Books of the Bible

The Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Judaism and the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Georgian, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac and Ethiopian churches, although there is substantial overlap. A table comparing the canons of some of these traditions appears below, comparing the Jewish Bible with the Christian Old Testament and New Testament. For a detailed discussion of the differences, see "Biblical canon".
The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches may have minor differences in their lists of accepted books. The list given here for these churches is the most inclusive: if at least one Eastern church accepts the book it is included here. 
==Tanakh, Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible==
A table cell with an asterisk (*) indicates that a book is present but in a different order. Empty cells indicate that a book is absent from that canon.
The disputed books are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically (and possibly pejoratively in English) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text (also called the Tanakh or Miqra) and most modern Protestant Bibles. Catholic Christians, following the Canon of Trent, describe these books as deuterocanonical, meaning of "the second canon," while Greek Orthodox Christians, following the Synod of Jerusalem (1672), use the traditional name of anagignoskomena, meaning "that which is to be read." They are present in a few historic Protestant versions: the German Luther Bible included such books, as did the English 1611 King James Version.The foundational Thirty-Nine Articles of Anglicanism, in Article VI, asserts that these disputed books are not (to be) used "to establish any doctrine," but "read for example of life." Though the "Biblical apocrypha" are still used in Anglican Liturgy, ("Two of the hymns used in the American Prayer Book office of Morning Prayer, the Benedictus es and Benedicite, are taken from the Apocrypha. One of the offertory sentences in Holy Communion comes from an apocryphal book (Tob. 4: 8-9). Lessons from the Apocrypha are regularly appointed to be read in the daily, Sunday, and special services of Morning and Evening Prayer. There are altogether 111 such lessons in the latest revised American Prayer Book Lectionary [The books used are: II Esdras, Tobit, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, Three Holy Children, and I Maccabees.]" —The Apocrypha, Bridge of the Testaments), the modern trend has been to not even print the Old Testament apocrypha in editions of Anglican-used Bibles, the last English translation for the Biblical Apocrypha being the Revised Standard Version of 1957.
Note that this table uses current spellings of the NAB. Spellings of the 1609-1610 Douay-Rheims Bible describing the Catholic biblical canon were traslated different but the same books. In the spirit of ecumenism more recent Catholic translations, such as the 1970 are similar or identical spellings (e.g. 1 Chronicles) as Protestant Bibles in those books which are jointly considered canonical, i.e. the protocanonicals.
Tanakh (Jewish Bible) 	Protestant Old Testament	Catholic Old Testament 	Eastern Orthodox Old Testament 	Original Language
Torah or Instruction 	Pentateuch or Five Books	Pentateuch or Five Books 	Pentateuch or Five Books 	
Bereishit (In the beginning) 	Genesis 	Genesis 	Genesis 	Hebrew
Shemot (Names) 	Exodus 	Exodus 	Exodus 	Hebrew
Vayikra (And He called) 	Leviticus 	Leviticus 	Leviticus 	Hebrew
Bamidbar (In the wilderness) 	Numbers 	Numbers 	Numbers 	Hebrew
Devarim (Words) 	Deuteronomy 	Deuteronomy 	Deuteronomy 	Hebrew
Nevi'im or Prophets 	Historical books 	Historical books 	Historical books 	
Joshua 	Joshua 	Joshua 	Joshua 	Hebrew
Judges 	Judges 	Judges 	Judges 	Hebrew
see below 	Ruth 	Ruth 	Ruth 	Hebrew
Samuel 	1 Samuel 	1 Samuel 	1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms)Names in brackets are the Septuagint names and are often used by the Orthodox Christians. 	Hebrew
