Absolutisme

Etymologia: Ex Kyrkslatin absolutus = "disbohndt, asadh". 
Definition: Type os gouvernement specific ad Europe ex id XVIt do id XVIIIt secule, quer id hol magh est tact inter ia ghesors al souverain. Id lexis absolutisme appareiht sert-ye (1830) kay kyuses id regime os absolut monarchia, yani etymologic-ye id "perfect" forme os monarchia. 
 Philip (Espaniol : Felipe) II os Espania, sayct "is Prudent" (1527-1598) buit roy os Espania ex 1556 tiel sieno mohrt, om Naples ed Sicilia ex 1554, ed os Portugal ed iom Algarves - ka Philip 1st - ab 1580, realisend-ye id tem iskwn dynastic union quod durit sixgim yars. Buit sam-ye roy om England ed Erin jure uxoris, per sien gham con Maria 1st, inter 1554 ed 1558. 
==Id progressive apparition os absolutisme (XVIt-XVIIIt secules)==
Kam maung politic systemes, absolutisme buit un praxis pre bihe un doctrine, ed idso teulgen might bihe ayt id riawdals ios progressive reduction os feudal dreupen ab un stets-ye swekwrer royal magh. Ids emergence est eti behndtu ei redefinition ios dayi Stat ab id politic men os Renaissance. Id deulct kathalika maung ei catholic ContraReformation, ayt-yod un centralisen ed staur monarchia ka un efficient gatye face ia progressa os Reformation : in tod sense, absolutisme est meg meis un fact os catholic Europe (Espania, France) quem os protestant Europe, quer id buit daydey contesten (England, Sveden). 
Id prest kwekmor absolut monarchia buit enplacet unte dwoter dwidel ios XVIt secule, in id Espania os Philip II. In France, id evolution kye absolutisme, kheissim yant ia regnes om Francesco Ist (1515-1547) ed Henric II (1547-1559), biht kyimen ab id crise iom Religion Weirs. Id restart sub Henric IV, yed ei Cardinal de Richelieu, minister os Ludvic XIII ex 1624 do 1642, est dulct id definitive institution ios absolutiste Stat. Unte sien long personal regne, ex 1661 do 1715, Ludvic (Louis) XIV dahsiet un sampurna forme tei "Awi Regime" quod siet dure tiel 1789. Porcsiet it uno model os gouvernement quod sient tente imite, samt meis au minter nassib, pleist europay souverains tiel id end ios XVIIIt secule. 
 Portrait os Ludvic XIV (Franceois : Louis Quatorze) in cronenstrakh af Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701). Ludvic XIV, sayct is "Sowel-Roy" (Fr. : le Roi-Soleil), gnaht in 1638 in id Château-Neuf os Saint-Germain-en-Laye ed mohrt in 1715 in Versailles, buit roy om France ed Navarre ex 1634 tiel sieno mohrt.
==Ia kweitus os absolutisme==
In sien praxis, absolutisme kweit med un tanken vasyen stieure attributs inter ia saul ghesors al souverain. Est neid separation iom maghs. Is roy se identifiet ei Stat : is kwehrt ed dostrinct id loy, est justicear ed chef iom armeen, is controlt ia public finances. Is respondt ant nimen ed quanto tyehct ex eys vol. Lakin - juristes insistent tod point - ne leit de tyrannia ar, hois, id action ios roy maght ses begruns tik ab id interesse ios Stat - quodghi est ayt uper iom - ed, ciois, ka Christian, is est personal-ye responsible de sien acts ant Div, quo enpandt eys wi Furkan. 
Absolutisme ghi, in sien auwal version, est inseparable ud un legitimitat sult ed garantiet ab Religion. Is roy est os divin ieus, eys magh iswehrt ex Div, quo est kyunggiawt in France ab id cronensceremonia, in Reims, quod inauguret ielg regne. Bossuet, in La Politique tirée des propres paroles de l'Ecriture Sainte (1709), siet radicalize tod theologic definition os absolutisme, presentend ia dynastias ka gentis elegen ab Div ed iens roys kam eys ministers Dighomi.
 Ois un familia ios awios burgundionios burgesia, Jecques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627-1704) studyet brilliant-ye bi iens Jesuits, in Dijon dind in id collège de Navarre in Paris. Is ghat Saint Vincent de Paul, iom defensor im paupers, qui bihsiet eyso prient ed mayster.
Hirotonisen in 1652 ed installen in Metz, is mukamt regular-ye in Paris ab 1656, quer eys precher talent hat skaunihn iom. In 1662, prechet id Quaresma sermon in id Louvre ant Ludvic XIV, qui iom beuwt hofmayster ios Dauphin ex 1670 do 1680. Bossuet tentet muschkil-ye budes id ment tos mediocre almen ed redact pro iom plur wehrgs, bayna qua id Discours sur l'histoire universelle. In 1681, biht taukilet Episkep os Meaux (sessiet lakaben "is Ornd os Meaux") quo is remansiet tiel sieno mohrt. 
Maschour ob sien sermons ed dauner orations, se engaget in iaschi debats os sien zaman. Darm partisan os gallicanisme, is defendt id magh ios Kyrk os France contra pappdem. Is tentet tyices un reconciliation con protestantisme - is correspondt besonters con Leibniz -, quod deuyst. Illustret-se in idschi polemique contra Fénelon ed quietisme. Conciliator in sien atmen, is quom La Bruyère kiel "iom Pater ios Kyrk" ne hat agen id major politic rol is habiet oistahalen.
==Id evolution os absolutisme==
Tod concept os divin ieuso sessiet contesten ye id XVIIIt secule. In uno mund quer id encausen iom dogmen ed quer ia Progressa os skepticisme disqualifient ia religieus references, absolutisme dehlct sib trehve nov legitimations. Ja ye id XVIIt secule, is Englisch Hobbes hieb justifiet id tik med id naudh unios nert Stat, lasim kay swekwehre id protection ed id salvtat im Individus. In uno nieber prospect antplehct id philosophia iom Lumens id theoria os exclarato despotism : tik un absolut magh enovert-pet progress contra ia reactionair forces os obscurantisme. Bedarsen ab raison ed ia radhs iom philosophs, el souverain seult sieno magh ed sien legitimitat ne ep sem illusor divin ieus, sontern ep id consensus tulct ambh sien dabron action ed sien kaur de public walses. Ia gouvernements os Friedrich II os Preussen (1740-1786), ios osterreichisch cesar Joseph II (1780-1790) ed as Catherine II os Russia (1762-1796) eiskwnt ses id expression tos layicisen version os absolutisme. 
Bet hatta beghis sien religieus legitimitat, absolutisme biht stets meis contestet ye id end ios XVIIIt secule. Id tanken os magh, id inexistence om diksreuls qua precide ids limites, id absence os cada control quod bungient i gouverneits sont assimilet ad arbitrair. Ei biht oppost id Rectstat sulen ep contractual institutions, kam id Britisch monarchia au, dar meis deursic, id yun US democratia, models qua challenge vasya formes os absolut monarchia, pati exclarato despotisme. 
Id 1789 Franceois Revolution beirt in tod sense un fatal cut ad absolutisme esdi i theoretics os Contrarevolution ed, in 1815, ies victors os Napoleon samghat unte id Vienna Congress tentent salve ids prabhil. Senter ghi hat biht udzamant : util unte id perigumt ios feudal societatios do id moderne Stat, absolutisme biht obsolete quando ia structures tos Stat hant esen enplacen ed quan id sul os politic legitimitato stopt ses divin vol kay bihe popules souverainitat.