Wed

Auncolor, aunodor, aunzawk liquid, transparent in plieske yed emend un glawgvo color in tuge, wed (ex oraryo wodrn) est un combination om hydrogen ed oxygen (H²0) ed ananct physic sonterkweits : est denser quem glehdj (byaungjans flotte ed frosto spranct madh petras). Wedo dissolvt mult solid substances ed aisic-ye mutastandt : ye normal atmospheric pressem, id frehst ye 0°C ed yehst ye 100°C bihnd-ye steum. Wed est id gwitsmilieu multen animal ed vegetal specen. Skeipt id principal element vasyen cells in stand os active gwit. Wed est ep Terra spohrtst element. Est pleist-ye saldwent au arohgen in ia inlandsis. Id neudet preswed (circa 2,3% ios total) lyehct in lacs ed muraischa, in id atmosphere ed in sreumens. Ia precipitations udmikdarnt 500 000 km3 ielg yar, ex qua circa 20% ep ia continents. Wed, quos consummo nacrehsct, est menacet ab mult pollutionscauses : piwernts (besonters nitrates ed phosphates) oistrun ep id swol vilyehge do id enderghomwedernt ed bihnt yando draint ub do id surface, polluend ia sreumens qua seikwnt do lacs ed mars. Tibs piwernts addeihnt-se pesticides, industrial rejects ed hydrocarbons. Ta pollutionsphenomens induce frequent-ye ecologic distulas (suadrehbia au dusdrehbia) qua viseuwnt un rarefaction os wedren oxygen, edghi vineicent ia wedren gwiv speces.
== Daylukwedor ==
Sreumens sehkwnt kamkwe id relief, dehnend semper kyid ghemst point ed semper unte id cortst itner. Sreumens ghi trende sehkwe un seid bichoun bet ia kieurde differences iom tohrten terrains ed ia plorhoges altere enorm-ye tod prabhil. 
Sont apnis quan ia kleitus sont importanter ed quan uno mier wedwakel dehlct upersrues un angh stet. Apnis sehkwnt un directer bichoun quem ia lent sreumens. Nilinkwnt minter lawis ed fodde id terrain meis-ye jaldi, do deub channels.
Ye lenter un sreumen est, ye meis lamens id nilinkwt. Lent riviers trendent gehne meis meanders ob dayim nilinkwnt lawis qua creent nov obstacles ed diswehrte idso druna. Wertus ed pouls wardhe bet wakyet od ia erosive forces os wed, ed id prabhil quod dwinght ei sreumen dehne unte id cortst marwort itner, ghehdent trans ia skipen lawimalms. Tod constant action beuwt daydey meis-ye fertil terrains.
Lacs prehpe in meg variata stets bet sems sont besonters propice iri wardhen. Tasmee sont ia craters iom sesgwesmen volcans, ed ia vestiges ios perodhia iom glehdjers. Tehrpti bihe mohmt od natural lacs sont rarer quem crediht. Stamebhs hant gohnen pleist large lacs.
Preswed lacs lyehge, normal-ye, in khandays au wondays ed kwahnt ops novwedoro brinegh ed behande un dehnen quod vergeiht un pior alt saldtanek. 
Saldlacs trende lyehge in nredays quer absteumen est oku ed quer wed mathmount maung-ye meiso sald. Eti, un wap samt un pior importanto dehnen au un pior slab kwehlen trendt kowpe lawis, cause os meiso saldwentia.
 Un behrg ana Lac Superior. Lac Superior (Englisch: Lake Superior, Franceois: lac Supérieur, Ojibwe: ᑭᑦᒉᐁ-ᑲᒣᐁ) est id plautst lac iom Grand Lacs os America, tem quem tienxia superficie plautst preswed lac, ed tienxia trit volume plautst preswed lac. Id est dilt inter id Canadian province Ontario nord-ye, id US Stat Minnesota west-ye, ed Wisconsin ed id Uber Peninsule os Michigan sud-ye.
