Technology

Technology appears in several variants throughout the Fallout series. Technology in the world of Fallout is different from ours, due to the Divergence.
Much of Fallouts setting is inspired by 1950s pulp science fiction. The world is not our own, functioning due to a different set of rules. It is a world in which radiation can mutate people into ghouls and portable directed energy weapons are not only viable but also (relatively) widespread. This article aims to summarize the available information regarding technology.
==Energy==
One of the key elements of the backstory is the Resource Wars, fought for the last remaining energy resources on Earth. In the wake of the crisis, as the economy ground to a halt, the United States sought alternatives to fossil fuel energy. In 2060, hydrocarbon fuels became too precious to waste on automobiles so other alternatives were beginning to be explored.Fallout Bible 0: "2060 Traffic on the streets of the world stops moving. Fuel becomes too precious to waste on automobiles, so alternatives are explored - electric and fusion cars begin to be manufactured, but factories can only make limited amounts. Pressure on fusion research increases." 
Researchers arrived at two solutions: utilizing fission and fusion as the primary power sources. The first crude fusion cell was unveiled in 2066,Fallout Bible 0: "2066	Spring	As the oil resources dry up across the globe, China's fossil fuel dependency causes an energy crisis in the nation. China, bordering on collapse, becomes more aggressive in its trade talks with the United States. Unwilling to export oil to China, talks between the United States and China break down.""2066	Summer	Adding further insult to the Chinese-American relations, the first crude fusion cell is unveiled, one of the results of the Power Armor project. Devices designed for the fusion cell begin to be manufactured. Incorporating fusion power into the general US infrastructure begins, but the process is too slow to supply power to the regions that need it. Nearly thirteen years later, few sections of the United States were supplied with fusion power." providing the United States with an edge and averting its imminent bankruptcy.
===Fusion===
By 2077, cold-fusion such as microfusion cells were commonplace and used widely as chargers for energy-consuming technology, ranging from laser rifles to cars, with further innovation presented in the form of the microfusion breeder utilized in the recharger rifle and pistol. Another representative element of the new energy source is the iconic T-51 power armor, powered by a back-mounted TX-28 microfusion pack, with enough fuel capacity to allow operation for nearly a century.Power armor specs Another source of energy was the fusion core, used in power armor frames, fusion generators and Gatling lasers. Before the bombs dropped, Mass Fusion developed the Beryllium agitator for large scale clean nuclear energy.
===Fission===
Fission power found their uses as power sources for robots,Mr. Handy design document which can utilize a nuclear power unit as its energy source and within backup generators (typically Wattz Electrobox units, like the one used in Broken Hills). Due to the nature of nuclear fission, all the spent radioactive material had to be disposed of somewhere and the deserts of the American Southwest, especially the Mojave Desert, became prime dumping grounds.Arcade Gannon: "Nuclear waste disposal. Pre-War, people figured there was so much desert in Nevada, you might as well turn it into a big dumping ground. People didn't like it, but they weren't about to give up easy access to power, not with all of the petroleum drying up."(Arcade Gannon's dialogue) 
===Other renewable energy===
In some places such as Acadia National Park, companies like Verdant-Air Wind Power built wind turbines. While the wind farm was a front for illegal dumping and a positive public reputation, it was soon discovered to be a sustainable source of energy.Wind farm maintenance terminals; facility terminal, 8/14/77 - Remember why you're there Due to the possibility of such a discovery undercutting the parent company's goals of selling fusion power to the masses, they attempted to take down the wind farm.Wind farm maintenance terminals; Facility terminal, 9/22/77 - No need for hostilityWind farm maintenance terminals; Facility terminal, 10/17/77 - Got what you wanted
Poseidon Energy was devoted to renewable energy, building a massive solar plant called HELIOS One in the Nevada desert. Its potential energy output could be on par with that of Hoover Dam, likewise able to supply power to the entire Mojave region.
