Dinosaur

Dinosaur is a creature type used for cards depicting prehistoric reptile-like and related creatures.
==Description==
Dinosaurs can be bipedal or quadrupedal species. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some have skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. According to modern science, dinosaurs are ancestors of birds, and many non-avian dinosaurs were feathered themselves.
===Definition===
Current scientific consensus is that the definition of dinosaurs excludes the flying pterosaurs, synapsids like Dimetrodon, and all the various groups of marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs. This distinction is largely ignored in popular culture and similarly in Magic: The Gathering, where most reptilian prehistoric animals are typed as Dinosaur creatures.
===Etymology===
The real-world term 'dinosaur' is derived from the modern Latin dinosaurus via the Greek deinos, meaning 'terrible', 'horrible', 'fearful', 'astounding', 'marvelous', 'mighty' or 'powerful' and sauros, meaning 'lizard', which itself is an existing creature type and the creature type originally printed on numerous Dinosaurs before the Ixalan block.
==History==
<c>Pygmy Allosaurus</c> from Ice Age was the first card to be printed with the creature type Dinosaur. The type was dropped in the Grand Creature Type Update and subsequent Dinosaurs were printed as Lizard Beasts (<c>Crag Saurian</c>, <c>Shivan Raptor</c>, <c>Gnathosaur</c>, <c>Imperiosaur</c> and <c>Deathmist Raptor</c>). <c>Old Fogey</c> from Unhinged was the only exception; the card retained the subtype Dinosaur because un-cards were eliminated from the Comprehensive Rules list. 
According to Aaron Forsythe, a dinosaur world was "unlikely to happen, because they do nothing". However, on Announcement Day in June 2017 it was revealed that the Ixalan block would feature feathered dinosaurs. Kelly Digges confirmed on Twitter that the creature type would be restored and existing dinos would get Oracle updates.Kelly Digges on Twitter In September 2017, 13 older cards were indeed updated to have the subtype. With this, <c>Fungusaur</c> from Alpha retroactively became the earliest card with the subtype. In January 2018, four more cards were updated. 
In the Ixalan block, Dinosaurs are one of the four main supported tribes. The Lost Caverns of Ixalan also has a dinosaur Typal theme.
==Storyline==
===Dominaria===
Scaly allosaurs and raptors once roamed areas such as Shiv. The <c>Territorial Allosaurus</c> is a still-living remnant of the Ice Age. The Windgrace Acolytes fly on pterodactyl-like creatures.
===Fiora===
Like on Ixalan, Fiora's wilderness is home to feathered raptorial dinosaurs. Selvala of Alberon is <c title="known to be able to call them">Hymn of the Wilds</c> as she can do with many other wild beasts and birds.
===Ikoria===
Dinosaurs are one of the dominant clades of Ikoria and associated with both Raugrin and red mana, though some are mono-green as well. They are more reptilian than dinosaurs in other planes, having scales instead of feathers and generally looking like generic lizards. They are extremely violent and constantly seek to fight and kill.
===Ixalan===
Dinosaurs are the dominant wildlife in the world of Ixalan, where they are known as quetzacama. They inhabit its jungles and especially the lands of the Sun Empire, where some are controlled by the Sun Empire (without being domesticated). Unlike dinosaurs from other planes, these bear brilliant plumage in multiple colors. However, the Elder Dinosaurs, along with those living in the Core lack this trait and are more akin to the traditional scaly image of dinosaurs. They are associated with the sun, and local dinosaur avatars embody different solar stages. The humans of the Sun Empire believe them to be creations of Kinjalli, who made them out of stone.
Saheeli Rai taught Sun Empire engineers to produce dozens of mechanical dinosaurs, known as mechanoquetzacama, in preparation for the Empire's invasion of Torrezon. Though they are loyal to whomever holds their command codes, Saheeli kept physical master keys of her own.
====Types of Dinosaurs====
;The Rumbling Herbs 
The largest dinosaurs are huge, long-necked herbivores that feed on the leaves of tall trees. The enormous size of these dinosaurs means that a single beast, often a young, old, or injured one that gets separated from the herd, can feed a whole pack of smaller predators. The magnificent altisaurs wander across the plains and through the sparse forests of the Sun Coast, grazing on the tops of trees. Brontodons travel in herds, and when they build up any speed the earth thunders beneath their tremendous weight.
;Horned Herbivores
Many smaller herbivores are found on the plains of Ixalan. Rather than depending on size for protection, these dinosaurs are protected by plated scales, sharps horns, or spiked tails. They tend to be aggressively proactive in chasing off predators before they are attacked, and the people of the Sun Empire find them among the hardest dinosaurs to control. Ceratopses sport enormous horns on and around the large feathered frills that protect their necks. The related snubhorns lack the sharp, pointed horns of their cousins. Despite their surly temper, ceratopses make excellent mounts.
;Scales, Spikes, and Hammers
Dinosaurs without the prominent horns of the ceratopses, armored plating, and deadly tails are their best defense against predators. Aegisaurs' backs are covered with thick, armored scales that resemble turtle shells. Their tails are tripped with massive, bony clubs that can smash an aggressor's skull. Armasaurs also have plates on their backs, but these rise like spikes along their spines. Their whiplike tails also bear sharp spikes for protection. Even lacking horns or spikes, hammerskulls can protect themselves with their thickly plated heads. Other herbivores rely on speed, stealth, or numbers to aid their chances of survival. In addition, tuskodon's big temper and sharp tusks make them a spiky, charging threat.
