Rococo

Rococo was a style in fine art and design, developed in Paris during the the first half of the 18th century. It began as a reaction against the Baroque grandeur of Louis XIV's court at the Palace of Versailles. In some ways, it was in contradiction with the Baroque (by using pastel colours, light-hearted subjects in painting and sculpture, and asummetry in design), but it was also a continuation (by using motifs and rules taken from Greco-Roman antiquity in exterior architecture, many surfaces covered in gold leaf, and the overall bourgeois or noble vibe). The movement started as an ornamental, elegant interior design style, and was characterized by curvy shapes. Architecture followed and then painting and sculpture. 
== History ==
The Rococo style developed in France in the first half of the eighteenth century. The king of France, Louis XV is often thought to be a key patron and supporter of the movement-- a very likely hypothesis considering the monarch's need to differentiate himself from the king who proceeded him: Louis XIV (a key patron of the Baroque style).
== Philosophy ==
Rococo styling brought about a new wave of romanticism; the new idea of finding a soulmate, someone whom you love, as opposed to the arranged marriages common in the past. 
== Architecture ==
Rococo architecture is fancy and fluid, accentuating asymmetry, with an abundant use of curves, scrolls, gilding and ornaments. The style enjoyed great popularity with the ruling elite of Europe during the first half of the 18th century. It developed in France out of a new fashion in interior decoration, and spread across Europe. While few Rococo exteriors were built in France, a number of Rococo churches are found in southern Germany. Domestic Rococo abandoned Baroque's high moral tone and seriousness: in fact, its abstract forms and carefree, pastoral subjects related more to refuge and joy that created a more forgiving atmosphere for polite conversations. Rococo rooms are typically smaller than the Baroque ones, reflecting a movement towards domestic intimacy. Even the grander salons used for entertaining were more modest in scale, as social events involved smaller numbers of guests. 
Characteristic of the style were Rocaille motifs derived from the shells, icicles and rock-work or grotto decoration. Foliage was also widely used for decoration, under the form of acanthus leaves, garlands (aka festoons), many flowers, and bouquets of flowers. Rococo foliage was always twisting and sinuous, with the common serrated-edged raffle leaf form often bordering the abstract. Other widely-user motifs in decorative arts and interior architecture include: birds, elements associated with love (putti, quivers with arrows ans arrowed hearts) trophies of arms, cherubs (aka putti), medallions with faces, and sometimes Far Eastern elements (pagodes, dragons, monkeys, bizarre flowers, bamboo, and Chinese people). Asymmetry is present in architecture and applied arts, making buildings and ornaments look more dynamic. Pastel colours were widely used, like light blue, mint green or pink. Designers also loved mirrors (the more the better), an example being the Hall of Mirrors of the Amalienburg (Munich, Germany), by Johann Baptist Zimmermann. Generally, mirrors are also featured above fireplaces. Sometimes, Chinese black and glossy lacquer panels were used for decorating rooms in Rococo palaces, used as wall panels. Due to its aspect, black lacquer was popular for Western men's studies.
Hôtel de La Guiche.jpeg|Hôtel de La Guiche, Paris, unknown architect, 1711
Grand Stables of Chantilly, Chantilly, France, 1719-1740, by Jean Aubert.jpeg|Grand Stables of Chantilly, Chantilly, France, by Jean Aubert, 1719-1740
Hôtel d'Eynaud, Paris, unknown architect, 1721.jpeg|Hôtel d'Eynaud, Paris, unknown architect, 1721
Hôtel de Matignon, Paris, by Jean Courtonne, 1722-1725.png|Hôtel de Matignon, Paris, by Jean Courtonne, 1722-1725
L'hôtel Biron.jpeg|Hôtel Biron, Paris, by Jean Aubert, 1727-1732
The Salon Oval de la Princesse of the Hôtel de Soubise (Paris), 1737–1739, by Germain Boffrand, Charles-Joseph Natoire and Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne.jpeg|The Salon Oval de la Princesse of the Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, by Germain Boffrand, Charles-Joseph Natoire and Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, 1737-1739
Library of the Wiblingen Abbey, Ulm, Germany, unknown architect, mid 18th century.jpeg|Library of the Wiblingen Abbey, Ulm, Germany, by Christian Wiedemann, 1737-1744
Hôtel Jeanne d'Albret.jpeg|Hôtel Jeanne d'Albret, Paris, by J.B. Vautrin, 1740
Coromandel lacquer room, Schloss Falkenlust, Brühl, Germany, unknown architect, 1740s.jpeg|Coromandel lacquer room, Schloss Falkenlust, Brühl, Germany, unknown architect, 1740s
Saint John Nepomuk, Munich, Germany, by Egid Quirin Asam and Cosmas Damian Asam, 1740.jpeg|Saint John Nepomuk, Munich, Germany, by Egid Quirin Asam and Cosmas Damian Asam, 1750
Nancy Place Stanislas BW 2015-07-18 16-35-40.jpeg|Gilded wrought iron fence of the Place Stanislas, Nancy, France, by Jean Lamour, 1750-1758
Gate with two statues and elaborate wrought-iron grilles, Würzburg, Germany, 1752, grilles by Johann Georg Oegg.jpeg|Gate with two statues and elaborate wrought-iron grilles, Würzburg, Germany, grilles by Johann Georg Oegg, 1752
Palace of Queluz (Lisbon, Portugal), 1752, by Mateus Vicente de Oliveira.jpeg|Palace of Queluz, Lisbon, Portugal, by Mateus Vicente de Oliveira, 1752
Pilgrimage Church of Wies (Steingaden, Germany), 1754, by Dominikus and Johann Baptist Zimmermann.jpeg|Pilgrimage Church of Wies, Steingaden, Germany, by Dominikus and Johann Baptist Zimmermann, 1754
Interior of the Claydon House, Middle Claydon, Buckinghamshire, UK, by Luke Lightfoot, 1775.jpeg|Interior of the Claydon House, Middle Claydon, Buckinghamshire, UK, by Luke Lightfoot, 1775
Detail above a mirror in Louis XV's Bedroom, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, unknown architect, unknown date.jpeg|Detail above a mirror in Louis XV's Bedroom, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, unknown architect, unknown date
Cartouche in the Chambre de la Reine, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, unknown architect, unknown date.jpeg|Cartouche in the Chambre de la Reine, Palace of Versailles, unknown architect, unknown date
Black and white floor tiles.jpeg|Black and white floor tiles
Detail of Hôtel du Barry, Paris, unknown architect, unknown date.jpeg|Detail of Hôtel du Barry, Paris, unknown architect, unknown date
Lantern in the Place Stanislas, Nancy, France, by Jean Lamour, unknown date.png|Lantern in the Place Stanislas, Nancy, France, by Jean Lamour, unknown date
==Art==
Similarly with the case of architecture, Rococo paintings and sculptures are characterized by elegantly flowing shapes and pastel colours. They often show romantic subjects, moments of aristocratic life, and scenes of Greco-Roman mythology. With his sensuous paintings, François Boucher was one of the most acclaimed Rococo painters, but the most significant was Jean-Antoine Watteau, with his 'fête galante' outdoor scenes. Paintings of this type were also popular in England and Italy. Besides canvases, impressive frescos were produced in this style as well. In present-day Germany, multiple palaces and churches have painted ceilings, featuring complex scenes. They were influenced by the works of 17th century Baroque painted Andrea Pozzo, who made illusionistic ceiling paintings. These painted ceilings evoke joy and triumph. 
Rococo sculptures feature elegantly flowing shapes, just like how paintings do. Sculptures of cherubs (aka putti), are often used for decorating buildings, both secular and religious. Some marble sculptures had also porcelain reproductions, like the Seated Cupid by Étienne-Maurice Falconet. Reliefs of human faces (aka mascarons) are sometimes used for decorating keystones at the top of windows or doors, especially in French architecture.
