Cruceades

Etymologia: Ex "cruce", id werdo cruceade prehpt bad ye id XVt secule, gwohmt ex ia Janoubi bahsas (catalan, occitan).
Definition: Sont kyusta cruceades ia oct militar expeditions duct ab i Occident Christians kay reprindes, ex i Muslims, id Iser Land Palestine, quer is Christ hieb gwiwt. Nundiens, id werdo cruceade proschi, per extension, un campagne, uno mobilisation ios public opinion (mathalan : un anti-tabak cruceade). 
 Entratsfassade ios Saint Sepulker Kyrk (in hellen : Ναός της Αναστάσεως = "Kyrk ios Resurrection"). Tod est uno mier kyrk stahnd in un site quod pleist Christian traditions aynt id loc ios crucifixion, begrabhen ed screhscen os Jesus. Id wehst in id Christian quartier ios Vetus Wastu Jerusalems, ye id end ios Via Dolorosa. Tod loc est identifiet ei "Ghalvloc" udwekwnen in ia Euanghelia (Matyah 27 : 33. Arrivevs ei loki kalt Golgotha, quo maynt ghalvloc, 34. iom pohihr vin blans ad ghel ; bet, quan is hieb gusen id, is ne pohskwit.. Pon id IVt secule, est ayneut oin iom importantst ed iserst kyrks tienxia ed un jiengjway pro quantois pelgrins.
==Un startsuccess : id prest cruceade==
Pon id triumph os Islam in Orient (VIIt secule), ies arab khalifas hiebeer beviden tolerance dia i Christians qui gwohm kathire ka pelgrins do id Saint Sepulker os Jerusalem, id maghil ios Christ. Bet, unte id dwoter dwidel ios XIt secule, Asia Minor, Suria ed Palestine hiebeer pohden do ia ghesors im mahibe Selchuki Tyrks, meg minter accommodant. Ka reaction, papp Urban II, in 1095, appellit uni sorte os armet pelgrinage quos ziel esiet place Jerusalem sub Christian souverainitat. Precess ab uno menegh em aunarme pelgrins qui pleisti sessient massacren en route, plur feudal armees, comkorionen in 1096 ab iom herceg os Niter Lothringia, Godfred os Bouillon, ghehdent do Orient per land : Magyaria, ia Balkans, id Rhomay Imperium, Asia Minor. Vasyi wighs hant un rudh cruce syuhn ep ir vesters, tetos id nam cruceits.
Ye id termin uns exhausant progression, nukten ab cruoric bois, ies cruceits oischteurme ed prinde Jerusalem dien 15 Jul 1099. Id population biht quasi alnos massacret. Maysters ios land, ies cruceits creent ter sem Stats organisen sekwent ia feudal reuls, id principal esend id rig os Jerusalem. Kay defende ia, appareihnt aunsam ordens om soldatmunks (Hospitaliars in 1113, Templars in 1118). 
I Orient Muslims eiskwnt aweis-ye chasse iens invasors. Un renfortcruceade ne kamyabus in 1147, is sultan os Misro Saladino reprindt Jerusalem in 1187. Un trit cruceade, hast-ye organisen ab iom Germanic Cesaro Friedrich Barbarossa, iom roy os France Philippe Auguste ed iom roy os England Richard Lionkerd, deuyst in 1192.
 Richardo 1st, gnoht ka "Lionkerd" (1157-1199) buit Roy os England, Herced om Normandie ed Aquitaine, Graf om Poitiers, Maine ed Anjou ex 1189 do sieno nehc. Est is son os Henric II os England ed as Alienor os Aquitaine. Unte sien decyaro regne mukamt is unte oik oik munts in England ed naiw euct Englisch. Is neudt sien quant ressurces kay fortrehce pro id trit cruceade, dind kay defende sien dayluk territoria contra iom Roy os France Philippe Auguste, yed-yei is hieb-se alliet prever contra sien wi pater. Unte sien zaman est is ayn un heroy, ed ops describen it in literature. Isschi est uno maschour poet ed scriptor in sien tid, besonters ob sien compositions bo in awa Occitan ed Franceois.
==Id final deuysen iom cruceades==
Appellet ab papp Innocent III, un quarto cruceade biht aurght in 1202 : dehlct attaque Misro martos ed antreust pro to id Venezia flotte. Bet ies Venezians, kaurndi meis de ir economic interesses quem de Jerusalems beurt, diswehrte id cruceit armee kyid Rhomay Imperium, quayque kathalika Christian. In Aprile 1204, ies Cruceits prinde ed plundernt Constantinople, quer tentent installe un latin cesar : it beirnt ei veut hellen imperium un cut quod ei visessiet fatal. In id druna ios XIIIt secule, ies Germanic cesars ed is roy os France Saint Louis sient lance nov expeditions kay rekriges id Iser Land. Neid kamyapsiet, Jerusalem siet remane sub muslim souverainitat. Pos 1270 ed id mohrt os Saint Louis ant Tunis, fineihsient ia cruceades. 
==Id historic schaecheingo iom cruceades==
Historians hant baygh debatto de ia causes iom cruceades. Kay comprehende id, lasim est replace id wakya do idso tid : religieus exaltation, id paur os Islam, present in Espania ed kwaht ka un permanent menace, id conviction od nehce weighend-ye i dusfiders oiswekwehrt furkan hant act un essential rol, besonters unte id prest cruceade. 
Bet id importance alien factors hat poskwo crohsct : id gust om aventure ed klewos bi iens yun feudals, id menos om Epos ed curtesia exaltet ab literar, id speh os accede id opnos unios meis exmohnen quem gnohn Orient. Creend-ye eti un brungosto strohm om commercial exchanges, ia cruceades buir un kelpire pro ia tajirurbs os Italia ed ana id Mediomar, kaurnda meis de lautel quem de pietat. Hant trafiquen tant con iens cruceits quem con ir duschmans, ed hant naiwo kuncto desfavorise Christians sei solg eet ir interesse : id exempel os Venezia ed ios diswehrten ios quartios cruceade suadeict to. Also, disnraveihsa hat lyt ed lyt triumphen uper enthusiasme ed nimeneti hat crediht in id rekrig iom Iser Stets. 
Lakin, ia economic ed cultural consequences iom cruceades sont muhim. Hant probudt opos ambh id Mediomar ed smyohrt id restart os crosct in Europe. Trans ia conflictual relations, hant tulct un contact inter Orient ed Occident : senter hat maung-ye gaissen ex tod ar, in mult xeimens (Science, Medicin, architecture...), id Islami civilisation eet tun meg meis avancet quem tod os Christian Europe. Bet ye alyo nivell ed nespekent id expulsion iom cruceits ex id Iser Land, id muslim mund hat nohsto tetos oislaberiht. Attaquen bo ab iens cruceits ed ab invasions ex Central Asia, gnoht un inkapem os cultural comstrehbhen quod contrastet con id arg iom prever secules ed quod vaht ei vibihe vierdnic face id futur spand os Occident. 
Fin-ye, ye id religieus nivell, ia cruceits hant accentuet ia conflictual relations inter ta recentsta Monotheismes qua sont christianisme ed islam. In id occidental collective inconscient, hant contribuen ghawihes durable-ye id image ios muslim dyin.