Critical Hit

Critical Hits are hits which cause extra damage, or other side effects.
If a hit is successful, it may become a critical hit if it passes Critical Chance. The effect of the hit is determined by another roll, on the critical hit table. For critical hits that are not aimed shots, the critical effect is based on the torso column, while aimed shots can choose from the other part of the anatomy such as eyes, head, groin, pincers, servomotors, arms or legs. Each body part and each type of critter has its own set of possible critical hit effects. For example, living creatures with eyes tend to be particularly vulnerable to eye criticals, but other types of enemies are often more vulnerable elsewhere. The effect of a critical hit can be modified by the perk Better Criticals.
The chance for a critical hit is determined by Critical Chance and is not the same as the critical effect. See Aimed Shot in the Combat section for more info. Ranged attacks that hit the wrong target, including in burst attacks, never cause critical hits.
==Fallout, Fallout 2 and Fallout Tactics==
===Critical effects===
This is the critical hit table for human men. Critical hit tables for other enemies are different.
Roll 	Head(Accuracy -40%) 	Torso 	Eyes(Accuracy -60%) 	Groin(Accuracy -30%) 	Arms(Accuracy -30%) 	Legs(Accuracy -20%)
1-20 	Damage x 2.0 	Damage x 1.5 	Damage x 2.0Roll LK with +4 bonus or get blinded 	Damage x 1.5 	Damage x 1.5 	Damage x 1.5knockdown
21-45 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorRoll EN, or get knocked out 	Damage x 1.5Ignores armor 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorRoll LK +3 or get blinded	Damage x 1.5Ignores armorRoll EN -3 or get knocked down 	Damage x 1.5Lose turn 	Damage x 1.5knockdownRoll EN or get crippled
46-70 	Damage x 2.5Ignores armorRoll EN with -3 penalty, or get knocked out 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorknockdown	Damage x 3.0Ignores armorRoll LK +2 or get blinded	Damage x 1.5knockdownRoll EN -3 or get knocked out 	Damage x 2.0Roll EN -3 or get crippled	Damage x 2.0knockdownRoll EN -3 or get crippled
71-90 	Damage x 2.5Ignores armorknockdownRoll EN with -3 penalty, or get knocked out	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorknockdown	Damage x 3.0Ignores armorBlindnessLose turn 	Damage x 2.0Knockout 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorCrippled 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorknockdownCrippled
91-100	Damage x 3.0Ignores armorKnockoutRoll LK or get blinded 	Damage x 3.0Ignores armorknockout 	Damage x 4.0Ignores armorBlindnessKnockout 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorknockdown>Roll EN or get knocked out	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorCrippled 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorknockdownCrippledRoll EN, or get knocked out
101+ 	Damage x 3.0Instant death 	Damage x 3.0Instant death 	Damage x 4.0Instant death 	Damage x 3.0Ignores armorKnockout 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorCrippled 	Damage x 2.0Ignores armorKnockoutCrippled
===The basic critical damage calculation formula===
Nearly all critical hits do extra damage. This happens through the addition of an extra Damage Modifier, which is added over and above any damage modifier that the weapon's ammunition might already have. For example, a critical hit from a needler pistol loaded with HN AP Needler cartridge will have, firstly, a 2/1 modifier courtesy of the ammunition, plus another damage multiplier (most typically 3/2, 2/1 or 3/1) determined by the critical effect roll.
In the same way, as with non-critical hits, the damage output (base damage * (possible ammo damage modifier) * critical damage modifier) is calculated first and the damage reduction effected by the target's armor is calculated second. And as with non-critical hits, the target's (natural or worn) Damage Resistance (DR) is affected by the ammunition's possible Damage Resistance Modifier.
====Example====
Mike is intercepted by leather-armored raiders on his way from Vault City to New Reno. He is armed with a Desert Eagle loaded with .44 Magnum JHP. The weapon's base damage is 10-16. He shoots the nearest raider in the eyes and scores a critical hit, rolling 12 base damage and 18 on the critical effect table: 2x damage and roll Luck with +4 or get blinded. The ammunition has a damage modifier of 2/1 and the critical damage multiplier is 2, so the damage output before armor effects is 12 * 2 * 2 = 48.
