Battle of Earth

The Battle of Earth, referred to as the Earth Sustained Defense Campaign by the UNSC, was one of the largest engagements fought between the Covenant and the United Nations Space Command, which took place on and above the planet Earth and across the Sol system from October 20, 2552 to November 17. It was one of the most significant battles of the Human-Covenant war as the fate of humanity depended on the survival of their homeworld. The battle concluded when the Prophet of Truth's Dreadnought left Earth through the Portal with the purpose of activating the Halo Array from "The Ark."
==Background==
===UNSC Retreat===
In the aftermath of the Fall of Reach, the UNSC began to pull its forces back to Earth, with most units assigned to defend Earth's tether cities. The Marine unit E2-BAG/1/7, among many others, was relocated from Reach to defend New Mombasa.Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe, "Palace Hotel," page 367
The UNSC Naval units still left were brought back to Earth. On September 5, 2552, these units reorganized into a command grouping under the UNSC Home Fleet. All aerospace units now at Sol were under the command of Fleet Admiral Harper.Halo Legendary Crate - Bonus Item: Naval Records Archives
===The Prophets Discover Earth===
====Truth and FIRST STRIKE====
After the Fall of Reach, the Prophet of Truth discovered the location of Earth but withheld knowledge of this discovery from the Covenant and other high-ranking officials.Halo Waypoint, "Ten Twenty" history article To attack the human homeworld, he ordered a Jiralhanae assault fleet to secretly assemble at Unyielding Hierophant station in the Tau Ceti System. The fleet would overwhelm Earth's defenses in a single decisive strike. This would serve as the initial stages of Truth's plan to elevate the Jiralhanae as the military command caste of the Covenant, as opposed to the Sangheili whom he believed were dangerously prone to disillusionment.Halo: First Strike - page ??
The Covenant assault fleet was discovered by the UNSC AI Cortana. A preemptive strike led by Vice Admiral Danforth Whitcomb and a SPARTAN-II strike team destroyed Unyielding Hierophant and almost the entirety of the assembled fleet, some 500 ships.Halo: First Strike - page 333
====Regret and Meridian====
The Prophet of Regret also learned of Earth's location from a Luminary found on Meridian.Halo 2: Anniversary - Collectible: Terminal - Beholden Not being privy to Truth's information, Regret set off to uncover the artifact, not realizing that Earth was the human homeworld. Regret unknowingly led his small fleet, a mere two s and 13 s, straight into Earth's formidable defenses. Truth belatedly learned of Regret's attack, and dispatched a large Jiralhanae-led fleet to reinforce the attack. They arrived just after Regret had fled.
==Battle==
===Regret's Arrival===
The Fleet of Sacred Consecration was detected on its way to Earth, prompting a quiet dragging of available ships back to Earth all morning. They were later detected near Io as a series of Slipspace "whispers." Probes were sent to investigate, but shortly afterward the Covenant fleet reverted to realspace near Earth, just outside the killzone of the planet's Orbital Defense Platforms (ODPs). UNSC forces went to TACCON Alpha 2. Fleet Admiral Harper ordered his battle group to attack, but quickly received new orders from Fleet Admiral Terrence Hood to fall back and defend the ODPs. Having expected an overwhelming enemy offensive in the style of the Battle of Reach, the relative weakness of the attack puzzled the defenders.Halo 2 - Level: Cairo Station
The Assault Carriers converged on the battle cluster including Athens Station, Cairo Station and Malta Station. The ODPs opened fire as the enemy entered range. Covenant troops boarded the stations, intending to demolish them with an Antimatter Charge each. As each bomb was planted the Covenant withdrew. Athens and Malta were demolished in quick succession. Cortana, aboard Cairo, deduced the nature of the threat and John-117 was dispatched to prevent the same fate from befalling Cairo.
Cortana directed the SPARTAN-II to the bomb's location in Cairos fire control center. En route to the bomb, John-117 rescued Commander Miranda Keyes and allowed her to board . The frigate departed Cairo to join the fray.
===Covenant Breakthrough===
The two Assault Carriers began to break through toward Cairo. Cortana directed Cairos MAC against Solemn Penance but the ship did not stop to engage and instead made directly for New Mombasa on the surface. Admiral Harper led the attack on Day of Jubilation and depleted its shields. Keyes volunteered to attack the carrier immediately, but Hood was unwilling to pit a single frigate against such a large target.
