Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a Royal Borough and unitary authority in Berkshire, South East England. While it is named after both the towns of Maidenhead and Windsor, the borough also covers the nearby towns of Ascot and Eton. It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland Windsor and Ascot Racecourse. It is one of four boroughs entitled to be prefixed Royal and is one of six unitary authorities in the county, which has historic and ceremonial status.
==Incorporation and enhancement to unitary authority==
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as one of six standard districts or boroughs within Berkshire, under the Local Government Act 1972, from minor parts of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire which remained for more than two decades Administrative Counties, and such that Berkshire assumed the high-level local government functions for the resultant area. The change merged the boroughs of Maidenhead and Windsor (formally the Royal Borough of New Windsor), the rural districts of Cookham and Windsor, and in Buckinghamshire, north of the River Thames (on the left bank): Eton urban district and the parishes of Datchet, Horton and Wraysbury in its rural district.The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972. SO 1972/2039. The area immediately inherited by law royal borough status from the town of Windsor which contains Windsor Castle.
The local authority is its Council. Its area became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998 with virtually full local government powers as Berkshire County Council was abolished. A minority of the area in terms of population has a lower level of local government, the civil parish.
== River Thames ==
The borough straddles the River Thames. Approximately half of its flow through the borough has a bypass and seasonally-variable flood relief channel, the Jubilee River. Further flood relief channels are planned for the reaches below the Borough to benefit many other settlements including Datchet and Wraysbury in the borough which were the settlements most widely affected by the UK storms of January-February 2014.Lower Thames Strategy Study: Strategic Environmental Assessment environmental report, Environment Agency, 2009. Accessed 31-12-2017
== Towns and villages ==
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead contains the following towns and villages:
==Politics==
===Westminster===
The Royal Borough is represented at Westminster by two members of parliament of the Conservative Party: Adam Afriyie (for Windsor) and Theresa May (for Maidenhead). Maidenhead has been held by the Conservative Party since its creation in 1997. Windsor has been held by the same party since 1874 with varying representation from its 1484 creation including more than 350 initial years with two MPs. Small parts of other districts, notably Slough and Wokingham have intermittently been included in each constituency to prevent malapportionment which is a definition of boundaries which causes any MP to serve a significantly different number of potential voters (electors) than the others.Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995 (SI 1995/1626)The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) (Miscellaneous Changes) Order 1998 (SI 1998/3152).
The irregular, elongated shape of the Windsor seat being the south-east half of the Borough has been criticised by academics who noted the net changes which the Heath administration led through Parliament in 1972, implemented in 1974, intensified difference. They frequently grouped right-leaning suburban areas within urban historic centres and more modern, urban left-leaning areas such as the bulk of Slough. This ostensibly amounted to nationwide gerrymandering or homogenisation to install a greater number safe seats at the expense of marginal seats however also reflected the majority of social associations of people in each area.Polity (magazine): 6:298 (147 and 183) "The Case of the Vanishing Marginals", D. R. Mayhew (1974)
===Local government===
Elections for councillors to the Royal Borough take place every four years; the last took place in 2023. The local authority is controlled a cabinet. The Royal Borough is currently under a Liberal Democrat administration, with Cllr Simon Werner the leader of the council.
The borough's Mayor is Cllr Neil Knowles, and Mayor's Consort Theresa Knowles.
41 councillors represent the electorate of 19 wards. The political control of the Royal Borough is as follows:UK Politics | Local Elections 2000 | Windsor & Maidenhead Royal. BBC News. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.Election 2007 | Local Council Elections | Windsor & Maidenhead Royal council. BBC News (4 May 2007). Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
Party in control	Party in control 	Years
 	Conservative 	1973–1991
 	No overall control	1991–1995
 	Liberal Democrats 	1995–1997
 	No overall control	1997–2003
 	Liberal Democrats 	2003–2007
 	Conservative 	2007–2023
 	Liberal Democrats 	2023–present
===Parish and town councils===
There are 14 parish councils and 1 town council in the borough:
The towns of Maidenhead and Windsor are unparished.
== Education ==
The Windsor and Maidenhead LEA provides a comprehensive system, with a three-tier successive school system in Windsor, and two-tier education elsewhere. Colleges and sixth forms are available in the main two towns as well as across its borders in Egham, Slough and Wokingham.
==Freedom of the Borough==
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.
 
===Individuals===
* Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh: 1947.
* Charles, Prince of Wales: 1970. 
* Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: 1980.
* Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh: 1995.
* Thomas Bailey: 1974.
* Stanley Platt: 1974.
* Sir John Smith: 1975.
* James Matthews: 1988.
* Peter Gray: 1994.
* Geoffrey Blacker: 1996.
* Sir Nicholas Winton: 1999.
* Harry Parker: 1999.
* Sir Clive Woodward: 2003.
* David Lunn: 2008.
* David Oram: 2012.
 
===Military Units===
* The Royal Berkshire Regiment: 1959.
* The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment: 1960.
* The Household Cavalry: 1965.
* The Brigade of Guards: 1968.
* The Berkshire Yeomanry: 1993.
* The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment: 1999.
* The Rifles: 2006.
 
== Twin towns ==
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is twinned with the following Towns:
* Neuilly-sur-Seine, France – established 1955 with Royal Borough of New Windsor.
* Saint-Cloud, France – established 1957 with Maidenhead.
* Bad Godesberg, Germany – established 1960 with Maidenhead.
* Goslar, Germany – established 1969 with Royal Borough of New Windsor.
* Frascati, Italy – established 1972 with Maidenhead.
* Kortrijk, Belgium – established 1981 with Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.
==References==
 
Category:1974 establishments in England
Category:Unitary authority districts of England
Category:Districts of Berkshire
Category:Local authorities adjoining the River Thames
Category:Places with royal patronage in England
Category:Boroughs in England