Hinduism in India

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|+style="font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;"|Indian Hindus
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|Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi Nandan Nilekani, Sunil Mittal, Aishwariya Rai Hrithik Roshan, Mukesh Ambani, Amitabh Bachchan
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!style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222);"|Total population
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|827,578,868 (2001)80.5% of the Indian Population
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!style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222);"|Regions with significant populations
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|Majority in all States except Jammu & Kashmir, Lakshadweep, North-East, Punjab
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!style="background-color: rgb(176, 196, 222);"|Languages
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Hindi Indian English Indian Languages
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|Hinduism by country Gurus and saints Reforms Criticism Calendar Hindu law Ayurveda Jyotisha Festivals Glossary Persecution
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|This box: view • talk • edit
|}Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 80.5% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus. The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to Vaishnavite and Shaivite denominations.
The Vedic culture originated in India between 2000 and 1500 BC. As a consequence, Hinduism, considered to be the successor of Vedic religion, has had a profound impact on India's history, culture and philosophy. The name India itself is derived from Greek Ἰνδία for Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River. Another popular alternative name of India is Hindustān, meaning the "land of Hindus".{|class="toc" id="toc"
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In response to the high rate of conversions during the British Raj, Hinduism in India and abroad (like Guyana and Suriname) underwent a series of reforms. The spearheading organisations being Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj. Religious leaders like Swami Vivekananda, Dayanand Saraswati, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sri Aurobindo and political leaders like Gandhi called for reform and complete turnover of the social structuring. Tulsidas, Sant Kabeer Das, Raidas, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu etc. were pioneer of the bhakti movement for the social reformation.
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The cause of revivalist Indian nationalism, as well as Hindu nationalism fueled these reforms. Hindu nationalism was aggressively promoted by freedom fighters like:
#Vinayak Damodar Savarkar - for the formation of a Hindu nation
#Bal Gangadhar Tilak - promoted Hindu festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali
#Purushottam Das Tandon - promoted Hindi as the national language of India
#Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - one of the main activists who struggled for Political integration of India
#S. Srinivasa Iyengar - worked hard to deliver a resolution upholding Hindu-Muslim unity, bringing about a temporary political agreement between the political leaders of the two communities
#Rabindranath Tagore - wrote the national anthem of India
#Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya- Established Kashi Hindu Vishwavidyalay (www.bhu.ac.in) in Varansi, a great seat of learning for modern science, technology, Dharma Vidya, etc. He was a lawyer, educator and politician. But, he was an exception to the realm of politics, as he left at the apex of his political career and to pursue a more active social service.
Others include: Lala Lajpat Rai, Sarojini Naidu, Syama Prasad Mookerjee, K.B. Hedgewar.
The 1947 Partition of India gave rise to bloody rioting and indiscriminate killing of Hindus and Muslims. This was a major factor in fueling Hindu-Muslim animosity. What followed over the years was the laying of secular principles in the Indian Constitution. The last 60 years have been relatively peaceful in most parts of the country except with the notable exception of communal riots in 1991 and 2002.
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The Hindu population of India according to the official 2001 census is given below. Most drastic decrease in 1991-2001 period is observed in Manipur, from 57% to 46%, where there has been a resurgence of the indigenous Sanamahi religion. For more detailed figures from 2001 census, see this table.{|class="wikitable sortable" id="sortable_table_id_0"
|Region  
|Hindus  
|Total  
|% Hindus  
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|India
|827,578,868
|1,028,610,328
|80.46%
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|Himachal Pradesh
|5,800,222
|6,077,900
|95.43%
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|Chhattisgarh
|19,729,670
|20,833,803
|94.70%
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|Orissa
|34,726,129
|36,804,660
|94.35%
|-
|Dadra and Nagar Haveli
|206,203
|220,490
|93.52%
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|55,004,675
|60,348,023
|91.15%
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|Daman and Diu
|141,901
|158,204
|89.69%
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|Gujarat
|45,143,074
|50,671,017
|89.09%
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|Andhra Pradesh
|67,836,651
|76,210,007
|89.01%
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|Rajasthan
|50,151,452
|56,507,188
|88.75%
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|Haryana
|18,655,925
|21,144,564
|88.23%
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|Tamil Nadu
|54,985,079
|62,405,679
|88.11%
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|Pondicherry
|845,449
|974,345
|86.77%
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|Tripura
|2,739,310
|3,199,203
|85.62%
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|Uttarakhand
|7,212,260
|8,489,349
|84.96%
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|Karnataka
|44,321,279
|52,850,562
|83.86%
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|Bihar
|69,076,919
|82,998,509
|83.23%
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|Delhi
|11,358,049
|13,850,507
|82.00%
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|Uttar Pradesh
|133,979,263
|166,197,921
|80.61%
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|Maharashtra
|77,859,385
|96,878,627
|80.37%
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|Chandigarh
|707,978
|900,635
|78.61%
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|West Bengal
|58,104,835
|80,176,197
|72.47%
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|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|246,589
|356,152
|69.24%
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|Jharkhand
|18,475,681
|26,945,829
|68.57%
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|Goa
|886,551
|1,347,668
|65.78%
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|Assam
|17,296,455
|26,655,528
|64.89%
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|Sikkim
|329,548
|540,851
|60.93%
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|Kerala
|17,883,449
|31,841,374
|56.16%
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|Manipur
|996,894
|2,166,788
|46.01%
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|Punjab
|8,997,942
|24,358,999
|36.94%
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|Arunachal Pradesh
|379,935
|1,097,968
|34.60%
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|Jammu and Kashmir
|3,005,349
|10,143,700
|29.63%
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|Meghalaya
|307,822
|2,318,822
|13.27%
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|Nagaland
|153,162
|1,990,036
|7.70%
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|Lakshadweep
|2,221
|60,650
|3.66%
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|Mizoram
|31,562
|888,573
|3.55%
|}
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*Ethics of Hinduism{|cellspacing="0" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; color: inherit;" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" id="collapsibleTable0"
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|style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;" class="navbox-group"|Sovereign states
|class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;"|Afghanistan · Armenia1 · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma2 · Cambodia · People's Republic of China · Cyprus1 · East Timor3 · Egypt4 · Georgia4 · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan4 · North Korea · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia4 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Republic of China5 · Thailand · Turkey4 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen
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|style="padding: 0.35em 1em; line-height: 1.1em;" class="navbox-group"|Dependencies,autonomies, other territories
|class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding: 0px; text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 100%;"|Aceh · Adjara1 · Abkhazia1 · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Altai · British Indian Ocean Territory · Buryatia · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Guangxi · Hong Kong · Inner Mongolia · Iraqi Kurdistan · Jakarta · Khakassia · Macau · Nagorno-Karabakh · Nakhchivan · Ningxia · Northern Cyprus · Palestine · Papua · Sakha · South Ossetia1 · Tibet · Tuva · West Papua · Xinjiang · Yogyakarta
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