The Embarkation for Cythera; by Jean-Antoine Watteau; 1718; oil on canvas.jpeg|The Embarkation for Cythera, by Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1718, oil on canvas
The Shop Sign of Gersaint, by Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1720-1721, oil on canvas.jpeg|The Shop Sign of Gersaint, by Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1720-1721, oil on canvas
Country Entertainment- The Music, by Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1720-1723, oil on canvas.jpeg|Country Entertainment: The Music, by Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1720-1723, oil on canvas
Country Entertainment- The Dance, by Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1720-1723, oil on canvas.jpeg|Country Entertainment: The Dance, by Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1720-1723, oil on canvas
Louis XV as Jupiter, by Nicolas Coustou, 1731, marble.jpeg|Louis XV as Jupiter, by Nicolas Coustou, 1731, marble
The Triumph of Venus, by François Boucher, 1740, oil on canvas.jpeg|The Triumph of Venus, by François Boucher, 1740, oil on canvas
Saint Benedict and his Followers Pay Homage to the Virgin Mat and the Holy Trinity, Franz Joseph Spiegler, by Franz Joseph Spiegler, 1751, fresco on a church ceiling.jpeg|Saint Benedict and his Followers Pay Homage to the Virgin Mary and the Holy Trinity, by Franz Joseph Spiegler, 1751, fresco on a church ceiling
Madame de Pompadour; by François Boucher; 1756; oil on canvas.jpeg|Madame de Pompadour, by François Boucher, 1756, oil on canvas
Seated Cupid, by Étienne-Maurice Falconet, 1757, marble.jpeg|Seated Cupid, by Étienne-Maurice Falconet, 1757, marble
The Swing; by Jean-Honoré Fragonard; 1767; oil on canvas; 81 x 64 cm; Wallace Collection (London).jpeg|The Swing, by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, c.1767, oil on canvas, scandalous for its time!
Blindman's Buff, by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, 1775–1780, oil on canvas.jpeg|Blindman's Buff, by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, 1775–1780, oil on canvas
Prologue d'Amphitiron.jpeg|Prologue d'Amphitiron, engraved by Laurent Cars after François Boucher, unkown date, engraving
==Design==
Most of the characteristics of architecture, like asymmetry or the wide use of foliage decoration, are also present in Rococo design. S and C-shaped volutes appear everywhere, from furniture to porcelain. 
The most widely used materials are oak, beech, walnut, gilt bronze and brass, grey, pink, red, green, orange or blue marble; velvets, fabrics, and silks in light colours. Sometimes, Chinese black and glossy lacquer panels were used for making furniture. In some cases, rectangular or medallion-shaped painted Sèvres porcelain plaques were used for decorating. However, in most cases wood was inlayed and designs of flowers, trophies, characters, or just geometric shapes decorated furniture. Different types of wood were used for achieving different colours. Gilded wood is used less than in the Baroque period, being reserved for mirror frames, console tables and some archairs. Bronze fittings were often gilded using mercury (ormolu).
Most of the Rococo chairs have their framework painted in light colours, like white. Their upholstery is decorated, either with foliage or pastoral scenes. Desks and commodes were usually decorated with gilt bronze mounts, and had marble tops, usually white or grey. 
Delicate Rococo porcelain figures and vases were produced during the 18th century. They are often coloured and glossy, but also sometimes completely white and biscuit porcelain. Some marble sculptures had also porcelain reproductions, like the Seated Cupid by Étienne-Maurice Falconet, and some porcelain figures were made after paintings. The most famous manufactories were at Meissen (near Dresden) in Germany, and Sèvres in France. Porcelain was developed in China in the 9th century. Its recipe was kept secret from other nations, and only successfully copied in the 15th century by the Japanese and Vietnamese. During the 18th century, European kilns finally figured out how to make porcelain, beginning with the alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger and the physicist Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhausen, who made the first European variety in 1709. Later, other kilns stole the recipe or came up with their own porcelain technology.
