Constitution of the Adorian Federation

The Constitution of the Adorian Federation is the document that dictates the structures of and rights protected by the Adorian Federation. For an up-to-date version, see https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ldg9Z8mw4jmHpyXKO-WpxCzeo4xpDVrCRk5d3K1__ME/edit
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==== Chapter I. (Fundamental Principles) ====
Article 1.
Adoria is a Federal Semi-Presidential Republic, based on the dignity of the human person and the will of the people who are committed to building a free and just society that embraces solidarity.
Article 2.
* All of the rights on this document and the legislation enacted by the National Assembly are to be equally applied to all those who reside in Adoria.
* All citizens possess the same social dignity and are equal before the law.
* No one may be privileged, favored, prejudiced, deprived of any right or exempted from any duty for reasons of ancestry, sex, race, language, territory of origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs, education, economic situation, social circumstances or sexual orientation. 
Article 3.
The Adorian Federation is a democratic state based on the rule of law, the sovereignty of the people,
plural democratic expression and political organization, respect for and the guarantee of the effective
implementation of the fundamental rights and freedoms, and the separation and interdependence of
powers, with a view to achieving economic, social and cultural democracy and deepening participatory
Democracy.
Article 4.
The state is subject to the Constitution and is based on democratic legality. 
Article 5.
* The people exercise political power by means of universal, equal, direct, secret and periodic suffrage, referendum and the other forms provided for in the Constitution.
* Political parties exist in order to contribute to the organization and expression of the will of the people, with respect for the principles of national independence, the unity of the state and political democracy. 
Article 6.
Born human life is inviolable and in no case shall there thus be a death penalty.
Article 7.
A citizen of Adoria may not be forcibly exiled from Adoria nor deprived of citizenship, nor extradited to another state, except in cases where he or she is convicted of terrorism or in execution of a decision on extradition or surrender made in compliance with international treaties.
Article 8.
Every persons moral and physical integrity is inviolable, therefore no one may be subject to torture or to cruel, degrading or inhumane treatment or punishment.
Article 9.
In no case shall there be involuntary servitude.
Article 10.
No one may be sentenced under the criminal law unless the action or omission in question is punishable under a pre-existing law.
Article 11.
Everyone has the right to form a family and to marry under the conditions of full equality once reaching the age of eighteen. The law shall regulate the requisites for and the effects of marriage and it’s dissolution by death or divorce, regardless of the form in which it was entered into.
Article 12.
Everyone has the right to freely express and divulge their thoughts in words, images or by any other means, as well as the right to inform others, inform themselves and be informed without hindrance or discrimination. The extent of this shall be laid down by act of the National Assembly.
Article 13.
Freedom of the press is guaranteed.The extent of this of this shall be laid down by act of the National Assembly.
Article 14.
Citizens shall possess the right to freely associate with one another without requiring any authorisation, on condition that such associations are not intended to promote violence and their purposes are not contrary to the criminal law. Associations shall pursue their purposes freely and without interference from the public authorities and shall not be dissolved by the state or have their activities suspended, except in such cases as the law may provide for and then only by judicial order.
Article 15.
Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to private property and to the transmission thereof in life or upon death. Requisitions and expropriations of property in the public interest shall only occur within due process of the law and upon payment of just compensation. What is considered to be private property and just compensation may be laid down by act of the national assembly.
Article 16. 
Citizens have the right to bear firearms. Regulations and limitations of this will be laid down by act of the National Assembly.
Article 17.
The freedom to conscience, of religion and of form of worship shall not be infringed upon by the State of Adoria. The State of Adoria shall not make legislation under any pretext, regulating, encouraging or limiting any form of worship, such as but not limited to; the establishment of an official state religion, the promotion of any religion above another, or forbidding the worship of any religion in preference for another.
Article 18.
There shall be freedom of intellectual, artistic and scientific creation. The extent of this of this will be laid down by act of the National Assembly.
Article 19.
Citizens have the right to meet peacefully, even in places that are open to the public, without the need for any authorization unless by Act of the National Assembly or executive order in the interest of public order or safety.
