List of papal elections

This is a list of papal elections since 1059. Since the promulgation of In Nomine Domini (1059), which limited suffrage to the College of Cardinals, there have been 112 papal elections or conclaves that have produced popes currently recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as legitimate. Prior to 1059, there was no fixed process for papal succession, and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointed.
A papal conclave is a papal election that follows a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi Perculum (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied between 1276 and 1294, but since 1294 all papal elections have followed relatively similar conclave procedures. 
Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only six elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace, Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (Oct. 1187), Pisa (Dec. 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, Aug.–Sept. 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (Jan. 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799-1800). 
:Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
==1059–1100==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal election, 1061	Pope Alexander II	San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 19-24.
Papal election, 1073	Pope Gregory VII 	San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 24-25.
Papal election, 1086	Pope Victor III 	S. Lucia in Sepitisolio (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 25-26.
Papal election, 1088	Pope Urban II 	SS. Pietro e Cesareo (Terracina)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26.
Papal election, 1099	Pope Paschal II 	Basilica di San Clemente (Rome) 	
==1100–1200==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal election, 1118 	Pope Gelasius II 	Benedictine monastery on Palatine Hill (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 26-27.
Papal election, 1119 	Pope Callixtus II 	Cluny Abbey (France) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 27-28.
Papal election, 1124 	Pope Honorius II 	San Pancrazio (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 28-29.
Papal election, 1130 	Pope Innocent II 	SS. Andrea e Gregorio in clivo scauri (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 29-31.
Papal election, 1130 	Antipope Anacletus II	San Marco (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 29-31.
Papal election, 1143 	Pope Celestine II 	Lateran Basilica (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31.
Papal election, 1144 	Pope Lucius II 	(Rome) 	
Papal election, 1145 	Pope Eugene III 	San Cesareo in Palatio (Rome) 	
Papal election, 1153 	Pope Anastasius IV 	(Rome) 	
Papal election, 1154 	Pope Adrian IV 	Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 31-32.
Papal election, 1159 	Pope Alexander III 	Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 32-33.
Papal election, 1159 	Antipope Victor IV 	Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 32-33.
Papal election, 1181 	Pope Lucius III 	(Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33.
Papal election, 1185 	Pope Urban III 	(Verona) 	
Papal election, October 1187 	Pope Gregory VIII 	(Ferrara) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 33-34.
Papal election, December 1187	Pope Clement III 	(Pisa) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34.
Papal election, 1191 	Pope Celestine III 	(Rome) 	
Papal election, 1198 	Pope Innocent III 	Septizodium (Rome) 	
==1200–1300==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal election, 1216 	Pope Honorius III 	Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) 	
Papal election, 1227 	Pope Gregory IX 	Septizodium (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 34-35.
Papal election, 1241 	Pope Celestine IV 	Septizodium (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35.
Papal election, 1243 	Pope Innocent IV 	(Anagni) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35-36.
Papal election, 1254 	Pope Alexander IV 	(Naples) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36.
Papal election, 1261 	Pope Urban IV 	Cathedral of San Lorenzo (Viterbo) 	
Papal election, 1264–1265 	Pope Clement IV 	Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 36-37.
Papal election, 1268–1271 	Pope Gregory X 	Cathedral of San Lorenzo (Viterbo)Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 37-39.
Papal conclave, January 1276 	Pope Innocent V 	Ss. Donato e Pietro (Arezzo) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40.
Papal conclave, July 1276 	Pope Adrian V 	Basilica of St. John Lateran 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 40-41.Walsh, Michael J. (2003). The Conclave. ISBN 158051135X. p. 86
Papal election, September 1276	Pope John XXI 	Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 41.
Papal election, 1277 	Pope Nicholas III 	Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) 	
Papal election, 1280–1281 	Pope Martin IV 	Palazzo dei Papi (Viterbo) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42.
Papal election, 1285 	Pope Honorius IV 	Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 42-43.
