The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power

The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of PowerLOTRonPrime on Twitter. A new age begins September 2, 2022. Journey to Middle-earth with The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. #LOTRonPrime #LOTR #LOTRROP. (January 19, 2022) (formerly nicknamed LOTRonPrime)LOTRonPrime Twitter page; LOTRonPrime Facebook page is a series produced by Amazon MGM Studios (formerly Amazon Studios), alongside New Line Cinema. It is a spin-off of J.R.R. Tolkien's lore of Middle-earth. The first season premiered in September of 2022.Muncy, Julie (July 30, 2018). Amazon Has Picked Star Trek 4 Writing Duo To Develop Its Lord Of The Rings Show. Kotaku. Retrieved on 2018-07-31Matt Grobar, "Wayne Che Yip Boards 'The Lord of the Rings' TV series as Director and Co-Executive Producer; Will Helm Four Episodes of Amazon Original", Deadline (March 24, 2021)
The series is set in a condensed Second Age, long before the time-frame of . It is a political, fantasy drama led by Morfydd Clark as a younger Galadriel with Robert Aramayo as Elrond, retelling the forging of the Great Rings, Downfall of Númenor, and founding of Mordor. The initial two episodes, "A Shadow of the Past" and "Adrift", were released on September 2, 2022 on Prime Video.
The show's first season concluded filming in New Zealand in July 2021, with J.A. Bayona helming the initial two episodesFlook, Ray (August 16, 2022). The Lord of the Rings: TROP Releases 2-Episode Global Launch Details. Bleeding Cool News and Rumors. Retrieved on 2022-10-03 out of a first season of eight episodes, to be followed by four more seasonsGoldberg, Lesley (November 15, 2017 6:35AM). Will Amazon’s ‘Lord of the Rings’ Series Be TV’s Most Expensive Show of All Time?. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved on 2022-10-03 and a possible additional, connected show.Otterson, Joe (November 13, 2017). ‘Lord of the Rings’ Series Moving Forward at Amazon With Multi-Season Production Commitment'. Variety. Retrieved on November 14, 2017 The first season's budget was an estimated $650 million NZD. Season Two began filming in the United Kingdom on October 3, 2022, with a premiere date of August 29, 2024.
== Seasons ==
Season	Episodes 	First airdate 	Last airdate
One 	8 episodes	September 2, 2022	October 14, 2022
Two 	8 episodes	August 29, 2024 	October 3, 2024
== Plot ==
The show is projected to progress at least five seasonshttps://twitter.com/TerraMediaBR/status/1346955014523248645 and some 50-hours of TVAnthony Breznican, Joanna Robinson, Amazon’s Lord of the Rings Series Rises: Inside The Rings of Power, Vanity Fair (10 February 2022) over a period of eight to ten years;Thomas Coughlan, "Amazon may be on the road to New Zealand, as Government signs subsidiary deal", NZStuff (16 April 2021).Thomas Coughlan, "Behind the Amazon deal: Fancy dinners, film premieres and a Covid-19 pandemic", NZStuff (16 April 2021) and, as of November 2019, the first two seasons have been greenlit.Auty, Dan (May 29, 2020). Amazon's Lord Of The Rings TV Show: Everything We Know About The Fantasy Series. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2020-07-05 In January 2020, Amazon announced that the first season would consist of eight episodes.Lindsay McDonald, "Amazon Just Revealed the Huge Cast of Its Lord of the Rings TV series", TV Guide (14 January, 2020) The Tolkien Estate reportedly has veto-power "on strategy and on vision"Zack Sharif, 'Lord of the Rings' TV Series Is Neither a "Remake" Nor a "Whole New Thing', Amazon Eying New Zealand Shoot, IndieWire, June 11, 2018 and will maintain the "main shape of the Second Age".Rick Marshall, Amazon's Lord of the Rings series: Everything we know so far, The Digital Trends, December 3, 2020
=== Premise ===
The plot centers around significant yet non-contemporaneous events of the Second Age, greatly reordered such that the lives of Elendil and Tar-Míriel (originally in the last millennium of the Age) coincide with the making of the Rings of Power and founding of Mordor, which occurred in prior millennia of the Age. As of Season One, it is unconfirmed in which century the series is meant to take place.
The most central story arc of the series is the making of the Rings of Power in Eregion, and the often-connected wiles of Sauron.
=== Source material ===
The series is meant to explore times millennia before . Amazon does have rights to most events of the Third Age, while events from the First Age and previous eras, such as the Years of the Trees and Days before days, are allowed to only "be mentioned at the most if they explain the events of the Second Age", unless they are taken directly from mentions in The Lord of the Rings.Tobias M. Eckerich, Exclusive Interview with Tom Shippey concerning LOTRonPrime, Deutsche Tolkien Geselschaft, 29 July 2019. The showrunners have said that they "have the rights solely to The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, The Return of the King, the Appendices, and , and that is it. We do not have the rights to The Silmarillion, Unfinished Tales, , or any of those other books.” However, the inclusion of Tirion and other elements suggest that more material may be licensed to them on an ad-hoc basis.
Source material for these periods includes mentions of relevant events occurring in The Lord of the Rings, including in Appendix A (The Númenórean Kings: Númenor) and Appendix B (The Tale of Years: The Second Age), and also material licensed "other related works, in each case written or inspired by J.R.R. Tolkien,"Series Memorandum of Understanding for the 5% Uplift in relation to the production of an Untitled Amazon Project, The New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, 2020. which can include "Akallabêth" and "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age" from The Silmarillion,Clifford Broadway, "Spy Report: 20 new details emerge from Amazon's Lord of the Rings: Characters, Sexless Nudity and Halflings", TheOneRing.net, July 20, 2021 and "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn" and "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor" from Unfinished Tales. Overall, the source material Amazon acquired the rights to is used with great liberty, with numerous adjustments to canonical characters and chronology.