Article 20.
Every citizen over the age of eighteen has the right to take part in political life and the direction of the country’s public affairs, either directly or via freely elected representatives.
Article 21.
Political power lies with the people and shall be exercised in accordance with the Constitution.
Article 22.
Political officeholders are politically, civilly and criminally liable for their actions and omissions in the
exercise of their functions.
Article 23.
Retroactive punishment shall not be used.
Article 24.
People have the freedom to travel within Adoria and to leave it at any time. This freedom may be restricted in general or for specific individuals or organisations a) to combat an ongoing epidemic or pandemic; b) as part of the sentence for a crime; c) by court order; or d) with respect to public safety during a military conflict or crisis.
Article 25.
Adorian laws and regulations will also be applied to Adorian based companies’ activities abroad.
==== Chapter II (President of the Republic) ====
Article 26.
Elections for the President of the Federation and the Vice President of the Federation shall be every four weeks by direct universal suffrage, with elections starting on Saturday at the end of said four weeks. The new President of the Federation must be sworn in the Tuesday after elections and the old President's term will end once the new one is sworn in. To be eligible to run for presidency, a presidential ticket must have at least ten signatures supporting their candidacy for President and Vice President and must be a citizen of the Federation of Adoria for at least 3 weeks prior to election day. In the event that a citizen moves away from Adoria they must move back at least 3 weeks before the presidential elections to be eligible to run. No President may carry out more than two consecutive terms of office. The President can be removed by impeachment. They may also not hold any other office while President
Article 27.
The President of the Federation and the Vice President of the Federation shall be elected by an absolute majority of votes cast. In case no ticket secures a majority, the two tickets with the most support are advanced to a second round. If there is a tie for second place in the first round, the ticket with the most votes is advanced along with all tickets in the aforementioned tie to a second round. If the second round is tied with no ticket reaching a majority the ticket with the most votes is the winner. If the second round is exactly tied, the President and the Vice President are decided separately by the vote of all governors in which the candidate with the most votes wins. If the vote of governors is tied, the election will be decided by the National Assembly in which the candidate with the most votes wins.
Article 28.
If the President of the Federation: 
* Is unable to perform his functions temporarily, the Vice President becomes President until the President is available to perform their functions. They may appoint a temporary Vice President for the duration in which they perform the tasks of President
* Is unable to perform their functions for the rest of the term, has been removed from office, has resigned; the Vice President is designated as President, and must designate a new Vice President who must pass a simple majority vote in the National Assembly.
* If the President-Elect is unable to be sworn in once the former President's term ends then the Vice President Elect may be sworn in as acting president. As soon as the new President is available they must be sworn in.
Article 29.
The President appoints the Prime Minister of the Federation after a governing coalition has been formed from newly elected parties. A governing coalition will require consent from all parties involved in order to be valid, as well as the allocation of cabinet positions to the correct parties, with the prime minister being specifically named. The coalition must have a majority of seats. However, if a majority government has not been formed two days after the election concluded, a minority government may form. Upon the end of these two days, there will be a grace period of twenty-four hours for the largest minority coalition to be presented to the president.
* In the event that a governing coalition forms with less than a majority of seats in the National Assembly, the cabinet submitted will be appointed in the status of a caretaker and the person proposed  by the governing coalition for Prime Minister must pass a motion of confidence to take the office. This motion of confidence must list the proposed Prime Minister’s name, the political party they are affiliated with, and support from at least 1 member from each party within the governing coalition. It will then be posted by the Vice President for a vote in the National Assembly. If it does not pass a simple majority then the proposed Prime Minister will be barred from serving in the position of Prime Minister for the remainder of the election cycle. In the event that 3 candidates for the role of Prime Minister does not pass a motion of confidence, the government shall assume the role of a minority caretaker government for the remainder of the term.
