TWR 70-000 series

The TWR 70-000 series (read as 70,000) is a Japanese commuter electric multiple unit operated by Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit since March 1996.
==History==
The 70-000 series was designed in 1996 based on JR East's 209 series trains. The 70-000 series began service on the first section of the Rinkai Line in March 1996 as four-car sets; they were later extended to six cars in 2002 and then finally ten cars in October 2004, though ten-car sets were already being delivered in 2002 for through services to and from JR East's Saikyō Line. With the reforming of the fleet as entirely ten-car sets from 2004, six spare cars were sold to JR East and reformed as the two four-car 209-3100 series sets Hae71 and Hae72; two of the cars in set Hae71 are from set Z2 (both of which are cab cars), and all of the cars in Hae72 are from 70-000 series sets Z2 and Z3 (cab cars came from Z2, intermediate cars came from Z3).
The sets are expected to be replaced by 71-000 series sets starting from the second half of fiscal 2025, with all sets targeted to be replaced by 2027.
==Design==
The 70-000 series uses a modern design with an unpainted stainless steel body very much like most commuter trains around the region; all eight sets are also very heavily based on the 209 series. Each set has a blue color scheme. 
Similar to the 209 series, the 70-000 series sets are part of the "new series trains", where it would be replaced rather than rebuilt when they were deemed "life-expired"; all ten sets haven't exactly fulfilled this role as they are currently being refurbished.
==Specifications==
Construction is of stainless steel. Cars are 20 meters long, 2.8 meters wide and 4.067 meters high. When originally manufactured, the 70-000 series used gate turn-off thyristor variable frequency drives manufactured by Mitsubishi which have a distinctive roaring sound akin to a car shifting gears when the train accelerates from idle. 
Since 2010, the entire fleet has slowly been refurbished, with improvements including updating the in-car LED displays to LCD ones, refurbishing the in-car battery boxes, changing the old life-expired GTO inverters to newer insulated gate bipolar transistor variable frequency drives also manufactured by Mitsubishi which produce a hissing sound on accelerating, and the changing of the headlights from halogen-styled headlights to modern LED headlights among various other improvements.
==References==
*Wikipedia.org
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit trains
Category:Kawasaki locomotives
Category:Built in 1996