Pair of candelabra, by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, 18th century, soft-paste porcelain.jpeg|Pair of candelabra, by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, 18th century, soft-paste porcelain
Wall clock (pendule en cartel), by Charles Cressent.jpeg|Wall clock (pendule en cartel), by Charles Cressent, c.1740-1745, gilded bronze, oak, and tortoiseshell on brass marquetry on oak, white enamel and gilded brass with blued-steel hands
Jean pierre latz, commode, 1745-50 ca, con terracotta di un seguace di clodion.jpeg|Chest of drawers (commode), by Jean-Pierre Latz, 1745, oak, tulipwood marquetry, gilt metal mounts, and marble
Commode, by Charles Cressent, circa 1745-1749, pine and oak veneered with amaranth and bois satiné; drawer bottoms of walnut, drawer sides of oak, drawer fronts of pine, gilt-bronze mounts, marble top.jpeg|Commode, by Charles Cressent, c.1745-1749, pine and oak veneered with amaranth and bois satiné, drawer bottoms of walnut, drawer sides of oak, drawer fronts of pine, gilt-bronze mounts, marble top
Mantel clock, by the Chantilly Porcelain Manufactory, circa 1745-1749, soft-paste and hard-paste porcelain mounted on gilt bronze, clock face of white enameled metal.jpeg|Mantel clock, by the Chantilly Porcelain Manufactory, c.1745-1749, soft-paste and hard-paste porcelain mounted on gilt bronze, clock face of white enameled metal
Wall elevation with a secretaire, from 'Schreibtische', by Franz Xaver Habermann and Johann Georg Hertel, circa 1748-1770, etching.jpeg|Wall elevation with a secretaire, from 'Schreibtische', by Franz Xaver Habermann and Johann Georg Hertel, c.1748-1770, etching
Candelabrum; by Jean Joseph de Saint-Germain; c.1750; gilt bronze; overall- 72.4 x 49.3 x 39.7 cm; Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland, Ohio, USA).jpeg|Candelabrum, by Jean Joseph de Saint-Germain, c.1750, gilt bronze
À la reine armchair - MAD 3592.jpeg|À la reine armchair, mid 18th century, carved and gilded walnut, upholstery in wool and silk tapestry
Cup with saucer, by Francois Binet, circa 1753, soft-paste porcelain with glaze and enamel.jpeg|Cup with saucer, by Francois Binet, c.1753, soft-paste porcelain with glaze and enamel
Small work table, attributed to Adrien Delorme, circa 1755, inlayed rosewood and gilt bronze.jpeg|Small work table, attributed to Adrien Delorme, c.1755, inlayed rosewood and gilt bronze
Covered tureen (terrine du roi); by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres 1756; soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration.jpeg|Covered tureen (terrine du roi), by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, 1756, soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration
Coffeepot; 1757; silver.jpeg|Coffeepot, by François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle
Fan with the garden of the Chiswick villa, 1757, kid and ivory.jpeg|Fan with the garden of the Chiswick villa, 1757, kid and ivory
Elephant Candelabrum Vase, 1757-1758, Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, probably designed by Jean-Claude Duplessis, painted by Pierre-Louis-Philippe Armand.jpeg|Elephant candelabrum vase, 1757-1758, by the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, probably designed by Jean-Claude Duplessis and painted by Pierre-Louis-Philippe Armand, soft-paste porcelain with polychrome enamels and gilding
Bureau du Roi, 1760-1769, bronze, marquetry of a variety of fine woods, Sèvres porcelain 1.jpeg|Bureau du Roi, 1760-1769, bronze, marquetry of a variety of fine woods, Sèvres porcelain
Perfume vase, by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, circa 1761, soft-paste porcelain with burnished gold ground.jpeg|Perfume vase, by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, c.1761, soft-paste porcelain with burnished gold ground
Wall sconce (bras de cheminée) (one of a pair) MET DP155339.jpeg|Wall sconce (bras de cheminée) (one of a pair), by the Sèvres Porcelain Manufactory, c.1761, soft-paste porcelain and gilt bronze
Armchair, produced in the workshop of Louis Delanois, circa 1763, sculpted and gilt wood with Beauvais upholstery.jpeg|Armchair, produced in the workshop of Louis Delanois, c.1763, sculpted and gilt wood with Beauvais upholstery
Desk (bureau-à-cylindre), by Jean-François Leleu, circa 1767-1770, gilt bronze and marquetry of various wood types.jpeg|Desk (bureau-à-cylindre), by Jean-François Leleu, c.1767-1770, gilt bronze and marquetry of various wood types
Rococo writing.jpeg|Rococo writing
==Fashion==
Rococo fashion was based on extravagance, elegance, refinement and decoration.
