Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway

The Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway is a 2 foot narrow gauge railway. The line was operated as a for-profit company from 1895 until 1933 between the Maine towns of Wiscasset, Albion, and Winslow, but was abandoned in 1936. Today, about three miles (4.8 km) of the track in the town of Alna has been rebuilt and is operated by the non-profit Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway Museum as a heritage railroad offering passenger excursion trains and hauling occasional cargo.
==History==
The line began operating to Weeks Mills on February 20, 1895, as the Wiscasset and Quebec Railroad. The line was reorganized in 1901 as the Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway following the inability to negotiate a crossing of the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad near Burnham Junction. The reorganized WW&F completed a branch line from Weeks Mills to the Kennebec River at Winslow but failed to negotiate a connection with the Sandy River Railroad at Farmington, and therefore never reached Quebec.
The WW&F hauled potatoes, lumber, and poultry along with other general freight and passengers. Freight tonnage in 1914 was 43% outbound lumber, 16% outbound potatoes and canned corn, 14% inbound feed and grain, 10% inbound manufactured goods, 5% inbound coal, and 4% outbound hay.
In the late 1920s, the railroad began to struggle, thanks to competition from roads. It was purchased by Frank Winter, a businessman with lumber interests in Palermo. He had also bought two cargo schooners, which he proposed would carry coal north from Boston and return south with lumber, while the railroad would transport coal and lumber between Wiscasset and interior points in Maine. On June 15, 1933, as a result of a locomotive derailment, operations ceased and this business venture never came to fruition. Winter died in 1936. Most of the railroad was scrapped, while the schooners were abandoned beside the railroad wharf in Wiscasset.
=== Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum===
Beginning in 1989, a non-profit organization established the WW&F Railway Museum, which continues to operate as of 2019. It restored several privately owned pieces of former WW&F rolling stock and rebuilt about 3 miles of former WW&F track in Alna. The museum runs 2 Foot gauge steam and diesel locomotives and other historic equipment, and has other pieces on static display.
==Main Line geography (1895–1933)==
Milepost 0: Wiscasset - Transfer yard largely built on pilings over the Sheepscot River estuary including a wharf, passing siding, interchange tracks with the standard gauge Maine Central Railroad and spurs serving a creamery and a grain warehouse. North of the transfer yard was the diamond crossing of the Maine Central Railroad with a wooden platform connecting separate station buildings for the two railroads. A 3-stall enginehouse and turntable, a long coal shed, a large 3-track car shop, two storage sidings, and a water tank were north of the Maine Central diamond.
Milepost 4.8: Sheepscot - Small agent's station building with a northbound spur.
Milepost 6.4: Alna Centre - Small flag stop passenger shelter.
"Top of Mountain" was a southbound spur atop the uphill grade from Head Tide to Alna
Milepost 9.1: Head Tide - Agent's station building of standard design with 2 southbound spurs. Some distance north of the station a third southbound spur served a gravel pit. A covered water tank was north of the gravel pit.
Milepost 12.3: "Iron Bridge" The most impressive bridge on the line carried the rails over the Sheepscot River. The railroad was within a relatively steeply incised portion of the Sheepscot River valley between Head Tide and Whitefield. The through truss bridge had previously been used as part of an early Maine Central Railroad bridge over the Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine.
Milepost 13.3: Whitefield - Agent's station building of standard design with a passing siding.
Milepost 15.7: Prebles - Small flag stop passenger shelter.
Milepost 17.4: North Whitefield - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. A short distance north of the station, a second southbound spur served Clary's mill.
Milepost 20.4: Cooper's Mills - Agent's station with a passing siding and a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. The original station was a covered design with doors at either end to allow the train to pass through; but this was replaced in the early 1900s with a newer design similar to those constructed on the Winslow branch. There was a covered water tank south of the station.
Milepost 23: Maxcy's - Small flag stop passenger shelter with a southbound spur.
Milepost 24: Windsor - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur.
