EU Charta iom Sulrects

Id promotion om menscenrects in Europe gwehmt historic-ye ender id competence ios Concil os Europe per besonters ia bungsa assignen ei Europay Curt iom Menscenrects. Tik destull marginal-ye nundiens esti zaruri ei Europay Union promove sulrects. Smad yed mehmihes od pon id Amsterdam Traiteit, id behandneut un competence kay jidale protie cada discrimination sulen ep sexe, race au ethnic origin, religion au convictions, handicap, oumer au sexual orientation (Art. 19 Traiteito de Functionment ios Europay Union [TFEU]). Lakin est id protection iom sulrects un central question os EU-ieus. Preter, tik ia Stats qua respece menscenrects poitte bihe EU-members, ed, hatta pos ir accession existent mecanismes qua swekwehrnt ke respectent ia wirts udwekwnen in Article 2 ios Traiteitios de Europay Union (TEU). Bilhassa, wawod EU institutions ed organs producent diksacts we ids Memberstats permeide kay enover EU normes, bihti tun iskwt id werd ios respect iom sulrects ab ta different diksnormes. In-kap, tod questiono ne eet druve-ye betolct ab ia different constitutive traiteits. Nuntos exist id EU Charta iom Sulrects. Eti, id skadh ios Europay Curtios de Menscenrects naswehbht uper id EU. 
Texte ios Charta in vasya EU official bahsas ploisko Horvat 
==Id rol ios Curt os Justice==
Yant id end iom 1960tias, id Curt os Justice hat inclus id protection iom sulrects do ia general prabhils os EU ieus (CJEC, 12 november 1969, Erich Stauder adv. Urb Ulm; CJEC, 17 december 1970, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH adv. Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel). To eet depens ab id legitimitat ios Europay Economic Communitat. Bilhassa, to permiss distaraghe ia obstacles ei primatia os EU ieus antplohcen in id Federal Respublic Deutschland ab i tarafdars ios theoria ios strukturelle Kongruenz. Sekwent tod doctrine, id Communitat skul respecte ia sulrects kam garantiet ab id Sulleg ios 8 mai 1949 ed, in ia hypotheses quer to ne eet id fall, id Deutsch Constitutional Curt poittiet controle ia secundar ieus acts kun bihient dostrigen do id deutscho diksaurdhen. Tod argumentar bihsiet eti emto tsay ab id Constitutional Curt in idso jurisprudence Solange I (29 mai 1974). 
Kay sbringhes ta general diksprabhils protector iom sulrects, id Curt buit inspiren ab ia constitutional traditions commun ibs Memberstats. Tod baygh vagh formule permiss ei Curt symbolic-ye homage ia Constitutions iom Memberstats ed sammel conserve uno mier maneuvre marge de id determination ed id signification iom protegen sulrects. Ab 1974, kun France bad ratifiet id Europay Convention iom Menscenrects, id Curt judcet kathalika od ia international instruments de protection om menscenrects hant-ya ia Memberstats accedden we hant-yibs cooperen iti maghe yaschi dadwtum deikens. (CJEC, 14 mai 1974, J.Nold, Kohlen- und Baustoffgrosshandlung adv. EC Commission). Sekwos to, se refersiet express-ye ei Europay Convention de Menscenrects (CJEC, 28 october 1975, Roland Rutili adv. Minister ios Interior) ed ei recogneihsiet un "particular signification" (CJEC, 18 juno 1991, Ελληνικη Ραδιοφωνια Τηλεοραση ΑΕ και Πανελληνια Ομοσπονδια Συλλογων Προσωπικου adv. Δημοτικη Εταιρεια Πληροφορηση και Σωτηριος Κουβελλας και Νικολαος Αβδελλας ed alyi). Ids maneuvre marge dia id Europay Convention iom Menscenrects esti sigwra meg minter mier quem dia ia commun constitutional traditions. Id Curt, ploisko exception, protect ia sulrects kam interpretet ab id Europay Curt iom Menscenrects. Tod solution, widt pro ia general diksprabhils, naduret in id quader ios interpretation ios Charta.
left TV 100,ios Δημοτικη Εταιρεια Πληροφορηση, buit Hellads prest non-statal TV, sulen ab Soterio Koubellas, tun weikspoti Thessalonikis. Id CJEC hieb judcen od ia Statsmonopols autorisen ab EU ieus dohlg respecte leudher wekwos pro alters.
