Medicin

Medicin (ex latino medicus = "medic, liek") est id science quod bezielt prevene ed schife ia siuges im ensans. 
 Hippocrates os Kos (hellen : Ἱπποκράτης; circum 460-370 pre JC) buit un liek os Awo Hellad qui wohrg unte id itnamen secule os Perikleus. Est classifiet ka oin im mumtasest rjienbwutsen ios historia os medicin, ed maung autors referent-se ei ka "ei Pater os Medicin". Eys intellectual scol revolutionit id medicin os eyso zaman, establiend-ye id ka un ilm separen ud alya camps con qua eet traditional-ye assocyen (khaliban theourgia ed philosophia) ed convertend-ye eys bungos do un druv profession.
==Inter Science ed cred==
Unte id quasi-totalitat ios historia os menscgenos, medicin kihsit ep esoteric concepts. Siuge eet os supernatural origin, ayn un kyasen infligen ab immaterial sesens, quod tik mensci beghapt samt uno magh - equivalent em brukhs au shramans - siegv ilaje. Druv medicin, in id occidental maynen tos lexis, est creet in Awo Hellad af Hippocrates os Kos. Is "Pater os Medicin" advoquet id objective observation iom facts ed id respect im sieugs; in sieno maschour oit, ep quod keiht id ethique os modern medicin, is promitt nudes siena gnohsas pro id saul ziel os rehme el sieug. 
Id introduction om rationaliste praxis ne stambhsiet medicini nablande science ed cred. In Mediev, biht also naayn kam i Hellens od un siuge resultend ex un distula inter quar "gumsa", quar corporala fluids (sehrg, pituita, bile ed atrabile). Id diagnose begrancet-se med eme id temperature al patient, bongmehe el, ed chehxe id aspect os els dingv. Therapeutic acts sont reduct ei administration om mer vegetal preparations, magic droghs, clysteria ed phlebotomias. Sem technic ed scientific Progressa tohrbeer bihe intizart - microscope pro id observation ios cell, gnohsas in chemia pro ia hormonal mecanismes - kay medicin vibihsit un science in-kap id XIXt secule. 
 René Laennec (gnahn in 1781 in Quimper, mohrn in 1826 in sien konak os Ploaré, prokwem Douarnenez, bo in Breithen) buit un franceoiso liek qui creit id liekdiagnose med endersok (Traité de l'Auscultation médiate 1819) dank sien invention stethoscope).
==Ia signes os siuge==
Medicin est riche med aunnumer specialitats, bet id ghehdt bihe sciss do un limitet numer branchen sehkwnd-ye id sam itner quem elswo liekis kun el eiskwt ilaje : ex semiologia (studye ia signes os un siuge) tiel therapia. 
Ismen franceoiso Laennec entrih semiologia id moderne era inventend-ye endersok, quod consist oiswehre un diagnose kleund-ye ia inner bloska ios corpos; ye id prest ker, lieks ne se contentent med ia exter signes ios illat. 
Endoscopia de permit, ab 1880, al liek ewplore el sieug unte ia different aulices ios corpos. Dank electrocardiographia - nudt ye id prest ker ep el mensc ab Waller in 1887 - ed electroencephalographia (Berger in 1929), bihnt detegen anomalias in ia srovs emitten ab id kerd au id kers. Application do biologia ios aunstehgen iom X-rais, rontgnen dadwt ab 1885 kwiters ex eni id corpos. Serter, in id druna im 1970tias, ultraswonskweiter dind magnetic resonance skweiter (MRS) gwehmsient ad complete tod gairb instrumenten. 
 Magnetic resonance skweiter est uno medical skweitertechnique nuden in radiologia kay dake kwiters ios anatomia ed iom physiologic processen ios corpos in bo sieune ed siuge. MRS scanners neude nert magnetic camps, radiowands ed camp gradients kay gehne kwiters ex eni id corpos.
==Ia causes os siuge==
Dwot etape in id medical gwayt, etiologia est id paursken iom causen os siuge. Tod xeimen hassilet id status os science ye id end ios XIXt secule kun Pasteur (1822-1895) ed Koch (1843-1910) isole microorganisms massoul ob specific siuges : est id gnahsa os microbiologia. Sekwos to ia aunstehgens multen payttgehns existend in id Nature (bacterias, unicellular parasites, virus...) acceleresient ia medical gnohsas; in ir kilvater gnahsient besonters vaccination - id prest vaccination unios menscios protie rabos tarikhet ex 1885 -, epidemiologia ed immunologia (wa science ios immunsysteme). 
