Gwit

Gwivs kweite med specific activitats : metabolisme, quod consist hause ex id ambient ia substances necessar iri functionment, ed rejece zibel, au reproduction, quod im permitt se multiplie. Eti, trehcent ed colonisent milieus, sont in contacto con id extermilieu (communication), ed se manteine in un nisbatan constant wehrgstando nespekent ia changes ios milieu quer wehsent (adaptation). Yed, quanto movt ne est gwiv (piurno mathalan, quod lakin symboliset in mythologia gwit klohpten ud i divs ab i menscens) ed, invers-ye, i virus isolet ex id infecto cell sont tik objects aun autonom activitat; yed, xeihnt ir wi genetic information ed, quando parasitent un 
cell, bihnt kabil os se reproduce. Id cell est id basic unitat os gwit : vasyi gwivs comprinde lytst-ye oin. Est id fundamental organisationsnivell os gwit, quos ultim ed complexest nivell esti skipt ab biosphere (exobiologia ne bad pangus id existence os gwito trans tod). Gwit hat un historia : evolution est ids mecanisme aurghen 3,8 milliards yaren prever. Opsst-ye, ielg cell gehnti nov cells beghaben samt identic kweits, yed yando, ye id nivell im individus ed iom specen, tyehce modifications (mutations) qua mutteihnt adaptations ei milieu ed creenti nov speces. Ia fossils weitwoddent ta evolutions. Id jumiung im yowkjitias est limiten. Ploisko i unicellulars, qui se reproducent do identic per binar deilen, gnahnt, crehscent, gerascent ed nake ir fin (mohrt).
==Biodiversitat==
Id evolutionsprocess producti dayim, ye id maschtab iom geologic tids, nov speces. Parallel-ye, alya bihnt extinct. Extinction est un normal phenomen ios historia iom specen. Lakin, Terras historia est marct ab volns om massenextinctions, quom causes sont yando controverten, kam tod im dinosaurs ed om takriban 60 do 75% iom animal ed vegetal specen, 65 millions yaren prever. Nundiens, id disparitions tempo iom specen se acceleret. Id International Union pro id Conservation os Nature ranwti takriban 15 000 menacet speces, yed bespehct id tik ia 1,7 millions om gnohn speces ex un total vohrtto do 14 millions. Id destruction iom habitats ab ia menscactivitats (agriculture, urbanisation, industrial opsa, etc.) est ids prest cause. Id introduction om extos speces do ia ecosystemes provoquet ecologic distulas. Eti, ia pollutions affece ia weuxnets, ed climat warmen menacet mult speces qua khake se adapte. Due id action os oin spece (noster) ep alters, id collapse os biodiversitat est aunstehmim, ne tik ye un ethic vidpoint, betschi est grace ye id vidpoint om sien consequences pro iswo menscens, qui viriske beghsasce ia raumaterias, aliments ed pharmacs qua im dadwnt alya speces. Ia salvguardia meids os nature sont yinjier lasim ad enplace.
 Tienxia daysa os biodiversitat yeji id numer specen om vascular plantes pro 10 000 km².
==Ecosysteme==
Est kalt ecosysteme uno menghia gwiven (biocoenose) ed negwiven elements samt mult interactions unios natural milieu (biotope). Wiswa terran ecosystemes oiskeipe id biosphere. Cada milieu correspondend sem ecosysteme enrelationt un communitat om gwiv speces ed om physic sonterconditions. Sont enderwitta ithan dwo major components : vegetals ed animals hois, ia minerals, air, wed ed ia traces om menscgadabeihsas. In ia ecosystemes, i gwivs pange inter se weuxsibias, kalt "weuxnets" ed organiset in netwehrgs. Per reproduction, animals ed vegetals popule ia milieus. Bi ia vegetals, semens ed spores permitte id krig om nov milieus, quom lahsa tyehct med stolons, rhizomes au bulbes. Bim animals, id befolken iom nov milieus tyehct med ia trehcs im adults au im larves. Ia ecosystemes bihnti menacen ab id yando harbant action al mensc ep els ambient (introduction om extos speces, excessive preleivens [upersayd, uperpeisken], degradation iom biotopes [pollution, climat warmen]). Id disparition au id degradation uns element wi uni ecosysteme, quod skeipt oino iom schaks ios weuxnet, duct uni ecologic distula, ed videstruct id hol biocoenose. Biodiversitat wehst poskwo menacet ed i animals ed vegetals, qui dadwnt al menscem aliments, raumaterias, pharmacs riske disparihes, quo maght endanger elswo.
==Weuxen==
Ia digestive, respirator ed kwehlen tracts contribuent betyices ia memsa ed smyehrnt id weuxen ios badan, quod ghehdt it, absorbend-ye elements ex id milieu in-yod el gwivt iti swekwehre sien functionment ed sien crosct. Id weuxen im animals varyet sekwent ir diete (carnivor, vegetarian au bo, yani omnivor). Dehlcti compense ia spends ed wans ios badan, qua dependt ia oumer, activitat ed sexe es cada individu. Sont enderkwiten ia strugaliments (opnost med amino acids ed calcium), energetic aliments (pieutselps, naschast, sukers), functionala aliments (vitamins ed fibers), ed wed. Digestion transformet ia aliments do molecules absorptible ab id badan, ia nutrients. Respiration consist gasic exchanges inter id badan ed ids ambient : absorption os dioxygene ed reject os carbon dioxide. Id functionment iom memscells naudht permanent exchanges inter ta ed id inner milieu quod ibs bringht nutrients ed dioxygen ed quod comprindti dwo liquids : sehrg ed lymphe. Id interstitialo lymphe, quer madhe ia cells, est id exchange loc con ta. Se undnovt ab id sehrg. Id sehrgkwehlen tyehct in un cluso systeme ex xekwans (aulices ed veines). Est activen ab id kerd, quod wehrcti kam un pumpe.
==Annem==
Ploisko oik rar yowkjitias gwivend aun air, vasyi gwivs, kweter sont animal au vegetal, annment dayim. Tod gwitsphenomen biht uperwohrt med gasic exchanges inter ti gwivs ed ir gwitsmilieu : absorption os dioxygen (oxygen in gasic stand) ed reject os carbon dioxide (wa carbongas). Id rol ios annem esti dadwe oxygen ibs cells, in-ya tod biht nuden kay degrade ia organic molecules ed betyices med id energia necessar ei cellular activitat. Tod energiasleuren dreihbt un production om carbon dioxide ed wed. Oxygen, carbon dioxide ed wed bihnt exchangen ye id nivell memsen : bim invertebrats, id cuit ghehdt age tod rol; bim insects, ia dudkas kwehrnti to med spiracles; bim piskims, sontermemsa, ia ghelouns, sont implien ed bim pleukend mammifers, ia pulmons sont id seddos tom exchangen. Id pulmonventilation est id hol iom phenomens qua pliehge od air biht alternative-ye aspiren ed expulgen. In id druna ios inspiration, ia muscles iom reibs ed id diaphragma compage ed id volume ios reibkafas auct, menxu unte id expiration, tod kafas sehnct ed chasset id air ex ia pulmons.
==Nerveuso systeme==
Yowkjitias captent dayim informations ex ir ambient ed sont it in communcation con id. Nerveus messages sont recordable electric manifestations, qua gnahnt unte id stimulation iom sensorial receptors iom sensenmemsen (luce ab id ok, visionsmems; swonvibrations ab id aur, aurimems; pressem au wierme ab id cuit, touchemems; chemic substances ab id dingv ed ia nasal cavitats, memsa om gust ed odorat). Id sensorial receptor gehnt id nerveus message, quod bihti transmitten ei kers. Senter skweit id poskwo yeist id uni tyeicmems quod kwehrsiet un action. Ab ia messages recept ye id nivell ios cortex, id kerso struct un perception ed controlt voluntar movs. Id cortex est uno mosayic pluren decens om specialiset zones. Ta different kersareas sont interconnecten ed "dialehge" con mutu. Id functionment ios nerveus systeme keiht ep id signalenkwehlen unte uno netwehrg om specialiset cells : ia neurons. Uno neuron est un beorbatensunitat ios information, un excitable cell quod recept, transmitt ed emitt signals. Ex uno neuron do alyo, id transfer tyehct ye id nivell om sonterijadhs, ia synapses, med chemic messages. Ep ia synapses age ia pharmacs (antidepressives, sedatives, qua modifienti dumos ed sulouk). Droghs age yeschi tod nivell : ghehdent ses dangereus ob perturbent id conduct al mensc ed gehne addictions.
==Reproduction==
Reproduction est id bungos quod permitt ibs gwiv speces nadure. Aunsexe reproduction tyehct per binar deilen (simple cellular division) bim bacterias, bi ia protista, bi mult invertebrats ed ia vegetals. Sexual reproduction comprindt id union om dwo reproductor cells, uno ner gamete, id scheingji, ed un ster gamete, id ovule. Tod union, kalt "bernteihsa", adduct ei skeipen uns oivcell. Se dividend-ye, tod, quos genetic information orgwehmt dwidel-ye ex ieter parent, gehnt un nov gwiv, un embryo dind un eln. Yagwa nischant id perigumt ex magvstand di adultstand : ia secundar sexual kweits prehpe ed ia gehnmemsa im pwarns ed kweils biwehrge. Ia orghis iom pwarns deughe schengjis ed ia ovars iam kweils expulgent cyclic-ye ovules (opsst-ye ielg 28im dien). Setus jamiyet vasya phenomens qua jinkdount in id corpos ias gwen inter bernteihsa ed orneuw. Sont enderkwiten dwo phases : embryonal gwit, quod duret dwo munts, est id formationsperiode iom different memsen; id gwolbhgwit, quod duret sept munts, correspondt un acceleret formation al purt, tun kalt "gwolbh/fetus"). Exchanges inter el gwolbh ed id matruwo badano tyehce unte id nobil per id placenta. Contraceptionsmethodes kam pilule au preservative permittent chuses id waurmen kay habe un purt. Id preservative est unschi zariya kay se protege ud AIDS ed Sexual-ye Transmissible Infections (STI) unte jimas. Existent preservatives pro ners au sters. Yed id diaphragma (kam id pilule) hat tik contraceptive bungsa ed ne protect ud STIs.
 Id HIV-virus causet AIDS, ex Englisch : Human immunodeficiency virus, id ne hat official Latino nam ob ids classe ed phylum ne hant bad esen identifien.
==Immunitat==
Resistence face un payttgehn (microbes au virus) au un toxic agent (iads au toxins) uns yowkjitia quel sagvt enderkwites ia elements qua al sont siena ud ta alien, immunitat ghehdt ses natural au acquisiht. In preter fall, ia natural defense mecanismes age fauran. Cuit, mucosas, enzymes ed digestive swekwsa sont ia presta tom barriers. Sei bihnt upersudern, sehrgcells se strehnge ad destruge id "ingestat" : est id phagocytose. In dwoter fall, id acquisihn immunitat est efficienter quem id natural immunitat, quod id sehkwt ed kardwnt. Est besonters diregen contra id involwt payttgehn : bihti tyicen ab ia lymphocytes. Ielgo lymphocyte react tik face ein antigen. Sammel quem id immunresponse bihti daht, bihnt producen memoriacells specific ei payttgehn. Ta mane baygh diu in id badan : sei tod incontret iter id sam payttgehn, vahnt slures un baygh efficient specific immunresponse, meg meis oku quem unte preter incontren. Vaccination keiht ep tod principe. Wakyet od id immunsysteme neti sagvt enderkwites sieno ed alien, acti tun protiev ia wi cells ios badan seuwnd-ye autoimmun siuges. In id fall iom allergias, id immunsysteme react excessive-ye face normal-ye aunharm antigens.