Iron Bank of Braavos

The Iron Bank of Braavos, or simply the Iron Bank, is a bank in the Free City of Braavos. It is arguably the most powerful financial institution in the known world, with clients across Essos and Westeros, including the government of the King of the Andals and the First Men who rules over the Seven Kingdoms.
Just as a common saying about House Lannister is "A Lannister always pays his debts", there is also a common saying that the bank often reminds its clients who fail to repay their loans: "the Iron Bank will have its due"."The Lion and the Rose"
The symbol of the Iron Bank depicts two golden triangles crossed in the manner of an hourglass, with two hands extending from left and right of the point where the triangles meet, their palms held upwards.
==Known members and representatives==
*Tycho Nestoris
==History==
===Background===
The Iron Bank was founded long before the Doom of Valyria, when Braavos was still a "secret city", hidden from the Valyrian Freehold. It was formed by successful traders and craftsmen. Its name comes from the abandoned iron mine in which the bank's founders placed all their funds. The mine had a single entrance, which they sealed with heavy gates and iron bars and protected by guards hired jointly by all the members. The Iron Bank has moved to new, grander quarters since that day, but the mine is still employed as a depository, as well as being a historical site of the city.GRRM on the Iron Bank of Braavos
===Game of Thrones: Season 1===
When Eddard Stark attends his first Small Council meeting in King's Landing, he is shocked to learn that the Iron Throne is an astonishing 6 million gold dragons in debt, half of it owed to the Lannisters (though at the time, the Iron Bank isn't mentioned by name)."Lord Snow"
===Game of Thrones: Season 3===
After taking over the role of Master of Coin from Petyr Baelish, Tyrion discovers (as Eddard did before him) that Baelish has been funding the Iron Throne's budget by borrowing massive amounts of money from several sources, including the Iron Bank of Braavos, to which the crown owes millions of Gold Dragons. Tyrion is concerned because the Iron Bank has a tradition of funding the enemies of rulers who fail to repay their debts."Walk of Punishment"
===Game of Thrones: Season 4===
At Joffrey's wedding, Tywin remarks to Olenna Tyrell about the expense of the festivities, even though House Tyrell is paying half the costs. Olenna wryly says that she is glad to help, but expects that the Lannisters will require their financial support again soon: wars are expensive, and even with the Starks defeated, the War of the Five Kings had added to the Iron Throne's already massive debts to foreign banks. She notes that there is a common saying, "the Iron Bank will have its due", which the bank reminds its clients almost as often as Tywin's family reminds its enemies that "a Lannister always pays his debts". Tywin tries to brush this aside by saying that he isn't afraid of the Iron Bank, but Olenna chides him that he is lying, as they both know that he's smart enough to realize he should fear running afoul of the Iron Bank of Braavos."The Lion and the Rose"
Reacting to the news of Joffrey's death at his own wedding, Stannis is still discouraged because he does not have sufficient remaining soldiers to seize on this opportunity. Davos suggests that they could attempt to hire mercenary companies from the Free Cities, but Stannis scoffs that they don't have any gold left either. Later, while reading a book about Braavos given to him by Shireen, Davos remarks to her that he has been to Braavos in his old days as a smuggler, but that he nearly lost his life at hands of First Sword of Braavos when he ran afoul of the well-guarded ships transporting a nation's worth of gold for the Iron Bank. Realization suddenly dawns on Davos, and he begins to dictate a letter to Shireen in the name of Stannis, asking for an audience with the Iron Bank."Breaker of Chains"
After Tommen's coronation, Tywin privately reveals to Cersei that wartime spending drastically increased their already significant debts to the Iron Bank, to astronomical levels. The Crown now owes the Iron Bank "a tremendous amount of money", and that the gold mines of the Westerlands actually ran dry three years ago. Therefore, even though Tywin admits the Lannisters can trust nobody except themselves, they need the Tyrells' wealth and resources on their side. Cersei suggests coming to some arrangement with one of their representatives, but Tywin dismisses the idea, since the Bank is a monolithic structure that cannot be avoided, lied to, or swayed."First of His Name"
Some time later, Stannis and Davos travel to Braavos and are received by Tycho Nestoris and two of his colleagues. When they ask the bank to fund their continuing campaign in Westeros, Nestoris points out their weak position and is ready to dismiss them. Davos speaks up, relating how he came into Stannis's service, how the latter is a just man who keeps his word, and how he is the best chance for the Iron Bank to get its money back upon the chaos that would follow the death of the elderly Tywin. After Tywin is gone (and with Tyrion arrested, soon to be either dead or disowned) the only leaders "House Lannister" will be left with are the despised Cersei, Jaime, and the boy-king Tommen - none of whom have great political or financial skill. This gives the bankers some second thoughts about how successful the Lannisters will be in the long run, and they agree to extend a new provisional loan to Stannis."The Laws of Gods and Men"
Stannis uses the money to resupply his remaining troops and re-hire Salladhor Saan's sellsail fleet to transport them from Dragonstone to the Wall, just in time to decisively intervene at the battle for the Wall."The Children"
===Game of Thrones: Season 5===
As predicted, following Tywin's death the Iron Bank starts to lose even more faith in the Lannisters and their puppet Tommen on the Iron Throne. Before long, the bank decides to pressure them by calling in a tenth of the debts that the Iron Throne owes it. Newly appointed Master of Coin Mace Tyrell observes that the Iron Throne physically only possesses about half that much money (or, about one twentieth of the total, huge amount they owe the bank). Lord Mace offers that House Tyrell could front the money for the moment to keep the bank from escalating matters further, but Cersei declines his offer - secretly abhorred at the idea of borrowing money from the Tyrells to pay off the Iron Bank, which she views as trading one problem for another (in fact a worse problem, as she now views the Tyrells as an enemy closer to home than the Iron Bank). Instead, she decides to send Lord Tyrell himself to Braavos to negotiate a new deal with the Iron Bank, hoping that sending such a high official to treat with them in person will placate them."Sons of the Harpy"
Lord Tyrell arrives in Braavos, escorted by Meryn Trant of the Kingsguard, to open negotiations with Tycho Nestoris."The Dance of Dragons"
Unfortunately, Stannis, whom the Iron Bank decided to secretly support after being convinced by Davos, is killed after his failed assault on Winterfell, meaning that the Iron Bank lost their investment that they made with him."Mother's Mercy"
===Game of Thrones: Season 7===
Following the assault on Daenerys's fleet in the Narrow Sea, the Iron Bank sends Tycho Nestoris to settle the Iron Throne's debts. The Iron Bank intends to support the strongest faction in the Last War. Nestoris travels to King's Landing and meets with Cersei. Cersei convinces Nestoris that the Iron Throne will pay its debts unlike Daenerys's faction. She promises to settle the Iron Throne's debts within a fortnight. This pleases Nestoris, who describes Cersei as her father's daughter."The Queen's Justice"
After the Sack of Highgarden, the gold needed to pay back the Iron Bank is sent by Jaime from Highgarden to King's Landing. Pleased with Cersei's progress, Tycho promises that Cersei may take out a new loan when the previous one has been paid with the Tyrell gold. Cersei reveals that she intends to hire the Golden Company; Tycho approves, commenting that it helped the bank to collect significant overdue loans."The Spoils of War"
==In the books==
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, the Iron Bank of Braavos is the most powerful banking institution in the known world, richer and more powerful than the banks of all the other eight Free Cities combined, and with a fearsome reputation when collecting debts. When princes or kings default on their debts or are foolish enough not to honor their agreements with the Iron Bank, new princes and kings appear with the Iron Bank's support. These new princes and kings then honor the previous debt along with paying back the money the bank loaned them in claiming their new power, lest they suffer the same fate as their predecessors. "The Iron Bank will have its due" is a common saying among Braavosi, almost as common as the saying "A Lannister always pays his debts" is in Westeros.
At the beginning of the novels, Littlefinger informs Ned Stark that the Iron Throne is an astonishing six million Gold Dragons in debt, most of it to House Lannister, and to other creditors: the Iron Bank, House Tyrell, the Faith and several trading cartels from Tyrosh (A Game of Thrones, Eddard IV). In the TV series, Ned discovered this in Season 1 episode "Lord Snow", and was also informed that half of this debt was to House Lannister. The episode's dialogue did not, however, break down who the remaining debt was owed to. In the books, it is explained that the Crown owes about two million Gold Dragons to the Iron Bank, the Tyrells, and several Tyroshi trading cartels (together), and nearly another million to the leadership of the Faith of the Seven (A Feast for Crows, Cersei VI). As Bronn points out in Season 3's episode "Walk of Punishment", King Robert can't pay Tywin back now that he's dead, and with Tywin's own grandson Joffrey as a puppet-king, the Lannisters can't pay themselves back the three million they lent to the crown. While the Lannisters were victorious after the Red Wedding, the massive costs of fighting such a large-scale war only added to their already substantial debts.
