Enderronian federal election, 1990

---- 	
---- 	
----
← 1986 	15 September 1990 	1994 →
---- 	
---- 	
----
All 140 seats in the Enderronian Parliament71 seats needed for a majority	All 140 seats in the Enderronian Parliament71 seats needed for a majority	All 140 seats in the Enderronian Parliament71 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 	13,847,662 (95.51%) ( 1.15pp) 	13,847,662 (95.51%) ( 1.15pp)
 	 	
 	width="33%" 	width="33%"
Leader 	Helen Vandenberg 	Mike Behrens
Party 	Social Democrats 	United
Leader since 	19 June 1987 	27 March 1979
Leader's seat 	Rosslea (JZ) 	Wolseley (NS)
Last election 	54 seats, 32.21% 	61 seats, 31.45%
Seats won 	72 	51
Seat change 	18 	10
Popular vote 	5,341,043 	3,002,173
Percentage 	38.57% 	21.68%
Swing 	6.36pp 	9.77pp
TPP 	52.22% 	47.78%
TPP swing 	3.78pp 	3.78pp
---- 	
---- 	
----
 	 	
 	width="33%" 	width="33%"
Leader 	Jonathan Bowen 	Michael Paxton
Party 	Conservative 	National
Leader since 	6 October 1982 	21 October 1985
Leader's seat 	Carlisle (FL)Won Richmond (FL) 	Greenberg (GB)
Last election 	5 seats, 13.78% 	4 seats, 4.97%
Seats won 	11 	5
Seat change 	6 	1
Popular vote 	2,428,880 	1,071,809
Percentage 	17.54% 	7.74%
Swing 	3.76pp 	2.77pp
---- 	
---- 	
----
Winning party by electorate 	Winning party by electorate 	Winning party by electorate
---- 	
---- 	
----
Prime Minister before election 	Prime Minister before election 	Elected Prime Minister
Mike BehrensUnited 	Mike BehrensUnited 	Helen VandenbergSocial Democrats
A federal election was held in Enderron on Saturday 15 September 1990 to elect the 140 members of the 12th Enderronian Parliament.
The incumbent United Party government, led by Prime Minister Mike Behrens, was seeking a second term. It was heavily defeated by the opposition Social Democratic Party, led by Helen Vandenberg, who became Enderron's first female prime minister.
The election was largely fought on the record of the United–Conservative coalition government, and its platform of deregulation, privatisation and free trade. The United and Conservative parties campaigned separately after no consensus was reached about continuing the coalition agreement following the election.
Although Behrens' personal popularity remained high, the United Party had become deeply unpopular by the time of the election, and many of its efforts to privatise and deregulate parts of the economy were seen as too radical. It also continued to leak support to the Conservatives. The opposition focused on the coalition's internal disputes and lack of unity. The Social Democrats, under leader Helen Vandenberg, had been well ahead in the polls for most of 1990, and were seen as the favourites to win the election.
The Social Democrats ended up winning 38.6 percent of the vote and 72 seats, a majority of three. The centre-right vote was split between the United Party with 21.7 percent and the Conservative Party with 17.6 percent.
To date, this is the last time that a sitting government at the federal level has been defeated after a single term, and the first occurrence since 1930. It is also the only election in which the Social Democrats won more than one seat in modern-day Flinders (that is, excluding Avalon), the earliest election in which both major party leaders are still living, and the first election in which a major party leader was a woman.
