1903

Events from the year 1903 in the United States.
==Incumbents==
===Federal Government===
* President: Theodore Roosevelt (R-NY)
* Vice President: vacant
* Chief Justice: Melville Fuller (IL)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: David B. Henderson (R-IA) (until March 4), Joseph Gurney Cannon (R-IL) (starting November 9)
* Congress: 57th (until March 4), 58th (starting March 4)
==Events==
===January - March===
* January 19 – The first west-east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east-west broadcast having been made in December 1901).
* January 21 – Section of Militia Affairs within the Adjutant General's office.
* February 11 – The Oxnard Strike of 1903 becomes the first time in U.S. history that a labor union is formed from members of different races.
* February 14
** Census Board within the Department of Commerce and Labor (Census Bureau).
** Department of Commerce and Labor founded
** U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
* February 15 – Morris and Rose Mitchom introduce the first teddy bear in America.
* February 19 – The Venezuela Crisis of 1902–1903 ends.
* February 23 – Cuba leases Guantanamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".
* March 2 – In New York City, the Martha Washington Hotel, the first hotel exclusively for women, opens.
* March 14 – The Hay–Herrán Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Colombian Senate later rejects the treaty.
* March 30 – Queensboro Bridge opens.
===April - June===
* May 16 – 8:05pm: Luna Park, Coney Island, New York, opens.
* June 12 – The Sigma Alpha Iota International Music Fraternity is founded at the University of Michigan School of Music.
* June 14 – Heppner Flood of 1903: The town of Heppner, Oregon, is nearly destroyed by a cloudburst that results in a flash flood.
===July - September===
* July 1 – U.S. Bureau of Fisheries within Department of Commerce & Labor.
* July 6 – Evansville race riot in Evansville, Indiana.
* July 7 – "Mother" Mary Harris Jones starts a "Children's Crusade" ("March of the Mill Children") from Kensington, Philadelphia to Oyster Bay, New York, the hometown of President Roosevelt, with banners demanding "We want to go to school and not the mines!"
* July 23 – Dr. Ernst Pfenning of Chicago becomes the first owner of a Ford Model A.
* August 9 – Commanding General post replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the Army.
* September 1 – A mysterious "visitor" is reported in Van Meter, Iowa.
* September 11 – The first stock car event is held at the Milwaukee Mile.
* September 15 – Miami Herald first published as The Miami Evening Record.
* September 27 – The Wreck of the Old 97 engine at Stillhouse Trestle near Danville, Virginia, which kills nine people, inspiring a ballad and song.
===October - December===
* October 1 – The first modern World Series pits the National League's Pittsburgh against Boston of the American League.
* October 2 – Frank Nelson Cole proves that 267-1 is composite by factoring it as 193,707,721 * 761,838,257,287 after trying for every Sunday over three years.
* November 2
** Maggie L. Walker becomes the first African American woman to charter a bank.
** Lyceum Theatre opens, making it the oldest continuously operating legitimate theater in New York City.
* November 4 – With the encouragement of the United States, Panama proclaims itself independent from Colombia.
* November 13 – The United States recognizes the independence of Panama.
* November 18 – The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the U.S. exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone.
* November 23 – Colorado Governor James Hamilton Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
* December 17 – Orville Wright flies an aircraft with a petrol engine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in the first documented, successful, controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flight.
* December 19 – Williamsburg Bridge opens.
* December 30 – A fire at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago kills 600.
==Memoriam==
* January 4
** Gulstan Ropert, missionary (aged 63; Honolulu, HI Territory, USA)
** Topsy, elephant (aged 28; New York City, NY, USA)
* January 28 – John B. Allen, U.S. Senator from Washington from 1889 to 1893 (aged 57; Seattle, WA, USA)
* February 11 – Rachel Crane Mather, educator (aged 79; Deep River, CT, USA)
* February 26 – Richard Jordan Gatling, inventor (aged 84; New York City, NY, USA)
* March 11 – Lou Graham, wealthy business woman and madame from Germany (aged 48; San Francisco, CA, USA)
* March 16 – Roy Bean, justice of the peace (aged 78; Langtry, TX, USA)
* March 20 – Charles Godfrey Leland, humorist, folklorist and poet (aged 78; Florence, Italy)
* March 29 – Gustavus Franklin Swift, businessman (aged 63; Chicago, IL, USA)
* April 22 – Alexander Ramsey, 2nd Governor of Minnesota from 1860 to 1863 and U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1863 to 1875 (aged 87; St. Paul, MN, USA)
* April 28 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, physical chemist (aged 64; New Haven, CT, USA)
* April 29 – Stuart Robson, stage actor and comedian (aged 67; New York City, NY, USA)
* May 29 – Bruce Price, architect (aged 57; Paris, France)
* July 2 – Ed Delahanty, baseball player (aged 35; Niagara Falls, ON, Canada)
* July 3 – Harriet Lane, acting First Lady of the United States during James Buchanan's presidency (aged 73; Narragansett, RI, USA)
* July 17 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, painter (aged 69; London, England, UK)
* July 27 – Frederick J. Kimball, civil engineer (aged 59; Ithan, PA, USA)
* August 1 – Calamity Jane, frontierswoman (aged 51; Terry, SD, USA)
* August 28 – Frederick Law Olmsted, landscape architect, journalist, social critic and public administrator (aged 81; Belmont, MA, USA)
* September 23 – Charles B. Farwell, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1887 to 1891 (aged 80; Lake Forest, IL, USA)
* September 28 – Edward Merritt Hughes, naval officer (aged 53; Arlington, VA, USA)
* October 6 – Wilson S. Bissell, politician, United States Postmaster General (aged 55; Buffalo, NY, USA)
* October 20 – Thomas Vincent Welch, politician (aged 53; Niagara Falls, NY, USA)
* November 3 – Eliza Hendricks, Second Lady of the United States as wife of Thomas A. Hendricks (aged 79; Indianapolis, IN, USA)
* November 20 – Tom Horn, gunfighter and outlaw (aged 42; Cheyenne, WY, USA)
* December 13 – Alexander McDonald, U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1868 to 1871 (aged 71; Norwood, NY, USA)
* December 23 – Middleton P. Barrow, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1882 to 1883 (aged 64; Savannah, GA, USA)
==External links==
* 1903 in the United States
Category:United States History: Volume 13