Cardinal (Catholicism)/Title and reference style

== Title and reference style ==
Since 1630, cardinals have taken the style Eminence. In accordance with Latin tradition, they sign by placing the title Cardinalis (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Cardinal Doe". Similarly, the official signature of popes inserts the Latin title Papa (abbreviated Pp. immediately after the personal name, as "Benedictus Pp. XVI" for Pope Benedict XVI. Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan,Noonan, The Church Visible, p. 205 hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them, even in English; and this is the usual but not the only way of referring to cardinals in Latin.An Internet search will uncover some hundreds of examples of "Cardinalis Ioannes <surname>", examples modern and centuries-old (such as this from 1620), and the phrase "dominus cardinalis Petrus Caputius" is found in a [http://regesten.regesta-imperii.de/anzeige.php?pk=&bandanzeige=&begriffe=&q=&offset=&uri=1250-00-00_1_0_5_1_2_1798_5014a&rpk=&i=&band=&nr= document of 1250.} However, influential stylebooks indicate that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is as "Cardinal <Name> <Surname>."At first reference Cardinal John Doe. At subsequent references the cardinal or Doe" (Reuters Handbook of Journalism). The Associated Press stylebook, quoted by Douglas LeBlanc on Anglicanism out of AP style at the Times? agrees fully: "The preferred form for first reference is to use Cardinal, Archbishop or Bishop before the individual's name: Cardinal Timothy Manning, archbishop of Los Angeles. On second reference, Manning or the cardinal." The religious Publications Style Book of the Franciscan Holy Name Province likewise lays down: "Use the form 'Cardinal John Smith' instead of the older 'John Cardinal Smith'." This is also the usual style on ecclesiastical websites.The websites of the Holy See (except for signatures), and of the Episcopal Conferences in the United States, England and Wales, Ireland and the Australia agree with the stylebooks. The Bishops' Conference of Scotland uses both the usual Latin and English forms side by side. The usual Latin order is found on diocesan sites of Boston, Chicago, Dublin, New York, Toronto, Washington; the usual English order on those of Armagh,Los Angeles, Philadelphia, St Andrews and Edinburgh, Wellington, Westminster.
A well-known instance of the usual Latin order is that in the proclamation, in Latin, of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ..."Benedict XVI, 19 April 2005 (Meaning: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (last name), ...")
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