Finis Valorum

Finis Valorum was a human male politician from House Valorum who served as the penultimate Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic. His chancellorship was hampered by corruption and bureaucracy in the Galactic Senate, which he was unable to bring under control.
Toward the end of his administration, Valorum attempted to resolve the Trade Federation's Invasion of Naboo, to little effect. As a result of government inaction, the Queen, Padmé Amidala, called for a Vote of No Confidence in his leadership. The Senate scheduled an election for a new Chancellor, and he was replaced by Senator Sheev Palpatine of Naboo; however, Palpatine was secretly Darth Sidious, the Dark Lord of the Sith, and had orchestrated the Naboo Crisis to become Supreme Chancellor and, ultimately, transform the Republic into the Galactic Empire.
During the Clone Wars, over ten years after his political downfall, Valorum assisted the Jedi Order as they investigated the circumstances surrounding the death of Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas who, during the chancellor’s administration, had been sent on a mission to resolve a dispute with the spice dealers known as the Pyke Syndicate. The Jedi learned Sifo-Dyas had been killed during the mission by the Syndicate at the behest of the Sith; the dark lords had desired control of the clone army he had secretly commissioned for the Republic. Much later, during the Imperial Era, the Empire remembered the former chancellor as a weak, ineffectual leader who had done little to improve galactic order, while in contrast, some Coruscanti continued to have fond memories of their former head of state.
==Biography==
===Early career and chancellery===
Finis Valorum was born into the influential House Valorum on Coruscant, the capital of the Galactic Republic, and was a descendant of the Republic's first Supreme Chancellor. For his entire life, he planned to ascend to the Office of the Chancellor.Star Wars Character Encyclopedia: Updated and Expanded He entered into political life and became a civil servant within the Galactic Republic, where House Valorum held much prestige and influence. At some point early in his political career, he served as an administrator to Supreme Chancellor Skor Kalpana, and with the chancellor, Senator Sheev Palpatine of Naboo, and other dignitaries, Valorum attended the commencement and commissioning ceremonies at the Sullust Sector Spacefarers Academy. He was himself elected to the chancellery by the Galactic Senate in 40 BBY.Star Wars: Timelines dates the flashback section of Tarkin in which it is mentioned that Finis Valorum had been re-elected Chancellor to 36 BBY. As Star Wars Propaganda: A History of Persuasive Art in the Galaxy establishes that the Galactic Republic Supreme Chancellors served four-year terms, Valorum must have served as Chancellor beginning in 40 BBY. Furthermore, Timelines dates his removal from office to 32 BBY. During his administration, his political power became hampered by the massive bureaucracies of the government, and he became mired in accusations of corrupt conduct.
Senator Palpatine believed that Valorum did not care about the lower levels of Coruscant, beneath its surface, and suggested that he was happy to pretend they did not exist.Obi-Wan and Anakin 2 At some point during his chancellorship, however, there was a crisis in the Pyke Syndicate, a criminal organization dealing in spice, that could have resulted in a full-scale crime war beneath Coruscant's surface. In order to stabilize the Pykes, who held almost complete control over raw spice used to create illicit drugs, the chancellor contacted Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas, who had experience with the criminal underworld. Valorum did not, however, inform the Jedi High Council that he was sending his personal aide, Silman, with Sifo-Dyas to the Pyke planet of Oba Diah; the Senate feared that holding open discussions with the Pykes could legitimize their criminal activities and offer opposition leaders in the bureaucracy an opportunity to take down his administration.
After arriving on Oba Diah, Sifo-Dyas was diverted to Felucia by the Jedi Council, who ordered him to deal with a conflict between Felucian tribes. As Silman and the Jedi Master were leaving the planet, the Pykes—who had been hired by the Sith Lord Darth Tyranus—shot Sifo-Dyas‘s ship down, killing the Jedi and taking Silman as a prisoner. Valorum and the Jedi were left believing that the pair had both been killed on Felucia. At some point before the Invasion of Naboo, the chancellor dispatched Jedi Master Mace Windu to Oosalon so he could free several kidnapped Jedi Padawans from Guattako the Grim and end the threat there once and for all, as the fearless warlord was planning to continue with his pursuit of kidnapping children to recruit into his child army. Some time before his reelection, Valorum witnessed the acrobatic skills of the Frenk Twazzi, whose proficiency he praised.
