Francophonia

Francophonia (franceois : la Francophonie) kyeust id menghia im persons ed institutions qui neude franceois ka bahsa os presto socialisation, adic, administrative, talim au chusen bahsa. 
Biht vohrtto do 220 millions id numer francophonen in 60 neuderlands, bilhassa in Africa. Id reste im bahtors est dayt inter Europe, America, Oceania, Caribe ed Mediorient, heritage os Colonisation. Franceois est yaschi dwot uctst bahsa tienxia dank id netwehrg iom Alliances françaises ed iom kharij franceoisen xitus, cultural netwehrgs. Tod smyehren uns commun bahsa stimulet ia commercial fluxa unte circa 33% mutawassit-ye : seinct exportcosta, permittend ibs entreprises penetre meis facil-ye un nov Mercat ed mantines existend fluxa. Ia francophone Stats (15% os tienxia opos ed 1/10 iom agrent araszi) sont yinjier surce om potentialitats. 
Francophonia buit institutionalisen unte id Niamey Conference dien 20 Mart 1970 creend id Francophone Agence, quod hat bihnum in 2005 id International Organisation ios Francophonia (OIF). 58 Stats ed dems sont members ios OIF, bet tik 32 ex ia hant Franceois ka official bahsa, dat ia adhesionsconditions sont destull vagh. 
 
Maurblou : regions quer Franceois est materbahsa.
Blou : regions quer Franceois est official bahsa.
Thark : regions quer Franceois est un dwoter bahsa.
Glend quadrats : Francophone koims.
==Un controvers notion==
Id lexis "francophonia" biht eti ops nuden kay kyuses ia wehrgs redagen in Franceois ab autors ayt ne bayghend id "Franceois literature" stricto sensu, auter bi-sabab it nationalitat, au, in druve, ob ir cuitcolor au extra-europay origin. Also, Saint-John Perse est classifien in id franceois literature, menxu Aimé Césaire ghehldt ka oin im gohdst francophone scriptors. Bo gnahr franceois, hieb un politic au administrative carriere, ed consecreer uno megil part irs poetic wehrg iri gnahsa ultramar (respective-ye Martinique ed Guadeloupe). 
Francophonia buit yinjier preter kyust ka id debatrewos de negritude, creolitat, decolonisation, exile ed id wekwos om realitats, experiences kohnst ka "exotic", "secundar" ab ia Parisian cenacles. 
Ibs oct secules om wehrgs in Franceois ep id Vetus Continent se addeihnt schowi, in vasya jors (Poesis, Theatre, roman, essai...), sem creators qui propone un novator usage ios bahsa, meg diversa themes, tem France-bohnden quem African, Quebecois, Creole, Arab, Asiat, Kanak, etc. Bayna i major talents bihnt yinjier kwiten ka "francophone" : Senghor (Senegal), Césaire, Patrick Chamoiseau, Edouard Glissant (Martinique), Maryse Condé (Guadeloupe), Léon-Gontran Damas (Guyane), René Depestre, Jacques Roumain (Hayti), Tahar Ben Jelloun (Marok), Albert Memmi (Tunisia), Anne Hébert (Quebec), Georges Shehadé (Misr), Andrée Chédid (Lubnan). 
Id extension, pos id pehden ios Berliner Mur, ios politic francophonia do Europay Stats ne ois id prever Franceois colonial empire, modifiet ia mental fikers, favoriset id jidal contra discriminations, tem quem un progressive insaf ios wirtios tos literature ab i decisors in id buk verslyn (editors, jurys iom literaren prixen, librars, critiquers, massouls iom scol programmes ed handbuks). 
Tod blenden iom categorias biht ithan kyunggiawt samt id recent apparition uns francophone literature os Chinese inspiration, con besonters Gao Xingjian (Nobelpris in 2000), François Cheng, Shan Sa, Dai Sijie (Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise, 2000), quod khact bihe reducto do id exile-bohndt "schramenliterature".
 Léopold Sédar Senghor gnaht in Joal, Senegal, in 1906. Excellent almen, studyet in Dakar dind in Paris, quer biht agrégé de grammaire bei Sorbonne ed ghat Aimé Césaire ed Léon Damas con quens is seult id revue L'Etudiant noir. Biht daskal bet Mund Weir Dwo udbrehct ed is passet dwo yars ka bardach in Deutschland.
Pos id Liberation, Senghor publiet sien prest poetic wehrgs ed inkapt un politic carrier. Deputeit os Senegal in id Constituant Assemblee in 1945, decolonisation iom beuwsiet, in 1960, iom prest President ios Respublic Senegal. Is napubliet mult politic ed literar essais ed smyehrt id dehti ios Francophonia.
In 1980, sgwehmt ex id senegalese politic gwit. Prest Aydokwo qui bihsit member ios Académie Française in 1983, is passet sien senst gwitsyars in Normandie, quer is deceddt in 2001.
==Kyuno "mundliterature"==
Zaruri est observe id creativitato tim scriptors - consecret ab ia prixa, ia national ed international tirages -, ir imkan os udnove ia letters in franceois bahsa, os promove via scriben un nov universalisme heriten ex ia Lumens, os richerihes id francophone ed tienxia mirath med linguistic ed intellectual exchanges. Contribuent it, parallel-ye ibs anglophonia, hispanophonia, lusophonia, denunce "dangereus, katel identitats" (Amin Maalouf), qua reduce id ses ed ia Cultures do oin au oik national, religieus, racial au linguistic criteria. In 2007, yar kun ielgveer vasya magna franceois literar mizda, quargim Artistes ios dwoter voln, sayct "francophone" - Dany Lafferière, J-M.G. Le Clézio, Gisèle Pineau, Lyonel Trouillot, Jean-Luc V. Raharimanana, joint ab Edouard Glissant, Tahar Ben Jelloun -, tem quem sem Franceois biadet ne classifien do tod categoria yed werumenos dia id alyer (Erik Orsenna, Patrick Rambaud, Jean Rouaud, Gilles Lapouge...), hant signet uno manifesto : ter declarant id mohrt os literaro "francophonia", id fin "ios tid om honn ed swoplaisure", ed id adgumt unios "mundliterature" in franceois, un tienxia ghyahsa ed un gwinwnd reiken om poesis ed fiction. Saygent ops od id franceois bahsa est iro druv land, quod ghehdt expremes quant. 
Sem exempels tos transformation os francophonia do "mundliterature" maghe ses udwekwnen. Mathalan Edouard Glissant, qui hat uperliten ex id pamrlan ios Discours antillais (1981) do id denunciation iom "raudh-identitats", ed do id zanbiu ios "Tienxia" iom "rhizome-identitats". Aweis J-M.G. Le Clézio, prokwem id Nouveau Roman in-kap (Le Procès-verbal, 1963), dind tienxia, lyric, ecologic (Désert, L'Africain...). So Literature Nobelpris (2008), unte id sam movment, affirmet ses "francophone" chunke is wehkwt in Franceois, ed neget francophonia : Ka Franceois, is blendt ia continents (Europe, Africa, America, Oceania) med sien biographia, sien inspiration, sien combats. Dany Lafferière se defineiht ka uno migrator, nomade autor, qui sammel exploret hol Caribe ed Nord America. Ed Dai Sijie, in Le Complexe de Di (2003), ghateiht, in id druna uns epos med ciped ed train, occidental psychanalyse ed muassir China.
Category:Politique
Category:Literature