Gil-galad

Ereinion Gil-galad, born Artanáro, was a Ñoldorin Elf and son to Orodreth.Even though Gil-galad was mentioned in as the son of Fingon, Christopher Tolkien stated after its publication that this was a mistake, and that Gil-galad was actually Orodreth's son. He was the last High King of the Ñoldor in Middle-earth, and bore many titles, including High King of the Elves of the West, King of the Eldar, King of Lindon, Lord of the High Elves, and the Lord of Eriador.
Gil-galad held the highest authority among the Elves he ruled and was respected by both the Ñoldor and the Sindar, considered a "High King" of Elves in Middle-earth. He formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with King Elendil, and led the Elves to war against Sauron. His death in this war marked the end of the Ñoldorin Kingdoms in Middle-earth, although some Ñoldor would remain in Imladris or the Grey Havens throughout the Third Age.
== Biography ==
=== First Age ===
Gil-galad was born in YT 1481 in Eldamar as the son of Orodreth and grandson of Angrod and Eðellos, thus tying him into the House of Finarfin. He was still relatively young during the times of the Exile of the Ñoldor and such battles as Dagor Bragollach and Nírnaeth Arnoediad. His father ruled Minas Tirith on Tol Sirion, but shortly before its fall by the forces of Sauron, Orodreth send his wife and son to the Havens of the Falas into Círdan the Shipwright's care. Gil-galad lived there until Morgoth destroyed the Havens after the Battle of Unnumbered Tears, and Gil-galad and Círdan escaped to the Isle of Balar with the rest of the Falathrim.
After the death of Turgon during the Fall of Gondolin, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Ñoldor., Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XXIV: "Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath" When the Sons of Fëanor committed the Third Kinslaying, Gil-galad received word of the sacking of the Havens of Sirion, but he and his host arrived too late to stop the Fëanorians, who fled after the battle was over. However the survivors of Sirion joined with Gil-galad and went with him to Balar, where they told him of Elrond and Elros' captivity. After the War of Wrath, the remaining Sons of Fëanor vanished out of history. Maedhros committed suicide while Maglor disappeared without a trace, leaving Elrond and Elros alone. Therefore at some point Gil-galad welcomed Elrond into his ranks as his herald, after the latter chose to be one of Elf-kind. 
=== Second Age ===
In year 1 of the Second Age, Gil-galad remained in Middle-earth and established a realm in Lindon, which was geographically strong and secure against enemies. At its height, his realm extended eastward as far as the Misty Mountains and the western parts of Greenwood the Great, though most of the Eldar remained in Lindon and in Elrond's refuge of Rivendell.
Gil-galad had an alliance with the Men of Westernesse, especially with Tar-Aldarion (the Mariner), the Faithful and Elendil. Gil-galad reigned as High King of the Ñoldor throughout the Second Age. During this time Gil-galad was given the seeds of mellyrn, or Mallorn, trees by Tar-Aldarion, King of Númenor. But the seeds wouldn't grow in his land so he gave them to Galadriel before she left Lindon. She carried these seeds for a long time, finally planting them in Lindórinand. When they grew there it was renamed Laurelindórenan, Lórien of Blossom. At some point, Gil-galad and Elrond were approached by a stranger called Annatar, who called himself the Lord of Gifts. Fair seeming were his words and offerings, but Gil-galad perceived that this Annatar was not what he seemed. Therefore he refused to have dealings with him, and sent word abroad to all the Elves that they should shun this stranger.
However Annatar was received in Eregion, where he taught the Elves how to make the Rings of Power. But Gil-galad's distrust was proven correct, as Annatar was Sauron in disguise, and the rings were tools for his wicked plans to dominate Middle-earth. Later on, Gil-galad was entrusted by Celebrimbor with the Elven Rings Vilya (Ring of Air) and Narya (Ring of Fire), two of the Three Rings, which he passed on to his herald Elrond and his lieutenant Círdan prior to his demise in the War of the Last Alliance., Akallabêth (The Downfall of Númenor)
Sauron invaded Eriador in great force in the War of the Elves and Sauron, destroying Eregion and laying siege to the Grey Havens. But Gil-galad was aided by the Númenóreans, then ruled by Tar-Minastir, who sent a great fleet which defeated the Dark Lord's forces. Sauron, who barely escaped with a bodyguard, returned to Mordor, where he laid low, gathering his strength, plotting vengeance against the Dúnedain. Over a thousand years later Sauron was again confronted by the Númenóreans and brought back as a prisoner to their homeland, leaving Gil-galad free to rule Middle-earth in peace. In Sauron's absence, Gil-galad's power grew to the point where Sauron was dismayed when he returned from the ruin of Númenor. Yet the survivors of Númenor, known as the The Faithful, arrived in Middle-earth and established the Realms in Exile, with Gil-galad befriending the High King Elendil and building for him the three towers on the Tower Hills. A century later when Sauron attacked Gondor, Elendil and Gil-galad took counsel as to how they should deal with him. At length they decided to gather all of their hosts and attack Sauron before he could recover his strength, forming the Last Alliance of Elves and Men.
