Nell Carter

Nell Carter (born Nell Ruth Hardy;[11][12] September 13, 1948 – January 23, 2003) was an American singer and actress.
Beginning her career in 1970, Carter started in theater; singing and later crossed over to television. Carter was perhaps best known for her role as Nell Harper on the NBC sitcom Gimme a Break! which originally aired from 1981 to 1987. Carter received two Emmy and two Golden Globe award nominations for her work on the series. Prior to Gimme a Break!, Carter won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical in 1978 for her performance in the Broadway musical Ain't Misbehavin', as well as an Primetime Emmy Awardfor her reprisal of the role on television in 1982.[citation needed]
== Early life ==
Born Nell Ruth Hardy in Birmingham, Alabama, she was one of nine children born to Horace and Edna Mae Hardy. When she was two years old, her father was electrocuted when he stepped on a live power line.[13][14]
As a child, she began singing on a local gospel radio show and was also a member of the church choir. At the age of 15, she began performing with the Renaissance Ensemble that played at area coffee houses and gay bars. On July 5, 1965, Hardy, then 16 years old, was raped at gunpoint by a man she knew who gave her a ride home from a performance with the Renaissance Ensemble. Hardy became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, Tracey, the following year. Hardy attempted to raise Tracey alone, but found it too difficult. She sent Tracey to live with her elder sister Willie (Carter would later claim Tracey was the product of a short lived marriage, but revealed the truth in an interview in 1994).[15]
At the age of 19, Hardy left Birmingham and moved to New York City with The Renaissance Ensemble, changing her surname to Carter. While living in New York City, Carter sang in coffee shops before landing her first role on Broadway in 1971.[16]
== Career ==
Carter made her Broadway debut in the 1971 rock opera Soon, which closed after three performances. She was the Music Director for the 1974 Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective's production of "What Time of Night It Is". Carter appeared alongside Bette Davis in the 1974 stage musical Miss Moffat, based on Davis' earlier film The Corn Is Green. The show closed before making it to Broadway. She broke into stardom in the musical Ain't Misbehavin, for which she won a Tony Award in 1978. She won an Emmy for the same role in a televised performance in 1982.
Additional Broadway credits included Dude and Annie. In 1979, she had a part in the Miloš Forman-directed musical film adaptation of Hair. Her vocal talents are showcased throughout the motion picture soundtrack.[citation needed]
In 1978, Carter was cast as Effie White in the Broadway musical Dreamgirls, but departed the production during development to take a television role on the ABCsoap opera, Ryan's Hope in New York. When Dreamgirls premiered in late 1981, Jennifer Holliday had taken over the lead. In 1981, Carter also took a role on television's The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo,[17] before landing the lead role of Nell Harper on the sitcom Gimme a Break!.
The series was a ratings hit for NBC and earned Carter a Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations. Gimme a Break! aired from 1981 to 1987. In August 1987, after the cancellation of Gimme a Break!, Carter returned to the nightclub circuit with a five-month national tour with comedian Joan Rivers.[18] In 1989, she shot a pilot for NBC entitled Morton's By the Bay, which aired as a one-time special in May of that year. In this, Carter played the assistant to the owner of a banquet hall, and the focus was on her and her mad-cap staff. Alan Ruck and Jann Karam co-starred. NBC passed on the series development. In October of that same year, she performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" prior to Game 4 of the 1989 World Series, played at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, California.[citation needed]
The following year, Carter starred in the CBS comedy You Take the Kids. The series, which was perceived as being the black answer to Roseanne due to its portrayal of a working-class African-American family, featured Carter as a crass, no-nonsense mother and wife.[19]You Take the Kids faced poor ratings and reviews, and had a month's run from December 1990 to January 1991.[20] During the early 1990s, Carter appeared in low-budget films, TV specials, and on game shows such as Match Game '90 and To Tell the Truth. She co-starred in Hangin' with Mr. Cooper from 1993 to 1995.[21]
In the mid-1990s, Carter appeared on Broadway in a revival of Annie as Miss Hannigan. She was upset when commercials promoting the show used a different actress, Marcia Lewis, a white actress, as Miss Hannigan. The producers stated that the commercials, which were made during an earlier production, were too costly to reshoot. Carter said racism played a part in the decision. "Maybe they don't want audiences to know Nell Carter is black",[22] she told the New York Post. "It hurts a lot", Carter told the Post, "I've asked them nicely to stop it—it's insulting to me as a black woman."[23] Carter was later replaced by Sally Struthers.[24]
In 2001, she appeared as a special guest star on the pilot episode of the new WB show Reba and continued with the show, making three appearances in season one. The following year, Carter made two appearances on Ally McBeal.[21]
The following year had her rehearsing for a production of Raisin, a stage musical of A Raisin in the Sun in Long Beach, California, and filming a movie, Swing. Carter's final onscreen appearance was in the comedy film Back by Midnight. It was released in 2005, two years after her death.[21]
== Personal life ==
Carter self-identified as Pentecostal.[25] After Gimme a Break! began, Carter's life took a turbulent turn. She attempted suicide in the early 1980s and entered a drug detoxification facility around 1985 to break a long-standing cocaine addiction. Her brother, Bernard, died of complications due to AIDS in 1989.[15]Carter married mathematician and lumber executive George Krynicki, and converted to Judaism in 1982 (she had been born into a Roman Catholic family and raised Presbyterian).[26][27]
Carter filed for divorce from Krynicki in 1989; it was finalized in 1992. Carter had three children: a daughters Tracey and Tiffany and son Daniel. She adopted both Joshua and Daniel as newborns over a four-month period. She attempted to adopt twice more but both adoptions failed. In her first attempt, she allowed a young pregnant woman to move into her home with the plan that she would adopt the child, but the mother decided to keep her baby. In 1992, Carter had surgery to repair two aneurysms and married Roger Larocque in June.[28] She divorced Larocque the next year. Carter declared bankruptcy in 1995 and again in 2002. She also endured three miscarriages.[15]
== Death ==
On January 23, 2003, Carter collapsed and died at her home in Beverly Hills. Her body was discovered that night by her son, Joshua.[26][29] Per a provision in Carter's will, no autopsy was performed. Using blood tests, X-rays, and a cursory physical examination, the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office ruled that Carter's death was the likely result of "probable arteriosclerotic heart disease, with diabetes a contributing condition."[30] She is survived by her three children.[26][31] Carter is buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, Los Angeles.[32]
== Stage credits ==
* Soon (1971) (Broadway)
* The Wedding of Iphigenia (1971) (Off-Broadway)
* Dude (1972) (Broadway)
* Miss Moffat (1974) (closed on the road)
* Be Kind to People Week (1975) (Off-Broadway)
* Tom Eyen's Dirtiest Musical (1975) (Off-Broadway)
* Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope (1976) (San Francisco)
* Ain't Misbehavin' (1978) (Manhattan Theatre Club, Broadway and US national tour)
* One Night Only (1979) (workshop)
* Black Broadway (1979) (Avery Fisher Hall)
* Black Broadway (1980) (The Town Hall)}
* Ain't Misbehavin' (1988) (Broadway)
* Hello, Dolly! (1991) (Long Beach Civic Light Opera)
* Annie (1997) (Broadway and US national tour)
* South Pacific (2001) (Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera)
* The Vagina Monologues (2001) (Madison Square Garden)
== Filmography ==
Year 	Title 	Role 	Notes
1978 	Cindy 	Olive 	Television movie
1979 	Ryan's Hope 	Ethel Green 	11 episodes
1979 	Hair 	Ain't Got No/White Boys 	
1980–1981 	The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo 	Sgt. Hildy Jones 	15 episodes
1981 	Back Roads 	Waitress 	Alternative title: Love with a Sinner
1981 	Modern Problems 	Dorita 	
1981–1987 	Gimme a Break! 	Nellie Ruth 'Nell' Harper	137 episodes
1982 	The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour 	 	Episode #1.3
1982 	Tex 	Mrs. Peters 	
1986 	Amen 	Bess Richards 	Episode: "The Courtship of Bess Richards"
1989 	227 	Beverly Morris 	Episode: "Take My Diva... Please"
1990–1991 	You Take the Kids 	Nell Kirkland 	6 episodes
1992 	Maid for Each Other 	Jasmine Jones 	Television movie
1992 	Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story	Lucille Gathers 	Television movie
1992 	Jake and the Fatman 	Ethel Mae Haven 	Episode: "Ain't Misbehavin'"
1992 	Bébé's Kids 	Vivian 	Voice role
1993–1995 	Hangin' with Mr. Cooper 	P.J. Moore 	42 episodes
1995 	The Crazysitter 	The Warden 	
1995 	The Grass Harp 	Catherine Creek 	
1995–1997 	Spider-Man: The Animated Series 	Glory Grant 	2 episodes
1996 	Can't Hurry Love 	Mrs. Bradstock 	Episode: "The Rent Strike"
1996 	The Proprietor 	Millie Jackson 	
1997 	The Blues Brothers Animated Series	Betty Smythe (Voice) 	Episode: "Strange Death of Betty Smythe"
1997 	Brotherly Love 	Nell Bascombe 	Episode: "Paging Nell"
1997 	Sparks 	Barbara Rogers 	Episode: "Hoop Schemes"
1997 	Fakin' da Funk 	Claire 	
1991, 1998–1999	Match Game 	Herself, regular panelist	
1999 	Special Delivery 	 	
1999 	We Wish You a Merry Christmas 	Mrs. Claus(Voice) 	Video game
1999 	Follow Your Heart 	Bus driver 	
1999 	Sealed with a Kiss 	Mrs. Wheatley 	Television movie
2001 	Blue's Clues 	Mother Nature 	Episode: "Environments"
2001 	Touched by an Angel 	Cynthia Winslow 	2 episodes
2001 	Seven Days 	Lucy 	Episode: "Live: From Death Row"
2001 	Perfect Fit 	Mrs. Gordy 	
2001 	Reba 	Dr. Susan Peters 	3 episodes
2002 	Ally McBeal 	Harriet Pumple 	2 episodes
2003 	Swing 	Juan Gallardo 	
2005 	Back by Midnight 	Waitress 	Released posthumously
== AwardsEdit ==
Year	Award 	Category 	Title of work
1978	Drama Desk Award 	Outstanding Actress in a Musical 	Ain't Misbehavin'
1978	Theatre World Award 	 	Ain't Misbehavin'
1978	Tony Award 	Best Featured Actress in a Musical 	Ain't Misbehavin'
1982	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Individual Achievement – Special Class	Ain't Misbehavin'