Baja California

The Federative Socialist Republic of Baja California (Spanish: República Socialista Federativa de Baja California), commonly refered as Baja California or simply BC, is a federal republican single party state composed of 14 states, and a federal district (Mexicali). All of the 14 states and the federal district are located in the Baja Californian peninsula, Baja California borders Mexico to the north-east and the United States to the north. The most western state is Tijuana, the most northern is Mexicali, and the most south is Los Cabos. With 20.7 Million people, Baja California is the 46th most populous country in the world. With an area of 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi), Baja California is the 94th biggest country in the world. Baja California is a desert, and produces a large scale of immigration, the climate of Baja California is a hot climate in the north, while in the south it has a semi-tropical climate.
The first tribes recorded appeared in Baja California at ~6000 BC, it's believed by scientists and historians that the first tribes migrated to America at 12000 BC and that settled in the Baja California peninsula at 6000 BC. In 9 AD, for the first time the tribes settled correctly and made the Yurimuri Kumiai settlement, this was located in the northern coast. Between 9 AD and 1500 AD, the Kumiai, Paipai, and Cochimi lived peacefully and no wars happened, it was traditionally for the Paipai and Kumiai to climb up trees every new year in the Kumiai and Paipai calendar which is still used by locals modernly. At 1497-1500 Columbus made 4 trips, although he didn't touch Baja Californian land. In 1504, the first Baja Californian lands were found by Miguel Badillo, a Spanish man that made a trip to America, he sailed all the Gulf of California, although he thought it was an island instead of a peninsula. When he returned to Spain, he told the kings about an island, then in 1507 the land is explored, it was discovered in 1532 that the 'island' of Baja California was not an island, but a peninsula.
In 1509, most of the Baja Californian land (except the western coast of the peninsula) was claimed for the territory of New Spain, as Miguel Badillo made a book where he thought that gold existed in there, more Spanish sailors explored and found the west coast and natives, after fighting with the natives Baja California was fully annexed by Spain as part of the New Spain Territory. Later, All of Baja California was discovered, and then more land was discovered, which was called California, the Spanish thought it was an island, until 1532 where a man called Rodrigo Acosta discovered it wasn't an island, he proved this by walking in circles, referring that he went to Baja California via the Gulf of California, then he walked into a circle and found the settlement of San Luis Rio Colorado, which was a Neospanish settlement, at 1708 AD, the Republic of Baja California was made, it leaved peacefully until 1827, this year, some years after Mexico was formed, Baja California was annexed by Mexico later. In 1912, Baja California declared independence, and the Republic was made, after Nazi ships invaded Yucatan, Baja California helped Mexico and Allies in the World War, mainly in the Pacific Theather (Specifically Hawaii, Fiji, Australia and Philippines). Baja California is modernly a Federative Socialist Republic, and is sending troops to Mexico to fight the Drug cartels.
Baja California is a medium-high developed country with a strong economy, with 987.9 Billion GDP, it's the 16th richest country in the world, it has a high worker productivity, and a low unemployment, modernly, Baja California is a single-party state where only one party is allowed to rule the country, it has no democratic elections, and its ideology is a single-party state with a National Communist system which has nationalist tendencies. Baja California is part of the Communist International, WHO, UN, WTO, and several other organizations.
== Etymology ==
California originally referred to the regions of California, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona and Baja California, the name California comes from a fictional paradise in a book, it's an island with black women and gold, when the Spanish discovered Baja California they thought it was an island at first and named it like that because they thought it was the island mentioned in the book. In Spanish, Baja California literally means Lower California as it's south of California. The name of California mentioned in the Spanish Book is unknown, historical scientists are trying to find out how this name was created.
== History ==
=== Pre-Hispanic period (~12,000 BC-1509 AD) ===
The first inhabitants of North America, including Baja California are thought to have migrated from Siberia, by the way of the Bering Way Bridge, some historians believe they first settled in America at 12,000 AD, and they had tendencies to hunt animals such as deer, the tribes broke up and settled in different places, while some went south to South America. The main tribes in Baja Californian territories were the Kumiai, Paipai, Cochimi, Kiliwa, Guaycura, Pericu, and the Monqui, the Cochimi had the biggest territory in the area, at ~6000 BC, the tribes started to settle and make little towns. Animal breeding was practiced in ~3000 BC by the Cochimi, Kumiai and Paipai tribes, it was part of the tribes' culture to climb trees and get fruits from there, this was practiced by Kumiai and Cochimi children to get fruits for their parents, at the year 1 AD, the tribes completely walked all around California to explore, the Guaycura started to settle and make their towns, the Guaycura and the Cochimi had the biggest territories in the land, although there was never conflicts with any tribe in the peninsula. At 1497 to 1500, Columbus made trips to America, although he didn't touch Baja California, at 1507, Miguel Badillo discovered Baja California and found tribes, most of the tribes thought he was a God of their religion. However, this was the opposite, the tribes were forced to be slaves, then Badillo sent slaves to Spain to prove that there are people in there, then the Spanish Empire sent weapons, etc, to invade the tribes in Baja California. Later, all of Baja California was annexed by Spain as part of the New Spain Colony.
