1996 NASCAR RCA Cup Series (Johnsonverse)

The 1996 NASCAR RCA Cup Series was the 48th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 25th modern era NASCAR Cup series. The season had been started on January 28 at Sears Point Raceway, and ended on November 17 at Ontario Motor Speedway. The season would be remembered as Shawna Robinson becoming the first female driver to win a major motorsports championship. Starting this year, the field was increased to 46 cars per race due to the amount of entries each race was receiving.
This is the first season with title sponsorship from RCA after NASCAR terminated its contract with R.J. Reynolds at the conclusion of the 1995 season.
==Teams, drivers, and manufacturers==
=== Manufacturers ===
Company 	Marquee 	Model 	Status
General Motors 	Chevrolet	Monte Carlo Z34 	Full factory support
General Motors 	Chevrolet	Cavalier 	Full factory support
General Motors 	Chevrolet	Camaro Z28 	Full factory support
General Motors 	Chevrolet	Caprice 	FINAL YEAR, full factory support
General Motors 	Chevrolet	Beretta Z34 	FINAL YEAR, full factory support
General Motors 	Pontiac 	Grand Prix 	Full factory support
General Motors 	Pontiac 	Bonneville 	Full factory support
General Motors 	Pontiac 	Firebird 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Thunderbird 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Probe 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Escort 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Crown Victoria 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Contour 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Ford 	Mustang SVT Cobra	NEW VARIANT, full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Mercury 	Cougar 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Mercury 	Sable 	Full factory support
Ford Motor Company 	Mercury 	Grand Marquis 	Full factory support
Chrysler Corporation	Dodge 	Intrepid 	Full factory support
Chrysler Corporation	Dodge 	Stratus 	Full factory support
Chrysler Corporation	Dodge 	Avenger 	Full factory support
==== Manufacturer notes ====
1996 saw a major escalation in the Third Aero Wars that had commenced in 1995, when Mercury introduced the new-generation Sable. Nobody knew what to make of the new car, with its unorthodox body design and a front-end that Jeff Gordon described as "a dying fish gasping for air". Despite these criticisms, the car managed to finish in the top-ten of every race in 1996, and even managed to get three wins with Clifford Allison. The car's unexpected success not only saw Ford scrambling to get the Sable's badge-engineering template, the Ford Taurus, into NASCAR competition (the Taurus ran in the Busch Series starting in 1997, and then the RCA Cup Series in 1998 as a replacement for the discontinued Ford Thunderbird), Dodge began developing a new generation of Intrepid to homologate for NASCAR competition, doing so by 1999. General Motors responded to the Sable by bringing back Oldsmobile in 1997.
===Complete schedule===