Milepost 28.2: Weeks Mills - Agent's station building of standard design with a separate shed-roofed freight house, a covered water tank, one or two passing sidings, a wye for the branch to Winslow, and two southbound spurs for a potato warehouse and a cannery.
Milepost 31: Newell's - Small flag stop passenger shelter with a southbound spur.
Milepost 32.9: Palermo - Agent's station building of standard design with a passing siding and a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. Some distance north of Palermo was a covered water tank, a southbound spur serving a gravel pit, and, in later years, a northbound spur serving a sawmill owned by the last operator of the railroad.
Milepost 36.5: Cole's - Flag stop.
Milepost 38: China - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse.
Milepost 40: South Albion - Small flag stop passenger shelter.
Milepost 43.5: Albion - Agent's station building of standard design was subsequently modified to add a second story with living quarters. Several southbound spurs served a cannery, a sawmill, a tannery, and two potato warehouses. A turntable and single-stall enginehouse were near the station, and there was a covered water tank about a half-mile south of the station.
==Branch Line geography (1902–1916)==
Milepost 31.5: South China - Agent's station building of newer design with a northbound spur serving a potato warehouse. There was a covered water tank about one-quarter mile south of the station.
Milepost 32.5: China Lake - Flag stop.
Milepost 33.7: Clark's - Flag stop.
Milepost 36.5: East Vassalboro - Agent's station building of newer design with a northbound spur.
Milepost 39.1: North Vassalboro - Agent's station building of newer design with a southbound spur. A northbound spur served a gravel pit south of the station. Three southbound spurs served an American Woolen Company mill north of the station; and there was a covered water tank north of the woolen mill.
Milepost 42.7: Winslow - Agent's station building of newer design with a southbound spur. There was also a turntable and enginehouse for the decade this point served as the primary northern terminus of the railroad. Rails were removed from the Winslow end of the branch in 1912, but the railroad provided freight service as far as North Vassalboro for a few more years.
==Rolling stock==
Construction started with a Porter 14-ton 0-4-4T Forney locomotive originally built for the Sandy River Railroad in 1883. During construction, Portland Company provided the railroad with a number of 10-ton capacity cars 28 ft (8.5 m) long. They were flat cars #1–20, box cars #21-25, caboose #26, lowside coal gondolas #27–30, and box cars #31–36. The Portland Company also built a wedge snowplow, a flanger, and two 19-ton 0-4-4T Forney locomotives #2–3. Jackson and Sharp built four passenger cars 40 ft (12 m) long. These were clerestory-roofed baggage-express-RPO #1, clerestory-roofed coaches #2–3, and arch-roofed coach #4 designated a smoking car. Portland Company built 32 more cars when the railroad reorganized for construction to Winslow. These cars were 30 ft (9.1 m) long and had a capacity of 12 tons. Coal gondolas were numbered 101–105 and flatcars were numbered 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48-58. Boxcars #33, 35, 37, 39, 41 and 43 were the same height as the original box cars, with door width expanded from 4 ft (1.2 m) to 5 ft (1.5 m). Boxcars #60–64 were about 1 ft (0.30 m) taller than the earlier boxcars. Porter built 24-ton 0-4-4T Forney locomotive #4 and Jackson & Sharpe built three clerestory-roofed passenger cars 32 ft (9.8 m) long. These were coach #5, baggage-RPO-smoking car #6, and open excursion car #7.Portland Company built 32 more cars before World War I. Wedge snowplow #402 and flanger #202 were built in 1905. Boxcars #65–74 were built in 1906. Flatcars #106–115 were built in 1907 and #116–125 were built in 1912. All except the snowplow were on the heavy 30 ft (9.1 m) underframe.
Carson Peck purchased three locomotives in 1907. No. 5 was a 15-ton 0-4-4T Forney built by Hinkley for the Bridgton and Saco River Railroad in 1882. Baldwin #6 was a 26-ton 2-6-2 and #7 was a 28-ton 2-4-4 Forney. These two new outside-frame Baldwin engines moved most main-line trains until they were damaged in the 1931 Wiscasset enginehouse fire. Frank Winter then purchased two used locomotives from the discontinued Kennebec Central Railroad to keep the Wiscasset railroad operating. Portland #8 was a 19-ton 0-4-4T Forney built for the Bridgton and Saco River Railroad in 1892 and Portland #9 was an 18-ton 0-4-4T Forney built for the Sandy River Railroad in 1891.
The Wiscasset car shop completed a number of rebuilding projects starting with the conversion of six of the original flatcars to boxcars during the first year of railroad operations. The shop then rebuilt one end of smoking car #4 into a baggage compartment. After the smoking car burst into flame in 1904, its trucks were used under the caboose. The caboose was renumbered from 26 to 301 after its cupola was removed. Excursion car #7 was converted to a replacement combination RPO-smoking car in 1906. The 28 ft (8.5 m) gondolas were rebuilt as flatcars when the 30 ft (9.1 m) gondolas were delivered, and the 30 ft (9.1 m) gondolas were rebuilt as simple flatcars within a year. Box cars #65, 72 and 73 were rebuilt with hinged doors, insulated walls, and 2 windows for use as cream cars carrying an attendant to load and record milk cans. As the 28 ft (8.5 m) boxcars needed repair, they were rebuilt to the full height of the 30 ft (9.1 m) boxcars and renumbered in the 300 series with special-purpose modifications. Cars #302-304 had end doors and six windows on each side for use as express cars in passenger train service. Many later cars of the 300 series contained stoves to keep potatoes from freezing during winter shipment. Ten of the 28 ft (8.5 m) flatcars were rebuilt in 1910 as heated insulated boxcars #501–510 for potato loading. Boxcars #509 was rebuilt with hinged doors for cream car service after car #73 was destroyed in 1913. Flatcar #10 was rebuilt in 1913 with a derrick for placing riprap. The remaining three 28 ft (8.5 m) flatcars were rebuilt in 1916 into express cars #80–82 with end doors and 6-foot-wide side doors. Combination #6 was converted to an express car by removing interior features and placing protective bars across the windows.
===Locomotives===
Number	Builder 	Type 	Build date 	Status 	Notes
4 	Leon Weeks 	Model T Railcar	2007–2010 	Operational 	
9 	Portland Company 	Steam 	1891 	Operational 	
10 	Vulcan Ironworks 	Steam 	1904 	Stored out of service; awaiting restoration	
11 	Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway	Steam 	2017–present	Under construction 	
51 	Brookville 	Track Car 	1947 	Operational 	
52 	Plymouth 	DDT-6 Diesel 	1962 	Operational 	
===Former units===
Number	Builder 	Type 	Date	Works number	Notes
1 	H. K. Porter 	0-4-4RT	1883	565 	Scrapped in 1916.
2 	Portland Company 	0-4-4RT	1894	626 	Scrapped in 1937.
3 	Portland Company 	0-4-4RT	1894	627 	Scrapped in 1937.
4 	H.K. Porter 	0-4-4RT	1902	2497 	Scrapped in 1937.
5 	Hinkley 	0-4-4RT	1882	1564 	Scrapped in 1912.
6 	Baldwin Locomotive Works	2-6-2 	1907	31691 	Scrapped in 1937.
7 	Baldwin Locomotive Works	2-4-4RT	1907	31692 	Scrapped in 1937.
8 	Portland Company 	0-4-4RT	1892	624 	Scrapped in 1937.
== Gallery ==
File:WW&FR 10.jpg|Locomotive #10 at Sheepscot station on the restored WW&F
==See also==
*List of heritage railroads in the United States
==External links==
*WW&F Railway Museum
*WW&F Railway Facebook Page
Category:Railways
Category:Railroads
Category:Railway Lines
Category:