Luxembourg Airport

Luxembourg Airport (IATA: LUX, ICAO: ELLX) is the main airport in Luxembourg. Previously called Luxembourg Findel Airport due to its location at Findel, it is Luxembourg's only international airport and is the only airport in the country with a paved runway. It is located 3.25 NM (6.02 km; 3.74 mi) east of Luxembourg City. In 2019, it handled 4.4 million passengers. It is a major cargo airport, ranking as Europe's fifth-busiest by cargo tonnage and the world's 28th-busiest in 2010. Luxair, Luxembourg's international airline, and cargo airline Cargolux have their head offices on the airport property.
== History ==
=== Early years ===
The airport was originally known as "Sandweiler Airport", and was opened in the 1930s as a small grass airfield with a relatively short, 3,400 ft (1,000 m) runway.[citation needed]
=== World War II ===
Neutral Luxembourg was invaded by Germany on 10 May 1940, and on 21 May the Luftwaffe assigned Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53), a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter unit, to the airport. JG 53 was engaged in combat against the French and British Expeditionary Force in France during the Battle of France in May and June. In addition, Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) operated Bf 109s from Sandweiler during the Blitzkrieg. JG 52 moved into France on 29 May but JG 53 remained in Luxembourg until 18 August when it moved closer to the English Channel to take part in the Battle of Britain.
Sandweiler Airport then remained unused by the Luftwaffe until September 1944, when Aufklärungsgruppe 123 (AKG 123), a reconnaissance unit which flew the Henschel Hs 126, a two-seat reconnaissance and observation aircraft, was assigned to the airport. AKG 123 moved east into Germany after only a few days when the United States Army moved through Luxembourg and cleared the country of the occupying German forces.
=== Allied use ===
United States Army combat engineers arrived at Sandweiler in mid September 1944 and performed some minor reconstruction to prepare the airfield for Ninth Air Force combat aircraft. The airfield was designated as Advanced Landing Ground "A-97" Sandweiler and was opened on 18 September 1944. The Ninth Air Force 363d Tactical Reconnaissance Group operated a variety of photo-reconnaissance aircraft until 29 October 1944 when they also moved east into Germany.
Sandweiler Airport was used by the Americans for the rest of the war as a transport supply airfield and also to evacuate combat casualties to the UK. It was returned to Luxembourgish control on 15 August 1945.
=== Present ===
During the late 1960s and 1970s, Icelandair used Findel Airport as their European hub, connecting cities in North America with Europe at Luxembourg.[citation needed] In March 1999, Luxair launched direct flights to Newark using a Boeing 767. The service lasted seven months. In 2002, TAROM routed its flight from Bucharest to New York through Luxembourg in an attempt to increase the number of passengers.
Luxembourg Airport has constructed a high-security zone far away from most airport activities in order to attract the business of transporting valuable goods such as art and jewels. According to Hiscox, there is a "massive demand" for such a hub for precious cargo. Planes taxi away from main airport facilities before loading.
In 2015, the airline with the largest share of the airport's total passenger volume was still Luxair with 1.69 million passengers at a 63% share. Luxembourg Airport was closed to all passenger traffic for a week from 23 March to 29 March 2020 as a public health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2023, China Southern Airlines began service to Zhengzhou.
== Terminals ==
=== Terminal A ===
Built in 1975, the building was the only terminal of the airport for 30 years, until terminal B opened in 2004. The terminal was getting overcrowded especially during the summer period, and only contained four shops, a post office and a restaurant. The terminal started to be demolished at the end of 2011 and was complete by March 2012; this was to make way for a footbridge connecting terminal B to the new terminal A. Construction of the new Terminal A started in 2005 and it was inaugurated in May 2008.
=== Terminal B ===
Terminal B opened in 2004. The building is unique as it only has gates and no check-in counters or arrivals hall. It was built for small planes with a maximum capacity of 50 people. It can handle up to 600,000 passengers a year. The Terminal reopened in the summer of 2017 after some arrangements to handle aircraft with a capacity of up to 110 passengers and a total of 1 million passengers annually.
== Airlines and destinations ==
=== Passenger ===
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Luxembourg Airport:
Airlines 	Destinations
British Airways	London–Heathrow
Luxair 	Dublin, Manchester
=== Cargo ===
Airlines 	Destinations
Cargolux 	Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Accra, Aguadilla, Almaty, Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Ashgabat, Atlanta, Bahrain, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Beirut, Bogotá, Brazzaville, Budapest, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cairo, Calgary, Campinas–Viracopos, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Cotopaxi, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Curitiba–Afonso Pena, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dammam, Doha, Dubai–International, Fortaleza, Glasgow–Prestwick, Guadalajara, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Kinshasa, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Lagos, Libreville, London–Stansted, Los Angeles, Lubumbashi, Lusaka, Maastricht/Aachen, Manaus, Mexico City, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Muscat, N'Djamena, Nagoya–Centrair, Nairobi–Kenyatta, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Oslo, Petrolina, Quito, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, San Juan, Santiago de Chile, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Sharjah, Shenzhen, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan,Tokyo–Narita,Tbilisi, Vienna, Zaragoza, Zhengzhou
China Airlines Cargo	Delhi, Dubai–International, Mumbai, Prague, Taipei–Taoyuan
Qatar Airways Cargo 	Atlanta, Bogotá, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Mexico City, São Paulo–Guarulhos
Silk Way Airlines 	Baku
== Ground transportation ==
The airport can be reached via autoroute A1 (Luxembourg City - Trier) and is also connected with the surrounding areas by public bus transport route 29 and 223, which also reaches Luxembourg railway station, and bus route 6 and 16, as well as by a cross-border coach service to nearby Trier in Germany. It is planned that a tram line will reach the airport at the beginning of 2025.
