Descendants of Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria, the British monarch from 1837 to 1901, and Prince Albert (her husband from 1840 until his death in 1861) had these 9 children, 42 grandchildren, and 87 great-grandchildren.
==Overview==
Victoria and Albert had 20 grandsons and 22 granddaughters, two of whom (the youngest sons of Prince Alfred and Princess Helena) were stillborn, and two more (Prince Alexander John of Wales and Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein) died shortly after birth. Their first grandchild was the future German Emperor Wilhelm II, who was born to their eldest child, Princess Victoria, on 27 January 1859; the youngest was Prince Maurice of Battenberg, born on 3 October 1891 to Princess Beatrice (1857–1944), who was herself the last child born to Victoria and Albert and the last child to die. The last of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren to die (almost exactly 80 years after Queen Victoria herself) was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (25 February 1883 – 3 January 1981).
Just as Victoria and Albert shared one grandfather (Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld) and one grandmother (Countess Augusta Reuss), two pairs of their grandchildren married each other. In 1888, Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine, whose mother was Queen Victoria's daughter Alice, married Prince Henry of Prussia, a son of Victoria's daughter Victoria. Another of Alice's children, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, married Princess Victoria Melita, a daughter of Alice's brother Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1894, but divorced in 1901.
left|thumb|370px|From left to right: Alice, Arthur, the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Leopold (in front of the Prince of Wales), Louise, the Queen with Beatrice, Alfred, the Princess Royal and Helena (1857).
Prince Albert, the Prince Consort (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861), lived long enough to see only one of his children (the Princess Royal) married and two of his grandchildren born (Wilhelm II, 1859–1941, and his sister Princess Charlotte of Prussia, 1860–1919), while Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) lived long enough to see not only all her grandchildren, but many of her 87 great-grandchildren as well. (Two of Victoria's 56 great-grandsons were stillborn, two more died shortly after birth, and one of her 31 great-granddaughters was born out of wedlock.)
Victoria, the Princess Royal and first child of Victoria and Albert (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901), known as "Vicky", was not only mother to their first grandchild, Wilhelm II, she was also the first of Victoria and Albert's children to become a grandparent, with the birth in 1879 of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, who was the daughter of Princess Charlotte (Queen Victoria's first granddaughter). She was also the grandmother of the last of Victoria and Albert's great-granddaughters to die, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Vicky's fourth daughter, Queen Sophia of Greece. After Katherine's death in 2007, the only surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria was Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (31 October 1916 – 5 May 2012), born to Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, daughter of Victoria and Albert's third son, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn.
The death of Count Carl Johan Bernadotte marked the end of a generation of royalty that began in 1879 with the birth of Princess Feodora and included the British Kings Edward VIII and George VI, the Norwegian King Olav V, the Romanian King Carol II and the Greek Kings George II, Alexander and Paul—as well as six uncrowned victims of political assassination, Earl Mountbatten of Burma (last Viceroy of India), Tsarevich Alexei of Russia and Alexei's sisters the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia.
Queen Victoria's own death in January 1901 was preceded by the deaths of three of her own children (Princess Alice in December 1878, Prince Leopold in March 1884, and Prince Alfred in July 1900) and soon followed by the Princess Royal's death in August 1901. Aside from the four boys who died as infants, Queen Victoria had survived seven of her grandchildren:
* Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864–1866) died of meningitis.
* Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (1870–1873), a haemophiliac, fell from his mother's bedroom window and bled to death a few hours later.
* Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878) died of diphtheria.
* Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879) also died of diphtheria.
* Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864–1892) died of influenza.
* Prince Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1874–1899) shot himself with a revolver and died soon afterward.
* Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (1867–1900) died of malaria while on active service in South Africa during the Boer War.
==Victoria, Albert and their children==
===Ancestors of Victoria and Albert===
Victoria and Albert had one pair of grandparents in common, Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, who were parents both of Albert's father Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and of Victoria's mother (and Ernest I's sister), Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Duke Ernest I → Prince Albert
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Princess Victoria → Queen Victoria
Another of Victoria's (but not Albert's) grandfathers was King George III, father of Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent, and his brothers King George IV and King William IV.
===Marriage of Victoria and Albert===
Queen Victoria (who had ascended to the throne on 20 June 1837 and been crowned on 28 June 1838) was married to Prince Albert on 10 February 1840 by William Howley, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace in Westminster (London).Elizabeth Longford, The Oxford Book of Royal Anecdotes, 1989 (), pages 368-369 (Albert died fourteen-and-a-half years before Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India on 1 May 1876.)
The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert	The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert 	The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert	The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert	The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and childrenWhitaker's Almanack, 1900, Facsimile Reprint 1999 (), page 86
 	Victoria,Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,later Empress of India	24 May1819Kensington Palace, London 	22 January1901Osborne House,Isle of Wight 	Married 10 February 1840at St James's Palace, Westminster (London) 4 sons, 5 daughters (including British King Edward VII and German Empress Victoria); 20 grandsons (of whom 2 were still-born), 22 granddaughters (including British King George V, German Emperor Wilhelm II, Russian Empress Alexandra, Swedish Crown Princess Margaret and the Queens Maud of Norway, Sophia of Greece, Marie of Romania and Victoria Eugenie of Spain.)
 	Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gothalater Prince Consort 	26 August1819Rosenau Castle, Coburg (Germany) 	14 December1861Windsor Castle,Berkshire 	Married 10 February 1840at St James's Palace, Westminster (London) 4 sons, 5 daughters (including British King Edward VII and German Empress Victoria); 20 grandsons (of whom 2 were still-born), 22 granddaughters (including British King George V, German Emperor Wilhelm II, Russian Empress Alexandra, Swedish Crown Princess Margaret and the Queens Maud of Norway, Sophia of Greece, Marie of Romania and Victoria Eugenie of Spain.)
