583 series

The 583 series and the similar 581 series are Japanese dual-voltage limited express electric multiple units operated by the Japanese National Railways and its various successor companies from October 1967 to April 2017.
==History==
Descended from the old 581 series types (which are practically identical apart from designations), the 583 series was used on many limited express services, charter services and the like from 1967 to 2017. All would be used on limited express services, but were most renowned for their operations on overnight sleeper services such as the Kitaguni and Gekkō, which led to their nickname of the "Moonlight Train".
During service, various 583 series cars were converted by JNR into 419 and 715 series cars and repurposed into commuter train sets; all 419 series cars were retired by 2011 and all 715 series cars were retired by 1998.
Some sets had been used for close to 50 years; only 6 cars remained in service by October 2016, set N1+N2 that was based in Akita Depot and owned by JR East, used for charter and seasonal services. This final set was retired on 8 April 2017 with a special final charter run. 
==Design==
The 583 series' body style is very similar to later 485 series cars.
==Specifications==
Construction is of steel. Each car was 21 meters long. Traction motors were resistor controlled, which was standard for the time. The 583 series sets can also be arranged in a number of configurations, ranging from 6 cars to 13 cars long.
==Preservation==
The following 583 series cars have been preserved:
Car number 	Manufacturer 	Date manufactured	Date retired 	Previous sets	Location 	Notes
KuHaNe 581-8 	Nippon Sharyo 	September 1967 	March 1998 	N/A 	Kyushu Railway History Museum, Kitakyushu, Kyushu, Japan	Ex-KuHa 715-1, restored back to its former appearance as KuHaNe 581-8; many 715 series-specific traits remain
KuHaNe 581-35 	Hitachi 	August 1968 	February 2015 	B6 	Kyoto Railway Museum, Kyoto, Japan 	Restored to JNR colors
MoHaNe 583-106	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	February 1972 	April 2017 	N1+N2 	Taipei Railway Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan 	Intermediate car; ex-N1/N2, last operational set
MoHaNe 582-106	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	February 1972 	April 2017 	N1+N2 	Taipei Railway Workshop, Taipei, Taiwan 	Intermediate car; ex-N1/N2, last operational set
SaHaNe 581-19 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	July 1968 	June 1990 	N/A 	Torokko Okoku Bifuka, Bifuka, Hokkaido, Japan 	Intermediate car, privately owned, used as accommodation; in poor cosmetic condition
SaHaNe 581-15 	Kisha Seizō 	August 1968 	June 1990 	N/A 	Noboribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan 	Intermediate car, privately owned, converted to driving range; in poor cosmetic condition
SaHaNe 581-18 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	June 1968 	June 1990 	N/A 	Noboribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan 	Intermediate car, privately owned, converted to driving range
SaShi 581-31 	Kisha Seizō 	February 1972 	March 1986 	N/A 	Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; planned to be moved to Poppo No Oka farm in Chiba, Japan after crowdfunding goal met
SaShi 581-6 	Nippon Sharyo 	June 1968 	October 1985 	N/A 	Sendai, Miyagi, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; exact location unknown
SaShi 581-8 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	June 1968 	October 1985 	N/A 	Sendai, Miyagi, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; exact location unknown
SaRo 581-20 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	February 1970 	September 1985	N/A 	Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan 	First class intermediate car, privately owned; exact location unknown
SaShi 581-17 	Kinki Sharyo 	September 1968 	June 1985 	N/A 	Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; exact location unknown
SaShi 581-34 	Nippon Sharyo 	March 1970 	August 1985 	N/A 	Kaga District, Okayama, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, converted to Train Cats restaurant until circa 2005; abandoned near solar panels, in poor cosmetic condition
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A side window and body panel of a SaShi 581 car is also preserved near Haramachi Elementary School in Saitama, Japan near the cab of EF60 116.