* The first Deputy Prime Minister shall be appointed with the submitted cabinet as Prime Minister with no executive powers whatsoever, and shall be known as the Minority Caretaker Prime Minister. If all 3 candidates for the role of Prime Minister do not pass a motion of confidence, the  Minority Caretaker Prime Minister shall hold the position for the remainder of the term. If a motion of confidence is passed, then the Minority Caretaker Prime Minister returns to the position of first Deputy Prime Minister
Article 30. 
The President of the Federation may dissolve the National Assembly,
* At the proposal of the Government, with the countersignature of the Prime Minister
* If the Government is removed by a vote of no confidence
* If the National Assembly fails to adopt the state budget within one week after the Government is formed.
Article 31.
The President may not dissolve the National Assembly while impeachment proceedings are underway for any violation of the Constitution.
Article 32. 
The President of the Federation shall be the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Federation of Adoria and shall chair the National Defence Council with the Minister of Defence as the Vice-Chair of this council. The Vice President with up to six members appointed by the Vice-Chair for a four week term shall be on this council. The Chair shall appoint and dismiss military commanders within the council.
Article 33. 
Pursuant to a decision of the Adorian National Assembly, the President of the Federation may declare war and conclude peace. In the event of a clear and present danger to the independence, integrity and existence of the Federation of Adoria, the President of the Federation may, with the countersignature of the Prime Minister, order the use of the armed forces even if a state of war has not been declared.
Article 34. 
The President of the Republic may propose to the National Assembly that it hold a session to consider specific issues. This will lead to a debate in which the President may participate along with other Members of the National Assembly. The President after this session may tell the Vice President to put the proposed legislation up for a vote in the Assembly. The President will not be permitted to vote upon the issue.
Article 35. 
The President of the Federation may, at the proposal of the Government and with the countersignature of the Prime Minister, grant remissions of sentence and commute sentences. The National Assembly may overrule remissions and commutes of sentences with a two-thirds majority.
Article 36. 
The President of the Federation shall not be detained without prior approval by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Article 37. 
The President of the Federation may issue decrees with the force of law and repeal any decrees issued by former Presidents. The National Assembly may overrule decrees issued by the President with a 3/5 majority
Article 38.
The President of the Federation shall have power to return laws with a reason to the National Assembly for a second vote which then needs to pass a three-fifths plurality vote. This may only be done within twenty-four hours after the National Assembly approved of the law. Laws reaffirmed by the National Assembly in this way may not be returned, neither may already enacted laws.
Article 39.
Before taking office, the President of the Federation shall take before the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court a solemn oath of allegiance to the Constitution. If the Vice President becomes the President of the Federation, they shall take before the Justice of the Supreme Court or the judge of the High Court, a solemn oath of allegiance to the Constitution:
I swear by my honour that I will perform the duty of the President of the Federation of Adoria conscientiously and responsibly, for the benefit of the Adorian people and all Adorian citizens.
As Adorian head of state: I will abide by the Constitution and the law, 
to take care of the respect of the constitutional order of the Federation of Adoria,
to monitor the orderly and fair operation of all state authorities,
to preserve the independence, survival and uniqueness of the state of Adoria.
Article 40.
The National Assembly will be dissolved twelve hours before two weeks have passed since the last election.
==== Chapter III (The National Assembly) ====
Article 41.
The National Assembly is the entity that represents all Adorian citizens and is elected every two weeks on the Saturday before their term is up with exception of snap elections; Snap Election will be held
* If the vote of no confidence against the Cabinet passes and a new majority government does not form in 24 hours.
* If a bill to call a snap election passes.
*In case a snap election happens; the next election will always be held on the closest saturday after 7 days the snap election was called.
Article 42.
The National Assembly is the entity that represents all Adorian citizens and is elected on the first Saturday after the dissolution.
Article 43.
The National Assembly shall have a minimum of twenty-five and a maximum of one hundred members, as laid down by electoral law. The threshold for an independent will be a minimum of one seat, with them being able to win a maximum of one seat. The threshold for parties may range from zero percent up to ten percent.
Article 44.
The members of the National Assembly shall be elected using Party-list proportional representation using the modified D'Hondt method.
Article 45.
