Spain

The Kingdom of Spain was a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Its capital was Madrid. It was bordered by France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay to the North; to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea.
Once a great imperial power controlling valuable possessions across the Americas, Africa, and Asia, by the 19th century the Spanish Empire was a shadow of its former self. Riven by social divisions and a conflict between modernizers and conservatives, Spain was one of Europe's poorest and least-developed countries. Its increasing irrelevance on the global stage was cemented in 1898, when it lost most of its remaining colonies to the United States after an embarrassing loss in the Spanish-American War.
== Largest cities ==
* Madrid (capital)
* Barcelona
* Seville
* Valencia
* Zaragoza
== People ==
* López
* Juan Murillo
* Pablo de Sarasate
== Canon appearances ==
=== The Adventure of the Red-Headed League ===
Holmes and Watson go to hear a concert by the Spanish violinist Pablo de Sarasate.
=== The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge ===
Aloysius García is originally believed to be Spanish. John Scott Eccles inquires at the embassy of Spain while trying to find him.
Later, it is revealed fleeing a revolt against his rule in Central America, dictator Juan Murillo landed in Barcelona in 1886 with his two daughters and secretary López. He then moved on to Madrid, before leaving for Rome and eventually settling in the United Kingdom.
After Murillo's identity is discovered by Sherlock Holmes and under threat of assassination by relatives of victims of his bloody rule, he fled England with López for continental Europe. Eventually he and his secretary resettled in Spain, where they lived under assumed names as the "Marquess of Montalva" and "Señor Rulli". Both were found murdered six months after leaving England in a room of the Hotel Escorial in Madrid. Their murder was blamed on nihilists, and the culprits were never captured.
=== The Adventure of the Three Gables ===
Isadora Klein is described by Holmes as being of pure Spanish descent, of the blood of the old Conquistadors. Nevertheless, her family had lived in Pernambuco, Brazil, for several generations.
== Sherlock Holmes (2009 film) ==
At some point a valuable portrait by Diego Velázquez was stolen from the King of Spain. Although unable to prove it, Sherlock Holmes believed the theft to be the work of Irene Adler, and kept a newspaper clipping recounting the incident in his file on Irene.
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Category:Countries
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