John-117 and Cortana managed to capture and defuse the Covenant antimatter bomb aboard Cairo. Deciding to use the device to their advantage, and with Lord Hood's approval, the Spartan leapt out of an airlock holding onto the bomb, using only the initial explosive decompression for impulse. A flight of Longsword interceptors opened a breach in the carrier's hull and allowed the Spartan to plant the charge deep within the warship. The detonation destroyed the assault carrier, with John-117 barely escaping in time. Safe in the vacuum of space due to his MJONIR armor, John-117 then 'fell' to and was rescued.
===Regret Escapes===
Regret's carrier came to stop over New Mombasa in the East African ProtectorateHalo 2 - Level: Outskirts and deployed troops into the city and the surrounding area. UNSC high command wished to discover why the Covenant were landing only in Mombasa, and John-117 was ordered to capture Regret for interrogation. The Spartan was deployed with marines and ODSTs in a trio of Pelicans from the near the city, but the dropships were shot down by a Covenant Scarab in Old Mombasa. John-117 and the survivors regrouped and pursued the walker to NM 105E, and across the bridge to New Mombasa Sector B. The Scarab was eventually trapped and destroyed at the end of a canal. Covenant forces started to withdraw to the assault carrier for slipspace departure.Halo 2 - Level: Metropolis
In orbit the Home Fleet began deploying ODST units towards the Solemn Penance in SOEIVs, intending to aid Master Chief in an assault on the carrier. One squad, deploying from the and led by GSgt. Buck, was diverted by ONI agent Captain Veronica Dare to secure the city's infrastructure A.I.Halo 3: ODST - Level: Prepare To Drop
Regret's means of escape took the UNSC by surprise. The carrier initiated a Slipspace jump while still over the city. The UNSC In Amber Clad quickly recovered John-117 and followed in the fleeing ship's wake. The slipspace rupture severely damaged the city and generated an EMP. Many ODSTs had not yet landed when the carrier escaped and were caught in the EMP and blast. Drop pods were disabled in flight and plunged into uncontrolled freefall. They were scattered across the city.
===Truth's Fleet Arrives===
Immediately following the slipspace event, the Prophet of Truth's Jiralhanae-led reinforcements arrived.Halo 3: ODST - Level: Tayari Plaza The Jiralhanae absorbed the handful of ships that remained from Regret's fleet, which by now were controlled by Regret's Jiralhanae, and deployed more troops into New Mombasa. Sangheili crews and infantry were killed as part of Truth's plan to place the Jiralhanae as the Covenant's primary warrior race.
Surviving UNSC forces in the city, aided by the New Mombasa Police Department, continued to resist, but were eventually overwhelmed. The Covenant began glassing Mombasa and the surrounding area, uncovering the Portal to the Ark. Captain Dare and Alpha-Nine managed to secure the city's infrastructure AI and escape in a stolen Phantom before the city fell to the enemy.Halo 3: ODST - Level: Coastal Highway
===Covenant Occupation===
The battle spread over the globe in the following weeks. The diminishing fleets of UNSC remained to contest in Earth's orbit, but the Covenant continued to raid the surface in search of Forerunner artifacts. Most Covenant forces were concentrated in East Africa.
The Spartan Blue Team, consisting of SPARTAN-104, SPARTAN-058, and SPARTAN-043, were constantly engaged for the first two weeks. They repelled enemy ships in orbit in zero-g operations. On the surface they neutralized Covenant excavations, first during the Battle of Ross Island in Antarctica,Halo: Ghosts of Onyx - Chapter 23, page 203 ("They had then been dispatched to Mount Erebus in the Antarctic where they neutralized a Covenant excavation with a HAVOK tactical nuke.") and then underwater off the Yucatan Peninsula. On November 3, they participated in the Battle of Havana, where they stole the enemy destroyer Bloodied Spirit, and neutralized another destroyer and the Centennial Orbital Elevator. They subsequently redeployed aboard the stolen ship to Onyx to aid Dr. Halsey.Halo: Ghosts of Onyx - Page ??