==Id evolution iom traiteits==
Id Curt os Justice hiebit protect ia sulrects via ia general diksprabhils bi-sabab id silence iom dehtortexten. Id Europay integration est preter un project os economic integration quod enplacit un communo mercat. Esdi sem sulrects wohs in ia ortraiteits, eent angh-ye bohndt ei economic camp (leudher kwehlen im orbatern, prabhil os non-discrimination ob nationalitat, prabhil os egal remuneration inter gwens ed wirs). 
Ia revisions iom traiteits hant preter homagen id jurisprudence ios Curt os Justice : preter id preambule ios Europay Wahid Act ed bilhassa dind id Maastricht Traiteit. In Article F TEU (bihn 6 TEU), est ischbat od id Union respectet ia sulrects, kam garantien ab id Europay Convention os salvguardia iom menscenrects ed sullures, signen in Rome dien 4 november 1950, ed kam resultent ex ia constitutional traditions commun ibs Memberstats, ka diksprabhils os communitar ieus. Id Amsterdam Traiteit hat richerihn kathalika id preambule ios traiteitios de Europay Union rischbatend-ye id amor iom Memberstats ed ios Union dia ia social sulrects kam definiht in id Europay Social Charta ios 18 October 1961 (widt in id quader ios Concil os Europe ed in id Communitar Charta iom Social Sulrects im Orbatern ios 8o december 1989. 
Bad, in 2000, id redaction ios Charta iom Sulrects duct ad beghabe id Uniono med ids presto scriben catalog om sulrects.
== Elaboration ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
In sien conclusions, id Europay Concil os Cologne iom 3 ed 4 jun 1999 advoquet id redaction os un charta iom sulrects pro id Europay Union quod tehrbiet bihe elaboren eni un gordos ex representers im Raysen ed Waldhions ed ios President ios EU Commission tem quem members ios EU Parlament ed iom national parlaments. Tod proposen wardht eni id legitimationsprocess ios Union, ka diksunion, muadeb dia sulrects. Eti, id elaboration uns catalog om sulrects contribuet ir accessibilitat ed id dikssecuritat im EU civs. 
Id mandat os redaction ios codificationsinstrument iom sulrects buit betrust ei Convention de id Charta iom Sulrects, composen ex penkdem representers im Raysen ed Waldhions, trigim representers iom national parlaments, sixdem representers ios EU Parlament ed oin representer ios Commission. Ka observers, eentschi assocyen ibs orbats dwo representers ios Curt os Justice ed ios Concil os Europe. Fin-ye, buir klut sem members ios EU Economic ed Social Concil, ios Regionen Comitee, is Europay Ombudsman, representers iom lands Medyios ed Eust Europe qua ye tod zaman hieb id status os candidat, experts, representers om non-gouvernemental organisations. Idschi civil societat buit assocyen ibs orbats per id organisation uns consultation ep Internet, permittend kwehre suggestions ed commentes. Id cheus uns talg elaborationsmethode contrastet con ia classic elaborationsmodus iom traiteits, qua bihnti daydey betrusen im diplomatic representers iom Memberstats. Id Convention hat biwohrct in December 1999 ed hat uperdeht sien texte projecto dien 2 October 2000, quod bihsiet signen ab ia Memberstats.
 Signature ios EU Charta iom Sulrects dien 21 December 2007.
== Dikswirt ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
Validet ab id Europay Concil os Biarritz in October 2000, id Charta iom Sulrects vibiht proclamet in Nice dien 7 december 2000. Todmen proclamation uperwehrt id approbation iom Memberstats ed iom institutions dia id texte, id de nischant idschi diweiden om certain Memberstats de ei recognihes un dwinghend diksforce chunke niet bihe object uns ratificationsprocess. Dien 12 december 2007, biht widen ab iens presidents ios EU Commission, ios EU Parlament ed ios Concil ios Europay Union, ka interinstitutionalo playct, quo nischant ir politic homologhia de respecte id bet ne hat dik-ye wajib force. 
Bi-sabab id deuysen ios traiteit establiend un Constitution pro Europe, quo integrit id Charta iom Sulrects do sien IIt part, med id Lisboa Traiteit hassilet id Charta un dwinghend dikswirt. Article 6§1 ios TEU refert ei Charta iom Sulrects ed ei recogneiht "id sam dikswirt quem ibs traiteits".
