List Of Official Languages By Country & Territory

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List of official languages by country and territory
21 languages
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state, or that have status as a national language, regional language, or minority language.
Definitions
Official language
A language designated as having a unique legal status in the state: typically, the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, and often, official government business.
Regional language
A language designated as having official status limited to a specific area, administrative division, or territory of the state. (On this page a regional language has parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status.)
National language
A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this status.
List
* Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y Z
* Number of countries with the same official language See also Notes References External links
Country/Region 	Official language 	Regional language 	Minority language 	National language 	Widely spoken 	Widely spoken
Abkhazia[a] 	
* Abkhaz
* Russian 	 	Georgian 	Abkhaz 	 	
Afghanistan[1] 	
* Persian (Dari)
* Pashto 	
* Uzbek[b]
* Turkmen[b]
* Pashayi[b]
* Nuristani[b]
* Balochi[b]
* Pamiri[b] 	 	
* Persian (Dari)
* Pashto 	
* Persian (Dari) 	
* Persian (Dari)
Albania[2] 	Albanian 	 	
* Greek
* Macedonian
* Aromanian 	 	Italian 	Italian
Algeria[3] 	
* Arabic
* Berber 	 	 	
* Arabic
* Berber 	French 	French
Andorra 	Catalan[4] 	 	
* Spanish
* French
* Portuguese 	 	 	
Angola[5] 	Portuguese 	 	 	
* Kimbundu
* Umbundu
* Kikongo
* Chokwe
* Kwanyama
* Ganguela[citation needed]	
* Angolan Portuguese 	
* Angolan Portuguese
Antigua and Barbuda 	English[6] 	 	 	 	
* Antiguan and Barbudan Creole	
* Antiguan and Barbudan Creole
Argentina 	None (Spanish has de facto status) 	
* Spanish (in Corrientes and Chaco)[7][8]
* Guaraní (in Corrientes)[7]
* Kom (in Chaco)[8]
* Moquoit (in Chaco)[8]
* Wichi (in Chaco)[8]	 	 	
* Argentine Spanish 	
* Argentine Spanish
Armenia 	Armenian 	 	 	Armenian (state language)[9] 	Russian 	Russian
Australia 	None (English has de facto status) 	
* English (on Norfolk Island)
* Norfuk (on Norfolk Island) 	 	 	 	
Austria[10][11] 	German 	
* Burgenland Croatian (parts of Burgenland)
* Hungarian (parts of Burgenland)
* Slovene (parts of Carinthia)	
* Slovene
* Czech
* Hungarian
* Slovak
* Romani
* Serbian	German (state language) 	English 	English
Azerbaijan 	Azerbaijani 	 	 	Azerbaijani (state language)[12] 	Russian 	Russian
Bahamas 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Bahrain 	Arabic 	 	English 	 	 	
Bangladesh 	Bengali 	
* Sylheti(parts of Sylhet Division)
* Chittagonian(parts of Chittagong Division)
* Rangpuri/kamtapuri language(parts of Rangpur Division)	
* Chakma
* Marma
* Rakhine
* Hajong
* Santali
* Tripuri
* Manipuri	Bengali 	 	
Barbados 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Belarus 	
* Belarusian
* Russian 	 	 	Belarusian 	 	
Belgium 	
* Dutch
* French
* German 	
* Dutch (Flanders, Brussels)[13]
* French (Brussels, Wallonia)[13]
* German (German-speaking community)[13]	 	 	English 	English
Belize 	English 	 	 	 	
* Kriol (lingua franca)
* Spanish (border with Mexico and Guatemala)	
* Kriol (lingua franca)
* Spanish (border with Mexico and Guatemala)
Benin 	French 	 	 	 	 	
Bhutan 	Dzongkha 	 	 	 	 	
Bolivia[14] 	
* Castilian (Spanish)
* Aymara
* Araona
* Baure
* Bésiro (Chiquitano)
* Canichana
* Cavineña
* Cayubaba
* Chácobo
* Chimán
* Ese Ejja
* Guaraní
* Guarasu'we
* Guarayu
* Itonama
* Leco
* Machajuyai-Kallawaya
* Machineri
* Maropa
* Mojeño-Ignaciano
* Mojeño-Trinitario
* Moré
* Mosetén
* Movima
* Pacawara
* Puquina
* Quechua
* Sirionó