Cersei's mishandling of the debt crisis becomes even worse in the fourth novel: things reach a point where she flippantly dismisses Noho Dimittis, the Iron Bank's representative (after he has been already rejected by Lord Gyles Rosby six times), tactlessly declaring that the crown will delay paying them back for the indefinite duration of the ongoing rebellions (with the North still in chaos with Stannis's new campaign, the rebellious Iron Islands totally unsubdued). Pycelle objects, claiming that this will cause more trouble than Cersei knows, but his protests fall on deaf ears. This is a shocking insult, given that Cersei is in no position to give orders to a foreign bank the Lannisters are heavily in debt to, and it backfires spectacularly. This is the last straw for the Iron Bank, making them realize that Cersei will never regain firm enough control over the Seven Kingdoms to pay them back, causing them to officially switch their support from the Lannisters to Stannis. First, the bank demands immediate repayment of all loans owed by its Westerosi debtors while refusing to extend credit or new loans, crippling the already severely damaged economy of the realm. Second, the Iron Bank agrees to extend massive new loans to Stannis, enough to hire a new sellsword army of over twenty thousand men - a potentially huge boost to Stannis's cause given that he only had under 5,000 soldiers left by that point (though it is uncertain that Stannis has enough time to bring those reinforcements before the battle in the ice begins).
Soon, merchants appear before Cersei to beg the Crown to intercede for them with the Iron Bank. Cersei, foolishly, is not much concerned; she toys with the idea of opening a new bank - "the Golden Bank of Lannisport". In the meantime, she tells the merchants to pay the Braavosi usurers their due.
After Cersei's downfall, Kevan takes steps to amend the damages she caused. One of his main concerns is to resolve the dispute with the Iron Bank: he orders Ser Harys Swyft to contact Myrish and Pentoshi bankers in attempt to acquire the money they need to pay the Iron Bank, and if that fails, he would have to to pay the crown’s debts with Lannister gold. Kevan dismisses the idea of imposing new taxes, knowing well it will incite mutiny. In the sixth novel, Ser Harys (in the show he is replaced with Mace Tyrell) travels to Braavos to treat with the Iron Bank, but apparently it is too late.
Tycho Nestoris is sent to the Wall to negotiate with Stannis, instead of Stannis going to Braavos to negotiate with him as in the show, and it only happens after the Bank's relationship with the Crown turns sour. Tycho also meets with Jon Snow and they discuss financial matters for the Night's Watch. Once Jon learns that there is a traitor in Stannis's host - Arnolf Karstark, Rickard's uncle and the castellan of Karhold - he sends Tycho to the village where Stannis and his soldiers currently camp. The meeting between Tycho and Stannis takes place in the sixth novel, while the battle in the ice has not begun yet.
While Tycho stays in Castle Black, he tells Jon about alarming reports of strange ships seen at the Stepstones, which do not belong to Salladhor Saan or to the Redwyne fleet but from farther east, and a queer talk about dragons. Jon does not regard the last item seriously, but Tycho assures him it is not something to joke about, since his people fled the dragonlords. Thus it is unclear how the Iron Bank will treat Daenerys: on one hand she acts to abolish slavery, but on the other hand she has descended from a dragonlord family.
There is no mention in the novels that the Iron Bank has ever hired the Golden Company to collect overdue debts.
===Known members and representatives===
*Bessaro, a keyholder
*Noho Dimittis, an envoy to the Red Keep
*Tycho Nestoris, an envoy to Stannis Baratheon
==References==
===Notes===
==External links==
* 
Category:Braavosi culture
 
Category:Organizations
de:Eiserne Bank von Braavos
fr:Banque de Fer
pl:Żelazny Bank
ru:Железный банк Браавоса
zh:铁金库