July

July 1916 was the time of the Battle of the Somme during World War I. (COMIC: )
== By year ==
=== 20th century ===
In 1932, an election was held in Weimar Germany. It failed to deliver a majority, resulting in an ineffective and unpopular coalition which did not last long, leading to another election in November with similar results. (AUDIO: )
In 1937, Imperial Japanese commanders in the puppet state of Manchukuo provoked a fight between Chinese soldiers at Marco Polo Bridge, sparking the Second Sino-Japanese War. (PROSE: )
The Seventh Doctor told Ace that the Blitz was "essentially over" by July 1941, (PROSE: Illegal Alien) although Earth history books pointed to 21 May as the exact last day, (PROSE: ) while the Germans officially shelved operations in December. (PROSE: )
In 1944, the Allies continued fighting in Operation Overlord to liberate France from Nazi rule. A number of French inhabitants, caught up in victory fever, began to seek vengeance on their former oppressors and those seen to have collaborated with them. (AUDIO: ) The Sixth Doctor met with Winston Churchill and Air Marshall Antony Forbes-Bennett and arranged to be dropped behind German lines so he could meet with Heinrich Himmler at Wewelsburg Castle in a bid to retrieve the Scrying Glass. (PROSE: )
In 1945, the Manhattan Project was completed. The first successful nuclear test took place on 16 July. Atomic bombs were deployed by the United States against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the following month. (PROSE: )
In 1953, Elizabeth II was crowned as Queen of the United Kingdom. (TV: )
In 1963, Mayfield Terrace, which had been bombed out during the Blitz, was taken down. (AUDIO: )
Charles Manson's trial began in July 1970. (PROSE: )
In 1979, the Zalphons attempted a slow invasion of Earth from their base in Sydney, Australia. After one of their scout ships collided with Skylab they drew the attention of the Tenth Doctor, who foiled their plans. (PROSE: Bennelong Point)
Friday 6 July was the day written on every sheet of a pub flip calendar in "a village without a future" — in reality a simulated version of English village Devesham on the planet Oseidon. (TV: )
=== Later history ===
Sometime in July 2541, Edwin Carver found a crystal scarab on a dig in Cairo. (PROSE: )
In July of 2996, a mining facility was established by the IMC on a planet in the outer galaxy designated ERM 4997, containing various minerals including trisilicate. (AUDIO: )
According to the Eleventh Doctor, July was the month of his and Clara Oswald's arrival on Trenzalore which was subsequently followed by the Siege of Trenzalore, giving the month in correction of a villager who told him it was Christmas. The villager clarified that Christmas was the name of the town which they had landed in. (TV: )
In July of 6012, the Human-Hath War was fought on the planet Messaline. It lasted seven days, from 17 July to 24 July, and was fought between many cloned generations of humans and Hath. The war ended after one week when the Tenth Doctor arrived and intervened. (TV: )
=== Alternate realities ===
In one of many worlds generated by the First Monk and Autek's Ice Warriors, the Pacific War was still being fought into July of 1963. (COMIC: )
In some versions of Germania, Known Worlds in which Germany won World War II, Hitler was assassinated by some of his own officers who conspired against him in July 1944. Other members of the Council of Hitlers replaced them, and all other versions of the conspirators were rounded in and purged throughout the rest of the Greater German Reich. (PROSE: )
== Behind the scenes ==
=== Information from invalid sources ===
Actor Paul McGann once commented on the odd nature of filming a scene set in Winter in July. (PROSE: )
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