Masked Man Fallacy

Masked Man Fallacy-Ella
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Definition: The masked man fallacy is based on Leibniz's Law, which states that if one object has a certain property while another does not, then the two objects cannot be identical.  While Leibniz's Law is valid, it is not valid when being is replaced with knowing, and once this occurs, that is the masked man fallacy.  The masked man fallacy has to do with jumping to conclusions and assuming something just because it seems right, without really knowing if it is. In other words, if somebody knows a ton of properties about a certain object, but not all of them, then Leibniz’s law becomes invalid, because there might be an overlapping property that is just unknown, and does actually happen to exist/be. 
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The fallacy can be found in the following form
I know who/what X is.
I do not know who/what Y is.
Therefore, X is not Y.
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Example in the “real world”(where could the average person encounter this in daily life):
This fallacy is used a lot in advertising and comparing brands. Advertisements can promote a cool feature of their brand, and if the other brand doesn’t have that feature, then it can be used against them through the masked man fallacy. For example, I know that Verizon is the best phone brand because it has coverage in the most rural places, such as Montana. I do not know if AT&T has coverage in Montana. Therefore, AT&T is not the best phone brand. 
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An example of this fallacy from film or literature: 
One example of this fallacy is Superman. Lois Lane believes that Superman can fly. She doesn't know if Clark Kent can fly. Therefore, Superman is not Clark Kent. In this scenario, Lois Lane is saying what she believes to know, which is that Superman can fly, and what she does not know, which is whether or not Clark Kent can also fly.  While the fact that Superman can fly may be true, she cannot just assume that Superman(X) is NOT Clark Kent(Y) just because it seems as if Clark Kent cannot fly. She must know that Clark Kent cannot fly in order to say Superman(X) is NOT Clark Kent(Y). In simpler terms, just because she believes one thing does not make that thing automatically true. 
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A visual: