Googol

Googol is an official name for a large number, defined as 10100 or 1 followed by 100 zeroes.Edward Kasner, James Roy Newman. Mathematics and the Imagination Originally published by Simon and Shuster, 1940. Dover Edition published in 2001. ISBN 978-1556151040 p.20Conway and Guy. The Book of Numbers. Copernicus. 1995. ISBN 978-0387979939 p.16Googol (from Wolfram Mathworld) It is also called "ten duotrigintillion" using the short scale.How Many Zeros in a Googol? A Googolplex? Retrieved 2023-01-28.Fish Conway's illion converter - 10^100 It is 101 digits long. It is the namesake of googology, and serves as the benchmark on what constitutes a large number.
Coined in the year 1920,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googol#Concept it has become very famous as a generic example of a large number, and is what the field of googology and the search engine Google are named after. Googol is the third-largest number found in most major English dictionaries (after centillion and googolplex).
==History==
The term was coined by Edward Kasner's nine-year-old nephew, Milton Sirotta in 1920. It was perhaps first published in a 1938 article in the journal Scripta Mathematica,Wordorigin.org googol / Google 2020-10-21 and it also appears in Mathematics and the Imagination (1940). The name was most likely influenced by name of the title character of the American comic strip , which was very popular at the time. Barney Google's name was in turn inspired by Vincent Vickers' 1913 children's book .
==Alternative names and expressions==
The googol is equal to ten duotrigintillion in the short scale, or ten sexdecilliard in the long scale. Googol can be expressed as {10,100} in BEAF, or as E100, E100#1, or E2#2 in Hyper-E notation.
 proposed alternative name for this number hectoplex in a book "Mind tools",Rucker, Rudy v. B. Mind tools : the five levels of mathematical reality. Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1987. OCLC 9780395383155 with a definition of -plex suffix.
Sbiis Saibian has given the alternative name guppyding.4.3.2 - Hyper-E Numbers - Large Numbers
Aarex Tiaokhiao coined the names unoohol, 100-noogol, and booiolplex for this number.Part 1 (LAN) - Aarex Googology
Username5243 coined the name goodolplex for this number, and it's equal to 10[1]10[1]2 in Username5243's Array Notation.Part 1 - My Large Numbers
SuperJedi224 coined the name decigol for this number.Bingol Series - Almost Infinite He also calls it cyplex, using André Joyce's naming system.
BlankEntity calls this number Blag.BlankEntity's Googology Site
DeepLineMadom calls the number troogol, and is equal to 10[3]100 in DeepLineMadom's Array NotationDeepLineMadom's googology - Numbers I've coined (Retrieved 4 May 2022). It should not be confused with the much larger Bowers' troogol. The user also calls this number gargogol.ExE ultimate googolism generator - E5 - Greagol regiment Retrieved 2023-11-18.
SeveralLegend9998 calls this number giddol, and it's equal to 10(2)100 in Hyperdimensional Array Notation.SeveralLegend9998's Googology Series (Retrieved 25 October 2022)
==Size==
There are a mere 1080 elementary particles in the , so googol has little use when measuring real-world quantities. However. it is still much less than the number of Planck volumes in the observable universe (which is about 10185), so it still has some real-world meaning. Sbiis Saibian showed that a googol particles in a tightly packed sphere would still have a diameter of 5.6 quadrillion meters, or half a light-year.Plexing & The Googol Series - Large Numbers
A cube with edge length 35mm contains about a googol Planck volumes.
Googol is comparable to some numbers produced by . For example, 70 factorial (the number of ways 70 distinct objects can be arranged in a row) is about 20% larger than 10100.
A googol seconds is 316 novemvigintillion years, about a sesvigintillion (1081) times the estimated age of the universe. A googol angstroms is approximately 100 tresvigintillion light-years.
It takes approximately 317 novemvigintillion years to count to a googol one integer at a time. Counting by googols, half googols, or duotrigintillions, of course, one could count there faster but it is not considered kosher in hide-and-seek or googology.
The time it takes for the black hole TON 618 to fully decay due to hawking radiation is about a googol years.Don N. Page. Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole
The first constructive solution for Tarski's circle-squaring problem involve pieces numbering in small powers of a googol. These pieces are also not Jordan-measurable and require precise mathematical description to describe. Steve Nadis. 
== Approximations in other notations ==
Notation 	Lower bound 	Upper bound
Scientific notation 	\(1\times10^{100}\) 	\(1\times10^{100}\)
Arrow notation 	\(10\uparrow100\) 	\(10\uparrow100\)
Steinhaus-Moser Notation 	\(56[3]\) 	\(57[3]\)
Copy notation 	\(9[100]\) 	\(1[101]\)
Factorial 	69.957574457! 	69.957574458!
Chained arrow notation 	\(10→100\) 	\(10→100\)
BEAF 	\(\{10,100\}\) 	\(\{10,100\}\)
Bashicu matrix system with respect to version 4	\((0)(0)(0)(0)(0)[1333]\) 	\((0)(0)(0)(0)(0)[1334]\)
Bird's array notation 	\(\{10,100\}\) 	\(\{10,100\}\)
Fast-growing hierarchy 	\(f_2(323)\) 	\(f_2(324)\)
Hardy hierarchy 	\(H_{\omega^2}(323)\) 	\(H_{\omega^2}(324)\)
Slow-growing hierarchy 	\(g_{\omega^{\omega^2}}(10)\)	\(g_{\omega^{\omega^2}}(10)\)
==Cultural impact==
The definition of googol, googolplex, and similar numbers eventually branched into the field of googology, the study of, nomenclature of, and creation of notations for large numbers.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of the Google search engine, named their company after a pun on googol, as their goal is to cache the mass of data that makes up the World Wide Web.Google, Corporate Information archived at 2011-04-20 This makes the widespread sounding of the name googol, which makes people familiar with large numbers above trillion, including quadrillion, quintillion, and so forth.
Googology Wiki has a tongue-in-cheek goal to reach 10100 articles, which is probably impossible.
Googol was the subject of the £1 million question in a 2001 episode of the British version of the quiz show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, where contestant Charles Ingram cheated his way to the jackpot with the assistance of an aide in the audience.
==See also==
*Gooprol
*Googolteen
*Googolty
*Googolplex
*Googo-
*Googolbang
==Sources==
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Category:Numbers
Category:Numbers named by Milton Sirotta
Category:Numbers named by kids
Category:Class 2
Category:Googol series
Category:Numbers with 101 to 999 digits
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Category:Numbers with peer-reviewed source
Category:Googol extensions