Sunscythian Language

Classical Sunscythian Language or Htauhl'zè /'htawl̥:ze/ is the extinct language of ancient human tribes which used to live on the shores of the Bay of Rhahle. It is known to be the last common ancestor of all languages in the Sunscythic Languages Family. Its descendants, such as Lashe Felse, Ràl, Râşduranŷn, Kasdior and others are widely used on the whole Eastern Continent of Delthoria, from the Southwestern Peninsula, throughout the Great Grasslands, the Northcoast and even the Northeastern Riverlands.
== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
Place → 	Labial 	Coronal 	Coronal 	Coronal 	Dorsal 	Dorsal 	Dorsal 	Glottal
Manner ↓ 	Labial 	Dental 	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar 	Uvular 	Glottal
Nasal 	m̥ ⟨hm⟩ m	 	n̥ ⟨hn⟩ n	 	 	 	 	
Plosive 	p b 	 	t d 	 	 	k g 	q ɢ ⟨q̇⟩	
Affricate 	 	 	ts 	 	 	 	 	
Fricative 	f v 	θ ⟨th⟩ ð ⟨dh⟩	s z 	ʃ ⟨sh⟩ ʒ ⟨zh⟩	 	x ⟨kh⟩ ɣ ⟨gh⟩	 	h
Approximant	 	 	l̥ ⟨hl⟩ l	 	j 	w 	 	
Trill 	 	 	r 	 	 	 	 	
Additionaly, geminates are marked with ⟨'⟩, eg. hl' /l̥l̥/ t' /tt/
=== Vowels ===
Backness →	Front	Back
Height ↓ 	Front	Back
Close 	i 	u
Near-close	ɪ ⟨ı⟩	
Close-mid 	e ⟨è⟩	o ⟨ò⟩
Open-mid 	ɛ ⟨e⟩	ɔ ⟨o⟩
Open 	a 	ɑ ⟨â⟩
=== Stress ===
Stress in Sunscythian falls mostly on the last syllable when it ends with a consonant (naqèhn - sword; ehlghâr - tree), or on the penultimate syllable when the last one ends with a vowel (lâzhè - tongue; khèhnvè - heart).
== Grammar & Syntax ==
=== Syntax ===
The standard word order is S-V-O. Sunscythian is mostly head-initial, as adjectives follow the modified noun, the possessor comes after the possesse and adpositions are postpositional, but can be placed differently, depending on the context and speaker's intentions.
=== Nouns ===
Nouns in Htauhl'zè decline for case and number. The number is indicated by a particle before or after the noun: dual pa, paucal fe or plural mi. The cases used are: 
- absolutive - marks the subject of an intransitive and the object of a transitive sentence; 
- ergative - marks the agent of a transitive verb, created by changing the stressed vowel V to a Vj ⟨Vi⟩ diphthong; 
- genitive - marks the possession of something and is used with negations, created by changing the stressed vowel V to a Vw ⟨Vu⟩ diphthong; 
Case → 	Absolutive 	Ergative 	Genitive
Number ↓	Absolutive 	Ergative 	Genitive
Singular	lâzhè /lɑʒe/ 	lâizhè /lɑjʒe/ 	lâuzhè /lɑwʒe/
Dual 	lâzhè-pa /lɑʒe pa/	lâizhè-pe /lɑjʒe pɛ/	lâuzhè-pâ /lɑwʒe pɑ/
Paucal 	lâzhè-fe /lɑʒe fɛ/	lâizhè-fè /lɑjʒe fe/	lâuzhè-fo /lɑwʒe fɔ/
Plural 	lâzhè-mı /lɑʒe mɪ/	lâizhè-mi /lɑjʒe mi/	lâuzhè-mu /lɑwʒe mu/
=== Pronouns ===
Case → 	Absolutive 	Ergative 	Genitive
Number ↓	1st Person Pronouns	1st Person Pronouns	1st Person Pronouns
Singular	li /li/ 	lij /lij/ 	liu /liw/