===Reelection and second term===
Towards the end of his chancellery, and against political expectations, Valorum was elected to a second term. According to Palpatine, who presented himself as an ally but—as Darth Sidious, the Dark Lord of the Sith—secretly plotted Valorum's downfall, Valorum was allowed to win by special interest groups who exploited legal loopholes, such as in Republic free trade laws, and needed a Chancellor who would become entangled in the governmental bureaucracies. Despite his reelection, citizens on Coruscant began placing bets on whether Valorum would be able to serve a full term. It was at that time that Palpatine's name was whispered as a potential successor.
Valorum's chancellery was furthered hampered when he attempted to investigate the events of a disastrous trade summit on Eriadu, but was stonewalled by Eriadu's planetary governor, Wilhuff Tarkin, at the request of Palpatine. Tarkin himself had been elected governor on Eriadu despite opposition from House Valorum, further weakening the Chancellor's position. All the same, surviving an assassination attempt during the Eriadu Conference granted Valorum a brief boost in popularity that allowed him to push through taxational legislation.Rise of the Separatists Under Prop 31-814D, the galaxy's Free Trade Zones became liable to taxation.
In the final months of Valorum's chancellery, work began on the millennial celebrations intended to mark the thousand-year anniversary of the foundation of the Galactic Republic, which followed the last war between the Jedi and the Sith. Valorum and his team spent time exploring logo designs and artwork to commemorate the event, and the chancellor himself was intimately involved in the design process. Valorum rejected 250 different revisions for a millennial invitation for a variety of reasons—such as the warmth of the design as well as its exclusivity—out of concern for his declining public image. He ultimately delegated the responsibility for the design to Senator Palpatine, who finalized a design that featured Sistros Nevet, the ancient lawmaker who helped create the original constitution of the Republic after the fall of the Sith. The concept and layout were created by the artist Naveela Betuine, while the final execution was done by Dashira Dobeq.Star Wars Propaganda: A History of Persuasive Art in the Galaxy
===Political downfall===
====Under siege====
During Valorum's time in office, the Republic found itself in disagreement over the taxation of trade routes to outlying star systems. The Trade Federation, which held a monopoly on shipping in the Outer Rim, was upset by the profits set to be lost to taxes under Prop 31-814D, which it had opposed after its proposal but failed to stop. Around 33 BBY, talks between the Federation and Naboo delegates broke down, which was seen as an issue for Valorum.Jango Fett 1 The Federation also began to threaten blockades in response the new taxes it needed to pay, creating another crisis for Valorum. Overall, in fact, Valorum would find his administration suffering embarrassment after embarrassment by that time.
Around the same time as the Federation's blockade threats, Valorum's administration attempted to put a stop to the ongoing war between the Anselmi and Nautolan peoples of the planet Glee Anselm. Looking for a way to support a Anselmi–Nautolan treaty and prolong an uneasy peace between the two races, Valorum personally ordered the Republic Museum to release the invaluable Hope of Glee Anselm statue to both peoples, hoping a past symbol of Anselmi–Nautolan cooperation could begin a new era of peace. In a ceremony presided over by Republic Governor Tok, who was secretly working to undermine the entire process as an agent of Count Dooku, Tok unveiled the Hope of Glee Anselm, only for it to be quickly stolen by a group of Nautolan extremists.
Losing the statue was yet another embarrassment for Valorum, who offered no comment to the press when asked. In the end, the revelation that the Nautolan Ambassador Fiarok was behind the robbery shattered any hope of peace for Glee Anselm, although Fiarok himself claimed to have been set up. The failure of the peace effort was yet another major blow to Valorum, who sat alone in the dark of his office after learning the news. The incident was a victory for Dooku, who knew the conflict on Glee Anslem would further destabilize the Republic government. In secret, Dooku was working with Sidious to bring what he saw as peace and order to the galaxy by working against a corrupt government.
====Blockade of Naboo====
In 32 BBY,Star Wars: Galactic Atlas mere months after the major blow Valorum suffered with the Anselmi–Nautolan war, the Federation put forth its own Mid Rim trade route bill—which secretly had been written by Sidious—that was repeatedly voted down and then suddenly brought back up in the Senate, much to Valorum's annoyance.Queen's Peril In retaliation to Prop 31-814D and hoping such an action would support its own bill, the Trade Federation blockaded the planet Naboo in an attempt to force the Senate into a resolution favorable to the Federation. The Naboo Crisis was secretly engineered by Palpatine in order to end Valorum's chancellery, and was partly hastened by the events of the trade summit on Eriadu. The blockade cut off essential supplies to Naboo, plunging the Republic into a political crisis that the Senate was unable to resolve.
