebi 	Left
Tomak 	Right (direction) 	Memi 	New
Perek 	Old 	Kaþawim 	Cart
Kalobe 	Ford 	Bapini 	Rapids
Haro 	Shallow 	Nuru 	Deep
Pini 	Fast 	Boro 	Slow
Pakino 	Difference 	Toxek 	Scale
Bobop 	Lump 	Nai 	Other/Second
Þiam 	Family 	Beleg 	Fight
Xiera 	Clothes 	Demo 	Hole
Topenalis 	Wyvern 	Analis 	Lizard
Holuoni 	Together 	Maþoluoni 	Common
Ayanek 	Wealth 	Panhak 	Fort/Fortress
Þam 	Spear 	Paiakun 	Shield
Sapaiþek 	Wood 	Kovi 	Army
Þamatin 	Warrior 	Kovitin 	Soldier
Simapat 	Lecture/Sermon 	Hanaxito 	Writing
Damisan 	Respect 	Baenaboru 	Punishment
Masam 	Belief 	Dosim 	Memory
Hami 	Peace/Calm 	Simo 	Mind
Diu 	Even/Equal 	Beipan 	Location/instead of/on behalf
Deþi 	Value/Moral 	Holuoniwey 	Unity/Togetherness
Tinadiu 	Fellow 	Hwanesima 	Faith/Spirituality
Thing/Stuff (tangible)	Þowi 	Tradition 	
wey 	Stuff (intangible) 	Masamwek 	Opinion
Seþ 	Way 	Wahþama 	Ancestor
Mownek 	Miracle 	Pauban 	Wonder/Awe
Ponboruek 	Institution 	Rodwey 	Leadership
Panapaponamit 	Office 	Masamaibui 	Doctrine/Dogma(s)
Weyharod 	Title 	Denwey 	Ability
Paponamit 	Career/Profession 	Seþan 	Year
Papono 	Work 	Þaiwey 	Month (from Guardian + Time)
Panamowna 	Temple 	Panetax 	Garden
Awdut 	Door/Gate 	Tax 	Plant
Suom 	Food 	Taxasuom 	Crop
Fesum 	Farm 	Sumeros 	Cropfield
Dut 	Wall 	Fedut 	Floor
Þapenau 	Roof 	Mowit 	Sky
Dutit 	Fence 	Seþek 	Path
Seþafer 	Road 	Hamiluon 	Cooperation
Kenem 	Follower 	Simatalanwey 	Teachings
Þiwey 	Time 	Gakimo 	Attack
Þuhk 	Fur/Pelt 	Axu 	Meat
Kokum 	Bone 	Bin 	Animal
Bisim 	Sentient 	Þuhkabin 	Serow
Xas 	Knife 	Xasalu 	Sword
Habesim 	School 	Telavey 	History
Tel 	Story 	Talanai 	Trade
Þiap 	Growth 	Noiavey 	Country
Tesap 	Rain 	Noli 	Snow
Sehan 	Heat 	Veraþ 	Cold (noun)
Maranaþeni 	A magic-blocking substance 	Hwonum 	A magic-absorbing substance
Þam 	Birth 	Peyapos/Perisiþamapos	Phoenix
Wahmik 	Grey 	Þamahwan 	Wand
Bowan 	Bay 	Xolau 	Rivermouth
Saþ 	Snake/Serpent 	Maþiwey 	Eternal
Þiwahwatin 	Wizard/Mage/Sorcerer 	Beisai 	Loyalty
Þiwahwanwey 	Magic 	Padego 	Guard (noun)
Hanhamaþ 	Republic 	Sined 	Senate
Noiaveyrod 	Minister 	Pesehana 	Election
Sinedavey 	Lower House 	Tinarodeloi 	Executive Council/High Council
Kasipesii 	Nominee (far-future chosen) 	Holuonepat 	Political Party
Papon Kasibeii 	Progress (work far-future being)	Þapenevey 	Tradition (keeping of the folk)
Pes Sapaixito 	Ballot (choice paper) 	Sapaixito 	Paper
Samal 	Slope 	Safi 	Pine
Tori 	Far 	Bemebi 	Near
Þiwapat 	News 	Buiri haHanaxit 	Printing Press
Buiri 	Machine/Device 	haNavey 	Half-Breed, Hybrid
Raxi 	Eagle 	Beraxi 	Osprey, Sea-Eagle
Laxubori 	Harbour, Port 	Laxu 	Shore
Walanhwû 	Butterfly 	Hwû 	Wing
Walan 	Flower 	Balel 	Bee
Þimobu 	Tea 	Hasan 	Leaf
Balûm 	Mushroom 	Balûm Harak 	Whiterim Mushroom
Lopesik 	Pea 	Sematan 	Alone
Bolog 	Start/Beginning 	Temin 	End
Eyrod 	Lord/Chief 	Gaþ 	Great
Rodegaþ 	Great Lord/King 	Rodegaþek 	Kingdom
Eyrodek 	Chiefdom/Lordship/Duchy 	Paponomus 	Factory/Company (many work)
Sahnahwula 	Priest 	Patihwanesimatin 	Missionary
Holuonimusek/Holunisek	Coalition/Alliance/Assembly 	Bwawahla 	Liquor
Þiwameix 	Rice Liquor 	Kapul 	Room (structural)
Paneg 	Market 	Soxen 	Fish
Tairok 	Foreign land/Outland 	Sahnabaran 	Comet (fate-star)
Hwulekovitin 	Police 	Piniek 	Game
Þumegaþi 	Crown/Headdress 	Þûm 	Hat
=== Loanwords ===
Sahnalal 	English 	Origin
Ise 	Money 	Doqnokarr
