Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid

is a Japanese anime film based on Hans Christian Andersen's 1837 eponymous fairy tale, released in 1975 by Toei Animation. Unlike the Disney adaptation released 14 years later, this film is closer to Andersen's story, notably in its preservation of the original and tragic ending. The two main protagonists are the youngest daughter of the royal family, Marina, and her best friend Fritz, an Atlantic dolphin calf. In Japan, this film was shown in the Toei Manga Matsuri (Toei Cartoon Festival) in 1975. The film was later released in the United States, dubbed into English by G. G. Communications, Inc. and Prima Film, Inc., on February 4, 1978.Andasen dōwa ningyo hime on IMDB
==Plot==
The movie opens in live-action Denmark. The narrator mentions Hans Christian Andersen and his authorship of the original story. After a brief shot of a live-action ocean and the opening title card (with a mermaid song in the background), the scene dissolves to 2-D hand-drawn anime.
Princess Marina, who lives in the undersea kingdom with her father, grandmother and five older sisters, is playing with her best friend Fritz, a dolphin. On her way home, the Sea Witch conjures a powerful storm. Marina is scolded by her sisters for being late, reminding her that their grandmother will not give her the pearl hairpin that signifies adulthood unless she is responsible. Marina and her sisters are then summoned to their father and grandmother and are told to go to bed early because of the storm.
The following day, Marina's sisters go to the surface. Marina is curious, but she is forbidden to go because she has not yet come of age. She then asks her grandmother if humans can live forever. She says that although mermaids can live up to 300 years, they do not have an immortal soul as humans do when they die; mermaids simply dissolve into sea foam and cease to exist. While exploring a sunken ship destroyed by the storm, she discovers a statue of a human prince. Deciding that she is ready to see the world above, she and Fritz sneak away to the surface with the help of Fritz's uncle, Duke the Whale. There, she sees the handsome young prince on a ship.
Suddenly, another storm arises and throws the prince into the sea. Marina saves him and brings him to shore, leaving him there to be found. A raven-haired young woman arrives, finds the prince and cares for him. Marina and Fritz then return home to the kingdom. Marina's grandmother tells the king of the rescue and decides that Marina is ready to come of age. The next morning, Marina joins her sisters and receives her pearl hairpin.
Determined to see the prince again and to gain an immortal soul, Marina visits the Sea Witch, who actually had sent the storm and apparently has some agenda of her own, and obtains a potion that allows her to exchange her tail and her beautiful voice in order to become human. The Sea Witch warns Marina that if the prince marries another, she will die and turn into sea foam the next morning. After a heartfelt goodbye to her family and to Fritz, Marina drinks the potion and is transformed.
Early the following morning, she is discovered by the prince on the shore. Marina lives with the prince for one month and they become very close. One day, Fritz visits Marina and informs her that if she needs him, she can signal him by raising her pearl hairpin high in the air.
The prince takes Marina horseback riding the next morning. While riding, the prince's jealous cat Jemmy pounces on Marina's horse, spooking the horse into throwing Marina off. Marina is surrounded and chased by a pack of wolves. The prince comes to her rescue and kills the wolves, enraging Jemmy.
The prince tells her that his parents want him to marry a foreign princess, but instead he wants to marry the girl who saved his life. Since he cannot find her, he wishes to marry Marina. Jemmy, who then vows to get rid of Marina, reports the conversation to the prince's parents, and the queen suspects that Marina has bewitched her son.
When the ship arrives carrying the princess whom his parents intend for him to marry, the prince's father orders Marina to be placed under arrest for treason. The next morning, the prince meets the foreign princess and recognizes her as the same raven-haired girl who had supposedly saved him. The prince and princess are soon married.
Heartbroken, Marina summons Fritz so that she can say goodbye. Fritz vows to find a way to save her. Marina's sisters, having given their hair to the Sea Witch, give her a magic dagger. They tell her that if she stabs the prince through the heart and lets his blood drip onto her feet, she will become a mermaid again. Marina accepts the dagger. With dawn only minutes away, Marina sneaks into the prince's room but finds that she cannot bring herself to kill him. Marina kisses him goodbye as he sleeps.
As she throws the dagger into the sea, the reflection wakes the prince. He rushes onto the deck, calling after her, but she jumps before he can reach her. As he calls her name one last time, he sees that she has left behind her pearl hairpin and a scale from her tail. As the sun rises, Marina's body slowly turns to foam and ascends into the sky. The prince suddenly realizes that Marina was the girl who had saved his life, and he grieves her death. Marina becomes a daughter of the air and her spirit lives on in heaven for her self-sacrifice, while Fritz calls out her name.
