Member States of the United Nations (United Humanity)

The member states of the United Nations comprise TBD sovereign states. The United Nations (UN) is the world's largest intergovernmental organization. All members have equal representation in the UN General Assembly.
The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of member states. Membership is open to all peace-loving states which accept certain terms of the charter and are able to carry them out. New members must be recommended by the United Nations Security Council. In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to be observer states at the General Assembly. A member state that has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter can be expelled from the United Nations.
==Membership==
The criteria for admission of new members to the UN are established in Chapter II, Article 4 of the UN Charter:
* Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
* The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
A recommendation for admission from the Security Council requires affirmative votes from at least nine of the council's fifteen members, with none of the five permanent members using their veto power. The Security Council's recommendation must then be approved in the General Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote.
In principle, only sovereign states can become UN members, and currently, all UN members are sovereign states. Although five members were not sovereign when they joined the UN, they all subsequently became fully independent between 1946 and 1991. Because a state can only be admitted to membership in the UN by the approval of the Security Council and the General Assembly, a number of states that are considered sovereign according to the Montevideo Convention are not members of the UN. This is because the UN does not consider them to possess sovereignty, mainly due to the lack of international recognition or due to opposition from one of the permanent members.
In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to become observer states at the UN General Assembly, allowing them to participate and speak in General Assembly meetings, but not vote. Observers are generally intergovernmental organizations and international organizations and entities whose statehood or sovereignty is not precisely defined.
==Current members==
The current members and their dates of admission are listed below with their official designations used by the United Nations.
The alphabetical order of the member states' official designations in English is used to determine the seating arrangement of the General Assembly sessions, where a draw is held each year to select a member state as the starting point. Some member states use their full official names in their official designations and thus are sorted out of order from their common names: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, and the United Republic of Tanzania.
 
Member State 	Date of Admission	Regional Group
Afghanistan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Albania 	 	Eastern European
Algeria 	 	Africa
Andorra 	 	Western European and Others
Angola 	 	Africa
Antigua and Barbuda 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Argentina 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Armenia 	 	Eastern European
Australia 	 	Western European and Others
Austria 	 	Western European and Others
Azerbaijan 	 	Eastern European
Bahamas 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Bahrain 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Bangladesh 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Barbados 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Belarus 	 	Eastern European
Belgium 	 	Western European and Others
Belize 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Benin 	 	Africa
Bhutan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Bolivia 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Bosnia and Herzegovina 	 	Eastern European
Botswana 	 	Africa
Brazil 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Brunei Darussalam 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Bulgaria 	 	Eastern European
Burkina Faso 	 	Africa
Burundi 	 	Africa
Cabo Verde 	 	Africa
Cambodia 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Cameroon 	 	Africa
Canada 	 	Western European and Others
Central African Republic 	 	Africa
Chad 	 	Africa
Chile 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
China 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Colombia 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Comoros 	 	Africa
Congo 	 	Africa
Costa Rica 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Côte d'Ivoire 	 	Africa
Croatia 	 	Eastern European
Cuba 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Cyprus 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Czechia 	 	Eastern European
Korea (D.P.R.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Congo (D.R.) 	 	Africa
Denmark 	 	Western European and Others
Djibouti 	 	Africa
Dominica 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Dominican Republic 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Ecuador 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Egypt 	 	Africa
El Salvador 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Equatorial Guinea 	 	Africa
Eritrea 	 	Africa
Estonia 	 	Eastern European
Eswatini 	 	Africa
Ethiopia 	 	Africa
Fiji 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Finland 	 	Western European and Others
France 	 	Western European and Others
Gabon 	 	Africa
Gambia 	 	Africa
Georgia 	 	Eastern European
Germany 	 	Western European and Others
Ghana 	 	Africa
Greece 	 	Western European and Others
Grenada 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Guatemala 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Guinea 	 	Africa
Guinea-Bissau 	 	Africa
Guyana 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Haiti 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Honduras 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Hungary 	 	Eastern European
Iceland 	 	Western European and Others
India 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Indonesia 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Iran (I.R.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Iraq 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Ireland 	 	Western European and Others
Israel 	 	Western European and Others
Italy 	 	Western European and Others
Jamaica 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Japan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Jordan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Kazakhstan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Kenya 	 	Africa
Kiribati 	 	No Regional Group
Kosovo 	 	Eastern European
Kuwait 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Kyrgyzstan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Laos (P.D.R.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Latvia 	 	Eastern European
Lebanon 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Lesotho 	 	Africa
Liberia 	 	Africa
Libya 	 	Africa
Liechtenstein 	 	Western European and Others
Lithuania 	 	Eastern European
Luxembourg 	 	Western European and Others
Madagascar 	 	Africa
Malawi 	 	Africa
Malaysia 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Maldives 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Mali 	 	Africa
Malta 	 	Western European and Others
Marshall Islands 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Mauritania 	 	Africa
Mauritius 	 	Africa
Mexico 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Mocronesia (F.S.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Monaco 	 	Western European and Others
Mongolia 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Montenegro 	 	Eastern European
Morocco 	 	Africa
Mozambique 	 	Africa
Myanmar 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Namibia 	 	Africa
Nauru 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Nepal 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Netherlands 	 	Western European and Others
New Zealand 	 	Western European and Others
Nicaragua 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Niger 	 	Africa
Nigeria 	 	Africa
North Macedonia 	 	Eastern European
Norway 	 	Western European and Others
Oman 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Pakistan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Palau 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Panama 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Papua New Guinea 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Paraguay 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Peru 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Philippines 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Poland 	 	Eastern European
Portugal 	 	Western European and Others
Qatar 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Korea (Rep.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Moldova (Rep.) 	 	Eastern European
Romania 	 	Eastern European
Russia 	 	Eastern European
Rwanda 	 	Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Saint Lucia 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Samoa 	 	Asia and the Pacific
San Marino 	 	Western European and Others
São Tomé and Príncipe 	 	Africa
Saudi Arabia 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Senegal 	 	Africa
Serbia 	 	Eastern European
Seychelles 	 	Africa
Sierra Leone 	 	Africa
Singapore 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Slovakia 	 	Eastern European
Slovenia 	 	Eastern European
Solomon Islands 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Somalia 	 	Africa
South Africa 	 	Africa
South Sudan 	 	Africa
Spain 	 	Western European and Others
Sri Lanka 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Palestine 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Sudan 	 	Africa
Suriname 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Sweden 	 	Western European and Others
Switzerland 	 	Western European and Others
Syria (A.R.) 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Taiwan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Tajikistan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Thailand 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Timor-Leste 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Togo 	 	Africa
Tonga 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Trinidad and Tobago 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Tunisia 	 	Africa
Turkey 	 	Western European and Others
Turkmenistan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Tuvalu 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Uganda 	 	Africa
Ukraine 	 	Eastern European
United Arab Emirates 	 	Asia and the Pacific
United Kingdom 	 	Western European and Others
Tanzania (U.R.) 	 	Africa
United States of America 	 	Western European and Others
Uruguay 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Uzbekistan 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Vanuatu 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Venezuela (B.R.) 	 	Latin America and Carribbean
Vietnam 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Yemen 	 	Asia and the Pacific
Zambia 	 	Africa
Zimbabwe 	 	Africa
==Member States that no longer Exist==
 