* Nominations are submitted by the political party leader(s)/deputy leader(s) or independents to the election commission.
Article 46.
Powers of members of the National Assembly
* To vote in the voting chamber, no other office except that of a Member of the National Assembly may vote in the voting chamber unless there is a tie, the Vice President has the authority to cast a tie-breaking vote.
* To submit Member’s bills, draft Rules of Procedure, draft resolutions, particularly in relation to referenda, and draft decisions, and to request that they are scheduled for debate. All of which shall require at least one signature by a Member of the National Assembly.
* To take part and speak in parliamentary debates, as laid down in the Rules of Procedure.
* To question the Government about any of its acts or those of the public administration, and to obtain answers within a reasonable time limit, save for the provisions of the law on matters concerning state secrets.
* To request and obtain the elements, information and official publications they deem useful to the exercise of their mandate from the Government or the organs of any public entity.
*May request a special debate by the President of the Assembly. These special debates can mandate anyone from the executive branch to be at the debate. 
Article 47.
Members of the National Assembly are not civilly or criminally liable for or subject to disciplinary proceedings in relation to their votes or the opinions they express in the exercise of their functions.
Article 48.
IV. The Explusion of a Member of the National Assembly shall occur by a 2/3rds National Assembly vote in addition to the President of the Federation's signature and either the Prime Minister or Assembly President Pro Tempore's counter-signature.
Article 49.
The Vice President shall be presiding officer and administrative head of the National Assembly. The Vice President may not serve as a Member of The National Assembly while in office or serve as a presiding officer of any court.
Article 50.
Unless otherwise specified by the Constitution, the National Assembly shall adopt decisions by a simple majority vote, the voting period of which shall last for twenty four consecutive hours. 
Article 51.
The Vice President and Speaker of the National Assembly may be removed by a 2/3rds National Assembly vote. A new Vice President may be appointed by the President, who must pass a simple majority vote in the National Assembly.
Article 52.
Powers of the Vice President:
* Posting the bills in the voting chamber.
* Organising debates at the request of the Members of the National Assembly.
* Temporarily (a maximum of six hours, every twenty-four hours) removing members from the National Assembly if they are out of order
* Allowing guests that are not National Assembly members to speak if they are called upon by the author of a bill, law, amendment, tax, or motion.
Article 53.
Authors of a bill may call upon “guest speakers”, or members outside of the National Assembly during debates and proceedings. These guest speakers will be given the right to speak and debate like any other National Assembly member. They will not however be given the right to vote and may be told to stop speaking at any time by the Vice President or bill authors.
==== Chapter IV (National Government) ====
Article 54.
The Government and the Office of the President are the entities that conduct the country’s general policy and are the senior organ of public administration.
Article 55.
* The Government comprises the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister(s) and the Ministers.
* The Government may include up to three Deputy Prime Ministers.
* The Prime Minister has power of all members of the Government.
* The number, designation, and responsibilities of the ministries offices and the forms of coordination between them shall be decided in each case by the decree appointing the respective officeholders or by law.
* The Prime Minister may not hold any other office than that of Prime Minister and Member of the National Assembly while in office. Upon assuming the office of Prime Minister, they will automatically be removed from all other positions other than that of the National Assembly.
* The Government coalition comprises all parties that are in or support the Government.
Article 56.
During his absence or inability to perform his functions, each Minister shall be substituted by the Deputy Minister in his department, or, in the absence of such a position, by the member of a party in the Government coalition designated by the Prime Minister.
Article 57.
The Government’s Programme shall set out the main political guidelines and the measures that are to be adopted or proposed in the various areas of governmental activity. In the event that a government becomes a caretaker its ministers will lose the right to executive power.
* A caretaker government is formed when a new government does not form after the conclusion of a general election. 
* A minority caretaker is different from a caretaker and the powers of it are stipulated in article 29.
Article 58.
The Government is accountable to the President of the Federation and the National Assembly.
Article 59.
The Government may be removed by a vote of no confidence if it passes a simple majority.