Manufacturer	Team 	No.	Race driver 	Crew chief 	Model 	Primary Sponsor
Chevrolet 	Darrell Waltrip Racing 	17 	Darrell Waltrip 	Pete Peterson 	1996 Beretta 	Parts America
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Steve Grissom 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Greg Sacks 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Butch Leitzinger 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Chad Little 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Jeff Green 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Diamond Ridge Motorsports 	29 	Robert Pressley 	Bill Ingle 	1996 Caprice 	Cartoon Network
Chevrolet 	Hendrick Motorsports 	5 	Terry Labonte 	Gary DeHart 	1996 Monte Carlo 	Kellogg's
Chevrolet 	Hendrick Motorsports 	24 	Jeff Gordon 	Ray Evernham 	1996 Monte Carlo 	DuPont
Chevrolet 	Hendrick Motorsports 	25 	Tim Richmond 	Phil Hammer 	1996 Monte Carlo 	Lowe's
Chevrolet 	Hendrick Motorsports 	52 	Ricky Craven 	Tim Brewer 	1996 Monte Carlo 	Skittles
Chevrolet 	Joe Gibbs Racing 	18 	Dale Jarrett 	Jimmy Makar 	1996 Beretta 	Interstate Batteries
Chevrolet 	Larry Hedrick Motorsports 	41 	Ricky Craven 	Charley Pressley	1996 Cavalier 	Kodiak/Circle K
Chevrolet 	Leo Jackson Motorsports 	33 	Robert Pressley 	Andy Petree 	1996 Camaro 	Skoal Bandit
Chevrolet 	Leo Jackson Motorsports 	33 	Greg Sacks 	Andy Petree 	1996 Camaro 	Skoal Bandit
Chevrolet 	Leo Jackson Motorsports 	33 	Todd Bodine 	Andy Petree 	1996 Camaro 	Skoal Bandit
Chevrolet 	Marcis Auto Racing 	71 	Dave Marcis 	Terry Fisher 	1996 Camaro 	Prodigy
Chevrolet 	Morgan-McClure Motorsports 	4 	Kenny Wallace 	Tony Glover 	1996 Caprice 	Kodak Film
Chevrolet 	NEMCO Motorsports 	87 	Joe Nemechek 	Jeff Buice 	1996 Cavalier 	Burger King
Chevrolet 	Richard Childress Racing 	3 	Dale Earnhardt 	Andy Petree 	1996 Monte Carlo 	GM Goodwrench
Chevrolet 	Richard Childress Racing 	31 	Neil Bonnett 	 	1996 Monte Carlo 	Mom N Pop Country Ham
Dodge 	AK Racing 	7 	Alan Kulwicki 	Paul Andrews 	1996 Avenger 	Zerex
Dodge 	Bahari Racing 	30 	Johnny Benson (R) 	Doug Hewitt 	1996 Intrepid 	Pennzoil
Dodge 	Bill Davis Racing 	22 	Bobby Labonte 	Chris Hussey 	1996 Intrepid 	MBNA America
Dodge 	Bill Davis Racing 	23 	Ward Burton 	 	1996 Intrepid 	New Holland Tractors
Dodge 	Donlavey Racing 	90 	Ken Schrader 	Bob Johnson 	1996 Stratus 	Heilig-Meyers
Dodge 	Elliott-Melling Racing 	9 	Bill Elliott 	 	1996 Intrepid 	Coors Light
Dodge 	Elliott-Melling Racing 	94 	Casey Elliott (R) 	 	1996 Intrepid 	Super 8 Motels
Dodge 	Petty Enterprises 	43 	Bobby Hamilton 	Robbie Loomis 	1996 Intrepid 	STP
Dodge 	Petty Enterprises 	43 	Richard Petty 	Robbie Loomis 	1996 Intrepid 	STP
Dodge 	Precision Products Racing 	1 	Rick Mast 	Kevin Hamlin 	1996 Avenger 	Hooters
Dodge 	SABCO Racing 	40 	Shawna Robinson 	 	1996 Intrepid 	Kmart
Dodge 	SABCO Racing 	42 	Kyle Petty 	William Woodruff	1996 Intrepid 	Mello Yello
Dodge 	SABCO Racing 	45 	Patty Moise 	 	1996 Intrepid 	Barbie
