Brinkley Book by Chapters

你们手上的 Brinkley Book 缩减版，只有十三个Chapter. 头四个只是自学，会测，会考的“头四章”。 后13个是：会PPT讲，会测，会考的“主要章”。 
请翻开课本第 v 页
它们分别是：头四章： 1， 5， 6， 8
主要章： 10， 11， 19， 21， 25， 27，29, 31, 32
Note: The following are ALL the chapters in The Brinkley Book. However, only 13 chapters (4 initial chapters and 9 main chapters) are chosen.
Following are ALL chapters:
* Unit 1
** Chapter 1: The Collision of Cultures
** Chapter 2: Transplantation and Borderlands
** Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America
** Chapter 4: The Empire in Transition
* Unit 2
** Chapter 5: The American Revolution
** Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic
** Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era
** Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism
* Unit 3
** Chapter 9: Jacksonian America
** Chapter 10: America's Economic Revolution
** Chapter 11: Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South
** Chapter 12: Antebellum Culture and Reform
* Unit 4
** Chapter 13: The Impending Crisis
** Chapter 14: The Civil War
** Chapter 15: Reconstruction and the New South
** Chapter 16: The Conquest of the Far West
* Unit 5
** Chapter 17: Industrial Supremacy
** Chapter 18: The Age of the City
** Chapter 19: From Crisis to Empire
** Chapter 20: The Progressives
* Unit 6
** Chapter 21: America and the Great War
** Chapter 22: The "New Era"
** Chapter 23: The Great Depression
** Chapter 24: The New Deal
* Unit 7
** Chapter 25: The Global Crisis, 1921-1945
** Chapter 26: America in a World at War
** Chapter 27: The Cold War
** Chapter 28: The Affluent Society
* Unit 8
** Chapter 29: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
** Chapter 30: The Crisis of Authority
** Chapter 31: From the "Age of Limits" to the Age of Reagan
** Chapter 32: The Age of Globalization
Links:
:http://www.murrayschools.org/schools2/mhs/apus/units/default.htm
:American History: Connecting with the Past, 15th AP edition
:http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0012122005/sitemap.html
:Textbook Resources for Brinkley (best)
:http://novellaqalive.mhhe.com/sites/0012122005/sitemap.html
:Primary Source Investigator (PSI) Online
:AP* Achiever Test Prep
:http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073406988/information_center_view0/table_of_contents.html
:Table of Contents
:http://novellaqalive.mhhe.com/sites/0012122005/student_view0/chapter1/primary_sources.html
:Chapter 1: THE COLLISION OF CULTURES
:http://novellaqalive.mhhe.com/sites/0012122005/instructor_view0/table_of_contents.html
:Table of Contents
:http://cn.bing.com/search?q=the+collision+of+cultures+transplantation+and+borderlands+the+age+of+globalization&FORM=HDRSC1
:the collision of cultures transplantation and borderlands the age of globalization
%%%%%%%%
==Chapter 1: THE COLLISION OF CULTURES==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The Indian empire that dominated modern Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest was the	
The Indian empire that dominated modern Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest was the
 	 		A)	Mayan.
 	 		B)	Inca.
 	 		C)	Aztec.
 	 		D)	Chaco.
 	 		E)	Olmec.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
At the time of the Spanish conquest, the economies of most of the Native Americans in South and Central America and Mexico were based on	
At the time of the Spanish conquest, the economies of most of the Native Americans in South and Central America and Mexico were based on
 	 		A)	hunting and gathering.
 	 		B)	herding.
 	 		C)	fishing and gathering.
 	 		D)	agriculture.
 	 		E)	trade.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The eastern third of what is now the United States was inhabited by the	
The eastern third of what is now the United States was inhabited by the
 	 		A)	woodland Indians.
 	 		B)	plains Indians.
 	 		C)	mountain Indians.
 	 		D)	coastal tribes.
 	 		E)	pineland tribes.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Indian religions	
Indian religions
 	 		A)	emphasized monotheism.
 	 		B)	utilized totem poles in their ceremonies.
 	 		C)	were tied closely to the natural world.
 	 		D)	were not very important to their culture.
 	 		E)	were centered on human sacrifice.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
Indian societies in North America	
Indian societies in North America
 	 		A)	reserved the highest religious position for women.
 	 		B)	tended to divide tasks according to gender.
 	 		C)	put women in important political positions.
 	 		D)	did not allow women to exercise any control over social or economic matters.
 	 		E)	made little distinction between gender roles.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Europe during the Middle Ages	
Europe during the Middle Ages
 	 		A)	was dominated by the Protestant Church.
 	 		B)	was dominated by the Vikings.
 	 		C)	built economies based on commercial agriculture.
 	 		D)	was dominated by merchants looking for new markets beyond the boundaries of their own nations.
 	 		E)	was too divided and decentralized to inspire great ventures.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Paralleling the rise of commerce in Europe, and in part responsible for it, was	
Paralleling the rise of commerce in Europe, and in part responsible for it, was
 	 		A)	the return of the Black Death.
 	 		B)	the invention of the compass.
 	 		C)	the revival of the African slave trade.
 	 		D)	the rise of united and powerful nation-states.
 	 		E)	the discovery of a direct route to the Indies by sailing west.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The first nation to fund exploratory journeys beyond the boundaries of Europe was	
The first nation to fund exploratory journeys beyond the boundaries of Europe was
 	 		A)	Portugal.
 	 		B)	Germany.
 	 		C)	England.
 	 		D)	France.
 	 		E)	Venice.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
At least partly as a result of Columbus's voyages, Spain	
At least partly as a result of Columbus's voyages, Spain
 	 		A)	got involved in the Indian slave trade.
 	 		B)	soon went to war with France.
 	 		C)	replaced Portugal as the foremost seafaring nation.
 	 		D)	opened trade with the great khan in China.
 	 		E)	sent Balboa to conquer Peru.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Through a combination of daring, brutality, and greed, the conquistadors	
Through a combination of daring, brutality, and greed, the conquistadors
 	 		A)	made possible the creation of a Spanish empire in America.
 	 		B)	brought capitalism to Mexico.
 	 		C)	founded St. Augustine.
 	 		D)	introduced African slavery into America.
 	 		E)	looted the seven cities of Cibola.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
With the Indians' conversion to Catholicism,	
With the Indians' conversion to Catholicism,
 	 		A)	native religions died out.
 	 		B)	Spain lost control of St. Augustine.
 	 		C)	rebellions against whites ceased.
 	 		D)	Spain was able to control all southwestern tribes.
 	 		E)	most natives continued to practice their own religious rituals.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680	
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
 	 		A)	resulted in the permanent expulsion of Spain from New Mexico.
 	 		B)	allowed the Pueblos to regain temporary political control of their communities.
 	 		C)	resulted in the annihilation of the Pueblo people.
 	 		D)	resulted from the unjust takings of Pueblo land by the Spanish.
 	 		E)	led the Pope to excommunicate the conquistadors.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The first and perhaps most profound result of the meeting of native and European cultures was the	
The first and perhaps most profound result of the meeting of native and European cultures was the
 	 		A)	exchange of plants and animals.
 	 		B)	European adoption of native customs.
 	 		C)	native adoption of European ways of waging war.
 	 		D)	intermarriage of Europeans and natives.
 	 		E)	importation of European diseases.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Ultimately more important to Europe than the gold and silver found in the New World was the	
Ultimately more important to Europe than the gold and silver found in the New World was the
 	 		A)	importation of new crops that could feed larger numbers of people.
 	 		B)	discovery of new forms of religious worship.
 	 		C)	Indian labor force.
 	 		D)	architectural knowledge gained from the Aztecs.
 	 		E)	the domination of the mestizos.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
In matrilineal Indian and African societies,	
In matrilineal Indian and African societies,
 	 		A)	the father is the sole authority in the family.
 	 		B)	local gods are the basis of religious beliefs.
 	 		C)	women play a major, often dominant, role.
 	 		D)	slavery does not exist.
 	 		E)	men and women share child-rearing responsibility.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
The African slave trade began	
The African slave trade began
 	 		A)	in the fifteenth century, soon after the Spanish conquest.
 	 		B)	as early as the eighth century A.D.
 	 		C)	with the English settlement of Virginia.
 	 		D)	when the sugar industry moved to the Caribbean.
 	 		E)	with the decline of Indian population in the Caribbean.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
In the sixteenth century, the market for slaves grew dramatically as a result of	
In the sixteenth century, the market for slaves grew dramatically as a result of
 	 		A)	the rising European demand for sugar cane.
 	 		B)	the need for labor in the tobacco fields.
 	 		C)	a desire to Christianize Africans.
 	 		D)	the English entry into the slave market.
 	 		E)	the need for labor in the rice plantations of South Carolina.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
Which of the following was NOT an English incentive for colonization?	
Which of the following was NOT an English incentive for colonization?
 	 		A)	to escape religious strife at home
 	 		B)	to bring the Christian religion to the Indians
 	 		C)	to escape the economic transformation of the countryside
 	 		D)	to find new markets for English products
 	 		E)	to defeat the Spanish Armada
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The members of the Church of England who claimed that the church had not given up Rome's offensive beliefs and practices were the	
The members of the Church of England who claimed that the church had not given up Rome's offensive beliefs and practices were the
 	 		A)	Baptists.
 	 		B)	Presbyterians.
 	 		C)	Methodists.
 	 		D)	Puritans.
 	 		E)	Episcopalians.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
As a result of their experiences in Ireland, the English believed that	
As a result of their experiences in Ireland, the English believed that
 	 		A)	all they needed to do was subdue the natives and rule them.
 	 		B)	they must retain a rigid separation from the native population.
 	 		C)	they could not build a complete society of their own.
 	 		D)	they should intermarry with Native Americans.
 	 		E)	Catholicism should be exported to America.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
The country that produced the most successful fur traders and trappers was	
The country that produced the most successful fur traders and trappers was
 	 		A)	Spain.
 	 		B)	Holland.
 	 		C)	France.
 	 		D)	Germany.
 	 		E)	Andorra.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
The first permanent English settlement was	
The first permanent English settlement was
 	 		A)	Massachusetts Bay.
 	 		B)	Jamestown, Virginia.
 	 		C)	Plymouth, Massachusetts.
 	 		D)	St. Augustine, Florida.
 	 		E)	Roanoke plantation, North Carolina.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
The man to whom Queen Elizabeth granted the land on which the "lost colony" was planted was	
The man to whom Queen Elizabeth granted the land on which the "lost colony" was planted was
 	 		A)	John White.
 	 		B)	Sir Francis Drake.
 	 		C)	Humphrey Gilbert.
 	 		D)	James Cobb.
 	 		E)	Walter Raleigh.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
In 1606, James I gave the exclusive right to colonize along the southeast coast to a group of London merchants.	
In 1606, James I gave the exclusive right to colonize along the southeast coast to a group of London merchants.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The large Indian trading center in the Mississippi River Valley near present-day St. Louis was Cahokia.	
The large Indian trading center in the Mississippi River Valley near present-day St. Louis was Cahokia.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The Iroquois Confederation consisted of tribes in the southernmost region of the eastern seaboard.	
The Iroquois Confederation consisted of tribes in the southernmost region of the eastern seaboard.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Cortés might not have been able to defeat the Aztecs had it not been for an epidemic of smallpox that decimated the native population.	
Cortés might not have been able to defeat the Aztecs had it not been for an epidemic of smallpox that decimated the native population.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The oldest permanent European settlement in the present-day United States is St. Augustine.	
The oldest permanent European settlement in the present-day United States is St. Augustine.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
New Mexico became one of the most important provinces in Spanish America.	
New Mexico became one of the most important provinces in Spanish America.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The riches of America ultimately hurt Spain because they caused that country to ignore attempts to promote agricultural and domestic growth in the colonies.	
The riches of America ultimately hurt Spain because they caused that country to ignore attempts to promote agricultural and domestic growth in the colonies.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The most important Native American crop brought back by the Europeans was squash.	
The most important Native American crop brought back by the Europeans was squash.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Europeans felt justified in their treatment of the Indians because they considered the Indians uncivilized savages.	
Europeans felt justified in their treatment of the Indians because they considered the Indians uncivilized savages.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Spaniards seldom intermarried with the Native Americans.	
Spaniards seldom intermarried with the Native Americans.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Today it is generally believed that there were fewer Native Americans when the Europeans arrived than there were a century later.	
Today it is generally believed that there were fewer Native Americans when the Europeans arrived than there were a century later.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Mercantilism was a theory that discouraged nations from having colonies.	
Mercantilism was a theory that discouraged nations from having colonies.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Joint-stock companies were the means by which investors could share the risks and the profits of colonizing ventures.	
Joint-stock companies were the means by which investors could share the risks and the profits of colonizing ventures.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The doctrine that God "elected" some people to be saved and condemned others to damnation was preached by Martin Luther.	
The doctrine that God "elected" some people to be saved and condemned others to damnation was preached by Martin Luther.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
The English Reformation began with a political dispute between king and pope not with a religious dispute over matters of theology.	
The English Reformation began with a political dispute between king and pope not with a religious dispute over matters of theology.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
England's first experience with colonization was in Virginia.	
England's first experience with colonization was in Virginia.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The first Europeans to settle in the Hudson River Valley were the Dutch.	
The first Europeans to settle in the Hudson River Valley were the Dutch.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Describe the Indian societies and their geographic distribution before the coming of the European explorers. What did these cultures contribute to the Europeans, and why, despite these contributions, did the invaders still think of the American Indians as savages?	
Describe the Indian societies and their geographic distribution before the coming of the European explorers. What did these cultures contribute to the Europeans, and why, despite these contributions, did the invaders still think of the American Indians as savages?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Compare and contrast the Spanish and the English motives for colonization. How were both sets of motives reflected in the organization of the colonies that each nation established?	
Compare and contrast the Spanish and the English motives for colonization. How were both sets of motives reflected in the organization of the colonies that each nation established?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
How did earlier exploration and colonization experiences influence the way England, Spain, and other European nations attempted to colonize America?	
How did earlier exploration and colonization experiences influence the way England, Spain, and other European nations attempted to colonize America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
Explain the relationship between Spanish colonists and the Indians. Why did the Indians come out the losers?	
Explain the relationship between Spanish colonists and the Indians. Why did the Indians come out the losers?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
Describe the social and cultural backgrounds of the Africans brought to America. How were these backgrounds different from those of the Indians? Europeans? How were the backgrounds of these people alike?	
Describe the social and cultural backgrounds of the Africans brought to America. How were these backgrounds different from those of the Indians? Europeans? How were the backgrounds of these people alike?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
Identify and describe the elaborate native civilizations that developed in South and Central America and Mexico.	
Identify and describe the elaborate native civilizations that developed in South and Central America and Mexico.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
Describe the way of life of the North American Indians—where they lived and how they supported themselves.	
Describe the way of life of the North American Indians—where they lived and how they supported themselves.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
Describe the changes taking place among North American Indians during the century before Europeans arrived.	
Describe the changes taking place among North American Indians during the century before Europeans arrived.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
How were efforts to determine the pre-Columbian population of America tied to the larger debate over the consequences of European settlement of the Western Hemisphere?	
How were efforts to determine the pre-Columbian population of America tied to the larger debate over the consequences of European settlement of the Western Hemisphere?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What changes stimulated Europeans to look toward new lands?	
What changes stimulated Europeans to look toward new lands?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What did Columbus hope to achieve through his voyages, and what did he actually accomplish?	
What did Columbus hope to achieve through his voyages, and what did he actually accomplish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
Why did the conquistadors seek to eliminate the underpinnings of existing American civilizations? How was this destruction accomplished?	
Why did the conquistadors seek to eliminate the underpinnings of existing American civilizations? How was this destruction accomplished?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
Explain the relationship between the Spanish and the Pueblo Indians. How did this relationship shape the development of New Mexico?	
Explain the relationship between the Spanish and the Pueblo Indians. How did this relationship shape the development of New Mexico?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Describe the demographic differences between the Spanish Empire in America and the empires to the north. What impact did European diseases have on colonization efforts?	
Describe the demographic differences between the Spanish Empire in America and the empires to the north. What impact did European diseases have on colonization efforts?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What did Europeans gain from the Indians that proved more important than gold?	
What did Europeans gain from the Indians that proved more important than gold?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
What did the intermarriage of Spanish and North Americans reveal about the Spanish colonial system and suggest about the Europeans who administered it?	
What did the intermarriage of Spanish and North Americans reveal about the Spanish colonial system and suggest about the Europeans who administered it?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What role did the Catholic Church play in Spanish colonization efforts?	
What role did the Catholic Church play in Spanish colonization efforts?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
Describe the cultures from which African slaves were taken and brought to America.	
Describe the cultures from which African slaves were taken and brought to America.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
How did the African slave trade originate, and how did it evolve?	
How did the African slave trade originate, and how did it evolve?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What commercial factors contributed to England's decision to seek colonies in the New World?	
What commercial factors contributed to England's decision to seek colonies in the New World?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How did the English Reformation differ from that of Luther and Calvin? Why did it fail to satisfy the religious desires of many English people?	
How did the English Reformation differ from that of Luther and Calvin? Why did it fail to satisfy the religious desires of many English people?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What did the Puritans wish to accomplish, and why did they clash with James I?	
What did the Puritans wish to accomplish, and why did they clash with James I?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
How did the English colonization of Ireland influence the way in which the English colonized America?	
How did the English colonization of Ireland influence the way in which the English colonized America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Where did the French and Dutch establish colonies in North America, and how did their efforts differ from those of the Spanish and the English?	
Where did the French and Dutch establish colonies in North America, and how did their efforts differ from those of the Spanish and the English?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What inspired the English to get into the race for the colonies?	
What inspired the English to get into the race for the colonies?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
Describe the colonization efforts of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh.	
Describe the colonization efforts of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
How did James I settle the rivalry between London and Plymouth merchants over the exploration of North America?	
How did James I settle the rivalry between London and Plymouth merchants over the exploration of North America?
==Chapter 5: The American Revolution==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
After Lexington and Concord,	
After Lexington and Concord,
 	 		A)	independence immediately became an American war aim.
 	 		B)	Congress rejected the "Olive Branch Petition" that was an effort at reconciliation with Britain.
 	 		C)	the minutemen advanced on Montreal and Quebec.
 	 		D)	people immediately viewed independence as a war aim, but it took Congress over a year to concur.
 	 		E)	it took almost a year for independence to become a primary war aim.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Thomas Paine's Common Sense is an important work because it	
Thomas Paine's Common Sense is an important work because it
 	 		A)	helped Americans reconcile their differences with England.
 	 		B)	persuaded Americans that no reconciliation with Britain was possible.
 	 		C)	supported the concept of the English constitution.
 	 		D)	argued that Parliament, not the King, was the enemy.
 	 		E)	argued that William Pitt could be reasonably dealt with.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Historians have long debated whether the colonial motivations for the American Revolution were	
Historians have long debated whether the colonial motivations for the American Revolution were
 	 		A)	economic or ideological.
 	 		B)	economic or religious.
 	 		C)	religious or military.
 	 		D)	based on disputes between slaveowners and non-slaveowners.
 	 		E)	a power struggle between Patriots and Loyalists.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to	
The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to
 	 		A)	give men an opportunity to exert power.
 	 		B)	reward loyal servants of the state.
 	 		C)	promote democracy.
 	 		D)	control every aspect of human thought and action.
 	 		E)	protect a person's life, freedom, and right to pursue happiness.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
After the initial surge of patriotism, American troops	
After the initial surge of patriotism, American troops
 	 		A)	came primarily from volunteers.
 	 		B)	immediately came under the control of the federal government.
 	 		C)	came from both conscription and payment of bounties.
 	 		D)	were primarily paid substitutes.
 	 		E)	increasingly were composed of friendly Indians and freed slaves.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Most of America's war materials came from	
Most of America's war materials came from
 	 		A)	American manufacturers.
 	 		B)	the seizure of British forts and the surrender of British armies.
 	 		C)	the capture of supply ships by American privateers.
 	 		D)	foreign aid.
 	 		E)	the Springfield armory.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT	
Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT
 	 		A)	the greatest navy and the best-equipped army in the world.
 	 		B)	superior industrial resources.
 	 		C)	greater commitment to the conflict.
 	 		D)	a coherent structure of command.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
Congress financed the revolution by	
Congress financed the revolution by
 	 		A)	selling bonds.
 	 		B)	minting gold and silver coins.
 	 		C)	borrowing from other nations.
 	 		D)	taxing the wealthy.
 	 		E)	printing paper money.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The choice of George Washington as commander in chief was a good one because of his	
The choice of George Washington as commander in chief was a good one because of his
 	 		A)	knowledge of military affairs.
 	 		B)	Masonic connections with European grand lodges.
 	 		C)	successful military experience in the Great War for the Empire.
 	 		D)	relaxed, informal way with his men.
 	 		E)	image among the people, who trusted and respected him.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
After a year of war, the British realized	
After a year of war, the British realized
 	 		A)	they had a better chance of success in the South where Tory support was stronger.
 	 		B)	the war had become more than just a local phenomenon around Boston.
 	 		C)	the American invasion of Canada had taken away a substantial amount of British territory.
 	 		D)	that they could win the war by taking Boston.
 	 		E)	they could win with a naval blockade.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
By the end of 1776, the American army under Washington had	
By the end of 1776, the American army under Washington had
 	 		A)	won no victories, major or minor.
 	 		B)	become badly divided and scattered.
 	 		C)	retreated into western Pennsylvania.
 	 		D)	won two minor victories and remained intact.
 	 		E)	taken up winter quarters at Valley Forge.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
John Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga	
John Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga
 	 		A)	convinced the French that they should help the Americans.
 	 		B)	caused the British to consider giving up the fight.
 	 		C)	made George Washington a military hero.
 	 		D)	had little effect on the war in the long run.
 	 		E)	led the British to concede New England to the Americans.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
After 1777, the British decided to focus their efforts in the South because	
After 1777, the British decided to focus their efforts in the South because
 	 		A)	there was less population there.
 	 		B)	they believed there were more Loyalists there.
 	 		C)	they thought slaves would help them.
 	 		D)	they had more Indian allies there.
 	 		E)	they believed the terrain to be more favorable to conventional tactics.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The treason of Benedict Arnold	
The treason of Benedict Arnold
 	 		A)	shocked American forces.
 	 		B)	came as no surprise since he was not highly regarded.
 	 		C)	led to the surrender of the fort at West Point.
 	 		D)	resulted in Arnold's hanging.
 	 		E)	resulted in a shakeup of the American high command.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
The British were forced to surrender at Yorktown because	
The British were forced to surrender at Yorktown because
 	 		A)	Clinton ordered Cornwallis to surrender.
 	 		B)	Washington was able to defeat the British in the field.
 	 		C)	Americans were finally better trained than the British.
 	 		D)	the British commander underestimated the size of Washington's army.
 	 		E)	French troops and a French fleet helped trap the British.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Even though the British wanted to end the war, the French were reluctant to negotiate because	
Even though the British wanted to end the war, the French were reluctant to negotiate because
 	 		A)	they feared the Americans might take Canada.
 	 		B)	British agents were at work among the common folk of Paris.
 	 		C)	they were committed to staying in the war until Spain got Gibraltar.
 	 		D)	Spain was insisting on getting the Virgin Islands.
 	 		E)	the Dutch insisted on taking over the British tea trade.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
Of all the Loyalists groups in America, the one that suffered most as a result of the Revolution was	
Of all the Loyalists groups in America, the one that suffered most as a result of the Revolution was
 	 		A)	western farmers.
 	 		B)	slaves.
 	 		C)	traders and trappers.
 	 		D)	Anglicans.
 	 		E)	the Quakers.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
Native Americans	
Native Americans
 	 		A)	generally fought in the war on the side of the British.
 	 		B)	generally fought in the war on the side of the Americans.
 	 		C)	were unaffected by the revolution.
 	 		D)	saw their position improved by the results of the Revolution.
 	 		E)	generally stayed neutral in the war.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
During the Revolution, women took on new responsibilities. After the war,	
During the Revolution, women took on new responsibilities. After the war,
 	 		A)	things generally went back to the way they were before and few concrete reforms occurred in the status of women.
 	 		B)	women were able to translate wartime gains into peacetime reforms.
 	 		C)	women were recognized and honored for their contributions with new careers.
 	 		D)	women got the right to vote in most northern colonies.
 	 		E)	women became leading educators.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
In spite of rhetoric proclaiming "all men are created equal," slavery survived in America for nearly a century after the Revolution because whites	
In spite of rhetoric proclaiming "all men are created equal," slavery survived in America for nearly a century after the Revolution because whites
 	 		A)	harbored racist assumptions about the natural inferiority of blacks.
 	 		B)	never considered it immoral or wrong.
 	 		C)	feared free blacks would return to Africa.
 	 		D)	refused to consider plans to compensate slaveholders for gradual emancipation of slaves.
 	 		E)	believed slave labor enhanced American states in world trade.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
If postwar Americans agreed on nothing else, they agreed that	
If postwar Americans agreed on nothing else, they agreed that
 	 		A)	there should be no property qualifications to vote.
 	 		B)	states should have democratic governments.
 	 		C)	the Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced by a constitution.
 	 		D)	some men were born to govern and some were born to follow.
 	 		E)	new governments should be republican.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Under the Articles of Confederation, the only institution of national authority was the	
Under the Articles of Confederation, the only institution of national authority was the
 	 		A)	Supreme Court.
 	 		B)	Congress.
 	 		C)	president of the United States.
 	 		D)	Senate.
 	 		E)	Post Office.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
When the fighting began, most Americans wanted the colonies to be independent from Great Britain.	
When the fighting began, most Americans wanted the colonies to be independent from Great Britain.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The rebelling colonies had access to sufficient local resources to fight a successful revolution.	
The rebelling colonies had access to sufficient local resources to fight a successful revolution.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The British lacked the resources to conduct a war on the American continent.	
The British lacked the resources to conduct a war on the American continent.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
At the outset of the war, American leaders hoped that Canada would become the fourteenth state.	
At the outset of the war, American leaders hoped that Canada would become the fourteenth state.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga had no effect on the Iroquois Confederacy, since most of the Indians supported the American cause.	
The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga had no effect on the Iroquois Confederacy, since most of the Indians supported the American cause.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
There is no actual proof that Benedict Arnold committed treason.	
There is no actual proof that Benedict Arnold committed treason.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the new American nation's westward boundary was the Blue Ridge Mountains.	
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the new American nation's westward boundary was the Blue Ridge Mountains.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
At least one-fifth, and maybe as many as one-third, of the American colonists were loyal to Britain during the Revolution.	
At least one-fifth, and maybe as many as one-third, of the American colonists were loyal to Britain during the Revolution.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Native Americans were pleased with the outcome of the Revolution because it reduced the desire of colonists for western land.	
Native Americans were pleased with the outcome of the Revolution because it reduced the desire of colonists for western land.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The first state constitutions written during the American Revolution generally reduced the power of the executive.	
The first state constitutions written during the American Revolution generally reduced the power of the executive.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
In the newly created states, the privileges that churches enjoyed in the colonial era were largely stripped away.	
In the newly created states, the privileges that churches enjoyed in the colonial era were largely stripped away.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
After independence, the United States quickly and easily persuaded Great Britain to abide by the terms of the treaty of 1783.	
After independence, the United States quickly and easily persuaded Great Britain to abide by the terms of the treaty of 1783.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The system for surveying and selling western lands set up under the Ordinance of 1785 favored small farmers.	
The system for surveying and selling western lands set up under the Ordinance of 1785 favored small farmers.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The Northwest Ordinance laid out the requirements for western territories to become states.	
The Northwest Ordinance laid out the requirements for western territories to become states.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
During the period under consideration in this chapter, Congress did nothing to limit the expansion of slavery.	
During the period under consideration in this chapter, Congress did nothing to limit the expansion of slavery.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Explain how conflicts and rivalries among European nations both helped and hindered the American struggle for independence. (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)	
Explain how conflicts and rivalries among European nations both helped and hindered the American struggle for independence. (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Compare and contrast the British and the American conduct of the war. How did each side propose to "win," how realistic was its assessment of the situation, and how did this prewar assessment influence the ultimate outcome of the war?	
Compare and contrast the British and the American conduct of the war. How did each side propose to "win," how realistic was its assessment of the situation, and how did this prewar assessment influence the ultimate outcome of the war?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Examine the relative successes and failures of the Articles of Confederation. Do you think that this government was capable of providing the stability that the new nation needed? Why or why not?	
Examine the relative successes and failures of the Articles of Confederation. Do you think that this government was capable of providing the stability that the new nation needed? Why or why not?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
How did Revolutionary ideology challenge the way minorities were treated in America? What changes in this treatment resulted from this challenge, and why did some minorities find their circumstances improved while others did not?	
How did Revolutionary ideology challenge the way minorities were treated in America? What changes in this treatment resulted from this challenge, and why did some minorities find their circumstances improved while others did not?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
Explain how the political ideology that was the foundation of the American Revolution influenced the writing of state constitutions and the Articles of Confederation. How did the colonial experience of the states help shape this political ideology? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)	
Explain how the political ideology that was the foundation of the American Revolution influenced the writing of state constitutions and the Articles of Confederation. How did the colonial experience of the states help shape this political ideology? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
List the divisions within the Second Continental Congress and give the aim of each faction. How did they attempt to gain their ends?	
List the divisions within the Second Continental Congress and give the aim of each faction. How did they attempt to gain their ends?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
How did the pamphlet Common Sense address the problem of the aim of the war and what was its impact on American opinion?	
How did the pamphlet Common Sense address the problem of the aim of the war and what was its impact on American opinion?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What were the philosophical roots of the Declaration of Independence and what effect did the Declaration have on the struggle?	