Papal election, 1287–1288 	Pope Nicholas IV 	Corte Savella, near Santa Sabina (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43.
Papal election, 1292–1294 	Pope Celestine V 	Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (Rome)Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome)Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 43-45.
Papal conclave, 1294 	Pope Boniface VIII	Castel Nuovo (Naples) 	Baumgatner, 2003, pp. 45-46.
==1300–1400==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, 1303 	Pope Benedict XI 	Basilica of St. John Lateran (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 47-48.
Papal conclave, 1304–1305 	Pope Clement V 	Palazzo delle Canoniche (Perugia) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 48-49.
Papal conclave, 1314–1316 	Pope John XXII 	Apostolic palace in CarpentrasDominican house in Lyon	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 49-50.
Papal conclave, 1334 	Pope Benedict XII 	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 50-51.
Papal conclave, 1342 	Pope Clement VI 	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 51.
Papal conclave, 1352 	Pope Innocent VI 	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 52-53.
Papal conclave, 1362 	Pope Urban V 	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54.
Papal conclave, 1370 	Pope Gregory XI 	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 54-55.
Papal conclave, 1378 	Pope Urban VI 	Old St. Peter's Basilica (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 55-60.
Avignon papal conclave, 1378	Antipope Clement VII 	Fondi 	
Papal conclave, 1389 	Pope Boniface IX 	(Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 60-61.
Avignon papal conclave, 1394	Antipope Benedict XIII	Palais des Papes (Avignon) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 61.
==1400–1500==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, 1404 	Pope Innocent VII 	(Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62.
Papal conclave, 1406 	Pope Gregory XII 	(Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 62-63.
Council of Pisa (1409) 	Antipope Alexander V 	(Pisa) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63.
Pisan papal conclave, 1410 	Antipope John XXIII 	San Petronio Basilica (Bologna) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 63-64.
Council of Constance (1417) 	Pope Martin V 	Konstanz Minster (Konstanz) 	Baumgatner, 2003, pp. 64-66.
Avignon papal conclave, 1423	Antipope Clement VIII	Peñíscola 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 67.
Papal conclave, 1431 	Pope Eugene IV 	Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 68-69.Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: 322-326.
Council of Florence (1439) 	Antipope Felix V 	Basel Münster 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 69.
Papal conclave, 1447 	Pope Nicholas V 	Santa Maria sopra Minerva (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 70.
Papal conclave, 1455 	Pope Callixtus III 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 71-73.
Papal conclave, 1458 	Pope Pius II 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 73-77."Plus II's election was the second to take place in the Vatican palace, which has been the site for all but six conclaves since then." Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181.
Papal conclave, 1464 	Pope Paul II 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)Capella Parva (voting)Capella Magna (cardinals' cells)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 77-79.
Papal conclave, 1471 	Pope Sixtus IV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 79-81.
Papal conclave, 1484 	Pope Innocent VIII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 81-83.
Papal conclave, 1492 	Pope Alexander VI 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 84-85.
==1500–1600==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, September 1503	Pope Pius III 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 86-89.
Papal conclave, October 1503 	Pope Julius II 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 89.
Papal conclave, 1513 	Pope Leo X 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 91-93.
Papal conclave, 1521–1522 	Pope Adrian VI 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 95-98.
Papal conclave, 1523 	Pope Clement VII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 98-101.
Papal conclave, 1534 	Pope Paul III 	Capella Parva (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 102-103.
Papal conclave, 1549–1550 	Pope Julius III 	Cappella Paolina (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 104-110.
Papal conclave, April 1555 	Pope Marcellus II	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 111-112.
Papal conclave, May 1555 	Pope Paul IV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 112-113.
Papal conclave, 1559 	Pope Pius IV 	Capella Paolina (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 116-120.
Papal conclave, 1565–1566 	Pope Pius V 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 121-123.
Papal conclave, 1572 	Pope Gregory XIII	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 125-126.
