(1900) Fleurus Class - LB

-- Overview --
Class of three ships Fleurus, Massena, and Couronne. Lain down January 1900, and completed October 1901. Featured new primary 33cm/40 model 1899, and tertiary 15cm/45 model 1895, guns. Introduced a 25cm gun secondary battery in single turrets. Also possessed a thicker 15" belt than to proceeding Bretagne Class.
-- Design --
Fleurus Class, Celtica BB laid down 1900
Displacement:
   12,144 t light; 12,883 t standard; 13,862 t normal; 14,646 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (380.00 ft / 380.00 ft) x 76.00 ft x (28.00 / 29.30 ft)
   (115.82 m / 115.82 m) x 23.16 m  x (8.53 / 8.93 m)
Armament:
     4 - 12.99" / 330 mm 40.0 cal guns - 1,200.00lbs / 544.31kg shells, 60 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1899 Model
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
     6 - 9.84" / 250 mm 45.0 cal guns - 500.01lbs / 226.80kg shells, 100 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1899 Model
     6 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
     12 - 5.91" / 150 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
     Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1895 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
       12 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
     12 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 20.00lbs / 9.07kg shells, 250 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
       12 raised mounts
     4 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 2.01lbs / 0.91kg shells, 400 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
       4 raised mounts
     Weight of broadside 9,248 lbs / 4,195 kg
     Main Torpedoes
     4 - 17.7" / 450 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.472 t each, 1.886 t total
   submerged side tubes
Armour:
  - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
   Main:    15.0" / 381 mm    250.80 ft / 76.44 m    9.50 ft / 2.90 m
   Ends:    6.00" / 152 mm    129.20 ft / 39.38 m    9.50 ft / 2.90 m
   Upper:    6.00" / 152 mm    250.80 ft / 76.44 m    7.50 ft / 2.29 m
     Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
  - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
       1.00" / 25 mm    250.80 ft / 76.44 m    25.00 ft / 7.62 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 65.00 ft / 19.81 m
  - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:    15.0" / 381 mm    8.00" / 203 mm        12.2" / 310 mm
   2nd:    6.00" / 152 mm    3.00" / 76 mm        1.25" / 32 mm
   3rd:    6.00" / 152 mm    1.25" / 32 mm        1.25" / 32 mm
   4th:    1.25" / 32 mm          -                  -
  - Protected deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 3.05" / 77 mm
   Forecastle: 1.30" / 33 mm  Quarter deck: 1.30" / 33 mm
  - Conning towers: Forward 13.00" / 330 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines, 
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 11,182 ihp / 8,342 Kw = 17.00 kts
   Range 5,861nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,763 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
   638 - 830
Cost:
   £1.361 million / $5.443 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 1,865 tons, 13.5 %
      - Guns: 1,862 tons, 13.4 %
      - Weapons: 4 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 5,203 tons, 37.5 %
      - Belts: 2,400 tons, 17.3 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 232 tons, 1.7 %
      - Armament: 1,335 tons, 9.6 %
      - Armour Deck: 1,074 tons, 7.7 %
      - Conning Tower: 162 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 1,747 tons, 12.6 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,328 tons, 24.0 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,718 tons, 12.4 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     14,766 lbs / 6,698 Kg = 13.5 x 13.0 " / 330 mm shells or 7.1 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.26
   Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
   Roll period: 14.3 seconds
   Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
           - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.68
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.38
Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has low quarterdeck ,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.606
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.00 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 19.49 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
               Fore end,     Aft end
      - Forecastle:    17.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Forward deck:    33.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Aft deck:    33.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Quarter deck:    17.00 %,  7.50 ft / 2.29 m,  7.50 ft / 2.29 m
      - Average freeboard:        13.73 ft / 4.18 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101.4 %
       - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 94.6 %
   Waterplane Area: 21,122 Square feet or 1,962 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 91 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 154 lbs/sq ft or 751 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
       - Cross-sectional: 0.90
       - Longitudinal: 2.59
       - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Armament:
33cm/40 model 1899
25cm/45 model 1899
15cm/45 model 1895
9cm/45 model 1892
4cm/50 model 1892
45cm/4 model 1892
Armor:
Main belt extends 2' below waterline
1.25" protected deck & slopes plus 1.25" battery and 0.5" upper
Main barbette 15" above battery 8" below