1975

Events from the year 1975 in the United States.
==Incumbents==
===Federal Government===
* President: Gerald Ford (R-MI)
* Vice President: Nelson Rockefeller (R-NY)
* Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger (MN)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: Carl Albert (D-OK)
* Senate Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
* Congress: 93rd (until January 3), 94th (starting January 3)
==Events==
===January===
* January 1 – Watergate scandal: John N. Mitchell, H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up.
* January 2 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.
* January 3 – Volkswagen introduces the Golf, its new front-wheel-drive economy car, in the United States and Canada as the Volkswagen Rabbit.
* January 6
** AM America makes its television debut on ABC.
** Wheel of Fortune premieres on NBC.
** The Indiana Law Enforcement Academy begins operations.
* January 8
** Ella Grasso becomes Governor of Connecticut, the first woman U.S. governor who did not succeed her husband.
** President Gerald Ford appoints Vice President Nelson Rockefeller to head a special commission looking into alleged domestic abuses by the CIA.
* January 12 – Super Bowl IX: The Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Minnesota Vikings 16–6 at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana.
* January 15 – The Carousel of Progress moves to Walt Disney World from Disneyland.
* January 29 – The Weather Underground bombs the U.S. State Department main office in Washington, D.C.
* January 31 – Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown premieres on CBS, but did not win the Nielsen Ratings (Rival NBC won that day at the 8PM Hour).
===February===
* February 2 – The 7.6 Ms Near Islands earthquake hits the Aleutian Islands in Alaska with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), injuring 15.
* February 13 – Fire breaks out in the World Trade Center.
* February 21 – Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell, and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison.
* February 23 – In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States.
===March===
* March 9 – Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins.
* March 10 – The Rocky Horror Show opens on Broadway in New York City with 4 performances.
* March 19 – The release of Tommy, a musical/drama produced by Ken Russel and Robert Stigwood.
* March 30 – James Ruppert murders 11 family members inside his home on Easter Sunday.
===April===
* April 3 – Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.
* April 4
** Vietnam War: The first military Operation Babylift flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff, killing 138 on board; 176 survive the crash.
** Bill Gates founds Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
* April 8 – The 47th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Bob Hope, Shirley MacLaine, Sammy Davis Jr. and Frank Sinatra, is held at Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part II wins six awards (twice as many as its predecessor), including Best Picture and Best Director for Coppola. The sequel is tied with Roman Polanski's Chinatown in receiving 11 nominations. It is the final ceremony aired by NBC.
* April 30 – Vietnam War: The Fall of Saigon: The Vietnam War ends as Communist forces take Saigon, resulting in mass evacuations of Americans and South Vietnamese. As the capital is taken, South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally.
===May===
* May 1 – The unemployment rate peaks at 9.0% ending the Post-War Boom.
* May 5 – The Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park, originally known as Busch Gardens: The Old Country, opens in Williamsburg, Virginia.
* May 12 – Mayaguez incident: Khmer Rouge forces in Cambodia seize the United States merchant ship SS Mayaguez in international waters.
* May 15 – Mayaguez incident: The American merchant ship Mayaguez, seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by the U.S. Navy and Marines; 38 Americans are killed.
* May 25 – Indianapolis 500: Bobby Unser wins for a second time in a rain-shorted 174 lap, 435 mile (696 km) race.
* May 27 – In the National Hockey League, The Philadelphia Flyers defeat the Buffalo Sabres 2-0 in game six of the finals to claim their second straight Stanley Cup.
* May 30 – American distance runner Steve Prefontaine dies in car accident in Eugene, Oregon.
===June===
* June 1 – Bee Gees' album, Main Course is released in the United States.
* June 10 – In Washington, DC, the Rockefeller Commission issues its report on CIA abuses, recommending a joint congressional oversight committee on intelligence.
* June 20 - Universal Pictures releases Steven Spielberg's adaptation of Peter Benchley's bestseller Jaws in 409 cinemas across the United States. The coupling of this broad distribution pattern with the movie's then even rarer national television marketing campaign has yielded a release method virtually unheard-of. Regardless, the film ultimately brings in $123.1 million by the end of its initial run, and is considered to be the first modern blockbuster as a result.
* June 26 – Two FBI agents and one AIM member die in a shootout at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota.
===July===
* July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock in orbit, marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations. It is also the last Apollo mission and the last manned U.S. space mission until STS-1 (the first Space Shuttle orbital flight).
* July 22 – Stanley Forman takes the photo Fire Escape Collapse.
* July 30 – In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing. He is never found and is declared dead in absentia in 1982.
===August===
* August 1 – The 5.7 ML Oroville earthquake affects Butte County, California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), injuring 10 and causing $3 million in damage.
* August 5 – U.S. President Ford posthumously pardons Robert E. Lee, restoring full rights of citizenship.
* August 8 – Samuel Bronfman II, son of Seagram president Edgar Bronfman, is kidnapped in Purchase, New York. He is rescued after a ransom is paid.
* August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.
* August 25 – Bruce Springsteen's album Born to Run is released.
===September===
* September 5 – In Sacramento, California, Lynette Fromme, a follower of jailed cult leader Charles Manson, attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is thwarted by a Secret Service agent.
