Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin: Venedotia or Norwallia; Middle Welsh: GuynetLewis, Timothy. A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk. Univ. Press (Manchester), 1913.) was a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.
Based in northwest Wales, the rulers of Gwynedd repeatedly rose to dominance and were acclaimed as "King of the Britons" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelynthe King of Wales from 1055 to 1063was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of Welsh princes in 1216. In 1277, the Treaty of Aberconwy granted peace between the two but would also guarantee that Welsh self-rule would end upon Llewelyn's death, and so it represented the completion of the first stage of the conquest of Wales by Edward I.History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages#Aberdyfi.2C Worcester.2C and Strata Florida.3B 1216.E2.80.931240|Aberdyfi
Welsh tradition credited the founding of Gwynedd to the Brittonic polity of Gododdin (Old Welsh Guotodin, earlier Brittonic form Votadini) from Lothian invading the lands of the Brittonic polities of the Deceangli, Ordovices, and Gangani in the 5th century.Davies, John. A History of Wales. Penguin (New York), 1994. . The sons of their leader, Cunedda, were said to have possessed the land between the rivers Dee and Teifi.Harleian MS 3859. Op. cit. Fitzpatrick-Matthews, K. "Harleian Genealogies". Accessed 29 Jan 2013. The true borders of the realm varied over time, but Gwynedd proper was generally thought to comprise the cantrefs of Aberffraw, Cemais, and Cantref Rhosyr on Anglesey and Arllechwedd, Arfon, Dunoding, Dyffryn Clwyd, Llŷn, Rhos, Rhufoniog, and Tegeingl at the mountainous mainland region of Snowdonia opposite.
==See also==
* List of rulers of Gwynedd
== Notes ==
== References ==
=== Citations ===
=== Sources ===
* BBC Wales/History, The emergence of the principality of Wales extracted 26 March 2008
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Kingdom of Gwynedd
Category:Kingdoms of Wales
Kingdom of Gwynedd
Category:Former kingdoms