=== Relation to Peter Jackson's films ===
Early on, New Line executives said that The Rings of Power would reprise visuals from Peter Jackson's films,Cirdan, Exklusiv: Zu den Kulissen der HERR DER RINGE Serie, Her Der Ringe Film (archived). and this was also the impression given to Jackson from his talks with the executives, saying that the showrunners intend to "have a series and a world where it sort of fits with the films",Kim-Taylor Foster, "Peter Jackson's Tips for Casting Aragorn in Lord of the Rings TV show", Fandom (4 December 2018) and "in the same world" as his films, agreeing to share his designs.James Croot, Sir Peter Jackson hasn't given up hope of making The Dam Busters, NZStuff, November 12 2018 This was reiterated by John Howe, who said "the show runners are determined to remain faithful to the existing trilogies"David Sutton, "Interview with Narnia Conceptual Designer John Howe", Narnia Fans (August 18, 2019) and that "it's a continuation."Mushroom, "Short Interview", TheOneRing (August 24 2019).
Blue Pill, [Art of John Howe」指环王概念主创约翰·豪先生带您逛画展并答粉丝问, YouTube, 17 August 2019.
 Orlando Bloom, having looked into the matter through Amazon producers, seems to have arrived at the same conclusion, as well, saying that "its not a remake"Steve Weintrub, Orlando Bloom Goes Deep on 'Retaliation', 'LOTR', 'Carnival Row 2' and Much More, Collider, 14 August 2020 However, "if only for legal reasons", the show cannot replicate specific props from the films, but has a similar design aesthetic.Joanna Robinson, 10 Burning Questions About Amazon’s The Rings of Power, Vanity Fair, 14 February 2022. Executive Jennifer Salke pointed out that "we’re also not starting from scratch." Lead actress Morfydd Clark said she struggles with not being an "imposter" of the movie actors, saying "There’s a huge amount of respect for the films.”Ben Travis, Morfydd Clark On Being Cast As Galadriel in Amazon's Lord of the Rings Series, Empire, 29 October 2020Dan Selcke, Young Galadriel actress details "Mind Blowing" scale of new Lord of the Rings show, Winter is Coming.
== Development & reveals ==
=== Rights ===
J.R.R. Tolkien never sold the rights to adapt his works for television, having rejected some propositions in 1964 and 1968.Brian J. Robb, Paul Simpson, "Middle Earth Envisioned: The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings: On Screen, On Stage and Beyond" (Race Point), pgs. 65-68. Several unlicensed adaptations aired on TV in Eastern Europe, beginning with Sagan om Ringen (1972), but the Tolkien Estate had since taken actions against allowing them to air again outside their countries. United Artists, who acquired the film rights in 1969, were given first bidding at the TV rights but, having failed to mount a successful film adaptation other than Ralph Bakshi's , had declined to pursue the TV rights. The Rankin/Bass TV Specials were made by exploiting a loophole in the US publication of the books, which temporarily made them public domain states-side.United States District Court, N.D. California, Saul Zaentz Company vs. Wozniak Travel inc, 627 F. Supp. 2d 1096 (N.D. Call 2008), July 29 2008. In 1993, an adaptation comprising "two or three films, or an epic television series" was developed but could not get the rights.Marlow, Script Writer (ROUND 2), TheOneRing.net (21 January 2000) In 1997, ITV Granada wanted to create a miniseries, but by that point a film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings (and The Hobbit as a prequel) was underway with director Peter Jackson.
The success of Jackson's , followed by (and a putative "bridge" film pitched by Jackson but never made)20 QUESTIONS WITH PETER JACKSON - PART 2, Ain't It Cool News, 30 December 1998. reinvigorated interest in the TV rights, although the Tolkien Estate, unsatisfied with the film adaptations up to that point, had declined to relinquish those or any other film rights. Jackson himself, in the audio commentary to the films, jested about a "spinoff TV series."New Line, The Two Towers Audio Commentary, 2003.
In July 2017, a lawsuit was settled between Warner Brothers, the company behind the Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit films, and the Tolkien Estate. With the two sides "on better terms" following the settlement, they began shopping a potential television series based on Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings books to several outlets, including Amazon, Netflix, and HBO. By September, Amazon had emerged as the frontrunner and entered negotiations for the series in co-operation with Warner Bros. TV.Neilee Andveera, ‘Lord Of The Rings’ TV Series Shopped With Huge Rights Payment Attached, Deadline Hollywood, 3 November 2017.Tatiana Siegel, "Inside Amazon's $250M 'Lord of the Rings' deal: "It's Very Much a Creature of the Times"", Hollywood Reporter (5 April 2018) In an uncommon move for programming developments at the studio, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos was personally involved with the negotiations;Daniel Holloway, "'Lord of the Rings': Amazon, Warner Bros. in Talks for Series Adaptation (EXCLUSIVE)", Variety (3 November 2017) Bezos had previously given Amazon Studios a mandate to develop a fantasy series of comparable scale to HBO's Game of Thrones, which had made the company the lead contender for the project.
In November 2017, Amazon Studios secured the rights to make a five-season production with the potential for spin-offs. The rights alone cost $250 millionAndreeva, Nellie (November 13, 2017). 'Amazon Sets ‘The Lord of the Rings’ TV Series In Mega Deal With Multi-Season Commitment'. Deadline. Retrieved on December 1, 2017; the first two seasons could cost upwards of $500 million.Dastin, Jeffrey (March 15, 2018) Exclusive: 'Amazon's internal numbers on Prime Video, revealed'. Reuters. Retrieved on March 18, 2018. The deal between Warner Brothers and the Tolkien Estate includes the potential for a spin-off series.Gilyadov, Alex (November 13, 2017). LORD OF THE RINGS TV SERIES GETS MULTI-SEASON COMMITMENT FROM AMAZON. IGN. Retrieved on 2018-06-08 New Line, the Warner Bros. division who produced the films, was included in the deal due to the potential for the series to use material from the films, with New Line president Carolyn Blackwood and Warner Bros. Pictures then-chairman Toby Emmerich - both of whom were executive producers on The Hobbit, were brought into the talks. The deal stipulated that production on the series begin within two years. Amazon has no current plans to make any "publishing projects."Graeme McMillan, Why on Middle Earth has there never been a true Lord of the Rings graphic novel, Polygon, 5 May 2021.
The deal gave Amazon "access to nearly all of the material in the Middle-earth saga" other than the First Age (except for references that crop-up in The Lord of the Rings) and, reportedly, The Silmarillion, which was the purview of the late Christopher Tolkien. Executive Jennifer Salke described creative discussions with the Tolkien Estate (particularly Simon) as a "partnership" and that they are "really thoughtful and smart." The Estate had met with prospective writers and showrunners, for whom they had approval rights.
Around this time, Christopher Tolkien had resigned from heading the EstateDaniel Helen, Christopher Tolkien resigns as Tolkien Estate Director, The Tolkien Society, 15 November 2017. and his son, Simon Tolkien (a supporter of the live-action films)Ian Nathan, Anything You Can Imagine: Peter Jackson and the Making of Middle Earth (HarperCollins: London, 2018), 288 ff. had taken up a more active role in it alongside Priscilla Tolkien (who lent her support to Ralph Bakshi in his day), Baillie Tolkien, Michael Tolkien, as well as their attorney, Steven Andrew Maier.
===Development===
Early during development, it was suggested the show would center around a young Aragorn,Uncle Iorlas, "if you will indulge me in a story", TheOneRing (21 July 2018) a premise that had previously been a part of a possible "The Lord of the Rings prequel" developed but never filmed by WingNut Films.Xoanon, "Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh talk THE HOBBIT", TheOneRing (19 November 2006) However, around April 2018 it was decided to switch to "the story of Eregion" in the Second Age, in spite of concerns by Amazon that it "covered too long a span."
Earlier, on February 13, 2019, Amazon's newly created Twitter account associated with the show posted the quote "I wisely started with a map." taken from Tolkien's Letter 144. Starting on February 15, and ending on March 7, different versions of a map of Middle-earth were released, first without labels, and each successive post including more labels than the previous map, and seemingly dating to a different period in Middle-earth history: mid-Third Age, early Third Age, and late Second Age.Chen Geller, "Okay, lets get the timeframe right, once and for all!", Reddit (21 January 2019)
The final map released on March 7 showed a wider view of Middle-earth, including the island of Númenor and the Elvish realm of Eregion. A different section of the Ring-verse appeared with each successive post, until it was completed with the fifth map.Altaira (February 21, 2019) Amazon Prime’s Middle-earth: our journey so far. Theonering.net. Retrieved on 2019-02-23 Assistance was given by Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey and artist John Howe in the tailoring of their interactive map.Devan Coogan, What to expect from Amazon's Lord of the Rings show and its second age setting, EW, 17 April 2019. Minor errata on the map were fixed after-the-fact, based on feedback from fans.
=== Writing ===
A writers room for the series had begun work in Santa Monica by mid-February 2019. Salke described extensive security measures that were being taken to keep details of this writing secret, including windows being taped closed and a security guard requiring fingerprint clearance from those entering the room. In addition to Payne and McKay, writers on the series include Gennifer Hutchison, Helen Shang, Jason Cahill, Justin Doble, Bryan Cogman, and Stephany Folsom, with Glenise Mullins acting as a consulting writer.Peter White, "Amazon sets Creative Team For 'Lord of the Rings' TV Series 'GoT' & 'Breaking Bad' Producers - TCA." Deadline (27 July 2019) The writers room was set to be disbanded once production on the series began, but would be reconvened during the four or five month break in filming that was scheduled following production on the first two episodes. The writers were expected to map out the second season and write the majority of its scripts during this production break.Nielle Andreeva, "'The Lord of the Rings' Series Gets Early Season 2 Renewal by Amazon, Sets Season 1 Hiatus." Deadline (18 November 2019)
=== Locations ===
Salke said in June 2018 that the series could be filmed in New Zealand, where the films were produced, but Amazon was also willing to film in other countries as long as they could "provide those locations in a really authentic way, because we want it to look incredible."Nellie Andreeva, "Amazon Studios' Head Jennifer Salke On Strategy, 'Lord of the Rings' Series, Battle For Talent & 'Transparent' End Game: Q&A", Deadline (11 June 2019) Pre-production on the series reportedly began around that time in Auckland,"New $1.5b LOTR TV Series set to film in Auckland", Newstalk ZB (30 June 2019) while location scouting for the series also took place in Scotland, with areas visited by the production including the Isle of Skye, Portpatrick, Scourie, Perthshire, and Loch Lomond.Craig McDonald, "New 1b Lord of the Rings prequel TV Series set to be filmed in Scotland", Daily Record (10 February 2019) Amazon and Creative Scotland held talks about the series' production being based at new studios that were under construction in Leith, Edinburgh.Craig McDonald, "Amazon's 1b Lord of the Rings series set to be filmed at new Scots studio." Daily Record (14 April 2019) In light of subsequent events and Amazon's contractual stipulation that they should have the liberty to shoot scenes outside of New Zealand, it may be that this was done to purely to put New Zealand in a competitive situation.
In December, Amazon held a "crisis meeting" with David Parker, New Zealand's Minister of Economic Development, after the studio threatened to take the production out of the country due to the lack of available studio space in Auckland.Brittany Keough, "Plans to film $1 billion Lord of the Rings television series in NZ under threat", Stuff.NZ (23 December 2018) During the meeting, Parker told Amazon they were welcome in New Zealand and the country's government wanted them to make the series there, but he did not propose any special deal for the series because "you don't want these things at any cost; you want them on terms that are good for New Zealand". New Zealand's Major Screen Production Grant, which provides up to a 25 percent refund in tax for international productions, was offered to Amazon for the series.Jason Walls, "Announcement on Amazon producing the Lord of the Rings TV show in NZ is 'imminent'", New Zealand Herald (2 July 2019) Amazon later received another $100 million boost from New Zealand.
On June 30, the New Zealand Herald reported that the series would be filmed primarily in Auckland and Queenstown, among other locations in New Zealand.Dillane, Tom (June 30, 2019) Auckland secures 'huge' part of US Amazon Lord of the Rings production - most expensive TV show ever at $1.5 billion plus New Zealand Herald. Retrieved on 7/1/19 Shooting of the series will be based on location rather than in-season chronology.Carbone, Gina (August 8, 2019) Amazon's Lord Of The Rings Season 1 Reportedly Has A Huge Episode Count. Cinemablend. Retrieved in 14/08/19 Amazon officially announced that the series would be filmed in New Zealand in September 2019, after completing negotiations with the New Zealand Government and the New Zealand Film Commission, as well as Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development (ATEED). The studio said filming was set to begin on the series in "the coming months", with some specific locations still being discussed according to ATEED. Payne and McKay explained that in choosing the series' primary location, they and the production team had needed "somewhere majestic, with pristine coasts, forests, and mountains" that could also meet the production requirements of the series.Mandy Tee, "Amazon's The Lord of the Rings TV series to start filming in Auckland" Stuff.NZ (18 September 2019)"Amazon Studios Announces New Zealand as Location for Its Upcoming Series Based on The Lord of the Rings", Amazon (17 September 2019) Amazon maintains the right to shoot some material elsewhere around the world if necessarily, be it as leverage on N.Z. authorities but also to allow for a diversity of locations and for the availability of the cast.
