George Boole

George Boole (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was an English mathematician, philosopher and logician. He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and is now best known as the author of The Laws of Thought. Boole said:
... no general method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities can be established which does not explicitly recognize ... those universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning ...
== Tossup Questions ==
# He chose 1 as a logical symbol for everything in the universe, so if a set of items is x, then everything outside of x can be expressed as 1-x. The results of one of his functions can be transformed into a logic function or logic gates, or expressed in a truth table. One of his expressions can be used to form a function with a value of true or false. These expressions contain operators like XOR, OR, and AND, along with set theory, to represent logical operations in mathematical form. For ten points, name this British mathematician, whose operators are critical to computer science.
# Schaefer's dichotomy theorem applies to his namesake satisfiability problem, an early NP- complete problem, and his namesake inequality relates probabilities of several events in metric spaces. The satisfiability problem examines whether variables can be assigned so as to make a certain formula evaluate to one. His now most-noted work originally did not garner much notice, but Claude Shannon's MIT master's thesis written 70 years later brought his namesake math into the forefront of the design of telephone relay systems. His branch of mathematics now includes DeMorgan's Laws and is often used with sets and bits. Identify this British creator of an algebra dealing with truth and falsehood and logical operations in which variables often can equal only zero or one.