== Khaywedor ==
In un globeskeip mund, oceanic activitat est bohnden ei rotation ed ibs atmospheric conditions. Surface strohms sehkwnt, normal-ye, id direction iom dominant winds ed id general strohm in uter hemisphere est witer tei alters dwidel ios planete. 
In id equatorzone, ia passats ed ir assocyet strohms organisent-se sekwent un schema quod ibs est wi ed quod trendt transfere ia atmospheric ed marin strohms ex uter hemisphere do alter. 
Air kam wedo densasce ed srigasce per ia srig latitudes. Ex to maghent resulte precipitations. Tod srigos est bohrt ab ia strohms kya warm latitudes ed ithan tyehct id wierme transfer. 
Quer strohms bihnt canaliset kyun angh perigumt, edschi quer dwo majora strohms samghate, id mar est talaster. Ter sont trohven dewers ed resacks. 
Schiaus sont ia resultants om different forces, khaliban interactions due sanschangravitat. Est un egal numer om flutts ed ebbs cadadien ed ia amplitude variations iom schiaus sont extremer quan uno mier bukht schrehnct jaldi kay trehve id land. Talg schiaus ghehde oistighes ub ed ghom unte meis quem 12m hina joine we isole landmasses.
 Renns upersnahnt id Warakenrivier. Id Warakenrivier (Franceois: Rivière aux Feuilles, Englisch: Leaf River, Inuktitut: Kuugaaluk/Itinniq). Tod 480km long rivier os Nord Quebec, Canada seikwt do id Lac aux Feuilles, tehrt-yod un strett pre nake id Ungava bai. Ter tyehcient tienxia largest schiaus, uper 17m; Itinniq ghi maynt "quer sont mier schiaus".
== Wedpollution ==
Edsi nundiens habskwtst raumateria est naft, id "sword gold", preswed est kwiten ka "blou gold". Iaghi wedressurces mimeince ed taxirs hant ja prohpen in sem lands. 
Id dayi uns wedtaxir ep id planete maght kwehctum kikway chunke 71% os idso superficie (510 millions om km²) consist oceans, lacs au sreumens. Bet in druve, saldwed yani non-consummil aun un mahalg aunsaldeihsa processo skeipt 97% ios wedvolume ambh nos. 
Id quantitat os preswed, id behandet aunsald wed, lyehct ambh 2,3% ep id planete. Tod gwehmt besonters ex septa distinct surces (bayna qua ia polar glehdja, endergrundwedor, grundmiedhe...). Yed id major deil tos aunsald wedor skeipent ia glehdjers edghi ne est behandet pro consumm. Yinjier, id volume os behandet preswed mikdart tik 0,7% ios wed ep id planete. 
Bet tod volume se reduct ob pollution. 
Wed ghehdt bihe kwit ka un druv agent os mohrto chunke uno mier numer siugen est direct-ye ei bohnden. Takriban 2 millions decessen tienxia maghe bihe anadeht ielg yar ad un insaluber wed. Kholera, un aruahaysa, biht transmitten per stohrct wed au aliments in contacto con tod wed. Pleist kholerafalls sont mohlden in Africa (Angola, Aythiopia, Sudan). Paupertat kam id absence os hygiene facileihnt id propagation tos epidemia. 
In Asia, id wedor ios Ganges oiskeipt oino iom focus tos haysa. Scomber kam kakwrnt bihnt xubhen direct-ye do id fluv, bet tod mergis nel-ye dissuadt id population ud pohe ed nudes id wedor ios Ganges pro cadadien gwit. Kholera ne est id oino siuge bohnden ad wed, bet id remant id katelst con poliomyelitis. Yed id massoulia os wed maghiet bihe ayno meis extenden, si bespehcmos ia bacterias gwivend we antslehnkend wedeni. Also i moskitts, vector os malaria quim larves ghehde antslenhke tik in wedren milieu auti onchocercose wa "sreumenblindet". 
Idschi chemic pollution expliet id aschikar degradation os wedor. Pollution hat plur causes. Meg diu, id pau dwinghend legislation hat permitten ibs entreprises sinkwes ir toxic products do fluvs ed riviers aun druve-ye incurre Riska. Id naudh os reconstruge Europe pos 1945 hat contribuet tod desinvolture ed ta dramatic neglegences. Pleist europay major fluvs kam id Rhen, id Danube au id Elbe hant bihn druv cloaks. Eti ia industrial sites frequent-ye page ana ia fluvial axes ob id transportsfacilitato ta anance ed kay produce hydraulic energia. 
Tod industrial pollution in sem lands kam Russia au Romuneia emt bfuxiong proportions, gehnend ne tik ecologic (stohrken wed, polluen air) sontern kathalika medical sketha (gwaur pathologias, chronic siuges, malformations im novgnahts).
 Rissem ios "Megil Artificial Sreumen" (Arab: النهر الصناعي العظيم) ep un banknote om 20 libi dinars. Leit de un aulen netwehrgo quod betyeict Libia med wed ex id Sahara, idsmee Nubian Fossil Schaghianwedernt. Est tienxia plautst irrigationsproject (2820 km). Consist meis quem 1300 puts, meis quem 500m deub, ed betyeict med 6 500 000 m3 preswed cadadien ia urbs Tripoli, Benghasi, Sirte ed alya.
== Wedmanagement ==
Behandet consummil wed gwehmt cort menxu tienxia demande po wed auct. 
Id demographic factoro bringht un preter interessant explication. Pon 1960, tienxia population hat ja doublen. Nundiens in Hindo gnahnt 40 babys cada minute. Yinjier tod demographic evolution hat dribht un augen iom jlampohnwans ne tik pro khassiat consumm (Agriculture, personal neud...) bet hassa pro irrigation (quod skeipt 70% os tienxia consummt wed). Ed io ops artisanal irrigationstechniques dreibhe un alt wazden po mediocre resultats. Taiper, 850 millions leuden ne edde sat pro ir hungher tienxia, bet in 2020 tod proportion solliet crehsce do oino milliard em anghens. Id khassiato deficit biht stets graver. Quantloc reict un sam leitmotiv, paursctum nov arwrs, yani irrigen unte conditions permittend un effective agriculture. 
Industrial antslehnken kathalika contribuet id augen os preswedconsumm. Id beorbaten iom metalls naudht significant wedquantitats. Tod situation os taxir au os reduction iom preswedressurcen ne est wi ibs pauper lands. In France, id pollution iom enderghomwedernts kam in Breithen dwinght im consummers kaupe aqua. In mult lands tienxia ia wedtaxirs gravereihnt ia tensions we skeipent ia sababs om conflicts kam in Mediorient.
Plur siyassas buir ducta kay solve ta wedtaxirs. 
Ia aunsaldeihsa techniques os marwed sont nundiens perfect-ye maystert, kam in Marok au in ia Uniet Arab Amirats. Bet ir cost remant alt ed aun subvention ios public waldh, id proposen wedpris remant inaccessible ab pleist hems. 
Plur gouvernements hant oistarten keulsiyassas iom enderghomwedernts. In men Libia, un vast project namen "Id Megil Artificial Sreumen/النهر الصناعي العظيم" in 1985, hat permiss id construction immensen aqueducten yungend ia enderghomwediswors ios libi desert ibs agglomerations ana id Mediomar. Quebec de plant exporte kya Uniet Stats os America un part ios preswed iom lacs ed riviers qua pleista seikwnt do id Atlantic Ocean. 
Bilhassa, oino iom judicieussten solutions bezielt meis manage ia wedressurces reducend-ye ia leusa ed id absteumen unte id wedtransport. In California, wedtaxir est albatta due urbanisation bet kathalika id wazden in agriculture ob meg meidic prisa.
 Krants os Caniaspiscau Reservuar prokwem Lac Brisay. Tod talab skeipt id meist west part ios hydroelectric complexe La Grande; 4318 km² plaut, est Quebecs plautst (artificial) preswedwap ed id dwot in Canada (photo ab Axel Drainville). Id Province Quebec xeiht oino men om tienxia important preswedreserves, tod tegend 12% siens territorium, tem de quem 3% os Terras udnovim preswed.
