Alex Garland

Alexander Medawar Garland (born 26 May 1970) is an English writer and filmmaker. He rose to prominence as a novelist in the late 1990s with his novel The Beach, which led some critics to call Garland a key voice of Generation X. He subsequently received praise for the screenplays of the films 28 Days Later (2002), Sunshine (2007), Never Let Me Go (2010), and Dredd (2012). He co-wrote the video games Enslaved: Odyssey to the West (2010) and Sky: Squid Killers (2024) and was a story supervisor on DmC: Devil May Cry (2013).
In 2014, Garland made his directorial debut with Ex Machina, a science fiction-thriller which explores the emergence of artificial general intelligence. The film earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay and won three BIFA awards for Best Screenplay, Best Director, and Best British Independent Film. His second film, 2018's Annihilation, based on the 2014 novel by Jeff VanderMeer, was also a critical success. In 2020, he wrote and directed the FX on Hulu miniseries Devs.
== Early life ==
Garland was born in London, England, the son of psychologist Caroline (née Medawar) and political cartoonist Nicholas Garland. He has a younger brother, Theodore, and two older paternal half-siblings, Tim and Emily. His maternal grandparents are Nobel Prize-winning British biologist Peter Medawar and writer Jean Medawar.
He was educated in a private, fee-paying school and later attended and graduated from the University of Manchester with a degree in History of Art.
== Career ==
=== Novels ===
In 1996, Garland's first novel, The Beach was published. Based upon Garland's travels across Europe and Thailand, it tells the story of a young English backpacker who discovers an unspoiled seashore occupied by a community of like-minded backpackers. The novel is noted for its references to drug culture, sequences of hallucinations and unique depictions of excess and utopia. The Beach was initially met with positive reviews, and with a spreading word of mouth response, the novel grew in popularity. Garland would later speak of the overwhelming discomfort with the fame The Beach had allowed him to achieve. "I never felt comfortable with it (the novel)." The Beach has been translated into 25 different languages and sold close to 700,000 copies by the start of 1999. It was developed into a film starring Leonardo DiCaprio.
Garland's The Tesseract (1998) is a non-linear narrative with several interwoven characters, set in Manila, Philippines. The novel is characterized by a post-modernist narrative style and structure. It explores several themes such as love and violence through each character's circumstance and context of surroundings as well as seemingly inconsequential actions and the repercussions of those actions on other characters. The Tesseract did not enjoy the critical or commercial success of The Beach, but it too has a film adaptation.
Throughout his career and work, Garland has expressed his love of travel (particularly backpacking) and his love of Manila, Philippines, much of which influenced his work.
=== Films ===
In 2002, Garland wrote the screenplay for Danny Boyle's film 28 Days Later, starring Cillian Murphy. He has said that the script was influenced by 1970s zombie films and English science fiction like The Day of the Triffids. Video games such as the Resident Evil series also served as an influence for 28 Days Later, with Garland crediting the first game for revitalizing the zombie genre. Inspiration for the "Rage" virus came from real-world infections such as Ebola and filoviruses. He won a Best Screenplay honor at the 2004 Fangoria Chainsaw Awards for his script of the film.
In 2005, Garland wrote a screenplay for a film adaptation of Halo. D. B. Weiss and Josh Olson rewrote this during 2006 for a 2008 release, although the film was later canceled. In 2007, he wrote the screenplay for the film Sunshine, which was his second screenplay to be directed by Danny Boyle and to star Cillian Murphy. Garland served as an executive producer on 28 Weeks Later, the sequel of 28 Days Later. He wrote the screenplay for the 2010 film Never Let Me Go, based on the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro. He also wrote the script for Dredd, an adaptation of the Judge Dredd comic book series from 2000 AD. In 2018, Karl Urban, who played the eponymous role in the film, stated that it was Garland who deserved credit for also directing Dredd.
Garland made his directorial debut with Ex Machina, a 2014 feature film based on his own story and screenplay, starring Domhnall Gleeson, Alicia Vikander and Oscar Isaac. The film won a Jury Prize at the 2015 Gerardmer Film Festival, and earned Garland a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
Garland's second film, Annihilation (2018), was based on Jeff VanderMeer's 2014 science fiction novel of the same name. Garland has described it as "an adaptation [that] was a memory of the book," rather than book-referenced screenwriting, to capture the "dream like nature" and tone of his reading experience. Production began in 2016, and the film was released in February 2018.
