Islami civilisation

Etymologia: Ex id arab إسلام, "taslimen (dia Div)". 
Definition: Islam est pos christianisme id dwot miersto religion ois id sam stub : Yahadut. Tod gendeltat kweit ia Yudi, Christian ed Muslim Religions ka "abrahami", chunke trans ir differences, ta tri Monotheismes yazgent iom sam Div, tom os Abraham, atav im Ibris. Islam kyeust yaschi wiswa lands in qua tod religion est majoritar-ye dyint. 
XVIIt secule Ottoman kip ex un Ilkhani original ios XIVt secule deikend Muhammad swehrnd sien sensto sermon. Daydey, Muslims ne keipe Muhammads lige au tik apter un kehlder. Muhammad (محمد) est is prophet ed dehtor os Islam. Sekwent id Muslim doctrine, is eet Divs messager, yisen kay confirme ia essential talims os monotheisme prechen prever ab Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, ed alyens prophets. Is est ayt ka is final prophet in vasya magna branches os Islam. Muhammad unicit Arabia do oin Stat ed swekwohr od eys talims, dyinsta, ed id Coran skeipe id base ios Islami religieus cred. 
==Prophet Muhammad (570-632)==
Islamo gnahsit ye id VIIim secule, eni vagder teuts Arabias, qua eent tun polytheiste. Idso dehtor est prophet Muhammad, gnahn circum 570 in Makka ed nihtor om camellcaravans quom eys safers hieb dehn in contacto con Christians ed Yudis. Is preimt quargimat id illumination ed biprechet id doctrine quod sessiet niscriben do id saint buk os Islam : id Coran. Chassen ab Makkas weikers, is endergwehmt do Medina in 622 : tod exile (id Hijra) est id startpointo ios muslim era. Staur dank i kathire partisans qui tun iom rallient, Muhammad reict Makka triumphal-ye in 630. Quan is mehrt in 632, pleist arab teuts hant-se ja convers.
==Id muslim expansion (VIIt-VIIIim secules)==
Inkapt tun un staunos-ye oku expansion. Ies arab reiders abkreigent ia nieber lands kay propage id novo fid. Unte ia westsa sekwos id mohrt ios Prophet, Suria, Palestine, Misro bihnt rohft ex id Rhomay Imperium menxu id Parsi Imperium collapt. Ia submiss folks convertent-se en masse ed joine id abreiden iom arab jenchis. Westi, Nord Africa biht krict ye id end ios VIIt secule; in 711, ia muslim armees upermarche id strett os Gibraltar, occupe id quasi hol Iberic peninsule ed penetrent Gallia. Eusti, nakent Hind ed id Chinese synor. 
Bet medsu id VIIIim secule, id elano nilent : ies muslims deuyse dwis ant Constantinople; penetrent neter id Chinese mund, ni Hind; ed, in 732, bihnt bat in Poitiers ab id frank heir os Charles Martel. Eti, ia immensitat ed diversitat ios krict rewos intedehnt id skeipen uns politic Imperium. Ex Dimaschk, dind Bagdad, ies khalifas, successors ios Prophet, hant un tik nominal autoritat uper ia kathire muslim rigs qua se creent ex Espania do Turkestan. 
Fin-ye, un scission hat prohpt, gohnt origin-ye ab un contestation de id succession iom khalifas, bet quod hat profunderasct ye id religieus nivell. I sunnis, plaut-ye majoritar, sigwrnt wehse eni id seid ligne regen ab iom Prophet (id سنة) menxu i dyindars os Schiya (Schiyis) antplehce uno meis mystic kheissasia os Islam. Tod fracture hat naduren nuntro. 
 Panorama ios Masjid al-Haram quod perambht id Kaaba ambh quod waurgent ies hagis ed kye quod vasyi muslims volge kay gvehde cadadien. Makka (مكة) est un citad in id Hijase region os Saudi Arabia quodschi est dorghi ios Makka region. Id citad lyehct 70 km inland ex Jidda in un angh dal ye 277 meters hog uper marnivell, ed 340 km suder quem Medina. Ids permanent population mikdart takriban 2 millions, quayque visitors meis quem triplent tod numer ielg yar unte id hagilic muttend in id dwodemt Muslim menot.
==Ia sababs ios success os Islam==
Ia facil victorias iom Muslims ghehde bihe expliet med id exhaustion iom dwo mier Stats ies drehde : bo id Parsi Imperium ed id Rhomay Imperium sielg un plursecule confrontation. Bet est minter evident ma id krig buit sohkwn quasi quantloc, ed aun druv dwinegh, ab un en masse conversion iom populations : Christians os Orient, Africa au Espania, Mensdehyazgis os Pars hant-se buwt muslims. 