==Vehicles==
In 2077, due to the oil crisis, petroleum was no longer a widely available fuel, even more so with the excellent power the automobiles had, though the wealthy still drove gasoline-powered cars,Villa police station terminals; Terminal, No more parking tickets as well as companies providing gasoline and diesel fuel across America.Red Rocket company logo Many car companies had desperately pursued research into alternative power sources, with Chryslus Motors finally patenting the successor to gasoline: electric engines, powered by energy cells.DcSmitty.msg, Fallout Bible 0 timeline, NcTRay.msg, fuel cell controller and fuel cell regulator description, GCSKEETR.MSG Charged with fusion cells, a Chryslus Corvega or Highwayman featured 800+ horsepower and acceleration from 0 to 60 mph in under a second, all done with a fully analog system and no computers.Fallout intro, NcTRay.msg However, not many of these cars were produced and those that were had limited success due to their hefty price tag ($199,999.99 for a Corvega).Fallout introThe Art of Fallout 3 p.61: "HARDWAREInspiration for much of the various bits of technology in Fallout 3 came from both commercial product design and military industrial design of the 1950's to the early 1960's. Elements from items such as old portable television sets and army field radios were studied and incorporated in some fashion along the way. We often try to achieve a careful balance of realism, future-retro-style, and practicality in the objects that people would interact with in the world. In terms of realism, it's not an essential factor, but a sense of believability within the rules as defined in the Fallout universe is important.Technology in the world of Fallout 3 is somewhat paradoxical in that it's incredibly advanced in some ways, and downright primitive in others. Certain technological advancements that we take for granted in our own history either did not occur, or developed along a very different path. One element that has advanced to an incredible degree is the use of miniature fission reactors in a variety of applications. Inspired by the futuristic 1957 Ford Nucleon concept car, the idea of everyday vehicles powered by a micro nuclear reactor in the trunk is fully realized in the Fallout universe. Of course, hundreds of years after the war the country is full of automobiles unstable reactors that are way overdue for service and replacement, but this makes for the entertaining blowing-up of what would otherwise be unremarkable background art." 
Prior to the Great War, the United States utilized fighter jets, commercial jumbo jets and prototype Vertibirds for aerial transport and assault.Shanghai Sally: Chapter Closed Following the Great War, airships, culminating in the Prydwen, were created.
Unlike the bulky and harder to maintain electric and nuclear vehicles, steam-powered trucks were also being used by 2161, as they were very viable for transit in the post-apocalypse. The Master and his Unity made significant use of the trucks while attacking Necropolis or Vault 13.The Vault Dweller: "{116}{}{What's a steam truck?}"Ghoul refugee: "{115}{}{The super mutants attacked. We were slaughtered. They had guns and bombs, even some steam trucks. They killed my friends. The mutants just butchered us.}"The Vault Dweller: "{113}{}{Yes, and now I want to know what happened here.}"Ghoul refugee: "{114}{}{The super mutants attacked. We were slaughtered. They had guns and bombs, even some steam trucks. They killed my friends. The mutants just butchered us, like you're probably gonna do to me.}"(GHREFUGE.MSG)Fallout Bible 6 Questions galore: "6. Last update, you said there were 1/200 cars/people ration in the NCR. If there were so many working cars in NCR, where were they?"
"They're there. It's game logic. You don't see them for the same reason NCR is only three maps, only has 1 councilor/senator, and only about 40-50 people in its city limits. That's why the Chop Shop in Reno exists, why the bum outside of NCR offers to watch a car for you before you show up in one, and a reason that NCR built a garage in Shady Sands."
"So to explain "game logic" in this instance, there's nothing precious about building a car of your own if you can steal one – or if somebody else in town has one. Or in the words of one designer (me), "there's no good reason why a PC would want to undertake a fucking huge Fed Ex quest to rebuild one if they can jack one from the locals." The last part is especially true considering town-wide mass murder is possible in both Fallout 1 and 2."
