Enderronian federal election, 1978

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← 1974 	21 October 1978 	1982 →
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All 125 seats in the Enderronian Parliament63 seats needed for a majority	All 125 seats in the Enderronian Parliament63 seats needed for a majority	All 125 seats in the Enderronian Parliament63 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 	12,018,484 (90.84%) ( 0.83pp) 	12,018,484 (90.84%) ( 0.83pp)
 	 	
 	width="33%" 	width="33%"
Leader 	Calvin Rhinehart 	Martin Crowley
Party 	Social Democrats 	United
Leader since 	16 December 1967 	12 August 1976
Leader's seat 	Parkes (JZ) 	Hacking (NS)
Last election 	77 seats, 48.26% 	45 seats, 38.50%
Seats won 	67 	52
Seat change 	10 	7
Popular vote 	4,836,238 	4,353,095
Percentage 	40.24% 	36.22%
Swing 	8.02pp 	2.28pp
TPP 	52.33% 	47.67%
TPP swing 	2.76pp 	2.76pp
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Leader 	George Sanders 	Bradley Kelling
Party 	National 	Conservative
Leader since 	25 October 1977 	10 March 1976
Leader's seat 	Won Mount Gilbert (MA) 	Contested Tregear (CO) (lost)
Last election 	New party 	0 seats, 3.31%
Seats won 	3 	1
Seat change 	New party 	1
Popular vote 	788,413 	370,169
Percentage 	6.56% 	3.08%
Swing 	New party 	0.23pp
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Winning party by electorate 	Winning party by electorate 	Winning party by electorate
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Prime Minister before election 	Prime Minister before election 	Elected Prime Minister
Calvin RhinehartSocial Democrats 	Calvin RhinehartSocial Democrats 	Calvin RhinehartSocial Democrats
A federal election was held in Enderron on Saturday 21 October 1978 to elect the 125 members of the 9th Enderronian Parliament.
The incumbent Social Democratic Party government, led by Prime Minister Calvin Rhinehart, was re-elected to a third term with a reduced majority, defeating the opposition United Party, led by Martin Crowley. Both major parties lost votes and seats to the new Enderron National Party. In addition, the Conservative Party won a seat for the first time, while the New Democratic Party lost its sole seat despite increasing its overall vote, and did not return to parliament again.
Prime Minister Rhinehart and the Social Democrats remained popular after two terms in office, but had picked up a volume of political baggage over the past eight years. The opposition United Party under Crowley won an increased share of the vote in many electorates but was unable to gain support in key marginal seats. The combined vote share of the major parties dropped below 80 percent for the first time since the two-party system was established in 1920, with a significant amount of rural voters from both parties giving a protest vote to the populist National Party.
==Results==
↓ 	↓ 	↓
67 	6 	52
Social Democrats	Oth	United
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Party 	Party 	Votes 	% 	Swing 	Seats 	+/−
 	Social Democrats 	4,836,238 	40.24 	8.02 	67 	10
 	United 	4,353,095 	36.22 	2.28 	52 	7
 	New Democratic 	1,200,647 	9.99 	2.39 	0 	1
 	National 	788,413 	6.56 	New 	3 	3
 	Conservative 	370,169 	3.08 	0.23 	1 	1
 	Other 	469,923 	3.91 	1.58 	2 	0
Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote
 	Social Democrats 	6,289,273 	52.33 	2.76 	67 	10
 	United 	5,729,211 	47.67 	2.76 	52 	7
Total 	Total 	12,018,484 	100 	 	125 	
Independents: Frank Blackburn, Brian Callister
===Results by prefecture===
Party 	Party 	Party 	PL	WE	NS	CO	TJ	WS	JZ	LS	FL	KA	MA	LR	NC	SY	SA 	Total
rowspan="2"	Social Democrats	Seats: 	10	14	6 	6 	6 	3 	8 	5 	1 	3 	1 	0 	3 	1 	0 	67
Vote: 	Social Democrats	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	40.24	
rowspan="2"	United 	Seats: 	9 	4 	8 	6 	6 	6 	1 	1 	4 	0 	2 	3 	0 	1 	1 	52
Vote: 	United 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	36.22	
rowspan="2"	National 	Seats: 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1 	1 	1 	0 	0 	0 	0 	3
Vote: 	National 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	6.56 	
rowspan="2"	Conservative 	Seats: 	0 	1 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1
Vote: 	Conservative 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	3.08 	
rowspan="2"	Other 	Seats: 	1 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1 	2
Vote: 	Other 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	13.90	
Total seats	Total seats 	Total seats	20	19	14	12	12	9 	9 	6 	6 	4 	4 	3 	3 	2 	2 	125
===Results by region===
Party 	Party 	Party 	Central	West	East	North	Total
rowspan="2"	Social Democrats	Seats: 	38 	10 	11 	8 	67
Vote: 	Social Democrats	 	 	 	 	40.24	
rowspan="2"	United 	Seats: 	25 	16 	9 	2 	52
Vote: 	United 	 	 	 	 	36.22	
rowspan="2"	National 	Seats: 	0 	1 	1 	1 	3
Vote: 	National 	 	 	 	 	6.56 	
rowspan="2"	Conservative 	Seats: 	1 	0 	0 	0 	1
Vote: 	Conservative 	 	 	 	 	3.06 	
rowspan="2"	Other 	Seats: 	1 	0 	0 	1 	2
Vote: 	Other 	 	 	 	 	13.90	
Total seats	Total seats 	Total seats	65 	27 	21 	12 	125
===Seats changing hands===
Seat 	Pre-1978	Pre-1978 	Pre-1978 	Pre-1978	Swing	Post-1978	Post-1978 	Post-1978 	Post-1978
Seat 	Party 	Party 	Member 	Margin 	Swing	Margin 	Member 	Party 	Party
Chung'an, LS 	 	New Democratic 	Susan Liew 	0.27 	2.92 	2.65 	Mike Wordsworth 	Social Democrats	
Devon, PL 	 	Social Democrats	Arthur Finlay 	2.57 	4.78 	2.21 	M. B. Sivakumar 	United 	
Duyfken, SY 	 	Social Democrats	Glen Ellis 	2.81 	3.07 	0.26 	Neil Osbourne-Groom	United 	
Fairfax, FL 	 	United 	Alex Holthe 	7.99 	8.69 	0.70 	Richard Cowan 	National 	
Lakeside, KA 	 	United 	notional – new seat	3.98 	5.28 	1.30 	Walter Leigh 	National 	
Lowe, WE 	 	Social Democrats	Hayden Burgess 	0.41 	2.78 	2.37 	Jonathan Bowen 	Conservative 	
Lyndhurst, NS 	 	United 	Paul Sessions 	2.46* 	9.69 	7.23 	Nancy Ziegler 	Social Democrats	
Macquarie, KA 	 	United 	notional – new seat	5.24 	5.40 	0.16 	Douglas Chang 	Social Democrats	
Mount Gilbert, MA 	 	United 	Randy McBride 	2.75 	8.07 	5.32 	George Sanders 	National 	
Nanshan, LS 	 	Social Democrats	Dwight Suzuki 	7.08 	8.58 	1.50 	Ross Passenger 	United 	
Nishihama, TJ 	 	Social Democrats	Craig Taggart 	3.33 	5.26 	1.93 	Frank Doyle 	United 	
O'Malley, MA 	 	Social Democrats	Pete Randall 	0.72 	4.32 	3.51 	Gerald Cameron 	United 	
Simpson, CO 	 	Social Democrats	Frank Hunter 	1.03 	6.01 	4.98 	Margaret Weaver 	United 	
Spilner, WS 	 	Social Democrats	Alex Reynolds 	2.08 	3.91 	1.83 	Wilson Ingram 	United 	
Warwick, FL 	 	Social Democrats	Ian Bowden 	4.83 	8.94 	4.11 	Peter Sellman 	United 	
Wollstonecraft, LR	 	Social Democrats	Darlene McDonald 	0.77 	7.70 	6.93 	Bill Teasley 	United 	
*Lyndhurst, NS, won by the Social Democrats at the previous election, was won by United in a 1976 by-election. The margin listed above is the by-election margin.
