Burgesia

Etymologia: Ex id nomen burgese (weiker ios burg, yani ios fortifiet urb) quod prehpt in latin (burgensis) in-kap id XIt secule, dind in awo franceois (burgeis) ye id XIIt secule. Id lexis burgesia prehpt in ia dikstextes ye id XIIIt secule, samt un social connotation. 
Definition: Ye id fin os Mediev, id burgesia kyeust id non-noble social schikht, riche med bfufawngdiaschau baygas, intermedyum inter id popule ed id gnahsa aristocratia (noblesse) quospet bayga est bilhassa fundal. 
==Id gnahsa os burgesia==
Ye ia XIt ed XIIt secules, quan urbs asadhasce ex feudal supodehsa ed se constituent do "communes", idge hol urban population skeipt un burgesia. Bet destull oku, ed besonters in ia oposta citads os Italia, Flandren au Rhenland, id richer fraction (tajirs ed mayster-dabers) sib reservet, samt id titule "burgese", id administration ios commune, ne aun social conflicts. In ia Italian urbs, ye id XIIIt secule, id popolo minuto ("lyter leuds") diweidt, ops gvalt-ye, id popolo grasso ("i richens", maysters ios economic ed politic waldh). 
Unte ia sensta secules ios Mediev, Occidents economic antslehnken creisct id importance tos urban oligarchia. Roys favorise id eti : wehsend exter ia feudal structures, id est pro iens un potentialum allieit face ia pretensions ios noblesse. Also biht id burgesia aus appellen ad age un politic rol, daydeyghi juristes, notars, clerics gwehme ex ids rangs : dadwt ei royal waldh ids pleist concilers ed agents. In England, ye id XIVt secule, id urban burgesia alliet-se ei lyter rural noblesse kay impones, nieb id aristocratic parlament (id Majlis iom Lords), un elegen representative assemblee (id Majlis iom Communes). 
==Burgesias irresistible progression==
Ye id XVIt secule, ia economic consequences ios Era iom Aunstehgens, id enorm extension os torg beuwe uno muhim-ye richerascend burgesia id dynamic element iom europay societats. Plautereihnd ir oposcamp, bevidend un akster entrepreneur menos, ia burgesias os Italia, Nederland, Sud Deutschland enplace ia mecanismes os Capitalisme. Burgese Augsburger bankers, ies Függers, finance pro Charles V id keulen iom espaniol colonias os America. Ye id fin ios XVIt secule, England se orneuwt ep sien roig do id maritim grand commerce. 
In France, med id pehrn iom royal "officen" (iom chargen om kwehrants), id richihn burgesia som-fanght id Stat menxu instituet-se absolutisme. Esdi is roy nobleiht iens, id quasi-totalitat iom ministers os Ludvic XIV sont os burgese origin : bringhent do id praxis ios gouvernement ir wirts ed management methodes. Also, yant id XVIIt secule, burgesia, ja mayster iom dynamic sectors os Economia, sib swekwehrt indirect-ye id camp os politic decision in id quader ios absolut monarchia. 
Api, id hol west Europe, tod de facto preponderance oistundt protie ia archayismes iom social structures heriten ex id Mediev. Id division ios societat in ordens classebehndt id burgesia con vasyens non-noblens, in id niwirtto status ios Tertios-Statios. Quantloc, id noblesse, quayque economic-ye in decline - araszi revenue stagnet menxu ia profits ex denaren management ubselle -, gweupt ia attributs os prestige ed brunct ia privileges ios gnahsa. 
Face tod conjuncture, dwo evolutions gwehme do luce. Preter correspondt id Englisch situation quod vidt burgesia ed noblesse comsmehlde do oin dominant classe. In id druna ios XVIIIt secule, menxu id burgesia uperliteiht id Englisch capitalisme un nov etape ex id tajir entreprise do id Industrial Revolution, id fusion inter id gnahsa aristocratia ed id meger verslynburgesia inkapt, med ghams au nobleihsas. 
