Barstow, California

Barstow is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 22,639 at the 2010 census. Barstow is located north of San Bernardino.
Barstow is a major transportation center for the Inland Empire. Several major highways including Interstate 15, Interstate 40, California State Route 58, and U.S. Route 66 converge in the city. It is the site of a large rail classification yard, belonging to the BNSF Railway. The Union Pacific Railroad also runs through town using trackage rights on BNSF's main line to Daggett east, from where it heads to Salt Lake City and the BNSF heads to Chicago. Barstow is about from Baker, California and from Primm, Nevada. Barstow is almost exactly midway between Los Angeles, California ( southwest) and Las Vegas, Nevada ( northeast).
Barstow is home to Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow and is the closest city to the Fort Irwin National Training Center.
==History==
The settlement of Barstow began in the late 1830s in the Mormon Corridor. Every fall and winter, as the weather cooled, the rain produced new grass growth and replenished the water sources in the Mojave Desert. People, goods and animal herds would move from New Mexico and later Utah to Los Angeles, along the Old Spanish Trail from Santa Fe, or after 1848, on the Mormon Road from Salt Lake City. Trains of freight wagons traveled back to Salt Lake City and other points in the interior. These travelers followed the course of the Mojave River, watering and camping at Fish Ponds on its south bank (west of Nebo Center) or 3.625 miles up river on the north bank, at a riverside grove of willows and cottonwoods, festooned with wild grapes, called Grapevines (later the site of North Barstow). In 1859, the Mojave Road followed a route was established from Los Angeles to Fort Mojave through Grapevines that linked eastward with the Beale Wagon Road across northern New Mexico Territory to Santa Fe.
Indian troubles with the Paiute, Mojave and Chemehuevi tribes followed and from 1860 Camp Cady, a U.S. Army post east of Barstow, was occupied sporadically until 1864, then permanently, by soldiers occupying other posts on the Mojave Road or patrolling in the region until 1871. Trading posts were established at Grapevines and Fish Ponds that supplied travelers on the roads and increasingly the miners that came into the Mohave Desert after the end of hostilities with the native people.
Barstow's roots also lie in the rich mining history of the Mojave Desert following the discovery of gold and silver in the Owens Valley and in mountains to the east in the 1860s and 1870s. Due to the influx of miners arriving in Calico and Daggett, railroads were constructed to transport goods and people. The Southern Pacific built a line from Mojave, California through Barstow to Needles in 1883. In 1884, ownership of the line from Needles to Mojave was transferred to the Santa Fe Railroad. Paving the major highways through Barstow led to further development of the city. Much of its economy depends on transportation. Before the advent of the interstate highway system, Barstow was an important stop on both Routes 66 and 91. The two routes met in downtown Barstow and continued west together to Los Angeles.
Barstow is named after William Barstow Strong, former president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Some early Barstow names were Camp Sugarloaf, Grapevine, and Waterman Junction.
==Geography==
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , 99.98% land and 0.02% water.
===Climate===
Barstow experiences four seasons. Summer days are very hot, with highs typically exceeding . Winter, in contrast, is characterized by cold mornings, with lows near . Daily temperature ranges are large as a result of the low atmospheric moisture, typically between 30 and 35 F (16–18.5 C) difference. In January, the normal high temperature is with a low of . In July, the normal high temperature is with a low of . There are an average of 140 days with highs of or higher, an average of 82 days with highs of 100F degrees or higher, and an average of 25 days with lows of or lower.
The average annual precipitation is , with nearly 70% of rain typically falling during the cooler months (Nov–Apr). Snowfall is uncommon in winter, occurring every year or two. There are an average of 24 days annually with measurable precipitation.
The record high was on July 5, 2007, and the record low was on December 25, 1985. The wettest year was 1918 with and the driest year was 1904 with . The most rainfall in one month was in February 1998. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours was on September 10, 1976. The most snowfall in one month was in January 1949, including January 12; that month was one of the coldest and snowiest in southern California history.
http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca0519; http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca0521
http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim81/CAnorm.txt
===Vegetation===
The native vegetation is dominated by high and low desert shrubs such as creosote bush. City residents have introduced many non-native plants, prominent among which are trees such as Aleppo pine, Italian cypress, fan palm, ailanthus, ash, palo verde and redbud.
