Provinces and territories of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. In 1867, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, on the formation of Canada, was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—were united to form the new nation. Since then, Canada's external borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.
The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867), whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the federal government. This means that while a change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment, a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the federal Parliament or government. Moreover, in modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, and each province has its own "Crown" represented by the lieutenant governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner who represents the federal government.
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==Location of provinces and territories==
==Provinces==
Flag 	Shield	Province 	Postal abbreviation	Capital 	Largest city(by population)	Entered Confederation	Population(July 2014)	Area: land (km2)	Area: water (km2)	Area: total (km2)	Official language(s)	Federal Parliament: Commons seats	Federal Parliament: Senate seats
 	 	Ontario 	ON 	Toronto 	Toronto 	 	13,678,700 	917,741 	158,654 	1,076,395 	English 	121 	24
 	 	Quebec 	QC 	Quebec City 	Montreal 	 	8,214,700 	1,356,128 	185,928 	1,542,056 	French 	78 	24
 	 	Nova Scotia 	NS 	Halifax 	Halifax 	 	942,700 	53,338 	1,946 	55,284 	English 	11 	10
 	 	New Brunswick 	NB 	Fredericton 	Saint John 	 	753,900 	71,450 	1,458 	72,908 	EnglishFrench 	10 	10
 	 	Manitoba 	MB 	Winnipeg 	Winnipeg 	 	1,282,000 	553,556 	94,241 	647,797 	English, 	14 	6
 	 	British Columbia 	BC 	Victoria 	Vancouver 	 	4,631,300 	925,186 	19,549 	944,735 	English 	42 	6
 	 	Prince Edward Island 	PE 	Charlottetown	Charlottetown 	 	146,300 	5,660 	0 	5,660 	English 	4 	4
 	 	Saskatchewan 	SK 	Regina 	Saskatoon 	 	1,125,400 	591,670 	59,366 	651,036 	English 	14 	6
 	 	Alberta 	AB 	Edmonton 	Calgary 	 	4,121,700 	642,317 	19,531 	661,848 	English 	34 	6
 	 	Newfoundland and Labrador	NL 	St. John's 	St. John's 	 	527,000 	373,872 	31,340 	405,212 	English 	7 	6
Total	Total 	Total 	Total 	Total 	Total 	Total 	 	 	 	 	— 	 	
Notes:
:A. De facto; French has limited constitutional status
:B. Charter of the French Language; English has limited constitutional status
:C. Nova Scotia dissolved cities in 1996 in favour of regional municipalities; its largest regional municipality is therefore substituted
:D. Nova Scotia has very few bilingual statutes (three in English and French; one in English and Polish); some Government bodies have legislated names in both English and French
:E. Section Sixteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
:F. Manitoba Act
===Provincial legislature buildings===
File:Alberta-Provincial-Legislature-Building-Edmonton-Alberta-Canada-01.jpg|Alberta Legislature Building
File:British Columbia Parliament Buildings - Pano - HDR.jpg|British Columbia Parliament Buildings
File:Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba.jpg|Manitoba Legislative Building
File:New Brunswick Legislative Assembly 2011.JPG|New Brunswick Legislative Building
File:ConfederationBuildingStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG|Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)
File:Province House (Nova Scotia).jpg|Province House (Nova Scotia)
File:Pink Palace Toronto 2010.jpg|Ontario Legislative Building
File:282 - Birthplace of Canada Charlottetown PEI.JPG|Province House (Prince Edward Island)
File:Québec - Hôtel du Parlement 3.jpg|Parliament Building (Quebec)
File:Saskatchewan legislative building.jpg|Saskatchewan Legislative Building
==References==
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