Energia

Etymologia: Ex id hellen ενεργεια = "wehrgend gwis", "en-wehrg-ia". 
Definition: Energia est un physic "en-wehrg-mon" gwis. Ia energetic ressurces sont ia materias present in id nature qua mensci neude kay produce energia. 
==Id presento tienxia energia situation==
Tienxia energia production se articulet khaliban ambh ia tri fossil dawtis qua sont gas, ghiul ed naft, de qua biht mohnt od ielg oiskeipsiet circum 2030 takriban 25% os tienxia production. In 2009, id numer om consummyars ep ia proven reserves leit inter 25 ed 35 yars pro naft, inter 40 ed 60 pro gas, inter 60 ed 140 pro ghiul. Ia ultim reserves sont baygh importanter, esdi sont in id actual stand os technologia difficil-ye reuydet. Ta pruven reserves sont lakin baygh taken, chunke quar lands arehge 50% pro naft, ed tri xeihnt 70% pro gas ed ghiul. Actualitat biht yed comspergmen ab mehldens os aunstehgen os major lyogos, kam mathalan in Gatar, in Israel au Cypros pro gas, au in id Gulf os Mexico autah in Franceois Guyana pro naft. 
Trans to, nov non-conventional ressurces biprehpe, kam kiezghiangas ed -naft. Id International Energia Agence (IEA) previdt ithan od pre 2035, non-conventional gas (pati kiezghiangas) dadwsiet takriban 30% os tienxia gas production, contra 16% in 2011. Id skip ja 34% os US gas production in 2011, tod land esend id saul quod se hat lancen do un intensive reuyden sienen lyogsen, ep id base ios gvaskaynen technique hydraulic fracturation. Ka consequence tos volwent (au aunment...) siyassa, ia Uniet Stats os America hant bihn tienxia prest gas productor in 2009, uper Russia. 
Sam-ye, dar sekwent id IEA, non-conventional ressurces permittsient ibs Uniet Stats bihe tienxia prest naft productor yant 2020, uper Saudi Arabia. Herschi, ia mehldens majoren aunstehgens sehkwnt mutu, kam id vrehsa uns immense kiezghangas lyogos in Australia in 2013, quod perkehliet meis quem 230 milliards om barels. 
Tod US siyassa modifiet plaut-ye ia economic tulas. In id xeimen os energia, biht uperwohrten med un US diskamen de ghiul, quos tienxia priso sehnct, quodghi interesset iter i Europays (khaliban deutschens), qui ablinkwnt gas, quos pris nisteurdt ed se disconnect ud naft (menxu hatta id pior muzlim prisnivell iom carbonquotes in Europe ne dissuadt ud tod evolution). Trans to, ia Uniet Stats retrehve med kiezghiangas ed -naft un costenvantage quod comdeught iro reindustrialisation, edghi un nov tula dia China.
==Un crehscend ed problematic consumm==
Ia energia wans os tienxia population leludeer pon id XIXt secule ed id Industrial Revolution. In id druna iom penkgim akhir yars, id production os primar energia - yani ex ids nature stand, pre quodkwe transformation - hat liten ex dwo do dwodem milliards om naftequivalent tonnes (nt). Samt id crosct os tienxia population ed id antslehnken iom Sud lands, est possible previde od id tienxia energia consumm vaht nacrehsce unte id XXIsto secule. 
Nundiens, fossil energias - ta bebeuwmen poskwo seskladmen enderghomi pon plur millions yaren - skeipe 81% tos consumm. Idsmee naft est id neneudmenst energia surce pon id hat udmikdart ghiul in id druna iom 1960tias. Pon ia 1970tias, ed bo naftcrises om 1973 ed 1978, id part os nuclear energia muhim-ye muhim-ye leludit. Punor, udnovim energias (geothermia, biomasse, sol- ed windenergia...) sont dar destull pau antplohcen. 
Tod situation biht hamrahn ab mult problemes. Tamen fossil energias sont, definition-ye, ne-udnovim, edghi ir sklads trehcent tadrijan kyir exhaustion. Id tension inter un crehscend demande ed rarer ressurces explient id grundtrend kyid augen iom naftprisen. 
Id de fangh uper ta ressurces qua sont baygh inegal-ye dayta tienxia skeipt un geostrategic ed geopolitic challenge. Ia meger consummerlands (ia Uniet Stats, id Europay Union, Japan, betschi nuntos ed crescendo China) ne sateihnt ir wans. Dehlgent importe tod energia ed itak wehsent energetic-ye dependend, besonters de id betyeicen om hydrocarbons (gas ed naft) ed uranium (necessaro pro srovgehns). Tod geographia dehneiht jabbar torgfluxa qua smyehrnt Globalisation. Salvihes ia betyeicensurces ed ia routes tos torg est tem megil ka pand quem to ghehdt gehne diplomatic tensions (mathalan inter Russia ed ia nieber lands tohrn ab ia gasoducts), ed hatta ouvert conflicts (mathalan, id preter Gulf crise in 1991). 