=== New Spain (1509 AD-1708 AD) ===
In 1507, when Miguel Badillo discovered Baja California, natives were sent to the Spanish Mainland to prove that they did discover land, then Spain sended weapons and it's army to America, after they fought the natives, it was easily annexed by Spain and became the New Spain colony, as Columbus told the Spanish Kings about this, Britain and France heard about this and went to America too, then they went to America to make colonies. In 1608, all of the tribes were reunited in what modernly is Mexicali, and a Curch was made, every day, the tribes had to wake up when they heard a bell to pray, they were Christianized and Hispanized, at 1678, Spain established a new rule that both native languages and Spanish must be spoken in the area, in 1708 AD, the natives rebelled against Spain, their leader was Pedro Alvarez, which became the president after Baja California won the war. Later, Spain, Baja California and other countries signed that Baja California will become independent, and the new Republic of Baja California was made in 1708 AD, on 9th January.
=== Republic of Baja California (1708 AD-1827 AD) ===
In 9 January 1708, the Republic of Baja California was made by Pedro Alvarez Ramos, its government type was a republic. Baja California was the first independent state in America, in 1776, the United States of America got independence, making them the 2nd independent state in America. In 1814, the USA expanded and got borders with Baja California, as immigrants from Baja California migrated to USA, the USA declared war on Baja California, Baja California lost most of its territory and it was shrunk.
Tijuana was made in 1820, and was made the capital of the Republic for five years, in 1825, when the new city of Mexicali was built, it became the national capital of Baja California.
Education in Baja California started in 1820 in the Mexicali School, which had a medium education, Baja California was quickly Hispanized by teaching Spanish in schools, and it became the official language, Christianity was adopted as the religion of Baja California. Ethnic groups in Baja California were diverse, the mayor groups were the Kumiai and the Spanish-Baja Californians, Literature was also a strong art in Baja California. Baja Californian clothing was developed in this era by the mix of Spanish and Native culture, the clothes of girls had to fit with the men's clothes.
In 1827, just some years after Mexico was created, the Mexican-Baja Californian war started by Mexico declaring war on Baja California because of imperialism, Mexico won this war, in the treaty of Mexico City it was signed that Baja California would be annexed to Mexico.
=== Part of Mexico (1827 AD-1912 AD) ===
When the Treaty of Mexico City was signed by both president Juan Ramos of Baja California and Guadalupe Victoria of of Mexico, Baja California was annexed by Mexico and named the territory of Baja California, it had a lower rank than other states and it was named a territory. The Population of Baja California at 1830 wa 100,789 people. Baja California's divisions were established in 1857, there were five, which were Mexicali, Tijuana, Ensenada, Los Cabos and La Paz, Baja California was one of the only divisions with two capitals, those 2 capitals were La Paz and Mexicali, which were both the biggest cities in the division too. In 1897, Porfirio Diaz made Baja California from a territory to a state, during the Porfiriato Baja California was one of the less affected states, an East Asian wave appeared around the 1890s, with lots of Chinese and Korean people migrating to Baja California, specifically Mexicali, Russians also migrated to Baja California. At 1912, when the Mexican Revolution happened, Baja Californian rebels rebelled for independence, as Mexico was in revolution Baja California won easily and became an independent state, it was a bit affected by the revolution, as most of the action was in the center of Mexico Baja California was independent in 1912, the revolution stopped for a little time as Baja California had independence, Mexico refused to recognize Baja California as an independent state, so Mexico declared war at Baja California. Mexicali was quickly captured by Mexico, however, Baja California made attacks to Puerto Vallarta and other coastal cities, Mexicali was liberated as USA helped Baja California to have its independence, later, US attacked Mexico via the north-east, Baja California won this war later easily with the help of USA, and the 2nd Republic was created.
