Eltham Palace

Eltham Palace is a large house at Eltham ( ) in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The house consists of the medieval great hall of a former royal residence, to which an Art Deco extension was added in the 1930s. The hammerbeam roof of the great hall is the third-largest of its type in England, and the Art Deco interior of the house has been described as a "masterpiece of modern design". The house is owned by the Crown Estate and managed by English Heritage, which took over responsibility for the great hall in 1984 and the rest of the site in 1995.
==History==
===1300–1930===
The original palace was given to Edward II in 1305 by the Bishop of Durham, Anthony Bek, and used as a royal residence from the 14th to the 16th century. According to one account, the incident which inspired Edward III's foundation of the Order of the Garter took place here. As the favourite palace of Henry IV, it played host to Manuel II Palaiologos, the only Byzantine emperor ever to visit England, from December 1400 to mid-February 1401, with a joust being given in his honour.Brian Cathcart An emperor in Eltham New Statesman 25 September 2006. The Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Baldwin II, visited the court of Henry III on two occasions, in 1238 and 1247, in search of assistance against the Byzantine successor state of Nicaea. Cf. Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. H.R. Luard, London: 1872–1883, 7 vols. (Rolls series, 57): vol. 3, 480–481; vol. 4, 625–626. There is still a jousting tilt yard. The 1401 Eltham tournament was described or commemorated in literary form as thirteen letters, in old French, addressed to Henry's daughter Blanche of England. Each letter, purportedly written by a legendary patron, praises one of the combatants. Two of them, William Bardolf and John Clinton, are identified by their heraldry. The letters were probably read aloud during the event.Sarah Carpenter, 'Chivalric Entertainment at the Court of Henry IV: The Jousting Letters of 1401', Medieval English Theatre, 43 (D. S. Brewer, 2022), pp. 39-107.
Edward IV built the Great Hall in the 1470s, and the future Henry VIII grew up here; it was here in 1499 that he met and impressed the scholar Erasmus, introduced to him by Thomas More. Erasmus described the occasion:Collected Works of Erasmus, Toronto University Press, volume 9, letter 1341A. The reference can be found also in R. W. Chambers, Thomas More, 1935, edn 1976, p. 70; E. E. Reynolds, Thomas More & Erasmus, 1965, p. 25, and The Field is Won, The Life and Death of St Thomas More, 1968, p. 35.
Tudor courts often used the palace for their Christmas celebrations. With the grand rebuilding of Greenwich Palace, which was more easily reached by river,"Through the benefite of the river, a seate of more commoditie", observed Lambarde, in his Perambulation of Kent 1573, noted by Walter Thornbury and Edward Walford, Old and New London: A Narrative of Its History, Its People and Its Places 1893:238. Eltham was less frequented, save for the hunting in its enclosed parks, easily reached from Greenwich, "as well enjoyed, the Court lying at Greenwiche, as if it were at this house it self". The deer remained plentiful in the Great Park, of , the Little, or Middle Park, of , and the Home Park, or Lee Park, of .Thornbury and Walford 1893:239.
The courtier Roger Aston was keeper of the little park at Eltham in 1610 and built four bridges for the convenience of James VI and I.Frederick Devon, Issues of the Exchequer (London, 1836), pp. 106-7. In the 1630s, by which time the palace was no longer used by the royal family, Sir Anthony van Dyck was given the use of a suite of rooms as a country retreat. During the English Civil War, the parks were denuded of trees and deer. John Evelyn saw it 22 April 1656: "Went to see his Majesty's house at Eltham; both the palace and chapel in miserable ruins, the noble wood and park destroyed by Rich the rebel". The palace never recovered. Eltham was bestowed by Charles II on John Shaw and in its ruinous condition— reduced to Edward IV's Great Hall, the former buttery, called "Court House", a bridge across the moat and some walling—remained with Shaw's descendants as late as 1893.
The current house was built in the 1930s on the site of the original, and incorporates its Great Hall, which boasts the third-largest hammerbeam roof in England. Fragments of the walls of other buildings remain visible around the gardens, and the 15th-century bridge still crosses the moat.