To resolve the blockade, Valorum sent Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and his Padawan, Obi-Wan Kenobi, to negotiate with Nute Gunray, the Viceroy of the Trade Federation. The Federation attempted to kill the two Jedi and started an invasion of the planet shortly thereafter. Queen Padmé Amidala of Naboo escaped the planet with the help of the Jedi and traveled to Coruscant, seeking the help of Chancellor Valorum and the Senate. Valorum called for a special Senate session so Amidala could plead her case.
====Vote of No Confidence====
The Senate session, which Valorum presided over, proved unproductive for Amidala's cause. Senator Palpatine and Queen Amidala proclaimed that the Federation had invaded Naboo, a claim that Lott Dod, the Senator from the Trade Federation, disputed on the basis that no proof had been provided. Dod recommended to the Chancellor that the Senate appoint a commission to study the allegations, a recommendation that was seconded by the representatives of the planet Malastare. Valorum consulted with his advisors, including Vice Chair Mas Amedda, and ultimately asked Amidala whether she would accept a commission. Amidala refused and, at Palpatine's urging, called for a Vote of No Confidence in Valorum's leadership. Unknown to Valorum was that Amedda was secretly working for Palpatine, and he knew that Valorum's indecision would make him look weak and present an opportunity to oust him from office.
Amidala's motion led to Valorum's removal from office. A new election was called to replace him, and led to the nominations of Senator Palpatine, Bail Antilles of Alderaan, and Ainlee Teem of Malastare. As Palpatine had predicted, the Invasion of Naboo created a sympathy vote in the Senate, and he was elected Supreme Chancellor in Valorum's place. Due to Valorum and the Senate's inability to act, Queen Amidala also returned to her planet and, with the help of the Jedi that Valorum had first sent to Naboo, ended the invasion.
===Post-chancellorship===
Valorum's political fall and the liberation of Naboo led to changes within the shipping conglomerates. The Trade Federation's monopoly on the Outer Rim was broken, and Valorum Shipping, controlled by House Valorum, suffered a loss of prestige. As a result, other companies, such as Eriadu Mining and Shipping, found new prosperity.
Valorum maintained an estate on Coruscant for several years after his chancellorship. During the Clone Wars, which were partly precipitated by the Naboo Crisis and which were also engineered by Chancellor Palpatine, the Jedi found a lightsaber that had once belonged to Sifo-Dyas, who the Jedi had previously learned was the one who secretly commissioned the creation of the clone troopers comprising the ranks of the Grand Army of the Republic. The Jedi began investigating Sifo-Dyas' disappearance, which led to the uncovering of a file sealed by Valorum's administration regarding the events on Oba Diah. Yoda, the Grand Master of the Jedi Order and an old friend of the former Chancellor's, met with Valorum at Valorum's estate on Coruscant. At Yoda's request, the ex-Chancellor recounted the events that led to the mission on Oba Diah. Valorum's information led Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker to Oba Diah, where they discovered that Silman was still alive—though he was soon killed by Count Dooku—and that the Sith had helped orchestrate the creation of the clone army.
===Legacy===
Thirteen years after he conspired to remove Valorum from office in order to seize power for himself, Palpatine ordered the systematic genocide of the Jedi by the clone armies, reorganized the Republic into the Galactic Empire, and declared himself Galactic Emperor. Despite Valorum's reputation as an ineffective leader, some Coruscanti citizens had fond memories of the former Supreme Chancellor and gossiped about him, particularly after Emperor Palpatine all but removed himself from public life. In 5 BBY,"Announcement" takes place in 5 BBY per the reasoning here Valorum's name was spoken among the murmur of voices at multiple dinner parties held by Chandrilan senator Mon Mothma. By 3 BBY,Star Wars: Galactic Atlas places Leia Organa's birth in 19 BBY. The events of Leia, Princess of Alderaan commence just after Organa's sixteenth birthday, which places the events of the novel in 3 BBY. the Emperor's Museum on Coruscant remembered the former Chancellor as a "weak, ineffectual" leader who had done little to improve the state of the Republic.
==Personality and traits==
Valorum was a human male who stood at 1.7 meters (5 feet, 7 inches). By his chancellorship, he had white hair, blue eyes, and fair skin.
