Starfleet uniform (2250s-early 2270s)

Starfleet had 4 types of uniforms that were used from around the mid-2250s to the early 2270s. The general tailoring of these uniforms was a "tunic and pants" design and was worn by Starfleet service people. This design was maintained throughout this period, but with changes in collar, rank insignia, and revised colors for Starfleet divisions and departments. ()
In the 2250s, a previous uniform design was also being used concurrently with this one at least until 2258. ()
All uniforms of this era were made of an organic, algae-derived fabric called xenylon. () In addition, they had built-in temperature controls to accommodate for cold weather environments. For example, upon beaming down to the surface of Sigma Draconis VI, Captain Kirk instructed his landing party to set their "suit temperatures to 72[° Fahrenheit]." ()
These uniforms were drastically replaced in the 2270s, with a change of many uniform variants sometime after 2270. ()
==Standard duty uniform==
===Type A===
This style of uniform lasted from before 2254, to provisionally at least 2268. ()
This uniform was used by the crews of the , the Antares and officers visiting Deep Space Station K-7. () In the late 2250s, this uniform design had been somewhat phased out, but it made a resurgence briefly around the mid 2260s. By 2267, it only saw occasional use and was for the most part replaced by newer variants. ()
File:Christopher Pike, 2254.jpg|Command division (2254)
File:Montgomery Scott, 2265.jpg|Operations division (2265)
File:Hikaru Sulu, 2265.jpg|Sciences division (2265)
The standard duty uniform consisted of dark gray or dark blue trousers and a division-colored top, following the color code below. The previous Earth Starfleet-style of wearing a patch based on assignment continued, but the patch was moved to the chest. Rank was displayed by sleeve stripes. () The top's collar was initially designed with a mock turtleneck appearance but many of them came straight up on the neck later on. ()
====High collar variant====
One uniform style had a cowl neck collar and closed with a zipper down the back. This uniform also had black trousers similar to the regular uniform. This variant was mostly worn by women at the time. ()
File:Starfleet operations uniform, 2250s-2260s.jpg|Front view of female operations duty uniform variant, 2254
File:Elizabeth Dehner, backside female variant uniform.jpg|Rear view of female sciences duty uniform variant, 2265
====Seamed variant====
A variant worn by certain personnel included a closing seam radiating from the side of the neck. ()
===Type B===
This style, in use by 2254, is a simplified evolution of a variant of an earlier uniform. It did away with the zipper and collar, and was designed to be more causal and comfortable. (; )
In 2254, at least some officers on board the Enterprise used this uniform, although it only went into wide use around 2259. () By 2265, the crew of the Enterprise had abandoned this design to briefly revert to the original version before adopting a new version the next year. ()
File:Christopher Pike, 2259.png|Captain Christopher Pike in a command uniform
File:Hemmer.png|Lieutenant Hemmer in an operations red uniform
File:Spock, 2259.png|Lieutenant Spock in a sciences uniform
====Variants====
Some officers wore variant versions of the uniform with black tunic sides, sleeves and shoulders in addition to division colors. Additionally, officers of either gender could wear a skant or jumpsuit version of the uniform. ()
File:Kyle, 2259.jpg|Transporter chief Kyle in a red operations jumpsuit
File:Una skant 2259.png|Commander Una Chin-Riley in a command gold skant uniform
File:Uhura 2259 skant.jpg|Cadet Nyota Uhura in an operations red skant uniform
===Type C===
This style is a further simplified evolution of the previous version from 2259. It was initially put into use on some starships by 2265, but other starship crews or individual service members continued to wear the older style until 2268. (; )
As with earlier Starfleet uniforms, the divisions were distinguished by color, and were generally described as gold (or green) for command, red for operations (engineering/special services), and blue for the sciences. (; )
Into the 24th century, scholars of Starfleet history will note the division colors of this era. Miles O'Brien and Benjamin Sisko told Julian Bashir of the different practices when, in posing as "contemporary" Starfleet officers during an unplanned visit to 2268, the doctor, admitting he was no historian, initially did not understand why the captain wore a "gold" uniform and the engineer a red one, as the uniforms of his career conformed to a different standard. ()
The standard duty uniform consisted of a tunic and pants worn with standard issue black leather boots.