In January 2021, Garland was hired to direct his third film, Men, starring Jessie Buckley and Rory Kinnear. The film follows a young woman who goes on a solo vacation to the English countryside after the death of her ex-husband. Released in May 2022, it received generally positive reviews, though its narrative approach received some criticism. However, critic Jonathan Rosenbaum placed Men on his Best Films of 2022 list.
In April 2022, it was announced that Garland was reteaming with A24 for his fourth feature, Civil War, an action epic starring Kirsten Dunst, Wagner Moura, and previous collaborators Stephen McKinley Henderson and Cailee Spaeny. The film was released on 12 April 2024.
Garland will next reunite with Boyle to write 28 Years Later, the long-gestating sequel to 28 Days Later, which is intended to launch a new trilogy of zombie films. Murphy will serve as an executive producer. The film is set to be released by Sony.
In February 2024, it was revealed that Charles Melton was in talks to star in Garland's upcoming untitled war film with A24. This project marks the second collaboration between Garland and Ray Mendoza, who served as the military supervisor for Civil War. The pair wrote and will co-direct the film. The following month, Joseph Quinn, D'Pharaoh Woon-A-Tai, Kit Connor, Cosmo Jarvis, Will Poulter and Finn Bennett joined the ensemble cast, and the film was revealed to be titled Warfare. The same month, Garland stated that he would not direct any films in the "foreseeable future" after the release of Civil War and that his co-directorial work on Warfare was "more of a supporting character" to Mendoza's.
=== Television ===
Garland wrote, executive produced, and directed the eight-episode miniseries Devs, about the "mysterious ongoings at a tech company", for FX; the series was greenlit in August 2018, and premiered 5 March 2020 on FX on Hulu. It stars Ex Machina and Annihilation actress Sonoya Mizuno, alongside Nick Offerman, Jin Ha, Zach Grenier, Stephen McKinley Henderson, Cailee Spaeny, and Alison Pill. Spaeny, who did not audition for the role as Garland had wanted her specifically for it, stated that Devs was short for Development, and that the series would explore the idea of the multiverse.
=== Video games ===
Garland and Tameem Antoniades co-wrote the video game Enslaved: Odyssey to the West for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. They won a 2011 award from the Writer's Guild of Great Britain. Garland also served as a story supervisor on the game DmC: Devil May Cry in 2013. Garland also co-wrote the game Sky: Squid Killers in 2024.
== Personal life ==
Garland is married to actress Paloma Baeza and has two children, Eva and Milo.
== Bibliography ==
Year	Novel 	Notes
1996	The Beach 	Ranked 103 in BBC's 2003 The Big Read poll.
1998	The Tesseract	
2004	The Coma 	
== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
Year	Film 	Director 	Writer 	Producer 	Notes
2002	28 Days Later 	No 	Yes 	No 	
2007	Sunshine 	No 	Yes 	No 	
2007	28 Weeks Later 	No 	Uncredited rewrites	Executive	
2010	Never Let Me Go 	No 	Yes 	Executive	
2012	Dredd 	Uncredited	Yes 	Yes 	
2014	Big Game 	No 	No 	Executive	
2014	Ex Machina 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	Nominated- Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
Nominated- BAFTA Award for Best British Film
Nominated- BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay
Nominated- BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut by a British Filmmaker
Nominated- AACTA Award for Best Original Screenplay
2017	Grimage 3 	No 	Yes 	No 	
2018	Annihilation 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	
2021	Power 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	
2022	The SCP Foundation	No 	Yes 	No 	
2022	Men 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	
2022	Omnipotent 	No 	Yes 	No 	
2024	Yupia 	No 	Yes 	No 	
2024	Civil War 	Yes 	Yes 	No 	
=== Television ===
Year 	Title 	Director	Writer	Executive
Producer	Notes
2019-present	The Bounty Hunter	No 	Yes 	Yes	Also creator
2020 	Devs 	Yes 	Yes 	Yes	Also creator
2021 	Ondskap 	No 	Yes 	Yes	Head writer
== Video games ==
Year	Game 	Notes
2010	Enslaved: Odyssey to the West	Co-writer
2013	DmC: Devil May Cry 	Story-Supervisor
2024	Sky: Squid Killers 	Co-writer
Category:1970 births
Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester
Category:20th-century English novelists
Category:21st-century English novelists
Category:English screenwriters
Category:English male screenwriters
Category:Living people
Category:People educated at University College School
Category:Postmodern writers
Category:Film directors for London
Category:Science fiction film directors
Category:English people of Lebanese descent
Category:Video game writers
Category:English male novelists
Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners
Category:20th-century English male writers
Category:21st-century British male writers
Category:SkythekidMC's ideas