IQ

Most contemporary standardized measures of intelligence include vocabulary, working memory, spatial skills, analogies, processing speed, and puzzle-like elements (e.g., Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition; see (Drozdick et al. 2012)). Measures of IQ correlate with many important outcomes, including academic performance (Kretzschmar et al. 2016), job-related skills (Hunter and Schmidt 1996), reduced likelihood of criminal behavior (Burhan et al. 2014), and for those with exceptionally high IQs, obtaining a doctorate and publishing scholarly articles (McCabe et al. 2020). Gottfredson (1997, p. 81) summarized these effects when she said the “predictive validity of g is ubiquitous.” More recent research using longitudinal data, found that general mental abilities and specific abilities are good predictors of several work variables including job prestige, and income (Lang and Kell 2020). Although assessments of IQ are useful in many contexts, having a high IQ does not protect against falling for common cognitive fallacies (e.g., blind spot bias, reactance, anecdotal reasoning), relying on biased and blatantly one-sided information sources, failing to consider information that does not conform to one’s preferred view of reality (confirmation bias), resisting pressure to think and act in a certain way, among others. This point was clearly articulated by Stanovich (2009, p. 3) when he stated that,” IQ tests measure only a small set of the thinking abilities that people need.”https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8167750/
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Intelligence
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