Japans Historia

Id Japanese werdo pro "Japan" est 日本, quod est pronuncet formell-ye "Nippon" au moderne-ye "Nihon". Id 日 khanji maynt "sol" ed 本 hat plur maynens : raudh, surce, sul, edition. Her id sense est "Weusend Sol". Id Occidental nam ios land gwehmt sigwra ex id Medieval Chinese pronunciation tom khanjis, quod tun buit launto do id bahsa Indonesias ka Jepang, ed dind ab Portughesche nauts.
 
Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝, 1147-1199) buit dehtor ed is presto schogun ios Kamakura Schogunat os Japan. Is regnit ex 1192 do 1199.
==Feudal Japan==
Wict yant Prehistoria ab mongoloid populations ex id dayluk, Japano gnoht un precoce civilisation, integren ei Chinese cultural area. Ex China gwehme scriben, ieus ed id Buddha-dharmin religieus influence, quod se superpont ibs animiste traditions qua skeipe id national religion os Japan (Shinto)
Id Japanese Stat wardht ye id VIIim secule ed darmerasct ye id XIt secule. Is cesar (tenno), ayt os divin origin, behandt limiten maghs face ia feudala clans qua sib deile id land. Ex id XIIt secule do id end ios XVIt, vasta territorial peurstdems, in ia ghesors om megil swamens (daymios) beghapt samt heirs om professional jenchis (samurays) sont in quasi-permanent stand os mutual conflict. Est maung samkwehkia con id Europay Mediev.
Id creation ios schogunat in 1192 est tyicen ab iom samuray Minamoto-no-Yoritomo quod establiet in Kamakura (suder quem id actual urb Tokyo) uno militar gouvernement brungend id druv magh aun suppremes id imperial gouvernement.
 Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康, 1543-1616) buit dehtor ed is presto schogun ios Tokugawa Schogunat os Japan, eewaldhneut-yod de facto Japan ex id boi os Sekigahara in 1600 tiel id Meiji Restauration in 1868. Ieyasu lambh id waldh in 1600, buit taukilen ka Schogun in 1603, ed sgwohm ex amt in 1605, yed nanihsit id gouvernement tiel sieno mohrt in 1616. Eys kenis keiht postmortem-ye in id Nikkô Tôshô-gû schangdien.
==Id Tokugawa era==
Ye id end ios XVIt secule, pos un serie om civil weirs, Japan biht reoinihnum in 1603 sub id waldh ios Schogun Tokugawa Ieyasu qui beuwt Edo (nundiens Tokyo) sieno nagor menxu is cesar seddt in Kyoto.
Entrim, relations hant oistarten con Europe. In 1542, Portughesche nauts hant landen do Japan, bet id religieus proselytisme iom Christian kjiauschis dreibht un contrareaction : kay vergihes quodkwe gospoti intrusion, is trito Tokugawa cludt in 1636 vasya ports ploisko Nagasaki, quer landsient sub stricto control tik Nederlanders.
Id regime iom Tokugawa schoguns duret ex 1603 do 1867. Brilliant ye id artistic nivell, id Tokugawa era kweit med un economic stagnation ob id grancenbehnden ios land.
 Cesar Meiji (明治天皇, 1852-1912) buit is 122to Cesar os Japan sekwent id traditional aurdhen os succession, ed regnit ex 1867 tiel sieno mohrt. Is waniek unte un tid os oku change pro id Empire Japan, kun id nation mutawierdh ex un isolationiste feudal Stat do un capitaliste ed imperialiste mundstieure, quos kweitu buit id Japanese industrial revolution. In Japan, Cesars weide un ceremonial ed official nam, menxu ir personal nam neti biht nuden. Id personal nam os Cesar Meiji eet Mutsu-Hito.