250px|right|thumb|The Covenant assaulting Cleveland.
The Covenant also invaded the city of Cleveland on Earth, looking for an artifact known as the "Key of Osanalan." The Key turned out to be a hoax perpetrated by Colonel James Ackerson.Halo: Uprising - Issue ??
As the Great Schism raged throughout High Charity located above Installation 05, the Prophet of Truth prepared his departure to the Sol System. On November 3, the Prophet of Truth escaped in the Anodyne Spirit, leaving the flood to consume the rest of High Charity. The prophet sought to activate the Ark, fire the Halo rings, and begin what he thought to be the "Great Journey." Unaware to the Covenant, John-117 had stowed away aboard the ship.
Commander Miranda Keyes, Sergeant Major Avery Johnson, and Arbiter Thel 'Vadam learned of the Prophet of Truth's intentions and departed Installation 05 after the Dreadnought. Upon arrival at Earth they took up station in an old military base, Crow's Nest, near Voi, and waited for John-117's arrival.
===Truth's Arrival===
The Forerunner dreadnought arrived at Earth on the 17th of November. John-117 left the ship by leaping off during re-entry and crashing into the East-African jungle.Halo 3 - Level: Sierra 117 On the ground, the Covenant had set up heavy defenses including several AA Batteries near Voi and in the surrounding area to protect their excavation of the Portal.
thumb|right|200px|UNSC forces tracking John-117's descent.
Throughout the first several weeks, the fleets above Earth led by Fleet Admiral Harper fiercely fought the Jiralhanae-led covenant ships. However, on the 17th of November, Truth would arrive with the largest Covenant fleets in recorded history. Outnumbered and outgunned in every possible way the UNSC Home Fleet put up some of the fiercest resistance seen during the war. With nearly 300 ODPs and Hood's brilliant leadership, the UNSC destroyed hundreds of medium and heavy class Covenant ships, eventually reducing the massive fleet to no more than 40. In return, the UNSC fleet was entirely wiped out. Only a handful of frigates remained.
During Spartan-117's re-entry, a pair of ODSTs used a laser designator during the Battle of Sector Six in Afghanistan to track the Spartan's fall.Halo 3 - Promotional Material: Halo: Landfall The data made it easier for Sergeant Johnson and Thel 'Vadam to locate the Spartan. After several skirmishes with Covenant forces, Spartan-117 and the rest of the team was extracted by a dropship, and taken to Crow's Nest.
===UNSC Counterattack===
With UNSC ground forces now supported by John-117, Commander Keyes proposed a plan to attack the excavation site by destroying several of the Covenant anti-air defenses at Voi, allowing low-flying frigates to strike the Anodyne Spirit now stationed on the Portal. Even though Fleet Admiral Terrence Hood had only a few ships remaining, he agreed to the risky plan.
As the offensive got underway the Covenant attacked Crow's Nest. The UNSC evacuated and detonated the base as it fell to Covenant forces. John-117, having activated the bomb, barely managed to escape. The scattered UNSC forces regrouped along the Tsavo Highway headed for Voi.Halo 3 - Level: Tsavo Highway
At Voi, the UNSC successfully created a small opening in Covenant defenses. Throughout the assault John-117, with the help of Thel 'Vadam, disabled several AA Wraiths as well as one of the main AA batteries. With the way cleared, Admiral Hood ordered three frigates and multiple Longswords to attack the Anodyne Spirit. Despite direct hits from several MAC rounds, the Forerunner ship remained intact and activated the Portal. The Anodyne and the rest of the Covenant fleet departed through the resulting Slipspace portal.Halo 3 - Level: The Storm
===The Flood on Earth===
While the battle for Earth raged, the Covenant Separatist forces had been attempting to maintain a quarantine of the Flood-infested High Charity and Installation 05. The Flood-infested Indulgence of Conviction escaped and arrived at Earth as the Prophet of Truth departed through the Portal. The ship crashed in Voi and began infesting the area. John-117 and Thel 'Vadam quickly made for the crash site intending to overload the ship's reactor in the hope that the explosion would stop the Flood.Halo 3 - Level: Floodgate
Covenant separatists ships, led by Sangheili Fleet Master Rtas 'Vadum aboard the Shadow of Intent, arrived in pursuit of the Flood ship. Informed by the Sangheili that Cortana was possibly on the ship, John-117 went in search for her in the crashed Flood-infested cruiser. John-117 found the small storage device containing the AI; he entrusted to 343 Guilty Spark for repairs and they were extracted by Phantom to Shadow of Intent. Meanwhile, the Flood infestation was destroyed after the Covenant Separatist fleet glassed most of East Africa.
