Complex regional pain syndrome

Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome also known as Reflex Sympatheic Dystrophy or Casaulgia is a neurologically related pain disorder that is caused by a nerve injury or no apparent nerve injury. It is often considered a differential diagnosis in severe cases of fibromyalgia and in children is known as Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome . It appears in the episode Epic Fail
== Symptoms ==
The signs and syndrome of CRPS are caused by either a nerve root damage or non root injury and is also caused by direct injury to the brain such as a Traumatic Brain Injury or Cerebralvascular Infarction (Stroke). It is most common symptom is severe pain but also can be accompanied by:
* Parasthesia (Burning Sensation)
* Hyperthesia
* Atrophy (Muscle Loss)
* Stiffness
Common co-comorbidities with CRPS are:
* Osteopenia
* Edema
* visceral pain (internal pain caused by inflammation or injury to internal organs)
* rashes
* ulceration
* Weight Loss or Weight Gain
* Reynauds Phenomena (vascular constriction in fingers and toes)
* Depression
* Anxiety
== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosing CRPS previously known as RSD was considered difficult to diagnose. After 2004 with the establishment of the Budapest Criteria. To be diagnosed with CRPS a person must have one symptom in three or four categories:
* Sensory (hyperaesthesia or allodynia)
* Vasomotor (skin color changes and/or changes in temperature of the affected limb/s)
* Sudomotor/Oedema (Swelling of the limbs)
* Motor/trophic (Decreased range of motion and/or motor disfunction)
Additionally a person to be diagnosed with CRPS must have one signs present in two or more categories. 
A person may additionally be tested for CRPS by having a nerve conduction study or EMG which can help locate an effected nerve which may be causing CRPS symptoms.
== Treatment ==
There is no official treatment for CRPS. The most common treatment of CRPS is with physical therapy in early stages, and later with anti-epileptics such as Gabapentin, opioids such as oxycodoe or a fentanyl transdermal patch. In more advanced cases where CRPS does not respond to gabapentin or where they cannot tolerate opioids, a person may be given a IV infusion of ketamine a medication that causes disassociation. If a person does not respond well to ketamine a more radical approach may be necessary with a Spinal Cord Stimulator or a Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulator (DRG) and sometimes a lidocaine spinal pump. In cases where the pain is not treatable due to spinal cord stimulators or ketamine, a last resort may be amputation of the affected limb. 
Complex regional pain syndrome at Wikipedia
Category:Diseases