Earl of Northumbria

Earl of Northumbria or Ealdorman of Northumbria was a title in the late Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Scandinavian and early Anglo-Norman period in England. The ealdordom was a successor of the Norse Kingdom of York. In the seventh century, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were united in the kingdom of Northumbria, but this was destroyed by the Vikings in 867. Southern Northumbria, the former Deira, then became the Viking kingdom of York, while the rulers of Bamburgh commanded territory roughly equivalent to the northern kingdom of Bernicia. In 1006 Uhtred the Bold, ruler of Bamburgh, by command of Æthelred the Unready became ealdorman in the south, temporarily re-uniting much of the area of Northumbria into a single jurisdiction. Uhtred was murdered in 1016, and Cnut then appointed Eric of Hlathir ealdorman at York, but Uhtred's dynasty held onto Bamburgh. After the Norman Conquest the region was divided into multiple smaller baronies, one of which was the earldom of Northumberland, with others like the earldoms of York and numerous autonomous liberties such as the County Palatine of Durham and Liberty of Tynedale.
==West Saxon- and Danish-Era ealdormen==
Ealdormen before 1066	Ealdormen before 1066	Ealdormen before 1066	Ealdormen before 1066
Ruler 	Accession 	End 	Notes
Oslac 	963×966 	975 	
Thored 	975×979 	992x994 	
Ælfhelm 	c.994 	1006 	
Uhtred of Bamburgh 	1006 	1016 	
Eiríkr Hákonarson 	1016 	1023×1033 	
Siward 	1023×1033 	1055 	
Tostig Godwinson 	1055 	1065 	Deposed after rebellion.
Morcar 	1065 	c.1068 	
==Post-Conquest ealdormen==
Ealdormen after 1066 	Ealdormen after 1066	Ealdormen after 1066	Ealdormen after 1066
Ruler 	Accession 	End 	Notes
Gospatric 	c. 1068 	c. 1068 	Unclear if he was just ruler of Bamburgh or what if any jurisdiction he exercised south of the Tyne. Gospatric and his descendants were the forerunners of the earls of Dunbar.
Robert de Comines 	1068 	1069 	Killed by rebels at Durham
Waltheof of Northampton	c.1070 	1075 	
Walcher 	1075 	1080 	Also bishop of Durham.
Aubrey de Coucy 	1080 	1086 	
Robert de Mowbray 	c.1086×1090 	1095 	
==Anglo-Norman-Era baronial title==
Scottish earls 	Scottish earls	Scottish earls	Scottish earls
Ruler 	Accession 	End 	Notes
Henry of Scotland 	1139 	1152 	
William of Scotland	1152 	1157 	Title and holdings confiscated by Henry II of England. Later Purchased by Hugh de Puiset, the Bishop of Durham in 1189, and held until 1191 or so.
==See also==
*List of monarchs of Northumbria
*Rulers of Bamburgh
*Earl of York
*Earl of Northumberland
==Notes==
Category:Earldoms in England before 1066
Category:Anglo-Normans
 
Category:Noble titles created in 1067
Category:Noble titles created in 1068
Category:Noble titles created in 1070
Category:Noble titles created in 1072
Category:Noble titles created in 1075
Category:Noble titles created in 1080
Category:Noble titles created in 1086
Category:Noble titles created in 1139
Category:Noble titles created in 1189
Category:Noble titles created in 1215
Category:Lists of nobility