Nirvana

Nirvana was an American grunge rock band formed in Aberdeen, Washington. Their final lineup- consisted of deceased lead singer/guitar Kurt Cobain † (February 20, 1967 - April 5, 1994 [aged 27]), drummer Dave Grohl (born: ), and bassist Krist Novoselic (born: ). The band was a successful figure of the grunge and alternative rock scenes they've popularized.
== History ==
=== Formation ===
Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic both met while attending Aberdeen High School in Washington state. The two became friends and frequently rehearsed in music. Cobain wanted to form a band with Novoselic, but Novoselic did not respond for a long period of time. To garner Novoselic's attention, Cobain offered Novoselic a tape of his side project called Fecal Matter. Three years after the duo met, Novoselic notified Cobain that he officially listened to his sample tape and requested that they start a band. They started The Sellouts, which was an short-lived Creedence Clearwater Revival tribute band, The members of the band contained Krist Novoselic on guitar and vocals, Cobain on drums, and Steve Newman on bass.
In 1986, the band enlisted Bob McFadden to play the drums, but he only stayed around for a few months. By 1987, the band recruited drummer Aaron Burckhard, who also only stayed for a short time. The band went through a series of suggestions for a name, including Skid Row, Pen Cap Chew, and Ted Ed Fred. The band finally settled in with the name Nirvana. After naming the band, they contacted Dale Crover to be the next drummer, but his tenure with the band was cut short due to an impending jail term and was briefly replaced by Burckhard. Burckhard eventually resigned again, stating that he was too hungover to play. Nirvana posted an ad to seek a new drummer and, under the recommendation by a mutual friend, Nirvana settled in on Chad Channing.
=== Bleach ===
In late 1988, Nirvana release a cover of "Love Buzz", originally performed by Shocking Blue, as a single. Around the same time, the band signed with Seattle independent label, Sub Pop. The band began recording tracks at a recording studio known as Reciprocal Recording in Seattle, Washington. Nirvana's first studio album, Bleach, was released on June 15, 1989. The album contained eleven tracks and was produced by Jack Endino. Other known singles were "Blew", "About a Girl", and "Negative Creep". Jason Everman served as the secondary guitarist for part of the recordings and agreed to cover the cost of about $600 for the recording sessions. The band went on tour to promote the album, but it was cut short due to tensions with Everman, who eventually resigned.
=== Nevermind ===
After the national tour prematurely concluded, Nirvana was seeking to sign with a new record label, because they felt that Sub Pop was only getting things started for them. The band seeked Soundgarden and Alice in Chains manager Susan Silver for advice. They met Silver in Los Angeles, and she introduced them to agent Don Muller and music business attorney Alan Mintz, who specialized in finding deals for bands. Mintz began sending out samples of Nirvana's tapes and album to major record labels in search of deals. Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth recommended Nirvana to sign with DGC Records, and the signing came about in early 1990. Around the same time, the band hired Dave Grohl to be the new drummer, whose own band known as Scream recently disbanded.
After signing with DGC, Nirvana went to Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin to begin recording their next album with Butch Vig as the producer. The band felt that the acoustics and mechanics at Smart Studios were not very good, so they shifted their development to Sound City Studios in the Van Nuys district of Los Angeles, California. Months into the development, recording sessions ran behind schedule as most were deemed unsatisfactory. Andy Wallace produced the final mix of the tracks for the album.
Nirvana's second studio album, Nevermind, was released on September 24, 1991. The album contained twelve tracks. It turned out to be far more successful than the previous album, especially with "Smells Like Teen Spirit" becoming the album's first single. "Smells Like Teen Spirit" became one of Nirvana's most successful tracks up to date, receiving a massive amount of airplay along with a music video premiering on MTV and VH1. Other singles that came about months later were "Come As You Are", "Lithium", and "In Bloom".
Nirvana's next tour featured sold out shows with "Smells Like Teen Spirit" becoming a staple track. Nevermind went on to sell 30 million copies worldwide. Feeling exhausted after recording the album, the band decided not to tour extensively. After the tour concluded, Cobain sought to collect 75% of the royalties earned during the recording sessions of the album, which lead to tensions with the other band members and nearly disbanding the band. The band eventually headlined a performance at the 1992 Reading Festival. A few weeks later, Nirvana performed at the MTV Music Awards.
