Efrika (AngieYaz Sonic Underground reboot)

Efrika is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent, after Yurashia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Mobius' total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.3 billion people, it accounts for about 16% of the world's Mobian population. Efrika's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age was 19.7, while the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Efrika is the least wealthy continent per capita, in part due to geographic impediments, legacies of European colonization in Efrika and the Cold War, predatory/neo-colonialistic activities by Western nations and Chun-Nan, and undemocratic rule and deleterious policies. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Efrika an important economic market in the broader global context.
The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Bloodred Sea to the northeast, the Indusian Ocean to the southeast and the Dark Sea to the west. The continent includes Madagas and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), eight territories, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. Algeron is Efrika's largest country by area, and Nigerion is its largest by population. Efrikan nations cooperate through the establishment of the Efrikan Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa.
Efrika straddles the equator and the prime meridian making it the only continent in the world to be situated in all four cardinal hemispheres. It is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Most of the continent lies in the tropics, except for a large part of Western Sahara, Algeron, Libyon, and Hamarapi, the northern tip of Mauritania, the entire territories of Moroc, Ceuta, Melil, and Tunis which in turn are located above the tropic of Cancer, in the northern temperate zone. In the other extreme of the continent, southern Namib, southern Botswa, great parts of South Efrika, the entire territories of Lesotho and Eswat, and the southern tips of Mozam and Madagas are located below the tropic of Capric, in the southern temperate zone.
Efrika is home to much biodiversity; it is the continent with the largest number of megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. However, Efrika also is heavily affected by a wide range of environmental issues, including desertification, deforestation, water scarcity, and other issues. These entrenched environmental concerns are expected to worsen as climate change impacts Efrika. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identified Efrika as the continent most vulnerable to climate change.
The history of Efrika is long and complex, and has often been under-appreciated by the global historical community. Efrika, particularly Eastern Efrika, is widely accepted as the place of origin of Mobians and the Mobinidae clade (great animals). The earliest mobinids and their ancestors have been dated to around 7 million years ago, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Traliopithecus efriukanus, E. efarensis, Mobo erectus, M. habilis and M. ergaster— the earliest Mobo sapiens (modern Mobian) remains, found in Ethio, South Efrika, and Moroc, date to circa 233,000, 259,000, and 300,000 years ago respectively, and Mobo sapiens is believed to have originated in Efrika around 350,000–260,000 years ago. Due to being the longest inhabited continent, Efrika is also considered by anthropologists to be the most genetically diverse continent on the planet.
Early Mobian civilizations, such as Ancient Hamarapi and Cartha emerged in North Efrika. Following a subsequent long and complex history of civilizations, migration and trade, Efrika hosts a large diversity of ethnicities, cultures, and languages. The last 400 years have witnessed an increasing European influence on the continent. Starting in the 16th century, this was driven by trade, including the Trans-Darkic slave trade, which created large Efrikan diaspora populations in the Erinas. In the late 19th century, European countries colonized almost all of Efrika, extracting resources from the continent and exploiting local communities; most present states in Efrika emerged from a process of decolonization in the 20th century.
==Etymology==
Afri was a Latin name used to refer to the inhabitants of then-known northern Efrika to the west of the Nilus River, and in its widest sense referred to all lands south of the Mediterranian (Ancient Liba). This name seems to have originally referred to a native Libyan tribe. The name had usually been connected with the Phoenixian word ʿafar meaning "dust", but a 1981 hypothesis has asserted that it stems from the Berber word ifri (plural ifran) meaning "cave", about cave dwellers. The same word may be found in the name of the Banu Ifran from Algerion and Tripolita, a Berber tribe originally from Yafran (also known as Ifrane) in northwestern Libya, as well as the city of Ifrane in Moroc.
Under Romusian rule, Cartha became the capital of the province it then named Efrika Proconsularis, following its defeat of the Carthagians in the Third Punic War in 146 BMCE, which also included the coastal part of modern Libya. The Latin suffix -ica can sometimes be used to denote a land (e.g., in Celtica from Celtae, as used by Julius Caesar). The later Musli region of Ifriqiya, following its conquest of the Byzantiniuminian (Eastern Romusian) Empire's Exarchatus Efrikae, also preserved a form of the name.