The duty uniform top was a long-sleeve, division-colored tunic, with a closing seam from the collar to the left shoulder. () Furthermore, tunics typically bore rank insignia, displayed as sleeve stripes, and an assignment patch on the left breast was worn by all personnel. The tunics had either a black collar with a V-shaped bottom, or were collarless, allowing for the wearer to instead wear a black undershirts. Though generally worn under the short-sleeved tunic and jumpsuit uniform tops, they were not strictly required for everyday wear. (, et al.) The black boots rose above the calf and zippered along the inside. (; )
Black pants were worn that ended in length midway down the shank of the boot and terminated in a one-inch-wide flare, similar to the style worn by sailors on old Earth.
File:Spock in undershirt.jpg||Optional undershirt
File:Starfleet uniform boot (mid 2260s-early 2270s).jpg|Standard issue boots
File:Carter's remains.jpg|Ensemble with trousers
====Skant variant====
Crew members could choose between a standard uniform tunic with pants, or a one-piece uniform that continued down into a miniskirt over matching high cut shorts, worn with black hose and boots, though this uniform was mostly worn by females at this time. Skant uniform tunics also had a large open collar, the seam closed right at the assignment patch. There were two variations of the skant tunic: one with a black collar and another version which had the collar colored the same as rest of the tunic. ()
Some later variants of the skirt uniform seem to have been two-piece uniforms. ()
File:Christine Chapel, variant uniform.jpg|Comparison of regular command and skant medical duty uniforms
File:Hikaru Sulu and Janice Rand, 2266.jpg|Comparison of regular command and skant operations duty uniforms
File:Barrows' uniform hosiery.jpg|Skant Uniform hosiery removed
File:USS Enterprise security crew women.jpg|Two-piece skirt/skant variant
====Wraparound tunic====
File:Pike with green tunic.png|Captain Pike in a wraparound uniform (2259)
File:Pike with green tunic 2.png|Captain Pike in a wraparound uniform with golden piping (2259)
File:Kirk wearing green wraparound tunic, collar rank.jpg|Captain Kirk in green tunic with golden rank stripes on shoulder (2266)
File:Charlie in beige wraparound tunic.jpg|Beige tunic without rank insignia (2266)
File:Kirk wearing green wraparound tunic, sleeve rank.jpg|Captain Kirk in green tunic variant, edged with golden piping (2267)
Similarly to type B, Captains had a choice of more casual clothing to wear when on duty. Both Christopher Pike and James Kirk favored a green wrap-around tunic. Kirk favored two variations of a green wrap-around tunic, the first with rank stripes spread across the left and right shoulder, and the second with sleeve rank stripes like the standard uniform. Unlike the standard uniforms, the assignment patch was used as a fastener near the waist. Charles Evans wore a beige version of this uniform with a cream colored undershirt. Evans' uniform didn't have any rank insignia. (; ; )
====Outpost variant====
The uniforms worn by some outpost personnel, as opposed to starship and starbase personnel, varied in form of having a shinier fabric, with a dull beige color worn over a standard black undershirt, and lacked rank insignia on the sleeves. ()
File:Hansen (Commander).jpg|Commander Hansen
File:Harold.jpg|Lieutenant Harold
===Cadet's uniform===
Starfleet cadets who were serving at outposts and starbases wore a uniform that consisted of a tunic top made out of a reflective gray material with a black V-shaped collar and black trousers. A a ten-pointed star patch insignia was worn on the left breast. These uniforms had been introduced by 2252 and were still in use by 2268. ()
In the late 2250s, cadets assigned to starships wore standard duty uniforms. In place of the standard officer badge, a cadet badge was worn on the left breast indicating Academy year, similar to those used in the previous uniform style. () By the mid 2260s, cadets still wore the same badge but sported a unique uniform, consisting of a two-tone long sleeve top and black trousers and boots, with the shoulders and outer half of the sleeves colored to indicate division. ()
File:Starfleet cadet at K7 1.jpg|Type A
File:Starfleet cadet uniform, 2266.png|Type B
==Medical attire==
===Medical uniform===
In the 2259 variant, medical personnel wore special uniform colors – light blue for doctors and white for nurses. ()
File:M'Benga, 2259.png|Doctor Joseph M'Benga in a light blue medical uniform
File:Christine Chapel, 2259.png|Nurse Christine Chapel in a white nurse jumpsuit
===Lab coat===
A lab coat could be worn by the chief medical officer for consultations with patients. The short-sleeve coat was worn over the standard uniform. It appeared in pale blue with the ship's decal on the upper breast. ()
===Short-sleeved tunic===
A short-sleeved "smock" tunic was often worn by medical personnel. It appears to have been made from a fabric similar to that of the jumpsuits and gave the user more free use of their hands than the standard long-sleeved tunic. ()
===Surgical gown===
A long-sleeved surgical gown was worn during surgery. ()
===Medical gloves===
White or blue medical gloves could be worn during medical procedures or laboratory work. (; )
File:Christine Chapel wearing gloves.png|Nurse Chapel wearing gloves in laboratory
File:Chapel assisting McCoy.jpg|Nurse Chapel and Doctor McCoy wearing gloves during surgery
==Flag officer uniform==
File:Robert April, 2259.jpg|Admiral Robert April in a flag officer uniform
File:Tafune.png|Commodore Tafune in a flag officer uniform
From 2259 to about 2265, flag officers wore blue-gray uniforms with golden epaulets. ()
==Dress uniform==
Starfleet dress uniforms of this period were typically worn for diplomatic or court functions.
===Type A===
In the early 2250s, a dress jacket, edged with gold trim, with matching epaulets, was worn over the standard issue uniform top and pants. ()
===Type B===
This version was in use in the late 2250s. ()
File:Batel, dress uniform.jpg|Captain Marie Batel in a command division dress uniform (2259)
File:La'an dress uniform.png|Lt. La'an Noonien-Singh in an operations division dress uniform (2259)
File:Starfleet dress uniform sciences 2260.jpg|Lt. Spock in a sciences division dress uniform (2259)
File:Joseph M'Benga, dress uniform.png|Doctor M'Benga in a medical division dress uniform (2259)
File:Pasalk.jpg|Vice Admiral Pasalk in a flag officer dress uniform (2259)
File:Uhura 2259 dress uniform.png|Cadet Uhura in a dress uniform (2259)
File:Uhura 2259 dress uniform, profile.png|Cadet Uhura in a dress uniform, profile (2259)
===Type C===
A new version of the dress uniform was introduced in the mid-to-late 2260s. ()
Doctor Leonard McCoy was not especially fond of the entire hoopla that went along with meeting dignitaries, including the "dress uniforms, spit and polish," going on to describe his dress uniform's affect on him: "I feel like my neck's in a ." Later, during the arrival of the Vulcan delegation, he asked Spock to review how to do a Vulcan salute; upon his attempt to replicate it, he said "That hurts worse than the uniform." ()
Fully dress uniform consisted of a tunic with a Nehru collar worn with standard pants and boots in the male version and a miniskirt with a back collar, similar to the standard skant uniform but with a longer skirt and gold piping along the collar, for the female version. Variations on each uniform's style depended upon rank:
*Lieutenant dress uniforms bore an assignment patch, with a thin gold piping around the collar (and running down the front of the high-collar version) and their rank stripes;
*Lieutenant commanders wore the tunic with similar piping, but decorations were worn in lieu of the assignment patch and rank stripes for lieutenant commanders and above;
*Commanders had a much thicker braid around the collar;
*Captains had additional piping down their shoulder seams;
*Commodores and above had an additional gold piping running the length of their sleeve.