The two kings spent several years training and assembling their forces before meeting at Amon Sûl. Crossing the Misty Mountains they were joined by Oropher of the Greenwood, Amdír of Lórien and Durin IV of Khazad-dûm. Gil-galad's famed weapon was a spear named Aeglos - which meant "Icicle"; none could withstand it. Joining up with the army of Gondor led by Anárion, the Army of the Last Alliance confronted Sauron's forces in the Battle of Dagorlad, a long and bloody battle which ultimately resulted in victory for the Alliance. The Elves and Men then passed through into Mordor and laid siege to Barad-dûr for seven years. Eventually Sauron emerged and Gil-galad and Elendil then duelled the Dark Lord. During their struggle, Gil-galad and Elendil inflicted enough mortal wounds on the Dark Lord to destroy his body, though they received terrible wounds in return. This sacrifice allowed Isildur to sever the Ring from the Dark Lord's hand. But Gil-galad received severe burns from "the heat of Sauron's hand", and so he passed on to the Halls of Mandos. He was not known to have a wife, nor any children, so the kingship of the Ñoldor ended in Middle-earth and Círdan was from then on the Lord of the Grey Havens and Lindon., Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, 
Gil-galad was an Elven-king.
Of him the harpers sadly sing;
the last whose realm was fair and free
between the Mountains and the Sea.
His sword was long, his lance was keen.
His shining helm afar was seen;
the countless stars of heaven's field
were mirrored in his silver shield.
But long ago he rode away,
and where he dwelleth none can say;
for into darkness fell his star
in Mordor where the shadows are.
:― From The Fall of Gil-galad, as translated by Bilbo Baggins, , Book One, Chapter XI: "A Knife in the Dark"The poem apparently goes on longer, but the remainder was mainly about Mordor, and was therefore not recited because Sam didn't think he'd be going there himself.
== Etymology ==
Gil-galad was Sindarin for "Star of Radiance",, Index of Names from gil ("star") and galad ("light, radiance").Parma Eldalamberon 17, Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien
His name in Quenya was Artanáro, which means "High Flame". In Sindarin, Artanáro translates to Rodnor.
It was first conceived that Gil-galad's birth name was Ereinion instead of his epessë. Ereinion means "Son of Kings", from erain ("kings") and ion ("son").The History of Middle-earth, Vol. V: , Part Three: "The Etymologies"
== Parentage ==
Gil-galad's parentage had many versions in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium:
*Gil-galad was originally, and briefly, conceived as a descendant of Fëanor., Vol. V: , II: The second version of "The Fall of Númenor", Vol. VI: , XII: "At Rivendell"
*In both and , he was the son of Fingon., Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XVIII: "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
*In some notes in , it is stated that he had briefly been the son of Finrod Felagund. It was said that Felagund sent his wife and son away to the Falas for their safety. In this version, Galadriel was Gil-galad's sister and daughter of Felagund. However, Tolkien ultimately decided that Felagund was unmarried and childless.
*In another, Angrod had a son Artaresto (later called Orodreth) whom Finrod made his steward and succeeded in Nargothrond. His wife was a Sindarin lady of the North, and had two children, Finduilas and Gil-galad, whom she called Rodnor.
*In the last, the name Artaresto was replaced by Arothir (Orodreth), which was the name of the nephew of Finrod and father of Gil-galad. Finduilas remained as Orodreth's daughter and became sister of Gil-galad.
