Nepal

In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. An insurgency led by Maoist extremists broke out in 1996. The ensuing ten-year civil war between insurgents and government forces witnessed the dissolution of the cabinet and parliament and assumption of absolute power by the king. Several weeks of mass protests in April 2006 were followed by several months of peace negotiations between the Maoists and government officials, and culminated in a November 2006 peace accord and the promulgation of an interim constitution. Following a nation-wide election in April 2008, the newly formed Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a federal democratic republic and abolished the monarchy at its first meeting the following month. The Constituent Assembly elected the country's first president in July. The Maoists, who received a plurality of votes in the Constituent Assembly election, formed a coalition government in August 2008, but resigned in May 2009 after the president overruled a decision to fire the chief of the army staff.
==Economical characteristics==
* Currency: Nepalese Rupee (ISO code: NPR)
* Central bank discount rate: 6.5% (31 December 2009)
* Commercial banks lending rate: NA%
* Stock of money (M1): $2.53 billion (31 July 2009)
* Quasi money (with M1 makes M2): $7.49 billion (1 April 2009)
===Statistics===
Statistic / Year 	1999 	2000 	2001 	2002 	2003 	2004 	2005 	2006 	2007 	2008
GDP (million USD)World Bank. "Nepal: GDP", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30. 	5 034 	5 494 	5 596 	6 051 	6 330 	7 274 	8 130 	9 074 	10 283	12 615
Govt. debt (% of GDP)World Bank. "Nepal: government debt", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30. 	64.068	64.573	63.327	63.935	62.588	59.416	51.765	49.689	42.958	43.653
Govt. revenue (% of GDP)World Bank. "Nepal: government revenue", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30. 	10.149	10.620	11.220	10.503	10.905	11.138	11.548	10.744	11.863	12.259
Govt. expenses (% of GDP)World Bank. "Nepal: government expenses", from World Bank Data. Referenced 2010-09-30.	 	 	 	 	 	14.596	15.063	 	 	
Debt to revenue (years) 	6.313 	6.080 	5.644 	6.087 	5.739 	5.335 	4.483 	4.625 	3.621 	3.561
==References==
Note: statistical data was rounded. Different sources may use different methodologies for their estimates. Debt to revenue is calculated by dividing the two variables from their original ('unrounded') values. It represents how long it would a government take to repay its entire debt if it used its whole revenue for this purpose.
==External links==
* Nepal on Wikipedia
* Central bank of Nepal
* Country profile (pdf) from the Enterprise Studies page (part of the The World Bank Group)
* Studies from the Library of Congress (1986-1998)
* BBC country profile
Category:Countries