The series reportedly shot in several seaside locations in the vicinity of Auckland, including Piha, Muriwai (in a then-populated Gannet Colony), Anawhata and possibly Three Sisters Beach. Other locations include the forests in Piha, Fjordland (especially Mount Kidd) and Manapouri, as well Rangitikei, Denize Bluffs, Hauraki Gulf and Coromandel Peninsula. More than 1,000 New Zealanders were contracted for the first season, with around 700 more indirectly engaged with the production.Jonathan Milne, Bonnie Sumner, "Return of the Rings: Govt hopes Amazon will come back to film more seasons". Newsroom (August 5, 2021). 
For Season 2, production moved from New Zealand to the United Kingdom, although plates from New Zealand may still be used.Nellie Andreeva, 'The Lord of the Rings' To Move Production To UK From New Zealand For Season 2, Deadline, 12 August 2021. Pre-production began in the second half of 2022 at Bray Studios and Bovingdon Airfield among other locations with "half a billion pounds’ worth of production" costs,K. J. Yossman, From 'Lord of the Rings' to 'Bridgerton' The Inside Story of the U.K.'s Production Juggernaut, Variety, 25 November 2021. with the season scheduled to premiere on August 29, 2024."UAP". Writers Guild of America West. Retrieved February 12, 2022. The island of Tenerife (part of the Canary Islands) was used for the season's Rhun scenes.Juliette Harrison, The Rings of Power Season 2: First Look at the Drama and Betrayals Coming to Numenor, Den of Geek, 23 July 2024
=== Casting ===
By July 2019, Amazon had embarked on a "multi-year search" for actors. The showrunners and director JA BayonaAlex Ritman, Breakout Morfydd Clark Finally Sees Her ‘Saint Maud’ Released After COVID-19 Delays, Hollywood Reporter, 28 January 2021. stressed the "diverse" and "international" aspect of the cast, with several roles calling specifically for "diverse"Caleb Williams, "Full Character Breakdowns for Amazon's 'Lord of the Rings' TV series", Knighted Media (January 9, 2020) actors and actresses. Ultimately, the announced cast features actors hailing from the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Sri Lanka and the United States. Between November 2019 and January 2020, various audition tapes,Gravemaster, "Four audition tapes for Amazon's Lord of the Rings revealed; Markellah Kavenagh likely to play an Elf", Rednian Intelligence (20 October 2019)Cocospud, "Another Eldien Audition...", Reddit (20 October 2019) as well as character descriptions, had gradually leaked out.
On July 22 of 2019, it was announced that Australian actress Markella Kavenagh had been cast in the series,Rick Porter, Amazon's Lord of the Rings Sets First Castmember, Hollywood Reporter, 22 July 2019. with some reports that she would portray a character named "Tyra", or "Kyra". Three other placeholder character names were revealed as well: Beldor, Aric, and Eldien, with Conor Fogarty known to have auditioned for Beldor, Nick Hardcastle for Aric and Chloe Bremner and Seána Kerslake for Eldien.u/Cocospud, "Another Eldien Audition....", Reddit (20 October 2019) Auditions for other roles emerged later, with Joel Lambert, Chris Browning and Travis Johns auditioning for "Loda";Yslyven, "Audition for Amazon's Lord of the Rings hits at possible recast and other casting tidbits", Rednian Intelligence (26 September 2020). and Brian A. Wilson auditioned for "Hamsom."
From the tapes, it is apparent that a couple of characters, including "Brac", are Dwarves.Yslyven, "New audition tapes for Amazon's Lord of the Rings hint at Numenor", Rednian Intelligence (27 November 2019) Other roles revealed since were that of "King Durin, father of Durin", codenamed "Khain"; Pharazon, codenamed "Welyn"; Tar-Palantir, codenamed "Sarador" and three fellows of Isildur's.Fellowship of the Fans, "BREAKING: LEAKED Production Sheet Revealed + MAJOR Character Revelations for Amazon's #LOTRonPrime" YouTube (26 November 2021). Scenes had been reconstructed - in part from the audition tapes - of Galadriel teaming-up with Middle-earth native "Aric" on a voyage to Numenore, stowing away on Elendil's ship to appear before Miriel.Fellowship of the Fans, EXCLUSIVE: SHOCKING Galadriel Story Leaks For Amazons #LOTRonPrime| TSAS #15, YouTube, 31 October 2021.
On September 4 of the same year, it was announced that English actor Will Poulter would portray a yet unspecified character,Joe Otterson, 'Lord of the Rings' Series at Amazon Casts Will Poulter (EXCLUSIVE), Variety, 4 September 2019. though on December 12, it was reported that Poulter had left the series due to scheduling conflicts.Denise Petski, Nellie Andreeva, Will Poulter Exits 'Lord of the Rings' Amazon Series, Deadline, 12 December 2019. Poulter was reported to have been replaced by English actor Robert Aramayo on January 1, 2020.Neille Andreeva, 'The Lord of the Rings': Robert Aramayo To Star In Amazon TV Series, Deadline, 7 January 2020.
On January 14, 2020, Amazon revealed a cast of ten series regulars (arranged alphabetically by surname) via social media.Meet the first members of our fellowship. #LOTRonPrime Amazon's co-head of television Vernon Sanders noted that there were still some key roles that had yet to be filled. One of these key roles was confirmed to go to Maxim Baldry in March when his deal for the series was completed, after he had been informally attached to the series in October 2019. 