==Demographics==
===2010===
The 2010 United States Census reported that Barstow had a population of 22,639. The population density was 546.9 people per square mile (211.2/km²). The racial makeup of Barstow was 11,840 (52.3%) White (34.2% Non-Hispanic White), 3,313 (14.6%) African American, 477 (2.1%) Native American, 723 (3.2%) Asian, 278 (1.2%) Pacific Islander, 4,242 (18.7%) from other races, and 1,766 (7.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,700 persons (42.8%).
The Census reported that 22,271 people (98.4% of the population) lived in households, 195 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 173 (0.8%) were institutionalized.
There were 8,085 households, out of which 3,196 (39.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,182 (39.4%) were married couples living together, 1,619 (20.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 612 (7.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 701 (8.7%) unmarried partnerships, and 58 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,174 households (26.9%) were made up of individuals and 670 (8.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75. There were 5,413 families (67.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.34.
The population was spread out with 6,739 people (29.8%) under the age of 18, 2,481 people (11.0%) aged 18 to 24, 5,723 people (25.3%) aged 25 to 44, 5,277 people (23.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,419 people (10.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.1 years. For every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.
There were 9,555 housing units at an average density of 230.8 per square mile (89.1/km²), of which 3,964 (49.0%) were owner-occupied, and 4,121 (51.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 16.0%. 10,829 people (47.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 11,442 people (50.5%) lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Barstow had a median household income of $42,354, with 26.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
===2000===
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,119 people, 7,647 households, and 5,253 families residing in the city. The population density was 628.8 inhabitants per square mile (242.8/km2). There were 9,153 housing units at an average density of 272.5 per square mile (105.2/km2).
The racial makeup of the city was 57.1% White, 11.6% African American, 2.4% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 1.0% Pacific Islander, 18.4% from other races, and 6.5% from two or more races. 36.5% of the population were Hispanic, Latino or Latin American of any race.
There were 7,647 households out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.3.
In the city, the population was spread out with 30.8% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,069, and the median income for a family was $40,160. Males had a median income of $37,425 versus $25,380 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,132. About 15.6% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.8% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.
==Arts and culture==
thumb|right|Historic Casa del Desierto ("House of the Desert") in Barstow
Barstow has a series of murals along Main Street, depicting scenes from the city's history. These murals were created by Main Street Murals, a local non-profit organization.
Barstow Branch Library is located at 304 E. Buena Vista Street. It is a community venue, running various activities such as a summer reading program for children, story and craft sessions as well as a mystery book club.
===Entertainment===
Skyline Drive-In, a drive-in theater located in the north-east outskirts of the city at 31175 Old Highway 58, is one of the last operating in San Bernardino County. It has two screens; each screen shows two movies every night.
Hollywood Theatre Barstow Cinema 6 is the city's indoor cinema. It has six screens and can be found at 1503 East Main Street, in the east side of the city. As of September 30, 2011, Skyline Drive-In took over Hollywood Theatre, changing its name back to Barstow Station Cinema.
Barstow Community College has a $22 million Performing Arts Center which hosts college theatre and music performances, and traveling professional performances.
===Museums===
Barstow has a number of museums: Mojave River Valley Museum, Route 66 Mother Road Museum, the Western America Rail Museum, and the Desert Discovery Center. Once a year a family opens their Black History collection to the public and nearby Fort Irwin is home to the 11 Cavalry and ACR Museum. The Old Woman meteorite, the largest meteorite found in California and the second largest in the United States, is housed in the Desert Discovery Center.
The Casa Del Desierto, built in 1911 as a Harvey House hotel and train station, now houses the Route 66 Mother Road Museum, the Western America Railroad Museum and still functions as an (unstaffed) Amtrak station. The Barstow Chamber of Commerce sponsors an annual sandcastle contest in the dry riverbed across from the Harvey House.