What were the philosophical roots of the Declaration of Independence and what effect did the Declaration have on the struggle?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What problems did the Americans face in providing the necessary supplies and equipment for the war and in paying for them?	
What problems did the Americans face in providing the necessary supplies and equipment for the war and in paying for them?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What were the American advantages in the struggle and why was George Washington selected as the best person to make the most of these advantages?	
What were the American advantages in the struggle and why was George Washington selected as the best person to make the most of these advantages?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
Identify and explain the two broad schools of interpretation that emerged as historians debated the origins of the American Revolution. On what points do these interpretations differ?	
Identify and explain the two broad schools of interpretation that emerged as historians debated the origins of the American Revolution. On what points do these interpretations differ?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
What were the initial setbacks in the war during 1776, and what was the significance of the Battles of Trenton and Princeton in this regard?	
What were the initial setbacks in the war during 1776, and what was the significance of the Battles of Trenton and Princeton in this regard?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
What was the initial plan for the British campaign of 1777? How was this altered, and what effect did this alteration have on the outcome?	
What was the initial plan for the British campaign of 1777? How was this altered, and what effect did this alteration have on the outcome?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
What were the American diplomatic goals at the start of the war? What problems did they face, and what efforts were made to overcome them?	
What were the American diplomatic goals at the start of the war? What problems did they face, and what efforts were made to overcome them?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
How did the victory at Saratoga affect American diplomatic efforts? How did England and France respond to this news? What was the result?	
How did the victory at Saratoga affect American diplomatic efforts? How did England and France respond to this news? What was the result?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Why did the British decide to launch a campaign against the southern colonies in 1778? What advantages and disadvantages did each side have in this region?	
Why did the British decide to launch a campaign against the southern colonies in 1778? What advantages and disadvantages did each side have in this region?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
How was the campaign in the South conducted, and why was the victory at Yorktown so significant for the Americans?	
How was the campaign in the South conducted, and why was the victory at Yorktown so significant for the Americans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and how did the treaty affect relations among the United States, France, and Spain?	
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and how did the treaty affect relations among the United States, France, and Spain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What problems did the Treaty of Paris of 1783 fail to solve? What problems did it create?	
What problems did the Treaty of Paris of 1783 fail to solve? What problems did it create?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
Who were the Loyalists? What elements in America remained loyal to the king, and for what reasons?	
Who were the Loyalists? What elements in America remained loyal to the king, and for what reasons?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
What impact did the American Revolution have on Native Americans?	
What impact did the American Revolution have on Native Americans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
How did the Revolution affect the way American women thought about their status, and what changes resulted from this new awareness?	
How did the Revolution affect the way American women thought about their status, and what changes resulted from this new awareness?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What changes did the Revolution produce in the structure of the American economy?	
What changes did the Revolution produce in the structure of the American economy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
What was it about the concept of a republican government that so appealed to Americans?	
What was it about the concept of a republican government that so appealed to Americans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
How did Americans propose to avoid what they considered to be the problems of the British system they were repudiating?	
How did Americans propose to avoid what they considered to be the problems of the British system they were repudiating?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
What were the characteristics of the state constitutions written during the early years of the struggle? How did they reflect the general spirit of the Enlightenment—the belief that freedom was the natural state of humanity?	
What were the characteristics of the state constitutions written during the early years of the struggle? How did they reflect the general spirit of the Enlightenment—the belief that freedom was the natural state of humanity?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
What impact did the Revolution have on slavery in New England, in the middle states, and in the South?	
What impact did the Revolution have on slavery in New England, in the middle states, and in the South?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? What were its major features?	
What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? What were its major features?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
How did the Treaty of Paris of 1783 fail to resolve, or in some cases help to create, strain among the United States, England, and Spain?	
How did the Treaty of Paris of 1783 fail to resolve, or in some cases help to create, strain among the United States, England, and Spain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What commercial arrangements did American shippers and traders want above all others after the war had ended? Why did they feel this was needed, and how successful were they in accomplishing their aims?	
What commercial arrangements did American shippers and traders want above all others after the war had ended? Why did they feel this was needed, and how successful were they in accomplishing their aims?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What effect did the American westward movement have on diplomatic relations with Great Britain and Spain?	
What effect did the American westward movement have on diplomatic relations with Great Britain and Spain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
How did the Confederation Congress attempt to resolve the problem of the status of western territory the states had ceded to the national government? Which interest groups favored which plans for the sale and distribution of land?	
How did the Confederation Congress attempt to resolve the problem of the status of western territory the states had ceded to the national government? Which interest groups favored which plans for the sale and distribution of land?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
What were the sources of the Confederation's postwar economic problems, and how did the government attempt to solve them? What were the results?	
What were the sources of the Confederation's postwar economic problems, and how did the government attempt to solve them? What were the results?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
How was paper money seen as a solution to the economic problems of one element in American society? Who opposed this and why?	
How was paper money seen as a solution to the economic problems of one element in American society? Who opposed this and why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
How did the actions of Daniel Shays and his followers relate to the economic problem of the Confederation period? What was the significance of the movement he led?	
How did the actions of Daniel Shays and his followers relate to the economic problem of the Confederation period? What was the significance of the movement he led?
==Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
By 1786, even defenders of the Articles of Confederation accepted the fact that which of the following needed to be strengthened?	
By 1786, even defenders of the Articles of Confederation accepted the fact that which of the following needed to be strengthened?
 	 		A)	the power to tax
 	 		B)	the executive
 	 		C)	the court system
 	 		D)	the army
 	 		E)	the navy
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the men who attended the Constitutional Convention in 1787?	
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the men who attended the Constitutional Convention in 1787?
 	 		A)	They represented the great property interests.
 	 		B)	They were relatively young.
 	 		C)	They believed in democracy.
 	 		D)	They were well-educated.
 	 		E)	They were all highly respected.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The most significant division in the Constitutional Convention was between	
The most significant division in the Constitutional Convention was between
 	 		A)	slave and free states.
 	 		B)	large and small states.
 	 		C)	eastern and western interests.
 	 		D)	agricultural and manufacturing interests.
 	 		E)	the Federalists and the Republicans.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
James Madison's Virginia Plan proposed	
James Madison's Virginia Plan proposed
 	 		A)	revision and strengthening of the Articles of Confederation.
 	 		B)	larger influence within a new national government for the richer and more populous states.
 	 		C)	a unicameral national legislature with equal representation for the states.
 	 		D)	a bicameral national legislature with state representatives in both houses chosen by popular vote.
 	 		E)	the direct election of the president.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The most important issue not yet addressed when the Constitutional Convention adjourned was	
The most important issue not yet addressed when the Constitutional Convention adjourned was
 	 		A)	the question of counting slaves for representation.
 	 		B)	whether to have an executive or not.
 	 		C)	the absence of a list of individual rights.
 	 		D)	the question of the power of the national government to tax.
 	 		E)	where to locate the national capitol.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The Antifederalists did all of the following EXCEPT	
The Antifederalists did all of the following EXCEPT
 	 		A)	present themselves as the true protectors of the principles of the Revolution.
 	 		B)	fear the potential for despotism in a strong centralized government.
 	 		C)	argue that the Constitution would increase taxes, weaken the states, and abolish individual liberties.
 	 		D)	argue that the Constitution represented the rights of the "well born" at the expense of the common people.
 	 		E)	show a basic faith in human nature and man's ability to wield power justly.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Which of the following was NOT addressed by the first Congress under the new Constitution?	
Which of the following was NOT addressed by the first Congress under the new Constitution?
 	 		A)	a bill of rights
 	 		B)	a federal court system
 	 		C)	an executive department
 	 		D)	the role of political parties in the election of a president
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Constitution's most distinctive feature was its	
The Constitution's most distinctive feature was its
 	 		A)	separation of "powers" with "checks and balances."
 	 		B)	system for the direct election of the executive.
 	 		C)	lack of a national judicial system.
 	 		D)	single house legislature.
 	 		E)	lack of amendment provisions.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The number of Supreme Court justices was determined by	
The number of Supreme Court justices was determined by
 	 		A)	Article III of the Constitution.
 	 		B)	the chief justice.
 	 		C)	the president.
 	 		D)	a popular vote.
 	 		E)	Congress.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
To prevent an "excess of democracy" and the tyranny of mob rule, the Constitution restricted direct popular election to	
To prevent an "excess of democracy" and the tyranny of mob rule, the Constitution restricted direct popular election to
 	 		A)	the president.
 	 		B)	federal judges.
 	 		C)	senators.
 	 		D)	representatives.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Which of the following was NOT a belief of Alexander Hamilton?	
Which of the following was NOT a belief of Alexander Hamilton?
 	 		A)	Urbanization and industrialization were desirable.
 	 		B)	A stable and effective government required an elite ruling class.
 	 		C)	The new government needed the support of the wealthy and powerful.
 	 		D)	A permanent national debt was desirable.
 	 		E)	The best leaders are those democratically elected.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
President Washington helped stabilize the western frontier by	
President Washington helped stabilize the western frontier by
 	 		A)	putting down the Whiskey Rebellion.
 	 		B)	allowing existing states to incorporate additional land claims.
 	 		C)	refusing to bargain with Indian resistance leaders.
 	 		D)	relieving General "Mad Anthony" Wayne of his command.
 	 		E)	discovering white settlements of the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Jefferson and his followers believed the Federalists were creating a political party because they were	
Jefferson and his followers believed the Federalists were creating a political party because they were
 	 		A)	using their offices to reward supporters and win allies.
 	 		B)	forming local associations to strengthen their stand in local communities.
 	 		C)	working to establish a national network of influence.
 	 		D)	forming caucuses of elected officials.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Which of the following was NOT a belief held by Jefferson and his followers?	
Which of the following was NOT a belief held by Jefferson and his followers?
 	 		A)	The ordinary farmer-citizen could, if properly educated, be trusted to govern through elected representatives.
 	 		B)	Urban people posed a danger to a republic because they could easily become a lawless mob.
 	 		C)	The best citizen was one who tilled his own soil.
 	 		D)	Commercial activity was a danger to the republic.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Under the Constitution, the status of the western Indian tribes was	
Under the Constitution, the status of the western Indian tribes was
 	 		A)	not clearly defined.
 	 		B)	that of independent nations.
 	 		C)	that of conquered nations.
 	 		D)	the same as states.
 	 		E)	clearly defined.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Although the treaty between England and the United States that John Jay negotiated in 1794 fell short of his instructions, it did	
Although the treaty between England and the United States that John Jay negotiated in 1794 fell short of his instructions, it did
 	 		A)	little to improve commercial relations with England.
 	 		B)	give America undisputed sovereignty over the entire Northwest.
 	 		C)	end the impressments of American soldiers.
 	 		D)	indicate that the United States and France were not going to war.
 	 		E)	end the impressments of American soldiers and indicated that the United States and France were not going to war.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
In the election of 1796,	
In the election of 1796,
 	 		A)	Thomas Jefferson was the choice of southern Federalists.
 	 		B)	the Federalist Party united behind Adams.
 	 		C)	George Washington took an active role.
 	 		D)	the Federalist Party divided when southern Federalists refused to support Adams.
 	 		E)	Hamilton favored Jefferson over Adams.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
Republicans pinned their hopes for a reversal of the Alien and Sedition Acts on the	
Republicans pinned their hopes for a reversal of the Alien and Sedition Acts on the
 	 		A)	Supreme Court.
 	 		B)	Senate.
 	 		C)	House of Representatives.
 	 		D)	Army of the United States.
 	 		E)	state legislatures.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The "quasi war" with France	
The "quasi war" with France
 	 		A)	was started by American impressments of French sailors.
 	 		B)	led to a series of humiliating defeats for the American navy.
 	 		C)	led to the XYZ Affair.
 	 		D)	helped the Federalists to increase their Congressional majorities.
 	 		E)	helped the Republicans win control of Congress in 1798.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
Which of the following is NOT true of the campaign and election of 1800?	
Which of the following is NOT true of the campaign and election of 1800?
 	 		A)	It was one of the ugliest in American history.
 	 		B)	Parties and party organization played an important role.
 	 		C)	It underscored problems in the method of electing a president.
 	 		D)	It resulted in a clear victory for the winning candidate.
 	 		E)	It created the first urban political machine.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
The Federalists made a last gasp attempt to maintain power by	
The Federalists made a last gasp attempt to maintain power by
 	 		A)	repealing the Alien and Sedition Acts.
 	 		B)	supporting Aaron Burr for president.
 	 		C)	creating new federal courts and judges.
 	 		D)	plotting a revolution to prevent the election of Jefferson.
 	 		E)	expanding the number of Supreme Court justices.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Which of the following was NOT accomplished by Pinckney's Treaty?	
Which of the following was NOT accomplished by Pinckney's Treaty?
 	 		A)	Spain recognized America's right to navigate the Mississippi River.
 	 		B)	The northern boundary of Florida was fixed at the 31st parallel.
 	 		C)	The Spanish would prevent Florida Indians from attacking the U.S.
 	 		D)	The city of New Orleans was transferred to the U.S.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
Which of the following about the Alien and Sedition Acts is NOT true?	
Which of the following about the Alien and Sedition Acts is NOT true?
 	 		A)	They were some of the most controversial legislation in American history.
 	 		B)	They were roundly protested by the Federalists of New England.
 	 		C)	They discouraged immigration and encouraged foreigners to leave.
 	 		D)	They were invoked to arrest Republican newspaper editors.
 	 		E)	They strengthened the president's hand in dealing with aliens.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The most resourceful advocate of a centralized government was Alexander Hamilton.	
The most resourceful advocate of a centralized government was Alexander Hamilton.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The intellectual leader of the Constitutional Convention was James Madison.	
The intellectual leader of the Constitutional Convention was James Madison.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The "Great Compromise" was important because it solved the problem of representation.	
The "Great Compromise" was important because it solved the problem of representation.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The Constitution did not resolve the question of which law—state or national—would be the supreme law of the land.	
The Constitution did not resolve the question of which law—state or national—would be the supreme law of the land.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
Abiding by the rules set up under the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution could not go into effect until it was ratified by all the states in the Union.	
Abiding by the rules set up under the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution could not go into effect until it was ratified by all the states in the Union.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The essays known collectively as The Federalist Papers called for the ratification of the Constitution.	
The essays known collectively as The Federalist Papers called for the ratification of the Constitution.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The Constitution had little chance of success unless Virginia and New York ratified it.	
The Constitution had little chance of success unless Virginia and New York ratified it.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
After the Constitution was ratified, Americans agreed that the government should strive to create a highly commercial, urban nation.	
After the Constitution was ratified, Americans agreed that the government should strive to create a highly commercial, urban nation.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The federalist vision for America included government by a wealthy, enlightened ruling class.	
The federalist vision for America included government by a wealthy, enlightened ruling class.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Virginia agreed to support Hamilton's "assumption" bill in return for locating the national capital in the South.	
Virginia agreed to support Hamilton's "assumption" bill in return for locating the national capital in the South.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Most of the framers of the Constitution believed organized political parties were evil and should be avoided.	
Most of the framers of the Constitution believed organized political parties were evil and should be avoided.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The national government's response to the Whiskey Rebellion was to win allegiance through intimidation.	
The national government's response to the Whiskey Rebellion was to win allegiance through intimidation.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
In 1796, Thomas Jefferson ran for vice president on the Federalist ticket.	
In 1796, Thomas Jefferson ran for vice president on the Federalist ticket.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Aaron Burr's role in the election of 1800 was not very significant.	
Aaron Burr's role in the election of 1800 was not very significant.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
After the election of 1800, Federalists tried to hold on to power through the federal judiciary.	
After the election of 1800, Federalists tried to hold on to power through the federal judiciary.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Explain Hamilton's motives for proposing his plans for taxation, assumption, and currency regulation. What was it in his motives that so upset Jefferson and Madison?	
Explain Hamilton's motives for proposing his plans for taxation, assumption, and currency regulation. What was it in his motives that so upset Jefferson and Madison?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
The Bill of Rights is generally recognized as protecting the citizens of the United States from their government, but what safeguards are contained in the Constitution to protect the states from violation of their rights? What additional safeguards were proposed by Jefferson and Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what were the implications of these resolutions with regard to the growth of the central government?	
The Bill of Rights is generally recognized as protecting the citizens of the United States from their government, but what safeguards are contained in the Constitution to protect the states from violation of their rights? What additional safeguards were proposed by Jefferson and Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what were the implications of these resolutions with regard to the growth of the central government?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social philosophies of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Explain the sort of nation each wished to create.	
Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social philosophies of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Explain the sort of nation each wished to create.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
During the period we have just studied, two opposing political parties arose. Both had their roots in the era governed under the Articles, but unlike competing groups during that period, both factions claimed to support the Constitution. If both felt that the Constitution created the best sort of government, what was the basis for their disagreement? Compare and contrast the two parties—their goals, methods, and philosophies. (Be sure to consult earlier chapters when answering this question.)	
During the period we have just studied, two opposing political parties arose. Both had their roots in the era governed under the Articles, but unlike competing groups during that period, both factions claimed to support the Constitution. If both felt that the Constitution created the best sort of government, what was the basis for their disagreement? Compare and contrast the two parties—their goals, methods, and philosophies. (Be sure to consult earlier chapters when answering this question.)
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
During the Federalist era, events in other countries did much to shape political party growth and domestic policy. Look at American relations with England, Spain, and France; analyze how these relations affected the two political parties that emerged during this period; explain the way the government responded to this foreign influence on the parties.	
During the Federalist era, events in other countries did much to shape political party growth and domestic policy. Look at American relations with England, Spain, and France; analyze how these relations affected the two political parties that emerged during this period; explain the way the government responded to this foreign influence on the parties.
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
Who were the advocates of centralization, and why did they want to alter or abolish the Articles of Confederation?	
Who were the advocates of centralization, and why did they want to alter or abolish the Articles of Confederation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What did those who favored centralization see as the most serious problem of the Articles, and how would they have changed them? What had prevented these changes?	
What did those who favored centralization see as the most serious problem of the Articles, and how would they have changed them? What had prevented these changes?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What were the characteristics of the men who met at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia? Whose presence was essential to the meeting's success? Why?	
What were the characteristics of the men who met at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia? Whose presence was essential to the meeting's success? Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What were the two major points of view that divided the convention? What plans did each side propose to carry its view?	
What were the two major points of view that divided the convention? What plans did each side propose to carry its view?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
How were the differences between the "large state" and the "small state" plans resolved? What other issues divided the convention, and how were they resolved?	
How were the differences between the "large state" and the "small state" plans resolved? What other issues divided the convention, and how were they resolved?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What was to be the role of various branches of government under the new Constitution?	
What was to be the role of various branches of government under the new Constitution?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
Why did the supporters of the new Constitution call themselves "Federalists"? Were they actually Federalists, or did their philosophy of government reveal them to be something else? If so, what?	
Why did the supporters of the new Constitution call themselves "Federalists"? Were they actually Federalists, or did their philosophy of government reveal them to be something else? If so, what?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
What method did the Federalists employ to get their views across to the people? What were their arguments, and how did the "Antifederalists" respond?	
What method did the Federalists employ to get their views across to the people? What were their arguments, and how did the "Antifederalists" respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
What was the process by which the Constitution was finally ratified? Which states supported it, by what margins, and which states did not? What objections were raised by the states?	
What was the process by which the Constitution was finally ratified? Which states supported it, by what margins, and which states did not? What objections were raised by the states?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What was the process by which the new government set up operations? What were the initial matters discussed, and how were they resolved?	
What was the process by which the new government set up operations? What were the initial matters discussed, and how were they resolved?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
In what way did Congress continue the work of the Constitutional Convention? What "gaps" in the Constitution did Congress fill?	
In what way did Congress continue the work of the Constitutional Convention? What "gaps" in the Constitution did Congress fill?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
Who were the men Washington selected for his cabinet, and on what basis did he choose them?	
Who were the men Washington selected for his cabinet, and on what basis did he choose them?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
How did the divisions of the 1790s reflect the differences in philosophy that were at the heart of the debate over the Constitution?	
How did the divisions of the 1790s reflect the differences in philosophy that were at the heart of the debate over the Constitution?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What was the view of society and politics held by Hamilton? Who did he feel should govern, and why?	
What was the view of society and politics held by Hamilton? Who did he feel should govern, and why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What was Hamilton's plan for paying the nation's debts and restoring credit on a sound basis? To which social, economic, and political groups would this have appealed?	
What was Hamilton's plan for paying the nation's debts and restoring credit on a sound basis? To which social, economic, and political groups would this have appealed?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How did Hamilton propose to enact his programs? Who opposed him, and to what degree was Hamilton successful?	
How did Hamilton propose to enact his programs? Who opposed him, and to what degree was Hamilton successful?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
How did political parties rise as a result of Hamilton's programs?	
How did political parties rise as a result of Hamilton's programs?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What was the political philosophy of Jefferson and Madison? How did it differ from that of Hamilton?	
What was the political philosophy of Jefferson and Madison? How did it differ from that of Hamilton?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
How did the French Revolution highlight the differences between the Federalists and the Republicans?	
How did the French Revolution highlight the differences between the Federalists and the Republicans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
How did Washington's reaction to the Whiskey Rebellion underscore the difference between the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation?	
How did Washington's reaction to the Whiskey Rebellion underscore the difference between the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
How did the government under the Constitution guarantee that people on the frontier would be loyal to it? What was the impact on Native Americans?	
How did the government under the Constitution guarantee that people on the frontier would be loyal to it? What was the impact on Native Americans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
What diplomatic problem did the French Revolution and the war that followed pose for the United States? How did Washington and Congress deal with this problem?	
What diplomatic problem did the French Revolution and the war that followed pose for the United States? How did Washington and Congress deal with this problem?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
What were the circumstances that sent John Jay to England, and what were the results of his mission?	
What were the circumstances that sent John Jay to England, and what were the results of his mission?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
How did Jay's Treaty affect American relations with Spain?	
How did Jay's Treaty affect American relations with Spain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
Why was John Adams selected as the Federalist candidate in 1796?	
Why was John Adams selected as the Federalist candidate in 1796?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What circumstances led to an administration with a Federalist president and a Republican vice president?	
What circumstances led to an administration with a Federalist president and a Republican vice president?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
What caused the "quasi war" with France during the Adams administration? What as the result of this struggle?	
What caused the "quasi war" with France during the Adams administration? What as the result of this struggle?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
How did the Federalists attempt to silence those who opposed the undeclared war, and what groups did these attempts most affect?	
How did the Federalists attempt to silence those who opposed the undeclared war, and what groups did these attempts most affect?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
What gave rise to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what attitude toward the nature of the federal government did these resolutions reveal?	
What gave rise to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what attitude toward the nature of the federal government did these resolutions reveal?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
What were the issues in the election of 1800, and what were the reactions of the losers and the victors?	
What were the issues in the election of 1800, and what were the reactions of the losers and the victors?
 	 			
==Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The Missouri crisis stood in sharp contrast to the general tone of the nation at the time because	
The Missouri crisis stood in sharp contrast to the general tone of the nation at the time because
 	 		A)	it resulted in a compromise between slave and free interests at a time when these powers were locked in permanent conflict.
 	 		B)	it went against the general feelings of unity and nationalism prevalent in the nation at the time.
 	 		C)	it represented a significant bump in the otherwise smooth process of western settlement.
 	 		D)	it led to calls for colonization of slaves at a time when support for emancipation was growing quickly.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The Second National Bank of the United States	
The Second National Bank of the United States
 	 		A)	prevented state banks from issuing currency.
 	 		B)	could not gain control of the industry away from state banks.
 	 		C)	was essentially the same institution supported by Alexander Hamilton a generation before.
 	 		D)	encountered strong opposition to its charter in Congress.
 	 		E)	made counterfeiting difficult.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Which of the following did NOT occur after the War of 1812?	
Which of the following did NOT occur after the War of 1812?
 	 		A)	Commerce revived and expanded.
 	 		B)	An economic boom was followed by a disastrous bust.
 	 		C)	All banking was left to the states.
 	 		D)	Westward expansion accelerated dramatically.
 	 		E)	The federal government starting financing internal improvements.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
After peace was restored, "infant industries" that prospered during the war	
After peace was restored, "infant industries" that prospered during the war
 	 		A)	were strong enough to withstand British competition.
 	 		B)	expanded into foreign markets.
 	 		C)	were competitive with foreign markets.
 	 		D)	demanded that the government protect them from foreign competition.
 	 		E)	collapsed under pressure from British competition.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
After the war, the nation's most pressing economic need was	
After the war, the nation's most pressing economic need was
 	 		A)	access to foreign markets that were not open to commerce.
 	 		B)	a trained labor force to work in complex industries.
 	 		C)	a stable currency.
 	 		D)	a system by which worn-out soil could be reclaimed.
 	 		E)	a transportation system that would provide manufacturers access to raw materials and markets.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The Second Bank of the United States could deal with the nation's currency problem by	
The Second Bank of the United States could deal with the nation's currency problem by
 	 		A)	prohibiting state banks from issuing notes.
 	 		B)	using its size and power to compel state banks to issue sound notes or go out of business.
 	 		C)	using only gold and silver as currency.
 	 		D)	dealing only with major land speculators.
 	 		E)	regulating the issuance of state bank notes.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
According to "nationalists" in the government, "internal improvements" should be financed by	
According to "nationalists" in the government, "internal improvements" should be financed by
 	 		A)	a series of local, internal improvement taxes.
 	 		B)	user fees or tolls.
 	 		C)	the states in which the "improvements" are made.
 	 		D)	private investments.
 	 		E)	the national government.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The American "mountain men"	
The American "mountain men"
 	 		A)	refused to consort with Mexican or Indian women.
 	 		B)	were closely tied to the expanding market economy of the United States.
 	 		C)	generally got to keep the bulk of their profits.
 	 		D)	established towns and villages to escape the isolation of the frontier.
 	 		E)	banded together to found the Rocky Mountain Fur Company.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The administration of President James Monroe was called the "era of good feelings" because	
The administration of President James Monroe was called the "era of good feelings" because
 	 		A)	it was a time of few factional disputes and partisan divisions.
 	 		B)	there were no economic depressions.
 	 		C)	most Americans were content to remain where they were.
 	 		D)	the national bank successfully managed the economy.
 	 		E)	the slave issue was resolved.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The addition of Florida to the nation was due largely to	
The addition of Florida to the nation was due largely to
 	 		A)	the military conquests of Andrew Jackson within the territory.
 	 		B)	the Missouri Compromise.
 	 		C)	the American cession of California to Spain.
 	 		D)	the debts of the Spanish government.
 	 		E)	the huge influx of American settlers into the peninsula.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The Black Belt was	
The Black Belt was
 	 		A)	the area where most blacks were settled.
 	 		B)	an area of dark, rotted limestone soil that was excellent for cotton.
 	 		C)	a burned-over region in upstate New York.
 	 		D)	the dark swamps of southern Georgia and northern Florida.
 	 		E)	the tobacco-growing region of central Georgia.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
In the American mind of the 1820s, the Far West was seen as	
In the American mind of the 1820s, the Far West was seen as
 	 		A)	a great desert.
 	 		B)	a wooded region like the Northeast.
 	 		C)	a paradise on earth.
 	 		D)	rich farmland ready to be settled.
 	 		E)	the solution to the relocation of displaced Indian tribes.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The Panic of 1819	
The Panic of 1819
 	 		A)	brought a halt to western expansion for decades.
 	 		B)	convinced the West that the national bank was a sound institution.
 	 		C)	did little to change American attitudes toward growth and expansion.
 	 		D)	removed the national bank as a political issue.
 	 		E)	prompted large numbers of easterners to pick up and move west.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The Missouri crisis, which was settled by a compromise in 1820, was significant because it was a sign of sectional crisis and because it	
The Missouri crisis, which was settled by a compromise in 1820, was significant because it was a sign of sectional crisis and because it
 	 		A)	revealed how strong pro-slavery attitudes were.
 	 		B)	revealed how deep anti-slavery attitudes were.
 	 		C)	stood in such sharp contrast to the rising American nationalism of the 1820s.
 	 		D)	involved most of the major politicians of the day.
 	 		E)	slowed the future admission of new states.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
John Marshall's influence on the Supreme Court was so great that he	
John Marshall's influence on the Supreme Court was so great that he
 	 		A)	was able to get whomever he wanted appointed to the bench.
 	 		B)	more than anyone other than the framers themselves molded the development of the Constitution.
 	 		C)	was able to ignore the other justices.
 	 		D)	could single-handedly overturn acts of Congress.
 	 		E)	could ignore the Constitution.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
The lasting significance of Gibbons v. Ogden was that it	
The lasting significance of Gibbons v. Ogden was that it
 	 		A)	opened the way for steamboat travel on the Mississippi.
 	 		B)	confirmed the state's right to regulate commerce.
 	 		C)	made peace between the Court and the Adams administration.
 	 		D)	ruled that contracts could easily be violated.
 	 		E)	freed transportation systems from restraints by the states.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The decisions of the Marshall Court	
The decisions of the Marshall Court
 	 		A)	established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy.
 	 		B)	gave strength to the doctrine of states' rights.
 	 		C)	destroyed what was left of Hamiltonian federalism.
 	 		D)	opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth.
 	 		E)	established the primacy of the federal government in regulating the economy and opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
In its rulings concerning the Indian tribes, the Marshall Court held that	
In its rulings concerning the Indian tribes, the Marshall Court held that
 	 		A)	the national government, not the states, had authority.
 	 		B)	Indians were citizens like everyone else.
 	 		C)	Indians had the same status as slaves.
 	 		D)	tribal lands belong to the states.
 	 		E)	Indians had no rights in a court of law.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The Monroe Doctrine	
The Monroe Doctrine
 	 		A)	allowed the United States to invade Latin American countries.
 	 		B)	established American preeminence in the Western Hemisphere.
 	 		C)	was completely divorced from American foreign policies in Europe.
