Ministry Of(-Real) Magic

A Ministry of Magic was the primary governing body of the magical community in many countries. Headed by a Minister for Magic, a Ministry of Magic was responsible for regulating and enforcing laws for the magical community, as well as keeping said community hidden from the Muggle world.In Great Britain, at least, the term "Ministry of Magic" seemed to be synonymous with "form of wizarding government", since the term was, on occasion, loosely applied to also refer to the Wizards' Council that preceded the British Ministry.
==Known countries with Ministries of Magic==
===Africa===
*Burkina Faso
===Asia===
*China
*Bangladesh
*India
*Iran
*Japan
*Mongolia
*Pakistan	
===Europe===
*Andorra
*Bulgaria
*France
*Germany
*Great Britain
*Italy
*Liechtenstein
*Norway
*Spain
*Transylvania	
===Oceania===
*New Zealand
===South America===
*Brazil
==Alternative forms of magical government==
Known alternative forms of magical government:
*The Magical Congress of the United States of America (MACUSA) was another example.
*Council of Magic, the Argentinian one being a case in point. It is unknown precisely what distinguishes a Council of Magic from a Ministry of Magic.
==Videos==
Ministry of Magic - Harry Potter
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*Harry Potter: The Wand Collection
*The Art of Harry Potter Mini Book of Graphic Design
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=British Ministry-Of(-Real) Magic=
The Ministry of Magic (M.o.M.) was the main governing body of the magical community of Great Britain (i.e. England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland, with the intention of preservation of magical law. The Ministry connected the British government to the wizarding world. The headquarters of the Ministry was under the HM Treasury building and Whitehall, in central London, deep underground.It was headed by the Minister for Magic. By 2019, the Minister for Magic was Hermione Granger. Each Prime Minister of Great Britain was visited by the Minister for Magic. During the height of the Dark Lord's power, the Minister for Magic worked with the Muggle Prime Minister to ensure protection for the Muggle world.The Ministry of Magic was formed as a successor to the earlier Wizards' Council and came into being in 1707. It was involved, in some capacity before its actual formation, in the International Confederation of Wizards' decision to enact the Statute of Secrecy in 1692, which took the responsibility of enforcing said Statute in the United Kingdom. The laws against magic-use by underage wizards and against wand use by non-wizard folk were also enforced by the Ministry, in part to maintain secrecy.Other countries, such as Norway, France, Germany, Bulgaria, etc., had their own Ministries of Magic. The United States of America was one of the exceptions, given that its governing magical body was instead referred to as a "Magical Congress" (MACUSA).
==Headquarters==
The headquarters of the Ministry of Magic was located in the heart of London. The actual structure was all underground, although magical windows showed whatever weather Magical Maintenance had chosen for the day, from bright sunshine to hurricanes.
===Visitors' entrance===
Visitors to the Ministry of Magic came to a broken-down red telephone box on a dingy street which had several shabby offices, a pub, and a wall covered with graffiti. When the telephone in the box was dialled (62442, the word M-A-G-I-C), the welcome witch's voice answered, not from the phone, but from the air, as if the person was standing right there. 
Visitors had to state their business, upon which a silver badge popped out with the visitor's name and purpose of visit. Then the telephone box dropped down like a lift for about one minute, after which the visitor would be in the Atrium.
===The Atrium===
The Atrium was on level 8. It was a large hall with fireplaces up and down both long walls. Down the left-hand side of the hall were gilded fireplaces which witches and wizards used to arrive at the Ministry. The right-hand side contained gilded fireplaces as well, and these were used for departures. The floor was polished dark wood. The ceiling was peacock blue with golden symbols moving across it. 
The Fountain of Magical Brethren was halfway down the Atrium. A group of golden statues, depicting a wizard, a witch, a centaur, a goblin, and a house-elf, spouted water into the surrounding pool of water. At the end of the Atrium was a set of golden gates, next to which was a security stand. Eric Munch was usually on duty here. He registered the wands of visitors. Another smaller hall was beyond the gates, where there was a series of lifts. The lifts provided access to the other levels, except the tenth.
===Levels===
On level one were the offices of the Minister for Magic and Support Staff.
On level two was the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.
On level three was the Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes.
On level four was the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures.
On level five was the Department of International Magical Co-operation.
On level six was the Department of Magical Transportation.
On level seven was the Department of Magical Games and Sports.
On level eight was the Atrium.
On level nine was the Department of Mysteries.
Level ten could only be reached by the stairs to the left of the door which led to the Department of Mysteries on level nine. Courtroom Ten was first seen during Harry's first forays into Dumbledore's Pensieve, when he witnessed various Death Eater trials. Dungeon-like corridors led to Courtroom Ten. The walls of the courtroom were dark stone. In the centre of the room was a chair covered in chains that stood below rows of high benches on which the Wizengamot sat.
==History==
===Early years===
====18th century====
The Ministry of Magic was formally established in 1707 to succeed the earlier Wizards' Council, with former Chief Warlock of the Wizengamot, Ulick Gamp, serving as the first Minister for Magic. His term lasted from 1707-1718. Gamp had the onerous job of policing a fractious and frightened community adjusting to the imposition of the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy. His greatest legacy was to found the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.
In 1717, the Ministry classified the Imperius, Cruciatus, and Avada Kedavra curses as the Unforgivable Curses, with the strictest of penalties attached to their use. By the 1990s, their use would command a life sentence in Azkaban.
Damocles Rowle was the Minister for Magic from 1718-1726. He was elected on a platform of being 'tough on Muggles'. When the Ministry proposed a purpose-built wizarding prison on a remote Hebridean island, Rowle swiftly scrapped the plans and insisted on using Azkaban instead, which was carried through despite protests. Censured by the International Confederation of Wizards, he was eventually forced to step down.
Perseus Parkinson was the Minister for Magic from 1726-1733. He tried to pass a bill making it illegal to marry a Muggle. This proved to be against the public mood; the wizarding community, tired of anti-Muggle sentiment and wanting peace, voted him out at the first opportunity. Parkinson was also pro-Azkaban.