===Children of Victoria and Albert===
Queen Victoria, at times, had contentious relations with her children. She had trouble relating to her children when they were young, some of this possibly owing to her own isolated childhood.King, Greg Twilight of Splendor: The Court of Queen Victoria in Her Diamond Jubilee Year (John Wiley & Sons, 2007) pg. 46 She also, occasionally, resented that they interfered with time that she would prefer to spend with Albert.King, pg. 46 According to one modern author, both Victoria and Albert weren't above playing favourites with their children, and unfortunately did little to hide their favouritism. Both Vicky and Alfred were the favorites of Albert, and Arthur enjoyed the favouritism of both his parents.
According to one modern author, Victoria initially was jealous of the time that Albert had spent with Vicky, but in her widowhood Victoria made Vicky something of her confidante,King, pg. 47 and for her part, Vicky had accrued hundreds of letters from her mother, to the point that shortly before her death, she had them smuggled out of Germany by her brother's secretary, Sir Frederick Ponsonby.Pakula, Hannah An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick: Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm (Simon & Schuster, 1995), pgs. 593 & 594
Of her sons, Victoria had the most trouble with her eldest, Albert Edward, and her youngest, Leopold. Among her daughters, Victoria clashed often with Louise. She also had an awkward relationship with her second eldest daughter, Alice, whom the queen, despite praising her thoughtfulness, also criticised as being too melancholy and self-absorbed. In her widowhood, Victoria expected Beatrice, who was only 4 when her father died, to remain at home with her, and only permitted her to marry on the condition that she and her husband remain in England.King, pg. 61
Portrait of Queen Victoria's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
(from left to right:) Princes Alfred and Albert Edward; The Queen and the Prince Consort; Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria
 	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Spouse (dates of birth & death) and childrenWhitaker's Almanack, 1993, Concise Edition, (), pages 134–136
 	The Princess Victoria,Princess Royal 	184021 November1840	19015 August1901 	Married 1858 (25 January),Prince Frederick of Prussia (1831–1888),later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia4 sons, 4 daughters(including German Emperor William IIand Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes)
 	The Prince Albert Edward,Prince of Wales,later King Edward VII 	18419 November1841 	19106 May1910 	Married 1863 (10 March),Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925);3 sons, 3 daughters(including King George Vand Maud, Queen of Norway)
 	The Princess Alice 	184325 April1843 	187814 December1878	Married 1862 (1 July),Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892);2 sons, 5 daughters(including Alexandra, the last Empress of All the Russias)
 	The Prince Alfred,Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gothaand Duke of Edinburgh;Admiral of the Fleet 	18446 August1844 	190031 July1900 	Married 1874 (23 January),Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920);2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters(including Marie, Queen of Romania)
 	The Princess Helena 	184625 May1846 	19239 June1923 	Married 1866 (5 July),Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917);4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters
 	The Princess Louise 	184818 March1848 	19393 December1939 	Married 1871 (21 March),John Campbell (1845–1914),Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll and Governor-General of Canada (1878–1883);no issue
 	The Prince Arthur,Duke of Connaught and Strathearn;Field Marshal,Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)	18501 May1850 	194216 January1942 	Married 1879 (13 March),Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917);1 son, 2 daughters(including Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden)
 	The Prince Leopold,Duke of Albany 	18537 April1853 	188428 March1884 	Married 1882 (27 April),Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922);1 son, 1 daughter
 	The Princess Beatrice 	185714 April1857 	1944 26 October1944	Married 1885 (23 July),Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896);3 sons, 1 daughter(including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)
==Children and grandchildren of Victoria and Albert==
=== Victoria, Princess Royal ===
The eldest child of Victoria and Albert, Princess Victoria, the Princess Royal, called "Vicky" (1840–1901). On 25 January 1858 she married Prince Frederick of Prussia (1831–1888; Crown Prince from 1861, German Emperor March–June 1888). They had eight children and twenty-three grandchildren.
Not only was the Princess Royal the first child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, she also gave them their first grandchild (the future Emperor Wilhelm II, 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) and was grandmother to both the first of their 87 great-grandchildren to be born, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (19 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), daughter of Princess Charlotte, and to the last of their 29 great-granddaughters to die, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Princess Sophie.
Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → German Emperor William II → Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia → Princess Frederica of Hanover (Queen of the Hellenes) → King Constantine II
Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → Princess Sophie of Prussia (Queen of the Hellenes) → King Paul → King Constantine II
The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia	The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia 	The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia	The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia 	The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia
 	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Princess Victoria,Princess Royal 	21 November1840Buckingham Palace,Westminster (London) 	5 August1901Schloss Friedrichshof, Kronberg im Taunus, Grand Duchy of Hesse, (Germany)	Married 25 January 1858in St James's Palace, Westminster (London).4 sons, 4 daughters(including German Emperor William IIand Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes);18 grandsons, 5 granddaughters(including Kings George II, Alexander and Paul of Greece andQueen Helen of Romania)¶ Crown Prince Frederick succeeded his father Emperor Wilhelm I on 9 March 1888, but died in June.
 	Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia,later Frederick III,German Emperor and King of Prussia	18 October1831New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany) 	15 June1888New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany) 	Married 25 January 1858in St James's Palace, Westminster (London).4 sons, 4 daughters(including German Emperor William IIand Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes);18 grandsons, 5 granddaughters(including Kings George II, Alexander and Paul of Greece andQueen Helen of Romania)¶ Crown Prince Frederick succeeded his father Emperor Wilhelm I on 9 March 1888, but died in June.
