Bo Burnham

Robert Pickering "Bo" Burnham (born August 21, 1990) is an American stand-up comedian, musician, YouTuber, actor, and filmmaker. Burnham's work combines elements of filmmaking with music, sketch, and stand-up comedy, often with a dramatic or tragic twist, left open to his fans for interpretation.
In 2006, Burnham created a YouTube channel, where he uploaded videos of him playing comedic songs that he created on his own, often featuring wordplay and taboo or dark subject matter. Despite only being in his late teens, his music videos quickly went viral, making him one of the earliest YouTube stars. He began creating albums featuring his songs, such as Bo fo Sho (2008) or the self-titled album Bo Burnham (2009).
As time went on, Burnham switched his focus from YouTube to performing stand-up comedy routines, which combined his comedy songs with regular stand-up. He released three comedy specials, Words Words Words (2010), what. (2013), and Make Happy (2016). He also worked on the music and script for a scrapped comedy film, and created and starred in the MTV mockumentary series Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous (2013) along with publishing the poetry book Egghead: Or, You Can't Survive on Ideas Alone (2013).
After Make Happy, Burnham announced his intention to step away from live performance in 2016, which he later revealed to be due to him suffering from anxiety and experiencing panic attacks on stage. He went on to make his filmmaking debut as the writer and director of the drama film Eighth Grade (2018) and began directing other comedians' comedy specials, as well as co-starring in the dark comedy thriller film Promising Young Woman (2020).
Burnham returned to performing with his fourth comedy special, Inside (2021), which he created in his home without a crew or audience during the COVID-19 pandemic; it was released by Netflix to widespread acclaim and was nominated in six categories at the 73rd Emmy Awards, winning Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special, Outstanding Music Direction, and Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special. At the 64th Grammy Awards, Inside was nominated for Best Music Film and Best Song Written for Visual Media, winning the latter. Three songs from the special appeared also on the Billboard charts and were certified gold in the United States, as was the accompanying album Inside (The Songs).
== Early life[edit] ==
Robert Pickering Burnham was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts,[2] on August 21, 1990, the son of hospice nurse Patricia and construction company owner Scott Burnham.[3] His mother's work was covered in a 2014 episode of This American Life.[4][5] He has an older sister named Samm and an older brother named Pete, both of whom work for their father's construction company.[6] Burnham was raised Catholic and attended St. John's Preparatory School in Danvers, Massachusetts, where he received a free education as his mother was the school's nurse at the time.[5] He made the honor roll and was involved in theater and the campus ministry program; he graduated in 2008.[3][5][7] He was accepted into the New York University Tisch School of the Arts to study experimental theatre,[8] but deferred his admission for a year to pursue a career in comedy and eventually never attended.[9]
== Career[edit] ==
=== 2006–2008: Beginnings on YouTube[edit] ===
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BoBurnham.jpg|left|thumb|Burnham at The Improv in September 2008
Burnham began his career on YouTube in 2006. In December 2006, he wanted to show two songs he had written to his older brother Pete, who had left the family home to attend university in New York City.[10] A friend suggested that he film himself performing the songs in his bedroom and post them on YouTube, which was then a relatively new website.[10] His song "My Whole Family..." quickly became popular when the link to its YouTube video was shared on Break.com, soon leading to it being shared on other sites.[3]
Accompanying himself on guitar or digital piano, Burnham continued to release self-described "pubescent musical comedy"[10] songs and videos online as his audience grew. Described in The Boston Globe as "simultaneously wholesome and disturbing, intimate in a folksy-creepy sort of way", Burnham wrote and released songs about white supremacy, Helen Keller's disabilities, homosexuality, and more.[3] All of Burnham's early videos were recorded in and around his family's home, mostly in his bedroom,[3][5] and had an intentional "do-it-yourself [feel], almost like voyeurism".[11]
