Syndicalisme

Medievi, un "syndic" (ex hellen σύνδικος) est semanghen maimour med defende ia interesses uns grupp; ids bungos, id "syndicat", emt ye id XIXt secule id maynen uns orbaterorganisation quod swekwehrt id defense tim wehrgers. Syndicalisme kweit id model os orbateraction keihnd ep id skeipen om syndicats. 
==Un consequence ios Industrial Revolution==
Syndicalisme est id moderne forme ios orbatermovment. Pre id Industrial Revolution, fabricature eet id fact uns artisanat quer un bes (is mayster) wohrgit con oik orbaters kalt "gasalls". Medievi hat-se tod artisanat organisen do "kerdsa" wa "sinfa"; lakin id esnaf structure eet oligarchic ed id access do id maysterses bihvso stets meis difficil ibs gasalls, toy skip secret societats quom members recognihr mutu med gnohmens ed un commun ritual. Ta "gasallspects", daydey banen ed clandestin, eent sammel associations om mutual khalassa, structures os defense iom orbaterinteressen ed un talimatsloco quer professional sagven eet transmiss. Gasallspect prehpt it ka id preindustrial forme ios orbatermovment. 
Obkwehct inadapten yant in-kap id Industrial Revolution. Id triumph iom liberal thesen dreibht quantloc id disparition ios esnaf organisation, ed bilhassa id tanken do mecanisen fabrics uns heterogene ed aunqualificationios mandover transformet profund-ye id buhsa ios orbatermilieu. Sei ia gasallspects hant surviven - yando tiel nundiens - in oika kerdsa, khakent oistructure uno movment os radical-ye nov type quod antslehncskwt ed quod liberal theoretics denunce ka un kyeim ei leudher wehrg iom Mercatsreuls. Syndicalisme vaht gnahe ex ta difficil conditions. 
 Robert Owen (1771-1858) eet un cumraeg social reformer ed oin im dehtors os utopic Socialisme ed ios cooperative movment. Is wohrg in id coton industrie in Manchester pre dehmihes uno mier molinum in New Lanark in Alba. In 1824, Owen siefer do America kay investe id major part os sien bayga do un experimental 1000-members colonia ep id ouper os Indianas Wabash River dohlg-yod ses un utopic colonia.
==Id ban om coalitions==
Id doctrine ios "sines kwehre, sines passe", quod dominet id prest Industrial Revolution, ayt cada organisation os orbaterdefense ka un "coalition", med alya werds un occult boidos kyeimskwnd leudher orbat edghi id leudher waldh os economia. Ye id end ios XVIIIt secule, Stats permeide assimilend-ye cada coalition uni infraction : id loi le Chapelier (1791) in France, in-kap id Revolution; ia Combination Acts (1800) in Grand Britain. 
Tod liberal schengkjien est extreme-ye ryowkhowo dia employers ed lasst orbaters alnos aundefense. Expliet od ti trehve solution tik in gvalt : destructions iom machines accuset ob klehpte id orbat - luddisme, it namt ob tod agos eetwert anadehn fulani frontasch Ned Ludd -, strayks qua degenere do cruoric hangamahs. Id repression est semper implacable : est oistohmen ab id loy ed id samstehmen im "honeste leuds", qui prompt-ye aye i orbaters im mines ed fabrics ka un "dangereus classe". 
Lakin vocs leude, unte ia 1820-1830tias, kay denunce id misere ed id inhuman condition ios industrial proletariat, tem quem id hypocrisis ios liberal postulat quod ayt tem staur quem mutu employer ed employeit. Is fabricant Owen in id Uniet Roydem, Flora Tristan ed Louis Blanc in France ghehldeihnt od est besonters neprabh, in tod societat quer exist neid forme os social imdadh, bane im orbaters organise med ir slab wassilas sem downgji structures. 
==Gnahsa iom moderne syndicats==
It vahnt, in Grand Britain, ia prest formes os association tyices iro recognition, ghyanend id via uni modification ios legislation. In 1824, ia Combination Acts bihnt aboliht. In 1829, id presto trade union biht creen, tod im cotonspehners, sohkwn in 1831 ab tod im miners, sleurt-yod un strayk. Sub id seuwen os Owen, theoretic os cooperativisme, ia Unions, qua multiplient-se, federe-se do id Grand National Consolidated Trade Union, nert med 500 000 members. In 1835, id federation tentet un general strayk, quod deuyst, ed id syndical action se transformet do politic jidal med id redaction ios People's Charter, quod demandet democratia. Id consequent agitation ed id final deuysen os chartisme in 1848 discreditise id yun syndical movment.