Ford 	Bobby Allison Motorsports 	12 	Derrike Cope 	Jimmy Fennig 	1996 Mustang 	Mane 'N Tail
Ford 	Bud Moore Engineering 	15 	Wally Dallenbach Jr.	Jimmy Means 	1996 Escort 	Hayes Modems
Ford 	FILMAR Racing 	82 	Kenny Wallace 	Gil Martin 	1996 Mustang 	Square D
Ford 	Junior Johnson & Associates	11 	Ernie Irvan 	Donnie Richeson 	1996 Thunderbird 	Budweiser
Ford 	Junior Johnson & Associates	27 	Ted Musgrave 	 	1996 Thunderbird 	McDonald's
Ford 	Penske Racing South 	2 	Rusty Wallace 	Robin Pemberton 	1996 Thunderbird 	Miller
Ford 	Robert Yates Racing 	28 	Davey Allison 	Larry McReynolds	1996 Thunderbird 	Texaco/Havoline
Ford 	Robert Yates Racing 	88 	Sterling Marlin 	Todd Parrott 	1996 Thunderbird 	Ford Quality Care
Ford 	Roush Racing 	6 	Mark Martin 	Steve Hmiel
Jimmy Fennig	1996 Probe 	Valvoline
Ford 	Roush Racing 	16 	Tammy Jo Kirk 	Howard Comstock 	1996 Probe 	Family Channel/PrimeStar
Ford 	Roush Racing 	99 	Jeff Burton 	Buddy Parrott 	1996 Probe 	Exide Batteries
Ford 	Travis Carter Enterprises 	32 	Jimmy Spencer 	Donnie Wingo 	1996 Contour 	Camel Cigarettes
Mercury 	Jasper Motorsports 	77 	Bobby Hillin Jr. 	Michael McSwain 	1996 Cougar 	Jasper/Federal Mogul
Mercury 	Orr Motorsports 	74 	Rodney Orr 	 	1996 Cougar 	Craftsman
Mercury 	Rudd Performance Racing 	10 	Ricky Rudd 	Richard Broome 	1996 Grand Marquis	Tide
Mercury 	Stavola Brothers Racing 	8 	Hut Stricklin 	Phillipe Lopez 	1996 Sable 	Circuit City
Mercury 	Stavola Brothers Racing 	84 	Clifford Allison (R)	 	1996 Sable 	Circuit City
Mercury 	Wood Brothers Racing 	21 	Michael Waltrip 	Leonard Wood 	1996 Cougar 	Citgo
Pontiac 	Butch Mock Motorsports 	75 	Morgan Shepherd 	Troy Selberg 	1996 Sunfire 	Remington Arms
Pontiac 	Cale Yarborough Motorsports	98 	Jeremy Mayfield 	Tony Furr 	1996 Bonneville 	RCA
Pontiac 	Cale Yarborough Motorsports	98 	John Andretti 	Tony Furr 	1996 Bonneville 	RCA
Pontiac 	Kranefuss-Haas Racing 	37 	John Andretti 	 	1996 Firebird 	Little Caesars
Pontiac 	Kranefuss-Haas Racing 	37 	Jeremy Mayfield 	 	1996 Firebird 	Little Caesars
Pontiac 	Moroso Racing 	20 	Rob Moroso 	Mark Cutter 	1996 Grand Prix 	Fina Lube
===Limited schedule===
Manufacturer	Team 	No.	Race driver 	Crew chief 	Model
Chevrolet 	Active Motorsports 	32 	Jimmy Hensley 	 	1995 Monte Carlo
Chevrolet 	Bradberry Racing 	 	Gary Bradberry 	 	1995 Beretta
Chevrolet 	Cicci-Welliver Racing 	34 	Mike McLaughlin 	 	1996 Caprice
Chevrolet 	Dale Earnhardt, Inc. 	38 	Kelley Earnhardt 	Dave Charpentier	1994 Lumina
Chevrolet 	JTC Racing 	46 	Chad Little 	 	1995 Monte Carlo
Chevrolet 	Marcis Auto Racing 	71 	Dave Marcis 	 	1996 Camaro
Chevrolet 	Phoenix Racing 	44 	Jeff Purvis 	Marc Reno 	1993 Caprice
Chevrolet 	Sadler Racing 	26 	Hermie Sadler 	 	1995 Cavalier
Dodge 	A.J. Foyt Enterprises 	50 	A.J. Foyt 	 	1996 Intrepid
Dodge 	Barkdoll Racing 	73 	Tracy Leslie 	 	1996 Intrepid
Dodge 	Barkdoll Racing 	73 	Phil Barkdoll 	 	1996 Intrepid
Dodge 	Miles Motorsports 	02 	Robbie Faggart 	 	1994 Avenger
Dodge 	Miles Motorsports 	02 	Randy Baker 	 	1994 Avenger
Dodge 	Petty Enterprises 	44 	Bobby Hamilton 	 	1996 Intrepid
Dodge 	Seligman Racing 	57 	Steve Seligman 	 	1995 Stratus
Ford 	Campbell Racing 	49 	Mark Gibson 	 	1995 Escort
Ford 	Campbell Racing 	49 	Eric Smith 	 	1995 Escort
Ford 	David Blair Motorsports	27 	Elton Sawyer 	Mike Hill 	1996 Probe
Ford 	David Blair Motorsports	27 	Jason Keller 	Mike Hill 	1996 Probe
Ford 	David Blair Motorsports	27 	Todd Bodine 	Mike Hill 	1996 Probe
Ford 	David Blair Motorsports	27 	Ron Barfield 	Mike Hill 	1996 Probe
Ford 	Geoff Bodine Racing 	07 	Geoff Bodine 	 	1996 Crown Victoria
Ford 	O'Neil Racing 	65 	Steve Seligman 	 	1994 Mustang
Ford 	Sadler Brothers Racing 	95 	Chuck Bown 	 	1995 Escort
Ford 	Sadler Brothers Racing 	95 	Gary Bradberry 	 	1995 Escort
Ford 	Schnell Motorsports 	63 	Dick Trickle 	 	1995 Crown Victoria
Ford 	Schnell Motorsports 	63 	Ed Berrier 	 	1995 Crown Victoria
Ford 	Schnell Motorsports 	63 	Mike Wallace 	 	1995 Crown Victoria
Mercury 	Balough Racing 	57 	Jim Bown 	 	1994 Grand Marquis
Mercury 	Byers Racing 	82 	Terry Byers 	 	1994 Sable
Mercury 	Monroe Motorsports 	46 	Stacy Compton (R) 	 	1995 Cougar
Mercury 	H.L. Waters Racing 	0 	Delma Cowart 	 	1996 Cougar
Mercury 	Triad Motorsports 	78 	Randy MacDonald (R)	 	1995 Sable
Mercury 	Triad Motorsports 	78 	Billy Standridge 	 	1995 Sable
Mercury 	TriStar Motorsports 	19 	Loy Allen Jr. 	Peter Sospenzo 	1996 Cougar
Mercury 	TriStar Motorsports 	19 	Dick Trickle 	Peter Sospenzo 	1996 Cougar
Mercury 	TriStar Motorsports 	19 	Mike Wallace 	Peter Sospenzo 	1996 Cougar
Pontiac 	Hendrick Motorsports 	48 	Jack Sprague 	 	1996 Grand Prix
Pontiac 	Mark Rypien Motorsports	97 	Chad Little 	Harold Holly 	1995 Sunfire
Pontiac 	T.R.I.X. Racing 	79 	Norm Benning 	 	1994 Bonneville
==Schedule==
No.	Race title 	Track 	Date 	TV
1 	Save Mart Supermarket 300 	Sears Point Raceway, Sonoma 	January 28 	WBC
 	Busch Clash 	Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach	February 11 	WBC
 	Gatorade Twin 125s 	Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach	February 15 	WBC
2 	Daytona 500 	Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach	February 18 	WBC
3 	Goodwrench Service 400 	North Carolina Motor Speedway, Rockingham 	February 25 	TNN
4 	Pontiac Excitement 400 	Richmond International Raceway, Richmond 	March 3 	ESPN
5 	Purolator 500 	Atlanta Motor Speedway, Hampton 	March 10 	WBC
6 	Coors 400 	Pikes Peak International Speedway, Fountain 	March 17 	WBC
7 	TranSouth Financial 400 	Darlington Raceway, Darlington 	March 24 	ESPN
8 	Food City 500 	Bristol Motor Speedway, Bristol 	March 31 	ESPN
9 	First Union 400 	North Wilkesboro Speedway, North Wilkesboro 	April 14 	ESPN
10 	Goody's Headache Powder 500 	Martinsville Speedway, Ridgeway 	April 21 	ESPN
11 	Dodge 500 	Talladega Superspeedway, Lincoln 	April 28 	ESPN
12 	Budweiser 400 	Riverside International Raceway, Riverside 	May 5 	WBC
13 	Diet Coke 500 	Denver International Speedway, Denver 	May 12 	WBC
 	RCA Open 	Bowman Gray Stadium, Winston-Salem 	May 20 	TNN