Leather armor has a Damage Threshold (DT) of 2 and a Damage Resistance (DR) of 25%. The damage of 48 first undergoes a reduction of 2, leaving 46. Then the DR steps in. It is increased from 25% to 45% due to the ammunition's DR modifier of 20. The damage of 46 thus undergoes a reduction of 46 * (25% + 20%) = 20.7 (round down) = 20. The raider's base Luck is 5. The 4-point Luck bonus gives him a 90% chance of passing his Luck roll, which he does and thus keeps his eyesight. The raider takes 46-20 = 26 Hit Points of damage but keeps coming forward.
===The armor-piercing effect===
Though the combat message accompanying these critical hits reports the armor being "bypassed," these criticals rarely bypass the target's armor in its entirety. An armor-piercing critical hit features the Weapon Penetrate effect combined with a DR modifier of 1/5, thus dividing both DT and DR by 5 and (where applicable) rounding the result down. Weapons that already have the Weapon Penetrate perk do not gain an additional DT-reducing effect.
If the weapon's ammunition has a DR modifier, positive or negative, it is factored in after the armor-piercing critical effect. This means that if the ammunition has a sufficiently negative DR modifier, an armor-piercing critical will negate 100% of the target's DR. Conversely if the ammunition's DR modifier is poor (a large positive number), then DR will reduce a considerable percentage of even an "armor-piercing" critical hit's damage.
The positive DR modifier caused by the perk Finesse is nullified by the armor-piercing critical effect.
====Example====
Mike is intercepted by a squad of Enclave patrolmen on his way from San Francisco to Navarro. He is armed with an assault rifle loaded with 5mm JHP. The weapon's base damage is 8-16. Mike decides to take an aimed shot at the head of the peskiest patrolman because the distance is too long to burst effectively. He hits his target, rolling 13 base damage and 76 on the critical effect table: 2.5x damage, armor pierced, knockdown, roll EN with -3, or get knocked out. 5mm JHP has a Damage Modifier of 2/1 and the critical damage modifier is 2.5, so damage output before armor effects is 13 * 2 * 2.5 = 65.
The advanced power armor worn by the enemy has DT 15 and DR 55%. The armor-piercing effect of the critical hit first divides these by 5, leaving 3 and 11%, respectively. The damage of 65 undergoes a reduction of 3, leaving 62. Then DR steps in. 5mm JHP has a DR modifier of 35, increasing the diminished DR back up to 11% + 35% = 46%. Thus the remaining 62 points of damage undergo a reduction of 62 * (11% + 35%) = 28.52 (round down) = 28. The Enclave patrolman takes 62-28 = 34 HP of damage and is knocked off his feet. With his base Endurance of 8 and the penalty of -3, he has a 50% chance of staying conscious. He fails this roll and blacks out for 3 turns. When he wakes up, Mike has killed his colleagues and stolen his weapon.
===Critical burst attacks===
A burst attack is critical if its first round hits the intended target and the attack passes its critical chance roll. When a burst attack is critical and rolls a critical effect, that same critical effect (and damage multiplier) is applied to every round that hits the intended target. However, each round makes an individual roll for hit/miss and base damage. Burst weapons often miss many more rounds than a 95% chance to hit would warrant, even at point-blank range.
====Example====
On his way back to San Fran from Navarro, vertibird plans in his pocket, Mike is intercepted by a pack of deathclaws. The nearest animal, a small tough deathclaw, charges Mike forthwith and claws him for 10 HP before he can react. Mike is now armed with an H&K G11E and decides that the point-blank range warrants a burst attack. The weapon's base damage is 13-23. By a lucky break, he scores a critical hit and rolls 95 on the critical effect table. On a deathclaw, the effect is 2.5x damage, armor pierced, knockdown. The 4.7mm ammo used by the weapon has a damage multiplier of 3/2 and a DR modifier of -10. The deathclaw's thick skin endows it with 4 DT and 40% DR.
