Prajñā (Buddhism)

thumb|right|145px|Mañjuśrī, the bodhisattva of wisdom. China, 9th–10th century
Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) "wisdom" is insight in the true nature of reality, namely primarily anicca (impermanence), dukkha (dissatisfaction or suffering), anattā (non-self) and śūnyatā (emptiness).
==Etymology==
Prajñā is often translated as "wisdom", but is closer in meaning to "insight", "discriminating knowledge", or "intuitive apprehension".
* jñā can be translated as "consciousness", "knowledge", or "understanding".See, e.g., Monier-Williams (1899), "jña," p. 425 (retrieved 14 August 2012 from "Cologne U." at mw0425-jehila.pdf). 
* Pra is an intensifier which can be translated as "higher", "greater", "supreme" or "premium",See, e.g., Monier-Williams (1899), "prā," p. 652 (retrieved 14 Aug. 2012 from "Cologne U." at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0659-prajalpana.jpg) or "being born or springing up", referring to a spontaneous type of knowing.
==Understanding in the Buddhist traditions==
Paññā is the fourth virtue of ten Theravāda pāramitās, and the sixth of the six Mahāyāna pāramitās.
===Theravada Buddhism===
In the Pāli Canon, paññā is concentrated insight into the three characteristics of all things, namely impermanence, suffering and no-self, and the four noble truths., Quote: "All phenomenal existence [in Buddhism] is said to have three interlocking characteristics: impermanence, suffering and lack of soul or essence."
In the 5th-century exegetical work Visuddhimagga, one of the most revered books in Theravada Buddhism, Buddhaghoṣa states that the function of paññā is "to abolish the darkness of delusion".
===Mahāyāna Buddhism===
In Mahayana Buddhism, the importance of prajna was stressed in combination with karuna, compassion. It took a central place in the Prajñā-pāramitā Sutras, such as the Heart Sutra. Prajna is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāna, through its revelation of the true nature of all things as emptiness.
==See also==
* Smaran/Simran
* Kenshō
* Mahāvākyas
* Noble Eightfold Path
* Five wisdoms
* Four ways of knowing
==References==
==Sources==
===Published sources===
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===Web-sources===
==External links==
* What is Prajna?
Category:Buddhist terminology
Category:Nondualism
Category:Wisdom