Aundwoi tehrpt ses vis ter id reaction om pledvehs menlusen ab religions samt complexe doctrines, samt savant theologias, quom subtilesses pinwnt ia controverses iom adibs, yed udmehne i popules leuds, qui kwahnt ex ta tik ia ghyalir politic consequences. Islami dyin est simple : pro sien Furkan sont kafi habe fid in iom wadid Div, Allah, mehlde ei penkwes cadadien, submitte-se ei yarfast Ramazan, ses genereus med almujnas ed parkwehre, bilkull, un hagilic do Makka, id urb ios Prophet. Neter sont complicat rites, ni desconcertanta dogmes, kam id Trinitat, oin Div in tri formes.
 
Togick banknote samt portrait os Avicenna ( أبو علي الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا ) So liek, physiste, philosoph, juriste, mathematiquer, astronom ed alchemiste gnahsit in 980 prokwem Bukhoro ed mohr in 1037 in Hamadan (nundiens Iran).
==Un brillianto civilisation==
Sei id arab imperium politic-ye ne exist, un cultural area, punor, se hat definiht in yod se paydrwnt baygh oku un brillianto civilisation. Ex id VIIIim do id XIIt secule, ids arg udbrillyet tod ios rhomay civilisation ed, nespekent id religieus antagonisme, contribuet plaut-ye id sbeuden ios Christian Occident. 
Idghi arab krig hat covohrn ia awst-ye civiliset lands os Asia ed ios Mediomar mund. Inkaptos, id arab-muslim civilisation hat wohsen gawoun uns fabuleus intellectual heritage. Id ei hat dadwn id neud uns commun bahsa, arab, universalisen do id hol cultural area ob id est Corans bahsa, ed ithan Divs bahsa quod nel muslim maght ignore. Is hat katha skipen id double synthese, kamyapto dank id arabo brinegh, unios menghia multiplen hellen, parsi, hindi gnohsas, edschi uns kowpen om technic sagvens yando tarikhend tsay tiel Uber Antiquitat. Eti Medieval Islam esend tolerant, besonters dia i "leuds ios Buk" (Yudis ed Christians), ed ouvert ad paurskens ed speculations, ia muslim urbs (Dimaschk, Bagdad, Bukhoro, El Kahira, Còrdoba...) hant bihn locs om samghats ed intense intellectual exchanges. 
Id arab-muslim civilisation hat antplohct un original art, dienghia music ed poesis : ye id VIIim secule, Laylas "Majnoun" creet id theme os perlieubhen quod siet inspire id curtese literature os occidental Mediev. Ye id Xt secule biht prose richer med id Basmenkitab Gheslum Oina Nocts. Id arab-muslim civilisation hat yaschi sagven trage brungos ex ia astronomic, mathemathic, medical hassiles os Antiquitat ed prolonge ia : idge, mathalan, invent algebra (الجبر). Per id, ed sub forme om arab tarjems hant i Occidentals aunstohct i mentors ed mathematiquers os Awo Hellad (Aristoteles, Ptolemayos, Pythagoras, Euclid...).Tetos id latinisation, Medievi, iom nams om namic muslim mualims au philosophs kam Avicenna au Averroes.
 Statue os Averroes in Còrdoba (nundiens Espania) quer is gnahsit in 1126. So andaluth philosoph ed liek, mayster in muslim ieus, mathematique ed astronomia, mohr in Marrakech in 1198.
==Id comstrehbhen (XIt-XIIIt secules)==
Ab id XIIt secule, id arab-muslim mund est confrontet uni serie om ruinous ordeils. Preter ia drehdens ed plunders unte ia Cruceades, dind ia invasions ex Asia (Tyrks, Mongols) : in 1258, Bagdad biht priden ed destrugen. Menxu id Occident "oistart ub", id muslim civilisation se forgreddt ed trendt se comstrehbhe ambh sien religieus dimension, abveicend ud id philosophic reflexion ed id scientific gwayt quer id hieb excellt. 
Ye ia XVt ed XVIt secules, menxu id Renaissance preparet in Europe id emergence om moderne rationalitat, Technique ed geographic expansion, Islam - speit id regain om stieure ed prestige skipen ab id Ottoman Empire - se stets menbehndt, ye id cultural nivell, do tradition ed id dyeia siens prev. Tod lipsen mulakat con modernitat, yugen ad socio-politic factors (weirs, dynastic rivalitats...), siet vyiges gwaur in id historia ios muslim civilisation. Ye id XIXt secule, tod, xiawngja in avance, wehst in caudstand, mox in dependence face ia krigs os Occident. 
Trans udzamanen religieus antagonismes, ia sekways tos conflictual historia inter Islam ed Occident bihnt khissta dar nundiens, kweter per ia problemes os societat (integration, layicitat, racisme...) au international relations. Ye tod inkapem os XXIt secule, est important yinjier dialehgihes ia civilisations.