Call of Duty game engine mechanics

As with every video game, there is extensive math behind Call of Duty, which decides the outcome of gameplay. This article focuses on the game's mechanics.
== Movement ==
Sprinting increases the player's movement speed by half of its base value, and all weapons have the same sprint duration except the M14 with ACOG Scope, M21 and the P90 in Call of Duty 4, the USAS 12, MP9 and Skorpion in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 and the Combat Knife in Call of Duty: Black Ops II and Call of Duty: Ghosts.
===Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare & Modern Warfare Remastered===
Movement speed is determined from the player's primary weapon upon spawning. The following table lists the base movement speed depending on the weapons, as well as the movement speed when aiming down the sights.
Weapons 	Movement Speed (normal) 	When aiming down the sights 	
Submachine Guns(except the AK-74u)SidearmsW1200	100% 	80% 	
AK-74u 	95% (CoD4), 100% (Remastered)	76% (CoD4), 80% (Remastered) 	
Shotguns(except the W1200) 	100% 	40% (M1014 and Kamchatka-12)N/A (Rangers)	
RPG-7 	100% 	40% 	
Melee (Remastered) 	100% 	N/A 	
Assault RiflesSniper Rifles 	100% 	95% 	38%
Light Machine Guns 	87.5% 	35% 	
*Overkill can be used to achieve a higher mobility rating. For example, a player with a shotgun as their primary weapon and an LMG as their secondary weapon will always have full mobility.
*Extreme Conditioning doubles the player's sprint duration.
*In the PC and Wii versions of Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, the M14 with ACOG Scope, the P90 and the M21 have sprint duration values that are 1.75x that of all other weapons. This was patched on both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, and wasn't carried over in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered.
===Call of Duty: World at War===
Movement speed is determined from the player's primary weapon upon spawning.
Weapons 	Movement Speed 	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsShotgunsFG42 and Browning M1919	100% 	40%
Sidearms 	100% 	80%
RiflesBolt-Action RiflesBAR 	95% 	38%
Type 99, DP-28 and MG42 	87.5% 	35%
M9A1 Bazooka 	Switching to the Bazooka dropsthe movement speed to 75%	24%
*Overkill and Extreme Conditioning remain completely unchanged from Call of Duty 4.
===Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2===
Movement speed is determined from the player's primary weapon upon spawning, as in Call of Duty 4.
Weapons 	Movement Speed	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsMachine PistolsHandgunsSPAS-12 and Model 1887	100% 	80%
Sniper RiflesLaunchersAA-12, Striker and M1014 	100% 	40%
Ranger 	100% 	N/A
Assault Rifles 	95% 	38%
Light Machine Guns 	87.5% 	35%
Riot Shield 	80% 	N/A
*Lightweight gives the player a constant mobility multiplier of 1.07x.
*Marathon gives the player an unlimited sprint duration.
*When using One Man Army, the player's mobility will change with their primary weapon.
*While using the P90 with the Extended Magazines attachment, a player's sprint time will increase to 7 seconds (75% bonus).
===Call of Duty: Black Ops===
Movement speed is determined from the player's weapon that is currently equipped.
Weapons 	Movement Speed	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsHandgunsStakeout 	100% 	80%
Shotguns (except the Stakeout)Crossbow and Death Machine	100% 	40%
Ballistic KnifeUnderbarrel attachment selectedEquipment 	100% 	N/A
Assault RiflesSniper Rifles 	95% 	40%
Light Machine Guns 	87.5% 	40%
LaunchersGrim Reaper & Valkyrie Rockets 	80% 	40%
*Lightweight gives the player a constant mobility multiplier of 1.07x.
*Marathon doubles the player's sprint duration, and its Pro version gives the player unlimited sprint duration.
*Movement speed can be modified in Custom Games, to make the player move faster or slower. The player can multiply the movement speed by up to 200%.
*Also because of the perk modifiers, a player can modify Lightweight for incredible speeds.
*While sprinting, it is possible to Dive to Prone.
===Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3===
Movement speed is determined from the player's weapon with the lowest mobility. For example, a player using an SMG replacing his secondary with an LMG (either through Overkill or by picking it up from the ground) will move at 80% speed.
The Speed proficiency increases movement speed by 10%, but only when using that weapon, so a player with an LMG with Speed and a secondary will move at 88% when using the LMG and at 80% when using the secondary (unless Speed is acquired through the Specialist bonus).
Items 	Movement Speed	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsMachine PistolsHandguns 	100% 	80%
ShotgunsLaunchers 	100% 	40%
Assault RiflesL118A, Dragunov and MSR 	90% 	36%
Light Machine GunsBarrett .50cal, AS50 and RSASS	80% 	32%
Riot Shield 	80% 	N/A
Becoming a Juggernaut Recon 	60% 	
Becoming a Juggernaut 	52% 	
*Extreme Conditioning doubles the player's sprint duration.