==Id Meiji Era==
Id reghyanen iom ports in 1853, sub US pressem (expedition os Matthew Perry), dreibht un tant economic quem politic destabilisation. In 1867, brungend id mohrt ios cesar, un grupp reformisten gwaukan de modernise Japan kay salvguarde independence dwinght ei penkdemt Tokugawa schogun istife. Proclament tun id saul magh ios yun cesar Mutsu-Hito, gwehmt-yos ad page do Edo, biht-yod mutanamto do Tokyo. In 1868, is cesar mehldt id inkapem ios Meiji era - quod maynt "exclarat gouvernement".
Japan euct tun quasi quanto de Occident, weidend ids methodes, imitend idsa techniques, sib strugend un industrie. Proe-est ye id XIXt secule id saulo land os non-occidental civilisation quod integret id Industrial Revolution. Se beghapt samt un Constitution, un heir ed uno marine schowbeyna moderne-ye. Unte trigim yars (1870-1900), id Meiji Japan se metamorphoset.
Occident insaft tod nov stieure bad ye id end ios XIXt secule ob ia Japanese victorias contra China (1895) - ed id krig om Korea ed Formosa (Taywan) -, dind contra id Russian Empire (1905), quo beuwt Japan id egal iom occidental major Stats.
 Scene ios marboi Tsushima. Circum 1900, bo Cesars, is Japanese Mutsu-Hito ed is Russiano Nicolaus II, eiskwt lambhnes Manjukwok ed Korea. Japan inkapt id weiro dieno 9 Februar 1904 torpedend-ye aun weirdeclaration sept Russian navs in Port-Artur (nundiens Lüshunkou in nordeusto China). In Aprile, Japan start un offensive in Manjukwok ed, in Jul, entreprindt siege Port-Artur. Unte 1905, Russiana marloubias vahnt kowpe-se, besonters in Mukden, dien 10 Mart, ed in Tsushima dien 28 Mai, quo, ye inland nivell, se addeiht ibs revolutionarims troubles in Russia. Is Tsar dehlct cedde, med id Traiteito ios 5 September 1905, Port-Artur, id Liaodong kimber ed Sud-Sakhalin im Japaneses. Ti ghehdent taiper age leudher-ye in Manjukwok ed Korea.
==Imperialiste Japan==
Ta successa, un staur ed traditional national gurur tem quem id crehscend place ios militar unte ia 1930tias vahnt encourage un stets ambitieuser gospoti siyassa. It antplehct un kriglasni ideologia quod bezielt swekwehre ad Japan un suprematia in Downgjien ed in id Pacific, besonters contra i Britisch, Franceois ed US-Americans. Pro to, id land tyeict un proschgumt kye Nazi Deutschland ed fasciste Italia, symboliset ab id Tripartite Pact os 1940. Entrim, Japan hat ja attaquet China, ex quod id hieb yant 1932 rohft Manjukwok ed quos hol caust id occupeneut pon 1937.
Wakyas precipitent-se in December 1941, quando Japan attaquet per surprise ia Uniet Stats os America (raid contra ir naval base Pearl Harbor, Haway), quo dreibht Washington do Mund Weir Dwo. Pos meteoric successa ed nespekent id fanatisme om sien soldats, Japan subeiht marloubia pos marloubia in Pacific. Naweight pos id Nazi capitulation os Mai 1945, hina ia nuclear bombardements om Hiroshima ed Nagasaki ei-pet dwinghe fuschioue.
 Sensto megil sakerdot os Shinto, quo iom buw iom egal uns Div, Hiro-Hito gnahsit in 1901 ed bihsit Cesar in 1928. Dahsit sien aval ei expansioniste siyassa iom nationaliste askaris ab 1931. Tod dreibht id conflict contra China ed id alliance con ia stieures ios Axe, in 1940, quos resultat sessiet id marloubia in Mund Weir Dwo. Pos ia US atomic bombardements, is Cesar acceptet id capitulation dien 15 August 1945, dind, ye id prest ker, wehkwt direct-ye sien popule. Kay facilihes id waldh uper Japan, i US-Americans decide mae sudye iom po weircrimes bet is dehlct tyehgve sien divin status ed ses ne meis quem is symbolic rays uns democratic Japan. Tod photo deict iom (dexi) stahndo nieb iom US Generalissim Douglas McArthur unte iro presto samghat in 1945. Hiro-Hito, quos symbolic nam est Shōwa Tennō / 昭和天皇 mohr in 1999.