===Men's Fashion===
====Suits ====
*Habit à la française
==== Accessories====
*Tricorne Hats
===Women's Fashion===
====Gowns ====
*Brunswick
*Chemise à la reine
*Robe à l’anglaise
*Robe à la française
*Robe à la polonaise
====Footwear ==== 
*Louis Heels
====Accessories====
*Fichu
*Gloves
*Hand Fans
====Jewelry====
*Cameos
*Diamond Bracelets
*Diamond Collars
*Diamond Earrings
*Lace Chokers
*Pearl Earrings
*Pearl Necklaces
Madame de Pompadour, pastel by Maurice Quentin de La Tour, shown at the Paris Salon, 1755 (Louvre).jpeg|Madame de Pompadour, by Maurice Quentin de La Tour, 1755
Boucher, François - Marquise de Pompadour at the Toilet-Table.jpeg|Jeanne Antoinette at a vanity table (toilette table) applying blush, by François Boucher, 1758
Louis XVI in early adulthood, by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis, 1774-1776.jpeg|Louis XVI in early adulthood, by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis, 1774-1776
French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, circa 1778.jpeg|French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, c.1778
Coiffure à l’Indépendance ou Le Triomphe de la Liberté, 1778, depicting a fashionable aristocratic woman is applying the finishing touches to her toilette.jpeg|Coiffure à l’Indépendance ou Le Triomphe de la Liberté, 1778, depicting a fashionable aristocratic woman is applying the finishing touches to her toilette
Woman wearing a Robe a Poloniose, unknown illustrator, 1778.jpeg|Woman wearing a Robe a Poloniose, unknown illustrator, 1778
Male French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, 1778.jpeg|French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, 1778
Another French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, circa 1778.jpeg|French fashion plate from La Galerie des Modes, unknown illustrator, 1778
Robe à l'Anglaise, unknown illustrator, 1778.jpeg|Robe à l'Anglaise, unknown illustrator, 1778
1779 French Fashion Plate.jpeg|French fashion plate, unknown illustrator, 1779
Marie-Antoinette with the Rose; by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun; 1783; oil on canvas.jpeg|Marie-Antoinette with the Rose, by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, 1783
French fashion plate, by Pierre-Thomas LeClerc, 1784.jpeg|French fashion plate, by Pierre-Thomas LeClerc, 1784
==Rococo Chinoiserie==
Chinoiserie was a Western decorative style of Orientalism popular during the 18th century that was heavily inspired by Chinese arts. It blended well with Rococo and both aesthetics synergized in a movement known as Rococo Chinoiserie.Wikipedia:Chinoiserie
Nobles and kings built little structures inspired by these styles in the gardens of their palaces. They fully decorated a handful of rooms of palaces, with Chinese lacquer panels used as wall panels. Due to its aspect, black lacquer was popular for Western men's studies. Those panels used in chinoiserie were usually glossy and black, made in the Henan province of China. They were made of multiple layers of lacquer, then incised with motifs in-filled with colour and gold. Chinese, but also Japanese lacquer panels were also used by some 18th century European carpenters for making furniture. Lacquered furniture was admired for its impermeability and for its lustrous beauty. In order to be produced, Asian screens were dismantled and used to veneer European-made furniture. The vogue for East Asian objects was not limited only lacquer. Porcelain brought from the east was very popular, both as vases and figures. Porcelain collections were often displayed on the walls of certain rooms, usually each vase or figurine having a bracket under it. In some cases, Chinese or Japanese ceramics were decorated by Europeans with gilt bronze mounts.
Chinoiserie objects and architecture were also produced during the 19th century, but without the Rococo twist like they were in the 18th century. Chinoiserie also sometimes extended to music, an example of this being the 1931 song 'The Yodelling Chinaman' by George van Dusen. Music in Western genres but with an East Asian twist is also produced in recent times, such is the case of 'Song 2' from 2004 by DJ Krush.
