American Gigolo

video|right|300px right|300px 
American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime-dramahttp://m.imdb.com/title/tt0080365/ film starring Richard Gere, Lauren Hutton, Hector Elizondo, Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke, written and directed by Paul Schrader. It tells the story of Julian Kaye, a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case.
The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man, and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star. It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack, composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single "Call Me" by Blondie.
Schrader considers it one of four similar films, which he calls "double bookends": Taxi Driver, bookended by Light Sleeper, and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker.
==Plot==
Julian Kaye (Richard Gere) is a male escort in Los Angeles whose job supports his expensive taste in cars and clothes, and his plush Westwood apartment. He is blatantly materialistic, narcissistic and superficial; however, he claims to take some pleasure in his work from being able to sexually satisfy women.
Julian's procuress, Anne (Nina Van Pallandt), sends him on an assignment with a wealthy old widow, Mrs. Dobrun (Carole Cook), who is visiting town. Afterwards, he goes to the hotel bar and meets Michelle Stratton (Lauren Hutton), a senator's beautiful but unhappy wife, who becomes interested in him. Meanwhile, Julian's other pimp, Leon (Bill Duke), sends him to Palm Springs on an assignment to the house of Mr. Rheiman (Tom Stewart), a wealthy financier. Rheiman asks Julian to have rough, sado-masochistic sex with his wife Judy (Patricia Carr) while he watches them. The next day, Julian berates Leon for sending him to a "rough trick" and makes it clear he does not do kinky or gay assignments. 
As Julian begins to get to know Michelle, he learns that Judy Rheiman has been murdered. Los Angeles Police Department Detective Sunday (Hector Elizondo) investigates Julian as a primary suspect. Though he was with another client, Lisa Williams (K Callan), on the night of the murder, she refuses to give Julian an alibi in order to protect her and her husband's reputations.
As Julian's relationship with Michelle deepens, evidence connecting him with the murder mounts. He soon realizes that he is being framed (finding jewels from the Rheiman house planted in his car) and grows increasingly desperate. His mounting anguish is visually represented by a degeneration in style; his clothes become dirty and rumpled, he goes unshaven, and he goes incognito in a cheap rental car, after discovering that someone is hiring people to follow him.
Julian finally concludes that Leon and Rheiman himself are the ones trying to frame him, and that one of Leon's other gigolos is the real murderer. He goes to confront Leon, telling him he knows everything, but Leon refuses to help him. Julian pleads with Leon to clear his name, even offering to work exclusively for him and do kink and gay assignments, but Leon remains implacable. During a brief scuffle, Julian accidentally pushes Leon over the apartment balcony and he falls to his death.
With no one to help him, Julian ends up in jail, awaiting trial for the Rheiman murder. However, when all seems lost, Michelle risks her reputation and her marriage to provide Julian with the alibi that can save him from prison.
==Cast==
* Richard Gere as Julian Kaye
* Lauren Hutton as Michelle Stratton
* Hector Elizondo as Detective Joe Sunday
* Nina van Pallandt as Anne
* Bill Duke as Leon
* Carole Cook as Mrs. Dobrun
* K Callan as Lisa Williams
* Tom Stewart as Mr. Rheiman
* Patricia Carr as Judy Rheiman
==Production==
Christopher Reeve reportedly turned down the part of Julian Kaye despite being offered a million-dollar fee,Holley, J., 2004. A Leading Man for Spinal Cord Research. The Washington Post, [internet] 12 October. Available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A23222-2004Oct11.html [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n3XvSoO5?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A23222-2004Oct11.html. before Richard Gere became attached to the role. Reeve was offered the role by the studio, namely Barry Diller at Paramount Pictures, but writer/director Paul Schrader didn't want to cast him and telephoned Reeves's agent trying to persuade him not to read the script. Gere said in 2012 that he was drawn to the role because of its gay subtext. "I read it and I thought, 'This is a character I don't know very well. I don't own a suit. He speaks languages; I don't speak any languages. There's kind of a gay thing that's flirting through it and I didn't know the gay community at all.' I wanted to immerse myself in all of that and I had literally two weeks. So I just dove in."Richard Gere Accepted American Gigolo Role Because of Gay Subtext
John Travolta became interested in the part and briefly acted in it before getting "cold feet" and being replaced by Gere.Jones, C. 2002. Richard Gere: On guard. [Online] BBC (Updated 27 Dec 2002) Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2591237.stm [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n2vlsIV6?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2Fuk%2F2000%2Fnewsmakers%2F2591237.stm. This is not the only role that Travolta has turned down only to be taken by Gere: it had previously happened with Days of Heaven (1978)Gilbey, R. 2009. Who's next for a Mickey Rourke-style comeback?. [Online] Guardian.co.uk (Updated 17 Feb 2009) Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2009/feb/16/mickey-rourke-wrestler [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n2wXCKBR?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2009/feb/16/mickey-rourke-wrestler. and occurred again when Travolta was offered the lead in both An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) and Chicago (2002).Lawrence, W., 2007. Travolta as you've never seen him before. Times Online, [internet] 30 June. Available at http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article1989219.ece [Accessed 25 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n2wl0xoV?url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article1989219.ece. Paul Schrader had threatened to sue Travolta if Richard Gere wasn't cast in the film knowing full well that Travolta had his eye on the script of another Paramount production Urban Cowboy (1980). Gere's very brief nude scenes marked the first time a major Hollywood actor was frontally nude in a film.Persall, S., 2009. Male movie stars' naughty bits are nothing new. St. Petersburg Times, [internet] 7 March. Available at http://www.tampabay.com/features/movies/article981982.ece [Accessed 24 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n26DnQUF?url=http://www.tampabay.com/features/movies/article981982.ece.Dirks, T. 2009. History of Sex in Cinema: The Greatest and Most Influential Sexual Films and Scenes. [Online] Filmsite.org (Updated 2009) Available at: http://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms.html (part 27) [Accessed 24 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n26j4TVJ?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fsexinfilms27.html. According to Gere, the nudity was not in the original script. "It was just in the natural process of making the movie. I certainly felt vulnerable, but I think it's different for men than women."