The movie then fades back to live action in Denmark, and the narrator expresses belief that the mermaid princess has become one with the sea and waves in body and soul, that her love and courage forever lives on in the hearts of all. The movie ends on a still shot of the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen.
== Main characters==
; :Marina, 16 years old, is princess of the undersea kingdom and the youngest of six daughters. She is a blond, sweet and beautiful mermaid and is known for having the most beautiful voice in the kingdom. She is curious about the human world and likes collecting items that come from the surface. She falls in love with a human prince and sacrifices her beautiful voice in order to be with him.
; :Fritz is a blue Atlantic dolphin calf, and Marina's best friend.
; :Brave and well-trained in the military arts, the Prince dislikes the idea of an arranged marriage. After surviving a shipwreck, he becomes obsessed with finding the girl who saved his life.
; :Unlike in other versions of the story, the Sea Witch is not evil, but she is shrewd. She has no specific interest in harming anyone, but can be very destructive in creating storms that sink ships. She is a gigantic devil ray.
; :Cecilia is the raven-haired princess of the Kingdom of Finland. Her personal name is not given in Japanese.
; :The main antagonist of the story, despite being the Prince's loyal cat, Jemmy tries to get rid of Marina, first by killing her and then by accusing her of manipulating the prince.
==Music==
;Opening theme
: Sung by Kumiko Osugi, lyrics by Tokiko Iwatani, music and arrangement by Takekuni Hirayoshi.
;Inserted song
; "Marina's Song" in the English version.
: Sung by Kumiko Osugi and people, lyrics by Tokiko Iwatani, music and arrangement by Takekuni Hirayoshi.
==Voice cast==
Character	Original 	English
Marina 	Fumie Kashiyama	Kirsten Bishopric
===Original===
*Mariko Miyagi - Fritz the Dolphin
*Taro Shigaki - Prince
*Kosei Tomita - Duke the Whale
*Hidekatsu Shibata - King of the Mermen
*Ichiro Nagai - Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish
*Kaneta Kimotsuki - Crab, Triton's Trumpet Snail
*Haruko Kitahama - Sea Witch
*Kazuko Sawada - Jemmy the Cat
*Rihoko Yokota - Raven-haired girl/Princess of Suomi
*Kazuko Sugiyama, Haruko Kitahama - Marina's Sisters
*Nana Yamaguchi - Prince's Mother
*Miyoko Asō - Queen Mother of the Mermen
*Akiko Tsuboi - Trailer Narrator
===English===
*Thor Bishopric - Fritz the Dolphin
*Ian Finlay - Prince
*Jeannette Casenave - Marina's Sister, Queen Mother of the Mermen, Additional Voices
*Terry Haig - Crab, Additional Voices
*Neil Shee - Duke the Whale, King of the Mermen, Additional Voices
*Jane Woods - Sea Witch, Jemmy the Cat, Raven-haired girl/Princess of Suomi, Marina's Sister, Prince's Mother
==VHS movie titles==
* Andersen dôwa ningyo hime (Japan) (alternative transliteration)
* Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid (USA) (video box title)
* The Little Mermaid (international: English title)
==Home releases==
The film was released on Region 1 (USA and Canada) DVD by UAV Corporation under the name "The Little Mermaid: Based on Hans Christian Andersen's Classic Tale."UAV release on Amazon.com The cover artUAV release cover art differs significantly from that of the original U.S. VHS release, which was released by Starmaker under the title Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid.Starmaker cover artScreen capture from 1975 film However, multiple reviewers on Amazon.com state that the actual film on the DVD is the same as that of the Starmaker release (albeit somewhat censored). The reviewers' images also depict those of the original 1975 Toei film. The UAV version is not to be confused with the GoodTimes Entertainment/Golden Films version. The film is now licensed by Discotek Media, which released the full, uncut film on Region 1 DVD, making it the first time that the full film has been available in the U.S. since the original VHS release. The DVD includes the original Japanese audio with English subtitles and the English dub, and presents the film in its original aspect ratio.
==Internet release==
The Japanese version can be viewed on several media websites, including Yahoo! Japan, but IP addresses not based in Japan are blocked from viewing it.
== See also ==
==References==
==External links==
* 
* 
* Retrojunk article/review of the original U.S. version
Category:1975 anime films
Category:Anime and manga based on fairy tales
Category:Drama anime and manga
Category:Fantasy anime and manga
Category:Films based on The Little Mermaid
Category:Films directed by Tomoharu Katsumata
Category:Toei Animation films
Category:Toei Company films
Category:Japanese films
Category:Fictional princesses
Category:Discotek Media
Category:Japanese animated fantasy films