Tatra T3

T3 	T3
 	
Number built 	13 991
Built from 	1961 - 1990
Length 	14,000 mm
Width 	2.500 mm
Height 	3,050 mm
Weight 	16 t
Maximum power 	160 kW
Maximum speed 	65 km/h
Passenger capacity	23 seats87 standing
Manufacturer 	ČKD Tatra
T3 is the name of a tramcar produced by Tatra. During its period of production, between 1960 and 1989, 13 991 multiple units and 122 sidecars were sold worldwide, mostly in Central and Eastern Europe and Soviet Union. 
== Types ==
=== T3 ===
The design of the T3 had to meet difficult specifications. The car should have the same capacity as its predecessor (the Tatra T2), but be easier to build. In order to achieve this goal for example the vehicle walls were thinner and were fitted with laminate seats instead. The T3 was delivered to all tramway companies in the former Czechoslovakia. It was most numerous in Prague, where over 1.000 vehicles were delivered. The T3 still forms (often in various modernised versions) the backbone of the Czech tram fleet.
=== T3SU ===
(SU for Soviet Union)
As with the T2SU the first T3SU was delivered with the modification of removing the middle door and replacing it with seats. Later cars, however, were delivered with the third door in place. Again the vehicles had a closed operator's compartment and were adapted for the harsh climatic conditions. Altogether 11 368 T3SU were delivered, making it world-wide the largest production of a single type of streetcar. The disadvantage of this, however, was the fact that by producing so many of one type of unit the replacement by more modern cars was slow.
*The T3SU was delivered from 1963, (first to Moscow) and later to 33 further Soviet cities.
=== T3SUCS ===
thumb|200px|Inside T3SUCS manufactured after 1983|link=Special:FilePath/118_1875.JPG
(SUCS for Soviet Union-modified Czechoslovakia) 
Originally the production of the T3 was stopped 1976 and production was concentrated on newer vehicles. The Slovak city Košice, however, ordered two motor coaches, as an exception. Starting from 1985 the production of the replacement type KT8D5 should start, however this was by then obsolete. Further production of T3 would have been too expensive, so instead vehicles of the type T3SU were re-imported and adapted. The closed operator's cab was maintained, the vehicles had all three doors in place and differed from the original T3 only in few details. Traction formation with this vehicles is possible and is sometimes practiced.
===T3SU Evolution===
Looking at T3SU trams manufactured in different times, one can notice minor changes both in exterior appearance and interior design.
Exterior details:
*Narrow passenger windows - disappeared before the year of 1966
*The narrow window route designators - disappeared about 1969
*The illumination of the number of route on top - began in 1980s
*Oval turn indicator at the front became two rectangular lights. The same lamps began to be fitted to the rear - 1985???
small grid in the forward section of the tram from the left side appeared on all T3SU trams manufactured in 1983 and later.
*Two small red lamps near the tramcar-to-tramcar "control circuit port" both from the front and from behind - 1985???
*Additional red horizontal lamps from behind 
Interior:
*sofa-style seats - from the early 1960s until the early 1970s.
*"toilet"-like seats - from early 1970s until the middle of 1980s.
*Cream colour of saloon ~ with 1977-1978 (now nevertheless all yellow-dark-blue:))
=== T3D ===
(D for DDR)
In the former GDR the first three T3D cars operated started operation in 1964 and 1965 in Dresden. The cars were used in part due to their width of 2.50 m. They operated as single cars or as multiple units (Motor+Motor, Motor+Motor+Trailer) and/or as mini trams (Motor+Trailer). The use of trailer cars was due to the use of original Czech T3 electrical equipment, which had enough power to support trailer cars. However, due to reduced available power, the maximum speed of the streetcar reached only 55 km/h, instead of the usual 65 km/h.
Only German and Yugoslav networks had trailer cars. The car was designated as B3D and had the same body as T3D. Today, only Chemnitz uses T3s in full service, having T3D-M (modified).
=== T3YU === 
(YU for Yugoslavia) 
From 1967 onwards, vehicles supplied to Yugoslavia differed from the standard type T3 by having different pantographs and trucks. In addition, trailer cars were used, as in the GDR. Beside two Czechoslovakian and one Soviet tram networks, the vehicles were the only narrow profile cars of the type.
=== T3R ===
(R for Romania) 
Romania was instructed by Comecon at the end of the 1960s to order RA cars. The first vehicles came in 1967 to the city of Galaţi and differed from the Czechoslovak vehicles by having different electrical equipment, necessary for the network's 750 V DC voltage. Since the car boxes were built too wide for use elsewhere, the cars remain in Galaţi.
