John Howard Griffin

John Howard Griffin (June 16, 1920 - September 9, 1980) was an American journalist and author much of whose writing was about racial equality. A white man, he is best known for darkening his skin and journeying through Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia to experience segregation in the Deep South in 1959. He wrote about the experience in his 1961 book Black Like Me.
==Early life==
Griffin was born in Dallas, Texas on June 16, 1920 to John Walter Griffin and Lena May Griffin, née Young.Article about Griffin by the Texas State Historical Association and the University of Texas at Austin Awarded a scholarship, he studied French and literature at the University of Poitiers and medicine at the École de Médecine. At 19, he worked as a medic in the French Resistance army, where he was in charge of a psychiatric hospital. He also helped to smuggle Jewish children to safety and freedom.
He then served 39 months stationed in the South Pacific in the United States Army Air Corps. He spent a year in 1943-44 as the only white person on one of the Solomon Islands, where he was assigned to study the local culture; he even went so far as to marry. Handbook of Texas Online' His biographer says he had to learn "the Floridian dialect" Man in the Mirror: John Howard Griffin and the story of BLACK LIKE ME by Robert Bonazzi, ISBN 1-57075-118-8., which would place his stay in the Florida or Nggela Islands, just north of Guadalcanal, where a significant campaign had just taken place in 1942-43. His 1957 novel Nuni is a semi-autobiographical work that draws heavily on his year "marooned" on the tropical island, and shows an interest in ethnography that he followed more fully in Black Like Me.
Later in his service, he was decorated for bravery. As a result of an accident during his service in the United States Air Force, he went blind; during this decade of darkness from 1947-57 he wrote. He returned to Texas and taught piano, marrying one of his pupils. He later regained his vision, becoming an accomplished photographic artist. His experiences in losing and regaining sight have been posthumously published as Scattered Shadows: A Memoir of Blindness and Vision.
Griffin converted to Catholicism in 1952 and became a Third Order Carmelite. He was also a lifelong Democrat.
==Black Like Me and later==
In the fall of 1959, Griffin determined to investigate the plight of African-Americans in the South firsthand. He consulted a New Orleans dermatologist, who prescribed a course of drugs, sunlamp treatments, and skin creams. Griffin also shaved his head so as not to reveal his straight hair. He spent several weeks as a black man in New Orleans and parts of Mississippi (with side trips to Alabama and Georgia, traveling mainly by bus and hitch-hiking. His resultant memoir, Black Like Me, became a best seller in 1961. The book described in detail the problems a black man encountered in the South meeting simple needs such as finding food, shelter, and toilet facilities. Griffin also described the hatred he often felt from white people he encountered in his daily life — shop clerks, ticket sellers, bus drivers, et al. Griffin was particularly shocked by the extent to which white men displayed curiosity about his sexual life. The tale was tempered with some anecdotes of whites who were relatively friendly and helpful.
After the publication of Black Like Me, Griffin became a national celebrity for a time. In a 1975 essay included in later editions of the book, Griffin described the hostility and threats to himself and his family which emerged in his Texas hometown. He eventually was forced to move.
Throughout his life, Griffin lectured and wrote on race relations and social justice. Griffin was awarded the Pacem in Terris Award, named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in Terris is Latin for "Peace on Earth."
In later years, Griffin focused much of his work on researching his friend Thomas Merton, the American Trappist monk and spiritual writer. Griffin was the original selection by Merton's estate to write the authorized biography of Merton. While Griffin's health prevented him from completing this project, his more finished portion of the biography, on Merton's later years, was posthumously published in 1983 as Follow the Ecstasy: Thomas Merton, the Hermitage Years, 1965-1968.
==Death and rumoured effects of Oxsoralen==
Griffin died on September 9, 1980 at age 60 from diabetes and/or several other health problems,
It has been erroneously claimed that the large doses of Oxsoralen Griffin used in 1959 eventually led to his death from (the claim asserts) skin cancer. However, Griffin never had skin cancer; the only negative symptoms he suffered because of the drug were temporary and minor. The worst, arguably, were fatigue and nausea.Dispute of the belief that Griffin died from his skin darkening treatments true (from Snopes.com)
==Works==
*The Devil Rides Outside (1952)
*Nuni (1956)
*Land of the High Sky (1959)
*Black Like Me (1961)
*The Church and the Black Man (1969)
*A Hidden Wholeness: The Visual World of Thomas Merton (1970)
*Twelve Photographic Portraits (1973)
*Jacques Maritain: Homage in Words and Pictures (1974)
*A Time to be Human (1977)
*The Hermitage Journals: A Diary Kept While Working on the Biography of Thomas Merton (1981)
*Follow the Ecstasy: Thomas Merton, the Hermitage Years, 1965-1968 (1983), slightly revised as Follow the Ecstasy: The Hermitage Years of Thomas Merton (1993).
*Scattered Shadows: A Memoir of Blindness and Vision (2004)
*Available Light: Exile in Mexico (2008)
==References==
==Further reading==
* Crossing the Line: Racial Passing in Twentieth-century U.S. Literature and Culture by Gayle Wald. Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 0822325152.
==External links==
*"A Revolutionary Writer", John H. Griffin
*Full-view books about John H. Griffin at Google Book Search
* John Howard Griffin Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Category:1920 births
Category:1980 deaths
Category:American memoirists
Category:American military personnel of World War II
Category:American novelists
Category:American social sciences writers
Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism
Category:Roman Catholic activists
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