Eldritch Diggory was the Minister for Magic from 1733-1747. He was a popular Minister who first established an Auror recruitment programme. While visiting Azkaban, Diggory realised what conditions inside were like. Prisoners were mostly insane and a graveyard had been established to accommodate those that died of despair. He established a committee to explore alternatives to Azkaban, or at least to remove the Dementors as guards. Before they could reach any decision, however, Diggory caught Dragon Pox and died.
Albert Boot was the Minister for Magic from 1747-1752. He was considered a likeable but inept Minister, resigning after a mismanaged goblin rebellion.
Basil Flack was the Minister for Magic for two months in 1752. He was the shortest serving Minister, having resigned after the rebelling goblins joined forces with werewolves.
Hesphaestus Gore was the Minister for Magic from 1752-1770. One of the earliest Aurors, he successfully put down a number of revolts by magical beings, although historians felt his refusal to contemplate rehabilitation programmes for werewolves ultimately led to more attacks. He renovated and reinforced the prison of Azkaban.
Maximilian Crowdy was the Minister for Magic from 1770-1781. Father of nine, he was a charismatic leader who routed out several extremist pure-blood groups planning Muggle attacks. When the Revolutionary War began in 1775, the Ministry of Magic were asked by MACUSA to decide whether they were to intervene and help their Muggle neighbours. In 1777, MACUSA President Elizabeth McGilliguddy asked Crowdy what they had decided. He replied with a simple four-word letter stating that they were "sitting this one out", to which she replied with an even shorter letter stating "mind you do". Crowdy's mysterious death in office was the subject of numerous books and conspiracy theories.
Porteus Knatchbull was the Minister for Magic from 1781-1789. He was called in confidentially in 1782 by the Muggle Prime Minister of the day, Lord Frederick North, to see whether he could help with King George III's emerging mental instability. When it leaked out that Lord North believed in wizards, he was forced to resign after a motion of no confidence.
Unctuous Osbert was the Minister for Magic from 1789-1798. Because he was too much influenced by pure-bloods of wealth and status, many saw him as little more a puppet to his own advisor Septimus Malfoy, who would have served as the Ministry's de facto head.
Artemisia Lufkin was the Minister from 1798-1811. The first witch to ever hold the office, she established the Department of International Magical Co-operation, lobbying hard and successfully to have a Quidditch World Cup tournament held in Britain during her term.
====19th century====
Grogan Stump was the Minister from 1811-1819. Very popular and passionate fan of Quidditch team Tutshill Tornados, he established the Department of Magical Games and Sports and managed to steer through legislation on magical beasts and beings that had long been a source of contention.
Josephina Flint was the Minister from 1819-1827. She revealed an unhealthy anti-Muggle bias in office; she disliked new Muggle technology such as the telegraph, which she claimed interfered with proper wand function.
Ottaline Gambol was the Minister from 1827-1835. A much more forward-looking Minister, Gambol established committees to investigate Muggle brainpower, which seemed, during this period of the British Empire, to be greater than some wizards had credited.
Radolphus Lestrange was the Minister from 1835-1841. He was a reactionary, who attempted to close down the Department of Mysteries, which ignored him. He eventually resigned due to ill health, which was widely rumoured to be inability to cope with the strains of office.
Hortensia Milliphutt was the Minister from 1841-1849. She introduced more legislation than any other sitting Minister, much of it useful, but some wearisome (hat pointiness and so on), which ultimately resulted in her political downfall.
Evangeline Orpington was the Minister from 1849-1855. A good friend of Queen Victoria's, who never realised that she was a witch, let alone Minister for Magic. Orpington was believed to have intervened magically (and illegally) in the Crimean War.
Priscilla Dupont was the Minister from 1855-1858. She conceived an irrational loathing of the Muggle Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, to an extent that caused such trouble (coins turning to frogspawn in his coat pockets, etc.) that she was forced to step down. Ironically, Palmerston was forced to resign by the Muggles two days later.
Dugald McPhail was the Minister from 1858-1865. A safe pair of hands. While the Muggle parliament underwent a period of marked upheaval, the Ministry of Magic knew a period of welcome calm.
Faris "Spout-hole" Spavin was the Minister from 1865-1903. Longest-ever serving Minister for Magic, and also the most long-winded, he survived an 'assassination attempt' (kicking) from a centaur who resented the punchline of Spavin's infamous 'a centaur, a ghost and a dwarf walk into a bar' joke. Attended Queen Victoria's funeral in an admiral's hat and spats, at which point the Wizengamot suggested gently that it was time he move aside (Spavin was 147 when he left office).
In 1890, concern for Ranrok's goblin rebellion had steadily grown in the wizarding world. However, opinions differed on how big of a threat Ranrok was, with George Osric having had difficulties persuading the British Ministry of Magic to be aware of how dangerous Ranrok was.
====Early 20th century====
Venusia Crickerly was the Minister for Magic from 1903-1912. Second ex-Auror to take office and considered both competent and likeable, Crickerly died in a freak gardening accident (mandrake related).
Archer Evermonde was the Minister from 1912-1923. In post during the Muggle First World War, Evermonde passed emergency legislation forbidding witches and wizards to get involved, lest they risk mass infractions of the International Statute of Secrecy. Thousands defied him, aiding Muggles where they could.
Lorcan McLaird was the Minister from 1923-1925. A gifted wizard, but an unlikely politician, McLaird was an exceptionally taciturn man who preferred to communicate in monosyllables and expressive puffs of smoke that he produced through the end of his wand. He was forced from office out of sheer irritation at his eccentricities.
Hector Fawley was the Minister for Magic from 1925-1939. Undoubtedly voted in because of his marked difference to McLaird, the ebullient and flamboyant Fawley did not take sufficiently seriously the threat presented to the wizarding community by Gellert Grindelwald. He paid with his job.
Leonard Spencer-Moon was the Minister from 1939-1948. A sound Minister who rose through the ranks from being tea-boy in the Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes, he oversaw a great period of international wizarding and Muggle conflict. Enjoyed a good working relationship with Winston Churchill.