* Tacana
* Tapieté
* Toromona
* Uru-Chipaya
* Weenhayek
* Yaminawa
* Yuki
* Yuracaré
* Zamuco	 	 	 	 	
Bosnia and Herzegovina 	None (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status)[15]	 	 	 	 	
Botswana 	English 	 	 	Tswana 	
* Other Bantu languages
* Several Khoisan languages	
* Other Bantu languages
* Several Khoisan languages
Brazil 	Portuguese[16] 	
* German (in Pomerode[17])
* East Pomeranian (in Pancas,[18][19] Santa Maria de Jetibá,[20][21] Domingos Martins,[22] Itarana,[23][24] Laranja da Terra,[22] Vila Pavão[22] and Canguçu[22])
* Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (in Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina,[25] and in Santa Maria do Herval, Rio Grande do Sul[26][27][28][29])
* Talian (in Bento Gonçalves,[30][31][32] Caxias do Sul,[33] Flores da Cunha[34][35][36] Nova Roma do Sul[37][38] and Serafina Corréa[39])
* Nheengatu, Baniwa, Tucano (in São Gabriel de Cachoeira, Amazonas)[40][41]
* Guaraní (in Tacuru, Mato Grosso do Sul)[42]	 	Portuguese 	 	
Brunei 	Malay 	 	 	 	 	
Bulgaria 	Bulgarian 	 	 	 	 	
Burkina Faso 	French 	 	 	
* Fula
* Jula
* More 	 	
Burundi[43][44] 	
* French
* Kirundi
* English 	 	 	Kirundi 	Swahili 	Swahili
Cambodia 	Khmer 	 	 	 	 	
Cameroon 	
* English
* French 	 	 	 	 	
Canada 	
* English (Federal)
* French (Federal) 	
* Chipewyan (Northwest Territories)
* Cree (Northwest Territories)
* Gwich'in (Northwest Territories)
* Inuinnaqtun (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
* Inuktitut (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
* Inuvialuktun (Northwest Territories)
* Mi'kmaq (Nova Scotia)
* North Slavey (Northwest Territories)
* South Slavey (Northwest Territories)
* Tłı̨chǫ (Northwest Territories)	
* Chipewyan
* Cree
* Gwich'in
* Inuinnaqtun
* Inuktitut
* Inuvialuktun
* Mi'kmaq
* North Slavey
* South Slavey
* Tłı̨chǫ	 	 	
Cape Verde 	Portuguese 	 	 	Cape Verdean Creole 	 	
Central African Republic 	
* French
* Sango 	 	 	 	 	
Chad 	
* Arabic
* French 	 	 	 	 	
Chile 	Spanish 	Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[45] 	 	 	 	
China 	Standard Chinese 	
* English (Hong Kong)
* Portuguese (Macau) 	
* Mongolian
* Uyghur
* Tibetan
* Zhuang
* Kazakh
* Korean	 	Other Sinitic languages 	Other Sinitic languages
Christmas Island 	
* English
* Mandarin Chinese
* Malay 	 	 	 	 	
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 	
* English
* Cocos Malay 	 	 	 	Malay 	Malay
Colombia 	Spanish 	Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories[46] 	 	 	 	
Comoros 	
* Arabic
* Comorian
* French 	 	 	 	 	
Democratic Republic of the Congo 	French 	 	 	
* Kikongo ya leta
* Lingala
* Swahili
* Tshiluba 	 	
Republic of the Congo 	French 	 	 	
* Lingala
* Munukutuba 	 	
Cook Islands 	
* English
* Cook Islands Māori 	 	 	 	 	
Costa Rica 	Spanish 	 	
* Indigenous languages[47]
* Limonese Creole[48] 	 	 	
Croatia 	Croatian 	
* Serbian
* Hungarian
* Czech
* Slovak
* Pannonian Rusyn 	 	
* Italian (Istria County)
* Romani (non-territorial)
* Slovene (non-territorial)	English 	English
Cuba 	Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
Cyprus 	
* Greek[49]
* Turkish[49] 	 	 	
* Armenian[50]
* Cypriot Arabic[50] 	English 	English
Czech Republic 	
* Czech[c]
* Slovak[c] 	 	
* Belarusian[d]
* Bulgarian[d]
* Croatian[d]
* German[d]
* Greek[d]
* Hungarian[d]
* Polish[d]
* Romani[d]
* Russian[d]
* Rusyn[d]
* Serbian[d]
* Ukrainian[d]
* Vietnamese[d]	Czech 	 	
Denmark 	Danish 	
* Faroese (in the Faroe Islands)
* Kalaallisut (in Greenland) 	German (in Southern Jutland) 	 	English 	English
Djibouti 	
* Arabic
* French 	 	 	 	 	
Dominica 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Dominican Republic 	Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
East Timor 	
