Tharbad

Tharbad was a city and a ford on the southern edge of Eriador, high up along the once densely forested banks of the Gwathló.
== Geography ==
Above Tharbad the rivers Mitheithel and Glanduin met to form the big river Gwathló; their sluggish water spread to a network of swamps, pools and eyots, fens populated by swans, and many other waterbirds. This huge fenland the elves named 'Nîn-in-Eilph'.
The city was built across Greyflood below that point; the Greenway crossed the river at a ford there and became the "Old South Road".
== History ==
=== The Second Age ===
In the early Second Age the 'Swanfleet' river, entered the southern part of the Noldorin realm Eregion. In the sixth century of that Age Aldarion went much on land as well as sea, and went up the River Gwathló as far as Tharbad, and there met Galadriel.
Such early river voyages were also made by hardy explorers of Númenor, in ships of smaller draught, but such journeys up the Gwathló increased rapidly after the Númenóreans constructed a small harbour at the river's estuary to exploit the local timber: 'Vinyalondë', 'the New Haven'.
By S.A. 1695, the Númenóreans were devastating the forests below Tharbad, and had been obliged to build forts both at the Haven and along the river, to protect their ship-building yards and wood-stores from the local population, who were understandably hostile, treated as enemies.
Despite overrunning all of Eriador in the war which began in that year, Sauron's armies had eventually been forced back to the fortified River Gwathló, where they were held. Beforehand, Sauron had not enough force to spare for any assault upon the forts, but late in the war he had summoned more forces, which were approaching from the south-east, and were indeed in Enedwaith at the Crossing of Tharbad, which was only lightly held.
Whether Tharbad's defences - which presumably consisted of the most northerly of the Gwathló's river forts - were overcome is uncertain, but Tharbad did become the site of The Battle of the Gwathló, where after having his army caught in the rear by Ciryatur, who had hurried up the Gwathló from Lond Daer, Sauron was routed utterly.
Tharbad is not mentioned in surviving records for more than 1500 years after the war: the whole region was largely ignored by the elves and the Númenóreans following the destruction of Eregion and the forests and the continued hostility of the surviving natives.
The site of the ford became very important after the founding of Gondor and Arnor in S.A. 3320, however, and saw extensive development, as it watched over the most expeditious route from one realm to the other. A need had arisen to undertake the great works of drainage and dyke-building that (would make) a great port on the site where Tharbad stood.
The ford was deepened to receive sea-going vessels, and the massive fenlands above it were extensively drained, until a much smaller Swanfleet was all that remained. Tharbad's new river-port was spanned by a bridge, the immense labour of which was shared by the North and South Kingdoms, and included a fortified town and haven about the great bridge over the Greyflood.
These fortifications around the town were raised there on great earthworks on both sides of the river, and "The Great South Road", which was built at the same time to connect the two nations, passed across the bridge via long causeways that carried the road to it on either side across the fens.
=== The Third Age ===
Some things did not change, however: Tharbad was the only settlement of Númenóreans in Enedwaith, because the area beyond the fortified town was of little concern to them, except for the patrolling and upkeep of the Great Royal Road. To this end, a considerable garrison of soldiers, mariners and engineers [were] kept there until the seventeenth century of the Third Age.
From about TA 1150, it is recorded that a tribe of Hobbits migrated to the fens above Tharbad, and spread onto the land along the Causeway south-east of the town over several centuries, but they left around 1630 because the land and clime of Eriador, especially in the east, worsened and became unfriendly.
Their departure and the deterioration in the weather occurred around the time of the Great Plague of 1636, which almost completely depopulated Cardolan, one of Arnor's 'successor states' with whom Gondor shared Tharbad. Cardolan's few surviving Dúnedain - including those in Tharbad - fled west to Arthedain. Gondor too was devastated, and in the years following the Plague, traffic along the road through Tharbad would have declined considerably, as many parts of Eriador had become desolate. little wonder that from then onwards, the region fell quickly into decay.
Survivors of the Plague did remain in Tharbad, and the Great (now Old) South Road continued to be an important trade route for another 350 years until the fall of Arthedain in 1974, and the end of the 'days of the Kings' in Gondor 76 years later. From 2050, the nearby native Dunlendings, as well as the people left in Tharbad ceased in fact to be subjects of Gondor; the Royal Road was unkempt in Enedwaith, and the Bridge of Tharbad became ruinous, and was replaced only by a dangerous ford.
Tharbad was still inhabited for another 862 years, despite the absence of any sort of central government, presumably by a people akin to the Bree-men and Dunlendings. During this period, the decrepit remains of the Great South Road above Tharbad became known as 'The Greenway', even after Tharbad itself was finally ruined and deserted in 2912, when great floods devastated Enedwaith following the Fell Winter.
Thorin will have led his people through Tharbad going from Dunland to the Blue Mountains, and indeed took to the Greenway again in going to look for Thrain in the wild near Dunland. Indeed, when Kili told Tauriel of his adventures escorting merchants from the Blue Mountains, the "pass near Dunland" he speaks of must have been Tharbad. Boromir rode through Tharbad on his way to Rivendell, and Gandalf intended for the Fellowship to go there before the Crebain made it clear that the passage south was being watched.