Misc.

Taegyo refers to a set of practices and beliefs related to prenatal development. Taegyo is said to be regulations that a mother should observe in order to have good effects on her unborn child during maternity. Also, it is the education occurring in the period of maternity and considered that when an expectant mother tries to be careful of everything, prudent in speech and action, and keep distance from evil thoughts, it affects the unborn child in good ways. In other words, Taegyo is all the effort for the mother to provide the best environment for the fetal development. This is based on the belief that fetal environment has a huge influence on the fetal development and the whole life of the baby.
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LeeSajudangGrave.jpg|thumb|Grave of Lee Sajudang
== History[edit] ==
Taegyo was introduced into Korea from China at the end of the Goryeo dynasty (918-1392). During the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), it grew in popularity. The Korean female scholar Sajudang Lee (사주당 이씨 師朱堂李氏) wrote a book titled Taegyosingi (태교신기 胎敎新記) in 1800. In her book, Lee asserts that the ten-month education in the mother's womb is more important than the ten-year education that follows it. Proponents of Taegyo claim that its ideas overlap with, but originated significantly earlier in time than the child development theories of the Western world.
Taegyo's popularity in Korea has continued into modern times: almost every book for pregnant women in Korea includes a Taegyo section. It is common for modern Korean women to practice Taegyo during pregnancy.
== Concepts[edit] ==
In Taegyo, the embryo is considered to be a person from fertilization. Proponents of Taegyo believe the Oriental way of determining a person's age (which adds 10 months onto the age counted from the day they were born) supports this theory. According to Taegyo theory, as an embryo and fetus, this newly created person is strongly influenced by its emotional environment: the mindset of the pregnant woman. Taegyo is a set of practices claimed to create the best environment for fetal development.
Practicing Taegyo is largely the responsibility of the woman. Various rule sets have been promoted: the aim of all the rules is to prevent emotional turmoil in the pregnant woman. Proponents of Taegyo point to studies showing the detrimental health effects of stress as supporting their belief that an environment of emotional calm is vitally important to the healthy formation of a child. The most popular rule set is a traditional practice called the seven attitudes. An oral tradition for many years, the seven attitudes were first found in a published book in 1973, in a work by Lee Kyutae (이규태) in 1973.
While the rule sets focus on controlling the woman's behavior, Taegyo holds that the actions and attitude of the husband and father are equally important: the husband is believed to be the person with the greatest influence on the emotional state of his pregnant wife. Common recommendations for the husband are to abstain from smoking and drinking and to maintain a happy and devout mind.
Proponents of Taegyo believe that the emotional stability of a pregnant woman has a stronger effect on the health of the fetus than does the woman's physical health. One study they cite found that women with high levels of stress and anxiety during pregnancy had children at increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety and language delay. Another study touted by proponents found that cortisol levels in ten-year-old children showed a relationship to their mother's anxiety level late in pregnancy.
While Taegyo places great importance on avoiding emotional turmoil in a pregnant woman, maintaining a calm mind is considered, in itself, not enough. Different types of Taegyo focus on producing a child with a specific quality. For example, English Taegyo is done with the wish to improve the fetus's language competence. Sound Taegyo, which involves listening to good music, is done to developing the emotional sensitivity and the connection between the mother and child.
== Practices[edit] ==
=== Talking[edit] ===
By nine weeks, a developing fetus can hiccup and react to loud noises. By the end of the second trimester it can hear. Among other mental feats, the fetus can distinguish between the voice of the mother and that of a stranger, and respond to a familiar story read to it. Taegyo holds that the best way to stimulate the developing brain of a fetus is to talk to it. The belief is that children who were talked to in the mother's womb are faster language learners, more social, more athletic, and more emotionally sensitive. Talking to the fetus is also believed to increase the strength of the mother-child bond.
According to Taegyo, at the time the fetus develops the ability to hear (during the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy), it also begins to feel the same emotions as the pregnant woman. Taegyo practice is to talk to the fetus with the intent of promoting and environment of affection, love, and happiness. Involvement of the woman's husband and other children in the family is believed to increase the beneficial effects on the fetus, as well as bringing the existing family closer together.
=== Reading stories[edit] ===
Reading children's stories to the fetus is held to aid hearing and emotional development. Reading stories with strong emotional themes, especially, is believed by Taegyo supporters to benefit the emotional development of the fetus. Reading stories is also encouraged because family members who feel awkward just talking to the fetus may be more comfortable reading aloud. In addition, Taegyo recommends having the couple or family discuss the stories after reading them.
=== Playing sounds[edit] ===
A recent study of premature infants found that they were soothed by music. Music can be used by pregnant women to help them maintain the state of emotional calm demanded by Taegyo. Proponents of Taegyo claim many other benefits of playing calming music for the fetus: stimulation of development of the right side of the brain, development of superior hearing ability, better clarity of thought, emotional stability, hormone secretion, blood pressure, and brain waves.
In addition to listening to music, Taegyo recommends that the pregnant woman and her husband sing or play instruments. This is believed to comfort the fetus and encourage healthy deep breathing in the woman.
Taegyo teaches that music originate in the sounds of nature, and exposing the fetus to natural sounds is also held to be important. Recommended sounds include bird song, insect chirps, sea waves, and similar.
=== Doing yoga[edit] ===
Yoga reduces stress and so can be very helpful to a woman trying to maintain the calm mind required by Taegyo. Yoga may also provide physical benefits to the pregnant woman, reducing the discomforts of pregnancy and easing childbirth and post-delivery recovery. Taegyo recommends beginning regular yoga practice in the fifth month of pregnancy, and especially recommends the cat and butterfly poses. 
Conception dreams are dreams that are said to foretell the conception or birth of a child, dreamt by the future mother or people close to her. The belief that a dream will foretell a baby's birth originates from Ancient India and is found in some Asian countries.
== In India[edit] ==
Ancient India believes that conception dream predicts the child character. Maya (mother of the Buddha) dreamt that a white elephant with six white tusks entered her right side.
In Jainism dreams are connected with the births of Tirthankaras and the other prominent people including chakravarti, Balabhadras and Vāsudevas. They are 63 in total and called Shalakapurusha. Their mothers see a certain number of dreams on conception of their soul in womb. They are described in the great detail in Kalpasutra. 12th century Jain monk Hemchandracharya described and interpreted them in detail in Trishashthishalakapurush. Avashyak-niryukti, an early verse-commentary in Prakrit, explains relation of names of some Tirthankaras and these dreams.
Foretelling as per Kalpasutra
Number of dreams 	What it foretells
14 dreams 	birth of a future Tirthankara or Chakravarti (universal monarch)
7 of the 14 dreams	birth of a future Vāsudeva
4 of the 14 dreams	birth of a future Baladeva
1 of the 14 dreams	birth of a future Mandalika (king)
Main article: Auspicious dreams in Jainism
Rathore ruler Simhaji's queen dreamt 3 lions before birth of his 3 son. Ramakrishna parents experienced supernatural incidents and visions before his birth. In Gaya his father Khudiram had a dream in which Lord Gadadhara (a form of Vishnu), said that he would be born as his son. Chandramani Devi is said to have had a vision of light entering her womb from Shiva's temple. Nahusha mother Indumati had conception dream. According to Dashakumaracharita Queen vasumati conceiving her first son hamsavahana, dreams that she has bathed in the water of all pilgrimages. While conceiving her second son Rajavahana she dreams that she swallowed the orb of universe.
== In Korea[edit] ==
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In Korea conception dreams are known as 태몽(taemong). Many women in Korean culture report having such dreams themselves. Popular topics of the dreams include fruit (such as apples, persimmons, cherries, chestnuts), animals (tigers, snakes, goldfish), nature (rivers, rainbows), children and jewels. The dreamer might eat or take fruits, embrace animals, or interact with nature. The topic is believed to influence the gender or the future of the baby; for example, fruits are seen as a sign for a baby girl.
The person having the dream can be the mother herself, but close family members such as her mother or the husband can also have conception dreams instead of the mother.
Dreams are often considered to be omens, and sometimes people will "buy" dreams from friends, if they feel it is a good omen or a good conception dream.
Accounts of conception dreams can be found in numerous old histories. One example is the conception dream of Kim Yushin, from the 6th century CE, documented in the Samguk Sagi.
== Design[edit] ==
The Iron Ring is made from either iron or stainless steel. It is intended to be worn on the little finger of the working (dominant) hand. There, the facets act as a sharp reminder of one's obligation while the engineer works, because it could drag on the writing surface while the engineer is drawing or writing. This is particularly true of recently obligated engineers, whose rings bear sharp, unworn, facets. Protocol dictates that the rings should be returned by retired engineers or by the families of deceased engineers. Some camps offer previously obligated or "experienced" rings, but they are now rare due to medical and practical complications.
The Iron Ring is small and understated, and was designed as a constant reminder, rather than a piece of jewelry. The Rings were originally hammered manually with a rough outer surface. The modern machined ring shares a similar design as a reminder of the manual process. Twelve half-circle facets are carved into the top and bottom of the outer surface, with the two sets of facets offset rotationally by fifteen degrees.
he Iron Ring is a ring worn by many Canadian-trained engineers, as a symbol and reminder of the obligations and ethics associated with their profession. The ring is presented to engineering graduates in a private ceremony known as the Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer. The concept of the ritual and the rings originated from H. E. T. Haultain in 1922, with assistance from Rudyard Kipling, who crafted the ritual at Haultain's request.
== Symbolism[edit] ==
The ring symbolizes the pride engineers have in their profession, while simultaneously reminding them of their humility. The ring serves as a reminder to the engineer and others of the engineer's obligation to live by a high standard of professional conduct. However, the ring is not a symbol of qualification as an engineer; engineering qualifications are determined by provincial and territorial licensing bodies.
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