==Tienxia rivalitats de preswed==
===Lesotho===
Lesothos hol territorium (uno smulko land daylukbohndt eni Sud Africa) lyehct ye meis quem 1000m altitude samt monto Thabana-Ntlenyana ye 3482m ka hogsto ghyor. Dank tod geographic situation, Lesotho brunct important aquaressurces id neudt baygh pau. Kata ia Drakensberg ghyors dehne ia principala fluvs qua betyehcent Sud Africa ed quom wed est precieus pro id madenn industrie os Gauteng. Tod region ed meis besonters Johannesburg depende oin wediswor, id Vaal, quos dehnquote est notor-ye rhayr-kafi pro face ia wans tos province quer weict ielg penkt Sud-African. 
In 1986, Pretoria hat propost ad Lesotho un project os gadabeihsa idsen aquaressurcen namdehn Lesotho Hoglanden Wedproject / Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). Ids principal ziel est kape ab Lesotho id wedor ios uber boengi ios sreumen Senqu (local nam ios Orange fluv) ed inverte oin part idsios druna kay trehcihes id kye Gauteng. Id construction pluren gatyen permittsiet ne tik protiedare id lamenorm wed poskwo sreuihes id kye Sud Africa, sontern kathalika produce hydroelectricitat. Taiper wehrgent dwo gatyes, ta om Katse ed Mohale (dwo alya sollient bihe struct unte Phase II ios project, bayna qua tod os Polehi). Dadwnt 10% iom srovwans os Sud Africa ed betyehce kathalika Lesotho. Speit multiple controverses bohndt ei cost ios project ed idsims consequences contra ambient, id prest etape ios construction tos immense hydraulic complexe buit akapt in 2003; ia orbats os Phase II buir approben in 2011 ed sollient bihe finihna in 2020. Id LHWP hat yinjier id geopolitic interesse quod Lesotho skeipt, ed neter Nelson Mandela ni eysi successors hant renquestionen tod over, yed ornuwto ye id zaman os apartheid ed quod correspons semschi meis politic dasturs.
 Id Augrabies wedfall est un seid cascade ios Orange sreumen prokwem Augrabies in Nordcap Province, Sud Africa. Est dalgtos med 313 m3/s bog Sud Africas mierst wedfall dayir volume. Est 56m hog ed mutawassit-ye 24m weur. Id Orange (Afrikaans: Oranjerivier/Gariep, Englisch: Orange River, in Lesotho : Senqu) est Sud-Africas longst fluv ed buit namdeht it ab colonel Robert J. Gordon in 1779 in honor ios Nederlands Peurst os Orange. Id sreumen iswehrt in Lesothos Drakensberg, prokwem ids grance con Sud Africa, dehnt westworts ed vidaught ka sindu inter Sud Africa ed Namibia, pre id seikwt do id Atlantic Ocean prokwem Alexander Bei, circa midvia inter Walvis Bai ed Kaapstad.
===Irak===
Tod lando strehct unte 434 000 km² ed ids population est pagen ana ia dwo principal fluvs, id Tigris ed id Purat. Iswehrnd in Tyrkia, ta dwo fluvs betyehce ia tri magn agglomerations ios land, al-Mawsil, Bagdad ed Basra. Ia 2/3 ios iraki territorium skeipt desert (tik 12% ios superficie os Irak est cultiven). Irrigation obkwehct alnos dependend id wedor ex id Tigris ed id Purat. Bet id dehnen tom dwo fluvs est pau regular ed remant submitten ad climatic fluctuations. 
Iraks vulnerabilitat hat-se revelet ab ia 1970tias, ob id construction iom prest hydraulic overs in Tabqa in Suria (1973) ed in tyrk Anadolu, Kebran (1973), Karakaya (1987) dind Atatürk (1992). Iaghi prest wedtaxirs prehpe dalworts in Suria kam in Irak. Tolks de id daysa ios wedor ios Purat ed ios Tigris tun startsient inter ia tri protagonistes bet jaldi stundsient protie politic rivalitats. 
Pon ia 1980tias, Tyrkia hat signen plur playcts con Suria ed Irak. In 1987, per traiteit, Tyrkia garantiet ad Suria uno mutawassit lytsto dehnquote om 500m3 pro secunde, dayir id Purat. Nundiens biht id situation besonters bfuxiong pro Irako quod vidt se exhause id dehnen ios wedor ios Purat, ob id augen ios irrigation ios agrent arazsi bi siena niebers ed id multiplication iom hydraulic projects ghyorworts.
 Id Brahmaputra in Assam, Hind. Tod major fluv os Asia sreut per China, Hind ed Bangladesh. Id Manas rivier, quod dehnt per Bhutan, joint id in Jogighopa, Hind. Est tienxia nevt mierst fluv dehnquote-ye, ed id penkdemt longst. Ids namo maynt "son os Brahma' in Sanskrit, ids etymologic Sambahsa correspondant esiet "blaghmenspurt".
===Tupeud===
China controlt uno major part om Asias iswors dank sien presence in Tupeud. Id region Tupeud biht ops comparen grund-ye uni druv bogtor. Ia magna fluvs ios iklime seurce her, kam id Brahmaputra, id Thanelwin, id Mekong auti id Chang Jiang. Ta fluvsystemes betyehce ia agrentregions ne tik os China sontern kathalika iom Stats lyehgend dalworts kam Hind, Nepal, Pakistan ed Bangladesh. Tupeud skeipt un prestnivell talabo pro Asia chunke ielg yar 600 km3 preswedios dehne do ia samgrance lands. 
Idghi wedbetyeicen Sud-Eust Asias dependt part-ye au alnos Tupeud. China behandt ter un significant influence alat. Tod control iom wedressurcen seuwt stets meis mukadma chunke China med id construction om hydraulic overs est tenten ab meis waldhe ye sien brungos id dehnquote iom fluvs tos iklime. Ed id crosct ios population in tod iklime Asias vidreibhsiet uno mussalsal augen ios wedconsummios necessar ne tik pro cadadien wans sontern proschi agriculture. Tuntos siet id control iom iswors, yinjier Tupeuds, skipes un decisive politic trump.
 Ia menscenpopulations gwivend dalworts ana id Mekong ja kwehnde uno meincen ios wedorvolume ed id rarefaction os khayxian, kam el Mekongskyam. China neget cada massoulia de to. El Mekongskyam (Pangasianodon gigas) est oin om tienxia mierstens preswedpiskens. Gwivt wahid-ye in id Mekong ed ghehldt ob uperpeisken ed bi-sabab id leus os sieno milieu ka extinctionsmenacen.
===Kashmir===
Pon meis quem oin pwolsecule, Hind ed Pakistan levernt ad mutu un swesgven weiro ye iro grance, in id region Kashmir. Nundiens, tod territorium est dilen inter tri Stats : Hind (46%), Pakistan (35%) ed China. Kashmir lyehct ye 3500m os mutawassit altitude samt besonters id akro Nanga Prabat (8216 m). 
Oino iom major pands tos conflict remant id control uper id fluv Indus. Tod iswehrt pon mont Kaylassa (6714 m), dehnt per Kashmir (Hindi poskwo Pakistani deil) dind tehrt Pakistan quos principal fluvaulice id skeipt pre sikwes do id Arab Mar. Fluv Indus bringht 80% om Pakistans wedressurces, permittend id irrigation ios agrent araszi. Pon independence, plur gatyes buir gadabihna in Pakistan kay meis regule id wedor ios Indus, iaghi 2/3 ios total volume bihnt dadwn in ia tri yutienmunts Jun, Jul ed August. Id annexion os Kashmir ab Pakistan dehiet un fin ei menace bucti taiper ab New Delhi. Nundiens, Hind ghehdt reduce tiptil id dehnen ios fluv ed compromitte ia agrent opsens in Pakistan.