Julie Christie was originally cast in the role of Michelle Stratton, but her departure was precipitated by Gere's replacement of Travolta.Yahoo! Movies. 2010. Julie Christie Biography. [Online] Yahoo! (Updated 2010) Available at: http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800020090/bio [Accessed 26 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n4P3DZgY?url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800020090/bio. By the time Gere had returned to the project, Lauren Hutton had already been hired. Meryl Streep was also offered the part of Michelle, but declined because she did not like the tone of the film.Smurthwaite, N., 1984. The Meryl Streep Story. Beaufort Books. ISBN 978-0-8253-0229-9.
Schrader acknowledges that Pickpocket (1959) by the French director Robert Bresson was a direct influence on the film;Thompson, R.J., 1998. Pickpocket. Senses of Cinema, [online] 1998. Available at: http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/00/7/pickpocket.html [Accessed 27 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n6kr6A2S?url=http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/00/7/pickpocket.html.Auty, C. 2008. Robert Bresson's Pickpocket. [Online] Film Forum (Updated 4 Aug 2008) Available at: http://www.filmforum.org/films/pickpocket.html [Accessed 27 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n6lFFD91?url=http://www.filmforum.org/films/pickpocket.html. the composition of the final shot draws heavily from the film,Johnston, S., 2003. Film-makers on film: Paul Schrader. Telegraph.co.uk, [internet] 25 January. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3589003/Film-makers-on-film-Paul-Schrader.html [Accessed 26 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n5CfRHMB?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3589003/Film-makers-on-film-Paul-Schrader.html.Dawson, T. 2005. Pickpocket (2005). [Online] BBC (Updated 3 Apr 2005) Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/04/pickpocket_2005_review.shtml [Accessed 26 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n5CyDtou?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/04/pickpocket_2005_review.shtml. as does the final dialogue.Sight & Sound. 2007. Robert Bresson: Alias Grace. British Film Institute, [internet] November 2007. Available at: http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49407 [Accessed 26 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n5DP9fzc?url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49407. Schrader later provided an introduction to the Criterion Collection DVD of Pickpocket. Schrader re-visited many of the themes of American Gigolo in his 2007 film, The Walker,Malcolm, D., 2007. American gigolo in the frame. London Evening Standard, [internet] 9 August. Available at http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/film/review-23407689-american-gigolo-in-the-frame.do [Accessed 27 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n65HEfVh?url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/film/review-23407689-american-gigolo-in-the-frame.do. and says the idea for that film came about while wondering what would have become of the Julian Kaye character.Schrader, P. 2007. The Walker. [Online] Landmark Theatres (Updated 2007) Available at: http://www.landmarktheatres.com/mn/walker.html [Accessed 27 January 2010]. Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/5n65msC6g?url=http://www.landmarktheatres.com/mn/walker.html.
The film is widely credited to have established Giorgio Armani in Hollywood, since the Italian designer's clothes are featured prominently in Julian Kaye's wardrobe. When John Travolta agreed to star in the film, Armani provided him with many outfits to wear as Julian Kay. When Travolta walked off the project, Schrader hired Richard Gere; Travolta was a svelte six-footer, whereas Gere was much shorter and more muscular, so Armani's wardrobe did not fit Gere. The designer's team had to make new clothing for the smaller actor.http://clothesonfilm.com/american-gigolo-armani-gere/13314/
==Soundtrack==
The film's soundtrack was composed by Giorgio Moroder. The main theme song of the film is "Call Me" performed by Blondie. The song was written by Moroder and Blondie vocalist Debbie Harry, and became a huge worldwide hit in 1980. It peaked at number one in various countries including the US and the UK, and became the highest selling single of 1980 in the United States. In 1981, the song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.
==Reception==
The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, as the film holds a 67% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews.
==TV show==
In October 2014, Jerry Bruckheimer announced plans to adapt the movie into a television series. In October 2016, Neil Labute will write the series for Showtime.
==See also==
* Candaulism
* American Gigolo (soundtrack)
==References==
==External links==
* 
* 
* 
Category:1980 films
Category:1980s crime drama films
Category:American films
Category:American crime drama films
Category:English-language films
Category:American erotic films
Category:Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
Category:Films about sexuality
Category:Films directed by Paul Schrader
Category:Films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer
Category:Films set in California
Category:Films shot in California
Category:Films about male prostitution
Category:Paramount Pictures films
Category:Film scores by Giorgio Moroder
Category:Screenplays by Paul Schrader