Telpizhi Languages

The Telpizhi Languages are a group of 5 closely related languages spoken on the continent of Rozakk'ora, by the Telpizhi natives. The ancestral language of all of the Telpizhi languages is known as Proto-Telpizhi or simply Telpizhi.
== History ==
=== Origin ===
It is more commonly known as the Telpizhi language, but the Telpizhi themselves call it differently. The reason being that the word Telpizhi is a Sentaran word, from Tel meaning “man” and Pizh meaning “mushroom”. Another detail is that in-fact there is no such thing as one Telpizhi language. Yet, for simplicity, most people still on a daily basis refer to the five different languages as the Telpizhi language. Furthermore, just like there are five different Telpizhi languages, there are five Telpizhi Tribes. Some would argue that they are dialects, or that the so-called languages are merely accents. The Telpizhi all originate from the Taiga. The way they refer to the Taiga is by the name of their language/tribe. So for example the Eastern Tribe refer to themselves as “Vika”, as well as for their language. They also call the Taiga “Vika”. Now of course there is a proper word for Taiga, but when referring to the specific Taiga from which they originate, they call it by their language/tribe. Here is the phonetically reconstructed word that they all share and shared before they split: *gwy:g.gɛrx and by the way, it is composed of two words *gwy:g meaning “wet” and *ɛrx meaning “snow”. So the place that they refer to as home, including how they identify themselves and call their language means “wet snow”.
== Grammar ==
=== Phonetics ===
The phonetics in the Proto-Telpizhi (or in its native reconstructed name *gwy:g.gɛrx) language is very straightforward.
 	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal 	m 	 	 	n 	 	 	 	
Plosive 	p b 	 	 	t d 	 	 	k g	
Sibilant fricative 	 	 	 	s z 	ʃ ʒ 	 	 	
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ β 	f v 	θ ð 	 	 	ç 	x ɣ	h
Approximant 	 	ʋ 	 	 	 	j 	 	
Tap/flap 	 	 	 	ɾ 	 	 	 	
Trill 	 	 	 	r 	 	 	 	
Lateral fricative 	 	 	 	ɬ 	 	 	 	
Lateral approximant 	 	 	 	l 	 	 	 	
=== Syntax ===
The word order in the Proto-Telpizhi language is Verb-Object-Subject.
For example: *ot.os.θy.sis. or. sy:ç. du:l.xa.ne. nað. y:.xʋalθ. - The miner slept on my floor. (literally: slept on floor my the miner.)
=== Pronouns ===
There are eight pronouns in the Proto-Telpizhi language. There is no distinction between grammatical or societal gender, all pronouns are thus by default masculine. Inclusive “We” is used when addressing yourself & the person to whom you are talking too (and more persons). Exclusive “We” is used when addressing yourself & other individuals, not involving the person that you are talking to. Dual “You” is used when addressing specifically two persons or a couple/a pair. Plural “You” is used when addressing an uncountable number of persons, or when there are more than two, or when the exact number of individuals is unknown. To address one individual formally you must add the word *ga.loʋ after the pronoun *ɛni: e.g. *ɛ.ni:.ga.loʋ
Pronouns
I 	*xan
You (Singular)	*ʋun
He/She/It 	*ɣa.lo
We (Inclusive)	*ɛ.ni:
We (Exclusive)	*o.ʋo
You (Dual) 	*θa.gan
You (Plural) 	*meɸ
They 	*ok.ka
=== Grammatical Gender ===
There are 3 grammatical genders in Proto-Telpizhi, masculine, feminine and neuter.
Most masculine nouns end in:
* -o
* -x (if first vowel is ɛ, a, o)
* -g
* -n
* -r
* -ɛ
* -a
* -o
* -d
* -h
Most feminine nouns end in:
* -ç
* -oʋ
* -x (if first vowel is e, i, y, u)
* -s
* -m
* -e
* -i
* y
* -u
* -ð
Most neuter nouns end in:
* -θ
* -t
* -l
* -v
* -β
* -z
* -f
* -k
* -ɣ
If the noun is a profession, the grammatical gender may depend on the initial vowel. For example: *y:.xʋalθ is a male miner, or who's gender is unknown, while *en.xʋalθ is a female miner.
* y:- for male professions (or unknown gender or when both male and female individuals are involved)
* en- for female professions
To show a person's nationality you can add *-ʋɛn to the noun if male, or *-ʋɛ.neç. For example: Sentaran (male/neuter) - *gyl.da:x.ʋɛn / Sentaran (female) - *gyl.da:x.ʋɛ.neç.
=== Possessives ===
Possession through pronouns is expressed by adding *du:l as a prefix e.g.
Possessives
My/Mine 	*du:l.xan
Yours (Singular)	*du:l.ʋun
His/Hers/Its 	*du:l.ɣa.lo
Ours (Inclusive)	*du:l.ɛ.ni:
Ours (Exclusive)	*du:l.o.ʋo
Yours (Dual) 	*du:l.θa.gan
Yours (Plural) 	*du:l.meɸ
Theirs 	*du:l.ok.ka
The ending of possessive nouns may change depending what they are possessing. For example in the previous example sentence, *du:l.xan "my" was written as *du:l.xa.ne because the word for floor *sy:ç is feminine.
* If the possessee in a masculine noun, then the possessor does not add any special endings. e.g. My home - dɛg du:l.xan
* If the possessee is a feminine noun, then the possessor adds the ending *-e. e.g. My heart - ga.loʋ du:l.xa.ne
* If the possessee is a neuter noun, then the possessor adds the ending *-un. e.g. My cat - ka:.sat du:l.xa.nun
=== Conjugation ===
Verbs are composed of a stem and an infinite ending. Whenever a verb is conjugated, it always drops its ending. There are 6 tenses in the Proto-Telpizhi language, being the Distant Past, Past, Present, Future and Distant Future. Note that there are no progressive/continuous tenses in Proto-Telpizhi contrary to English.
* Present tense is used to show an action that is happening at the time being.
* Past tense is used when referring to anything that had happened in the recent past.
* Distant Past tense is used when referring to anything that had happened in the distant past.
* Future is used when referring to anything that will happen in the recent future.
* Distant Future tense is used when referring to anything that will happen in the distant future.
* The Optative is used whenever giving orders to someone or a group of people. Drop the ending and replace it with *-yð.
Verbs ending in *-gap
 	Distant Past	Past 	Present 	Future 	Distant Future
I 	*ara -gamp 	*at -gas 	*a -ga 	*am -gaç 	*ab -gar
You 	*ere -gymp 	*et -gys 	*e -gy 	*em -gyç 	*eb -gyr
He/She/It	*oro -femp 	*ot -fes 	*o -fe 	*om -feç 	*ob -fer
We 	*βyr -ni.or 	*not -gy.mes	*nor -gy.me	*βym -gy.meç	*βyb -gy.mer
You 	*ny -femp 	*nyt -fe.mes	*gid -fe.me	*nym -fe.meç	*ɸe -fe.mer
They 	*ʋu -samp 	*jit -sas 	*ji -sa 	*ʋum -saç 	*ɛb -sar
Verbs ending in *-eld
 	Distant Past	Past 	Present 	Future 	Distant Future
I 	*ara -emp 	*at -es 	*a -e 	*am -eç 	*ab -er
You 	*ere -emp 	*et -es 	*e -ez 	*em -ex 	*eb -ez.er
He/She/It	*oro -emp 	*ot -es 	*o -ej 	*om -eç 	*ob -e.ri
We 	*βyr -emp 	*not -e.nes	*nor -en	*βym -e.neç	*βyb -e.ner
You 	*ny -emp 	*nyt -e.nes	*gid -en	*nym -e.neç	*ɸe -e.ner
They 	*ʋu -emp 	*jit -e.nes	*ji -es 	*ʋum -es 	*ɛb -eser
Verbs ending in *-θy
 	Distant Past	Past 	Present 	Future 	Distant Future
I 	*ara -im.bu 	*at -θy.us 	*a -θy.u 	*am -θy.uç 	*ab -θy.ur
You 	*ere -im.be 	*et -θy.res 	*e -θy.re 	*em -θy.reç 	*eb -θy.rer
He/She/It	*oro -im.bi 	*ot -θy.sis 	*o -θy.si 	*om -θy.siç 	*ob -θy.sir
We 	*βyr -im.be 	*not -θy.mes	*nor -θy.me	*βym -θy.meç	*βyb -θy.mer
You 	*ny -im.be 	*nyt -ɸy.mes	*gid -ɸy.me	*nym -ɸy.meç	*ɸe -ɸy.mer
They 	*ʋu -im.by 	*jit -sys 	*ji -sy 	*ʋum -syç 	*ɛb -syr
Examples:
* I eat an apple - *a.saɸ.ga.ro:.ɸo.ek.xan
** (to) eat - *saɸ.gap
** apple - *ro:.ɸo
* You (Singular) slept - *et.os.θy.res. ʋun
** (to) sleep - *os.θy
=== Negation ===
Negation is made by adding *men _ -ig around a verb. For example: I eat an apple - *a.saɸ.ga. ro:.ɸo.ek. xan / I do not eat an apple - *men a.saɸ.ga.ig. ro:.ɸo.ek. xan
=== Articles ===
There are various Articles and Prepositional Articles(more detail in Prepositions) that depend on the nature of the noun or pronoun.
Definite articles:
* masculine singular *nað / masculine dual *θu:r / masculine plural *ast
* feminine singular *mið / feminine dual *mi:r / feminine plural *ʃi:ʃ
* neuter singular *sað / neuter dual *sa:r / neuter plural *ʃi:ʃ
Indefinite articles:
* masculine singular *-ek / masculine dual *-er / masculine plural *-es
* feminine singular *-al / feminine dual *-ar / feminine plural *-as
* neuter singular *-i / neuter dual *-ir / neuter plural *-is
Examples:
* The apple - *nað.ro:.ɸo
* The two apples - *θu:r.ro:.ɸo
* The apples - *ast.ro:.ɸo
* An apple - *ro:.ɸo.ek
* Two apples - *ro:.ɸo.er
* Many apples - *ro:.ɸo.es
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives have to follow a specific order when being used.
=== Plurals ===
Plurals
=== Prepositions ===
Prepositions and Prepositional Articles are used to show how words interact with one another, and they also impact the way one word is pronounced.
Singular
 	*nað 	*mið 	*sað
(at) *kis 	*kað 	*kið 	*kað
(in) *βu: 	*βa:ð	*βi:ð	*βa:ð
(of) *du:l 	*da:l	*di:l	*da:l
(from) *rɛz	*naz 	*niz 	*saz
(on) *or 	*oð 	*uð 	*oð
Dual
 	*θu:r	*mi:r	*sa:r
(at) *kis 	*ku:r	*ki:r	*ka:r
(in) *βu: 	*βu:r	*βi:r	*βa:r
(of) *du:l 	*du:r	*di:r	*da:r
(from) *rɛz	*nu:z	*ni:z	*sa:z
(on) *or 	*u:r 	*i:r 	*a:r
Plural
 	*ast 	*ʃi:ʃ 	*ʃi:ʃ
(at) *kis 	*kast 	*ki:ʃ 	*ki:ʃ
(in) *βu: 	*βast 	*βi:i:ʃ	*βi:ʃ
(of) *du:l 	*dast 	*dæ:ʃ 	*dæ:ʃ
(from) *rɛz	*raz 	*tʃar 	*tʃar
(on) *or 	*as.sar	*ʃi:r 	*ʃi:r
== Evolution ==
=== North & South Divide ===
Proto-Telpizhi diverged into two varieties, North and South.
Category:Lore
Category:Languages
Category:Sentara