The following 583 series cars were preserved in the past but have since been scrapped:
Car number 	Manufacturer 	Date manufactured	Date retired 	Previous sets	Last location 	Notes
SaHaNe 581-14	Nippon Sharyo 	June 1968 	June 1990 	N/A 	Yūfutsu, Hokkaido, Japan 	Intermediate car, converted to drive-in after retirement, preserved alongside SaRo 481-41; scrapped in 2005 with SaHaNe 581-14 having overturned
SaHaNe 581-36	Nippon Sharyo 	June 1970 	June 1990 	N/A 	Yūfutsu, Hokkaido, Japan 	Intermediate car, converted to drive-in after retirement, preserved alongside SaRo 481-41; scrapped in 2005 with SaHaNe 581-14 having overturned
MoHaNe 583-95	Nippon Sharyo 	February 1972 	July 1990 	N/A 	Takatomo Wonder Farm, Miyagi, Japan 	Intermediate car, retired due to accident damage caused by derailment, converted into restaurant along with various other JNR railcars; scrapped in September 2008 due to body corrosion
MoHaNe 582-95	Nippon Sharyo 	February 1972 	July 1990 	N/A 	Takatomo Wonder Farm, Miyagi, Japan 	Intermediate car, retired due to accident damage caused by derailment, converted into restaurant along with various other JNR railcars; scrapped in September 2008 due to body corrosion
SaShi 581-32 	Nippon Sharyo 	February 1972 	March 1986 	N/A 	Ichihara, Chiba, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, converted to Inter Ramen ramen bar and later a Karaoke Super Blue Train karaoke bar; scrapped circa 2007
SaShi 581-29 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	February 1972 	July 1990 	N/A 	Fuchinobe Station, Kanagawa, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, converted to Chinese restaurant; scrapped at a later date
SaRo 581-26 	Kinki Sharyo 	July 1970 	February 1986 	N/A 	Dōshishamae Station, Kyoto, Japan 	First class intermediate car, privately owned, used as a station building; removed around 2004 and presumably scrapped
SaShi 581-25 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	May 1970 	June 1985 	N/A 	Kakogawa, Hyōgo, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, converted to Health Plaza Kakogawa casual restaurant along with passenger car KuRo 81 2122; closed in April 2008, scrapped at a later date
SaShi 581-2 	Kinki Sharyo 	September 1967 	March 1986 	N/A 	Mimasaka-Ōsaki Station, Okayama, Japan	Dining car, privately owned, converted to karaoke bar; removed around 2010 and presumably scrapped
SaRo 581-8 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	August 1968 	March 1986 	N/A 	Poppo Parco, Matsusaka, Japan 	First class intermediate car, used as karaoke lounge; removed when Poppo Parco closed circa 2005 and scrapped
SaRo 581-17 	Hitachi 	August 1968 	March 1986 	N/A 	Poppo Parco, Matsusaka, Japan 	First class intermediate car, used as karaoke lounge; removed when Poppo Parco closed circa 2005 and scrapped
SaShi 581-3 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	September 1967 	March 1986 	N/A 	Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; removed 1996
SaShi 581-15 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	August 1968 	March 1986 	N/A 	Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; removed 1996
SaShi 581-9 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	July 1968 	March 1986 	N/A 	Higashi, Okayama, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, operated as Train Cats restaurant; removed July 1999
SaShi 581-11 	Hitachi 	July 1968 	March 1986 	N/A 	Higashi, Okayama, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned, operated as Train Cats restaurant; removed July 1999
SaShi 581-24 	Kisha Seizō 	August 1970 	March 1986 	N/A 	Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan 	Dining car, privately owned; removed early 2000s
SaShi 581-10 	Kinki Sharyo 	July 1968 	September 1985	N/A 	Suminoe, Osaka, Japan 	Intermediate car, privately owned; removed unknown date
SaShi 581-30 	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	June 1971 	September 1985	N/A 	Suminoe, Osaka, Japan 	Intermediate car, privately owned; removed unknown date
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==Gallery==
File:KuHaNe 581-35 2023.jpg
File:583 Kitaguni 2010.jpg|583 series set B5 on a Kitaguni service in August 2010.
==References==
*Wikipedia.org
Category:JR Group trains
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:Hitachi locomotives
Category:Kawasaki locomotives
Category:Kinki Sharyo locomotives
Category:Kisha Seizō locomotives
Category:Nippon Sharyo locomotives
Category:Tokyu Car locomotives