Samuel 	2 Samuel 	2 Samuel 	2 Samuel (2 Kingdoms) 	Hebrew
Kings 	1 Kings 	1 Kings 	1 Kings (3 Kingdoms) 	Hebrew
Kings 	2 Kings 	2 Kings 	2 Kings (4 Kingdoms) 	Hebrew
Chroniclessee below 	1 Chronicles 	1 Chronicles 	1 Chronicles 	Hebrew
Chroniclessee below 	2 Chronicles 	2 Chronicles 	2 Chronicles 	Hebrew
 	 	 	1 Esdras 	Greek (or Aramaic?)
Ezra (includes Nehemiah)see below 	Ezra 	Ezra 	Ezra (2 Esdras) Some Eastern Orthodox churches follow the Septuagint and the Hebrew bibles by considering the books of Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
Ezra (includes Nehemiah)see below 	Nehemiah 	Nehemiah 	Nehemiah (2 Esdras) 	Hebrew
 	 	Tobit 	Tobit 	Aramaic
 	 	Judith 	Judith 	Hebrew
see below 	Esther 	EstherThe Catholic and Orthodox Book of Esther includes 103 verses not in the Protestant Book of Esther. 	Esther 	Hebrew
 	 	1 MachabeesThe Latin Vulgate, Douay-Rheims, and Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition place First and Second Maccabees after Malachi; other Catholic translations place them after Esther. 	1 Maccabees 	Hebrew or Aramaic?
 	 	2 Machabees 	2 Maccabees 	Greek
 	 	 	3 Maccabees 	Greek
 	 	 	4 Maccabees 	Greek
 	Wisdom books 	Wisdom books 	Wisdom books 	
see below 	Job 	Job 	Job 	Hebrew
see below 	Psalms 	Psalms 	PsalmsEastern Orthodox churches include Psalm 151, not present in all canons. 	Hebrew
 	 	 	OdesThe Book of Odes includes the Prayer of Manasseh. This book is not present in the Catholic or Protestant Old Testaments. 	Hebrew(+Greek)
see below 	Proverbs 	Proverbs 	Proverbs 	Hebrew
see below 	Ecclesiastes 	Ecclesiastes 	Ecclesiastes 	Hebrew
see below 	Song of Solomon 	Song of Songs 	Song of Solomon 	Hebrew
 	 	Wisdom 	Wisdom 	Greek
 	 	Sirach 	Sirach 	Hebrew, then translated into Greek
 	Major prophets 	Major prophets 	Major prophets 	
Isaiah 	Isaiah 	Isaiah 	Isaiah 	Hebrew
Jeremiah 	Jeremiah 	Jeremiah 	Jeremiah 	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
see below 	Lamentations 	Lamentations 	Lamentations 	Hebrew
 	 	BaruchIn Catholic Bibles, Baruch includes a sixth chapter called the Letter of Jeremiah. Baruch is not in the Protestant Bible or the Tanakh. 	Baruch 	Hebrew Britannica 1911
 	 	BaruchIn Catholic Bibles, Baruch includes a sixth chapter called the Letter of Jeremiah. Baruch is not in the Protestant Bible or the Tanakh. 	Letter of JeremiahEastern Orthodox Bibles have the books of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah separate. 	Greek (or Hebrew?)New English Translation of the Septuagint
Ezekiel 	Ezekiel 	Ezekiel 	Ezekiel 	Hebrew
see below 	Daniel 	DanielIn Catholic and Orthodox Bibles, Daniel includes three sections not included in Protestant Bibles. The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children are included between Daniel 3:23-24. Susanna is included as Daniel 13. Bel and the Dragon is included as Daniel 14. These are not in the Protestant Old Testament.	Daniel 	Hebrew+Aramaic
 	Minor prophets 	Minor prophets 	Minor prophets 	
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Hosea 	Hosea 	Hosea 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Joel 	Joel 	Joel 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Amos 	Amos 	Amos 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Obadiah 	Obadiah 	Obadiah 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Jonah 	Jonah 	Jonah 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Micah 	Micah 	Micah 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Nahum 	Nahum 	Nahum 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Habakkuk 	Habakkuk 	Habakkuk 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Zephaniah 	Zephaniah 	Zephaniah 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Haggai 	Haggai 	Haggai 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Zechariah 	Zacharias 	Zechariah 	Hebrew
Trei Asar or Twelve 	Malachi 	Malachi 	Malachi 	Hebrew
Ketuvim or WritingsThese books are found among the historical and wisdom books of the Christian canons.	 	 	 	
Psalms 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Proverbs 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Job 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Song of Songs 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Ruth 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Lamentations 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Ecclesiastes 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Esther 	 	 	 	Hebrew
Daniel 	 	 	 	Hebrew+Aramaic
Ezra (includes Nehemiah) 	 	 	 	Hebrew(+Aramaic)
Chronicles 	 	 	 	Hebrew
 	 	see above 	1 Maccabees 	Hebrew or Aramaic?
 	 	see above 	2 Maccabees 	Greek
== New Testament ==
In general, among Christian denominations, the New Testament Canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books, although book order can vary.
Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox	Lutheran Bible 	Ethiopian Bible 	Original Language
Canonical Gospels 	Canonical Gospels 	Canonical Gospels 	Canonical Gospels
Matthew 	Matthew 	Matthew 	Greek (or perhaps Aramaic or Hebrew)Most scholars consider the Gospel of Matthew to have been written in Koine Greek, though some experts maintain the view that it was originally composed in Aramaic or Hebrew. See Wikipedia's Gospel of Matthew and New Testament articles.
Mark 	Mark 	Mark 	Greek
Luke 	Luke 	Luke 	Greek
John 	John 	John 	Greek
Apostolic History 	Apostolic History 	Apostolic History 	Apostolic History
Acts 	Acts 	Acts 	Greek
Pauline Epistles 	Pauline Epistles 	Pauline Epistles 	Pauline Epistles
Romans 	Romans 	Romans 	Greek
1 Corinthians 	1 Corinthians 	1 Corinthians 	Greek
2 Corinthians 	2 Corinthians 	2 Corinthians 	Greek
Galatians 	Galatians 	Galatians 	Greek
Ephesians 	Ephesians 	Ephesians 	Greek
Philippians 	Philippians 	Philippians 	Greek
Colossians 	Colossians 	Colossians 	Greek
1 Thessalonians 	1 Thessalonians 	1 Thessalonians 	Greek
2 Thessalonians 	2 Thessalonians 	2 Thessalonians 	Greek
1 Timothy 	1 Timothy 	1 Timothy 	Greek
2 Timothy 	2 Timothy 	2 Timothy 	Greek
Titus 	Titus 	Titus 	Greek
Philemon 	Philemon 	Philemon 	Greek
General Epistles 	General Epistles 	General Epistles 	General Epistles
Hebrews 	HebrewsThese four works were questioned or "spoken against" by Martin Luther, and he changed the order of his New Testament to reflect this, but he did not leave them out, nor has any Lutheran body since. Traditional German Luther Bibles are still printed with the New Testament in this changed "Lutheran" order.	Hebrews 	Greek (or Hebrew?)Contemporary scholars believe the Hebrews to have been written in Greek, though a minority believe it was originally written in Hebrew, then translated into Greek by Luke. See Wikipedia's New Testament article.
James 	James 	1 Peter 	Greek
1 Peter 	1 Peter 	2 Peter 	Greek
2 Peter 	2 Peter 	1 John 	Greek
1 John 	1 John 	2 John 	Greek
2 John 	2 John 	3 John 	Greek
3 John 	3 John 	James 	Greek
Jude 	Jude 	Jude 	Greek
Apocalypse 	Apocalypse 	Apocalypse 	Apocalypse
Book of Revelation 	Book of Revelation 	Book of Revelation	Greek
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few additional books in its canon: Jubilees, Book of Enoch, 4 Baruch along with three books of Meqabyan that are unique to their canon.
The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church include later translations of those books along with the Letter of Baruch (sometimes included as part of 2 Baruch). Still today the official lectionary followed by the Syrian Orthodox Church (with headquarters at Kottayam (Kerala), and the Chaldean Syriac Church, also known as the Church of the East (Nestorian), with headquarters at Trichur (Kerala)) presents lessons from only the twenty-two books of Peshitta, the version to which appeal is made for the settlement of doctrinal questions. 
