Communication ed media

Etymologia: In Latin, communicatio maynt "communeihsa", menxu medium = "medyo", wa "wassila, zariya". 
Definition: Communication kyeust lato sensu id transmission om informations, meis besonters ia Techniques employn kay influe id public opinion. Id neudt pro to communicationswassilas : ia media. 
==Ia revolutions iom communications in Historia==
Historia est rythmen ab id succession om plur megil revolutions iom communications, ielg marken ab id apparition om nov media. R.Debray, promotor os mediologia wa science iom medyen (Manifestes médiologiques, 1994), enderkweit tri megil prista in historia ed panct comparative tabells, deikend pro ielg id emissor, id communicationsmodus, el ubwirt subject ed id messageit : 
- Logosphere (aiwo ios khaliban oral transmission iom texten) : id Kyrk / id predication / el saint / el wanaktu subject
- Graphosphere (aiwo ios drucken scriben, ab Renaissance) : id intelligentsia / id publication / el heroy / el convinctu civ
- Videosphere (aiwo ios audiovisual, pon id Information Revolution) : ia media / id apparition / el star / el seductu consumer
In tod schema, logosphere yeist tsay ei prist pre id druckensrevolution. Communication est preter oral menxu id scriben est rar ed kun tik oik Individus, khaliban clerics, accedde id. Id reproduction iom script est ghesortyict ed imperfect. Information kwehlt lent-ye. Id invention ios druckerie skeipt it un prest major technologic rupture. Dank id proceddat instohlen ab iom Deutsch Gutenberg in Mainz medsu id XVt secule bihnt drucken buks jaldi diffus do id Europe ios Renaissance, prect ab id humaniste project om rikes ia textes, propage weida ed exchange idees. Bet druckerie transformet idschi buko ka object pangend-ye nov normes (titule, punctuation, paragraph, ikhtissar...) qua permitte id critic orbat ep ia textes edschi contribuent establie ia grammatical reuls iom vernacular bahsas. Ia industrial revolutions iom XIXt secule, ed meis besonters dwoter, aurghe ep ir roig, med ir successive series innovationen (telegramme, telephone, submarin kabels, cinema...), un nov revolution iom communications : tod om swon ed animen Kwiter. Sekwent M. McLuhan, qui hat popularisen id neologisme media (Understanding Media, 1964), id "Marconi galaxia" succeddt id "Gutenberg galaxia" ye id XXt secule. Ia major technologic mutations, ornuwt yant inter bo mund weirs (radio, television, dind informatique) hant transformen ia relations inter individus : id multiplication iom messagen ed id diversitat iom irsalzariyas hant emergihn el homo mediaticus, ka emissor, receptor ed neuder vasyen nov messagen quibs el est confrontet. 
 Herbert Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980) eet un Canadian professor, philosoph ed public intellectual. Eys wehrg est oino iom kantunspetras ios studye ios medyen theoria, ed biht empraxiset in reclame ed television industries. Studyit bi ia Universitats os Manitoba ed os Cambridge; is inkiep sien talimcarriere ka Professor os Englisch bi plur universitats in ia Uniet Stats os America ed Canada pre page bei Universitat os Toronto. 
==Communication, consumm, Globalisation==
Id inleiten do id "era iom medyen" hamraht alya majora transformations ios XXt secule, ka id consummsocietat ed globalisation, quod id tant favoriset quem weuxt ep id. Iaghi satellite television, internet ed social netwehrgs sont vectors os globalisation. Information biht fauran behandet unte id hol mund, bihn un "global village", in-yod ielg individu est potential-ye in contacto con siena milliards em "niebers", dank ia nov Technologias om information ed communication (NTICs). Communication ed Culture hant bihn consummproducts ye tienxia maschtab. Television, cinema, interneto diffunde un globaliset culture, plaut-ye dominen ab US productions. 
Id mediatic revolution hat modifiet, hatta induct, un certaino numer om nov sulouks. Television (betschi internet) antplehct sensational ed spectacular, perferend id kwitern schock ei kaur de analyse ed commente - esdi certain channels oistrehngent-se ad defende un programmation samt cultural vocation. Eti, reclame, omnipresent in vasya media, est un essential surce irs financen, quoghi pont id probleme irs independence. Fin-ye, id active attitude al leiser face id buko kwecto diweidt tod, passive, al smautrer face audiovisual. Ia ecrans (television, computer, mobilphone, digital pianji...) esient loc vasyen manipulations, influencen, hatta alienations (reclamen hayp, cultural conditionen ed uniformatisation...) : quetos id naudh uns initiation, in scol programmes, ei skweiter iom kwiters. 
