B.F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic (B. F.) Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.
Skinner believed that human free will is an illusion and that any human action is the result of the consequences of the same action. If the consequences are bad, there is a high chance that the action will not be repeated; however if the consequences are good, the actions that led to it will become more probable. Skinner called this the principle of reinforcement. The use of reinforcement to strengthen behavior he called operant conditioning. As his main tool for studying operant conditioning Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box.
== Tossup Questions ==
# This man wrote a book claiming that by destroying the "inner man," science "does not dehumanize man, it de-homunculizes him." He defined how different stimuli can produce two functions called "tact" and "mand." This man critiqued the illusion of free will and promoted "cultural engineering" in his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity. This author of Verbal Behavior also wrote a novel in which Frazier guides a group of intellectuals around the utopian community Walden Two. This psychologist designed a device in which an animal is rewarded or punished when responding to stimuli. For 10 points, name this psychologist who created a namesake box for operant conditioning.
# This man examined the modifying effects of autoclitics in a book that described speech acts that demand a characteristic consequence, called "mands". This man designed a rejected missile system driven by pecking birds for "Project Pigeon". This author of Verbal Behavior denied the existence of "autonomous man" in a book that argues for "cultural engineering" through a scientific (*) "technology of behavior". Another work by this inventor of the air crib describes a group of "planners, managers, workers, and scientists" living in a utopian community vaguely inspried by Thoreau. For 10 points, name this author of Beyond Freedom and Dignity and Walden Two, an American psychologist who developed a namesake box for operant conditioning.
# A book by this man, which Noam Chomsky gave a savage review, provides a functional account of language based on a four-term contingency model and modifiers called autoclitics. He discussed a community led by a board of six planners and founded by T.E. Frazier in a book that proposed a utopian society based on scientific ideals. This man, who wrote Verbal Behavior and argued against free will and moral autonomy in Beyond Freedom and Dignity, invented a laboratory apparatus consisting of a lever and a food dispenser. For 10 points, name this author of and Walden II, a behaviorist psychologist who designed a namesake "box" used to test operant conditioning.