The Third Epistle to the Corinthians and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs were once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible, but are no longer printed with modern editions.
=== Chart Notes ===
==Protestant Canon==
=== Old Testament ===
As defined by the Westminster Confession of Faith.
*Book of Genesis
*Book of Exodus
*Book of Leviticus
*Book of Numbers
*Book of Deuteronomy
*Book of Joshua
*Book of Judges
*Book of Ruth
*1 Samuel
*2 Samuel
*1 Kings
*2 Kings
*1 Chronicles
*2 Chronicles
*Book of Ezra
*Book of Nehemiah
*Book of Esther
*Book of Job
*Book of Psalms
*Book of Proverbs
*Book of Ecclesiastes
*Song of Solomon
*Book of Isaiah
*Book of Jeremiah
*Book of Lamentations
*Book of Ezekiel
*Book of Daniel
*Book of Hosea
*Book of Joel
*Book of Amos
*Book of Obadiah
*Book of Jonah
*Book of Micah
*Book of Nahum
*Book of Habakkuk
*Book of Zephaniah
*Book of Haggai
*Book of Zechariah
*Book of Malachi
=== New Testament ===
As defined by the Westminster Confession of Faith.
*Gospel of Matthew
*Gospel of Mark
*Gospel of Luke
*Gospel of John
*Acts of the Apostles
*Epistle to the Romans
*First Epistle to the Corinthians
*Second Epistle to the Corinthians
*Epistle to the Galatians
*Epistle to the Ephesians
*Epistle to the Philippians
*Epistle to the Colossians 
*First Epistle to the Thessalonians
*Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
*First Epistle to Timothy
*Second Epistle to Timothy
*Epistle to Titus
*Epistle to Philemon
*Epistle to the Hebrews
*Epistle of James
*First Epistle of Peter 
*Second Epistle of Peter 
*First Epistle of John
*Second Epistle of John
*Third Epistle of John
*Epistle of Jude
*Book of Revelation
=== Anglican Apocrypha ===
These are the Apocrypha as defined by the Thirty-nine Articles of Anglicanism to be "read for example of life" but not used "to establish any doctrine". Luther made a parallel statement in calling them: "not considered equal to the Holy Scriptures, but are useful and good to read."The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopædia and Scriptural Dictionary, Fully Defining and Explaining All Religious Terms, Including Biographical, Geographical, Historical, Archæological and Doctrinal Themes, p.521, edited by Samuel Fallows et al, The Howard-Severance company, 1901,1910. - Google Books These books are listed in the order of the 1611 KJV, which closely follows the order of the Vulgate. 
*3 Esdras (1 Esdras)
*4 Esdras (2 Esdras)
*Tobit
*Judith
*Additions to Esther
*Wisdom of Solomon
*Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)
*Baruch with the Letter of Jeremiah
*Song of the Three Young Men and Prayer of Azariah
*Story of Susanna
*Bel and the Dragon
*Prayer of Manasseh
*1 Maccabees
*2 Maccabees
==See also==
*Bible
*Apocrypha
*Deuterocanonical books
*Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible
*Bible citation
*Biblical canon
*Judaism
*Christianity
*Major prophets
*Minor prophets
*Authors of the Bible
*Antilegomena
==Notes==
==External links==
* Old Testament Reading Room & New Testament Reading Room: Extensive online resources for biblical studies (Tyndale Seminary)
* The Canon of Scripture – a Catholic perspective
* Table of Tanakh Books - includes Latin, English, Hebrew and abbreviated names (from Tel Aviv University).
* Judaica Press Translation - Online Jewish translation of the books of the Bible. The Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary.
* Slavonic Bible
* Books of the Apocrypha (from the UMC)
* Western Armenian Bible (an essay, with full official canon at the end)
Category:Jewish texts
Category:Bible
Category:New Testament
Category:Old Testament
Category:Christian Biblical canon
Category:Christian terms
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