File:Starfleet dress uniforms, late 2260s.jpg|From left to right: captain's, lieutenant commander's, and commander's dress uniforms
File:Shaw questions Spock.jpg|A sciences division commander and an operations division lieutenant in dress uniforms (2267)
File:Scott in kilt.jpg|Dress uniform with kilt and sporran (2269)
File:Stone (Commodore).jpg|An operations division commodore in a dress uniform (2267)
A kilt and sporran was also optional dress uniform attire. ()
==Outerwear==
===Heavy jacket===
File:Fisher, 2254.jpg|Excursion jacket in 2254
File:José Tyler with excursion jacket.jpg|Utility harness worn underneath jacket in 2254
A heavy jacket, in blue-gray, was standard issue for landing parties during the early 2250s. A utility harness was worn underneath, and is where the individual's laser and communicator were held. ()
File:Christopher Pike, 2266.png|Heavy jacket
File:Christopher Pike uniform epaulets.png|Jacket shoulder epaulets
A variation of this heavy excursion jacket remained in use on an individual basis as late as 2266. It consisted of a black mock turtleneck with a ribbed collar and a blue-gray jacket with a split cowl collar. It was paired with black pants and black boots. An insignia was worn on the left breast. It also featured five brass or gold decorative studs on each shoulder. ()
===Field jacket===
This black leather jacket, worn over the standard issue uniform, was used by landing parties during the late 2250s. It was often worn with a pair of black gloves. ()
===Winter jacket===
Winter jackets were black heavy jackets with an emblem shoulder patch on the left side. ()
===Utility jumpsuit===
In the mid-2250s, work coveralls, with assignment patch embroidered on the breast, were issued in all division related colors. Instead of the brighter colors of the duty uniform, they were in muted colors of olive (command), khaki (operations) and blue-gray (sciences). ()
File:USS Enterprise command crewman 1.jpg|A command division jumpsuit, type A
File:Pitcairn, transporter chief.jpg|An operations division jumpsuit, type A
File:Boyce in utility jumpsuit.jpg|A sciences division jumpsuit, type A
Later, everyday work jumpsuits were usually worn with no assignment or rank patches visible (even if the jumpsuit was worn by a senior officer). Duty jumpsuits came in a division color. Some versions had embroidered writing and insignia on the left breast. The jumpsuit had medium length sleeves and was worn open in the front, sealing at the waistline. A standard black undershirt was worn underneath, in contrast with jumpsuit uniforms of the previous style with division-colored undershirts. The jumpsuits came in red (operations), green or brown (command), and blue (sciences). ()
File:Connors.jpg|A command jumpsuit, type C
File:USS Enterprise lieutenant 2, operations tech.jpg|An operations jumpsuit, type C
File:USS Enterprise sciences crewman 4.jpg|A sciences jumpsuit, type C
When Technician beamed aboard with an unknown magnetic ore on his jumpsuit in 2266, he was instructed by Montgomery Scott to "decontaminate that uniform." Later, while explaining a subsequent transporter malfunction, Scott made note of said substance on Fisher's "suit". ()
Later that year, when the stowaway Simon Van Gelder was discovered aboard the , wearing such a jumpsuit, it was simply stated that he was "someone in engineering uniform." ()
===Environmental suit===
:See: Environmental suit
===Galley vest===
Workers in the ship's galley, such as the galley chef, wore a tan colored vest over their uniform. ()
===Hazard vest===
A hazard vest, seen in beige, was in issue for excursions or technical personnel, such as during maintenance work on the shipboard atmospheric system. Sometimes the hazard vest was worn in conjunction with protective gloves and head cover, and could be worn over the uniform tunic or the uniform undershirt alone. ()
File:Barnhart dead.jpg|The vest could be worn by itself...
File:USS Enterprise sciences crewman 3.jpg|...or with full regalia.
===Protective suits===
At least four types of protective suits were available for the wearers' protection. They were relatively flexible in design and were suitable for hazardous environments. ()
File:Enterprise operations engineer 4.jpg|First variant
File:Psi 2000 woman in corridor.jpg|Second variant
File:Psi 2000 console room.jpg|Third variant
File:USS Enterprise crewman 6, protective suit.jpg|Fourth variant
===Combat uniform===
Black uniforms with division-colored sleeveless undershirts were worn in combat situations, often under body armor. They were usually worn without armor by medical and science personnel during the Klingon War. ()
File:Buck Martinez.png|Commander Buck Martinez in a battlefield uniform with light blue doctor undershirt
File:Christine Chapel, 2250s.png|Christine Chapel in a battlefield uniform with nurse white undershirt, under body armor
File:Harper (J'Gal).png|Harper in a battlefield uniform with gray undershirt
===Body armor===
Protective tactical gear with flashlights on the shoulders could be worn in combat situations over the uniform. It was mostly black, with a division-colored breastplate and worn over the black combat uniform. () Some personnel, like special operations officers, wore a version with a black breastplate instead. ()
File:Christopher Pike body armor.png|Captain Christopher Pike wearing body armor with command gold breastplate
File:Tactical gear, 2259.png|Security officers wearing body armor with operations red breastplates
File:Sam Kirk body armor.png|Lieutenant George Samuel Kirk wearing body armor with sciences blue breastplate