=== 2nd Republic of Baja California (1912 AD-1947 AD) ===
In 1912, the Republic of Baja California was re-established as the 2nd Republic of Baja California, it's first president was a man from Tijuana called Joel Ramos, Joel Ramos ruled from 1912 to 1916, as the country was a democracy with four year terms, Baja California was a Federative democracy, in the Treaty of Tijuana in 9 July 1912, the country legalized same-sex marriages, and made religious freedom, although the republic's religion was Atheism.
In 1914, when World War I started, Baja California stated its neutrality and it remained neutral during the war. The president of the country from 1916 to 1920 was Maximo Álvarez, which established relations with countries such as the USA, Mexico and the UK, at 1920, the new president Juan Méndez, which was from Mexico City and that migrated to Baja California, Juan established a high income economy in Baja California and made the country enter the top 20 richest countries by GDP, and had a market economic system, and made the country have 557 Billion dollars. Many schools were established during his ruling, such as the Rosarito University, and the City of San Felipe was established at 1930 by the new president Fernando Agundez. 
=== World War 2 (1941 AD-1945 AD) ===
At 1942, Nazis sent ships to Yucatan and around 50 people were killed, Mexico declared war on the Nazis, Baja California later helped Mexico in the war, at the Philippines, Baja California declared war on Japan and send troops to Luzon to fight Japan, Baja California also sent troops to other islands in the Pacific. After Japan was defeated in Luzon by American and Baja Californian troops, it was occupied, at 1945, when Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuked, Baja Californian troops withdrew from islands and Luzon. 
=== Revolution (1947 AD) ===
At 1947, a revolution lead by Nazaviv Nazham had success, and the country became a Socialist republic after conflicts between the Bolshevik Party (Partido Bolchevique de Baja California) led by Nazham and the Republican Party (Partido Republicano de Baja California) and the Anarchist rebels, this revolution was one of the bloodiest revolutions in the world, with around one million deaths of 17 Million people in Baja California during that time, Trotsky, after he moved to Baja California in 1947 (In this timeline Trotsky wasn't assassinated), Trotsky supported Nazham in the revolution although he had 67 years, he wasn't able to fight because he was busy in other things, still he 'supported' Nazham.
Nazham after this, was known as one of the most evil men in history, around the Cold War, Nazham is thought to indirectly murder around 20 million Americans, Baja Californians and Mexicans. 
=== Federative Socialist Republic of Baja California (1947 AD-Present) ===
After the revolution, the Federative Socialist Republic of Baja California was made, relations with USA were decreased. In 1948, the FSRBC established international relations with PR China, USSR, and other communist countries, when the Cold War ended, Baja California remained Communist. Modernly, The FSRBC still exists, and is currently sending troops to Mexico as the drug war is happening, the Sinaloa Cartel has attacked Baja California, the Tijuana Cartel was founded in 2004 and is currently attacking Baja California.
thumb|331x331px|The 'Arch' in Cabo San Lucas
Baja California's economy is currently one of the strongest in the world, and has a population of 20 Million, the current president is Juan Castro, Baja California's HDI is High, with 0.781. Baja California's economy is around 980 Billion dollars, and it's one of the densest countries in the world.
=== Inclination to the Libertarian side ===
Right now, the Democratic Socialist party, is taking power, and it has been confirmed by Fidel Castro, that by the time he dies, the Democratic Socialist Party will take place. It is believed that this will highly change the country.
== Geography ==
Baja California has a diverse geography for a small area, the most notable mountains in Baja California are Sierra de Juarez and Sierra de San Pedro Martir. Picacho del Diablo is the highest mountain in Baja California, valleys in mountain ranges are located in a zone which is suitable for agriculture, such as Valle de Guadalupe and Valle de Ojos Negros, which product grapes and citrus fruits. The mountain range with minerals and caves extend from the south of the Gulf of California, the ocuntry contains most of its water from The Colorado Desert, to the east of Baja California is the Sonoran Desert, the peninsula broke away millions of years ago from the mainland because of tectonic activity, most of the territory in the south of the country has mountainous ranges, Baja California has many national parks such as Sierra la Laguna, San Ignacio Lagoon, and others. The ecological system is considered to be eloved with a number of endemic species, lower elevations are dominated by desert and arid condition plants. This includes the world’s largest species of cactus, the Cardón cactus, which can reach heights of 15 m.