* Portuguese[51]
* Tetum[51] 	 	 	 	 	
Ecuador[52] 	
* Spanish 	Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories 	
* Spanish[e]
* Kichwa[e]
* Shuar[e] 	 	 	
Egypt 	Arabic 	 	Coptic 	Egyptian Arabic 	
* English
* French 	
* English
* French
El Salvador 	Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
Equatorial Guinea 	
* French
* Portuguese
* Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
Eritrea 	Tigrinya 	 	 	 	
* Arabic
* Italian 	
* Arabic
* Italian
Estonia 	Estonian 	 	 	 	Russian 	Russian
Eswatini 	
* English
* Swazi 	 	 	 	 	
Ethiopia 	
* Afar
* Amharic
* Oromo
* Somali
* Tigrinya 	 	 	
* Afar
* Amharic
* Benshangul
* Gumuz
* Harari
* Kunama
* Oromo
* Sidamo
* Somali
* Tigrinya	 	
Fiji 	
* English
* Fijian
* Fiji Hindi 	 	 	 	 	
Finland 	
* Finnish
* Swedish 	 	Sami (in Enontekiö, Inari, Sodankylä, Utsjoki) 	
* Finnish
* Swedish 	English 	English
France 	French[53] 	 	
* Corsican language
* Basque language
* Breton language	 	Occitan language 	Occitan language
Gabon 	French 	 	 	 	 	
Gambia 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Georgia 	Georgian 	 	 	 	Russian 	Russian
Germany 	German[54] 	
* Danish (in Schleswig-Holstein)
* Lower Sorbian (in Brandenburg)
* North Frisian (in Schleswig-Holstein)
* Saterland Frisian (in Lower Saxony)
* Upper Sorbian (in Saxony)
* German Sign Language
* Low German	
* Danish
* Lower Sorbian
* North Frisian
* Romani[55]
* Upper Sorbian	 	English 	English
Ghana 	English 	
* Fante
* Asante Twi
* Akuapem Twi
* Adangme (in Greater Accra)
* Dagaare (in the Upper West Region)
* Dagbani (in the Northern Region)
* Ewe (in the Volta Region)
* Ga (in the Greater Accra)
* Gonja (in the Northern Region)
* Kasem (in the Upper East Region)
* Nzema (in the Western Region)	 	 	 	
Greece 	Greek 	 	 	 	 	
Grenada 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Guatemala 	Spanish 	 	 	
* Garifuna
* Maya
* Xinca 	 	
Guinea 	French 	 	 	 	
* Fula
* Maninka
* Susu 	
* Fula
* Maninka
* Susu
Guinea-Bissau 	Portuguese 	 	 	 	 	
Guyana 	English 	 	 	 	Guyanese Creole 	Guyanese Creole
Haiti 	
* French
* Haitian Creole 	 	 	 	 	
Honduras 	Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
Hungary 	Hungarian[56] 	 	
* Croatian[57]
* German[57]
* Romanian[57]
* Serbian[57]
* Slovak[57]
* Slovene[57]	 	 	
Iceland 	
* Icelandic
* Icelandic Sign Language[58] 	 	 	 	 	
India 	
* Hindi
* English 	
* 22 official languages - Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali, Odia (Oriya), Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.	
* see Languages of India 	 	
* see List of languages by number of native speakers in India	
* see List of languages by number of native speakers in India
Indonesia 	Indonesian 	
* Malay
* Javanese[59] 	 	
* Indonesian
* Malay 	
* Malay
* Javanese
* Indonesian
* Sundanese
* Madurese
* Minangkabau
* 700 more languages in Indonesia	
* Malay
* Javanese
* Indonesian
* Sundanese
* Madurese
* Minangkabau
* 700 more languages in Indonesia
Iran 	Persian 	 	
* Azerbaijani
* Kurdish
* Luri
* Gilaki
* Mazanderani
* Balochi
* Arabic
* Qashqai
* Tati
* Turkmeni	Persian 	 	
Iraq 	
* Arabic
* Kurdish[60] 	
* Armenian recognized
* Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (in Assyrian areas)
* Iraqi Turkmen (in Turkmen areas)	 	 	 	
Ireland[61] 	
* Irish
* English 	 	 	Irish 	 	
Israel 	Hebrew 	Arabic 	English 	 	
* Russian
* English 	
* Russian
* English
Italy 	Italian 	
* French (in Aosta Valley)
* Franco-Provençal (in Aosta Valley)
* Occitan (in Piedmont's Occitan Valleys)
* German (in South Tyrol)
* Ladin (in South Tyrol)
* Friulian (in Friuli-Venezia Giulia)
* Slovene (in Province of Trieste, Province of Gorizia)
* Albanian/Arbereshe (in Sicily and Calabria)
* Sardinian (in Sardinia)
* Corsican (in northern Sardinia)