==Results==
↓ 	↓ 	↓ 	↓
72 	6 	11 	51
Social Democrats	Oth	Con	United
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Party 	Party 	Votes 	% 	Swing 	Seats 	+/−
 	Social Democrats 	5,341,043 	38.57 	6.36 	72 	18
 	United 	3,002,173 	21.68 	9.77 	51 	10
 	Conservative 	2,428,880 	17.54 	3.76 	11 	6
 	National 	1,071,809 	7.74 	2.77 	5 	1
 	Liberal Democrats 	865,479 	6.25 	2.85 	0 	1
 	Progressive 	278,338 	2.01 	3.14 	0 	0
 	Other 	859,940 	6.21 	2.87 	1 	1
Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote	Two-party-preferred vote
 	Social Democrats 	7,231,249 	52.22 	3.78 	72 	18
 	United 	6,616,413 	47.78 	3.78 	51 	10
Total 	Total 	13,847,662 	100 	 	140 	
Independents: Jack Berg
===Results by prefecture===
Party 	Party 	Party 	WE	NS	CO	NP	TJ	PL	WS	JZ	FL	LS	MA	KA	NC	LR	SY	SA	GB 	Total
rowspan="2"	Social Democrats	Seats: 	11	8 	7 	8 	7 	6 	1 	6 	2 	6 	2 	3 	3 	0 	1 	1 	0 	72
Vote: 	Social Democrats	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	38.57	
rowspan="2"	United 	Seats: 	8 	8 	4 	3 	5 	5 	8 	2 	2 	0 	1 	1 	0 	2 	2 	0 	0 	51
Vote: 	United 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	21.68	
rowspan="2"	Conservative 	Seats: 	2 	0 	3 	1 	0 	0 	0 	0 	3 	1 	0 	0 	0 	1 	0 	0 	0 	11
Vote: 	Conservative 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	17.54	
rowspan="2"	National 	Seats: 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1 	0 	1 	0 	2 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1 	5
Vote: 	National 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	7.74 	
rowspan="2"	Other 	Seats: 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	0 	1
Vote: 	Other 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	14.47	
Total seats	Total seats 	Total seats	21	16	14	12	12	11	11	8 	8 	7 	5 	4 	3 	3 	3 	1 	1 	140
===Results by region===
Party 	Party 	Party 	Central	West	East	North	Total
rowspan="2"	Social Democrats	Seats: 	39 	10 	13 	10 	72
Vote: 	Social Democrats	 	 	 	 	38.57	
rowspan="2"	United 	Seats: 	28 	14 	8 	1 	51
Vote: 	United 	 	 	 	 	21.68	
rowspan="2"	Conservative 	Seats: 	4 	6 	0 	1 	11
Vote: 	Conservative 	 	 	 	 	17.54	
rowspan="2"	National 	Seats: 	0 	2 	2 	1 	5
Vote: 	National 	 	 	 	 	7.74 	
rowspan="2"	Other 	Seats: 	0 	1 	0 	0 	1
Vote: 	Other 	 	 	 	 	14.47	
Total seats	Total seats 	Total seats	71 	33 	23 	13 	140
===Seats changing hands===
Seat 	Pre-1990	Pre-1990 	Pre-1990 	Pre-1990	Swing	Post-1990	Post-1990 	Post-1990 	Post-1990
Seat 	Party 	Party 	Member 	Margin 	Swing	Margin 	Member 	Party 	Party
Brooklyn, JZ 	 	Social Democrats 	Tommy Walters 	1.68 	1.84 	0.16 	William Heyden 	United 	
Carlisle, FL 	 	Conservative 	Jonathan Bowen 	1.41 	N/A 	2.24 	Jennifer Smith 	Social Democrats	
Cheltenham, CO 	 	United 	Mitchell Dawe 	3.31 	7.21 	3.90 	Doug Caines 	Social Democrats	
Dalton, MA 	 	National 	notional – new seat	5.42 	N/A 	3.39 	Isabella Teles 	United 	
Docklands, WE 	 	Social Democrats 	notional – new seat	0.24 	4.37 	4.13 	Jane Billingsley	United 	
Essendon, FL 	 	United 	notional – new seat	6.81 	8.03 	1.22 	Simon Kempton 	Social Democrats	