== Accidents and incidents ==
* On 22 December 1969, Vickers Viscount LX-LGC of Luxair was damaged beyond economic repair when it ran off the runway and the nose wheel collapsed.
* On 29 September 1982, Aeroflot Flight 343 ran off the runway on landing.
* On 6 November 2002, Luxair Flight 9642, Fokker 50 (registration LX-LGB) from Berlin, Germany crashed in a field near the village of Niederanven during its final approach. 20 passengers and crew were killed.
* On 21 January 2010, Cargolux Flight 7933, a Boeing 747-4R7F flying from Hong Kong to Luxembourg via Azerbaijan and Spain, collided with a van while attempting to land on runway 24. The aircraft suffered minor damage while the van sustained substantial damage with the driver only sustaining minor injuries. A subsequent investigation determined that errors from air traffic control caused both vehicles to be on a collision course.
* On April 15, 2023, a Cargolux Boeing 747-400 registered as LX-ECV, suffered damage after a hard landing during a flight from Dubai's Al Maktoum International Airport. The airplane landed hard on its left wing, then did a go-around before landing, with damage to their number 2, or left wing's inner, engine. No one was injured in the incident.
* In May 2023, another Cargolux Boeing 747 crash landed at the airport a short while after taking off; the landing gear would not retract after take off and the decision was made to land the aircraft. The main landing gear separated from the aircraft during landing.
== Claims of language discrimination ==
In 2021, it was announced that public announcements in Luxembourgish (and in German as well) at Luxembourg Airport would cease after many decades of use; it would only be using French and English for future public announcements. Actioun Lëtzebuergesch [lb] declared itself to be hugely upset by this new governmental measure, citing that other airports in the world seem to have no problems making public announcements in multiple languages; according to a poll conducted by AL, 92.84% of people in Luxembourg wished to have public announcements to be made in Luxembourgish at Luxembourg Airport.
All written signs at Luxembourg Airport are only in French and English. This non-use of Luxembourgish and German (two official languages of Luxembourg) have fueled claims of linguistic discrimination, some pointing out that other airports seem to have no difficulties using up to 4 different languages in written signs. (Palma de Mallorca Airport for example uses Catalan, English, Spanish and German, the latter not even being an official language of the country)
== References ==
# ELLX – LUXEMBOURG / Luxembourg (also PDF). Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) from AIM Belgium via skeyes.
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^  [permanent dead link]
# ^ "Legal." Luxair. Retrieved on 7 February 2011. "Luxair S.A. LuxairGroup Luxembourg Airport L-2987 Luxembourg."
# ^ "Network & Offices Luxembourg Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine." Cargolux. Retrieved on 15 May 2010. "Cargolux Head Office Luxembourg Airport L 2990 Luxembourg"
# ^ Jump up to:a b 
# ^ 
# ^ Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
# ^ Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ (in French) Le Findel ferme aux voyageurs dès lundi. L'Essentiel, 19 Mars 2020, [1]
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ https://italiavola.com/2024/06/11/easyjet-annuncia-60-nuove-rotte-per-la-prossima-stagione-10-da-e-per-litalia-6-da-napoli/
# ^ 
# ^ https://www.gpaviation.eu/
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ Jump up to:a b 
# ^ 
# ^ [dead link][full citation needed]
# ^ Jump up to:a b 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ Jump up to:a b c 
# ^ 
# ^ cargolux.com - Network & Offices retrieved 6 March 2020
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ cargo.china-airlines.com - Our Network retrieved 6 March 2020
# ^ qrcargo.com - Route Network Archived 31 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 6 March 2020
# ^ silkway-airlines.com - Our Network Archived 2020-02-21 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 6 March 2020
# ^ 
# ^ Jump up to:a b c 
# ^ lux-airport.lu - Getting to the airport retrieved 1 July 2022
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ aviation-safety.net retrieved 2 September 2020
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ 
# ^ D’Sprooche vun den automateschen Ukënnegungen um Flughafe Findel, Actioun Lëtzebuergesch, 7 September 2021
# ^ Actioun Lëtzebuergesch: D’Sprooche vun den automateschen Ukënnegungen um Flughafe Findel, Guy Kaiser, September 8, 2021