Keihan 1000 series (1977)

The Keihan 1000 series is a Japanese city commuter electric multiple unit operated by the Keihan Electric Railway since 1977.
==History==
In the 1960s, Keihan executives had decided to boost the voltage of the Keihan Main Line from 600V to 1,500V, which would require the upgrading of old cars and the replacement of older cars which were unable to handle the soon-to-be-boosted current of the Keihan Main Line. Older cars with nose suspension drives were said to be unable to handle the boosted currents and were Keihan's main targets for replacement; various Cardan drive shaft trains were also intended to be replaced by the 1000 series as modifying them to be able to handle the boosted voltage was difficult due to the equipment used.
Around that time, Keihan was using the 700 series cars which had just entered operation in 1967. These used nose suspension drives and as such were also not intended to be refurbished to allow the sets to handle the boosted currents; however, as the car bodies were still regarded to be in good condition having only been in use for a few short years and that there were no structural integrity issues when air conditioners were installed, it was decided that the car bodies would be reused for a new train, combining the old bodies with the new equipment required for the voltage boost.
The six 700 series sets were thus modifed at Keihan's Neyagawa Works from 1977 to 1978; all mention of the 700 series was thus removed from any roster, with the cars being named the 1000 series cars thereafter to pay homage to the older 1000 series cars which were also used for the modification of these sets. The trains thus entered service in 1977. Some modifications were made when the actual voltage boosts were conducted but otherwise the sets operated like normal.
All six sets remain in service today. 
==Design==
The 1000 series use a conventional squared-off design with dual top-mounted headlights as is typical of many Keihan electric multiple units. These feature a simple design with squared-off headlights; prior to refurbishment works these headlights were sealed beam circular headlights. These headlights were later converted into LED fixtures.
===Variations===
;Frontal variations
Keihan 1501 Pre-Refurb.jpg|Set 1501 pre-refurbishment
==Specifications==
Construction of the cars is of steel, having been converted from the 700 series cars. Cars are 18.7 meters long. The sets use field phase resistance control.
==See also==
*Gallery
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:Keihan trains
Category:Kawasaki locomotives