Peerage of Scotland

The Peerage of Scotland (; ) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created.
Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in the ancient Parliament of Scotland. After the Union, the Peers of the old Parliament of Scotland elected 16 Scottish representative peers to sit in the House of Lords at Westminster. The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers the right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain), when the House of Lords Act 1999 received the Royal Assent.
Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds the earldom of Newburgh), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots law permits peerages to be inherited by or through a person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later.Lauderdale Peerage Claim, House of Lords, 1884–1885
The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament, Viscount, Earl, Marquess and Duke. Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still use "of".
The Peerage of Scotland differs from those of England and Ireland in that its lowest rank is not that of baron. In Scotland, "baron" is a rank within the Baronage of Scotland, considered noble but not a peer, approximately equivalent to a baron in some continental countries. The Scottish equivalent to the English or Irish baron is a Lord of Parliament. Barons in Scotland were historically feudal barons until 2004, when a change in Scottish law abolished the feudal system. This reform "expressly preserves the dignity of baron... and any other dignity or office, whether or not of feudal origin," converting feudal titles into non-territorial dignities—personal titles no longer attached to the land, including the quality, precedence, and heraldic rights pertaining.
In the following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics.
==Extant dukedoms==
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* 
Shield	Title 	Creation 	Other Dukedom or higher titles 	Title used in the House of Lords prior to the Peerage Act 1963 	Monarch
 	The Duke of Rothesay 	1398 	Since 1603, usually Prince of Wales as the heir to the throneDuke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England.	Since 1603, usually Prince of Wales as the heir to the throneDuke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England.	King Robert III
 	The Duke of Hamilton 	12 September 1643	 	Duke of Brandon 	King Charles I
 	The Duke of Buccleuch 	20 April 1663 	 	Earl of Doncaster 	King Charles II
 	The Duke of Lennox 	9 September 1675 	Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England. 	Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England. 	King Charles II
 	The Duke of Queensberry	3 February 1684 	Duke of Buccleuch in the Peerage of Scotland. 	Duke of Buccleuch in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King Charles II
 	The Duke of Argyll 	23 June 1701 	 	Duke of Argyll 	King William III and II
 	The Duke of Argyll 	23 June 1701 	 	Baron Sundridge 	King William III and II
 	The Duke of Argyll 	23 June 1701 	 	Baron Hamilton of Hameldon 	King William III and II
 	The Duke of Atholl 	30 January 1703 	 	 	Queen Anne
 	The Duke of Montrose 	24 April 1707 	 	Earl Graham 	Queen Anne
 	The Duke of Roxburghe 	25 April 1707 	 	Earl Innes 	Queen Anne
==Extant marquessates==
Shield	Title 	Creation 	Other Marquessate or higher titles	Title used in the House of Lords prior to the Peerage Act 1963	Monarch
 	The Marquess of Huntly 	17 April 1599 	 	Baron Meldrum 	King James VI and I
 	The Marquess of Queensberry	11 February 1682	 	 	King Charles II
 	The Marquess of Tweeddale 	17 December 1694	 	Baron Tweeddale 	King William III and II
 	The Marquess of Lothian 	23 June 1701 	 	Baron Ker of Kersehugh 	King William III and II
==Extant earldoms==
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Shield	Title 	Creation 	Other Earldom or higher titles 	Title used in the House of Lords prior to the Peerage Act 1963	Monarch
 	The Earl of Sutherland 	1230 	 	 	King Alexander II
 	The Earl of Crawford 	21 April 1398 	 	Baron Wigan 	King Robert II
 	The Earl of Mar 	1404 	 	 	King Robert III
 	The Earl of Erroll 	12 June 1452 	 	 	King James II
 	The Earl of Caithness 	28 August 1455 	 	 	King James II
 	The Earl of Rothes 	20 March 1457 	 	 	King James II
 	The Earl of Morton 	14 Mar 1458 	 	 	King James II
 	The Earl of Buchan 	1469 	 	Baron Erskine 	King James III
 	The Earl of Eglinton 	3 January 1507 	 	Earl of Winton 	King James III
 	The Earl of Eglinton 	3 January 1507 	 	Baron Ardrossan 	King James IV
 	The Earl of Moray 	30 January 1562 	 	Baron Stuart 	Queen Mary I
 	The Earl of Mar 	22 July 1565 	 	 	Queen Mary I