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==Id era im communicants==
Inter bo mund weirs, ia totalitaira regimes hant suaghaben id interesse iom nov medyen kay irsale iro propaganda ei plautst umum. Inaugurend ia Cinecittà studios in Rome, in 1927, Benito Mussolini miegh declare od la cinematopgrafia è l'arma più forte = "cinema est id nertst arme". Politic gwit dehlct kongcio conte con ia media, kam schahiden ab id wekwos "politic marketing" : public anghens posdehrje ir image med id sprijin em spin doctors. Charles de Gaulle (med id maschour "appell ios 18 Jun") ed John Fitzgerald Kennedy buir ies presti, in ira respective lands, quoy ghieb id determinant rol iom medyen, prest os radio dind ios TV-luckern. Nundiens, I actors ios politic gwit scenarise ira trehcs pro id lasim "medyen covehr" : neti id wakya gehnt id information sontern idge programmen information gehnt tod wakya.
Tod omnipresence os communication biht yando denuncet ka un dictature. Electoral campagnes trende bihe communicationscampagnes in quom druna id kwiternweir uperwehndt id ideen debat. Trans id politic sphere, vasya major organisations posdehrje ir image per communication. Id lancen os talg novproduct ab semo gnohn brandmark we id publication ios nov album uns tienxia music star bihnt presentet ka intizart wakyas. Ep internet ed ia social netwehrgs, ielgis ghehdt bihe communicant, produce ed irsale kwiters kay titolkihes de se. Id era im medyen ed communications est todschi'm individus ed individualisme. 
 Dien 26 September 1960 mutt ep id US TV id debat inter bo candidats pro id US presidence, smautern ab meis quem 70 millions em US-Americans. Is Democrat senator John F. Kennedy (levi) est wal ed brunt, menxu eys Respublican duschman, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon (dexi), reict ex id hospital ed kwehct bfuyow ed dusxurt. J.Kennedy sehlsiet gnebh id election quayque id majoritato tim qui hieb klustert id debat med id radio hiebeer pohndt R.Nixon meis convincend.
==Un omnipresent communication in crise ?==
Id fin ios XXt secule ed id inkapem ios XXIst bihnt ops-ye presentet ka id era os communication. Tod habiet bihto central, omnipresent, hatta lahnd. Pro tod these, communication ghi kwecto act un baygh important rol in pelu phenomens quom apparition hat precto ta akhir decennia. Globalisation keiht part-ye ep ia Progressa iom transports ed communications; sems hatta propone tolke de un trit industrial revolution sult ep internet. 
Esiet kathalika uno major component os Posdaril antslehnken; Sekwent Th.Libaert, specialist iom medyen, communication skeipiet id quar pillar os posdaril antslehnken, ob id importance ios access uni transparent information de ia products au actions iom oeganisations. Zaruri kathalika est constate id importance id hat emen in id animation ios politic scene iom major occidental societats. 
Yed, est possible daume an pior communication ne hat nicen communication. Also, id communication de posdaril antslehnken kathalika kwehct ka dusagen ed contestable hina ses ne meis quem un strategia kay "glendihes" sien public image (Englisch : greenwashing) bet sammel ne knigves ep un real homologhia pro ambient. Antslehnken uperwehndt posdarilitat. Tod exempel enevidencet kam id trivialisation os communication ghehdt kenmathmounihes un dayi ed id buwes un aunmaynen concept. 
Sam-ye, in id politic sphere, id excess os communication pinwt id trustcrise quod enderminet ia europay democratias. Id augen os abstehmia kwecto deict kam i civs disvolge ud un politic spectacle quer id enscenen im rjienbwutsen tengiet uperwehnde id ideen debat ed maske id achizia iom gouvernements. Triumphant ghes, communication deuysiet hoyd. Est contraproductive pinwnd-ye un generalisen mistrust dia qui wehkwnt. Cada public tolk biht suspecen ob ses uno mahir maneuvre quod kehlt un part os vertat ed sien druv ziels. Ye tod stadium os ids antslehnken, zaruri ghi esiet reinvente communication.