On December 3, 20 additional cast members were revealed.Calisuri, Amazon Studios Announces Wave 2 of Casting for Lord of the Rings TV Show, TheOneRing.net, 3 December 2020. At least a couple of the newly-announced members were informally attached to the series from the same time as the first ten regulars. Namely, Maxim Baldry; as well as Simon Merrels,Yslyvien, "Amazon's Lord of the Rings adds more actors and two more roles revealed", Rednian Intelligence (22 May 2020) cast in the otherwise-unknown role of "Tervyn." Lloyd Owen is reportedly attached to the role of "Loda" which was also being cast during the early casting sessions. Of the new cast members, seven were New Zealanders, with the rest of the cast members coming from Australia, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 
On March 14, 2021, actor Tom Budge announced his departure from the show, citing the showrunners wanting to change direction regarding his character.https://www.instagram.com/p/CMZnFx-HkAp/?igshid=5z8ow6a0xn2j Reportedly "a studio decision",Joseph Baxter, "Does the Latest Lord of the Rings Amazon Series Cast Exit Signal Trouble?" Den of the Geek (16 March 2021) a recast quickly commissioned by Amazon.Tom Reimann, "Amazon's 'Lord of the Rings' Has Appearantly Filmed Enough to Abruptly Replace a Cast Member", Collider (15 March 2021). Budge was cast as Celebrimbor, and replaced by Charles Edwards.
Additionally, Lady Amelie Child-Villiers, a child actress noted for her similarity to Morfydd Clark, was said to have "filmed scenes for Amazon’s Lord of the Rings series" before September 2020, and was officially announced along with Charles Edwards (replacing Tom Budge), Will Fletcher and Beau Cassidy, "rounding out" the cast.Lesley Goldberg, Amazon's 'Lord of the Rings' Rounds Out Sprawling Cast (Exclusive), Hollywood Reporter, 1 July 2021. 
==== Extras ====
Amazon had been casting extras of various ethnicities and body types. Some actors were cast under the guise of "warlords"Yslyven, "Amazon's Lord of the Rings series casts a group of warlords", Rednian Intelligence (3 March 2021) for unknown minor parts, as well as a "Mage Attendant."Fellowship of the Fans, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrHG5ebD1cw Several casting calls required "short people", naturally for Dwarven roles, described as "background extra & featured extra work (with opportunities to upgrade to larger roles).""Casting Now", BGT Casting An earlier casting call from October 2019 specified sizes of "4''6-4''1"Danielle Clent, "Lord of the Rings TV Series: Bearded Men, Missing Teeth and People Over 200cm wanted", Stuff.NZ (10 October 2019) as well as "character faces" - a euphemism used in casting the movies for formidable-looking people - elaborated as "earthy, weathered, dark skin, missing teeth, wonderful noses etc." as well as "beautiful, fair, fine-boned faces".
=== Rating & content ===
A casting call referenced extras who "must be willing to wear sheer clothing," although it may be that this particular casting requirement was later written out of the series. Another casting call for extras "comfortable with partial or full nudity", that was thought to have been for The Lord of the Rings, was in reference to the concurrent Auckland Netflix production, Cowboy Bebop and appeared in the show's second episode. It is possible the show will at some point feature nudity that is not sexualized. Regardless, the show is currently listed in most territories under Amazon's viewership rating "16+" and the equivalent TVPGA rating of "PG-14", with individual episodes possibly getting rated lower (TV-PG/12+) or higher (TV-MA/18+). Similar to Wheel of Time's rating, it would allow the showrunners great latitude with battlefield violence but also with adult themes (e.g. Pharazôn's incestuous marriage to Miriel) and other potential mature content. Nonetheless, Patrick McKay indicated the show will not display the degree of mature content featured in Game of Thrones, saying that it should be appropriate for children as young as 11.
=== Crew ===
For personnel involved, see also the Cast & Crew category.
Amazon hired writers J.D. Payne and Patrick McKay to develop the series in July."Meet our Fellowship" Video at The Lord of the Rings on Prime Facebook page, 7/28/19 Bryan Cogman joined the series as a consultant in May 2019 after signing an overall deal with Amazon. Cogman previously served as a writer on Game of Thrones, and was set to work alongside Payne and McKay in developing the new series. 
In July, J.A. Bayona was hired to direct the first two episodes of the series and serve as executive producer alongside his producing partner Belén Atienza.Andreeva, Nellie (July 3, 2019) ‘The Lord Of The Rings’: J.A. Bayona To Direct Amazon Series. Deadline. Retrieved on 7/3/19 Bayona later said that he was attracted by the quality of the scripts and that there remains a "kinship to the films done by Peter Jackson."Begoña Donat, “Todos los monstruos de Juan Antonio Bayona“, The Objective, 19 October 2021@alexandreguia42, “I was in the Bayona masterclass during the Festival Lumière in 2021.” Twitter (30 January 2022)
Later that month, Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss were in discussions with several outlets regarding signing an overall deal, including with Amazon who were interested in having the pair consult on The Lord of the Rings;Nellie Andreeva, "David Benioff & D.B. Weiss May Have Narrowed Down Field For Blockbuster Overall Deal" Deadline (25 July 2019) they ultimately signed a deal with Netflix instead.Mike Fleming Junior, "Netflix Wins Overall Film, TV Deal For 'Game of Thrones' Creators David Benioff & D.B. Weiss" Deadline (7 August 2019)
At the end of July, Amazon announced that Payne and McKay would serve as showrunners and executive producers for the series, and revealed the full creative team that was working on the project: executive producers Bayona, Atienza, Bruce Richmond, Gene Kelly, Lindsey Weber, and Sharon Tal Yguado; co-producer Ron Ames; costume designer Kate Hawley; production designer Rick Heinrichs; visual effects supervisor Jason Smith; illustrator/concept artist John Howe, who was one of the chief conceptual designers on the films, and Tolkien expert (and Oxford Emeritus) Thomas Shippey as consultant. 
By April 15, 2020, it was confirmed that Tom Shippey left the project. Its unclear whether he was only required in the development phase, of whether his departure had other causes.Justin Sewell, Tom Shippey is out at Amazon, TheOneRing.net, 15 April 2020. On December 7 of the same year, it was confirmed Bryan Cogman had completed his obligation to the series after contributing to the first season's scripts.Lesley Goldberg, Bryan Cogman Moves Overall Deal to eOne, Hollywood Reporter, 7 December 2020. Production designer Rick Heinrichs was replaced by Ramsey Avery.The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, Amazon Studios. Kelly also left the series, with Callum Greene joining as a new executive producer. Greene previously served as producer on (2013).