"And before you get the image of tanks and jeeps flying around everywhere with heavy machine guns mounted on the back, most of that junk is old tractors and crap like taxis, old buses, snowplows, and even old construction equipment. It's possible that mysterious old steam-truck mentioned in the bowels of the F1 data archive is still lumbering around somewhere. The caravan houses of the Hub, in particular, around the time in Fallout 2, have been looking to further its trade influence, and new vehicles (and types of transport, such as trains, boats, or barges) have been eagerly sought after for carrying large amounts of trade goods vast distances. Good ol' human greed will move mountains. Or at least rebuild things that can. Once they learn of the Enclave's presence in the North, they are likely to have huge bounties promised for vertibird plans - or better, a working vertibird.
One from Steel Knight
Monorails were a common mode of transportation before the Great War. Typically elevated or on suspension tracks, is noted such as these rail lines were seen in highly congested areas. Examples include the District of Columbia monorail, Nuka-Express, Appalachian monorail system, Morgantown monorail, and downtown Las Vegas' monorail line. The monorail to Nuka-World remains functional after the war.
==Personal protection==
One of the most noticeable technological leaps was made in the field of protecting people from harm. The United States was especially proficient at doing so, as its research into polymers paid off, resulting in suits of advanced combat armor being widely deployed across the country to police and military forces, sometimes even civilians with a special BADTFL permit.Vault Dweller's Survival Guide p.5-17: "Combat Armor is advanced personal armor for the 22nd century police officer or military grunt. This is about the best armor a Vault Dweller is likely to see in their lifetime. Combat Armor is highly effective against most types of damage, is light weight (for it’s protective value), and is, unfortunately, not available without a special permit. Interested parties should contact the BADTFL office near them." This armor protected the wearer considerably from conventional and explosive damage as well as lasers and plasma.
Another example of considerable advancement is the power armor, an armored suit with a hydraulic endoskeleton, powered by a fusion pack, designed to be a one-man tank replacing traditional, inefficient vehicles in their role.Power armor specs It is an exclusively American technology, which is also the root of many other technologies, such as the aforementioned cold fusion.
One example of research into personal protection exists, in the form of the Tesla armor, a suit based on Nikola Tesla's blueprints, in which Tesla attraction coils attract and disperse energy attacks, providing effective protective apparel and another example of how Fallouts physics are different than our own. This concept was later improved upon by the Enclave in the form of their Tesla advanced power armor and later the Tesla advanced power armor Mk II. The concept was also used by a group of raiders in the creation of Tesla T-60 armor. Armored vehicles include the main battle tank and the armored personnel carrier.
==Weapons==
Likely the single field in which the greatest advancements were made, weaponry of the Fallout world is varied and incredibly advanced in some regards. Apart from conventional weapons based on the combustion of gunpowder, energy weapons development advanced at a rapid pace, allowing for the creation of mass-produced laser, plasma, and pulse rifles.
===Ballistic weapons===
Miniguns were developed by America,Vindicator minigun these massive rotary guns are capable of delivering extreme firepower in a compact package. The Big MT developed Saturnite for weapons use.Saturnite fist, Cosmic knife
===Energy weapons===
Ballistic weapons were still bulky and inefficient when compared to energy weapons. These advanced armaments were developed to be powered with microfusion cells, although battery packs or cabled power systems could also be used as well.The Chosen One: "{766}{}{Definitely sounds like lasers. Do you know how the Salvatores power their laser pistols? Do they employ battery packs, fusion cells, or cabled power systems of any kind?}"(NcJules.msg) There are three distinct types of these weapons in the wastelands - laser-based, which emit a several megawatt beams of coherent light,The Chosen One: "{711}{}{What kind of "firepower" do the Salvatores have?}"Jules: "{725}{}{Pistols…'cept they shoot LIGHT. Now, Reno's a city o' lights, but the light THOSE pistols shine can cut a man in two... *swuppp*... (Jules makes slicing motion.) Makes a clean burn 'tween the two halves, it does.}"The Chosen One: "{726}{}{They shoot light? Do they call the pistols 'laser pistols?'}"Jules: "{735}{}{Well, uh, I don't really know… I ain't sure what you're talking about. But take my word for it: don't go asking the Salvatores about those pistols. They have this twitchy habit a killing people who're curious.}"The Chosen One: "{736}{}{By 'laser pistols,' Jules, I mean pistols that emit beams of coherent light. A beam of sufficient wattage - say, several megawatts - could do considerable damage if focused on a target for a few seconds, producing the effect you've described.}"(NcJules.msg) plasma-based, relying on delivering damage via condensed plasma and pulse-based, in which the damage is done via a powerful electrical energy pulse, and electromagnetic pulse.
