Moderne art

Id wekwos Moderne Art, os journalistic origin, prohp unte ia 1870tias in France, kay kyuses id artistic production quod emers ab ia 1850-1860tias. Unte dwoter dwidel ios XXt secule, Artistes ed critiquers hant lakin skult enderkwites, eni id periode ios moderne art, id recentst creation namdehnd-ye id ka muassir art. 
==Un cultural rupture==
In id Historia ios occidental civilisation, tehrbent bihe situet medsu id XIXt secule ia mehldsignes uns profund esthetic mutation. Tod tyehct ex id progressive exhaustion om un stylistic grammatic ed un formenrepertuar, bo heriten ex Renaissance, betschi ex id brinegh om nov techniques, product ios Industrial Revolution. Senters ghehde enquestione sem traditional expressionsproceddats - besonters photographia ab ia 1840tias, binisbat pingen -, betschi porge nov wassilas permittend id creation om tuntro netyeicet wehrgs - mathalan, med id neud os metall in architecture. 
Ta factors intervene eti unte id cultural contexte induct ab id enplacen os liberal capitalisme ed iom democratic societats : mercatseconomia, emancipation al individu, disparition iom traditional hierarchias, decline ios religieus, adgumt unios masse culture...
Oin im presten qui kwaht ia auskend changes, Baudelaire (1821-1867), prekheisst id gnahsa unios "moderne art", sohkwios om fugitive ed neghabim, refuse iom reuls ed primatia ios personalitat al artiste, vol os ambhrisses id essential. 
 Id Eiffel Tor (Franceois : la tour Eiffel) est un 324 meters hog (samt antennes) tor ex peudelsider, ye id nordwest bors ios park ios Champ-de-Mars ana id Seine in id 7im arrondissement. Construgen ab Gustave Eiffel ed eys collaborators pro id 1889 Tienxia Exposition os Paris, ed in-kap namen "300 meters hog tor", tod monument hat biht id symbol ios franceois nagor, ed un prest nivell touristic site. 
==Ia prest manifestations==
Id presto signe uns rupture est id affirmation, inter 1865 ed 1890, ios franceois pictural rupture quod bihsiet kwit ka "impressioniste". Nov spect ep id nature, vol os capture id ephemer ed os kapane id luce, original technique, taala os color ye id detriment os forme, impressionisme impliet un dworis pingen, exter id atelier, possibliht ab id industrial production om poigs in tubes quod leudhert el artiste ud id makhen iom chats. Ye id sam moment, id antslehnken om railvias, ia naudhs ios industrie, urbspand, oblige ad construge brigvs, vasta tegosta sarays, plaut binas. Ta wans, yuct ibs progressims os metallurgia, surregeihnt id nov type al ingenieur-architecte, creator om aunpreceddent metallic structures, de quo weitwoddt, unte id 1889 Tienxia Exposition in Paris, id tor edifien ab Eiffel.
Albatta, id opinion dussehkwt. Unte decennia, moderne artistes sont dusprimen, hatta rejecen ab un public quos gust remant majoritat-ye derv ibs classic formes; yed id breche ghyant unte dwoter dwidel ios XIXt secule ne stopt weurerasce. Circum 1890, i pos-impressioniste pictors explore nova vias, puscend do id maximum id decomposition ios luce (Seurat), abandonend-se alnos iri subjectivitat (Van Gogh), tentend udlites id apparence iom formes kay dostighes id structure (Cézanne). Neti biht iskwn reproduce id real, sontern biht interpreten. 
Eti, tiel 1905, per id experiment ios Art-Nouveau, biht duct un tentative definition os un style piwto med symbolisme ed naturalisme - ids formes sont inspiret ex id vegetal mund -, total art ambghehrdend vasya esthetic manifestations ed alnos asadihn ex historic reference. 
 Swoportrait (1898-1900) os Paul Cézanne (1839-1906, bo in Aix-en-Provence), franceois pictor, member ios impressioniste movment, ayto iom precursor om pos-impressionisme ed cubisme.
==Id art ios XXt secule==
Id europay expansion ed id skeipen iom colonial empires aunstehgeihvs id esthetic opnos om diu misgnohn, hatta honnen non-occidental cultures, pelu artistes paurske udnovensiswors, preter in Downgjien, dind bi ia saygen "primitive" arts (Africa, Oceania). 
Id inkapem ios XXt secule vidt un brusk acceleration ios esthetic revolution. Menxu i architectes, qui brunge id invention os stalbeton, tyehgve ia ornaments po un barekweit quod kyunggiawt ia structures iom edifice ed kun ia Uniet Stats os America invente id nebhskrehb, id pictural paursken perispandt. In id continuation os Cézanne, is Franceois Braque, is Espaniol Picasso geometrise ed decompone id object. In Central Europe, i expressionistes (Kirchner, Nolde) uperwehrte med id gvalt ios color ed ios trait id angst ed id pamrlan. In Italia, i futuristes (Marinetti) tente restitue id dynamisme ios industrial mund. In Russia, id rupture con kip duct uni pur-ye abstract subjective pingen (Malevich, Kandinsky). Ornuwen serter do id sok po nova formes, sculpture participet ep sien roig id aventure ios moderne art ed sem creators gwehme do exmehne un global art, quer esient abolihn ia grances inter ia ilms (Russian constructivisme). 
Id dwoi ed id moral crise gohnt ab Mund Weir Oin dehnt un fin tei euphoria. Sei pleist movments prohpta pre id weir natyehce ep ir elan unte ia 1920-1930tias, sem artistes, kam Duchamp, enquestione, derision-ye, idpet artistic gwayt (dadayisme); alyi, influen ab psychanalyse ed tarafdars ios surrealiste thematique, concepe un pingen quod reflect id newiss (Magritte, Tanguy, Dali)
Mund Weir Dwo som-deilt id esthetic deursia do individual paurskens au ephemer microscols. New York, quetro pelu europay artistes hant endergwohmt kay fuges ia totailtaira regimes, hostile dia id moderne art kohnsto "decadent", biht tant - hatta meis - quem Paris, un centre os creation. 
Yed, sei id effervescence remant intense, sei id esthetique bohrn ab moderne arto kreikreict id gust uns plauter public, nov trends wardhe, profunder-ye : ia plastic paurskens os Giacometti au Bacon, transcendend ia mode effects, reflege id collective inconscient uns hol zaman. Pos 1960 swehnde ia provocant etibehdens om steril-ye repetibund-se vanguardias. 
In ia USA, id Pop art (Warhol) raunstehcskwt id object in ids cadadien trivialitat; figurative kip reprehpt (hyperrealisme). In architecture, id pos-modernisme (advoquen ab Jencks ed Venturi) contestet id international uniformitat impost ab id stumpen apter technique, ed reintroduct fantasia ed id reference ibs local au historic traditions.
Category:Historia ios Art