Tim Hortons

Tim Hortons or Tim Hortons Inc, is a Canadian multinational coffeehouse and restaurant chain.
==History==
The business was founded by Tim Horton, who played in the National Hockey League, from 1949 until his death in an auto crash in 1974. https://web.archive.org/web/20080229145023/http://www.timhortons.com/en/about/bio_timhorton.html The first Tim Horton restaurant was in North Bay, Ontario, and sold hamburgers. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/north-bay-lays-claim-to-hamilton-s-tim-hortons-origins-story-1.2649443 The chain's first donut store opened on May 17, 1964, in Hamilton, Ontario under the name Tim Horton Donuts. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/tim-hortons-at-50-from-corner-shop-to-canadian-icon-1.2646274 
Soon after Horton opened the store, he met Ron Joyce, a former police constable in Hamilton. In 1965, Joyce took over the fledgling Tim Horton Donut Shop at 65 Ottawa Street North. By 1967, after opening two additional stores, the two became full partners. Upon Horton's death in 1974, Joyce bought out the Horton family's shares for $1 million and took over as sole owner of the existing chain of 40 stores, quickly and aggressively expanding the chain in both geography and product selection. https://web.archive.org/web/20080530034526/http://www.timhortons.com/en/about/index.html
The Horton and Joyce partnership carried on, with the marriage of Joyce's son, Ron Joyce Jr., and Horton's eldest daughter, Jeri-Lynn Horton-Joyce, who were joint owners of Tim Hortons franchises in Cobourg, Ontario until 2023 when the couple retired after 37 years. https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/tim-hortons-heirs-minimum-wage-wynne-ontario-1.4472878
The company had originally been incorporated as Tim Donut Limited. https://web.archive.org/web/20181008055154/http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20090813.OBCHARADE13ART2152/BDAStory/BDA/deaths/?pageRequested=all By the 1990s, the company name had changed to The TDL Group Ltd. This was an effort by the company to diversify the business, removing the primary emphasis on donuts, and continuing the expansion of the menu options as consumer tastes broadened. 
In 1992, the owner of all Tim Hortons and Wendy's restaurants in Prince Edward Island, Daniel P. Murphy, decided to open new franchise outlets for both brands in the same building in the town of Montague. Murphy invited Joyce and Wendy's chairman Dave Thomas to the grand opening of the "combo store," where the two executives met for the first time. Murphy's success with combining coffee and donuts with Wendy's fast food led to the August 8, 1995, acquisition of and merger with TDL Group by Wendy's International, Inc., an American company, which lasted until 2009. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-2330-13539-10/on_this_day/politics_economy/twt 
Tim Hortons franchises spread rapidly and eventually overtook McDonald's as Canada's largest food service operator. The company opened twice as many Canadian outlets as McDonald's by 2005, and system-wide sales also surpassed those of McDonald's Canadian operations as of 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927032702/http://www.marketingmag.ca/magazine/current/marketer_year/article.jsp?content=20050207_66405_66405 
On June 29, 2009, Tim Hortons Inc. announced that, pending shareholder approval, the chain's operations would be reorganized under a new publicly traded company, also named "Tim Hortons Incorporated", incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act. The change was being made primarily for tax purposes. https://web.archive.org/web/20090812054548/http://www.timhortons.com/ca/en/about/news.html?c=195616&p=irol-news&nyo=0https://www.thestar.com/business/article/658823 
On August 24, 2014, American fast-food chain BURGER KING announced that it was in negotiations to merge with Tim Hortons Inc; https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/burger-king-in-talks-to-acquire-tim-hortons-report/article20187310/ the proposed $18 billion mergers would involve a tax inversion into Canada, with a new holding company majority-owned by 3G Capital, and the remaining shares in the company held by current Burger King and Tim Hortons shareholders. A Tim Hortons representative stated that the proposed merger would allow Tim Hortons to leverage Burger King's resources for international growth; the two chains would retain separate operations post-merger. https://online.wsj.com/articles/burger-king-in-talks-to-buy-tim-hortons-1408924294 News of the proposal caused Tim Hortons' shares to increase in value by 28 percent. http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/tim-hortons-burger-king-agree-to-merger-deal-1.2746948 
==Controversies==
===Ontario Minimum Wage===
Tim Hortons became the subject of controversy after the raise of minimum wage in Ontario from $11.60 to $14.00 an hour which was made effective January 2018. The minimum wage increase was strongly criticized by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce, Restaurants Canada, and the Canadian Franchise Association. Tim Hortons franchisees, many of them small business owners who employed an average of 35 staff, responded by cutting employee benefits such as paid breaks and contributions to health plans. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/franchises-owned-by-children-of-tim-hortons-co-founders-reduce-employee-benefits/article37490649/ In one case, owners posted a memo encouraging employees to contact the Ontario Premier, Kathleen Wynne, and indicate that they "will not vote Liberal in the coming Ontario election in June 2018." http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/tim-hortons-minimum-wage-hike-ontario-government-1.4493436 Wynne responded by saying "I'm happy to talk to any business owner about the minimum wage but taking it out on employees is not fair and not acceptable." https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/wynne-criticizes-tim-hortons-franchisee-says-workers-shouldnt-be-pawns/article37666259/ Tim Hortons dropped from 4th place in 2017 to 50th in 2018. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-tim-hortons-slides-from-top-10-in-brand-reputation-survey/ 
===Plastic Pollution===
In late 2018 and early 2019, Tim Hortons was subject to controversy over their usage of plastic cups. An online Change.org petition asking the company to switch from plastic cups to "a fully recyclable and compostable alternative" gained over 171,000 signatures. The cups were not compostable, due to their plastic lining, and are often very difficult to recycle. As of February 2019, Tim Hortons had not responded to the petition's requests. https://nationalpost.com/news/trio-of-calgary-kids-ask-canadian-coffee-chain-to-rethink-popular-contest In early 2020, it gave away reusable cups for its "Roll Up the Rim to Win" promotion to eliminate single-use plastic in its establishments. The effort was criticized as greenwashing through a limited-time promotion. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-the-unbearable-hypocrisy-of-corporate-greenwashing/ 
===App Privacy Violation===
On June 1, 2022, the federal privacy commissioner, with officials in Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta, announced the results of its investigation, that Tim Hortons violated privacy laws by tracking people who used its app, gathering their location data hundreds of times a day, even when the app was not in use. https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-businesses/2022/pipeda-2022-001/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-tim-hortons-violated-law-by-tracking-people-with-app-even-when-it-was/
==References==
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