==== Chapter V (Judicial) ====
Article 60.
The Supreme court shall have seven justices on its bench, six justices, and one Chief Justice. The length of a Justice's term is four weeks. Each government term, The President together with the Prime Minister puts forward new justices and removes justices whose term has expired to sit on the courts, they must pass the National Assembly with a simple majority. If there is no president OR incumbent’s president term expired, the president-elect shall be able to put forward new justices and remove justices whose terms have expired to sit on the courts. This will be the highest court in the country and thus it’s ruling cannot be overruled or appealed, unless an associate justice wishes to re-open the case. It will hear cases on the constitutionality of laws, actions of the executive branch, appeals of the lower courts as well as handle all electoral cases. In order to be Chief Justice one must have served at least one full term on the Supreme Court. A justice can be relieved of judicial office at his/her own request, if impeached or if they didn't vote on three consecutive cases. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be presiding officer and administrative head of the Supreme Court.
* No Supreme Court Justice may hold any public office other than MNA during their term in the Supreme Court
* For the removal of inactive Justices, at least five Justices must sign with the countersignature from the President and Prime Minister.
* Any removal for inactivity is liable for appeal by the removed justice or another sitting justice and requires a majority to reinstate.
* If the term of a bench has ended, the bench shall not be dissolved until a new one is appointed
Article 61.
Court hearings are public, save when, in order to safeguard personal dignity or public morals or to ensure its own normal operation, the court itself decides otherwise in a written order that sets out the grounds for its decision.
Article 62.
The law shall ensure that lawyers enjoy the immunities needed to exercise their mandates and shall
regulate legal representation as an element that is essential to the administration of justice.
Article 63.
The voting period for a case shall start upon the conclusion of the trial and last for twenty-four hours or until a majority votes for a verdict or punishment. If a justice is directly involved in the case, they shall not have permission to vote on the verdict or punishment.
Article 64.
The Justice of the Supreme Court may, if he deems it necessary, strike down any executive action. If any other Justice disagrees, the executive action will stay in place and the Supreme Court will vote on whether to lift the veto.
Article 65.
The National Assembly may adopt an act about the High Court of the Adorian Federation with a ⅔ majority vote. The act may only be amended, repealed or replaced with a vote of the same margin. The act may have provisions that require a vote of more than a simple majority.
==== Chapter VI (State Government) ====
Article 66.
The borders and amount of States shall be determined by act of the National Assembly
The States and their names shall be as follows, with their borders to be determined by act of the National Assembly. The names of States shall be determined by the States themselves under the required criteria:
* The proposed name is supported by the State by a 2/3rds State Referendum
* States cannot be named after Mass Murderers or those who have committed crimes against humanity.
Article 67.
State governments, by default, are headed by a governor and are to be using direct democracy for all local issues, as outlined in article 70. Governors shall be elected by an absolute majority of votes cast. In case no candidate secures a majority, the two candidates with the most support are advanced to a second round. If there is a tie for second place in the first round, the candidate with the most votes is advanced along with all candidates in the aforementioned tie to a second round. If the second round is tied with no candidate reaching a majority the candidate with the most votes is the winner. If the second round is exactly tied, the winner is decided by a vote in the National Assembly in which the candidate with the most votes wins. Governors are required to announce all actions they make as governor, as well as all bills that are passed in their State. Their term ends upon the conclusion of the next gubernatorial elections which start on Thursday and last for 3 weeks. Governors may not hold a position of minister during their gubernatorial term. They may still be appointed deputy minister, Deputy Prime Minister notwithstanding.
Article 68.
Each State will have a lieutenant governor who must be assigned within forty-eight hours after gubernatorial elections have concluded. They will assume the position of governor if the elected governor is absent for more than forty-eight hours. What qualifies as “absent” shall be determined by the election commission. If the governor does not return within twenty-four hours after the lieutenant governor has assumed their position, snap elections will be held for the State as soon as it is convenient for the election commission to do so. In the event of a governor resigning, their lieutenant governor shall assume the office of governor. How lieutenant governors are put into their position will be up to the discretion of the governor.
