Romulan language

The Romulan language was the language read and spoken by Romulans that was used within the Romulan Star Empire and the Romulan Free State. Its written form consists of square and rectangular s, which could be arranged horizontally or vertically. (e.g.: ; ; ; )
==Written language==
In 2370, Jean-Luc Picard identified an artifact recovered from Calder II as being from , because the alphabet and symbology of the glyphs and pictograms on the artifact was much more consistent with early Vulcan than Romulan. ()
==Spoken language==
The Romulan spoken language had three dialects, and was difficult to distinguish from the Vulcan language to those not proficient in xenolinguistics. ()
As of 2258 in an alternate reality, Starfleet officer was knowledgeable in all three Romulan dialects. ()
Upon the first official encounter between Romulans and Starfleet in 2152, audio-only communications were established. Although the early universal translator initially had problems locking on to the Romulan language, Enterprise communications officer Hoshi Sato was able to translate what turned out to be an ultimatum to depart immediately. ()
The was a joint project between the Romulan Reclamation Site and the Borg Reclamation Project, thus announcements, signage and crew conversations tended to be in both English and Romulan. ()
Ramdha, the foremost expert on Romulan mythology, noted that Romulan didn't have a word for "mythology" – that a better translation would be "the news." ()
===Words and phrases===
* Chula – Place name of a valley on Romulus ()
* D'deridex – "Warbird", a term designating Romulan starships:
** Data referred to the Romulan starships as " cruisers"; () the same type of ships were referred to as "Warbird-class starships" by Jean-Luc Picard ()
* Gal Gath'thong – A place name on Romulus ()
* Ganmadan – Ancient term for the "Day of Annihilation" ()
* Jolan tru – A salutation used for "hello" and "goodbye" (; ; )
* Kali-fal – A type of Romulan ale ()
* Lu shiar – Lifting the eyes; second segment of Zhal Makh ()
* Pixmit – Cards with cultural significance ()
* Prod – Praetor or commander ()
* Qalankhkai – "Freeblade", a Qowat Milat warrior bound to a worthy cause ()
* Qazh – a profanity ()
* Qezh – a profanity ()
* Qezhtihn – An insult ()
* Qlam wath – The Unfolding; third segment of Zhal Mahk ()
* Qowat Milat – An order of warrior nuns ()
* Rok khan – A later segment of Zhal Makh ()
* Shaipouin – "False door" ()
* Tal Shiar – The Romulan intelligence agency/secret police ()
* Tan qalanq – A sword wielded by the Qowat Milat ()
* Uhlan – A rank in the Romulan military ()
* Veruul – A Romulan insult, analogous to the Klingon word "pahtak" (petaQ); possibly profane 
** Commander William T. Riker was familiar with the term, and used it against Alidar Jarok when the Romulan disparaged Lieutenant Worf with Klingon curse words ()
* Viinerine – A type of food ()
* Vorta Vor – The source of all creation ()
* Vri glam – The center; the fourth segment of Zhal Makh ()
* Yut makh – Closing (as of the eyes); starting point of a Zhal Makh ()
* Zarbalgon – Wanderer () 
* Zhat Vash – A term sometimes used for the dead ()
===Examples of spoken language===
;Setha-tri par trukatha.
;Setha-ki par trukatha.
;Setha-mille par trukatha. 
:Part of a Romulan self-destruct countdown aboard a Romulan Warbird. ()
----
;Uhn kan'aganna! Tehca zuhn ruga'noktan!
;Uhn Kan'aganna! Tehca zuhn! Neemasta kan'aganna uckwazta!
;Kuhn'ukchtacht zuhn vockwadai!
;Bar'ak t'stu annankana. 
:Romulan ultimatum to inside an annexed star system. ()
----
;Viktra neth wass valuum?
:Can you keep a secret? ()
----
;Yiwav sooha wassyakassa kahfavret eedayhoon fal teh voh?
:If certain people requested entry… would it be granted?
----
;Nehn vrelev zohzuus.
:We are not like them anymore.
----
;Lehsbey invehcreese nehveltev staam.
:My presence is an intrusion, forgive it. ()
----
;Shauwdaur botwar!
:Run, sisterboy!
;Sharah aroostos!
:Bite me!
----
;Sammeh!
:He's coming! 
;La-hok yuun uzor nek varet viyuun.
:Let yourself be seen.
----
;Ramdha shabakom, widuus fidufi wass kai Ganmadan.
:Professor Ramdha, what can you tell us about Ganmadan?
;Ganmadan n'rihaar falakfar dranbst steb faifsneh mahktaar.
:Ganmadan is what our ancestors called the Day of Annihilation.
;Sa viduus dor kehm 'mahktaar'…
:When you say 'annihilation'…
;Daneek pal. Dal gevuul, nigau. Zha hass velavoor zekha trekt logevlaza ektoi sorat Seb-Cheneb.
:Of everything. All life, everywhere. When all the shackled demons break their chains, and answer the call of The Destroyer. ()
----
;Nimm vrakesh.
:Not for her. (In response to "Is this room available?")
;Zhal Makh nimm vramin gadar.
:Zhal Makh is not for round-ears.
;Ikell uhklet nem vrann ilell. Vijot uhl chaltov.
:And a sub-commander's bars are not for idiots. You risk losing them. ()
----
;Vesh ta'jot.
:Kill them all.
----
;Feldor staam toreht.
:Please, friends. Choose to live.
;Rashant… sudan ropengneh nah.
:I admit… I was not expecting this.
----
;Nenhahn impahr zhatu Zhat Vash val Qowat Milat konin. 
:This is not how Zhat Vash fights Qowat Milat.
;Yiehviin d'taav.
:If that's what you are. ()
----
;Shet nigosh b'bat. Gorosh.
:A crewman aboard the Narada, after Captain Richard Robau comes aboard. ()
----
;Sab khut hafeth. Frazhannempal was qailefeth.
:Seize today, for we know nothing of tomorrow. ()
== Appendices ==
===Appearances===
 
