Galatians 6

Paul concludes his letter to these congregations in the province of Galatia with some parting wisdom. He does this with three "lets", the sharing of burdens, the sowing of the seed, and endurance in doing good. Then he concludes with a final warning against the Judaizing influences, his constant nemesis.
==Galatians 6:1-5==
1 Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted. 2 Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ. 3 For if a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself. 4 But let every man prove his own work, and then shall he have rejoicing in himself alone, and not in another. 5 For every man shall bear his own burden.
This harkens back to what Paul wrote in Romans 3 (crazy how often we go back to Romans in studying Galatians, right?). In Romans 3:23-24, Pauls explains that all the saved had sinned and needed salvation at one time. Here, the Galatian congregations needed to remember that when one of their own had become lost to sin again. There is a definite need to restore that person (again, Paul teaching against Eternal Security/Once Saved Always Saved). However, when restoring them, it should be done with a spirit (not Spirit) of meekness, remembering that at one time those doing the restoring had been sinners.
The burden here is a sharing of the load of any trials and temptations. These folks are in the midst of the persecution at the hands of the Jews and facing the teachings of the Judaizers (Gal. 2-4). When Christians act like real brothers and sisters are supposed to act, they are talking to one another, communicating without judgmentalism (which is different that judging), and helping, truly helping each other stand against those problems. The law of Christ, summarized in loving God and loving neighbors, is fulfilled through this action of sharing the load. Some of us are strong against certain temptations but weak against others. If I help shoulder the load where someone else is weak and I am strong and they or another can share my load where I am weak and they are strong, then we can all stand together under the load because the yoke is easy and the burden is light.
However, if someone thinks they can go it alone, they are lying to themselves and actually arrogant to think that. Humble pie is a difficult dessert to swallow, but a just one.
Paul then says that each individual must "prove" their own work. This isn't contradicting what he just said by saying a person must bear their individual burden alone. The word prove here means to examine closely, to compare their own work to the standard of the Word of God, to make sure they are doing what God wills. It is the same as verse 1, remembering that they were once sinners but now had overcome that and were tasked with doing the same for others. There is no room for haughtiness and looking down their nose at the one who has fallen into sin again. If a person examines themself and finds they are doing what needs to be done, then there is joy within (not the same as celebrating and boasting without), because they know they are doing as God wills.
Ultimately, Paul says each man is responsible for his own burden, not those who seek to help. If we fall, we cannot blame the elders or the preacher and our other fellow Christians for not helping us enough. If we fall, its our choice to do so. The elders, the preacher, or the other Christians must examine themselves and make that determination.
==Galatians 6:6-8==
6 Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that teacheth in all good things. 7 Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. 8 For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the spirit shall of the spirit reap life everlasting.
This second let is about teaching the gospel. "Let him that is taught in the word communicate..." the word communicate here is from koinonia, the word from which we get fellowship. Paul is saying the person who is taught needs to reach a point in their growth where they are working with the one who taught them so that they both can go out and sow the gospel seed to more of the world. If they are in fellowship in good works and good teachings, then when they work together to teach others, they will be successful in saving souls.
However, they need to be careful. If they sow to the flesh, the desires of this world, that's what they'll receive as their end reward in who they convert, just more sinners. I believe that Paul is making a very powerful connection here to the Judaizing influences. The Jews were enamored of things physical and their end soon was destruction. Paul is saying don't give in to that, but be spiritually minded (Romans 7-8).
Once more, the KJV and other translations capitalize "spirit" with no need. Those who sow to spiritual things, shall have the end product of being spiritually minded, more people who have eternal life as all Christians now have.
==Galatians 6:9-10==
9 And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not. 10 As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith.
The last let is to not falter, not become tired of doing good continuously. With patience, good work, teaching the gospel, sharing the burden of fellow Christians, showing forth the love of God through benevolence, evangelism, and support, will bear much fruit in due time. So whenever there is opportunity, Christians should do these things to all men. The word "especially" here is not about primacy, not about chronological order, not about 'hey, I wish I could help you right now in this moment, but you aren't a Christian and I need to help them first". It's about not neglecting our fellow Christians, not having the mindset warned against in verses 1-3.
==Galatians 6:11==
11 Ye see how large a letter I have written unto you with mine own hand. 
Paul signs the dictated letter with his own hand.
==Galatians 6:12-15==
12 As many as desire to make a fair shew in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised; only lest they should suffer persecution for the cross of Christ. 13 For neither they themselves who are circumcised keep the law; but desire to have you circumcised, that they may glory in your flesh. 14 But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world. 15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature.
Paul ends with more admonition against the Judaizers, the main thrust of his letter.
Those who seek to live according to physical things are trying to bind physical circumcision on the Gentiles. Some were giving in in order to avoid persecution at the hands of the Jews!
The Judaizers, the Jews who were doing the persecuting don't actually keep the Law of Moses the way they were supposed to. They only keep the parts that matter to them, the rituals that they have corrupted to proclaim their bigotry and arrogance. They do this in order to show their superiority to the Gentiles and their dominance over those Gentiles who claim to follow who they believe to be an usurper, Jesus.
Paul says that he does not glory in himself or in physical things. He glories in the death of Christ for his sake, for the things that God has done for him. For this cause, the physical things of the world mean nothing to him, the same way it means nothing to one who is dead. Physical circumcision after the cross comes to be the representative of all physical things, especially as they relate to the Old Testament. In Christ, then, physical things, especially of the Law of Moses, are meaningless. Only the new creature, the new inward/spiritual man regenerated at their immersion into Christ.
==Galatians 6:16-17==
16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy, and upon the Israel of God. 17 From henceforth let no man trouble me: for I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus.
Paul then wishes peace on those who follow this standard of thinking. Moreover, he wishes mercy upon the Israel of God. I believe this is mercy related to the spiritual Israel (chapter 4) because at this point physical Israel no longer exists as such, and the Jews are no longer God's people. This mercy then relates to swift judgment against the church's tormentors, the Jews.
==Galatians 6:18==
18 Brethren, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen.
Paul ends his letter by focusing once again on the spiritual side of man in emphasis over the physical. This is not just a disjointed closing statement, but a conclusion to the warnings against the addiction to the physical self above.
Galatians, like so many of Paul's letters, is a book warning against Judaism and the Judaizing influence, an encouragement to stand strong in Christ because the Jewish system and all the physical trappings of it were about to be done.
In Truth and Love.
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Galatians 6