==== Children of the Princess Royal and Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia ====
The portrait below shows the Princess Royal with her husband Frederick and with Victoria and Albert's first two grandchildren, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859–1941) and Princess Charlotte (1860–1919), who were the only grandchildren born during Albert's lifetime.
Portrait of Crown Princess Victoria's family in 1862 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
From left to right: Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Crown Prince Friedrich and the Princess Royal with Princess Charlotte of Prussia
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	NotesWhitaker's Almanack, 1999, Standard Edition, The Stationery Office, London, 1998, (), pages 127–129
 	Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II,German Emperor and King of Prussia	Berlin,Prussia 	Doorn,Netherlands 	Reigned from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918 (abdicated)
 	Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II,German Emperor and King of Prussia	Berlin,Prussia 	Doorn,Netherlands 	Married (1) 1881, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1858–1921)with issue (6 sons, 1 daughter):Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882–1951),Prince Eitel Friedrich (1883–1942),Prince Adalbert (1884–1948),Prince August Wilhelm (1887–1949),Prince Oskar (1888–1958),Prince Joachim (1890–1920) andPrincess Victoria Louise (1892–1980)
 	Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II,German Emperor and King of Prussia	Berlin,Prussia 	Doorn,Netherlands 	Married (2) 1922 Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz (1887–1947), no issue.
 	Princess Charlotte of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Baden-Baden, German Republic 	Married 1878 Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, (1851–1928),later Duke Bernhard III (1914–1918), with issue (1 daughter):Princess Feodora (12 May 1879 – 26 August 1945),— Queen Victoria's first great-grandchild.Modern medical tests revealed that both Charlotte and her daughter suffered from porphyria, which afflicted their ancestor King George III.
 	Prince Henry of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Hemmelmark, German Republic 	Married 1888 Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (1866–1953), daughter of his aunt Princess Alice (see below)and had issue (3 sons):Prince Waldemar (1889–1945),Prince Sigismund (1896–1978) andPrince Heinrich (1900–1904).
 	Prince Sigismund of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Potsdam, Prussia 	Died young from meningitis.
 	Princess Viktoria of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Bonn,German Republic 	Married (1) 1890 Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (1859–1917),no issue
 	Princess Viktoria of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Bonn,German Republic 	Married (2) 1927 Alexander Zoubkoff, no issue.
 	Prince Waldemar of Prussia 	Berlin,Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia 	Died young from diphtheria.
 	Princess Sophie of Prussia,later Queen of the Hellenes [Greeks] 	Berlin,Prussia 	Frankfurt-am-Main, German Republic	Married 1889 King Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923)and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters):Crown Prince George (1890–1947), (see below) later King George II,Prince Alexander (1893–1920), later King Alexander I and   father of Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark,   later Queen Alexandra of YugoslaviaPrincess Helen (1896–1982), (see below) later Queen of Romania and   mother of King Michael I of Romania,Prince Paul (1901–1964), later King Paul I and father of   King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Sofía of SpainPrincess Irene (1904–1974), andPrincess Katherine (Lady Katherine Brandram) (1913–2007).
 	Princess Margaret of Prussia 	Potsdam, Prussia	Kronberg, West Germany 	Married 1893 Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (1868–1940),later elected King of Finland (October–December 1918),and had issue (6 sons):Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1916),Prince Maximilian (1894–1914),Prince Philipp (1896–1980)and Prince Wolfgang (1896–1989) (twins),Prince Christoph (1901–1943)and Prince Richard (1901–1969) (twins).
=== Edward VII ===
Prince Albert Edward (1841–1910), then the Prince of Wales, married Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, on 10 March 1863. They had 3 sons (one of whom died within a day), 3 daughters, 7 grandsons (one stillborn) and 3 granddaughters. The Prince of Wales became King Edward VII and Emperor of India at the death of his mother Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901.
Edward's and Alexandra's son King George V (reigned 1910–1936) was the father of Kings Edward VIII (reigned 1936) and George VI (1936–1952), and the grandfather of the present Queen Elizabeth II (acceded to the throne February 1952) and her sister Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (1930–2002). As the only children of King George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (the Queen Mother, 1900–2002), Elizabeth and Margaret were therefore great-granddaughters of Edward VII and great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → King George V → King George VI → Queen Elizabeth II
Edward's and Alexandra's daughter Princess Maud of Wales became Queen of Norway when her husband, Prince Carl of Denmark, became King Haakon VII (1905–1957) upon the dissolution of Norway's union with Sweden in 1905. Their son, and Edward's grandson, became King Olav V (1957–1991); and Olav's children, King Harald V (since 1991), Princess Ragnhild and Princess Astrid, are thus great-grandchildren of Edward VII and great-great-grandchildren of Victoria and Albert.
Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → Princess Maud of Wales (Queen of Norway) → King Olav V → King Harald V
The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark	The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark 	The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark	The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark	The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and children
 	Prince Albert Edward,Prince of Wales,later King Edward VII and Emperor of India	November 9,1841Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London) 	May 6,1910Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London) 	Married March 10, 1863in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.3 sons, 3 daughters(including King George Vand Maud, Queen of Norway);7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters(including British Kings Edward VIII & George VI,and Norwegian King Olav V)¶ Edward acceded to the throne when his mother Queen Victoria died on January 22, 1901.He and Princess Alexandra were crowned King and Queen on August 2, 1902 in Westminster Abbey (London) by Frederick Temple, the Archbishop of Canterbury
 	Princess Alexandraof Denmark 	December 1,1844Yellow Palace, nearAmalienborg Palace,Copenhagen,Denmark 	November 20,1925Sandringham House,Norfolk, England 	Married March 10, 1863in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.3 sons, 3 daughters(including King George Vand Maud, Queen of Norway);7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters(including British Kings Edward VIII & George VI,and Norwegian King Olav V)¶ Edward acceded to the throne when his mother Queen Victoria died on January 22, 1901.He and Princess Alexandra were crowned King and Queen on August 2, 1902 in Westminster Abbey (London) by Frederick Temple, the Archbishop of Canterbury
====Children of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra====
Photograph of the Prince of Wales's family in 1885
From left to right: Prince George, the Princess and Prince of Wales and Princess Victoria (back row), Princess Maud, Prince Albert Victor and Princess Louise (front row)
 	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Albert Victor,Duke of Clarence and Avondale 	Frogmore House,Windsor, Berkshire	Sandringham House,Norfolk	Created Duke of Clarence and Avondale in 1890;died of influenza just after his 28th birthday. Engaged in 1891 to his cousin Princess Mary of Teck.
 	Prince George,Prince of Wales,laterGeorge V, King of the United Kingdom	Marlborough House,London 	Sandringham House,Norfolk	Married 1893 Princess Mary of Teck (1867–1953)and had issue (Main article: Descendants of King George V and Mary of Teck).
 	Princess Louise,Princess Royal 	Marlborough House,London 	Portman Square,London 	Married 1889 Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849–1912)and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters):Alastair Duff, Earl of Macduff (stillborn, 1890),Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959) (see below) andPrincess Maud, Countess of Southesk (1893–1945).
 	Princess Victoria 	Marlborough House,London 	Coppins, Buckinghamshire 	Died unmarried.
 	Princess Maud of Waleslater Queen of Norway 	Marlborough House,London 	London 	Married 1896 Prince Carl of Denmark (1872–1957),— later King Haakon VII of Norway (1905–1957)and had issue (1 son):Prince Alexander (1903–1991),— later Crown Prince and King Olav V of Norway (1957–1991)father of King Harald V of Norway.
 	Prince Alexander John of Wales 	Sandringham House,Norfolk 	Sandringham House,Norfolk	Born prematurely at 2:45 p.m., and died twenty-four hours later. He was christened privately by Reverend W. Lake Onslow in the evening after his birth. The christening was attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, a lady-in-waiting and a doctor who had been at the birth.
=== Princess Alice ===
Princess Alice (1843–1878) married Prince Louis of Hesse (1837–1892), later Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, on 1 July 1862. They had 2 sons (one of which, "Frittie", Prince Friedrich of Hesse, was a haemophiliac and died from bleeding out after a fall out of his mother's bedroom window), 5 daughters (one of whom died of diphtheria) and 15 grandchildren (two of whom died at a young age). Prince Ludwig succeeded to the Grand Duchy of Hesse as Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, and Princess Alice as the Grand Duchess of Hesse, on 13 July 1877.
Alice and Louis's daughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, married Prince Louis of Battenberg, and was the mother of Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885–1969), who became Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark when she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark on 6 October 1903. Princess Alice was the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh the current prince consort of the United Kingdom as the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Princess Victoria was also the mother of Queen Louise of Sweden.
Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Victoria of Hesse → Princess Alice of Battenberg → Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
Alice and Louis's second daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, married, in 1884, the Russian Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, the fifth son of Tsar Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna, and younger brother of the then reigning Tsar Alexander III. They had no children. Following Sergei's assassination in 1905, she eventually became a nun and was killed by the Bolsheviks on 18 July 1918. She was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia in 1981 and in 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate.
Prince Ernest Louis became Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse upon his father's death in 1892. He married his first cousin, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1894 and had one daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse who died of typhoid fever, aged eight. The couple were divorced 21 December 1901. The Grand Duke married for a second time to Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1947), and had two sons: Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse who married Princess Cecilie of Greece, a sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and had issue, and Prince Louis of Hesse and by Rhine.
Princess Alix of Hesse, the youngest surviving child of the Grand Ducal pair, became the Last Empress of All the Russias through her marriage to Nicholas II of Russia in 1894. They had 5 children, 4 girls, the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, and one boy, the Tsarevich Alexei, who was a haemophiliac. The Russian Imperial Family was executed on 17 July 1918 by a detachment of Bolsheviks in the basement of Ipatiev House. The entire family was canonized by the Russian Orthodox church in 2000.
Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Alix of Hesse (Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia)
The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse	The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse 	The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse	The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse	The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and children
 	Princess Alice 	25 April1843Buckingham Palace,London,England 	14 December1878New Palace,Darmstadt,Hesse (Germany) 	Married privately on 1 July 1862(six months after the death of Alice's father Prince Albert),in the dining room of Osborne House,East Cowes (Isle of Wight), England2 sons, 5 daughters(including Alexandra, the last Empress of Russia);9 grandsons (1 stillborn), 7 granddaughters(including Queen Louise of Sweden andEarl Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India)¶ Prince Louis became Grand Duke of Hesse on 13 June 1877, less than two years before Princess Alice's death.
 	Prince Louis of Hesse, later Louis IV,Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine	12 September1837Darmstadt,Hesse 	13 March1892 	Married privately on 1 July 1862(six months after the death of Alice's father Prince Albert),in the dining room of Osborne House,East Cowes (Isle of Wight), England2 sons, 5 daughters(including Alexandra, the last Empress of Russia);9 grandsons (1 stillborn), 7 granddaughters(including Queen Louise of Sweden andEarl Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India)¶ Prince Louis became Grand Duke of Hesse on 13 June 1877, less than two years before Princess Alice's death.