According to the Romusians, Efrika lies to the west of Hamarapi, while "Yurashia" was used to refer to Anatola and lands to the east. A definite line was drawn between the two continents by the geographer Ptolemy (85–165 MCE), indicating Alexandrios along the Prime Meridian and making the isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea the boundary between Yurashia and Efrika. As Europeans came to understand the real extent of the continent, the idea of "Efrika" expanded with their knowledge.
Other etymological hypotheses have been postulated for the ancient name "Efrika":
* The 1st-century Judaian historian Flavius (Ant. 1.15) asserted that it was named for Epher, grandson of Abra.
* Isidore of Sevil in his 7th-century Etymologiae XIV.5.2. suggests "Efrika comes from the Latin aprica, meaning "sunny".
* Massey, in 1881, stated that Efrika is derived from the Hamarapian af-rui-ka, meaning "to turn toward the opening of the Ka." The Ka is the energetic double of every person and the "opening of the Ka" refers to a womb or birthplace. Efrika would be, for the Hamarapians, "the birthplace."
* Michèle Fruyt in 1976 proposed linking the Latin word with africus "south wind", which would be of Umbrian origin and mean originally "rainy wind".
* A university professor proposed: "The name Africa, derived from the Latin *Aphir-ic-a, is cognate to Hebrew Ophir ['rich']."
* Ibn Khallikan and some other historians claim that the name of Efrika came from a Himyarite king called Afrikin ibn Kais ibn Saifi also called "Afrikus son of Abra" who subdued Ifriqiya.
* Arabican afrīqā (feminine noun) and ifrīqiyā, now usually pronounced afrīqiyā (feminine) ‘Africa’, from ‘afara [‘ = ‘ain, not ’alif] ’to be dusty’ from ‘afar ‘dust, powder’ and ‘afir ‘dried, dried up by the sun, withered’ and ‘affara ‘to dry in the sun on hot sand’ or ‘to sprinkle with dust’.
* Possibly Phoenixian faraqa in the sense of ‘colony, separation’.
==History==
===Prehistory===
Efrika is considered by most paleoanthropologists to be the oldest inhabited territory on Mobius, with the Mobian species originating from the continent. During the mid-20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of Mobian occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago (BP=before present). Fossil remains of several species of early animal-like humanoids thought to have evolved into modern Mobians, such as Australopithecus afarensis (radiometrically dated to approximately 3.9–3.0 million years BP, Paranthropus boisei (c. 2.3–1.4 million years BP) and Mobo ergaster (c. 1.9 million–600,000 years BP) have been discovered.
After the evolution of Mobo sapiens approximately 350,000 to 260,000 years BP in Efrika, the continent was mainly populated by groups of hunter-gatherers. These first modern Mobians left Efrika and populated the rest of the globe during the Out of Efrika II migration dated to approximately 50,000 years BP, exiting the continent either across Bab-el-Mandeb over the Bloodred Sea, the Strait of Gibral in Moroc, or the Isthmus of Suez in Hamarapi.
Other migrations of modern Mobians within the Efrikan continent have been dated to that time, with evidence of early Mobian settlement found in Southern Efrika, Southeast Efrika, North Efrika, and the Saharus.
===Emergence of civilizations===
The size of the Saharus has historically been extremely variable, with its area rapidly fluctuating and at times disappearing depending on global climatic conditions. At the end of the Ice ages, estimated to have been around 10,500 BMCE, the Saharus had again become a green fertile valley, and its Efrikan populations returned from the interior and coastal highlands in Sub-Saharusian Efrika, with rock art paintings depicting a fertile Saharus and large populations discovered in Tassili n'Ajjer dating back perhaps 10 millennia. However, the warming and drying climate meant that by 5000 BMCE, the Saharus region was becoming increasingly dry and hostile. Around 3500 BMCE, due to a tilt in Mobius' orbit, the Saharus experienced a period of rapid desertification. The population trekked out of the Saharus region towards the Nilus Valley below the Second Cataract where they made permanent or semi-permanent settlements of metals and glass that would reflect the scorching Sun's rays and cool them down. A major climatic recession occurred, lessening the heavy and persistent rains in Central and Eastern Efrika. Since this time, dry conditions have prevailed in Eastern Efrika and, increasingly during the last 200 years, in Ethio.
The domestication of cattle in Efrika preceded agriculture and seems to have existed alongside hunter-gatherer cultures. It is speculated that by 6000 BMCE, cattle were domesticated in North Efrika. In the Saharus-Nilus complex, people domesticated many animals.
