Detectiven roman

Idmen werdo detective prohp in Englisch unte preter dwidel ios XIXt secule, ex id verb to detect = "detege". Roman de kyus Medievi ia romanc bahsas, besonters Awo Franceoiso, ed tod werd vighohld pro ia narns oiscript in tod bahsa. 
 Agatha Christie (1890-1976) eet un Englisch scriptrice gnohn ob sien 66 detectiven romans ed 14 kitabs om novellas, besonters ta dayir sien fictice detectives Hercule Poirot ed Miss Marple. Christie kathalika scripsit id meist-ye diutos act piece, uno maurdh mysteir, the Mousetrap, ed six liubhromans sub id nam Mary Westmacott. In 1971, ia ielgv id decos as Dame Commander ios Orden ios Britisch Empire pro sien literar contribution. 
Guinness World Records daftart Christie ka iam meist-ye suapehrnus romanurg vasyen tids. Takriban dwo milliards copien aysen romans hant est kaupt, ed ays wirathat ischbat od ays wehrgs range trit ka tienxia publietst buks, tik apter Shakespeares wehrgs ed id Bible. Sekwent id Index Translationum, ia remant tienxia tarjenst Individual autrice - esus tarjen do minst-ye 103 bahsas. And Then There Were None est Christies pohrnenst roman, med 100 millions exemplaren nundiens, id beuwend tienxia aiwo pohrntsto mysteir, ed oino iom pohrntst buks vasyen tids. 
==Structure ios detectiven roman==
Ne est tem facil definihes id typic detectiven roman bet maght bariem bihe sigwren od id narn est alnos dayir id elucidation om oin au plura crimes au disparitions ed od id biht rythmen ab id suspense tos sok. Albatt existent detectiven romans (bi Agatha Christie au Boileau-Narcejac) aun detective kay soke bet, opsst-ye, id detectiven roman involvt lakin : 
- un crime, quod el romanurg maght narre inkaptos (in tod fall, id narn deict quosmed el sokar aunkehldert sontia logique-ye) we quod bilax el maght bayane ye id fin (est id fall bi Gaboriau, quer ia flashbacks maghe ses baygh long); 
- un sokar, quel est different ud el kwitor ios popularios roman ios XIXt secule (Monte Cristo bi Dumas au Rodolphe bi Eugene Sue) ob el est maynleudher dia id situation : Gaboriaus commissars, tem quem Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot au Rouletabille, conserve un scientific ijmal uper ia crimes ies endersoke. In tod schift inter id naturaliste srigmenos al sokar ed id criminal passion wehse id ironia ios detectiven roman ed ids pronia ei moral studye. 
 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) eet un US scriptor, editor ed literaro critique, khaliban-ye gnohn ob sien Poesis ed siena novellas, besonters sien narns de mysteir ed macabre. Is est plaut-ye ayt un central rjienbwuts os Romantisme in ia Uniet Stats os America, ed oin im presten qui empraxiseer novellas in tod land, tem quem daydey ayt is inventor ios detective roman jor ed oin tim qui contribuer id emergence os science fiction. Is buit is presto suagnohn US scriptor qui pit algve sien parwarisch tik dank sien scribens, quo ei dugh un financial-ye difficil gwit ed carriere. Eys novella The Murders in the Rue Morgue, publiet in Graham's Magazine in 1841, est recogniht ka id prest moderne detectiven roman.
==Narrative leiks ed focus==
SPOILER ALERTE
Id "detectiven jor" hat seduct romanurgs ed leisers med id varietat iom narrative leiks id permiss ambh ta simple data. Ex id XIXt do id XXt secule, id detectiven narn experimentet borderfalls : The Murders in the Rue Morgue, Le Mystère de la chambre jaune, au Ten Little Niggers/And Then There Were None (Agatha Christie, 1939) leike trismee med id enigmatic kweit uns assassinat committen eni un clus loc (insule, intos andamen kamer). 
Sam-ye, id detectiven roman kamt ia focus effects : yod ia storias os Sherlock Holmes bihnt narren ud id vidpoint os Doctor Watson permitt ad Conan Doyle perbehrge ud el leiser, tiel id end, ia progressa ios sok. Yando est id summum : el narrator est el maurdher, kam in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926) ab Agatha Christie. Neghi est staunost od narntheoretics, kam Roland Barthes (Analyse structurale des récits, 1966), hant est interesset ab certain detectiven romans, kam The Sittaford Mystery (1931) ab Agatha Christie, qua "farebiet" launend-ye id vidpoint os un schahide aun sayge fauran od is est isschi maurdher. 