Dwoter evolution, kwekmor os France, vidt burgesia obtene id destruction iom reuls qua instituer id noblesse do privileget orden. Pos id stehven ios franceois noblesse pos 1760 ed idso trend ad zaghyahe kam un caste nevergibleihnt id revision iom social status. Est oino iom prest acts ios 1789 Revolution - id noct ios 4 August vidt id abolition iom privilegen. Burgesia, pos ia revolutionar convulsions, wehst id megil bructor ios change induct ab 1789 ed institutionaliset pos 1800 ab Bonaparte.
==Id XIXt secule : id burgese aiwo==
Id disparition iom diksobstaclen, id triumph os economic liberalisme, id industrial spand ed ia resultend profits creent ye id XIXt secule ia conditions unios nedilt hegemonia os burgesia. In ia constitutional representative regimes, id censsuffrage - quod behndt id mehghen ios voterect ei impost, yani ad bayga - garantiet id fangh os politic waldh. Un ciautaung legislation ed un strict monetar stabilitat protege burgese bayga ed facileihnt brungost investions. Un efficient ed modern, bet baygh selective talimsysteme swekwehrt id eliten, releiv exclusive-ye eni id liderclasse ed sammel diffundt un wirtensysteme reflect ab id dominant gust, ia weidsa om ses ed mehne. Victorian Britain ed Frabce pos 1830 bo expreme tod apogee ios burgese aiwios, marken ab un akster social stratification : atop, un dominant classe, id uber burgesia, absorbend lyt ed lyt ia etiloikwa ios gnahsa aristocratia; ender, ia dominen classes, id industrial proletariat ed id majoritat os nowngminia. Inter bo, un intermedyo classe (lyter besi, lyter rentiers, members iom liberal ed intellectual professions) smyehrt ia burgese modus om gwit ed men ed ids politic options, skeipend quo est kalt id lyter ed medyo burgesia. 
Marx (1818-1883) descript tod mund ed ghabmos od is hat vis in ia classenjidals id motor os Historia. Tod societat, kaurndo de spare ed kwehke, sammel puritan, depravet, hypocrite ed conformiste, buit describen ab i franceois romanurgs ios XIXt secule, kam Balzac, Flaubert, Zola. Tod buit goilen ab caricaturistens ed satiristens, ex Daumier ed Monnier do iom vaudevilliste Labiche. Pro i romantics ed vasyens honners ios industrial mund (Baudelaire, Rimbaud...), id adjective burgese hat bihn synonym os quantum i abhors, hin eme in id bahsa uno nett-ye pejorative maynen.
==Id evolution os burgesia ye id XXt secule==
Ia taraghens ios XXt secule (mund weirs ed politic tumults, economic crises ed monetar instabilitat), id social mobilitat quod hamraht ia, tem quem unte dwoter dwidel ios secule, un aunpreceddent crosct, id augen ios gwitstandard ed ia progressa os talim hant profund-ye transformet id socialo landspect. Id stratification os societat, pand sakhten ideologic jidals, hat bihno minter clar quem ye id XIXt secule. Albatta, dar exist un liderclasse, yed kwecto se defineiht minter med id possession os capital : leitiet anter nundiens de id imkan os decide we os influe ia decisions. Internationaliset, tributar iom nov Technologias om information ed communication, angh-ye implohct ibs politic cheusims ed initiatives, id economic magh esiet taiper tem dilute quem kwehct pau credible id buwes id exclusive apanage os un social categoria. 
Eti, id democratization iom avancet societats hat dribht id antslehnken uns vast medyios classe, sohkwt ab unum uniformisation iom gwitstandards ed iom cultural models. Lakin, "medyeihsa" ed "homogeneihsa" ne sont synonym os "samnivelleihsa" : sei id mage iom classensulouks hat reducen, differences persiste. Dar exist, ed quantloc, un angh elite os bayga : ids attitudes, ids wirts, ids gwitstyle sont kwit ka "burgese" (eti "grand burgese"), bet kwe leit dar de id "classe im capitalisten", xihtor iom instruments os production ? 
Aundwoi anter est zaruri quo seult social stratification os nies tid in criteria kam id accessnivell do culture, id orbatsmund, ia decisionspheres... Quo nammos "burgesia" nundiens est id baygatst frange ios societat, id upper class iom anglicisant lands, aun sien historic ed cultural sonterkweits, in un consummsocietat quer ia burgese normes bestehme kongcio id gwitsmodus ios majoritat ios population.