 	 		D)	had nothing to do with American domestic policies.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
The charge of a "corrupt bargain" was raised when	
The charge of a "corrupt bargain" was raised when
 	 		A)	Clay supported Adams for the presidency and was appointed secretary of state.
 	 		B)	Jackson promised to reward his supporters if he won.
 	 		C)	Adams won with the support of southern planters.
 	 		D)	the Republican caucus threw its support to Adams.
 	 		E)	Adams privately promised southern Congressmen he would not opposed an all-slave westward expansion.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
Adams's nationalistic program, which was a lot like Clay's American System, was not funded because	
Adams's nationalistic program, which was a lot like Clay's American System, was not funded because
 	 		A)	the nation could not afford it.
 	 		B)	business opposed it.
 	 		C)	western interests opposed it.
 	 		D)	Jackson's supporters in Congress voted against it.
 	 		E)	Daniel Webster opposed it and led a filibuster.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
In his victory in 1828, Jackson drew his greatest support from the	
In his victory in 1828, Jackson drew his greatest support from the
 	 		A)	South and the West.
 	 		B)	New England region and the Southeast.
 	 		C)	Middle Atlantic states and the Old Northwest.
 	 		D)	South and the Middle Atlantic states.
 	 		E)	New England and the Middle Atlantic.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Difficulties in financing the War of 1812 underlined the need for a national bank.	
Difficulties in financing the War of 1812 underlined the need for a national bank.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Tariffs were generally favored by manufacturing interests but opposed by those who made their living from agriculture.	
Tariffs were generally favored by manufacturing interests but opposed by those who made their living from agriculture.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
One reason for the growing interest in internal improvements was the sudden and dramatic surge in westward expansion in the years following the War of 1812.	
One reason for the growing interest in internal improvements was the sudden and dramatic surge in westward expansion in the years following the War of 1812.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The advance of the southern frontier meant the spread not just of cotton but also of slavery.	
The advance of the southern frontier meant the spread not just of cotton but also of slavery.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
During this period, there was very little economic opportunity for Americans who wanted to trade with the far Southwest and Mexico.	
During this period, there was very little economic opportunity for Americans who wanted to trade with the far Southwest and Mexico.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Andrew Jackson took Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty made it legal.	
Andrew Jackson took Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty made it legal.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The Missouri Compromise upset the balance between slave and free states.	
The Missouri Compromise upset the balance between slave and free states.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court declared the national bank unconstitutional.	
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court declared the national bank unconstitutional.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The decision in Gibbon v.Ogden was popular because it was a stand against monopoly power.	
The decision in Gibbon v.Ogden was popular because it was a stand against monopoly power.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The Marshall Court's rulings concerning the Indian tribes were among its most popular decisions.	
The Marshall Court's rulings concerning the Indian tribes were among its most popular decisions.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The Monroe Doctrine was passed by Congress and immediately became an important part of our foreign policy.	
The Monroe Doctrine was passed by Congress and immediately became an important part of our foreign policy.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The political divisions that appeared in the late 1820s were in no way related to the divisions of the 1790s.	
The political divisions that appeared in the late 1820s were in no way related to the divisions of the 1790s.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Henry Clay's "American System" included a national bank, a protective tariff, and federally funded internal improvements.	
Henry Clay's "American System" included a national bank, a protective tariff, and federally funded internal improvements.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
In 1828, Andrew Jackson lost the presidential election because he was too closely identified with an "economic aristocracy" that his enemies claimed controlled him.	
In 1828, Andrew Jackson lost the presidential election because he was too closely identified with an "economic aristocracy" that his enemies claimed controlled him.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
After the War of 1812, there emerged a group of Republicans who urged the nation to consider "national" issues rather than "local" or "sectional" matters. So persistent were they that many of their party contended that they were abandoning the basic principles laid down by Jefferson. Were they? Could this new group be called "Jeffersonian," or did it represent something else? Examine the things the nationalists proposed for the nation, compare their plans with those of Jefferson and Hamilton. To which set of plans does the nationalists' program seem more closely allied? What does this tell you about the nature of political parties and political ideas at this time? Also, how does the emergence of the nationalists relate to the decline of the Federalists? (Be sure to check previous chapters when preparing your answers.)	
After the War of 1812, there emerged a group of Republicans who urged the nation to consider "national" issues rather than "local" or "sectional" matters. So persistent were they that many of their party contended that they were abandoning the basic principles laid down by Jefferson. Were they? Could this new group be called "Jeffersonian," or did it represent something else? Examine the things the nationalists proposed for the nation, compare their plans with those of Jefferson and Hamilton. To which set of plans does the nationalists' program seem more closely allied? What does this tell you about the nature of political parties and political ideas at this time? Also, how does the emergence of the nationalists relate to the decline of the Federalists? (Be sure to check previous chapters when preparing your answers.)
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Nationalism was a unifying factor in the 1820s, but how did this nationalistic attitude, which was so evident in domestic affairs, influence foreign policy? What were the effects of nationalism on American foreign policy during this period, and what forces, if any, tended to negate its influence?	
Nationalism was a unifying factor in the 1820s, but how did this nationalistic attitude, which was so evident in domestic affairs, influence foreign policy? What were the effects of nationalism on American foreign policy during this period, and what forces, if any, tended to negate its influence?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
How did the career of John Marshall contribute to the rise of nationalism during this era? In what specific area did he increase the power of the national government? Of the two political parties, which was more likely to support Marshall? Why?	
How did the career of John Marshall contribute to the rise of nationalism during this era? In what specific area did he increase the power of the national government? Of the two political parties, which was more likely to support Marshall? Why?
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
How did America's wartime experience underline the need for another national bank?	
How did America's wartime experience underline the need for another national bank?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
How did Congress propose to promote manufacturing in the United States?	
How did Congress propose to promote manufacturing in the United States?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
How was transportation improved during this period? What serious gaps remained in the nation's transportation system?	
How was transportation improved during this period? What serious gaps remained in the nation's transportation system?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What were the arguments in favor of internal improvements financed by the government? What were the arguments against this idea?	
What were the arguments in favor of internal improvements financed by the government? What were the arguments against this idea?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What were the reasons for the so-called Great Migration?	
What were the reasons for the so-called Great Migration?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What were the characteristics of life among white settlers in the Old Northwest?	
What were the characteristics of life among white settlers in the Old Northwest?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
How did life in the Old Southwest differ from that in other sections of the country?	
How did life in the Old Southwest differ from that in other sections of the country?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
Who were the "mountain men"? Why were they important in the settlement of the West?	
Who were the "mountain men"? Why were they important in the settlement of the West?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Explain the perception that easterners had of the West.	
Explain the perception that easterners had of the West.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
Why were the leaders of New England disturbed at the nomination end election of James Monroe for president, and what did Monroe do to calm these fears?	
Why were the leaders of New England disturbed at the nomination end election of James Monroe for president, and what did Monroe do to calm these fears?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Why was Florida such a problem for Americans in the South, and how did Andrew Jackson make the resolution of the problem an absolute necessity?	
Why was Florida such a problem for Americans in the South, and how did Andrew Jackson make the resolution of the problem an absolute necessity?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What were the critical points decided by the Adams-Onis negotiations?	
What were the critical points decided by the Adams-Onis negotiations?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
What were the causes of the Panic of 1819?	
What were the causes of the Panic of 1819?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What impact did the Panic of 1819 have on the American economy? What did the government do to try to ease the pain of this depression?	
What impact did the Panic of 1819 have on the American economy? What did the government do to try to ease the pain of this depression?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What were the major elements of disagreement in the debate over the admission of Missouri into the Union?	
What were the major elements of disagreement in the debate over the admission of Missouri into the Union?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
Which group opposed Missouri's entering the Union as a slave state? Why?	
Which group opposed Missouri's entering the Union as a slave state? Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What was the Missouri Compromise? Why did nationalists regard it as a "happy resolution of a danger to the Union"? Why were others less optimistic?	
What was the Missouri Compromise? Why did nationalists regard it as a "happy resolution of a danger to the Union"? Why were others less optimistic?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What was the net effect of the opinions delivered by the Marshall Court? How did these opinions reflect John Marshall's philosophy of government?	
What was the net effect of the opinions delivered by the Marshall Court? How did these opinions reflect John Marshall's philosophy of government?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Who led the opposition to the Marshall Court, and what was the position they took in denouncing it?	
Who led the opposition to the Marshall Court, and what was the position they took in denouncing it?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What was the long-range significance of the case of Gibbons v. Ogden? Of immediate importance, how did the case help to blunt criticism of the Court?	
What was the long-range significance of the case of Gibbons v. Ogden? Of immediate importance, how did the case help to blunt criticism of the Court?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
How was it that the United States' proclamation of neutrality in the wars between Spain and its colonies actually aided the colonies? Why did the United States do this?	
How was it that the United States' proclamation of neutrality in the wars between Spain and its colonies actually aided the colonies? Why did the United States do this?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
Why was the caucus system viewed with such disdain before the election of 1824?	
Why was the caucus system viewed with such disdain before the election of 1824?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
Who were the candidates in the election of 1824? What was the platform of each?	
Who were the candidates in the election of 1824? What was the platform of each?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
What was the outcome of the election of 1824? How was that result arrived at, and what part did Henry Clay play in it?	
What was the outcome of the election of 1824? How was that result arrived at, and what part did Henry Clay play in it?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What was the "corrupt bargain," and why did it take place?	
What was the "corrupt bargain," and why did it take place?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What did John Quincy Adams plan to accomplish during his presidency? What role was the federal government to play in these plans? Was he successful? Why or why not?	
What did John Quincy Adams plan to accomplish during his presidency? What role was the federal government to play in these plans? Was he successful? Why or why not?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
In the field of foreign affairs, what did Adams and Clay attempt to do? Were they successful? Why or why not?	
In the field of foreign affairs, what did Adams and Clay attempt to do? Were they successful? Why or why not?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
What problems brought on the tariff debates of 1827 and 1828? In what way did the South respond to northeastern demands for a higher tariff, and on what did the forces opposed to the tariff base their stand?	
What problems brought on the tariff debates of 1827 and 1828? In what way did the South respond to northeastern demands for a higher tariff, and on what did the forces opposed to the tariff base their stand?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
What was the outcome of these tariff debates, and why was it that few were pleased with these results?	
What was the outcome of these tariff debates, and why was it that few were pleased with these results?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
How had Andrew Jackson's supporters prepared for the election of 1828? What were the issues in the campaign, and what was the outcome?	
How had Andrew Jackson's supporters prepared for the election of 1828? What were the issues in the campaign, and what was the outcome?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
31	31		
Who were the National Republicans? Who were their leaders? What programs did they support, and from what areas did they draw their strength?	
Who were the National Republicans? Who were their leaders? What programs did they support, and from what areas did they draw their strength?
==Chapter 10: America's Economic Revolution==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The American population between 1820 and 1840	
The American population between 1820 and 1840
 	 		A)	grew fastest in the South.
 	 		B)	became increasingly rural.
 	 		C)	doubled.
 	 		D)	was not growing as fast as the population of Europe.
 	 		E)	was migrating westward.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The rise of New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of the following EXCEPT	
The rise of New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of the following EXCEPT
 	 		A)	a superior natural harbor.
 	 		B)	liberal state laws that made the city attractive for both foreign and domestic commerce.
 	 		C)	an absence of "nativist" sentiment.
 	 		D)	unrivaled access to the interior.
 	 		E)	the primary port of entry for European immigrants.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was	
At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was
 	 		A)	already obsolete.
 	 		B)	beginning to fill with silt from the Great Lakes.
 	 		C)	the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken.
 	 		D)	cited as an example of how not to construct a canal.
 	 		E)	already paid for.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?	
Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?
 	 		A)	immigrants from Europe
 	 		B)	northeast farmers
 	 		C)	the growth of the population as a whole
 	 		D)	immigrants from Europe and the growth of the population as a whole
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The nativist movement wanted to	
The nativist movement wanted to
 	 		A)	return all land to Native Americans.
 	 		B)	enact more restrictive naturalization laws.
 	 		C)	increase aid to education so voters would be literate.
 	 		D)	make immigrants feel this was their home.
 	 		E)	end all immigration.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was	
One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was
 	 		A)	an increased white settlement in the Northwest.
 	 		B)	an increased white settlement in the Southwest.
 	 		C)	the renewed cooperation between states and the national environment on internal improvement projects.
 	 		D)	the conviction that the national government should be responsible for all internal improvements.
 	 		E)	the dominance of steamboat transport.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads	
During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads
 	 		A)	played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system.
 	 		B)	replaced canals as the most important means of transportation.
 	 		C)	generated little interest among American businessmen.
 	 		D)	consisted of a few long lines, which were not connected to water routes.
 	 		E)	were built alongside the canals.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the	
The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the
 	 		A)	development of a national banking system.
 	 		B)	creation of corporations.
 	 		C)	decline of the small-town merchant and general store.
 	 		D)	rise of the factory.
 	 		E)	decline of American agriculture.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The telegraph	
The telegraph
 	 		A)	was expensive to use and thus offered limited advantages for American industry.
 	 		B)	slowly developed as a tool for commerce in the United States.
 	 		C)	was intended to replace newspapers.
 	 		D)	was invented in just a week by Samuel F. B. Morse.
 	 		E)	was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The great technical advances in American industry owed much to	
The great technical advances in American industry owed much to
 	 		A)	American inventors.
 	 		B)	national research universities.
 	 		C)	innovative businessmen.
 	 		D)	labor unions.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to	
The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to
 	 		A)	overcrowding in American cities.
 	 		B)	a dramatic increase in food production.
 	 		C)	the use of slaves in manufacturing industries.
 	 		D)	an increase in European immigration.
 	 		E)	an excess agricultural labor force.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The Lowell or Waltham system of recruiting labor was to	
The Lowell or Waltham system of recruiting labor was to
 	 		A)	enlist young women from farm families.
 	 		B)	recruit whole families from rural areas.
 	 		C)	recruit newly arrived immigrants.
 	 		D)	enlist young men from farm families.
 	 		E)	provide liberal pay and living conditions.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because	
The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because
 	 		A)	workers resented being watched over so carefully.
 	 		B)	in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs.
 	 		C)	unions undermined the owners' authority.
 	 		D)	men found jobs in the factories, and they disliked the paternalistic system.
 	 		E)	it adversely affected work quality.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took place in the	
Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took place in the
 	 		A)	South and Southwest.
 	 		B)	Old Northwest.
 	 		C)	New England region and the mid-Atlantic states.
 	 		D)	Ohio Valley.
 	 		E)	southern Great Lakes region.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Artisan workers	
Artisan workers
 	 		A)	successfully made the transition to factory work.
 	 		B)	created the nation's earliest trade unions.
 	 		C)	had abandoned the republican vision of American work.
 	 		D)	allied themselves with the new capitalist class.
 	 		E)	developed a niche market catering to the middle class.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Which of the following was NOT a technological advance that sped the growth of industry during this period?	
Which of the following was NOT a technological advance that sped the growth of industry during this period?
 	 		A)	better machine tools
 	 		B)	interchangeable tools
 	 		C)	improved water-power generators
 	 		D)	new steam engines
 	 		E)	the development of wood stoves
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The railroad network that developed during this period linked	
The railroad network that developed during this period linked
 	 		A)	the Northeast to the Northwest.
 	 		B)	the Northeast to the Gulf Coast.
 	 		C)	the East Coast to the West Coast.
 	 		D)	New York to New Orleans.
 	 		E)	Richmond to Atlanta.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
Crucial to the operation of railroads was	
Crucial to the operation of railroads was
 	 		A)	a system of federal railroad regulations.
 	 		B)	the invention of the telegraph.
 	 		C)	slave labor to build the lines.
 	 		D)	a canal and river system that supported the lines.
 	 		E)	the fuel switch from wood to coal.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
Which of the following did NOT inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance?	
Which of the following did NOT inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance?
 	 		A)	ethnic divisions between natives and immigrants
 	 		B)	the availability of cheap labor
 	 		C)	slavery
 	 		D)	the strength of the industrial capitalists
 	 		E)	laws unfavorable to labor
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
The unequal distribution of wealth NOT create more resentment was	
The unequal distribution of wealth NOT create more resentment was
 	 		A)	the actual living standard of the workers was improving.
 	 		B)	there was no social mobility, but people were content to stay where they were in the social system.
 	 		C)	geographic mobility was limited, so there were few other opportunities.
 	 		D)	the political system offered few ways to express resentment.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from	
In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from
 	 		A)	helpmate to workmate.
 	 		B)	"republican mother" to "democratic female."
 	 		C)	passive domestic to radical feminist.
 	 		D)	income producer to income consumer.
 	 		E)	obedient helpmate to coequal partner in the household.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Shakespeare's plays	
Shakespeare's plays
 	 		A)	were generally viewed as entertainment for the nation's elite classes.
 	 		B)	led to a riot at the Astor Place Opera House.
 	 		C)	were not particularly enjoyed by antebellum Americans.
 	 		D)	were played before quiet, respectful audiences in American cities.
 	 		E)	were performed in America by British actors.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of the United States because	
The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of the United States because
 	 		A)	northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast.
 	 		B)	northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest.
 	 		C)	northwestern grain was sold to the South, which allowed it to grow more cotton.
 	 		D)	the Northwest was able to feed itself so it did not align with any other section.
 	 		E)	northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast and northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States grew more rapidly in population than Britain or Europe.	
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States grew more rapidly in population than Britain or Europe.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
New York gained the most from the new transportation routes built in this era.	
New York gained the most from the new transportation routes built in this era.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Railroads had so many advantages over canals that, where free competition existed, they almost always prevailed.	
Railroads had so many advantages over canals that, where free competition existed, they almost always prevailed.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Credit mechanisms in the early nineteenth century were well designed and efficient.	
Credit mechanisms in the early nineteenth century were well designed and efficient.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
When compared to working conditions in European industries, the Lowell mills were a paradise for working women.	
When compared to working conditions in European industries, the Lowell mills were a paradise for working women.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Artisans, displaced by the factory system, formed the first American labor unions.	
Artisans, displaced by the factory system, formed the first American labor unions.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The most conspicuous change in American life in the 1840s and 1850s was the rapid industrialization of the Northeast.	
The most conspicuous change in American life in the 1840s and 1850s was the rapid industrialization of the Northeast.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
During this period, international trade became increasingly important for the national economy.	
During this period, international trade became increasingly important for the national economy.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The South was an important part of the national railroad network.	
The South was an important part of the national railroad network.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The majority of immigrants during this period came from Ireland and Russia.	
The majority of immigrants during this period came from Ireland and Russia.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Although conditions got worse in American factories, few workers tried to do anything about it.	
Although conditions got worse in American factories, few workers tried to do anything about it.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Industrialization made no change in the nature and function of the American family.	
Industrialization made no change in the nature and function of the American family.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Except for teaching and nursing, work by women outside the household gradually came to be seen as a lower-class preserve.	
Except for teaching and nursing, work by women outside the household gradually came to be seen as a lower-class preserve.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The typical white citizen of the Northwest was the owner of a reasonably prosperous family farm.	
The typical white citizen of the Northwest was the owner of a reasonably prosperous family farm.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Examine the development of the system of roads and canals between 1815 and 1840. What geographical factors contributed to this? What sections did this transportation link together, and what effect did the linkages have on the economies of the sections thus connected? How might this transportation network have influenced political alliances? In short, what effect did the system of canals and roads have on the nation as a whole?	
Examine the development of the system of roads and canals between 1815 and 1840. What geographical factors contributed to this? What sections did this transportation link together, and what effect did the linkages have on the economies of the sections thus connected? How might this transportation network have influenced political alliances? In short, what effect did the system of canals and roads have on the nation as a whole?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
How did the system of roads and canals in the previous question reflect the nationalist thinking of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay? Consult earlier chapters in answering this question.	
How did the system of roads and canals in the previous question reflect the nationalist thinking of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay? Consult earlier chapters in answering this question.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
According to the text, "the most conspicuous change in American life in the 1840s and 1850s was the rapid industrialization of the Northeast." What changes occurred in this region during the period under consideration and how did these changes tend to draw the Northeast and the Northwest more closely together economically, socially, and politically?	
According to the text, "the most conspicuous change in American life in the 1840s and 1850s was the rapid industrialization of the Northeast." What changes occurred in this region during the period under consideration and how did these changes tend to draw the Northeast and the Northwest more closely together economically, socially, and politically?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
What impact did the economic changes in the North have on society there? Explain how industrialization affected labor, family life, and the role of women in the North.	
What impact did the economic changes in the North have on society there? Explain how industrialization affected labor, family life, and the role of women in the North.
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
What were the reasons for and the effect of the rapid increase in population between 1820 and 1840?	
What were the reasons for and the effect of the rapid increase in population between 1820 and 1840?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
Where did this increased population settle? What population shifts took place between 1820 and 1840, and how did they affect political division?	
Where did this increased population settle? What population shifts took place between 1820 and 1840, and how did they affect political division?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
Why was the rise of New York City so phenomenal? What forces combined to make it America's leading city?	
Why was the rise of New York City so phenomenal? What forces combined to make it America's leading city?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What major immigrant groups came to the United States during this period? What impact did they have on the character and distribution of the population in the North?	
What major immigrant groups came to the United States during this period? What impact did they have on the character and distribution of the population in the North?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What impact did this immigration have on the political system? Which party was the most successful in attracting immigrant voters? Why?	
What impact did this immigration have on the political system? Which party was the most successful in attracting immigrant voters? Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What gave rise to the nativist movement? What were its political goals?	
What gave rise to the nativist movement? What were its political goals?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
Why were natural means of carrying commerce (lakes and rivers) unsatisfactory to most Americans?	
Why were natural means of carrying commerce (lakes and rivers) unsatisfactory to most Americans?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
How did Americans propose to overcome the geographical limitations on water travel?	
How did Americans propose to overcome the geographical limitations on water travel?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Which area took the lead in canal development? What was the effect of these canals on that section of the country? How did other sections respond to this example?	
Which area took the lead in canal development? What was the effect of these canals on that section of the country? How did other sections respond to this example?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What were the general characteristics of early railroad development in the United States? What innovations aided the progress of railroads, and what advantages did railroads have over other forms of transportation?	
What were the general characteristics of early railroad development in the United States? What innovations aided the progress of railroads, and what advantages did railroads have over other forms of transportation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
What innovations in transportation and/or communication, other than the growth of the railroads, took place during this period?	
What innovations in transportation and/or communication, other than the growth of the railroads, took place during this period?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
In the broadening of business described here, what shifts in manufacturing took place and what business innovations occurred, and what effect did this have on the general distribution of goods in America?	
In the broadening of business described here, what shifts in manufacturing took place and what business innovations occurred, and what effect did this have on the general distribution of goods in America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
What influence did technology have on the growth of American industry?	
What influence did technology have on the growth of American industry?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What changes contributed to the rise of the factory? Why was this "the most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth century America"?	
What changes contributed to the rise of the factory? Why was this "the most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth century America"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
How did technology and industrial ingenuity prepare the way for the expansion of industry and the growth of the American economy?	
How did technology and industrial ingenuity prepare the way for the expansion of industry and the growth of the American economy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
Who were the "merchant capitalists" and what was the significance of their transformation into "industrial capitalists"?	
Who were the "merchant capitalists" and what was the significance of their transformation into "industrial capitalists"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
How did the textile mills recruit and use labor? What was the general response of workers to the Lowell method? Of observers? What caused the breakdown of this system?	
How did the textile mills recruit and use labor? What was the general response of workers to the Lowell method? Of observers? What caused the breakdown of this system?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What was the lot of working women in Lowell and other factory towns? How did this differ from conditions in Europe? What problems did these women have in adjusting to factory and factory-town life?	
What was the lot of working women in Lowell and other factory towns? How did this differ from conditions in Europe? What problems did these women have in adjusting to factory and factory-town life?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
How did the circumstances of immigrant workers differ from those of native laborers?	
How did the circumstances of immigrant workers differ from those of native laborers?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What was the general condition of workers in northeastern factories? What impact did factory work have on the artisan tradition in America?	
What was the general condition of workers in northeastern factories? What impact did factory work have on the artisan tradition in America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
What attempts were made to better conditions in northeastern factories? What role did unions play in these attempts and what was accomplished?	
What attempts were made to better conditions in northeastern factories? What role did unions play in these attempts and what was accomplished?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
Why was the increasing wealth of America not widely or equitably distributed? How was this unequal distribution manifested in daily life? Which groups were most likely to be found at the bottom of the economic scale?	
Why was the increasing wealth of America not widely or equitably distributed? How was this unequal distribution manifested in daily life? Which groups were most likely to be found at the bottom of the economic scale?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
What was life like for middle-class Americans during the antebellum era?	
What was life like for middle-class Americans during the antebellum era?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
Despite the gap between rich and poor, there was little overt class conflict in antebellum America. Why?	
Despite the gap between rich and poor, there was little overt class conflict in antebellum America. Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What "profound change in the nature and function of the family" took place during this era? What caused this change?	
What "profound change in the nature and function of the family" took place during this era? What caused this change?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What conditions put women in a "separate sphere," and what were the characteristics of the "distinctive female culture" women developed?	
What conditions put women in a "separate sphere," and what were the characteristics of the "distinctive female culture" women developed?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
What was the "cult of domesticity," and what costs and benefits did it bring to middle-class women? To working-class women?	
What was the "cult of domesticity," and what costs and benefits did it bring to middle-class women? To working-class women?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
What caused the decline of farming in the Northeast? What did farmers in the Northeast do to overcome this decline, and what new patterns in agriculture resulted?	
What caused the decline of farming in the Northeast? What did farmers in the Northeast do to overcome this decline, and what new patterns in agriculture resulted?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
What was the basis of the economy in the Northwest? What goods were produced there?	
What was the basis of the economy in the Northwest? What goods were produced there?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
Where were most of the goods produced in the Northwest marketed? What role did this play in the pre-1860 sectional alignment?	
Where were most of the goods produced in the Northwest marketed? What role did this play in the pre-1860 sectional alignment?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
31	31		
What factors and inventions contributed to the growth and expansion of the Northwest's economy? Who were the men responsible for this?	
What factors and inventions contributed to the growth and expansion of the Northwest's economy? Who were the men responsible for this?
==Chapter 11: Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The Southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of	
The Southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of
 	 		A)	a lack of business talent in the South.
 	 		B)	an unwillingness on the part of the Southerners to take risks.
 	 		C)	a set of values distinctive to the South that discouraged the growth of cities and industry.
 	 		D)	a slave labor force that could not work successfully in industry.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth-century South was the	
The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth-century South was the
 	 		A)	invention of the cotton gin.
 	 		B)	shift of economic power from the "upper South" to the "lower South."
 	 		C)	increased agricultural diversity of the region.
 	 		D)	decline in the price of slaves.
 	 		E)	spread of railroads.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The expansion of Southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of	
The expansion of Southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of
 	 		A)	western rice.
 	 		B)	tobacco in Kentucky.
 	 		C)	Louisiana sugar.
 	 		D)	short-staple cotton in the Black Belt.
 	 		E)	long-staple cotton on the Carolina-Georgia coast.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The South in 1860, in contrast to 1800, had become	
The South in 1860, in contrast to 1800, had become
 	 		A)	a primarily rural and agricultural region.
 	 		B)	increasingly unlike the North and increasingly sensitive to criticism.
 	 		C)	a region where political power rested in the hands of small farmers.
 	 		D)	more urban and more industrialized.
 	 		E)	densely populated.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
A minority of Southern whites owned slaves,	
A minority of Southern whites owned slaves,
 	 		A)	and nonslaveholders dominated the political system in the region.
 	 		B)	but the slaveholding planters exercised power and influence far in excess of their numbers.
 	 		C)	so slavery was not very important in the lives of most whites.
 	 		D)	and most whites were happy with it that way.
 	 		E)	and they treated the slaves as equals.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The South had a "colonial" economy in that	
The South had a "colonial" economy in that
 	 		A)	most of its land was owned by outside interests.
 	 		B)	it employed slave labor.
 	 		C)	it produced raw materials and purchased finished products.
 	 		D)	it had little political power.
 	 		E)	it was taxed without representation.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
According to the "cavalier" image, Southern planters were	
According to the "cavalier" image, Southern planters were
 	 		A)	mostly horse breeders.
 	 		B)	really a rough-and-tumble group of people.
 	 		C)	genteel aristocrats.
 	 		D)	successful agricultural businessmen.
 	 		E)	womanizers.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Southern concept of honor	
The Southern concept of honor
 	 		A)	mirrored that of the North.
 	 		B)	resulted in the adoption of an elaborate code of chivalry.
 	 		C)	had little to do with slavery.
 	 		D)	did not extend to the practice of dueling.
 	 		E)	encouraged widespread cohabitation between planters and their female slaves.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Most Southern white "ladies" were	
Most Southern white "ladies" were
 	 		A)	less subordinate to men than in the North.
 	 		B)	relatively isolated from people outside their own families.
 	 		C)	better educated than their Northern counterparts.
 	 		D)	more likely to engage in public activities or income-producing employment than their Northern counterparts.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The typical white Southerner was	
The typical white Southerner was
 	 		A)	a planter with many slaves and a lot of land.
 	 		B)	a small-town merchant or professional man.
 	 		C)	extremely poor.
 	 		D)	a modest yeoman farmer.
 	 		E)	a hunter/trapper.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Although most whites did not own slaves, most supported the plantation system because	
Although most whites did not own slaves, most supported the plantation system because
 	 		A)	it controlled the slaves.
 	 		B)	they had economic ties to it.
 	 		C)	slaveholder and nonslaveholder were often related.
 	 		D)	they identified with fierce regional loyalties.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Which of the following was NOT a condition of slave life in the South?	
Which of the following was NOT a condition of slave life in the South?
