WD Austerity 2-10-0

The War Department (WD) "Austerity" 2-10-0 is a type of heavy freight steam locomotive that was introduced during the Second World War in 1943.
==Background==
The Austerity 2-10-0 was based on the Austerity 2-8-0, and was designed to have interchangeable parts by R.A. Riddles. It had the same power output as the 2-8-0 but a lighter axle load, making it suitable for secondary lines.
==Design==
It had a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. While the 2-8-0 had a narrow firebox, the 2-10-0 had a wide firebox placed above the driving wheels. This arrangement was common in the United States (e.g. the USRA 0-8-0) but unusual in Britain, where wide fireboxes were usually used only where there was a trailing bogie, e.g. in 4-4-2 and 4-6-2 types. These were the first 2-10-0 locomotives to work in Great Britain, and the first major class of ten-coupled engines — they had been preceded by two 0-10-0 locomotives; the Great Eastern Railway's Decapod and the Midland Railway's Lickey Banker. The 2-10-0 wheel arrangement was later used by Riddles when he designed the BR standard class 9F. This, too, had a wide firebox placed above the driving wheels.
==Construction==
Two batches were built by the North British Locomotive Company, the first batch of 100 introduced in 1943/1944 and the second batch of 50 in 1945. Their WD Nos were 3650–3749 (later 73650–73749), and 73750–73799.
20 of the first batch were sent to the Middle East. During running-in they worked in Britain, but their length made them unsuitable. Most saw service with the British Army in France after D-Day in the drive towards the Siegfried Line.
==Post-war service==
After the war the 150 locomotives were distributed as follows, the majority going to the Netherlands:
No. of engines	Country 	Company 	Class
103 	Netherlands 	Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) 	NS 5000 class
25 	Great Britain	British Railways (BR) 	BR ex-WD Austerity 2-10-0
16 	Greece 	Hellenic State Railways (SEK)	SEK Class Λβ
4 	Syria 	Chemins de Fer Syriens (CFS) 	CFS Class 150.6
2 	Great Britain	War Department, Longmoor (WD)	WD Austerity 2-10-0
===Netherlands===
In 1946, the Netherlands bought those in continental Europe. They formed the NS 5000 class, and were numbered 5001-103. They had a short working life, the last being withdrawn in 1952. 5085, ex WD 73755, the one-thousandth British built locomotive to be shipped to Europe after D-Day, was named Longmoor and subsequently preserved in the Utrecht railway museum.
===British Railways:===
After the war, the British Railways (BR) bought twenty-five locomotives. These were initially numbered 73774-73798 but later re-numbered 90750-74. They were mostly operated by BR's Scottish Region on heavy freight trains and were all withdrawn between 1961 and 1962.
File:Motherwell Locomotive Yard War Department 2-10-0 geograph-2755968-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|ex-WD 2-10-0 No. 73798 'North British' stands at Motherwell Depot in 1948
Image:WD 2-10-0 90768 at Motherwell shed in 1958.jpg|BR Scottish Region WD 2-10-0 90768 at Motherwell motive power depot in 1958
Image:WD 2-10-0 WD 601 Kitchener at Carlisle Kingmoor in 1958.jpg|WD 2-10-0 WD 601 "Kitchener" at Carlisle Kingmoor BR shed in 1958. Note air pumps, headlight and nameplate
===Greece===
Sixteen of the twenty Middle East locomotives went to Greece, where they formed Class Λβ of the Hellenic State Railways, numbered Λβ951 to Λβ966.
===Syria===
The remaining 4 Middle East locomotives remained in Syria and operated on the Chemins de Fer Syriens (CFS). These engines formed the CFS Class 150.6.
==Further WD services==
In the 1952 WD renumbering scheme, the two remaining in WD service (at the Longmoor Military Railway), Nos. 73651 and 73797, were renumbered 600 and 601 respectively. The also received names: 600 Gordon and 601 Kitchener.
==Preservation==
LMR 600 Gordon has survived and has been steamed on the Severn Valley Railway, though as of 2022 it is out of service, cosmetically restored and on display in the Engine House.
Two more have been repatriated from Greece. One has been numbered 90775, one higher than the last BR engine, and has carried the name Sturdee (as WD/LMR No. 601 before being numbered 90775) and is operational on North Norfolk Railway where it has now been renamed The Royal Norfolk Regiment as of 2022. The other is WD No. (7)3672 which has been named Dame Vera Lynn. The loco is currently being overhaul at Grosmont on the NYMR.
The 4th one in preservation WD 73755 (NS 5085) survives in the Dutch Railway Museum (Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum) in Utrecht. It carries the nameplate Longmoor, after the Royal Engineers base at Longmoor, with the coat of arms of the Royal Engineers above.
Four locomotives remain in various states in Greece with Λβ962 and Λβ964 operating mainline tours on the Drama to Xanthi line. Other locomotives remain in poor states stored awaiting further use.
Image	Numbers	Numbers	Numbers	Numbers	Numbers	Name 	Location
Image	WD 	NS 	SEK 	BR 	LMR 	Name 	Location
 	(7)3651	— 	— 	— 	600 	Gordon 	On display in the Engine House, Severn Valley Railway, England
 	(7)3652	— 	Λβ951 	90775* 	— 	The Royal Norfolk Regiment*	Operational, North Norfolk Railway, Norfolk, England
 	(7)3656	— 	Λβ955 	— 	— 	— 	Dumped, Thessaloniki, Greece.
 	(7)3672	— 	Λβ960 	— 	— 	Dame Vera Lynn* 	Undergoing overhaul at Grosmont North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Yorkshire, England
 	(7)3677	— 	Λβ962 	— 	— 	— 	Stored Drama. Was operational on the Drama to Xanthi line in Greece.
 	(7)3682	— 	Λβ964 	— 	— 	— 	Stored in Thessaloniki depot. Was operational on the Drama to Xanthi line in Greece, and used for static filming in 2015.
 	(7)3659	— 	Λβ958 	— 	— 	— 	Stored derelict at Tithorea, Greece.
 	73755 	5085 	— 	— 	— 	Longmoor 	Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum, Utrecht, Netherlands
* Name or number applied after preservation
==See also==
*BR ex-WD Austerity 2-10-0 - locomotives taken into LNER/BR ownership
*WD Austerity 2-8-0 - locomotives of similar design
Category:2-10-0 steam locomotives
Category:2-10-0 locomotives
Category:Tender locomotives
Category:Restored locomotives
Category:War Department locomotives
Category:Steam locomotives
Category:Locomotives
Category:North British locomotives
Category:Standard gauge locomotives
Category:Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Category:Built in 1943
Category:Built in 1944
Category:Built in 1945
Category:Syria
Category:Netherlands
Category:Dutch Steam Locomotives
Category:Dutch Locomotives
Category:Greece
Category:Greek locomotives
Category:4 foot 8 1⁄2 inch gauge