The Hall of Presidents

The Hall of Presidents is an attraction located in Liberty Square at the Magic Kingdom in the Walt Disney World Resort. The attraction is a multi-media presentation and stage show featuring Audio-Animatronic figures of all 45individual United States Presidents. It opened on October 1, 1971, along with the rest of the Magic Kingdom and resort.
Housed in a building resembling Philadelphia's Independence Hall, the current attraction features a short film depicting a historical account of several American presidencies, notably George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John F. Kennedy. The film is followed by a stage presentation of all the presidents in Audio-animatronic form and features speeches by Lincoln, Washington, and the president currently serving.
==History==
===One Nation Under God===
Walt Disney had originally wanted an attraction similar to the "Hall of Presidents" called One Nation Under God at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. After Disneyland had become a huge success, Disney proposed an extension of Main Street, U.S.A. called Liberty Street at Edison Square. Disney originally wanted wax figures of all the U.S. Presidents, and later decided to try to make them animated figures, but the technology that he wanted for this attraction did not exist or fully meet his desire. Disney decided to collaborate with his fellow Imagineers of WED Enterprises to try to make the first Audio-Animatronic figure in a human form. It would be one of Disney's heroes: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States.
===Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln===
Disney and his Imagineers created an Audio-Animatronic figure of Abraham Lincoln, more advanced than the ones produced for the Illinois Pavilion at the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. The show consisted of a pre-show film on a screen with a depiction of paintings done to represent Illinois. Guests then entered the main theater where the theater curtains eventually were removed to reveal the figure of Abraham Lincoln sitting in a chair. He rose out of the chair, stood up, and gave a 5-7 minute oratory consisting of a collection of his famous speeches.
The show concluded with more theater curtains revealing the Rotunda of the United States Capitol Building. While the original version of the show that played in New York during its showing at the Fair was eventually dismantled and demolished, a similar version was created even while the Fair was going on in 1965. Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln was closed down for Disneyland's 50th anniversary in 2005, but was re-opened in 2009.
===Liberty Square===
After Disney's death on December 15, 1966, plans were moving ahead for the (still under construction) Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Since there was going to be another Disneyland-style theme park, this time officially known as the Magic Kingdom, Imagineers felt that one of the changes that would differ between Disneyland and the Magic Kingdom should be in one of the themed lands. The Imagineers decided that since Florida was closer to the real New Orleans in Louisiana, having a New Orleans Square in the Magic Kingdom would be superfluous.
The old designs and concepts for Disney's Liberty Street at Edison Square were reviewed, revised, and what became of it was the Magic Kingdom's Liberty Square, that served as the Florida equivalent of New Orleans Square. Liberty Square also serves as the alternative location for the Magic Kingdom's version of the Haunted Mansion, which is located at New Orleans Square in Disneyland. The Imagineers also thought that, as a follow-up to "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln", they could finally create Disney's concept of "One Nation Under God", and thus the creating the Hall of Presidents.
==The attraction==
===The original show===
The show begins with a film presentation of the history of the United States of America. It shows that the American way was forged through conflict and many long years of struggle. The main idea of the film is that the United States is not free from improvements. It is certain changes that prove necessary over the years. The film also celebrates the liberties of the American people, the United States Constitution, and the progress of America in its early years. With the help of paintings from the era, the Philadelphia Convention is reenacted.
George Washington (voiced by Disney veteran Paul Frees) and Benjamin Franklin (Lawrence Dobkin, who also narrated the original 1971 show) are heard making speeches to the Convention. They assured all that this government was going to be different. After the formation of the Constitution, the first test of the new republic was the Whiskey Rebellion, which proved that the government would use force to "ensure domestic tranquility." Years later, President Andrew Jackson (Dallas McKennon) was the first to deal with secession by the Southern states. Luckily, the talk was quelled and Jackson escaped the threat.
The film then segues to the time of Abraham Lincoln (Royal Dano), when secession was a real threat. These paintings and vocal performances are similar, if not identical, to the same segment in the "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln" presentation. The American Civil War portion of the presentation is based on the "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln" presentation, including a nearly identical script, although, to fit the much bigger screen of the theater, rather than the much smaller one at Disneyland, new paintings were required to fill the screen. The Constitution survived the conflict, making America a truly unified nation.
A huge era of progress occurred after the war. All the while, the Constitution remained the tent pole of the country. The film then turns toward the future, saying that the leaders of tomorrow have to be committed to the Constitution and its principles, if the country is to survive. A Saturn V rocket takes off, and the screens then lift up, and the U.S. Presidents take center stage. After the curtain lifts, all (then) 36 presidents are called, in chronological order. (At the time the attraction opened in 1971, the roll call ended with Richard M. Nixon. Over time, each newly elected President would have an Audio-Animatronic version of himself added to the show in their likeness.)
Each one responds to their name with a nod, wave, or other sign of acknowledgment. During the presentation, the Presidents fidget, talk to each other, and look around; all the while making the illusion seem quite real. Abraham Lincoln then stands and takes center stage. His speech is remarkably similar to the speech he gave in "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln". After his speech, the show concludes with a rendition of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic", (the same rendition used in "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln"). However, in 2009, the Battle Hymn of the Republic was replaced with America the Beautiful, but it reverted to "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" in 2011.
===Changes===
The original show remained virtually unchanged from 1971 until October 1993. Additional Audio-Animatronic figures of Gerald R. Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush were then added when each entered into office. Lawrence Dobkin continued to be the narrator, and re-recorded the roll-call for each new addition. The only major feature that changed before 1993 was the original adaptation of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" that served as part of the finale of the show. It was the same adaptation used in "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln". The adaptation was done in a lower key, and instead changed for a revised adaptation in a higher key.
The show closed in early September 1993 and was then completely renovated and re-opened in October 1993, after Bill Clinton had been elected to office. The changes to the show, which in some form remain to this day, are credited to Eric Foner, a history professor at Columbia University. He was able to persuade various Disney executives, most notably then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner, that a new adaptation of the show was needed. Foner is responsible for completely rewriting and changing the script of the show in order to focus more on slavery and other ethical and civil related issues in the United States of America. He is also responsible for rewriting Lincoln's speech, which was originally nearly identical to that which Lincoln gave in the original version of "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln." Clinton also became the first president to provide his voice and record the dialogue for his audio-animatronic figure; George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump subsequently followed this process.
While the format of the show remained in the sense of the photos, films, and other features used in the film and elsewhere in the presentation, the speed at which the films played, and what was shown on them was redone to fit the changed script. A new music score was also introduced.
Also, no longer would prominent members of the Disney Company narrate parts of the film. Instead, Maya Angelou narrated the revised script and gave the roll-call of the U.S. Presidents. New amateur actors gave the voices of the characters in the film. Another feature that was added in 1993 was a speech given by the sitting U.S. President. Foner is responsible for writing the speech which President Clinton himself recorded at the White House. Followed by the current U.S. President's speech, Abraham Lincoln would give the completely revised speech written by Foner. The Lincoln Audio-Animatronic figure was also given eyeglasses, and held a piece of paper to glance to and from his speech. Some objected to this, saying that it dumbed down the depiction of Lincoln as a prominent and iconic figure.
For the 2001 update to the show, adding President George W. Bush and his speech, actor J.D. Hall replaced Angelou as the narrator, but he read from the same script as the 1993 version. The Audio-Animatronic figure created for Clinton in 1993 was moved to the background and a new George W. Bush animatronic was added.
Before the 2009 updates to the show, including the addition of President Barack Obama, the Hall of Presidents was closed between October 31, 2008, and July 1, 2009, to undergo an extensive renovation to upgrade its audio and visual effects and systems. When Obama recorded his speech for the updated show on March 4, 2009, in the White House Map Room, he also recorded himself once again reciting the oath of office of the President of the United States. According to Pam Fisher, the senior show writer for Walt Disney Imagineering, "it is quite an experience to arrive in the White House and actually be present when the president records his speech for the Hall of Presidents." Morgan Freeman replaced Hall as narrator for the 2009 revised show, and George Washington was added as a third speaking president. The clip of the Saturn V launch was replaced with footage showing the first launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia. This footage had been recycled from the original version of Universe of Energy at Epcot.
The attraction closed on January 17, 2017 for refurbishment and the addition of Donald Trump as a new audio-animatronic figure. It was initially announced that it would reopen on June 30, 2017, but a more recent report states that it would more likely open in "late 2017", with the report also confirming that the Trump figure will speak. The attraction officially reopened on December 19, 2017 with the addition of the Trump animatronic.
On January 20, 2021, Disney announced that the attraction would be closed again for refurbishment in order to install an Audio-Animatronic figure of Joe Biden after his inauguration as presidenthttps://wdwnt.com/2021/07/photos-president-biden-animatronic-and-props-added-to-hall-of-presidents-reopening-in-augus , and on July 19, 2021, it was announced that the Hall of Presidents would reopen in August 3, 2021, in time for Walt Disney World's 50th Anniversary celebration, with a new figure and speech by the 46th President, Joe Biden.
==Production notes==
*The film used in the show was shot in 70mm format using a special process created by Disney Legend Ub Iwerks, this was also his last project before his death in July of 1971.
*Through George W. Bush, all the presidents were sculpted by Disney Legend Blaine Gibson; Barack Obama's audio-animatronic version was sculpted by his apprentice Valerie Edwards.
*Royal Dano was the original voice of Abraham Lincoln, as he also was in the 1964 New York World's Fair and early Disneyland versions. When the show was redone in 1993, Dano had become ill, and Lincoln was voiced by Peter Renaday (who also served as a narrator on The Walt Disney Story version of Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, and provided the narration for the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland Transit Authority from 1994 to 2009). Dano's voice was restored in the 2009 version to coincide with his voice also being restored to the Disneyland Lincoln.
*Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and Barack Obama are A-100 model Audio-Animatronic figures, a line of the most advanced, lifelike, and expressive human figures that Walt Disney Imagineering has ever built.
*Cast members are known to discreetly vandalize animatronics in the midst of certain controversies. For example, during the Watergate scandal, the Richard Nixon animatronic was handcuffed, and during the Lewinsky scandal, a condom was slipped into the pocket of the Bill Clinton animatronic.
*Due to the controversial nature of Donald Trump's administration, as well as several incidents in which guests booed and heckled the Trump animatronic and started shouting matches with Trump supporters, along with a number of incidents of Trump supporters cheering for the Trump animatronic, a pair of security guards were posted in the theater to escort any unruly guests out, and an announcement was introduced asking guests to keep their thoughts to themselves, in a further effort to reduce the risk of these confrontations.
*It was reported that one of the reasons for the delay of the 2017 version of the show was that the Imagineers had prepared for a Hillary Clinton victory, including creating an animatronic model for her, including her face. Some have speculated that Trump's animatronic uses an altered version of this model.
==Cast==
:in order of appearance
1971-93 	1971-93
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Lawrence Dobkin
George Washington	Paul Frees
Benjamin Franklin	Lawrence Dobkin
Governor Mifflin 	Paul Frees
Andrew Jackson 	Dallas McKennon
Abraham Lincoln 	Royal Dano
Stephen Douglas 	Paul Frees
1993-2001 	1993-2001
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Maya Angelou
Abraham Lincoln 	Peter Renaday
Bill Clinton 	Himself
2001-2009 	2001-2009
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	J.D. Hall
Abraham Lincoln 	Peter Renaday
George W. Bush 	Himself
2009–2017 	2009–2017
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Morgan Freeman
George Washington	David Morse
Abraham Lincoln 	Royal Dano (archive recorded)
Barack Obama 	Himself
2017–2021 	2017–2021
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Joy Vandervort-Cobb
George Washington	David Morse
Abraham Lincoln 	Royal Dano (archive recorded)
Donald Trump 	Himself
2021-2025 	2021-2025
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Joy Vandervort-Cobb
George Washington	David Morse
Abraham Lincoln 	Royal Dano (archive recorded)
Joe Biden 	Himself
2025-2029 	2025-2029
Role 	Voice Actor
Narrator 	Joy Vandervort-Cobb
George Washington	David Morse
Abraham Lincoln 	Royal Dano (archive recorded)
Donald Trump 	Himself
===Television Appearance===
*A behind the scenes look of the attraction was featured in the 2021 Disney+ documentary series Behind the Attraction.
==Gallery==
Hall of Presidents Poster.jpg
George Washington in The Hall of Presidents.jpg|George Washington as seen in more recent versions of the attraction
John F. Kennedy Hall of Presidents.jpg
==See also ==
*List of Magic Kingdom attractions
*The American Adventure
==References==
nl:The Hall of Presidents
Category:Magic Kingdom attractions
Category:Liberty Square attractions
Category:Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
Category:The Hall of Presidents
Category:Non-fiction works