Tours: Menkaure's Funerary Complex

<tabber>
|-|The Pyramid of Menkaure=
The dimensions of Menkaure's pyramid are much less grandiose. However, unlike its predecessors, Menkaure's pyramid shows a great deal of complexity in its internal and external finish.
The outside was partially covered in red granite, while the internal walls were richly decorated. This latter innovation would not catch on until the end of the , when pyramid texts began to adorn the walls.
|-|Two Sloping Passages=
Menkaure's pyramid contains two sloping passages, both located in the northern side of the structure.
The upper one was abandoned during the construction phase, whereas the lower one, slightly above the base of the monument, constitutes the real entrance.
The lower passage leads to a first room, which, for the first time since the reign of Djoser, is decorated with engraved false doors.
|-|The Pyramid Complex=
While Menkaure's pyramid complex was unfinished at the time of his death, it was hastily, and somewhat shabbily, completed by his successor, Shepseskaf.
Even so, this funerary structure marks a watershed in the history of this kind of monument. From then onwards, the pyramid shrank, whereas the mortuary temple expanded both in its quantitative and qualitative aspects.
Of particular note, it is within Menkaure's mortuary temple that one can find the heaviest block of limestone ever used for a pyramid complex, weighing in at over 200 tons.
|-|Menkaure's Causeway=
Menkaure's causeway was completed in mud-brick by the king's successor, whereas the lower part was nothing more than a simple ramp.
As for the valley temple, it was built in two phases: the foundations were first laid out in limestone during Menkaure's reign, but the temple itself was completed in mud-brick afterwards.
As such, the valley temple was soon damaged and ended up being completely rebuilt during the 6th dynasty.
|-|The Queens' Pyramids=
Three small structures referred to as Menkaure's Queens' Pyramids, were erected along the southern side of the main pyramid. One of them was a smooth-faced pyramid, while the other two were more basic step pyramids.
Itis difficult to assess whether the latter were designed as such or were left unfinished, with no casing to smooth out their surfaces.
</tabber>
<tabber>
|-|A Change of Purpose=
The easternmost pyramid was built with the traditional rooms and corridors found within a
satellite pyramid meant to house the King's ka. However, a granite sarcophagus was found
within, Leading to the conclusion that it was used as an actual tomb rather than as a symbolic cenotaph.
Drawing on these observations, some assume that this pyramid was first built as a satellite pyramid for the king's ka, before seeing its purpose change to that of a queen's tomb.
Which queen, however, remains a mystery.
</tabber>
Category:Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt