Proficiencies (GAP)

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: "No, no, no." Malruibos scowled. "Like this." The old man reached out with his mind, grabbing hold of the young girl's mental aura as she raced through the energy flows of the Astral Plane. She began to slow.
: Even as Terras focused all of her mind on moving - only moving (as Master Malruibos had taught her) - she could not overcome the force of his mind dragging her to a stop. Her pained expression said that her frustration was getting the better of her. She stopped completely, remaining perfectly still. The githyanki would've chopped you into tiny bits with their silver chivs by now. Try harder."
: Terras sighed as she felt the mental grip on her subside. Closing her eyes, she started moving again. This time, she thought, I'll show the old man.
The Astral Plane, being an environment completely unlike any other, has provided the impetus for individuals to develop a number of proficiencies uniquely designed to master its conditions. Most, if not all of these skills, were developed by the githyanki, who have the most experience in the Silver Void by far. They utilize these proficiencies on a continual basis, and they are common among members of this race. Over the years, the knowledge has slipped out, and now other planars have mastered them as well. 
While most planewalkers find that it is not worth learning these proficiencies, those planning prolonged stays on the Astral will soon discover that their lives are much, much easier once they've mastered a few of these tricks of the trade.
:Table from Sage Advice (Dragon Magazine # 254)
 Proficiency Summary
Proficiency 	Group* 	Cost (Slots/CPs)	Relevant Ability 	Ability Modifier/Initial Rating
Astral Combat 	Warrior, General 	2/5 	Intelligence/Reason	0/8
Astral Navigation	Warrior, Wizard, Priest	2/4 	Intelligence/Reason	-2/6
Astral Running 	General 	1/2 	Intelligence/Reason	-/-
Astral Tracking 	Warrior 	2/4 	Wisdom/Intuition 	0/8
Project Thoughts 	General 	2/4 	Intelligence/Reason	-2/6
Read Spellshadow 	Wizard 	1/3 	Intelligence/Reason	-2/6
Sense Emotion 	General 	1/3 	Wisdom/Intuition 	-1/7
Note that Astral combat requires a roll only if the character tries to maneuver for advantage. Most of the time, the skill simply negates the normal penalties for Astral combat (-2 to missile attacks). Likewise, Astral running boosts the character's movement rate in the Astral Plane to six times his Intelligence score (maximum of 96).