Zagreb Airport

Zagreb Franjo Tuđman Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Franjo Tuđman Zagreb) or Zagreb Airport (Croatian: Zračna luka Zagreb) (IATA: ZAG, ICAO: LDZA) is an international airport serving Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest and busiest airport in Croatia. In 2023 it handled 3.72 million passengers and some 10,859 tons of cargo.
Named after Franjo Tuđman, the first President of Croatia, the airport is located some 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Zagreb Central Station in Velika Gorica. It is the hub of the Croatian flag carrier Croatia Airlines and a focus city for Trade Air. The main base of the Croatian Air Force is also located on the airport's premises. Moreover, the Croatian Air Traffic Control has its administration situated on the grounds of the airport.
== History ==
The history of Zagreb civil aviation began in 1909 when the first airfield was built close to the western city neighbourhood (city district) of Črnomerec.[citation needed]
With the creation of the first Yugoslav flag carrier Aeroput in 1927, the airport was relocated to the Borongaj airfield in 1928 which began serving the ever-growing number of passengers on 15 February of that year.[citation needed] Although several European airliners connected the city, it was mostly Aeroput which connected Zagreb to major destinations across Europe and thus significantly increased traffic at Zagreb in the period preceding the Second World War.
Following World War II, commercial services were moved to a former military airbase near the village of Lučko south-west of the city in 1947. JAT Yugoslav Airlines took the role of Aeroput and made Zagreb its second hub. At its peak in 1959, Lučko served 167,000 passengers.[citation needed]
The current location of the airport at Pleso in the south-east of Lučko opened in 1962 with a 2,500 m (8,200 ft) long runway and 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) terminal. By 1966, Zagreb Airport got a new 5,000 m2 (54,000 sq ft) state-of-the-art passenger terminal. The runway capacity was lengthened to its current 3,252 m (10,669 ft) in 1974.[citation needed]
In the 1980s, Zagreb Airport was the second largest in Yugoslavia by passenger and aircraft movements. Yugoslav flag-carrier JAT maintained a hub in Zagreb and connected the city to numerous destinations.[citation needed] For instance, it offered nonstop flights to New York City aboard McDonnell Douglas DC-10s. These services inevitably had a major impact on air traffic at Zagreb during that period.
On 31 August 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence, the airport became the scene of fighting between Croatian armed forces and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) when a Boeing 707 chartered by Anton Kikaš carrying weapons for the Croatians was forced to land there by Yugoslav MiGs. Croatian forces attacked the control tower and blocked roads in and out of the airport, but the JNA successfully seized the 707 and flew it out of the airport. The airport later became a UN hub for getting food and medical supplies to war-ridden Croatia and Bosnia. The British 24th Field Ambulance were stationed in a former JNA camp at the airport.
Following an increase in passenger numbers and the necessity to upgrade its infrastructure, the airport installed a CAT-IIIb instrument landing system (ILS) in 2004.
In 2008, a new VIP terminal was added and the terminal was extended to include extra amenities, restaurants and bars. The terminal was expanded to 15,500 m2 (167,000 sq ft).
By 2010, the old terminal was nearing its maximum annual capacity.[citation needed] That year the passenger terminal received a major facelift in the course of which a viewing platform with a bar was added.
On 12 April 2012, the ZAIC consortium received a 30-year concession for the airport from the Government of Croatia. The consortium consists of Groupe ADP (21%), Bouygues Bâtiment International (21%), Marguerite Fund (21%), International Finance Corporation (17%), TAV Airports (15%) and Viadukt (5%). The concession includes financing, designing and constructing a new passenger terminal. The construction of a brand new 70,000 m2 (750,000 sq ft) terminal facility designed by Neidhardt architects of Zagreb and carried out by Bouygues Bâtiment International in partnership with Viadukt began on 18 December 2013 with the aim to replace the old terminal. It now has an initial annual capacity of 5.5 million passengers in the first phase and was officially completed in October 2016. The official inauguration of the terminal was on 28 March 2017. ZAIC now operates the entire airport, including the runways, passenger terminal, cargo terminal, car parks and future property developments, under a 30-year concession. This contract involves a total investment of around €324 million: €236 million for the design and construction of the new terminal and €88 million for operation of all airport infrastructure for the entire period of the concession.
On 27 February 2020, the runway, formerly designated as 05/23, was redesignated to 04/22 due to the change in magnetic declination.
On 30 March 2021, Irish low-cost airline Ryanair announced the opening of a new base in Zagreb commencing July 2021. The airline will be basing three Airbus A320-200 aircraft and start flights to 26 previously unserved destinations.
== Operations ==
The airport was awarded to the ZAIC consortium (Zagreb Airport International Company) in a 30-year concession under the terms of a contract signed by the Government of Croatia with the aforementioned.[citation needed] The contract includes the financing, designing and construction of a new passenger terminal which was opened in March 2017.[citation needed] For the purpose of managing the airport, ZAIC registered a company called MZLZ d.d. (Međunarodna zračna luka Zagreb d.d.) that is now the operator of the Airport.
