Sensors (Cold Waters)

Here is some information about the sensors in Cold Waters:
== SENSORS ==
Sensors are integral to modern naval operations, detecting and tracking enemies while enabling precise weapon targeting. Passive sensors discreetly listen for enemy sounds, while active sensors emit signals and analyze returns. Submarines and enemy vessels are equipped with the following sensors:
== PASSIVE SONAR ==
Continuous and always active, passive sonar detects sounds emitted by enemy vessels. It provides accurate bearings and profiles, aiding in target classification over time.
== ACTIVE SONAR ==
Activated with Shift A, active sonar emits pings, revealing the submarine's position but offering rapid and accurate enemy data in return. It is toggled off with Shift A.
== TOWED ARRAY ==
A cable trailing behind the submarine enhances sonar sensitivity but is most effective at around 5 knots. Slower speeds cause the cable to sink, and faster speeds generate flow noise.
== RADAR ==
An active sensor emitting radio waves, radar determines bearing, range, and relative movement of detected objects. Radar discloses the unit's position and is influenced by rain and object size.
== ESM (ELECTRONIC SUPPORT MEASURES) ==
ESM passively detects radar emissions from other sources, offering heightened sensitivity compared to emitting radars.
== VISUAL ==
Periscope or surfaced observations provide visual contact without revealing the submarine's position. Laser range finding accurately determines range without radar use.
== DETECTING CONTACTS ==
Detected vessels are termed Contacts, prefixed with a letter corresponding to the sensor type (S for sonar, R for radar, E for ESM, V for visual). Once classified, the designation is replaced by the vessel class.
== SONAR ==
Passive sonar is primary for detecting, classifying, and tracking contacts. Active sonar emits a ping, revealing the submarine's presence. Active sonar range is limited and can inadvertently disclose the submarine's position.
== UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS ==
Sonar uses sound waves affected by ambient noise, water depth, movement, layers, and ducts. Ocean conditions impact sensitivity, and a Convergence Zone can extend detection range.
== CONDITIONS ==
The Conditions Panel (F5 or Shift 5) displays ocean noise, layer strength, surface duct presence, ocean floor depth, submarine depth, and contact depth. Layer and duct strength affect sound propagation.
== PERISCOPE & MASTS ==
Periscope, ESM, and radar masts must be raised above water for functionality. Masts are fragile, and their damage increases with speed or excessive depth.
== SENSORS ICONS ==
Status icons indicate active use of sensors: Active Sonar, Radar Mast, ESM Mast, and Periscope.
Note: Active sonar and raised masts can disclose the submarine's position.