Burnham's music and performances tackle such subjects as class, race, gender, human sexuality, sex, and religion.[12] Burnham describes his on-stage persona as a "more arrogant, stuck-up version [of] himself".[13] When speaking with The Detroit News about his rapping, he expressed his intent to honor and respect the perspective and culture of hip-hop music.[14]
Burnham recorded a performance in London for Comedy Central's The World Stands Up in January 2008 (aired June 30),[3][15] making him the youngest person to do so at the age of 17,[16] and signed a four-record deal with Comedy Central Records.[17] Comedy Central Records released Burnham's first EP, the six-song Bo fo Sho, as an online release-only album on June 17, 2008.[9][10] Burnham's first full album, the self-titled Bo Burnham, was released on March 10, 2009.[18]
=== 2009–2016: Stand-up and comedy specials[edit] ===
Burnham has performed his music in the United States, including Cobb's Comedy Club, YouTube Live in San Francisco,[19] and Caroline's Comedy Club in New York City,[9] and internationally in London and Montreal. In August 2010, Burnham was nominated for "Best Comedy Show" at the 2010 Edinburgh Comedy Awards after his inaugural performance (of Bo Burnham: Words, Words, Words).[20] He instead received the "Panel Prize", a £5,000 prize for "the show or act who has most captured the comedy spirit of the 2010 Fringe".[21][22]
While performing at the Montreal Just for Laughs festival in 2008,[9] Burnham met with director and producer Judd Apatow.[23] In September 2008, he negotiated with Universal Pictures to write and create the music for an Apatow-produced comedy film which he described as the "anti-High School Musical",[5][24] although he insisted that the script is not a parody of the Disney musicals, but rather an attempt to emulate the high school he attended. Hoping to also star in the film, Burnham told Wired that he named the lead character after himself in a "not-so-subtle hint".[25] In a March 2009 interview with Boston's Weekly Dig, he said that he was spending eight hours a day writing the music for the film and spending his evenings writing the script.[26] Burnham's high school friend Luke Liacos was co-writing the screenplay.[27] In an October 2010 interview on MTV, Burnham admitted that he did not know anything about the future of the project, and that it was all effectively up in the air as far as he knew.[28]
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bo_Burnham_in_Pittsburgh_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Burnham in April 2012
On March 3, 2009, 15 Westminster College students (members of the campus' Gay-Straight Alliance, Black Students Association, International Club, and Cultural Diversity Organization) protested his concert there that evening, due to his use of homophobic and racist terms in performances. Of the controversy, he said, "It's so ironic because gay bashers were the ones labeling me in high school. ... I try and write satire that's well-intentioned. But those intentions have to be hidden. It can't be completely clear and that's what makes it comedy." Despite the college's admission that they had booked Burnham while ignorant of his show's material, dean of students John Comerford praised the opportunities for discourse the controversy brought the school.[12][29] In May 2009, viral marketing began appearing for Funny People, in which Burnham starred in an NBC sitcom called Yo Teach! In the promo, he starred opposite Jason Schwartzman as a student in the latter's English class.[30]
On May 21, 2010, Burnham taped his first one-hour stand-up special, entitled Words Words Words,[31] for Comedy Central from the House of Blues in Boston as part of the network's new "House of Comedy" series of stand-up specials; it aired on Comedy Central on October 16, 2010, and was released for purchase two days later. Burnham finished in first place at the 2011 Comedy Central Stand-up Showdown.[32]
In 2013, Burnham wrote, executive-produced, and starred in Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous alongside Dan Lagana, Luke Liacos, and Dave Becky.[33][34] The series was cancelled after one season.[35] He also released a book of poetry called Egghead: Or, You Can't Survive on Ideas Alone.
