Moderne ed muassir music

Moderne music, kam Moderne Art, gnahsit ye id XIXt secule, ka reaction contra ia traditional gusta ed wirts. Id sok po nova vias, ed, in ia scribensreuls, po composition, ed in ia inspirationsthemes, adduct ei skeipen om vanguardias. Muassir zaman diversifiet tod novator gwayt ed bilhassa vidt in id spand iom zariyas om production, recorden ed irsal vasyen formes os music. 
 Martín Rincón Botero (gnahn in 1987 in Colombia, is weict nun in Deutschland) est is brilliantst compositor os sien generation. Eys composition Dreu, est id prest musicschtuk samt un titule in Sambahsa; eet un wehrg parkwohrt eni id quader ios Théodore Gouvy prix is ielgv in 2015 pro sien alyo schtuk Planos y Fondos
==Traditional formes ed burgese public==
Ye id XIXt secule, musicconservatoria bihnt creen in Europe. Quayque pangent ed theorisent ia bases os music (solfege, harmonia, instrumental ed vocal Techniques), hantschi un conservative rol, ye id pejorative rol ios lexis : ia technic Progressa sont hamrahn ab un stagnation ios creation. 
Eti, kam pingen, music subeiht id waurg iom social changen : swehnden iom aristocratias ed irs patronage, triumph os Burgesia. Artistic creation tuntos dependt un nov, burgese public, amend ia awa, classic formes. Dayir harmonia, cada dissonance biht oku assimilet uni cacophonia, kam dict, mathalan, ab id scandal suwen, medsu id XIXt secule, ab Wagners music. 
Id burgese public paursct ia spectacular effects, quetos ids gust pro virtuosens kam Paganini (1782-1840) med violin au Liszt (1811-1886) med piano. Id est plaisen ab un certain exotisme in sibia con id romantic raunstehgen iom folklores, yed quod fadasct aisic-ye do un paursken os pictoresk au os "local color" : est id espaniolisme os Carmen (1874) ab Bizet au ios Symphonie espagnole (1873) ab Lalo. Sam-ye, ia "facil" jors, kam operette, triumphe. 
Unte dwoter dwidel ios XIXt secule, musical creation tunkye meg usaget id prefixe neo- : in France biht tolcto de id "neoclassicisme" os Saint-Saëns; in Deutschland est id "neoRomantisme" om Brahms, Bruckner au Mahler, quod daht monumental, eti aunmeid formes ad symphonia. 
 Claude Debussy (1862-1918), ponend-ye in 1894 med Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune id prest mark os modern music, placet inkaptos sien wehrg sub id sgill os musical vanguardia. Est bragv-ye wagnersk in 1889, dind anticonformiste unte id reste os sien gwit, rejecend-ye vasya esthetic academismes. Med La Mer udnovt is id symphonic forme; med Jeux, deht is ballet music do un prophetic modernisme; med Pelléas et Mélisande salct id franceois Opera ia weghyas ios tradition ios lyric Drame.
Contra id exageren sok po expressivitato start moderne music, samt tri magna trends dominen ab iom Franceois Debussy, iom Russian Stravinsky, ed iom Osterreicher Schönberg. 
 Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) buit, con iom ater Claude Debussy, is influentsto rjienbwuts ios franceois music os sien zaman ed is magno representer ios trend kalt "impressioniste" in-kap id XXt secule. Eys - numermodeste - wehrg (86 tienjien wehrgs, 25 orkestert we transcript wehrgs) est fruit uns complexe heritage quod oistrehct ex Couperin ed Rameau tiel ia colors ed rythmes os jazz ed om multiple influences, bayna-ya, tod recurrent os Espania.
==Debussy ed Impressionisme==
In 1887 biht introduct, do franceois musical critique, id lexis impressionisme : musicians, ducen ab Debussy, kane proscher i pictors launend-ye ir themes (nebule, mar, noct, wedeffects....). Cort ed dienghia pieces bihnt prefert ibs pompeus wehrgs. Instrumentation paursct legvos, med flute, harf au piano. Bad, Debussy invent un nov conception os harmonia richeihnd-ye tod classic harmonia med novator intervals qua permitte cree nov "lusical colors". Ye id sam zaman, Ravel ed Fauré participe active-ye tod franceoiso scol.
 Igor Stravinsky (rusk : Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский, 1882-1971) buit un Russian (franceois ab 1934, dind US American ab 1945) compositor, dirigent ed pianiste os moderne music, ayn oin im influentsten ios XXt secule.
Eys wehrgo strehct uper takriban 70 yars. Kweit med sieno megil stylendiversitat. Is compositor maschouriesc med id creation om tri ballets quom music is oiscripsit pro Diaghilevs Rusk Balletts : Жар-птица (1910), Петрушка (1911), ed sieno maysterwehrg Весна священная (1913) qua muhim-ye influer id weidos os traite rythme in classic music. Unte ia 1920tias, eys musical production vols kye neoclassicisme ed yougyit-se con traditional formes (concerto grosso, fuga ed symphonia). Bad unte ia 1950tias, Igor Stravinsky explorit ia possibilitats os serialisme.
==Stravinskys "rusk periode"==
Ia inkapswehrgs os Stravinsky, kweite med pamrlan, gvalt, un certain barbaria, follia ed deviance. Ye un formal vidpoint, id opnos iom timbren biht exploren, quo favoriset schangs ed bukins ye id detriment iom barbith. Весна священная ananct spectacular Innovations dayir rythme. 
 Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951) eet un osterreichisch compositor, musictheoretic, musicdaskal, pictor, poet ed inventor. Ois un yudi familia, is emigrit in 1933 do ia Uniet Stats os America ed bihsit US civ in 1941. Tun mutascripsit is sieno nam do Arnold Schoenberg. Schönberg ghehldt con Igor Stravinsky ka oin iom influentst compositors ios inkapem ios XXt secule pos Claude Debussy ed buit is central rjienbwuts ios Zweite Wiener Schule/Wiener atonale Schule.
==Schönberg ed abstraction==
Schönberg (1874-1951) tyeict in music un rupture comparable tei os abstraction in pingen : is revolutiont ne tik idsa themes, sontern idsschi formes ed structures. Preter prokwem neoromantisme ed expressionisme, vaht paurske un austere, simple art, ud-yod est abdehn cada ornamentation. Kam abstract art, music zielt pur forme. 
In-kap id XXt secule, con sien disciplens Berg ed Webern, is parkwehrt id revolution os atonalitat, dind precidt sien inspiration bihnd-ye is theoretic os quo kalmos "dwodemton technique" au "serialisme" : is postulet id egalitat iom dwodem swons ios musicalios scala, suppremend cada hierarchia ed attraction inter ia notes. Id resultend composition taraght alnos ia kleusteradets ios public.
 Olivier Messiaen (approximative SPT : {mäsyÃ}, 1908-1992). Eys wehrg hat sien surce in eys profund catholic yalos, un akster gust pro Medieval cantus-planus, ia hindu tem quem hellen rythmes. L'Ascension (1933), id Quatuor pour la fin du Temps (1940), ia Vingt Regards sur L'Enfant-Jésus (1944), id Turangalîla-Symphonie (1946-1948), Saint François d'Assise ed id Messe de la Pentecôte, inter alya major wehrgs, hant contribueto buwes Olivier Messiaen oin im influentst compositors os dwoter dwidel ios XXt secule.
==Un vanguardia theoric paursken==
Schönbergs abstraction biht sohkwt ab uno movment om paursken ed theorisation comparable tei in pingen os Kandinsky (1866-1944). In id fall os music, tod theoric ed pedadogic enderghenden buit tant id fact em dirigents, kam Leibowitz (1913-1972), almen os Webern, qui gnopeiht serialisme, quem em compositors kam Messiaen. 
So succeddt Debussy in maunga xeimens, besonters in id harmonic style ed id scriben pro piano. Is creet nov modus sayct "non-retrogressible", ar symmetric. Is continuet id tradition uns ornamentet ed colorto franceois music. Ka dyindar, eys music est bilhassa religieus. Is buit yaschi interesset ab avkans, transcribend-ye ia ka integre ia do pelus om sien schtuks. 
Varèse (1883-1965) orbat med rythmes ed timbres, id barbithpult bihnd, con iom, secundar, hina bihe oin im presten qui neudsiet electronic music. 
Boulez (1925-2016) emt tsay ud Schönberg eys biais dia serialisme, ed prolonget id emancipationsmovment os music ud id romantic heritage.
 In-kap sien carrier, Pierre Boulez act un important rol in id antplehcen om serialisme, electronic music ed aleator music. Eys polemic vids de id evolution os music ei vale un kleumen os enfant terrible. 
Ka dirigent, Pierre Boulez est khaliban-ye gnoht ob diregus ia wehrgs iom XXt compositors kam Béla Bartok, Alban Berg, Claude Debussy, Gustav Mahler, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schönberg, Igor Stravinsky, Edgard Varèse ed Anto Webern, betschi ia wehrgs om sems sienen samzamans kam Elliott Carter au György Ligeti.
Smad kaue od, witerom plastic arts, music possibleiht un avancen theoric paursken : acustic paursken, creation om nov instruments ed formalisation os mathematic type, kam bi Xenakis (1922-2009). Tetos id savant kweit om certain wehrgs qua naudhe un particular pedagogia ed dehlgent sib cree un public ar tonalitat ed melodia remane plaut-ye dominant in ia popular formes os music : musical, songv, film music.
 Iannis Xenakis (moderne hellen : Γιάννης Ξενάκης, 1922-2001) buit un hellen, dind naturalisen franceois compositor, architecte ed ingenieur, ghamt con iam literatrice Françoise Xenakis, qua ay gohn un dugter, iam pictrice ed sculptrice Mâkhi Xenakis. Is buit is prest Europay qui nud un computer kay compones music ed is creit id stochastic music.
==Lure ed diversitat==
Maghmos auncovehre un posmoderne, yani Individualiste geste in ia multiple creations qua se distance ud id serialiste orthodoxia ed mutable id lure os cree extre cada scol, ghyahnda tun uni plukwid diversitat : ex id repetitive music ios US scol con iens muassir compositors S.Reich ed Ph.Glass do id music saygen aleator, con Cage (1912-1992) au Berio (1925-2003), quod linkwt un part om random ed nebestohmenkweit im kaners. 
Id invention ios teiprecorder vaht ghyane music ibs cadadien swons, ad musique-concrete con P.Schaeffer ed eys disciple P.Henry quoy explore ia swonpossibilitats tos nov technique. Sessiet oku udpaursken ab electroacustique quod ducsiet do spectral music, ambh besonters id Ensemble l'Itinéraire sulen in 1973. Id music os Xenakis au os Ligeti (1923-2006) paursct masseneffects, comparable ibs natural phenomens.
Bad maghmos prispehce sem reikens do tradition. Berio emt tsay classic themes kay diswehrte ia. Alyi retrehfskwnt id humaniste ed poetic grandiose menos os neoromantisme, est id fall os H.Dufourt, J.-C.Eloy, eti Ligeti au Stockhausen (1928-2007). In England, Britten (1913-1976) abveict gwaukan-ye ud atonalitat kay hause sien inspiration ex id medieval vocal music ed id bel canto. Tod trend prehpt unte id hol XXt secule con US compositors kam Copland, Barber au Bernstein. 
Yinjier opnos-on ed diversitat-on ios actual musical production interdehnt definihes id simple-ye, kweter leit de scol au de style. 
 Carl Orff (1895-1982) eet un deutsch compositor ed music pedagog. Eys maschourst wehrg est id scenic cantata Carmina Burana, quod hat biht oino iom popularsten khorwehrgs ios XXt secule.
==Production ed diffusion==
Nekam quo hieb wakyen tuntro in id Historia os music, id creation om nova forms ne hat tyict id obsolescence iom prever jors. Un presto sabab est politic : ia totalitaira regimes in Europe ed in id USSR buir extreme-ye conservative dayir art. Id control ios artistic production hat privilegen ia traditional forms ed hat gwupen, volt ne volt, kimatih compositors apo ia moderniste trends : Orff in Nazi Deutschland, Schostakovich ed Prokofiev in id USSR au Respighi in fasciste Italia. 
Ye un stricter-ye artistic nivell, tehrbmos kaue od Cinema hat buwt original musical creations bet qua mane eni plaut-ye tonal forms : M.Legrand pro ia films ab Demy (Les Parapluies de Cherbourg, Les Demoiselles de Rochefort), Hermann pro Hitchcock (Psycho, North by Northwest), J.Williams pro Lucas (Star Wars), Prokofiev pro Eisenstein (Иван Грозный, Александр Невский) auti Rota pro Fellini (La Strada, Amarcord). 
Eti, id spand iom forms om recorden ed irsal : radio, disk, DVD, internet, duct do quo philosoph W.Benjamin (1892-1940) kiel "id era os aunfin reproduction", ghyanend uni plaut public id access ibs traditional wehrgs. Bad, id repertuar iom concerts, ia programmes os musical Talim, esdi poittent comprindes actual wehrgs, preservent ed transmittent id heritage ios prev, dank besonters ia perodhias om musicologia ed organologia. 
Idghi muassir prist kweit minter ob un wi style quem ob un aunsam werumenos vasyims forms os musical expression. Etileikwt od id grov inter popular ed savanto musics, quayque neid recent phenomen, hat aundwoi nacrohsct ye noster zaman.