Pokémon (franchise)

, short for , is a created by Satoshi Tajiri. It centers around a group of creatures known as Pokémon, from which the series takes its name. A group of humans known as Pokémon Trainers catch Pokémon and train them to battle other Pokémon for sport. Although Pokémon is primarily a video game franchise, an anime series, manga, and a trading card game also make up large aspects of the franchise. Pokémon is managed by The Pokémon Company, a company formed by Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures Inc.. The mascot of the Pokémon franchise is an electric mouse Pokémon named Pikachu.
The main series in the franchise is the eponymous Pokémon series, consisting of role-playing games that typically involve a player character (whose name is decided by the player) starting their journey as a Pokémon Trainer after receiving their Starter Pokémon from the Pokémon Professor at the local Pokémon Lab. The professor also gives them a Pokédex, and tasks them to fill it with data entries on Pokémon to aid their research; this is accomplished by obtaining every Pokémon species within that game. The main series has had several paired releases, beginning with on February 27, 1996 in Japan and in September 1998 in North America. The main difference between each paired game is the type of Pokémon encountered, so it is impossible to collect every Pokémon in one game without trading Pokémon with other players between versions. Every main Pokémon series installment has been released for a handheld device until for the Nintendo Switch, a home console with a portable handheld mode.
The Pokémon franchise consists of several spinoff titles. Three of its spinoff series, Pokémon Stadium, Pokémon Mystery Dungeon and Pokémon Ranger, are also role-playing games, as well as two main series-related titles for the Nintendo GameCube: Pokémon Colosseum and Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness. There is also a beat 'em up series, Pokémon Rumble, several puzzle games, such as Pokémon Puzzle Challenge and Pokémon Trozei!, and an adventure game titled Detective Pikachu, which was shortly followed by a live action film of the same name. A game is occasionally released for the Pokémon franchise, such as the Pokémon Pikachu handheld, Hey You, Pikachu!, Pokémon Channel, and My Pokémon Ranch, a majority of which are centered around Pikachu specifically. In 2016, an augmented reality mobile game titled Pokémon Go was released for iOS and Android, and has effectively become the best-selling game of the entire franchise.
Pokémon has since become the highest-grossing media franchise of all time. It is the fourth best-selling video game franchise, behind Nintendo's own Mario franchise, and , with more than 380 million copies sold."Pokémon in Figures". The Pokémon Company (www.pokemon.co.jp). Pokémon Go itself surpassed over a billion downloads."Pokémon Go spurred an amazing era that continues with Sword and Shield". The Verge. Published February 28, 2019. The anime series is regarded as the most successful video game adaption of all time."Why the Pokémon Anime is the Most Successful Adaptation of a Videogame Ever". USgamer. Published November 17, 2016.
==Early history ==
The concept of Pokémon stems from the hobby of insect collecting, a popular pastime of series creator Satoshi Tajiri during his childhood."The Ultimate Game Freak". TIME (Wayback Machine). Published November 22, 1999. He first conceived the idea of Pokémon in 1990 as Capsule Monsters. In 1991, Tajiri discovered the Game Boy's Game Link Cable and imagined an insect crawling across the Game Link Cable between Game Boy units. Tajiri therefore felt it was the ideal system for his game."Beware of the Pokemania", page 3. TIME (Wayback Machine). Published November 14, 1999. Tajiri cited The Final Fantasy Legend as an inspiration for Pokémon, as the game's success proved that the Game Boy could handle more than just action games."Pokémon interview" (in Japanese). Nintendo of Japan (Wayback Machine). Concepts of capturing Pokémon, and designs and etymology of Pokémon were also largely influenced by classic tokusatsu franchises most notably Godzilla, Gamera, Ultraman, and Kamen Rider.「ポケモン」を生んだ？　『ウルトラセブン』カプセル怪獣のたまらない可愛さCharacter Study about : Squirtle, Wartortle and Blastoise [Sunday Study]ウルトラ怪獣手帳 に関する出典はこの本です。『エヴァ』『ポケモン』の元ネタは『ウルトラセブン』？ アスカのプラグスーツが白かった理由 
When Satoshi Tajiri first pitched the idea of Pokémon to Nintendo, they could not quite grasp the concept, but were impressed enough with Tajiri's game design reputation that they decided to explore it. Shigeru Miyamoto began to mentor Tajiri, guiding him during the creation process.
