Tutorials/Storage minecarts

This tutorial covers basic minecart systems involving Minecart with Chest and Minecart with Hopper.
== Infinite storage ==
Through the use of minecart cramming, infinite storage is possible. If you build one using the schematic on the right, don't forget to put a rail on top of the lower hopper so you can place as many hopper minecarts as you like on it to expand storage capacity. For the minecarts not to spill, it is important to place blocks to both ends of the rail. Be careful to only put items of a single type in the upper chest, you will only be able to access items flowing out of the minecarts into the lower box. As they only flow one by one, different items will only flow out after all of the "same" items are out.
This system has a basic capacity of 118 stacks plus 27 stacks per chest minecart added, so it is very useful for storing items you have plenty of, like stone, or for mob farms to store drops like bone or mob armor.
== Item loader ==
An Item loader is a system which stops a Minecart with Chest or a Minecart with Hopper to feed them with items, and when it's done it restarts the minecarts.
Design A is probably the simplest. When the hopper has at least one item, it deactivates the Powered Rail so a storage cart coming from the right will be stopped under the hopper. After feeding the cart with all the items in the hopper, the powered rail gets reactivated so the cart starts going right. A possible downside of this design is that the powered rail is always active as long as the hopper is empty so if a cart comes to the empty loader it immediately bounces off in the opposite direction. This might lead to the inefficiency of the system if there is a great distance between the loader and the unloader.
Design A' is a variant of design A to make it flat.
Earliest Known Publication: 28 March 2013InventorTester (28 March 2013). "Extremley Compact Minecart loader/unloader". Minecraft Forum.
Design B is a combination of a hopper and a falling edge detector. It activates the powered rail for 4 redstone ticks only at the moment when the hopper becomes empty, so a cart will stop there until you put some items into the hopper and all of those items are transferred to the cart.
For all the designs that are shown above, minecart with chest will be stuck at these loaders when the cart has no space to receive items from loaders.
Design C has the advantage that minecarts with chest will not get stuck as long as they are empty while entering the loader. This design has two operational modes: when the loader doesn't have a cart, a small chest that serves as a "buffer" will accumulate items from the large chest above. And when it has a cart, items in the buffer will be transferred to the cart and nothing more. It has a T Flip-Flop that switches between two modes, connected to a detector rail.
Earliest Known Publication: 5 May 2013koan911 (5 May 2013). "Detect when chest-minecart is full and launch it?". Minecraft Forum.
Design D will detect if a Minecart with Chest or Minecart with Hopper is full, before sending it back to where it came from. It will only return a full cart. The minecart is stopped by an unpowered, inclined Powered Rail with a Hopper above. The minecart will rest on both the Powered Rail and a Detector Rail with a Comparator checking if your minecart is full. This design works on the principle that a minecart can pass an activated Piston when going uphill, but cannot pass it going downhill. When the minecart is full, the Comparator is triggered, sending a signal to retract and extend the Piston just long enough to allow the full minecart to pass. Set up your rail so the minecart is not going too fast, or it will overshoot the Detector Rail and not return to your unloader.
To achieve the angled Powered Rail facing into a Solid block, first, add a temporary Rail (any rail type will work) on top of the block you want your Powered Rail to angle toward, then break that temporary rail and place a Solid block in its place.
Design E is "stable" in the sense that the Minecart with Chest will keep running between the golden blocks while loading. The Detector Rail between the golden blocks can detect how full the Minecart with Chest is. Once it's full, the "door of gold" will open. All Powered Rail shown here are powered from the side.
Design F mitigates the situation where there are too many items and the chest and hopper become full.
See Simple Automatic Minecart Loading Station - Overflow Protected
== Item unloader ==
An Item unloader is a system that stops a Minecart with Chest or a Minecart with Hopper to take items out of them, and when it's done it restarts the minecarts.
Design A is probably the simplest. As soon as the hopper receives at least one item from a cart that arrived above, it deactivates the Powered Rail so the storage cart that came from the left will be stopped on top of the hopper. After taking all the items in the cart, the powered rail gets reactivated so the cart starts going left. A possible downside of this design is that the powered rail is always active as long as the hopper is empty so if a cart approaches the unloader too fast, there is a non-negligible chance that the cart bounces off before getting braked by the deactivated powered rail. (This will also happen a lot if you use a second hopper below the one doing the unloading.)
Earliest Known Publication: 28 March 2013
Design A' is a tileable variant of design A.
Design B is a variant of design A: It has a detector rail that temporarily deactivates the powered rail to prevent carts from bouncing off.
Design C is a tileable unloader. Larger than design A, but it can hold minecarts with a closed fence gate to prevent them from bouncing off. This design requires that the minecart enters the unloader fast enough to get up onto the detector rail, otherwise it will get stuck on the unpowered powered rail. A single active powered rail two blocks before the powered rail over the hopper is enough to guarantee correct entry.
For all designs shown above, minecart with chest will be stuck at these unloaders when they have no space to receive items from carts.
=== Instant Unloader (1.19+) ===
This 1-wide tileable design unloads the minecart by breaking it, collecting it in a hopper, and re-placing it. The minecart has to be moving fast enough to beat the observer signal to the dropper, and needs to be stopped far enough right that it drops onto the mud block and then snaps onto the lower rail but still far enough left that lava cauldron breaks it and the minecart item is partially above the hopper to be collected and re-placed. All the items inside, meanwhile, are spawned in the center of the block with the rails where they may be further collected or transported (e.g. by waterlogging the rails and letting the water stream move them out). The slab above prevents the items from bouncing up unexpectedly. The dispenser re-places the cart on the slope where it rolls back out onto the tracks.
Any of the normal rails may be replaced with more powered rails. To tile it you may want to do so for easier placement, as normal rails would tend to connect into curves. Make sure the lower rail faces into the cauldron rather than running sideways next to it.
The cart may be paused to reduce noise and lag by powering the note block. It will be held in the dropper until the node block is depowered.
== References ==
de::technik:Güter-Belader
zh:教程/矿车储存