Admiral Hood and Commander Keyes joined John-117, Thel 'Vadam, and Rtas 'Vadum aboard Shadow of Intent where 343 Guilty Spark repaired Cortana's damaged storage device. The device contained only a message from the AI; it warned the Flood-infested High Charity was en route to Earth, but that beyond the Portal there was a solution to the Flood without firing the Halo Array.
Admiral Hood was determined to make his stand against the Flood on Earth. The Sangheili believed this to be foolish for there was little hope that Earth could withstand a Flood invasion. The Sangheili decided to place faith in Cortana and journey beyond the Portal. John-117 and Keyes convinced a weary Lord Hood to allow them and a UNSC task force to accompany the Covenant Separatists.
===Final Actions===
The Covenant had also been excavating and defending a site in Fort Huachuca, Arizona. After the departure of the Anodyne, the UNSC assaulted this site. Two days later, a nuclear bomb was detonated at this artifact. Finally, Operation: MARSH FLASH successfully removed high value Brute leadership attempting to activate the artifact there.
==Aftermath==
Despite having suffered enormous military and civilian losses, the UNSC retained control of Earth. The battle and the war was over.
The Battle of Earth inflicted massive infrastructural damage to the planet and greatly reduced Earth's human population. The UNSC Home Fleet was left in ruins, and much of Earth's military power was destroyed. However, thanks to the defeat of the Covenant and the Flood at Installation 00, humans could now rebuild their homeworld, and re-expand.
===The Artifact===
Once through the Portal, the UNSC and Covenant Separatist forces would fight what remained of the Covenant Loyalists and of the Flood in what was known as the "Battle of Installation 00." In the battle, the Covenant Separatist fleet would crush what was left of Truth's fleet while on the surface, UNSC forces spearheaded by John-117, would stop Truth from firing the Halo Array. Gathering knowledge from the ruined city, the Flood would find the location of the Ark and crash its flood-infested High Charity on the Ark. Expecting to be safe from the Halo Arrays, the Flood would face both John-117 and Thel 'Vadam whom would eventually damage the Ark and reduce what remained of the Flood by activating the unfinished Halo Installation.Halo 3 - Levels: The Ark to Halo
===Post-Battle UNSC Analysis===
Over the years after the battle, the UNSC would analyze various elements of the battle.
On January 9, 2553, Black Box would create a memorandum for Admiral Margaret Parangosky on the actions of the UNSC on October 20. On January 6, 2554, Terrence Hood would ask for details and files on Joseph Harper during the whole battle.
==Engagements==
There were a multitude of different smaller engagements during the Battle of Earth. The space around Earth was heavily contested throughout the battle. The skyhooks and Space elevators above Earth were also besieged.Halo 4: The Essential Visual Guide - page 159 On the ground, the cities of Mombasa, Cleveland, Havana, and Voi were all major battlegrounds during the battle. Sydney was also attacked.Halo Encyclopedia - page ?? Ross Island was also occupied by Covenant forces for some time. Sector Six in Pakistan also came under attack.
===Detailed Engagements===
*Battle of Mombasa
*Battle of Cleveland
*Battle of Ross Island
*Battle of Havana
*Battle of Sector Six
*Battle of Tsavo
*Operation: MARSH FLASH
==Timeline==
===October 20, 2552===
*Lord Hood awards John-117, Sergeant Johnson and Jacob Keyes (posthumously) medals for their efforts during the Battle of Installation 04 and subsequent actions. Miranda Keyes received the medal posthumously given to her late father. The ceremony took place on Cairo Station.
*1248 Hours: Io Station picks up a communications fragment from the Prophet of Regret's fleet. Shortly after. a Covenant task force of 2 s and 13 s exited Slipspace above Earth.