 Id Charta ghehldt pro vasya EU Memberstats ploisko Polska quod hiebit budt ad bihe excluden ex ids applicationscamp, kam Chesko (quod hat tyohgvt entrim) ed id Uniet Roydem (quod hat likwn id Union dien 1st Februar 2020).
== Material dimension ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
Ia rects includen in id Charta iom Sulrects resulte ex ia constitutional traditions ed ia international traditions ed ia international obligations commun ibs Memberstats, ex id Europay Convention de salvguardia iom menscenrects ed sullures, ex ia Social Chartas widen ab id Union ed id Concil os Europe, tem quem ex id jurisprudence ios Curt os Justice ios Europay Union ed ios Europay Curt iom Menscenrects. Bi-sabab sien recent kweit, id Charta iom Sulrects comprindti tem sulrects os presto generation (civil ed politic rects), dwoto generation (economic ed social rects) ed trito generation (solidaritatsrects). Comprindt semschi rects in diemen con id antslehnken iom nov technologias (bioethique, personal data...). Id Charta iom Sulrects tyeicti yinjier un synthese, anancend uno muassir daftar iom sulrects eni id Europay Union ed weitwoddend id indivisibilitat iom Menscenrects. Ia rects consecret ab id Charta sont articulet in septa titules. 
* Titule I : "Decos" in articles 1 do 5, consecret id rect ei respect os menscdecos, ed rect ad gwit, id rect ad personal salvtat, id ban os torture au inhuman au degradanta schtrafs au traitements ed id ban om sclaverie ed deforce orbat. 
* Titule II : "Lures" consecret besonters id rect ad lure ed securitat (Art.6), ei respect om privatia ed familial gwit (Art.7), ei protection iom daten samt personal kweit (Art.8), om ghame ed sules un familia (Art.9), ad leudher wekwos ed information ed information (Art.11), auti id asyle rect (Art.18) ed id rect ad protection in fall os dalgeihsa, expulsion ed extradition (Art.19)
* Titule III : "Egalitat" comprindt id rect ad egalitat (Art.20), ad non-discrimination (Art.21), ei respect om cultural, religieus ed linguistic diversitat (Art.22), ia rects al magv (Art.24)
* Titule IV : "Solidaritat" udwekwnt ia social rects kam id rect ei information ed ei consultation im orbatern eni id entreprise (Art.27), id rect om negociation ed collective actions (Art.28), id rect uni protection in fall os injustifien rukhsa (Art.30), id rect ad access ad social securitat ed imdadh (Art.34), id rect ei protection os sieune (Art.35)
* Titule V : "Civstand" comprindt rects dayir ia relations inter daulat ed individus, awien ka ia possibilitats om control ed participation im individus dia id daulat, kam rects classic-ye assocyet ei EU civstand ab ia traiteits (rect uni gohd administration, accessrect ibs documents, petitionsrect...)
* Titule VI : "Justice" concernt ia rects de access ad justice, qua depende ia naudhs applicable ad justice, ed ia garanties bugen ab el justiciable, kam id rect uni effective recurs ed ad accedde un rhayr-mutaasib tribunal (Art.47), id rect os innocence presumption ed ei respect iom rects es alect (Art.48), ia dasturs om legalitat ed proportionalitat iom delicts ed schtrafs (Art.49), id rect mae bihe judcen ni punihn penal-ye dwis ob un sam infraction (Art.50)
* Titule VII mathmount bewehkwens de interpretation ed application ios Charta. 
== Formal dimension ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
Id Charta iom Sulrects enderkweit inter ia rects ed ia prabhils, quo dreibht consequences de ir invocabilitat ant EU ed innerstat jurisdictions. Sekwent article 52§2 CSR, ia bewehkwens cios Charta qua mathmoune prabhils poitte bihe enovert med legislative ed executive acts emen ab ia EU institutions, organs ed organismes ios Union, in id bungos iren respective competencen. Ir invocation ant el judce est admiss tik pro id interpretation ed id legislationschehxen talgen acts.
Id major part iom bewehkwens ios Charta udwekwnt subjective rects. Sontghi os direct effect. Ia articles ios Charta qua punor edice un prabhil ne sont os direct effect ed poittent dughes tik un exclusionseffecto dia ia innerstat bewehkwens au ta ios EU qua enovernt ia. Also, articles 25, 26 ed 37 CSR mathmoune prabhils, ed ia articles 23, 33 ed 34 CSR recogneihnt sammel un rect ed formule un prabhil.