==Democratic Japan==
Occupet ab i victor US-Americans, Japan sib daht un democratic constitution, un parlamentaro regime quer is cesar hat tik un symbolic rol. Sam-ye, id lando tyehgvt habe un aggressionsarmee. Ep ta bases, gnoht ab ia 1950tias un spectacular economic restausa favorisen ab id politic stabilitat. Klut ob id qualitat sienen industrial products, Japan se specialiset do avancet technologias (optique, electronique, robotique). Unte ia 1970tias, id biht id dwoto tienxia economic stieure.
Tod mussalsal croscto gehnt lakin un speculative burbule quos sprehngen, in-kap ia 1990tias, hat provoquen un durable stagnation quetos ad Japano moliet salge nundiens.
 
 Fumio Kishida (gnahn in 1957) est is Premier Minister Japans pon dien 4 October 2021.
==Id Japanese economic stieure==
Tiel ia 1970tias, id Japanese economia hat kiht ep un staur industrial spand (automobil, verfts, electronique) ed id teulgen om extreme-ye concentren corporations os tienxia dimension (Toyota, Sony). Agriculture ed peisken, qua employeer in 1930 50% os mandover, skeipe ne meis quem 4%. Pon 1980, id part ios servicen sector ne hat oistopt crehsce, udmikdarnd 65% ios orbatsforce in 2011. Beghis raumaterias ed energia surces, Japanese economia dependti maung id gwiso siens extro commerce. Id efficience ios Japanese systeme hat esen maung dulgen ei conjunction inter un important effort om paursken ed innovation ed un social pace hassilet, tant per id vergeihsa iom conflicts quem id garantie os jumiung employ, gentor uns druv "entreprise patriotisme". Politic milieus, hog administration ed i privat uber managers hant dayim agen in total collaboration. Id sparen, encouraget ye id detriment ios inland consumm, hat piwt un capitalkowp quod facileiht investions ed plenorbatia. Dar nundiens, nespekent id economic crise, Japan continuet habe oino iom tienxia ghemst beghsorbatia ratios (3,4 % in 2015).
Tod model buit yed vankihn ab id marasmus iom 1990tias (id "lusto decennium"), subsequent ibs beurs ed fawngdiaschan excessims.
Nespekent un kowpen om nehsplans, Japan hat mergen do deflation ed ids public dulg hat ubsprohnct - id skeipt in 2015 245% ios bruttios inland product (BIP). Eti, ia Japanese entreprises hant dohlgen se adapte ibs nov conditions os globalisation. Pos 2002 rinkiep un lent croscto quan id 2008 tienxia economic crise renquestionit hol. In 2011, id nuclear catastrophe os Fukushima se hat addihn ibs difficultats ed dribhen politic srehts. Pon 2012, un nov conservative (reiken ios Liberal-Democratic Partise) majoritato tentet kayjine id situationo med un accomodant budgetar ed monetar siyassa.
Id land gweupt important vantages, preter id qualitat sienios mandover ed ids hog nivell om paursken ed innovation. In 2012, ids BIP mikdier quasi 6 billions US dollaren ed id vyige ios enorm public dulg eet part-ye compensen ab id fact od, nekam Europe ni ia USA, id quasi-totalitat iom deulgens est xihn ab nationals ed ne ab gospoti interesses. Quosmed siet Japan se adapte uni stets meis globaliset mercat ? In 2010, udperformen ab China, Japan hat rancto ghom ex adadho dwo do tri ka tienxia economic stieure. Itak spehct Japan preter kye sien Asiat niebers, ed besonters id meg promissor Chinese mercat. Lakin, pro to tehrbient se normalise ia relations inter bo lands, api pelu dawas nadure : souverainitat uper archipelegvs ios China Mar, ressentimento tarikhend ex Mund Weir Dwo, relations con ia USA. Zowngschie remant Japan un significanto tienxia stieure os nundiens mund.
Category:Historia