;Soaring Flocks
Aerosaurs include several varieties of large reptiles with leathery wings, including pterodons and sunwings. Though they are generally clumsy fliers, better at gliding from high perches or riding coastal updrafts than at lifting themselves from the ground, they are sometimes used as mounts by knights of the Sun Empire.
;The Flesh Eaters
The most feared dinosaurs are the aggressive bipedal predators that hunt other dinosaurs, and aren't averse to feeding on human flesh. Despite (or more likely because of) their ferocity, they make excellent mounts, since they do not balk or shy away from combat. These dinosaurs include a huge variety of raptors, ranging from dog-sized creatures that hunt in terrifying packs to monstrous raptors large enough to carry an armored knight into battle.
;Teeth and Frills
Ferocidons are particularly vicious relatives of raptors, specializing to take down much larger prey. Sailbacks are predators that lurk in lakes and rivers to ambush unwary prey. The dinosaurs aptly known as deathspitters can spit venom to blind their prey before closing in for the kill.
;Dinosaur Tyrants
Ixalan's largest predators are a family of dinosaurs with large heads, bladelike teeth, and short, almost vestigial front legs. These terrifying creatures bear names like monstrosaurs, dreadmaws, swordtooths, regisaurs, and tyrants, and the mere sound of their roars inspires terror. Most of them are solitary hunters, but regisaurs, in particular, are known for hunting in small packs.
====Elder Dinosaurs====
The Elder Dinosaurs were preserved for ages in the Golden City of Orazca.The Art of Magic: The Gathering - Ixalan Compared to their smaller cousins they have less colorful plumage and more grayish scales, but their feathers are a bright gold that matches the city itself. They are strong-willed and ferocious, but the power of the Immortal Sun gives the Sun Empire warriors who wield it the ability to bring these elder dinosaurs under their command. The tale of the Elder Dinosaurs had taken Huatli the longest to memorize, an agonizing two years to lock in her mind in its entirety. They were ancient and wild, utterly untamable, the greatest of the dinosaurs.
===Mercadia===
The Rushwood of Mercadia is home to the <c>Pangosaur</c>, a heavily armored quadrapedal dinosaur that is shockingly elusive despite its massive size.
===Mirrodin/New Phyrexia===
Pterons, pterodactyl-like flying creatures that soared the skies above the Razor Fields of Mirrodin. They were associated with White, and were ridden as mounts by the leonin. Ikoria is the only other known plane with this kind of creature and may be the origin of Mirrodin's pterons. Originally called "platocoatlus," their design was based on Quetzalcoatlus.
<c>Tyrranax</c> were giant predatory reptiles that roamed the Tangle, feeding on any lesser creature. After the Phyrexian conquest, many of the top predators within the Hunter's Maze were once Tyrranaxes.
===Muraganda===
<c title="Imperiosaurs">Imperiosaur</c> and other giant saurians inhabit this primeval and wild plane and are sometimes victims to the Mimeoplasm.
====Saurids====
Saurids are humanoid dinosaurs. They rule the Saurid Autocracy, the mightiest state on the plane, a kingdom that includes human subjects, who the saurids call "softskins." Saurids are obligate carnivores.
===Ravnica===
Dinosaurs have been known to exist on Ravnica, often intruding on the urban territory, such as 
Pterros, flying beasts with long necks, are ridden by the Gruul.Cory J. Herndon (2005). Ravnica Cycle, Book I: Ravnica, Wizards of the Coast
===Tarkir===
The mist valleys are home to some fearsome <c title="raptorian saurians">Deathmist Raptor</c> with camouflage abilities.
===Thunder Junction===
A herd of dinosaurs followed a <c>Scalestorm Summoner</c> through an Omenpath to Thunder Junction and found their curiosity rewarded with an untamed world rich with unsuspecting prey.
==Notable Dinosaurs==
==Gallery==
File:PteronConcepts.jpg|Pteron head concepts by Anthony Scott Waters, showing four variants: Moonhawk; Crowned, Witchbird, or Witchfire Bird; Greater; and Lesser.
File:PteronConcepts2.jpg|Pteron concepts by Anthony Scott Waters.
File:Ghalta.jpg|Ghalta, the elder dinosaur of green mana.
File:IkoriaDinosaurConcept.png|Ikoria Dinosaur-clade monster concept.
File:Huatli's Spurring.jpg|<c>Huatli's Spurring</c>
File:JMP Dinosaurs pack summary card.jpg|Jumpstart Dinosaurs Pack Summary card
File:IxalanDinosaurs.jpg|Some of Ixalan's dinosaur species
File:Huatli.jpeg|<c>Huatli, Dinosaur Knight</c>
File:LCIKeyArt6.jpg|"Dinosaur Temple," The Lost Caverns of Ixalan key art by Bryan Sola.
==Trivia==
*When Ikoria: Lair of Behemoths had a strong tribal theme in vision design, Dinosaurs were the red-centered tribe.Mark Rosewater (April 20, 2020). "Ikoria of the Beholder, Part 1". magicthegathering.com. Wizards of the Coast.
*<c>Pteron Ghost</c> and <c>Raptor Hatchling</c> are the smallest Dinosaurs (1/1).
*<c>Ghalta, Primal Hunger</c> and <c>Ghalta and Mavren</c> are the largest Dinosaurs (12/12).
*<c>Dinosaur Hunter</c> is a human pirate able to destroy dinosaurs.
*<c>Fountain of Ichor</c> can become a 3/3 Dinosaur artifact creature.
==Tokens==
;Test cards
==References==