Wilhelmina Tuft was the Minister from 1948-1959. She was a cheery witch, who presided over a period of welcome peace and prosperity. Died in office after discovering, too late, her allergy to Alihotsy-flavoured fudge.
===Late 20th century===
====Political warfare====
Ignatius Tuft was the Minister from 1959-1962. The son of his predecessor, Ignatius was a hard-liner who capitalised on his mother's popularity to gain election. He promised to institute a controversial and dangerous Dementor breeding programme, and was forced from office.
Nobby Leach was the Minister from 1962-1968. First Muggle-born Minister for Magic, his appointment caused consternation among the old (pure-blood) guard, many of whom resigned government posts in protest. He always denied having anything to do with England's 1966 Quidditch World Cup win. Left office after contracting a mysterious illness (conspiracy theories abound).
Eugenia Jenkins was the Minister from 1968-1975. Jenkins dealt competently with pure-blood riots during Squib Rights marches in the late 1960s, but was soon confronted with the first rise of Lord Voldemort. Jenkins was soon ousted from office as inadequate to the challenge.
Harold Minchum was the Minister from 1975-1980. Seen as a hard-liner, he placed even more Dementors around Azkaban, but was unable to contain Voldemort's apparently unstoppable rise to power.
Millicent Bagnold was the Minister from 1980-1990. A highly able Minister, she had to answer to the International Confederation of Wizards for the number of breaches of the International Statute of Secrecy on the day and night after Harry Potter survived Lord Voldemort's attack. Acquitted herself magnificently with the now infamous words: 'I assert our inalienable right to party', which drew cheers from all present.
Shortly before Minister Millicent Bagnold's retirement in 1990, many of the wizarding population wanted Albus Dumbledore to become Minister. He was offered the job four times, but turned it down, because of his previous negative experiences with power.
The most likely person to become Minister from that point on was Bartemius Crouch Senior, who, as Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, had gained popularity from his purges of Death Eaters after the first fall of Lord Voldemort, including arresting his own son for participating in the Cruciatus Curse torture of Alice and Frank Longbottom. However, he fell out of favour when people suspected that his son's actions and 'death' in Azkaban were the result of Crouch neglecting his son and by not spending enough time at home due to his ministerial pursuits.
====Under Cornelius Fudge====
Cornelius Fudge was Minister for Magic during the events surrounding Lord Voldemort's second rise to power. He became Minister for Magic in 1990 and stayed on as Minister until being sacked on 2 July 1996. Early on in his administration he requested frequent help from wizards such as Albus Dumbledore, but Fudge later became suspicious of Dumbledore, who he believed was trying to usurp Fudge's position.
In the summer of 1992, Head of the Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office Arthur Weasley proposed a Muggle Protection Act, leading to a massive Ministry crackdown for illegally enchanted or dark objects. At the same time, the Improper Use of Magic Office sent Harry Potter a letter of reprimand after the Malfoy family house-elf, Dobby, performed magic in an attempt to keep him away from Hogwarts. In early 1993, Fudge went to Hogwarts to send Rubeus Hagrid to Azkaban on suspicion of opening the Chamber of Secrets, an accusation that had led to his expulsion from Hogwarts 50 years earlier. Hagrid was eventually freed in June after the trio solved the mystery of the Chamber of Secrets.
In the summer of 1993, wrongfully convicted "mass-murderer" Sirius Black escaped from Azkaban, leading to a massive Ministry manhunt. In early 1994, Severus Snape captured Black and returned him to Fudge's custody, but Harry Potter and Hermione Granger helped him escape using a Ministry Time-Turner and Buckbeak the Hippogriff, thus making the Ministry a "laughingstock".
Organising the 1994-1995 Triwizard Tournament involved substantial efforts from the Department of International Magical Co-operation, the Department of Magical Games and Sports, and other parts of the Ministry. The Tournament concluded with the death of Cedric Diggory and the Rebirth of Lord Voldemort on 24 June, 1995. Fudge refused to believe Dumbledore and Harry Potter's accounts of these events, leading Dumbledore to reactivate the Order of the Phoenix to counter Voldemort. Because of Fudge's refusal to see the truth, the wizarding community was put at a disadvantage when dealing with the imminent threat of Lord Voldemort and his followers.
After Voldemort's return, the Ministry campaigned to discredit Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter, as Fudge, his mind "twisted and warped by fear", refused to believe this horrifying truth. This trend of attempting to minimise the immediate damage included the Ministry's attempts to get Harry drummed out of the wizarding community, forcing on teachers an oversight on Hogwarts, removing privileges from Dumbledore and anyone who accepted his statement that Voldemort had returned, and encouraging the Daily Prophet to publish stories mocking and denigrating Dumbledore and Harry.
On 12 August, Harry was summoned to a disciplinary hearing at the Ministry, pertaining to what the Ministry termed "offences committed under the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery and the International Statute of Secrecy". The hearing was changed to a full court trial, which was unorthodox and was outside the context of the law, in a biased and obvious attempt to further discredit Harry.
====Battle of the Department of Mysteries====
Finally, the Ministry had to hide the reason for the mass breakout from Azkaban, as the Ministry could not explain, or justify, the defection of the Dementors. Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters tried to retrieve a specific prophecy pertaining to Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort from the Hall of Prophecy on Level Nine, the Department of Mysteries. In order to do that, they placed both Broderick Bode and Sturgis Podmore under the Imperius Curse to no avail, as only Harry could take it from its shelf.
Shortly after midnight on 18 June, 1996, the Death Eaters lured Harry and and five other Dumbledore's Army members into the deserted Ministry. A battle broke out over a prophecy concerning Harry and the Dark Lord. The D.A. members did well holding the Death Eaters at bay until help arrived. The Order of the Phoenix went to rescue them, and the Death Chamber standoff ensued, which resulted in the death of Sirius Black at the hands of his own cousin Bellatrix Lestrange. The standoff also included a duel between Voldemort and Dumbledore in the Atrium of the Ministry.
