DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the authoritative reference guide published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) on diagnoses for healthcare professionals in the United States. The DSM includes descriptions and symptoms for diagnosing mental disorders. It provides healthcare professionals with a standard language and guide to diagnose and describe disorders. Each diagnosis is linked to an ICD code and therefore able to be used for insurance billing. DSM-5 is the newest version of the book. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/feedback-and-questions/frequently-asked-questions
=== History and development ===
In the 19th century, there was an attempt to formally classify psychopathology for the purpose of regulating treatment for people in institutionalized settings. https://web.archive.org/web/20190305083234id_/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cffa/a1c2198954646deeca25646720b24a435cd6.pdf At that time, health and mental disorders were mainly seen as individual issues rather than general, widespread problems. In 1918, the American Medico-Psychological Association (now the APA) first created a standard language for psychological conditions and titled it The Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for the Insane. This catalogue is now considered to be the precursor to the DSM. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282636/ As psychodynamic theory became more popular in the 1950s, the APA Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics began to work on a way to conceptualize and classify mental illness. The first edition of the DSM was then released in 1952, with 102 diagnostic categories. Since this time, the DSM has been revised four additional times, and is on its current 5th edition, which was released in 2013. The fifth edition was revised with 200 top clinicians and researchers from around the world to consult in review groups. 
=== DSM-5 revisions ===
The DSM-5's biggest changes since the 4th edition included updates to the Prevalence, Risk and Prognostic Factors, Culture-Related Diagnostic Issues, Sex- and Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues, Association with Suicidal Thoughts or Behavior, and Comorbidity sections.
The DSM-5 also combined several diagnoses (e.g. Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS) into the "autism spectrum" label.
=== Limitations ===
The DSM-5 has been criticized for having inconsistent interrater reliability among disorders, although others point out that the DSM-5 disorders contain a wide range of severity and would therefore be difficult to be generally reliable.https://www.psychdb.com/teaching/1-history-of-dsm Some feel the DSM relies too heavily on a medical model and overly stresses pharmacological treatment https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112449/ The APA has further been criticized for not including culturally-competent formulations. While the DSM-5 has expanded on cultural considerations in Section III, the DSM is still critiqued for not including personal strengths/weaknesses or protective/risk factors in diagnostic criteria, as these can be culturally-driven https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219073/
== References ==
Category:DSM