File:Va'Al Trask.png|Lieutenant Va'Al Trask wearing body armor with special forces black breastplate
==Casual wear==
===Pajamas===
Starfleet crewmembers wore black regulation pajamas to bed, consisting of either long-sleeved or short-sleeved shirt and pants or boxers. ()
File:Uhura pajamas.jpg|Cadet Uhura wearing pajamas
File:Probasco.png|Probasco wearing pajamas
===Durag===
Crewmembers could also wear a cloth with Starfleet insignia tied around the top of the head to protect their hair during sleep. ()
===Sportswear===
Athletic wear was available for use during sporting or other leisure activities. Several varieties were issued, in various colors from black to red. (; )
One set included red leggings, black socks, a tunic, and a belt. The belt was colored, possibly indicating a certain ranking within a sport. Another option was a red unitard. The assignment patch was placed on the left breast of the tunic, and on the left side of the leggings or unitard. ()
File:La'an and M'Benga in athletic wear.png|Sportswear, 2259
File:Chapel and Uhura in athletic wear.png|Sportswear, 2259
File:M'Benga and Rah, judo fight.png|Mok'bara sportswear, 2259
File:Starfleet female athletic wear, 2266.jpg|Athletic unitard, 2266
File:Starfleet male athletic wear, 2266.jpg|Various sportswear, 2266
==Accessories==
===Belts===
====Equipment belt====
File:Laser pistol on belt.jpg|Gray laser pistol belt in 2265
File:Green and Berkley.jpg|Brown equipment belt
File:Enterprise security lieutenant 8.jpg|Black equipment belt
File:Dickerson.jpg|White honor guard belt
Equipment belts were worn with the standard duty uniforms, often by security personnel to carry laser pistols or phaser pistols. (; )
====Life support belt====
:See: Life support belt
===Headwear===
====Hat====
Officers had an optional service cap that could be worn along with their uniform. ()
====Knit cap====
A regulation beanie knit cap with a Starfleet delta badge could be worn along with the uniform. ()
==Embellishments==
===Station personnel insignia===
In 2259, while conducting an inspection and upgrade of the 's systems, Commander Pelia's Starfleet delta badge was mounted on a black trapezoid with curved corners and a gold border. ()
===Assignment patches===
Starfleet personnel of this era wore an assignment patch on their left breast. These patches varied in design by the service person's posting. An icon representing the wearer's division or department was located in the center of many of these patches. (; ; )
====Type A====
 	
Circa 2254	Circa 2265
Until 2266, it was not uncommon to see personnel with a mismatched uniform color and assignment patch icon. The following uniform color / assignment patch icon combinations have been seen: command / operations, operations / sciences, sciences / operations, and sciences / command. In addition, security personnel circa 2254 wore blue uniforms with a unique insignia resembling a squared-off letter C. By 2265, this insignia was dropped in favor of the standard operations insignia. ()
====Types B and C====
===Rank insignia===
Throughout this uniform's use, rank was indicated by cuff stripes of various styles. In the 2250s, enlisted personal had no rank stripes and all commissioned officers wore a single gold stripe. Chief petty officers wore a specially-patterned stripe. By 2265, the system remained unchanged, except that captains would wear two stripes. ()
Type A
Enlisted 	Chief petty officer	Commissioned officers	Captain
No insignia	 	 	
In the type B uniform style, the cuff stripes generally matched the division color – gold stripes for command division officers, red stripes for operations division officers, and blue stripes for sciences division officers. Medical officers' ranks were indicated by stripes. In this system, each rank had its own insignia instead of one for all commissioned officers. (; , et al)
Type B
Division 	Cadet	Ensign 	Lieutenant junior grade	Lieutenant	Lieutenant commander	Captain
Command 	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
Operations 	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
Sciences 	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
Doctor variant	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
Nurse variant 	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
 	 	No insignia	 	 	 	
Type B flag officer ranks
Type 	Fleet captain	Commodore	Vice admiral	Fleet admiral
Badge 	 	Unknown 	Unknown 	
Epaulet	No epaulet 	 	 	
In the mid 2260s, the rank system was updated. Full-width stripes were replaced by a slightly more intricate design while half-width stripes became dotted. (, et al)
Type C
Enlisted 	Ensign 	Lieutenant junior grade	Lieutenant	Lieutenant commander	Commander	Captain	Commodore	Vice admiral
No insignia	No insignia	 	 	 	 	 	 	
===Epaulet===
In 2254, at least one Starfleet uniform Starfleet bore an epaulet, possibly indicative of rank. ()
==Appendices==
===Appearances===
====Type A====
*
**
**
**
** 
**
** 
**
** 
** 
**
**
* 
* 
* 
*
** 
** 
====Type B====
* Every episode
*
**
** 
====Type C====
* Every episode except:
**
**
* Every episode
*
**
** 
*
**
**
*
*
** 
**
** 
** 
** 
**
*
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**
*
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*
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**
===Background information===
In the original pitch for the series, Gene Roddenberry generalized the uniform design, stating "Crew uniforms are 'naval' in general appearance, attractively simplified and utilitarian. Again, surprise variations are possible here too."