* Two dialects of Greek, Griko (in Grecìa Salentina) and Calabrian Greek (in Calabria)	
* Ladin
* Slovene 	 	Other Italo-Dalmatian languages	Other Italo-Dalmatian languages
Ivory Coast 	French 	 	 	 	 	
Jamaica 	English 	 	 	Jamaican Patois 	 	
Japan 	None (Japanese has de facto status) 	 	 	Japanese 	 	
Jordan 	Arabic 	 	
* Circassian
* Chechen
* Armenian 	 	 	
Kazakhstan 	
* Kazakh
* Russian 	 	 	Kazakh 	 	
Kenya 	
* English
* Swahili 	 	 	Swahili 	 	
Kiribati 	
* English
* Gilbertese 	 	 	 	 	
North Korea 	Korean 	 	 	 	 	
South Korea 	
* Korean
* Korean Sign Language 	 	 	 	 	
Kosovo[a] 	
* Albanian
* Serbian 	Turkish 	 	
* Albanian (nationwide)
* Serbian (Northern Kosovo) 	 	
Kuwait 	Standard Arabic 	 	 	
* Kuwaiti Sign Language
* Kuwaiti Arabic
* Kuwaiti Persian	 	
Kyrgyzstan 	
* Kyrgyz
* Russian 	 	 	Kyrgyz 	 	
Laos 	Lao 	 	 	 	 	
Latvia 	Latvian[62][63] 	 	 	 	Russian 	Russian
Lebanon 	Arabic 	Arabic 	Armenian 	
* Arabic
* English
* French 	
* Arabic
* English
* French 	
* Arabic
* English
* French
Lesotho 	
* Sotho
* English 	 	 	Sotho 	 	
Liberia 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Libya 	Arabic 	 	 	 	 	
Liechtenstein 	German 	 	 	 	 	
Lithuania 	Lithuanian 	 	 	 	
* Polish
* Russian 	
* Polish
* Russian
Luxembourg 	
* French
* German
* Luxembourgish 	 	 	Luxembourgish 	
* English
* Portuguese 	
* English
* Portuguese
Madagascar 	
* French
* Malagasy 	 	 	Malagasy 	 	
Malawi 	
* English
* Chichewa 	 	 	Chichewa 	 	
Malaysia 	Malay[f] 	Regional/State dialects 	 	Malay 	
* Malay
* Mandarin Chinese
* Cantonese
* Tamil
* English	
* Malay
* Mandarin Chinese
* Cantonese
* Tamil
* English
Maldives 	Dhivehi 	 	 	Dhivehi 	English 	English
Mali 	
* Bambara
* Bobo
* Bozo
* Dogon
* Fula
* Hassaniya
* Kassonke
* Maninke
* Minyanka
* Senufo
* Songhay languages
* Soninke
* Tamasheq	 	French 	 	 	
Malta 	
* Maltese
* English 	 	 	Maltese 	 	
Sovereign Military Order of Malta[a] 	Italian 	 	 	 	 	
Marshall Islands 	
* English
* Marshallese 	 	 	 	 	
Mauritania 	Arabic 	 	 	
* Arabic
* Fula
* Soninke
* Wolof 	French 	French
Mauritius 	English
Mauritian Creole (Also known as 'Morisien') 	 	English 	 	 	
Mexico 	None (Spanish has de facto status) 	 	 	68 National languages 	 	
Federated States of Micronesia 	English 	
* Chuukese (in Chuuk State)
* Kosraean (in Kosrae State)
* Pohnpeian (in Pohnpei State)
* Yapese (in Yap State)	 	 	 	
Moldova 	Romanian 	
* Gagauz
* Russian
* Ukrainian 	 	 	 	
Monaco[65] 	French 	 	 	 	Monégasque 	Monégasque
Mongolia 	Mongolian 	 	 	 	 	
Montenegro 	Montenegrin 	 	 	 	 	
Morocco 	
* Arabic
* Berber 	 	 	
* Arabic
* Berber 	 	
Mozambique 	Portuguese 	 	 	 	 	
Myanmar (Burma) 	Burmese 	
* Chin
* Kachin
* Karen
* Karenni
* Mon
* Rakhine
* Shan 	 	 	English 	English
Namibia[66] 	English 	
* German
* Oshiwambo 	 	Afrikaans 	 	
Nauru 	
* English
* Nauruan 	 	 	 	 	
Nepal 	Nepali[67] 	 	 	all languages spoken as the mother tongue in Nepal[68] 	 	
Netherlands 	Dutch 	
* Frisian (in the province Friesland)
* English (in Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Sint Eustatius, Saba)
* Papiamento (in Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire)	
* Dutch Low Saxon
* Dutch Sign Language
* Limburgish
* Sinte Romani
* Yiddish	 	English 	English
New Zealand 	
* English has de facto status
* Maori language
* New Zealand Sign Language	 	 	 	 	
Nicaragua 	Spanish 	
* Creole (in Autonomous Regions)
* Garifuna (in Autonomous Regions)
* Mayangna (in Autonomous Regions)
* Miskito (in Autonomous Regions)
* Rama (in Autonomous Regions)
* Sumo (in Autonomous Regions)	 	 	 	
Niger 	French 	 	 	
* Arabic
* Hausa
* Fulfulde
* Gulmancema
* Kanuri
* Zarma
* Tamazight	 	
Nigeria 	English 	 	 	
* Hausa
* Yoruba
* Igbo 	
* English
* Hausa 	
* English