Other offshoots of research were conducted to find ways to harm other humans. One such example was the Gauss coilgun technology. Originating in Germany,M72 Gauss rifle, PPK12 Gauss pistol and later utilized by China,Gauss rifle the weapons fired a small-caliber metal slug (2mm electromagnetic cartridges) down a barrel surrounded by magnets, propelling it to extreme speeds and guaranteeing massive damage upon impact. Similarly, railguns were also conceptualized, with West Tek developing the later-abandoned X277 magnetic rail cannon specifically.
The Big MT developed the proton axe and another weapon technology that was researched was the use of microwave radiation to cause harm to biological tissues.Microwave emitter Less than lethal weapons were also being developed.Mesmetron, Compliance Regulator
==Biomedical technologies==
Another advanced field in the Fallout world, biomedical science flourished in the retro-futuristic world. The most basic example, the stimpak is astounding by our standards; a self-contained stimulation delivery package, sending the cells into a replication frenzy, swiftly healing minor wounds, doing in seconds what often takes days by regular means.Fallout Official Survival Guide p.124: "Stimpak: The stimpak is an autoinjector loaded with a variety of healing medications and stimulants. Injecting yourself or another character will increase your natural healing ability and give you an immediate Hit Point boost." Furthermore, superior versions of stimpaks also existed (the super stimpak) which can heal even the worst of injuries at a minor cost of health damage from the frenzy of replication a few minutes later.Vault Dweller's Survival Guide p.5-19: "The Super Stimpak contains more drastic chems, increasing the healing effect at the cost of eventual damage to the very tissue it heals! A larger cousin to the Stimpak, the Super Stim will heal more damage. It will, however, cause a small amount of hit point loss after a period of time. You should be aware of this function, and prepare for it. But nothing works like a Super Stim when time is short, and danger grave."
Furthering the gap between our technology and that of Fallout is the presence of automatons whose sole purpose was to detect illness and quickly treat it. Machines like ACE, Sympto-Matic and Auto-Docs were programmed to perform even the most difficult medical procedures without the presence of classically trained personnel. Unlike Auto-Docs however, machines like ACE were designed with tanks that the patient was submerged in during healing.The Chosen One: "{115}{}{I'm hurt.}"ACE: "{124}{}{One moment please while I open the suspension tank... Please lie down in the tank and relax. The healing process will require 5 minutes time.}"(ACE's information)
Of course, developments also took place in fields other than healing, namely, in pharmaceutical enhancement. In comparison, our drugs look like primitive hallucinogenics, as those in the Fallout world last longer and have much stronger effects. Buffout, synthetic steroids, amplifies Strength and Endurance greatly, Mentats increase Intelligence and Perception while Psycho increases both resistance to pain and physical damage. Not to mention cryoscience being an uncommon thing for a doctor to be trained in.The Lone Wanderer: "Do you think you can make use of that stuff you picked up in the Cryo Labs?"Elliott Tercorien: "Yeah, I think so. Before I was shipped out to Anchorage, I was trained in cryoscience. We were hoping to apply that to medicine. The compounds we used weren't that different from this cryogenic liquid. I'm pretty sure I can make us some improvised weapons from it. I'm thinking something along the lines of cryo grenades and cryo mines... I don't know yet. Check back with me in about an hour and I'll see what I can do."(DLC05Tercorien.txt) Cryoscience was even utilized by Vault-Tec in one of their vaults, as well as being utilized for weaponry and fire services, though the actual process of using cryogenics caused some to question if it was safe.Massachusetts Surgical Journal: "Cryo-Technology: Haven or Tomb?"