The first bullet of the 7-round burst rolls 15 base damage. This is multiplied by 3/2, yielding 22.5, which is not yet rounded at this intermediate stage but multiplied by the critical damage modifier of 2.5, yielding 56.25. This is rounded down to 56. The armor-piercing critical effect divides the deathclaw's DT of 4 by 5, yielding 0.8 (round down) = 0. Its DR of 40% is likewise divided by 5, yielding 8%, which is then further reduced by the ammunition's DR modifier: 8% - 10% = <0%. Thus, this is a case where the armor-piercing critical effect and the ammunition's favorable DR modifier combine to negate the target's armor completely – all 56 points of damage go through.
Bullet 2: 17 * 3/2 * 2.5 = 63.75 = 63
Bullet 3: 13 * 3/2 * 2.5 = 48.75 = 48
Bullet 4: 14 * 3/2 * 2.5 = 52.5 = 52
Bullet 5: miss
Bullet 6: 21 * 3/2 * 2.5 = 78.75 = 78
Bullet 7: 18 * 3/2 * 2.5 = 67.5 = 67
The deathclaw takes 56 + 63 + 48 + 52 + 78 + 67 = 364 HP of damage and is torn to gory shreds. Mike continues towards San Fran on his quest.
===Notes===
The only way to roll a 101 or more is to take the Better Criticals perk.
In Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas, many energy weapons incinerate or liquefy targets on a deadly critical hit, turning them into permanent ash or goo piles that will refill with loot every time the creature would normally respawn. These can be useful for farming items or permanently clearing out infested areas like the El Dorado Dry Lake without losing the items obtained by hunting the NPCs.
==Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas==
In Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas, the critical hit feature is simplified from Fallout and Fallout 2. When a weapon is fired, it has a predefined, specific percentage chance of getting a critical hit (with a few exceptions, see below), which is essentially just added damage to the original base damage (the damage that will be dealt if the player character does not score a critical hit). This obviously sounds much simpler than the system of the first two games, but it is still more complex than it sounds.
===Critical Chance===
The player character's base Critical Chance is determined by the Luck SPECIAL statistic and the Finesse, Survival Expert and Ninja perks. In Fallout 3, the maximum possible base critical Chance is 18% with ranged weapons and 33% with unarmed and melee weapons. The base Critical Chance is modified by a weapon's critical multiplier to obtain the final chance to score a critical hit. In Fallout: New Vegas, the max critical chance is 53% with laser ranged weapons (43% with all other ranged weapons) and 44.5% with melee weapons. In Fallout 3, when using V.A.T.S., a +15% critical hit chance is added, however, in Fallout: New Vegas this was reduced to a +5% boost instead.
===Critical Damage===
Every weapon has predefined critical damage, which is the damage added during a critical hit. The only modifier to critical damage is the Better Criticals perk, which gives criticals a 50% damage bonus. This is a lot more impressive than it sounds. For example, the Wazer Wifle has critical damage of 28, but with the perk, the critical damage becomes 42, making 70 damage on a non-sneak critical and 140 damage on a Sneak Attack Critical.
===Sneak Attack Critical===
A Sneak Attack Critical occurs when successfully attacking an opponent while being by using one's Sneak skill. Successfully hitting the target will result in a guaranteed critical strike, which doubles or quintuples critical damage with ranged or melee/unarmed, respectively. For example, assuming no perks or other modifiers: Lincoln's repeater has a base damage of 50 and critical damage of 50, so a basic critical hit would deal 100 damage. When a sneak attack critical is dealt, the critical damage is doubled, so it deals 200 damage.
==Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel==
In Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, the system works much like Fallout 3, when a weapon is fired, it has a predefined, specific percentage chance of getting a critical hit which is just to exceed the maximum limit of damage for a weapon.
==Fallout 4==
Fallout 4's critical hit system removes the chance-based critical hit trigger, replacing it with a critical meter which builds up with each successful V.A.T.S. hit and, when filled, can then be triggered just before any V.A.T.S. attack, guaranteeing a hit with extra damage. The rate that the critical meter fills increases with the player character's Luck. Critical hits will almost never miss when used.
Outside of V.A.T.S., critical hits cannot occur unless something increases the player character's critical hit chance, such as with Overdrive, or if the attack is a Sneak Attack. This can be confirmed by looking at the "Combat - Critical Strikes" statistic in the Pip-Boy. The number of critical strikes will always equal the number of times a Critical was activated in V.A.T.S. plus the number of sneak attacks.