Dual 	lipa /lipa/ 	lijpe /lijpɛ/ 	liupâ /liwpɑ/
Paucal 	life /lifɛ/ 	lijfè /lijfe/ 	liufo /liwfɔ/
Plural 	limı /limɪ/ 	lijmi /lijmi/ 	liumu /liwmu/
 	2nd Person Pronouns	2nd Person Pronouns	2nd Person Pronouns
Singular	gè /ge/ 	gèj /gej/ 	gèu /gew/
Dual 	gèpa /gepa/ 	gèipe /gejpɛ/ 	gèupâ /gewpɑ/
Paucal 	gèfe /gefɛ/ 	gèifè /gejfe/ 	gèufo /gewfɔ/
Plural 	gèmı /gemɪ/ 	gèimi /gejmi/ 	gèumu /gewmu/
 	3rd Person Pronouns	3rd Person Pronouns	3rd Person Pronouns
Singular	hna /n̥a/ 	hnaj /n̥aj/ 	hnau /n̥aw/
Dual 	hnapa /n̥apa/ 	hnaipe /n̥ajpɛ/ 	hnaupâ /n̥awpɑ/
Paucal 	hnafe /n̥afɛ/ 	hnaifè /n̥ajfe/ 	hnaufo /n̥awfɔ/
Plural 	hnamı /n̥amɪ/ 	hnaimi /n̥ajmi/ 	hnaumu /n̥awmu/
=== Verbs ===
Sunscythian verbs conjugate for tense (present, past, remote past), aspect (imperfective and perfective - only in past tenses) and person. Present tense is used for indicating current or changing actions, feelings, desires, and dynamic occurances, eg. Lij wedhudh iloh-mı (I love dogs). Near Past tenses indicate actions happening before the moment of speaking - the imperfective aspect shows that the action was not completed or its effects are still visible, and the perfective aspect specifies that the action was finished and its entirety remains in the past. Remote Past tense in the perfective aspect is used for informing about events that happened before the current narrative's timeframe or were not observed by the speaker directly, but are known to be completed. Apart of its standard functions, Remote Past tense in the imperfective aspect is used for indicating one's state or habits, fundamental truths, rules and beliefs.
Tense → 	Present 	Past 	Past 	Remote Past 	Remote Past
Person ↓	Present 	Imperfective 	Perfective 	Imperfective 	Perfective
1st 	pamith /pamiθ/ 	pamabi /pamabi/	pameb /pamɛp/ 	pam'ıbi /pammɪbi/ 	pamiv /pamif/
1st 	wedhudh /wɛðuð/	wedhab /wɛðab/ 	wedhob /wɛðɔb/	wedh'ubu /wɛððubu/	wedhuv /wɛðuv/
1st 	tumith /tumiθ/ 	tumi /tumi/ 	tumeb /tumɛb/ 	tum'ıbu /tummɪbu/ 	tumiv /tumiv/
1st 	quqith /quqiθ/ 	quqi /quqi/ 	quqeb /quqɛb/ 	quq'ıbu /quqqɪbu/ 	quqiv /quqiv/
2nd 	pamès /pames/ 	pamadè/pamade/ 	pamed /pamɛt/ 	pam'edè /pammɛde/ 	pamèdh /pameθ/
2nd 	wedhuz /wɛðuz/ 	wedhad /wɛðad/ 	wedhod /wɛðɔd/	wedh'odò /wɛððɔdo/	wedhòdh /wɛðoð/
2nd 	tumès /tumes/ 	tumè /tume/ 	tumed /tumɛd/ 	tum'edò /tummɛdo/ 	tumèdh /tumeð/
2nd 	quqès /quqes/ 	quqè /quqe/ 	quqed /quqɛd/ 	quq'edò /quqqɛdo/ 	quqèdh /quqeð/
3rd 	pamash /pamaʃ/ 	pamaga /pamaga/	pameg /pamɛk/ 	pam'ega /pammɛɡa/ 	pamagh /pamax/
3rd 	wedhuzh /wɛðuʒ/	wedhag /wɛðag/ 	wedhog /wɛðɔg/	wedh'ogâ /wɛððɔgɑ/	wedhâgh /wɛðɑɣ/
3rd 	tumash /tumaʃ/ 	tuma /tuma/ 	tumeg /tumɛg/ 	tum'egâ /tummɛgɑ/ 	tumagh /tumaɣ/
3rd 	quqash /quqaʃ/ 	quqa /quqa/ 	quqeg /quqɛg/ 	quq'egâ /quqqɛgɑ/ 	quqagh /quqaɣ/
Category:Languages