1539 e.v.

Lutheranism is forcibly introduced into Iceland, despite the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.
Beaulieu Abbey, Bolton Abbey, Colchester Abbey, Newstead Abbey, St Albans Abbey, St Mary's Abbey, York and Hartland Abbey (the last) fall prey to the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England. Laurence Tomson, English Calvinist, is born (will die in 1608). Humphrey Gilbert, English adventurer, explorer, member of Parliament and soldier, is born (will die in 1583). James Beaton, Scottish church leader, dies (was born in 1473)
The first edition of the Calvinist Genevan Psalter is published.
In Henan province, China, a severe drought with swarms of locusts is made worse, by a major epidemic outbreak of the plague.
The first printing press in North America is set up in Mexico City.
Teseo Ambrogio's Introductio in Chaldaicam lingua, Syriaca atq Armenica, & dece alias linguas, published in Pavia, introduces several Middle Eastern languages to western Europe for the first time.
José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, Portuguese explorer, is born (will die in 1590)
Hasegawa Tōhaku, Japanese painter, is born (will die in 1610)
Cura Ocllo, Inca queen, dies.
== January ==
Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War – Battle of Naungyo, Burma: The Toungoos decisively defeat the Hanthawaddys.
=== 12th ===
Treaty of Toledo: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (and Charles I of Spain) and Francis I of France agree to make no further alliances with England. The treaty comes after Henry VIII of England's split with Rome and Pope Paul III.
=== 14th ===
Spain annexes Cuba.
=== 24th ===
Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist writer, dies (was born in 1509)
=== 28th ===
Nicolò Donato, Doge of Venice, is born (will die in 1618)
== February ==
Narapati of Prome, king of Prome in Burma.
=== 6th ===
John III, Duke of Cleves, dies (was born in 1491)
=== 9th ===
The first horse race is held at Chester Racecourse, the oldest in use in England.
=== 13th ===
Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine by marriage, is born (will die in 1582)
Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua, dies (was born in 1474)
=== 23rd ===
Henry XI of Legnica, thrice Duke of Legnica, is born (will die in 1588)
Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire as a wife of Emperor Akbar, is born (will die in 1613)
=== 27th ===
Franciscus Raphelengius, Dutch printer, is born (will die in 1597)
== March ==
Canterbury Cathedral surrenders and reverts to its previous status of 'a college of secular canons'.
=== 5th ===
Christoph Pezel, German theologian, is born (will die in 1604)
Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India, dies (was born in 1487)
=== 12th ===
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English diplomat and politician, dies (was born in 1477)
=== 18th ===
Maria of Nassau, Countess of Nassau, is born (will die in 1599)
=== 19th ===
Lord Edmund Howard, English nobleman, dies (was born in 1478)
== April ==
=== 5th ===
George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, is born (will die in 1603)
=== 6th ===
Amalia of Neuenahr, German noble, is born (will die in 1602)
=== 7th ===
Tobias Stimmer, Swiss artist, is born (will die in 1584)
Strange Jørgenssøn, Norwegian businessman, is born (will die in 1610)
=== 17th ===
George, Duke of Saxony, dies (was born in 1471)
=== 19th ===
Katarzyna Weiglowa, Jewish martyr, dies (was born in 1460)
=== 30th ===
Archduchess Barbara of Austria, Austrian archduchess, is born (will die in 1572)
John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble, dies (was born in 1470)
== May ==
The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.
=== 1st ===
Isabella of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress, dies (was born in 1503)
=== 7th ===
Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer, dies (was born in 1466)
Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism, dies (was born in 1469)
=== 22nd ===
Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, is born (will die in 1621)
=== 29th ===
Thomas Pounde, English Jesuit lay brother, is born (will die in 1613)
=== 30th ===
Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay, Florida with 600 soldiers, with the goal to find gold. He also introduces pigs into North America.
== June ==
=== 6th ===
Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia, is born (will die in 1610)
=== 13th ===
Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker, is born (will die in 1591)
=== 20th ===
Philip III, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, dies (was born in 1486)
=== 23rd ===
William Darrell of Littlecote, English politician, is born (will die in 1589)
=== 26th ===
Battle of Chausa in modern-day Buxar, India: Sher Shah Suri defeats the Mughal emperor, Humayun (Sher Shah goes on to form the Sur Empire and take control of nearly all Mughal territory).
== July ==
=== 4th ===
Louis VI, Elector Palatine, is born (will die in 1583)
=== 5th ===
St Anthony Maria Zaccaria, Italian saint, dies (was born in 1502)
=== 9th ===
Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr, dies (was born in 1476)
== August ==
Vannoccio Biringuccio, Italian metallurgist, dies (was born in 1480)
=== 15th ===
King Francis I of France issues the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêt, that places the whole of France under the jurisdiction of the royal law courts, and makes French the language of those courts, and the official language of legal discourse.
== September ==
=== 7th ===
Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.
=== 8th ===
John Stokesley, English prelate, dies (was born in 1475)
=== 18th ===
Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat, is born (will die in 1595)
== October ==
=== 1 ===
Peter Vok, Czech noble, is born (will die in 1611)
=== 4 ===
Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.
== November ==
=== 1st ===
Joachim II Hector introduces Lutheranism in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, becoming the second Prince-Elector after the Prince-Elector of Saxony to turn Protestant.
Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar, is born (will die in 1596)
=== 14th ===
Hugh Cook Faringdon, English Abbot of Reading, dies.
=== 26th ===
Abbot Marmaduke Bradley and 31 monks sign the deed surrendering Fountains Abbey to the English Crown.
== December ==
=== 5th ===
Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian, is born (will die in 1604)
=== 12th ===
Bartolomeo degli Organi, Italian musician, dies (was born in 1474)
=== 20th ===
Paulus Melissus, German composer, is born (will die in 1602)
Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer, dies (was born in 1506)
=== 31st ===
John Radcliffe, English politician, is born (will die in 1568)
== The Symphony That Never Ends ==
The Council of Verona begins to reform the worst abuses of the Church and condemns Protestant doctrines.
Category:Year
Category:2nd millennium era vulgaris
Category:16th century era vulgaris
Category:1530s era vulgaris