101 series

The 101 series, originally classified as the MoHa 90 series until June 1959, is a Japanese city commuter electric multiple unit operated by the Japanese National Railways and its various successors from December 1957 to November 2003.
==History==
The 101 series was designed in 1957 as the MoHa 90 series, and was to act as a modern train that could be used by the JNR; the 101 series sets themselves were a development of the older 72 series sets. A prototype ten-car set was delivered around June 1957 and entered service in December 1957 on the Chūō Line (Rapid). On 1 June 1959, the designation of the train was changed to 101 series, and it remained as such until the series's retirement.
The 101 series acted as the mainstay for the JNR's city commuter fleet for a long time and enjoyed a long service life of forty-six years from December 1957 until the last few sets used on the Nambu Branch Line retired on 28 November 2003; JR West had already retired their fleet of 101 series sets many years prior, in 1992. During its service life, a number of 101 series cars were converted into 103 series cars in an attempt to extend the lives of those cars.
The Chichibu Railway purchased 36 ex-JNR 101 series cars in 1986. These operated until 2014.
==Design==
The sets used a simple body style very similar to the ones used on the 72 series sets. This design language would carry over to the 103 series sets.
The sets had two different headlight variations, one of which was a large shield-beam headlight, with the other being a dual horizontal shield-beam fixture. The headlight, in spite of which variation was seen, was top-mounted.
==Specifications==
Construction is of steel. Each car is 20 meters long. Traction motors are resistor controlled, which was standard for the time. The 101 series sets are notable for being the first trains operated by the JNR which utilized the then-new Cardan driveshaft as opposed to the nose-suspended drive shaft as seen on older trains.
==Preservation==
The following 101 series cars have been preserved:
Car number 	Manufacturer 	Date manufactured	Date retired 	Previous sets	Location 	Notes
KuMoHa 101-902	Ōi Works 	June 1957 	March 1985 	N/A 	The Railway Museum, Saitama, Japan 	Ex-prototype set, originally numbered MoHa 90503
KuMoHa 101-147	Nippon Sharyo	November 1962 	February 1982	N/A 	Showa Tetsudo High School, Tokyo, Japan	Cab and doors only, used for instructional purposes; not open for public viewing
The following 101 series cars were preserved in the past but have since been scrapped:
Car number 	Manufacturer 	Date manufactured	Date retired 	Previous sets	Last location 	Notes
KuMoHa 100-189	Kawasaki Heavy Industries	November 1965 	February 1987	N/A 	Poppo Parco, Matsusaka, Japan	Used as karaoke lounge; removed when Poppo Parco closed circa 2005 and scrapped
In addition, a DT21 bogie from a 101 series set is preserved next to KuMoHa 101-902 and can be operated using cab controls.
==Gallery==
KuMoHa 101-902 2024.jpg|KuMoHa 101-902 in January 2024
KuMoHa 101-902 Plate 2024.jpg|Ōi Works builder's plate
File:KuMoHa 101-902 2022.jpg
==References==
*Wikipedia.org
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:JR Group trains
Category:Hitachi locomotives
Category:Kawasaki locomotives
Category:Kinki Sharyo locomotives
Category:Kisha Seizō locomotives
Category:Nippon Sharyo locomotives
Category:Tokyu Car locomotives
Category:Ōi Works locomotives