Ecologia

Etymologia : Ex hellen οίκος = "woik", ed λόγος = "logos". 
Definition : Id werd ecologia, creet in 1866 ab iom deutsch naturaliste E.Haeckel, kyeust prest id studye iom relations inter yowkjitias ed id milieu in-yod gwivent. Pon ia 1960tias, ghehldneut pro ia defense strategias os ambient. 
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) eet un deutsch liek, zoolog, philosoph ed leudher mentor, qui antplohc ia idees os Charles Darwin. Is elaborit un exhaustive embryologic argumentation pro id Theoria os evolution. 
== Id ecologic schock ==
Id aunstehgen iom deleteri effects os menscen demographia kam os industrie, trans punctual wakyas kam id naftcrise, ia naftlamens au ia nuclear catastrophes, hant buwt ecologia un kaur essential niesi zaman. Wey woid nuntos od nature neti eurpt ia sketha qua menscantslehnken ei inflict. 
Tod inversion ios maghtula inter mensc ed nature bringht un cultural revolution, hatta un anthropologic mutation. Ia dehtorwirts os politic modernitat, nu souverainitat ed vetatrect, khake ne bihe taraghen ab to. Globalisation, dayir riska, est un fact : quod tar lure, de incurren om (besonters nucleara) riska, ghehde ia Stats gwupes ? Neti leit nundiens de "use ed abuse" sien re : quod rect poittent individus habe os pollue ir ghom au ids enderghomwedernt ? Muassir philosophs, kam M.Serres, appelle id elaboration os un stajer-rect. 
Ambh "glend" partises, associations, non-gouvernemental organisations, unghi nov ecologiste ideologia hat gnaht, blandend contestation ios consummsocietat, hatta ios liberal mund, pacifisme ed humanitar aspiration. 
Id gheuss os Lakeview n°1 buit un hydrocarbonen eruption ex un pressurisen naftbaurnt in id Midway-Sunset lyogos in Kern county, California, in 1910. Id creit id plautst accidental naftlamen os Historia, durend 18 munts ed sleundo 9 millions om barels os raunaft. 
== Ambiguitats ed risk os dogmatisme ==
Id movment remant lakin prect ab uno mier doctrinal ed philosophic imprecision. Ecologia daught yando ka alibi ad technophobia ed reintroduct un curieus naturaliste anachronisme, id nundiens udzamanen cred in un definition-ye harmonieus Nature (un "cosmos") quod tehrbiet bihe zakir-ye preservet. Biologia nos hat docen od gwit est un creator destruction, ia theorias os evolution od mutations sont dayim wehrgend in id gwiv, in summ od eet zaruri aye od natural tula se refert tik ad pelegvs os nasuk stabilitat in un plaut-ye chaotic mund. Id isereihsa os Nature, quod dehlgiet bihe preserven in ids purtat, idso salvtat, dehlct bihe identifien ka gwehmend ender, sellst-ye, nayivitat, khiterst-ye, un dangereus dogmatique. 
Constate ia forfacts os pollution kay tente correge ia, vergihes id disparition uns ecosysteme, aunstehge ia causes idsios degradation est relevant. Bet id voluntarisme quod bezielt "urpes" un dispariht ecologic tula ghehdt bringhes curieus pervers effects kalt "goneffects". Wakhe mae menscaction obstaht biodiversitat ne maynt stambhes ia destructionsprocessa. 
Id commun version os ecologisme maght yaschi eme id dogmatique ios "alnos bio", yando tiel id reject iom agronomic sciencen, quo gwehmt hatta ender un biomagh ye id maynen awien ab M.Foucault (1926-1984) : ia injunctions ad wides saun conducts ed pitu ("edde penk fruits ed opsta cadadien", "move ed elimine") beziele un standardisation iom sulouks, eti ios corpos.
James Ephraim Lovelock (gnahn in 1919) est un independent mualim, ambientaliste ed futuriste qui gwivt in Dorset, England. Is est khaliban-ye gnohn ob proponus id Gaya hypothese, quod postulet od Terra functiont kam un sworegulant systeme. 
