Papal conclave, January 1276

Papal conclave, January 1276 (January 21–22), was the first papal election held under the rules of constitution Ubi periculum issued by Pope Gregory X in 1274, which established papal conclaves. According to Ubi periculum Cardinals were to be secluded in a closed area; they were not even accorded separate rooms. No cardinal was allowed to be attended by more than one servant unless ill. Food was to be supplied through a window; after three days of the meeting, the cardinals were to receive only one dish a day; after five days, they were to receive just bread and water. During the conclave, no cardinal was to receive any ecclesiastical revenue.
Although several times before papal elections were held in the circumstances similar to those described by Ubi periculumFor example, during Papal election, 1241 cardinals had been closed in Septizonium by senator Matteo Rosso Orsini, who gradually reduced food supplies for them, for the first time such situation was formally required by the church law. For this reason, papal conclave of January 1276 can be considered the first papal conclave in history in the strictly legal sense of this word.
==List of participants==
Pope Gregory X died on January 10, 1276 at Arezzo. At the time of his death there were probably fifteen cardinals in the Sacred College, but only thirteen of them participated in the subsequent conclave. Seven of them were created by Urban IV, four by Gregory X and one by Gregory IX:
Elector 	Cardinalatial title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Other ecclesiastical titles 	Notes
Vicedominus de Vicedominis 	Bishop of Palestrina 	June 3, 1273 	Gregory X 	 	Cardinal-nephew
João Pedro Julião 	Bishop of Frascati 	June 3, 1273 	Gregory X 	 	Future Pope John XXI
Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P. 	Bishop of Ostia e Velletri 	June 3, 1273 	Gregory X 	Grand penitentiary 	Elected Pope Innocent V
Bertrand de Saint-Martin, O.S.B.	Bishop of Sabina 	June 3, 1273 	Gregory X 	 	
Simone Paltineri 	Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino	December 17, 1261	Urban IV 	Protopriest 	
Ancher Pantaleon 	Priest of S. Prassede 	May 1262 	Urban IV 	 	
Guillaume de Bray 	Priest of S. Marco 	May 1262 	Urban IV 	 	
Riccardo Annibaldi 	Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria 	1238 	Gregory IX 	Protodeacon; Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica; Protector of the Order of Augustinians	Cardinal-nephew
Ottobono Fieschi 	Deacon of S. Adriano 	December, 1251 	Innocent IV	Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica 	Cardinal-nephew; future Pope Adrian V
Uberto Coconati 	Deacon of S. Eustachio 	December 17, 1261	Urban IV 	 	
Giacomo Savelli 	Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin 	December 17, 1261	Urban IV 	 	Future Pope Honorius IV
Goffredo da Alatri 	Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro 	December 17, 1261	Urban IV 	 	
Matteo Orsini Rosso 	Deacon of S. Maria in Portico 	May 1262 	Urban IV 	 	
==Absentee cardinals==
Two cardinals were absent, including one created by Urban IV and one created by Innocent IV:
Elector 	Cardinalatial title 	Elevated 	Elevator 	Other ecclesiastical titles 	Notes
Simon Monpitie de Brie 	Priest of S. Cecilia 	December 17, 1261	Urban IV 	Papal Legate in the Kingdom of France 	Future Pope Martin IV
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini	Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano	May 28, 1244 	Innocent IV	Inquisitor General; Protector of the Order of Franciscans	Future Pope Nicholas III
==Conclave. Election of Pope Innocent V==
On January 20, ten days after the death of Gregory X, fifteen cardinals assembled in the episcopal palace in Arezzo. In the first scrutiny on the following day they unanimously elected French Cardinal Pierre de Tarentaise, bishop of Ostia e Velletri, who took the name of Innocent V. He was the first Dominican Pope.
==Notes==
==External links==
*The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Papal conclave of January 20-21, 1276
*Vatican History: Konklave 1276 (Innozenz V)
1276
Category:1276 elections
Category:13th-century Roman Catholicism
Category:13th century in Europe
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