EMD SD45

The EMD (Electro Motive Division) SD45 is a series of six-axle 3,600 hp diesel locomotives which were built from December 1965 to December 1971. 1,260 were built before the SD45-2 super-ceded it. It had been phased from mainline service on Class 1's to helper service, and now very few "true" SD45's remain active.
==History==
The EMD SD45 was the response to GE's U36C and achieved 3,600 hp from a massive 20-645E3 prime mover. This locomotives' prime mover proved troublesome. The 20-645  could break its own crankshaft. This caused some railroads to still order SD40's through the SD45's production, as they did not find the added 600 hp worth the added expense. Southern Pacific, Santa Fe, Great Northern Railway, Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific Railway all bought SD45's to varying degrees. The SD45-2 was designed to remedy some of these problems. 3,600 hp SD45's are rare in 2013, Montana Rail Link still rosters a few, and uses them daily. Other regional and shortline operators continue to use the units. The first production SD45, GN #400, is named Hustle Muscle. The units is currently owned by the Great Northern Railway Historical Society, the unit is operable.
==SD45-2==
The SD45-2 was an initial success as well, consisting of being a complete improvement or upgrade as part of EMD's "Dash 2" line, it had little to almost absolutely no flaws during the early stages of production and during the model's official introduction. Though it mainly proved to be popular with the Santa Fe (ATSF), Southern Pacific (SP), and the predecessors of CSX (Seaboard System and Chessie System). A cabless variant or version ("booster" unit) was built as well, though it was primarily ordered and built upon request from the ATSF (as a result of the railroad's successful demonstrations and trials with their own rebuilt units). Though popular and compatible with the original SD45 as well, it's large 20-cylinder engine unfortunately didn't have long-lasting warranties like the 16-cylinder SD40 (and subsequent SD40-2); meaning that the 20-cylinder variant of the 645E3 engine wasn't guaranteed to last nearly as its 16-cylinder counterpart.
Though such railroads which owned fleets of their "45" series diesels built from EMD (such as the F45) were favored over their "40" series diesels, the "40" series proved (in later years) to have completely outlasted EMD's "45" series as a result of requiring less maintenance, consuming less fuel, and having better warranties with their engines. But by the time of the introduction of the SD50 (and GE's "Dash 8" line), owners began to retire and rebuild their fleets of SD45 and SD45-2 units into more compatible 16-cylinder types to be compatible with their newly produced fleets of units (such as CSX; though, they eventually traded-in their remaining SD45 and SD45-2 units for SD50's). Though, the ATSF simply downgraded and de-rated their fleets of "45" series units and weren't even retired until long after the BNSF merger in 1995-1996. Thus, making the ATSF the last owner and having the largest fleet of original "45" series, 20-cylinder types or models of EMD diesel locomotives on any North American or US Class 1 railroad.
SD45-2 units lasted somewhat longer than most SD45 units on various owners' rosters, yet they were all eventually replaced with succeeding types of six-axle EMD (and GE; though not until around GE's track to dominance in 1985) models beginning with the SD50. Thus, having SD45-2 and subsequent models (including the original SD45) withdrawn from revenue service by 2005 from every other North American Class 1 railroad.
==Design==
What was unique about the SD45's design, was its flared radiators (to whom the SD45-2 doesn't have); which was the first (and one of the only) types of diesel locomotives built by EMD to have such a unique design (excluding the GP40P-2 and other specialty units), and the original SD45 is the only official diesel locomotive built by EMD to have flared radiators. The others being rebuilds from other companies (aside from the later model designated SD70I/SD70AC units having flared radiators).
==Versions==
There are also several different versions of the SD45. Such as:
* SD45X (Experimental, 4,200 hp)
* SD45T-2 (Part of "Tunnel Motor" series)
* SDP45 (Modified passenger version; E-L units classed as SD45M's)
* SD45-2B (Cabless booster units rebuild by ATSF)
* SD45-2u (Sub-Versions by ATSF)
* SD50M-3 (Rebuilt cabless version of the original SD45-2B)
* DDM45 (Narrow-gauge eight-axle Brazilian version)
* SD44R (SP experimental version-only SP unit rebuilt with 16V-645 prime mover)
== Preservation ==
=== SD45 ===
* Great Northern 400, named "Hustle Muscle", was the first production SD45. It is preserved by the Great Northern Railway Historical Society, based out of Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was in active service on the Minnesota Transportation Museum's Osceola and St. Croix Valley Railway until it suffered a crankshaft failure in its original 20-645E3 engine, requiring a replacement engine to be installed. BNSF Railway overhauled a 20-645E3 engine from a retired ex-ATSF SD45-2 and donated and installed the new engine in January 2019.[citation needed]
* Erie Lackawanna No. 3607 is preserved at the St. Louis National Museum of Transportation. Restored to EL colors, this unit is a static display.
* Norfolk and Western No. 1776, a high-hood unit, is a static display at the Virginia Museum of Transportation and is currently painted in the red, white and blue colors which was repainted in May 1974 in celebration of the US Bi-Centennial, it went on a tour of the fourteen states in which the N&W operated with a coal hopper and piggyback trailer in similar colours. It was also one of the many locomotives to feature Bi-Centennial themes at about this time.
* Northern Pacific 3617 is preserved at the Lake Superior Railroad Museum. It has been restored to active service. NP 3617, a preserved SD45 in Minnesota
* Seaboard Coast Line No. 2024 is preserved at the Southern Appalachia Railway Museum and is currently painted in the Clinchfield Railroad scheme as of December 2017. 
* Southern Pacific No. 7457 is a static display at the Utah State Railroad Museum.
* Wisconsin Central No. 7525 is at the Illinois Railway Museum and is operable. It is one of two WC SD45 units to be painted in an Operation Lifesaver scheme.
* Kansas City Southern No. 1200 is at the Rail Museum of Heroica Matamoros in Matamoros, Mexico on static display.
=== SD45-2 ===
* On August 31, 2018, CSX donated former SD45-2 #8954 (ex: SCL #2049) to the Southeastern Railway Museum in Duluth, GA, making it the first SD45-2 to be preserved.
* On October 6, 2021, BNSF donated SD45-2 #6484 (ex: ATSF #5704, one of 5 units to receive a bicentennial scheme) to the Southern California Railway Museum in Perris, CA, and is being restored to its ATSF Bicentennial scheme.
==Gallery==
* Image Gallery
==Sources==
http://espee.railfan.net/spsd40m-2.html
http://www.atsfrr.com/resources/BackRalph/Santa%20Fe%20SD45-2.pdf
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