Thomas Tallis

Thomas Tallis (c. 1505 – 3 December 1585 by the Gregorian calendar then in use) was an English composer who occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music, and is considered one of England's greatest composers. He is honored for his original voice in English musicianship. No contemporary portrait of Tallis survives: that painted by Gerard Vandergucht (illustration), dates from 150 years after Tallis died, and there is no reason to suppose that it is a likeness. In a rare existing copy of his black letter signature, the composer spelled his last name "Tallys."
== Tossup Questions ==
# This composer memorably used false relation in the final cadence of the piece "O Nata lux." One of this composer's works culminates with forty people singing "respice humilitatem nostram." This composer of two sets of Lamentations set eight psalms and the Veni Creator in one his collections, in which he used the Phrygian mode for the piece "Why Fum'th in Fight." This man and his student William Byrd were given a 21-year monopoly on the production of polyphonic music. He wrote a motet for eight different choirs for Queen Elizabeth I's fortieth birthday. For 10 points, name this Renaissance English composer of Spem in alium, who wrote a theme on which Ralph Vaughan Williams composed a fantasia.
# This composer's organ interludes include two Felix namques. He wrote a remarkably long antiphon adhering to the Phrygian mode, unusually for the time period; that work was later made into a 5-part mass of the same name, Salve intemerata. In one of his motets, the two sopranos sing the same line half a bar apart, while four of the other five voices sing the same melody, two inverted, at different tempos. That work, Miserere nostri, was the last of a set of 34 motets created with a younger colleague, the Cantiones sacrae, and that colleague wrote Ye Sacred Muses to commemorate this man's death. He set two Lamentations of Jeremiah to a 5-part male chorus, and composed a 40-person motet, Spem in alium. For 10 points, name this early British composer, one of whose themes was used for a fantasia by Ralph Vaughan Williams.
# In one work by this composer, the duration of each note in the cantus firmus is determined by the vowel on which it is sung. That piece is the Mass Puer natus est nobis, and another sacred work is the antiphon Gaude gloriosa Dei mater. Partsongs by this composer include Like as the Doleful Dove and O Ye Tender Babes. He set the first two lessons for Maundy Thursday in his two sets of Lamentations of Jeremiah, and the consort song Ye Sacred Muses is an elegy for him written by his countryman William Byrd. Another work, sometimes sung with the alternate English text "Sing and glorify," is his forty-part motet Spem in alium. FTP, identify this 16th-century English composer who provided the theme for a Fantasia by Ralph Vaughan Williams.