Pocket Monsters Red and Greens took several years to produce, and nearly bankrupted Game Freak in the process. Investment from Creatures Inc. allowed Game Freak to complete the games, and in return, Creatures received one-third of the rights to the Pokémon franchise."Monster mash". Forbes. Published July 26, 1999. By the time the games were released in Japan, several TV shows and magazines were uninterested, as they thought the Game Boy was becoming obsolete. Unbeknown to Nintendo at the time, Tajiri secretly programmed a 151st Pokémon named Mew into the games. Rumors of the elusive Pokémon drove further sales, and the games eventually became a hit. In 1997, following the success of Pocket Monsters Red and Greens, an anime was produced, and it also became a success in Japan.
However, in December 1997, the 38th episode of the Pokémon anime, "Dennō Senshi Porygon", featured a scene in which Pikachu uses his signature Thunderbolt attack to destroy missiles. This was followed by bright red and blue strobe lights flashing rapidly for a couple of seconds; this resulted in several children watching the show to gain seizures, followed by 685 of them being hospitalized."The Pokémon Panic of 1997". Skeptical Enquirer Volume 25, No. 3, pages 26–31. This incident became known as the "Pokémon Shock," and it resulted in the show being put on hiatus for several months.
Around the same time as the Pokémon Shock incident, Game Freak was trying to negotiate with Nintendo of America to introduce Pokémon to the United States. Because news of the Pokémon Shock was the first time that Americans had of Pokémon at the time, it felt like a bad omen to Game Freak. Nintendo of America was concerned of the game's role-playing genre, as such games did not have the same popularity in America as in Japan. Nevertheless, Nintendo of America was excited at their aim to replicate the success of Pokémon in the United States and localize it for western audiences."Beware of the Pokemania", page 4. TIME (Wayback Machine). Published November 14, 1999. Following the release of Pokémon Red and Blue Versions in 1998 and plentiful merchandise, Pokémon became a success in America and other countries, turning it into a worldwide sensation.
==Gameplay==
The main Pokémon games all center around the strategic manipulation of creatures called Pokémon, from which the series takes its name. In the games, the player takes the role of a male or female human who has just received a license to catch Pokémon. The player usually goes to the local Pokémon Lab to receive a First partner Pokémon. In every main series game, the player is given a choice of three Pokémon; a -type, a -type or a -type. A person who possesses and trains a Pokémon of its own is called a Pokémon Trainer.
Using their first Pokémon, players are now usually free to set off on their own adventure, in which they will collect Badges by defeating Gym Leaders. Once the player has collected eight badges, they can battle the Elite Four; four representatives of the Pokémon League that are considered the best Trainers in their respective region.
Another goal of the game is to try to catch every Pokémon available; in the first Generation, there were 151 Pokémon available, but with every new Generation the number of Pokémon increases. Currently, there are 898 known Pokémon, and eight regions/generations, with the possibility of more being introduced in every new Generation.
Pokémon can be caught by weakening them with other Pokémon, and then capturing them in a Poké Ball, where they can be stored for future use, to battle and help capture more Pokémon. Each Pokémon has a health gauge, and whomever gauge runs out first loses; however, a trainer can have several Pokémon, so if one Pokémon's gauge reaches zero (called "Fainting"), they can send out another Pokémon. Each trainer can carry a maximum of 6 Pokémon although many more can be caught and stored in a PC. In order to try to knock out the opposing Pokémon, order your Pokémon to attack the opposing team's Pokémon. Pokémon can learn up to four attacks, although there are many more attacks that they are capable of learning, so you can replace one of your moves when they are ready to learn a move. When all of a Trainer's Pokémon have fainted, the trainer must depart to a Pokémon Center and give up an amount of money.
==Game releases==
The games are generally released in pairs. For example, two games will be immediately released that are basically the same, except with several minor changes, and later, another improvement upon the last two games will be released. After this, work will begin on a new pair, which will have a vastly different story and various gameplay improvements. Examples of this are , which are generally the same game, except certain Pokémon can only be obtained in either one. Shortly after the release of Pokémon Red and Blue, an improvement on these games was released; , which featured improved color, and the addition of a Pikachu which followed the main character.