*1412 Hours: The Covenant launch waves of boarding craft toward the orbital defense stations. Several UNSC vessels and stations are destroyed by boarding Covenant forces. The MAC platform Malta, after sending elated communications that they have repelled all Covenant boarders, is annihilated in a cataclysmic explosion. The shockwave of which is felt by the crew of the Cairo station. Shortly afterward the Athens MAC platform experiences the same fiery fate.
*The Cairo MAC platform is saved by the heroic efforts of Spartan-117, single-handedly disarming (with the aid of Cortana who was acting as the platform's AI) and removing the Antimatter Charge from the orbital platform. John-117 removes the explosive device by jettisoning it, along with himself, out of a docking bay airlock. He then uses this same bomb to destroy a Covenant Assault Carrier that had just broken through the UNSC's defensive perimeter.
*During a protracted naval engagement, Solemn Penance blows through the Maltas debris field and heads straight for Earth.
*Between 1459 & 2359 HoursHalo Legendary Crate - Bonus Item: First Twelve Hours: Solemn Penance comes to rest above Mombasa. UNSC forces engage the Covenant on the ground and wage a bloody street-by-street skirmish in both Old and New Mombasa. After some time of ground battle and complete evacuation of Mombasa, SPARTAN-117, along with several Marines, are sent to crush the Covenant resistance in the city and infiltrate Solemn Penance above the city, complimented by an ODST force which would be inserted from orbit directly into the Assault Carrier, though one squad's mission was actually separate. Solemn Penance makes a sudden Slipspace jump only hundreds of meters above the city of New Mombasa. His motivations for doing so were, at the time, unknown. The Assault Carrier is followed by . This atmospheric Slipspace jump severely damages the City of New Mombasa. The ODSTs' drop pods are scattered around the city, most of them presumably killed by the slipspace rupture.
*Immediately following the slipspace event, Truth's backup fleet arrives and engages UNSC forces in orbit. The Jiralhanae overtake the Sangheili on both the ground and in space while continuing to engage the UNSC. A Jiralhanae-led occupation force is also inserted into New Mombasa. The surviving UNSC and NMPD forces clash with the Covenant for control of the city.
*SPARTAN Blue Team is deployed to defend Earth during 's disappearance.
===November 3, 2552===
*SPARTAN-104, SPARTAN-058, and SPARTAN-043 partake in the Battle of Havana. Shortly thereafter, they use a captured Covenant Destroyer to depart for Onyx.
*The Second, Seventh, and Sixteenth Fleets are all engaging the Covenant in Earth orbit.
===November 15, 2552===
*1725 Hours: An interrogation between Avery Johnson and Quick to Adjust takes place at the Quito Space Tether.Halo Legendary Crate - Bonus Item: Vergil
===November 17, 2552===
*Truth arrives at Earth with the largest Covenant fleet in recorded history. Truth's fleet smashes the UNSC Home Fleet, however in return taking massive casualties. John-117 ejects from the Anodyne Spirit.
*The Battle of Sector Six takes place. UNSC Marines manage to help track John-117's descent to Earth.
*Spartan 117 lands in Kenyan jungle. Later that morning, Spartan-117 is recovered by a group of Marines led by Sergeant Johnson. The Marines, with Spartan-117, make their way to Crow's Nest, where a plan for a counterattack is devised. The base is invaded by the Covenant, and eventually destroyed by the UNSC.
*The UNSC forces regroup along Tsavo Highway, eventually assaulting the Covenant-held city of Voi.
*UNSC Forces neutralize Covenant Anti-Air defenses in Voi. Battle Group Victory initiate the assault on the Anodyne Spirit, with no effect. The Artifact is activated. Covenant Loyalist forces flee to Installation 00 through the Portal.
*Immediately thereafter, a Flood-controlled ship emerges from Slispace over Voi, crashing in the city. The Flood infestation starts spreading around the region. Covenant Separatist fleet, having given chase, arrives at Earth and glasses Voi as well as its surroundings.
*A transmission from the UNSC AI Cortana is retrieved from the Flood ship. The Covenant Separatist forces, with several UNSC forces with them, go through the Portal to the Ark.
*UNSC forces attack a built up position in Fort Huachuca, Arizona.
===November 19, 2552===
*0630 Hours: Flagword LUX is declared in Arizona. UEG emergency evacuation is broadcast.