The Chinese Dance, by François Boucher, 1742, oil on cloth.jpeg|The Chinese Dance, by François Boucher, 1742, oil on cloth
Side table (commode en console), by Bernard II van Risamburgh, circa 1755-1760, Japanese lacquer, gilt-bronze mounts and Sarrancolin marble top.jpeg|Side table (commode en console), by Bernard II van Risamburgh, c.1755-1760, Japanese lacquer, gilt-bronze mounts and Sarrancolin marble top
Chinese House, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, Germany, by Johann Gottfried Büring, 1755-1764.jpeg|Chinese House, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, Germany, by Johann Gottfried Büring, 1755-1764
Chinese Pavilion, Ekerö Municipality, Sweden, by Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, 1763–1769.jpeg|Chinese Pavilion, Ekerö Municipality, Sweden, by Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, 1763–1769
==Decline ==
Due to its association with an increasingly irrelevant aristocracy, the Rococo was replaced during the mid-18th century by Neoclassicism, a movement that heavily takes its inspiration from and tries to revive the art of Ancient Greece and Rome. Most writings place the end of the Rococo in the mid-18th century, however, impressive Rococo art was also produced during the 1760s and 1770s, and artists like Josef Anton Mesmer were painting illusionistic ceilings in rural Switzerland as late as 1815. Some of the most important figures of the movement flourished long after the style's purported death. In more remote areas of Latin America, where non-white artists who were kept out of the metropolitan academies found patrons among Amerindians, Baroque and Rococo churches were still being built in the 1850s.
The transition from Rococo to Neoclassicism wasn't very abrupt. Some of the biggest patrons of Rococo art also commissioned early Neoclassical works. Madame de Pompadour, one of the main figures of Rococo, commissioned the Petit Trianon, one of the most important examples of French Neoclassical architecture. Similarly, Louis XV, the king at whose court the Rococo flourished, founded the Panthéon, another iconic Neoclassical monument. Besides this, in France there was the Louis XVI style, which uses shapes and motifs taken from ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman antiquity, but still has the sweet, delicate and fancy vibe of the Rococo. In the UK, Robert Adam's Greco-Roman inspired interior of the Eating Room in the Osterley Park, near London, despite being Neoclassical, is painted mainly in white and pastel green and pink, reminiscent of Rococo. It must be mentioned that Neoclassicism wasn't about copying. Artists didn't try to become frozen in the past, but to use Antiquity and its ideals in a way that was relevant to contemporary society.
Eating Room, Osterley Park, London, 1761, by Robert Adam.jpeg|Eating Room, Osterley Park, London, 1761, by Robert Adam. Despite being Neoclassical through its ornaments inspired by Greco-Roman antiquity and the division of the walls into rectangular panels, it is reminiscent of Rococo through the pastel colours and the delicacy
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David, 1784, oil on canvas.jpeg|Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David, 1784, oil on canvas, an iconic Neoclassical painting that represents the style. Compare it to Rococo paintings and see the big differences, like the use of darker colours or the more dramatic and serious subject
Folding stool (pliant), 1786, carved and painted beechwood, covered in pink silk.jpeg|Louis XVI style folding stool (pliant), 1786, carved and painted beechwood, covered in pink silk. Despite using motifs and being based on Greco-Roman antiquity, it still has the delicacy and pastel colours or Rococo
Blue Salon of the Château de Compiègne Compiègne, France.jpeg|Blue Salon of the Château de Compiègne Compiègne, France. This a good example of a Neoclassical interior. Notice the wide use of straight lines and the division of walls and doors into rectangular panels
==Revivals and later influence==
Similarly with other styles, like the Gothic or the Baroque, there was a revival of the rococo during the 19th century. This 19th century revival was popular particularly in France, due to the fact that this is the country where the style appeared in the 18th century. Neo-Rococo buildings, furniture, paintings, tableware, mantel clocks and other objects were created during the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Between the 1830s and the 1860s, Jacob Petit produced porcelain inspired by the curvy lines and shapes of rococo, some of which are exhibited in the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris. 