* Hausa
Niue 	
* English
* Niuean 	 	 	 	 	
Norfolk Island 	
* English
* Norfuk[69] 	 	 	 	 	
North Macedonia 	
* Macedonian
* Albanian[70] 	 	 	 	 	
Northern Cyprus[a] 	Turkish 	 	 	 	 	
Norway 	
* Norwegian
* Sami languages[71] 	
* Northern Sami
* Lule Sami
* Southern Sámi
* Kven 	
* Kven
* Scandoromani 	
* Bokmål (written)
* Nynorsk (written) 	English 	English
Oman 	Arabic 	 	Shehri 	 	 	
Pakistan 	
* Urdu
* English 	 	 	Urdu 	
* Punjabi
* Balochi
* Sindhi
* Pashto
* Saraiki	
* Punjabi
* Balochi
* Sindhi
* Pashto
* Saraiki
Palau 	
* English
* Palauan 	
* Sonsorolese (in Sonsorol)
* Tobian (in Hatohobei)
* Japanese (in Angaur) 	 	 	 	
Palestine[a] 	Arabic 	 	 	 	
* English
* Hebrew 	
* English
* Hebrew
Panama 	Spanish 	 	 	 	 	
Papua New Guinea 	
* English
* Hiri Motu
* PNG Sign Language
* Tok Pisin 	 	 	 	 	
Paraguay 	
* Spanish
* Guaraní 	 	 	 	 	
Peru 	Spanish 	Quechua, Aymara and another native languages are official wherever they predominate	 	 	 	
Philippines 	
* Filipino
* English 	
* Aklanon (in the Visayas)
* Bikol (in Luzon)
* Cebuano (in the Visayas and Mindanao)
* Chavacano (in Mindanao)
* Hiligaynon (in the Visayas)
* Ibanag (in Luzon)
* Ilocano (in Luzon, official in La Union[72])
* Ivatan (in Luzon)
* Kapampangan (in Luzon)
* Kinaray-a (in the Visayas)
* Maguindanao (in Mindanao)
* Maranao (in Mindanao)
* Pangasinan (in Luzon)
* Sambal (in Luzon)
* Tagalog (in Luzon)
* Tausug (in Mindanao)
* Waray (in the Visayas)
* Yakan (in Mindanao)	Arabic[g] (optional language)
Spanish[g] (optional language)
(+ over 100 more minority languages)	
* Filipino
* Filipino Sign Language (national sign language)	 	
Poland 	Polish 	Kashubian (Pomeranian Voivodeship) 	
* German (Opole Voivodeship)
* Lithuanian (Puńsk commune)
* Belarusian (Podlaskie Voivodseship)
* Czech
* Hebrew
* Yiddish
* Lemko
* Karaim
* Armenian
* Romani
* Russian
* Slovak
* Tatar
* Ukrainian	 	English 	English
Portugal 	Portuguese 	Mirandese (Terra de Miranda) 	 	 	English 	English
Qatar 	Arabic 	 	 	 	 	
Romania 	Romanian 	 	
* Armenian
* German
* Hungarian
* Romani
* Russian
* Serbian
* Slovak
* Tatar
* Turkish
* Ukrainian	 	 	
Russia 	Russian 	(33 languages) 	 	 	 	
Rwanda 	
* English
* French
* Kinyarwanda
* Swahili 	 	 	 	 	
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[a] 	
* Arabic
* Spanish 	 	 	Arabic 	 	
Saint Kitts and Nevis 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Saint Lucia 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Samoa 	
* English
* Samoan 	 	 	 	 	
San Marino 	Italian 	 	 	 	 	
São Tomé and Príncipe 	Portuguese 	 	 	 	 	
Saudi Arabia 	Arabic 	 	
* Faifi
* Razihi
* Mehri 	 	
* Indian Languages
* Filipino
* Bengali	
* Indian Languages
* Filipino
* Bengali
Senegal 	French 	 	 	
* Jola-Fogny
* Mandinka
* Pulaar
* Serer
* Soninke
* Wolof	 	
Serbia 	Serbian 	 	(15 languages) 	 	 	
Seychelles 	
* English
* French
* Seychellois Creole 	 	 	 	 	
Sierra Leone 	English 	 	 	Krio 	 	
Singapore 	
* English
* Malay
* Mandarin Chinese
* Tamil 	 	 	Malay 	 	
Slovakia 	Slovak 	 	
* Bulgarian
* Czech
* German
* Hungarian
* Polish
* Romani
* Rusyn
* Serbian
* Ukrainian	 	 	
Slovenia 	Slovene 	 	
* Hungarian (Dobrovnik, Hodoš, Lendava)
* Italian (Izola, Koper, Piran)
* Croatian (Metlika, Brežice)	 	 	
Solomon Islands 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Somalia 	Somali, Arabic 	 	 	 	 	
Somaliland[a] 	
* Arabic
* English
* Somali 	 	 	 	 	
South Africa 	
* Afrikaans
* English
* Southern Ndebele
* Sotho
* Northern Sotho
* Swazi
* Tsonga
* Tswana
* Venda
* Xhosa
* Zulu	 	 	 	 	
South Ossetia[a] 	
* Ossetian
* Russian 	Georgian 	Georgian 	 	 	
South Sudan 	English 	 	 	
* Bari
* Dinka
* Luo
* Murle
* Nuer
* Zande
* (60 other languages)	 	
Spain 	Spanish 	
