LNWR DX Goods Class

The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) DX Goods class was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive, designed by John Ramsbottom for freight duties. 943 were constructed making them the largest single class of steam locomotives built in the United Kingdom. Despite this, none were preserved.
==History==
The "DX" goods engine was the first original design produced by Ramsbottom, shortly after becoming Locomotive Superintendent of the Northern Division. An experimental prototype was developed at Longsight whilst Ramsbottom was only in charge of the North-Eastern Division. The first regular example was completed at Crewe Works in September 1858, and was given the running number 355. This was the 399th locomotive built at Crewe, but it was the practice of the LNWR to reuse the numbers of withdrawn locomotives.
The first DX, No. 355, was named Hardman, and carried the name on a curved brass plate above the driving wheels. It was painted in the same dark green livery as used by Ramsbottom's predecessor, Francis Trevithick, but edged with a single black line. Fifty-four of the early DX locomotives were given names, but all were removed by 1864, with some re-used on passenger locomotives.
Four 0-4-2 versions of this locomotive type were built by Robert Stephenson and supplied to the Sydney Railway Company in 1855 as the first motive power for the new railway company. They were virtually identical in specification, except for slightly larger driving wheels at 5 ft diameter and cylinders being a smaller 16 inch bore than the 17 inch of the original design.
LNWRNo.	Name 	CreweWorksNo.	Datebuilt	Notes
355 	Hardman 	399 	Sep 1858 	
357 	Terrier 	400 	Sep 1858 	
358 	Falstaff 	401 	Oct 1858 	
359 	Glowworm 	403 	Nov 1858 	
87 	Eden 	404 	May 1859 	
39 	Tantalus 	405 	May 1859 	
428 	Trevithick 	406 	May 1859 	
429 	Roberts 	407 	May 1859 	
447 	Whitworth 	408 	May 1859 	
210 	Alchymist 	409 	Jun 1859 	
369 	Banshee 	410 	Jun 1859 	
240 	Bee 	418 	Oct 1859 	
120 	Samson 	419 	Nov 1859 	
261 	Hercules 	420 	Nov 1859 	
266 	Sutherland 	422 	Nov 1859 	
245 	Ellesmere 	423 	Nov 1859 	
206 	Menai 	432 	Apr 1860 	
531 	Lady of the Lake	433 	Apr 1860 	Renumbered 494 and name removed in Feb 1862
345 	Turk 	434 	Apr 1860 	
215 	Spitfire 	435 	Apr 1860 	
283 	Croxteth 	436 	Apr 1860 	
296 	Bellerophon 	437 	May 1860 	
293 	Quick Silver 	438 	May 1860 	
312 	Tubal 	439 	May 1860 	
192 	Hero 	444 	Aug 1860 	
211 	Onyx 	445 	Aug 1860 	
220 	Waterloo 	446 	Aug 1860 	
221 	Trafalgar 	448 	Aug 1860 	
52 	Diomed 	449 	Sep 1860 	
2 	Hecla 	450 	Sep 1860 	
237 	Blenheim 	451 	Sep 1860 	
121 	Buffalo 	452 	Sep 1860 	
123 	Victory 	453 	Sep 1860 	
183 	Theorem 	454 	Sep 1860 	
177 	Chimera 	455 	Sep 1860 	
216 	Ambassador 	456 	Oct 1860 	
224 	Violet 	469 	Feb 1861 	
280 	Glendower 	470 	Feb 1861 	
278 	Locke 	471 	Feb 1861 	
442 	Forerunner 	479 	Mar 1861 	
236 	Hawkstone 	483 	Apr 1861 	
356 	Memnon 	485 	Apr 1861 	
568 	Stewart 	498 	Aug 1861 	
129 	Martin 	510 	Sep 1861 	
65 	Charon 	513 	Oct 1861 	
125 	Soho 	522 	Nov 1861 	
130 	Heron 	523 	Nov 1861 	
325 	Chandos 	547 	May 1862 	
147 	Woodlark 	548 	May 1862 	
135 	Bat 	549 	May 1862 	
343 	Etna 	550 	May 1862 	
368 	Majestic 	551 	May 1862 	
34 	Phoebus 	552 	May 1862 	
532 	Grasmere 	553 	May 1862 	
857 examples of Ramsbottom’s standard goods design were built for the LNWR at Crewe Works between 1858 and 1872. The class has been described as ‘the earliest example of standardization and mass productions of locomotives on a large scale,' and ‘a remarkable instance of standardisation at a time when most railways had many different classes, each class with only few engines.’. During the 1870s driving cabs were added. 278 examples of a saddle tank version of the design were built after 1870, known as the LNWR Special Tank.
In addition to the 857 examples used by the LNWR, a further 86 examples of the original design were constructed at Crewe for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) between 1871 and 1874. This alarmed independent locomotive manufacturers, who sought an injunction to stop the practice; it was granted on 16 December 1875.
The 943 locomotives were all built at Crewe as follows:
Construction
Years built	Crewe numbers	Quantity	Notes
1858–1859 	399–423 	25 	
1860 	430–439 	10 	
1860 	444–463 	20 	
1861 	469–488 	20 	
1861 	494–523 	30 	
1862 	534–583 	50 	
1863 	604–623 	20 	
1863 	634–673 	40 	
1864 	690–729 	40 	
1864 	740–759 	20 	
1864 	770–779 	10 	
1865 	790–829 	40 	
1865 	850–879 	30 	
1866 	890–919 	30 	
1866 	930–979 	50 	
1866–1868 	1000–1159 	160 	
1868–1869 	1180–1279 	100 	
1870 	1320–1329 	10 	
1870–1871 	1340–1379 	40 	
1871 	1386–1433 	48 	last 6 sold to LYR after initial use on LNWR
1872 	1489–1498 	10 	new to LYR
1872 	1499–1508 	10 	Webb modifications
1872 	1512–1531 	20 	Webb modifications
1872 	1532–1541 	10 	new to LYR
1872 	1542–1561 	20 	Webb modifications
1872 	1582–1601 	20 	Webb modifications
1873 	1602–1621 	20 	Webb modifications; new to LYR
1873–1874 	1722–1761 	40 	Webb modifications; new to LYR
Crewe numbers 1428–33 (total 6), delivered new to the LNWR in October 1871, were sold to the LYR in November 1871. Crewe numbers 1489–98, 1532–41, 1602–21 and 1722–61 (total 80) were delivered new to the LYR. Most of those built from 1872 onwards (total 130) incorporated modifications by Francis Webb such as being fitted with cabs.
From April 1881, Webb rebuilt 500 examples with a new 150 psi boiler and vacuum brakes for working passenger trains. These became known as ‘Special’ (or vacuum) DX’s.
==Accidents and incidents==
On 12 January 1899, locomotive 1418 was hauling a freight train that was derailed at Penmaenmawr, Caernarfonshire due to the trackbed being washed away in a storm. Both locomotive crew were killed.
==Withdrawals==
Withdrawals began in 1902, but there were still 88 engines in existence at the time of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway's formation in 1923. The last survivor was withdrawn in 1930. Despite the large number of the class produced, all were scrapped.
==Engines converted to other uses==
The chassis of a withdrawn DX Goods locomotive was repurposed as a stationary engine on the Sheep Pasture Incline of the Cromford and High Peak Railway in February 1884 but was replaced by an electric winch in 1964. 
== Engines sold abroad==
Between 1900 and 1901, four LNWR Special DX were sold to the Société Anonyme du Chemin de Fer International de Malines à Terneuzen, a private railway between Belgium and the Netherlands. They were renumbered 15, 16, 17 and 18. Three of them were rebuilt between 1910 and 1911 with larger cabs of Belgian design and all of them were fitted with Westinghouse brakes sometimes after 1911. One of them (number 15) was still on the active roster in 1948 when the Malines - Terneuzen was taken over by SNCB. All the M.T. engines were then scrapped.
Category:0-6-0 locomotives
Category:0-6-0 steam locomotives
Category:Tender locomotives
Category:Steam locomotives
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Category:British locomotives
Category:LNWR locomotives
Category:Locomotives
Category:British steam locomotives
Category:Scrapped locomotives
Category:4 foot 8 1⁄2 inch gauge
Category:Standard gauge locomotives
Category:Crewe Works locomotives
Category:Six-coupled locomotives
Category:Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Category:Locomotives Involved in Rail Disasters