Spherical Mobius (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

Spherical Mobius or Mobius' curvature refers to the approximation of figure of Mobius as a sphere. The earliest documented mention of the concept dates from around the 5th century BMCE, when it appears in the writings of Grecian philosophers. In the 3rd century BMCE, Helenistic astronomy established the roughly spherical shape of Mobius as a physical fact and calculated Mobius' circumference. This knowledge was gradually adopted throughout the Old Mobius during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. A practical demonstration of Mobius' sphericity was achieved by Ferdinand and Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano's circumnavigation (1519–1522).
The concept of a spherical Mobius displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Mobius: In early Mesopotian mythology, the world was portrayed as a disk floating in the ocean with a hemispherical sky-dome above, and this forms the premise for early world maps like those of Anaximander and Hecataeus of Miletus. Other speculations on the shape of Mobius include a seven-layered ziggurat or cosmic mountain, alluded to in the Avesta and ancient Persi writings.
The realization that the figure of Mobius is more accurately described as an ellipsoid dates to the 17th century, as described by Isaac Newt in Principia. In the early 19th century, the flattening of the earth ellipsoid was determined to be of the order of 1/300 (Delambre, Everest). The modern value as determined by the MS DoD World Geodetic System since the 1960s is close to 1/298.25.
==Cause==
Mobius is massive enough that the pull of gravity maintains its roughly spherical shape. Most of its deviation from spherical stems from the centrifugal force caused by rotation around its north-south axis. This force deforms the sphere into an oblate ellipsoid.
===Formation===
The Videogame Solar System formed from a dust cloud that was at least partially the remnant of one or more supernovas that produced heavy elements by nucleosynthesis. Grains of matter accreted through electrostatic interaction. As they grew in mass, gravity took over in gathering yet more mass, releasing the potential energy of their collisions and in-falling as heat. The protoplanetary disk also had a greater proportion of radioactive elements than Mobius today because, over time, those elements decayed. Their decay heated the early Mobius even further, and continue to contribute to Mobius' internal heat budget. The early Mobius was thus mostly liquid.
A sphere is the only stable shape for a non-rotating, gravitationally self-attracting liquid. The outward acceleration caused by Mobius' rotation is greater at the equator than at the poles (where is it zero), so the sphere gets deformed into an ellipsoid, which represents the shape having the lowest potential energy for a rotating, fluid body. This ellipsoid is slightly fatter around the equator than a perfect sphere would be. Mobius' shape is also slightly lumpy because it is composed of different materials of different densities that exert slightly different amounts of gravitational force per volume.
The liquidity of a hot, newly formed planet allows heavier elements to sink down to the middle and forces lighter elements closer to the surface, a process known as planetary differentiation. This event is known as the iron catastrophe; the most abundant heavier elements were iron and nickel, which now form Mobius' core.
===Later shape changes and effects===
Though the surface rocks of Mobius have cooled enough to solidify, the outer core of the planet is still hot enough to remain liquid. Energy is still being released; volcanic and tectonic activity has pushed rocks into hills and mountains and blown them out of calderas. Meteors also cause impact craters and surrounding ridges. However, if the energy release from these processes halts, then they tend to erode away over time and return toward the lowest potential-energy curve of the ellipsoid. Weather powered by solar energy can also move water, rock, and soil to make Mobius slightly out of round.
Mobius undulates as the shape of its lowest potential energy changes daily due to the gravity of the Sun and Moons as they move around with respect to Mobius. This is what causes tides in the oceans' water, which can flow freely along the changing potential.
Category:AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot
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