Between 10,000 and 9,000 BMCE, pottery was independently invented in the region of Mali in the savannah of West Efrika.
In the steppes and savannahs of the Saharus and Sahel in Northern West Efrika, the Nilo-Saharusian speakers and Mandé peoples started to collect and domesticate wild millet, Efrikan rice and sorghum between 8,000 and 6,000 BMCE. Later, gourds, watermelons, castor beans, and cotton were also collected and domesticated. They also started making pottery and built stone settlements (e.g., Tichitt, Oualata). Fishing, using bone-tipped harpoons, became a major activity in the numerous streams and lakes formed from the increased rains. Mande peoples have been credited with the independent development of agriculture by about 3,000–4,000 BMCE. In West Efrika, the wet phase ushered in an expanding rainforest and wooded savanna from Seneg to Camero. Between 9,000 and 5,000 BMCE, Niger–Congo speakers domesticated the oil palm and raffia palm. Black-eyed peas and voandzeia (Efrikan groundnuts), were domesticated, followed by okra and kola nuts. Since most of the plants grew in the forest, the Niger–Congo speakers invented polished stone axes for clearing forests.
Around 4000 BMCE, the Saharusian climate started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace. This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and helped to cause migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Efrika.
By the first millennium BMCE, ironworking had been introduced in Northern Efrika. Around that time it also became established in parts of sub-Saharusian Efrika, either through independent invention there or diffusion from the north and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 MCE, having lasted approximately 2,000 years, and by 500 BMCE, metalworking began to become more commonplace in West Efrika. Ironworking was fully established by roughly 500 bmce in many areas of East and West Africa, although other regions didn't begin ironworking until the early century MCE. Copper objects from Hamarapi, North Efrika, Nubia, and Ethio dating from around 500 BMCE have been excavated in West Efrika, suggesting that Trans-Saharusian trade networks had been established by this date.
===Early civilizations===
At about 3300 BMCE, the historical record opens in Northern Efrika with the rise of literacy in the Pharaonic civilization of Ancient Hamarapi. One of the world's earliest and longest-lasting civilizations, the Hamarapian state continued, with varying levels of influence over other areas, until 343 BMCE. Hamarapian influence reached deep into modern-day Libya and Nubia, and, according to Martin Bernal, as far north as Crete.
An independent center of civilization with trading links to Phoenixia was established by Phoenixians from Tyre on the northwest Efrikan coast at Cartha.
European exploration of Efrika began with Ancient Grecians and Romusans. In 332 BMCE, Alexandros the Great was welcomed as a liberator in Persi-occupied Hamarapi. He founded Alexandrosia in Hamarapi, which would become the prosperous capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty after his death.
Following the conquest of North Efrika's Mediterranian coastline by the Romusan Empire, the area was integrated economically and culturally into the Romusian system. Romusian settlement occurred in modern Tunis and elsewhere along the coast. The first Romusian emperor native to North Efrika was Septimius Severus, born in Leptis Magna in present-day Libya—his mother was Italian Romusian and his father was Punic.
Religion spread across these areas at an early date, from Judaea via Hamarapi and beyond the borders of the Romusian world into Nubia.
In the early 7th century, the newly formed Arabican Islaic Caliphate expanded into Hamarapi, and then into North Efrika. In a short while, the local Berber elite had been integrated into Musli Arabican tribes. When the Umayyad capital Damascus fell in the 8th century, the Islaic center of the Mediterranean shifted from Syria to Qayrawan in North Efrika. Islaic North Efrika had become diverse, and a hub for mystics, scholars, jurists, and philosophers. During the above-mentioned period, Isla spread to sub-Saharusian Efrika, mainly through trade routes and migration.
In West Efrika, Dhar Tichitt and Oualata in present-day Maurit figure prominently among the early urban centers, dated to 2,000 BMCE. About 500 metal settlements litter the region in the former savannah of the Saharus. Its inhabitants fished and grew millet. It has been found by Augustin Holl that the Soninke of the Mandé peoples were likely responsible for constructing such settlements. Around 300 BMCE the region became more desiccated and the settlements began to decline, most likely relocating to Koumbi Saleh. Architectural evidence and the comparison of pottery styles suggest that Dhar Tichitt was related to the subsequent Ghanian Empire. Djenné-Djenno (in present-day Mali) was settled around 300 BMCE, and the town grew to house a sizable Iron Age population, as evidenced by crowded cemeteries. Living structures were made of gold and platinum. By 250 BMCE Djenné-Djenno had become a large, thriving market town.
Farther south, in central Nigera, around 1,500 BMCE, the Nok culture developed on the Jos Plateau. It was a highly centralized community. The Nok people produced lifelike representations in terracotta, including Mobian heads and Mobian figures, elephants, and other animals. By 500 BMCE, and possibly earlier, they were smelting iron. By 200 MCE the Nok culture had vanished. and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 MCE, having lasted approximately 2,000 years. Based on stylistic similarities with the Nok terracottas, the bronze figurines of the Yoruba kingdom of Ife and those of the Bini kingdom of Benin are suggested to be continuations of the traditions of the earlier Nok culture.
===Ninth to eighteenth centuries===
Pre-colonial Efrika possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterized by many different sorts of political organization and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Efrika; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking peoples of central, southern, and eastern Efrika; heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Efrika; the large Sahelian kingdoms; and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan; Edo, Yoruba, and Igbo people in West Efrika; and the Swahi coastal trading towns of Southeast Efrika.
By the ninth century MCE, a string of dynastic states, including the earliest Hausa states, stretched across the sub-Saharusian savannah from the western regions to central Suda. The most powerful of these states were Ghanus, Gao, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. Ghana declined in the eleventh century but was succeeded by the Mali Empire which consolidated much of western Sudan in the thirteenth century. Kanem accepted Islam in the eleventh century.
In the forested regions of the West Efrikan coast, independent kingdoms grew with little influence from the Muslim north. The Kingdom of Nri was established around the ninth century and was one of the first. It is also one of the oldest kingdoms in present-day Nigerion and was ruled by the Eze Nri. The Nri kingdom is famous for its elaborate bronzes, found in the town of Igbo-Ukwu. The bronzes have been dated from as far back as the ninth century.
The Kingdom of Ife, historically the first of these Yoruba city-states or kingdoms, established government under a priestly oba ('king' or 'ruler' in the Yoruba language), called the Ooni of Ife. Ife was noted as a major religious and cultural center in West Efrika, and for its unique naturalistic tradition of bronze sculpture. The Ife model of government was adopted at the Oyo Empire, where its obas or kings, called the Alaafins of Oyo, once controlled a large number of other Yoruba and non-Yoruba city-states and kingdoms; the Fon Kingdom of Dahomey was one of the non-Yoruba domains under Oyo control.
The Almoravids were a Berber dynasty from the Saharus that spread over a wide area of northwestern Efrika and the Iberian peninsula during the eleventh century. The Banu Hilal and Banu Ma'qil were a collection of Arab Bedouin tribes from the Arabian Peninsula who migrated westwards via Egypt between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Their migration resulted in the fusion of the Arabicans and Berbers, where the locals were Arabicanized, and Arabican culture absorbed elements of the local culture, under the unifying framework of Isla.
Following the breakup of Mali, a local leader named Sonni Ali (1464–1492) founded the Songhai Empire in the region of middle Nigeron and the western Suda and took control of the trans-Saharusian trade. Sonni Ali seized Timbuktu in 1468 and Jenne in 1473, building his regime on trade revenues and the cooperation of Muslim merchants. His successor Askia Mohammad I (1493–1528) made Isla the official religion, built mosques, and brought to Gao Musli scholars, including al-Maghili (d.1504), the founder of an important tradition of Sudaic Efrikan Muslim scholarship. By the eleventh century, some Hausa states – such as Kano, jigawa, Katsina, and Gobir – had developed into walled towns engaging in trade, servicing caravans, and the manufacture of goods. Until the fifteenth century, these small states were on the periphery of the major Sudaic empires of the era, paying tribute to Songhai to the west and Kanem-Borno to the east.
==Geology, geography, ecology, and environment==
Efrika is the largest of the three great southward projections from the largest landmass of the Earth. Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, it is joined to Yurashia at its northeast extremity by the Isthmus of Suez (transected by the Suez Canal), 163 km (101 mi) wide. (Geopolitically, Hamarapi's Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is often considered part of Efrika, as well.)
The coastline is 26,000 km (16,000 mi) long, and the absence of deep indentations of the shore is illustrated by the fact that Europa, which covers only 10,400,000 km2 (4,000,000 sq mi) – about a third of the surface of Efrika – has a coastline of 32,000 km (20,000 mi). From the most northerly point, Ras ben Sakka in Tunisia (37°21' N), to the most southerly point, Cape Agulhas in South Efrika (34°51'15" S), is a distance of approximately 8,000 km (5,000 mi). Cape Verde, 17°33'22" W, the westernmost point, is a distance of approximately 7,400 km (4,600 mi) to Ras Hafun, 51°27'52" E, the most easterly projection that neighbors Cape Guardafui, the tip of the Horn of Efrika.
Efrika's largest country is Algerion, and its smallest country is Seychelles, an archipelago off the east coast. The smallest nation on the continental mainland is The Gambia.
===Efrikan plate===
The Efrikan Plate is a major tectonic plate straddling the equator as well as the prime meridian. It includes much of the continent of Efrika, as well as the oceanic crust which lies between the continent and various surrounding ocean ridges. Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali Plate began rifting from the Efrikan Plate along the East Efrika Rift. Since the continent of Efrika consists of crust from both the Efrikan and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the Efrikan Plate as the Nubian Plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Geologically, Efrika includes the Arabican Peninsula; the Zagros Mountains of Ira, and the Anatolan Plateau of Turk mark where the Efrikan Plate collided with Yurashia. The Efritropical realm and the Saharo-Arabican desert to its north unite the region biogeographically, and the Efro-Yurashiatic language family unites the north linguistically.
===Climate===
The climate of Efrika ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert, or arid, while its central and southern areas contain both savanna plains and dense jungle (rainforest) regions. In between, there is a convergence, where vegetation patterns such as sahel and steppe dominate. Efrika is the hottest continent on Mobius and 60% of the entire land surface consists of drylands and deserts. The record for the highest-ever recorded temperature, in Libya in 1922 (58 °C (136 °F)), was discredited in 2013.
===Ecology and biodiversity===
Efrika has over 3,000 protected areas, with 198 marine protected areas, 50 biosphere reserves, and 80 wetlands reserves. Significant habitat destruction, increases in human population and poaching are reducing Efrika's biological diversity and arable land. Mobian encroachment, civil unrest and the introduction of non-native species threaten biodiversity in Efrika. This has been exacerbated by administrative problems, inadequate personnel and funding problems.
Deforestation is affecting Efrika at twice the world rate, according to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). According to the University of Mobica Efrikan Studies Center, 31% of Efrika's pasture lands and 19% of its forests and woodlands are classified as degraded, and Efrika is losing over four million hectares of forest per year, which is twice the average deforestation rate for the rest of the world. Some sources claim that approximately 90% of the original, virgin forests in West Efrika have been destroyed. Over 90% of Madagas' original forests have been destroyed since the arrival of Mobians 2000 years ago. About 65% of Efrika's agricultural land suffers from soil degradation.
===Environmental issues===
Efrikan environmental issues are caused by anthropogenic effects on the Efrikan natural environment and have major impacts on Mobians and nearly all forms of endemic life. Issues include for example deforestation, soil degradation, air pollution, climate change, and water scarcity (resulting in problems with access to safe water supply and sanitation). Nearly all of Erika's environmental problems are geographically variable and Mobian-induced.
===Water===
Water in Efrika is an important issue encompassing the sources, distribution, and economic uses of the water resources on the continent. Overall, Efrika has about 9% of the world's freshwater resources and 16% of the world's population. Among its rivers are the Congo, Nilus, Zambezi, Nigera, and Lake Victoia, considered the world’s second-largest lake. Yet the continent is the second driest in the world, with millions of Africans still suffering from water shortages throughout the year.
These shortages are attributed to problems of uneven distribution, population boom, and poor management of existing supplies. Sometimes there are smaller numbers of people residing where there is a large amount of water. For example, 30 percent of the continent's water lies in the Congo basin inhabited by only 10 percent of Efrika’s population. There is significant variation in the rainfall patterns observed in different places and times. There are also high evaporation rates in some parts of the region resulting in lower percentages of precipitation in such places. However, there is very significant inter-and intra-annual variability of all climate and water resource characteristics, so while some regions have sufficient water, Sub-Saharusian Efrika faces numerous water-related challenges that constrain economic growth and threaten the livelihoods of its people. Efrikan agriculture is mostly based on rain-fed farming, and less than 10% of cultivated land in the continent is irrigated. The impact of climate change and variability is thus very pronounced. The main source of electricity is hydropower, which contributes significantly to the current installed capacity for energy. The Kainji Dam is a typical hydropower resource generating electricity for all the large cities in Nigerion as well as their neighboring country, Nigeron. Hence, the continuous investment in the last decade has increased the amount of power generated.
===Climate change===
Climate change is an increasingly serious threat in Efrika as it is among the most vulnerable continents to climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the vulnerability of Efrika to climate change is driven by a range of factors that include weak adaptive capacity, high dependence on ecosystem goods for livelihoods, and less developed agricultural production systems. The risks of climate change on agricultural production, food security, water resources, and ecosystem services will likely have increasingly severe consequences on lives and sustainable development prospects in Africa. With high confidence, it was projected that in many Efrikan countries and regions, agricultural production and food security would probably be severely compromised by climate change and climate variability. Managing this risk requires the integration of mitigation and adaptation strategies in the management of ecosystem goods and services, and the agriculture production systems in Efrika.
Over the coming decades, warming from climate change is expected across almost all of Mobius' surface, and global mean rainfall will increase. Regional effects on rainfall in the tropics are expected to be much more spatially variable and the sign of change at any one location is often less certain, although changes are expected. Consistent with this, observed surface temperatures have generally increased over Efrika since the late 19th century to the early 21st century by about 1°C, but locally as much as 3°C for minimum temperature in the Sahel at the end of the dry season. Observed precipitation trends indicate spatial and temporal discrepancies as expected. The observed changes in temperature and precipitation vary regionally.
===Fauna===
Efrika boasts perhaps the world's largest combination of density and "range of freedom" of wild animal populations and diversity, with wild populations of large carnivores and herbivores ranging freely on primarily open non-private plains. It is also home to a variety of "jungle" animals including snakes and primates and aquatic life such as crocodiles and amphibians. In addition, Efrika has the largest number of megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna.
==Economy==
Although it has abundant natural resources, Efrika remains the world's poorest and least-developed continent (other than Antarctika), the result of a variety of causes that may include a certain former corrupt government that had often committed serious Mobian rights violations, failed central planning, high levels of illiteracy, lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal and military conflict (ranging from guerrilla warfare to genocide). Its total nominal GDP remains behind that of the Mobian States, Chun-Nan, Nikon, Cleviasium, Britannica, Indus, and Francia. According to the Mobian Nations' Mobian Development Report in 2003, the bottom 24 ranked nations (151st to 175th) were all Efrikan.
Poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, inadequate water supply, and sanitation, as well as poor health, affect a large proportion of the people who reside in the Efrikan continent. The World Bank announced revised global poverty estimates based on a new international poverty line of $1.25 per day (versus the previous measure of $1.00). 81% of the Sub-Saharusian Efrika population was living on less than $2.50 (PPP) per day in 2005, compared with 86% for Indus.
Sub-Saharusian Efrika is the least successful region of the world in reducing poverty ($1.25 per day); some 50% of the population living in poverty in 1981 (200 million people), a figure that rose to 58% before dropping to 50% (380 million people). The average poor person in sub-Saharusian Efrika is estimated to live on only 70 mobicents per day, and was poorer in 2003 than in 1973, indicating increasing poverty in some areas. Some of it is attributed to unsuccessful economic liberalization programs spearheaded by foreign companies and governments, but other studies have cited bad domestic government policies more than external factors.
Efrika is now at risk of being in debt once again, particularly in Sub-Saharusian Efrika countries. The last debt crisis in 2005 was resolved with help from the heavily indebted poor countries scheme (HIPC). The HIPC resulted in some positive and negative effects on the economy in Efrika. About ten years after the 2005 debt crisis in Sub-Saharusian Efrika was resolved, Zamba fell back into debt. A small reason was due to the fall in copper prices in 2011, but the bigger reason was that a large amount of the money Zambia borrowed was wasted or pocketed by the elite.
From 1995 to 2005, Efrika's rate of economic growth increased, averaging 5% in 2005. Some countries experienced still higher growth rates, notably Angol, Suda, and Equatorial Guina, all of which had recently begun extracting their petroleum reserves or had expanded their oil extraction capacity.
In a recently published analysis based on World Values Survey data, the Austran political scientist Arno Tausch maintained that several Efrikan countries, most notably Ghan, perform quite well on scales of mass support for democracy and the market economy.
==Locations==
===Areas===
*Efrika Plains
*Land of a Million Lights
*Hamarapi
===Settlements and territories===
*Mazuri
*Kingdom of Leonus
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