After the battle, Fudge and several other witnesses saw Voldemort with their own eyes, and this position of denial became untenable. Thus, the Ministry was forced to acknowledge the return of the Dark Lord and Fudge was unceremoniously replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour, although Fudge was allowed to aid in an "advisory capacity". The public was then made aware of the growing threat to its population and this marked the start of open warfare.
====Under Rufus Scrimgeour====
In response to the war situation the country was facing, Rufus Scrimgeour, the previous Head of the Auror Office, was appointed Fudge's successor on 2 July 1996, and was responsible for the creation of several new bureaucracies, such as the Office for the Detection and Confiscation of Counterfeit Defensive Spells and Protective Objects.
Despite this, Scrimgeour did not fare much better than Fudge. Again reacting to public opinion, Scrimgeour tried desperately to make the Ministry look like it was making progress despite the reality being the contrary, such as by wrongfully imprisoning Stan Shunpike. Under Scrimgeour's regime, there was no progress. He was too concerned with the appearance of false safety, something that would ultimately led to his downfall and the downfall of the Ministry.
Harry had two meetings with Scrimgeour, in which Harry's co-operation with the Ministry was solicited for his propaganda value: the Ministry wanted Harry to be the "poster child" for the Ministry so as to give the public hope, by telling them that the Ministry remained a source of safety, strength, and that "the Chosen One" endorsed the Ministry's investigations. Harry turned Scrimgeour down flat both times. Harry made it perfectly clear that he did not approve of what the Ministry was doing and made his opinion of Scrimgeour known. 
This led the Minister for Magic to believe that Harry was arrogant and the two parted on bad terms. The two remained on bad terms during the reading of the last will and testament of Dumbledore and it came to an argument in which Scrimgeour lost control of his temper. Harry stated that he will never co-operate with the Ministry if they keep conducting themselves in a less then positive way as they have previously done.
In the summer of 1997, shortly after Albus Dumbledore's murder, the Atrium at the Ministry was the setting for a speech by Scrimgeour about the "dark times" in which the wizarding world was living, and how the Ministry remained "strong" and active in the fight against the dark forces. In the meantime, the Death Eaters were managing to infiltrate the Ministry by magically controlling some of its higher-ranking officials. As a result, later in the summer, on the evening of 1 August, 1997, the Ministry was the stage of a silent coup, during which Scrimgeour was murdered while refusing to give the Death Eaters any information on Harry Potter.
====Under Pius Thicknesse====
After the Death Eater coup, the Ministry of Magic was headed by Pius Thicknesse, who was under Death Eater control by the Imperius Curse. Voldemort chose not to openly reveal himself as Minister, so as to keep an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty within the community. Much more security was added to the building and personnel were monitored. 
In addition, lower-ranking employees were now forced to go to work via a toilet network, accessible inside a set of underground public toilets in Whitehall; only the senior-ranking personnel are permitted Apparition and Floo Network access. The Ministry became very corrupt during Pius's time in office.
Under Thicknesse's control, the Ministry became totalitarian, placing surveillance upon those of whom it was suspicious, such as Arthur Weasley, and creating the Muggle-Born Registration Commission to prosecute Muggle-borns for allegedly stealing magic. Unfair trials were held to weed out Muggle-borns and to give the impression of justice, although it was anything but. The Ministry also acquired the motto 'Magic is Might', which was inscribed upon a sculpture with a witch and wizard sitting on thrones made of Muggles. Death Eaters such as Corban Yaxley gained high positions within the Ministry, as well.
Snatchers or bounty hunters were also employed by the Ministry. Snatchers appeared to be a relatively informal organisation with the main purpose of rounding up or arresting Muggle-borns and "blood traitors". Snatcher camps were set up all over Britain. If they caught their intended targets, said targets were killed or sent to Azkaban.
===Under Kingsley Shacklebolt===
In 1998, after the destruction of Lord Voldemort and the end of the Second Wizarding War, Kingsley Shacklebolt became Minister for Magic and led a massive reform of the Ministry. He did this in an effort to weed out corruption and prejudice. Kingsley replenished the Auror Office and saw that the Death Eaters that escaped custody were caught and tried for their crimes against the wizarding community.
The revitalisation and reform included the efforts of Harry Potter and Ron Weasley in the Auror Office, and Hermione Granger advancing the rights of non-humans, and eradicating pro-pure-blood laws in the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures and later the Department of Magical Law Enforcement. The Ministry was a much happier place to work since the reforms.
At some point during Kingsley's tenure as Minister Harry Potter helped advance werewolf rights. He did this by setting up an outreach programme. He also proposed providing free Wolfsbane Potions to any werewolf who wanted the potion. However, his Wolfsbane proposal never came to fruition, as politics and protocols prevented it from happening.
==Government structure==
 
The Ministry's employees were largely unelected, but the Minister for Magic was voted into office by the wizarding community. Employment with the Ministry could be obtained directly upon completion of a wizarding education, although different offices required different levels of education and sometimes specific exam results. Both the Minister and the Ministry as a whole were seen to be sensitive to wizarding public opinion, which they attempted to influence via the wizarding newspaper the Daily Prophet.
The Ministry of Magic had no rights to punish Hogwarts students for misdemeanours, nor did they have privilege of their expulsion and wand confiscation, unless charges had been successfully proven and passed. Dumbledore made it clear to Fudge that the Ministry had little influence on the detailed workings within the school, which Fudge tried to change with a series of Educational Decrees, effectively annexing the school into the government.
===Minister for Magic===
The Minister for Magic was the elected leader of the Ministry. The post of Minister for Magic was established with the creation of the Ministry of Magic after the International Statute of Secrecy went into effect. The first Minister (Ulick Gamp) took office in 1707. The Minister and Support Staff occupied Level One of the Ministry. The Minister enjoyed a position of great prominence and prestige. He or she represented the British magical community in international affairs and set the tone for the policies of the Ministry of Magic. In addition to this, the Minister for Magic was known to the Muggle Prime Minister, and the two leaders would communicate when necessary. The Minister for Magic also presided over the Wizengamot.
During the puppet regime set up by Lord Voldemort in 1997-1998, this level also housed the office of the Head of the Muggle-Born Registration Commission. After the war, the Muggle-Born Registration Commission was disbanded and discarded. It included these offices: Office of the Minister for Magic, Office of the Advisor to the Minister for Magic, Office of the Senior Undersecretary to the Minister for Magic, and Office of the Junior Assistant to the Minister for Magic.
===Departments===
The Ministry had seven departments in all, each dealing with different aspects of the wizarding world. The Department of Magical Law Enforcement was the largest, and all others more or less answered to it (except the Department of Mysteries).
Each Department had a level of Ministry Headquarters assigned to it, although Law Enforcement had not only level two, but also the courtrooms of level ten. There were also many minor offices within the departments, which were part of an informal ranking system based on its size and perceived importance by senior officials, with transfer from a smaller division to a bigger and busier one being viewed as a "promotion." The departments communicated through "interdepartmental memos" written on pale-violet paper aeroplanes, which flew on their own to destinations, because previous routine use of owls for messages within the Ministry caused an excess of dirtying by owl droppings and moulted feathers. Known Ministry departments and offices included:
====Department of Magical Law Enforcement====
	The Department of Magical Law Enforcement was a combination of police and justice facilities, and had power over all other departments except the Department of Mysteries. It included the following offices:
	Auror Office
	Office for the Detection and Confiscation of Counterfeit Defensive Spells and Protective Objects
	Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office
	Improper Use of Magic Office
	Wizengamot
	Wizengamot Administration Services
	
====Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes====
	The Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes was responsible for repairing accidental magical damage. It included the following offices:
	Accidental Magic Reversal Squad
	Obliviator Headquarters
	Muggle-Worthy Excuse Committee
	Invisibility Task Force
	Muggle Liaison Office
====Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures====
	The Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures was responsible for studying, regulating, and controlling magical creatures. It included the following offices:
	Beast Division
	Being Division
	Spirit Division
	Goblin Liaison Office
	Centaur Liaison Office
	Pest Advisory Board
	Office of Misinformation
====Department of International Magical Co-operation====
	The Department of International Magical Co-operation dealt with foreign affairs, both political and public. It included the following offices:
	International Magical Trading Standards Body
	International Magical Office of Law
	International Confederation of Wizards, British Seats
====Department of Magical Transportation====
	The Department of Magical Transportation was responsible for various aspects of magical transportation. It included the following offices:
	Floo Network Authority
	Broom Regulatory Control
	Portkey Office
	Apparition Test Centre
====Department of Magical Games and Sports====
	The Department of Magical Games and Sports dealt with organising sports events and enforcing game-related laws and regulations. It included the following offices:
	British and Irish Quidditch League Headquarters
	Official Gobstones Club
	Ludicrous Patents Office
====Department of Mysteries====
	The Department of Mysteries, located on Level Nine, was a section of the Ministry of Magic that carried out confidential research regarding particular enigmas (death, time, space, thought, and love) and stores copies of prophecies. Most of its operations were carried out in total secrecy from the general wizard populace. The Department contained the following chambers in which various mysteries of life were studied:
	Brain Room
	Space Chamber
	Death Chamber
	Time Room
	Hall of Prophecy
	Love Chamber (aka The Ever-Locked Room)
	
===Other offices===
	The Ministry contained several other departments:
	Committee on Experimental Charms
	Magical Maintenance Department
	Ministry of Magic Public Information Services
	Department of Magical Education
	Very Important Members of Section M.I. Trx.
	Wizarding Examinations Authority
	Ministry of Magic research committee
	Ministry of Magic exploding bonbons disposal unit
	Foreign Affairs and Sports Department
	
===Possible offices or affiliates===
*Advocates to the Wizarding World
==Law enforcement==
The Department of Magical Law Enforcement was in the Ministry of Magic, and was the wizarding equivalent of both the Muggle police force and the judiciary. It was the largest of the departments in the Ministry of Magic, and all others more or less answered to it. There were several different subdivisions located in this department, such as the Auror Office, Improper Use of Magic Office, Magical Law Enforcement Patrol, and many others.
===Courtroom procedure===
Minister for Magic Ulick Gamp's greatest legacy was to found the Department of Magical Law Enforcement. The Wizengamot and Council of Magical Law were subdivisions of this department.
The Wizengamot was the high court of wizarding law in Britain. The head of the Wizengamot was called the Chief Warlock, an old-fashioned title that denoted "particular skill or achievements" similar to a Muggle knighthood. A Court Scribe took notes of the proceedings. Wizengamot members wore plum-coloured robes with an elaborate silver "W" on the left side.
The high wizard court of law was held in a dungeon. In court, the accused was magically bound to a chair in the centre of the room. A jury sat on the right of the prosecutor, who stated the case against the accused and eventually asked for a verdict.
==Muggle relations==
The Ministry kept in touch with the Muggle Prime Minister of the United Kingdom through the help of a portrait of Ulick Gamp in the Downing Street office. The portrait is fixed to the wall magically, likely with a Permanent Sticking Charm, so no Muggles will be able to remove it, and the subject of the painting will notify the Prime Minister of the Minister for Magic's impending arrivals. The British Crown, including the Prime Minister and the Monarch, were in full knowledge of the Ministry.
Each new Muggle Prime Minister received a visit from the Minister for Magic, who informed him or her that the wizarding world exists. He or she would explain that they will contact the Prime Minister only in circumstances in which the events of the wizarding world may affect Muggles. For example, the Minister had to inform the Prime Minister if dangerous magical artefacts or animals were to be brought into the UK.
No Muggle Prime Minister has ever set foot in the Ministry of Magic; as summed up by former Minister Dugald McPhail, "their puir wee braines couldnae cope wi' it". Ministers Cornelius Fudge and Rufus Scrimgeour tended to act in a somewhat patronising manner towards the Muggle Prime Minister.