====Children of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse====
Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876
From left to right (standing): Princess Elisabeth, the Grand Duke, Princess Marie, Princess Alix, the Grand Duchess and Princess Victoria. Seated: Prince Ernest and Princess Irene
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine 	Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	Kensington Palace,London,England	Married 1884 Prince Louis of Battenberg (1854–1921),   Admiral of the Fleet, First Sea Lord   [later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven,   after renouncing German style and titles in July 1917],and had issue (2 sons, 2 daughters):Princess Alice (1885–1969),   later Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark, and   mother of Prince Philip, Duke of EdinburghPrincess Louise (1889–1965),   later Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden and   stepmother of Queen Ingrid of DenmarkPrince George (1892–1938), later George Mountbatten,   2nd Marquess of Milford Haven andPrince Louis (1900–1979), later Earl Mountbatten of Burma,   Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India & First Sea Lord
 	Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine 	Bessungen, Hesse, Germany 	Alapaevsk, Russia 	Married 1884 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (1857–1905),no issue.
 	Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine 	Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany 	Hemmelmark, Germany 	Married 1888 Prince Henry (1862–1929),son of her aunt Victoria, the British Princess Royal & German Empress (see above),and had issue (3 sons):Prince Waldemar of Prussia,Prince Sigismund of Prussia andPrince Henry of Prussia.
 	Ernest Louis,later Grand Duke of Hesse 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Langen,Germany 	Succeeded as head of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1892.
 	Ernest Louis,later Grand Duke of Hesse 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Langen,Germany 	Married (1) 1894 Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1876–1936),daughter of his uncle Prince Alfred (see below),and had issue (1 son, 1 daughter):Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) andan unnamed stillborn son (1900);¶ the marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
 	Ernest Louis,later Grand Duke of Hesse 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Langen,Germany 	Married (2) 1905 Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1937)and had issue (2 sons):Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus (1906–1937) andPrince Louis (1908–1968).
80px 	Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Suffered from haemophilia and died from a brain haemorrhage after falling from a window.
 	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine,later Empress Alexandra of All the Russias	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Ekaterinburg, Russia 	Married 1894 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868–1918),taking the name Alexandra Feodorovna,and had issue (1 son, 4 daughters):Grand Duchess Olga (1895–1918),Grand Duchess Tatiana (1897–1918),Grand Duchess Maria (1899–1918),Grand Duchess Anastasia (1901–1918),Tsarevich Alexei (1904–1918).
¶ The entire family was killed in July 1918 in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution, as was Alexandra's sister, the Grand Duchess Elisabeth (Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, see above).
 	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 	Darmstadt, Hesse,Germany 	Darmstadt,Hesse, Germany 	Died young from diphtheria.
=== Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ===
Prince Alfred (1844–1900) married the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920), the only surviving daughter of Tsar Alexander II and his first wife, Empress Marie Alexandrovna, on 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, Russia. They had 2 sons (one stillborn), 4 daughters, 10 grandsons (8 of whom survived their first week of life) and 9 granddaughters. In June 1893, Prince Alfred achieved the Royal Navy rank of Admiral of the Fleet, shortly before succeeding his uncle, Ernest II, as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in August 1893.
Prince Alfred's daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Marie of Edinburgh became Queen of Romania in 1914 after marrying the future King Ferdinand in 1893.
*King Ferdinand's and Queen Marie's son King Carol II of Romania (Victoria's great-grandson) was father to King Michael of Romania (a great-great-grandson of Victoria);
*their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Elisabeth was married from 1921 to 1935 to King George II of Greece (reigned 1922–1924 & 1935–1947); and
*their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Maria was married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (reigned 1921–1934) and the mother of King Peter II (reigned 1934–1945, another great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria)
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → King Carol II → King Michael
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Elisabeth of Romania (Queen of the Hellenes)
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Marie of Romania (Queen of Yugoslavia) → King Peter II
The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia	The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 	The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia	The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia	The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and children
 	Prince Alfred,later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gothaand Duke of Edinburgh;Admiral of the Fleet	6 August1844Windsor Castle,Berkshire, England 	31 July1900Rosenau Castle,Coburg,Germany 	Married 23 January 1874at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia;2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters(including Marie, Queen of Romania)10 grandsons (of whom 1 stillborn), 9 granddaughters(including King Carol II of Romania, Queen Elisabeth of Greece and Queen Maria of Yugoslavia)¶ Prince Alfred was made Duke of Edinburgh on 24 May 1866, and succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 22 August 1893, living there until his death in 1900.
 	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia 	17 October1853Tsarskoye Selo,Russia 	24 October1920Zürich,Switzerland 	Married 23 January 1874at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia;2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters(including Marie, Queen of Romania)10 grandsons (of whom 1 stillborn), 9 granddaughters(including King Carol II of Romania, Queen Elisabeth of Greece and Queen Maria of Yugoslavia)¶ Prince Alfred was made Duke of Edinburgh on 24 May 1866, and succeeded as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 22 August 1893, living there until his death in 1900.
====Children of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Marie====
Photograph of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau
From left to right (standing): Princess Beatrice, the Duke, Princess Victoria Melita and Princess Alexandra. Seated: The Duchess, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Marie.
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Alfred,later Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Buckingham Palace,London 	Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium, Gratsch,Merano (Meran),Austria	Rumoured, but never proven to have married in 1898 Mabel Fitzgerald (with no issue).¶ Alfred suffered from nervous depression and possibly syphilis. He supposedly attempted suicide by shooting himself with a revolver, and was sent to recover at Schloss (Castle) Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, before being moved, while still badly wounded, to the Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium in Gratsch near Merano (Meran) in the South Tyrol (Austria, now Italy), where he died; however, this rumor is unproven.
