Kyalami Circuit

The Kyalami Circuit is a motorsport circuit located in Midrand, Gauteng, South Africa. It played host to the former South African Grand Prix between 1966 and 1993, but is no longer used in Formula One. It is mostly known for its high altitude (1,500 m/4,920 ft), and the tragic accident in 1977 that took the life of Formula One driver, Tom Pryce, and track marshal, Frederick Jansen van Vuuren.
==Circuit History==
The track was commissioned and built by the South African Motor Racing Club. It is roughly halfway between Johannesburg and Pretoria, in an area named Midrand that was originally rural, but has since been swallowed by the urban sprawl. The track opened in 1961, and soon became known for a 9-hour sports car endurance race, held in late November.When it was felt that the Prince George Circuit was too short for Formula One, Kyalami was the logical replacement. The track held a Grand Prix every year from 1967 to 1985, but the 1981 race had it's championship status removed. Sanctions against South Africa's apartheid regime caused the race to be removed from the calendar after 1985.Major steps towards dismantling apartheid allowed the race to be run in 1992 and 1993, but a decrease in the value of the Rand caused the promoter to go bankrupt, and the race has not been run since. In 2016, after the track was purchased by Porsche South Africa, and the completion of a major rebuilding project, the track received an FIA Grade 2 rating, and were in talks with Charlie Whiting for a Grade 1 rating. But the owners said that the Grand Prix would not resume without major funding from the government, although there were serious talks for the track to rejoin the calendar for 2023. Kyalami recently held the 9 Hours of Kyalami in the Intercontinental GT Challenge from 2019-2021 and 2023.
==Circuit Layouts==
===Previous Layouts===
====1961-1985====
The original configuration was a fairly simple nine turn clockwise course, on slightly undulating terrain. The main straight was over a mile long, with a 20° right hand kink (known poetically as "The Kink") about of the way down. Just past The Kink were the pits, and then the start/finish line. After the start, the course crested a hill, then dropped into a dip, before starting to rise just before the first turn. That turn, an uphill 120° right hand sweep, was called "Crowthorne". Then the cars were on a short straight, parallel and adjacent to one of the main highways between Johannesburg and Pretoria.Then the cars made a tight 60° right, called "Barbeque". The led onto the back straight, which had a gentle kink in the middle, similar to the front straight. This kink was called "Jukskei Sweep", and bent about 30° to the left, the first left hand bend of the track. At the end was a sweeping right of just over 90°, called "Sunset Bend". Another short straight led to "Clubhouse Bend", a 120° left that was close enough to the front straight that spectators in the grandstand beyond the front straight could see the cars here, too.It was here that the track started a climb up the highest local hill. After paralleling the main straight for about of a mile, the cars negotiated a left-right combination known as "The Esses", which were deceptive, as the right hander was much sharper and tighter than the left. A short squirt up to the top of the hill, and a 150° righthander called "Leeukop Bend" puts you going downhill at the start of the main straight.
====1992-1993 (2009-2015)====
The Grand Prix circus returned to Kyalami in 1992, and found a very different landscape. While apartheid was not yet gone from South Africa, steps had been taken to ensure its removal. Relaxation of internal travel restrictions had meant thousands were moving to the metro area almost daily, and a location that was out in the brush in 1961 was in the process of being swallowed by the urban sprawl. The owners of the track were not oblivious to the growth of the region, and sought to capitalize on the growth.There had previously been a massive redesign in 1988 before Formula 1 returned, with the circuit by then resembling the 1992 layout, but in 1991, the final sector was edited to make the track longer, along with a couple name changes. Where the pits, front straight and grandstands used to sit amongst the scrub, there were now corporate offices, electronic assembly plants and restaurants. Much of Kyalami was now a business park, with a portion of the old track incorporated into a totally new, counter-clockwise configuration. The part of the track kept went from Jukskei Sweep to the entrance to Leeukop Bend, but with the second part of The Esses widened and made faster. And most of the corners were now named after sponsors, rather than landforms and old property names.The pits were originally placed to the south of the straight after Jukskei, but that structure had been abandoned by 1992. The new section basically went straight past Leeukop Bend a hundred meters or so, to a new double-apex hairpin called "Wesbank", for the finance company. The track now went downhill parallel to the uphill section and through an unnamed left hand sweeper, leading into a sharp, 135° right called "Continental", after the tire company. The straight that followed has a 45° right hand bend where the local poets had resurrected the label of "The Kink". This was followed by a 135° left (which went unnamed for several years) leading onto the current start/finish and pit straight (called the Brilliant Straight). This measured less than half a kilometer before hitting a 30° right (also unnamed) and then a sweeping 70° left (called Total) which was described by Alain Prost as the only really interesting corner on the revised circuit. The cars followed another shorter straight before making a gentle 45° left, followed almost immediately with a tight 90° left (called Nashua) rejoining the old circuit. It may be important to note that in the 1988 layout, Continental had been far faster, and the kink, rather than turning right, led directly onto a differently placed start-finish straight, cutting turn 13 and the kink before Total out completely. 
===Current (2016-)===
After a 15-year period in which turn 12 was converted into a chicane, the 1992 layout returned. However, around the time of the ownership change, the turns before Budget were completely changed, with the kink before Total now being named, in tradition, "The Kink," despite it becoming more insignificant in the 2016 layout, with it now leading a start-finish straight extended after the kink to the brand-new Crawthorne hairpin, with a pair of kinks named "Juksei Sweep" leading to a practically 90° turn named "Barbeque" before rejoining the previous layout on the now-extended straight towards Budget. In addition, an unnamed left kink is added after Continental, which also increases the sharpness the The Kink. 
Every single turn from Barbeque on was also renamed so they closely resembled the names of the original circuit. Budget, Yellow Pages, the Topsport Esses, turn 8, which is no longer classified as a corner in the redesign, Westbank, turn 10, Continental, The Kink and turn 13 are renamed to Sunset, Clubhouse, The Esses, Leeukop, Mineshaft, The Crocodiles, Cheetah and Ingwe. 
==Event history==
The following is a list of South African Grands Prix held at the Kyalami circuit. Non-championship events have a rose background.
Year	Winning Driver 	Winning Constructor	Report
 	Pedro Rodríguez 	 	Report
 	Jim Clark 	 	Report
 	Jackie Stewart 	 	Report
 	Jack Brabham 	 	Report
 	Mario Andretti 	 	Report
 	Denny Hulme 	 	Report
 	Jackie Stewart 	 	Report
 	Carlos Reutemann 	 	Report
 	Jody Scheckter 	 	Report
 	Niki Lauda 	 	Report
 	Niki Lauda 	 	Report
 	Ronnie Peterson 	 	Report
 	Gilles Villeneuve	 	Report
 	René Arnoux 	 	Report
 	Carlos Reutemann 	 	Report
 	Alain Prost 	 	Report
 	Riccardo Patrese 	 	Report
 	Niki Lauda 	 	Report
 	Nigel Mansell 	 	Report
 	Nigel Mansell 	 	Report
 	Alain Prost 	 	Report
==Notes==
Category:Circuits
Category:South African Grand Prix
Category:Circuits in Africa
Category:Circuits that Débuted in 1967