==Inegalitats ed ecologic dangers==
Nieb ta "classic" challenges, id insaf de ia physic limites ios planete ed id emergence ios conceptios Posdaril antslehnken hant attragen attention kyalya aspects qua gehne kathalika problemes. Id mund vaht dehlge produce meis energia, bet minter polluant, edschi garantie quantims ids access. Idghi energia consumm skaut meg akster inegalitats ye vasya nivells. Iasmee Uniet Stats tanke oin quardel os tienxia consummo menxu oin quardel ios mund population, khaliban in Africa ed Sud Asia, acceddt neid energia netwehrg. Unis men US American consummet mutawassit-ye takriban 8 nt pro yar, un de Hindi 0,5. Ta disparitats sont tant-ye pregnanter ob un part ios tienxia production biht naiwo consummet sontern biht wazs bi-sabab id vetustat iom nehmwehrgs. In Nord Russia, mathalan, leck naftaducts gehne gigantesk pollutions. Khayghians prokwem ia meger tienxia torgroutes vibihnt plact ab id repetition iom naftlamens. 
Ambientschinghays sont also alyo majoro probleme. Id tienxia crosct os energia consumm est oin im magnen massoulen ios amplor ios carbonbalance ios mund population, yani iom emissions om woenschice gasa, besonters vinovat ob id warmen ios planete. Est direct-ye massoul ob id crosct iom emissions os carbon dioxide (CO2). 
Dayir nuclear, sei id hat ka vantage ne emitte polluant gasa, ids neud hois gehnt meg dalgayun zibel, quod ne sagvmos abdehe, sonst bedehlvend-ye ia, ed ciois accidents, kam tod ios Japanese srovgehn Fukushima in 2011, mimehmeihnt idsa dangers.
==Ia challenges ed limites os energia transition==
Ta grave inconvenients ep ambient dedugheer energia transition. Id challenge consist salge ia exhausmen polluant fossil energias kay stets meis tehlpihes, termin-ye majoritar-ye, kiest energias. Tod transition naudht ke tyehce investions kay ghehde do uno mierer energetic sobertat. In id xeimen iom transports, constructors sont pussiren ad concepe motors qua consumment mins. In tod os woikia, id concept os passive dom consummet meg pau energia pro hemwarmen. Alter axe tos transition est id promotion iom udnovim energiad. Multa Stats mathalan stehment med subventions id installation om solar panels.
Lakin, vasya lands ios mund sont dalg ud sehkwe tod itner. Id tienxia ghiul consumm hat crohsct unte 40% unte ia dwo-tusents. Eti, energia siyassas ghehde habe paradoxal effects. Also, Deutschland hat deciden clude siena nucleara srovgehns pos id Fukushima accident, bet kay compense id sehkwtur deficit os energia production, hat karraren wohrgyihes sien ghiul mines, quayque tod est id vierdnicst energia dayir CO2 emissions. 
==Id question de energia skladen==
Id antslehnken iom udnovim energias leit aundwoi per id possibilitat os oisklade energia. Est oino iom magnen kyehmen protie quod oistundent taiper ia productors om udnovim energias, preter photovoltayic ed windgohnt : kamyabe conserve id excess os producen electricitat, quos quantitat varyet sekwent id gwis om sol au wind, kay nudes id kun wans sont alt. De facto, id tienxia mercat os energia skladen est promissor. Vohrt nundiens do 2 milliards om euros, ghehdiet vyiges inter 70 ed 100 milliards om euros unte id niebsto decennium, sekwent id International Energia Agence. 
Ia industrial tentative skladens os energia abunde. In 2013, mathalan, id franceois Bolloré mohld sien Bluebox, un 15 kwH "intelligent" batterie bestohmen ad sklade electricitat ex id netwehrg unte ia sakwn hors kay kaupe bilkull minst unte ia chepran hors. Id sollit kathalika bihe pohrnen con id Bluecar (electric carr) ka recharge solution domi. Bet, dwo yars serter, id parkensbatterie ne hieb trohft sien public. 
Jects ghehdient change dank id mehlden ye wer 2015 ab Elon Musk, iom suter ios constructor om hog-qualitat electric carrs Tesla Motors, os produce ye mier scal un assortiment om lithium-ion batteries, ne bestohmt idsims cars, sontern ibs Californian doms ed dukans, tod Stat esend besonters hihn ab climat warmen. Tod vat ne resultet tem ex un technologic innovation, id processum esend gnohn ed pau novator, quem ex un industrial aventure, id construction os un gigantesk fabric po 5 milliards om dollars in Nevada sollend permitte, dank massenproduction ed scalsparens, meg significant costenseinkens iom batterien qua competitiveihsient ia pro vasyalgens clients, ex privat individuals do i traditional dadwers os electricitat.