 	Princess Marieof Edinburgh,later Queen of Romania 	Eastwell Park, Kent 	Sinaia,Romania 	Married 1893 Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Romania (1865–1927),— later King Ferdinand I (1914–1927),and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters):Crown Prince Carol (1893–1953), (see above) later King Carol II (1930–40),   father of King Michael,Princess Elisabeta (1894–1956), (see above) later Queen of Greece,Princess Marie (1900–1961), later Queen of Yugoslavia and   mother of King Peter II of Yugoslavia,Prince Nicholas (1903–1978),Princess Ileana (1909–1991), andPrince Mircea (1913–1916).
80px 	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gothalater Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia	San Antonio Palace,Malta 	Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany 	Married 1894 (1) her paternal first cousin, Ernest Louis (1868–1937), Grand Duke of Hesse (1892–1918),the son of her aunt Princess Alice (see above),and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter):Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) andan unnamed stillborn son (1900).¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
80px 	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gothalater Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia	San Antonio Palace,Malta 	Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany 	Married (2) 1905, her maternal first cousin, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia (1876–1938) (heir to the Russian throne and self-proclaimed Emperor of all the Russias from 1924), and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters):Princess Maria Kirillovna (1907–1951),Princess Kira Kirillovna (1909–1967), andPrince Vladimir Kirillovich (1917–1992).
 	Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Rosenau Castle,Coburg, Germany	Schwäbisch Hall,Germany 	Married 1896 Prince Ernest II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863–1950) and had issue (2 sons, 3 daughters):Prince Gottfried (1897–1960),Princess Marie-Melita (1899–1967),Princess Alexandra Beatrice (1901–1963),Princess Irma (1902–1986), andPrince Alfred (16–18 April 1911)¶ The senior Princess Alexandra joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) in 1937.
 	Stillborn son 	Eastwell Park, Kent, England 	Eastwell Park, Kent, England 	Died at birth.
 	Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 	Eastwell Park, Kent,England 	Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain 	Married 1909 Prince Alfonso de Orléans y Borbón, Duke of Galliera (1886–1975), Spanish Air Force chief of staff,and had issue (3 sons):Prince Álvaro de Orléans (1910–1997), later Duke of Galliera,Prince Alonso de Orléans (1912–1936) andPrince Ataúlfo de Orleans (1913–1974).
===Princess Helena===
Princess Helena (1846–1923) married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917) in Windsor Castle's private chapel on 5 July 1866. Two sons and two daughters survived childhood; two other sons died within ten days of their birth. Princess Helena and Prince Christian had no legitimate grandchildren and one natural granddaughter who died without having issue of her own. Like other British royal holders of German titles (such as Admiral Louis Battenberg), Princess Helena, Prince Christian, and their two daughters gave up their titles to Schleswig-Holstein in 1917 when the British and German Empires were at war.
The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and children
 	Princess Helena 	25 May1846Buckingham Palace,London, England 	9 June1923Schomberg House, London, England 	Married 5 July 1866in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire.4 sons (of whom 2 survived their first month), 2 daughters(including Duke Albert, Princess Helena Victoria,and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein);1 natural granddaughter(Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Arenberg)¶ Princess Helena and Prince Christian have no surviving descendants today; Valerie Marie died childless.
 	Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein 	22 January1831Augustenborg, Denmark 	28 October1917Schomberg House, London, England 	Married 5 July 1866in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire.4 sons (of whom 2 survived their first month), 2 daughters(including Duke Albert, Princess Helena Victoria,and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein);1 natural granddaughter(Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Arenberg)¶ Princess Helena and Prince Christian have no surviving descendants today; Valerie Marie died childless.
====Children of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein====
Photograph of Princess Helena with her two eldest sons
Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein with her two eldest children
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Christian Victorof Schleswig-Holstein 	Windsor Castle,Berkshire, England 	Pretoria,South Africa 	Christian Victor died of malaria while serving as a British officer on active duty in the Boer War.
 	Prince Albert,later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein 	Frogmore House,Windsor, Berkshire 	Berlin, Germany 	Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921.Never married, but had a twice-married and childless natural daughter,Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein   (née Schwalb) (1900–1953),
 	Princess Helena Victoria,until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	Frogmore House,Windsor, Berkshire 	Berkeley Square,London, England 	Died unmarried.
 	Princess Marie Louise,until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein 	Cumberland Lodge,Windsor, Berkshire 	Berkeley Square,London, England 	Married 1891 to Prince Aribert of Anhalt (1866–1933);no issue;marriage was dissolved in 1900.
 	Prince Haraldof Schleswig-Holstein
Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants, 1987, Genealogical Publishing Company, p. 205	align="center"|Cumberland Lodge,Windsor, Berkshire	Cumberland Lodge,Windsor, Berkshire	Died in infancy.
 	Stillborn son 	align="center" 	align="center" 	Died at birth.
===Princess Louise===
Princess Louise (1848–1939), who married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914) in 1871, was the only one of Victoria's nine children who was childless. She was the first British monarch's child since 1515 to marry a subject rather than someone of royal blood.
The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne	The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne 	The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne	The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne	The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Princess Louise 	18 March1848Buckingham Palace,Westminster (London) 	3 December1939Kensington Palace,London 	Married 21 March 1871,in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (Berkshire)no issue¶ The Marquess of Lorne was a member of the British House of Commons from 1868 to 1878 and from 1895 to 1900. From 1878 to 1883 he served as Governor General of Canada, representing his mother-in-law, Queen Victoria. In 1900, he succeeded as 9th Duke of Argyll (and thus joined the House of Lords).