Detectiven romano maghiet yinjier kwehctum kam un jor quer narrative virtuositat uperwehndt stylistic qualitat... sei ne wehsient bilax romans quer psychologic ed social analyse (Simenon) autah id linguistic gwis (argot os San Antonio) laabise el leiser ud id mer sok. 
 Eugene-François Vidocq (Arras, 1775 - Paris, 1857) eet un franceois adventurer, successive-ye delinquent, zindanprisoner dind policiste ed bad privato detective. Quayque evadus id zindan, is bihsit chef ios brigade de sûreté ed est it is pater ios judicial police. Buit kathalika dehtor ios quantenprest agence privaten detectives os Historia.
==Origin ios detectiven roman==
Aundwoi-ye gnahsit id imaginarium ios detectiven roman med ia Mémoires ab E-F.Vidocq, quos skadh swehbht uper iom Vautrin ab Balzac (Le Père Goriot, 1835), iom Javert af Hugo (Les Misérables, 1862) ed uper iom sokar Lecoq, creen ab iom Franceois Gaboriau med L'Affaire Lerouge in 1863, oino iom models os Sherlock Holmes. 
Ia police aventures, ops inspiren ex fait-divers quod pinwt id feuylton-roman ios XIXt secule, hant sigwra tant oismyohrn id invention ios jor quem id cort novella, quod quant intrigo elements duce kyun surprindant fin, ed qua enscene id kerdos os trehve indices ed tod os deduction, kam instohlt ab iom US American E.A.Poe, creator ios detective Auguste Dupin. Ta romans, preter ayt minor au gwehmend ender paraliterature, gnahnt con id Industrial Revolution, ia urbana mutations ed id adgumt unios nov criminalitat quod ei est assocyen.
 Sherlock Holmes est un fictional private detective creet ab iom britisch autor Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Preter appareihvs in drucken in 1887 (in Acstudy in Scarlet), id popularitat ios person spohr plaut-ye med id presto serie om novellas in The Strand Magazine, inkapend med A Scandal in Bohemia in 1891; additional narns apparihr tuntos tiel 1927, vitotalisend quar romans ed 56 novellas. Quanta ploisko oino mutte in ia Victorian au Edwardian eras, inter circum 1880 ed 1914. Pleista sont lohct ab iom person prient ed biograph os Holmes, Dr. Watson, qui opsst hamraht Holmes unte eysa soks ed biadet ghat con iom ye id 221B Baker Street, London, quer eys pleista storias inkape. Quayque ne is prest fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes est shayad is suagnohtst, Guinness World Records iom daftarnd ka Historias enfilmenst person. Basil Rathbone (photo levi) ieg id rol os Holmes in quardem US films ex 1939 do 1946. 
==El sokar==
Is Franceois G.Leroux (1868-1927), qui enscenet sien yun reporter Rouletabille, kam is Britisch C.Doyle (1859-1930°, creator ios maschour Sherlock Holmes, inaugure id sokroman, focusen ep el person al sokar. Tel biht ops confronten uni besonters intelligent yakonien, hatta uni genie os khitert, kam ei maschour "Napoleon os crime", Professor Moriarty, quom drehdt Sherlock Holmes. Senter est, ye id gon om Justice ed loy, tant el nemesis quem el duschman au rival em extraordinar oisloys kam Arsène Lupin, iom "marik gentleman", ab iom Franceois M.Leblanc (1864-1941) au Fantômas (1911) ab iens Franceoisens P.Souvestre ed M.Allain. 
Id sokroman emt preter id forme os un sok ops-ye po material indices - Sherlock Holmes biht plukwid kipen loupeghesor -, in uno menos quod maghiet bihe kwiten ka positiviste. Ia Englisch A.Christie humaniset sien sokars (Hercule Poirot au Miss Marple) ed orientet id jor kye psychologic analyse : Hercule Poirot se levert meis libter ei analyse iom tolks quem tei iom indicen. Ia intrigos enscene opsst-ye baygat milieus, salon intrigas, individual rivalitats. Id plaisure al leiser est bohnden ei wassil con "elsem" sokar, senters manias, hatta senters rewos, ia strads el perikwehlt, senters favorite mets, kam id torsk brandade au id veau blanquette os Maigret. So person creet ab Simenon (1903-1989), samt suaswehdos humanitat, merct sien leisers, ex intrigo do intrigo, do vasya milieus ios franceois societat ios XIXt secule. Eys attention dia humil leuds iom beuwt un person kamen ab vasya publics. Ia Franceois F.Vargas dar derveiht sien leisers katha nundiens.