Following Bayona's departure from New Zealand, Wayne Che YipFellowship of the Fans, "EXCLUSIVE Uncofirmed RUMOUR - New Amazon LOTR Show Director Revealed!" YouTube (13 March 2021) began directing episodes 3 through to 6 of the season, as well as serving as executive producer.Matt Grobar, "Wayne Che Yip Boards 'The Lord of the Rings' TV series as Director and Co-Executive Producer; Will Helm Four Episodes of Amazon Original", Deadline (24 March 2021) On May 13, Charlotte Brändström was announced as the third and final director of the show's first season after widespread speculation that this was the case.Fellowship of the Fans, "EXCLUSIVE: Amazon LOTR Show Filming and DIRECTOR Update!", YouTube (21 February 2021)Tom Grater, 'The Witcher' Director Charlotte Brandstrom Joins Amazon's 'The Lord of the Rings' Series, Deadline, 13 May 2021.
==== Peter Jackson's involvement ====
At the time of the signing of the deal, Amazon had not contacted Peter Jackson or any of his collaborators,Mike Fleming Jr., After Amazon's Huge Investment in Tolkien's Middle Earth, Shouldn't Peter Jackson Be On Jeff Bezos' Call Sheet?, Deadline, 13 November 2017. but as early as March 2018 they and Jackson (who had previously spoke of having developed a sense of "mental ownership" over "the Middle-earth that's been put on the screen")An Unexpected Journey: Making of Documentary had established contact via his attorney Peter Nelson, with a view for him to act in an advisory position during development and production, possibly as executive producer.PTI, Peter Jackson to reportedly join Amazon's billion dollar Lord of the Rings TV series as executive producer, First Post, 9 April 2018. Although he initially said he was not involved, Gilyadov, Alex (June 6, 2018). PETER JACKSON CONFIRMS HE'S NOT INVOLVED IN AMAZON'S LORD OF THE RINGS SERIES. IGN. Retrieved on 2018-06-08 Jackson was impressed with Amazon's "very good intentions"Randall Colburn, "Peter Jackson 'putting the creative team together for Amazon's Lord of the Rings TV series", Consequence of Sound (6 June 2018) and understood that Amazon will "try to have a series and a world where it sort of fits with the films; they want to keep the designs" of his films. He wanted to get involved in the scripts,Nerd of the Rings, Ian Nathan, author "Anything You Can Imagine: Peter Jackson and the the Making of Middle Earth", YouTube, 23 March 2021. and word among potential writers for the show was that he was about "to bring the whole project under his dominion." However, he was too busy with Mortal Engines and They Shall Not Grow Old,Mike Ryan, "Peter Jackson on 'Mortal Engines', His New WWI Documentary, And His Future with 'Lord of the Rings', Hitfix (12 December 2018) and hesitated to get involved in a long series, particularly where a third party like the Tolkien Estate had veto right. Amazon and Jackson were still "in the middle of" discussions by mid-June, with Jackson ultimately opting to "help put the creative team together" and possibly advise with regards to the designs and the finished scripts, having "not seen anything" at that point."Peter Jackson Discusses 'Mortal Engines', Gives Updates on Tintin 2 and Lord of the Rings Series", The Playlist Podcast Network (December 2018)
Jackson and co-writer/co-producer Philippa Boyens had expressed excitement, agreeing that "fresh eyes on that story is such a good thing."Mel Evans, Peter Jackson is actually keen to help Amazon team in Lord of the Rings reboot - if they send him scripts, Metro, 4 December 2018 Indeed, Boyens having already said in 2014 that further stories in the franchise "will be for another generation of filmmakers", had said (along with Fran Walsh) that Amazon should "go with all our goodwill",Bill Bradley, The Truth about Nic Cage, David Bowie and the Casting Of 'Lord of the Rings', Huff Post, 10 October 2018. and eventually took a consultant position on New Line's concurrent The War of the Rohirrim, which Jackson and Walsh had also given their blessing to,Cassie Carpenter, The Lord of the Rings tale to continue with anime prequel The War of the Rohirrim about Helm's Deep, Daily Mail, 10 June 2021. while they themselves work on the Ultra High-Definition Collector's Edition of their existing films in the franchise, which "completes" their direct involvement with the franchise.Matt Patches, Peter Jackson explains the changes he made for Lord of the Rings' 4K edition, Polygon, 6 December 2020. Joining Walsh, Boyens and Jackson in wishing success for Amazon's project were cast-members Sir Ian McKellen,Daniel Kucher, Is Gandalf Coming Back with The Lord of the Rings Series, SoMag, 20 March 2020. Andy Serkis,Blair Marnell, Andy Serkis doesn't expect to be in Amazon's Lord of the Rings series, Sy-Fy Wire, 17 May 2018. Viggo Mortensen,Zack Sharf, Viggo Mortensen: 'Lord of the Rings' TV Series Is 'Worth Watching' Because of JA Bayona, IndieWire, 2 February 2020. Orlando Bloom, Sean Astin,Benjamin Bullard, Former Hobbit Sean Astin predicted Lord of the Rings reboot timing, fully expects 'amazing' Amazon series, Sy-Fy Wire, 6 July 2021. Elijah Wood,Eric Kohn, Elijah Wood on Amazon's $1 Billion 'Lord of the Rings' Investment: 'That's Crazy to Me', IndieWire, 25 April 2019. John Rhys-DaviesGeorge Simpson, The Lord of the Rings Gimli star opens up on Amazon TV show slam - 'I shot from the hip', Express UK, 1 November 2019. and executives Mark OrdeskyNerd of the Rings, Mark Ordesky, Executive Producer - The Lord of the Rings Trilogy , YouTube, 15 May 2021. and Robert Shaye.Mike Fleming Junior, The Lord of the Rings trilogy: A Look Back At A Breathtaking Gamble 20 Years Later, Deadline, 7 July 2021. Actress Morfydd Clark said that affirmation was significant to the cast and crew, and added that "[the challenge of taking part in an original film] is exactly the same [in] stepping into a world that’s already been created and already been masterfully done.”The Playlist Podcast Network, Morfydd Clark Talks A24’s ‘Saint Maud,’ Recapturing The Peter Jackson Magic In The ‘Lord Of The Rings’ TV Series & More, Anchor, 28 January 2022 In a Twitter event, Vanity Fair writers - having seen the first three episodes - said it "feels of-a-piece" with the films,Chen Geller, Peter Jackson and the issue of continuity: Amazon’s The Rings of Power in context, Fellowship of the Fans, 29 January 2022. the showrunners being determined to make a show that won't "clash" with the films.