===Restaurants===
Opened in 1975 and operating 365 days a year, Barstow Station serves 20,000 tour buses a year and is a popular stop for travelers on Interstate 15. The site includes a number of gift shops, an ice cream parlour, a Panda Express, Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, KHWY radio station and a Greyhound ticket terminal. In November 2013, Dunkin' Donuts opened inside Barstow Station, becoming only the second location of that chain within the entire state of California (following a shop on Camp Pendleton) and the first to be accessible to the general public.
The McDonald's restaurant at Barstow Station consists of three side-by-side railroad cars—a reference to Barstow's railroad heritage. In September 1986, the restaurant was destroyed by fire when a customer's car burst into flames at the drive-up window. In June 1997, the re-built restaurant received national attention when a gunman opened fire during a botched robbery, injuring several people and killing a nine-year-old girl. The gunman was mortally wounded by an off-duty police officer after the ensuing gun battle and later died in hospital.
Other casual dining options include: In-N-Out Burger, Starbucks, IHOP, Denny's and Jack in the Box. The oldest still operating franchise of Del Taco restaurant can be found at 401 N. First Street. Other privately owned restaurants provide Italian, American and Mexican cuisine.
===Shopping===
Located southwest of the town is the upscale Tanger Center Barstow, of Tanger Factory Outlet Centers chain, which is a popular stop for tourists traveling between Greater Los Angeles and Las Vegas. An older shopping center of outlet stores, the Barstow Factory Outlet, is located opposite the Tanger Outlet Center.
The town has an enclosed shopping mall, Barstow Mall, built in the 1970s. It was renovated in 2010 and is attracting new tenants, including the County of San Bernardino's new social service office for the Transition Assistance Department and Children and Family Services.
Barstow also has branches of Walmart, Vons, Stater Bros., 99 Cents Only Stores, The Home Depot, and Ace Hardware.
===Near Barstow===
The United States Armed Forces's National Training Center (NTC) and NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex are located at the nearby Fort Irwin, north of Barstow. The Goldstone Complex includes the Pioneer Deep Space Station, which has been designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark.
Calico Ghost Town is one of the few remaining original mining towns of the western United States, now preserved as a museum by Walter Knott.
Rainbow Basin is an Area of Critical Environmental Concern due to landscape features and paleontological resources in the area. Located north of Barstow, its diverse landscape, multi-colored rock formations and scenic canyons are popular with photographers, hikers and campers keen to experience the area's natural beauty. The fossiliferous Barstow Formation (Miocene) is well exposed there. Rainbow Basin is managed by the Bureau of Land Management's Barstow Field Office.
Coyote Dry Lake is a dry lake located northeast of Barstow.
Lava tubes offer spelunking opportunities.
The Solar Project is located in Daggett, CA, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Barstow.
==Sports==
Barstow is home to the Barstow Riffians, a developmental semi-professional football team. The Barstow Riffians are members of the UFAL.
The city offers adult basketball and softball leagues.
Barstow Community College's athletics department offers four competitive intercollegiate sports programs: Men's and Women's Basketball, Men's and Women's Baseball and Softball.
==Parks and recreation==
Barstow has two main parks: the Barstow Skate Park, a 12,000 square-foot skate park, and the Robert A. Sessions Memorial Sportspark, which includes six lighted ball fields, three soccer fields, volleyball courts, batting cages as well as basketball courts. The Robert A. Sessions Memorial Sportspark also plays host to regional softball tournaments.
The city also has the Dana Park Community Center open on weekdays, the Cora Harper Fitness Center and Tennis Courts open Monday to Saturday, and the outdoor Eda Henderson Pool open Tuesdays to Sundays throughout the school summer holidays.
Founded in the 1970s by two local residents, the thriving Barstow Senior Center serves Barstow's seniors. In addition to daily, weekly and monthly activities, there is also an onsite thrift store and lunches are served every weekday. The center is funded via annual membership fees and sponsorship.
==Government==
===State and federal representation===
In the California State Legislature, Barstow is in , and in .
In the United States House of Representatives, Barstow is in .
===Municipal government===
According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $33.1 million in revenues, $37.2 million in expenditures, $149.8 million in total assets, $25.3 million in total liabilities, and $52.6 million in cash and investments.
The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:
City Department 	Director
City Manager 	Curt Mitchell
Assistant City Manager 	Cindy Prothro
Police Chief 	Albert S. Ramirez, Jr.
