Anderson, James. The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.

== Summary ==
This
book examines the system of public and private education for black citizens
that emerged between 1860 and 1935, a time period when black Americans faced
economic and political oppression as they made the transition into a new social
system of capitalism, Republican government and wage labor. Anderson argues
that the structure and ideology of black education reflected the larger
political subordination of blacks. He argues that Northern philanthropist and
industrialists as well as Southern politicians competed to define what type of
education was appropriate for blacks (industrial education vs. no education). It
was the social system that made black education so fundamentally different from
those of other Americans. Yet, within this system, black Americans persisted
and struggled to fashion a system of education that prefigured their full
emancipation. He concludes, “the education of blacks in the South reveals the
various contending forces that sought either to repress the development of
black education or to shape it in ways that contradicted blacks’ interest in
intellectual development.” (285)
Example: The Hampton-Tuskegee Model was the antithesis (an aberration) of the educational and social movement begun by ex-slaves. Samuel Chapman Armstrong and Booker T. Washington reframed black educational aims, from liberation to “fitting in” into the dominant system. This type of education coopted/used by Northern industrialists/philanthropists. At black teacher training institutions, Northern philanthropists implemented the Tuskegee-Hampton model, in which the country training school became the dominant form of secondary education for blacks and largely emphasized manual labor (watered down academic curriculum). 
See also: David Tyack, David Adams, Michael Katz (Revisitionist)