Noi Bai International Airport

Nội Bài International Airport (IATA: HAN, ICAO: VVNB) in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is the country’s second largest and busiest international airport for passenger traffic, after Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City. It is currently the main airport serving Hanoi, replacing the role of Gia Lam Airport. The airport consists of two passenger terminals and a cargo terminal. Terminal 1 serves domestic flights, and Terminal 2 (inaugurated on 4 January 2015) serves all international flights to and from Hanoi. The airport is currently the main hub of the flag carrier Vietnam Airlines, travel carrier Vietravel Airlines, and an operating base of budget carriers Bamboo Airways and VietJet Air.
The airport is located in Phú Minh commune in Sóc Sơn district, about 35 km (22 mi) northeast of downtown Hanoi, via the new Nhật Tân Bridge (also inaugurated on 4 January 2015). It can also be reached by National Road 3, which connects it with the eastern suburbs of Hanoi. The airport is also close to some satellite cities of Hanoi such as Vĩnh Yên, Bắc Ninh and Thái Nguyên. The airport served a total of 13 million passengers in 2013, despite having a capacity of only 9 million at the time. The new international terminal, which had its first commercial flight on 25 December 2014 and went into full operation on 31 December 2014, has boosted the airport's total capacity to 20 million passengers per year. In 2018, the airport served 28 million passengers. The airport's IATA code, HAN, is derived from the city's current name of Hanoi.
Of the routes the airport offers, the Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City route is the busiest flight in Southeast Asia and the fourth busiest in the world, serving 10,883,555 customers in 2023, an increase of 3% in comparison to 2022.
== History ==
The airport was developed immediately south of the Phúc Yên Air Base and opened on 2 January 1978. Civil operation was only between communist countries, with international flights from China, East Germany, Soviet Union, and after the unification, adding other countries in Southeast Asia region. Handling these flights were a set of three small buildings namely Terminal G2 (Vietnamese: Ga 2 - Ga Quốc tế đi) for International Departure, Terminal G3 (Vietnamese: Ga 3 - Ga hàng không đường bay trong nước) for Domestic Departure&Arrival, Terminal G4 (Vietnamese: Ga 4 - Ga Quốc tế đến）for International Arrival. These terminals were continuously renovated to handle the increasing number of flights. However, in the end they were too small for the actual need, and the new terminal was built and was completed to operate in 2001. The old terminals were then demolished to make place for the current cargo terminal.
In 2005, Tiger Airways started thrice-weekly flights between Hanoi and Singapore after launching direct flights between Hồ Chí Minh City and Singapore becoming the first budget airline to operate in Vietnam. It was later joined by low-cost carrier AirAsia when they launched direct flights between Hanoi and Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur.[citation needed]
The second runway (1B – 11R/29L) opened in 2006 and the following year the airport hosted an Airbus A380 for the first time, although no scheduled A380 services are operated from the airport. 2013 saw the first arrival of a Cargolux Boeing 747-8F.[citation needed] In 2014, the airport received its first scheduled service with the newest generation of commercial aircraft when All Nippon Airways started using a Boeing 787-8 on services between to Tokyo–Haneda and later the same year the airport received its first visit of Airbus A350 XWB operated by Airbus on World Tour trip. In 2015, Vietnam Airlines started to operate the Airbus A350 XWB for commercial domestic flights.[citation needed]
The airport has been a SkyTeam hub since mid-2010, after Vietnam Airlines joined the network that year.
== Terminals and facilities ==
At 650 hectares, Noi Bai is the second-largest airport in Vietnam, behind the 800 hectare Tan Son Nhat International Airport. Terminal 1, completed in 2001, used to be the sole terminal handling both domestic and international flights. However, with the opening of the second terminal, it is now reassigned to handle domestic flights only. The terminal saw its first extension in 2013 with the inauguration of the new lobby E, and was capable of handling 9 million passengers per annum. The terminal is currently being upgraded to handle 15 million passengers annually upon completion in March 2018.
The construction of the new terminal (Terminal 2) next to the existing one with a designed capacity of 10 million passengers per annum started in March 2012. The 996 m long new terminal building, funded by a Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA loan was designed by Japan Airport Consultants and was built by Taisei Corporation. The total investment for the project was ¥75.5 billion (US$645.35 million). Japan's official development assistance accounted for ¥59 billion ($504.27 million) of the investment, while the remaining amount was covered by local funds. The new international terminal was inaugurated on 4 January 2015 together with a new freeway connecting the airport to downtown Hanoi via the Nhật Tân Bridge.
The airport has a 3,800-meter paved runway (CAT II – 11R/29L) which opened in August 2006 and an older 3,200-meter paved runway (CAT I – 11L/29R). The older runway was closed for upgrades for 4 months from August to December 2014. The distance between the two runways is only 250 metres, so the airport currently restricts the maximum passenger capacity in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization safety regulations.
The AMAN/DMAN system was implemented at the airport in October 2021 to manage and arrange the shortest flight trajectory of each flight, allowing to increased passenger capacity and airspace operations.
=== Awards ===
Following the inauguration of the new international terminal, the Noi Bai International Airport received the World's Most Improved Airport Award from Skytrax.
The construction project of the new Noi Bai international terminal also received the JICA President Award for 2015.
=== Transit ===
One can generally do an international transit through the airport without a visa as long as one does not need to leave the security area. There is the ability to pick up boarding passes within the security area including for some low cost airlines like VietJet.
== Airlines and destinations ==
=== Passenger ===
Airlines 	Destinations
Vietnam Airlines	Buon Ma Thuot, Can Tho, Chu Lai, Da Lat, Da Nang, Dien Bien Phu, Dong Hoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, London–Heathrow, Manchester (To be announced), Melbourne, Nha Trang, Phu Quoc, Pleiku, Quy Nhon, Sydney, Tuy Hoa, Vinh
=== Cargo ===
Airlines 	Destinations
Aerotranscargo 	Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Hong Kong
AirBridgeCargo 	Anchorage, Hong Kong, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Taipei–Taoyuan (all suspended)
Air Incheon 	Seoul–Incheon
Asiana Cargo 	Chongqing, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore
Atlas Air 	Delhi, Hong Kong, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
Cargolux 	Hong Kong, Kuwait City, Luxembourg
Cardig Air 	Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Shenzhen
Cathay Cargo 	Dhaka, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Penang, Singapore
China Airlines Cargo 	Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Southern Cargo 	Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City
DHL Aviationoperated by DHL Air UK	East Midlands, Leipzig, Shenzhen, Bahrain
Emirates SkyCargo 	Dubai–Al Maktoum, Auckland
Etihad Cargo 	Abu Dhabi, Anchorage, Chittagong
EVA Air Cargo 	Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express 	Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City
Garuda Cargo 	Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Hong Kong Air Cargo 	Hong Kong
Jeju Air Cargo 	Seoul–Incheon
Korean Air Cargo 	Delhi, Dhaka, Navoiy, Penang, Seoul–Incheon, Vienna
K-Mile Air 	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong
Longhao Airlines 	Zhengzhou
Lufthansa Cargo 	Frankfurt, Mumbai
MASkargo 	Kuala Lumpur–International
Qatar Airways Cargo 	Doha
SF Airlines 	Hangzhou, Wuhan
SpiceXpress 	Delhi
Turkish Cargo 	Delhi, Istanbul, Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Turkmenistan Airlines 	Ashgabat
UPS Airlines 	Anchorage, Hong Kong, Louisville, Singapore
== Ground transportation ==
The future line 6 of Hanoi Metro is planned to be extended to the airport.
== References ==
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# ^ Vietnam Airlines Joins SkyTeam Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, 10 June 2010. archive 2010-06-13
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# ^ https://www.aerotelegraph.com/vietnam-airlines-kommt-mit-boeing-787-nach-muenchen
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# ^ Etihad Cargo announces freighter operations to Hanoi Etihad Airways 13 July 2014 14:00
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# ^ Qatar Airways cargo division adds three new routes GulfBase.com 12/04/2011 00:00 AST. archive 2011-04-16
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# ^ "2019 Airport Traffic Report" (PDF). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.