== Applicationscamp ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
Sekwent Article 51 ios TFEU, ia bewehkwens cios charta betrehve ia EU institutions, organs ed organismes in id respect ios subsidiaritat, tem quem ia Memberstats wahid-ye kun enovernt EU ieus. 
Id notion os "enover" est yinjier determinant kay definihes id material applicationscamp ios Charta dia ia Memberstats. Buit precis ab id Curt os Justice. Zielt wiswa national meids emen in application os EU ieus. Comprindti ne tik ia national meids emen in dostriction om EU xiseys, betschi ta intervenend do un xeimen quod est object uns EU xisey we qua deroge EU ieus (CJEU, 26 februar 2013, AAklagaren adv. Hans AAkerberg Fransson). Kemti ia explications ios Charta, id Curt os Justice daht it ei Charta id sam applicationscamp quem ibs diksprabhils.
 Peiskers apo Haparanda, Sveden. Hans AAkerberg Franssson eet un peisker tos sam region makhkoumiht ob fiscal fraud ye un prest ker ant un fiscal tribunal, dind penal-ye ab un alyo. Is kyuk id non bis in idem dastur includen bo in id Europay Convention de Menscenrects ed in id EU Charta. Id EU Curt mehmihsit od EU ieus hiebit prioritat.
== Interpretation ios EU Charta iom Sulrects ==
=== Ia explications ios Charta ===
Kemti un destull frequent praxis unte id elaboration iom international traiteits, id Charta buit beghaben samt un explicative report quod buit in-kap-ye pagen ab id Conventionspraesidium elaborevs id Charta. Tod report buit poskwo adaptet ab id praesidium ios EU Convention de Europes future. Sekwent Article 52§7, ia explications elaboren kay guide id interpretation cios Charta dehbhent bihe bespohcen ab ia jurisdictions ios EU ed iom Memberstats. Id Curt ne keunct eti de se refere ibs (CJEU, 26 februar 2013, AAklagaren adv. Hans AAkerberg Fransson).
=== Id Europay Convention iom Menscenrects ===
Sekwent Article 52§3, wawod cid Charta mathmount rects correspondend rects garantiet ab id Europay Convention os salvguardia iom menscenrects ed sullures, ir sense ed schaecheing sont ia sams qua ibs confert senter Convention. 
Tod bewehkwen ne obstaht mae id ieus ios Union ibs ijapt un extenser protection. 
Tod bewehkwen beuwt sien id jurisprudence ios Curt os Justice dayir ia general diksprabhils quod interpretet ia sulrects ios Union ye un weidos analog ei Europay Curt iom Menscenrects, ne hesitend de udwekwne senters falls in ia grunds om sien wi fayssals. 
=== Ia national constitutions ===
Menxu est aisic pro id Curt os Justice refere-se ei Europay Convention de Menscenrects ka interpreten ab id Strasbourg Curt, id bespehcen iom Constitutions ed iom jurisprudence qua hamrahnt ia esti delicater, besonters bi-sabab ir multiplicitat ed ir eventual discordances. 
Idghi werden os Article 52§4 remant vagh : wawod cid Charta recogneiht sulrects kam ta resulte ex ia constitutional traditions commun ibs Memberstats, ta rects dehlge bihe interpreten in harmonia con saygen traditions. Id Curt os Justice conservet yinjier un plaut marge os maneuver. Id magno difficultat concernt in praxis id hypothese quer un Constitution ananciet un hoger protectionstandard quem id Charta.
 Makhkoumihn do dec yars prison in sien land, is Italian swindler Stefano Melloni hieb fugen ed tupen do Espania. Quando buit arresten in senter land, Melloni sigwrit is ne poiss bihe prodahn do Italia sei, kemti Espaniol ieus, eys lando ne ei rekwehriet un nov mahel. Bet id EU Curt os Justice kohns od id application os Espaniol ieus yuct ei EU Charta khiek deuysihes id dostriction alyios EU ieus bewehkwen quod previs un auncondition prodahsa inter EU Stats. Melloni vibuit prodahn ad Italia in 2014.