For his entire life, Valorum prepared for when he could one day become the Supreme Chancellor. Once elected, he enjoyed the privileges that came with being the leader of the Republic, though this attitude was to his detriment as ordinary voters did not respond well to it. Despite this, while his administration was hampered by corruption and the complex bureaucracies of the Republic, as Supreme Chancellor he was nonetheless a well-meaning man and a progressive diplomat. Valorum was reelected several times, and celebrated each time by redecorating his office, changing the color scheme of his surroundings.The Living Force
Valorum held a low opinion of senators who represented companies instead of worlds; however, such an opinion was old fashioned by the time he was Chancellor, resulting in him keeping it private. In fact, he worked to ensure he did not showcase bias towards either type of senator. The final days of his term saw him attempt to resolve the conflict between the Trade Federation and Naboo, but his efforts led to his removal from office.
==Skills and abilities==
Though well-intentioned in his approach to governance, Valorum was nonetheless unable to rein in the complex and powerful bureaucracies that the Senate had become entangled in. According to Palpatine, Valorum's reelection was achieved only through the desires of the special interests, who wanted a Chancellor who would be unable to push back on their power and influence. Despite being unable to control them, he was aware of them and could at times counter them. When he assigned Sifo-Dyas to deal with the conflict in the Pyke Syndicate, Valorum and the Senate committee in charge of the situation feared that open negotiations with the Pykes could legitimize the Syndicate's criminal enterprise, as well as strengthen opposition leaders in the bureaucracy. As a result, they chose to keep their discussions with the Pykes a secret.
The end of Valorum's chancellery was marked by inaction over the Naboo Crisis, as Valorum deferred to the interests of the Trade Federation, despite wanting to help Naboo during the invasion. His inability to control the bureaucracies allowed Palpatine to exploit Valorum's political weaknesses, which led to Valorum's removal from office as well as the election for Palpatine as the new Chancellor.
==Equipment==
Valorum wore an ornate blue velvet overcloak.Star Wars: The Visual Encyclopedia
==Behind the scenes==
Supreme Chancellor Valorum first appeared in Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace, where he was played by Terence Stamp. Stamp, who filmed all of Valorum's scenes against a blue screen, took the role of Valorum because he felt that the character was not a one-dimensional cameo, and he wanted to work with George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars and the writer and director of The Phantom Menace. Stamp did not have much time to prepare for the role and was unable to read the full script, so he felt he did not have much to base his character on. To understand what Valorum was like, Lucas told Stamp that Valorum was similar to then-United States President Bill Clinton, describing Valorum as "a good man but he's beleaguered," though Stamp noted that this was prior to Clinton's impeachment trial. Stamp later expressed disappointment in the role and how it was filmed—despite appearing in scenes with Natalie Portman, the two never acted together on set.
The character returned for a second canon appearance in "The Lost One," the tenth episode of The Lost Missions, the sixth and penultimate season of the animated television series Star Wars: The Clone Wars. For the animated appearance, the character was designed by The Clone Wars artist Kilian Plunkett and voiced by Ian Ruskin. The character's full name of Finis Valorum, which was not used in The Phantom Menace or "The Lost One," was introduced into official canon in the 2014 mobile app Star Wars Journeys: The Phantom MenaceStar Wars Journeys: The Phantom Menace as well as the novel Tarkin, by James Luceno; the name was previously used in Star Wars Legends,Star Wars: Episode I The Visual Dictionary including stories such as Luceno's 2001 novel Cloak of Deception.Cloak of Deception
The name "Valorum" has been part of Star Wars since the earliest drafts of Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope. In The Star Wars: Rough Draft, Valorum was a Sith knight who was demoted to the level of stormtrooper after failing to capture Rebel fighters, before defecting from the Galactic Empire and joining the Rebels;The Star Wars rough draft the character bore some similarities to Darth Vader. For The Star Wars: First Draft, the character was renamed Dodana.The Star Wars first draft The name Valorum was again used in a later draft, titled Adventures of the Starkiller, Episode I: The Star Wars. Although he did not physically appear in the story, Prince Espaa Valorum was the Master of the Sith and the ruler of the Galactic Empire on Alderaan. Darth Vader served as his second in command.Adventures of the Starkiller, Episode I: The Star Wars
A discrepancy about Valorum arose after the publication of Star Wars Character Encyclopedia: Updated and Expanded in 2016. The Databank on StarWars.com lists Valorum's height as 1.83 meters, while Star Wars Character Encyclopedia: Updated and Expanded lists it as 1.7 meters.
==Appearances==
===Non-canon appearances===
*William Shakespeare's The Phantom of Menace: Star Wars Part the First
*LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga 
==Sources==
==Notes and references==
Category:Administrators
Category:Coruscanti
Category:House Valorum
Category:Humans
Category:Individuals with he/him pronouns
Category:Males
Category:Supreme Chancellors