Eltham Palace Panorama.jpg|The south side of the palace, with the medieval great hall on the left
Joseph Mallord William Turner - Interior of St. John's Palace, Eltham - Google Art Project.jpg|JMW Turner's painting of the great hall 1793
Eltham Palace, April 2018 (4).jpg|The great hall in 2018
===1930–present===
In 1933, Stephen Courtauld and his wife Virginia "Ginie" Courtauld (née Peirano) acquired a 99-year lease on the palace site and commissioned Seely & Paget to restore the hall and create a modern home attached to it. Seely and Paget added a minstrel's gallery and a timber screen to the hall, while creating a design for the main house inspired by Christopher Wren's work at Hampton Court Palace and Trinity College, Cambridge.
The home was decorated internally in the Art Deco style. The entrance hall was created by Swedish designer Rolf Engströmer; light floods in from a glazed dome, highlighting blackbean veneer and figurative marquetry. Other rooms in the house, including the dining room, drawing room and Virginia Courtauld's circular bedroom and adjoining bathroom, were the work of the Italian designer Piero Malacrida de Saint-August, while Seely and Paget designed many of the bedrooms. Keen gardeners, the Courtaulds also substantially modified and improved the grounds and gardens.
Eltham Palace - interior, composite view of entrance hall.jpg|The Art Deco entrance hall
Eltham Palace - interior, view of Virginia Courtauld’s bedroom.jpg|Virginia Courtauld's bedroom
Eltham Palace - interior, view of library.jpg|The library
Eltham Palace - interior, view of dining room.jpg|The dining room
Eltham Palace - interior, view of drawing room.jpg|The drawing room
Stephen was a younger brother of Samuel Courtauld, an industrialist, art collector and founder of the Courtauld Institute of Art. His study in the new house features a statuette version of The Sentry, copied from a Manchester war memorial, by Charles Sargeant Jagger, who was - like Stephen - a member of the Artists' Rifles during the First World War.
The Courtaulds' pet lemur, Mah-Jongg, had a special room on the upper floor of the house which had a hatch to the downstairs flower room; he had the run of the house. The Courtaulds remained at Eltham until 1944. During the earlier part of the war, Stephen Courtauld was a member of the local Civil Defence Service. In September 1940 he was on duty on the Great Hall roof as a fire watcher when it was badly damaged by German incendiary bombs. In 1944, the Courtauld family moved to Scotland then to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), giving the palace to the Royal Army Educational Corps in March 1945; the corps then moved all its administration to Eltham Palace in 1948. Following the formation of the Educational and Training Services Branch of the new Adjutant General's Corps, staff moved to Worthy Down Camp in Hampshire in 1992.
In 1995, English Heritage assumed management of the palace, and in 1999, completed major repairs and restorations of the interiors and gardens.
File:Eltham Palace moat.jpg|Moat
File:Eltham Palace garden.jpg|Garden
File:South Bridge Eltham Palace 01.JPG|South Bridge
==Filming==
Many films, television programmes and music videos have been filmed at Eltham Palace, including:
*High Heels and Low Lifes (2001)
*The Gathering Storm (2002)
*Bright Young Things (2003)
*I Capture the Castle (2003)
*Death on the Nile, (2004), episode of Poirot TV series
*Revolver (2005)
*Brideshead Revisited (2008)
*Parachute (2010), music video
*Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2011)
*The Crown (2017)
*Stan & Ollie (2018)
*Misbehaviour (2020)
==Haunting==
Eltham Palace is listed on English Heritage's list of "most haunted places." The ghost of a former staff member is said to have given tours of the palace when the palace should have been empty.
==References==
==External links==
*English Heritage - History and visitor information
*
*Technology and luxury in an Art Deco masterpiece on Google Arts & Culture
*Flickr images tagged Eltham Palace
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1305
Category:Houses completed in the 14th century
Category:Art Deco architecture in London
Category:Country houses in London
Category:Courtauld family
Category:English Heritage sites in London
Category:Former palaces in England
Category:Gardens in London
Category:History of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Houses completed in 1935
Category:Houses in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Grade I listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Grade II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Grade I listed houses in London
Category:Grade I listed palaces
Category:Grade I listed museum buildings
Category:Historic house museums in London
Category:Museums in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Palaces in London
Category:Reportedly haunted locations in London
Category:Royal residences in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Category:Tudor architecture
Category:Tudor royal palaces in England
Category:Buildings and structures in Eltham