Although the Pip-Boy counts a sneak attack as a critical hit, a sneak attack does not count as a critical hit for purposes of critical hit damage bonuses.
===Critical Damage===
Weapons have predefined critical damage which is added when a critical hit is executed, usually equal to the displayed weapon damage (including weapon mods). In Fallout 4, there are several ways to alter the critical hit damage. One way is through modifying a gun by adding, e.g., a calibrated receiver or photon exciter. These two mods add 2.0 to the critical hit multiplier. For some weapons, there are receiver mods that will increase the critical damage even further, such as the photon agitator which will add 4.0 to the critical hit multiplier.
Critical damage can also be increased in small increments by reading perk magazines and collecting bobbleheads.
DamageBase: Weapon damage, including workshop mods and strength multiplier (1+0.1*STR), but excluding perks and other bonuses.
DamagePaper: Damage displayed in Pip-Boy (Pip-Boy cuts off decimal places)
CriticalMultiplier = 1 + WeaponModBonus(2.0…4.0) + BobbleheadBonus(0.25) + MagazineBonus(0.05…0.5) + Better Criticals(0.5…1.5)
Ranged Combat
:{\it Damage}_{\rm Critical} = {\it Damage}_{\rm Paper} + {\it Damage}_{\rm Base} \times {\it CriticalMultiplier}
Melee/Unarmed Combat
:{\it Damage}_{\rm Critical} = {\it Damage}_{\rm Paper} \times 1.5 + {\it Damage}_{\rm Base} \times {\it CriticalMultiplier}
Energy Weapons
Energy weapons suffer from a disadvantage in that their increased damage does not contribute to their armor (ER) penetration. This is related to default damage being ballistic and energy damage being treated like an additional effect. 
Notes
* Missing in the calculations above: Weapon Prefix "Lucky" ("Critical hits do double damage")
* Note: Tesla Science Magazine is broken as of patch 1.4.
==Fallout 76==
Fallout 76 retains the critical meter from Fallout 4 which builds up with each successful V.A.T.S. hit and, when filled, can then be triggered just before any V.A.T.S. attack, guaranteeing a hit with extra damage. The rate that the critical meter fills increases with the character's Luck.
==Fallout: The Roleplaying Game==
In Fallout: The Roleplaying Game critical hits are reserved for when the damage to a limb exceeds or equals 5 damage after damage reduction from armor. When this is achieved, the limb being hit is injured which can cause penalties based on the injured limb. Some perks, like Adamantium Skeleton, can increase the range to induce a critical hit. Some creatures also have inherently higher critical hit ranges based on their stature, such as super mutant behemoths and mirelurk queens, that possess the Big special ability that makes critical hit ranges 7+.
==Fallout Shelter==
In Fallout Shelter, critical hits only occur when on quests or exploring radiant locations while wandering the wasteland. As a dweller fights, they will randomly trigger a critical hit according to an invisible meter that fills as they fight; a higher Luck stat causes the meter to fill faster, for more frequent critical hits. If an enemy is killed without using a critical hit against them, the meter will remain filled, allowing a critical hit to be "saved" for other enemies.
When a critical hit occurs, a crosshair icon will appear over the currently targeted enemy. Tapping the icon will cause it to grow, and four crosshairs will move back and forth from the center of the targeting dot. Tapping the screen again will stop the crosshairs; the closer they are to the center, the more damage the critical hit does. Damage ranges from 1.25 normal damage at the further point, to 5 times normal damage when the crosshairs are stopped directly in the middle. The higher the dweller's Perception, the slower the crosshairs move and thus the easier it is to deal higher damage.
Waiting too long before executing the critical hit after tapping the icon will result in the critical hit being lost.
==Gallery==
FO1 Electrical critical hit.gif|Electrical instant death
FO1 Fire critical hit.gif|Fire instant death
FO1 Plasma critical hit.gif|Plasma instant death
Category:Combat
de:Kritischer Treffer
pt:Critical Hit
ru:Критический удар
uk:Критичний удар