*
** (Season 2)
** (Season 4)
** (Season 5)
** (Season 6)
* (Season 7)
*:
**
**
* (Season 2)
*
** (Season 1)
**
**
**
**
** (Season 2)
**
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* (Season 1)
*
** (Season 4)
** (Season 5)
**
=== Background information ===
Romulan dialogue was spoken by Ayel (played by Clifton Collins, Jr.) in a deleted scene from the film . Translated into English, the Romulan he said meant, "Commander Nero. We're surrounded. What are your orders?" The Romulan dialogue written for the show was supplied by Marc Okrand, better known for creating Klingonese. "I had never done anything with Romulan before, but since Romulans and Vulcans are related, I made the Romulan language one that could be related to Vulcan – not closely, but in certain patterned ways. The two languages are heard mostly in the background as opposed to being spoken by main characters." 
For , constructed language creator Trent Pehrson was hired to develop the grammar and vocabulary of Romulan language spoken in the series. Pehrson also served as a dialect coach for the language. "I was given instruction on what preexisting fragments were to be considered as canon. I incorporated all of those. Essentially, those really only yielded limited phonotactic information, some vague lexical items, and a hand-full of possible grammatical morphemes. There was also some Vulcan canon, which was useful, in a historical linguistic sense, to further flesh out phonotactics, and to derive another small set of lexical items. Native Romulan orthography fragments, used in prior canon production, were aesthetically pleasing, but were clearly just a thinly disguised version of the Roman alphabet. So, I used only the visual aesthetic from that, and created a system fitting to the actual phonotactics and phonemic inventory of the Romulan language. ST:Picard, E2 recently featured a decent sampling in a scene. The rest (the majority of the language) I had to construct." 
Pehrson was also credited as a Romulan language consultant for episodes of that featured the language.
=== Apocrypha ===
* In Diane Duane's The Romulan Way, the Romulan language is said to be related to the Vulcan language. This suggests that during the Exodus of the Romulans, they abandoned most things Vulcan. "One thing they agreed on quickly was that they could not stop being Vulcan while they still spoke the language." In order to rectify this problem, the Romulans went back to old or "High" Vulcan and "aged" the language in another direction. The resulting tongue was named Rihan, with the Romulans' name for themselves being Rihannsu in Duane's novels, meaning "the Declared", in reference to their decision to secede from Vulcan society. (This name also used to collectively refer to the novel series.) The Romulan Way includes a partial glossary for the language (reprinted in the omnibus edition Rihannsu: The Bloodwing Voyages), and Duane reportedly intended to publish a Rihan counterpart to The Klingon Dictionary but it never materialized. However, fandom has extensively expanded on it, and it has been reused in other licensed works including the Romulan War series of novels and Star Trek Online.
* In the novel Vulcan's Heart, Spock notices Romulans cursing in old Vulcan.
* The Romulan language font is called Kzhad, and was created by Monte Thrasher based on the shapes of LED displays.
* FASA gaming manuals referred to the Romulan word for the Romulan language as "Romlastha".
===External link===
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es:Veruul
fr:Romulien (langue)
it:Lingua romulana
pl:Język Romulan
 
Category:Alternate reality