Quando rewardht, ab 1851, tun est ep id base om unions om qualifiet, bedarst ed legaliste orbaters, refusend politic homologhia ed privilegend tolk uper strayk - id prest Union est id unien syndicat iom mecanisten. Bad tadrijan, pos 1875, dank id sehnken iom skolts, ghyahsiet tod dwoto trade-unionism ad non-qualifien orbaters. Ye tod zaman, sammelt meis quem 1 200 000 members ed tem quem id Stat quem ies besi id aynt un serieus partner. Ids action gehnt ne tik sem important social perodhias, sontern unschi druv politic education ios britisch proletariat quod adducsiet, in-kap id XXt secule, id creation ios Labour Party. 
In France, id ban iom "coalitions" duret diuter ed tehrpt bihe intizarto tiel id Dwoter Empire hina biht autoriset ab Napoleon III id creation om chambres ouvrières, genis proto-syndical organisation. In 1864, is Cesar conceddt id straykrect, yed sessiet id Trit Respublic quod siet autorise, med id Loi Waldeck-Rousseau id skeipen om druv syndicats (1884). 
In Deutschland, biht permidt pro orbaterassociations in Preussen ed Saxen pre 1870; yed, pos id 1871 deutsch oinascen, isge cancellar Bismarck legaliset ia syndicats, isghi vergeihskwt cada revolutionaro drift. In ia USA, id American Federation of Labor wardht in 1886. 
Tadrijanghi, unte dwoter dwidel ios XIXt secule biht recogniht id syndical rect in pleist industrielands. Daht im orbaters id rect os se aurihes, eti ibs national federations mox addeihnt-se relations yuct uper ia grances ed qua endervideihnt id prospect uns unitar action ye id maschtab ios hol industrial mund : in 1913, un international syndical Federation biht creen. Mund Weir Oin, id sprehngen ios orbatermovment sekwos id Russian revolution upergeihnt tod illusion : id syndicalisme ios XXt secule sessiet pluraliste. It biht iskwn dar meis akster-ye id werd idsen relations con ia politic partises ed ideologias.
==Syndicalisme ed politic action==
Yant id se enplacet, syndicalisme, organisen forme ios orbatermovment, biht confrontet ibs ideologias qua advoque id emancipation ios proletariat. Dehlct id remane independent ? Dehlct id se assocye ibs movments quom objectives sont prokwem idsa ? Dehlct id hatta se supodehe, bihe, kam vanscht Lenin (1870-1924), un "transmissionsresmen" iom directives ios partise ? 
Id convergence iom ideologic ziels, id personal homologhia im militants contribuent anghe diemens. Sei, in ia lands om Nord ed Medyum Europe, id alliance con ia socialdemocrat partises est id prabhil, id syndicalisme os Latin Europe est ops influencet ab libertar Anarchisme. Appareiht kathalika, sekwos id encyclic De Rerum Novarum ab Papp Leo XIII (1891), ka un Christian syndicalisme.
In France, in 1906, id Charte d'Amiens tentet definihes un independence iom syndicats binisbat ia partises, bet to ne changet jecto de id fact od, in druve, id orbatermovment wehst in harmonia con ia socialiste programmes. In id Uniet Roydem ia-pet trade unions oismyehrnt id creation ios Labor Partise. Id sprehngen ios socialiste Internationale, sekwos id Russian Revolution, hat ka fauric corollar tod iom syndical confederations. 
Lakin different ia actionsmodus. Id ziel pleisten syndicats remant id kayjinen iom conditions om orbat ed salair. Tod est un fauric keupen quod ne impliet id necessar tamhide uns transformation iom social sibias ed iom productionsmodus. 
Kay ses efficient, syndicalisme dehlct prehpe im besims ed ei Stat ka un credible comtolker; itak, hatta pos sakht jidals, idso ziel dehlct remane negociation ed ne revolution, id enplacen om playcts samt concret mathmoun ed ne id riawdals om ideologic a-prioris. Also, esdi stehmt id action reformisten, yando revolutionaren partisen, syndicalisme viskeult semper se distance ud ia ed bevide sien difference.
Category:Historia
Category:Economia
Category:Societat