== Id combination ios Charta con alter instruments protector iom Menscenrects ==
Sekwent Article 53 ios CSREU, neid bewehkwen cios Charta poitt bihe tolken ka limitend we schinghayndo ia menscenrects ed sullures recogniht, in ira respective applicationscamps, ab EU ieus, international ieus ed ia international conventions sont-yom parties id Union, au vasya Memberstats, ed besonters id Europay Convention de Menscenrects ed Sullures, tem quem ab ia constitutions iom Memberstats.
Id magno difficultato ne concernt id Europay Convention de Menscenrects wawod id Charta dehlct bihe tolct ab id Curt os Justice kemti id jurisprudence ios Europay Curt iom Menscenrects. 
Article 53 CSREU maghiet bihe tolken ka permittend privilege uno national Constitution protectorer ye id detriment ios Charta. Un solg "favorsprabhil" ne buit admiss ab id Curt os Justice quod tyeict uno meg rigoreuser tolken os Article 53 CSREU. In ia hypotheses kun un secundar ieus act biht ayt conform ei Charta, ne est possible arke ids application in id nam uns protectorer bewehkwen unios national Constitution (CJEU, 26 februar 2013, Stefano Melloni adv. Ministerio fiscal). Tod solution esti justifien ab id Curt in id nam ios primatia dastur. Article 53 CSREU hat yinjier nel-ye schinghayn id EU orthodoxia.
 Plav ios tyrkios compagnie Bosphorus Airways. Unte id Yugoslavia weir, Erin hieb sacen ep un eirean airport un plav tos compagnie, plav-yod id hieb stajern ud un Yugoslav compagnie. Api, un EU reglament, emen in dostriction uns resolution ios Uniet Nations Concil os Securitat, wohl sacihes Yugoslav plav. Id Europay Curt iom Menscenrects kohns eet neid violation ios Convention ab Erin, wawod EU ieus anacit guaranties "equivalent" tibs ios Convention.
== Id control ios Europay Curt iom Menscenrects ep id Europay Union ==
Wawod id Uniono ne est partie ei Convention, id Curt poitt tik se declare incompetent ratione personae sei un haja anacen ei concernt id Union. 
Se declaret punor competent sei id haja est direct adversus uno Memberstat ed sei tod violation oriet ex ia EU constitutive traiteits. Tod solution est alnos coherent wawod id traiteit est un act imputable ei Stat (ECMR, 18 Februar 1999, Matthews adv. Uniet Roydem). 
Id magno difficultato concernt ia national meids emen in dostriction os EU ieus. Id Curt se recogneiht competent ratione personae wawod leitti de un statal act, bet limitet sien control. In un re quer EU ieus eet in cause, id Curt hat judcet od sei id organisation ananct un protectionsnivell iom sulrects "equivalent" tei ios Convention, tun est id Stat presumpt respecte ia naudhs ios Convention sei tik dostrinct ia obligations oriend ex sien bayghen ab tod organisation. Id presumption poitt lakin bihe volviht in ia hypotheses quer id protection esiet "aschikar-ye rhayr-kafi" (ECMR, 30 Jun 2005, Bosphorus Airways adv. Erin). 
Kay tod jurisprudence poitta tyehce, est necessar od id Europay Curt ayt id Stat behansit neid kehnsensmarge in id enover os EU ieus. Tetos, id Europay Curt iom Menscenrects biht ineluctable-ye nihn ad interprete EU ieus. Solg buit id fall in un re de asyle rect in-yod eent in cause Belgia ed Hellad. Ia belg autoritats in dostriction os reglament adadho 343/2003 ios Concil ios 18 Februar 2003 "establiend ia criteria ed mecanismes os determination ios Memberstat responsible ios chehxen uns asyle eiskwen presenten in oino iom Memberstats ab un statan ex un Tertstat" hieb yisen un asyleiskwer tsay do Hellad quayque eet suagnoht od id preimijadh im asyleiskwers tos Stat misgnohsit Article 3 ECMR. Bi-sabab ia systemic kussours existend in Hellad, id Europay Curt iom Menscenrects kehnst od Belgia habiet dohlgen invoque un bewehkwen os reglament adadho 343/2003 permittend eiswo chehxe id asyleiskwen (ECMR, 21 Januar 2011, M.S.S. adv. Belgia & Hellad). Id Curt os Justice hat buwt sien tod solution oik munts serter (CJEU, 21 December 2011, N.S. adv. Secretary of State for the Home Department & M.E. & alyi adv. Refugee Applications Commissioner & Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform).