Buddhist mummies

Buddhist mummies, also called flesh body bodhisattvas, full body sariras, diamond bodies真有金剛不壞之身嗎？ or living buddhas (Sokushinbutsu) refer to the bodies of Buddhist monks and nuns that remain incorrupt, without any traces of deliberate mummification. These are venerated by some Buddhists who believe they successfully were able to mortify their flesh to death. "Buddhists say that only the most advanced masters can fall into some particular condition before death and purify themselves so that his dead body could not decay." Mortals and saints can remain physically immortal after death - Pravda.Ru The practise to make undecomposed bodies is controverisal in Buddhism believing in impermanence. Many were destroyed or lost in history.
==Causes==
Some are natural.中国十大肉身菩萨排行榜 Many Mahayana Buddhist monks were reported to know the time of death and left their last testaments and their students accordingly buried them sitting in lotus posture, put into a vessel with drying agents (such as coal, wood, paper, or lime) and surrounded by bricks, and be exhumed later, usually after three years. The preserved bodies would then be decorated with paint and adorned with gold.佛教肉身现象简论九华山肉身之谜 It is a common method in China. Some covered the bodies with clay or salt.
Some buddhists believed one can suffer to lessen other living beings' bad karma consequences.圆供法师：菩萨有七种【代众生受苦】的方法
如何滅罪的口訣--真空化無 According to Victor H. Mair in the Discovery channel series The mystery of the Tibetan mummy, the self-mummification of a Tibetan monk, who died ca. 1475 and whose body was retrieved relatively incorrupt in the 1990s, was achieved by the sophisticated practices of meditation, coupled with prolonged starvation and slow self-suffocation using a special belt that connected the neck with his knees in a lotus position. Someone pointed that many buddhists do fasting and meditation, and there have been many famines, but no record the dead bodies became mummies.揭开《西藏肉身佛》的层层悬疑 Buddhists knowing the time of death is common. A high proportion in the mummies are the more religious people.
Some monks in old China and Japan stuck to a sparse diet called "wood eating" or mokujiki (木食).佛道两家的木食_佛医我心 佛治我病_凤凰博报 It has been claimed the mummies of monks (Sokushinbutsu) in Japan practised nyūjō (入定), prior to their death, stuck to a wood eating diet made up of salt, nuts, seeds, roots, pine bark, and urushi tea. Some of them were buried alive in a pine-wood box full of salt.Mathews, Chris. "Ritual Self- Mummification." Japan banned unburying in 1879 and religious suicide such as helping other to suicide is now illegal.
==List==
===Theravada===
Some names lost華雨集第四冊07 or unknown.風城築夢Saddha In Arahants And Relics, The Beliefs and Practices
*Kang Senghui (康僧會)《古今显密舍利记》配图附注版
*Mahākāśyapa佛說彌勒大成佛經》卷1
*Bo-tan-wei-en佛教肉身现象简论
*Ajahn Chah阿姜曼法师全身肉身舍利
* Luang Phor Kasem Kemagoh MrYeeshkul's Thai Guru Monks
*Luang Pho Daeng
*Luang Phoo Song
*Long-po-shu怪异！泰国的高僧驾鹤西去，但肉身不死，何故？
*Pai-qiu-ba-bo-song-wei-le-ya-kun
===Mahayana===
Some name lost绵山包骨真身塑像历经千年骨架完好无损, Taoists陕西华县发现玉泉洞坐化道士干尸 泥塑真身出家人,也是人 or Xiantiandao religion (先天道).
*Shōnyo (証如)
*Zōga shōnin (増賀上人)文献上の入定ミイラ
*Ninga (仁賀), a student of Zōga
*Gensan shōnin (源算上人)
*Komatsuji shōnin (小松寺上人)
*Ganzai (願西尼) (nun)
*Kaijin (沙門戒深)
*Senkaku (暹覚法師)
*Angin Kitsudō (案山吉道)
*Kyūen (久円), a student of Kitsudō
*Jikigyō Miroku (食行身禄)
*Nikkan (日鑑上人)
*Itō Sankō (伊藤産行), a student of Miroku
*Manzō (萬蔵)
*Shan Daokai (單道開)
*Huizhi (慧直)肉身和尚集
*Zhiyi
*Zhikai (智鍇), a student of Zhiyi
*Zhixi (智晞), a student of Zhiyi
*Sengche (僧徹)
*Daoxiu (道休)
*Dayi Daoxin
*Daman Hongren
*Fapu (法普)
*Youxuan (幽玄)
*Suiduan (遂端)
*Hangxiao (行修)
*Wang (王羅漢)
*Laode (老德和尚)
*Baoyin (寶印)
*Chang (常羅漢)
*Chongyan (崇演)
*Chunan (楚南)
*Cunshou (存壽)
*Daxing (大行)
*Daoang (釋道昂)
*Daolin (釋道林)
*Daoyin (釋道因)
*Dexiu (德秀)
*Fachong (法充)
*Fapu (法普)
*Faqin (法欽)
*Guting (古庭)
*Guangyu (廣玉)
*Heluojie (訶羅謁)
*Faming (法明)
*Huanzhong (寰中)
*Hui (慧禪師)
*Huikong (慧空)
*Huishi (慧寔)
*Huiyan (慧嚴)
*Jianzhen
*Jueqing (覺慶)
*Pengpeng (沙門釋彭彭)
*Puyuan (普願)
*Ruyu (如玉)
*Shifan (師範)
*Shiyu (世瑜)
*Wenyan (文偃禪師)三、人物傳略
*Qingliangwenyi (清涼文益)
*Wuji (無迹)
*Wulou (無漏)
*Hangxiu (行修)
*Yefang (業方)
*Yi Xing
*Youxuan (幽玄)
*Zhiyuan (智圓禪師)
*Zhutanyou (竺昙猷)
*Ziyu (子瑀)
*Zongyuan (宗淵)
*Niunao (拗撓)
*Baoan (寶安)
*Canghuan (藏奂)
*Daibing (代病)
*Daozhou (道舟)
*Guangyi (光儀)
*Guangji (沙門廣寄)
*Huayan (華嚴和尚)
*Huaiyu (懷玉)
*Sengbian (僧辯)
*Wenxi (文喜)
*Yuanshao (圓紹)
*Jinggan (靜感比丘尼) (nun)
*Lingjiao (靈覺比丘尼) (nun)
*Huiyin (惠隱尼) (nun)
*Defeng (德風和尚)探索肉身之迷
*Dinghui (定慧和尚)
*Shengchuan (聖傳和尚)
*Longshan (隆山祖師)
*Changen (常恩和尚)常恩和尚
*Falong (法龍和尚)
*Huade (華德和尚)
*Yingong (銀公)五龙躔景区 - -=三佳绵山=-
*Mosi (摩斯)
*Chushan (楚山和尚)明代临济高僧楚山绍琦与成都石经寺
*Lin Huiyuan (林慧圓)南华寺六祖惠能真身考证
*Faqing (法清)
*Conggong (聰公)
*Chen Jinggu (陳靖姑) (Taoist woman)宁德《女神出世》
祖廟豐采-古田臨水宮
*Maichangtian (麥長天) (Xiantiandao leader)广东仙、佛真身探秘
*Wuji (無際大師) 南岳无际大师肉身”屈居东瀛风波真相“东方木乃伊”何时归故里？
*Shinsō Gyōjun (心相行順大行者)
*Kōchi (弘智法印)Mummies in Northern Japan即身仏一覧表
*Tanzei (弾誓上人)
*Arisada (宥貞法印)
*Shungi (舜義上人)
*Shūkai (秀快上人)
*Myōshin (妙心法師)御正体山の妙心上人即身仏の思想的背景
*Huihuan (慧寬法師)绥化市望奎县红光寺惊现肉身舍利
*Xianliang (顯亮沙彌尼) (nun), student of Huihuan
*Haiyun (海雲禪師).从白塔寺到法源寺追寻海云禅师真身之谜
*Zhou Fengchen (周凤臣) (laywoman)香河老人专题－学佛感应十年不腐揭秘“香河老人”肉身不腐之谜(图)
*Tian Zhichao (田志超)空王古佛道场 汉人成佛圣地——绵山抱腹寺(人文文化)
*Jiaofeng (焦豐居士) (layman)绵山宗教
*Yuantong (圓通和尚)
*Siben (思本)千年古刹正果寺 舍利真身探秘
*Huaide(懷德)
*Shixian (師顯)
*Shenyuan (神遠)
*Xinhui (性慧)
*Xintian (性添)
*Haicheng (海澄)
*Chanhua (禪化)
*Lijin (立謹)
*Zhiyuen (智遠)
