Socialisme

Id lexis socialisme ambghehrdt wiswa economic-politic doctrines qua eiskwnt reorganise societat ep id base uns preeminence os collective interesse uper privat interesses, ir ziel esend id disparition om social inegalitats. 
Socialisme gnaht, in-kap id XIXt secule, ex un refuse os accepte id inhuman condition im orbatern causet ab id Industrial Revolution. Est un gwayt intellectualen opponskwnd un alternative ad liberal Capitalisme. Ia prest proposens gwehme ender Utopia; zaruri intizare, hois, id staur analyse ab Marx (1818-1883), ed ciois, id emergence uns orbatermovment oistructuret ab syndicalisme kay socialisme se organiset do credible politic formations. Tod conjuncture intervent unte id senst quardel ios XIXt secule. 
 Id "rose-dehrjend ghesor" est id gnohmen ios Socialiste Internationale tem quem pluren socialisten partisen tienxia. Id buit prest rissen ab Yan Berryer in 1972 pro i franceoisens "Yun Socialistens".
Id Socialiste Internationale (SI) est un tienxia association om politic partises, qua pleista establieskwnt democratic socialisme. Quayque formen in 1951 ka successor ios Socialiste Orbaterinternationale, id hat antecedents tiel id sert XIXt secule. Id association hat crohsct hin include 153 memberpartises ex meis quem 100 lands. Ids members hant gouvernet in maung lands, pati id major part os Europe. Id amtirend president ios Si est is prever Premier Minister os Hellado, George Papandreou. 
==Id elaboration os socialisme==
Inter 1820 ed 1850, un pohltos doctrinen peite concepe un politic-social aurdhen quod aboleihiet id exploitation ios orbat ab id capital ed dehiet un fin ad social inegalitat. Sei Saint-Simon eiskwt meis organise quem rencause ia Productionsmodus, Owen, Fourier, Cabet, Leroux ed Blanc conteste id vetat ed advoque un collectivisme quod sems name "communisme". Proudhon depropont un cooperation em lyter independent suters. Quayque utopic ed explicit de ia zariyas quommed uperlites ex id capitaliste societato do socialisme, ta systemes sont meg present in-kap id 1848 Revolution, besonters in France. 
Lakin ex iro critique gnaht id project om Marx ed Engels os elabore un "scientific socialisme", gwayt mohldt yant id Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (1848). Ep id base uns philosophia os Historia quod tolct tod ka id product iom "classenjidals", Marx tyeict un analyse os capitalisme (Das Kapital, 1867-1883) ed ayt id adgumt os un socialiste societat uno naudh. Ispet participet, in 1864, id creation uns concret politic organisation, ios Prest Internationale, bet tod ne resist sien inner rivalitats ed id 1870 franceois-deutsch weir. 
==Id Dwot Internationale ed social-democratia==
Zaruri intizare id fin ios secule, pos id mohrt os Marx, pre id socialiste movment biht, in Europes industrielands, un important politic actor. Id startpoint est id antslehnken, in id nuper oinascus Deutschland iom 1870tias, unios mier orbaterformation quod emt, in 1890, id nam os Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). Bohndt uni staur syndical movment, id spando tos partise, duct ab Bebel dind Kautsky, consecret id triumph iom marxisten thesen. Ta dwinghe-se mox endo alter socialiste partises oiskipen in Italia, Belgia, France ed in id Osterreichisch-Magyar Empire. Tik id serter britisch socialisme - id Labour Party biht sult in 1906 -, ne se refert ad marxisme.
In 1889, ta formations federe-se do id Dwot Internationale; just pre Mund Weir Oin, tod, animet ab akster rjienbwutsens (Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg, Jaures, Vandervelde, Bauer), jamiyet un serie partisen qua represente, in ira respective parlaments, un bespehctu levter opposition. It, tod europay social-democratia remant orthodox-ye derv dia id marxiste revolutionaro problematique ed sammel acceptet id mecanisme os parlamentarisme. 
Lakin, inkapt un evolution. Yant ia senst yars ios XIXt secule, in Deutschland, un trendo ducen ab E.Bernstein enquestiont id revolutionar via ka accessmodus ad socialisme. Quayque combatend akster-ye - ye id theoric nivell - tod "revisionisme", ia directions iom Occidental social-democrat partisen gwehme do wides de facto id reformiste ligne id advoquet, treusend meis id pacific krig os magh med universal suffrage, quem un eventual revolutionar badv. 
Bet tod dynamique biht brohgen ab Mund Weir Oin, quei id Dwot Internationale khact oistambhes, ed id 1917 Russian revolution. 