In an interview, Peter Jackson had said that Amazon promised he would receive scripts to look at, and never talked to him again.Peter Jackson Says Amazon’s ‘Lord of the Rings’ TV Series Ghosted Him
=== Filming ===
Filming had begun by March 2020 and was expected to continue through May, with a four- or five-month production break then planned. During the break, the footage for the first two episodes would be reviewed and writing on the second season would begin. Production on the series was scheduled to resume in mid-October and continue until late June 2021. Amazon carried out shooting digitally with large-format Arri cameras,https://twitter.com/CBrandstrom/status/1392978173831225344 predominantly Arri Alexa LF Mini, and finished in 4K and cropped to a cinematic aspect ratio of 2.40:1.
Production was halted prematurely due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with filming resuming in late September.Neelie Andveera, Amazon’s ‘The Lord Of The Rings’ Resumes Production In New Zealand, Netflix’s ‘Cowboy Bebop’ Next, Deadline Hollywood, 28 September 2020. While much of the opening two-episodes was reportedly already shot, reshoots were held under Bayona until December,Fellowship of the Fans, "BREAKING: Amazon LOTR TV Series Pilot Director J.A. Bayona Leaves New Zealand!" YouTube (2 December 2020) and resuming shortly thereafter for the rest of the first season. Location shooting took place around Auckland in February 2020, and resumed on October,Fellowship of the Fans, "Is The Amazon LOTR Cast/Crew and J.A. Bayona Filming On-Location At Muriway Colony? Numenor???" YouTube (24 October 2020) and in February 2021 in Manapouri. Contrary to reports that the show had halted filming due to new COVID cases in Auckland, it had in fact continued shooting outside the Auckland area.Ataahua, "An Update on Filming:" TheOneRing (1 March 2021)
Shooting took place in Kumeu and Auckland film studios, including a snowy mountainside set for the Forodwaith sequence,Fellowship of the Fans, "EXCLUSIVE: Photos and Videos of the Set of The LOTR TV Series" YouTube (16 October 2020) a forest-set city set standing for the southland city of Tirharad,Fellowship of the Fans, "EXCLUSIVE: Photos of Amazon LOTR Set and MASSIVE Village/Town Set Piece" YouTube (6 March 2021) several wet-setsHeroOfRodden, "Amazon's Lord of the Rings enters production in New Zealand" Rednian Intelligence (8 February 2020) and, reportedly, Khazad-dûm filling-up the biggest soundstage. Leaked set pictures had since revealed set construction taking place,@FellowshipFans, "What’s on the other side of this #LOTRonPrime set?", Twitter (18 January 2022) and several houses on a Númenórean set, including one set opposite the stairway of which a shot had leaked earlier,https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/878674263060676609/889431835946414080/image0.png?width=457&height=603 as well as a piece of Dwarven armor and a mithril-ore decked chamber in Khazad-dûm.TheOneRing.net, Beatles Get Back to LOTR!, YouTube (1 December 2022)
Walker said at the end of June that he was not sure how much longer the cast would be required to stay in New Zealand, saying the timeline for the production was "a bit nebulous" and Amazon would "let us go when they're done with us".Rafael Motomayor, "Benjamin Walker on How He Joined the 'Lord of the Rings' TV Show & Why a Bigger Budget Is Important". Collider (29 June 2021) In early July, several stunt performers alleged that a senior stunt supervisor for the production had created an "uneasy environment" that contributed to an unsafe workplace, with at least three stunt performers being seriously injured on the set. This included stuntwoman Dayna Grant, who suffered a head injury on set in March and was diagnosed with a brain aneurysm and upper spinal injury; fans crowdfunded NZ$100,000 to help Grant pay for surgery. The production's head of safety, Willy Heatley, said the injury rate was 0.065 percent across the 16,200 days of stunt work on the series since filming began, and this was mostly due to "common stunt-related sprains, bruises and muscle and soft tissue strains". Amazon Studios said safety was a top priority for the company and they were following all of WorkSafe's regulations.Tom Dillane, "Stunt workers' fury over Lord of the Rings injuries" New Zealand Herald (3 July 2021)
Amazon will premiere the series on September 2, 2022.Werthead, "Potential WHEEL OF TIME airdaes may point the way to a LOTR releas window", Reddithttps://www.reddit.com/r/LOTR_on_Prime/comments/nfrw62/potential_wheel_of_time_airdates_may_point_the/Season One Memorandum of Understanding for the 5% Uplift in relation to the production of an Untitled Amazon Project, New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, 2020 Filming on Season One had wrapped in 3 August, 2021, after earlier reports that it would wrap in late July, including pickups.https://mobile.twitter.com/FansFellowship/status/1396149966754783237Fellowship of the Fans, "EXCLUSIVE: MASSIVE Filming Update for The Lord of the Rings on Prime", YouTube, 5 April 2021. It is also said that Amazon is satisfied with the existing footage to the point of having greenlit Season 3, which will begin writing promptly,https://twitter.com/multiversogeek_/status/1380164341538955266 with pre-production starting in "early 2022."
After pickup shooting, the production spanned intermittently over 20 months (with some of the cast, like Morfydd Clark, staying in N.Z. throughout) and the shoot itself lasting 13 months. Amazon is reportedly spending as high as $650 million NZD for season one alone,"Government to give Amazon over $100m boost for Lord of the Rings filming", RNZ, 16 April 2021.James Hibberd, "Amazon's 'The Lord of the Rings' to cost $465 million for just one season", Hollywood Reporter (16 April 2021). although some of this sum will be used for "building the infrastructure of what will sustain the whole series"Lacey Rose, "Just Go In and Do Your Thing": Hollywood's Most Powerful Women Talk Megadeals, Bullying and Perseverence at THR Executive Roundtable, Hollywood Reporter, 12 May 2021. and may have included some of the $250 million spent on the rights.Subscribercast, The Amazon-New Zealand-Lord of the Rings Deal, Spy Culture. The first $100 million NZD spent on the production are not subsidized by New Zealand. 