== Clarification iom ideologic divergencen ==
Ta divergences maghe bihe reducen do un clar alternative. 
Pro id trend quod maght bihe kwiten ka ambientaliste (wa reformiste), politic ecologia hat ka ziel organise un posdaril antslehnken. Tod keupt substitue ei dastur os fauric profit ed ei laisser-faire wi ad liberal capitalisme un k"emall organisation iom formes om production ed consumm kay bihe preserven tant id gwitsqualitat in id fauric quem pro ia futur generations. 
Alnos alyum est id deep ecology, os US origin, quod dehskwt un fin ad "anthropocentrisme". Id ischbat id samberectia vasyen gwiv specen. Pro J.Lovelock, id planete skeipt un gwiv entitat, Gaya, est-yal menscgenos tik oin element, ye id sam titule quem un spece os moss au es bacteria. Chunke tod menscgenos est vierdnic, ids exspansion tehrpt bihe limiten. Tod ecologia kwecto it rumpt con Occidents humaniste heritage.
"Gaya", ab Anselm Feuerbach, 1875. Sekwent id Θεογονια af Hesiod :
Γαῖα δέ τοι πρῶτον μὲν ἐγείνατο ἶσον ἑ᾽ αὐτῇ 
Οὐρανὸν ἀστερόενθ᾽, ἵνα μιν περὶ πάντα καλύπτοι,
ὄφρ᾽ εἴη μακάρεσσι θεοῖς ἕδος ἀσφαλὲς αἰεί. 
== "Massoulia" sekwent Jonas ==
Ecologic sensibilitat est fundamental-ye prect ab id men os H.Jonas (1903-1993), quos Das Prinzip Verantwortung : Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation est uno nischanwehrg. Is aunstehct prest id mutation gwiwt ab Occident in idso sibia dia nature. Ex Descartes do Hegel, technic wehlpen suppos id negation ios natural dahmen, bestohmt ad artificialisation. Api nuntos neti maghmos wehlpe mayster nies ambient, ne gnohmos id piern consequences niesen actions ep id. Ex Heidegger do Wittgenstein, hams uct recognihes id alteritat os nature ed idsios bihsa - alteritat kyeust un inchangeable difference, quod beuwt alter in major part incomprehensible ed nemaystret. 
Tod mutafiker de nature affect ethique : tod neti maght se contente med considere ia sibias ka ex mensc do mensc, sontern dehlct ambghehrde do els massoulia dia alter mensc - quel gnahsiet in 5000 yars - id ambient quod el transmittsiet al. Quosmed plane pro un tem rhayr-yakin future ? Jonas promovt id dayi uns "heuristique os paur" : un reflexion quod sib autoriset analogias, se sint ses niht ab intuition, ia caprices iom ideenassociations ed os imagination, yed quod uset methodologic-ye paur. Id khacsto tehrbt bihe kwenchaun ed nos est zaruri inkare ornuwes un paursken quos nifalls ne gnohms. Med tod giokien tehrpt bihe ghaben id "prekaursprabhil".
Mimehnend-ye de to serter, Alice khiekit ghabe quosmed to hieb tyohcen: quanto ia mehmt est od eent currend, hand in hand, ed od ia Ferz curs tem oku quem ay kweil maung-ye molicit nadrahe pri iam. Ia Ferz nacricit: “Meis oku!” yedAlice khiss ay eet mutlak impossible gwahe meis oku, quayque ne ay etilikwit sat annem kay sayge to.Id curieust eet od ia drus ed vasya objects perambh iansnaiwo mutaplaceer: makar ias gwahr oku, ias naiwo drahr pri ject. “Daumo an jects trehcent sammel quem wey?” mohn ia orm Alice, alnos perplex. Ed ia Ferz kwohkit gvaedde ays menos, iaghi cricit: “Meis oku! Mae bah!” Alice khich-ye sohgnit de bahe. Ia eet tem exterannem quem ay kwohk ia naiweti ghehdiet sayge sem werd ed ia Ferz nacricit: “Meis oku! Meis oku!” tragend-ye iam med sien hol gwis. “Smos wey mox arrivend?” ghohd exkwehse Alice bad.“An mox arrivems?” repetih ia Ferz. “Bet, vedim, hams drahn pri id dec minutes prever! Meis oku!” Nacurseer silent unte sem wakt, ed id windo stris tem akster-ye pri Alices aurs quem ia hieb id pondos od id quasi wul ays kays.
== Kyun nov utopia ? ==
Wehlpen eet id magno wirto iom christian ed moderne mens, idge hat gohnen id ideal os progress. Api id Prinzip Verantwortung os H.Jonas leit witerom das Prinzip Hoffnung os E.Bloch. Kwe id tid os aventure, os riskincurren quod kwit id europay elan, ex Cristoforo Colombo do iom Rodrigue ios Cid (Corneille, 1637), est esont ? Kwe un civilisation ghehdt bihe strugen ep paur ? Tod mistrusto dia paursken disvolct ud id menos iom Lumens quod kwit Occident. 
Stillses nos est lakin bant. Smos in id situation ias Rudh Ferz os Ocolo id Specule ed quo Alice trohv ter : ia khact zacurre ob id landspecto draht pri iam. Kay mantines id status quo, preserve id stand ios planete, tehrpt bihe napaursken. Also, kay preserve ia fragil natural tulas, ia menscopsa dehlgient, ye od weidos iom natural ecosystemes, wehrge cyclic-ye; ed id technosphere zaghyahe ep seswo. Leit ter de un ambition als hoger quem tod ios recycling ios zibel : quo biht kalt industrial ecologia gwehmt ender un nov technic utopisme. Ne tik bezielt id nudes id zibel uns industrie kay produce id energia necessar alyi, sontern eti se interesset ad nanotechnologia. Bacterias ghehde bihe genetic-ye reprogrammet, auter kay produce energia, we kay elimine zibel.
Esdi senter prospects promitte id natyehcen ios artificialisation, smyehrnt id deub taraghen quod ia ecologic questions inflige ibs dehtorwirts os modernitat.
Kwiter ios plautst ozone schikht torm aiwo registert uper id Sud pole in September 2006. Id Montréal Protocol hat banen ia substances destrugend id ozone schikht in 1989. 
== Kye technologic democratias ==
Id globalisation iom ecologic perturbations au iom risken (deforestation ye tienxia maschtab, torm in id ozone schikht, kwehlen om polluen wedor ed contaminen atmospheres) hat brighen mult gouvernements ad ambage ye id international nivell pro un posdaril antslehnken. Hant deciden id creation om administrations, ministeria maimour med ambient protection, om paursken centres, om proceddures incitend ad preserve speces ed nature. 
Kwe el mualim - anghen os dwoi, quel amet reflexions ye longo meiwrnt -, el politic, anghen om conviction ed action, opsst-ye endemurn ad antwehrde ibs questions in urgence -, el industrial - quel dehlct preter produce un rentabilitat - ghehde collabore aun difficultat, hatta aun cree ambiguitats ? Sigwra no. Kun el politic ammert id paursken, els interesses ghehde denature id. Pelu polemiques hant also luden kay denunce kam wohrg id Intergouvernemental Grupp Experten de Climat Change (IGECC). Dohlg i paurskers inviten ad kaue vasya signes os planete warmen betayce ia observations qua contraveneer tod conclusion, posen ka tamhide ad cada sok ? 
Ia ecologic questions betrehve ia scientific considerations : ia politic ed technic cheusa tyeictu naudhe yinjier un scientific competence. Kam in id fall os bioethique, importet kem i civs poittent tehme. Sei vergeihskwms id suspension os democratia, quod eti Jonas appellet, mualims ed intellectuals tehrbe wehrge pro id vulgarisation iom weidas, jidale pro id restauration, in ia media, uns wirtic public debat.