*Additionally, using the USAS 12, MP9 or Skorpion multiplies the duration the player can sprint by 1.75. Combining one of those weapons and Extreme Conditioning extends the time the player can sprint to 3.5x higher than normal, 14 seconds.
===Call of Duty: Black Ops II===
Movement speed is determined from the currently equipped weapon. For example, if the player is holding an LMG, they will move at 0.9 of the base speed. However, if they switch to a shotgun, pistol, SMG or crossbow, they will move at full speed.
Weapons 	Movement Speed 	Aiming down the sights
Ballistic Knife and Combat Knife 	102% 	N/A
Submachine Guns 	100% (101.25% for the MSMC) 	80% (84% for the MSMC)
Handguns 	100% 	84%
Shotguns 	100% 	80%
Crossbow 	100% 	40%
Assault Rifles 	95% (96.5% for the Type 25) 	40%
Underbarrel Grenade Launcherselected	96.25% (except on the M8A1,where it remains 95%)	N/A
Sniper Rifles 	95% (96% for the Ballista) 	40% (44% for the Ballista)
Death Machine 	90% 	48%
LaunchersWar Machine 	90% 	40%
Light Machine Guns 	90% 	32%
Assault Shield 	90% 	N/A
===Call of Duty: Ghosts===
The player's movement speed is based on their currently held weapon.
Weapons 	Movement Speed	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsHandguns 	100% 	80%
Shotguns 	100% 	40%
Combat Knife 	100% 	N/A
Kastet 	95% 	38%
Assault RiflesMarksman RiflesChain SAWUSRMK32 	90% 	36%
Sniper Rifles (except the USR and the Lynx) 	85% 	34%
Light Machine Guns (except the Chain SAW)LynxPanzerfaustMinigun and MAAWS	80% 	32%
Riot Shield 	80% 	N/A
===Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare===
All players have unlimited sprint in Multiplayer. The player's movement speed is based on their currently held weapon. Additionally, some supply drop variants (for shotguns and sniper rifles, as well as the SAC3 and the 1911) change the player's movement speed.
Base weapons:
Weapons 	Movement Speed	Aiming down the sights
Submachine GunsPistolsM1 Irons 	100% 	80%
ShotgunsCrossbowRipped MG, Rocket and Energy Turrets	100% 	40%
Combat Knife 	100% 	N/A
Assault RiflesSniper Rifles 	90% 	36%
Heavy Weapons 	84% 	32%
LaunchersMDL 	80% 	32%
Heavy Shield 	80% 	N/A
Supply drop variants:
(Note that the movement while aiming down the sights is unchanged from the base weapons, except for the Bulldog - Breacher where it is decreased to 36%):
Weapons 	Movement Speed		Weapons 	Movement Speed
1911 - Royalty 	105% 		Tac-19 - Sledgehammer 	96%
SAC3 - Blood & Glory 	104% 		1911 - Hammer Bite 	95%
SAC3 - Misery & CompanyTac-19 - RunnerTac-19 - Bang StickTac-19 - JabBlunderbuss - ScallywagBlunderbuss - ThunderpipeBlunderbuss - Dragon Fire 	102% 		Lynx - SlungMORS - SlungMORS - PenetratorNA-45 - Sharp ShooterAtlas 20mm - TalentSVO - Fury 	91.8%
SAC3 - RapidTac-19 - Lite TriggerTac-19 - Round HouseTac-19 - Upper CutS-12 - AdroitBulldog - Grip TapedBlunderbuss - MusketeerBlunderbuss - CulverinBlunderbuss - HandcannonCEL-3 - Infected	98% 		Bulldog - Breacher 	90%
SAC3 - RapidTac-19 - Lite TriggerTac-19 - Round HouseTac-19 - Upper CutS-12 - AdroitBulldog - Grip TapedBlunderbuss - MusketeerBlunderbuss - CulverinBlunderbuss - HandcannonCEL-3 - Infected	98% 		Lynx - Snake OilMORS - Quick BoltMORS - RansackerMORS - The DoctorAtlas 20mm - InterruptSVO - Return to Sender	88.2%
===Call of Duty: Black Ops III===
All players have unlimited sprint in Multiplayer and all campaign missions (except the level "Black Ops"). Movement speed depends on equipped weapon. Additionally, several weapons in Black Ops III get their movement speed reduced while firing the weapon (be the sights aimed down or not).