Fire Chief 	Jamie Williams
Director of Community Services 	Vacant
Economic Development and Planning Manager	Gaither Loewenstein
Director of Finance 	Mary Stapp
City Clerk 	JoAnne Cousino
The Barstow Youth Advisory Council (BYAC) was established in March 2009. Thirteen teen advocates advise Barstow City Council members on the needs of young people in the city and promote youth community involvement through voluntary activities.
==Economy==
Its long distance from major cities and urban centers has created economic problems, and Barstow is seeking projects to boost the economy. However, there are three casinos planned for the area. Numerous construction projects have been announced for Barstow, including a Wal-Mart distribution center, retail growth, and an increase in lodging accommodation.
===Top employers===
According to the City, the top employers in the area in 2014 were:
# 	Employer 	# of Employees
1 	Ft. Irwin National Training Center 	22,700
2 	Marine Corps Logistics Base 	2,071
3 	BNSF Railroad 	1,000
4 	Barstow Unified School District 	643
5 	Tanger Outlet Stores 	600
6 	Raytheon Tech Services 	501
7 	Northrop Grumman 	469
8 	San Bernardino County 	410
9 	Barstow Community College 	396
10	High Desert Support Services 	330
11	Silver Valley Unified School District	306
12	Barstow Community Hospital 	300
13	Veterans Home of California – Barstow	217
14	Wal-Mart 	190
15	City of Barstow 	164
==Education==
Barstow Unified School District has 8 elementary schools (grades 1–6):
* Cameron Elementary School
* Crestline Elementary School
* Henderson Elementary School
* Hinkley Elementary School (Hinkley, California. Now Closed)
* Lenwood Elementary School
* Montara Elementary School
* Skyline North Elementary School
* Thomson Elementary School (Now Barstow Stem Academy)
Grades 7–8 are taught at Barstow Junior High School and grades 9–12 are taught at Barstow High School.
Barstow Community College is the only college in the area, and its primary objectives are to enable students to transfer to a four-year college or university and learn vocational trades through Career Technical Education.
Park University has a campus located at the Marine Corps Logistics Base, which accepts local civilian students as well as military personnel and their dependents. Park also offers classes on the community college campus.
==Media==
===Newspaper, books, and radio===
Founded in 1910 and renamed in 1958, the Desert Dispatch is Barstow's local newspaper. The newspaper has a daily circulation of 3,259 and was awarded second place for Sports Page Design, Opinion Page Design and Editorial Comment at the 2008 Better Newspapers Contest, hosted by the California Newspaper Publishers Association.
Barstow's main radio station is KDUC (or "K-DUCK"), which plays adult contemporary music and also serves Victorville, Apple Valley, Hesperia and Ridgecrest, California.
"We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold" is the opening sentence of Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.
===Movies and television===
Barstow City Council has a dedicated film office, which acts as a point of liaison and resources for film locations, equipment and accommodation for filmmakers and their crews. A number of notable motion pictures were shot in the city, including Broken Arrow, Courage Under Fire, From Dusk till Dawn, Gattaca, Erin Brockovich, and Kill Bill: Volume 2. Other notable mentions of Barstow include the 2008 movie Leaving Barstow, which tells the story of a high school senior who must choose between his ambitions to leave Barstow or stay in the city to care for his mother. The fictional Brian O'Conner in 2 Fast 2 Furious grew up in Barstow and travels to the city to persuade a former childhood best friend Roman Pearce to join him in an FBI operation.
The film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas mentions Barstow frequently.
Barstow is also mentioned in 2009 movie The Hangover before the road trip from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. The movie version of "Hair" was partially filmed in Barstow in the late 1970s.
In 2015, Barstow was one of the filming locations for the film Sky as well as Bombay Beach, Hinkley, Joshua Tree, Landers, Lenwood, Ludlow, Newberry Springs, and Victorville, California.
===Music===
Barstow is mentioned in the lyrics of Route 66 composed by Bobby Troup. Sheryl Crow's "Leaving Las Vegas" mentions spending the night in Barstow.