All of the above pales in comparison with truly revolutionary technologies. Beginning with the ability to easily clone replacement limbs and organs for humans, an experimental process before the Great War,Vault-Tec University terminals#VTU-VMT290VCDRTROY.MSG through implants and cybernetic augmentation permanently enhancing the human bodyBOSLORI.MSG, VCANDY.MSG, Fcdrfung.msg all the way to viruses capable of rewriting human DNA and altering their physical appearance in real-time. This last, most phenomenal achievement is called the FEV, Forced Evolutionary Virus.
Vault-Tec possessed a machine in Vault 95 used to purge addictive substances from the body.Vault 95 In 2204, following testing and research in Vault 81, Curie completed Vault 81's original initiative: she perfected the formula for a panacea capable of curing every disease that afflicted humanity.Sole Survivor: "Yes. Yes, I am."Curie: "Superb! I placed an emergency call so long ago. I was beginning to think something dreadful must've happened. I am pleased to report I completed my primary duties 83 years ago."(Curie's dialogue)
The scientists at the Big MT were able to remove a person's brain, heart, and spine and replace them with mechanical substitutes.Courier: "What is the purpose of the technologies?"Mobius: "The X-2 Antenna can be used to focus your alpha wave frequency thought patterns. The Sneaky Suit? Why, it houses a cardiac regulator. And the sonic soundwave projecto-emitter was never intended as a weapon. It was a medicinal vertebrae-pulse-de-sensitizer. In short: Brains, a heart, and courage... spine." (Dr. Mobius' dialogue) The Institute studied and mastered the creation of artificial mammals down to the cellular level including gorillas and humans.Gorilla, Synth
==Bio-engineered foodstuffs==
Biologically engineered foodstuffs were goods that were common enough to have been sold at local truck stops.Red Rocket Please Stop
==Computers==
Compared to other fields, many west coast computers are primitive; while portable units (such as RobCo Industries Pip-Boys) and robots exist, it seems that the actual processing power is quite low (64k of RAM in Enclave terminals, up to 256k in pre-War RobCo systems),QITURTRM.MSG: "{102}{}{You see a DataPlex 2000 SmarTerminal, with a full 64k of RAM, it's the very latest in computer technology - too bad it's not working right now.}""{103}{}{You see a DataPlex 2000 SmarTerminal, with a full 64k of RAM, it's the very latest in computer technology.}"Missile silo terminal entries#Facilities mainframe contrasting with other advanced technologies. 