Weapons 	Movement Speed 	Aiming down the sights
• Sparrow• Annihilator• Tempest• Scythe• War Machine• H.I.V.E. and Purifier• Gravity Spikes• Ripper	• 100%• 100%• 100% (65% when firing)• 100% (30% when firing)• 100%• 100%• 100%• 110% 	• 96% (92% when firing)• 84% (60% when firing)• 40% (26% when firing)• 34% (30% when firing)• 60%• 40%• N/A• N/A
Pistols (except the Rift E9) 	100%(95% when dual-wielded) 	84%(N/A when dual-wielded)
Shotguns (except the Banshii) 	100% (95% when firing) 	80% (38% when firing)
Rift E9BanshiiNX ShadowClaw 	100% 	80%
• XMC• Kuda, VMP, Weevil and Sten• HG 40 and PPSh• HLX 4• Other Submachine Guns 	• 101.25%• 100%• 100% (95% when firing)• 95% (90% when firing)• 100% 	• 84%• 76%• 80% (76% when firing)• 40% (38% when firing)• 80%
Melee WeaponsFistsBallistic Knife 	100% 	N/A
• Peacekeeper MK2• Man-O-War, Galil and KVK 99m• Other Assault Rifles 	• 97.5% (90% when firing)• 95% (80% when firing)• 95% (90% when firing) 	• 60% (38% when firing)• 40% (32% when firing)• 40% (38% when firing)
D13 Sector 	95% 	40%
Sniper Rifles 	95% (80% when firing) 	40%
• Dingo• Gorgon• 48 Dredge• Other Light Machine Guns 	• 95% (70% when firing)• 95% (55% when firing)• 95% (45% when firing)• 95% (60% when firing)	• 40% (20% when firing)• 28% (10% when firing)• 38% (10% when firing)• 40% (16% when firing)
• MAX-GL• Other Launchers 	• 95%• 90% 	• 40% (38% when firing)• 40%
===Call of Duty: WWII===
Weapons 	Movement Speed 	Aiming down the sights
Shotguns 	100% 	80%(40% for the Blunderbuss)
PistolsGrease Gun, Sterling, Ribeyrolles, Erma EMP	100% 	76%
Submachine Guns(except the 4 aforementioned ones) 	100% 	72%
Melee 	100% 	N/A
RiflesSniper Rifles 	95% 	40%
Light Machine Guns 	92.5%(95% for the VMG 1927)	40%(38% for the GPMG)(28% for the Bren and Stinger)
Launchers 	90% 	40%
==Stances==
Stances are a position that the player's character assumes that has the capacity to affect their movement speed, accuracy, and fire exposure. The three stances have been common to the series since the first game.
*Standing: The player is fully standing and capable of moving at 100% of their mobility (defined as the base speed multiplied by the movement speed multiplier of the weapon). This stance is also the only stance in which the player can sprint. As a result, this stance is best when on the move or when it is necessary to move from cover to cover. However, while standing bullet spread is increased, and the player is a larger target to the enemy. In addition, standing players make noise when they run, which allows them to be heard by enemies.
*Crouching: The player is crouched to about half their height and moves at 60% of their base mobility. While the player moves slower, they are capable of taking advantage of cover that is about waist-height and their accuracy is increased. Crouching players do not make noise as they walk around (except in Modern Warfare 3), making it the best stance for sneaking up behind an enemy when there isn't much action going on to mask the sound of footsteps.
*Prone: The player is prone on the ground, and moves at 15% mobility. The player moves extremely slow, but they present a very small target to the enemy at longer ranges. Accuracy is also best when prone. Prone is best utilized to take full advantage of cover, when taking shots at targets farther away, or to minimize damage taken in close quarters combat. A crawling animation was introduced for the first time in Call of Duty: Finest Hour.
*Lifting: In certain situations, such as in "One Shot, One Kill" (a singleplayer mission in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare), the player must carry another character. While the player moves at 100% speed, the player is unable to fire a weapon, perform a melee attack, sprint, or vault over obstacles until the character has been put down.
*Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 was the last Call of Duty title to include Stance icons.
Stance stand.png|Standing icon
Stance sprint.png|Sprinting icon
Stance crouch.png|Crouching icon
Stance prone.png|Prone icon
== Health ==
A player's health is determined by the game mode being played.
*Normal (or Core in World at War, Call of Duty: Black Ops, and Black Ops II) mode health: 100
*Hardcore mode health (or Miniscule in Private Matches): 30
*Double health (or Old School in Call of Duty 4): 200
*Heavy Duty Mode (Ghosts) Health: 130
*Health regenerates after being hit and not killed, except in Hardcore and Old School, which do not feature health regeneration.
*Five seconds after surviving the most recent damage, all health is restored when normal health regeneration is on and maximum health is 100.
