2009 Venezuela

(Nation)
Flag:
center|Location
Capital: Caracas
Official Language: Spanish
Government: Federal Presidential Republic
Head of State: (leave this blank for players)
Formation: From Spain: 1811 From Gran Colombia: 1830
Population: 28,199,822 (2008)
Currency: Bolívar Fuerte (VEF)
¨Human Rights Record¨ (Over all grade, notable abuses and ongoing controversies)
¨Territorial Disputes¨ Venezuela claims most of Guyana west of the Essequibo River.
¨Ongoing Conflicts¨ (If any)
Welcome to the international embassy of Venezuela! (Player added remarks)
=Diplomatic Relations=
Nation currently enjoys diplomatic relations with most Latin American and Western nations.
Relations with the USA worsened after the USA-funded attemptive coup in 2002.
Venezuela supports Russia's stance on Abchazia and South-Ossetia
Nation is a member of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas, MERCOSUR, Anti-Corruption Convention.
Nation is a signatory to the following treaties (list)
//We will do this bit later, just have the template up so we can do it.
=Summary=
Venezuela (pronounced /ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/, Spanish pronunciation: [beneˈswela]), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America.
The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela possesses borders with Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, St. Lucia, Barbados, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the Leeward Antilles lie just north, off the Venezuelan coast. Falling within the tropics, Venezuela sits close to the equator, in the Northern Hemisphere.
A former Spanish colony, which has been an independent republic since 1821, Venezuela holds territorial disputes with Guyana, largely concerning the Essequibo area, and with Colombia concerning the Gulf of Venezuela. In 1895, after the dispute over the Guyana border flared up, it was submitted to a neutral commission, which in 1899 decided it mostly in Guyana's favour.[1] Today, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is known widely for its petroleum industry, the environmental diversity of its territory, and its natural features. Venezuela is considered to be among the world's 17 most biodiverse countries.[2]
Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America;[3][4] the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas which is also the largest city. Other major cities include Maracaibo, Valencia, Maracay, Barquisimeto, Ciudad Guayana and the popular tourist city of Mérida. Venezuela is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
=Brief History=
Venezuela was first colonized by Spain in 1522, when it hosted the Spanish Empire's first permanent South American settlement in what is now Cumaná. After a series of unsuccessful uprisings, Venezuela—under the leadership of Francisco de Miranda, a Venezuelan marshal involved in the French Revolution—declared independence on July 5, 1811. This began the Venezuelan War of Independence. However, a devastating earthquake that struck Caracas in 1812, together with the rebellion of the Venezuelan llaneros, helped bring down the first Venezuelan republic. A second Venezuelan republic, proclaimed on August 7, 1813, lasted several months before being crushed as well.
Sovereignty was only attained after Simón Bolívar, aided by José Antonio Páez and Antonio José de Sucre, won the Battle of Carabobo on June 24, 1821. 
Much of Venezuela's nineteenth century history was characterized by political turmoil and dictatorial rule. During first half of the 20th century, caudillos (military strongmen) continued to dominate, though they generally allowed for mild social reforms and promoted economic growth. Following the death of Juan Vicente Gómez in 1935 and the demise of caudillismo (authoritarian rule), pro-democracy movements eventually forced the military to withdraw from direct involvement in national politics in 1958. 
In the February 1992 coup, Hugo Chávez, a former paratrooper, attempted to overthrow the government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez as anger grew against the President's economic austerity measures. Chávez was unsuccessful and landed in jail. In November of that year, another unsuccessful coup attempt occurred, organized by other revolutionary groups in the Venezuelan Armed Forces and those that remained from Chávez’s previous attempt.[16]
In 1998, Hugo Chávez (who led the first unsuccessful coup in 1992) was elected president as a reaction against the established political parties and the corruption and inequalities their policies created. He remains president today. Since coming to power, Chávez has attracted some controversy through his reforms of the Constitution, the implementation of his "Bolivarian Revolution", and in April 2002 (though now a democratically elected president) Chávez was temporarily ousted from power by right-wing elements in the army and the business sector.
But, with massive support of the people, Chávez quickly returned to his office of president.
In 2010, Hugo Chavez was diagnosed with Lead Poisioning and was forced to step down due to his intense treatments as well as questions regarding his mental health from the disease. His Vice-President, Ramón Alonso Carrizales Rengifo, took over after a snap elections in which only 33% of the population turned out to vote because of problems with communication of the date of the election and location of polling places.
=Diplomatic Messages=
(Please post them here)
=Resources=
Wikipedia on Venezuela