Fairfax, FL 	 	United 	Ronald Zimmerman 	2.16 	5.93 	3.77 	Martin Brooks 	National 	
Fairfield, NC 	 	United 	Adam Hutchinson 	1.49 	5.01 	3.52 	Benjamin Leitner	Social Democrats	
Hamilton, WS 	 	Social Democrats 	Liam De Araujo 	2.03 	3.85 	1.82 	James Crewther 	United 	
Harrison, FL 	 	United 	Robert Shields 	20.04 	N/A 	8.69 	Matthew Caine 	Conservative 	
Hexham, NP 	 	United 	Wayne Bradbury 	2.24 	2.65 	0.41 	Murph Hackett 	Social Democrats	
Jingcheng, LS 	 	United 	Barry Marsden 	4.43 	9.40 	4.97 	Anika Kwok 	Social Democrats	
Kingston, NP 	 	United 	J. K. Parkes 	0.33 	8.95 	8.62 	Alexander Tam 	Social Democrats	
Lakeside, KA 	 	National 	Mark Barnes 	0.93 	2.20 	1.27 	Douglas Chang 	Social Democrats	
Linden, WE 	 	United 	Roger Baker 	12.54 	17.08	4.54 	John Gillmartin 	Social Democrats	
Middle Range, WS 	 	United 	Nate Garrett 	21.84 	N/A 	2.34 	Glen Tyler 	National 	
Mizuoka, KA 	 	United 	Elliot Pegg 	1.24 	4.64 	3.40 	Paul Jovanovski 	Social Democrats	
Nord, WS 	 	Social Democrats 	notional – new seat	6.19 	N/A 	2.74 	Jack Berg 	Independent 	
O'Malley, MA 	 	United 	Jade Whittington 	1.10 	3.76 	2.66 	Michael Crown 	Social Democrats	
Olympia, WE 	 	United 	notional – new seat	7.71 	8.17 	0.46 	Patrick Tiller 	Conservative 	
Palmerston East, LS 	 	United 	Mary Svensson 	0.96 	5.02 	4.06 	Martin Wong 	Social Democrats	
Palmerston West, LS 	 	United 	Steve Keplinger 	2.84 	8.67 	5.83 	Jeremy Lee 	Conservative 	
Richmond, FL 	 	Social Democrats 	notional – new seat	2.69 	N/A 	4.13 	Jonathan Bowen 	Conservative 	
Rockingham Central, CO	 	United 	Brandon Wiles 	0.05 	11.03	10.98 	Tony Harris 	Social Democrats	
Rockingham North, CO 	 	United 	Anthony Bailey 	4.09 	6.25 	2.16 	Ben Thornton 	Social Democrats	
Scott, CO 	 	United 	notional – new seat	8.57 	9.17 	0.60 	Barry Dupras 	Social Democrats	
Southcott, WE 	 	Liberal Democrats	Frank Nygaard 	1.20 	N/A 	2.96 	Joe Haberfield 	Conservative 	
Watford, PL 	 	United 	Anne Kempsey 	1.82 	N/A 	4.60 	Anne Kempsey 	Social Democrats	
Whetstone, WE 	 	United 	Jack Sullivan 	0.12 	2.09 	1.97 	Danny Flanagan 	Social Democrats	
Wilson, CO 	 	United 	notional – new seat	11.39 	N/A 	15.13 	Billy Hayes 	Conservative 	
==Background==
===Parties===
Name	Name 	Ideology 	Party leader 	Seats 	Seats
Name	Name 	Ideology 	Party leader 	1986 result	At dissolution
 	United Party 	Conservative liberalism	Mike Behrens 	/ 	/
 	Social Democratic Party	Social democracy 	Helen Vandenberg	/ 	/
 	Conservative Party 	Conservatism 	Jonathan Bowen 	/ 	/
 	Enderron National Party	Agrarianism 	Michael Paxton 	/ 	/
 	Liberal Democrats 	Classical liberalism 	Adam Steggall 	/ 	/
==Pendulum==
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (72)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (72)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (72)	SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SEATS (72)
Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal
Parkes (JZ) 	Steve Hall 	SDP 	0.06
Hexham (NP) 	Murph Hackett 	SDP 	0.41
Scott (CO) 	Barry Dupras 	SDP 	0.60
