Essaily

Turechalia (TUR-EKH-A-LI-A or TUR-EK-A-LI-A), also known as Lygossia (LEEH-GOSS-YA or LUH-GOSS-YA) (in Turkish, Likos, in Greek, λύκος, tr. Lúkos, in Lygossian, Lugos) is an independent sovereign state located in Southern Europe and Western Asia. It has a population of approximately 100 million people with the population of percentages 13% ethnic Greek-claimed, 75% ethnic Turk-claimed, 10% ethnic Arab-Berber and 2% other ethnicities or non-aligned. It's on an area of 1,206,528 km sq making it with the density of 83 people per km sq making it the 129th most crowded country with the similar number of density with Romania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. It has GDP (PPP) of 1,2 trillion $ in total and approximately 12,000 $ per capita. After the Turkish Civil War in 1972, west-supported fastly grew up in the industry and became one of the biggest industrial centres in the world. 
Its capital city is Istanbul, and its official languages are Turkish and Greek which are used by the huge amounts of people due to the ethnic diversity between western and eastern , but some minority languages and dialects have a significant number of speakers in , eg. Pontic Greek (in Turkish, it is specified as Rumca -the language of Romans-) especially in Istanbul, Kurdish as spread into the eastern and Bulgarian, especially in Northwestern Thrace. 
n mainland shares borders with Bulgaria to the north, Turkey to the east and Albania and Macedonia to the northwest. 
== Religion ==
* has the third lowest Muslim population percentage in the Middle East, after Israel and Cyprus.
* has the largest Deist population in the world.
* has the largest Orthodox population and the second largest Orthodox population percentage in the Middle East.
* has the largest irreligious population and percentage in the Middle East.
* has the largest Atheist population and percentage in the Middle East.
* became the new Caliph of the Islamic World, with the re-invasion of Salamid Caliphate (now Lygossian Tlemcen) by the International Cooperation Union.
== Name ==
=== Etymology ===
As written in the 3rd article of the constitution of Lygossia, the name of Lygossia comes from "lygos" meaning wolf in Greek. There is also an idea that it comes from Istanbul's old name, Lygos but that is totally wrong.
=== Lygossia in other languages ===
Please add yours in alphabetical order.
* Albanian: Lkossian
* German: Lukossien
* French: Lygossie
* Russian: Лукосия (Lukosija)
=== Lygossia in ONs' languages ===
* Karanese: Lygošia
* Sorian: Lgossèa
== History ==
Main article: History of TurechaliaSee also: and 
=== Prehistory of Anatolia and Thrace ===
The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern and Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world. Various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo-European languages radiated. The European part of , called Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 BC. 
Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest known man-made religious structure, a temple dating to circa 10,000 BC, while Çatalhöyük is a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date and in July 2012 was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age.
 The earliest recorded inhabitants of Anatolia were the Hattians and Hurrians, non-Indo-European peoples who inhabited central and eastern Anatolia, respectively, as early as ca. 2300 BC. Indo-European Hittites came to Anatolia and gradually absorbed the Hattians and Hurrians ca. 2000–1700 BC. The first major empire in the area was founded by the Hittites, from the 18th through the 13th century BC. The Assyrians conquered and settled parts of southeastern Anatolia as early as 1950 BC until the year 612 BC. Urartu re-emerged in Assyrian inscriptions in the 9th century BC as a powerful northern rival of Assyria. Following the collapse of the Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, achieved ascendancy in Anatolia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC. Starting from 714 BC, Urartu shared the same fate and dissolved in 590 BC, when it was conquered by the Medes. The most powerful of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia which will have too many influences in the current n culture. 
=== Antiquity ===
Starting around 1200 BC, the coast of Anatolia was heavily settled by Aeolian and Ionian Greeks. Numerous important cities were founded by these colonists, such as Miletus, Ephesus, Smyrna (now İzmir) and Byzantium (now Istanbul), the latter founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC. The first state that was called Armenia by neighbouring peoples was the state of the Armenian Orontid dynasty, which included parts of eastern Anatolia beginning in the 6th century BC. In Northwestern , the most significant tribal group in Thrace was the Odyrisians, founded by Teres I.
Most of the modern-day and all of Turkey was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire during the 6th century BC. The Greco-Persian Wars started when the Greek city-states on the coast of Anatolia rebelled against Persian rule in 499 BC. The territory of Anatolian later fell to Alexander the Great in 334 BC, which led to increasing cultural homogeneity and Hellenization in the area.
Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, Anatolia was subsequently divided into a number of small Hellenistic kingdoms, all of which became part of the Roman Republic by the mid-1st century BC. The process of Hellenization that began with Alexander's conquest accelerated under Roman rule, and by the early centuries of the Christian Era, the local Anatolian languages and cultures had become extinct, being largely replaced by ancient Greek language and culture. From the 1st century BC up to the 3rd century CE, large parts of modern-day Anatolia were contested between the Romans and neighbouring Parthians through the frequent Roman-Parthian Wars.