* September 14 – Elizabeth Seton is canonized, becoming the first American Roman Catholic saint.
* September 18 – Fugitive Patricia Hearst is captured in San Francisco.
* September 22 – U.S. President Gerald Ford survives a second assassination attempt, this time by Sara Jane Moore in San Francisco.
===October===
* October 1 – Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
* October 11 – NBC airs the first episode of Saturday Night Live (George Carlin is the first host; Billy Preston and Janis Ian the first musical guests).
* October 21 – 1975 World Series: The Boston Red Sox defeat the Cincinnati Reds in Game Six off Carlton Fisk's twelfth inning home run, but the Reds would go on to win in Game Seven.
===November===
* November 3 – An independent audit of Mattel, one of the United States' largest toy manufacturers, reveals that company officials fabricated press releases and financial information to "maintain the appearance of continued corporate growth."
* November 5 – Travis Walton, a 22-year-old logger, is working in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest with six co-workers near Snowflake, Arizona, when he suddenly disappears. Walton is found five days later and says that he has been abducted by extraterrestrial aliens. His book, The Walton Experience (1978), will become the basis for a film, Fire in the Sky (1993).
* November 10 – The bulk carrier Edmund Fitzgerald sinks 15 miles off of Whitefish Point, Michigan, losing all 29 crew on board.
* November 20 – Former California Governor Ronald Reagan enters the race for the Republican presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford.
* November 29
** The name "Micro-soft" (for microcomputer software) is used by Bill Gates in a letter to Paul Allen for the first time (Microsoft becomes a registered trademark on November 26, 1976).
** While disabled, the submarine tender USS Proteus (AS-19) discharges radioactive coolant water into Apra Harbor, Guam. A Geiger counter at two of the harbor's public beaches shows 100 millirems/hour, 50 times the allowable dose.
** The 7.4 Mw Hawaii earthquake hits several of the Hawaiian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing two deaths, up to 28 injuries, and a destructive tsunami.
===December===
* December 8 – New York City is approved for a bailout of $2.3 billion each year through to 1978, $6.9 billion total.
* December 23 – United States Congress passes the Metric Conversion Act which encourages, but does not mandate, metrication in the United States and establishes the Metric Board.
* December 25 – The first Family Express opens in Valparaiso, Indiana.
* December 29 – A bomb explosion at LaGuardia Airport kills 11.
==Memoriam==
* January 6 – Burton K. Wheeler, attorney and politician (aged 92; Washington, DC, USA)
* January 7 – Harry Gunnison Brown, academic economist (aged 94; Columbia, MO, USA)
* January 8 – Louis P. Lochner, political activist, journalist and author (aged 87; Wiesbaden, (West) Germany)
* January 18 – Evelyn Greeley, silent film actress (aged 86; West Palm Beach, FL, USA)
* January 19 – Thomas Hart Benton, painter (aged 85; Kansas City, MO, USA)
* January 24 – Larry Fine, comedian, actor, and musician (The Three Stooges) (aged 72; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* January 27 – Bill Walsh, film producer and writer (aged 61; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* February 4 – Louis Jordan, African American swing band leader (aged 66; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* February 5 – George Rowe, silent film character actor (aged 80; Santa Barbara, CA, USA)
* February 10 – Dave Alexander, musician (aged 27; Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
* February 14 – P. G. Wodehouse, comic writer (aged 93; Southampton, NY, USA)
* February 16 – Morgan Taylor, Olympic hurdler (aged 71; Rochester, NY, USA)
* February 25 – Elijah Muhammad, Nation of Islam leader (aged 77; Chicago, IL, USA)
* March 9 – Alfred E. Driscoll, 43rd Governor of New Jersey (aged 72; Haddonfield, NJ, USA)
* March 14 – Susan Hayward, film actress (aged 57; Beverly Hills, CA, USA)
* March 15 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (aged 69; Neuilly-sur-Seine, France)
* March 30 – Pancho Barnes, pioneer aviator (aged 73; Boron, CA, USA)
* April 19 – Percy Lavon Julian, African American research chemist (aged 76; Waukegan, IL, USA)
* April 20 – John Vachon, photographer (aged 60; New York City, NY, USA)
* May 4
** Two Ton Baker, entertainer (aged 59; Hazel Crest, IL, USA)
** Moe Howard, comedian and actor (The Three Stooges) (aged 77; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* May 30 – Steve Prefontaine, long-distance runner (aged 24; Eugene, OR, USA)
* June 6 – Larry Blyden, actor and game show host (aged 49; Agadir, Morocco)
* June 15 – William Austin, film character actor (aged 91; Newport Beach, CA, USA)
* July 16 – Lester Dragstedt, surgeon (aged 81; Elk Lake, MI, USA)
* September 6 – Shelton Brooks, African American song composer (aged 89; Los Angeles County, CA, USA)
* October 1 – Larry MacPhail, lawyer and baseball executive (aged 85; Miami, FL, USA)
* November 11 – Clinton Anderson, politician (aged 80; Albuquerque, NM, USA)
* November 14 – Harry J. Anslinger, 1st Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (aged 83; Altoona, PA, USA)
* December 24 – Bernard Herrmann, composer and husband of Lucille Fletcher (aged 64; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
==External links==
* 1975 in the United States
Category:United States History: Volume 20