Article 69.
Only the governor or lieutenant governor of a State may post bills for voting in their State. All State bills must have a voting period of twenty four consecutive hours, starting as soon the bill is posted and must have a simple majority to pass unless otherwise specified by a law laid down by the National Assembly. The only case where this voting process may be suspended and the governor may executively enact laws is when the Prime Minister, Minister of Interior & Homeland Security or President allow it via an executive order in a time of crisis. Anything enacted during this period may be overwritten by the Prime Minister, Minister of Interior & Homeland Security, President or National Assembly.
Article 70.
If a governor wishes to do so, they may establish an advisory committee to assist with local legislation. States can also, with a 2/3rds vote, change their form of governance. To do this, at least 20% of the electorate that voted in the previous gubernatorial election must submit a petition outlining how the new State government will work. The petition may be in the form of a constitution or a bill.  It must be a democratic system with the head for the state elected by an absolute majority of votes cast and must be approved by the Chief Justice. The current governor will be required to put the proposed system up for a vote and after passage with a 2/3rds majority, it will be codified as law. In the event that the State passes said petition, Article 67 will be automatically voided for said State. To amend the petition, it must be passed with the state requirement and approved by the Chief Justice. 
Article 71.
The Provinces shall have extended autonomy and may set a law unless a federal law is already in place on the subject. In the event that a federal law is already in place, the new provincial law must fall within the guidelines of the federal law. If not then the National Assembly may choose to contest a provincial law and the provincial law may be repealed with a 3/5ths majority of National Assembly Members voting to repeal it. The following subjects are limited to the national legislative body;
* National Defence
* Foreign affairs
* Elections
* Citizenship, naturalization, and aliens
* Prison
* National Criminal Law
* Intelligence collection
* Federal Police
* International trade
* Fiat, coinage or its foreign exchange and recognition of new legal tender
* Banking
* The Supreme Court and the High Court
Article 72.
Both the national legislative body, ministers (with exception the Prime Minister unless the relevant ministry is vacant) and provinces shall have jurisdiction over the following subjects;
* Interstate Commerce (with exception to any tariff, quota or excise and privacy shield)
* Healthcare
* Local and Provincial Police
* Airways; aircraft, and air navigation.
* Posts and telegraphs; telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of communication
* Economic and Social planning
* City planning
* Education
* Local infrastructure
* Construction and maintenance of cultural sites
* Emergency services
* Protection of wildlife and nature
* Transfer of public property
* Preventive detention for reasons connected with the security of a state, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community
* Organization of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Court
* Trade unions; industrial and labour disputes
* Relief and rehabilitation of persons
* Vital data, including registration of births and deaths
* Preventing and containment of infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting people, animals or plants
* Inter-provincial transport (In the event of conflict between provinces the National Assembly’s ruling will always override the provincial one)
* Insurance
Article 73.
States will have the right to hold binding and non-binding state-wide referendums. For a referendum to be considered legally binding, turnout has to be at least 50% of that of the last gubernatorial election. Voting period for a referendum shall be 24 hours.
Article 74.
State governments will be given the right to challenge taxation laid out by the National Assembly in a public hearing scheduled by the Speaker of the National Assembly and presided over by the Minister of Finance and Chair of the Bank of Adoria. Here, governors may offer alternative brackets that overrule the national rate for their State and go to the Board of Bank Governors for a vote. If a tax plan is denied, the governor of the corresponding State may request the vote total be made public.
==== Chapter VII (Other) ====
Article 75.
The Admission of new States to the Federation shall require 50%+1 of the Voting National Assembly with the following criteria:
* No State(s) can have its jurisdictions or borders altered without the State(s) consenting to it by a Simple Majority State Referendum
* No State(s) can be abolished without a Simple Majority State Referendum in the said State(s).
* Alternatively, the National Assembly may bypass 5d(1) and 5d(2) with a 3/5ths National Referendum. To call this referendum a 3/5 National Assembly vote is require
Article 76.