Member State 	Member State	Regional Group
Czechoslovakia 	1945–1992 	Eastern European
German (G.D.R.) 	1973–1990 	Eastern European
Malaya (Fed.) 	1957–1963 	Asia and the Pacific
Soviet Union 	1945–1991 	Eastern European
Tanganyika 	1961–1964 	Africa
Arab Republic (U.A.R.) 	1958–1961 	Asia and the Pacific
Yemen 	1947–1990 	Asia and the Pacific
Yemen (Dem.) 	1967–1990 	Asia and the Pacific
Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro	1945–2006 	Eastern European
Zanzibar 	1964 	Africa
==Suspension, expulsion and withdrawal of members==
A member state may be suspended or expelled from the UN, according to the United Nations Charter. From Chapter II, Article 5:
From Article 6:
Since its inception, no member state has been suspended or expelled from the UN under Articles 5 or 6. However, in a few cases, states were suspended or expelled from participating in UN activities by means other than Articles 5 or 6:
* On 25 October 1971, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was adopted, which recognized the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China (since 1949 controlling only Taiwan) as the legitimate representative of China in the UN and effectively expelled the Republic of China from the UN in 1971 (see the section Former members: Republic of China). This act did not constitute as the expulsion of a member state under Article 6, as this would have required Security Council approval and been subjected to vetoes by its permanent members, which included the Republic of China itself and the United States, which at that time still recognized the Republic of China.
* In October 1974, the Security Council considered a draft resolution that would have recommended that the General Assembly immediately expel South Africa from the UN, in compliance with Article 6 of the United Nations Charter, due to its apartheid policies. However, the resolution was not adopted because of vetoes by three permanent members of the Security Council: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In response, the General Assembly decided to suspend South Africa from participation in the work of the Assembly's 29th session on 12 November 1974; however, South Africa was not formally suspended under Article 5. The suspension lasted until the General Assembly welcomed South Africa back to full participation in the UN on 23 June 1994, following its successful democratic elections earlier that year.
* On 28 April 1992, the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established, by the remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 22 September 1992, United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/1 was adopted, by which it considered that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations," and therefore decided that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) should apply for membership in the United Nations and that it shall not participate in the work of the General Assembly". It did not apply for membership until Slobodan Milošević was ousted from the presidency and was admitted on 1 November 2000 (see the section Former members: Yugoslavia).
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Category:United Nations