Margaret Clitherow

Margaret Clitherow (1556 – March 25, 1586) is an English saint and martyr of the Roman Catholic Church. She is sometimes called "the Pearl of York".
==Life==
She was born as Margaret Middleton,St. Wilfrid's Catholic Church - York the daughter of a wax-chandler, after Henry VIII of England had split the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. She married John Clitherow, a butcher, in 1571 (at the age of 15) and bore him three children. She converted to Roman Catholicism at the age of 18, in 1574. Her husband John was supportive (he having a brother who was Catholic clergy), though he remained Protestant.The Little Black Book: Six-minute reflections on the Weekly Gospels of Lent 2009, page about "The Pearl of York", published by the Diocese of Saginaw She then became a friend of the persecuted Roman Catholic population in the north of England. Her son, Henry, went to Reims to train as a Catholic priest. She regularly held Masses in her home in the Shambles in York. There was a hole cut between the attics of her house and the house next door, so that a priest could escape if there was a raid. A house in the Shambles once thought to have been her home, now called the Shrine of the Saint Margaret Clitherow, is open to the public (it is served by the nearby Church of St Wilfrid's and is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough); her actual house (10 and 11, the Shambles) is further down the street.
In 1586, she was arrested and called before the York assizes for the crime of harbouring Roman Catholic priests. She refused to plead to the case so as to prevent a trial that would entail her children being made to testify and therefore they would be tortured, and she was executed by being crushed to death – the standard punishment for refusal to plead. She was killed on Good Friday of 1586. The two sergeants who should have killed her hired four desperate beggars to kill her. She was stripped and had a handkerchief tied across her face then laid out upon a sharp rock the size of a man's fist, a door was put on top of her and slowly loaded with an immense weight of rocks and stones (the small sharp rock would break her back when the heavy rocks were laid on top of her). Her death occurred within fifteen minutes.
As of 2008, a commemorative plaque was installed at the Micklegate end of Ouse Bridge to mark the site of her martyrdom; the Bishop of Middlesbrough unveiled this in a ceremony on Friday 29 August 2008.
== Canonisation ==
She was beatified in 1929 by Pope Pius XI and canonised in 1970 by Pope Paul VI along with other martyrs from England and Wales. The group of candidates canonised at that time is commonly called "The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales". Her feast day in the current Roman Catholic calendar is 26 March.
A number of schools in England are named after Margaret Clitherow, including schools at Bracknell, Brixham, Manchester, Nottingham, Stevenage, Thamesmead SE28, Brent, London NW10 and Tonbridge. The Roman Catholic primary school in Nottingham's Bestwood estate is named after Clitherow. In the United States, St Margaret of York Church and School, located in the Cincinnati, Ohio suburb of Loveland, is also named after her.
She is also the patroness of the Catholic Women's League, an organisation of Catholic women founded in 1906, with small groups (known as branches) and sections (groupings of branches, usually along diocesan lines) across the world.
==References==
==External links==
*The Official Shambles Website More information about Margaret Clitherow from the Official Website of the Medieval Street where she lived.
*Sacred Destinations A page on the shrine, with photographs
*Eternal Word Television Network: ST. MARGARET: MOTHER AND MARTYR
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Category:English saints
Category:Female saints
Category:English Roman Catholic saints
Category:Converts to Catholicism from Anglicanism
Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism
Category:Yorkshire saints
Category:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
Category:People from York
Category:Women of the Tudor period
Category:1556 births
Category:1586 deaths
Category:Executed English women
Category:16th-century Christian saints
Category:16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
es:Margaret Clitherow
sw:Margaret Clitherow
pl:Małgorzata Clitherow
ru:Клитроу, Маргарет