* Catalan (Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Valencian Community)
* Galician (Galicia)
* Occitan (Catalonia)
* Basque (Basque Country, Navarra)	
* Astur-Leonese (Asturias)
* Aragonese (Aragon)
* Fala (Province of Cáceres)
* French
* Portuguese	 	 	
Sri Lanka 	
* Sinhala
* Tamil 	 	 	 	English 	English
Sudan 	
* Arabic
* English 	 	 	 	 	
Suriname 	Dutch 	 	 	Sranan Tongo 	 	
Sweden 	Swedish 	 	
* Finnish (Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå)
* Meänkieli (Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå)
* Sami (Arjeplog, Gällivare, Jokkmokk, Kiruna)
* Yiddish
* Romani	English 	English 	English
Switzerland 	
* French (Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel, Valais, Vaud)
* German (Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Glarus, Graubünden, Lucerne, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Saint Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Uri, Valais, Zug, Zürich)
* Italian (Ticino, Graubünden)
* Romansh (Graubünden)	 	 	 	 	
Syria 	Arabic 	Kurdish 	
* Assyrian
* Western Neo-Aramaic
* Armenian 	 	 	
Taiwan[a] 	None (Mandarin Chinese has de facto status) 	 	 	
* Taiwanese Mandarin[h]
* Taiwanese Hokkien[h]
* Taiwanese Hakka[74]
* Formosan languages[75]
* Taiwan Sign Language
* Matsu dialect
* Wuqiu dialect	 	
Tajikistan 	Tajik 	 	 	Tajik 	Russian 	Russian
Tanzania 	
* Swahili
* English 	 	 	Swahili 	 	
Thailand 	Central Thai 	
* Central Thai
* Isan
* Northern Thai
* Southern Thai 	Sixty-two 'domestic' languages are officially recognized	 	Burmese 	Burmese
Togo 	French 	 	 	 	 	
Tokelau 	
* English
* Tokelauan 	 	 	 	 	
Tonga 	
* English
* Tongan 	 	 	 	 	
Transnistria[a] 	
* Moldovan
* Russian
* Ukrainian 	 	 	 	 	
Trinidad and Tobago 	English 	 	 	 	Trinidadian Creole 	Trinidadian Creole
Tunisia 	Arabic 	 	 	Arabic 	 	
Turkey 	Turkish 	 	Kurdish 	Turkish 	 	
Turkmenistan 	Turkmen 	 	 	Turkmen 	Russian 	Russian
Tuvalu 	
* Tuvaluan
* English 	 	 	
* Tuvaluan
* English 	
* Tuvaluan
* English 	
* Tuvaluan
* English
Uganda 	
* English
* Swahili[76] 	 	 	 	 	
Ukraine 	Ukrainian 	
* Russian (Autonomous Republic of Crimea)
* Crimean Tatar (Autonomous Republic of Crimea)	 	 	 	
United Arab Emirates 	Arabic 	 	 	 	English 	English
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies etc.	None (English has de facto status) 	
* Irish and Ulster-Scots (in Northern Ireland)
* Scots and Scottish Gaelic (in Scotland)
* Welsh (in Wales)
* Pitcairnese (in Pitcairn Islands)
* Guernésiais and French (in Guernsey)
* Jèrriais and French (in Jersey)
* Manx (in Isle of Man)	 	 	 	
United States 	None (English has de facto status) 	(28 languages) 	 	Several indigenous languages of recognized federal tribes	
* English
* Spanish 	
* English
* Spanish
Uruguay 	
* None (Spanish has de facto status)
* Uruguayan Sign Language 	 	 	 	 	
Uzbekistan 	Uzbek 	 	
* Uzbek
* Karakalpak and Uzbek in Karakalpakstan 	 	Russian 	Russian
Vanuatu 	
* English
* French
* Bislama 	 	 	 	 	
Vatican City 	
* Italian
* Latin (formerly) 	 	 	 	Swiss German 	Swiss German
Venezuela 	
* Spanish
* Venezuelan Sign Language 	 	Native languages are official for indigenous peoples 	 	 	
Vietnam 	Vietnamese 	 	
* Cantonese
* Cham
* Hmong
* Khmer
* Lao
* Muong
* Rade
* Tay
* Thai
* Vietnamese sign languages	Vietnamese 	 	
Yemen 	Arabic 	 	
* Mehri
* Soqotri 	 	 	
Zambia 	English 	 	 	 	 	
Zimbabwe 	
* Chewa
* Chibarwe
* English
* Kalanga
* Khoisan[i][77]
* Nambya
* Ndau
* Ndebele
* Shangani
* Shona
* Sign language[j]
* Sotho
* Tonga
* Tswana
* Venda
* Xhosa	 	 	 	 	
Number of countries with the same official language
	This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of official languages by country and territory" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.