 	John Campbell,M.P., Marquess of Lorne,later Governor General of Canada,later 9th Duke of Argyll	6 August1845London 	2 May1914Cowes,Isle of Wight 	Married 21 March 1871,in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (Berkshire)no issue¶ The Marquess of Lorne was a member of the British House of Commons from 1868 to 1878 and from 1895 to 1900. From 1878 to 1883 he served as Governor General of Canada, representing his mother-in-law, Queen Victoria. In 1900, he succeeded as 9th Duke of Argyll (and thus joined the House of Lords).
===Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn===
Prince Arthur (1850–1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917) on 13 March 1879 at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle. They had 2 daughters and 1 son.
In March 1911, the Duke of Connaught's nephew, King George V (son of the Duke's recently deceased brother King Edward VII) appointed his uncle to represent him as Governor General of Canada. He thus became the first, and so far only, Governor General of Canada to be of the Blood Royal, although he had been preceded in this office from 1878 to 1883 by the Marquess of Lorne, the non-royal husband of his sister Princess Louise (see above). [King George's son, the Duke of Gloucester, was later Governor-General of Australia, and the Duke of Connaught's own son was later Governor-General of South Africa. See above and below.]
Prince Arthur's elder daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Margaret of Connaught became Crown Princess of Sweden in 1907 after marrying the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1905 (however, Margaret died before Gustav became king).
*Princess Margaret and Prince Gustav Adolf's grandson (and a great-great-grandson of Victoria) King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is the current monarch of Sweden having reigned from 1973. He is the youngest and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten.
* Their only daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Ingrid of Sweden married King Frederick IX of Denmark (reigned 1947–1972) and was the mother of the present Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and the former Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
* Their youngest son, Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (1916–2012), was the last great-grandchild of Victoria and Albert to die
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten → King Carl XVI Gustaf
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Princess Ingrid of Sweden → Danish Queen Margrethe II & Greek Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Count Carl Johan Bernadotte
The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia 	The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Arthur,Duke of Connaught and StrathearnField Marshal,Governor General of Canada	1 May1850Buckingham Palace,Westminster (London) 	16 January1942Bagshot Park, Surrey 	Married 13 March 1879in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire)1 son, 2 daughters6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter(including Queen Ingrid of Denmark andCount Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die)¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada (representing his nephew King George V) from 1911 to 1916.
 	Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia 	25 July1860Potsdam,Germany 	14 March1917Clarence House,Westminster (London) 	Married 13 March 1879in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire)1 son, 2 daughters6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter(including Queen Ingrid of Denmark andCount Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die)¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada (representing his nephew King George V) from 1911 to 1916.
==== Children of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia ====
Photograph of the Duke of Connaught's family
From left to right (seated): Prince Arthur, Princess Patricia and the Duchess of Connaught. Standing: Princess Margaret and the Duke of Connaught.
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Princess Margaret of Connaughtlater Crown Princess of Sweden 	Bagshot Park, Surrey 	Stockholm, Sweden 	Married 1905 Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden (1882–1973)— later King Gustav VI (1950–1973)and had issue (4 sons, 1 daughter):Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (1906–1947)— father of King Carl XVI Gustaf,Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland (1907–2002),— later Count Sigvard Bernadotte of WisborgPrincess Ingrid (1910–2000), later Queen of Denmark,   mother of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, and   mother of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece,Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland (1912–1997), andPrince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna (1916–2012),— later Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg and, after 2007,    the last surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria. Princess Margaret died suddenly on her father's 70th birthday of meningitis while 8 months pregnant with her sixth child before her husband ascended the throne as King of Sweden.
 	Prince Arthur of Connaught,Governor-General of the Union of South Africa (1920–24)	Windsor Castle, Berkshire 	London, England 	Married 1913Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959), granddaughter of King Edward VII (her husband's uncle) and thus Arthur's first cousin once removed, (see above)having issue (1 son):Prince Alastair (1914–1943), later 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn.¶ Prince Arthur became the third Governor General of South Africa in November 1920, and was succeeded in January 1924 by Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, husband of his cousin, Princess Alice of Albany (see below).
 	Princess Patricia of Connaughtlater Lady Patricia Ramsay 	Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	Windlesham, Surrey	Married 1919 the Honourable Alexander Ramsay (1881–1972) and had issue (1 son):Alexander Ramsay of Mar (1919–2000).¶ Princess Patricia relinquished her title of Princess and style of Her Royal Highness upon her marriage and was known as Lady Patricia Ramsay. (However, she kept her place in line of succession.)
===Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany===
Prince Leopold (1853–1884) married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922) on 27 April 1882 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. They had 1 daughter and 1 son. He inherited the disease of haemophilia from his mother, Queen Victoria, and spent most of his life as a semi-invalid.
His daughter, Princess Alice of Albany married Prince Alexander of Teck, the younger brother of Queen Mary, in 1904 and became Countess of Athlone when her husband was created Earl of Athlone in June 1917. She has so far been the longest-lived Princess of the Blood Royal of Britain and was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria.
Prince Charles Edward, Prince Leopold's posthumous son, succeeded him at birth as 2nd Duke of Albany. In 1900, Charles Edward succeeded his uncle Alfred as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha but was forced to abdicate his ducal throne during the German Revolution of 1918, later gaining high positions in and through the Nazi movement. Because of his support for Germany in World War I, he lost his English knighthood in the Order of the Garter in 1915 and his British royal titles, peerages and honours in 1919. He is the grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden through his elder daughter, Princess Sibylla.
