Isaac of Troki

Isaac ben Abraham of Troki, Karaite polemical writer (b. Trakai, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1533; d. Trakai, 1594 (or eight years earlier, in both cases, according to Jacob Mann's hypothesis. Since the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, still during Isaac ben Abraham's own lifetime, the city was also known in Polish as Troki). 
His knowledge of the Latin and Polish languages and of Christian dogmatics enabled him to engage in amicable conversations on religious subjects not only with Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Orthodox clergymen, but also with Socinian and other sectarian elders. The fruit of these personal contacts, and of Isaac Troki's concurrent extensive reading in the New Testament and the Christian theological and anti-Jewish literature, was his famous apology of Judaism entitled Hizzuk Emunah (Fortification of Faith). He himself did not live to complete it, but his pupil, Joseph Malinovski Troki, supplied the preface and index from the author's own written notes and oral remarks.
The work at once won extensive popularity both because of its powerful defense of the Jewish faith and because of its calm and reasonable emphasis of the vulnerable points in Christian tradition and dogmatics. It was studiously copied by interested Jewish readers, some of whom inevitably felt called upon to modify the work in the light of their own views and beliefs. A suggestion, made about 1629 by Zerah ben Nathan Troki to Manasseh ben Israel at Amsterdam, to print the work was rejected by that rabbi, intellectual, and printer. But one manuscript copy, modified and amplified by a Rabbinite copyist, came into the hands of the anti-Jewish Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil, who published it, with a Latin translation and an extensive refutation, under the sensational title of Tela ignea Satanae (The Fiery Darts of Satan; Altorf, 1681). Far from squelching Isaac's work, Wagenseil's violent refutation of it merely publicized it and gave rise to numerous debates and controversies in Christian circles, while Isaac's anti-Christian arguments were eventually taken over by the non-Jewish anti-clerical and liberal writers and philosophers of the 18th century. No less an expert in polemics than Monsieur de Voltaire characterized the Hizzuk Emunah as a masterpiece in the treatment of its subject.
Wagenseil's text of Hizzuk Emunah was reprinted for Jewish use at Amsterdam in 1705; a Yiddish translation appeared in the same place in 1717; an English translation by Moses Mocatta was printed for private circulation at London in 1851; a German translation, accompanied by a revised Hebrew text, was published by David Deutsch (2nd ed., Sohrau, 1873).
Two hymns by Isaac Troki are incorporated in the Karaite liturgy; he is also said to have composed works on Karaite ritual law.
==References==
*Chizzuk Emunah (Faith Strengthened)
*Copies of 2 Bios
The text of this article was taken from The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, New York Vol. 10 pp. 311-312.
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Category:Jews and Judaism-related controversies
Category:Criticism of Christianity
Category:Lithuanian writers
Category:Karaite rabbis
Category:Lithuanian religious leaders
Category:Lithuanian Jews
Category:16th-century writers
Category:Jewish theologians
Category:16th-century religious leaders
Category:Jewish writers
fr:Isaac de Troki