Partially recognized or de facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)
Language 	World 	Africa 	Americas	Asia 	Europe	Oceania	Countries
English 	53 	22 	13 	4 	2 	12 	Canada, Ireland, India, South Africa, Nigeria, Malta, Pakistan (See the full list)[78]
French 	27 	19 	2 	– 	5 	1 	France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Madagascar, Monaco, Haiti, Vanuatu (See the full list)
Arabic 	23–26*	12–14* 	– 	11–12*	– 	– 	Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine* (See the full list)
Spanish 	20 	1 	18 	– 	1 	 	
Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico (See the full list)[79]	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Portuguese 	9 	6 	1 	1 	1 	– 	Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, East Timor (See the full list)
German 	6 	– 	– 	– 	6 	– 	Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein (See the full list)
Russian 	5–8* 	– 	– 	3 	2–5* 	– 	Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia*, South Ossetia*, Transnistria*. (See the full list)
Serbo-Croatian 	4–5* 	– 	– 	– 	4–5* 	– 	Serbia (known as Serbian), Croatia (known as Croatian), Montenegro (known as Montenegrin), Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian), Kosovo* (known as Serbian)
Swahili 	4 	4 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Italian 	4 	– 	– 	– 	4 	– 	Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City
Malay 	4 	– 	– 	4 	– 	– 	Malaysia (known as Malaysian), Indonesia (known as Indonesian), Singapore, Brunei
Dutch 	3 	– 	1 	– 	2 	– 	Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Persian 	3 	– 	– 	3 	– 	– 	Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Sotho 	3 	3 	– 	– 	– 	– 	South Africa, Lesotho, Zimbabwe
Tswana 	3 	3 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Albanian 	2–3* 	– 	– 	– 	2–3* 	– 	Albania, Kosovo*, North Macedonia
Standard Chinese 	2–3* 	– 	– 	2–3* 	– 	– 	China, Singapore, Taiwan*
Romanian 	2–3* 	– 	– 	– 	3 	– 	Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Somali 	2–3* 	2–3* 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Somalia, Ethiopia, and Somaliland*
Turkish 	2–3* 	– 	– 	– 	2–3* 	– 	Turkey, Northern Cyprus* and Cyprus
Aymara 	2 	– 	2 	– 	– 	– 	Bolivia and Peru
Berber 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Algeria and Morocco
Chichewa 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Malawi and Zimbabwe
Greek 	2 	– 	– 	– 	2 	– 	Greece and Cyprus
Guarani 	2 	– 	2 	– 	– 	– 	Paraguay and Bolivia
Hindustani 	2 	– 	– 	2 	– 	– 	India (known as Hindi) and Pakistan (known as Urdu)
Korean 	2 	– 	– 	2 	– 	– 	North Korea and South Korea
Quechua 	2 	– 	2 	– 	– 	– 	Bolivia and Peru
Rwanda-Rundi 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Burundi (known as Kirundi) & Rwanda (known as Kinyarwanda)
Swati 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa
Swedish 	2 	– 	– 	– 	2 	– 	Sweden and Finland
Tamil 	2 	– 	– 	2 	– 	– 	Sri Lanka and Singapore
Tigrinya 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	Eritrea and Ethiopia
Venda 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	South Africa and Zimbabwe
Xhosa 	2 	2 	– 	– 	– 	– 	South Africa and Zimbabwe
Ukrainian 	1-2* 	– 	– 	 	 	 	
1-2* 	– 	Ukraine, Transnistria*	 	 	 	 	
See also
* List of official languages
* Linguistic demography
* Lists of countries and territories by official language
* Lists of endangered languages
* Lists of languages
* List of countries by the number of recognized official languages
* List of languages by number of native speakers
* List of languages by total number of speakers
* Number of languages by country
* World language
* Languages used on the Internet
Notes
# Independence disputed.
# The third official language – in addition to Pashto and Dari – in areas where the majority speaks them
# Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
# Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
# Official language for intercultural relations
# Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia designated Malay as the national language. Section 2 of that article allowed English to be used officially until otherwise provided by Parliament. In 1967, the Parliament of Malaysia passed the National Language Act, making Malay the official language of Malaysia. The act does, however, allow the use of English for some official purposes. On 11 July 1990, following the amendment of the National Language Act 1963/67 (Act 32) (Revised in 1971), Malay replaced English as the official language of the courts in West Malaysia. The amending Act provided English to be used in the Courts in West Malaysia where it deems necessary in the interest of Justice. East Malaysia continued using English as the official language in their courts.[64] Since 2007, the official policy is to refer to the national language as the Malaysian language (Bahasa Malaysia), although legislation still refers to the Malay language (Bahasa Melayu).
# As per the 1987 Constitution which states "Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis".[73]
# Not designated but meets legal definition
# Refers to the Tjwao dialect
# See Zimbabwean sign languages
References
# Constitution of Afghanistan (Chapter 1, Article 16)
# Constitution of Albania Archived 25 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Article 14)
# Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)
# Constitution of Andorra (Article 2)
# "Angola". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
# Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda, 1981 (Article 29)
# "Provincial Law Nº5598" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
# La Cámara de Diputados de la Provincia del Chaco. Sanciona con fuerza de Ley Nro.6604
# Constitution of Armenia
# "Article 8". Constitution of Austria. 1920.
# Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)
# Constitution of Azerbaijan, Constitution of Azerbaijan (English translation) (Article 21)
# Constitution of Belgium, in Dutch, French and German Archived 13 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine (Article 4)
# "Bolivia: Decreto Supremo Nº 25894, 11 de septiembre de 2000". 11 September 2000. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
# Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120. ISBN 978-0230368774.
# According to the Brazilian Constitution, article 13: A língua portuguesa é o idioma oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. "The Portuguese language is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil".[1]
# Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. Archived 30 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
# Pomerano!?, Retrieved 21 August 2011
# No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde Archived 28 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 21 August 2011
# Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
# "Pommern in Brasilien - LernCafe – Online-Journal zur allgemeinen Weiterbildung". 31 March 2019. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019.
# Artigo da UFRJ sobre a cooficialização de línguas no Brasil
# Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
# "Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES". itarana.es.gov.br
# Cooficialização da língua alemã em Antônio Carlos Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
# A sala de aula de alemão para falantes de dialeto: realidades e mitos
# Brasil: dialeto do baixo-alemão torna-se segunda língua oficial de cidade gaúcha
# Apresentando... Santa Maria do Herval
# "Dialetos Hunsrik e Talian na ofensiva no Sul - Em Santa Maria do Herval, regiăo de Novo Hamburgo, RS, surge forte a mobilizaçăo em favor do Hunsrik - a faceta brasileira/latino-americana do Hunsrückisch. Em Serafina Correa, RS, floresce o talian" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
# Aprovada em primeira votação projeto que torna o Talian segunda língua oficial de Bento Gonçalves
# Co-oficialização do Talian é oficializada pela câmara de Bento Golçalves
# "Câmara Bento – Projeto do Executivo é aprovado e Talian se torna a língua co-oficial". Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
# Lei confirma o Talian como segunda língua oficial de Caxias do Sul
# "Talian pode ser língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha". Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
# Talian é língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha
# "Flores da Cunha (RS) - Projeto pretende instituir o "Talian" como língua co oficial no Município". Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
# Lei Nº 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015 - Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua do "talian", à língua portuguesa, no município de Nova Roma do Sul"
# O Talian agora é a língua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul, município de Nova Roma do Sul
# Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município Archived 30 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 21 August 2011
# Lei municipal oficializa línguas indígenas em São Gabriel da Cachoeira Archived 18 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 24 August 2011
# Na Babel brasileira, português é 2ª língua – FLÁVIA MARTIN e VITOR MORENO, enviados especiais a São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM) Archived 4 June 2012 at archive.today, Retrieved 24 August 2011
# Município do MS adota o guarani como língua oficial Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 24 August 2011
# "Article 5" (PDF). Constitution of Burundi. 2005.
# Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26-27 mars 2015. Archives contemporaines. October 2016. ISBN 9782813001955.
# Indigenal Act, art. 28
# Constitution of Colombia, 1991 (Article 10)
# "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)". Constitute. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
# Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Asamblea Legislativa Costa Rica. "APRUEBAN EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA LENGUA CRIOLLA LIMONENSE". Youtube. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
# The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus (PDF). 1960. art. 3, § 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
# "Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus", Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research, retrieved 11 August 2013
# Constitution of Timor-Leste, section 13
# Constitution of Ecuador 2008 Archived 17 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, (Article 2)
# Constitution of France (Article 2)
# Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in §23 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Administrative Procedures Act)
# Publication by Ministry of the Interior (in German) Archived 3 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
# Constitution of Hungary, Article H - http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf
# Recognized by Hungary as minority language by the Ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages by the Hungarian Parliament - Resolution 35/1995, 7 April 1995 - http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/o95h0035.htm/o95h0035_0.htm Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine
# "Deaf History - Europe - 2011: Iceland, Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language". deafhistory.eu. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
# "Regional Regulation of Yogyakarta Special Region Number 2 Year about Preservation and Development of Javanese Language, Literature, and Script".
# Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)
# Constitution of Ireland Archived 17 July 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive (Article 8)
# Priedīte, Aija (2005). "Surveying Language Attitudes and Practices in Latvia". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 26 (5): 409–424. doi:10.1080/01434630508668413. S2CID 145660793. “In 1992, following further amendments to this directive, Latvian was established as the only official language. It took Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development seven more years before the State language law was adopted in 1999, with further amendments in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002.”
# Jarinovska, Kristine. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia", Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152 ISSN 1406-5509
# Malaysia's Legal System, Eurasia International Legal Network, Malaysia.
# Constitution of Monaco Archived 15 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine (Article 8)
# "Article 3 – Language". The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia. orusovo.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
# The Constitution of Nepal, article 7 (1)
# The Constitution of Nepal, article 6
# "Archived copy". www.info.gov.nf. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
# Article 1 (2) of the закон за употреба на јазиците (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.
# "Norsk - Språkmøter". NDLA. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
# Elias, Jun (19 September 2012). "Iloko La Union's official language". Philippine Star. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
# "DO 46, s. 1987 – Amendment to DECS Order No. 33, s. 1987 (Spanish as Optional Subject) | Department of Education". Department of Education. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
# "Hakka Basic Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
# "Indigenous Languages Development Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
# Second official according to the Constitution
# "Draft constitution riles San people". NewsDay. AMH. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
# "Field Listing - Languages". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
# "Spanish-Speaking Countries". Berges Institute. Retrieved 27 May 2023. “Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and it is an official language, either de facto (in practice) or de jure (by law) in 20 countries. Spanish is also an official language in Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Organization of American States.”
External links
* Languages - CIA listing of languages spoken in each country
* vte
Countries and languages lists	
* vte
Countries and languages lists
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