== Weapon and Explosive damage ==
Every weapon in the game deals a set amount of damage. As the range between the player and the target increases, damage is reduced until it reaches a set minimum amount. These charts show each weapons' damages, ranges and reload times, among other things.
The below charts are from DenKirson's blog, archived herehttps://web.archive.org/web/20130110080444/http://denkirson.xanga.com/.
===Call of Duty 4===
===Call of Duty: World At War===
===Modern Warfare 2===
Interactive Modern Warfare 2 Flash Chart
== Weapon Behavior ==
There are many more in depth statistics which determine weapon behavior.
===Hitscans===
One of the most important things to take note of is that guns in Call of Duty do not shoot projectiles. Instead, they shoot Hitscans, which are perfectly straight, infinitely thin lines that travel at an infinite velocity. All hitscans travel forever except for those fired from shotguns, which disappear at a set distance. This means that all weapons in Call of Duty, excluding weapons that obviously do not use hitscans, such as the RPG-7, and certain weapons in Zombies, are perfectly accurate at an infinite range while aiming down the sights. Misses are caused by idle sway, recoil, misaligned sights, spread, and lag. In Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019) however, all weapons use ballistic mechanics as opposed to hitscan for all weapons.
===Idle sway===
Idle sway is the movement of the weapon's sights without any input from the player. (In Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, all weapons now feature idle sway, where as previously only certain weapons had idle sway.) Idle sway is simply determined by two numbers; idle amount and idle speed. Idle amount refers to the radius where the weapon will naturally sway, while speed refers to the speed at which it moves around this area.
===Recoil===
Recoil is slightly more complex. Recoil is a combination of two factors; View Kick, Gun Kick. View Kick is determined by five numbers; maximum horizontal, minimum horizontal, maximum vertical, minimum vertical, and center speed. View kick will move the view of your camera when firing a weapon. Gun kick is similar to view kick, in that it has its own horizontal, vertical, and center speed figures which determine it's magnitude of kick. However, unlike view kick, gun kick moves the sights relative to the screen. Each weapon has its own set of numbers. 
 
Every time a shot is fired, the game randomly chooses two numbers, one for vertical recoil and one for horizontal recoil. These numbers will be in between the weapon's maximum and minimum values for each shot. If a number is positive, it is right or up, and if it is negative, it is left or down. Thus, if a weapon has a positive minimum value or a negative maximum value, it will always kick in that direction.
Of note are certain attachments which affect view kick and gun kick. The specific higher magnification scopes (Thermal, Variable Zoom, etc.) will affect gun kick. Because gun kick is the movement of a weapon model, it is entirely removed when aiming down these sights (since there is no weapon model to view). This is not the case in Ghosts, where gun kick will still be applied when aiming down these specific sights. In Ghosts and Advanced Warfare, Rapid Fire will also give an increase in view kick. 
====Center speed====
Center speed is how fast your view and sights reset between shots. It takes effect immediately upon firing, but during fully automatic fire there is usually too much recoil for the sights to completely re-center after each shot. Low recoil is a result of a high center speed, minimum and maximum numbers having low absolute values and balanced values on all sides, and the weapon's rate of fire.
It should be noted that some attachments (Grip, and various optical attachments) can change Center Speed, leading to a decrease or increase in recoil. This is also the case for Rapid Fire in Black Ops 2, which will decrease Center Speed by 15%.
===Time to Kill===
Time to Kill, usually abbreviated as TTK, is how long a gun takes to kill an enemy from the time the trigger is pulled until the target is dead. In many role-playing games, players use damage per second, or DPS, to determine a weapon's effectiveness. However, in a shooter such as Call of Duty, where everyone has equal health and firefights are very fast, it is far more beneficial to determine TTK than DPS to determine how fast a weapon could kill. However, due to the randomness of all gunfights it becomes an irrelevant factor unless you also calculate the probable misses which makes it a much more tedious process. To calculate a weapon's TTK, all that is needed are damage values and the delay between shots. For example, a gun that fires at 750 RPM has a delay between shots of .08 seconds. If that gun does 30 damage, it takes four shots to kill. The first shot comes out the instant the trigger is pulled, so the formula for determining a weapon's TTK is d(s-1), where d is the delay between shots and s is the number of shots needed to kill. This means that any weapon that kills in one shot will technically kill in zero seconds flat. Because most weapons lose damage over range, it can be necessary to perform multiple TTK calculations for a single gun. Beware that even a few missed shots will greatly increase a weapon's TTK, so it can be beneficial to plug in different amounts of misses using the formula d(s-1+m), where m is the number of misses. Weapons with low recoil are the most likely to actually reflect TTK with no misses.
== References ==
Category:Game Terms
Category:Gameplay mechanics