Kutshathi Language

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)(C) 
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable 
Phonological rules (in order of application): 
Guide to phonological rules: e → i / _g means ‘e’ turns into ‘i’ before a ‘g’.
C = consonant, V = vowel, S = stop, N = nasal consonant, F = fricative, K = velar, L = lateral, R = resonant/sonorant, P = labial/bilabial E = front vowel, B = back vowel, # = word boundary, Ø = null/nothing
* N → w / S_S
* b → β / V_V
* k → w / V_
* k → Ø / _#
* n → Ø / _r
* k → Ø / V_V
* d → r / V_V
* w → Ø / _{r,j}
* {k,x} → [+palatal] / _{j,E}
== Grammar ==
Main word order: Subject-Object-Oblique-Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions 
=== Noun morphology ===
 	 	Singular 	Singular	Plural	Plural
Absolutive	Masculine	man netsh /nɛtɕ/​​​​​​​	 	men 	Prefix: xeu- /xeu-/ xeunetsh /xeuˈnɛtɕ/
Absolutive	Feminine 	woman 	 	women 	Suffix: 
Ergative 	Masculine	Word order: object position
Guamu	Suffix: 	men 	Suffix: O-Oguamu
Ergative 	Feminine 	woman 	Suffix: 	women 	Suffix: 
=== Definite article ===
 	 	Singular 	Singular	Plural 	Plural
Absolutive	Masculine	the [man] 	Uny 	the [men] 	Uz
Absolutive	Feminine 	the [woman]	Udum 	the [women]	Udumu
Ergative 	Masculine	the [man] 	Ha 	the [men] 	Hada
Ergative 	Feminine 	the [woman]	Dux 	the [women]	hedux
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
• Definite article can be omitted
 Example: ‘I am going to jacuzzi’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general
 Example: English's ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’
=== Indefinite article ===
Numeral for ‘one’ is used as indefinite article.
Singular                                Plural
Nominative a [man]tak /tak/some [men]tshak /tɕak/
Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
• Not used for non-specific uncountable nouns:
 non-specific = ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’
 specific = ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
=== Personal pronouns ===
	Absolutive	Absolutive	Ergative 	Ergative	Genitive 	Genitive	Dative 	Dative
	I 	Xed 	me 	Xid 	mine 	Xux 	to me 	Xej
	you 	Su 	you 	Su 	yours 	Sik 	to you 	Se'x
	he/she/it 	Bum 	him/her/it	Bek 	his/hers/its	Buk 	to him/her/it	Bouf
	we 	qe 	us 	qek 	ours 	qex 	to us 	qok
	you 	Dus 	you 	Duk 	yours 	dix 	to you 	dum
	they 	u 	them 	uh 	theirs 	ud 	to them 	uh
=== Verbs ===
Indicative mood	Indicative mood	Indicative mood	Indicative mood	Indicative mood
 	 	Past 	Present 	Future
Perfective 	 	studied 	study 	will study
Perfective 	1st.sg 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
Perfective 	2nd.sg 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
Perfective 	3rd.sg 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
Perfective 	1st.pl 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
Perfective 	2nd.pl 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
Perfective 	3rd.pl 	Suffix:  	No affix 	Suffix: 
=== Perfect aspect ===
‘have studied’
Uses the particle before main verb.
=== Progressive aspect ===
‘am studying’
Uses the particle before main verb.
=== Imperative ===
‘study!’ (as a command)
Uses the same conjugation as 2nd-person present-tense.
=== Negation ===
Uses the particle before main verb phrase.
=== Derivational morphology ===
Noun → adjective: Suffix: Adjective → noun: Suffix: Noun → verb: Suffix: Verb → noun: Suffix: Verb → adjective: Suffix: Adjective → adverb: Suffix: One who Xs (e.g. paint → painter): Suffix: Place where (e.g. wine → winery): Suffix: Diminutive: Suffix: Augmentative: Suffix: 
↓Manner/Place→	Dental	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar
Stop 	 	b 	 	d 	 	 	 	k g 	
Nasal 	 	m 	 	n 	 	 	ɲ 	 	
Affricate 	 	 	 	 	ʈʂ 	tɕ dʑ 	 	 	
Fricative 	θ 	 	f v 	 	ʂ ʐ 	ɕ ʑ 	 	x 	
Approximant 	 	 	 	 	 	 	j 	 	w
Trill 	 	 	 	r 	 	 	 	 	
== Dictionary ==