Progress

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Etymologia: Ex latin progress (in ids wi maynen : "perodhgress"; in ids figurat maynen, "crehscen"). 
'Definition': Progredde est pro-gredde. Quo enderkweit inkaptos un "progress" ud un "evolution" au un "antslehnken" est od senters ghehde bihe subiht passive-ye ab el ses ia affece, menxu est progress tik pro un autonom subject. 
==Un problematic dayi==
Quando saygmos "progress", in id singular, maynskwms od menscgenos, comayt, greddt perodh. Bet id actual situation tos dayi est paradoxal. Aun bihe frank-ye reject, id notion uns wahid progress trendt semper meis kyuses un process quod se impont ad nos aun ghehdmos bewaldhe id ("Progress khact bihe stopen"), ed quod hat neid bund-ye ryowkhow (biht bahto de ia "inconvenients" au "dangers" os progress). Bo naudhs mathmounen in id lexis progress sont it rejecen in id modern usage tos werd, ed poitt bihe daumt quetos gwehmt tod paradox. 
Un perodhgress os menscgenos esiet conceptible tik ye tri conditions. Prest-ye, od id hol menscgenos biht assimilen uni sami mensci quel ne stopt progredde, dank id historic continuitat permittend ielgi nov generation habe ka startpoint quo buit muschkil-ye hassilet ab ia prever generations : idee expressen akster-ye ab Pascal (1623-1662) in sien preface in id Traité du Vide (1651). Poskwo, od id mund ghehdt bihe kayjinen aunfin, aun aiwo nake final perfection : to antplehct is deutsch philosoph Leibniz (1646-1716) in De rerum originatione radicali (1697). Bad, od el menscis ne est locbohnden in un fix "essence", bet od el hat nature-ye - sei to poitt bihe sayct - id magh os denature-se : paradoxal, ambivalent magh chunke id dehlct al permitte progredde, ed kathalika regredde. In id Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes (1755), Rousseau (1712-1778) namt "perfectibilitat" tod stragno magh. 
Est ob ta tri philosophic theses sont reject od id dayi progress gwehmt, nundiens, do kenasce sien substance. Ad prest biht opposen id historic ed ethnographic discontinuitat os menscgenos; ad dwot est objecen od id aunfinia ios progress os technique emt id forme uns bawlaw aunmeidia, ed ne ios approximation uns perfection; ed sei id dayi uns menscperfectibilitatios biht dart, est kay meis suaenluce id perpetual discordance inter nies progressa (scientific, technic) ed nies regressa (intellectual, moral). Biht tun derisor tolke de un perodhgress os menscgenos : prest ob ne est menscgenos (argument os discontinuitat), dind ob progresso skapt nos (argument os aunmeidia), bad ob ne brungmos id (argument os discordance). 
==Historia ios dayi progress==
Id integral dayi uns perodhgress os menscgenos tarikhet ex id XVIIIt secule. Id skeipen tos dayi might bihe beluct med ia sehkwnda nischans. 
In Antiquitat, Platon (427-347 pre JC) assocyet ja menscgenos ed progress, in sien dialogos Is Politic ye id waurmen uns tsay-emen ios mythos ios "golden aiwios" evoquet af Hesiod : id golden aiwo, sekwent Platon, est un aunpolitique aiwo, chunke mensci gwive ter direct-ye sub id commande im divs; gwito dehnt ieun-ye, yani ex geros do yuwent. Kun i divs linkwnt id mund ed sine id lites med sien vi mov, gwit emt id druna quod gnohms, ex yuwent do geros ed mohrt : id biht un gvihn gwit; mensci succumbhe id, tem quem animals, bet tentend chitaye tod corruption per id invention ios politic art ed per technic progress (tsay-emen ios mythos os Promanthus). Est viden quod secundar place Platon tribuet ad progress : tod unios malst gwahmen. 
Ka religion sult ep id fid in un Historia, ed ep id sibia inter un "Vetus" ed un "Nov Testament", christianisme kwehrt un essentialo place ei dayi progress. Id christiano men hat gohnt id prest philosophia os Historia integrand id sigwren uns progress os menscgenos : in id Citad os Div, scriben inter 412 & 427, Saint Augustinus (354-430) oppont id progressive historia ios warwncitad ei regressive historia ios ardhcitad. Inkye tod wehrgo prehpt kathalika ye id prest ker id analogia inter id historia ios hol menscgenos ed id gwit uns wahid mensc. 
Id scientific revolution ios XVIIt secule impont id dayi od id progress iom gnohsas ne expremt id sliebe im menscen, qui bayansient tik lent-ye ed kmehwent-ye id perfection ios universe, sontern skeipt positive-ye idpet weida : "druve est purt os wakt" enuncet Bacon (1561-1626) ye id kenar ios Megil Secule. In sien dwo major wehrgs Advancement of Learning (1603) ed id Novum Organum (1620), is yunct akster-ye, kam kwehrsient serter Leibniz, Diderot, d'Alembert ed Comte, id affirmation os progress ed id ideal uns encyclopedic classification iom sciencen. 
==Progress, judce os Historia (XVIIIt secule)==
Id XVIIIt secule, secule iom Lumens, ne pont progress ka un historic realitat quod bastiet bihe constatet, sontern kam un norme permittend judce Historia : in id nam ios progressios est pacto quo, in id prev, est exclarat we mant in temos (Mediev, mathalan). Conform-ye tei prabhil, Condorcet (1743-1794) se strehnct ad demonstre, in sien Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain (1793), od pos ia nev zamans ja tohrn ab menscgenos, pos ia "lumens" prohpt in antique Hellad buir lusen dind retrohven, progress hat nact id point os nereiken; nuntos independent ud cada magho quod haltskwiet id, dehlct bihe bewaldht ed aurdht : solg est id grandiose tasko quod se porct im menscims ye id octent ios dectios zaman. Pro Condorcet, id progress iom gnohsas dehlct virtuteusihes i menscens; Kant (1724-1804) kehnst punor od id moral dohlg os progress nos obliget ad gnohe semper meis : alyo conception iom Lumens. Ne tik hams, sekwent Kant, id dohlg os progredde, bet hams id dohlg os nos credihes kabil os progredde, aunfin-ye, kye moral perfection : talg est id sense quod, in id Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1788), id fid in id nemerto ios atmen dact.
Hassa, historic progress kwehct preter, Kant recogneiht, habe nischto moral : in sien essai Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht (1784), ei "insociable sociabilitat", yani ei leiki iom meist aunstehmim mensc passions, est tod historic progress tribuen. Sei yed id dayi progress dehlct ses, bi Kant kam bi Condorcet, id norme quod permitt judce Historia, tehrpt ya tod conflict inter moral ed historic progress bihe resolwt : id notion "culture", kam id est elaboren in id Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790) permitt ghabe in quod sense ed ye qua conditions historic progressum est kathalika uno moral progress. 
==Historia, judce os progress (XIXt secule)==
Pro XIXt secule mentors, progresso stopt ses tod ideal reference, med quos luce Historia dehlct bihe judcen : punor ex idpet Historia, comayn, exspectent woide quod buit effective-ye id progress os menscgenos. Hegel (1770-1831) reject id kantskum conception unios moral progress ky'aunfinia; eys Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Weltgeschichte (1837) defineihnt it id task al philosoph : recognihes, in universal Historia, id necessitat ios progress om conscience ed lure. Albatta, mensci woid sont leur, bet tehrbent uces quo to maynt : tod talimat se confundt con universal Historia, est sense tos Historia, quos major zamans id bestehmt, ex oriental despotism (in quod oin, el despot, est leur, per id aunleuria wiswen, im subjects), do antique citad (quer oiks, ies civs,sont leur dank id orbat altern, im sclavs), dind do moderne Stat, quod realiset kmehwent-ye ia conditions uns recognition, ab quants, os quantenlure. 
Quant est progress in Historia. Tod these est smyohrn ab Comte (1798-1857), qui mambht ad Condorcet, in in Cours de Philosophie positive (1830-1842), scindus Historia inter id obscurantisme ios prev ed ia lumens ios present. Yed, Comtes positivism diweidt Hegels philosophia ep oin essential point : id reject ios dialectique, ed besonters id refuse os aye id "negative" ka esend per se "positive", os credihes od destruction gehnt ex se un construction os superior aurdhen. Kun id Franceois Revolution pont ka prabhil ia iser rects es cada individu, est ya un progress nisbatan ei theologic conception ios "divin rect". Bet tod progress, Comte kehnst, est tik negative : skeipt tik uno metaphysic dissolution ios divin rect. Id societat ne sagviet, aun risk os anarchia, prolonge tod situation os crise, ed dehlct swekwehre id druv positive progress, tod quod duxiet el individu ad recognihes el hat tik dohlgs dia menscgenos, chunke anghen est mensc tik per menscenloikwn.
Category:Philosophia