USATC S100 Class

The United States Army Transportation Corps (USATC) S100 Class is a Class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive that was designed for switching (shunting) duties in Europe and North Africa during World War II. After the war, they were used on several railways in other countries, these include Austria, China, Egypt, France, Great Britain (UK), Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Palestine, the United States, and Yugoslavia.
==Wartime development and use==
The S100 is a side tank design by Col. Howard G. Hill. In 1942, the USATC ordered 382 S100s from Davenport Locomotive Works of Iowa, H. K. Porter, Inc, of Pittsburgh and Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre. They were shipped to Great Britain in 1943, where they were stored until 1944. After D-Day, they were shipped to Continental Europe.
==Construction==
Builders 	Construction
numbers	Years	Quantity	USATC numbers
H. K. Porter, 		 	 	
Vulcan Iron Works 		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
Vulcan Iron Works 		 	 	
Vulcan Iron Works 		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
Davenport Locomotive Works		 	 	
H. K. Porter 		 	 	
Vulcan Iron Works 		 	 	
==Use after the Second World War==
After the Second World War, SNCF bought 77 S100's and designated them class 030TU. Jugoslovenske železnice (Yugoslav State Railways) bought many S100's and designated them class 62. In the 1950s JŽ assembled more examples bringing the number of class 62 to 129. The Hellenic State Railways in Greece acquired 20 S100's and designated them class Δα (Delta-alpha). Österreichische Bundesbahnen in Austria acquired 10 and designated them class 989. Ferrovie dello Stato in Italy acquired four and designated them class 831.
Several were sold into industrial use in the US, including to Georgia Power and Oklahoma Gas & Electric.
The Oranje-Nassau Mijnen, a coal mining company in The Netherlands acquired two S100's (USATC 4389 and 1948)and numbered them ON-26 (Davenport 2533) and ON-27 (Davenport 2513) respectively. The ON-26 survived the scrapyard and was sold to the museum railway Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele.
The Southern Railway (UK) bought 15 S100's (14 for operational use and one for spare parts) and designated them USA Class. Other S100's entered British industrial use with the National Coal Board, Longmoor Military Railway, Austin Motor Company and others.
China acquired about 20 S100's, designating them class XK2. In 1946, Egyptian State Railways bought eight and numbered them 1151–1158. The UK War Department loaned six to Palestine Railways. In 1946 PR bought two of these, both of which subsequently entered the stock of Israel Railways in 1948.
Iraqi State Railways bought five, designated them Class SA, and gave them fleet numbers 1211–1215. All five were Davenport-built examples. At least two were still in service in March 1967: 1211 at Basrah and 1214 as the station pilot at Baghdad West.
==Postwar design influence==
Several European railways produced designs based on the S100. JŽ added to their Class 62 by ordering several similar examples from Đuro Đaković (factory) of Slavonski Brod, Croatia. These differed in minor details, principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames, resulting in a higher boiler pitch. This gives the steam pipes a shoulder instead of being straight, and requires smaller domes with a flatter top to fit JŽ's loading gauge.
Poland built several TKh Ferrum Fablok TKh49 locomotives. These have a similar outline but include various differences such as the use of 2 domes instead of 3, driving onto the second axle instead of the third, a different cab, etc.
The British Great Western Railway (GWR) had used many S100s in South Wales during the Second World War. The GWR 1500 Class was partially inspired by the S100 in its use of outside cylinders and short wheelbase.
==Continuing commercial use==
A small number of former JŽ 62's remain in commercial service, more than 65 years after they were built. At least two work as switchers (shunters) at the ArcelorMittal steel plant in Zenica, Bosnia-Hercegovina.
==Survival and preservation==
More than 100 S100s survive: either preserved, stored, or derelict. Most are in Europe or North America, but there are also two in China and one in Egypt. Project 62 has an online database of them.
Private owners in Baraboo, Wisconsin, are currently restoring S100 United States Army No. 5002. No. 5002 was used for the Naval Yards in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and later sold to the EJ Lavino Company in Pennsylvania, then sold to the Kentucky Railroad Museum.
In 2006, one was purchased for preservation from steelworks in central Bosnia and was sent to Britain.
== Trivia ==
* Design cues were taken from these Locomotives, and applied to the GWR 1500 Class Pannier Tanks
==In fiction==
An engine based on this prototype appears in the Thomas & Friends TV series as Rosie.
==Gallery==
* Full Gallery
File:JZ 62 Class 1971.png|Yugoslav Railways (JŽ) No. 62 070 shunts between Zidani Most and Maribor in August 1971.
File:Granite Rock Railroad 10.png|Locomotive (7461 of 1942; originally USATC 5001), operated by the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento.
File:10firstatGRC.png
File:Gp9.jpg|Georgia Power Company No. 97
File:Rosie'sfontbasis.webp
Y113917945924755139855520765324124362n.jpg
Category:Built in 1942
Category:Built in 1944
Category:Preserved locomotives
Category:USATC
Category:Austria
Category:United Kingdom
Category:United States
Category:Israel
Category:France
Category:Greece
Category:Iran
Category:Iraq
Category:Iraqi locomotives
Category:The Netherlands
Category:Palestine
Category:China
Category:Egypt
Category:United States Transportation Corps
Category:American locomotives
Category:British locomotives
Category:Steam locomotives
Category:Tank locomotives
Category:Scrapped locomotives
Category:American steam locomotives
Category:British Rail locomotives
Category:Southern Railway (UK) locomotives
Category:0-6-0T locomotives
Category:0-6-0T steam locomotives
Category:Porter locomotives
Category:Davenport locomotives
Category:Six-coupled locomotives
Category:0-6-0 locomotives
Category:0-6-0 steam locomotives
Category:Switcher locomotives
Category:Vulcan Iron Works locomotives
Category:Built in 1943
Category:Africa
Category:European steam locomotives
Category:Egyptian Locomotives
Category:French steam locomotives
Category:Netherlands
Category:Locomotives that ran on Foreign Rails
Category:Greek locomotives
Category:War Department locomotives
Category:USATC S100 Class