Queen Victoria → Prince Leopold → Prince Charles Edward → Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha → King Carl XVI Gustaf
The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Leopold,Duke of Albany 	7 April1853Buckingham Palace,Westminster (London) 	28 March1884Cannes, France 	Married 27 April 1882in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire)1 son, 1 daughter5 grandsons, 3 granddaughters
 	Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 	17 February1861Arolsen,Waldeck(now Hesse, Germany) 	1 September1922Hinteriss,Tyrol,Austria 	Married 27 April 1882in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire)1 son, 1 daughter5 grandsons, 3 granddaughters
==== Children of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena ====
Photograph of the Duke of Albany and his daughter in 1883
The Duke of Albany, with Princess Alice seated on his lap
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Princess Alice of Albanylater Countess of Athlone 	Windsor Castle, Berkshire	Kensington Palace,London	Married 1904 Prince Alexander of Teck (1874–1957),    later Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone,    Governor-General of South Africa and Canadaand had issue (2 sons, 1 daughter):Princess May (1906–1994),Prince Rupert (1907–1928) andPrince Maurice (March–September 1910)
 	Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany,later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Claremont House,Surrey 	Coburg, Germany 	Married 1905Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (1885–1970)and had issue (3 sons, 2 daughters):Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold (1906–1972),Princess Sibylla (1908–1972), (see above) later a Swedish princess and   mother of King Carl XVI Gustaf (acceded 1973)Prince Hubertus (1909–1943),Princess Caroline Mathilde (1912–1983), andPrince Friedrich Josias (1918–1998).¶ Last Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1900–1918. Deprived of Duchy of Albany, 1919. Joined 1935 the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) and SA (Sturmabteilung). Member of the German Reichstag, 1937–1945.
=== Princess Beatrice ===
Princess Beatrice (1857–1944) married Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896) on 23 July 1885 in St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham on the Isle of Wight. They had 3 sons, 1 daughter (the future Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain), 5 grandsons (1 stillborn) and 3 granddaughters. The present King Felipe VI of Spain, as a great-grandson of Victoria Eugenie, is a great-great-grandson of Princess Beatrice and thus a great-great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria.
Queen Victoria → Princess Beatrice → Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (Queen of Spain) → Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona → King Juan Carlos I → King Felipe VI
Due to anti-German feeling during the First World War, the members of the Battenberg family who were British citizens relinquished their titles of Prince and Princess of Battenberg and the styles of Highness and Serene Highness. Under Royal Warrant, they instead took the surname Mountbatten, an Anglicised form of Battenberg.
The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg	The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg	The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg	The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg	The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg
  	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Marriage and children
 	Princess Beatrice 	14 April1857Buckingham Palace,Westminster(London) 	26 October1944Brantridge Park,Sussex 	Married 23 July 1885,at St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham(near Osborne House) on the Isle of Wight3 sons, 1 daughter(Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)5 grandsons (one of them stillborn), 3 granddaughters(including Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish heir-apparent from 1933 to 1969)
 	Prince Henry of Battenberg 	5 October1858Milan, Italy 	20 January1896, near Sierra Leone(West Africa) 	Married 23 July 1885,at St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham(near Osborne House) on the Isle of Wight3 sons, 1 daughter(Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)5 grandsons (one of them stillborn), 3 granddaughters(including Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish heir-apparent from 1933 to 1969)
====Children of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg====
Photograph of Princess Beatrice with her children in 1900
From left to right (standing): Prince Maurice, Beatrice and Prince Leopold. Seated: Princess Victoria Eugenie and Prince Alexander
Picture	Name 	Birth 	Death 	Notes
 	Prince Alexander of Battenberg,later Sir Alexander Mountbatten,first Marquess of Carisbrooke	Windsor Castle,Berkshire, England 	Kensington Palace,London 	In 1917, Prince Alexander became Sir Alexander Mountbatten. On 7 November 1917, he was created Marquess of Carisbrooke, Earl of Berkhampsted and Viscount Launceston.Married 1917 Lady Irene Denison (1890–1956)and had issue (1 daughter):Lady Iris Mountbatten (1920–1982).
 	Princess Victoria Eugenieof Battenberg,later Queen of Spain 	Balmoral Castle, AberdeenshireScotland 	Lausanne, Switzerland 	Married in 1906 King Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886–1931)and had issue (5 sons, 2 daughters):Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938),Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia (1908–1975),Infanta Beatriz (1909–2002),Infante Fernando (stillborn 1910),Infanta Maria Cristina (1911–1996),Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (1913–1993)— heir-apparent and father of King Juan Carlos I, andInfante Gonzalo (1914–1934)— a haemophiliac who died from bleeding after a car crash
 	Prince Leopold of Battenberg,later Lord Leopold Mountbatten 	Windsor Castle,Berkshire, England 	Kensington Palace,London 	As with his elder brother, he relinquished his title of Prince of Battenberg and the style His Highness and became Sir Leopold Mountbatten, by virtue of his being a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. Under a further Royal Warrant in September 1917 he was granted the style and precedence of the younger son of a Marquess, and became Lord Leopold Mountbatten. He suffered from haemophilia; died unmarried and without issue after a knee operation.
80px 	Prince Maurice of Battenberg 	Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland	Zonnebeke,Flanders, Belgium	Killed in action during World War I. He was the last grandchild of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
==See also==
*Grandchildren of George V and Mary
*List of coupled cousins
*Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX
*Queen Victoria
==References==
==Sources and external links==
*Eilers, Marlene A., Queen Victoria's Descendants, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co.
*Descendants of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, 1840-1945, "European Royalty during World War II" (retrieved 3 January 2010)
* Cadbury, Deborah, Queen Victoria's Matchmaking: The royal marriages that shaped Europe, New York: Public Affairs Press, 2017, 
Category:British royalty
Victoria and Albert
Category:Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
Category:Albert, Prince Consort
Category:European royal families