 	 		A)	an adequate if rough diet
 	 		B)	hard work, even for women and children
 	 		C)	the freedom to use the time after work as they wished
 	 		D)	isolation and control
 	 		E)	the ability to keep their families intact
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The slave codes of the Southern states	
The slave codes of the Southern states
 	 		A)	imposed a uniformly harsh and dismal regime for Southern slaves.
 	 		B)	allowed slaves a great deal of flexibility and autonomy.
 	 		C)	created a paternal and benevolent relationship between master and slave.
 	 		D)	contained rigid provisions but were unevenly enforced.
 	 		E)	allowed slaves to buy their freedom.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Slaves seemed to prefer to live on larger plantations because	
Slaves seemed to prefer to live on larger plantations because
 	 		A)	masters supervised workers personally and often worked alongside them.
 	 		B)	they had more opportunities for privacy and for a social world of their own.
 	 		C)	masters seemed more concerned with their health and welfare.
 	 		D)	the work was lighter and provisions were more abundant.
 	 		E)	it was easier to loaf on the job.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Which of the following statements about Southern slavery is true?	
Which of the following statements about Southern slavery is true?
 	 		A)	Most of the slaveowners owned more than ten slaves.
 	 		B)	Most of the slaves lived on farms with less than ten slaves.
 	 		C)	The majority of slaveowners were small farmers, but the majority of slaves lived on plantations of medium or large size.
 	 		D)	The majority of slaveowners lived on medium or large plantations, but most slaves lived and worked on small farms.
 	 		E)	most slaves had some unsupervised time during the workday.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Slave resistance in the South often took all of the following forms EXCEPT	
Slave resistance in the South often took all of the following forms EXCEPT
 	 		A)	armed revolts.
 	 		B)	petty thievery.
 	 		C)	work slowdowns.
 	 		D)	running away.
 	 		E)	All these answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
Slaves used music	
Slaves used music
 	 		A)	primarily to entertain whites.
 	 		B)	solely as a means of entertaining themselves.
 	 		C)	that was influenced heavily by American music.
 	 		D)	as a means of expressing their dreams and frustrations.
 	 		E)	to pass the time of day.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
African-American religion	
African-American religion
 	 		A)	was condoned by the masters.
 	 		B)	emphasized deliverance in the next world.
 	 		C)	sometimes combined Christianity with traditional African religions.
 	 		D)	primarily occurred under the guidance of white ministers.
 	 		E)	encouraged slave revolts.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The historical debate over the nature of plantation slavery demonstrates	
The historical debate over the nature of plantation slavery demonstrates
 	 		A)	the difficulty in researching a field in which few documents exist.
 	 		B)	the extent to which historians are influenced by the times in which they write.
 	 		C)	basic agreement that slavery was a brutal, savage institution that dehumanized all participants.
 	 		D)	that black slaves in the South were generally content and happy with their lot.
 	 		E)	slavery was an American invention.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
In The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom (1976), Herbert Gutman argues that	
In The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom (1976), Herbert Gutman argues that
 	 		A)	slave families were better treated and lived in greater comfort than did Northern industrial workers.
 	 		B)	the black family survived slavery with impressive strength.
 	 		C)	slavery destroyed the significance of the father in the black family.
 	 		D)	slaves were unable to establish strong family ties.
 	 		E)	slavery promoted strong family ties.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
The only "successful" slave insurrection in the nineteenth-century South was led by	
The only "successful" slave insurrection in the nineteenth-century South was led by
 	 		A)	Gabriel Prosser.
 	 		B)	Denmark Vesey.
 	 		C)	Nat Turner.
 	 		D)	Frederick Douglass.
 	 		E)	Dred Scott.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Black adaptation to slavery	
Black adaptation to slavery
 	 		A)	revealed a passive contentment with bondage.
 	 		B)	produced a rich and complex culture in support of racial pride and unity.
 	 		C)	undermined black conversion to Christianity.
 	 		D)	resulted in the loss of all cultural elements of African life.
 	 		E)	created the image of the hard-working laborer.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
Slave families	
Slave families
 	 		A)	consistently operated on the model of the "nuclear family."
 	 		B)	condemned premarital pregnancies.
 	 		C)	generally lived on a single plantation.
 	 		D)	did not place much emphasis on extended kinship networks.
 	 		E)	emulated white family values.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The South, like the North, changed from an agricultural to an industrial economy during this period.	
The South, like the North, changed from an agricultural to an industrial economy during this period.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The new product that made cotton "king" in the South was short-staple cotton.	
The new product that made cotton "king" in the South was short-staple cotton.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
According to De Bow's Commercial Review, the South had a "colonial" relationship with the North.	
According to De Bow's Commercial Review, the South had a "colonial" relationship with the North.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Planters in the South were just as much competitive capitalists as industrialists in the North.	
Planters in the South were just as much competitive capitalists as industrialists in the North.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
Most whites who did not own slaves lived far from the planters and their plantations.	
Most whites who did not own slaves lived far from the planters and their plantations.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Most Southern planters did not think of themselves as aristocrats.	
Most Southern planters did not think of themselves as aristocrats.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
There is little evidence that southern planters had sexual relations with their slaves.	
There is little evidence that southern planters had sexual relations with their slaves.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
Most whites who did not own slaves opposed slavery and resented the planter class.	
Most whites who did not own slaves opposed slavery and resented the planter class.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Nonslaveholders had little contact with slaveholders.	
Nonslaveholders had little contact with slaveholders.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Because of slavery, the South was very undemocratic.	
Because of slavery, the South was very undemocratic.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
About the same percentage of slaves could read and write as poor whites.	
About the same percentage of slaves could read and write as poor whites.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
There is no evidence that any sort of paternal relationship ever existed between master and slave.	
There is no evidence that any sort of paternal relationship ever existed between master and slave.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Masters encouraged slaves to accept Christianity because they believed it would make them accept their lot in life.	
Masters encouraged slaves to accept Christianity because they believed it would make them accept their lot in life.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Slaves were generally healthier than whites in the South.	
Slaves were generally healthier than whites in the South.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
The dominant response of African Americans to slavery was a combination of adaptation and resistance.	
The dominant response of African Americans to slavery was a combination of adaptation and resistance.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
One of the most frequent causes of flight from the plantation was a slave's desire to find family members.	
One of the most frequent causes of flight from the plantation was a slave's desire to find family members.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
What was "the Southern way of life" for the white Southerner? Be sure to look at more than the life of the planter.	
What was "the Southern way of life" for the white Southerner? Be sure to look at more than the life of the planter.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
If nothing else, slavery set the South apart, made it unique. But how did the institution function and what was its impact on the slave? Analyze the plantation system—its social and its economic functions. How did it control its labor? And what was the response of these workers? How had this institution evolved since colonial times? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)	
If nothing else, slavery set the South apart, made it unique. But how did the institution function and what was its impact on the slave? Analyze the plantation system—its social and its economic functions. How did it control its labor? And what was the response of these workers? How had this institution evolved since colonial times? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Compare and contrast the way of life of Southern white women and black women during the 1840s and 1850s. How did the institution of slavery affect them both? How did the way of life of Southern white women compare to that of women in the North? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)	
Compare and contrast the way of life of Southern white women and black women during the 1840s and 1850s. How did the institution of slavery affect them both? How did the way of life of Southern white women compare to that of women in the North? (Be sure to consult previous chapters when answering this question.)
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
What was slavery like for the slave? Examine the daily life of a slave—work, family life, diet, restrictions, and resistance.	
What was slavery like for the slave? Examine the daily life of a slave—work, family life, diet, restrictions, and resistance.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
What was the "culture of slavery"? How did slaves try to make their world a better place for themselves and their families?	
What was the "culture of slavery"? How did slaves try to make their world a better place for themselves and their families?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
What was "the most important economic development in the South of the mid-nineteenth century"? What caused this, and what was its economic impact?	
What was "the most important economic development in the South of the mid-nineteenth century"? What caused this, and what was its economic impact?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What role did the businessman of the South play in the region's economic development? What element was most important in this group? Why?	
What role did the businessman of the South play in the region's economic development? What element was most important in this group? Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What elements were necessary for extensive industrial development? Did the South possess these? If not, why not?	
What elements were necessary for extensive industrial development? Did the South possess these? If not, why not?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What does the author mean by the statement that the antebellum South had a "colonial" economy?	
What does the author mean by the statement that the antebellum South had a "colonial" economy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What groups made up the planter aristocracy? Why did their influence far exceed their numbers?	
What groups made up the planter aristocracy? Why did their influence far exceed their numbers?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What was the "cavalier" image, and how were southern planters able to create it?	
What was the "cavalier" image, and how were southern planters able to create it?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
How was the role played by affluent southern white women like those of their northern counterparts? How was it different?	
How was the role played by affluent southern white women like those of their northern counterparts? How was it different?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
If "the typical white southerner was not a great planter," what was he? Describe and explain the way of life of the southern "plain folk"—men and women.	
If "the typical white southerner was not a great planter," what was he? Describe and explain the way of life of the southern "plain folk"—men and women.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Why did so few nonslaveholding whites oppose the slaveholding oligarchy? Where did these opponents live?	
Why did so few nonslaveholding whites oppose the slaveholding oligarchy? Where did these opponents live?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What were slave codes? What function did they serve? How were they applied, and what resulted from their violation?	
What were slave codes? What function did they serve? How were they applied, and what resulted from their violation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
How was slave life shaped by the slave's relationship with his or her owner?	
How was slave life shaped by the slave's relationship with his or her owner?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
To a slave, what was life under slavery?	
To a slave, what was life under slavery?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
Were there "classes" among the slaves? What evidence is there to support this?	
Were there "classes" among the slaves? What evidence is there to support this?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
How did slavery in cities differ from slavery on the plantation? What effect did urban slavery have on the "peculiar institution" and on the relationship between white and black?	
How did slavery in cities differ from slavery on the plantation? What effect did urban slavery have on the "peculiar institution" and on the relationship between white and black?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What was life like for free blacks? How was freedom gained, and what were their opportunities once free?	
What was life like for free blacks? How was freedom gained, and what were their opportunities once free?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How did slaves respond to slavery? What evidence exists to show that slaves did not accept their condition without protest and that, in some cases, they were strongly defiant?	
How did slaves respond to slavery? What evidence exists to show that slaves did not accept their condition without protest and that, in some cases, they were strongly defiant?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What were the most widely recognized slave revolts? What effects did they have?	
What were the most widely recognized slave revolts? What effects did they have?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What role did religion play in the life of slaves? How did slaves influence religion in America?	
What role did religion play in the life of slaves? How did slaves influence religion in America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
How were language and music important in the life of slaves?	
How were language and music important in the life of slaves?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What role did the family play in the life of slaves?	
What role did the family play in the life of slaves?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
Explain the legal restrictions that were placed on slave families and on the religious life of slaves.	
Explain the legal restrictions that were placed on slave families and on the religious life of slaves.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
How has the debate over the nature of plantation slavery evolved from the abolitionists' interpretation before the Civil War up to the present? How have the various interpretations in this debate reflected the times in which they appeared?	
How has the debate over the nature of plantation slavery evolved from the abolitionists' interpretation before the Civil War up to the present? How have the various interpretations in this debate reflected the times in which they appeared?
==Chapter 19: From Crisis to Empire==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
A significant characteristic of American politics at the national level during the late nineteenth century was the	
A significant characteristic of American politics at the national level during the late nineteenth century was the
 	 		A)	development of a true multiparty system.
 	 		B)	dominance of the Republican Party in popular support.
 	 		C)	dominance of the Democratic Party in popular support.
 	 		D)	nearly equal division of popular support for the Democratic and Republican Parties.
 	 		E)	support southern states gave to the Republican Party.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
In the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups would least likely vote Democrat?	
In the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups would least likely vote Democrat?
 	 		A)	Roman Catholics of immigrant origin
 	 		B)	Protestant farmers of the South
 	 		C)	unskilled wage earners
 	 		D)	poor workers
 	 		E)	northern blacks
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The most powerful institutions in national politics were	
The most powerful institutions in national politics were
 	 		A)	the president and Cabinet.
 	 		B)	the House and Senate.
 	 		C)	the courts.
 	 		D)	the Senate.
 	 		E)	the political parties.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Which of the following acts was passed to a considerable extent as a result of the assassination of Garfield?	
Which of the following acts was passed to a considerable extent as a result of the assassination of Garfield?
 	 		A)	the Mills Tariff Act
 	 		B)	the Pendleton Civil Service Act
 	 		C)	the Sherman Antitrust Act
 	 		D)	the Dependent Pension Act
 	 		E)	the Interstate Commerce Act
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The most significant issue in the presidential election of 1888 was	
The most significant issue in the presidential election of 1888 was
 	 		A)	civil service reform.
 	 		B)	the Mulligan letters.
 	 		C)	free silver.
 	 		D)	the tariff.
 	 		E)	Reconstruction.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Which of the following pieces of legislation was stringently enforced by the federal courts?	
Which of the following pieces of legislation was stringently enforced by the federal courts?
 	 		A)	the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
 	 		B)	the Interstate Commerce Act
 	 		C)	both the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act
 	 		D)	neither the Sherman Anti-Trust Act nor the Interstate Commerce Act
 	 		E)	the Pendleton Act.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Which piece of legislation caused significant political damage for the Republicans in the 1890 congressional elections?	
Which piece of legislation caused significant political damage for the Republicans in the 1890 congressional elections?
 	 		A)	the McKinley Tariff
 	 		B)	the Pendleton Act
 	 		C)	the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
 	 		D)	the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act
 	 		E)	the Interstate Commerce Act
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The so-called Granger laws were designed to regulate	
The so-called Granger laws were designed to regulate
 	 		A)	child labor.
 	 		B)	the export of farm crops.
 	 		C)	railroad and warehouse rates.
 	 		D)	minimum wages and maximum hours.
 	 		E)	civil service reform.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
What event caused the Grange to transform from a social and self-help association into an agency of political change?	
What event caused the Grange to transform from a social and self-help association into an agency of political change?
 	 		A)	the Civil War
 	 		B)	the depression of 1873
 	 		C)	the assassination of Garfield
 	 		D)	the depression of 1893
 	 		E)	the second election of Grover Cleveland
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
During the 1860s and 1870s, the Grangers carried out four of the following activities. Which is the exception?	
During the 1860s and 1870s, the Grangers carried out four of the following activities. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	They established cooperatives.
 	 		B)	They forged a political coalition with organized labor.
 	 		C)	They supported political candidates sympathetic to the farmers' needs.
 	 		D)	They disseminated information about new scientific agricultural techniques.
 	 		E)	They promoted political action to curb monopolistic practices of the railroads and warehouses.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
What did some Alliance leaders advocate that made the organization different from the Grange?	
What did some Alliance leaders advocate that made the organization different from the Grange?
 	 		A)	a national society in which economic competition would give way to cooperation
 	 		B)	local cooperatives designed to free farmers from dependence on the merchants who kept farmers in debt
 	 		C)	civil service reform
 	 		D)	marketing mechanisms
 	 		E)	control of legislation
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
One of the most important leaders of the Southern Farmers' Alliance and People's Party was	
One of the most important leaders of the Southern Farmers' Alliance and People's Party was
 	 		A)	Roscoe Conkling.
 	 		B)	Marcus Hanna.
 	 		C)	Tom Watson.
 	 		D)	James G. Blaine.
 	 		E)	James B. Weaver.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The Populist Party appealed primarily to which of the following constituencies?	
The Populist Party appealed primarily to which of the following constituencies?
 	 		A)	labor
 	 		B)	middle-class northern whites
 	 		C)	African Americans
 	 		D)	small farmers in geographically isolated regions
 	 		E)	northern blacks
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The Populists in 1892 favored four of the following. Which is the exception?	
The Populists in 1892 favored four of the following. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	the direct election of senators
 	 		B)	the abolition of the graduated income tax
 	 		C)	government ownership of railroads, telephones, and telegraphs
 	 		D)	the establishment of "subtreasuries" that would advance loans against stored crops
 	 		E)	the abolition of national banks
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Four of the following were contributory causes of the Panic of 1893. Which is the exception?	
Four of the following were contributory causes of the Panic of 1893. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	the tax policies of the federal government on big business
 	 		B)	excessive capital investments, especially by railroads
 	 		C)	the loss of American markets abroad due to depressed conditions in Europe
 	 		D)	weakened purchasing power of farmers due to depressed prices in agriculture
 	 		E)	the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads declaring bankruptcy
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
In order to alleviate unemployment produced by the Panic of 1893, Jacob S. Coxey proposed	
In order to alleviate unemployment produced by the Panic of 1893, Jacob S. Coxey proposed
 	 		A)	a new dependent pensions bill.
 	 		B)	drafting the unemployed into the army.
 	 		C)	raising agricultural prices.
 	 		D)	a welfare program of unemployment compensation.
 	 		E)	creating jobs by means of government public works programs.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The expression "Crime of '73" refers to the	
The expression "Crime of '73" refers to the
 	 		A)	discontinuance of silver coinage.
 	 		B)	adoption of a bimetallic standard.
 	 		C)	inflation produced by the unlimited coinage of silver.
 	 		D)	fixing of the ratio between silver and gold at 16 to 1.
 	 		E)	the assassination of James Garfield.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
The most important issue in the 1896 presidential campaign was	
The most important issue in the 1896 presidential campaign was
 	 		A)	the tariff.
 	 		B)	foreign policy.
 	 		C)	the civil service.
 	 		D)	the money question.
 	 		E)	immigrant restrictions.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The significance of the "cross of gold" speech was that	
The significance of the "cross of gold" speech was that
 	 		A)	it ended the "battle of the standards."
 	 		B)	it inspired the Populists to oppose free silver.
 	 		C)	it led to William Jennings Bryan's Democratic presidential nomination.
 	 		D)	it helped persuade Congress to adopt the Gold Standard Act of 1900.
 	 		E)	it led to the discontinuance of silver coinage.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
The issue of free coinage of silver rapidly declined in importance among farmers after 1896 partly because	
The issue of free coinage of silver rapidly declined in importance among farmers after 1896 partly because
 	 		A)	farm prices began to rise.
 	 		B)	farmers lost interest in politics.
 	 		C)	tariff rates declined and imports increased.
 	 		D)	voters became more knowledgeable about economic issues.
 	 		E)	agricultural prices began to rise.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
Which of the following groups did NOT want to undo the "Crime of '73"?	
Which of the following groups did NOT want to undo the "Crime of '73"?
 	 		A)	bankers
 	 		B)	mine owners
 	 		C)	inflationists
 	 		D)	farmers
 	 		E)	Populists
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
How did the Populist Party try to maintain its independence from the Democrats in 1896?	
How did the Populist Party try to maintain its independence from the Democrats in 1896?
 	 		A)	running James Weaver for president
 	 		B)	endorsing William McKinley
 	 		C)	repudiating bimetallism
 	 		D)	running William Jennings Bryan as vice-president
 	 		E)	running Tom Watson for vice-president
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
Which of the following does NOT characterize Manifest Destiny in the 1890s?	
Which of the following does NOT characterize Manifest Destiny in the 1890s?
 	 		A)	Territories were not likely to become states.
 	 		B)	Territories were not contiguous with existing states.
 	 		C)	Territories were not considered suitable for massive American settlement.
 	 		D)	Territorial expansion was justified by Charles Darwin's theories.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
24	24		
The text lists several factors that contributed directly or indirectly to the development of the new Manifest Destiny at the turn of the century. Which of the following is NOT one of them?	
The text lists several factors that contributed directly or indirectly to the development of the new Manifest Destiny at the turn of the century. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
 	 		A)	the depression of 1893
 	 		B)	the concept of the closing of the frontier
 	 		C)	the experience of subjugating Indian tribes in the West
 	 		D)	the Populist movement and other class protests
 	 		E)	the concern regarding access to natural resources
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
25	25		
Alfred Thayer Mahan was significant to the development of American imperialism through his writings on	
Alfred Thayer Mahan was significant to the development of American imperialism through his writings on
 	 		A)	sea power.
 	 		B)	Social Darwinism.
 	 		C)	Christian Missions.
 	 		D)	dialectical materialism.
 	 		E)	the closing of the frontier.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
26	26		
As a result of the naval building program begun in the 1870s, by 1900 the U.S. Navy was	
As a result of the naval building program begun in the 1870s, by 1900 the U.S. Navy was
 	 		A)	the most powerful in the world.
 	 		B)	the third most powerful in the world.
 	 		C)	the tenth most powerful in the world.
 	 		D)	actually weaker than in 1880 because of corruption in spending naval appropriations.
 	 		E)	the fifth most powerful in the world.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
27	27		
The Pan-American Union	
The Pan-American Union
 	 		A)	served as a clearinghouse for distributing information to member nations.
 	 		B)	created an inter-American customs union.
 	 		C)	created arbitration procedures for hemispheric disputes.
 	 		D)	created an inter-American customs union and arbitration procedures for hemispheric disputes.
 	 		E)	was an extremely strong international organization.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
28	28		
Which of the following was NOT a result of increasing American influence in the Hawaiian Islands beginning in the 1830s?	
Which of the following was NOT a result of increasing American influence in the Hawaiian Islands beginning in the 1830s?
 	 		A)	The native population declined significantly due to disease.
 	 		B)	Native religion was undermined by Christian missionaries.
 	 		C)	Asian immigrants were prevented from residing in Hawaii.
 	 		D)	American sugar plantations dominated the economy.
 	 		E)	Hawaiian society eroded due to the introduction of liquor.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
29	29		
In 1893, a revolution in Hawaii overthrew the government of Queen Liliuokalani. This revolution was instigated mainly by	
In 1893, a revolution in Hawaii overthrew the government of Queen Liliuokalani. This revolution was instigated mainly by
 	 		A)	Spanish imperialists.
 	 		B)	native inhabitants of Hawaii.
 	 		C)	Asian immigrants to Hawaii.
 	 		D)	American plantation interests.
 	 		E)	American missionaries in Hawaii.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
30	30		
Which of the following nations competed with the United States for control of the Samoan Islands?	
Which of the following nations competed with the United States for control of the Samoan Islands?
 	 		A)	China
 	 		B)	Great Britain
 	 		C)	Japan
 	 		D)	Spain
 	 		E)	Portugal
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
31	31		
The expression "yellow journalism" refers to the newspapers that emphasized	
The expression "yellow journalism" refers to the newspapers that emphasized
 	 		A)	unwavering loyalty to the Democratic Party in the South.
 	 		B)	pacifism in foreign affairs.
 	 		C)	lurid and sensational news.
 	 		D)	the dangers of Oriental immigration.
 	 		E)	Manifest Destiny.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
32	32		
Which of the following newspaper publishers were accused of using "yellow journalism" in their coverage of the trouble in Cuba in the 1890s?	
Which of the following newspaper publishers were accused of using "yellow journalism" in their coverage of the trouble in Cuba in the 1890s?
 	 		A)	William Randolph Hearst
 	 		B)	Josiah Strong
 	 		C)	Valeriano Weyler
 	 		D)	Henry Grady
 	 		E)	Jose Marti
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
33	33		
The de Lôme letter had the effect of	
The de Lôme letter had the effect of
 	 		A)	discrediting the McKinley administration.
 	 		B)	worsening United States-Spanish relations.
 	 		C)	exposing United States imperialistic ambitions.
 	 		D)	temporarily improving United States-Spanish relations.
 	 		E)	beginning the Spanish-American War.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
34	34		
Later evidence suggested that the sinking of the Maine was actually caused by	
Later evidence suggested that the sinking of the Maine was actually caused by
 	 		A)	the Spanish navy.
 	 		B)	William Randolph Hearst.
 	 		C)	an accident in one of the engine rooms.
 	 		D)	Cuban freedom fighters.
 	 		E)	Joseph Pulitzer.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
35	35		
Of the Americans who died in Cuba during the Spanish American War, what percent were killed in battle?	
Of the Americans who died in Cuba during the Spanish American War, what percent were killed in battle?
 	 		A)	about 50%
 	 		B)	about 25%
 	 		C)	about 15%
 	 		D)	about 1%
 	 		E)	about 10%
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
36	36		
Commodore George Dewey was noteworthy to the Spanish-American War for	
Commodore George Dewey was noteworthy to the Spanish-American War for
 	 		A)	capturing Puerto Rico.
 	 		B)	sinking the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.
 	 		C)	sinking the Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor.
 	 		D)	preventing Spanish reinforcements from reaching Cuba.
 	 		E)	creating flamboyant news in the American newspapers.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
37	37		
American preparation and mobilization for the military operations against Cuba in 1898 may most accurately be characterized as	
American preparation and mobilization for the military operations against Cuba in 1898 may most accurately be characterized as
 	 		A)	remarkably inefficient and incompetent.
 	 		B)	adequate, but lacking in popular enthusiasm and support.
 	 		C)	remarkably quick and efficient in spite of poor planning and leadership.
 	 		D)	highly professional, well-organized, and efficient in both planning and execution.
 	 		E)	well-organized despite popular opposition.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
38	38		
In addition to waging military expeditions against the Spanish in Cuba and the Philippines, the United States invaded	
In addition to waging military expeditions against the Spanish in Cuba and the Philippines, the United States invaded
 	 		A)	Morocco.
 	 		B)	Barcelona.
 	 		C)	Guam.
 	 		D)	El Salvador.
 	 		E)	Puerto Rico.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
39	39		
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for Spain to cede all of the following territories EXCEPT	
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish-American War, provided for Spain to cede all of the following territories EXCEPT
 	 		A)	Guam.
 	 		B)	the Virgin Islands.
 	 		C)	the Philippines.
 	 		D)	Puerto Rico.
 	 		E)	Cuba.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
40	40		
The most serious issue in the debate over ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 was	
The most serious issue in the debate over ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 was
 	 		A)	the status of the Philippines.
 	 		B)	political rights of Puerto Rican natives.
 	 		C)	American commercial rights in Cuba.
 	 		D)	the sum of money to be paid by Spain to the United States.
 	 		E)	the anti-imperialist movement in the Philippines.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
41	41		
The Platt Amendment to the Cuban constitution did NOT	
The Platt Amendment to the Cuban constitution did NOT
 	 		A)	forbid Cuba from making treaties with other nations.
 	 		B)	give the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuba to protect independence, life, and property.
 	 		C)	require Cuba to permit American naval stations on its territory.
 	 		D)	give Cuba nominal independence.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
42	42		
The Philippine War	
The Philippine War
 	 		A)	was one of the shortest in American history.
 	 		B)	produced fewer American battle casualties than the Spanish-American War.
 	 		C)	became a long, vicious, and bloody guerilla war.
 	 		D)	saw the American military treating Filipino natives and prisoners of war humanely.
 	 		E)	gave the Philippines nominal independence.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
43	43		
The motive of the United States in contributing troops to the rescue of the besieged diplomats during the Boxer Rebellion was to	
The motive of the United States in contributing troops to the rescue of the besieged diplomats during the Boxer Rebellion was to
 	 		A)	punish China.
 	 		B)	demonstrate American power to the Europeans.
 	 		C)	gain a foothold in China for an American sphere of influence.
 	 		D)	have a voice in the final settlement and prevent the dismemberment of China.
 	 		E)	align themselves with the British.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
44	44		
The reforms of Elihu Root, in the period between 1900 and 1903, were significant in	
The reforms of Elihu Root, in the period between 1900 and 1903, were significant in
 	 		A)	improving the federal bureaucracy.
 	 		B)	modernizing the United States Army.
 	 		C)	curbing monopolistic business practices.
 	 		D)	cleaning up corruption in the Navy Department.
 	 		E)	improving U.S. foreign relations.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
45	45		
Which of the following presidential candidates was known as a leading Anti-Imperialist?	
Which of the following presidential candidates was known as a leading Anti-Imperialist?
 	 		A)	William Howard Taft
 	 		B)	Theodore Roosevelt
 	 		C)	William Jennings Bryan
 	 		D)	John Hay
 	 		E)	William McKinley
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The Republican Party controlled both houses of Congress and the presidency for but four years from 1876 to 1896.	
The Republican Party controlled both houses of Congress and the presidency for but four years from 1876 to 1896.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Electoral turnout of eligible voters in the Gilded Age tended to be lower than it is today.	
Electoral turnout of eligible voters in the Gilded Age tended to be lower than it is today.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The assassination of William McKinley by an office seeker provided impetus to the passage of the Civil Service Act.	
The assassination of William McKinley by an office seeker provided impetus to the passage of the Civil Service Act.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
In general, Grover Cleveland favored lower tariffs.	
In general, Grover Cleveland favored lower tariffs.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The Sherman Antitrust Act applied initially only to railroads.	
The Sherman Antitrust Act applied initially only to railroads.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The so-called Granger laws provided for state government regulation of railroads.	
The so-called Granger laws provided for state government regulation of railroads.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The federal courts often overturned decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission.	
The federal courts often overturned decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Farmers' Alliance organization provided the foundation from which the Populist Party emerged.	
The Farmers' Alliance organization provided the foundation from which the Populist Party emerged.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
There was a separate Farmers' Alliance organization, affiliated with the larger group, for African-American farmers.	
There was a separate Farmers' Alliance organization, affiliated with the larger group, for African-American farmers.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The populists sought to build ties with industrial workers but were generally unsuccessful in doing so.	
The populists sought to build ties with industrial workers but were generally unsuccessful in doing so.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Some southern Populists tried to build political connection with black farmers, but the efforts did not prove long lasting.	
Some southern Populists tried to build political connection with black farmers, but the efforts did not prove long lasting.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Among the causes of the Panic of 1893 was the interconnectedness of the American economy.	
Among the causes of the Panic of 1893 was the interconnectedness of the American economy.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Most industrialized nations of the world recognized both gold and silver as backing for their monetary systems.	
Most industrialized nations of the world recognized both gold and silver as backing for their monetary systems.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Although the Populists agreed with William Jennings Bryan on the silver issue, they refused to endorse him in 1896 because it would have meant the loss of their identity.	
Although the Populists agreed with William Jennings Bryan on the silver issue, they refused to endorse him in 1896 because it would have meant the loss of their identity.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
In the 1896 election, William Jennings Bryan received most of his votes from the farming areas of the Midwest and mid-Atlantic states.	
In the 1896 election, William Jennings Bryan received most of his votes from the farming areas of the Midwest and mid-Atlantic states.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, alone among prominent American publishers, disdained the sensationalistic reporting of the Cuban revolution of the 1890s as practiced by the nation's "yellow press."	
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, alone among prominent American publishers, disdained the sensationalistic reporting of the Cuban revolution of the 1890s as practiced by the nation's "yellow press."
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The American attack on the Spanish fleet at Manila resulted in the most difficult and bloodiest engagement of the Spanish-American War.	
The American attack on the Spanish fleet at Manila resulted in the most difficult and bloodiest engagement of the Spanish-American War.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
Black volunteers were accepted for service in the Spanish-American War and black regiments were used in the American invasion force.	
Black volunteers were accepted for service in the Spanish-American War and black regiments were used in the American invasion force.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
United States contact with Hawaii began well before the Civil War.	
United States contact with Hawaii began well before the Civil War.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
The United States fought a brief naval war with England over the dispute concerning the border of Venezuela.	
The United States fought a brief naval war with England over the dispute concerning the border of Venezuela.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
By 1895 almost all the population of Hawaii's main islands was of European ancestry.	
By 1895 almost all the population of Hawaii's main islands was of European ancestry.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
The main trade commodity between the United States and Cuba was cotton.	
The main trade commodity between the United States and Cuba was cotton.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
The Spanish-American War was called the "splendid little war" because almost everything went smoothly and efficiently.	
The Spanish-American War was called the "splendid little war" because almost everything went smoothly and efficiently.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
24	24		
Theodore Roosevelt was a leader in the domestic opposition to the Spanish-American War.	
Theodore Roosevelt was a leader in the domestic opposition to the Spanish-American War.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
25	25		
The largest ground encounter of the Spanish-American War actually occurred in the Dominican Republic.	
The largest ground encounter of the Spanish-American War actually occurred in the Dominican Republic.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
26	26		
Emilio Aguinaldo was the principal leader of the Cuban nationalists until he died in a detention camp prior to American intervention.	
Emilio Aguinaldo was the principal leader of the Cuban nationalists until he died in a detention camp prior to American intervention.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
27	27		
Chinese "spheres of influence" referred to those Pacific Islands, including Samoa, where the United States had interests that were dominated by the Chinese navy.	
Chinese "spheres of influence" referred to those Pacific Islands, including Samoa, where the United States had interests that were dominated by the Chinese navy.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
28	28		
Alfred Thayer Mahan was the key leader of the anti-imperialist movement that tried to prevent U.S. annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines.	
Alfred Thayer Mahan was the key leader of the anti-imperialist movement that tried to prevent U.S. annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
29	29		
George Dewey led the American naval force that captured Manila Bay.	
George Dewey led the American naval force that captured Manila Bay.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
30	30		
When Puerto Rico was declared to be a U.S. territory and its residents were granted U.S. citizenship, all agitation for statehood or independence ended.	
When Puerto Rico was declared to be a U.S. territory and its residents were granted U.S. citizenship, all agitation for statehood or independence ended.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
How much policy difference was there between the Republicans and the Democrats in the Gilded Age?	
How much policy difference was there between the Republicans and the Democrats in the Gilded Age?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Compare and contrast the three major farm groups: the Grange, the Farmers' Alliances, and the Populists. Do you agree with historians who believe that Populism was a reasonable and realistic response to agrarian grievances?	
Compare and contrast the three major farm groups: the Grange, the Farmers' Alliances, and the Populists. Do you agree with historians who believe that Populism was a reasonable and realistic response to agrarian grievances?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
What were the basic positions in the currency debate? What constituencies tended to support the positions? Where did the issue stand by the turn of the century?	
What were the basic positions in the currency debate? What constituencies tended to support the positions? Where did the issue stand by the turn of the century?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
Compare and contrast the new and old concepts of Manifest Destiny. Look especially at the economic, philosophical, and racial motives for overseas expansion. Were these factors at work in the older continental expansionism?	
Compare and contrast the new and old concepts of Manifest Destiny. Look especially at the economic, philosophical, and racial motives for overseas expansion. Were these factors at work in the older continental expansionism?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
What hesitations and doubts about imperialism did Americans evince between 1865 and 1898? How did the Spanish-American War change all this?	
What hesitations and doubts about imperialism did Americans evince between 1865 and 1898? How did the Spanish-American War change all this?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6	6		
Was the Spanish-American conflict indeed a "splendid little war"? What was splendid about it? What was not so splendid?	
Was the Spanish-American conflict indeed a "splendid little war"? What was splendid about it? What was not so splendid?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7	7		
What parallels can be drawn between America's imperial aspirations and the way white Americans dealt with the American Indian?	
What parallels can be drawn between America's imperial aspirations and the way white Americans dealt with the American Indian?
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
How well balanced were the two major political parties between the Civil War and the turn of the century?	
How well balanced were the two major political parties between the Civil War and the turn of the century?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What explains the extraordinary loyalty that voters showed to their political parties in this period?	
What explains the extraordinary loyalty that voters showed to their political parties in this period?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What regional, religious, and ethnic factors distinguished the two major parties? Who was excluded from participation?	
What regional, religious, and ethnic factors distinguished the two major parties? Who was excluded from participation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What was the nature of the national government in the late nineteenth century?	
What was the nature of the national government in the late nineteenth century?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What was the patronage system, and how did it dominate national politics in the 1870s and 1880s? What was the role of Civil War pensions in this system?	
What was the patronage system, and how did it dominate national politics in the 1870s and 1880s? What was the role of Civil War pensions in this system?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
How did the assassination of James A. Garfield lead to the passage of the Pendleton Act and the beginning of the end of the patronage system?	
How did the assassination of James A. Garfield lead to the passage of the Pendleton Act and the beginning of the end of the patronage system?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
How did the tariff become the key issue in the 1888 presidential election? Where did Grover Cleveland and the Democrats stand? What was done about the issue during the Benjamin Harrison administration? How did the same issue affect the 1890 and 1892 elections?	
How did the tariff become the key issue in the 1888 presidential election? Where did Grover Cleveland and the Democrats stand? What was done about the issue during the Benjamin Harrison administration? How did the same issue affect the 1890 and 1892 elections?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
What led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act? What practical impact did it have?	
What led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act? What practical impact did it have?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
What caused the demise of state-based railroad regulation? How was the demise related to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act?	
What caused the demise of state-based railroad regulation? How was the demise related to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
Why was the Interstate Commerce Act so ineffectual?	
Why was the Interstate Commerce Act so ineffectual?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Explain the evolution of purpose and the accomplishments of the Grange. Why did it eventually fail?	
Explain the evolution of purpose and the accomplishments of the Grange. Why did it eventually fail?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What reforms did the Farmers' Alliances stand for? How did the movement transform into the People's Party?	
What reforms did the Farmers' Alliances stand for? How did the movement transform into the People's Party?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
Who was most attracted to populism? Why did the movement fail to obtain significant labor support?	
Who was most attracted to populism? Why did the movement fail to obtain significant labor support?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What doomed the possibilities for effective biracial cooperation among populists?	
What doomed the possibilities for effective biracial cooperation among populists?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What did the Populists stand for and what were their leaders like?	
What did the Populists stand for and what were their leaders like?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How, according to "Debating the Past," have historians differed in their interpretation of Populism?	
How, according to "Debating the Past," have historians differed in their interpretation of Populism?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What were the immediate and long-range causes of the Panic of 1893? How serious was the depression that followed?	
What were the immediate and long-range causes of the Panic of 1893? How serious was the depression that followed?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What developments after 1870 led to the coalition of farmers and miners on behalf of silver coinage?	
What developments after 1870 led to the coalition of farmers and miners on behalf of silver coinage?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Explain the debate over the gold standard. How did it divide the Democratic Party?	
Explain the debate over the gold standard. How did it divide the Democratic Party?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
How did the nomination of William Jennings Bryan as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896 put the Populists in a dilemma? How did they resolve it, and what was the result?	
How did the nomination of William Jennings Bryan as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896 put the Populists in a dilemma? How did they resolve it, and what was the result?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
Describe the passions of the 1896 campaign. Where did Bryan do well? Why did he lose?	
Describe the passions of the 1896 campaign. Where did Bryan do well? Why did he lose?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
How did President William McKinley handle the tariff and silver issues? What happened during his administration to help resolve the currency question?	
How did President William McKinley handle the tariff and silver issues? What happened during his administration to help resolve the currency question?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
What intellectual, economic, philosophical, and racial factors helped create a new national mood more receptive to overseas expansion?	
What intellectual, economic, philosophical, and racial factors helped create a new national mood more receptive to overseas expansion?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
How did American imperial actions compare to those of Great Britain and other European nations?	
How did American imperial actions compare to those of Great Britain and other European nations?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What developments in the late 1880s and mid-1890s demonstrated the increasing interest of the United States in Latin America?	
What developments in the late 1880s and mid-1890s demonstrated the increasing interest of the United States in Latin America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
How did American planters and missionaries transform the traditional society of the Hawaiian Islands?	
How did American planters and missionaries transform the traditional society of the Hawaiian Islands?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
How did Hawaii gradually get drawn into America's economic and political sphere?	
How did Hawaii gradually get drawn into America's economic and political sphere?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
How did the United States acquire part of Samoa?	
How did the United States acquire part of Samoa?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
What were the causes of American involvement in Cuban affairs? How was American public opinion shaped on these issues?	
What were the causes of American involvement in Cuban affairs? How was American public opinion shaped on these issues?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
What two incidents combined finally to pull the United States into war with Spain?	
What two incidents combined finally to pull the United States into war with Spain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
31	31		
Describe the American plans and preparations for the Spanish-American War. Why was the "splendid little war" so short?	
Describe the American plans and preparations for the Spanish-American War. Why was the "splendid little war" so short?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
32	32		
Describe the role that black soldiers played in the Spanish-American War. What tensions surfaced?	
Describe the role that black soldiers played in the Spanish-American War. What tensions surfaced?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
33	33		
What were the results of George Dewey's Philippine attack?	
What were the results of George Dewey's Philippine attack?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
34	34		
Describe the U.S. sea and land operations at Cuba. How did the U.S. manage to win despite poor planning and organization?	
Describe the U.S. sea and land operations at Cuba. How did the U.S. manage to win despite poor planning and organization?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
35	35		
Compare and contrast the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico before and after the Spanish-American War. What was the key to the Puerto Rican economy?	
Compare and contrast the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico before and after the Spanish-American War. What was the key to the Puerto Rican economy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
36	36		
What were the basic terms of the Treaty of Paris?	
What were the basic terms of the Treaty of Paris?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
37	37		
What arguments were raised for and against imperialism in general and the annexation of the Philippines in particular? Why did President McKinley favor annexation? What role did William Jennings Bryan play?	
What arguments were raised for and against imperialism in general and the annexation of the Philippines in particular? Why did President McKinley favor annexation? What role did William Jennings Bryan play?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
38	38		
Did the Platt Amendment and American actions in Cuba violate the spirit of the ostensible reasons that the United States went to war? Explain.	
Did the Platt Amendment and American actions in Cuba violate the spirit of the ostensible reasons that the United States went to war? Explain.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
39	39		
Explain the goals and tactics of the Philippine War. Was American policy in the war a repudiation of the ideals that had led the United States to help Cuba secure its independence?	
Explain the goals and tactics of the Philippine War. Was American policy in the war a repudiation of the ideals that had led the United States to help Cuba secure its independence?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
40	40		
How was the Open Door policy calculated to provide maximum commercial and diplomatic advantage at minimum cost?	
How was the Open Door policy calculated to provide maximum commercial and diplomatic advantage at minimum cost?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
41	41		
What changes from 1900 to 1903 gave the United States a more modern military establishment?	
What changes from 1900 to 1903 gave the United States a more modern military establishment?
==Chapter 21: America and the Great War==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Although Wilson had campaigned in 1912 on the principles of the New Freedom, in practice his first term went far toward enacting key principles of the	
Although Wilson had campaigned in 1912 on the principles of the New Freedom, in practice his first term went far toward enacting key principles of the
 	 		A)	New Deal.
 	 		B)	"Big Stick" America.
 	 		C)	western conservationists.
 	 		D)	Republican Old Guard.
 	 		E)	New Nationalism.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Theodore Roosevelt's mediation was important at the Portsmouth Peace Conference of 1905, which	
Theodore Roosevelt's mediation was important at the Portsmouth Peace Conference of 1905, which
 	 		A)	ended the Sino-Japanese War.
 	 		B)	ended the Russo-Japanese War.
 	 		C)	settled the Franco-German dispute over Morocco.
 	 		D)	settled the Venezuela boundary dispute with Great Britain.
 	 		E)	ended the Spanish-American War.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The aphorism "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was used by Roosevelt in reference to his	
The aphorism "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was used by Roosevelt in reference to his
 	 		A)	foreign policy.
 	 		B)	policy toward labor unions.
 	 		C)	technique when on safari in Africa.
 	 		D)	political strategy toward the Democrats.
 	 		E)	economic policy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Roosevelt based his distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" countries on	
Roosevelt based his distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" countries on
 	 		A)	race alone.
 	 		B)	economic development alone.
 	 		C)	both race and economic development.
 	 		D)	both race and military development.
 	 		E)	both military and economic development.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The main purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was to	
The main purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was to
 	 		A)	renounce the use of military force in Latin America.
 	 		B)	provide legal grounds for the extension of America's colonial empire in Latin America.
 	 		C)	justify U.S. military intervention in Latin America if necessary to forestall interference by European nations.
 	 		D)	provide a timetable for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Caribbean islands.
 	 		E)	justify U.S. intervention in the Russo-Japanese War.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
When Panamanian rebels started a revolt against the government of Colombia in 1903, the United States	
When Panamanian rebels started a revolt against the government of Colombia in 1903, the United States
 	 		A)	remained strictly neutral.
 	 		B)	intervened on the side of Colombia.
 	 		C)	contributed monetary support to both sides.
 	 		D)	called for a meeting of the Pan-American Union.
 	 		E)	intervened on the side of the rebels.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
William Howard Taft's policy of encouraging private American investments in underdeveloped regions of the world was given what label by some commentators?	
William Howard Taft's policy of encouraging private American investments in underdeveloped regions of the world was given what label by some commentators?
 	 		A)	Dollar Diplomacy
 	 		B)	Missionary Diplomacy
 	 		C)	The White Man's Burden
 	 		D)	The Good Neighbor Policy
 	 		E)	New Nationalism
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
Wilson refused to recognize the regime of Victoriano Huerta in Mexico because	
Wilson refused to recognize the regime of Victoriano Huerta in Mexico because
 	 		A)	he disapproved of its action in murdering political opponents.
 	 		B)	it would have been politically unpopular in the United States.
 	 		C)	he feared it was too leftist and would nationalize U.S. investments.
 	 		D)	he considered it a rebel government in exile, not the legitimate government.
 	 		E)	he insisted on reinforcing Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The result of the American military expeditions into Mexico in 1914 and 1916 was to	
The result of the American military expeditions into Mexico in 1914 and 1916 was to
 	 		A)	drive out German influence.
 	 		B)	remove a dictator and restore democracy.
 	 		C)	embitter U.S.-Mexico relations for several years.
 	 		D)	lead to more than a decade of occupation by the U.S. army.
 	 		E)	increase cultural exchange between the two countries.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The first two countries to begin fighting in the conflict that later became known as World War I were	
The first two countries to begin fighting in the conflict that later became known as World War I were
 	 		A)	Austria-Hungary and Serbia.
 	 		B)	Belgium and Germany.
 	 		C)	France and Italy.
 	 		D)	Russia and Poland.
 	 		E)	Austria-Hungary and Germany.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
In the early years of World War I, from 1914 to 1916, the United States	
In the early years of World War I, from 1914 to 1916, the United States
 	 		A)	became an arsenal for the Allies.
 	 		B)	maintained a genuinely neutral stance.
 	 		C)	remained politically and economically isolated from European affairs.
 	 		D)	became sympathetic toward the Central Powers because of the English blockade of Germany.
 	 		E)	became an arsenal for both the Allies and the Central Powers.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The chief rivalry in pre-World War I Europe was between	
The chief rivalry in pre-World War I Europe was between
 	 		A)	the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
 	 		B)	Great Britain and Germany.
 	 		C)	France and Russia.
 	 		D)	Russia and Germany.
 	 		E)	Great Britain and Austria-Hungary.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
President Wilson protested German violations of American neutrality more harshly than British violations because	
President Wilson protested German violations of American neutrality more harshly than British violations because
 	 		A)	he admired the British and favored their cause.
 	 		B)	of violent racism towards the German people.
 	 		C)	a profitable trade was resulting between the United States and the Allies.
 	 		D)	German actions cost some American lives.
 	 		E)	the Germans sunk the Lusitania.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Woodrow Wilson's reaction to the sinking of the Lusitania was to	
Woodrow Wilson's reaction to the sinking of the Lusitania was to
 	 		A)	ask Congress for a declaration of war.
 	 		B)	break diplomatic relations with Germany.
 	 		C)	impose a complete embargo on exports to both sides.
 	 		D)	declare war on Germany.
 	 		E)	demand assurances from Germany that such outrages would not recur.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
How did Wilson react to the question of military preparedness versus pacifism from 1914 to 1916?	
How did Wilson react to the question of military preparedness versus pacifism from 1914 to 1916?
 	 		A)	He was among the first leading Americans to urge a rapid military buildup.
 	 		B)	He was a consistent pacifist right up to the eve of the declaration of war.
 	 		C)	Initially opposed to a military buildup, by the end of 1915 he came to support preparedness.
 	 		D)	Initially a staunch militarist, early in 1915 he backed off from this bellicose posture for fear of antagonizing the Central Powers.
 	 		E)	After the sinking of the Lusitania, he was more insistent on pacifism.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
In the presidential election of 1916, the Democrats emphasized	
In the presidential election of 1916, the Democrats emphasized
 	 		A)	that Wilson had managed so far to keep the nation out of the European war.
 	 		B)	domestic issues strongly and almost ignored the European war as an issue.
 	 		C)	a belligerent stand against German violations of American neutral rights and that a Democratic victory for the president and Congress would lead to immediate military intervention on the Allied side.
 	 		D)	that the United States should take a firm stand against both German and British violations of American neutral rights and should not support or trade with either nation.
 	 		E)	that the United States would no longer be an arsenal for the Allies.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The significance of the Zimmermann telegram was that it	
The significance of the Zimmermann telegram was that it
 	 		A)	induced Mexico to join Germany as an ally.
 	 		B)	was the one catalyst that brought the United States into the war.
 	 		C)	showed that England was not negotiating in good faith.
 	 		D)	gave encouragement to the peace faction in the United States.
 	 		E)	inflamed American public opinion against Germany.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
The key immediate cause of the American declaration of war against Germany in the spring of 1917 was the	
The key immediate cause of the American declaration of war against Germany in the spring of 1917 was the
 	 		A)	sinking of the Sussex.
 	 		B)	Bolshevik revolution in Russia.
 	 		C)	reports of German atrocities against civilians.
 	 		D)	German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
 	 		E)	passage of the Zimmermann telegram.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The most immediate effect of American intervention in the war occurred	
The most immediate effect of American intervention in the war occurred
 	 		A)	in the air.
 	 		B)	at sea.
 	 		C)	on the ground in Europe.
 	 		D)	on the ground in Asia.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
Which of the following statements concerning the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) is true?	
Which of the following statements concerning the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) is true?
 	 		A)	The AEF broke the stalemate in favor of the Allies.
 	 		B)	Due to its inexperience, the AEF proved largely ineffective in actual combat.
 	 		C)	Due to the lateness of its arrival in Europe, the AEF saw relatively little significant combat.
 	 		D)	Casualties among the AEF were proportionately larger than among any of the other Allied armies.
 	 		E)	The AEF had to be supported by British troops.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
Which of the following was a principal method that the U.S. government used to finance the war effort?	
Which of the following was a principal method that the U.S. government used to finance the war effort?
 	 		A)	deficit spending and printing more Federal Reserve notes
 	 		B)	borrowing money from other countries
 	 		C)	increasing taxes on corporations, incomes, and inheritances
 	 		D)	cutting most forms of federal domestic spending, including education and welfare
 	 		E)	putting the economy back on the silver standard
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Herbert Hoover was significant to the American effort in World War I as head of the	
Herbert Hoover was significant to the American effort in World War I as head of the
 	 		A)	Rationing Board.
 	 		B)	Food Administration.
 	 		C)	War Industries Board.
 	 		D)	Industrial Workers of the World.
 	 		E)	Navy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
Labor unions	
Labor unions
 	 		A)	saw the war cause a decrease in membership.
 	 		B)	gave up the right to strike during the war in return for significant improvements for workers.
 	 		C)	gave up the right to strike during the war because they viewed such a decision as their patriotic duty.
 	 		D)	gained permanent advantages as a result of the war.
 	 		E)	never were a significant force due to the war.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
24	24		
Such expressions as "liberty cabbage" and "liberty sausage," as used during World War I, were an indication of	
Such expressions as "liberty cabbage" and "liberty sausage," as used during World War I, were an indication of
 	 		A)	food shortages in America.
 	 		B)	American food relief to Belgium.
 	 		C)	American hostile reaction to things German.
 	 		D)	American patriotic fervor to increase the food supply by planting home "victory gardens."
 	 		E)	American fervor to win the war.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
25	25		
The main purpose of the Committee on Public Information, during World War I, was to	
The main purpose of the Committee on Public Information, during World War I, was to
 	 		A)	inform American consumers about wartime regulations and restrictions on food, gasoline, nylon, and the like.
 	 		B)	infiltrate behind German lines and distribute flyers to the German and occupied citizens urging them to undermine the war effort.
 	 		C)	gather data about troop movements and plans of the Central Powers.
 	 		D)	report to American newspapers the status of the war.
 	 		E)	disseminate pro-war propaganda and promote public support of the war in the United States.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
26	26		
Who of the following was NOT one of the principal figures along with Wilson in the Versailles negotiations?	
Who of the following was NOT one of the principal figures along with Wilson in the Versailles negotiations?
 	 		A)	Lloyd George
 	 		B)	Bernard Baruch
 	 		C)	Vittorio Orlando
 	 		D)	Georges Clemenceau
 	 		E)	Woodrow Wilson
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
27	27		
Which of the following was NOT included in Wilson's Fourteen Points?	
Which of the following was NOT included in Wilson's Fourteen Points?
 	 		A)	freedom of the seas
 	 		B)	reduction in armaments
 	 		C)	reparations from those guilty of starting the war
 	 		D)	removal of economic barriers to trade between nations
 	 		E)	creation of a League of Nations
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
28	28		
Which of the following nations was NOT represented at the Paris Peace Conference?	
Which of the following nations was NOT represented at the Paris Peace Conference?
 	 		A)	France
 	 		B)	Italy
 	 		C)	Britain
 	 		D)	Russia
 	 		E)	United States
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
29	29		
Both the Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case may be cited as evidence in the aftermath of World War I of the depth of feeling in America against	
Both the Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case may be cited as evidence in the aftermath of World War I of the depth of feeling in America against
 	 		A)	radicalism.
 	 		B)	German-Americans.
 	 		C)	Italian-Americans.
 	 		D)	internationalism.
 	 		E)	Jewish immigrants.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
30	30		
In the first few years after World War I, relations between blacks and whites in America were generally characterized by	
In the first few years after World War I, relations between blacks and whites in America were generally characterized by
 	 		A)	grudging acceptance due to common economic distress.
 	 		B)	extreme resentment, race riots, and numerous lynchings.
 	 		C)	relative cordiality due to the blacks' gallant service in the war.
 	 		D)	notable improvement due to new legal safeguards for blacks, which had been enacted during the Progressive period.
 	 		E)	peaceful separation.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Theodore Roosevelt believed that the United States should reduce its world commitments and concentrate instead on domestic reform.	
Theodore Roosevelt believed that the United States should reduce its world commitments and concentrate instead on domestic reform.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
William Howard Taft's approach to foreign policy was given the nickname "Dollar Diplomacy."	
William Howard Taft's approach to foreign policy was given the nickname "Dollar Diplomacy."
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The United States military intervened in Mexican affairs during Woodrow Wilson's administration.	
The United States military intervened in Mexican affairs during Woodrow Wilson's administration.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
For the first part of World War I, Russia was an ally of Great Britain and France.	
For the first part of World War I, Russia was an ally of Great Britain and France.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
At the time of its sinking by German submarine, the British ocean liner Lusitania was carrying munitions as well as passengers.	
At the time of its sinking by German submarine, the British ocean liner Lusitania was carrying munitions as well as passengers.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Woodrow Wilson's victorious presidential campaign in 1916 was significantly aided by his pledge that the United States would enter World War I on the Allied side if he were reelected.	
Woodrow Wilson's victorious presidential campaign in 1916 was significantly aided by his pledge that the United States would enter World War I on the Allied side if he were reelected.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The episode involving the intercepted telegram from Arthur Zimmermann concerned American relations with Mexico.	
The episode involving the intercepted telegram from Arthur Zimmermann concerned American relations with Mexico.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
Although German scientists had developed chemical weapons such as mustard gas, they never used them for fear that the Allies would retaliate with their own poison gas.	
Although German scientists had developed chemical weapons such as mustard gas, they never used them for fear that the Allies would retaliate with their own poison gas.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
9. The most immediate effect that the U.S. had on the war once it joined was at sea versus German U-boats.	
9. The most immediate effect that the U.S. had on the war once it joined was at sea versus German U-boats.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The biggest defeat of American ground forces in World War I was in the Argonne Forest.	
The biggest defeat of American ground forces in World War I was in the Argonne Forest.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
In order to keep support for the war high, the federal government chose to raise all extra funds by selling war bonds rather than raising taxes.	
In order to keep support for the war high, the federal government chose to raise all extra funds by selling war bonds rather than raising taxes.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
As President Wilson's principle economic advisor during World War I, Bernard Baruch adopted a hands-off policy and let market forces determine wartime industrial output.	
As President Wilson's principle economic advisor during World War I, Bernard Baruch adopted a hands-off policy and let market forces determine wartime industrial output.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Government action during World War I pressured industry to grant concessions to labor such as the eight-hour day and union recognition.	
Government action during World War I pressured industry to grant concessions to labor such as the eight-hour day and union recognition.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Unlike France and Great Britain, where opposition to the war was treated harshly, the United States allowed dissidents to speak and operate freely without supervision or harassment.	
Unlike France and Great Britain, where opposition to the war was treated harshly, the United States allowed dissidents to speak and operate freely without supervision or harassment.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
A major category of Wilson's Fourteen Points concerned the aspirations for postwar European boundaries and self-determination for the people of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires.	
A major category of Wilson's Fourteen Points concerned the aspirations for postwar European boundaries and self-determination for the people of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
Wilson's Fourteen Points contained proposals for an alliance of western European powers against the newly created Soviet Union.	
Wilson's Fourteen Points contained proposals for an alliance of western European powers against the newly created Soviet Union.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
When Wilson traveled to Paris for the peace conference, he visited several European cities and encountered considerable public hostility toward his idealistic ideas for peace.	
When Wilson traveled to Paris for the peace conference, he visited several European cities and encountered considerable public hostility toward his idealistic ideas for peace.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
In the United States Senate the leader of the opposition to Wilson, the treaty, and the League of Nations was Henry Cabot Lodge.	
In the United States Senate the leader of the opposition to Wilson, the treaty, and the League of Nations was Henry Cabot Lodge.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Considering Roosevelt's and Wilson's personalities and proposals, what would have happened to foreign policy if Roosevelt had won the Republican nomination in 1912 and become president again?	
Considering Roosevelt's and Wilson's personalities and proposals, what would have happened to foreign policy if Roosevelt had won the Republican nomination in 1912 and become president again?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
How did the Spanish-American War set the stage for America's Latin American policy in the early twentieth century?	
How did the Spanish-American War set the stage for America's Latin American policy in the early twentieth century?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Was American involvement in World War I inevitable? What forces worked to maintain neutrality? What forces propelled the country away from neutrality and into full belligerency?	
Was American involvement in World War I inevitable? What forces worked to maintain neutrality? What forces propelled the country away from neutrality and into full belligerency?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
Describe the suffering that the Great War visited on Europe. Why is it said that the United States emerged from the war as "the only real victor"?	
Describe the suffering that the Great War visited on Europe. Why is it said that the United States emerged from the war as "the only real victor"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5	5		
Despite his tumultuous reception by the people of Europe and the generally favorable response he received on his tour in the western United States, Wilson faced troublesome opposition from both European statesmen and the United States senators. Why did he encounter such intransigence? Did he respond in a rational and politically effective way?	
Despite his tumultuous reception by the people of Europe and the generally favorable response he received on his tour in the western United States, Wilson faced troublesome opposition from both European statesmen and the United States senators. Why did he encounter such intransigence? Did he respond in a rational and politically effective way?
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
Explain Roosevelt's distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations. How did sea power fit into his vision?	
Explain Roosevelt's distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations. How did sea power fit into his vision?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What was the course of relations between the United States and Japan during Roosevelt's presidency?	
What was the course of relations between the United States and Japan during Roosevelt's presidency?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What were the general and immediate motivations for the proclamation of the Roosevelt Corollary? What pattern of Latin American policy and intervention did it establish?	
What were the general and immediate motivations for the proclamation of the Roosevelt Corollary? What pattern of Latin American policy and intervention did it establish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
Describe the methods that the United States used to acquire rights to construct the Panama Canal? Why were these actions criticized?	
Describe the methods that the United States used to acquire rights to construct the Panama Canal? Why were these actions criticized?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What was the central focus of William Howard Taft's foreign policy? What nickname was it given?	
What was the central focus of William Howard Taft's foreign policy? What nickname was it given?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What were Wilson's actions in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua? Were they consistent with the Roosevelt Corollary?	
What were Wilson's actions in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua? Were they consistent with the Roosevelt Corollary?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
Why did Wilson take sides in the Mexican governmental turmoil? Describe the two interventions and their results.	
Why did Wilson take sides in the Mexican governmental turmoil? Describe the two interventions and their results.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
How and where did World War I begin?	
How and where did World War I begin?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Which nations were referred to as the Allies and Central Powers in World War I?	
Which nations were referred to as the Allies and Central Powers in World War I?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What general influences and German actions forced President Woodrow Wilson out of his professed stance of true neutrality?	
What general influences and German actions forced President Woodrow Wilson out of his professed stance of true neutrality?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Before 1917, how did Wilson balance the demands for preparedness and the cries for peace? What effect did his position have on the 1916 election?	
Before 1917, how did Wilson balance the demands for preparedness and the cries for peace? What effect did his position have on the 1916 election?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What key events early in 1917 combined to finally bring the United States fully into World War I?	
What key events early in 1917 combined to finally bring the United States fully into World War I?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
On what aspect of the war did American entry have the most immediate effect? Explain.	
On what aspect of the war did American entry have the most immediate effect? Explain.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What impact did events in Russia have on the need for American land forces in Europe?	
What impact did events in Russia have on the need for American land forces in Europe?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What role did American ground forces play in the conflict?	
What role did American ground forces play in the conflict?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
What were the new technologies used in World War I? How did they change the nature of warfare?	
What were the new technologies used in World War I? How did they change the nature of warfare?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
On what two methods did the Wilson administration depend to finance the war effort? How did the war cost compare with the typical peacetime budgets of that era?	
On what two methods did the Wilson administration depend to finance the war effort? How did the war cost compare with the typical peacetime budgets of that era?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
Describe how the various "war boards" were organized. What were the roles of the War Industries Board (WIB) and the National War Labor Board?	
Describe how the various "war boards" were organized. What were the roles of the War Industries Board (WIB) and the National War Labor Board?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
What tactics did the Committee on Public Information (CPI) employ to propagandize the American people into unquestioning support of the war effort?	
What tactics did the Committee on Public Information (CPI) employ to propagandize the American people into unquestioning support of the war effort?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
In what ways did the government use the Sedition Act and related legislation to suppress criticism? Who suffered most?	
In what ways did the government use the Sedition Act and related legislation to suppress criticism? Who suffered most?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
What private acts created a climate of repression during the War?	
What private acts created a climate of repression during the War?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
Into what three major categories did the Fourteen Points fall?	
Into what three major categories did the Fourteen Points fall?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
What obstacles did Wilson face in getting the European leaders to accept his approach to peace? What domestic development weakened his position?	
What obstacles did Wilson face in getting the European leaders to accept his approach to peace? What domestic development weakened his position?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
Despite President Wilson's disappointments at Versailles, what was his most visible triumph?	
Despite President Wilson's disappointments at Versailles, what was his most visible triumph?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
Who were the main domestic opponents of American entry into the League of Nations? What were the two categories of opponents? How much of the blame for the treaty's defeat must be laid on Wilson himself?	
Who were the main domestic opponents of American entry into the League of Nations? What were the two categories of opponents? How much of the blame for the treaty's defeat must be laid on Wilson himself?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What happened to the American economy in the postwar years, 1919-1921?	
What happened to the American economy in the postwar years, 1919-1921?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
What inspired the labor unrest of 1919, and what were the most important strikes? What was the public reaction to the wave of strikes?	
What inspired the labor unrest of 1919, and what were the most important strikes? What was the public reaction to the wave of strikes?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
Describe how African-American military and industrial contributions during World War I raised black aspirations. What resulted after the War?	
Describe how African-American military and industrial contributions during World War I raised black aspirations. What resulted after the War?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
What led to the string of race riots during and shortly after the war? What were the riots like, and where was the first episode?	
What led to the string of race riots during and shortly after the war? What were the riots like, and where was the first episode?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
What inspired the Red Scare of 1919 to 1920? Was the threat real or imagined?	
What inspired the Red Scare of 1919 to 1920? Was the threat real or imagined?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
31	31		
What did the results of the election of 1920 indicate about the mood of the American people?	
What did the results of the election of 1920 indicate about the mood of the American people?
==Chapter 25: The Global Crisis, 1921-1945==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Which of the following best characterized American foreign policy during the 1920s and 1930s?	
Which of the following best characterized American foreign policy during the 1920s and 1930s?
 	 		A)	strict isolationism
 	 		B)	cooperative internationalism
 	 		C)	limited internationalism
 	 		D)	moral internationalism
 	 		E)	limited isolationism
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 pledged the signatory nations to	
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 pledged the signatory nations to
 	 		A)	join the League of Nations.
 	 		B)	respect the Open Door policy in China.
 	 		C)	collect old war debt from Germany.
 	 		D)	establish a binding regional-security military alliance with one another.
 	 		E)	renounce war as an instrument of national policy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The Dawes Plan	
The Dawes Plan
 	 		A)	allowed the U.S. to forgive German war debts from World War I.
 	 		B)	gave Germany American loans so it could pay its war debts to France and England.
 	 		C)	forced Germany to pay its reparations to the U.S. on a quicker schedule.
 	 		D)	significantly improved the economic problems in Europe.
 	 		E)	called for a group of nations to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
How did the Hoover administration respond to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria?	
How did the Hoover administration respond to the Japanese conquest of Manchuria?
 	 		A)	It supported the Japanese action.
 	 		B)	It imposed economic sanctions on the Japanese.
 	 		C)	It supported the Chinese by lending money.
 	 		D)	It ordered the Pacific fleet to stand by off the China coast.
 	 		E)	It refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the new Japanese territories.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
In 1933, the United States finally recognized the government of communist Russia, in part because the	
In 1933, the United States finally recognized the government of communist Russia, in part because the
 	 		A)	United States hoped for substantial trade with Russia.
 	 		B)	United States felt it needed a new ally against Hitler.
 	 		C)	Soviet Union completely abandoned support of the Comintern.
 	 		D)	communists had established their legitimacy through free elections.
 	 		E)	United States hoped Russia would provide loans to spur along the American economy.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Official recognition of the Soviet regime in Russia by the American government in 1933 resulted in	
Official recognition of the Soviet regime in Russia by the American government in 1933 resulted in
 	 		A)	increased understanding and appreciation of the theories of communism by most Americans.
 	 		B)	plans by which the Soviet Union and the United States intended to contain expansion by fascist governments.
 	 		C)	significantly increased sales of American manufactured goods inside the Soviet Union.
 	 		D)	relatively little change in the mutual mistrust which had characterized Soviet-American relations in the past.
 	 		E)	a significant backlash against communism in America.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
With regard to Latin America, Herbert Hoover	
With regard to Latin America, Herbert Hoover
 	 		A)	relied on "dollar diplomacy" as William H. Taft had.
 	 		B)	returned to military intervention as Woodrow Wilson had.
 	 		C)	renounced the Monroe Doctrine and encouraged western European intervention.
 	 		D)	repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary and refused to send in U.S. troops when Caribbean nations got into debt problems and political instability.
 	 		E)	was urged into isolationism by those disillusioned by the League of Nations.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Good Neighbor policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt applied specifically to	
The Good Neighbor policy of Franklin D. Roosevelt applied specifically to
 	 		A)	Canada.
 	 		B)	Great Britain.
 	 		C)	Latin America.
 	 		D)	the Philippines.
 	 		E)	Japan.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The Nye committee reached the conclusion that an important factor leading the United States into war in 1917 was the	
The Nye committee reached the conclusion that an important factor leading the United States into war in 1917 was the
 	 		A)	threat to the balance of power in Europe.
 	 		B)	power vacuum created by the decline of Turkey.
 	 		C)	threat to the security of American ships.
 	 		D)	need to protect American overseas colonial possessions.
 	 		E)	need to protect American bank loans to the Allies.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were based on the assumption that the United States could stay out of war by	
The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were based on the assumption that the United States could stay out of war by
 	 		A)	ending the Depression.
 	 		B)	freeing all American colonies.
 	 		C)	staying out of the League of Nations.
 	 		D)	banning arms sales to countries at war.
 	 		E)	refusing to loan money to belligerent nations.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Which of the following place names most readily brings to mind appeasement of the Nazis?	
Which of the following place names most readily brings to mind appeasement of the Nazis?
 	 		A)	Dunkirk
 	 		B)	Munich
 	 		C)	Stockholm
 	 		D)	Warsaw
 	 		E)	Paris
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Which of the following nations did NOT sign the Five-Power Pact of 1922?	
Which of the following nations did NOT sign the Five-Power Pact of 1922?
 	 		A)	England
 	 		B)	Japan
 	 		C)	Russia
 	 		D)	Italy
 	 		E)	France
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Which of the following names refers to the German-occupied government of France?	
Which of the following names refers to the German-occupied government of France?
 	 		A)	Dunkirk
 	 		B)	Vichy
 	 		C)	Munich
 	 		D)	Warsaw
 	 		E)	Paris
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Which of the following place names is associated with the daring British naval evacuation of troops from the continent?	
Which of the following place names is associated with the daring British naval evacuation of troops from the continent?
 	 		A)	Dunkirk
 	 		B)	Vichy
 	 		C)	Normandy
 	 		D)	Warsaw
 	 		E)	Pearl Harbor
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Rather than being a pure isolationist, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the United States to exert its influence internationally but in a way that reflected U.S. interests and virtues and avoided obligations to other nations.	
Rather than being a pure isolationist, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the United States to exert its influence internationally but in a way that reflected U.S. interests and virtues and avoided obligations to other nations.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Secretary of State Charles Evan Hughes was the key figure in resisting efforts to significantly reduce the size of the American naval establishment after World War I.	
Secretary of State Charles Evan Hughes was the key figure in resisting efforts to significantly reduce the size of the American naval establishment after World War I.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The Dawes Plan of international finance granted France and Britain a moratorium on payment of war debts to the United States as long as Germany remained unable to make timely war reparations payments to them.	
The Dawes Plan of international finance granted France and Britain a moratorium on payment of war debts to the United States as long as Germany remained unable to make timely war reparations payments to them.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Herbert Hoover tried to improve U.S. relations with Latin America by declining to intervene militarily in the affairs of the neighboring nations.	
Herbert Hoover tried to improve U.S. relations with Latin America by declining to intervene militarily in the affairs of the neighboring nations.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
When Japan invaded northern Manchuria and territories even deeper into China in 1931-1932, President Hoover cooperated with the League of Nations in imposing economic sanctions against Japanese aggression.	
When Japan invaded northern Manchuria and territories even deeper into China in 1931-1932, President Hoover cooperated with the League of Nations in imposing economic sanctions against Japanese aggression.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
President Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" policy renounced the approach of nonintervention that President Hoover had begun.	
President Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" policy renounced the approach of nonintervention that President Hoover had begun.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
A major reason that the United States decided in 1933 to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union was that many Americans regarded Russia as a fertile source for trade expansion.	
A major reason that the United States decided in 1933 to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union was that many Americans regarded Russia as a fertile source for trade expansion.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
One point feeding isolationist sentiment in the 1930s was the Nye Committee charge that war profiteers in banking and industry had pressured the United States to enter World War I.	
One point feeding isolationist sentiment in the 1930s was the Nye Committee charge that war profiteers in banking and industry had pressured the United States to enter World War I.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
In the Spanish Civil War, Hitler and Mussolini supported Francisco Franco while the governments of France, Great Britain, and the United States provided military assistance to the republican cause.	
In the Spanish Civil War, Hitler and Mussolini supported Francisco Franco while the governments of France, Great Britain, and the United States provided military assistance to the republican cause.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The Panay incident brought the United States and Japan close to war in 1937 when an American battleship accidentally sank a Japanese patrol boat.	
The Panay incident brought the United States and Japan close to war in 1937 when an American battleship accidentally sank a Japanese patrol boat.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
In the Munich Accords of 1938, the French and British agreed to accept the German demands in Czechoslovakia in return for Hitler's promise to expand no further.	
In the Munich Accords of 1938, the French and British agreed to accept the German demands in Czechoslovakia in return for Hitler's promise to expand no further.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The generally acknowledged "beginning of World War II" came with the German blitzkrieg against France and the Low Countries in June 1940.	
The generally acknowledged "beginning of World War II" came with the German blitzkrieg against France and the Low Countries in June 1940.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Agricultural Secretary Henry A. Wallace, President Roosevelt's choice for vice president in 1940, was unpopular with many Democrats because he was perceived as too liberal and too controversial.	
Agricultural Secretary Henry A. Wallace, President Roosevelt's choice for vice president in 1940, was unpopular with many Democrats because he was perceived as too liberal and too controversial.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
In the 1940 election, Republican nominee Wendell Willkie took a strong stance against President Roosevelt's policy of assisting France and Great Britain without actually entering the war.	
In the 1940 election, Republican nominee Wendell Willkie took a strong stance against President Roosevelt's policy of assisting France and Great Britain without actually entering the war.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
The U.S. Congress declared war on Germany and Italy before those nations could declare war on the United States.	
The U.S. Congress declared war on Germany and Italy before those nations could declare war on the United States.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
How isolationist was the United States in the 1920s? Was the dual policy of economic penetration and arms limitation an effective approach?	
How isolationist was the United States in the 1920s? Was the dual policy of economic penetration and arms limitation an effective approach?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Compare and contrast the American reactions to World Wars I and II. Explain the relationship between attitudes toward World War I and the isolationist sentiment and neutrality legislation of the 1930s.	
Compare and contrast the American reactions to World Wars I and II. Explain the relationship between attitudes toward World War I and the isolationist sentiment and neutrality legislation of the 1930s.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
How close to full involvement in World War II in Europe and/or Asia was the United States prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor! Was full entry likely?	
How close to full involvement in World War II in Europe and/or Asia was the United States prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor! Was full entry likely?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
What did the Washington Conference accomplish?	
What did the Washington Conference accomplish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
Describe the circular pattern of international finance established by the Dawes Plan. What was the result?	
Describe the circular pattern of international finance established by the Dawes Plan. What was the result?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
How did President Hoover reshape U.S. policy toward Latin America?	
How did President Hoover reshape U.S. policy toward Latin America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
How did the Hoover administration deal with Japanese expansionism?	
How did the Hoover administration deal with Japanese expansionism?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
How did Roosevelt break with Hoover on the matter of economic relations with Europe?	
How did Roosevelt break with Hoover on the matter of economic relations with Europe?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
In what ways did the Good Neighbor policy of Roosevelt build on Hoover's Latin American policy?	
In what ways did the Good Neighbor policy of Roosevelt build on Hoover's Latin American policy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
What ideas and developments fed isolationist sentiment in the first half of the 1930s? What was Roosevelt's position?	
What ideas and developments fed isolationist sentiment in the first half of the 1930s? What was Roosevelt's position?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
Why did the Roosevelt administration extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union? What was the effect of this action?	
Why did the Roosevelt administration extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union? What was the effect of this action?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Taken as a whole, what were the basic provisions and central purpose of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937?	
Taken as a whole, what were the basic provisions and central purpose of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
How did President Roosevelt's responses to the Spanish-American War and the Japanese actions in China illustrate the political strength of isolationist sentiment?	
How did President Roosevelt's responses to the Spanish-American War and the Japanese actions in China illustrate the political strength of isolationist sentiment?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Explain the Sino-Japanese War. How did it lay the groundwork for the conflict with America in World War II?	
Explain the Sino-Japanese War. How did it lay the groundwork for the conflict with America in World War II?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What German moves and diplomatic failures led to the start of World War II in Europe? What role did the Soviet Union play in the road to war?	
What German moves and diplomatic failures led to the start of World War II in Europe? What role did the Soviet Union play in the road to war?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
How did Roosevelt manage to aid Great Britain in 1939 and 1940 in various ways short of war?	
How did Roosevelt manage to aid Great Britain in 1939 and 1940 in various ways short of war?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What naval warfare led the United States to the brink of war in Europe?	
What naval warfare led the United States to the brink of war in Europe?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What was the basic war aim set out in the Atlantic Charter?	
What was the basic war aim set out in the Atlantic Charter?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
Describe the events in Asia that brought Japan into conflict with the United States. How close to war was the nation prior to the Pearl Harbor attack?	
Describe the events in Asia that brought Japan into conflict with the United States. How close to war was the nation prior to the Pearl Harbor attack?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
Why could the attack on Pearl Harbor be considered a tactical victory but a political blunder by the Japanese?	
Why could the attack on Pearl Harbor be considered a tactical victory but a political blunder by the Japanese?
==Chapter 27: The Cold War==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied conduct of World War II?	
Which of the following was the most important source of Soviet resentment about Allied conduct of World War II?
 	 		A)	the slowness of the Allies in opening a major second front
 	 		B)	the fact that Russia was not invited to the Casablanca Conference
 	 		C)	the refusal of the United States to include Russia in the lend lease program
 	 		D)	the refusal of the United States to have any official dealing with a communist government
 	 		E)	the refusal of the United States to offer loans to Russia
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to	
An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to
 	 		A)	hasten the end of the war.
 	 		B)	destroy the morale of the Axis powers.
 	 		C)	encourage the Italians to split with Germany.
 	 		D)	reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone.
 	 		E)	ensure Germany never rearmed again.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to	
At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to
 	 		A)	join the United Nations.
 	 		B)	enter the war against Japan.
 	 		C)	give up reparations from Germany.
 	 		D)	give up claims to Polish territory.
 	 		E)	support the dropping of an atomic bomb in Japan.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for	
With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for
 	 		A)	permanent Soviet occupation.
 	 		B)	a system of United Nations mandates.
 	 		C)	permanent U.S. occupation.
 	 		D)	the withdrawal of the Red Army and immediate self-government.
 	 		E)	interim governments and subsequent free elections.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets	
President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets
 	 		A)	mirrored that of President Roosevelt.
 	 		B)	resulted in a diplomatic victory at Potsdam.
 	 		C)	was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam.
 	 		D)	placed him in conflict with Winston Churchill.
 	 		E)	mirrored that of Winston Churchill.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's Communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia?	
When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's Communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia?
 	 		A)	India
 	 		B)	Indonesia
 	 		C)	Taiwan
 	 		D)	the Philippines
 	 		E)	Japan
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with	
The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with
 	 		A)	Douglas MacArthur.
 	 		B)	George F. Kennan.
 	 		C)	George C. Marshall.
 	 		D)	Henry A. Wallace.
 	 		E)	Harry Truman.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in	
The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in
 	 		A)	Egypt.
 	 		B)	Latin America.
 	 		C)	Western Europe.
 	 		D)	Greece and Turkey.
 	 		E)	China.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that	
The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that
 	 		A)	the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery.
 	 		B)	communist influence actually increased in the countries receiving the aid.
 	 		C)	the United States economy was nearly bankrupted by this giveaway program.
 	 		D)	the recipient nations engaged in bitter competition with one another to gain the largest share of the aid.
 	 		E)	communism would be contained to certain countries.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Four of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which is the exception?	
Four of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	It established the CIA.
 	 		B)	It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
 	 		C)	It created the National Security Council.
 	 		D)	It combined the functions of secretary of war and secretary of navy under one secretary of defense.
 	 		E)	It abolished the Office of Strategic Services.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to	
Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to
 	 		A)	abandon the Western-occupied portions of Berlin.
 	 		B)	create a policy of containment.
 	 		C)	give up plans for uniting the three Western zones of Germany.
 	 		D)	use military force to break the blockade of land routes into Berlin.
 	 		E)	airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must	
The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must
 	 		A)	consider an attack on one as an attack on all.
 	 		B)	refer all cases of armed aggression to the United Nations.
 	 		C)	confer with one another in case of an attack on any member.
 	 		D)	encourage belligerent members not to go to war.
 	 		E)	None of these answers is correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese Communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers	
Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese Communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers
 	 		A)	were executed.
 	 		B)	were imprisoned.
 	 		C)	fled to Thailand (Burma).
 	 		D)	fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).
 	 		E)	committed suicide.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of World War II?	
Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of World War II?
 	 		A)	a multi-billion dollar tax cut
 	 		B)	the release of pent-up civilian consumer demand
 	 		C)	significant government spending for veterans' benefits
 	 		D)	the Allies' repayment of war loans
 	 		E)	military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the	
Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the
 	 		A)	Fair Deal.
 	 		B)	Square Deal.
 	 		C)	New Frontier.
 	 		D)	New Deal Revisited.
 	 		E)	containment.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that	
The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that
 	 		A)	Truman's domestic policy won a vote of confidence.
 	 		B)	the voting public demanded more radical governmental reforms.
 	 		C)	the Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate.
 	 		D)	in a political upset, the Democrats regained control of both the House and the Senate.
 	 		E)	the Republicans won control of the House but not the Senate.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to	
Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to
 	 		A)	farming.
 	 		B)	big business.
 	 		C)	veterans.
 	 		D)	southern conservatives.
 	 		E)	organized labor.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on _________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressives opposed Truman's _________ policy.	
In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on _________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressives opposed Truman's _________ policy.
 	 		A)	civil rights, confrontational Cold War
 	 		B)	the Cold War, aggressive civil rights
 	 		C)	economic reconversion, Social Security system
 	 		D)	the Social Security system, economic reconversion
 	 		E)	Social Security, confrontational Cold War
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting four of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did Congress NOT approve?	
After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting four of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did Congress NOT approve?
 	 		A)	increase of the minimum wage
 	 		B)	expansion of the Social Security system
 	 		C)	federal construction of low-income housing
 	 		D)	creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission
 	 		E)	passage of the National Housing Act
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was	
When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was
 	 		A)	occupied entirely by United States forces.
 	 		B)	occupied by the same four powers as in Germany.
 	 		C)	united under the nationalist government of Syngman Rhee.
 	 		D)	occupied entirely by the Soviet Union.
 	 		E)	divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea?	
What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea?
 	 		A)	the incompetence of American troops
 	 		B)	the resilience of the North Korean army
 	 		C)	Soviet intervention in the conflict
 	 		D)	Chinese intervention in the conflict
 	 		E)	lack of support by the American people
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Which of the following was part of the Truman administration's "loyalty" program?	
Which of the following was part of the Truman administration's "loyalty" program?
 	 		A)	the investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee
 	 		B)	the McCarran Act
 	 		C)	the Hiss case
 	 		D)	the Rosenberg case
 	 		E)	the Taft-Hartley Act
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
At the Teheran Conference in November 1943, despite some tension and unresolved issues, Roosevelt and Stalin established a cordial personal relationship and the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war in the Pacific after the end of hostilities in Europe.	
At the Teheran Conference in November 1943, despite some tension and unresolved issues, Roosevelt and Stalin established a cordial personal relationship and the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war in the Pacific after the end of hostilities in Europe.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
At the Yalta Conference Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to the basic plan for the United Nations, which included a Security Council with permanent membership for the United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union.	
At the Yalta Conference Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to the basic plan for the United Nations, which included a Security Council with permanent membership for the United States, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
The communist victory in China in 1949 increased U.S. resolve to keep Japan economically weak so that the Japanese would not be tempted to renew aggression against China.	
The communist victory in China in 1949 increased U.S. resolve to keep Japan economically weak so that the Japanese would not be tempted to renew aggression against China.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The specific conflict that inspired President Truman to issue the "Truman Doctrine" involved a dispute between Poland and Hungary.	
The specific conflict that inspired President Truman to issue the "Truman Doctrine" involved a dispute between Poland and Hungary.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The NSC-68 report was rejected by President Truman because it pointed out the high cost of containment and suggested that an arms race would delay economic recovery.	
The NSC-68 report was rejected by President Truman because it pointed out the high cost of containment and suggested that an arms race would delay economic recovery.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
Shortly after World War II, there was a sharp rise in labor unrest marked by major strikes in the automobile, electrical, steel, and coal industries.	
Shortly after World War II, there was a sharp rise in labor unrest marked by major strikes in the automobile, electrical, steel, and coal industries.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
As soon as Chiang Kai-shek and his forces fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan), the United States officially recognized Mao Zedong's regime as the government of mainland China.	
As soon as Chiang Kai-shek and his forces fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan), the United States officially recognized Mao Zedong's regime as the government of mainland China.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The United States originally offered to include the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites in the Marshall Plan for economic recovery.	
The United States originally offered to include the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites in the Marshall Plan for economic recovery.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Stalin blockaded access to Berlin so as to pressure the United States, Britain, and France to merge their zones of occupation into one unit as West Germany.	
Stalin blockaded access to Berlin so as to pressure the United States, Britain, and France to merge their zones of occupation into one unit as West Germany.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
President Truman's "Fair Deal," including the Taft-Hartley Act, was designed mainly as a conservative reaction to the reforms of the New Deal.	
President Truman's "Fair Deal," including the Taft-Hartley Act, was designed mainly as a conservative reaction to the reforms of the New Deal.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
After President Truman's unexpected victory in 1948, Congress quickly passed almost all of his "Fair Deal" agenda.	
After President Truman's unexpected victory in 1948, Congress quickly passed almost all of his "Fair Deal" agenda.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Congress passed the "right-to-work" bill in order to guarantee work to any American unable to find a job, but it was killed by a Truman veto.	
Congress passed the "right-to-work" bill in order to guarantee work to any American unable to find a job, but it was killed by a Truman veto.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The Korean War began in 1950 when military forces of the communist North invaded the pro-Western South.	
The Korean War began in 1950 when military forces of the communist North invaded the pro-Western South.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The investigation by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) exposed convincing evidence that communist agents had thoroughly infiltrated the U.S. Department of State during World War II while the United States was officially allied with the Soviet Union against Germany.	
The investigation by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) exposed convincing evidence that communist agents had thoroughly infiltrated the U.S. Department of State during World War II while the United States was officially allied with the Soviet Union against Germany.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Congress passed the McCarran Internal Security Act in order to prevent Senator Joseph McCarthy from extending his "Red Scare" hearing to the army.	
Congress passed the McCarran Internal Security Act in order to prevent Senator Joseph McCarthy from extending his "Red Scare" hearing to the army.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
The United States hotly protested Stalin's actions in Poland, East Germany, and the rest of Eastern Europe as a violation of the "one world" principle of the Atlantic Charter and a departure from the agreements reached at Yalta and Potsdam. Aside from pushing for creation of the United Nations, did American policy actually abide by its own principles, or was it just as much based on national self-interest as the Soviet Union's?	
The United States hotly protested Stalin's actions in Poland, East Germany, and the rest of Eastern Europe as a violation of the "one world" principle of the Atlantic Charter and a departure from the agreements reached at Yalta and Potsdam. Aside from pushing for creation of the United Nations, did American policy actually abide by its own principles, or was it just as much based on national self-interest as the Soviet Union's?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Explain how the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, support for Chiang Kai-shek, and the Korean War were based on the policy of containment. What did that policy concede to the Soviets? How did NSC-68 refine the doctrine? What geopolitical realities limited American options in Asia and Eastern Europe?	
Explain how the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, support for Chiang Kai-shek, and the Korean War were based on the policy of containment. What did that policy concede to the Soviets? How did NSC-68 refine the doctrine? What geopolitical realities limited American options in Asia and Eastern Europe?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
What general factors made the United States susceptible to the anticommunist paranoia of 1947 to 1953? What activities fanned the fury and paved the way for the rise of Joseph McCarthy?	
What general factors made the United States susceptible to the anticommunist paranoia of 1947 to 1953? What activities fanned the fury and paved the way for the rise of Joseph McCarthy?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
Describe the legacy of mistrust between the Soviet Union and the United States up to World War II. How did the view of the world articulated by the United States contrast with the vision held by the Soviets and, to a great extent, the British?	
Describe the legacy of mistrust between the Soviet Union and the United States up to World War II. How did the view of the world articulated by the United States contrast with the vision held by the Soviets and, to a great extent, the British?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What were the accomplishments of the Casablanca and Teheran Conferences?	
What were the accomplishments of the Casablanca and Teheran Conferences?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
How did the Yalta Conference deal with the Polish and German questions? What differing views of the conference did the Soviets and Americans hold?	
How did the Yalta Conference deal with the Polish and German questions? What differing views of the conference did the Soviets and Americans hold?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What was the basic United Nations plan that was agreed to by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Yalta?	
What was the basic United Nations plan that was agreed to by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Yalta?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
When and where did President Roosevelt die?	
When and where did President Roosevelt die?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
Compare and contrast Roosevelt's and Truman's attitudes toward Stalin and the Soviet Union. To what extent was Truman's potential influence over the Soviet's economy constrained by wartime realities?	
Compare and contrast Roosevelt's and Truman's attitudes toward Stalin and the Soviet Union. To what extent was Truman's potential influence over the Soviet's economy constrained by wartime realities?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
How did the U.S. deal with China and Chiang Kai-shek in the postwar period? How did the situation in China shape U.S. policy toward Japan?	
How did the U.S. deal with China and Chiang Kai-shek in the postwar period? How did the situation in China shape U.S. policy toward Japan?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
What led to the Truman doctrine and containment? What pattern of foreign policy did the doctrine establish?	
What led to the Truman doctrine and containment? What pattern of foreign policy did the doctrine establish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
What motives led to the Marshall Plan? How successful was it?	
What motives led to the Marshall Plan? How successful was it?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
How did the National Security Act of 1941 reorganize the administration of national security? What agencies were created?	