*0700 Hours: Tactical nuclear weapon deployed in Arizona.
===December 3, 2552===
*Operation: MARSH FLASH is conducted and is successful in eliminating Jiralhanae HVTs.
===Unknown===
====October 20 - November 3, 2552====
*Blue Team participates in an attack on Ross Island in Antarctica.
====November, 2552====
*The city of Sydney is attacked.Halo: Glasslands - page 27 (Electronic Version)
*The city of Cleveland is attacked.
==Participants==
==Trivia==
*At the beginning of the level Cairo Station, Admiral Hood remarks: "Something's not right. The fleet that destroyed Reach was fifty times this size." Assuming that 'size' refers to the number of vessels in the fleet, this may be an oversight, as the Covenant fleet at Reach had only 300 ships, as opposed to the 750 (15*50= 750) implied by Hood's statement. The number of Covenant ships at Reach however has been revised to 750 in the 2010 edition of Halo: Fall of Reach but this was undone in the 2011 Definitive Edition. Since it is confirmed that more than one Covenant fleet was at Reach, it may be that Lord Hood was referring to the total number of Covenant ships present at the Fall of Reach, rather than just the Fleet of Particular Justice.
*According to the Halo Encyclopedia, "the entire population of Earth was cut in half as the First Battle of Earth began." It does not however specify whether it means half of Earth's population were killed, or if a significant number were evacuated, although the latter is more probable, as the Covenant did not commence planetary bombardment, and the statement is in regard of the situation at the beginning and not the end of the battle.Halo Encyclopedia - page 282
*The Battle of Earth used to be regarded as separate battles, the "First" covering the events of Halo 2 and the "Second" the events of Halo 3. Later sources claimed Truth's reinforcements arrived mere hours after Regret fled, and the two battles were merged into one. However, the Halo Encyclopedia continues to list the two separate battles.
*The Battle of Earth is featured in four games; Halo 2, Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, and Halo: Spartan Strike, more than any other battle.
**This is due to the fact that Earth, as Humanity's homeworld, is the most important planet under control of Humanity.
==Gallery==
File:UNSC Home Fleet.jpg|The UNSC Home Fleet prior to the arrival of the Covenant.
File:UNSC Fleet.jpg|The Home Fleet engages the Covenant fleet above Earth in full force.
File:Pelican and warthog.jpg|UNSC Forces approaching New Mombasa during the early stages of the Battle of Earth.
File:Covenant assault carrier.jpg|Solemn Penance prepares to jump into slipspace above New Mombasa.
File:H2SSRupture.jpg|Regret's jump into slipspace initiates a massive shockwave of energy that consumes New Mombasa, causing widespread damage.
File:Portal odst.png|The Covenant occupation fleet uncovering the Portal.
File:Battle of Earth Main.jpg|The Forerunner dreadnought heading towards Earth.
File:S117returnstoEarth2552.jpg|John-117 and the Dreadnought entering Earth's atmosphere.
File:Mac.jpg|s fire their MACs on the Forerunner dreadnought.
File:Voi assault 4.png|The Portal begins to activate after the UNSC's failed assault on the Dreadnought.
File:Halo3 E3 TRAILER 2007 720p30 ST 6300Kbps 002 0001.jpg|The Covenant Separatist ships glass Voi and its surroundings to contain the Flood threat.
File:Final meeting 7.png|UNSC and Covenant Separatists hold their meeting aboard the Shadow of Intent after the battle.
Ffg-127.png|UNSC Frigate FFG-127 destroyed as ODST drop pods descend into the city of New Mombasa.
UNSCHitsDreadnought-large.jpeg|Charon-class light frigates hitting the Forerunner dreadnought with their MACs. 
==Appearances==
*Halo 2 
**Halo 2: Anniversary
*Halo 3
**Halo: Landfall
*Halo 3: ODST
*Halo: Ghosts of Onyx
*Halo: Evolutions - Essential Tales of the Halo Universe
**Palace Hotel
*Halo Graphic Novel
*Halo: Spartan Assault 
*Halo: Spartan Strike
*Hunt the Truth 
==Sources==
ru:Битва_за_Землю
Category:UNSC Victories in the Human-Covenant War