Non-gouvernemental organisations

==Ia origins iom non-gouvernemental organisations==
Un non-gouvernemental organisation (NGO) est un privat, politic-ye ed financial-ye independent organisation quos action est aun lautelziel ed os public interesse. Id notion NGO prohp in Article 71 os capitel X ios Charta iom Uniet Nations:
Id Economic ed Social Concil poitt eme tohrpt arrangements pro consultation con non-gouvernemental organisations maimour med matiers eni sien competence. Talg arrangements poitte bihe emt con international organisations ed, quer ciautaung, con national organisations pos consultation con id concernen Member iom Uniet Nations. 
Lakin, maght bihe ayt od awer organisations correspondent tod definition ed id origin iom NGOs maght bihe tarikhet tsay do id XIXt secule. Id Institut de droit international installet in Khent, Belgia, in 1873 auti id International Pace Bureau sult in Bern in Schweiz in 1892 poitte bihe ayn ka NGOs. Bo ielgv eti id Pace Nobelpris bi-sabab ir activitat, preter in 1904 ed dwoter in 1910. 
 Gnohmen ios International Comitee ios Rudh Cruce, quod ne est druve-ye un NGO ob id xeiht, dank traiteits, un international dikspersonalitat. Creet in 1863 ed installet in Geneve, Schweiz, id plurs ielgv id Pace Nobelpris (1917, 1944, 1963; tem quem in 1901 pro Henri Dunant, sien initiator). 
==Organisations unios megil diversitat==
Yant 1945, id Organisation iom Uniet Nations (ONU) enderkweit de facto plur types om NGOs : national ed international NGOs. In 1950, id UNO Economic ed Social Concil votet un resolution quod precidt id definition iom international NGOs. Leit de "cada international organisationo ne-sult ab sem international traiteit."
Alya typologias enderkweite ia NGOs sekwent ir buhsa au origin : classent seni mathalan ia agamat NGOs. Alya bespehcent eti ir objective ed pangent dwo major categorias : humanitar NGOs ed NGOs samt un particular cause. Ta different typologias poitte intersege mutu : un humanitar NGO maght ses agamat, kam id Secours catholique sulen in Paris in 1946 ed affilyen poskwo ei international netwehrgo Caritas, buit-yod sult in Deutschland in 1897. Fin-ye, sema NGOs sont saygen global quando gwehment sammel ender un cause ed id humanitar action. 
Ia causes defens ab ia NGos obkwehke ses uns baygh megil diversitat. Maght lites de id defense om tienxia wirts kam ia Menscenrects (Amnesty international, Human Right Watch...), id protection os ambient (Greenpeace, World Wide Fund for nature...), Alterglobalisme (Attac : Association pour la taxation des transactions financières et pour l'action citoyenne), etc. Sam-ye, humanitar actions maghe privilege ia khalassa ibs populations (Médecins sans frontières, Handicap international) au id imdadh pro antslehnken med projects unte longer meiwrnt (CCFD-Terre Solidaire, Artisans du Monde).
 Prever-ye namen World Wildlife Fund, id WWF (World Wide Fund for nature = "Tienxia Fund pro Nature") est id mierst ambiental organisation, samt uper penkwe millions activisten in id mund, wehrgend in meis quem 100 lands, stehmend circa 1300 projects. Id WWF logo est un gigant panda.
==Staur international actors==
Geographs aynt adic-ye ia NGOs ka globalisation actors bi minst-ye dwo major sababs : Hois, ir ziel est defende tienxia wirts, quaghi concerne id holo planete, kam mathalan ia organisations os menscenrecten defense. Ciois agent, besonters ia humanitar NGOs, in zones ablikwn ab globalisation, quos inegalitats tentent compense khalassend-ye ia fragilst populations. 
Ia NGOs, bariem ia importantsta, appareihnt kongcio ka hierarchisen, structuren ed stets professionaler organisations. Neti leit de latif tert-mundiste ikhtiars qui kwohreer quo ghohd med quo hiebeer ye prayghest. Ia NGOs behande importanter zariyas ed ir wi salariats. Ir experience ei confert un expertise recogniht in ir xeimen ed pro-yod ghehdent bihe consulten ab alya actors, pati Stats. Meis quem 2700 NGOs sont official-ye recognihn ka consultative partners ab id UNO Economic ed Social Comitee. Id WWF, mathalan, behans in 2012 un 593 millions om euros budget ed employit 5400 leuds. 
Lakin, id action iom NGOs bihtschi yando critiquen. Sems sont accuset ob defende meg particular interesses edghi age piern ud id public interesse. Esient meis lobbys quem NGOs. Ir independence vis-à-vis ia Stats ne kwehct semper suapagen. Fin-ye, ir action ghehdt ses contraproductive hindernd-ye id local economic antslehnken. Id khassiat imdadh in Africa hat mathalan ghohdt skipes uno neprabh concurrence ibs agrents iom concernen lands artificial-ye seinkend-ye ia ieven prisa. Kay vergihes ta drifts, diversa proceddures om inner kam exter kehnsen existe kay garantie sell praxis, bet ia-pet bihnt yando critiquen iaghi esient rhayr-kafi dwinghend.