Same name has type shortly manufactured in 1997.
===Modernized Tatra-T3 trams===
In most Czech cities and in some foreign cities such as Bratislava, Moscow, Riga and Odessa, Tatra-T3 trams became very common pieces of equipment. As a result the service personnel and maintenance workers became very good with repairing and servicing the equipment. This served as one of the reasons (the other being the expense of buying new vehicles) for modifying the existing Tatra-T3 trams, rather they buying newer cars. 
The modernization normally includes: 
*Restoration of the car body
*Digital/Electronic destination sign installation
*Acoustic information system
*Installation of new traction motors
*Thyristor-Controlled traction system for the motors.
*Re-design of the interior, which varies by city and transit authority.
*Pantograph replacements (also depends on the transport authority)
More radical modernization includes insertion of a low floor section.
== Production ==
14,113 trams were produced and delivered to :
	City 	Year 	T3 	T3SUCS	T3SU 	T3D	B3D	T3YU	B3YU	T3R	Total
	Barnaul 	1967-1985	0 	0 	444 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	444
	Bratislava 	1964-1989	58 	130 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	188
	Brno 	1963-1989	109 	53 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	162
	Karl-Marx-Stadt (today Chemnitz)	1966-1988	0 	0 	0 	132	62 	0 	0 	0 	194
	Dnipropetrovsk 	1968-1987	0 	0 	370 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	370
	Dniprodzerzhynsk 	1972-1986	0 	0 	183 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	183
	Donetsk 	1967-1987	0 	0 	251 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	251
	Galati 	1971-1974	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	50 	50
	Grozny 	1981-1986	0 	0 	70 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	70
	Irkutsk 	1967-1968	0 	0 	30 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	30
	Izhevsk 	1966-1986	0 	0 	270 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	270
	Kharkiv 	1967-1987	0 	0 	735 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	735
	Kiev 	1964-1987	0 	0 	923 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	923
	Košice 	1963-1989	97 	89 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	184
	Kramatorsk 	1967 	0 	0 	2 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	2
	Krasnodar 	1980-1986	0 	0 	115 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	115
	Kryvyi Rih 	1986-1987	0 	0 	50 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	50
	Kursk 	1966-1987	0 	0 	278 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	278
	Liberec 	1965-1987	20 	34 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	54
	Mariupol 	1967-1975	0 	0 	32 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	32
	Moscow 	1963-1987	0 	0 	2069 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	2069
	Most 	1967-1987	9 	67 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	76
	Nizhny Novgorod 	1978-1986	0 	0 	220 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	220
	Novokuznetsk 	1967-1986	0 	0 	215 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	215
	Odessa 	1966-1987	0 	0 	484 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	484
	Olomouc 	1966-1987	30 	39 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	69
	Oryol 	1976-1985	0 	0 	85 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	85
	Osijek 	1966-1982	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	26 	4 	0 	30
	Ostrava 	1965-1987	97 	127 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	224
	Pilsen 	1964-1989	48 	80 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	128
	Prague 	1960-1989	901 	292 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1193
	Pyatigorsk 	1967-1987	0 	0 	117 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	117
	Riga 	1974-1987	0 	0 	243 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	243
	Rostov-on-Don 	1967-1987	0 	0 	405 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	405
	Samara 	1964-1986	0 	0 	619 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	619
	Sarajevo 	1967-1969	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	20 	0 	0 	20
	Schwerin 	1973-1988	0 	0 	0 	115	56 	0 	0 	0 	171
	Tashkent 	1983-1985	0 	0 	18 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	18
	Ufa 	1966-1987	0 	0 	360 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	360
	Ulyanovsk 	1966-1986	0 	0 	401 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	401
	Tula 	1965-1986	0 	0 	401 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	401
	Tver 	1967-1986	0 	0 	306 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	306
	Vladikavkaz 	1972-1987	0 	0 	129 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	129
	Volgograd 	1967-1987	0 	0 	425 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	425
	Volzhsky 	1967-1980	0 	0 	75 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	75
	Voronezh 	1977-1986	0 	0 	209 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	209
	Yekaterinburg 	1964-1986	0 	0 	530 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	530
	Zaporizhia 	1966-1987	0 	0 	304 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	304
	 	Total 	1369	911 	11368	247	118	46 	4 	50 	14113
Note: This is production list. Public transport companies may sell used trams to other companies, thus number of cities where are (or were) these trams may be higher.
==References==
==External links==
* Tatra-Strassenbahnen (DE)
* Volgograd metrotram: T3 showroom Web3D world with Tatra T3 model
nl:T3
Category:Tram vehicles
Category:Tatra Trams