Rationale

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Rationale of Polish King Saint Jadwiga of Poland
A rationale is a liturgical vestment worn by clergy, in particular by Bishops, in the Roman Catholic Church which uses full vestments. It is humeral ornament, a counterpart to the Pallium, and is worn over the chasuble. It is a large clasp, made of precious metal and ornamented with diamonds, whose edges are adorned with small bells. 
During the Middle Ages it was worn by the Bishops of Würzburg, Ratisbon, Eichstätt, Naumburg, Halberstadt, Paderborn, Minden, Speier, Metz, Augsburg, Prague, Olmutz, Liège, and Toul. Its use largely died out in the 13th century, although there is evidence that it was worn at Reims until the 16th century. Some rationales can be found preserved at Bamberg and Ratisbon. The earliest pictures of rationales that exist are two pictures of Bishop Sigebert of Minden, a miniature and an ivory tablet, which were both incorporated in a Mass Ordo belonging to the Bishop.
The only Bishops who wear rationales in the 21st century are:
* the Bishop of Eichstätt, Germany - Msgr Gregor Maria Franz Hanke, O.S.B. (since 2006), 
* the Metropolitan Archbishop of Paderborn, Germany - Msgr Hans-Josef Becker (since 2003),
* the Bishop of Toul, now Nancy (-Toul)Since 1165, whenever the bishop of Toul officiated pontifically, he wore an ornament called surhumeral, or rationale, a sort of pallium covered with precious stones, which decoration he alone of all the bishops of the Latin Church wore. A brief of 16 March, 1865, restored this privilege to the bishops of Nancy and Toul., France - Msgr Jean-Louis Henri Maurice Papin (since 1999), and 
* the Metropolitan Archbishop of Kraków, Poland - Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz (since 2005).
The modern rationale is a humeral collar, ornamented in the front and back with appendages.
Rationales are occasionally still worn by Bishops in the Celtic Christian Orthodox Church, a small community with historical links to the Old Catholic independent movement and Eastern Orthodoxy.
The rationale is named after the breast ornament of a Jewish high-priest, which was a wooden brooch, overlaid with enamelled metal, fastened high up on the breast of chasubles that had no central orphreys.
== References ==
Category:Roman Catholic vestments
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