Totalitarisme

Etymologia: Ex Italian totalitario, creet in 1923 kay denunce fascisme, emen tsay ab Benito Mussolini in 1925 (stato totalitario = "totalitair Stat") 
Definition: Totalitarisme kyeust un non-democratic politic systeme kwiten ab un official ideologia, oino massenpartise, police terror ed un direct au indirecto centralisen control os Economia. 
==Ia formes os totalitarisme==
Beuwend un critique do idpet definition os sien Statsproject, Benito Mussolini hat introducen in 1925 do id politic vocabular un nov werd. Sammel, Gentile, fascismes ideolog, baht de Stato totale, quer Stat ed societat se confunde, dayi emen tsay oika yars serter in Deutschland ab iom Nazi juristem Schmitt qui oppont ad liberalo pluralisme Identität von Staat und Gesellschaft. Idghi conceptum totalitarisme, ob sien origin, kwecto kweit ia populiste conservative dictatures ios interweir, quom prototype est Italian fascisme. 
Bet, yant ia 1930tias, critiques os Sovietsk communisme hant applien tod concept ei stalinsk regime : id notion tun se extendt ad cada forme os monopartisan systeme quer id hypertrophia ios Statswaldh biht legitimen ab quodkwe official ideologia. Tod these, postulend un commun totalitairkweit ad fascisme, nazisme ed sovietsk communisme buit brilliant-ye antplohct ab iam deutschu Historian ed politilog H.Arendt, endergwehmus do ia Uniet Stats os America, in ays buk The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). 
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==Id debato de totalitarisme==
Tod proschgumt inter fascismes ed communisme hat isnaht akster polemiques qua hant restarten in France, in 1997, ye id waurmen ios publication uns collective wehrg de ia communiste terrorsiyassas (Le Livre noir du communisme)
Hatta kun buir gnohn ia realitats ios stalinsk dictature ed admitten ia convergences in ia nuden methodes, hant intellectuals ed politologs prokwem Marxisme nespekent hol ghehldihn un difference os buhsa, ayn fundamental, ed due ia inkapemziels om bo Economic systemes. Communisme habiet haben, in-kap, positive ed emancipator eiskwens, menxu fascisme ed nazisme skip inkaptos regressive ed inhuman ideologias. Tod proschgumt buit akster-ye critiquen ab liberal historians ed kwiten ka khowyic in id nam os un simple evidence : ne sont "positive" concentrationslaghers !
Acuter buit id critique alyen paurskern kyunggiawnd id pior general kweitu ios conceptios totalitarisme. Tod, sekwent i, ne permitt dikes ia multa differences existend inter ia isnadht regimes ed ideologias, ni ir specific evolution. Limitend-se ibs apparences (ibs extro waldhformes), id neglect ia historic conditions ios adgumtios tom dictatures. 
Tod akhir critique est relevant, yed etileikwt od id XXt secule hat viden id coexistence om dwo perfect-ye antithetic Statsformes : idmen representative, pluraliste ed liberal democratia, ed de autoritair systemes qua affirme id oinkweit om societat ed Stat, refuse opinionspluralitat, enderwaurge id gvalt-ye, ed instaure ep id base ios wahid partise id magh uns oligarchia. Quakwe buir ia kyuken ideologias, ta hant in commun pretendus oiskwites id sense os historia ed proclamevs id superioritat ios collectivitat (race, nation au classe) uper el Individu; hant eti accepten neter contestationo ni alternative. 
Id adjective totalitair, nekam id "ghyanen" systeme quod est democratia, defineiht un cluden systeme waurs ab un oinmayn logos, quo is franceois historian A.Besançon (Present soviétique et passé russe, 1980) hat namt "ideocratia". Ghapt in tod maynen, tod lexis oiskapt un angh acception eti ghehdt bihe applien ad divers historic situations, in rewos ed wakt. Also hant historians kwit ka totalitair id waldh ios christian Roman Imperium os Niter Antiquitat au, exter Europe, tod ios precolombian Imperium im Incas, in Peru.