The Starfleet uniforms worn during were designed by William Ware Theiss, who returned to design the uniforms (which were further adapted into future versions on , , and in the TNG-era films by Robert Blackman).
The "Type A" uniform was in use only for the two Star Trek pilots, with the tunics appearing in several later episodes (see above) and the matched pants having been worn by extras in several early first season episodes, with the new updated tunics.
Although the "Type C" command division uniform tunics looked gold on most color TV sets, the costumes were actually lime-green. This issue was made light of in an in-joke from the first draft script of , in which Department of Temporal Investigations agents Dulmur and Lucsly – just prior to leaving space station Deep Space 9 – asked Benjamin Sisko one final question: what color had Kirk's uniform been. Sisko, having seen Kirk in both a duty uniform and wraparound tunic, simply answered, "Green." The greenish hue of the command tunics can be seen more clearly in the third season, when the fabric used for the tunics was changed from satin velour to a double-knit fabric that reflected the set lighting differently. The dress uniforms, made of a silk material, were always clearly green by comparison, and some darker green jumpsuits and wraparound tunics that were more clearly seen seemed to confirm that all the "gold-to-green" variations were part of the same color scheme. The so-called "beige" Type A uniforms which originated with were ironically a much more yellow color, but likewise appeared beige or pinkish under the lights.
The Type C first appeared in . Chronologically, the Type C uniforms first appeared in late 2265 in the flashback scenes in and the recording of Dr. Leonard McCoy's visit to Capella IV in .
With a few exceptions, all women in the Type C uniforms wore the skirt variant. One uniform seen on extras in TOS Season 1 was a woman's gold command uniform with pants. It was created for a scene in where a pretty crewwoman was transformed into an old hag, who might not have looked appropriate in a skirt uniform. It also made an appearance in . In regards to the collars on female uniforms, blue-collared uniforms were seen in TOS and TAS on Nurse Chapel, and red-collared uniforms were seen in TAS. Female gold command uniforms were rare on both series and were never seen with colored collars.
This uniform style was last seen in , although it was later recreated for and .
===Apocrypha===
In the IDW comic series Star Trek: Crew, engineering officers were depicted as wearing a Type A red uniform, with a red collar, alongside the beige uniforms as depicted in "The Cage" and "Where No Man Has Gone Before". In particular, these uniforms were depicted as only being worn in engineering, rather than elsewhere on the Enterprise, suggesting that since the engineering section of the Enterprise was never depicted during this era of TOS, such uniforms could have actually existed side-by-side with the beige Operations uniforms, thereby continuing the red division color established in Enterprise.
In the Marvel Comics series Star Trek: Early Voyages, an alternate Type A female duty uniform was depicted as a short dress with a high-necked collar, similar to the variant worn by Nurse Chapel during the late 2260s.
The alternate reality introduced in were based on the Type C design, though the timeframe of that film, and its sequels, has them in use when the previous uniform design and the Type A were being used. Star Trek: Countdown to Darkness, Issue 2 depicts the alternate reality version of this uniform already in use by 2239, suggesting that in the alternate reality the previous uniform and Type A were never adopted at all, unless they were used briefly after 2233.
===External links===
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de:Sternenflottenuniform (2265-2270)
de:Sternenflottenuniform (2250er-2265)
Starfleet uniform 05