However, after the Fall of the Ministry of Magic into the hands of Lord Voldemort, and Pius Thicknesse becoming Minister as Voldemort's puppet, a new era of Wizard-Muggle relations was brought on that was more in line with Death Eater ideology. These actions included the instalment of the "Magic is Might" statue in the Ministry Atrium to replace the Fountain of Magical Brethren. This statue depicts a witch and wizard on top of a throne made from the bodies of crude-looking Muggles, with twisted ugly faces.
While prejudiced depictions of Muggles were taught by professors Amycus and Alecto Carrow at Hogwarts School under its new headmaster, Severus Snape, the Ministry began claiming that Muggle-borns "stole" their magic from "real" witches and wizards. The Muggle-Born Registration Commission, headed by Dolores Umbridge, was set up to persecute and imprison Muggle-borns. Furthermore, the Snatcher organisation was formed in an attempt to round up any Muggle-borns or blood traitors on the run. People with known connections to the Order of the Phoenix or sympathies for Muggles, such as Arthur Weasley, were put under surveillance, and a reward for the capture of Harry Potter, known to the Ministry as "Undesirable No. 1", was offered.
Presumably, after Voldemort's defeat and Kingsley Shacklebolt's installation as Minister for Magic, the cruel prejudiced measures imposed under the Death Eater regime towards Muggles (such as the Muggle-Born Registration Commission) were abolished, and the Ministry went on communicating with the Muggle Prime Minister when necessary.
==Criticisms==
The magical government sometimes gave the impression of, at various times, either incompetence or malice, which were demonstrated by successful break-outs from Azkaban and the campaign to discredit Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter. The Ministry was known to be corrupt in nature, as it was shown to be quite prepared to decree and enforce draconian laws without notice, and seemed uninterested in solving serious problems, choosing instead to ignore or cover up bad news. More often than not, the Ministry was focused on positive publicity rather than genuine betterment of the community, and took the pressures from the satisfaction of the majority citizens as a factor to their decisions.
The Ministry proved their incompetent and insensitive nature in how they dealt with werewolves, which resulted in years of poor surveillance. The government arrogantly expected the werewolves to willingly show up to sign the Werewolf Register and Werewolf Code of Conduct, assuming that they would openly admit their infection and promise to lock themselves up to protect the community. Unsurprisingly, no one showed up to sign either due to the stigma, which the Ministry apparently did not take into consideration, thus leading to their record on werewolves being inadequate, which resulted in several attacks and failure to arrest the culprits.
More than half of the personnel within the Ministry were unable to perform the Shield Charm, resulting in them having to use Shield Hats for protection.
===Corruption===
More than once, the Ministry had been seen to decree and enforce harsh and tyrannical laws without notice. The few rights that human wizards did have were denied to non-humans. Even people who had later been found to be innocent were subjected to the horrors of Azkaban, and not all of the accused were given trials, as was the case with Sirius Black. Sloppy police work led the Ministry to sentence Morfin Gaunt to his second term in Azkaban, for life, without properly investigating the situation of the crime he was accused of; by the time contradicting evidence was presented, he was weakened by the prison and died, at which the Ministry simply let his corpse be buried alongside the other inmates who expired within the walls, never bothering to give him a more proper final resting place, despite him being wrongfully imprisoned.
Modern governments would ostensibly consider some of the actions of the Ministry to be cruel and inhumane. Under the direction of Minister Cornelius Fudge, trials were short and did not employ juries; instead, a Wizarding Council heard every case regardless of what prior knowledge they had of the case. Defendants were unlikely to be able to appeal verdicts, and lawyers were not allowed. It is likely that conditions improved with newer administrations. During Hagrid's appeal case before the Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures, the executioner (Walden Macnair) was present with his axe before a verdict was even decided on, and most of the Committee's decisions were influenced by Lucius Malfoy, who threatened and intimidated the members into doing his bidding.
During Bartemius Crouch Senior's tenure as the Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, he legalised the usage of the Unforgivable Curses, underwent the principles of fighting violence with violence, kill rather than capture, attack first and ask questions later, and imprison many suspects without trials. His cruel and ruthless methods made him as bad as the Death Eaters he sought to defeat, and has corrupted the magical community at large, as they came to believe he was doing the right thing, and that there was no other method to win the war. 
However, Crouch was seemingly more worried about his own reputation and rise of rank than genuine justice, as he sentenced his son to a life term in Azkaban despite ambiguous evidence of the situation that his son was allegedly involved in, and tried (unsuccessfully) to imprison Ludovic Bagman for unwittingly giving information to the Death Eaters, more so because he disliked the man than a proper sentencing. He even accepted a plea bargain from Death Eater Igor Karkaroff, releasing him from incarceration in exchange for information. It was only after the war had ended and the people finally managed to calm themselves from their savage approvals of Crouch's methodologies that they finally saw how cruel he was, and socially shunned him for his corruption.
As a sign of corruption, Ministry officials tended to accept plea bargains from criminals to advance what they deemed progress in exchange for leniency, if not outright soliciting bribes. Known dealings included Barty Crouch Snr granting Igor Karkaroff parole in exchange for names of Death Eaters, Dolores Umbridge not prosecuting Willy Widdershins for Muggle-baiting in exchange for spying on a gathering of students, and Umbridge later releasing Mundungus Fletcher after accepting a bribe. Likewise, Cornelius Fudge had a tendency for being discreetly bribed (by Lucius Malfoy's frequent donation of gold to important establishments) to reveal classified information, delay certain laws, and return with undeserved gifts. Arcturus Black also bribed the Ministry with a huge sum of gold (officially written as "services to the Ministry") to undeservedly earn the Order of Merlin, First Class.
After the return of Lord Voldemort, the Minister at the time, Cornelius Fudge, refused to believe that Voldemort was back, despite mounting evidence, and the Ministry even mounted a campaign to damage Harry Potter's credibility, an effort fuelled in part by Fudge's own paranoid fear that Albus Dumbledore wanted his job. Eventually, the Ministry was forced to acknowledge the emergency and act. Fudge was removed from office for incompetence and replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour.
Rufus became as bad as Crouch Snr, making scapegoats lock the wrong people in Azkaban, such as Stan Shunpike, to try and make it look like the Ministry was doing a good job. When he asked Harry to be a mascot so that the public would support them, Harry refused because he knew it was still corrupt.