Burnham's second special, what., was released on both Netflix and YouTube on December 17, 2013.[36] His third special, Make Happy, was produced by Netflix and released on June 3, 2016.[37][38][39]
=== 2017–2020: Filmmaking and Eighth Grade[edit] ===
Burnham wrote and directed his first feature film, Eighth Grade, which was produced and distributed by A24 and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2018.[40] The film has been universally acclaimed; among other accolades, it received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – First-Time Feature Film.[41][42] It garnered a 99% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 326 reviews,[43][when?] and holds an average rating of 89 out of 100 on Metacritic.[44]
Burnham directed Jerrod Carmichael's comedy special 8 (2017) for HBO and Chris Rock's comedy special Tamborine (2018) for Netflix. In an interview with Vulture, he discussed his directorial outlook when directing a comedy special: "I approached [the special], which was me taking stock of the feelings that I get out of watching this person perform and asking, 'How can I recreate that for the audience as best as possible? How can I make a good container for the thing?' But the thing is being provided by them, so a lot of directing is just getting out of their way."[45]
In 2019, it was announced Burnham would contribute songs to an upcoming Sesame Street film.[46]
In 2020, Burnham played the protagonist's love interest Ryan Cooper in the black comedy revenge thriller film Promising Young Woman.[47] The film debuted at the Sundance Film Festival, where it received critical acclaim, and was later nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.[48][49] In an interview, Burnham said, "This is a story I could never tell. This is a perspective I don't have. After doing my own things, it's like I really like the idea of, I just want to serve someone else's vision."[50]
In March 2021, Burnham was cast as Boston Celtics legend Larry Bird in Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty from HBO.[51] Due to scheduling conflicts he left the series in August 2021.[52]
=== 2021–present: Inside[edit] ===
In April 2021, Burnham ended his social media hiatus to announce that his fourth special, Inside,[53][54][55] would be released on May 30. Created by Burnham alone in his home's guest house without a crew or audience during the COVID-19 pandemic,[56] Inside received widespread acclaim.[57][58][59] It was nominated in six categories for the 73rd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, winning three for Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Writing, and Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special.[37][60][61] Burnham also received two nominations at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Music Film and Best Song Written for Visual Media ("All Eyes on Me"),[62][63] although the special was ruled ineligible for Best Comedy Album.[64] Three songs from the album ("Bezos I", "All Eyes on Me", and "Welcome to the Internet") earned Burnham his first charting songs on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 and Global 200 charts.[65] They were certified gold in the United States, as was the accompanying album, Inside (The Songs) , and later Inside (Deluxe).
Burnham directed, edited, and executive produced Carmichael's comedy special Rothaniel (2022), which received acclaim, including the 74th Emmy award for best writing for a variety special.[66][67][68]
On May 30, 2022, the first anniversary of Inside, Burnham released 63 minutes of unseen footage from the special on YouTube,[69] titled The Inside Outtakes. In June 2022, he released an accompanying album with the same name containing all the songs from the video and two new others. He also released Inside (Deluxe), an album containing all of the songs from Inside and the outtakes, as well as all of the ambient and instrumental tracks from the special and its outtakes.[70]
Burnham reportedly submitted "Five Years" from The Inside Outtakes to the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards,[71] though it was not nominated. At the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, Inside (Deluxe Box Set) was nominated for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package.[72]
== Style[edit] ==
Burnham's comedic style is often categorized as satire,[73][74][75] covering topics such as homophobia, mental illness, sexism, and racism for both shock value and social commentary. He has cited Kate Berlant, Catherine Breillat, George Carlin, John Cassavetes, Flight of the Conchords, Mitch Hedberg, Anthony Jeselnik, Stephen Lynch, Demetri Martin, Steve Martin, Tim Minchin, and Hans Teeuwen as influences.[76][77][78] He named Steve Martin as being the most important of these.[79] His musical style has also drawn comparisons to Tom Lehrer,[80][81][82][83] and he was reported to have written his 2009 song "New Math" as a tribute to Lehrer's 1965 song of the same name.[80]
== Controversy[edit] ==
Burnham said of controversy surrounding his older material in 2009, "I try and write satire that's well-intentioned. But those intentions have to be hidden. It can't be completely clear, and that's what makes it comedy."[73] As his career progressed, he began expressing regret for his early material, which he described as "shock-jock offensive comedy done by a 16-year-old without any tact".[84] During press for his film Eighth Grade in 2018, he used the controversies surrounding his work to express concerns about the new concept of teenagers' mistakes being immortalized online: "I'm happy to be an example of someone who failed out loud publicly, in a certain way, and who has hopefully been able to evolve and get past that. And I do worry that kids don't have that freedom anymore."[85] In an interview with NPR, he said that he has "a lot of material from back then that [he's] not proud of and [thinks] is offensive and not helpful".[86] He further addressed this topic on the song "Problematic" from his 2021 comedy special Inside.[87][88]
== Personal life[edit] ==
Burnham lives in Los Angeles.[89] He dated filmmaker Lorene Scafaria from 2013 to 2022.[90] In January 2023, it was rumored that he had split up with Scafaria and was dating musician Phoebe Bridgers.[91][92] Eight months later, Bridgers confirmed their relationship.[93]
Known to be a private person, Burnham usually avoids giving interviews unless he is promoting a new project.[94] Since the release of Inside in May 2021, he has not discussed his work in public or granted any interviews at all.[94] He had also abandoned his social media profiles by December 2022.[95][96] Having previously referenced struggling with anxiety and panic attacks, particularly surrounding his creative work and performances,[89] he confirmed in Inside that this was the reason he walked away from live performance.[97]
== Work[edit] ==
=== Filmography[edit] ===
==== Film[edit] ====
Bo Burnham film work
Year	Title 	Role 	Notes 	Ref.