*Faxing (法信)
*Yikong (一空)
*Yunhe (雲鶴)
*Mingyue (明月)
*Mingliang (明亮)
*Lin Guanrong (林观荣) (layman)男子将亡父制成木乃伊 7年不腐烂
*Haiqing (海庆师父)中国肉身菩萨全纪录
*Haimo (海墨老和尚)
*Wu Yunqing (吴云青) (Taoist)“160岁高僧圆寂8年真身不腐”调查“160岁寿星”幕后新闻
*Deqing (德清)中国肉身菩萨出家祖地分布图
*Dizang(Jin qiaojiao) (地藏(金喬覺))金地藏与九华山地藏文化--谢澍田
*Wuxia(Haiyu) ((無暇禪師)海玉和尚)揭开佛教圣地九华山肉身菩萨之谜
*Daxing (大興和尚)
*Ciming (慈明和尚)
*Mingjing (明净法师)
*Renyi (仁义比丘尼) (nun)
*Puwen (普文和尚)导游词
*Lezhen (了真大師)
百年不腐 盘点世界各地真实版“睡美人
*Yinlian (隐莲法师)中国肉身菩萨隐莲法师回忆录
*Shi-Cihang (慈航法師)肉身菩薩肉身菩薩 --- 立地成佛傳奇
*Qing-Yen (清嚴法師)
*Ying-Miao (瀛妙法師)
*Pu-Chao (普照法師)肉身菩薩普照法師　20多年保持良好
*De-Hsiu (德休師父) (nun) 基隆德休師父坐缸菩薩　台灣女性第一人慈安宮也是開缸肉身不壞
*K'ai-Feng (釋開豐)坐缸肉身菩薩　純金雕塑金身
*Mrs Sung (宋老太太) (laywoman)吃齋勤禮佛60年　屏東老婦去世前即預言坐缸成肉身佛靈鬼盜氣
*Ma Jinying (馬金瑛) (Taoist woman)仙妈简介
*Gao Bangniang (高榜娘) (laywoman)
*Gao Guaniang (高瓜娘) (laywoman), sister of Gao Bangniang闽南神奇的肉身佛福州晚报
*Miaozhi (妙智和尚)福建“肉身舍利” 116岁高僧肉身敷金香港佛教556期
*Dajian Huineng六祖慧能大师真身1200年保存完好的心酸历史
*Wujinzhang (無盡藏比丘尼) (nun) 六祖法寶壇經淺釋（機緣品第七）
*Hanshan (憨山大師)
*Dantian (丹田和尚)
*Bingong (賓公生佛)正果诗旅：从“正因”抵达“正果”正果寺广东增城正果寺导游词
*Yuet Kai (月溪法師)月溪法師
===Vajrayana===
Some name lostDiscovery channel series The mystery of the Tibetan mummy吉祥天母千年肉身，至今发甲仍在生长
*Kūkai
*Jōjin (成尋)
*Yuihan ajari (阿闍梨 維範)
*Kōgyō-Daishi
*Rinken ajari (検校 阿闍梨 琳賢)
*Junkai (淳海) 失われた即身仏・ミイラ
*Gekkōkai shōnin (月光海上人)
*Shinkai shōnin (岑海上人)
*Bogd KhanBuddhist mummification traditions - Reuben Rutledge
*Śubhakarasiṃha (善無畏)
*Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov (no known methods of mummification detected, the body's condition is not clear for scientists)
*Honmyōkai shōnin (本明海上人)	
*Zenkai (全海法師)
*Chūkai shōnin (忠海上人)
*Shinnyokai shōnin (真如海上人)
*Enmyōkai shōnin (円明海上人)
*Tetsumonkai shōnin (鉄門海上人)鉄門海上人とみ新蔵(1966). 鉄門海上人伝(Manga)
*Kōmyōkai shōnin (光明海上人)
*Myōkai shōnin (明海上人)
*Tetsuryūkai shōnin (鉄龍海上人)
*Bukkai or Futsukai shōnin (仏海上人)木食僧仏海さんの話
*9th Konga Xutugtu (貢噶呼圖克圖)密宗大成就者无数，圆寂征相图文收集（肉身菩萨、虹身、舍利等……）
*17th Living Buddha of Sweet Dew (甘孜活佛)
*H. E. Karu
*Konga oldman (貢噶老人) (laywoman), a student of 9th Konga Xutugtu
*13th Dalai Lama
==Notes==
==See also==
*Mummy
*Incorruptibility
==References==
*内藤正敏 (1999/5/10). ミイラ信仰の研究.（京都）法蔵館. ISBN 9784831872449
*日本ミイラ研究グループ (1993). 日本・中国ミイラ信仰の研究. 平凡社. ISBN 4582420028
Category:Mummies
Category:Buddhist pilgrimage
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