Temple of the Tooth

Sri Dalada Maligawa or The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is a Buddhist temple in the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex which houses the Relic of the tooth of Buddha. Since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country. Kandy was the last capital of the Sinhalese kings and is a UNESCO world heritage site partly due to the temple.
Monks of the two chapters of Malwatte and Asgiriya conduct daily worship in the inner chamber of the temple. Rituals are performed three times daily: at dawn, at noon and in the evening. On Wednesdays there is a symbolic bathing of the Sacred Relic with an herbal preparation made from scented water and flagrant flowers, called Nanumura Mangallaya. This holy water is believed to contain healing powers and is distributed among those present. 
The temple sustained damage from bombings at various times but was fully restored each time.
==History==
After the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, tooth relic was preserved in Kalinga and smuggled to the island by Princess Hemamali and her husband, Prince Dantha on the instructions of her father King Guhasiva.Abeywardena 2004: p. 25 They landed in the island in Lankapattana during the reign of King Kirthi Sri Meghavarna (301-328) and handed over the tooth relic. The king enshrined it Meghagiri Vihara (present day Isurumuniya) in Anuradhapura. Safeguard of the relic was a responsibility of the monarch, therefore over the years the custodianship of relic became to symbolize the right to rule. Therefore, reigning monarchs built the tooth relic temples quite close to their royal residences, as was the case during the times of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa and Kurunegala kingdoms. During the era of Kingdom of Gampola the relic was housed in Niyamgampaya Vihara. It is reported in the messenger poems such as Hamsa, Gira, and Selalihini that the temple of tooth relic was situated within the city of Kotte when the kingdom was established there.
During the reign of King Dharmapala, the relic kept hidden in Delgamuwa Vihara, Ratnapura in a grinding stone. It was brought to Kandy by Hiripitiye Diyawadana Rala and Devanagala Rathnalankara Thera. King Vimaladharmasuriya I built a two-storey building to deposit the tooth relic and the building is now gone.Seneviratna 1989: p. 90 In 1603 when the Portuguese invaded Kandy, it was carried to Meda Mahanuwara in Dumbara. It was recovered in the time of Râjasimha II and it has been reported that he reinstate the original building or has built a new temple. The present day temple of the tooth was built by Vira Narendra Sinha.Seneviratna 1989: p. 92 The octagonal Patthirippuwa and moat was added during the reign of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha. Famous Kandyan architect Devandra Mulacharin is credited with building the Patthirippuwa. Originally it was used by the kings for recreational activities and later it was offered to the tooth relic. Now it is an oriental library. Although it was heavily damaged in the 1998 terrorist attack it has restored to its previous state.
==Architecture==
The brick wall which runs along the moat and Bogambara lake is known as water waves wall. Holes in this wall are build to light coconut oil lamps. The main entrance gates which lies over the moat is called Mahawahalkada. At the foot of Mahawahalkada steps there is a Sandakada pahana which is carved in Kandyan architectural style. Mahawahalkada is totally destroyed in 1998 bomb blast and rebuilt afterwards along with sandakada pahana other stone carvings.Abeywardena 2004: p. 28 Elephants are depicted in stone on the either sides of the entrance. A Makara Torana and two guardian stones are placed on top of the staircase. Hewisi drummers' chamber is situated in front of the main shrine. The two storeys of main shrine are known as "Palle malaya" (lower floor) and "Udu malaya" (upper floor) or "Weda hitina maligawa".Seneviratna 1989: p. 93 The doors of the Weda Hitana Maligawa are carved in ivory. The actual chamber which the tooth relic is kept is known as the "Handun kunama".
The golden canopy built in 1987 over the main shrine and the golden fence which encircles the main shrine are other notable features.Abeywardena 2004: p. 26 The tooth relic is encased in seven golden caskets which engraved with precious gemstones.Seneviratna 1989: p. 94 The caskets have a shape of a stupa. The Procession casket which is used during the Esala Perahera is also displayed in the same chamber.
==Associate buildings and structures==
===Royal Palace===
thumb|Vimaladharmasuriya I built the royal palace of Kandy
Royal palace situated to the north of the temple.Abeywardena 2004: p. 36 John Pybus, who was on an embassy in 1762, gives a detailed description on the royal palace.Seneviratna 1989: p. 73 Vikramabâhu III (r. 1356-1374) and Senasammatha Vikramabâhu (r. 1469-1511) built royal palaces on this site. Vimaladharmasuriya I undertook various decorations to the palace.The Dutch historian Phillipus Baldaeus visited the palace with General Gerard Hulft in 1656. The royal residence is known as "Maha Wasala" in Sinhala from the Polonnaruwa period. The royal palace also known as "Maligawa." There were three Wahalkadas and a high wall used as main entrances. The section of the palace facing the Natha Devale is said to be the oldest. During beginning of the British period it was used by Government Agent Sir John D'Oyly.Abeywardena 2004: p. 36 Successors of D'Oyly continued it as their official residence. Today it is preserved as an archeological museum. Ulpen Ge and Queens Palace are the associated buildings of the palace. 
 
===Audience hall===
Audience hall or the Magul maduwa is the where the Kandyan kings held their royal court.Abeywardena 2004: p. 428 It was completed during the reign of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha.http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/kandycon.html The carvings of the wooden pillars which support the wooden roof is an example of wood carving of the Kandyan period. Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha built this in year of 1783. The hall was renovated for the reception of arrival in Kandy of Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales in 1872. Originally the hall of the size of 58*35.6 of feet and after the renovation length was extended by additional 31.6 feet.Seneviratna 1989: p. 87 Other nearby building to the halls believed to be demolished during the British rule. The audience hall was the venue where the Kandyan Convention was drawn up, it was where the convention was read out to the people and where the conference, about the convention was held on 2 March 1815.http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/kandconv.htmlhttp://sundaytimes.lk/080302/KandyTimes/kandytimes_0025.html That space later used to erect the Kandy Kachcheri and Kandy supreme court after that. Today it is used for state ceremonies and conserved under department of archaeology.
===Mahamaluwa===
Mahamaluwa is the lawn situated in front of the temple compound. It was used by the public who came to see the annual Esala perahera.Abeywardena 2004: p. 28 Today it contains a statue of Madduma Bandara. The memorial of which contains the skull of Keppetipola Disawe is another attraction. The statue of Princess Hemamali and Prince Dantha are also located here.
==See also==
*Esala Perahera
*Diyawadana Nilame
==Notes==
==References==
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== External links ==
*Sri Dalada Maligawa Official website
*ශ්‍රී දළදා මාළිගාවේ දියඅගල
Category:Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka
Category:Buddhist pilgrimage
Category:Kandy
Category:Famous body parts
Category:Landmarks in Kandy
Category:Buildings and structures in Kandy
Category:Kingdom of Kandy
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