State governments alone shall authorize any bill pertaining to non-corporate charter, waste management or charitable institutions, religious endowments, and religious institutions.
Article 77.
Grounds for Impeachment are the following: Treason, bribery, abuse or violation of some public trust, misconduct of public service, misdemeanor, or felony. The term "civil officer" also applies to Presidents, Members of the National Assembly, Ministers, Governors and civil servants. No government body can pardon an impeached official, nor can it be appealed
Article 78.
Any article of this document may be changed. Changes to this document need to pass a vote by a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly and be approved by a simple majority of all the governors. Pursuant to a national referendum which passed by a two-thirds majority and a simple majority approval of all the governors, the President of the Federation may replace this document. Any changes to the numbering of chapters, articles or subsections shall automatically be done upon the addition of the above via an amendment.
Article 79.
The National Assembly shall have the sole power of Impeachment. An impeachment inquiry with specific allegations of misconduct in one or more articles of impeachment can be started by a simple majority vote in the National Assembly.
The National Assembly tries the accused with the Chief Justice presiding over the proceedings. In the case of the impeachment of the Chief Justice, the Justice of the Supreme Court designated by the Vice President presides over the proceedings.
The Vice President selects managers to present the case to the National Assembly. The proceedings unfold in the form of a trial, with the Vice President having the right to call witnesses and each side having the right to perform cross-examinations. Managers during the course of the trial, present the prosecution case, and the prosecuted official has the right to mount a defense with his or her own attorneys as well.
If the Vice President is the subject of an impeachment inquiry, the Chief Justice will select managers with confirmation from the Minister of Justice. If the Minister of Justice is him or herself absent, the Chief Justice alone may initiate the next step of the case without confirmation.
Punishment for Impeachment on at least one felony, one misdemeanor of the first degree, two misdemeanors of the second degree or both one misdemeanor of the second degree and one misdemeanor of the first degree is removal from Office and a set period of time where the person being impeached will not be allowed to hold any public office for up to four weeks, determined by the Chief Justice and ruled on by a full bench. If a full bench is unestablished, this will be submitted to the National Assembly and confirm with a two-thirds majority instead.
Grounds for Impeachment are the following: Treason, bribery, abuse or violation of some public trust, misconduct of public service, illegal detention, misdemeanor. The term "civil officer" also applies to Presidents, Members of the National Assembly, Ministers, Governors and civil servants. No government body can pardon an impeached official, nor can it be appealed.
Article 80.
The National Assembly or the President may call 
* A non-binding referendum on any proposal to amend the Constitution of the Federation of Adoria.
* A binding referendum on any bill or any other issue falling within its purview.   The electorate may also call a binding referendum on any bill or any other issue when so requested by twenty percent of the total electorate that voted in the last presidential election of the Federation of Adoria.
Article 81.
A referendum may be repealed by another referendum or by a two-thirds majority vote in the National Assembly.
Article 82.
When the National assembly has been dissolved due to snap, Presidential decree or Normal elections. The current government will take the form of caretaker government and will be prohibited from taking Executive orders until a new government has been formed.
Article 83.
1. If the National Assembly or the sitting government wishes to join an international organization a petition to start negotiations may be done in the form of an executive order by the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, or President or in the form of a bill.
* If this petition passes and the negotiations are successful, the national assembly may:
* Call a binding referendum to join this organization, where at least a simple majority of votes cast is needed to join.
* Pass a bill to join this organization with a ⅔ Assembly vote.
2. If the National Assembly or the sitting government wishes to sign a treaty, a petition to start negotiations may be done in the form of an executive order by the Prime Minister, or President or in the form of a bill.
* If this petition passes and the negotiations are successful, the national assembly may:
* Call a binding referendum to sign this treaty, where at least a simple majority of votes cast is needed to join.
* Pass a bill to sign this treaty with a ⅔ Assembly vote.
== References ==
Category:National laws of the Fifth Adorian Republic
Category:Government legislation in the Fifth Adorian Republic
Category:All laws of the Fifth Adorian Republic