 	The Earl of Home 	4 March 1605 	 	Baron Douglas 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Perth 	4 March 1605 	 	 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne	10 July 1606 	 	Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne	10 July 1606 	 	Baron Bowes 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Haddington 	20 March 1619 	 	 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Kellie 	12 March 1619 	Earl of Mar (1565) in the Peerage of Scotland.	Earl of Mar (1565) in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Galloway 	19 September 1623	 	Baron Stewart of Garlies 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Lauderdale 	14 March 1624 	 	 	King James VI and I
 	The Earl of Lindsay 	8 May 1633 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Loudoun 	12 May 1633 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Kinnoull 	25 May 1633 	 	Baron Hay of Pedwardine 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Elgin 	21 June 1633 	 	Baron Elgin 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Wemyss 	25 June 1633 	 	Baron Wemyss 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Dalhousie 	29 June 1633 	 	Baron Ramsay 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Airlie 	2 April 1639 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Leven 	11 October 1641 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Dysart 	3 August 1643 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Selkirk 	4 August 1646 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Northesk 	1 November 1647 	 	 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Kincardine 	26 December 1647 	Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland. 	Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King Charles I
 	The Earl of Balcarres 	9 January 1651 	Earl of Crawford in the Peerage of Scotland. 	Earl of Crawford in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Dundee 	8 September 1660 	 	Baron Glassary 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Newburgh 	31 December 1660 	 	 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Annandale and Hartfell 	23 April 1662 	 	 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Dundonald 	12 May 1669 	 	 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Kintore 	20 June 1677 	 	Viscount Stonehaven 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Kintore 	20 June 1677 	 	Baron Stonehaven 	King Charles II
 	The Earl of Dunmore 	16 August 1686 	 	 	King James VII and II
 	The Earl of Melville 	8 April 1690 	Earl of Leven in the Peerage of Scotland. 	Earl of Leven in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King William II and III
 	The Earl of Orkney 	3 January 1696 	 	 	King William II and III
 	The Earl of March 	20 April 1697 	Earl of Wemyss in the Peerage of Scotland. 	Earl of Wemyss in the Peerage of Scotland. 	King William II and III
 	The Earl of Seafield 	24 June 1701 	 	 	King William II and III
 	The Earl of Stair 	8 April 1703 	 	Baron Oxenfoord 	Queen Anne
 	The Earl of Rosebery 	10 April 1703 	 	Earl of Midlothian 	Queen Anne
 	The Earl of Rosebery 	10 April 1703 	 	Baron Rosebery 	Queen Anne
 	The Earl of Glasgow 	12 April 1703 	 	Baron Fairlie 	Queen Anne
 	 	 	 	 	Queen Anne
 	 	 	 	 	Queen Anne
==Extant viscountcies==
Shield	Title 	Creation 	Other Viscountcy or higher titles	Monarch
 	The Viscount Falkland 	10 November 1620	 	King James VI and I
 	The Viscount of Arbuthnott	16 November 1641	 	King Charles I
 	The Viscount of Oxfuird 	19 April 1651 	 	King Charles II
==Extant Lords of Parliament==
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Shield	Title 	Creation 	Other Lordship or higher titles 	Monarch
 	The Lord Forbes 	1442 	 	King James III
 	The Lord Gray 	1445 	 	King James III
 	The Lord Saltoun 	1445 	 	King James III
 	The Lord Sinclair 	1449 	 	King James III
 	The Lord Borthwick 	1452 	 	King James III
 	The Lord Lovat 	1464 	Baron Lovat 	King James III
 	The Lord Sempill 	1488 	 	King James IV
 	The Lord Herries 	1490 	 	King James IV
 	The Lord Elphinstone 	14 January 1510 	Baron Elphinstone 	King James IV
 	The Lord Torphichen 	24 January 1564 	 	Queen Mary I
 	The Lord Kinloss 	2 February 1602 	 	King James VI and I
 	The Lord Balfour of Burleigh 	16 July 1607 	 	King James VI and I
 	The Lord Dingwall 	8 June 1609 	Baron Lucas in the Peerage of England.	King James VI and I
 	The Lord Napier 	4 May 1627 	Baron Ettrick 	King Charles I
 	The Lord Fairfax of Cameron 	18 October 1627 	 	King Charles I
 	The Lord Reay 	20 June 1628 	 	King Charles I
 	The Lord Elibank 	18 March 1643 	 	King Charles I
 	The Lord Belhaven and Stenton	15 December 1647	 	King Charles I
 	The Lord Rollo 	10 January 1651 	Baron Dunning 	King Charles II
 	The Lord Polwarth 	26 December 1690	 	King William II and III
== See also ==
* The Scots Peerage, nine-volume book series 
* Barons in Scotland
* Noblesse
* Peerage of England
* Welsh peers and baronets
* Peerage of Ireland
* History of the Peerage
==References==
==External links==
* BurkesPeerage.com
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