==List of games ==
The following lists all of the games in the Pokémon franchise:
=== Main series===
====Game Boy====
*Pokémon Red and Green Version (Japan)
*Pokémon Blue Version (Japan)
*Pokémon Red Version and Pokémon Blue Version (International)
*Pokémon Yellow Special Pikachu Edition (also known as Pokémon Pikachu in Japan)
====Game Boy Color==== 
*Pokémon Gold Version and Pokémon Silver Version
*Pokémon Crystal Version
====Game Boy Advance====
*Pokémon Ruby Version and Pokémon Sapphire Version
* Pokémon FireRed Version and Pokémon LeafGreen Version
*Pokémon Emerald Version
====Nintendo DS====
*Pokémon Diamond Version and Pokémon Pearl Version
*Pokémon Platinum Version
*Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver Version
*Pokémon Black Version and Pokémon White Version
*Pokémon Black Version 2 and Pokémon White Version 2 
====Nintendo 3DS====
*Pokémon X and Pokémon Y
*Pokémon Omega Ruby and Pokémon Alpha Sapphire
*Pokémon Sun and Pokémon Moon
*Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon
====Nintendo Switch====
*Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Pokémon: Let's Go, Eevee!
*Pokémon Sword and Pokémon Shield
* Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Pokémon Shining Pearl
*Pokémon Legends: Arceus
*Pokémon Scarlet and Pokémon Violet
====Upcoming====
*Pokémon Legends: Z-A
===Spin-off ===
==== Game Boy====
*Pokémon Pinball
*Pokémon Trading Card Game
====Game Boy Color====
*Pokémon Puzzle Challenge
====Game Boy Advance====
*Pokémon Pinball Ruby & Sapphire
*Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Red Rescue Team
====Nintendo DS ====
* Pokémon Dash
* Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team
* Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness
* Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Sky
* Pokémon Trozei!
*Pokémon Ranger
*Pokémon Ranger: Shadows of Almia
*Pokémon Ranger: Guardian Signs
*Learn with Pokémon: Typing Adventure
*Pokémon Conquest
====Nintendo 3DS====
*Pokédex 3D
*Pokémon Rumble Blast
*Pokémon Dream Radar
*Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Gates to Infinity
*Detective Pikachu
*Pokémon Shuffle
*Pokémon Rumble World
*Pokémon Battle Trozei
*Pokémon Picross
*Pokémon Super Mystery Dungeon
==== Nintendo 64====
*Hey You, Pikachu!
*Pokémon Snap
*Pokémon Puzzle League
*Pokémon Stadium
*Pokémon Stadium 2
====GameCube====
*Pokémon Colosseum
*Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness
*Pokémon Box Ruby and Sapphire
*Pokémon Channel
====Wii====
*Pokémon Battle Revolution
*My Pokémon Ranch
*PokéPark Wii: Pikachu's Adventure
*Pokémon Mystery Dungeon (WiiWare)
* Pokémon Rumble
*PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond
====Wii U ====
*Pokkén Tournament
*Pokémon Rumble U
====Nintendo Switch==== 
*Pokkén Tournament DX
*Pokémon Quest
*Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Rescue Team DX
*Pokémon UNITE
*Detective Pikachu Returns
====Mobile====
*Pokémon Say Tap? (Japan)
*Pokémon TCG Online
*Camp Pokémon
*Dance? Pokémon Band! (Japan)
*Pokémon Shuffle Mobile
*Pokémon Duel
*Pokémon GO
* Pokémon: Magikarp Jump
*Pokémon Playhouse (North America and Europe)
*Pokémon Rumble Rush
*Pokémon Masters EX
*Pokémon Quest
*Pokémon Smile
*Pokémon Café ReMix
*Pokémon UNITE
====Upcoming====
*Pokémon Trading Card Game Pocket
===Gallery===
===Main series===
== Logo timeline==
===Japanese===
====1997–2002 (Generations I and II)====
===English===
====1998–present====
==Trivia==
*The main symbol of Pokémon as a whole is the Poké Ball.
* The second symbol of Pokémon is Pikachu (mainly anime).
*Counting Mew, there are 151 original Pokémon.
*Mewtwo comes before Mew in the National and Kanto Pokédex.
*According to Tsunekazu Ishihara, the Pokémon Company's CEO, he revealed that Game Freak originally did not intend to bring Pokémon to the USA because they thought American kids would not like RPG games "with a lot of texts". However, this gamble ended up profiting them, paying off around $100 billion.
*In addition to insects, Satoshi Tajiri launched the series inspired by kaiju, especially the equivalents from Godzilla and Ultraman.
*Satoshi Tajiri originally wanted to call the franchise "Capsule Monsters", but had to settle for its current name due to copyright.
*Junichi Masuda said it usually takes at least six months to design a Pokémon from concept art stage to finalizing a design. But the more important Pokémon like Legendary Pokémon and First partner Pokémon typically have a design process for over a year.
==See also== 
*List of Pokémon
*Satoshi Tajiri
==External links==
*The Official Pokémon Website at www.pokemon.com
*Japanese website at www.pokemon.co.jp
==References ==
*