=== In Utero ===
By February 1993, Nirvana entered the Pachyderm Recording Studio in Cannon Falls, Minnesota to begin development for their third studio album. The band selected Steve Albini to produce the album. Development for the album took only two weeks at a budget of $25,000. Despite the band's valiant efforts, they were not satisfied with Albini's mixing techniques, feeling that the bass tunes sounded too low and some of the tracks were not as perfect. The band recruited Scott Litt to mix some of the tracks to get a better and reproduced sound.
In Utero, Nirvana's third studio album, was released on September 21, 1993. The album included twelve tracks. "Heart-Shaped Box" and "All Apologies" became singles. It did not fare as well as the previous album, but it still went on to sell 5 million copies in the United States. The band went on another tour to support the release of the album and added Pat Smear as the secondary guitarist.
On November 18, 1993, Nirvana recorded a performance at the Sony Music Studio in New York City for a special television program called MTV Unplugged. This would foreshadow the release of Nirvana's first live album titled MTV Unplugged in New York released on November 1, 1994. Fourteen tracks were performed for the live album, which included a cover of "The Man Who Sold the World", originally performed by David Bowie. Guest stars included Cris and Curt Kirkwood of The Meat Puppets, who allowed Nirvana to cover three of their songs during the performance.
=== Disbandment, death of Cobain, and aftermath ===
In early 1994, Nirvana embarked on a European tour for the first time, and their final performance took place at Munich, Germany. As the band was scheduled to do a concert in Rome, Italy, Cobain's wife, Courtney Love, discovered Cobain unconscious and unresponsive in a hotel room, and admitted him to a hospital. It was revealed that Cobain had a reaction combined with prescribed Rohypnol and alcohol. Cobain and Love flew back home to Seattle, and the remainder of the tour was cancelled. In the ensuing weeks, Cobain developed an addition to heroin. Love later suspected that Cobain's overdose in Rome was a suicide attempt, but Cobain opposed. Love eventually arranged an intervention that prompted Cobain to go into rehab, but he left the rehabilitation center a week later without anyone noticing.
On April 8, 1994, an electrician named Gary L. Smith came to visit Cobain's residence on Lake Washington Boulevard East to install some security lighting. Smith discovered Cobain in the greenhouse above a garage lying unconscious with blood flowing out of his left ear and a gun on his lap. Smith called the police and paramedics, where Cobain was admitted to the hospital and pronounced dead on arrival. His death was declared a suicide via self-inflicted gunshot wound. A coroner's investigation revealed that Cobain had he had puncture wounds on the inside of both the right and left elbows. Toxicology reports indicated that the level of morphine in Cobain's bloodstream was 1.52 milligrams per liter and that there was evidence of Valium in his blood.
Cobain's cousin, Beverly, who worked as a nurse, stated that his family had a history of suicide, and that Cobain's two uncles died by the same methods via self-inflicted gunshot wounds. It was also revealed that Cobain was diagnosed with ADHD and bipolar disorder. Ten months prior to his death, Cobain had purchased a few guns, which were confiscated by police on two separate occasions. On the same day Smith discovered Cobain's body, it was suspected that Cobain went missing went he took his own life, marking his death to be on April 5, 1994 at 27 years of age.
On April 10, 1994, a public vigil took place at Seattle Center for the deceased Cobain with Love present and an estimated 7,000 Nirvana fans attending as well. Love distributed Cobain's remaining clothes to fans who attended. Cobain's body was cremated. Grohl announced that Nirvana had disbanded around the same time of Cobain's demise. Grohl would later go on to form his own band, the Foo Fighters.
== Quotes ==
* ”I have no concept of how to be a musician at all”
* “Hang loose, don’t get too uptight, quit your jobs, grow marijuana, slack off! don’t work!”
* ”Fuck you all this is the last song of the evening”
* ”When I’m in Diarrhea de Janeiro I like to have the fresh-cut leaves of a palm tree”
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