Rum

The Sultanate of Rum is a state occupying about half of Anatolia, from Season 1 of Brazilian Mapping's Alternate History of Europe series.
=== Formation ===
The sultanate was formed in the 1447 Treaty of Constantinople which followed the Mamluk-Karamanid intervention in the Crusade of Varna. With the defeat of the Ottomans, more than half of Anatolia came under the control of the Beylik of Karaman, which hence renamed itself the Sultanate of Rum.
=== An Unlikely Friendship ===
The Mamluks continued to expand their realm as the years passed, and in 1470, Rum approached Byzantium for an alliance against the threat, which the latter agreed to consider. Both Rum and Byzantium became more apprehensive in 1473, when the Mamluks defeated Qara Qoyunlu and hence took over Mesopotamia. In 1474, when Poland declared war on the dying Golden Horde, and the Mamluks declared themselves to now be a caliphate, Byzantium had seen enough. They immediately accepted the alliance with Rum, and the two invaded Cyprus before the Mamluks could, dividing the island between them.
=== The Fall ===
After four decades of tense anticipation, the Mamluks began their surprise invasion of the Byzantines on November 8th, 1509. Rum immediately took their side, prompting the Mamluks to call in their alliance, the Maghrebi League. That, in turn, prompted a response from Castile, Portugalicia, Aragon, and the Italian League, and thus the Great Mediterranean War began.
Rum managed to capture the port of Milas in the west of Anatolia, while the Mamluks advanced from the east and reached the city of Karaman on July 30th, 1510, forcing the government of Rum to flee to nearby Konya. The Mamluks created a vassal state under the name "Beylik of Karaman", which was Rum's previous title. By February 1511, even Konya was besieged by the Mamluks, and Rum was becoming increasingly unstable, as April saw the outbreak of a rebellion... by the Ottomans. Establishing a base in Eskisehir, they spread out and took over Bursa and Nicaea, as the Mamluks made advancements all over Anatolia. On July 8th, 1511, the Ottomans relocated to Bursa to establish the Second Ottoman Sultanate, and when the Mamluks finally entered Konya a few days later, Rum surrendered. The Mamluks would soon push the Byzantines out of Anatolia, while also defeating the Ottomans.
=== The Return ===
As January 1516 began, the Mamluks had been pushed out of the Balkans, and the Byzantines had followed them back to Anatolia. The end of the month saw uprisings in three cities. In Konya and Ankara, Rum had returned to end the Mamluk threat, and in conjunction, another Ottoman uprising in Eskisehir. Byzantium, Rum, and the Ottomans joined forces, spreading through western Anatolia. Rum made for Karaman, and defeated the Mamluk vassal state. Then on March 20th, 1516, having taken over all of western Anatolia, the three allies merged into one entity, the Anatolian Empire.
Category:Varna Countries