Kenekeno 	Alligatorian 	Doqnokarr
Severi 	Sverrir 	Sverrir
Arak 	Arrak 	Arrakdoqnod
Owapani 	Owampanese 	Kjeropan
Viritalamen	Vritlamaenn 	Vlides Galira
Iti 	Te Iti 	Asaiti
Zatan 	Zautans 	Zauyatul
Keieropan 	Kjeropan 	Kjeropan
Kolikana 	War 	Kjeropan
Sined 	Senate 	Calai
Okereno 	The Southwest Peninsula	Doqnokarr
Gedot 	Qedot River 	Arrakdoqnod
Inosuri 	Rail/Train 	Irinoslwen
Tere 	Dark Beer 	Vienta
Kohtoni 	Strong Dark Beer 	Vienta
Abero 	Cheap Liquor 	Abrocerulean
Betavas 	Liquor (Aimlowy) 	Teneva
Hofeli 	Hofele 	Anseme Gabanga
=== List of Verbs ===
Sahnalal 	English 	Sahnalal 	English
Bei 	To be 	Xi 	To see
Hon 	To sleep 	Bor 	To have
Den 	Can 	Semo 	To use
Car 	To make 	Ka 	To go
Loia 	To rise 	Baia 	To shine
Emebia 	To lower 	Mika 	To darken
Habe 	To get 	Pake 	To take
Pati 	To speak 	Mow 	To hear
Hwul 	To watch 	Mowin 	To listen
Buir 	To do 	Þeni 	To touch
Waihi 	To fade 	Þowu 	To appear
Papona 	To work 	Seluw 	To rest
Topen 	To be mean 	Kan 	To be kind
Talana 	To give 	Þawim 	To carry
Amin 	To ask 	Kepen 	To stop
Demelin 	To remove 	Þapen 	To keep/hold
Melein 	To please 	Hwuh 	To blow
Gaxin 	To bring 	Holuon 	To gather
Numo 	To eat 	Xit 	To scratch
Hanaxit 	To write 	Siton 	To ask
Simapati 	To preach 	Haxi 	To show
Damisana 	To respect 	Ban 	To stay
Baenaborua 	To punish 	Patilega 	To threaten
Belega 	To fight 	Masama 	To believe
Dosima 	To remember 	Hamia 	To calm
Rodu 	To lead 	Pola 	To call
Habesimu 	To study/learn 	Bahmia 	To tolerate
Gaka 	To forbid 	Tesa 	To love
Tuna 	To Hate 	Das 	To come
Dasetoru 	To return 	Gieka 	To allow/permit
Simu 	To know 	Awa 	To open
Caun 	To close 	Kenemu 	To follow
Simatalana 	To teach 	Gebuir 	To obey
Dexema 	To need 	Þiwa 	To turn
Gakim 	To attack 	Kerana 	To wake
Pagin 	To lose (something)	Paihan 	To lose (not win)
Basoa 	To win 	Xasa 	To cut
Tela 	To tell 	Þiapa 	To grow
Sehta 	To sneak 	Emeseþ 	To steal
Þiwabei 	To become 	Pesi 	To choose
Padeg 	To guard 	Xûm 	To stand
Kes 	To sit 	Patihwanesimu	To go on a mission
Boneg 	To sell 	Kater 	To buy
Emeseþ Simu	To spy 	Þaxes 	To care
Tas 	To kill 	Faweg 	To want
Taseg 	To wish 	 	
==== Prepositions and Determiners and other useful things ====
Sahnalal	English 	Sahnalal	English
Non 	When 	Wa 	Where
Feit 	Why 	Fen 	Who
Þau 	How 	Mek 	And
Yol 	Or 	Maþ 	All
Gan 	None 	Fut 	Some
Kem 	That (clause)	Tos 	So
Pum 	In 	Tai 	Out
Pon 	On 	Siun 	Under
Kaloi 	Over 	Haloi 	Above
We 	What 	Maxi 	Between
Maþi 	Whole 	Felik 	Which
Maþelik 	Every 	Siwey 	Before
Kasiwey 	After 	Sifelik 	Such
Doso 	Again 	O- 	Un-/Dis-
Gas 	But 	Gayol 	Nor
Denebe 	Maybe 	Api 	Only
Noni 	While 	Namit 	Ever
Det 	With 	Gadet 	WIthout
Þos 	Thus 	Gaþek 	Nothing
Deþek 	Anything 	Futeþek 	Something
Maþek 	Everything 	Deþ 	Any
Þi 	As 	Ac 	That (object)
Tus 	For 	Mus 	Many
Tusfeit 	Because 	Kasiwa 	Since
Das 	From 	Þis 	To
== Numbers ==
The Sahnavey counting system is base-12, and uses two rhyming couplets of six to build the base numbers. Ordinals and fractionals are formed by adding the genitive prefix: "ha".
Number	Sahnalal	Number	Sahnalal	English
1 	Ap 	24 	Nafi 	2*12
2 	Na 	36 	Mifi 	3*12
3 	Mi 	48 	Tofi 	4*12
4 	To 	120 	Vi 	120
5 	Gu 	180 	Vi sifi 	120+6*12
6 	Si 	240 	Navi 	2*120
7 	Lap 	360 	Mivi 	3*120
8 	Xa 	1200 	Xi 	1200
9 	Ki 	 	 	
10 	Lo 	 	 	
11 	Mu 	 	 	
12 	Fi 	 	 	
Category:Languages
Category:Gwanoi