=== Climate ===
The climate of the southern states is dry, with an average annual temperature of 18–22°C and average annual rainfall of less than 200mm. The lower elevations are the driest and hottest, with summer daytime temperatures above 40°C; wintertime temperatures may fall below freezing. The exception to desert conditions is the Los Cabos region, classified as semi-moist because of Pacific hurricane activity which affects the region. In the spring, prevailing winds are from the west and in the summer from the south and southwest. In the fall, they are from the northwest and in the winter from the north and northwest.
In the north of the country, it can be either Mediterranean or dry, specifically in Tecate and Mexicali, while the rest is Mediterranean.  The Mediterranean climate is observed in the northwestern corner of the state where the summers are dry and mild and the winters cool and rainy. This climate is observed in areas from Tijuana to San Quintin and nearby interior valleys. The cold oceanic California Current often creates a low-level marine fog near the coast. The fog occurs along any part of the Pacific Coast of the state. Rainfall in the Tijuana to Ensenada area is very common per year, increasing inland with elevation. Tecate, in the mountains east of Tijuana, receives low precipitation per year.
Meanwhile, in the Northeastern side, most of it is dry, and it is considered one of the hottest places in the world, and the second hottest in North America with 57 degrees C, just a few degrees than Death Valley. Mexicali is considered the hottest capital in the world, and including humidity, it is one of the hottest places in the entire world.
The summer temperatures in Mexicali are significantly higher than Tijuana, the other major city in Baja California. This is caused by the temperatures in Tijuana being moderated by the ocean, but nearby inland areas such as Mexicali being significantly hotter. However, the hot desert climate seen in Mexicali is actually not unusual for similar parallels, seen in Baghdad, Iraq for example.
(All of the table is in Celsius)
Month 	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high 	38 	38 	40 	42 	48 	53 	57 	49 	49 	45 	38 	31 	57
Average high	20 	23 	35 	36 	38 	35 	45 	46 	34 	32 	25 	21 	31
Daily mean 	11 	15 	18 	21 	25 	30 	33 	33 	30 	24 	17 	13 	23
Average Low 	5 	7 	10 	12 	16 	20 	25 	25 	22 	16 	9 	5 	14
Record low 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
0 	6 	12 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
0 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
=== Environment, Flora and Fauna ===
Common trees are the Jeffrey Pine, Sugar Pine and Pinon Pine.
In the main terrestrial wildlife refuges on the peninsula of Baja California, Constitution 1857 National Park and Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park contain several coniferous species; the most abundant are: pinus jeffreyi, pinus ponderosa, pinus cembroide, pinus quadrifolia, pinus monophylla, juniperus, arctostaphylos drupacea, artemisa ludoviciana, and adenostoma esparcifolium. The flora shares many species with the Laguna Mountains and San Jacinto Mountains in southwest California. The lower elevations of the Sierra Juárez are characterized by chaparral and desert shrub.
In the south part of the country, most of the fauna is from the sea, as the south is mostly composed by coastal parts.
== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
Baja California has a population of 20,678,091 people, and is considered one of the densest places in North America. Half of the population lives a high class life, while only around 500,000 people live in a low class life. This has contributed to the fact that the country is one of the richest, and has a great HDI.
According to a census, most of the population of Baja California enjoys living in there (17 million do, while three million are neutral or dislike.) Baja California is considered one of the happiest countries in America, and even in some lists as the happiest country in the world.
Baja California's population is greatly composed of Mestizos (mix of black and white), and also white people. Black people living in Baja California are very rare, and it is also noticed that Baja California is home to a great Asian population, specifically from China.
=== Language ===
Language in Baja California is quite in a variety, since there are people who speak Spanish, English, Chinese, etc. In Baja California, it is believed that before the Spanish arrived they spoke languages like Kumiai, which was spoken by indigenous people.
Currently, the most spoken language is Spanish, with the second being English. There are quite Cantonese speakers in Baja California, because of the Chinese immigration.
=== Religion ===
Baja California is considered an atheist country by its population due to the governing party. 40% of population is Christian, Catholic or any variation though. 50% is Atheist, and the remaining 10% are others.
== Government and Politics ==
=== Government ===
Baja California is subdivided into 10 'municipios' (municipalities). These are Ensenada, Mexicali, Tectate, Rosarito, Tijuana, Loreto, La Paz, Comondu, Los Cabos, and Mulege. All of these are governed by a municipal leader which has major impact in the decisions of the country's government while at the same time governing their own state. 
=== Politics ===
The politics in Baja California are very divided, however since there is literally no democratic elections in the country, this has lead into many people in the country to support the country's ideology. The are multiple people who are liberal or libertarian, though the Demoratic Socialist ideology is the biggest one in the entire country.
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