Rhovanion

Rhovanion, also known as Wilderland, the Land Beyond,, "Chapter VI. Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire" or the Wild, was a large region of northern Middle-earth. The Great River Anduin flowed through it, and the immense forest of Greenwood the Great also lay within its borders.
Politically, Rhovanion referred to a smaller area east of Mirkwood.
== History ==
=== Years of the Trees, and First Age ===
In the Years of the Trees the Elves passed through Rhovanion on their Great Journey. Much later during the First Age, the Atanatári (Fathers of Men) followed them. The region is not otherwise mentioned until tales of the Second Age.
=== Second Age ===
Rhovanion was host to two Silvan Elf kingdoms ruled by Sindarin lords: Northern Greenwood and Lórinand (later named Lórien). During the War of the Last Alliance both of these kings, Amdír of Lórinand and Oropher of the Greenwood, perished in the Battle of Dagorlad.
=== Third Age ===
In TA 1248, Rómendacil II of Gondor destroyed all camps of the Easterlings even beyond the Sea of Rhûn, and a strong alliance with the Northmen princes of Rhovanion was forged. The strongest of these princes at this time was Vidugavia, and Prince Valacar of Gondor was sent as an ambassador to his court. Vidugavia's daughter Vidumavi married Valacar, and their son Vinitharya became King Eldacar in TA 1432, which led to the Kin-strife in TA 1437. Eldacar fled to Rhovanion, and he reclaimed his Kingdom with a Northmen army in TA 1447.
In the north of Greenwood lived the Silvan Elves ruled by Thranduil, and in the south of Greenwood and across the river in Lórinand ruled Amroth. In the far south, near the Rapids of Sarn Gebir, watched the northern guard of Gondor, and in the valleys of the Anduin lived Stoors (Hobbits).
In TA 1636 the Great Plague devastated Rhovanion, killing more than half its people. This left the Northmen weakened, and in TA 1856 the Wainriders overran and enslaved Rhovanion. For 43 years Rhovanion was enslaved, but in TA 1899 there was a revolt, coordinated with an attack by Gondor on the Wainriders from the west. Rhovanion was freed but left extremely weakened. Many Men of Rhovanion left for Gondor, where they were welcomed as distant relatives, or migrated to the vales of Anduin, where they became the Éothéod.
In the mid-Third Age, Rhovanion was a quite populated area: in the north lay the Dwarven kingdoms of Erebor and the Dwarf halls in the Grey Mountains, and the Mannish kingdom of Dale, near the sources of the Great River Anduin lay the Mannish realm of Éothéod, and in and around the south and east of Greenwood the Great lived the Woodmen.
In c. TA 2460 Sauron returned as "the Necromancer", taking residence at Dol Guldur in the south of Greenwood, which became evil and was renamed "Mirkwood". The Dwarves of Erebor and Men of Dale were destroyed and scattered when the Dragon Smaug took Erebor, and Gondor retreated from its northern outposts. Some Men still lived along the forest, notably the Beornings, Woodmen and the Men of Esgaroth upon the Long Lake. The Men of Éothéod removed south at the invitation of Gondor, and settled the plains of Calenardhon, later Rohan. After being driven out of Erebor the Dwarves relocated, some went to the Iron Hills, but most went to the Ered Luin in Eriador.
At the end of the Third Age, the Kingdoms of Erebor and Dale were restored as a result of the death of Smaug and the Battle of Five Armies, and Sauron was removed from Mirkwood by the White Council. During the War of the Ring fighting raged across Rhovanion, and after Sauron was defeated Mirkwood was made clean again, and renamed Eryn Lasgalen, or "Wood of Greenleaves". Early in the Fourth Age Gondor reclaimed large parts of it as part of its eastern territories.
== Inhabitants ==
=== Elves ===
Elves, most notably the Silvan Elves, settled in the Greenwood when they first passed by it. They were later joined by Sindar who escaped the cataclysm of Beleriand and the dominion of the Ñoldor in Eriador. The Wood Elves of Mirkwood participated in the War of the Last Alliance, but later on, retreated into the northern parts of the forest to escape the power of Dol Guldur.
=== Dwarves ===
The Dwarves of Durin's Folk at various times mined in Erebor and the Grey Mountains,
=== Men ===
The men of Rhovanion were known as the Northmen. These included the Woodmen of Mirkwood, the Beornings, and the men of the Principalities of Rhovanion to the east of Greenwood. Easterling invasions destroyed these states, but their descendants became the people of Dale, Esgaroth and the Éothéod, who in turn became the Rohirrim.
=== Hobbits (formerly) ===
An offshoot of the Northmen, the Halflings or Hobbits, emerged in the Gladden Fields beside Greenwood. The threat of Dol Guldur led them to flee to Eriador, but some Stoor Hobbits remained behind for a while.
=== Orcs ===
Orcs invaded Rhovanion beginning in the First Age, and continued to do so from the South during the Dark Days. In the early Third Age, Orcs came down from the North into the realm of Angmar and began invading Rhovanion. The Misty Mountains became filled with them, as were the Grey Mountains once the Dwarves fled.
== Boundaries ==
*To the east: the River Running and the inland Sea of Rhûn.
*To the north: the Grey Mountains and Iron Hills, home of the Dwarves.
* To the west: the Edge of the Wild in Eastern Eriador.
* To the south: the line marked by the Limlight river, Anduin, Emyn Muil, Dagorlad, and the Ered Lithui.
Important rivers were the Anduin or Great River, the Celduin or Running, and the Carnen or Redwater.
Major features were the forest of Mirkwood, and the Long Lake of Esgaroth.
== In adaptations ==
=== In The Hobbit film trilogy ===
The realms of the Wilderland were subjected to several attacks from Easterlings, as well as the threat of Angmar in the early Third Age. Orcs came down from the North and drove the Skin-Changers away from the Misty Mountains, raided the Woodland Realm (costing the lives of Tauriel's parents, as well as the Elvenqueen). Angmar's defeat and the instigation of the Watchful Peace stopped these raids. However, when the Necromancer settled in the ruins of Dol Guldur, Orcs (which have been replenishing their numbers in Mount Gundabad and Moria) came down into Wilderland again.
During the Quest of Erebor, Thorin and Company passed through Wilderland as they were pursued by Azog under orders from the Necromancer. Gandalf left the company at Mirkwood to discover the identity of this sorcerer, a feat finally achieved during the skirmish of Dol Guldur when Galadriel banished Sauron to Mordor.
The skirmish of Dol Guldur led to the outbreak of the Battle of Five Armies and ultimately the War of the Ring.
=== In The Lord of the Rings; The Rings of Power ===
Somewhere in Rhovanion is portrayed as where the Harfoots are roaming when they meet The Stranger in .
== Etymology ==
Rhovanion is SindarinJ.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in ", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), pg. 78 for "wilderland" and contains rhovan, with the place-name ending -ion.
Wilderland was a Hobbit-speech name.J.R.R. Tolkien, "Unfinished index for The Lord of the Rings", in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), , pg. 14 J.R.R. Tolkien made Wilderland based on wilderness but with a side-reference to the verbs wilder, "wander astray" and bewilder.J.R.R. Tolkien, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), , pg. 779
== Translations ==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Amharic 	ርሆቫኒኦን
Arabic 	روفانيون
Armenian 	Րհովանիոն
Belarusian Cyrillic 	Рhованіон
Bengali 	ৰহভানিওন
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Рхованион
Catalan 	Rhovànion
Chinese 	羅馬尼安
Danish 	Rhovanien
Georgian 	როვანიონი (Rhovanion)/ველურმიწეთი (Wilderland)
Greek 	Ροβάνιον
Gujarati 	ર્હોવનિઓન
Hebrew 	רהובאניון
Hindi 	रहोवनिओं
Italian 	Rhovanion a.k.a. Terre Selvagge
Kannada 	ರೋವನಿಯನ್
Kazakh 	Рһованіон (Cyrillic) Rhovanion (Latin)
Korean 	로바 니온 ?
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Рhованион
Lao 	Rຫໂvະນິໂນ ?
Macedonian Cyrillic 	Рхованион
Marathi 	रोव्हनियन
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Рhованион
Nepalese 	ढ़ोवनिओन
Norwegian 	Rhovanion a.k.a. Villenland
Pashto 	رهووانیان
Persian 	رووانیون ?
Portuguese 	Rhovanion a.k.a. Terra Selvagem (Portugal)
Rhovanion a.k.a. Terras Ermas (Portuguese Brazil)
Sanskrit 	र्होवनिओन्
Sinhalese 	ර්හොවනිඔන්
Spanish (Spain and Latin America)	Rhovanion a.k.a. Tierras Ásperas
Russian 	Рованион
Serbian (Cyrillic) 	Рованион
Serbian (Latin) 	Rovanion
Tajik Cyrillic 	Рҳованион
Tamil 	ற்ஹொவநிஒந்
Telugu 	రహోవానిన్
Thai 	โรห์วานิออน
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Рованіон
Urdu 	رہووانااون
Uzbek 	Рҳованион (Cyrillic) Rhovanion (Latin)
Yiddish 	רהאָוואַניאָן
== References ==
Category:Sindarin names & words
Category:Regions
Category:Realms
 
Category:Middle-earth
Category:The Rings of Power locations
ca:Rhovànion
de:Rhovanion
es:Rhovanion
fr:Rhovanion
it:Rhovanion
nl:Rhovanion
pl:Rhovanion
pt-br:Rhovanion
ru:Рованион
tr:Rhovanion
uk:Рованіон