Papal conclave, 1585 	Pope Sixtus V 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 127-130.
Papal conclave, September 1590	Pope Urban VII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 132-134.
Papal conclave, Autumn 1590 	Pope Gregory XIV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 134-135.
Papal conclave, 1591 	Pope Innocent IX 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136.
Papal conclave, 1592 	Pope Clement VIII	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 136-138.
==1600–1700==
thumb|right|All but six papal conclaves since 1455 have been held in the Apostolic Palace.
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, March 1605	Pope Leo XI 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 139-142.
Papal conclave, May 1605 	Pope Paul V 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 142.
Papal conclave, 1621 	Pope Gregory XV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 143-145.
Papal conclave, 1623 	Pope Urban VIII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 147-149.
Papal conclave, 1644 	Pope Innocent X 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 153-154.
Papal conclave, 1655 	Pope Alexander VII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 155-157.
Papal conclave, 1667 	Pope Clement IX 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 157-159.
Papal conclave, 1669–1670 	Pope Clement X 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 159-161.
Papal conclave, 1676 	Pope Innocent XI 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 161-162.
Papal conclave, 1689 	Pope Alexander VIII	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 163-164.
Papal conclave, 1691 	Pope Innocent XII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 164-166.
==1700–1800==
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, 1700 	Pope Clement XI 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, p. 167.
Papal conclave, 1721 	Pope Innocent XIII	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 168-170.
Papal conclave, 1724 	Pope Benedict XIII	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 170-171.
Papal conclave, 1730 	Pope Clement XII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 171-173.
Papal conclave, 1740 	Pope Benedict XIV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 173-175.
Papal conclave, 1758 	Pope Clement XIII 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 175-176.
Papal conclave, 1769 	Pope Clement XIV 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 176-178.
Papal conclave, 1774–1775	Pope Pius VI 	Apostolic Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 179-180.
Papal conclave, 1799–1800	Pope Pius VII 	San Giorgio Monastery (Venice)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 182-184.
==Since 1800==
thumb|right|The Quirinal Palace was the site of the four conclaves prior to the seizure of Rome by the forces of the Italian unification.
Election 	Elected Pope 	Location 	Ref
Papal conclave, 1823 	Pope Leo XII 	Quirinal Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 186-187.
Papal conclave, 1829 	Pope Pius VIII 	Quirinal Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 188-189.
Papal conclave, 1830–1831 	Pope Gregory XVI 	Quirinal Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 189-190.
Papal conclave, 1846 	Pope Pius IX 	Quirinal Palace (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 191-193.
Papal conclave, 1878 	Pope Leo XIII 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 195-199.
Papal conclave, 1903 	Pope Pius X 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 201-204.
Papal conclave, 1914 	Pope Benedict XV 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 206-208.
Papal conclave, 1922 	Pope Pius XI 	Sistine Chapel (Rome) 	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 209-210.
Papal conclave, 1939 	Pope Pius XII 	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 212-213.
Papal conclave, 1958 	Pope John XXIII 	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 215-218.
Papal conclave, 1963 	Pope Paul VI 	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 219-222.
Papal conclave, August 1978 	Pope John Paul I 	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 223-227.
Papal conclave, October 1978	Pope John Paul II	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 227-223.
Papal conclave, 2005 	Pope Benedict XVI	Sistine Chapel (Vatican City)	Greeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0316861499.Weigel, George. 2005. God's Choice: Pope Benedict XVI and the Future of the Catholic Church. HarperCollins. ISBN 0066213312.Allen, John L., Jr. 2005. The Rise of Benedict XVI: The inside story of how the pope was elected and where it will take the Catholic Church. Doubleday Religion. ISBN 0385513208.
==Notes==
==References==
*Baumgartner, Frederic J. 2003. Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
==External links==
*Papal elections and conclaves by century menu page – from Salvador Miranda's The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church site – includes lists of all known to have attended each conclave.
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Papal conclaves
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