Id sok po ia causes med oistudye ia gwiv tissues prehpt kathalika unte id XIXt secule, sub id impulse ios deutsch Virchow : in 1862, so observet cancereus tissues med uno microscope. Nundiens, id analyse ios physic ed chemic stand iom lesions, med optic au electronic microscopia, qua ia tissues kwehnde (preliven ex ostenmozg, lyekwrnt, nugver...) est oino iom principal alats kay skipes un diagnose. 
Unte tod XIXt secule druve-ye vyigic pro medicin, emerct idschi dayi od siuges sont yando minter due anatomic lesions quem id general duswehrgen ios biologic machine. Tod conclusion gwehmsiet ex id aunstehgen, hois om meger molecular circuits eni id corpos (tod os glucose, os natrium...) qua permitte besonters ei corpos conserve ids inner stand (temperature, sehrgsuker...) speit ambiental variations, ed ciois id enevidencen om "chemic messagers" agmon ep ta circuits, kam ia hormones - aunstehgen os adrenaline in 1901 ab Takamine ed Aldrich. In id XXt secule, molecular genetique steighsiet tsay do id raudh ios illat vanend-ye ye id nivell ios DNA id surce iom perturbations tom circuits.
 Aspirin, quos chemic nam est acetylsalicylic acid est un pharmac nuden kay ilaje gvol, feber ed inflammation. Specific inflammator conditions in qua est nuden include id Kawasaki siuge, pericarditis ed rheumatic feber. Aspirin daht mox pos un kerdmusclinfarct meinct id risk os mohrt. Aspirin est eti nuden ye longo meiwrnt kay prevene insults ed sehrgdedwrnts in leuds samt hog risk. Aspirino maght kathalika minces id risk om certain types os cancer, besonters colorectal cancer. Contra gvol au feber, ids effects typic-ye inkape unte 30 minutes.
==Therapeutique==
Id identification iom active pharmacensubstancen in id druna ios XIXt secule, hat dehn un fin ad millennia om forpeitens ed approximations. Bayna aunnumer exempels, smad cite id extraction os morphine ex opium (Sertuerner in 1806) auti id synthese os aspirin (Gerhardt in 1853). Tri aunpreceddent vias ghyahsient pro pharmacs ye id XXt secule : ia psychotropes, ia synthese hormones (mathalan insulin) ed anticancer chemiotherapia. 
Alyum alat in id therapeutic arsenal im lieks, chirurgia buit diu kyimen ab ia complications sekwos id infection iom arus. Tod perchin buit spracto dank iom britisch Lister (1827-1912), iom prest qui advoquit id neud om anti-septics unte id operation, ed iom elsaisser Koeberlé (1828-1915) qui, kneigvend ep Pasteurs idees, twasicit id neud om steril materials ed adapten vesters kay vergihes contamination ab extos microbes. Ye id technic nivell, id XXt secule buit pregen ab ia progressa os corrector chirurgia - ilaj iom cardiac ed vascular malformations - ed os sarctor chirurgia - prest aschlad os cornea in 1905, prest kerdtransplante in 1967, prest totalo ligeaschlad in 2010. Id meincen ios risk os reject ios transplantat, ab ia immundefenses ios dakend corpos, est oino iom challengen crastinios medicin.
 
==Embryonal Stammcells==
Assisten reproduction, suadaunteihsa, pregnahsa diagnose... : moderne medicin est riche med ethic werds iskwn ad societat. Bayna ta est oin quod id international scientific communitat sehkwt med un baygh particular attention : ia embryonal stammcells. Tod type cellen, therapeutic-ye baygh promissor, ghehdiet bihe quasi kwiten ka miraculeus temghi kathire sont ir potentialitats. 
Kam deict ir nam, gwehment ois menscenembryos. Ta embryos, behrntiht in vitro, sont ex divers origins; ghehdent daughus ad steril couples, mathalan, kay gehne purts. Preciser-ye, kay obtene embryonal stammcells, certain cells bihnt preliven ex id embryo, poskwo ta orcells bihnt buwt. 
Id immense vantage tom stammcells est od sont id base vasyen cells ios corpos : it, ghehdent se transforme do quodlibt alyo cell : neuron, cell iom musclen, ios cuit, ios retina... Ta embryonal stammcells ghehdient, de facto, skipes un permanent reserve cellen kay sarce sieug au saucta organs. Eti ghehdient taye organenaschlad !