I rjienbwutsi em privats au policistens dind sombrerascent sammel quem ia soks volge kyid dord, kya urbs abandon ad prostitution, beghsorbatia, nasukia. I ghehde ses vurnen ed orinch - sekwent id model iom Nordic detective romans : is Wallander af H.Mankell au is Erlendur ab A.Indridason - au violent - est id hard boiled school, el ops alcoholic US privat, hanten ab un gvolic prev ed quel infranct libter ia diksreuls. Sammel surrege asocial persons, psychopathi qui sont construgen kam ta gughehrvs urbs, bihvs druv persons (au actors) iom romans. Est id fall os New York, quod H.Lieberman depinct ka id citad vasyen eaks, tohrn ab vasya horrors per id spect ios chef ios forensic Medicin in City of the Dead (1977) au quos catacombes ed myohrsen mundo tim qui ter survive iti biht exploret ab Bone (1989) os G.Chesbro - eti creator ios dwergh sokar Mongo. Est idschi fall os Los Angeles quos cruoric weiro iom gangs ed communitara drehdens sont skwit in multa detective romans. L.A. est id urb os J.Ellroy, creator ios maschour L.A. Quartet - ex quod id fameus The Black Dahlia (1987), prect ab id assassinat ias mater ios autor - ed os R.Crais con L.A. Requiem (1999) ed The Forgotten Man (2005). 
 Russell Crowe ka Bud White ed Guy Pearce ka Ed Exley in L.A. Confidential. Tod 1997 US film ab Curtis Hanson est adapten ex id samnamo 1990 roman ab James Ellroy, trit buk os eys L.A. Quartet serie. Tod film quod buit unanim-ye owayt ab critiquers descript id storia, in 1953 quan Los Angeles eet lahn ab corruption, tom dwo police detectives samt alnos different sulouks ed methodes, in-kap rivals, yed quoy se viallient con mutu kay dehe un fin ei nov drughring quod hat lambht id citad.
==Id noar roman==
Menxu id thriller - representet nundiens ab J.-C. Grangé au K.Follett - amet bilhassa suspense, cree un paur climat, hatta sphere angst ambh el victim, id de nuar roman - tod lexis prohp in France in 1994 - reisst id politic portrait os uno myehrkend societat. Id jor buit preter suwt ab D.Hammett (The Maltese Falcon, 1930) qui penetret ia milieus ios mafia, ta im corrupten politicians ed straykbrehgers. Id collusion inter dord ed elite hat biht, pon eys Red Harvest (1929), oino iom shangsus ios US detective roman. Eysi samlandans Chandler, inventor ios detective Philip Marlowe (The Big Sleep, 1939), ed Connelly, qui niscript ia soks os Hieronymus Bosch (The Black Echo, 1993), continuent in tod direction. Is Englisch Chase evoquet samt dar meis gvalt ia milieus quer sayve psychopathi qui misere duct do rapt ed maurdh (No Orchids for Miss Blandish, 1938). Id noar roman est libter focusen ep id figure al criminal, kam Hannibal Lecter, ios anthropophag neicer creet ab Th. Harris in Red Dragon (1981). Is sociolog D.Duclos in Le Complexe du loup-garou (1998) identifiet ter uno mutation iom imagen in id Occidental Culture: el serial killer, hered im heroyic rjienbwutsen ios celt mund au ios Woten iom Nordic sagas, est sekwent iom id figure uns nov criminal nekayjinim ab id redemption quod id yudi-christian tradition promiss. To uperwehrt un bfuxiongo manichaeisme, quod rumpt con ia humaniste ideals. Id sombrest version tos type os roman est American Psycho, publien in 1991 ab iom US American B.E.Ellis : is beuwt el criminal un pornograph psychopath, el inverten rjienbwuts ios golden boy. Exhibeiht id perversion om capitaliste USA qua hant lusen ir wirts. In Sveden, yant ia 1960tias, id detectiven roman hat bihn politic : M.Sjövall ed P.Wahlöö portraiteer un sieug, raciste ed xenophobe societat. S.Larsson quos Millennium serie (2006-2008) hat biht un cultwehrg, hat continuet tod orbat, deikend id antiokw ios egalitar social-democratia : un land hantet ab id gasmehrkos od ids pro-Nazi prev. Tuntos, id loc iom detectiven romans est aundwoi minter America quem ia Nordic lands.