After the Fall of the Ministry of Magic, the entire Ministry was under Voldemort and doing his bidding under the puppet government headed by Pius Thicknesse. The various laws implemented in this regime included the persecution and harassment of Muggle-borns and Muggles, and propaganda suggesting the inferiority of Muggles and how they should be treated as sub-humans by wizards. However, after Lord Voldemort's fall and Kingsley Shacklebolt being appointed minister, Harry, Ron, and Hermione worked for the Ministry and changed it in ways to make it drastically less corrupt.
Despite the Ministry's corruption, it was more liberal than other governments in the wizarding world, as in the case of relations between wizardkind and non-magic people, something that was not allowed in other countries like the United States. In addition, the Ministry was more or less a democracy, since there were universal suffrage elections in which laws or trial verdicts could be voted on, to the level that Fudge could not change an outcome even if he voted against it. However, the democratic system of the Ministry was quite weak, and not as developed as the British Muggle government.
==Personnel==
===Ministers for Magic===
The following is a list of the Ministers for Magic and their tenures in office:
Wizard(s) 	Date 	Notes
Ulick Gamp † 	1707—1718 	The first Minister for Magic, previously head of the Wizengamot.
Damocles Rowle 	1718—1726 	Anti-Muggle wizard politician, responsible for the creation of the wizard prison known as Azkaban
Perseus Parkinson 	1726—1733 	He tried to pass a bill making it illegal to marry a Muggle.
Eldritch Diggory † 	1733—1747 	He was a popular Minister, and first established an Auror recruitment programme in Great Britain.
Albert Boot 	1747—1752 	An inept Minister. After mismanaging a goblin rebellion, he resigned from the post.
Basil Flack 	1752—1752 	Appointed a temporary acting Minister instead of being elected by the Wizarding population due to the crisis of the goblin rebellions.
Hesphaestus Gore 	1752—1770 	Was one of the earliest Aurors. Gore successfully put down a number of revolts by magical beings, and was also responsible for renovating and reinforcing the prison of Azkaban.
Maximilian Crowdy † 	1770—1781 	Crowdy was a charismatic leader who routed out several extremist pure-blood groups planning attacks on Muggles. His mysterious death in office has been the subject of numerous books and conspiracy theories.
Porteus Knatchbull 	1781—1789 	He was called in confidentially by the Muggle Prime Minister of the day to see whether he could help with King George III's emerging mental instability.
Unctuous Osbert 	1789—1798 	He was accused of having been a puppet in the hands of Septimus Malfoy.
Artemisia Lufkin † 	1798—1811 	The first female ever to hold the office, being elected at least twice.
Grogan Stump † 	1811—1819 	He deeply restructured the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, and established the Department of Magical Games and Sports.
Josephina Flint 	1819—1827 	Revealed a severe anti-Muggle bias during her term; specifically attacked new Muggle inventions such as the telegraph, which she claimed interfered with wand function.
Ottaline Gambol 	1827—1835 	Came up with the idea of having the Hogwarts Express to solve the problem of how to transport students to Hogwarts.
Radolphus Lestrange 	1835—1841 	Unsuccessfully tried to close down the Department of Mysteries, resigned due to ill health.
Hortensia Milliphutt	1841—1849 	Introduced more legislation than any other Minister. Her political downfall came when she began passing regulations on hat pointiness and other wearisome laws.
Evangeline Orpington	1849—1855 	Had concealed platforms built at King's Cross Station to house wizarding trains.
Priscilla Dupont 	1855—1858 	Developed an irrational loathing of the Muggle Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, which led to a series of Muggle-baiting incidents.
Dugald McPhail 	1858—1865 	A period of calm and stability. Established the Knight Bus in 1865.
Faris Spavin 	1865—1903 	Longest-serving Minister. Left office at age 147.
Venusia Crickerly † 	1903—1912 	Competent and likeable Minister.
Archer Evermonde 	1912—1923 	Passed emergency legislation preventing wizards from taking part in the on-going First World War.
Lorcan McLaird 	1923—1925 	An exceptionally taciturn man who preferred to communicate in monosyllables and expressive puffs of smoke that he produced with his wand.
Hector Fawley 	1925—1939 	Term in office coincided with the beginning of Gellert Grindelwald's actions. Fawley did not take Grindelwald's threat to the wizarding community seriously and was forced from his office.
Leonard Spencer-Moon	1939—1948 	A sound Minister, oversaw a period of great turmoil in both the wizarding (Global wizarding war) and the Muggle world (Second World War).
Wilhelmina Tuft † 	1948—1959 	Presided over a period of welcome peace and prosperity. Died in office, after eating Alihotsy-flavoured fudge.
Ignatius Tuft 	1959—1962 	Tried to institute a controversial and dangerous Dementor breeding programme, and was forced from office.
Nobby Leach 	1962—1968 	First Muggle-born Minister for Magic. Left office after contracting a mysterious illness. (Abraxas Malfoy was widely believed to have been part of the shady plot that made him leave his post prematurely.)
Eugenia Jenkins 	1968—1975 	Dealt competently with the pure-blood riots during the Squib Rights marches of the late 1960s. The first rise of Lord Voldemort saw her ousted from office.
Harold Minchum 	1975—1980 	Hard-liner. Placed even more Dementors in Azkaban, but could not contain Voldemort's seemingly unstoppable rise to power.
Millicent Bagnold 	1980—1990 	Minister during the terminal phase of the First Wizarding War. Responsible for the successful Death Eater trials immediately after the war.
Cornelius Fudge 	1990—1 July, 1996 	Fudge relied heavily on Dumbledore in the first years of his term. When Lord Voldemort returned, Fudge persistently refused to accept it. Was ousted from office when Voldemort appeared in person in the Ministry.
Rufus Scrimgeour † 	1 July, 1996—1 August, 1997	Replaced Cornelius Fudge during the height of the Second Wizarding War. He was incompetent during his term. Murdered by Voldemort during a Death Eater coup.
Pius Thicknesse 	1 August, 1997—2 May, 1998 	Put under the Imperius Curse by the Death Eaters, and appointed Minister following their coup. Thicknesse was effectively a puppet of the Death Eater regime.
Kingsley Shacklebolt	2 May, 1998—c. 2019 	Oversaw the capture of Death Eaters and supporters following Voldemort's death. Led a massive reform of the Ministry, rid it of corruption and pro-pure-blood laws and purged Dementors from Azkaban.
Hermione Granger 	c. 2019—? 	Hero of the Second Wizarding War.
Following the revelation that Voldemort was back, Fudge was replaced as Minister as he had denied the truth for nearly a year. He was replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour before he was killed by Voldemort and replaced by Pius Thicknesse, who was acting under the influence of the Imperius Curse and put in power by Voldemort.Kingsley Shacklebolt replaced Voldemort's puppet Thicknesse at the end of the Second Wizarding War and reformed the Ministry. By 2019, Hermione Granger was elected Minister for Magic.Albus Dumbledore was offered the job of Minister and refused it at least four times. In his latter days at Hogwarts, Tom Riddle was widely predicted to become Minister, as he had great intelligence and magical talent along with a great talent for creating strategic alliances with people. He could also gather followers to serve his interests. However, Riddle refused every opportunity to work at the Ministry, as a career in the government did not strike his interest.
===Heads of Departments and offices===
Wizard(s) 	Date 	Notes
Justus Pilliwickle 	1800s/1900s 	He worked for the Ministry of Magic and was a celebrated Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.
Amelia Bones † 	?—July, 1996 	Head of Department of Magical Law Enforcement, murdered by Voldemort himself.
Bartemius Crouch Snr †	?— 27 May, 1995	Head of Department of International Magical Co-operation; previously served as head of Department of Magical Law Enforcement. Was murdered by his Death Eater son.
Ludovic Bagman 	?—1995 	Head of Department of Magical Games and Sports. His career at the Ministry ended in mid-1995, when he had to go on the run from goblins.
Percy Weasley 	2000s 	Head of Department of Magical Transportation, previously served as Assistant to the Head of Department of International Magical Co-operation and Junior Assistant to the Minister for Magic under Cornelius Fudge, Rufus Scrimgeour and Pius Thicknesse
Bob Ogden † 	1920s 	Head of the Magical Law Enforcement Office
Arthur Weasley 	c. 1968—? 	Head of the Office for the Detection and Confiscation of Counterfeit Defensive Spells and Protective Objects (under Rufus Scrimgeour); previously served as Head of the Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office (under Cornelius Fudge)
Cuthbert Mockridge 	1990s—1996 	Head of the Goblin Liaison Office. Cresswell was forced to step down from office and was later murdered by Snatchers during the height of the Second Wizarding War.
Dirk Cresswell † 	1990s—1997 	Head of the Goblin Liaison Office. Cresswell was forced to step down from office and was later murdered by Snatchers during the height of the Second Wizarding War.
Gawain Robards 	1996—2007 	Previous head of the Auror Office
Corban Yaxley 	1997—1998 	Head of Magical Law Enforcement under Lord Voldemort's regime, was placed as the head after a Ministry coup.
Harry Potter 	2007—? 	Former head of the Auror Office, was the youngest ever appointed. Later became the head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.
===Other personnel===
Wizard(s) 	Notes
Broderick Bode † 	"Unspeakable," Department of Mysteries
Croaker 	"Unspeakable," Department of Mysteries
John Dawlish 	Auror
Amos Diggory 	Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, later known to have retired and moved to St Oswald's Home for Old Witches and Wizards
Madam Edgecombe 	Floo Network Regulator
Mafalda Hopkirk 	Improper Use of Magic Office, worked for the Muggle-Born Registration Commission during the height of the Second Wizarding War
Alice Longbottom 	Aurors and members of the original Order of the Phoenix, captured and tortured into insanity by four Death Eaters during the First Wizarding War (permanent medical leave)
Frank Longbottom 	Aurors and members of the original Order of the Phoenix, captured and tortured into insanity by four Death Eaters during the First Wizarding War (permanent medical leave)
Walden Macnair 	Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures, worked as an executioner for dangerous creatures. He was also a known Death Eater.
Bertha Jorkins † 	Department of Magical Games and Sports
Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody †	Auror, one of the most famous of modern times. Half the cells in Azkaban were full of Dark wizards because of him.
Eric Munch 	Watchwizard
Arnold Peasegood 	Obliviator
Perkins 	Arthur Weasley's co-worker in the Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office
Proudfoot 	Auror, one of the guardians of Hogwarts
Savage 	Auror, one of the guardians of Hogwarts
Newt Scamander 	Beast Division, Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, retired, and author of
Nymphadora Tonks † 	Auror, one of the guardians of Hogwarts. She fought in the Battle of the Department of Mysteries and was murdered by Bellatrix Lestrange during the Battle of Hogwarts
Dolores Umbridge 	Senior Undersecretary to the Minister for Magic under Cornelius Fudge, Hogwarts High-Inquisitor, and former head of the Muggle-Born Registration Commission
Gilbert Wimple 	On the Committee on Experimental Charms, had horns that he presumably acquired as a result of one of his experiments
Ron Weasley 	Former Auror, before pursuing other ventures. Both were heroes of the Second Wizarding War. Ron went on to work at Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, and Neville became the professor of Herbology at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Neville Longbottom 	Former Auror, before pursuing other ventures. Both were heroes of the Second Wizarding War. Ron went on to work at Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, and Neville became the professor of Herbology at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
==See also==
*Fall of the Ministry of Magic
*Wizards' Council
==Behind the scenes==
*The British Ministry was the first wizarding government introduced in canon.
==Appearances==
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*Harry Potter: The Wand Collection
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==External links==
*The HP-Lexicon talks about the various departments in The Ministry of Magic
*MuggleNet page on The Ministry of Magic
Ministry of Magic
Category:Death Eater Allies
Category:An Order-Of-The-Phoenix Allies
Category:Real Magical Governments