James Charles Kopp

James Charles Kopp (born August 2, 1954) is an American citizen who was convicted in 2003 for the 1998 sniper-style murder of Dr. Barnett Slepian, an American physician from Amherst, New York who performed abortions. Prior to his capture, Kopp was on the FBI's list of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. On June 7, 1999 he had become the 455th fugitive placed on the list by the FBI. He was affiliated with militant anti-abortion group "The Lambs of Christ".
He has been referred to as a terrorist by the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism,The Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism bio sketch of Kopp and was "well-known in militant anti-abortion circles, where he was nicknamed Atomic Dog" Vulliamy, McDonald & Jeffries (2001) Abortion death hunt muzzles 'Atomic Dog': FBI Kept At Bay by Suspect Using A Secret Email System, The Guardian, 1 April 2001
==Early life==
James Charles Kopp was born in Pasadena, California and raised Lutheran, but later converted to Catholicism. Kopp started providing support to anti-abortion groups after his girlfriend underwent an abortion, and used his technical abilities to create special locks that protesters then used on the doors of abortion clinics.
==Murder==
On October 23, 1998, at approximately 10 p.m., Dr. Barnett Slepian was standing in the kitchen of his home in Amherst, New York. Kopp fired a single shot from a rifle from nearby wooded area, which entered the Slepian home through a rear window. Slepian was a well-known obstetrician/gynecologist who performed abortions at a women's clinic in Buffalo, New York. He also maintained a private medical practice in an office in Amherst, New York. Within hours of the murder, anti-abortionists posted Slepian's name crossed out on their internet website, which also served as "a virtual hit list of doctors who carry out abortions".
==Fugitive==
The FBI believed that Kopp received assistance in fleeing the US, although Irish pro-life groups denied they assisted him.
Kopp fled to Mexico under an assumed name and later to Ireland. While staying in Ireland, Kopp began practicing Traditionalist Catholicism. He then fled Ireland one step ahead of police on a ferry to Brittany, France on 12 March 2001, with two Irish passports besides his original U.S. document. 
On March 29, 2001, Kopp was arrested by French law enforcement in the town of Dinan, Brittany, just after picking up a package containing $300. The United States requested his extradition. Attorney General John Ashcroft promised that the death penalty would not be sought, handed down or applied, a prerequisite according to the extradition treaty between France and the United States. Ashcroft's promise was made over the objections of New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and Erie County District Attorney Frank Clark, both of whom sought the death penalty. Spitzer and Clark argued that the charge of murder was a state charge, not a federal charge, and Ashcroft had no jurisdiction in the matter. The instruction chamber of the Rennes Court of Appeals ruled in favor of extradition. Kopp appealed the ruling.
===Extradition===
In May 2002, Kopp waived all possible appeals in France and agreed to return to the U.S., which he did in June.
==Trial and conviction==
On March 11, 2003, Kopp waived his right to a jury trial. Based upon an agreement between the defense and prosecution — Erie County Assistant District Attorney Joseph Maruszak and defense attorney Bruce Barkett — Erie County Judge Michael D'Amico would be required to find Kopp guilty or innocent based on a single document of facts. In addition, the judge could not consider lesser charges; he would have to find Kopp guilty or not guilty of second-degree murder. Kopp had confessed his role in the shooting to police, claiming that he only meant to wound Slepian. D'Amico found him guilty and sentenced him to the maximum penalty, 25 years to life imprisonment, on May 9, 2003. D'Amico told Kopp "It's clear the act is premeditated; there is no doubt about it. You made an attempt to avoid responsibility for the act. What may appear righteous to you is immoral to someone else."Killer of New York abortion doctor gets maximum 25 years to life sentence from CourtTV News
The Appellate Division, Fourth Department, upheld the conviction on July 7, 2006 (Shawn P. Hennessy, attorney for respondent and Timothy Murphy, attorney for appellant).
==Appeals==
Kopp filed an appeal with Federal court. Judge Richard Joseph Arcara was selected to preside. Arcara has limited what Kopp can say on the stand and also has prohibited Kopp from showing pictures of aborted fetuses. There are also limitations to witness' accounts. If found guilty in Federal court, Kopp faces a mandatory life sentence.