 
Michael Nyqvist ka Mikael Blomkvist ed Noomi Rapace ka Lisbeth Salander in id 2009 svensk film Män som hatar kvinnor ab Nils Arden Osplev, basen ep id samnam 2005 detectiven roman ab Stieg Larsson, prest ios Millennium serie. Larsson scripsit ia presta tri romans pre is mohr penkgimat; id serie hat est continuet ab David Langenkrantz med dwo alya romans. Ia Milennium buks sont ia aiwo suapohrntsta svensk literar wehrgs.
==Historic ed metaphysic detectiven romans==
Quayque detectiven romans samt gvalt au intriga dar occupe un plaut part os subliterature, id jor hat gaisst noblesse. Detectiven roman udpandt nuntos id sok po leisplaisure bohndt ad paur, actionstempo au ei subtilesse iom intrigos. In France, decolonisation hat inspiren L'Affaire N'Gustro ab J.-P. Manchette (1971) quod tractet id 1965 rapt ios maroki opponent Ben Barka, au Meurtres pour mémoire ab D. Daennickx (1984) quod plaut-ye revelet ia massacres ios 17 October 1961, ament-ya denunce ta politic-historic scandals. In Italia, Romanza criminale ab G. De Cataldo (2002) recapitulet dec yars ios historia tos land ex ia plumbhen wetsa do ia 1990tias. 
Ia 2-tusents merge gwaukan-ye do id Metaphysique os khitert. Kathire sont ia muassir romans qua use id tonalitat iom detectiven romans ed sammel beziele id status os literar wehrg. Ghehdent reenage criminal affaires launt ex actualitat (L'Adversaire ab E. Carrère in 2000, Tout tout de suite, ab M. Sportès in 2011 au Claustria ab R. Jauffret in 2012). Id trit part os La Carte et le Territoire (2010) mimicriet un khak detectiven roman : M. Houellebecq portrait ter sombre-ye nies abandonen societats. Id hadh inter ia naschircollections, mathalan ia sword ed "albh" series bi Gallimard neti est tem mier. Talent wehrgs meg ops ambitione jointum id force iom megil precursors os noar; Malraux sieyg de Sanctuary (1931) ab Faulkner : C'est l'irruption de la tragédie grecque dans l'univers du roman policier.
 Is US actor Peter Falk ieg id rol os Lieutenant Frank Columbo, ios Los Angeles Police Department, ex 1968 do 2003. So person ed tod samnam TV-serial, creen ab Richard Levinson ed William Link, populariseer id format ios "invers detectiven storia", quod inkapt deikend-ye id commission ios crime ed el vinovat; yinjier hat id intrigo biadet neid "whodunit" ("quel kwohr id ?") element, sontern skaut anter ei umum quosmed tel ja gnoht vinovatis vaht bihe identifiet. Lt. Columbos mahir menos oiskeulct apter eyso chapachulia ed eys maschour dlast beige seuyjaquet.
==Cinema ed TV-serials==
Ia intrigos qua leisers brunge, id weidos quosmed id scriben al yando permitt aunstehge indices pre el sokar, yed quosmed el biht semper uddohlt ab senter fin-ye, sont baygh adaptable do films. Detectiven roman hat biht nuntos uno majoro jor iom TV-serials kam mathalan id maschour Twin Peaks (1990-1991) ab M. Frost ed D. Lynch. Preter focust ep un sokar ops inseparable ud el Comedian quel act els rol - Columbo samt P.Falk, The Shield (2002), Mentalist (2006) -, hant tadrijan evolven, preter kyid skau os un sokarswoin (CSI : Crime Scene Investigation, 2000). Dind, kam ia mult cinemadaptations om detectiven romans, se orientent kya nov, politic au metaphysic, pands (Dexter, 2006). 
Recenter serials gwehment nundiens ender collective creations, orbateihnt ver swoins em aunstopudnoven scenaristens, hatta invitent prestige autors. Also, gnoht scriptors kam D. Lehane, R. Price ed G. Pelecanos hant collaboret episodes ios US serial The Wire (2002-2008). Id multiplication imautors duct kyid collective construction uns vast affresco ios nov Capitalisme, kyuno meditation de khitert au de ia formes emen nundiens ab Tragedia au fat.