2009	American Virgin 	Rudy 	 	[98]
2009	Funny People 	Yo Teach! Cast Member	 	[98]
2011	Hall Pass 	Bartender 	 	[99]
2012	Adventures in the Sin Bin	Tony 	 	[100]
2017	The Big Sick 	CJ 	 	[101]
2017	Rough Night 	Tobey 	 	[102]
2018	Eighth Grade 	— 	Writer, director	[40]
2020	Promising Young Woman 	Ryan Cooper 	 	[49]
==== Television[edit] ====
Bo Burnham television work
Year	Title 	Role 	Credited as	Credited as	Credited as	Notes 	Ref.
Year	Title 	Role 	Director 	Producer 	Editor 	Notes 	Ref.
2010	Words, Words, Words 	Himself 	No 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special 	[103]
2011	The Green Room with Paul Provenza 	Himself 	No 	No 	No 	Episode: "Episode 1" 	[104]
2013	what. 	Himself 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special; co-director 	[105]
2013	Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous 	Zach Stone 	No 	Yes 	No 	12 episodes; also, co-creator, writer	[106]
2014	Parks and Recreation 	Chipp McCapp 	No 	No 	No 	Episode: "Flu Season 2" 	[107]
2015	Key and Peele 	Lyle 	No 	No 	No 	Episode: "A Cappella Club" 	[108]
2015	Kroll Show 	Diz 	No 	No 	No 	2 episodes 	[109]
2016	Make Happy 	Himself 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special; co-director 	[110]
2016	We Bare Bears 	Andrew Bangs (voice)	No 	No 	No 	Episode: "Nom Nom's Entourage" 	[111]
2017	Comrade Detective 	Sergiu (voice) 	No 	No 	No 	Episode: "The Invisible Hand" 	[112]
2017	Jerrod Carmichael: 8 	— 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special 	[113]
2018	Chris Rock: Tamborine 	— 	Yes 	No 	No 	Comedy special 	[114]
2019	Jerrod Carmichael: Home Videos 	— 	No 	Yes 	No 	Special 	
2019	Jerrod Carmichael: Sermon on the Mount	— 	No 	Yes 	No 	Special 	
2019	Lil Rel Howery: Live in Crenshaw 	— 	No 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special 	
2020	Whitmer Thomas: The Golden One 	— 	No 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special 	
2021	Inside 	Himself 	Yes 	Yes 	Yes 	Comedy special 	[55]
2022	Jerrod Carmichael: Rothaniel 	— 	Yes 	Yes 	Yes 	Comedy special 	
2022	Kate Berlant: Cinnamon in the Wind 	— 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	Comedy special released on Hulu 	
2024	Jerrod Carmichael Reality Show 	Himself 	No 	No 	No 	Documentary series 	
=== Discography[edit] ===
Main article: Bo Burnham discography
* Bo Burnham (2009)
* Words, Words, Words (2010)
* what. (2013)
* Inside (The Songs) (2021)
=== Tours[edit] ===
Bo Burnham tours
Year 	Title 	Ref.
2009 	Fake ID Tour 	[115]
2010 	Bo Burnham and (No) Friends	[116]
2011–2012	Bo Burnham Live 	[117]
2013 	what. Tour 	[118]
2015–2016	Make Happy Tour 	[119]
=== Bibliography[edit] ===
* Egghead: Or, You Can't Survive on Ideas Alone (2013)[120][121][122]
== Awards and nominations[edit] ==
At the 2010 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, he was nominated for the main Edinburgh Comedy Award and won both the Edinburgh Comedy Awards' panel prize and the Malcolm Hardee "Act Most Likely to Make a Million Quid" Award.[123]
For his 2018 film Eighth Grade and 2021 comedy special Inside he received several awards and nominations for his writing and directing, including the following: