Mithril

Mithril was a precious, silvery metal, very lightweight but immensely strong, that was discovered by the Dwarves. 
==Description==
The wizard Gandalf explained mithril to the Fellowship of the Ring in TA 3019:
"The wealth of the Dwarves was not in gold or jewels, the silver of the Dwarves; nor in iron for it’s worth was more than that of gold, and now it is beyond price; for little is left above ground, and even the Orcs dare not delve here for it."'... '"Mithril! All folk desired it. It could be beaten like copper, and polished like glass; and the Dwarves could make of it a metal, light and yet harder than tempered steel. Its beauty was like to that of common silver, but the beauty of Mithril did not tarnish or grow dim." 
Mithril in its pure form was rather soft and malleable. It could be used in various alloys to produce extremely lightweight, hard and durable armour. It was also used as a type of inlay called ithildin. The Elves loved it for its beauty and presumably used it for jewelry and attire rather than weapons or armour.
==History==
Mithril was extremely rare by the end of the Third Age. The Dwarves mined for mithril "too greedily and too deep", ultimately releasing a Balrog, Durin's Bane. Once it destroyed the kingdom of the Dwarves at Khazad-dûm, Middle-earth's only source of new Mithril ore was cut off. 
Before the Dwarves fled, mithril was worth ten times its own volume in gold. However after the Dwarves had fled, the excavation of mithril ore stopped entirely, it became priceless, as the presence of the Balrog prevented the Orcs in from mining for it. The only way to obtain a mithril object at the end of the Third Age was to either use heirloom mithril weapons and armour that were produced, or to melt down objects to forge new ones. However, most of the mithril produced by the Dwarves was gathered by Orcs and paid as tribute to Sauron, who was said to covet it.
The helmets of the Guard of the Citadel were made of mithril, heirlooms of Gondor's past wealth. After the War of the Ring Minas Tirith's Great Gate was rebuilt by the Dwarves out of mithril and steel.
==The mithril coat ==
See main article: "Mithril Coat"
Of all items made of mithril, the most famous is the "small shirt of mail" retrieved from the hoard of the dragon Smaug, and given to Bilbo Baggins by Thorin Oakenshield. "It was close-woven of many rings, as supple almost as linen, cold as ice, and harder than steel..." and studded with white gems of unknown variety.
==Other mentions==
*Galadriel possessed one of the three Elven Rings, Nenya. It was wrought of mithril with a white stone.
*The Short Lay of Eärendel: Eärendillinwë by Bilbo Baggins says the Powers of Aman built Eärendil’s ship “of mithril and of elven-glass”.
*Searching Orthanc, King Elessar and his aides found the long lost Elendilmir, a white star of Elvish crystal affixed to a fillet of mithril. Once owned by Elendil, the first King of Arnor, it was an emblem of royalty in the North Kingdom.
*The Guards of the Citadel of Minas Tirith wore helmets of mithril, "heirlooms from the glory of old days."
* As Aragorn's ships sailed up the Anduin to relieve the besieged Minas Tirith during the War of the Ring, the standard flying on his ship shows a crown made of mithril and gold.
*After Gimli became Lord of the Glittering Caves, he and his Dwarves forged great gates of mithril to replace the gates of Minas Tirith which were broken by the Witch-king of Angmar during the Siege of Gondor.
== Etymology ==
The name mithril came from two words in Sindarin—mith, meaning "grey", and ril meaning "glitter". Mithril was also called "fancy-silver" by Men or 'grand-silver' while the Dwarves had their own, secret name for it.The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, Book Two, Ch. IV: "A Journey in the Dark"
==Other precious metals and minerals==
* Arkenstone of Thráin
* Gold
* Silver
==Real world==
===Textual inspiration===
In the Hervarar saga, which was a cycle dealing with the magic sword Tyrfing (and from which Tolkien borrowed, for instance, the names Dwalin and Durin), the hero Orvar-Odd wore a silken mailcoat which nothing could pierce (Oddr svarar: "ek vil berjask við Angantýr, hann mun gefa stór högg með Tyrfingi, en ek trúi betr skyrtu minni, enn brynju þinni, til hlífðar").
===Contemporary inspiration===
For the literal-minded reader, it is unclear whether or not mithril is a real metal; many have thought it to be platinum, or iridium however, both are far too heavy to qualify as candidates. It is possible that this legendary material was modeled after titanium, as this metal, while actually quite abundant as ore, was very expensive to produce in its metallic form (especially by medieval technology), and has some of mithril's properties of strength, bright silvery color, corrosion resistance, and light weight. Other possibilities are aluminium, or magnesium; these metals are even lighter than titanium, but not as strong or as silvery and shiny. (Famously, Napoleon III of France once bought dinnerware made out of aluminium because it was more expensive than gold at the time.) Certainly Tolkien, being highly educated, would have had knowledge of these three metals and the difficulty in preparing them.
==In adaptations==
===Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy===
In Peter Jackson's film adaptation of The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo was stabbed by a boar spear wielded by a Cave-troll rather than an Orc-chieftain.
While it is never explicitly stated where the mithril shirt originally came from, in the extended edition, Gandalf tells the Fellowship that Bilbo had a set of mithril rings given to him by Thorin. Gimli states that it was a kingly gift and Gandalf agrees but admits he never told Bilbo exactly how valuable the rings were.
===Peter Jackson's The Hobbit trilogy===
In The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies, Thorin gives Bilbo the mithril vest while the Dwarves are arming themselves for the upcoming battle, stating that it is a gift and a token of their friendship. Thorin states that it is made of silver-steel but does not mention its value or rarity.
=== The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power===
In the first season of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, it is said that Disa, wife of Durin IV, discovered mithril during a routine mining operation. Durin is reluctant to reveal anything about the discovery, but relents when Elrond finds his way into the old mine underneath Kheled-zâram where the new ore is being excavated. As a token of their friendship, Durin gives a small fragment to Elrond, who gives the metal its name - mithril.The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, Season One, Ep. 4: "The Great Wave"
Afterwards, Elrond recounts an apocryphal tale called The Song of the Roots of Hithaeglir. This song claims the origin of mithril to be when an Elf-warrior and a Balrog fought over a certain tree in the Misty Mountains that contained the light of the last Silmaril. It was then that lightning struck the tree, sending out tendrils of ore into the roots of the mountains beneath. Gil-galad and Celebrimbor believe this tale to be true, and furthermore, that the remnants of the Silmaril's light in mithril could save the Elven race from fading and being forced to return to Valinor.
===Video games===
In the game The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest, mithril is three lore items, and the rarest currency is a Mithril bar, worth a hundred silver coins, while in the game MUME ("Multi-Users in Middle-earth") several legendary items are made from mithril, including the best armour available in the game, some of which requires a group to defeat the Balrog (Durin's Bane) to obtain the key to its treasury.
==In other media==
===In real life===
The band Mithril is a Celtic music quartet located in Alabama in the United States. Their name was inspired by J.R.R. Tolkien's "mithril" substance. According to Wikipedia, the band is composed of Tom Morley (fiddle, bouzouki, mandolin, guitar), Andra Bohnet (Irish flute, penny whistle, fife, Celtic harp), Ben Harper (guitar, bass guitar, flute), and Sam Gaston (djembe, doumbek, percussion, melodica).
==Translations==
Foreign Language 	Translated name
Amharic 	ሚጥይሪሎ
Arabic 	ميتهريل
Armenian 	Միտհրիլ
Belarusian Cyrillic	Міфрыл
Bengali 	মিথ্রিল
Bosnian 	Mitril
Bulgarian Cyrillic 	Митрил
Burmese 	မိထ္ရိလ္
Chinese 	秘銀
Georgian 	მითჰრილ
Greek 	Μιθριλ
Gujarati 	મિથ્રિલ
Hebrew 	מיתריל
Hindi 	मिथ्रिल
Japanese 	ミスリル
Kannada 	ಮಿಥ್ರಿಲ್
Kazakh 	Мітріл (Cyrillic) Mitril (Latin)
Korean 	미스릴
Kyrgyz Cyrillic 	Митрил
Macedonian Cyrillic	Митрил
Marathi 	मिथ्रिल
Mongolian Cyrillic 	Митрил
Nepalese 	मिथ्रिल
Pashto 	مِتهرِل ?
Persian 	میتریل
Punjabi 	ਮਿਥ੍ਰਿਲ
Russian 	Мифрил
Sanskrit 	मिथ्रिल्
Serbian 	Митрил (Cyrillic) Mitril (Latin)
Sinhalese 	මිථ්‍රිල්
Tajik Cyrillic 	Митҳрил
Tamil 	மித்ஹ்ரில்
Telugu 	మిథ్రిల
Thai 	มิธริล
Ukrainian Cyrillic 	Мітріл
Urdu 	ماٹہرال
Uzbek 	Митҳрил (Cyrillic) Mithril (Latin)
Yiddish 	מיטהריל
==References==
ca:Mithril
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ru:Митриль
uk:Мітрил
Category:Minerals and metals
Category:Sindarin names & words