After WW1, styles of the past were seen as "dated" or "passé", including the rococo. The complex ornaments of these movements were replaced by geometric shapes and abstracted motifs, or just simple blank surfaces, in Art Deco, Bauhaus and mid-century design. Later, during the late 2000s, the 2010s and the 2020, due to the interest for vintage stuff and the appreciation of young generation for styles of the past, new Rococo objects were and are produced. This present-day revival was particularly popular in frames and porcelain, since most frames and tableware that try to look "vintage" or "old" are in this style. Some music videos or high-fashion outfits also make references to the style. The best example of this is Katy Perry's 2018 song and music video Hey Hey Hey.
Wrest Park, Bedfordshire, UK, by Thomas Philip 2nd Earl de Grey, 1834-1836.jpeg|Wrest Park, Bedfordshire, UK, by Thomas Philip 2nd Earl de Grey, 1834-1836, an example of Rococo Revival architecture
Clock, probably by Nicolas Bugeard, Paris, mid-19th century, painted and gilded hard porcelain.jpeg|Clock, probably by Nicolas Bugeard, mid-19th century, painted and gilded hard porcelain
Rococo Revival outfit from L'Art du Travestissement, by Léon Sault, 1870s or 1880s.png|Rococo Revival outfit from L'Art du Travestissement, by Léon Sault, 1870s or 1880s
The entrance to an exhibition of French pastellists at the 1889 Wold Exhibition, Paris, unknown architect, 1889.jpeg|The entrance to an exhibition of French pastellists at the 1889 World Exhibition, Paris, unknown architect, 1889
Apartment building no. 8 on Rue de Miromesnil, Paris, 1900, by P. Lobrot.jpeg|Apartment building no. 8 on Rue de Miromesnil, Paris, by P. Lobrot, 1900
Dining Room of Belgrave Square no. 5, London, by Stéphane Boudin, 1934, inspired by the light-blue and silver Amalienburg pavilion of the Nymphenburg Palace near Munich, Germany.png|Dining Room of Belgrave Square no. 5, London, by Stéphane Boudin, 1934, inspired by the light-blue and silver Amalienburg pavilion of the Nymphenburg Palace near Munich, Germany
Spine Chair, by André Dubreuil, 1986, waxed steel.jpeg|Spine Chair, by André Dubreuil, 1986, waxed steel
Evening gown, designed by Yves Saint Laurent, worn by Magali Lemoire, Spring-Summer 1994, photo by Guy Marineau.jpeg|Evening gown, designed by Yves Saint Laurent, worn by Magali Lemoire, Spring-Summer 1994, photo by Guy Marineau
The Swing, after Jean-Honoré Fragonard, by Yinka Shonibare (full).jpeg|The Swing, by Yinka Shonibare, after Jean-Honoré Fragonard, 2001, life-size fiberglass mannequin, Dutch wax printed cotton textiles, swing, artificial foliage
Predictive Dream, by Aoki Katsuyo, 2005, porcelain.jpeg|Predictive Dream, by Aoki Katsuyo, 2005, porcelain
Photo from the 2008 Lavazza Calendar, by Finlay Mackay, probably 2007, photo.jpeg|Photo from the 2008 Lavazza Calendar, by Finlay Mackay, c.2007, photo
Wardrobe, by the design duo Jimmie and Martin of Jimmie Martin Ltd, circa 2008, wooden furniture covered in paint and graffiti.jpeg|Wardrobe, by the design duo Jimmie and Martin of Jimmie Martin Ltd, c.2008, wooden furniture covered in paint and graffiti
Mirror frame, by Luis Alicandu aka CacoUno (his Graffiti tag nickname), circa 2008, possibly plywood.jpeg|Mirror frame, by Luis Alicandu aka CacoUno (his Graffiti tag nickname), c.2008, possibly plywood
Screenshot from Katy Perry's Hey Hey Hey music video (01).png|Screenshot from Katy Perry's Hey Hey Hey music video, 2018
Warm, by Flora Yukhnovich, 2020, oil on linen.webp|Warm, Wet N' Wild, by Flora Yukhnovich, 2020, oil on linen
Rococo-inspired outfit, part of ”Lights, Glamour, Action” by Daniel Sachon for Tatler UK April 2022.webp|Rococo-inspired outfit, part of ”Lights, Glamour, Action” by Daniel Sachon, for Tatler UK April 2022
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