Keikyu N1000 series

The Keikyu 1000 series, colloquially known as the N1000 series, is a Japanese city commuter electric multiple unit operated by Keikyu Corporation since April 2002.
==History==
The N1000 series trains were designed as a new energy-efficient train to replace the older 700 and 1000 series trains, with additional aims to increase comfort, reduce maintenance and being more environmentally friendly. Entrance into service began in April 2002.
As of 2022 a total of 20 batches of sets have been produced amounting to 484 cars in total split into 81 sets; construction is still ongoing with more sets slated to be produced. Refurbishments of the initial batch of sets began in 2017. 1137 was involved in a crash with a truck at a level crossing; the set was scrapped in March 2020.
==Design==
The N1000 series sets use a flat front end with top-mounted headlights in square-shaped casings recessed in the body. Two ovoid casings mounted near the bottom of the car body house the taillights and express indicators.
==Specifications==
Car body construction depends on the batch of sets the train belongs to; first to fifth batch sets are constructed of aluminum while all future sets are constructed of stainless steel. Every batch of sets feature a number of different specification differences. The sets are largely based on the 2100 series sets also operated by the same company.
The first two batches of sets were manufactured with Siemens GTO variable frequency drives, producing a solfège scale on acceleration, giving it the affectionate moniker of "singing train"; these are very likely to be the last trains in Japan to have been manufactured with a GTO-based traction system. Due to a lack of spare parts and Siemens having withdrawn from the Japanese market, a decision was made by Keikyu to replace the traction systems; this work was completed in July 2021 when the last set to feature this traction system, 1033, was refurbished. As a result no more "singing trains" exist on the Keikyu Corporation. Third to fifth batch sets feature IGBT drives, also manufactured by Siemens, which produce a shrill shriek.
Sixth batch sets and onwards feature a variety of IGBT drives, manufactured by Toshiba, Tōyō Denki Seizō or Mitsubishi. One set was built with Toshiba IGBT-PMSM drives, and beginning with the sixteenth batch, 8-car sets were built with two different types of Mitsubishi silicon carbide-MOSFET drives.
The first two batches of sets feature a sander of sorts on the emergency brakes; this was later omitted on later sets as the emergency brakes were not frequently used.
==Trivia==
*Set 1153 was the first set produced by J-TREC after it was spun off from Tokyu Car Corporation; a handover ceremony was held to mark the occasion.
*Officially, the sets are known as the 1000 series; despite this the sets are often colloquially known as the N1000 series to distinguish them from the earlier 1000 series sets. Despite this the sets are still often referred to as the N1000 series sets long after the 1000 series sets had retired, with Keikyu even using the moniker for some of their official material.
Category:Keikyu trains
Category:Electric trainsets
Category:J-TREC locomotives
Category:Kawasaki locomotives
Category:Tokyu Car locomotives