1966

Events from the year 1966 in the United States.
==Incumbents==
===Federal Government===
* President: Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX)
* Vice President: Hubert Humphrey (D-MN)
* Chief Justice: Earl Warren (CA)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: John William McCormack (D-MA)
* Senate Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield (D-MT)
* Congress: 89th
==Events==
===January===
* January 2 – 1966 New York City transit strike: A wildcat strike by public transportation workers in New York City, led by Mike Quill, begins, designed to coincide with the beginning of Republican John V. Lindsay's mayoralty. (The strike ends on January 13.)
* January 3
** Sammy Younge Jr. is shot in Tuskegee, Alabama, the first African American university student to be murdered due to his actions in support of the civil rights movement.
** The first of the Acid Tests is conducted at The Fillmore in San Francisco.
* January 10 – The home of civil rights activist Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, is firebombed. Dahmer's family escapes but he dies the next day from severe burns. (White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard Samuel Bowers will be unsuccessfully tried for this murder on four occasions before being convicted in 1998.)
* January 11 – The first SR-71 Blackbird reconnaissance aircraft goes into service at Beale AFB.
* January 12
** United States President Lyndon Johnson states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam until Communist aggression there is ended.
** Batman premieres on ABC television.
* January 13 – Robert C. Weaver becomes the first African American Cabinet member by being appointed United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
* January 16 – The Chicago Bulls are granted to the National Basketball Association.
* January 17 – 1966 Palomares B-52 crash: A USAF B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 Stratotanker over Spain, dropping three 70-kiloton hydrogen bombs near the town of Palomares, and one into the sea. Carl Brashear, the first African American United States Navy diver, is involved in an accident during the recovery of the latter which results in the amputation of his leg.
* January 18 – About 8,000 U.S. soldiers land in South Vietnam; U.S. troops now total 190,000.
* January 27 – The British government promises the U.S. that British troops in Malaysia will stay until more peaceful conditions occur in the region.
* January 29 – The first of 608 performances of Sweet Charity opens at the Palace Theatre in New York City.
===February===
* February 8 – The National Hockey League awards Pittsburgh a second franchise, the Pittsburgh Penguins.
* February 9 – The National Hockey League awards the Twin Cities area a franchise, the Minnesota North Stars.
* February 28 – U.S. astronauts Charles Bassett and Elliot See are killed in a plane crash in St. Louis, Missouri.
===March===
* March 4 – The Beatles: In an interview published in the London Evening Standard, John Lennon comments, "We're more popular than Jesus now," sparking a controversy in the United States.
* March 7 – French president Charles De Gaulle asks U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson for negotiations about the state of NATO equipment in France.
* March 8 – Vietnam War: U.S. announces it will substantially increase its number of troops in Vietnam.
* March 12 – Bobby Hull of the Chicago Blackhawks sets the National Hockey League single season scoring record against the New York Rangers, with his 51st goal.
* March 16
** Gemini 8 (David Scott, Neil Armstrong) docks with an Agena target vehicle.
** The last Studebaker production facility is closed.
* March 19 – The Texas Western Miners defeat the Kentucky Wildcats with five African American starters, ushering in desegregation in athletic recruiting.
* March 21 – In a landmark obscenity case, Memoirs v. Massachusetts, the Supreme Court rules that the hitherto banned 18th-century English novel Fanny Hill does not meet the Roth Standard for obscenity.
* March 22 – In Washington, D.C., General Motors President James M. Roche appears before a Senate subcommittee, and apologizes to consumer advocate Ralph Nader for the company's intimidation and harassment campaign against him.
* March 24 – Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, decided in the Supreme Court, rules that requiring payment of a poll tax as eligibility to vote in state elections is unconstitutional.
* March 26 – Demonstrations are held across the U.S. against the Vietnam War.
* March 28 – The Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, visits Washington, D.C.
* March 29 – The 23rd Communist Party Conference is held in the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev demands that American troops leave Vietnam, and announces that Chinese-Soviet relations are unsatisfactory.
===April===
* April 1 – Animated sitcom The Flintstones airs its series finale on the ABC network.
* April 8 – Time magazine cover story asks "Is God Dead?"
* April 13
** Times cover story is "London: The Swinging City".
** President Lyndon Johnson signs the 1966 Uniform Time Act, dealing with daylight saving time.
* April 18 – The 38th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Bob Hope, is held at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium. Robert Wise's The Sound of Music jointly wins and receives the most awards and nominations with David Lean's Doctor Zhivago, respectively winning five and receiving ten each. The former's wins include Best Picture and Wise's second Best Director award.
* April 19 – Bobbi Gibb becomes the first woman to run the Boston Marathon.
* April 21 – An artificial heart is installed in the chest of Marcel DeRudder in a Houston, Texas hospital.
* April 29 – U.S. troops in Vietnam total 250,000.
* April 30 – The Church of Satan is formed by Anton Szandor LaVey in San Francisco.
===May===
* May 5 – The Montreal Canadiens defeat the Detroit Red Wings to win the Stanley Cup in ice hockey.
* May 12
** Busch Memorial Stadium opens in St Louis, Missouri.
** Radio Peking claims that U.S. planes have shot down a Chinese plane over Yunnan (the U.S. denies the story the next day).
* May 15 – Tens of thousands of anti-war demonstrators again picket the White House, then rally at the Washington Monument.
* May 16
** In New York City, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. makes his first public speech on the Vietnam War.
** The album Pet Sounds by The Beach Boys is released.
* May 19 – Murder of Sylvia Likens: Gertrude Baniszewski is found guilty of torturing and murdering 16-year-old Sylvia Likens in Indiana and is sentenced to life in prison (she is released on parole in December 1985).
* May 25 – In St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Vice-President Hubert Humphrey and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall dedicate the Gateway Arch.
* May 28
** Fidel Castro declares martial law in Cuba because of a possible U.S. attack.
** Boat ride "It's a Small World" opens at Disneyland.
===June===
* June 1
** The final new episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show airs (the first episode was on October 3, 1961).
** White House Conference on Civil Rights opens.
* June 2 – Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft-land on another planet.
* June 5 – Gemini 9: Gene Cernan completes the second U.S. spacewalk (2 hours, 7 minutes).
* June 6 – Civil rights activist James Meredith is shot while trying to march across Mississippi; he survives.
* June 8
** An XB-70 Valkyrie prototype is destroyed in a mid-air collision with an F-104 Starfighter chase plane during a photo shoot. NASA pilot Joseph A. Walker and USAF test pilot Carl Cross are both killed.
** 1966 Topeka tornado: Topeka, Kansas is devastated by a tornado that registers as an F5 on the Fujita Scale, the first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.
* June 13 – Miranda v. Arizona: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.
* June 18 – CIA chief William Raborn resigns; Richard Helms becomes his successor.
* June 20 – Bob Dylan's seminal album Blonde on Blonde is released.
* June 29 – Vietnam War: U.S. planes begin bombing Hanoi and Haiphong.
* June 30 – The National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded in Washington, D.C.
===July===
* July 1 – The Chicago Surrealist Group is founded by Franklin and Penelope Rosemont with others.
* July 4
** President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act, which goes into effect the following year.
** The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) endorses the goal of Black Power at a well attended convention in Baltimore, Maryland. Martin Luther King Jr., and Roy Wilkins criticize this declaration.
* July 13 – The International Society for Krishna Consciousness is founded in New York City by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.
* July 14 – Richard Speck murders eight student nurses in their Chicago dormitory. He is arrested on July 17.
* July 18
** Gemini 10 (John Young, Michael Collins) is launched. After docking with an Agena target vehicle, the astronauts then set a world altitude record of 474 miles (763 km).
** The Hough Riots break out in Cleveland, Ohio, the city's first race riot.
* July 28 – The U.S. announces that a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance plane has disappeared over Cuba.
* July 29 – Bob Dylan is injured in a motorcycle accident near his home in Woodstock, New York. He is not seen in public for over a year.
===August===
* August 1 – Sniper Charles Whitman kills 13 people and wounds 31 from atop the University of Texas at Austin Main Building tower, after earlier killing his wife and mother.
* August 5
** Groundbreaking takes place for the World Trade Center in New York City.
** Martin Luther King Jr. leads a civil rights march in Chicago, during which he is struck by a rock thrown from an angry white mob.
** Caesars Palace hotel and casino opens on the Las Vegas Strip.
* August 6 – Braniff Airlines Flight 250 crashes in Falls City, Nebraska, killing all 42 on board.
* August 7 – Race riots occur in Lansing, Michigan.
* August 10 – Lunar Orbiter 1, the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit another world, is launched.
* August 11 – The Beatles hold a press conference in Chicago, during which John Lennon apologizes for his "more popular than Jesus" remark, saying, "I didn't mean it as a lousy anti-religious thing."
* August 15 – It is announced that the New York Herald Tribune will not resume publication.
* August 16 – Vietnam War: The House Un-American Activities Committee starts investigating Americans who have aided the Viet Cong, with the intent to make these activities illegal. Anti-war demonstrators disrupt the meeting and 50 are arrested.
* August 22
** The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), predecessor of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), is formed.
** The first Best Buy opens in St. Paul, Minnesota.
* August 24 – Rock band The Doors record their self-titled debut LP.
* August 29 – The Beatles play their very last concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, California. Meanwhile, on NBC, Hullabaloo airs its last episode, a rerun with guest star Elvis Presley, which previously aired in April of that year.
===September===
* September 1 – While waiting at a bus stop Ralph Baer, an inventor with Sanders Associates, writes a four-page document that lays out the basic principles for creating a video game to be played on a television: the beginning of a multibillion-dollar industry.
* September 7 – The ocean liner SS Hanseatic catches fire and burns in New York Harbor.
* September 8
** State visit to the U.S. by the dictator General Ne Win, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma. He is honored by a 21-gun salute and given the key to the city of Washington D.C., "a long-standing American tradition of welcome". He holds talks with President Lyndon Johnson and with the highest ranking U.S. officials at the State Department who reaffirm support for Burmese neutrality. Further talks are held with George Ball, acting Secretary of State, and with Averell Harriman, U.S. Ambassador at Large. Talks included an exchange of views on world issues and Burmese-American relations, and were officially described as "cordial", and the U.S. President and the General expressed mutual regard, according to a communiqué composed before the visit. The General also visits Williamsburg in Virginia, the United Nations in New York City (where he is greeted by the Burmese Secretary General U Thant) and Hawaii.
** The classic science fiction series Star Trek premieres on NBC with its first episode, titled "The Man Trap".
* September 12 – The Monkees television series premieres on NBC.
* September 16 – The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City to the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera, Antony and Cleopatra.
* September 18
** Valerie Percy, the 21-year-old daughter of Illinois Republican senatorial candidate Charles H. Percy, is stabbed and bludgeoned to death in the family mansion on Chicago's North Shore. The crime remains unsolved.
** Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum opens to the public in California.
* September 19 – Timothy Leary forms the spiritual group League for Spiritual Discovery (LSD).
* September 29 – Chevrolet Camaro car is introduced.
===October===
* October 1 – West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with 18 fatal injuries and no survivors 5.5 miles (8.9 km) south of Wemme, Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.
* October 2 – Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton found the Black Panther Party.
* October 5 – An experimental breeder reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station in Michigan suffers a partial meltdown when its cooling system fails.
* October 6
** LSD is made illegal in the United States and controlled so strictly that not only are possession and recreational use criminalized, but all legal scientific research programs on the drug in the country are shut down as well.
** The Love Pageant Rally takes place in the Panhandle of Golden Gate Park (a narrow section that projects into San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district).
* October 9 – The Baltimore Orioles defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in Game 4 of the World Series in baseball, 1–0, to sweep the series for their first World Championship; Frank Robinson wins the Triple Crown.
* October 15
** U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill creating the United States Department of Transportation.
** The U.S. Congress passes a bill for the creation of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore.
** ABC broadcasts a highly acclaimed 90-minute television adaptation of the musical Brigadoon, starring Robert Goulet, Peter Falk, and Sally Ann Howes. It wins many Emmy Awards and inaugurates a short-lived series of special television adaptations of famous Broadway musicals on ABC. Goulet stars in all but one of these specials.
* October 16 – Grace Slick performs live for the first time with Jefferson Airplane.
* October 21 – The AFL-NFL merger in football is approved by the U.S. Congress.
* October 26 – A fire aboard the aircraft carrier USS Oriskany in the Gulf of Tonkin kills 44 crewmen.
* October 27
** It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown! premieres on the CBS network.
** Walt Disney records his final filmed appearance prior to his death, detailing his plans for EPCOT, a utopian planned city to be built in Florida.
===November===
* November 1 – The National Football League awards its 16th franchise to the city of New Orleans. The team will be named the New Orleans Saints.
* November 2 – The Cuban Adjustment Act comes into force, allowing 123,000 Cubans the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.
* November 5 – The Indiana Dunes National Park is established.
* November 6 – Lunar Orbiter 2 is launched.
* November 8
** Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate since Reconstruction.
** Screen actor Ronald Reagan, a Republican, is elected Governor of California.
* November 14 – Jack L. Warner sells Warner Bros. to Seven Arts Productions, which eventually becomes Warner Bros.-Seven Arts.
* November 15
** Gemini 12 (James A. Lovell, Buzz Aldrin) splashes down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.
** A Boeing 727 freighter on Pan Am Flight 708 crashes near Berlin, Germany, killing all three crew on board.
** Two young couples in Point Pleasant, West Virginia reportedly see a strange moth-like creature better known as the Mothman.
* November 16 – Neurosurgeon Sam Sheppard is acquitted in his second trial for the murder of his pregnant wife in 1954.
* November 17 – A spectacular Leonid meteor shower passes over Arizona, at the rate of 2,300 a minute for 20 minutes.
* November 27 – The Washington Redskins defeat the New York Giants 72–41 in the highest scoring game in National Football League history.
* November 28 – Truman Capote's Black and White Ball ('The Party of the Century') is held in New York City.
===December===
* December 5 – The Supreme Court rules in Bond v. Floyd that the Georgia House of Representatives must seat Julian Bond, having violated his First and Fourteenth Amendment rights.
* December 15 – Walt Disney dies while producing The Jungle Book, the last animated feature under his personal supervision.
* December 18 – How the Grinch Stole Christmas, narrated by Boris Karloff, is shown for the first time on CBS, becoming an annual Christmas tradition.
* December 24 – New York television station WPIX broadcasts The Yule Log for the first time; it becomes a Christmas tradition.
* December 26 – The first Kwanzaa is celebrated by Maulana Karenga, founder of Organization US (a black nationalist group) and later chair of Black Studies, at California State University, Long Beach from 1989 to 2002.
==Memoriam==
* January 3
** Marguerite Higgins, journalist (aged 45; Washington, DC, USA)
** Rex Lease, film actor (aged 62; Van Nuys, CA, USA)
** Sammy Younge Jr., civil rights activist and murder victim (aged 21; Tuskegee, AL, USA)
* January 14 – Bill Carr, Olympic sprinter (aged 56; Tokyo, Japan)
* January 16 – Courtney Hodges, army general (aged 79; San Antonio, TX, USA)
* January 17 – Vincent J. Donehue, stage director (aged 50; New York City, NY, USA)
* January 18 – Kathleen Norris, fiction writer (aged 85; San Francisco, CA, USA)
* January 31 – Elizabeth Patterson, actress (aged 91; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* February 1 – Buster Keaton, silent film comic actor and director (aged 70; Woodland Hills, CA, USA)
* February 9 – Sophie Tucker, singer (aged 80; Manhattan, NY, USA)
* February 10 – Billy Rose, composer and bandleader (aged 66; Montego Bay, Jamaica)
* February 12 – Frank Merrill, silent film actor and gymnast (aged 72; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* February 18 – Robert Rossen, film director (aged 57; New York City, NY, USA)
* February 20 – Chester W. Nimitz, admiral (aged 80; San Francisco, CA, USA)
* March 1 – William R. Munroe, admiral (aged 79; La Jolla, CA, USA)
* March 3
** Joseph Fields, playwright (aged 71; Beverly Hills, CA, USA)
** William Frawley, actor (I Love Lucy) (aged 79; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
** Maxfield Parrish, painter and illustrator (aged 95; Plainfield, NH, USA)
** Alice Pearce, screen actress (aged 48; Hollywood, CA, USA)
* March 7 – Donald B. Beary, admiral (aged 77; San Diego, CA, USA)
* March 20 – Johnny Morrison, baseball player (aged 70; Louisville, KY, USA)
* March 27 – Helen Menken, stage actress (aged 64; New York City, NY, USA)
* April 6 – Julia Faye, film actress (aged 73; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* April 11 – William H. Pitsenbarger, U.S. Air Force Medal of Honor recipient (aged 21; Dong Nai, (South) Vietnam)
* April 24 – Louis A. Johnson, politician and attorney (aged 75; Washington, DC, USA)
* April 29 – Eugene O'Brien, stage and silent film actor (aged 85; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* May 22 – Dan Moody, 30th Governor of Texas (aged 72; Austin, TX, USA)
* May 26 – Don Castle, film actor (aged 48; Hollywood, CA, USA)
* June 1 – Papa Jack Laine, jazz drummer and bandleader (aged 92; Metairie, LA, USA)
* June 6 – Ethel Clayton, silent film actress (aged 83; Oxnard, CA, USA)
* June 11 – Wallace Ford, actor (aged 68; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* June 19 – Ed Wynn, actor and comedian (aged 79; Beverly Hills, CA, USA)
* June 20 – Paul Kuhn, German-born operatic tenor (aged 91; New York City, NY, USA)
* July 3 – Deems Taylor, composer (aged 80; New York City, NY, USA)
* July 7 – Carmelita Geraghty, silent film actress and painter (aged 65; New York City, NY, USA)
* July 11 – Delmore Schwartz, poet (aged 52; New York City, NY, USA)
* July 18 – Bobby Fuller, rock and roll musician (aged 23; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* July 23
** Montgomery Clift, film actor (aged 45; New York City, NY, USA)
** Douglass Montgomery, film actor (aged 56; Norwalk, CT, USA)
* July 25 – Frank O'Hara, poet (aged 40; Mastic Beach, NY, USA)
* August 3 – Lenny Bruce, comedian (aged 40; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* August 6 – Cordwainer Smith, science fiction author (aged 53; Baltimore, MD, USA)
* August 15 – Seena Owen, silent film actress and screenwriter (aged 71; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* August 23 – Francis X. Bushman, film actor (aged 83; Pacific Palisades, CA, USA)
* August 26 – Art Baker, radio and screen actor (aged 68; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* September 6 – Margaret Sanger, birth control advocate (aged 86; Tucson, AZ, USA)
* September 8 – Walter Friedländer, art historian (aged 93; New York City, NY, USA)
* September 14 – Gertrude Berg, radio and screen actress and writer (aged 66; New York City, NY, USA)
* September 26 – Helen Kane, "boop-a-doop" singer (aged 62; New York City, NY, USA)
* September 28 – Eric Fleming, television Western actor (aged 41; Tingo María, Peru)
* September 30 – Thomas H. Werdel, politician and lawyer (aged 61; Bakersfield, CA, USA)
* October 1 – Mary Logan Reddick, African American neuroembryologist (aged 51; Atlanta, GA, USA)
* October 13 – Clifton Webb, actor, dancer and singer (aged 76; Beverly Hills, CA, USA)
* October 16 – George O'Hara, silent film actor and screenwriter (aged 67; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* October 18
** Elizabeth Arden, cosmetics entrepreneur (aged 84; New York City, NY, USA)
** S. S. Kresge, retailer (aged 99; East Stroudsburg, PA, USA)
* October 20 – Harry F. Byrd, newspaper publisher and politician (aged 79; Berryville, VA, USA)
* October 23 – Claire McDowell, silent film actress (aged 88; Hollywood, CA, USA)
* November 2 – Mississippi John Hurt, African American singer and guitarist (aged 73; Grenada, MS, USA)
* November 8 – Henry B. Krajewski, politician (aged 54; Jersey City, NJ, USA)
* November 10 – Evelyn Sears, tennis player (aged 91; Waltham, MA, USA)
* November 28 – Boris Podolsky, physicist (aged 70; Cincinnati, OH, USA)
* December 6 – Peter H. Odegard, political scientist and academic administrator (aged 65; Berkeley, CA, USA)
* December 14
** Verna Felton, voice actress (aged 76; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
** Richard Whorf, actor (aged 60; Santa Monica, CA, USA)
* December 15 – Walt Disney, business magnate, animator, producer, director, screenwriter and voice actor (aged 65; Burbank, CA, USA)
* December 22
** Harry Beaumont, film director (aged 78; Santa Monica, CA, USA)
** Lucy Burns, women's rights campaigner (aged 87; Brooklyn, NY, USA)
** Robert Keith, actor (aged 68; Los Angeles, CA, USA)
* December 23 – David J. Stewart, actor (aged 51; Cleveland, OH, USA)
* December 30 – Christian Herter, Secretary of State (aged 71; Washington, DC, USA)
==External links==
* 1966 in the United States
Category:United States History: Volume 19