==Background==
===Parties===
Name	Name 	Ideology 	Party leader 	Seats 	Seats
Name	Name 	Ideology 	Party leader 	1974 result	At dissolution
 	Social Democratic Party 	Social democracy 	Calvin Rhinehart	/ 	/
 	United Party 	Conservative liberalism	Martin Crowley 	/ 	/
 	New Democratic Party 	Classical liberalism 	Charles Koh 	/ 	/
 	IndependentsIndependents who sat in Parliament as of the end of the parliamentary term were Frank Blackburn and Brian Callister.	– 	– 	/ 	/
==Pendulum==
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (67)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (67)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (67)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (67)
Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal
Macquarie (KA) 	Douglas Chang 	SDP 	0.16
Barris (WE) 	Christopher Ottley 	SDP 	0.27
Matsunaga (TJ) 	Ichiro Matsuno 	SDP 	0.98
St Claire (PL) 	Richard Hart 	SDP 	1.28
Brooklyn (JZ) 	Rachel Harkey 	SDP 	1.63
Hexham (PL) 	Tom Johnston 	SDP 	1.90
Eltham (WE) 	Dylan Collins 	SDP 	2.12
Rockingham South (CO) 	David Paterson 	SDP 	2.13
Chung'an (LS) 	Mike Wordsworth 	SDP 	2.65
Newton (WE) 	Louise Haase 	SDP 	2.66
Forsythia Central (NS) 	Jack Bancroft 	SDP 	3.05
Stewart (PL) 	Jonas Nash 	SDP 	3.26
Whetstone (WE) 	Rob Shadbolt 	SDP 	3.62
Meiling Bay (JZ) 	Frank Wilson 	SDP 	3.74
Summer Coast (WS) 	Stu Weston 	SDP 	4.21
Hannigan (WE) 	Sam Donovan 	SDP 	4.63
Tanshui (JZ) 	Leonard Lee 	SDP 	4.65
Wellington (WE) 	Darren Fong 	SDP 	4.87
Kingston (PL) 	Jeff Brown 	SDP 	5.46
Rockingham Central (CO) 	Austin Shillingford 	SDP 	5.50
Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe
Coburn (NS) 	Gary Wall 	SDP 	6.09
Cunningham (SY) 	Earl Ousley 	SDP 	6.16
Parkes (JZ) 	Calvin Rhinehart 	SDP 	6.18
Lewisham (PL) 	Luke Hodges 	SDP 	6.20
Gardner (JZ) 	Harry O'Donnell 	SDP 	6.24
Endeavour (CO) 	Carl Feighan 	SDP 	6.73
Jackson (WE) 	Hamish Lewis 	SDP 	6.98
Mizuoka (KA) 	Aaron Crowe 	SDP 	7.04
Lyndhurst (NS) 	Nancy Ziegler 	SDP 	7.23
Palmerston East (LS) 	Scott McKinnon 	SDP 	7.63
Rockingham North (CO) 	David Drew 	SDP 	8.13
Wentworth (WE) 	Jeremy Hagans 	SDP 	8.75
Heathbridge (WE) 	C. B. Madison 	SDP 	9.01
Nanhai (PL) 	Rick Knight 	SDP 	9.25
Longshan West (LS) 	Charlie Lin 	SDP 	9.26
Avalon City (FL) 	Jasper Neal 	SDP 	9.37
Anderson (WE) 	Marcel Wu 	SDP 	9.64
Jingcheng (LS) 	Lillian Atkins 	SDP 	9.66
Safe 	Safe 	Safe 	Safe
Cheltenham (CO) 	Doug Caines 	SDP 	10.14
Leightonfield (NS) 	Michael Warner 	SDP 	10.22
Durston (TJ) 	Charles Moriyama 	SDP 	10.30
Taylor (PL) 	Brendan Mulligan 	SDP 	10.40
Woodleigh (NS) 	John Sullivan 	SDP 	10.61
Hamilton (WS) 	Reg Wardell 	SDP 	10.86
Lynn (PL) 	Lionel Wicks 	SDP 	10.96
Reedijk (CO) 	Taylor Colbeck 	SDP 	10.98
Shirakawa Central (TJ) 	Jon Nakamura 	SDP 	11.81
Kensington (WE) 	Scott Jackson 	SDP 	12.00
Fairfield (NC) 	Benjamin Leitner 	SDP 	12.15
Edison (WE) 	William Watt 	SDP 	12.63
Shirakawa South (TJ) 	Jim Halston 	SDP 	13.05
Torrens (WE) 	Richard Gaiser 	SDP 	13.21
Rosslea (JZ) 	Jim Cargill 	SDP 	13.78
Denison (JZ) 	Kate Bridges 	SDP 	14.10
Kingscliffe (JZ) 	James Thorpe 	SDP 	14.14