 	RCA All-Star Challenge XII 	Bowman Gray Stadium, Winston-Salem 	May 20 	TNN
14 	Coca-Cola 600 	Charlotte Motor Speedway, Concord 	May 26 	WBC
15 	Miller 500 	Dover Downs International Speedway, Dover 	June 2 	TNN
16 	Pabst Blue Ribbon 400 	The Milwaukee Mile, West Allis 	June 9 	TNN
17 	San Jose 500 	San Jose Motorplex, Gilroy 	June 16 	WBC
18 	Chrysler 400 	Nazareth Speedway, Nazareth 	June 23 	WBC
19 	Music City USA 420 	Nashville Speedway USA, Nashville 	June 30 	TNN
20 	Pepsi 400 	Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach	July 6 	ESPN
21 	Jiffy Lube 300 	New Hampshire International Speedway, Loudon 	July 14 	TNN
22 	Miller 500 	Pocono Raceway, Long Pond 	July 21 	WBC
23 	DieHard 500 	Talladega Superspeedway, Lincoln 	July 28 	WBC
24 	Brickyard 400 	Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Speedway 	August 3 	WBC
25 	The Bud at The Glen 	Watkins Glen International, Watkins Glen 	August 11 	ESPN
26 	GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 	Michigan Speedway, Brooklyn 	August 18 	ESPN
27 	Goody's Headache Powder 500 	Bristol Motor Speedway, Bristol 	August 24 	ESPN
28 	Southern 500 	Darlington Raceway, Darlington 	September 1 	ESPN
29 	Miller 400 	Richmond International Raceway, Richmond 	September 7 	ESPN
30 	MBNA 500 	Dover Downs International Speedway, Dover 	September 15	TNN
31 	Hanes 500 	Martinsville Speedway, Ridgeway 	September 22	ESPN
32 	Tyson Holly Farms 400 	North Wilkesboro Speedway, North Wilkesboro 	September 29	ESPN
33 	UAW-GM Quality 500 	Charlotte Motor Speedway, Concord 	October 6 	WBC
34 	Cisco Systems 500 	San Jose Motorplex, Gilroy 	October 13 	WBC
35 	AC Delco 400 	North Carolina Motor Speedway, Rockingham 	October 20 	TNN
36 	Dura Lube 500 	Phoenix International Raceway, Avondale 	October 27 	TNN
37 	Sprite 500 	Denver International Speedway, Denver 	November 2 	WBC
38 	NAPA 500 	Atlanta Motor Speedway, Hampton 	November 10 	ESPN
39 	Los Angeles Times 500 	Ontario Motor Speedway, Ontario 	November 17 	WBC
 	NASCAR Suzuka Thunder Special	Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka 	November 24 	WBC
== Season summary ==
== Results ==
No.	Race 	Pole Position 	Winner 	Make/Model
1 	Budweiser 400 	Jeff Gordon 	Alan Kulwicki 	Dodge Avenger
 	Busch Clash 	Rick Mast 	Ernie Irvan 	Ford Thunderbird
 	Gatorade Twin 125s Race 1 	Dale Earnhardt 	Dale Earnhardt 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
 	Gatorade Twin 125s Race 2 	Davey Allison 	Davey Allison 	Ford Thunderbird
2 	Daytona 500 	Dale Earnhardt 	Dale Jarrett 	Chevrolet Beretta
3 	Goodwrench Service 400 	Terry Labonte 	Dale Earnhardt 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
4 	Pontiac Excitement 400 	Terry Labonte 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
5 	Purolator 500 	Johnny Benson 	Dale Earnhardt 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
6 	Coors 400 	Mark Martin 	Clifford Allison	Mercury Sable
7 	TranSouth Financial 400 	Ward Burton 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
8 	Food City 500 	Mark Martin 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
9 	First Union 400 	Terry Labonte 	Terry Labonte 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
10 	Goody's Headache Powder 500 	Ricky Craven 	Davey Allison 	Ford Thunderbird
11 	Dodge 500 	Ernie Irvan 	Sterling Marlin 	Chevrolet Caprice
12 	Save Mart Supermarket 300 	Terry Labonte 	Rusty Wallace 	Ford Thunderbird
13 	Diet Coke 500 	Bobby Labonte 	Kyle Petty 	Dodge Intrepid
 	RCA Open 	??? 	Jimmy Spencer 	Ford Contour
 	RCA All-Star Challenge XII 	Jeff Gordon 	Michael Waltrip 	Mercury Cougar
14 	Coca-Cola 600 	Jeff Gordon 	Ernie Irvan 	Ford Thunderbird
15 	Miller 500 	Jeff Gordon 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
16 	Pabst Blue Ribbon 400 	Jeff Gordon 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
17 	San Jose 500 	Bobby Hamilton 	Alan Kulwicki 	Dodge Avenger
18 	Chrysler 400 	Bobby Hamilton 	Rusty Wallace 	Ford Thunderbird
19 	Music City USA 420 	Jeff Burton 	Rick Mast 	Dodge Avenger
20 	Pepsi 400 	Jeff Gordon 	Sterling Marlin 	Chevrolet Caprice
21 	Jiffy Lube 300 	Ricky Craven 	Ernie Irvan 	Ford Thunderbird
22 	Miller 500 	Mark Martin 	Rusty Wallace 	Ford Thunderbird
23 	DieHard 500 	Jeremy Mayfield	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
24 	Brickyard 400 	Jeff Gordon 	Dale Jarrett 	Chevrolet Beretta
25 	The Bud at The Glen 	Dale Earnhardt 	Geoff Bodine 	Ford Crown Victoria
26 	GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 	Jeff Burton 	Dale Jarrett 	Chevrolet Beretta
27 	Goody's Headache Powder 500 	Mark Martin 	Rusty Wallace 	Ford Thunderbird
28 	Southern 500 	Dale Jarrett 	Kyle Petty 	Dodge Intrepid
29 	Miller 400 	Mark Martin 	Clifford Allison	Mercury Sable
30 	MBNA 500 	Bobby Labonte 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
31 	Hanes 500 	Bobby Hamilton 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
32 	Tyson Holly Farms 400 	Ted Musgrave 	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
33 	UAW-GM Quality 500 	Dale Jarrett 	Terry Labonte 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
34 	Cisco Systems 500 	Sterling Marlin	Jeff Gordon 	Chevrolet Monte Carlo
35 	AC Delco 400 	Ernie Irvan 	Ricky Rudd 	Mercury Grand Marquis
36 	Dura Lube 500 	Bobby Labonte 	Bobby Hamilton 	Dodge Intrepid
37 	Sprite 500 	Kyle Petty 	Ken Schrader 	Dodge Stratus
38 	NAPA 500 	Bobby Labonte 	Bobby Labonte 	Dodge Intrepid
39 	Los Angeles Times 500 	Shawna Robinson	Clifford Allison	Mercury Sable
 	NASCAR Suzuka Thunder Special	Rusty Wallace 	Rusty Wallace 	Ford Thunderbird
==Cars used in 1996 (incomplete)==
File:1996 chevrolet monte carlo.jpg|Chevrolet Monte Carlo Z34
File:1996 chevrolet beretta.jpg|Chevrolet Beretta Z26
File:1996 ford thunderbird.jpg|Ford Thunderbird
File:1996 ford mustang.jpg|Ford Mustang
File:1996 pontiac grand prix.jpg|Pontiac Grand Prix
File:1996 pontiac sunfire.jpg|Pontiac Sunfire
File:1996 mercury cougar.jpg|Mercury Cougar
Category:Johnsonverse