Hungary (Chaos)

== Rise under King ==
In 1237, the returned to the . While in OTL he found them eradicated by the , ITTL he started to convert them to Christianity and tried to recruit them to settle in Hungary. A delegation of them visited Hungary proper and liked the idea of settling there. Thus, king Bela could widen the population base of his country. Since his country wasn't ravaged by the Mongols, this helped him too. In 1243, he conquered ; and in 1246, he fought , killing the last duke Friedrich II. and became Hungarian sphere of influence, and many Volga Hungarians settled there. In 1254, Hungary "divided" Styria with young king Venceslaus / . Hungary got the better part, only a few border cities became Austrian. tried to improve the situation one year later, waged war against Hungary, but was defeated. In the same year, prince Stephen / Istvan married a princess of the Volga Hungarians.
In his last years, Bela had troubles with his son, who'd rebel against him in 1262, and practically got his own kingdom in Eastern Hungary. 1268, Prince Istvan invaded to widen his power base. Only the weakness of Byzantium and the crusader states, the Hungarian threat to Serbia and the fact that Hungary itself is close to be overextended prevented that Bulgaria was even worse off. In 1270, he died.
== End of the Arpad dynasty ==
Just two years after becoming king, Istvan V died too, and Ladislaus / followed him. In 1274, Hungary occupied Serbia. But in 1275, Otakar Przemysl, who had become Roman king in the meanwhile, attacked Hungary with his n allies, and this time he won. Styria was divided: Western / Upper Styria became part of Austria (thus connecting the Przemyslids' possessions), the rest (two thirds) became (Upper) Bavarian. The Serbs rebelled 1284 against the Hungarians under Stefan Uroš II Milutin of the former Serbian Nemanjić dynasty. Fightings went on for several years, but at the end, the Hungarians were stronger. In 1290, when Laszlo died, they had to make his last living relative king ; he'd be the last king of the Arpad dynasty in Hungary, and he died quite soon too, in 1301.
== Under various dynasties - the Seljuk threat ==
The nobles had elected the Wittelsbach duke II of Lower Bavaria king, but in 1304 he left the country again, and they had to replace him by Louis / of the Anjou dynasty. At this time, the Serbian rebellion under took place (1303-07). At the end, Hungary had to give them independence. The new under czar Stepan also included Bosnia. At least, until the 1350s Hungary extended its influence over the western Kumans (west of the Dniepr).
But in 1363, the Anjou dynasty died out too, so they chose the Polish kings to become kings of Hungary as well; but soon the second of them, king Kazimierz / / Casimir was incompetent and often absent, so in 1371, they again changed dynasties, now electing Sigismund / of . He conquered the Russian princedom of in an alliance with the , which was divided between them in 1375.
But 1383-87 he had to fight the who had crossed the Danube, defeated the Hungarians several times, and took control of Vlachia. After this, he managed to organize the last crusade 1388-91. The Hungarians and their allies could win some battles against the Seljuks, took Bosnia back, but no more. Even worse, in 1392/93 the stroke Hungary, being introduced by returning crusaders. The king also died of it. And after the Seljuks had a bit recovered from the Black Death, they stroke against Hungary again, 1396-1400. They occupied Moldavia, Bosnia and Slavonia (East Croatia). Later in 1431, managed to conquer back the areas Hungary took from Halich-Volhyn in 1375, since Hungary also had trouble with the n theocracy. Like the Anjous, the Luxemburg dynasty also ended with the death of the childless third king in 1432. Now they chose a Karl / from , who stayed quite unpopular in Hungary, so it was almost a relief when he died childless in 1460.
== The Landshut dynasty and the defeat against the Seljuks ==
Only the entanglement of the on the Italian peninsula had given Hungary a break. Unfortunately, the kings had missed the opportunity to strike back, or prepare otherwise. Under these circumstances, it was hard to find a candidate for the throne. Finally, they elected prince Ludwig of the Landshut branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, making him king . At the beginning neither side was happy about the situation; his son, king since 1473 , proved very popular however. 
1480, the fear of a Seljuk attack became reality. For twelve years, the Hungarians fought, without assistance from abroad; but in 1492, the king himself fell in battle, and the country had to make peace: The Seljuks broke Hungary up, leaving only and the western third to the king. The center and were annexed by them, became a tributary. The young king did his best to master the burden of his fate; but as soon as 1501/02, even the rest of Hungary was occupied by Seljuks; had to flee Hungary, and would die in exile in 1539. His son would die in 1570, thus ending this dynasty too.
Hungary now was completely under Seljuk occupation.
== Liberation and rule ==
Now however, the great powers stroke back. The 1567-74 made Hungary (if only the west) independent again in the (Austria). France used this opportunity to make Hungary a close ally, leading to François of Bourbon elected new king . The 1599-1604 gave core Hungary to Bourbon Hungary in the . After the (1635-46), the gave Bourbon Hungary Croatia, Slavonia, Transsylvania and the Banat. And the (1668-74), which was joined by the South Russians, even gave Hungary Serbia and Bosnia in the , making it almost as strong as during its apex.
== Rationalist absolutism ==
The country soon started to flourish again: 1607, the University of (the old capital of Hungary) was re-founded.
In 1642, the Government of the "Twin princes" François / (also king of Poland) and Charles / began. Introducing enlightened absolutism, they practiced religious tolerance, thus stabilizing the until then very shaky Hungary (having Catholics in Hungary and Slovakia, Orthodox in Transsylvania and Bohemian brothers in, well, Bohemia, made governing the state extremely difficult). Even the Jews and Muslims in the country profited from the new tolerance.
Hungary joined the at France's side. During fall 1687, the Bohemian army of Hungary plundered the margravate of .
In 1712, Charles / became king of Hungary. During his long reign, he reformed Hungary - taking many ideas and technologies from (thus indirectly, ). In 1758, he had the first telegraph line in a Catholic country built.
After the , the Palatinate went neither to France nor Bavaria, but to a grandnephew of the king.
== The breakdown ==
Although king Karoly wasn't happy about this decision, he joined the other monarchies in the . This would lead at the end to the loss of the Czech and Slovak lands after the in the 1784, which became the , a French satellite.
When the dynasty in Austria died out, the country fell to Hungary in 1816. But as soon as 1833, king Sigismond / died without heir too.
When Russia diplomatically clashed with Hungary in 1834, emperor feared Russia invading Hungary at the wrong time. So he suggested the : Austria went to united , Croatia to , Transsylvania became a Russian protectorate. New Rome also acquired most of OTL Slovenia (which was once Austrian), so Germany was cut off from the Adria.