Siege of Alexandria

The Siege of Alexandria was a series of skirmishes and battles involving the armies of Julius Caesar and his lover Cleopatra against the armies of her brother Ptolemy XIII, backed by the Order of the Ancients in 47 BCE.
==Background==
In 51 BCE, pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes died and was succeeded by his children Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII, who co-rule as pharaohs until 49 BCE. The Order of the Ancients, a secret cabal organization founded by Smenkhkare in the fourteenth century BCE, infiltrated the royal court and manipulated Ptolemy to exile Cleopatra from Alexandria.Assassin's Creed Origins: Official Game Guide Cleopatra escaped with their help of her loyal follower Apollodorus and worked to rebuild her forces, recruiting the Medjay Aya as her agent. Aya and her husband Bayek lost their son Khemu as a result of the Order's machinations in Siwa, and went on their individual paths to seek revenge against the Order.Assassin's Creed: Origins
In 48 BCE, Bayek was introduced to Cleopatra at Apollodorus' villa, and became her agent to hunt down the Order members across Egypt. Meanwhile, in the Roman Republic, the Roman general Pompey fled from Rome after his men were defeated by Gaius Julius Caesar's forces in a . Seeking an alliance, Cleopatra sent Aya and admiral Phoxidas to the Aegean sea to meet with Pompey's fleet. Pompey agreedAssassin's Creed: Origins – Pompeius Magnus and was due to meet with Cleopatra in Herakleion Nome. However, upon landing, he was assassinated by Lucius Septimius, a Gabiniani, Order member and a former soldier in his army. The assassination was proposed by the eunuch Pothinus, advisor to the pharaoh Ptolemy XIII who deemed that Caesar would be pleased by the removal of his adversary.Assassin's Creed: Origins – Way of the Gabiniani
Left with no options left, Cleopatra travelled to Alexandria to propose an alliance with Caesar herself. Aided by Phoxidas' fleet, and later Aya, Bayek and Apollodorus, Cleopatra was able to infiltrate the royal palace and interrupt Caesar's meeting with Ptolemy. Caesar, not happy with Pompey's assassination, rejected Ptolemy's plans and agreed to listen to Cleopatra's proposal, ultimately choosing to side with Cleopatra.Assassin's Creed: Origins – Aya: Blade of the Goddess
==Battle==
===Events===
Caught within the palace with roughly 4,000 soldiers and with the knowledge that the arrival of enemy troops was imminent, Caesar sent for help from Syria, Rhodes, and Cilicia.
He ordered his men to dig a ditch around the palace and build a wall leading to the harbor. This would ensure Caesar's access to the sea. When the Egyptian general Achillas arrived in the city with 20,000 men, the battle for Alexandria began.
With so few men at his disposal, Caesar could not risk a battle so soon. He sent ambassadors to Achillas, in the name of Ptolemy, to propose a truce. Knowing that the orders did not come from the young king and angered by the pharaoh's imprisonment, Achillas had the messengers assassinated.
With Caesar confined within the palace, Achillas positioned his troops around the city. Skirmishes broke out through the streets of Alexandria, and went on for several days and nights. Though they were outnumbered, Caesar's men were able to hold the enemy back. This prompted Achillas' next move: capture the Roman fleet stationed in the harbor.
Although the palace offered protection, losing the port meant the end of help and supplies. Caesar knew he had to protect the fleet. While he and his troops succeeded in regaining control of the port, he knew it would be impossible to sustain. Caesar ordered the burning of the ships. With passage to the palace closed off, he headed for the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
Fighting their way through the Egyptian troops, Caesar and his men eventually reached Pharos island. There they took refuge within the lighthouse. With easy access to the open sea, Caesar was able to send messages to his allies requesting reinforcements and more supplies. The island fort also allowed him to control access to the harbor by relying on the chains used by the Egyptians to control ship traffic to and from Alexandria's docks.
Egyptian soldiers poured salt water into the aqueducts supplying Alexandria, trying to force Caesar and his men out. Panic erupted within Caesar's men. They wouldn't last long without fresh water. Recognizing that the porous limestone could help them, Caesar and his men dug wells to help restore their water supply. Days later, the 37th Legion, comprised of Pompey's soldiers, arrived by ship. Unable to come ashore due to the winds, Caesar risked going out to meet them on the peninsula, Cape Chersonese. When the enemy learned of Caesar's location, they rushed to intercept.
Despite an obvious advantage for the Alexandrians, Caesar, with a Rhondian ship full of skillful sailors, emerged victorious. With help from the allied ships, Caear's victory enabled him to push the Egyptians back and secure the lighthouse. Gaining control of Pharos island sent the Alexandrians into the sea and swimming back to the city. However, Caesar's fortification of the island didn't last long. The enemy regrouped and were set to storm the island. Panic-stricken, in spite of Caesar's encouragement, many of his men then fled their posts either by ship or jumping into the sea.
Caesar attempted to retreat, but Port Eunostos' harbor was overrun with enemy ships preventing escape. He managed to swim to safety to an allied ship farther out, although he had to remove his purple garment else he would have drowned. The Alexandrians recovered the garment and paraded it as a trophy to commemorate the Roman debacle.
The Alexandrians wanting their king back decided to approach Caesar with a compromise. Caesar agreed to release Ptolemy XIII, after entreating him to spare the kingdom and remain loyal to Rome. Once freed, however, the king defied the agreement and continued to war.
==Aftermath==
Caesar sent the Hidden One Aya to deal with Ptolemy who was trying to flee via the Nile Delta. During the Battle of the Nile Aya decided to spare Ptolemy, although a few moments later his boat attacked by crocodiles and he drowned in the Nile.
After the siege ended, Cleopatra reigned over Egypt until 30 BCE. Under her rule, Alexandria settled into its position within the Roman Empire, and eventually surpassed Athens as one of the most important cities in the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar remained in Egypt for a short time. He and Cleopatra would later have a son, named Caesarion.
==Gallery==
DTAE Siege of Alexandria - Concept Art by Natasha Tan.png|Concept Art
DTAE Alexandria Ship Attack - Concept Art by Martin Deschambault.png|Concept Art
DTAE Alexandria ship attack sketch.png|Concept sketch
==Appearances==
*Assassin's Creed: Origins 
*Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt 
*Echoes of History 
==References==
Category:Timeline
Category:Battles