Tasqarînçe

Tasqarînçe (Tasqar Script: تسقرئنص) translating to the speech of the Tasqar in travelers tounge, is the language of the Tasqar people residing in Akirashalam and the Tasqar region.
==Origin==
Long before the founding of Akirashalam, there was a country known as the Free Territory of Iringa which spanned most of the land in the modern day Kingdom of Sanctus. The Cultural Center of this civilisation was the Capital Ngibamma, where trade and culture flourished. Some Irilani of Iringa also chose to settle west of Ngibamma. Over time Iringa weakened and the west Irilani were soon entirely isolated from the rest of Iringa. As such the cultural development continued separetly from the Irilani in Ngibamma, and with the development of culture, the languange also changed. By the time of Aristios annexing Iringa, the west irilani had become the Ïrîana (men of the desert) and the language spoken by them much more resembled modern day Tasqarînçe compared to the Irilani language.
== Alphabet ==
Tasqarînçe isn't written in standard script but in Tasqar Script. (OOC: Tasqar Script is based on the Persian Abjad where some symbols have been repurposed. It is preferably written in Nastaliq).
=== Graphemes ===
Name 	Name 	Transliteration	IPA 	Contextual Forms	Contextual Forms	Contextual Forms	Isolated
Tasqar Script	Transliterated 	Transliteration	IPA 	Final 	Medial 	Initial 	Isolated
اليو 	alïù 	⟨aa⟩ 	/ɑ:/	ـا 	ـا 	ا 	ا
اليو 	alïù 	⟨a⟩ 	/ə/ 	ـا 	ـا 	ا 	ا
قيروْاليو 	qïdù'alïù 	⟨â⟩ 	/eə/	ـأ 	ـأ 	أ 	أ
ىخکو 	ihkù 	⟨i⟩ 	/i:/
/j/	ـى 	ـىـ 	ىـ 	ى
زثْىخكو يخکو 	zauth'Ihkù/ Ïhkù	⟨ï⟩ 	/ji:/
/j/	ـي 	ـيـ 	يـ 	ي
قىدوْىخكو 	qïdù'ihkù 	⟨î⟩ 	/eɪ/	ـئ 	ـئـ 	ئـ 	ئ
ونصيو 	unçïù 	⟨u⟩ 	/ʊ/ 	ـو 	ـو 	و 	و
زثْونصي 	zauth'unçï 	⟨ü⟩ 	/ɨ/ 	ـع 	ـعـ 	عـ 	ع
ري 	reï 	⟨r⟩ 	/r/ 	ـر 	ـر 	ر 	ر
زي 	zaï 	⟨z⟩ 	/z/ 	ـز 	ـز 	ز 	ز
شزشو 	shaezshù 	⟨sh⟩ 	/ʃ/ 	ـش 	ـشـ 	شـ 	ش
سىق 	siq 	⟨s⟩ 	/s/ 	ـس 	ـسـ 	سـ 	س
صاف 	çaaf 	⟨ç⟩ 	/sˤ/	ـص 	ـصـ 	صـ 	ص
قر 	qer 	⟨q⟩ 	/q/ 	ـق 	ـقـ 	قـ 	ق
كيو 	kuïù 	⟨k⟩ 	/k/ 	ـك 	ـكـ 	كـ 	ک
گو 	gaù 	⟨g⟩ 	/g/ 	ـگ 	ـگـ 	گـ 	گ
بخي 	bohï 	⟨b⟩ 	/b/ 	ـب 	ـبـ 	بـ 	ب
اپرخو 	aparhù 	⟨p⟩ 	/p/ 	ـپ 	ـپـ 	پـ 	پ
فرحى 	farhi 	⟨ph, ⟨f⟩ 	/f/ 	ـف 	ـفـ 	فـ 	ف
ڤثا 	vetha 	⟨v⟩ 	/v/ 	ـڤ 	ـڤـ 	ڤـ 	ڤ
تي 	tï 	⟨t⟩ 	/t/ 	ـت 	ـتـ 	تـ 	ت
ثرث 	thaurth 	⟨th⟩ 	/θ/ 	ـث 	ـثـ 	ثـ 	ث
مصي 	maçï 	⟨m⟩ 	/m/ 	ـم 	ـمـ 	مـ 	م
نصي 	neçï 	⟨n⟩ 	/n/ 	ـن 	ـنـ 	نـ 	ن
وظي 	ungï 	⟨ng⟩ 	/ŋ/ 	ـظ 	ـظـ 	ظـ 	ظ
=== Digraphs ===
Tasqar script	Transliteration	IPA
خک 	⟨hk⟩ 	/ɧk/
زخ 	⟨zh⟩ 	/zɣ/
زش 	⟨zsh⟩ 	/ʐ/
رث 	⟨rth⟩ 	/rð/
=== Diacritics ===
Diacritic	Corresponding 
Grapheme	Name 	Name 	Trans. 	IPA
Diacritic	Corresponding 
Grapheme	Tasqar 	Trans. 	Trans. 	IPA
◌َ 	ا	اليوْخىرد	alïù'hairad 	⟨a⟩ 	/ə/
◌ََ 	اً	اًليوْخىرد	aelïù'hairad	⟨ae⟩ 	/æ/
◌ّ 	اّ	اّقوْخىرد	auqù'hairad 	⟨au⟩ 	/aʊ/
◌ِ 	ى	ىخکوْخىرد	ihkù'hairad 	⟨i⟩ 	/i/
◌ِِ 	ىٍ	ىٍخکوْخىرد	ehkù'hairad 	⟨e⟩ 	/e/
◌ُ 	و	ونصيوْخىرد	unçïù'hairad	⟨u⟩ 	/ʊ/
◌ٌ 	وٌ	وٌنصيوْخىرد	onçïù'hairad	⟨o⟩ 	/ɒ/
◌ْ 	 	قىدرت 	qïdart 	⟨'⟩, ⟨-⟩	-
=== Vowels - Diacritic or Grapheme ===
Whenever vowels are the the first or the last sound in words they are written as graphemes. The grapheme ⟨i⟩ can represent both a consonant sound and a vowel sound but should only be written out in the middle of words if the sound they represent is a consonant. If the vowels are in the middle of a word they shall be written with diacritics.
=== Vowels - Marked or Negated ===
In formal contexts such as legal documents, records, holy scriptures or educational litterature vowels are written out with diacritics. In more informal contexts such as common litterature, letters, signs or messages to the public you usually don't write the diacritics. This done for conveniance's sake, as writing all diacritics are done after writting the graphemes and therefore becomes time-consuming.
=== The stigmatisation of the letter Ü ===
In Tasqar culture, the letter Ü has become associated with the devil and death. Therefore it has been avoided when pronouncing words containing it. This has caused most Ïrîqarice words to switch pronounciation except the ones with negative meanings. A example of this is the word "kuzsh" that was previously spelled as "küzsh" in irîqarince. The word for "death" - "Üruq", has kept its spelling.
== Phonology ==
=== Phonemes ===
Consonants
 	 	Labial	Dental	Denti-alveolar	Denti-alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
 	 	Labial	Dental	plain 	emphatic 	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal 	Nasal 	m 	 	n 	 	 	 	ŋ 	
Stop 	voiceless 	p 	 	t 	 	 	 	k 	q
Stop 	voiced 	b 	 	d 	 	 	 	g 	
Fricative 	voiceless 	f 	θ 	s 	sˤ 	 	ʃ 	ɧ 	
Fricative 	voiced 	v 	(ð)* 	z 	 	(ʐ)* 	 	(ɣ)* 	
Trill 	Trill 	 	 	r 	 	 	 	 	
Approximant	Approximant	 	 	 	ɫ 	 	j 	w 	
*Only appears as allophone
=== The pronunciation of Akirashalam using IPA: ===
[əki:reəʃ əɫəm]
=== Syllable Structure ===
The Syllable structure in Tasqarînçe is (C)2V(C)2. The Syllable (σ) is broken into the two components:
* Onset (ω): consists of consonant or consonant cluster.
* Rime (ρ): Follows the onset, consists of nucleus and coda.
** Nucleus (ν): consists of a vowel or a syllabic consonant.
** Coda (κ): consists of consonant or consonant cluster.
=== Phonotactics ===
==== Onset ====
The following can occur as an onset:
All single-consonant phonemes except /ŋ/	
Non-Labial or Velar Stop plus /j/:
/pj/, /qj/, /dj/	Pherpïù, qïdù, dïuram
Voiceless Labial or Velar Fricative plus /j/:
/fj/, /xj/	Fï, Baehïù
Denti-alveolar Nasal except /ŋ/ plus /j/:
/nj/	Nïun
Denti-alveolar Fricative + /ɣ/:
/zɣ/ 	Zhaiph
Denti-alveolar stop + /z/:
/dz/ 	Dzem
Voiced Denti-Alveolar Fricative plus /ɣ/:
/zɣ/	Ühkizh
==== Nucleus ====
The following can occur as the nucleus:
* All vowels
* /r/
==== Coda ====
The following can occur as the coda:
All single-consonant phonemes	
Trill plus /t/:
/rt/ 	Thaabart
Trill plus /ð/:
/rð/ 	Barthom
Voiced Denti-Alveolar Fricative plus /ɣ/:
/zɣ/	Izhedam
Voiced Velar Fricative plus /k/
/ɧk/	Ahk
Voiceless Dental Fricative plus /b/:
/θp/	Hemaathbe
/ʐ/ 	Kuzsh
==== Syllable Patterns ====
/ɨ/, /eə/, /eɪ/ are always their own syllable.
==== Word-level Patterns ====
* /p/ does not occur in word-initial position in words.
* /w/ only occurs at the end of words following /ʊ/ in ⟨ù⟩.
== Numeral System ==
Tasqarînçe has individual words for each whole number ranging from zero to ten.
Word 	Zaqur	Phur	Phus	Pheszh	Lur	Lus	Leszh	Aur	Aus	Aezsh
Corresponding number	0 	1 	2 	3 	4 	5 	6 	7 	8 	9
=== The Modern Tasqar Numeral System ===
The Tasqar numerical system is decimal just as the common Travelers Numeral System. Values in Tasqarînçe are treated like adjectives when they are adjacent to something else. That means that they are placed in front of the word they are adjecent to and connected to the word by an connection indicator [']. To create bigger values than nine, Tasqarince uses a reversed positional system where the lowest value position comes first. According to this order you compose numbers according to this order without changing the spelling. For example if you would want to write the number 14 that would be "Lurphur".
=== The Old Ïrîan Numeral System ===
While the Modern Tasqar Numeral system is used currently, it hasn't been like that always. Before the integration of Akirashalam into Aristios, the Old îrian System was used. The Old îrian Numeral System is based in quarternary and only had four numbers. This originates from that the irîan people counted the three phalanges in each finger instead of counting whole fingers. Other than these properties the Old Irîan System is identical to the Modern Tasqar System
The four irîan numbers:
Word 	Zaqur	Phur	Lur	Aur
Corresponding number	0 	1 	2 	3
==Grammar==
=== Nouns ===
==== Single Nouns ====
Through addings suffixes new nouns can be formed from pre-existing nouns. One such suffix would be [-art] roughtly analogous to user of or man of proffesion. An example of this would be Kuzshart (Swordsman) where Kuzsh means Sword.
Nouns are categorised as either countable or non-countable. Nouns describing continous matter such as Ehk (Water) and "Çariph (Silk) aswell as nouns describing concepts such as Harteph (Cyan) and Üthon (Hate) are non-countable. Nouns describing occurances aswell as finite matter are countable.
If the noun is determined the suffix [-ut] is added. To notate is that non-countable nouns always appear in the determined singular form. This is the central determiner. In general determiners appear as suffixes to the noun. 
List of determining suffixes
Number 	Determiners	Determiners 	Category 	English Counterpart
Number 	Trans. 	Tasqar Script	Category 	English Counterpart
Singular	-ut 	ت- 	Article 	The
Plural 	-uta 	تا- 	Article 	The
Singular	-ophen 	فن- 	Universal 	Each, Every
Plural 	-ophena 	فنا- 	Universal 	All
Singular	-ü 	ع- 	Existensial	Some,
any
Plural 	-üa 	عا- 	Existensial	Some,
any
If a countable noun is in plural the suffix [-a] is added. 
==== Compounded nouns ====
=== Tasqar Adjectives & Adverbs ===
=== Postpositions ===
=== Articles & Determiners ===
===Pronouns===
Personal Pronouns (Tasqarînçe doesn't have possesive pronouns because of that it expresses possesion in other ways.)
 	Number & Gender	Subject	Object 	Reflexive
First-Person 	Singular 	Ïakr 	Ïakar 	Ïakirut
First-Person 	Plural 	Ïakra 	Ïakara 	Ïakriuta
Second-Person	Singular 	Shokr 	Shokar 	Shokirut
Second-Person	Plural 	Shokra 	Shokara	Shokiruta
Third-Person 	Masculine 	Ohkr 	Ohkar 	Ohkirut
Third-Person 	Femenine 	Aihkr 	Aihkar 	Aihkirut
Third-Person 	Epicene 	Ihkr 	Ihkar 	Ihkirut
Third-Person 	Inaminate 	Ïuhkr 	Ïuhkar 	Ïuhikrut
Third-Person 	Plural 	Ihkra 	Ihkara 	Ihkiruta
Generic 	Generic 	Anider 	Anidar 	Aniderut
Dummy 	Dummy 	Ïader 	 	
== Dictionary ==
https://docs.google.com/document/d/16vjX5OA0LeicxoZ8pNjrG_NS01PrDDdEePLyWDXUtuM/edit?usp=sharing
Category:Languages
Category:Aristios
Category:Tasqar
Category:Traveler's Era