School bullying

School bullying is a type of bullying that occurs in connection with education, either inside or outside of school. Bullying can be physical, verbal, or emotional and is usually repeated over a period of time.Stop Bullying Now! Information, Prevention, Tips, and Games. Teen Bully
School shootings have focused attention on student bullying, with shooters in several of the worst shootings reporting they were bullied.
Studies prompted by the shootings have shown long-lasting emotional harm to victims. The studies also revealed that bullies themselves are likely to suffer problems as children and adults.Bullying Widespread in U.S. Schools
Many educational institutions have implemented anti-bullying campaigns. Studies in Norway and England confirm these programs can be effective. The programs usually focus on increasing awareness and supervision, establishing clear rules, and providing support and protection for victims.
==Types of bullying and what it means to bully==
School bullying is behavior intended to harm or disturb the victim. It can be physical or emotional and can occur in person, electronically, or indirectly.
===Physical school bullying===
Examples of physical bullying include: Stop Bullying Now! Information, Prevention, Tips, and Games.
* Punching
* Shoving
* Slapping
* Other acts that hurt people physically and emotionally
* Attacking
* Pranks
* Teasing and abusing
===Emotional school bullying===
Examples of emotional bullying include: Stop Bullying Now! Information, Prevention, Tips, and Games.
* Spreading bad rumors about people 
* Keeping certain people out of a "group" 
* Teasing people in mean ways
* Getting certain people to "gang up" on others
* Name calling
* Taunts, Insults etc
* Harassment
* Provocation
===Electronic bullying: (cyber-bullying)===
Bullying also can happen on-line or electronically. This form of harassment is known as Cyber-bullying. It occurs when someone bullies through the Internet, mobile phones or other electronic means.Stop Bullying Now! Information, Prevention, Tips, and Games. Examples include:
* Sending mean-spirited text, e-mail, or instant messages.
* Posting inappropriate pictures or messages about others in blogs or on Web sites.
* Using someone else's user name to spread rumors or lies about someone.
* Lying to hurt internally and externally.
==Causes of school bullying==
Some children bully because they have been isolated, and they have a deep need for belonging, but they do not possess the social skills to effectively keep friends.Williams, K.D., Forgás, J.P. & von Hippel, W. (Eds.) (2005). The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, & Bullying. Psychology Press: New York, NY.
==Who bullies==
One student or a group can bully another student or a group of students. Bystanders may participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next victim. People that bully other people are the types of kids that enjoy putting other people down and that makes them feel better about themselves. People like that also feel insecure about themselves by putting others down. However, there is some research suggesting that a significant proportion of "normal" school children may not evaluate school-based violence (student-on-student victimization) as negatively or as being unacceptable as much as adults generally do, and may even derive enjoyment from it, and they may thus not see a reason to prevent it if it brings them joy on some level.Kerbs, J.J. & Jolley, J.M. The Joy of Violence: What about Violence is Fun in Middle-School? American Journal of Criminal Justice. Vol. 32, No. 1-2/ Oct. 2007.
Bullying can also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself: there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse, humiliation, or exclusion - even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies.Garbarino, J. & de Lara, E. (2003). And Words CAN Hurt Forever: How to Protect Adolescents from Bullying, Harassment, and Emotional Violence. The Free Press: New York NY.Whitted, K.S. (2005). Student reports of physical and psychological maltreatment in schools: An under-explored aspect of student victimization in schools. University of Tennessee.Whitted, K. S. & Dupper, D. R. Do Teachers Bully Students?: Findings from a Survey of Students in an Alternative Education Setting. Education and Urban Society, 2008, 40(3), 329-341.
==Strategies to reduce bullying within schools==
Researchers (Olweus, 1993;Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford Blackwell Publishers. Craig & Peplar, 1999;Craig, W.M. & Peplar, D.J. (1999). Children who bully - Will they just grow out of it? Orbit, 29 (4), 16 - 19. Ross, 1998; Ross, P.N. (1998). Arresting violence: a resource guide for schools and their communities. Toronto: Ontario Public School Teachers' Federation. Morrison, 2002;Morrison, B. (2002). Bullying and victimisation in schools: a restorative justice approach. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice. No.219; Feb. 2002. Australian Institute of Criminology. Whitted & Dupper, 2005;Whitted, K.S. & Dupper, D.R. (2005). Best Practices for Preventing or Reducing Bullying in Schools. Children and Schools, Vol. 27, No. 3, July 2005 , pp. 167-175(9).
==References==
==External links==
* Make Your Child Bully Proof
* ”Bullying Widespread in U.S. Schools, Study Finds”, National Institutes for Health
* Stop Bullying Now, Health Resources and Services Administration
* Bullying Affects All Middle School Kids, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
* Girls Bullying Girls: An Introduction to Relational Aggression, National Association of School Psychologists
* PROJECT ROCKIT: Anti-bullying program run BY young people FOR young people
Category:Sociology
Category:Social psychology
Category:Bullying
Category:School terminology