Marriage Divorce Remarriage

One of the most controversial topics within the church to date is the topic of marriage, divorce, and remarriage. It is such a hot topic because it deals with one of the fundamental aspects of human life, our relationships with the opposite gender. Below I intend to lay out my belief both as a reference and as a defense since I have (a long time ago) been accused of holding a position that I do not hold.
I will no doubt upgrade this article as the need arises, but the position itself will not change.
==Where to Look==
===1 Corinthians 7 ===
1 Corinthians 7 has no bearing on the question of divorce at all. Divorce is not in that passage whatsoever. See my complete article on 1 Corinthians 7.
===Passages Referencing Divorce===
It is important to address all that the New Testament, and specifically Jesus, taught on the topic, not just one passage.
Matthew 5:31-32 - It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: But I say unto you, That whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.
Matthew 19:3-9 - The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause? And he answered and said unto them, Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away? He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so. And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery.
Mark 10:2-12 - And the Pharisees came to him, and asked him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife? tempting him. And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you? And they said, Moses suffered to write a bill of divorcement, and to put her away. And Jesus answered and said unto them, For the hardness of your heart he wrote you this precept. But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife; And they twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. And in the house his disciples asked him again of the same matter. And he saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.
Luke 16:18 - Whosoever putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and whosoever marrieth her that is put away from her husband committeth adultery.
==Definitions==
First of all, we must define our terms. There are three distinct actions involved in this question: marriage, divorce, "marry another". There is also the terms "fornication" and "adultery" to consider.
===Marriage===
The Biblical union of one man and one woman. According to the Biblical union, the law of the land has a separate, but critical part in this (Romans 7:1-4). A couple must be legally married according to the laws of the land to be considered married. However, the laws of the land are subservient to God's Law and cannot usurp it. A marriage that is not legal according to God's Law cannot be truly forged only according to man's. Homosexual marriage is therefore non-sensical. As is marriage to an animal, a tree, or an inanimate object like a car. Lastly, a marriage forged according to God's Law cannot be sundered by man without God's authority to do so (Matt. 19:6).
===Divorce===
Divorce, or "to put away" in scripture is translated from the Greek term apoluo. It is a precise term with legal context rather than physical ones like chorizo or apheimi though sometimes those words are used within the same context as they have some relationship. See my article on 1 Corinthians 7 for more on chorizoand apheimi.
Apoluois a legal term, not just physical separation, but an ending to a contract. Since there are two laws in consideration, man's and God's, for the divorce to be a true divorce, God's law must be satisfied, and then man's law makes the event a reality. If man's law declares two people divorced, their marriage ended, but not according to God's law, then the subservient law of man has no power and the divorce is not true. If God's law determines a divorce to be acceptable, then the divorce takes place when the details according to man's law are satisfied in harmony with the superior law. If man's law refuses to acknowledge a justifiable divorce, then God's law still takes precedence and the married couple may proceed despite man's laws.
Divorce is a singular event, not an ongoing state like marriage.
===Marry another===
According to passages above, to marry another is to marry someone who is not the original spouse. This then eliminates the concept of remarrying the original spouse after a divorce and that is not in consideration here.
===Fornication===
When a person has sex with someone who is not their spouse.
I believe this might be where some sort of contention is held within the churches of Christ. I have heard some in the past attempt to argue that fornication relates directly to prostitution in the pagan temples and is not general sex outside of marriage. However, a quick examination of several Bible passages shows that not to be the case. Fornication is simply sex outside of the marriage bed. 1 Cor. 5:1f speaks of a man having sex with his father's wife (mother or step-mother is not stated). The indication here is of a sexual relationship outside of marriage (the man was not married to his father's wife) but without any contextual reference to the pagan temples. In 1 Cor. 7:2, the admonition to husband and wife is to not withhold their bodies sexually from one another in order to avoid fornication. The implication is that if they aren't getting sex from their spouse, they'll seek sex somewhere else. This is the very essence of sex outside of the marriage bond.
===Adultery===
When a person has sex with someone they are not married to according to God's law. Man's law is only secondary to this. Adultery has to be committed against a spouse. A never-married person cannot commit this sin.
==Examination of the Principle Doctrine==
Now we can simply examine what Jesus said and hold up any case to what was said and see if it fits. If it does not, then the case is sinful.
It is the case that there is an exception. It is explicit in the text: "except for fornication". To deny that divorce has any exception at all is to contradict explicit scripture. The only problem would come in defining what that exception is. According to the definition of fornication, the exception is sex with someone that is not your spouse, regardless of connection to prostitution (which is only a subset of this and included, but not all inclusive).
Divorce for any other reason is not a Legal divorce according to God's Law and therefore the couple remains married despite what man's subservient law declares. We know this to be true because if such a divorce happens, Jesus declared that they would be committing adultery if they married another (according to man's laws, since this could not be a Legal marriage according to God's Law). Note that it is the marriage itself that is declared adultery. 
Since marriage is inherently for the purpose of procreation, which is a product of sex, then the marriage itself is a state of adultery regardless of how many times the physical act happens. Any divorce for reason other than fornication is sinful.
Furthermore, that "marry another" is defined explicitly as adultery and not some other sexual sin demands that there be a person, a spouse, against whom the adultery is committed. This demands the conclusion that the person who "married another" after an Illegal divorce according to God's Law is still married to their original spouse. Adultery is otherwise impossible.
Lastly, if fornication happens on the part of one spouse, it gives the other grounds for Legal divorce according to God's Law. They may, hopefully as a last resort, end their marriage. If a husband cheats on the wife, and the wife decides divorce is the only recourse, she may divorce the husband according to God's Law for the reason of fornication, the explicit exception, and be no longer married. Therefore she is eligible to marry again (not "another", because she is no longer married). The cheating husband, however, did not divorce for reason of fornication, therefore he is not Legally eligible to remarry.
==Which Law?==
Under construction.
==Specific Scenarios==
Under construction.
==Consequences of Divorce==
Under construction.
==Conclusion==
I understand how difficult this topic is for many. However, I cannot mince words. I must be bold and blunt so that there is no misunderstanding. There is a reason God hates divorce (Mal. 2:16). It is a devastating event made even more horrible by the presence of offspring.
We must endeavor never to put ourselves in a position where divorce is on the table. We must also do our best to love, teach, and aid those who have had to suffer through one.
In Truth and Love.