Composer Harry Partch wrote Barstow, inspired by eight pieces of graffiti written by hitchhikers on highway railings in the city.
The Residents' song "Death in Barstow" tells the story of two friends who visit and fall asleep in Barstow. One of the friends awakes to find that his friend has died.
==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Barstow Area Transit (BAT) is the local transportation system. It covers the city of Barstow and the surrounding areas in San Bernardino County. BAT operates three fixed city bus routes on an hourly schedule, a dial-a-ride service for seniors and persons with disabilities and two county routes serving Hinkley, Yermo, Daggett, and Newberry Springs. The county services operate on a fixed route with a deviation zone and a flexible time schedule. When requested in advance, the county bus travels off the fixed route to pick up or drop off passengers within the deviation zone. Unless passengers hold a monthly or day pass, there is an additional charge for this service. All city and county buses connect at Barstow City Hall Transport Center. Intercity buses that serve Barstow include Greyhound, Orange Belt Stages, Intercalifornias, TUFESA, and Fronteras del Norte.Greyhound Schedule Table 556 
The Harvey House Railroad Depot is served twice daily by Amtrak's Southwest Chief, from Chicago to Los Angeles and reverse. Connections can also be made on multiple Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach bus services to Las Vegas and other destinations. Rail freight is provided by the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad.
Barstow-Daggett Airport is the local airport that serves general aviation but has no commercial service.
Roads are the main method of transport. The primary arteries serving Barstow are Interstate 40, Interstate 15, and California State Route 58.
===Healthcare===
Barstow Community Hospital is a 56-bed hospital serving the surrounding High Desert community. Opened in 1958, the hospital was named one of the "100 Top Hospitals in the Nation" for two consecutive years in the late 1990s.
===Public safety===
Barstow has its own police department, plus a regional station of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department, which serves the unincorporated areas around the city, including Newberry Springs, Trona, Baker and Ludlow.
Fire prevention and paramedic services are provided by the Barstow Fire Protection District.
On November 19, 2010 Barstow residents were warned that the area water system was contaminated. A local area military base, Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow notified Golden State Water that samples taken from their water system showed the chemical perchlorate at levels above the maximum contaminant level of 6 parts per billion. Perchlorate is found in rocket propellant, fireworks, explosives, flares, matches and industrial byproducts. Golden State Water Co. handed out free bottled water to residents. The "Do Not Drink" water advisory ended five days later on November 24, 2010.
===Cemetery===
The Mountain View Memorial Park (also called Mt. View Cemetery), located on Irwin Road, was established in 1937; an Independent Special District for the cemetery was created in 1947.2009–2010 San Bernardino County Grand Jury Report p. 51 Notable burials include MLB pitcher Bob Rhoads.
==Notable people==
* Rick Steves, author and television personality focusing on European travel
* Nick Barnett, NFL player for Green Bay Packers and Washington Redskins
* Raquel Beezley, Miss California USA 2008
* Jeanne Crain, Academy Award-nominated film actress
* Dino Ebel, Major League Baseball coach
* Jeremy Gable, playwright
* T. J. Houshmandzadeh, football player for Cincinnati Bengals and Seattle Seahawks
* Mark Johnson, golfer
* Byron Katie, author, speaker
* Joe A. Martinez, ring and cage announcer
* Michael Pelkey, founder of BASE Jumping
* Scott Reeder, drummer, Fu Manchu
* Stan Ridgway, musician, founder of Wall of Voodoo
* Ross Robinson, music producer
* Gloria J. Romero, majority leader, California State Senate
* Paul Salopek, journalist
* Aaron Sanchez, MLB pitcher for Toronto Blue Jays, born in Barstow
==See also==
* Mojave Desert
* Mojave National Preserve
* Death Valley National Park
* Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
* Solar One
* Calico Ghost Town
* Lake Dolores Waterpark
* Route 66
* Interstate 15
* Interstate 40
* Harry Partch, Barstow: Eight Hitchhikers' Inscriptions
==References==
==External links==
* 
 
Category:Cities in the Mojave Desert
Category:Cities in San Bernardino County, California
Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California
Category:Populated places established in 1947
Category:1947 establishments in California
Category:Railway towns in California