The East Coast and the Mojave Desert computers, on the other hand, are much more advanced, capable of holding and transmitting up to 200 blocks of data when converted by a specialized iridium-infused magnetic tape,Sugar Grove terminals#CX-15 SIPHON - Data Exfiltration Program. to performing various types of activities, from gaming,RobCo Sales & Service Center terminal entries#RobCo RX-9000 terminal to personalized home computing,RobCo Sales & Service Center terminal entries#RobCo RX-6550 terminal to use within businesses.RobCo Sales & Service Center terminal entries#RobCo E-601 terminal
Terminals appear to have a command-line interface while the Pip-Boy uses a GUI. Touchscreens exist, as is the case with the Emperor v8.8Shi Emperor description: "{102}{}{You see a computer with a built-in touch screen for its interface. Engraved on the side is "Emperor v8.8 Computer Terminal".}"(Fsempter.msg) The Interweb is utilized along with networks such as the Prydwen Internal Network, PoseidoNet and Institute Central Network. WLAN matrices are also present.ROBCTRL.MSG
==Robotics==
A fledgling field of science in our world has become a thriving industry of its own in the Fallout world. Robots are widely used and have reached a very high level of refinement and advancement. They can operate individually, can process visual and audio data in real time and make tactical decisions in the heat of the moment, operate human or inbuilt weapons with deadly accuracy and even host artificial intelligence.Skynet Despite this, robots are also still susceptible to flawed programming, as well as electromagnetic pulses.Fallout 4 Vault Dweller's Survival Guide Collector's Edition p.306: "[3.08] WATTZ CONSUMER ELECTRONICSWith the large electromagnetic pulse sent out by the nuclear bombs, many of the robots at this store have reactivated in Demo Mode, leaving them wandering around, showing off their best features. Fair warning: tinkering with the terminals or safes at this location may cause these robots to turn hostile. Be sure you tinker with the basement terminal, though, if only to grab the magazine there."(Fallout 4 Vault Dweller's Survival Guide Map)
An indication of just how advanced robotics was, is the fact that robots were commercially available to both civilians and companies decades before the Great War. Products such as the Mister Handy, and apart from the military variants, multi-use robots like the Protectron were the best examples of just how widespread and popular they were. They were used to replace humans in jobs deemed unsafe, or to increase efficiency in, at first, relatively simple manual labor, then specialized labor. This was taken to its logical extreme, as corporations (both large and small) had to compete with one another with automation. 
This effectively collapsed the value of the labor market. Both exposing the population collapse and ever diverging wealth creation gap. As those with specialized lengthy and expensive degrees became just as easily replaced as the day laborers. The Institute has made great strides in android research and development, creating several progressively more advanced models of synths.
==Advanced sciences==
Where science continued to progress quite quickly in the civilian field, advanced sciences such as that conducted by corporations and groups like Big Mountain and the Institute were being constantly developed.
===Stealth technology===
The Chinese were the first to deploy cloaking technology in the form of the Chinese stealth armor. The initial U.S. attempts to replicate the cloaking technology resulted in the Stealth Boy. Scientists at the Big MT were able to reverse engineer the suits to create their own Stealth suit Mk II.
===Cryoscience===
The cryostasis facilities of the Sierra Army Depot, Lucky 38, Vault 111, the Cryolator and cryogenic grenade are examples of advancements in cryo-science.
===Matter replication===
Cold fusion powered base replicator units, which could convert water into food or basic items, were included within the G.E.C.K.G.E.C.K. promotional ad within the Fallout 2 manual
The Big MT also created self contained matter transformation units in the form of the Sierra Madre vending machine.
===Holograms===
A once exotic technology, holography became one of the most influential technologies in the 21st century, becoming the de facto standard for data storage across the United States. By 2077, holographic data storage devices were ubiquitous, used for storing and transferring data, from entertainment to military information, with many more derivative technologies developed.
===Teleportation===
The Big Mountain Transportalponder! was also a large accomplishment in the field of superscience, capable of teleporting an individual from the Mojave Desert to a specially designated area.
====Molecular relay====
The most closely-guarded secret of the Institute, the molecular relay allows for teleportation and operates via the classical radio station. It is known to cause strong interference across all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, and this interference can be identified and followed by listening to the radio it operates over.Brian Virgil: "Now, the Relay causes some pretty heavy interference all across the EM spectrum. You've got a radio on that Pip-Boy, right? When you get to the ruins, tune it to the lower end of the band and listen in. You'll be able to hear the interference."(Virgil.txt) Institute coursers have a direct connection to the relay with special hardware that is embedded within their head.Brian Virgil: "Every Courser has special hardware that gives them a direct connection to the Relay in the Institute. It's embedded in a chip in their heads. You need that chip. But to get it, you'll have to find a Courser."(Brian Virgil's dialogue)
===Neuro-programming===
Using light waves to affect the moods/thoughts of creatures. The Sink light switches are one such example of a technology capable of performing such a phenomenon.Light Switch 01 Upgrade: "Smart Lights"Light Switch 02 Upgrade: "Mood Lights"
==References==
Non-game
 
zh:科技