Grand duke

Grand Duke (feminine: Grand Duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. In status, a Grand Duke traditionally ranks in order of precedence below an emperor, king or archduke and above a sovereign prince or sovereign duke. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly:
* in the present-day Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
* historically by the sovereigns of former independent countries such as: Tuscany (from 1569 to 1860, now part of Italy)
* in Baden, Hesse, Oldenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Saxe-Weimar — grand duchies from 1815 to 1918, and all now part of present-day Germany
* formerly also in some countries in Eastern and Northeastern Europe, such as the Grand Duchy of Finland or the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
* by the self-styled monarchs of several micronations
==References==
*WorldStatesmen - Finland
*Duke or Dux in Byzantium
Category:Heads of state
Category:Royal titles
Category:Noble titles
 
Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
Category:Men's social titles