A marginal note by Tolkien from around this time (the late 1950s) suggested that Gil-galad might have been the son of Fingon. This suggestion was taken up by Tolkien's son and literary executor Christopher Tolkien in the published version of The Silmarillion, which states that Gil-galad is the son of Fingon. After the Dagor Bragollach and the ruin of Beleriand which resulted in the death of his grandfather Fingolfin, then High King of the Ñoldor, Fingon becomes the High King and sends a young Gil-galad to the Havens of the Falas under Círdan. This idea of Gil-galad being sent to the Havens was derived from material which the elder Tolkien had written at the time when he saw Gil-galad as the son of Finrod.
After the disaster of the Nírnaeth Arnoediad, the title passes to Fingon's brother Turgon. Morgoth assaults the Falathrim in great force after that battle but Círdan and Gil-galad manage to flee in their ships to the Isle of Balar. When tidings come to Balar about the sack of Gondolin and the death of Turgon, Gil-galad becomes the King. Gil-galad's name in the chapter "Aldarion and Erendis" in Unfinished Tales was also changed by the younger Tolkien in order to keep consistency with the published version of The Silmarillion. — in the original version of that work he was noted as being "Finellach Gil-galad of the House of Finarfin". Christopher later stated in that this decision to make Gil-galad a son of Fingon was an editorial mistake on his part, and did not represent his father's conception of the character. He suggested that it would have been better to have left Gil-galad's parentage obscure.
Tolkien's final decision for Gil-galad's parentage appears to have been that he was a son of Orodreth, who was at the same time changed from being a son of Finarfin to a son of Angrod. This conception, however, was never incorporated into the written stories of The Silmarillion, and aspects of it — notably the downgrading of Orodreth into a son of Angrod — would have required considerable reworking of the existing text. In the official text of The Silmarillion, Gil-galad receives the kingship as he is the son of Fingon, who in turn is the son of Fingolfin.
== In adaptations ==
=== In The Lord of the Rings film trilogy ===
In the prologue sequence of Peter Jackson's , Gil-galad's death scene was deleted; however, he appears briefly fighting multiple Orcs with his spear before Sauron appears at the battlefield. He also appears briefly as one of the original three Elven ring-bearers (along with Galadriel and Círdan), wearing Vilya.
==== Non-canonical weapons ====
===== Armor =====
Gil-galad's armor was similar in composition to that of all Elves of the Second Age (as seen in the prologue to the first film): a cuirass and fault of interlocking lames of steel plate over a hauberk of fine mail, together with pauldrons and braces. However, befitting his status as High-king, his armor was blued and etched with vine like tracery, and the plates were embossed with Tengwar symbols and included leather pants, which gave greater protection. At the throat, he wore a steel collar that bore his heraldic insignia, twelve stars on a midnight blue field. The color blue may have reflected an association with the sea; in any case, it was certainly a dye that was rare on Middle-earth, and it would have required a great deal of time and knowledge to locate enough flora or fauna with which to make it. His cloak was of a deep blue and his armor was golden, and instead of a helmet, he wore a golden crown, fashioned for him by Celebrimbor, who made the Rings of Power.
===== Shield =====
The shield of the High-king was the same shape as the common Elven shield, but like his armor it was more richly adorned: it was enameled in blue on and around the center jewel and decorated in gold with the twelve stars of his house. Because Aeglos, his great spear, was wielded two-handed, it is likely that the shield was carried only to the field of battle rather onto it, to be left with one of Gil-galad's attendants. It may have been used by him when he fought with a sword.
=== In The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power ===
In Amazon Studios' series , Gil-galad is a significant character, portrayed by Benjamin Walker.
At the series outset, Gil-galad is High King of the Elves, ruling from the realm of Lindon. He authorizes Galadriel to lead an expedition into Forodwaith to search for evidence of Sauron's survival, though he places limits on the mission, which Galadriel's followers compel her not to exceed. At her return, he chooses to overlook her perceived insolence in attempting to defy his orders, and honors the company for their heroism with a ceremony, reciting a speech written by his herald, Elrond. As a reward, Gil-galad gives them the opportunity to return across the Sundering Seas to Valinor.
Elrond afterwards questions Gil-galad about his motives, to which Gil-galad expresses the belief that Sauron does indeed remain, but attempting to search him out could cause the Dark Lord to become an even greater threat. However, Gil-galad encourages Elrond to focus on other pursuits, and gives him a new charge to accompany the Elven-smith Celebrimbor back to Eregion and assist him in his quest to create a highly important new work. 
