Saludos Amigos

Saludos Amigos (Spanish for "Greetings, Friends") is the sixth animated feature film in the Disney Animated Canon, released in 1942. It is the first of the six Disney "Package films" made during the 1940s, when many members of the production staff were drafted into World War II. Due to this decrease in resources, the company could not afford to make feature-length films during this time and instead produced films composed of multiple shorter segments. Set in Latin America, it is made up of four different segments; Donald Duck stars in two of them and Goofy stars in one. It also features the first appearance of José Carioca. At a running time of 42 minutes, it is the shortest Disney animated feature, as well as the first one to be based on an original property.
The film itself was given federal loan guarantees, because the Disney studio had over-expanded just before European markets were closed to them by the war, and because Disney was struggling with labor unrest at the time (including a strike that was underway at the time the goodwill journey began).
The film was popular enough that Walt Disney decided to make The Three Caballeros two years later. It was made partially because several Latin American governments had close ties with Nazi Germany, and the US government wanted to counteract those ties. Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters were popular in Latin America, and Walt Disney acted as ambassador.
==Plot==
A group of Disney animators make a goodwill trip to South America (this is documented in live-action). An animated segment details which places they visit.
===Segments===
*Lake Titicaca: Donald Duck visits the famous Lake Titicaca, located at the border of Peru and Bolivia. He looks around, learns of the lake's traditions, and makes a failed attempt at sailing a boat before setting off through the mountains atop a llama. He panics when the llama is busy walking across a wooden suspension bridge, eventually resulting in his fall. He lands in a pottery shop, shattering some pots and taking others with him.
*Pedro: A small anthropomorphic child-airplane, Pedro, lives in Chile with his mother and father, large airplanes who deliver mail. When they both are incapacitated due to technical defects, Pedro is forced to embark on his first journey in their place, picking up post from Mendoza. His flight is perilous and dangerous and he's nearly killed in a storm near Aconcagua on his way back, but manages to make it back victorious in the end.
*El Gaucho Goofy: Goofy, reimagined as a Texas cowboy, is put to work as a gaucho in Argentina. He works together with a trickster horse as the narrator explains the life of the gaucho. Life as a gaucho for Goofy is strange, harsh and tiresome - not because of the living conditions, but mainly due to the antics of his horse. He is flown back to Texas in the end, to his gratitude.
*Aquarela do Brasil: We see a paintbrush painting a beautifully rendered Brazilian jungle, which Donald Duck emerges from a flower at some point. While standing around, Donald sees the paintbrush creating another figure: José Carioca. José takes Donald out of the jungle and into Rio de Janeiro, where Donald accidentally drinks an incredibly spicy drink (thinking it was soda) before spending the night going out and dancing to the samba in Rio with José.
==Cast==
*Fred Shields – Narrator
*José Oliveira – José Carioca (also dubbed the Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian versions; also narrated the Brazilian Portuguese and Italian version)
===Uncredited===
*Lee Blair – Himself
*Mary Blair – Herself
*Stuart Buchanan – Flight attendant
*Pinto Colvig – Goofy
*Walt Disney – Himself
*Norman Ferguson – Himself
*Frank Graham – Himself
*Clarence Nash – Donald Duck (also dubbed the Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian versions)
*Frank Thomas – Himself
==Songs==
The film's original score was composed by Edward H. Plumb, Paul J. Smith, and Charles Wolcott. The title song, "Saludos Amigos", was written for the film by Charles Wolcott and Ned Washington. The film also featured the song "Aquarela do Brasil", written by the popular Brazilian songwriter Ary Barroso and performed by Aloysio De Oliveira and an instrumental version of "Tico-Tico no Fubá", written by Zequinha de Abreu. "Aquarela do Brasil" was written and first performed in 1939, but did not achieve much initial success. However after appearing in this film it became an international hit, becoming the first Brazilian song to be played over a million times on American radio.
The film's soundtrack was first released by Decca Records in 1944 as a collection of three 78rpm singles.
Track Listing
*Side 1: "Saludos Amigos" b/w Side 2: "Inca Suite"
*Side 3: "Brazil ("Aquarela do Brazil")" b/w Side 4: "Argentine Country Dances"
*Side 5: "Tico-Tico" b/w Side 6: "Pedro from Chile"
==Reception==
The film was nominated for three Oscars: Best Musical Score, Best Original Song for its opening theme, and Best Sound Recording.
The film included live-action sequences featuring footage of modern Latin American cities with skyscrapers and fashionably dressed citizens. This surprised contemporary US viewers, who associated such images with US and European cities, and contributed to a changing impression of Latin America. Film historian Alfred Charles Richard Jr. has commented that "Saludos Amigos did more to cement a community of interest between peoples of the Americas in a few months than the State Department had in fifty years".
The film also inspired Chilean cartoonist René Ríos Boettiger to create Condorito, one of Latin America's most ubiquitous cartoon characters. Ríos perceived that the character Pedro, a small, incapable airplane, was a slight to Chileans and created a comic that could supposedly rival Disney's comic characters.
Other critics, however, were less kind to the film. James Agee of The Nation, for one, scorned it as depressing and self-interested, and that "Disney's famous cuteness, however richly it may mirror national infantilism, is hard on my stomach." Along the same lines, John T. MacManus of the newspaper PM accused it of a "mingled pride and sadness over the growing up of a beloved something we all foolishly hoped could stay young forever."
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 80% of the critics gave the film a positive review based on 10 reviews.
==Censorship==
The scene of Goofy smoking in "El Gaucho Goofy" is edited out when released onto home video in 2000 (Gold Classic Collection) and 2008 (as part of a double bill with The Three Caballeros). However, the gag where Donald breathes fire after drinking cachaça and lighting up José's cigar is left intact. This edit is also present on the iTunes release, which extends the Walt Disney Presents card to plaster the Buena Vista logo.
The first home video release to present this film uncensored is the Archive Collection Laserdisc. Walt & El Grupo also includes the uncut Saludos Amigos. It's also presented uncut on the 2-movie pack Blu Ray with The Three Caballeros released in 2018, released as a Disney Movie Club exclusive.
The film was later added to Disney+ in 2019, uncensored and uncut but with a disclaimer.
== Trivia ==
* Donald's nickname in the Aquarela do Brasil segment, "Pato Donald" as given by José Carioca, is actually the Brazilian name for Donald Duck, with "Pato" is actually Portuguese for "duck".
==International release==
Country	Title 	Distributor	Date of release
Japan 	ラテン・アメリカの旅 	Daiei Film 	March 20, 1957
==Copyright info==
The film's copyright was renewed on August 25, 1969.Catalog of Copyright Entries
==Gallery==
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3CAB.jpg|Home video release artwork (2015 - Eric Heintz)|link=http://www.ericheintzimaging.com/saludos-amigos-the-three-caballeros/
===Posters===
Dumbo and Saludos Amigos.jpg|Poster from U.S. re-release on June 22, 1949, on a double bill with a re-release of Dumbo
Saludos-amigos-argentine.jpg|Poster from the original release in Argentina in 1942
P1011025.jpg|Poster from the original release in Belgium in the late 1940s, on a double bill with Dumbo
Saludos_amigos_belgium_treasure_island.jpg|Poster from a re-release in Belgium, on a double bill with a re-release of Treasure Island
Saludos france 1947.jpg|Poster from the original release in France on February 11, 1947
Saludos poster france 1947.jpg|Another poster from the France release
Saludos indian france 1974.jpg|Poster from the re-release in France on February 13, 1974, on a double bill with One Little Indian
Saludos-amigos_italian_original.jpg|Poster from the original release in Italy in 1946, on a double bill with Music in Manhattan
Saludos-amigos italian.jpg|Poster from a re-release in Italy in the late 1950s, on a double bill with a Laurel and Hardy program
SaludosA.jpg|Poster from the original release in Spain on August 21, 1944
Disneysaludos.jpg|Poster from the original release in Sweden on March 18, 1946
Saludos amigos 1943 uk poster.jpg|Poster from the original release in the United Kingdom on December 6, 1943
P3031431.jpg|Poster from the re-release in the United Kingdom on April 5, 1973, on a double bill with Snowball Express and paired with The Magic of Walt Disney World
==Videos==
Saludos Amigos 1943 Original Theatrical Trailer|Original 1943 Theatrical Trailer
==References==
ar:أهلاً بالأصدقاء
da:Saludos Amigos
es:Saludos Amigos
fr:Saludos Amigos
it:Saludos Amigos
ja:ラテン・アメリカの旅
nl:Saludos Amigos
pl:Saludos Amigos
pt-br:Alô, Amigos
zh:致候吾友
Category:Disney animated features canon
Category:1942 films
Category:Anthology films
Category:Hybrid films
Category:Disney films
Category:Animated films
Category:Saludos Amigos
Category:Unrated films
Category:Traditionally Animated Films
Category:Academy Award nominated films
Category:1943 films