How did the National Security Act of 1941 reorganize the administration of national security? What agencies were created?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
Why did Stalin blockade Berlin? How did the United States respond, and what resulted?	
Why did Stalin blockade Berlin? How did the United States respond, and what resulted?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
What was the fundamental agreement central to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? How did the Soviet Union respond?	
What was the fundamental agreement central to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? How did the Soviet Union respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
What events of 1949 thrust the Cold War into a new and seemingly more dangerous stage?	
What events of 1949 thrust the Cold War into a new and seemingly more dangerous stage?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What modification in containment policy was outlined in the NSC-68 report?	
What modification in containment policy was outlined in the NSC-68 report?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What factors combined to keep the United States from experiencing another depression after the war? What economic problems did the nation face? How did Truman respond?	
What factors combined to keep the United States from experiencing another depression after the war? What economic problems did the nation face? How did Truman respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How did reconversion affect the many women and minorities who had taken war-related jobs?	
How did reconversion affect the many women and minorities who had taken war-related jobs?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What was the Fair Deal? Why was it initially unsuccessful?	
What was the Fair Deal? Why was it initially unsuccessful?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
Describe the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. What was its impact on the labor movement?	
Describe the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. What was its impact on the labor movement?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
What strategy did Truman use to win the 1948 presidential election despite problems within the party?	
What strategy did Truman use to win the 1948 presidential election despite problems within the party?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What were the successes and failures of Truman's reform agenda after 1948?	
What were the successes and failures of Truman's reform agenda after 1948?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
How did the fear of potential nuclear war affect the attitudes and daily lives of Americans in the 1950s and early 1960s? What were the positive expectations for atomic technology?	
How did the fear of potential nuclear war affect the attitudes and daily lives of Americans in the 1950s and early 1960s? What were the positive expectations for atomic technology?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
What caused the Korean War? What was the role of the U.N. in authorizing and fighting the war?	
What caused the Korean War? What was the role of the U.N. in authorizing and fighting the war?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
Why did the war turn into a stalemate?	
Why did the war turn into a stalemate?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
Why did Truman dismiss Douglas MacArthur? Why was the decision so controversial?	
Why did Truman dismiss Douglas MacArthur? Why was the decision so controversial?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What social and economic effects did the Korean War have in America?	
What social and economic effects did the Korean War have in America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
Describe the factors and cases that combined to create the anticommunist paranoia of the late 1940s and early 1950s.	
Describe the factors and cases that combined to create the anticommunist paranoia of the late 1940s and early 1950s.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
How did Joseph McCarthy exploit the existing mood of hysteria? What sort of tactics did he use in his attacks on alleged subversion?	
How did Joseph McCarthy exploit the existing mood of hysteria? What sort of tactics did he use in his attacks on alleged subversion?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
What personalities and policies led to the Republican victory in the presidential election of 1952?	
What personalities and policies led to the Republican victory in the presidential election of 1952?
 	 			
==Chapter 29: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
John F. Kennedy made an attractive presidential candidate in 1960 for all the following reasons EXCEPT his	
John F. Kennedy made an attractive presidential candidate in 1960 for all the following reasons EXCEPT his
 	 		A)	family wealth and prestige.
 	 		B)	past accomplishments as a handsome war hero.
 	 		C)	personal eloquence, wit, and charisma.
 	 		D)	promise to keep the nation on the course of the 1950s.
 	 		E)	youth.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
President Kennedy found many of his legislative initiatives blocked by	
President Kennedy found many of his legislative initiatives blocked by
 	 		A)	the Supreme Court.
 	 		B)	Republican majorities in Congress.
 	 		C)	conservative Southern Democrats.
 	 		D)	the Supreme Court and conservative Southern Democrats.
 	 		E)	the Supreme Court and Republican majorities in Congress.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
In contrast to Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson	
In contrast to Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson
 	 		A)	rejected the concept of dynamic governmental activism.
 	 		B)	possessed a shy and reticent personality.
 	 		C)	displayed remarkable skill in influencing Congress.
 	 		D)	sympathized with Southern conservatives on civil rights issues.
 	 		E)	lacked charisma.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Lyndon B. Johnson billed his domestic program as the	
Lyndon B. Johnson billed his domestic program as the
 	 		A)	Great Society.
 	 		B)	New Frontier.
 	 		C)	Era of Equality.
 	 		D)	Alliance for Progress.
 	 		E)	Fair Deal.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
A significant reason that the Medicare proposal was able to overcome opposition and win congressional approval was because it	
A significant reason that the Medicare proposal was able to overcome opposition and win congressional approval was because it
 	 		A)	made benefits available to all elderly Americans, regardless of economic need.
 	 		B)	strictly regulated the fee structure of doctors and hospitals.
 	 		C)	established annual spending ceilings to be set by a panel of healthcare professionals and economists.
 	 		D)	shifted responsibility for paying a large proportion of medical charges from the government to the patient.
 	 		E)	it was labeled as "welfare."
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The "centerpiece" of Lyndon B. Johnson's "war on poverty" was the	
The "centerpiece" of Lyndon B. Johnson's "war on poverty" was the
 	 		A)	Department of Family Services, with an emphasis on social work.
 	 		B)	Children's Relief Fund, with an emphasis on preschooling.
 	 		C)	Office of Economic Opportunity, with an emphasis on community action.
 	 		D)	Agency for Economic Advancement, with an emphasis on job training.
 	 		E)	Medicare program.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Robert Weaver was significant as the	
Robert Weaver was significant as the
 	 		A)	architect of the war on poverty.
 	 		B)	leader of conservative opposition to the welfare state.
 	 		C)	author of The Other America.
 	 		D)	architect of Medicare.
 	 		E)	the first African-American cabinet member.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965	
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
 	 		A)	provided aid for public but not private or parochial schools.
 	 		B)	led the movement toward federal control of schools.
 	 		C)	based aid on the economic conditions of students rather than the needs of schools themselves.
 	 		D)	led to a quadrupling of federal aid for education between 1964 and 1967.
 	 		E)	provided aid for only parochial schools.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Sit-ins designed to desegregate lunch counters in the South were primarily staged by	
Sit-ins designed to desegregate lunch counters in the South were primarily staged by
 	 		A)	black religious leaders.
 	 		B)	black students.
 	 		C)	black women.
 	 		D)	white activists.
 	 		E)	white students.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Civil rights activists traveled through the South on buses to protest segregation in seating on buses and in depots. These efforts were generally called	
Civil rights activists traveled through the South on buses to protest segregation in seating on buses and in depots. These efforts were generally called
 	 		A)	rolling sit-ins.
 	 		B)	freedom rides.
 	 		C)	Greyhound diplomacy.
 	 		D)	marches on wheels.
 	 		E)	freedom buses.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The Alabama police commissioner whose violence against civil rights protesters horrified the nation was	
The Alabama police commissioner whose violence against civil rights protesters horrified the nation was
 	 		A)	George Wallace.
 	 		B)	Bull Connor.
 	 		C)	Medgar Evers.
 	 		D)	James Meredith.
 	 		E)	Robert Weaver.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech	
Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech
 	 		A)	while he was in jail in Birmingham, Alabama.
 	 		B)	on the river bridge on the edge of downtown Selma, Alabama.
 	 		C)	at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.
 	 		D)	in front of the Lincoln Memorial as part of a march on Washington.
 	 		E)	during a march in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Which of the following best characterizes the level of violence associated with the civil rights activities in the South from 1960 to 1965?	
Which of the following best characterizes the level of violence associated with the civil rights activities in the South from 1960 to 1965?
 	 		A)	There was virtually no violence, thanks mainly to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s passive-resistance philosophy.
 	 		B)	White law enforcement officials beat demonstrators or condoned beatings on numerous occasions and several activists were murdered.
 	 		C)	More radical black power advocates captured the movement and assassinated several white officeholders.
 	 		D)	Major riots broke out in the larger southern cities when blacks were turned away from the polls.
 	 		E)	Black leaders supported attacking white law enforcement.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
Each of the following was part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act EXCEPT	
Each of the following was part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act EXCEPT
 	 		A)	prohibition of segregation in "public accommodations."
 	 		B)	voting rights.
 	 		C)	bans on employment discrimination.
 	 		D)	an increase of the power of the federal government to file suits on behalf of school integration.
 	 		E)	protection to African Americans.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Malcolm X was a leading member of the	
Malcolm X was a leading member of the
 	 		A)	Black Panthers.
 	 		B)	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
 	 		C)	Nation of Islam (Black Muslims).
 	 		D)	Pan African Congress (PAC).
 	 		E)	Freedom Summer.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
In response to urban racial violence, in 1968 the Commission on Civil Disorders appointed by President Johnson recommended	
In response to urban racial violence, in 1968 the Commission on Civil Disorders appointed by President Johnson recommended
 	 		A)	massive spending on social problems in the ghettoes.
 	 		B)	the elimination of state government involvement in welfare programs.
 	 		C)	slowing the pace of racial change to allow the nation a "cooling-off" period.
 	 		D)	a return to segregated housing patterns to lessen the emotional outbursts that sparked violence in mixed neighborhoods.
 	 		E)	further racial segregation so violence could not be sparked.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The first major race riot of the mid-1960s occurred in the Watts section of what major city?	
The first major race riot of the mid-1960s occurred in the Watts section of what major city?
 	 		A)	New York
 	 		B)	Los Angeles
 	 		C)	Detroit
 	 		D)	Atlanta
 	 		E)	Washington, DC
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
The most important and lasting impact of the black power movement was the	
The most important and lasting impact of the black power movement was the
 	 		A)	stress on the ideal of interracial cooperation rather than self-reliance.
 	 		B)	unification of previously feuding black political groups.
 	 		C)	instilling of racial pride and identity in black Americans.
 	 		D)	reduced emphasis on the importance of African heritage and an emphasis on blacks' rightful place in American history.
 	 		E)	gaining federal protection when African Americans voted.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
John Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" was intended to provide	
John Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" was intended to provide
 	 		A)	mutual reduction of missiles and warheads by the United States and the Soviet Union.
 	 		B)	additional aid to the pro-American forces in South Vietnam.
 	 		C)	young American volunteers to work in health and education facilities in developing nations.
 	 		D)	better relations between the United States and the nations of Latin America.
 	 		E)	increased spending for improvements in black ghettos.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
In the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis,	
In the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis,
 	 		A)	Kennedy traveled to Moscow for his first meeting with the Soviet premier.
 	 		B)	the Soviets ordered construction of the Berlin Wall to stop the exodus of East Germans.
 	 		C)	a large CIA-trained army of anti-Castro Cubans unsuccessfully invaded the island.
 	 		D)	both sides realized how close they had come to the brink; tensions eased somewhat, and a nuclear test ban treaty was signed.
 	 		E)	Kennedy traveled to Vienna to begin meetings with Nikita Khrushchev.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
Ngho Dinh Diem was probably an unfortunate choice as the basis of American hopes for creation of a viable noncommunist regime in the southern part of Vietnam because he	
Ngho Dinh Diem was probably an unfortunate choice as the basis of American hopes for creation of a viable noncommunist regime in the southern part of Vietnam because he
 	 		A)	surrounded himself with corrupt advisors.
 	 		B)	failed to attract the support of the upper class in Saigon.
 	 		C)	was too willing to appease the Viet Cong.
 	 		D)	persecuted the nation's Roman Catholics.
 	 		E)	resisted serious political or economic reforms.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
 	 		A)	aroused strong opposition and a lengthy debate in Congress before being narrowly passed.
 	 		B)	limited President Johnson to a one-time retaliatory bombing strike on the northern part of Vietnam.
 	 		C)	was claimed by President Johnson as legal authorization for the military escalation of the U.S. role in the conflict.
 	 		D)	marked the beginning of significant international support for the American response to communist aggression in Indochina.
 	 		E)	was Kennedy's effort to spark international support against communist aggression.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
23	23		
The American military forces in Vietnam seemed least capable of	
The American military forces in Vietnam seemed least capable of
 	 		A)	winning a military victory in the major battles in which they became engaged.
 	 		B)	removing the Viet Cong and their Vietnamese allies from the north from such strongholds as Khesahn.
 	 		C)	sustaining a favorable "kill ratio."
 	 		D)	pacifying a captured region by winning "the hearts and minds" of the Vietnamese people.
 	 		E)	keeping up the status quo.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
24	24		
In the 1968 presidential election, George Wallace enjoyed an unusually high degree of support for a third-party candidate because he argued that	
In the 1968 presidential election, George Wallace enjoyed an unusually high degree of support for a third-party candidate because he argued that
 	 		A)	the United States should immediately end its military involvement in Vietnam.
 	 		B)	the movement toward racial equality should be accelerated through "affirmative action" programs.
 	 		C)	programs to alleviate poverty should be fully funded by Congress and that defense spending should be cut sharply to get the money.
 	 		D)	busing of school children for racial integration, expanding government regulations and social programs, and soft treatment of rioters and demonstrators were destroying America.
 	 		E)	the United States should become further involvement in Vietnam and the stopping the spread of communism on a global scale.
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Despite Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy of nonviolence, there were major riots in several American cities following the assassination of King.	
Despite Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy of nonviolence, there were major riots in several American cities following the assassination of King.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
The Warren Commission on the assassination of President Kennedy concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone.	
The Warren Commission on the assassination of President Kennedy concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Barry Goldwater, the Republican nominee for president in 1964, represented the moderate-liberal wing of his party, and his defeat laid the groundwork for the conservative takeover of the Republican Party that would follow.	
Barry Goldwater, the Republican nominee for president in 1964, represented the moderate-liberal wing of his party, and his defeat laid the groundwork for the conservative takeover of the Republican Party that would follow.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
The Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the "centerpiece" of President Johnson's "war on poverty," tried to get members of poor communities themselves involved in planning and administering social programs.	
The Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the "centerpiece" of President Johnson's "war on poverty," tried to get members of poor communities themselves involved in planning and administering social programs.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The Immigration Act of 1965 gave preference to potential northern and western European migrants and sharply limited African and Asian immigration to the United States.	
The Immigration Act of 1965 gave preference to potential northern and western European migrants and sharply limited African and Asian immigration to the United States.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
A major key to President Johnson's "Great Society" was that the programs involved reform in the approach to poverty without necessitating significant spending increases.	
A major key to President Johnson's "Great Society" was that the programs involved reform in the approach to poverty without necessitating significant spending increases.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
In the immediate post-World War II period, there was a major exodus of black population from the industrial cities of the Northeast back to the South because of urban riots and the loss of wartime jobs.	
In the immediate post-World War II period, there was a major exodus of black population from the industrial cities of the Northeast back to the South because of urban riots and the loss of wartime jobs.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
By the late 1960s, the civil rights movement had begun to focus on racial discrimination that existed by custom and practice outside the South, as well as on legal restrictions in the old Confederate states.	
By the late 1960s, the civil rights movement had begun to focus on racial discrimination that existed by custom and practice outside the South, as well as on legal restrictions in the old Confederate states.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
"Affirmative action" refers to extra efforts—for example, hiring, scholarships, etc.—undertaken by the government and corporations to help counter the discrimination that women and minorities faced in the past.	
"Affirmative action" refers to extra efforts—for example, hiring, scholarships, etc.—undertaken by the government and corporations to help counter the discrimination that women and minorities faced in the past.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Malcolm X stressed that blacks should band together and strengthen their racial pride through their Christian churches.	
Malcolm X stressed that blacks should band together and strengthen their racial pride through their Christian churches.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The Green Berets were special military forces trained to fight guerilla conflicts and other limited wars.	
The Green Berets were special military forces trained to fight guerilla conflicts and other limited wars.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Despite pleas for help from anti-Castro exiles, the preparation for the Bay of Pigs invasion was undertaken by Cuban refugees without assistance from any agency of the U.S. government.	
Despite pleas for help from anti-Castro exiles, the preparation for the Bay of Pigs invasion was undertaken by Cuban refugees without assistance from any agency of the U.S. government.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized President Johnson to "take all necessary measures" to protect American forces and "prevent further aggression" in Southeast Asia, was inspired by an alleged attack on U.S. destroyers by North Vietnamese torpedo boats.	
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized President Johnson to "take all necessary measures" to protect American forces and "prevent further aggression" in Southeast Asia, was inspired by an alleged attack on U.S. destroyers by North Vietnamese torpedo boats.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The Tet Offensive by the Viet Cong helped turn American opinion against the war in Vietnam even though the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces repelled the invasion and inflicted serious losses on the Viet Cong.	
The Tet Offensive by the Viet Cong helped turn American opinion against the war in Vietnam even though the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces repelled the invasion and inflicted serious losses on the Viet Cong.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
What were the central elements of the New Frontier and the Great Society? Why was Johnson able to succeed where Kennedy failed? What were the long-term results of the liberal legislation of 1964 to 1966?	
What were the central elements of the New Frontier and the Great Society? Why was Johnson able to succeed where Kennedy failed? What were the long-term results of the liberal legislation of 1964 to 1966?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
How did the reaction of many southern whites to the civil rights activities ironically serve to help the blacks' cause? How did blacks respond when it became clear that the legislative victories of 1964 and 1965 were not enough to satisfy their aspirations?	
How did the reaction of many southern whites to the civil rights activities ironically serve to help the blacks' cause? How did blacks respond when it became clear that the legislative victories of 1964 and 1965 were not enough to satisfy their aspirations?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Describe the escalation of the Vietnam War that took place in the 1960s. To what extent was the Vietnam War a logical extension of the doctrine of containment and the ideology of the Cold War? What doubts were emerging toward the end of the decade?	
Describe the escalation of the Vietnam War that took place in the 1960s. To what extent was the Vietnam War a logical extension of the doctrine of containment and the ideology of the Cold War? What doubts were emerging toward the end of the decade?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
Describe John F. Kennedy's background and his plans for domestic legislation. How did Congress react to his New Frontier?	
Describe John F. Kennedy's background and his plans for domestic legislation. How did Congress react to his New Frontier?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
Describe the events surrounding the Kennedy assassination. What did the Warren Commission conclude? What doubts remain?	
Describe the events surrounding the Kennedy assassination. What did the Warren Commission conclude? What doubts remain?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
How did Lyndon Johnson differ from Kennedy in personality and in the ability to influence Congress?	
How did Lyndon Johnson differ from Kennedy in personality and in the ability to influence Congress?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What was the purpose of Medicare? Why was it controversial?	
What was the purpose of Medicare? Why was it controversial?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What agency was the "centerpiece" of the Great Society? What new approach to fighting poverty did it bring?	
What agency was the "centerpiece" of the Great Society? What new approach to fighting poverty did it bring?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
What were the main arguments against federal aid to education? How did Johnson's legislation manage to circumvent much of the opposition?	
What were the main arguments against federal aid to education? How did Johnson's legislation manage to circumvent much of the opposition?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
How did the effort to fund both the Great Society and a great military establishment affect the federal budget?	
How did the effort to fund both the Great Society and a great military establishment affect the federal budget?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
What did the Great Society accomplish?	
What did the Great Society accomplish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Describe the increasing civil rights activism of the early 1960s. How did this protest movement lead to "the most important civil rights bill of the twentieth century"?	
Describe the increasing civil rights activism of the early 1960s. How did this protest movement lead to "the most important civil rights bill of the twentieth century"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
What events prompted passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1965 (Voting Rights Act)?	
What events prompted passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1965 (Voting Rights Act)?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
How did the focus of racial issues and the locus of the civil rights movement change in the mid- to late-1960s?	
How did the focus of racial issues and the locus of the civil rights movement change in the mid- to late-1960s?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
Describe the race riots of 1964 to 1967. What response did the Commission on Civil Disorder suggest? What response did many white Americans prefer?	
Describe the race riots of 1964 to 1967. What response did the Commission on Civil Disorder suggest? What response did many white Americans prefer?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
What did "black power" mean? What impact did it have on the civil rights movement and on the attitudes of American blacks in general?	
What did "black power" mean? What impact did it have on the civil rights movement and on the attitudes of American blacks in general?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
How did John F. Kennedy's approach to foreign policy contrast with Eisenhower's? What specific programs illustrated that difference?	
How did John F. Kennedy's approach to foreign policy contrast with Eisenhower's? What specific programs illustrated that difference?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What were the purpose and the result of the Bay of Pigs invasion?	
What were the purpose and the result of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
What precipitated the Cuban missile crisis? How was it resolved? What was its legacy?	
What precipitated the Cuban missile crisis? How was it resolved? What was its legacy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
Why did Lyndon Johnson send troops to the Dominican Republic? Was the action reminiscent of the interventions in the days of the Roosevelt Corollary?	
Why did Lyndon Johnson send troops to the Dominican Republic? Was the action reminiscent of the interventions in the days of the Roosevelt Corollary?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
Describe the Diem regime and its war effort up to 1963. What led to the coup and assassination that ended his rule?	
Describe the Diem regime and its war effort up to 1963. What led to the coup and assassination that ended his rule?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Recount the stages of Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War up to 1967. Why did the conflict become a "quagmire"?	
Recount the stages of Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War up to 1967. Why did the conflict become a "quagmire"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
Why did America's two-fold strategy of "attrition" and "pacification" fail?	
Why did America's two-fold strategy of "attrition" and "pacification" fail?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
Describe the war protest movement. How did it move from the streets into Congress and the administration?	
Describe the war protest movement. How did it move from the streets into Congress and the administration?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
How did involvement in Vietnam affect the American economy and the Great Society?	
How did involvement in Vietnam affect the American economy and the Great Society?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
Why can the Tet Offensive be characterized as "a military victory for the United States, but...a political defeat for the administration"?	
Why can the Tet Offensive be characterized as "a military victory for the United States, but...a political defeat for the administration"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
How did the nation respond to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.?	
How did the nation respond to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
Describe the turmoil within the Democratic Party in 1968. How did Richard Nixon and George Wallace exploit this turmoil and the general national mood in the 1968 presidential election?	
Describe the turmoil within the Democratic Party in 1968. How did Richard Nixon and George Wallace exploit this turmoil and the general national mood in the 1968 presidential election?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
How have historians differed in their explanations for the involvement of the United States in Vietnam?	
How have historians differed in their explanations for the involvement of the United States in Vietnam?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
Why was 1968 such a tumultuous year around much of the world as well as in the United States?	
Why was 1968 such a tumultuous year around much of the world as well as in the United States?
 	 			
==Chapter 31: From the "Age of Limits" to the Age of Reagan==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
President Gerald Ford's popularity with the American public fell dramatically as a result of his	
President Gerald Ford's popularity with the American public fell dramatically as a result of his
 	 		A)	pardon of Richard Nixon.
 	 		B)	handling of the "Mayaguez" incident.
 	 		C)	vetoes of large numbers of congressional enactments.
 	 		D)	appointment of Nelson Rockefeller as vice president.
 	 		E)	policies on the economic problems.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Ford's foreign policy included support for four of the following. Which is the exception?	
Ford's foreign policy included support for four of the following. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	the SALT II agreement
 	 		B)	the Helsinki agreement on European boundaries
 	 		C)	the continued rapprochement with China after the death of Mao Zedong
 	 		D)	the abandonment of U.S. mediation efforts in the Middle East
 	 		E)	a new accord between Israel and Egypt
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Jimmy Carter's success in the election of 1976 resulted in large part because	
Jimmy Carter's success in the election of 1976 resulted in large part because
 	 		A)	Ford refused to choose a running mate who appealed to the Republican Right.
 	 		B)	Carter's considerable service in Washington assured voters of an experienced administrator.
 	 		C)	Ford's acerbic personality had generated an atmosphere of bitterness and acrimony in Washington.
 	 		D)	the country was still angry over Ford's pardon of Nixon.
 	 		E)	Carter seemed to possess honesty, piety, and an outsider's skepticism of the federal government.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Which of the following best describes the nation's economy during Carter's final two years in office?	
Which of the following best describes the nation's economy during Carter's final two years in office?
 	 		A)	modest inflation and stable interest rates
 	 		B)	modest inflation and declining interest rates
 	 		C)	rapid inflation and record high interest rates
 	 		D)	rapid inflation and stable interest rates
 	 		E)	rapid inflation and declining interest rates
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
Carter had hoped to base American foreign policy on increased attention to	
Carter had hoped to base American foreign policy on increased attention to
 	 		A)	flexible military response whenever democratic governments were challenged.
 	 		B)	expansion of American economic interests overseas.
 	 		C)	reduction of American responsibility for involvement in world conflicts.
 	 		D)	the issue of how nations respect human rights.
 	 		E)	reduction of American military presence around the world.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The Camp David summit, hosted by President Carter, was a meeting between the leaders of Israel and	
The Camp David summit, hosted by President Carter, was a meeting between the leaders of Israel and
 	 		A)	Egypt.
 	 		B)	Libya.
 	 		C)	Lebanon.
 	 		D)	the Palestine Liberation Organization.
 	 		E)	Syria.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
All but one of the following were significant features of Carter's foreign policy in the early years of his administration. Which is the exception?	
All but one of the following were significant features of Carter's foreign policy in the early years of his administration. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	abandoning SALT II as futile
 	 		B)	completing negotiations to transfer the canal zone to Panama
 	 		C)	using diplomatic pressure to promote human rights in other countries
 	 		D)	continuing progress toward improving relations with China
 	 		E)	negotiating a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
In November 1979, Iranian militants took over the U.S. embassy in Teheran and held fifty-three embassy personnel hostage for more than a year. The immediate provocation for their act was the fact that the Carter administration	
In November 1979, Iranian militants took over the U.S. embassy in Teheran and held fifty-three embassy personnel hostage for more than a year. The immediate provocation for their act was the fact that the Carter administration
 	 		A)	began to support Iraq in its war with Iran.
 	 		B)	refused to recognize Iran's new regime.
 	 		C)	attempted to restore the pro-American Shah to power in Iran.
 	 		D)	allowed the exiled former Shah of Iran to enter the United States.
 	 		E)	halted any peace negotiations with Arab nations.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
The rapid population growth in the "Sunbelt" shifted political power to the region and tended to strengthen which political viewpoint?	
The rapid population growth in the "Sunbelt" shifted political power to the region and tended to strengthen which political viewpoint?
 	 		A)	conservative, antigovernment
 	 		B)	liberal, government activist
 	 		C)	moderate, middle-of-the-road
 	 		D)	basically neutral
 	 		E)	liberal, antigovernment
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
Which of the following is a common thread of evangelical Christianity?	
Which of the following is a common thread of evangelical Christianity?
 	 		A)	belief in the joining of church and state
 	 		B)	conservative, right-wing politics, especially on social welfare issues
 	 		C)	belief in the literal, inerrant interpretation of the Bible, especially on evolution
 	 		D)	belief in a liberal, loose interpretation of the Bible, especially on abortion
 	 		E)	belief in personal conversion through direct communication with God
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The tax revolt	
The tax revolt
 	 		A)	was used by conservatives as a means of reversing the growth of the federal government.
 	 		B)	was a less effective strategy than attacking government programs directly.
 	 		C)	had its public beginnings in the Sunbelt.
 	 		D)	began after Reagan took office.
 	 		E)	was led by Pat Robertson.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
Ronald Reagan and his administration received strong support from four of the following groups. Which is the exception?	
Ronald Reagan and his administration received strong support from four of the following groups. Which is the exception?
 	 		A)	neo-conservatives
 	 		B)	New Right
 	 		C)	feminists and civil-rights activists
 	 		D)	conservative business leaders
 	 		E)	evangelical Christians
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
President Reagan	
President Reagan
 	 		A)	retained little control of most of the day-to-day operations of the federal government.
 	 		B)	struggled to convey his message to the American people.
 	 		C)	used a highly nationalist rhetoric to gain support for his proposals.
 	 		D)	was one of the youngest men ever to serve as president.
 	 		E)	struggled to free the hostages in Iran.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The "supply-side" economic theory that President Reagan sought to implement early in his administration called for	
The "supply-side" economic theory that President Reagan sought to implement early in his administration called for
 	 		A)	increasing government spending to stimulate consumption.
 	 		B)	maintaining high interest rates to control inflation.
 	 		C)	cutting taxes to encourage new investment.
 	 		D)	raising taxes to stimulate the economy.
 	 		E)	lowering interest rates to encourage spending.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
During the Reagan administration, the federal budget	
During the Reagan administration, the federal budget
 	 		A)	experienced severe deficits.
 	 		B)	noticeably declined.
 	 		C)	shifted from reliance on the income tax to a national sales tax.
 	 		D)	rose markedly in domestic spending but remained flat on defense.
 	 		E)	experienced a brief deficit.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
In response to concerns about the federal budget, the Reagan administration	
In response to concerns about the federal budget, the Reagan administration
 	 		A)	raised income taxes.
 	 		B)	cut defense spending.
 	 		C)	cut the budgets for "discretionary" domestic programs.
 	 		D)	raised interest rates.
 	 		E)	raised income taxes and interest rates.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
With respect to the civil war in El Salvador, the Reagan administration	
With respect to the civil war in El Salvador, the Reagan administration
 	 		A)	maintained a strictly neutral position.
 	 		B)	sent in a peacekeeping force of American combat troops.
 	 		C)	supported the existing military regime with money and material.
 	 		D)	supported the revolutionaries, who were seeking to overthrow the military regime.
 	 		E)	encouraged the United Nations to take a more active role in safeguarding civilians.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
In Nicaragua, the Sandinistas were	
In Nicaragua, the Sandinistas were
 	 		A)	pro-American forces.
 	 		B)	anti-American forces.
 	 		C)	essentially the same as the Contras in Honduras.
 	 		D)	supporters of the former Somoza regime.
 	 		E)	anti-communist forces.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
Reagan's policy toward Lebanon involved	
Reagan's policy toward Lebanon involved
 	 		A)	supporting Lebanon with military aid for its border conflict with Saudi Arabia.
 	 		B)	supporting Lebanon to gain back territories lost to Israel.
