Long Term Health Issues & Disabilities(Transcript)

Zoe: Hello everybody, welcome to the second episode of Health & Physical Education Wednesdays.
George: And today, we will be talking about Long Term Health Issues & Disabilities.
Zoe: So the first long-term health issue is AIDS.
George: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS for short, is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV for short.
Zoe: This has been a common problem in the world, and this is also an STD. Or sexually transmitted disease which we'll learn about in the next season.
George: HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat and tears, do not transmit the virus. 
Zoe: What are the symptoms?
George: Well, the symptoms may come in different stages. But for now, when HIV destroys your immune system, you can catch other illnesses and die. There is no cure for AIDS.
Zoe: Yeah, on to the next disease.
Scene cuts to Kandace and Raphael.
Kandace: Hello everybody, since Zoe and George have shown you about HIV/AIDS, we will show you about the next STDs.
Raphael: Wait, didn't we save STDs for the next season?
Kandace: Oh right, retake!
Kandace requested a retake so this is take 2.
Kandace: Hello everybody, since Zoe and George have shown you about HIV/AIDS, we will show you about the next disorder, Anaemia.
Raphael: Anaemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen..
Kandace: In the UK, about 23% of pregnant women and 14% of non-pregnant women have anaemia. You need to check the iron in your blood if you have Anaemia. What are the symptoms?
Raphael: Because you'll lose blood from Anaemia, the symptoms you'll have are often vague and may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, and a poor ability to exercise. When the anemia comes on quickly, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst.
Kandace: Another alert, there is no specific treatment. Now, next disease.
Scene cuts to Brad and Connor.
Brad: So the next long-term issue is, Asthma.
Connor: I have asthma.
Brad: I know, sometimes, asthma comes with allergies. Especially if you have a nut allergy like Connor.
Connor: You can't cure asthma too.
Brad: The symptoms are episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. This worsens depending on a person, such as at night, exercise or allergens. Especially nuts and dust.
Connor: Like me.
Brad: So those with asthma might need an inhaler. Connor, did you bring your inhaler?
Connor: No, I left it at home.
Brad: Uh oh. But there is another disorder we want to show you. And yes, it's cystic fibrosis. George and I have cystic fibrosis.
Connor: Like asthma, cystic fibrosis worsens depending on the person. The only difference that you don't die from asthma, unless you smoke or you don't treat it properly. But you do die from cystic fibrosis because life expectancies are short. These guys live up to about 42 to 50 years. About 1 in 3,000 people of Northern European descent have this disease. Especially those from the UK. Brad is also of Northern European descent, he is of Norwegian, German, Irish, French, Greek and Cantonese descent.
Brad: Erm... skip German, French, Greek and Cantonese because cystic fibrosis is not common in Germany, France, Greece and Hong Kong or Macau. My mum is from Hong Kong.
Connor: Do you know the symptoms?
Brad: Well, the symptoms CF patients may or may not have are difficulty breathing, sinus infections, poor growth, fatty stool, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and infertility in most males.
Connor: Uh oh.
Brad: I know. CF is a genetic condition caused by the presence of mutations in both copies of the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. When both parents have the gene, there is 1 in 4 chances you'll get cystic fibrosis. There is 1 in 4 chances you'll be unaffected and 2 in 4 chances you'll be unaffected but carry the gene.
Connor: There is no cure, right?
Brad: Yes, no cure. But there is treatment for the disease. Lung infections are treated with antibiotics which may be given intravenously, inhaled, or by mouth. Sometimes, the antibiotic azithromycin is used long term. Inhaled hypertonic saline and salbutamol may also be useful. Lung transplantation may be an option if lung function continues to worsen. Pancreatic enzyme replacement and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation are important, especially in the young. Airway clearance techniques such as chest physiotherapy have some short-term benefit, but long-term effects are unclear.
Connor: Definitely no cure.
Brad: As I said, CF is common on those of European descent, especially those of Irish, Scottish, British, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian descent. And, yes, I am of British, Irish and Norwegian descent, if you only count my Northern European heritage.
Connor: Next disease.
Scene cuts to Yuto and Aidan.
Yuto: Hello everyone, today we will be talking about, Type 1 Diabetes.
Aidan: My dad has diabetes.
Yuto: What?
Aidan: I watched the vine.
Yuto: Oh.
Aidan: So Type 1 Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment.
Yuto: About that, about 5.1% of the population in England has type 1 Diabetes which is rarer than type 2. The cause of type 1 is unknown but it is probably genetics. The cause of type 2 is obesity. But let's just talk type 1.
Aidan: You can manage type 1 diabetes by checking your blood sugar after every meal. If you have high blood sugar, you'll have to inject insulin which is produced by the pancreas. If you have low blood sugar, eat a piece of candy, or eat a cookie or juice.
Yuto: Enough said, next disorder.
Scene cuts to Molly and Emily.
Molly: Hello everyone, today we'll talk about Asperger's Syndrome.
Emily: Asperger syndrome, also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterised by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.
Molly: As a milder autism spectrum disorder, it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common. Signs usually begin before two years of age and typically last for a person's entire life.
Emily: There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data. Treatment is aimed at lowering obsessive or repetitive routines, and improving communication skills and physical clumsiness. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety.
Molly: About 700,000 people in the UK have Asperger's, that's more than 1 in a 100.
Emily: That's it for today, moving on.
Scene cuts to Thaiyo and Oakley.
Thaiyo: Hello everyone, today we'll talk about ADHD.
Oakley: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It is characterized by difficulty paying attention, excessive activity and acting without regards to consequences, which are otherwise not appropriate for a person's age.
Thaiyo: Some individuals with ADHD also display difficulty regulating emotions. For a diagnosis, the symptoms should appear before a person is twelve years old, be present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities). In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. Additionally there is an association with other mental disorders and substance misuse. Although it causes impairment, particularly in modern society, many people with ADHD can have sustained attention for tasks they find interesting or rewarding (known as hyperfocus).
Oakley: Inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior, and impulsivity are common in ADHD. Academic difficulties are frequent as are problems with relationships. The symptoms can be difficult to define, as it is hard to draw a line at where normal levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity end and significant levels requiring interventions begin.
Thaiyo: There is no cure for ADHD unfortunately. So far, all of the diseases and disorders here have no cure.
Oakley: Because this episode is about long-term health issues and disabilities. That's why.
Thaiyo: Right. About 1.5 million adults in the UK have the condition, ADHD, but only 120,000 are formally diagnosed.
Oakley: On to the next disorder.
Scene cuts to Alicia and Anya.
Alicia: Hello everyone, today we will talk about Dementia.
Anya: Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is severe enough to affect daily functioning. Other common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and a decrease in motivation. Consciousness is usually not affected. A diagnosis of dementia requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging. These diseases have a significant effect on caregivers.
Alicia: There are currently around 850,000 people with dementia in the UK. This is projected to rise to 1.6 million by 2040. 209,600 will develop dementia this year, that's one every three minutes. 1 in 6 people over the age of 80 have dementia.
Anya: Football players may or may not have dementia. Especially Jeff Astle, who was frequently mentioned in the show a few month ago.
Scene cuts to a scene in the episode, 'Takedown.'
James: Are you ready mates?
Reece: We all are.
Aidan: Yeah, we will all go Ronaldo on this.
Zoe: Christiano Ronaldo is Portuguese not British.
Yuto: But that's our favorite player.
Aidan: Okay, we're going to go Astle on this.
Zoe: Jeff Astle died.
George: Okay, whatever.
Reece: Let's go team.
Scene cuts back to Alicia and Anya.
Alicia: Yup.
Anya: There is currently no known cure for Dementia.
Alicia: I know.
Anya: On to the next disorder.
Scene cuts to Collins and Harvey.
Harvey: Hello everyone, today we are going to talk about, dyslexia. And yes, we also have a dyslexic here.
Collins: Hello.
Harvey: So what are the problems of dyslexia?
Collins: Well, the problems are difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. In my case, I have problems spelling.
Harvey: Oh, I thought it was not being able to read.
Collins: That is another problem, but this may vary from person to person. This can be case can be caused by genetics or other factors. Since I'm from the US, about 43.5 million Americans may have dyslexia.
Harvey: In the UK, about 6.3 million people may have dyslexia. However, many well-known faces in the world also have dyslexia.
Collins: Such as Jennifer Aniston, Princess Beatrice of York, Orlando Bloom, Cher, Tom Cruise, Noel Gallagher, Tom Holland, Jace Norman and Bella Thorne.
Harvey: Dyslexia has been depicted in Percy Jackson as well. Like letters flying around you, I guess.
Collins: I don't think that's dyslexia. Dyslexia is words being scrambled, like scrambled eggs and stuff like that. Also that's why we are depicted as not being able to read. Even I can't read the script Kandace and Raphael gave me, if I do, I would pronounce things wrong.
Harvey: But did they let you say your own words?
Collins: Yes, that was a relief.
Harvey: So that's it for the episode. We are running out of time so see you in the next episode.
Collins and Harvey: Bye!
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