What Gil-galad does not tell Elrond, however, is that he and Celebrimbor have discovered that a corruption is at work among the Elves, manifesting in black veins growing on Lindon's trees. The solution, they believe, is to acquire vast amounts of the newly discovered mithril, which is conjectured to have restorative properties from the remnant of Silmaril light it supposedly contains. In an attempt to build goodwill with the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm, the only location where mithril could be found, Gil-galad invites Durin IV to Lindon, where they speak over dinner. Elrond perceives Gil-galad is being untruthful to him, and the High King explains by asking Elrond to recount the apocryphal Song of the Roots of Hithaeglir, which details the supposed origin of mithril as stemming from the battle between an Elven warrior and a Balrog over a tree containing light from the last Silmaril. Gil-galad attempts to persuade Elrond to reveal the existence of mithril in Khazad-dûm, though Elrond refuses, having made an oath to Durin.
Some time later, Gil-galad comes to Ost-in-Edhil to ascertain if Celebrimbor has been able to devise a means to avoid their impending fading, and is informed that although Khazad-dûm will not supply mithril, Celebrimbor believes there may be a way to fashion the small fragment Elrond acquired to amplify its properties. Gil-galad believes time has run too short, and orders the Elves of Eregion to begin preparations to return to Valinor. Elrond persuades Gil-galad to give them three months to create a satisfactory artifact, though the High King remains skeptical. With knowledge gained from Halbrand, who Galadriel discovers to be Sauron in disguise, Celebrimbor forges three rings: Narya, Nenya, and Vilya.
=== In video games ===
*In , Gil-galad appears in several flashbacks depicting the War of the Last Alliance. His ultimate fate is more accurate to the books than the film version, showing Elendil and Gil-galad both battling and defeating Sauron at the cost of their lives.
* In , after Talion finds the stone from Mount Doom, Celebrimbor will state that he "watched Gil-galad die on the slopes of Mount Doom". This implies that he watched the battle from the wraith-world, where his soul resides in the game's internal canon. In the game's sequel, Shadow of War, Talion and Celebrimbor use his spear, having retrieved it from his resting place.
*Gil-galad is a playable character in , and can be obtained by finding him and buying him in a cave in Mordor. He is styled after the movie interpretation of Gil-galad, but his equipment does not include a spear; he instead wields an Elven sword and shield.
== Translations ==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Amharic 	ጊል-ጋላድ
Arabic 	جيل غالاد
Armenian 	Գիլ-գալադ
Belarusian Cyrillic	Гіл-Гэлад
Bengali 	গিল-গলাদ
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Гил-галад
Burmese 	ဂီ ဂဲလက်
Catalan 	Guil-galad
Chinese (Hong Kong)	吉爾加拉德
Georgian 	გილ-გალად
Gujarati 	ગિલ-ગલાદ
Hebrew 	גיל-גאלאד
Hindi 	ङिल्-गलद
Japanese 	ギル＝ガラド
Kannada 	ಗಿಲ್-ಗಲಾಡ್
Kazakh 	Гіл-галад (Cyrillic) Gil-galad (Latin)
Korean 	길갈라드
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Гил-галад
Macedonian Cyrillic	Гил-галад
Maithili 	गिल-गलाद
Marathi 	गिल-गलाड
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Гил-галад
Nepalese 	गिल-गलाड
Pashto 	ګیل-ګلهد
Persian 	گیل-گالاد
Punjabi 	ਗਿਲ-ਗਲਾਦ
Russian 	Гиль-галад
Sanskrit 	गिल-गलाद्
Serbian 	Гил-галад (Cyrillic) Gil-galad (Latin)
Sinhalese 	ගිල්-ගලාද්
Tajik Cyrillic 	Гил-галад
Tamil 	கில்-கலாட்
Tatar 	Гил-галад
Telugu 	గిల్-గాలాడ్
Thai 	กิลกาลัด
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Гіль-Галад
Urdu 	گل گالہد
Uzbek 	Гил-галад (Cyrillic) Gil-galad (Latin)
Yiddish 	גיל-גאַלאַד
== Notes ==
== References ==
Category:Characters in The History of Middle-earth
Category:Deaths in battle
Category:Canon characters in The Rings of Power
Category:Elves
Category:Elves of Beleriand
Category:High Kings of the Noldor
Category:The Fellowship of the Ring (film) characters
Category:Ñoldor
Category:Ring bearers
Category:The Rings of Power characters
Category:Sindarin names & words
Category:The Silmarillion characters
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