 	 		C)	backing Israel in the United Nations in its effort to make Lebanon part of the Left Bank area controlled by Israel.
 	 		D)	backing Israel financially so the country could arm itself.
 	 		E)	sending in American marines as a peacekeeping force following Israeli-PLO clashes but removing them after over 200 were killed in a terrorist attack.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
In the national elections of 1984, the Democrats made electoral history by, for the first time, nominating a vice presidential candidate who was	
In the national elections of 1984, the Democrats made electoral history by, for the first time, nominating a vice presidential candidate who was
 	 		A)	Jewish.
 	 		B)	female.
 	 		C)	African American.
 	 		D)	Hispanic.
 	 		E)	Latino.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
21	21		
In the election of 1984,	
In the election of 1984,
 	 		A)	President Reagan won re-election in a close contest with Walter Mondale.
 	 		B)	President Reagan won 49 out of 50 states.
 	 		C)	President Reagan led the Republican Party in a successful effort to regain control of both houses of Congress.
 	 		D)	President Reagan won the first presidential election of the post-Cold War era.
 	 		E)	President Reagan did not win the popular vote.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
22	22		
Which of the following did NOT occur during the presidency of George H. W. Bush?	
Which of the following did NOT occur during the presidency of George H. W. Bush?
 	 		A)	the Gulf War
 	 		B)	the 1990 recession
 	 		C)	the Beirut bombings
 	 		D)	Tiananmen Square
 	 		E)	the fall of the Berlin wall
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Gerald Ford's compassionate pardon of Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal improved Ford's standing in public opinion polls.	
Gerald Ford's compassionate pardon of Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal improved Ford's standing in public opinion polls.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
In his campaign for president, Jimmy Carter emphasized that he was a Washington "insider" who could be more effective with Congress than President Ford had been.	
In his campaign for president, Jimmy Carter emphasized that he was a Washington "insider" who could be more effective with Congress than President Ford had been.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
Jimmy Carter pledged that a major focus of his foreign policy would be the defense of "human rights."	
Jimmy Carter pledged that a major focus of his foreign policy would be the defense of "human rights."
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Jimmy Carter cancelled U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.	
Jimmy Carter cancelled U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
Jimmy Carter's most politically damaging defeat in Congress was the Senate's refusal to ratify the controversial Panama Canal Treaty.	
Jimmy Carter's most politically damaging defeat in Congress was the Senate's refusal to ratify the controversial Panama Canal Treaty.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
The Americans being held hostage in Iran were captured in a failed CIA attempt to overthrow the government of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.	
The Americans being held hostage in Iran were captured in a failed CIA attempt to overthrow the government of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
The so-called Sagebrush Rebellion was an effort by liberal Democrats from the western states to replace Jimmy Carter as the party's nominee in 1980.	
The so-called Sagebrush Rebellion was an effort by liberal Democrats from the western states to replace Jimmy Carter as the party's nominee in 1980.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The so-called tax revolt of the late 1970s emerged because there was widespread agreement on the list of government programs that needed to be cut back.	
The so-called tax revolt of the late 1970s emerged because there was widespread agreement on the list of government programs that needed to be cut back.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Although Ronald Reagan was not able to fulfill his promise to balance the federal budget, he was able to reverse the trend of the Carter years and reduce the total annual deficit.	
Although Ronald Reagan was not able to fulfill his promise to balance the federal budget, he was able to reverse the trend of the Carter years and reduce the total annual deficit.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The invasion of Grenada by U.S. Marines was an example of the "Reagan Doctrine" that called for U.S. intervention in the Third World to support opponents of communism.	
The invasion of Grenada by U.S. Marines was an example of the "Reagan Doctrine" that called for U.S. intervention in the Third World to support opponents of communism.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
The Soviet Union favored Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") because it would relieve their economy of the burden of financing a continued arms race.	
The Soviet Union favored Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") because it would relieve their economy of the burden of financing a continued arms race.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The Iran-Contra scandal revealed that Ronald Reagan was actually working against the government in Iran despite his public statements that he supported Iranian reform.	
The Iran-Contra scandal revealed that Ronald Reagan was actually working against the government in Iran despite his public statements that he supported Iranian reform.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Unlike the nasty Reagan-Mondale campaign of 1984, the Bush-Dukakis presidential campaign focused much more on straightforward discussion of the issues rather than negative attacks on the opponent.	
Unlike the nasty Reagan-Mondale campaign of 1984, the Bush-Dukakis presidential campaign focused much more on straightforward discussion of the issues rather than negative attacks on the opponent.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
The Gulf War was initially popular with the American people, but support waned significantly as casualty figures rose much higher than expected for U.S. soldiers.	
The Gulf War was initially popular with the American people, but support waned significantly as casualty figures rose much higher than expected for U.S. soldiers.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
How effective was Jimmy Carter in applying the human-rights principle to American foreign policy? How did his approach differ from the actions taken by Ronald Reagan?	
How effective was Jimmy Carter in applying the human-rights principle to American foreign policy? How did his approach differ from the actions taken by Ronald Reagan?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
How did the nation's energy needs complicate both the foreign and domestic policies of presidents Ford, Carter, and Reagan?	
How did the nation's energy needs complicate both the foreign and domestic policies of presidents Ford, Carter, and Reagan?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Why was Ronald Reagan so popular despite the ineffectiveness of many of his policies—especially with regard to the budget deficit?	
Why was Ronald Reagan so popular despite the ineffectiveness of many of his policies—especially with regard to the budget deficit?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
Was the end of the Cold War more a result of American initiatives or of internal developments within the Soviet Union and the nations it dominated?	
Was the end of the Cold War more a result of American initiatives or of internal developments within the Soviet Union and the nations it dominated?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
How did his pardon of Richard Nixon affect Gerald Ford's political standing?	
How did his pardon of Richard Nixon affect Gerald Ford's political standing?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What economic challenges did Ford face? How did he respond?	
What economic challenges did Ford face? How did he respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
How did Jimmy Carter's background and personality shape the tone of his presidency and people's reaction to him?	
How did Jimmy Carter's background and personality shape the tone of his presidency and people's reaction to him?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What economic and energy-related problems did Carter face?	
What economic and energy-related problems did Carter face?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
What general principle formed the basis of Carter's approach to foreign policy?	
What general principle formed the basis of Carter's approach to foreign policy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
How did Carter manage to facilitate the Camp David accords, which led to peace between Egypt and Israel?	
How did Carter manage to facilitate the Camp David accords, which led to peace between Egypt and Israel?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
What led to the Iranian hostage crisis? What political effects did it have on the Carter administration? How was the crisis resolved?	
What led to the Iranian hostage crisis? What political effects did it have on the Carter administration? How was the crisis resolved?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
How did the Carter administration react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?	
How did the Carter administration react to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
Where is the "Sunbelt"? What were the political implications of its rise?	
Where is the "Sunbelt"? What were the political implications of its rise?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
Describe the basis of Christian evangelicalism. How could it lead to both social liberalism, as in Jimmy Carter, and cultural conservatism, as in Jerry Falwell?	
Describe the basis of Christian evangelicalism. How could it lead to both social liberalism, as in Jimmy Carter, and cultural conservatism, as in Jerry Falwell?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
What were the elements of the New Right movement? How did it come to have such influence in the Republican Party? Why did the New Right disapprove of President Ford?	
What were the elements of the New Right movement? How did it come to have such influence in the Republican Party? Why did the New Right disapprove of President Ford?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
To what extent was the tax revolt of the 1970s and 1980s as much an attack on government programs as on taxes? How did the tax cut activists avoid specific confrontations with supporters of key programs?	
To what extent was the tax revolt of the 1970s and 1980s as much an attack on government programs as on taxes? How did the tax cut activists avoid specific confrontations with supporters of key programs?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
Why did Ronald Reagan win such a decisive victory in 1980? What happened in the congressional races?	
Why did Ronald Reagan win such a decisive victory in 1980? What happened in the congressional races?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
How did the nation react to the release of the Iranian hostages?	
How did the nation react to the release of the Iranian hostages?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What personal factors helped make Reagan politically effective at balancing various conservative factions?	
What personal factors helped make Reagan politically effective at balancing various conservative factions?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
Explain the assumptions made by "supply-side" economists ("Reaganomics"). What Reagan administration implemented supply-side policies?	
Explain the assumptions made by "supply-side" economists ("Reaganomics"). What Reagan administration implemented supply-side policies?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
What led to the recession of the early 1980s and the mid-decade recovery? Was the recovery due to Reaganomics or other factors?	
What led to the recession of the early 1980s and the mid-decade recovery? Was the recovery due to Reaganomics or other factors?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
What happened to the stock market from the mid 1980s through the 1990s?	
What happened to the stock market from the mid 1980s through the 1990s?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Why did the federal budget experience massive deficits? How effective was the Reagan administration in countering the deficit?	
Why did the federal budget experience massive deficits? How effective was the Reagan administration in countering the deficit?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
What stance toward the Soviets and communism in general constituted the so-called Reagan Doctrine? How did the doctrine play out in Grenada and elsewhere in Latin America?	
What stance toward the Soviets and communism in general constituted the so-called Reagan Doctrine? How did the doctrine play out in Grenada and elsewhere in Latin America?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
What did the attack on the U.S. military barracks in Beirut and other terrorist incidents against Americans and other westerners reveal about a new worldwide danger? How did Ronald Reagan react to these episodes?	
What did the attack on the U.S. military barracks in Beirut and other terrorist incidents against Americans and other westerners reveal about a new worldwide danger? How did Ronald Reagan react to these episodes?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
Was the election of 1984 more a personal victory for Ronald Reagan or the mark of a new Republican era?	
Was the election of 1984 more a personal victory for Ronald Reagan or the mark of a new Republican era?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
Describe the process by which the Soviet Bloc and the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist. What emerged in its place?	
Describe the process by which the Soviet Bloc and the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist. What emerged in its place?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
How did Ronald Reagan react to Mikhail Gorbachev? What concrete agreement resulted?	
How did Ronald Reagan react to Mikhail Gorbachev? What concrete agreement resulted?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
Describe the Iran-Contra scandal. What was its political impact?	
Describe the Iran-Contra scandal. What was its political impact?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
What main campaign strategy did George Bush use to come from behind and defeat Michael Dukakis? What happened in the congressional elections?	
What main campaign strategy did George Bush use to come from behind and defeat Michael Dukakis? What happened in the congressional elections?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
What budgetary and economic problems dominated domestic concerns during the Bush presidency? How did the budget package in 1990 violate Bush's campaign pledge?	
What budgetary and economic problems dominated domestic concerns during the Bush presidency? How did the budget package in 1990 violate Bush's campaign pledge?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
What precipitated the Gulf War? What were the long-term outcomes after the relatively easy victory?	
What precipitated the Gulf War? What were the long-term outcomes after the relatively easy victory?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
Why did Bill Clinton win the presidency in 1992?	
Why did Bill Clinton win the presidency in 1992?
 	 			
==Chapter 32: The Age of Globalization==
===Multiple Choice Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
The Clinton years were a time of	
The Clinton years were a time of
 	 		A)	liberal domination of the federal government.
 	 		B)	bitter partisan struggles.
 	 		C)	conservative control despite a Democratic president.
 	 		D)	bipartisan accomplishment in Congress.
 	 		E)	liberal domination of the presidency but conservative control of the House and Senate.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
President Clinton's approach to trade was to	
President Clinton's approach to trade was to
 	 		A)	create protectionist tariffs through the negotiation of NAFTA.
 	 		B)	isolate the United States from the global market as much as possible.
 	 		C)	support a global economic perspective and strongly advocate free trade through documents such as NAFTA.
 	 		D)	pursue a moderate course that combined general free trade principles with high tariffs to protect the most vulnerable American industries.
 	 		E)	dismiss the idea of free trade.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
What major domestic initiative of the first two years of the Clinton administration was a political failure?	
What major domestic initiative of the first two years of the Clinton administration was a political failure?
 	 		A)	mental health
 	 		B)	child welfare
 	 		C)	educational improvements
 	 		D)	health care reform
 	 		E)	workplace equality
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
By his second term, President Clinton	
By his second term, President Clinton
 	 		A)	had failed to significantly reduce the budget deficit.
 	 		B)	had succeeded in reducing the deficit to some degree, but had not managed to balance the budget.
 	 		C)	achieved a balanced budget.
 	 		D)	achieved the first budget surplus of the twentieth century.
 	 		E)	failed to achieve a balanced budget.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
The efforts to impeach President Clinton	
The efforts to impeach President Clinton
 	 		A)	made no progress in either the House or the Senate.
 	 		B)	achieved considerable support in both houses but led to no indictments.
 	 		C)	were successful.
 	 		D)	led the House to indict the president and the Senate to convict him.
 	 		E)	led to two indictments in the House but an acquittal in the Senate.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
In the presidential election of 2000,	
In the presidential election of 2000,
 	 		A)	Al Gore won the popular vote.
 	 		B)	George W. Bush won the popular vote.
 	 		C)	John McCain won the popular vote.
 	 		D)	it could not be determined who won the popular vote.
 	 		E)	Al Gore won both the popular and electoral vote.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
In the election of 2000, the state where the outcome of the voting became most confused was	
In the election of 2000, the state where the outcome of the voting became most confused was
 	 		A)	California.
 	 		B)	Texas.
 	 		C)	New York.
 	 		D)	Florida.
 	 		E)	Ohio.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
The Supreme Court's decision on the presidential election of 2000	
The Supreme Court's decision on the presidential election of 2000
 	 		A)	was unanimous.
 	 		B)	allowed the recounts to continue until the winner of the election could be determined.
 	 		C)	argued that the standards for evaluating the disputed ballots were too arbitrary to withstand constitutional scrutiny.
 	 		D)	was greeted with nearly unanimous support by an American public that had tired of the controversy.
 	 		E)	immediately halted the recounts.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
President George W. Bush	
President George W. Bush
 	 		A)	instituted the largest tax cut in American history in his first year in office.
 	 		B)	refused to cut taxes even after he promised to do so during the campaign.
 	 		C)	increased the income tax but reduced the nation's sales tax.
 	 		D)	instituted the largest tax increase in the nation's history.
 	 		E)	instituted the second largest tax increase in the nation's history, after his father's.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The American economy in the period of the late 1980s and early 1990s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT	
The American economy in the period of the late 1980s and early 1990s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
 	 		A)	the highest rate of poverty in the post-World War II era.
 	 		B)	a decline in the relative importance of heavy manufacturing.
 	 		C)	an increase in the number of families needing more than one income to maintain their desired standard of living.
 	 		D)	an unequal distribution of wealth and income, with the middle 40 percent experiencing a decline in wealth.
 	 		E)	the lowest rate of poverty in the post-World War II era.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
Between 1980 and 1999, The Dow Jones Industrial Average	
Between 1980 and 1999, The Dow Jones Industrial Average
 	 		A)	decreased by more than 25%
 	 		B)	remained relatively static.
 	 		C)	increased by more than 100%.
 	 		D)	increased by more than 1000%.
 	 		E)	decreased by more than 50%.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
According to the text, one of the primary causes of the economic downturn in 2001 was	
According to the text, one of the primary causes of the economic downturn in 2001 was
 	 		A)	the Enron scandal.
 	 		B)	the sell-off of "dot.com" stocks.
 	 		C)	the growing disparity between rich and poor.
 	 		D)	the collapse of the steel industry.
 	 		E)	Bush's large tax cuts.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Each of the following was a result of the scientific and technological boom of the late twentieth century EXCEPT	
Each of the following was a result of the scientific and technological boom of the late twentieth century EXCEPT
 	 		A)	the Internet.
 	 		B)	the personal computer.
 	 		C)	the Human Genome Project.
 	 		D)	the cure for Alzheimer's disease.
 	 		E)	Microsoft.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
During the late twentieth century, the American population	
During the late twentieth century, the American population
 	 		A)	was growing older.
 	 		B)	was getting younger.
 	 		C)	had a vastly increased birth rate.
 	 		D)	had a birth rate that remained relatively static.
 	 		E)	was becoming less diverse.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
15	15		
Which of the following best represents the economic status of African Americans by the 1980s?	
Which of the following best represents the economic status of African Americans by the 1980s?
 	 		A)	Despite the efforts of the 1960s, all classes of blacks were falling further behind whites.
 	 		B)	Working-class blacks made limited strides and failed to match their white counterparts.
 	 		C)	Working-class blacks made significant strides but white-collar options remained closed, so middle-class blacks made little gain.
 	 		D)	Except in the South, average family income for blacks matched that of whites by the 1990 census.
 	 		E)	The black middle class made significant gains, but the gap between the black middle class and underclass was accentuated.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
16	16		
In the early stages of the AIDS epidemic, which of the following groups showed the greatest number of incidents?	
In the early stages of the AIDS epidemic, which of the following groups showed the greatest number of incidents?
 	 		A)	homosexual men
 	 		B)	homosexual women
 	 		C)	heterosexual men
 	 		D)	heterosexual women
 	 		E)	homosexual men and women
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
17	17		
The forces opposed to legalized abortion were generally known as the ____________ movement.	
The forces opposed to legalized abortion were generally known as the ____________ movement.
 	 		A)	abstinence
 	 		B)	birthright
 	 		C)	baby alive
 	 		D)	right-to-life
 	 		E)	pro-choice
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
18	18		
The first personal computer was launched by	
The first personal computer was launched by
 	 		A)	Apple.
 	 		B)	Microsoft.
 	 		C)	Hewlitt-Packard.
 	 		D)	IBM.
 	 		E)	None of the answers are correct.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
19	19		
The Human Genome Project	
The Human Genome Project
 	 		A)	acknowledged that all human genes could not be identified or mapped.
 	 		B)	accomplished the identification of all human genes faster than expected.
 	 		C)	accomplished the identification of all human genes slower than expected.
 	 		D)	received no competition in its mission to map all human genes, and thus was able to complete the project faster because of it.
 	 		E)	made major breakthroughs in the ability to do research on human stem cells without destroying embryos.
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
20	20		
What organization was often the target of mass demonstrations, a few of them violent, against globalization?	
What organization was often the target of mass demonstrations, a few of them violent, against globalization?
 	 		A)	WTO
 	 		B)	UN
 	 		C)	NATO
 	 		D)	NAFTA
 	 		E)	EU
===True or False Quiz===
 	 		 	
1 	1 		
Although the investigation widened considerably, the "Whitewater affair" originally involved allegations that President Clinton had been sexually involved with a woman that he met on a rafting trip through the Grand Canyon.	
Although the investigation widened considerably, the "Whitewater affair" originally involved allegations that President Clinton had been sexually involved with a woman that he met on a rafting trip through the Grand Canyon.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
2 	2 		
Despite persistent effort by Republicans in the House of Representatives, President Clinton was never impeached.	
Despite persistent effort by Republicans in the House of Representatives, President Clinton was never impeached.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
3 	3 		
After the first two years of the Clinton administration, the Republicans won control of both houses of Congress for the first time since the early Eisenhower years.	
After the first two years of the Clinton administration, the Republicans won control of both houses of Congress for the first time since the early Eisenhower years.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
4 	4 		
Most political analysts contend that Bill Clinton's return to his activist liberal roots was responsible for his reelection victory in 1996.	
Most political analysts contend that Bill Clinton's return to his activist liberal roots was responsible for his reelection victory in 1996.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
5 	5 		
When Saddam Hussein refused to allow international inspectors to inspect military sites in Iraq, Bill Clinton ordered a series of bombing strikes.	
When Saddam Hussein refused to allow international inspectors to inspect military sites in Iraq, Bill Clinton ordered a series of bombing strikes.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
6 	6 		
President Clinton refused to allow United States military forces to participate in the international effort to restore peace to the Kosovo region.	
President Clinton refused to allow United States military forces to participate in the international effort to restore peace to the Kosovo region.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
7 	7 		
Al Gore received more popular votes than George W. Bush in the presidential election of 2000.	
Al Gore received more popular votes than George W. Bush in the presidential election of 2000.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
8 	8 		
NASDAQ was established to investigate corporate accounting scandals.	
NASDAQ was established to investigate corporate accounting scandals.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
9 	9 		
Microsoft Corporation became one of the largest companies in the world by establishing a near monopoly on the operating system used on most PCs.	
Microsoft Corporation became one of the largest companies in the world by establishing a near monopoly on the operating system used on most PCs.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
10	10		
The Human Genome Project was designed to fight environmental degradation from smog, water pollution, industrial output, and so on.	
The Human Genome Project was designed to fight environmental degradation from smog, water pollution, industrial output, and so on.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
11	11		
By the mid 1990s, American global market competitiveness had been restored in the manufacturing sector so exports once again exceeded imports.	
By the mid 1990s, American global market competitiveness had been restored in the manufacturing sector so exports once again exceeded imports.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
12	12		
The major riot in South Central Los Angeles in 1992 was sparked by turf conflict between black and Hispanic gangs.	
The major riot in South Central Los Angeles in 1992 was sparked by turf conflict between black and Hispanic gangs.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
13	13		
Timothy McVeigh became known as the "American Taliban" because he cooperated with Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan.	
Timothy McVeigh became known as the "American Taliban" because he cooperated with Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
 	 		 	
14	14		
When President George W. Bush spoke of the "Axis of Evil" he was referring to nations that supported terrorism, especially Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.	
When President George W. Bush spoke of the "Axis of Evil" he was referring to nations that supported terrorism, especially Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.
 	 		A)	True
 	 		B)	False
===Essay===
 	 			
1	1		
Explain the accomplishments and political realities that allowed Bill Clinton to remain popular despite scandals and impeachment.	
Explain the accomplishments and political realities that allowed Bill Clinton to remain popular despite scandals and impeachment.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2	2		
Explain the fundamental changes in the nature of the American economy that were evident by the end of the 1980s. What technological and global factors contributed to the transformation?	
Explain the fundamental changes in the nature of the American economy that were evident by the end of the 1980s. What technological and global factors contributed to the transformation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3	3		
Describe the remarkable advances in computing technology and genetic research in the 1980s and 1990s. How did this contribute both to economic progress (or setbacks), and to the "culture wars"?	
Describe the remarkable advances in computing technology and genetic research in the 1980s and 1990s. How did this contribute both to economic progress (or setbacks), and to the "culture wars"?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4	4		
How true was the statement by the journalist who wrote after September 11, 2001, "Nothing has changed…Everything has changed"?	
How true was the statement by the journalist who wrote after September 11, 2001, "Nothing has changed…Everything has changed"?
 	 			
===Study Questions===
 	 			
1 	1 		
What political weaknesses did Clinton face? What early missteps compounded his problems?	
What political weaknesses did Clinton face? What early missteps compounded his problems?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
2 	2 		
What major domestic and international trade legislation did the Clinton administration manage to push through in its first year? In what ambitious domestic initiative did the administration fail? Why?	
What major domestic and international trade legislation did the Clinton administration manage to push through in its first year? In what ambitious domestic initiative did the administration fail? Why?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
3 	3 		
What did the Clinton administration accomplish in Bosnia? What new Balkan conflict emerged?	
What did the Clinton administration accomplish in Bosnia? What new Balkan conflict emerged?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
4 	4 		
What happened in the congressional elections in 1994? How did Clinton respond?	
What happened in the congressional elections in 1994? How did Clinton respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
5 	5 		
How did Bill Clinton turn around his political fortunes between 1994 and 1996 to win reelection? What happened in the congressional elections?	
How did Bill Clinton turn around his political fortunes between 1994 and 1996 to win reelection? What happened in the congressional elections?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
6 	6 		
Describe the welfare reform of 1996.	
Describe the welfare reform of 1996.
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
7 	7 		
What were some of Clinton's fiscal policy accomplishments?	
What were some of Clinton's fiscal policy accomplishments?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
8 	8 		
Explain how the Whitewater investigation merged with charges of sexual misconduct to lead to the impeachment of President Clinton. How did his standing with the public hold up through the long controversy?	
Explain how the Whitewater investigation merged with charges of sexual misconduct to lead to the impeachment of President Clinton. How did his standing with the public hold up through the long controversy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
9 	9 		
How did the Clinton impeachment trial end? What did the whole episode say about the nature of American politics?	
How did the Clinton impeachment trial end? What did the whole episode say about the nature of American politics?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
10	10		
How did President Clinton react to Saddam Hussein's refusal to allow weapons inspections?	
How did President Clinton react to Saddam Hussein's refusal to allow weapons inspections?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
11	11		
What role did the United States play in restoring a precarious peace to the Kosovo region of Yugoslavia?	
What role did the United States play in restoring a precarious peace to the Kosovo region of Yugoslavia?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
12	12		
Explain how the Florida vote count became critical to determining who won the Presidential election of 2000 even though Al Gore won the national popular vote. How did the U.S. Supreme Court get involved? What did the Court rule? Why was it so controversial?	
Explain how the Florida vote count became critical to determining who won the Presidential election of 2000 even though Al Gore won the national popular vote. How did the U.S. Supreme Court get involved? What did the Court rule? Why was it so controversial?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
13	13		
How was the closeness of the 2000 and 2002 elections reflected in control of Congress?	
How was the closeness of the 2000 and 2002 elections reflected in control of Congress?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
14	14		
What was the goal of the George W. Bush tax policy?	
What was the goal of the George W. Bush tax policy?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
15	15		
What unprecedented new approach toward foreign policy was articulated by the Bush administration?	
What unprecedented new approach toward foreign policy was articulated by the Bush administration?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
16	16		
How did American corporations of the 1980s and 1990s seek to cut labor costs?	
How did American corporations of the 1980s and 1990s seek to cut labor costs?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
17	17		
Describe the economic boom that stretched from late 1983 to 2000. What led to the collapse of the stock process and the recession that followed?	
Describe the economic boom that stretched from late 1983 to 2000. What led to the collapse of the stock process and the recession that followed?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
18	18		
How evenly was the economic boom of the mid-1980s and 1990s spread across the population?	
How evenly was the economic boom of the mid-1980s and 1990s spread across the population?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
19	19		
Compare the benefits and costs of the rising globalization of the American economy. Which workers suffered most?	
Compare the benefits and costs of the rising globalization of the American economy. Which workers suffered most?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
20	20		
How did the Windows-based personal computer and Microsoft Corporation come to dominate the market?	
How did the Windows-based personal computer and Microsoft Corporation come to dominate the market?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
21	21		
What parts of the country benefited especially from the computer industry?	
What parts of the country benefited especially from the computer industry?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
22	22		
Describe the technological evolution of the Internet. What was the role of government and universities in this process?	
Describe the technological evolution of the Internet. What was the role of government and universities in this process?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
23	23		
How did the Internet and the World Wide Web system revolutionize communications?	
How did the Internet and the World Wide Web system revolutionize communications?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
24	24		
Describe the rise of genetic engineering. What were the new uses of DNA testing?	
Describe the rise of genetic engineering. What were the new uses of DNA testing?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
25	25		
What are the potentials of stem-cell research? Why was it so controversial?	
What are the potentials of stem-cell research? Why was it so controversial?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
26	26		
Compare and contrast post-1960s accomplishments of the African-American middle class with those of the underclass. What explains the stark disparity?	
Compare and contrast post-1960s accomplishments of the African-American middle class with those of the underclass. What explains the stark disparity?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
27	27		
What precipitated the massive 1992 Los Angeles riot? What broader implications did the event have for American race relations?	
What precipitated the massive 1992 Los Angeles riot? What broader implications did the event have for American race relations?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
28	28		
How effective was the "war on drugs"? How did drug-use patterns change?	
How effective was the "war on drugs"? How did drug-use patterns change?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
29	29		
Why did the pattern of AIDS infection in the U.S. change over time? What new medications provided hope for those infected with HIV? What part of the world suffered most from the epidemic?	
Why did the pattern of AIDS infection in the U.S. change over time? What new medications provided hope for those infected with HIV? What part of the world suffered most from the epidemic?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
30	30		
What were the motivations and key arguments on which the "right-to-life" movement rested its opposition to abortion? What gains did the movement make? How did the "pro-choice" forces respond?	
What were the motivations and key arguments on which the "right-to-life" movement rested its opposition to abortion? What gains did the movement make? How did the "pro-choice" forces respond?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
31	31		
To what extent was the environmental movement of the 1970s and 1980s a legacy of the New Left of the 1960s? What were environmentalists able to accomplish?	
To what extent was the environmental movement of the 1970s and 1980s a legacy of the New Left of the 1960s? What were environmentalists able to accomplish?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
32	32		
Compare and contrast the forces leading to standardization of mass culture with the newer, more targeted and fragmented influences. How did new media technologies facilitate segmentation?	
Compare and contrast the forces leading to standardization of mass culture with the newer, more targeted and fragmented influences. How did new media technologies facilitate segmentation?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
33	33		
From where did the "most impassioned opposition to globalization" come? Toward what three organizations did these groups direct most of their ire?	
From where did the "most impassioned opposition to globalization" come? Toward what three organizations did these groups direct most of their ire?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
34	34		
Describe the tensions within Islam over fundamentalist orthodoxy. How did "Islamism" come to be defined as a battle against the West, especially the U.S.?	
Describe the tensions within Islam over fundamentalist orthodoxy. How did "Islamism" come to be defined as a battle against the West, especially the U.S.?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
35	35		
To what extent had terrorism affected the world and the U.S. prior to 2001? Why were most Americans relatively unconcerned?	
To what extent had terrorism affected the world and the U.S. prior to 2001? Why were most Americans relatively unconcerned?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
36	36		
What new actions and attitudes resulted from the tragedy of the airborne terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon?	
What new actions and attitudes resulted from the tragedy of the airborne terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon?
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
 	 			
37	37		
Describe the outpouring of acts of courage and generosity that followed September 11, 2001. How did the attitude toward government change?	
Describe the outpouring of acts of courage and generosity that followed September 11, 2001. How did the attitude toward government change?