Karburgh (NC) 	Frank Chittenden 	SDP 	14.88
Nottingham (MA) 	Hugh Dunford 	SDP 	16.72
Harvey (TJ) 	Cheryl White 	SDP 	18.41
Grey (NS) 	Ed Allison 	SDP 	18.68
Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe
Bexley (WE) 	Margaret Lyons 	SDP 	20.79
Douglas (PL) 	Tim Arnett 	SDP 	20.82
Hayakita (TJ) 	Melvin Ybarra 	SDP 	20.84
Dover (NC) 	Alex Dos Santos 	SDP 	21.32
Taralga (KA) 	Brian Heath 	SDP 	21.40
Palmerston West (LS) 	Ray Sutton 	SDP 	21.48
Victoria (PL) 	Cedrick Brody 	SDP 	22.56
Port William (WS) 	Thomas Groff 	SDP 	24.75
UNITED SEATS (52) 	UNITED SEATS (52) 	UNITED SEATS (52)	UNITED SEATS (52)
Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal
Duyfken (SY) 	Neil Osbourne-Groom 	UP 	0.26
Cook (PL) 	Charles Edwards 	UP 	0.35
Sunshine (TJ) 	Alan Hasseroff 	UP 	0.49
Nanshan (LS) 	Ross Passenger 	UP 	1.50
Minato (TJ) 	Walt Dustin 	UP 	1.67
Spilner (WS) 	Wilson Ingram 	UP 	1.83
Nishihama (TJ) 	Frank Doyle 	UP 	1.93
Devon (PL) 	M. B. Sivakumar 	UP 	2.21
Gibson (PL) 	Kelvin Davidson 	UP 	2.87
Linden (WE) 	Roger Baker 	UP 	3.20
Johnson (PL) 	Jack Warren 	UP 	3.21
O'Malley (MA) 	Gerald Cameron 	UP 	3.51
Warwick (FL) 	Peter Sellman 	UP 	4.11
Hacking (NS) 	Jack Deane 	UP 	4.33
Forrest (MA) 	William Wells 	UP 	4.34
Merewether (NS) 	Ed Tannen 	UP 	4.47
Monash (NS) 	William Carroll 	UP 	4.53
Bayswater (WE) 	Spencer Fox 	UP 	4.63
Simpson (CO) 	Margaret Weaver 	UP 	4.98
Plymouth Southern (PL)	Brad Toole 	UP 	5.02
Devereaux (PL) 	John Paul Hanson 	UP 	5.17
Hunter (LR) 	Frederick Bosman 	UP 	5.27
Epsom (NS) 	Len Severn 	UP 	5.37
Yamaguchi (TJ) 	Ross Aldous 	UP 	5.69
Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe
Braddon (NS) 	Clay Gordon 	UP 	6.16
McLaughlin (LR) 	Matthew Spradlin 	UP 	6.17
Plymouth Northern (PL)	Neil Rothenberg 	UP 	6.35
Kuiper (TJ) 	David Kawasaki 	UP 	6.48
Tojima West (TJ) 	Rei Nagasawa 	UP 	6.83
Normanhurst (CO) 	Terry Ziegler 	UP 	6.89
Wolseley (NS) 	Mike Behrens 	UP 	6.92
Wollstonecraft (LR) 	Bill Teasley 	UP 	6.93
Berkeley (PL) 	Paul Everman 	UP 	7.64
Latham (WS) 	Leland Smith 	UP 	8.46
Van Buren (SA) 	Tom Preston 	UP 	8.50
Formosa (JZ) 	Andrew Quinton 	UP 	9.52
Safe 	Safe 	Safe 	Safe
Kingfisher (FL) 	Steven Falconer 	UP 	10.53
Middle Range (WS) 	Nate Garrett 	UP 	10.58
Orange (WS) 	Jeff McAllister 	UP 	11.66
Double Bay (NS) 	Bert Campbell 	UP 	11.68
Dorterhoek (WE) 	Keith Herbert 	UP 	12.28
Tregear (CO) 	Blake Edwards 	UP 	12.61
Carlisle (FL) 	Jeremy Kohler 	UP 	12.65
Oxley (CO) 	Peter Washington 	UP 	13.04
Marshall Bay (CO) 	Ken Harding 	UP 	14.07
Roscoe (WS) 	Lyndon Howison 	UP 	15.48
Mayfair (CO) 	Lou Abbott 	UP 	16.90
Harrison (FL) 	Robert Shields 	UP 	17.69
Rock Valley (NS) 	Rupert Clake 	UP 	17.74
Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe
Epping (PL) 	Vincent Speakman 	UP 	21.63
Kennedy (WS) 	Clive Dobson 	UP 	21.74
Brighton (WE) 	Christopher Gallagher	UP 	24.59
CROSSBENCH SEATS (6) 	 	 	
Fairfax (FL) 	Richard Cowan 	ENP 	0.70 v UP
Lakeside (KA) 	Walter Leigh 	ENP 	1.30 v UP
Lowe (WE) 	Jonathan Bowen 	CON 	2.37
Aston (PL) 	Frank Blackburn 	IND 	4.85
Mount Gilbert (MA) 	George Sanders 	ENP 	5.32 v UP
Sierra (SA) 	Brian Callister 	IND 	5.35