== Terminal ==
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zagreb_Airport_Terminal_20170506205714.jpg|thumb|Departures area
The current terminal building was opened to the public on 28 March 2017.[failed verification] It stretches over 65,800 m2 (708,000 sq ft) on three levels featuring four baggage carousels, 8 air bridges, 9 security checkpoints, 45 check-in desks, 23 passport control booths and a car park with the capacity of 1,250 vehicles. Furthermore, the new apron has three remote stands next to the terminal, while 23 stands at the old passenger building are also used during the peak season. Each of the aircraft parking positions at the facility includes a visual docking guidance system which gives information to a pilot on how to park their aircraft. The terminal itself features a large 600 square metre duty-free shop operated by Aelia, 16 cafés, bars, restaurants and snack bars as well as 12 retail stores.
Enough space has been left for 30 additional check-in counters and 2 baggage carousels to be added once the new terminal reaches its current maximum capacity of 5 million passengers. Further extensions envisaged along the thirty-year concession period will potentially see expanding current apron from present 100,000 to 300,000 m2 (1,100,000 to 3,200,000 sq ft) and terminal capacity increased to 8 million through gradual expansion of the terminal in four Phase 2 expansions.[unreliable source?]
== Airlines and destinations ==
=== Passenger ===
Airlines 	Destinations
British Airways 	London–Heathrow
Croatia Airlines	Dubrovnik, Frankfurt, London–Heathrow, Manchester (To be announced), Pula, Split, Zadar
=== Cargo ===
Airlines 	Destinations
DHL Aviation	Leipzig/Halle
MNG Airlines	Istanbul, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
== Ground transportation ==
ZAG can be reached from the city centre by scheduled local bus services (No. 290) operated by ZET or scheduled coach services operated by Croatia Airlines' subsidiary Pleso Prijevoz.
== Statistics ==
=== Busiest routes from ZAG in 2023 ===
Busiest domestic routes to/from Zagreb Airport (2023)
Rank	Airport 	Passengers 2023	Airlines
1 	Dubrovnik, Croatia	203,234 	Croatia Airlines
2 	Split, Croatia 	151,891 	Croatia Airlines
3 	Pula, Croatia 	21,982 	Croatia Airlines
4 	Zadar, Croatia 	21,583 	Croatia Airlines
Busiest European routes to/from Zagreb Airport (2023)
Rank	Airport 	Passengers 2023	Airlines
1 	Frankfurt am Main, Germany 	305,279 	Croatia Airlines, Lufthansa
2 	Istanbul, Turkey 	203,219 	Turkish Airlines
3 	Amsterdam, Netherlands 	196,812 	Croatia Airlines, KLM
4 	Munich, Germany 	150,467 	Croatia Airlines, Lufthansa
5 	Paris-Charles de Gaulle, France 	144,003 	Air France, Croatia Airlines
6 	Vienna, Austria 	134,640 	Austrian Airlines, Croatia Airlines
7 	London-Stansted, United Kingdom 	117,600 	Ryanair
8 	London-Heathrow, United Kingdom 	100,840 	British Airways, Croatia Airlines
9 	Zürich, Switzerland 	84,951 	Croatia Airlines
10 	Charleroi, Belgium 	80,995 	Ryanair
11 	Rome-Fiumicino, Italy 	78,666 	Croatia Airlines, Ryanair
12 	Dublin, Ireland 	77,813 	Croatia Airlines, Ryanair
13 	Warsaw-Chopin, Poland 	71,679 	LOT Polish Airlines
14 	Bergamo, Italy 	69,420 	Ryanair
15 	Copenhagen, Denmark 	65,307 	Croatia Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle
16 	Valletta, Malta 	62,662 	Ryanair
17 	Belgrade, Serbia 	62,224 	Air Serbia
18 	Skopje, North Macedonia 	59,724 	Croatia Airlines
19 	Mulhouse, France 	59,177 	Ryanair
20 	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	52,128 	Croatia Airlines
Busiest intercontinental routes to/from Zagreb Airport (2023)
Rank	Airport 	Passengers 2023	Airlines
1 	Doha, Qatar 	93,253 	Qatar Airways
2 	Dubai-International, United Arab Emirates	62,755 	Flydubai
3 	Toronto-Pearson, Canada 	26,864 	Air Transat
== Awards ==
* 2022 Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Award in 3 categories:
** Best Airport of 2 to 5 million Passengers in Europe (won for three consecutive years).
** Airport with the Most Dedicated Staff in Europe
** Easiest Airport Journey in Europe
== References ==
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# ^ Vlada Republike Hrvatske: Potpisan Ugovor o koncesiji za izgradnju Archived 1 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Croatian) 11 April 2012
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# ^ aviationcargo.dhl.com retrieved 9 March 2022
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# ^ Paris Aéroport, Paris Vous Aime Magazine, No 13, avril-may-juin 2023, p. 139