Republic of Temasek (The Great Calamity)

==History==
===Early Temasek===
===Republic of Temasek===
===National Reforms===
==Government==
===Early Republic===
Temasek in its earliest days was ruled by a High Council of 7 members representing the wealthiest families of the city. However, less than 50 years after its inauguration the High Council was forced to yield power to the newly created Senate, which consisted of representatives of the most important families in the city, as well as representatives of the major guilds and professional associations of the city, for a total fluctuating between 600 and 800 senators. 
The Senate was created when, having endured decades of harsh and corrupt rule by the High Council, a majority of the major families of the city, including merchants, bankers, landowners and even entire trade guilds threatened to leave or go on strike if political reforms were not implemented. Most senators were the hereditary heads of senatorial families. A family could be appointed to the senate by the senate, and equally, a senatorial family could be stripped of its titles and ejected from the senate. Other than these senatorial families, some senators were the appointed representatives of the major guilds and professional associations of the city.
While the Senate was the highest body of government, the day to day affairs of the city were managed by a reformed High Council consisting of 15 councillors appointed by the Senate.
===Middle Republic===
A series of popular revolts in the 2180s led to the Reforms of Hakim, initiated and overseen by Chair of the High Council, Adam Hakim. In general they led to a significantly more democratic system of government, greater inclusion in government of the peoples of the provinces, and diminished the power of the Senate.
A second legislative assembly was created, the House of Commons, consisting of a large number of elected representatives from all over the Republic, not just Temasek. Each representative was elected to represent a single-member constituency for a term of 7 years. For the first time, the people living in the provinces (conquered territories) of the Republic were given representation in the government that was previously dominated by the citizens of the core territory of Temasek. 
Unfortunately for many, the right to vote was restricted to those who owned above a certain level of property, preventing anyone not part of the upper middle class and upper class from voting. Additionally, restrictions on who was able to contest an election meant that in practice only the wealthy were ever able to get elected.
The High Council at this time was still appointed by the Senate but was required to consist of at minimum 8 members from the House of Commons, at most 7 members from the Senate.
===Modern Republic===
Over the course of more than a century of reforms, often precipitated by public agitation or concerted efforts by the increasingly organised political parties of the House of Commons, the Republic of Temasek has taken on its modern, democratic, quasi-federal form.
The head of state of the Republic is the Steward of Temasek, a largely ceremonial role charged with the safeguarding of the rights and freedoms of the citizens of the Republic. The Steward is elected through a lengthy and complex process of selection designed to choose an individual capable of commanding the respect and support of the whole country. The process of selecting a new Steward begins with Nomination Day, when the two houses of Parliament meet in a joint sessions, and any senator or member of parliament may nominate one individual (with their written consent) to be a candidate for the Stewardship. The joint session of Parliament then votes using the single transferrable vote (STV) electoral system to narrow the list of nominees down to the 12 most popular candidates. Next, all eligible citizens across the Republic will vote in a national election also using the single transferrable vote electoral system to narrow the list of candidates down to the top 3 most popular candidates. Finally, a joint session of Parliament will vote on the final 3 candidates by simply marking their approval or disapproval of each of the 3 candidates individually. The candidate with both the highest approval rating and a minimum of 80% (approval) of the votes cast will be elected as Steward of Temasek. If no candidate achieves a minimum of 80% approval, the lowest scoring candidate will be eliminated and the joint session of Parliament will keep voting until one candidate achieves both the highest approval rating and a minimum approval rating of 80%. Thus, near-unanimous approval of the Steward is achieved.
The executive branch of the government of Temasek is the High Council, consisting of the Chief Councillor and anywhere between 5 and 25 other councillors, depending on the government. The Chief Councillor is a member of the House of Commons and is the individual able to command the most support in House of Commons. Once appointed as Chief Councillor by the Steward, the Chief Councillor recommend to the Steward other members of the House of Commons and Senate to be appointed as members of the High Council.
The legislative branch of the government of Temasek is the Parliament of Temasek, which consists of an upper house called the Senate, and a lower house called the House of Commons. The Senate consists of 839 senators. Of these, 253 are hereditary nobility, 405 are non-hereditary peers of the realm, 26 are representatives of the traditional guilds of the City of Temasek, 130 are appointed representatives of the 13 provinces of Temasek, 10 are appointed representatives of the City of Temasek, and 15 are representatives of the colonies in Borneo. The House of Commons consists of 650 members known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Each MP represents a single-member constituency and is elected via the instant-runoff electoral system.
The judicial branch of the government of Temasek is the High Court of Temasek. The highest court of Temasek was previously the Senate, but the judicial powers of the Senate were recently removed by an Act of Parliament and given to the newly formed High Court of Temasek. The High Court consists of 15 justices appointed by the Steward on the advice of the House of Commons and with the consent of the Senate. 
==Military==
The Temasek Armed Forces consists of 3 service branches. These are the Grand Navy of Temasek (GNT), the Grand Army of Temasek (GAT), and the Republic of Temasek Air Force (RTAF). Additionally, the Temasek Marine Corps (TMC) is the naval infantry and amphibious warfare branch of the Grand Navy, and has see service across the Republic in amphibious and expeditionary operations.
===Grand Navy of Temasek===
The Grand Navy off Temasek (GNT) is the naval component of the Temasek Armed Forces. As the senior and preeminent branch of the Temasek Armed Forces, a significant amount of prestige is associated with being a sailor in the GNT. As such, the GNT receives large numbers of applications every year and is able to be highly selective in its admissions process. The GNT consists of 22,000 sailors and is one of the most technologically capable navies in Southeast Asia.
The Temasek Marine Corps (TMC) is a division of the GNT specializing in amphibious and expeditionary warfare. It is commonly the spearhead of naval assaults on land targets, clearing the way for the forces of the Grand Army. It consists of 6,000 marines.
===Grand Army of Temasek===
The Grand Army of Temasek (GAT) is the land component of the Temasek Armed Forces. It consists of 76,000 soldiers recruited from across the republic. Soldiers are generally recruited from geographic recruitment districts, and are intentionally assigned to units in other districts to ensure all units are mixed-race and mixed in origin, to promote peace and cooperation between Temasek's diverse ethnic groups. 
===Republic of Temasek Air Force===
The youngest component of the armed forces, the Republic of Temasek Air Force (RTAF) consists of 13,000 airmen operating a fleet of 100 fixed-wing combat aircraft and 150 other aircraft, including helicopters and patrol aircraft. Historically, the primary role of the RTAF was to provide air support to naval and ground forces. However, as security concerns in the region have increased, the RTAF's role has expanded to include defence of Temasek air space and ground targets from ground and air attacks in its own right, as well as to engage in offensive aerial operations when necessary.
==Economy==
===Currency & Banking===
The currency of Temasek is the Jongkang (JK). The Jongkang is subdivided into Sek (S). Banknotes are issue by the National Bank of Temasek and coins are minted by the National Mint of Temasek. Banknotes denominated in 2JK, 5JK, 10JK, 20JK, 50JK and 100JK are issued by the BoT. Coins are minted in the 1JK, 30S, 20S, 10S, 5S and 1S denominations.
The banking system of Temasek is organised such that the central bank of the Republic of the National Bank of Temasek (NBT). WIP