==Marxisme-leninisme ed id Trit Internationale==
Con Lenin ed i bolscheviks, lambhent id waldh in October 1917 un activiste minoritat ios Russian social-democratia. Postulet revolution ne tik-ye ka uno naudh, sontern idschi construction os socialisme sub id direction uns restrigen partise professionalen revolutionars, solid-ye formet ye id doctrinal nivell ed bestohmt ad monitore un proletariat achiz de organise seswo. Tod pau orthodox interpretation os Marx est tem specific quem bihsiet mox tolken de "marxisme-leninisme". Hatta pre sien gumto do waldh, id hieb est akster-ye critiquet ab pelu europay social-democrats - besonters Rosa Luxemburg -, qui vis in id un real diswehrten os marxisme. 
Waldhers in Russia ed convicen ios imminence os un general revolution, i bolscheviks creent, in 1919, un Trit Internationale (Komintern) : in cada land, sections wardhent do communiste partises, supodehn ei Moskva central section. Unte 70 yars, Sovietsk communisme vaht pretende constructum socialisme in id prospecto tracet ab Marx.
Lakin resiste ia europay social-democrat partises, ed ia scissions provoquen eni ia ob ia adhesions do id Komintern bihnt succedden ab un opposition ad sovietsk communisme quod precipitet id reformiste evolution stars ant 1914. Sei remanent derv dia id project os collectivisation iom productionzariyas, kwenchaunt id sub id forme iom nationalisations au ios encouragement ad cooperativisme. Face id socialiste dictature, proclament ir amor om multipartisme ed representative dictature. 
In 1932, ed ye id prest ker, oin ex ia, id svensko socialdemocratic partise sehlt un parlamentar majoritat ed id waldh : naxeihsiet id unte 59 yars - ploisko un interruption inter 1976 ed 1982 - ed enplacesiet un druv politic ed social model. In Mai 1936, in France, ia elections bringhe do waldh id Front Populaire, coalition ducen ab i socialistens ios Section française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) orneuwt-yod reformes os social-democrat inspiration (40-horen orbatshevd, feriassalair...) ed inauguret un siyassa om nationalisations in bank, bwukindustries ed transports. 
Punor, i social-democrats sont i prest victims ios gumtios do waldh iom populisten dictatures in Italia au Deutschland, quer fascistes ed Nazis use un pseudo-socialiste phraseologia quod contribuet drughes id pledveh.
==Srig Weir ed chald daumens==
Ye id termin os Mund Weir Dwo, id victoria os communisme uper nazisme ed id promarche idsen armeen ei permitte instaure samilk regimes in Eusteuropay lands ed in id part os Deutschland occupen ab ia sovietska trupps. Vahtschi dadwe ei Tert-Mund un non-occidental movment os antslehnken, id importantst rallie - esdi adduct serter uni rivalitat ed ei brehg - esend tod os China in 1949. Lakin, id place ed id international prestige ios Union Sovietsken Socialisten Respublics (USSR) som-deube id brehg inter communisme ed social-democratia. Quan inkapt id Srig weir, ia social-democrat partises joine aun kunges id occidental camp ed oistehme id siyassa os alliance con ia Uniet Stats os America. 
Eti, id monopol os marxisme rerogen ab sovietsk communisme leut tadrijan ia West social-democratias ex id. Id staur Socialdemocratic Partise Deutschland (SPD), reconstituen pos 1945, mehldt clar-ye, unte id Bad Godesberg congress (1959), sien rupture con id marxiste heritage : id recogneiht id legitimitat ios MercatsEconomia ed os vetat, option quod bringht id dec yars serter do waldh, ducen ab Willy Brandt. 
In France, id logos ios Parti socialiste est dar marxisant unte id 1981 Presidential election - leit de "rumpes con capitalisme" -; bet, gwohmen do waldh, i franceoisi socialistes mox weide uno nuanceater ligne ed, paradoxal-ye, id dwis septenyar amtstid os François Mitterrand, ex 1981 do 1995, coincidt con un golden aiwum os beursspeculation. Confrontet ei oku economic ed social evolution intervenneun pon 1960, dind ei long ed deub structural crise quod hamraht id Globalisation iom exchangen ed id enplacen os quo biht kalen id "trit industrial Revolution", id marxisme-lut social-democratia est paurskend un nov project. 
Id collapse, ab 1987, ios sovietskios communisme spreuzt idpet dayi socialisme, vagh-ye assimilen ibs collectivisme ed etatisme qua social-democratia hat yed talaken. 1991 vidt sammel id fin ios USSR ed id waldhleus im svensken social-democrats. 
Lakin, id nundiens crise os socialism ne dehlct bihe interpretet ka un definitive decline. Face id gvaltic reiken om ultraliberal theses qua menace ia social perodhias hassileneut in Occident pon pwolter secule, id existence uns protievyige quod ghehldeiht general interesse uper ia particular interesses ed quod refuset id blind regulation os economia ab id saulo slembos ios mercat kwehct necessar. Un redefinihn socialiste men, ghyanen ibs realitats ios moderne mund ed ludhern ex esont ideologic schemas, ghehdt age tod rol.