Essendon (FL) 	Simon Kempton 	SDP 	1.22
Lakeside (KA) 	Douglas Chang 	SDP 	1.27
Lyndhurst (NS) 	Jeremy Weathers 	SDP 	1.37
Berkeley (PL) 	Bob Crouch 	SDP 	1.61
Douglas (NP) 	Martha Holliday 	SDP 	1.64
Whetstone (WE) 	Danny Flanagan 	SDP 	1.97
Rockingham North (CO) 	Ben Thornton 	SDP 	2.16
Carlisle (FL) 	Jennifer Smith 	SDP 	2.24
Leightonfield (NS) 	Michael Warner 	SDP 	2.64
O'Malley (MA) 	Michael Crown 	SDP 	2.66
Nanhai (PL) 	Alex Mikakos 	SDP 	2.90
Durston (TJ) 	Charles Moriyama 	SDP 	3.01
Mizuoka (KA) 	Paul Jovanovski 	SDP 	3.40
Fairfield (NC) 	Benjamin Leitner 	SDP 	3.52
Chung'an (LS) 	Andy Tao 	SDP 	3.75
Hayakita (TJ) 	Melvin Ybarra 	SDP 	3.87
Cheltenham (CO) 	Doug Caines 	SDP 	3.90
Palmerston East (LS) 	Martin Wong 	SDP 	4.06
Nishihama (TJ) 	Dirk Petersen 	SDP 	4.11
East Lynn (NP) 	Lionel Wicks 	SDP 	4.16
Edison (WE) 	Kristina Sanders 	SDP 	4.28
Linden (WE) 	John Gillmartin 	SDP 	4.54
Watford (PL) 	Anne Kempsey 	SDP 	4.60
Mulherin (LS) 	Justin Pence 	SDP 	4.79
Jingcheng (LS) 	Anika Kwok 	SDP 	4.97
Heathbridge (WE) 	Kim Hernandez 	SDP 	5.16
Sierra (SA) 	Tash McKinley 	SDP 	5.27
Stewart (NP) 	Luke Jeffrey 	SDP 	5.58
Nottingham (MA) 	Arnold Vanderkaap 	SDP 	5.61
Tanshui (JZ) 	Leonard Lee 	SDP 	5.67
Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe
Taylor (NP) 	Morgan Lewis 	SDP 	6.78
Seven Mile (PL) 	Al Howard 	SDP 	6.83
Cunningham (SY) 	Earl Ousley 	SDP 	6.96
Jackson (WE) 	Rick Clarkson 	SDP 	7.09
Meiling Bay (JZ) 	Frank Wilson 	SDP 	7.39
Coburn (NS) 	David Scotch 	SDP 	8.09
Rosslea (JZ) 	Helen Vandenberg 	SDP 	8.10
Rockingham South (CO) 	David Paterson 	SDP 	8.18
Kingston (NP) 	Alexander Tam 	SDP 	8.62
Minato (TJ) 	Seiko Yoshida-Walsh 	SDP 	9.06
Lewisham (NP) 	Michael Truong 	SDP 	9.42
MacDonnell (WE) 	Amanda Jackson 	SDP 	9.59
Wentworth (WE) 	Altonia Keys 	SDP 	9.65
Taralga (KA) 	Steve Vargas 	SDP 	9.70
Safe 	Safe 	Safe 	Safe
Burleigh (NP) 	Julie Tassell 	SDP 	10.52
Torrens (WE) 	Richard Gaiser 	SDP 	10.58
Karburgh (NC) 	Frank Chittenden 	SDP 	10.71
Strachan (NS) 	Walt Fanning 	SDP 	10.89
Forsythia (NS) 	Chris Daley 	SDP 	10.92
Rockingham Central (CO) 	Tony Harris 	SDP 	10.98
Bexley (WE) 	Anthony Faccinto 	SDP 	11.02
Shirakawa Central (TJ) 	Dallas Oishi 	SDP 	11.16
Monash (NS) 	Michelle Jowett 	SDP 	11.36
Taiping (LS) 	Luke Munro 	SDP 	11.49
Nanshan (LS) 	Hanqing Zhou 	SDP 	11.78
Dover (NC) 	Alex Dos Santos 	SDP 	12.07
Kingscliffe (JZ) 	James Thorpe 	SDP 	12.26
Grey (NS) 	Sam Kerry 	SDP 	12.64
Harvey (TJ) 	Nick Giannakopoulos 	SDP 	12.83
Anderson (WE) 	Marcel Wu 	SDP 	13.06
St Claire (PL) 	Matthew Resch 	SDP 	13.17
Endeavour (CO) 	Henry Melkert 	SDP 	13.24
Woodleigh (NS) 	Aaron Pearson 	SDP 	15.19
Shirakawa South (TJ) 	Jim Halston 	SDP 	17.51
Kensington (WE) 	Sian O'Dwyer 	SDP 	18.23
Denison (JZ) 	Anton Amalfi 	SDP 	19.92
Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe
Port William (WS) 	Jung-soo Martin Song 	SDP 	20.86
Reedijk (CO) 	Taylor Colbeck 	SDP 	21.13
Victoria (PL) 	Sue Sanford 	SDP 	25.20
UNITED SEATS (51) 	UNITED SEATS (51) 	UNITED SEATS (51)	UNITED SEATS (51)
Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal 	Marginal
Brooklyn (JZ) 	William Heyden 	UP 	0.16
Kitaoka (TJ) 	Linus Dang 	UP 	0.22
Duyfken (SY) 	Pablo Bautista Suarez	UP 	0.36
Cowper (WS) 	Melissa Hartsuyker 	UP 	0.51
Hacking (NS) 	Nigel Lethbridge 	UP 	0.55
Warwick (FL) 	Peter Sellman 	UP 	0.72
Arlington (LR) 	Frederick Bosman 	UP 	0.84
Gibson (PL) 	Kelvin Davidson 	UP 	1.08
West Lynn (NP) 	Hugh Markworth 	UP 	1.32
Kamijima (TJ) 	Richard Akiyama 	UP 	1.34
Macquarie (KA) 	Kenneth Rishworth 	UP 	1.61
Hamilton (WS) 	James Crewther 	UP 	1.82
Thompson (WE) 	Richard Riley 	UP 	2.01
Kawayama (TJ) 	Carlton Saiki 	UP 	2.28
Franklin (WE) 	Ron Tonkin 	UP 	2.51
Spilner (WS) 	Harry Ingram 	UP 	2.65
Cook (PL) 	Nicholas Dam 	UP 	2.80
Docklands (WE) 	Jane Billingsley 	UP 	2.83
Barris (WE) 	Sean Bonney 	UP 	2.87
Sjoberg (WE) 	Paul Wagner 	UP 	3.38
Dalton (MA) 	Isabella Teles 	UP 	3.39
McLaughlin (LR) 	Bob Ridgeway 	UP 	3.57
Waverton (NS) 	Eddie Bacon 	UP 	4.17
Sunnyvale (WS) 	Pieter Heyden 	UP 	5.50
Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe 	Fairly safe
Epsom (NS) 	Frank Ezarik 	UP 	6.42
Roscoe (WS) 	Colin Gonzo 	UP 	6.79
Simpson (CO) 	Gordon White 	UP 	6.87
Devereaux (NP) 	Terrence Goewey 	UP 	7.31
Channel (PL) 	Rick Linley 	UP 	7.43
Marshall Bay (CO) 	Ken Harding 	UP 	7.77
Dawson (PL) 	Greg Wittig 	UP 	8.47
Devon (PL) 	M. B. Sivakumar 	UP 	8.65
Wolseley (NS) 	Mike Behrens 	UP 	8.77
Rijkens (TJ) 	Tommy Hamilton 	UP 	9.63
Braddon (NS) 	Michael Zehnder 	UP 	9.69
Hannigan (WE) 	Ted Holland 	UP 	9.87
Safe 	Safe 	Safe 	Safe
Jenkins (WS) 	Barry Coolidge 	UP 	10.26
Wannon Bay (SY) 	Jed Tauberman 	UP 	10.56
Merewether (NS) 	Ed Tannen 	UP 	10.85
Yamaguchi (TJ) 	Sarah Collignon 	UP 	11.56
Campbell (FL) 	John Mahler 	UP 	11.94
Orange (WS) 	Jeff McAllister 	UP 	12.21
Formosa (JZ) 	Andrew Quinton 	UP 	13.09
Double Bay (NS) 	Jon Barnsworth 	UP 	13.75
Rock Valley (NS) 	Rupert Clarke 	UP 	14.15
Brighton (WE) 	Christopher Gallagher	UP 	14.99
Kennedy (WS) 	James Barr 	UP 	15.21
Epping (NP) 	Trent Fairweather 	UP 	15.47
Tregear (CO) 	Shirley Swanson 	UP 	19.46
Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe 	Very safe
Bayswater (WE) 	Spencer Fox 	UP 	20.64
Mayfair (CO) 	Ed Calderon 	UP 	21.37
CROSSBENCH SEATS (17)	 	 	
Olympia (WE) 	Patrick Tiller 	CON 	0.46 v UP
Normanhurst (CO) 	Andrew Christie 	CON 	0.92 v SDP
Middle Range (WS) 	Glen Tyler 	ENP 	2.34 v UP
Nord (WS) 	Jack Berg 	IND 	2.74 v SDP
Forrest (MA) 	Doug Fuller 	ENP 	2.93 v UP
Southcott (WE) 	Joe Haberfield 	CON 	2.96 v LDP
Wilson (CO) 	Billy Hayes 	CON 	3.74 v UP
Fairfax (FL) 	Martin Brooks 	ENP 	3.77 v UP
Richmond (FL) 	Jonathan Bowen 	CON 	4.13 v UP
Palmerston West (LS) 	Jeremy Lee 	CON 	5.83 v SDP
Aston (NP) 	Pete Skinner 	CON 	6.49 v UP
Mount Gilbert (MA) 	Eric Wojtczak 	ENP 	7.97 v UP
Wollstonecraft (LR) 	Pat Landon 	CON 	8.04 v UP
Harrison (FL) 	Matthew Caine 	CON 	8.69 v UP
Oxley (CO) 	Wally Koepke 	CON 	8.93 v UP
Greenberg (GB) 	Michael Paxton 	ENP 	12.98 v SDP
Mitchell (FL) 	Kay Noonan 	CON 	17.84 v SDP
==Opinion polling==
===Graphical summary===