=== Post-production ===
Amazon had contacted both WETA Digital (since rebranded WetaFX) and ILM for work on at least some of the VFX required for the show,Tom Hunt, "Avatar movies on-track after WETA Digital's work-from-home effort", Stuff.NZ (14 May 2020) and at least some post-production work took place in NZ-based facilities, which Amazon had proposed to establish themselves on New Zealand soil. WetaFX employees on the show include Ken McGaugh as VFX supervisor, Paul Story as animation supervisor and Andy Taylor as VFX producer.THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE RINGS OF POWER, Weta Digital. WETA Workshop is creating "Concept Design, Prosthetic Make-up Effects and Weapons""The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power - Company Credits", IMDb. and several of its employees are also credited as working on the show,The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, IMDb. and the company is said to be "expected to cash in on the production."
Film composer Howard Shore expressed interest in working on the show.@DougAdamsMusic, I can’t promise that #HowardShore will be involved with Amazon’s #LordOfTheRings project—but I can promise that I’ll tell him he should be! Twitter, 14 November 2017.
Nicole Campos, Exclusive: Our Interview With ‘Lord of the Rings’ Composer Howard Shore! The Daily Crate, 27 February 2019. While he was not contacted during production,Tom Power, "Howard Shore on 'Pieces of a Woman' and whether he'd return to LOTR (if asked)" The Observer (26 January 2021) an agreement was reached during post-production to write the main theme for the series. Bear McCreary serves as the primary composer for the show's soundtrack. It is said Amazon upholds no restrictions on episode length,u/Fellowshipoffans, WOT Showrunner reveals Amazon Episode Lengths "doesn't have to hit an exact time", Reddit, 20 May 2021. which average just under 70 minutes.
Amazon is said to be shooting behind-the-scenes material, to be released as featurettes appended to the individual episodes and/or the season finale. During post-production, Amazon submitted six 60-90 second videos about shooting in New Zealand for the country's authorities to use for promoting tourism.
=== Marketing ===
==== Title reveal ====
Amazon released a teaser announcing the title of the show in January 19, 2022. The teaser was shot in six daysKelsey Sutton, Mood Board: Why Prime Video headed to the forge for its Lord of the Rings series first look, Marketing Brew, 9 February 2022. in late 2021, after filming had concluded, by using macro-photography (achieved with the advise of Douglas Trumbull) of metallurgy to show the title being forged, while also possibly alluding to the Downfall of Númenor via the rushing water. The lettering is silver, perhaps alluding to the creation of the Doors of Durin, and the music hints at Howard Shore's Ring theme.Amelia Emberwing, This Is How They Made the Lord of the Rings Title Sequence, IGN (19 January 2022)
Shortly prior to this, Amazon put the show up on their Prime Video service. A press release appended to the teaser revealed the show will cover all the main events of the Second Age, necessitating a title that will befit all those events.
==== First-look posters ====
On February 3, 2022, a total of 23 posters were released via official social media accounts, corresponding with the "22 stars" of the show, reported by Vanity Fair. In order "To fuel fan speculation and discussion", said Amazon, "faces are not shown, and neither character names nor corresponding actors will be revealed,"Rebecca Alter, How Amazon Prime Wants Us to Cover The Rings of Power, Vulture, 4 February 2022. although they had revealed that the hands belong to "cast members Cynthia Addai-Robinson, Robert Aramayo, Owain Arthur, Maxim Baldry, Nazanin Boniadi, Morfydd Clark, Ismael Cruz Córdova, Charles Edwards, Trystan Gravelle, Sir Lenny Henry, Ema Horvath, Markella Kavenagh, Joseph Mawle, Tyroe Muhafidin, Sophia Nomvete, Lloyd Owen, Megan Richards, Dylan Smith, Charlie Vickers, Leon Wadham, Benjamin Walker, Daniel Weyman, and Sara Zwangobani."Jordan Moreau, ‘Lord of the Rings’ Series Unveils Posters of Characters’ Hands, Variety, 4 February 2022. Many of these were thereafter identified by fans (see "Gallery") based on Amazon's descriptive text,https://twitter.com/LOTRonPrime identifying features on hands, and visual motifs on the costumes and props. Fellowship of the Fans, EXCLUSIVE: Major Reveals- OFFICIAL Poster Character Confirmations! Celebrimbor + Asteroid Reveals!, YouTube, 4 February 2022.
==== Trailers ====
Amazon released a one-minute teaser (see Gallery) during the 2022 Super Bowl, which showcased the city of Armenelos, a clearing in Lindon with Elves in armor before Gil-galad, and footage of Galadriel on her quest to Forodwaith (where a Snow-troll is encountered by Kip Chapman's character) and on her sea voyage with Halbrand. Also featured were Daniel Weyman as "The Stranger", being rescued by Markella Kavenagh's Elanor Brandyfoot from the site of a meteor crash.
A second teaser was released on July 8, with the first full-length trailer appearing on July 14.
== Reception ==
The first season of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power received positive reviews from critics, but received mixed reviews from audiences. It was criticized for its deviation from the source material, but praised for its cinematography. 
== References ==
== External links ==
*Official Amazon Prime Video page
**Official Amazon MGM Studios page
**The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power
* Official X account
*Official Facebook page
*Official Instagram account
===Other resources===
*The Rings of Power Wiki (Fandom)
*Art Directors Guild - THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE RINGS OF POWER WRITING IT ALL DOWN By Daniel Reeve, Calligrapher & Cartographer 
**COP Communications - Middle-earth Weapons For A New Age 
*Art Directors Guild - MIDDLE-EARTH WEAPONS FOR A NEW AGE FORMING DEADLY CHARACTERS By Joe Dunckley, Weapons Master
**COP Communications - Expanding Tolkien's World 
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