(1896) Bretange Class - LB

-- Overview --
Class of three ships Bretagne, Alexandre, and Fontenoy. Lain down 1896, and completed October 1897. An iterative design on the Temeraires, with only slight improvements in crew/engine compartment layout.
-- Design --
Bretagne Class, Celtica BB laid down 1896
Displacement:
   10,373 t light; 11,075 t standard; 11,997 t normal; 12,735 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (360.00 ft / 360.00 ft) x 72.00 ft x (27.00 / 28.36 ft)
   (109.73 m / 109.73 m) x 21.95 m  x (8.23 / 8.64 m)
Armament:
     4 - 12.99" / 330 mm 35.0 cal guns - 1,100.00lbs / 498.95kg shells, 60 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1887 Model
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
     16 - 7.48" / 190 mm 40.0 cal guns - 200.00lbs / 90.72kg shells, 150 per gun
     Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1892 Model
     16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
       16 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
     16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 20.00lbs / 9.07kg shells, 250 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
     8 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 2.01lbs / 0.91kg shells, 400 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1892 Model
     8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
       8 raised mounts
     Weight of broadside 7,936 lbs / 3,600 kg
     Main Torpedoes
     4 - 17.7" / 450 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.408 t each, 1.631 t total
   submerged side tubes
Armour:
  - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
   Main:    14.0" / 356 mm    216.00 ft / 65.84 m    9.50 ft / 2.90 m
   Ends:    6.00" / 152 mm    144.00 ft / 43.89 m    9.50 ft / 2.90 m
   Upper:    6.00" / 152 mm    216.00 ft / 65.84 m    7.50 ft / 2.29 m
     Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length
  - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
       1.00" / 25 mm    216.00 ft / 65.84 m    25.00 ft / 7.62 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 65.00 ft / 19.81 m
  - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:    14.0" / 356 mm    8.00" / 203 mm        11.6" / 295 mm
   2nd:    6.00" / 152 mm    1.25" / 32 mm        1.25" / 32 mm
   3rd:    1.25" / 32 mm    0.50" / 13 mm              -
  - Protected deck - multiple decks:
   For and Aft decks: 3.05" / 77 mm
   Forecastle: 1.30" / 33 mm  Quarter deck: 1.30" / 33 mm
  - Conning towers: Forward 13.00" / 330 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
   Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines, 
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 10,411 ihp / 7,766 Kw = 17.00 kts
   Range 5,652nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 1,661 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
   573 - 745
Cost:
   £1.050 million / $4.201 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 1,156 tons, 9.6 %
      - Guns: 1,153 tons, 9.6 %
      - Weapons: 3 tons, 0.0 %
   Armour: 4,495 tons, 37.5 %
      - Belts: 2,092 tons, 17.4 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 200 tons, 1.7 %
      - Armament: 1,121 tons, 9.3 %
      - Armour Deck: 936 tons, 7.8 %
      - Conning Tower: 147 tons, 1.2 %
   Machinery: 1,735 tons, 14.5 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,987 tons, 24.9 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,624 tons, 13.5 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     14,357 lbs / 6,512 Kg = 13.1 x 13.0 " / 330 mm shells or 8.0 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.41
   Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
   Roll period: 12.8 seconds
   Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 72 %
           - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.43
Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has low quarterdeck ,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.606
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.00 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 18.97 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
               Fore end,     Aft end
      - Forecastle:    20.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Forward deck:    30.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Aft deck:    30.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Quarter deck:    20.00 %,  7.50 ft / 2.29 m,  7.50 ft / 2.29 m
      - Average freeboard:        13.50 ft / 4.11 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.7 %
       - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 94.5 %
   Waterplane Area: 18,957 Square feet or 1,761 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs/sq ft or 686 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
       - Cross-sectional: 0.89
       - Longitudinal: 2.73
       - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Armament:
33cm/35 model 1887
19cm/40 model 1892
9cm/45 model 1892
4cm/50 model 1892
45cm/4 model 1892
Armor:
Main belt extends 2' below waterline
1.25" protected deck & slopes plus 1.25" battery and 0.5" upper
Main barbette 14" above battery 8" below