Kopp was charged with violating the Clinic Entrances Act and using a weapon in the murder of Slepian. Kopp chose to act as his own attorney. On day two of Kopp's federal trial during cross examination, Kopp attempted to have the court reporter of his previous state trial read back statements pertaining to abortion. Judge Arcara precluded this, holding that under the Federal Rules of Evidence, Kopp was barred from stating anti-abortion, religious or moral reasoning for his actions, which ultimately precluded Kopp from revealing any rationale for his actions.
Kopp was also charged in the United States District Court for the Western District of New York on a count of violating the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act. Kopp dismissed his court-assigned attorney, an assistant federal public defender, and once again chose to represent himself. 
On June 20, 2007 he was sentenced to life imprisonment plus 10 years for illegal use of a firearm. Additionally, the court ordered his belongings auctioned off in order to pay $2.6 million to Slepian's family. Arcara told Kopp as the end of the trial: In opening statement to the jury, Kopp said that although Slepian's death was "a full-bore, 100 percent tragedy" it wasn't murder because it was not malicious or premeditated. He did acknowledge that he had planned the shooting for a year, and that he fired a high-powered rifle with telescopic sights, but that he had only meant to wound the doctor (to keep him from performing abortions). Kopp claimed that pre-meditation means "Shoot them in the head, blow up a car, riddle their body with bullets like they do in the movies. That's how you kill someone."
On April 6, 2009, The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the life sentence holding that all issues raised were without merit.
==Other possible crimes==
It has been speculated that Kopp has committed other crimes besides killing Slepian. The FBI notes that "(t)he shooting was similar to shootings in Rochester, New York, and three Canadian cities during the fall of 1997, in which abortion doctors were shot in their homes".Facts and Figures 2003 from the FBI Kopp has been charged by Canadian authorities in the 1995 shooting of an Ontario, Canada doctor, Hugh Short, one of a string of Remembrance Day shootings.Anti-Abortion Extremists -James Kopp
Doug Saunders, "Hidden Face of Murder Frustrates Pursuers". Globe and Mail, October 22, 2002, pp.A9. Robert Maas, "Abortion Doctor Stabbed in B.C.". Globe and Mail, July 12, 2000, page A3 Estanislao Oziewicz, "Potential Jurors Must Reveal Abortion Views". Globe and Mail, March 4, 2003, page A3Michael Beebe, "Round Two for James Kopp: Anti-Abortion Activist Goes on Trial Again This Week for the Sniper Death of and Amherst Abortion Provider", The Buffalo News, p. 1, January 7, 2007.
==Co-conspirators== 
Kopp had received help from sympathetic pro-life activist couple Loretta Marra and Dennis Malvasi, who pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy in helping Kopp avoid capture. Marra and Malvasi had communicated extensively with Kopp, telling him also via electronic communications that "the coast is clear", referring to his proposed secretive return to US via Canada, and also to his use of their home as a safe house. On August 21, 2003, they were sentenced to time served, and released. The fugitive assisters later changed their names to Joyce Maier and Ted Barnes.
==Fictional portrayals==
The murder of Slepian inspired an episode of Law and Order: Criminal Intent.
==See also==
*Army of God (USA)
*Paul Schenck
*Anti-abortion violence in the United States
*Christian terrorism
*Domestic terrorism in the United States
==References==
==External links==
* Court TV complete coverage of James Kopp murder trial
* Anti-abortion Extremist James Kopp
* James Kopp: A Chronology of Violence
* Kopp Flops in Bid for Martyrdom
* Archive of Kopp's FBI Most Wanted info
* DOJ statement on Kopp Extradition
* http://news.lp.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/kopp/usmalvasimarra101702ord.pdf
* http://www.christiangallery.com/koppdidit.htm
* http://www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/PressReleases/PR2001/PR200105.asp
* http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2002/June/02_ag_335.htm
* Feminist Daily News stories about Kopp
* Feminist Daily News stories about Marra
* Search Ms. for Kopp
* Kopp's Federal Court Case
Category:1954 births
Category:Anti-abortion violence in the United States
Category:Americans convicted of murder
Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Category:American pro-life activists
Category:Living people
Category:People from Erie County, New York
Category:People from Pasadena, California
Category:Perpetrators of religiously motivated violence in the United States
Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New York
Category:People convicted of murder by New York
Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism
Category:American Traditionalist Catholics
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