Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate was a ruling dynasty of Egypt in Brazilian Mapping's Alternate History of Europe series. It was established after a rebellion in the 1250s against the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt.
== History ==
=== Sayf-ad-Din Barsbay ===
Barsbay became sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate in 1422. His predecessor, instead of choosing any of his sons, chose Barsbay, who had once been his slave. In 1430, a famine hit Egypt, so he spent the next few years recovering the nation and army. 
In 1445, he campaigned against the declining Ottoman Empire and found an unlikely ally: the Karamanid bey Ibrahim II, son of the Karamanid bey Mehmet, a man he had been friends with and at odds with for many years. After the war ended, he added a port near Rhodes (Muğla) and eastern Anatolia to his empire. He then campaigned against Libya, but was killed during the Battle of Sirt. His armies, unaware of his death, finished the conquest in 1448.
=== Sayf ad-Din Inal ===
Barsbay was succeeded by Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman, which was quickly and bloodlessy deposed due to his incompetence. Then rose to the throne Sayf ad-Din Inal in 1453. 6 years later, he attacked and annexed the last Ayyubid entity of Hisn Kayfa. Then in 1465, during the First Maghrebi War, Inal attacked the Sultanate of Tunis, who was weakened by the war against Tlemcen. Tunis was made a Mamluk vassal. The Karamanids, now the Sultanate of Rum, decided to distance themselves from the Mamluks and approach the Byzantines for an alliance instead. Due to the unpopularity that resulted from his wars, Sayf ad-Din Inal stepped down from power in 1468.
=== Sayf ad-Din Qaitbay ===
Once a slave to Barsbay, Sayf ad-Din Qaitbay succeeded Inal on January 31st, 1468. During his reign, he kept his people happy, and established relations with the Nerasids of Shiraz, who had recently unified Persia.
He then went to face his first true challenge: a war in Mesopotamia against Qara Qoyunlu, whose capital was Tabriz. The tribe of Black Sheep Turkmens was led by Jahan Shah, a ruler of unparalleled efficiency, who slowed down the Mamluk conquest greatly. Despite this, the Mamluks swiftly captured both Baghdad and Mosul, just as Jahan Shah was approaching Antioch from the northeast. The Battle of Antioch saw his death, however, and his successor was unable to keep stability within the confederation, thus rebels started to rise up in the east. The Usfurids invaded from the Gulf from 1472 onwards, and by 1473, Qara Qoyunlu had completely collapsed. In the closing treaty of Baghdad, in 1473, the Mamluks reaped the "Land Between Two Rivers", creating a puppet centred around Baghdad, and another Armenian puppet further north.
When Poland declared war on the dying Golden Horde in 1474, Qaitbay realised that he now ruled the strongest Muslim nation, so he declared the formation of the Sixth Caliphate:
"The Rashiduns, the Umayyads, the Abbasids, the Fatimids and the Almohads... all names that went into history. And now, the name of the sixth caliphate shall follow them... the Mamluk Caliphate."
- Mamluk Sultanate, 1474.
Category:Varna Countries