=== Early Christian and Byzantine period ===
According to Acts of Apostles 11, a region in the south of Turkey and , Antioch (now Antakya as fully in Turkey) is the birthplace of the first Christian community. 
In 324, Constantine I chose Byzantium to be the new capital of the Roman Empire, renaming it New Rome. Following the death of Theodosius I in 395 and the permanent division of the Roman Empire between his two sons, the city, which would popularly come to be known as Constantinople, became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. This empire, which would later be branded by historians as the Byzantine Empire, ruled most of the territory of present-day until the Late Middle Ages; although the eastern regions remained in firm Sasanian hands up to the first half of the seventh century. The frequent Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, as part of the centuries long-lasting Roman-Persian Wars, fought between the neighbouring rivalling Byzantines and Sasanians, took place in various parts of present-day Turkey and decided much of the latter's history from the fourth century up to the first half of the seventh century.
Several cities in , such as Istanbul (Constantinople), Nicaea, and Ephesus were the hosts of ecumenical gatherings in early Christianity.
=== Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire ===
The House of Seljuk was a branch of the Kınık Oğuz Turks who resided on the periphery of the Muslim world, in the Yabgu Khaganate of the Oğuz confederacy, to the north of the Caspian and Aral Seas, in the 9th century. In the 10th century, the Seljuks started migrating from their ancestral homeland into Persia, which became the administrative core of the Great Seljuk Empire, after its foundation by Tughril.
In the latter half of the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks began penetrating into medieval Armenia and the eastern regions of Anatolia. In 1071, the Seljuks defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, starting the Turkification process in the area; the Turkish language and Islam were introduced to Armenia and Anatolia, gradually spreading throughout the region. The slow transition from a predominantly Christian and Greek-speaking Anatolia to a predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking one was underway. The Mevlevi Order of dervishes, which was established in Konya (today's Akşehir-Konya in Turkey and Beyşehir Province in ) during the 13th century by Sufi poet Celaleddin Rumi, played a significant role in the Islamization of the diverse people of Anatolia who had previously been Hellenized. Thus, alongside the Turkification of the territory, the culturally Persianized Seljuks set the basis for a Turko-Persian principal culture in Anatolia, which their eventual successors, the Ottomans, would take over.
In 1243, the Seljuk armies were defeated by the Mongols at the Battle of Köse Dağ, causing the Seljuk Empire's power to slowly disintegrate. In its wake, one of the Turkic principalities governed by Osman I would evolve over the next 200 years into the Ottoman Empire which was going to be considered as the predecessors of modern and Turkey. In 1453, the Ottomans completed their conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinople.In 1514, Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) successfully expanded the empire's southern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Chaldiran. In 1517, Selim I expanded Ottoman rule into Algeria and Egypt, and created a naval presence in the Red Sea. Subsequently, a contest started between the Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become the dominant sea power in the Indian Ocean, with a number of naval battles in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean was perceived as a threat to the Ottoman monopoly over the ancient trade routes between East Asia and Western Europe. Despite the increasingly prominent European presence, the Ottoman Empire's trade with the east continued to flourish until the second half of the 18th century.
The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, who personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At sea, the Ottoman Navy contended with several Holy Leagues, such as those in 1538, 1571, 1684 and 1717 (composed primarily of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice, the Knights of St. John, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Savoy), for the control of the Mediterranean Sea. In the east, the Ottomans were often at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from territorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries. The Ottoman wars with Persia continued as the Zand, Afsharid, and Qajar dynasties succeeded the Safavids in Iran, until the first half of the 19th century. From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire also fought many wars with the Russian Tsardom and Empire. These were initially about Ottoman territorial expansion and consolidation in southeastern and eastern Europe; but starting from the latter half of the 18th century, they became more about the survival of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun to lose its strategic territories on the northern Black Sea coast to the advancing Russians.From the second half of the 18th century onwards, the Ottoman Empire began to decline. The Tanzimat reforms of the 19th century, which had been instituted by Mahmud II, were aimed to modernise the Ottoman state in line with the progress that had been made in Western Europe. The efforts of Midhat Pasha during the late Tanzimat era led the Ottoman constitutional movement of 1876, which introduced the First Constitutional Era, but these efforts proved to be inadequate in most fields and failed to stop the dissolution of the empire. As the empire gradually shrank in size, military power and wealth, especially after the Ottoman economic crisis and default in 1875 which led to uprisings in the Balkan provinces that culminated into the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, many Balkan Muslims migrated to the Empire's heartland in Anatolia, along with the Circassians fleeing the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a rise in nationalist sentiment among its various subject peoples, leading to increased ethnic tensions which occasionally burst into violence, such as the Hamidian massacres of Armenians.
The Young Turk Revolution in 1908 restored the Ottoman constitution and parliament 30 years after their suspension by Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878, which is known as the Second Constitutional Era, but the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, making sultans Mehmed V and Mehmed VI largely symbolic figureheads with no real political power.
The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. Following the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the victorious Allied Powers sought to partition the Ottoman state through the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres.
=== Republic of Turkey ===
See also: TurkeyThe occupation of Istanbul and Izmir by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I prompted the establishment of the Turkish National Movement. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander who had distinguished himself during the Battle of Gallipoli, the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres.
By 18 September 1922 the Greek, Armenian and French armies were expelled, and the Ankara-based Turkish regime, which had declared itself the legitimate government of the country on 23 April 1920, started to formalise the legal transition from the old Ottoman into the new Republican political system. On 1 November 1922, the Turkish Parliament in Ankara formally abolished the Sultanate, thus ending 623 years of monarchical Ottoman rule. The Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923 led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the newly formed "Republic of Turkey" as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, and the republic was officially proclaimed on 29 October 1923 in Ankara, the country's new capital. The Lausanne Convention stipulated a population exchange between Greece and Turkey, whereby 1.1 million Greeks left Turkey for Greece in exchange for 380,000 Muslims transferred from Greece to Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President and subsequently introduced many radical reforms with the aim of transforming the old religion-based and multi-communal Ottoman state system (constitutional monarchy) into an essentially Turkish nation-state (parliamentary republic) with a secular constitution. With the Surname Law of 1934, the Turkish Parliament bestowed upon Mustafa Kemal the honorific surname "Atatürk" (Father of the Turks).İsmet İnönü became Turkey's second President following Atatürk's death on 10 November 1938. In 1939 Turkey annexed the Republic of Hatay. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II but entered the closing stages of the war on the side of the Allies on 23 February 1945. On 26 June 1945, Turkey became a charter member of the United Nations. In the same year, the single-party period in Turkey came to an end, with the first multiparty elections in 1946. The Truman Doctrine in 1947 enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece during the Cold War and resulted in large-scale U.S. military and economic support. In 1948 both countries were included in the Marshall Plan and the OEEC for rebuilding European economies. In 1949 Turkey became a member of the Council of Europe. The Democratic Party established by Celâl Bayar won the 1950, 1954 and 1957 general elections and stayed in power for a decade, with Adnan Menderes as the Prime Minister and Bayar as the President. After participating with the United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, becoming a bulwark against Soviet expansion into the Mediterranean. Turkey subsequently became a founding member of the OECD in 1961 and an associate member of the EEC in 1963.
==== Turkish Civil War ====
After the Soviet pressure into Turkey, communist groups within Turkey started to protest the government. Big protests happened in Istanbul, Ankara and Eskişehir. When the police attacked the protesters with pressured water, it triggered the communists and the protests spread quickly. In Zonguldak, in "Great Miners' Meeting", police fired at the protesters and the civil war started unofficially. 
In Ankara, protesters swooped the official buildings and in Istanbul, protesters threw Molotov cocktails.
Protests unexpectedly spread into Greece in late-1971. It also became a civil war in a short time. In 19th January 1972, Ömer Seyfullah Çayzıalin, a nationalist revolutionary from Adrianople founded the Foundation of United Aegea. He got so many members in a short time but in 8th March 1972, he was shot by a Turkish communist revolutionary, Vedat Delek in a public meeting in Bursa. His cousin, Muhammed Ederel held the foundation after 2 days and converted the foundation into a militant group. Finally, n army was founded. The newly-created army quickly organized in big cities and quickly occupied important cities like Istanbul, Zonguldak and Mugla. After 7 months, in 12th July 1972, sides of the civil war signed a treaty in Constanta, giving Western Turkey into the Ederel and n administration of Greece. After 2 months, in 20th September 2017, Kingdom of was founded as a constitutional monarchy. The first king of , Muhammed I said: "This nation can walk alone, without any authority until one. After that, it collapses. If we don't want to collapse, we have to stay together". That was explaining why he chose a constitutional monarchy for the state. 
In 1974, and Turkey fought together in the Invasion of Cyprus and establishment of the Turkish Republic of Cyprus.
In 2018, got the caliphate from the Salamid Caliphate (now Lygossian Tlemcen) as BMO and ICU authorities' decision. After the BMO Invasion of Salamid Caliphate, ICU used its former authority on the caliphate and gave it to the . In 21st May 2018, there was a referendum in which would choose that should or shouldn't remain the caliphate. With only 15 votes more (for more details, see Turechalian constitutional referendum, 2018 and Turechalian-style referendum), the people decided to remain the caliphate under the name of . On this day, the name of the kingdom officially changed into the Lygossian Caliphate (now Turechalia). In the same day, there was a referendum in Tlemcen which were going to choose that will Tlemcen stay independent or be an autonomous region within and Tlemcen people chose to be in Lygossia so the first autonomous region in Lygossia was founded as the Lygossian Tlemcen. 
One day later, Burduri militants declared independence within Korkuteli, Burdur where they were controlling for seven months and Alanya. n government didn't want to mess with them and the second autonomous region of was founded in the name of Burduri Autonomous Region of Lygossia. Burduri people were satisfied with this and didn't take the cities as hostage any longer.
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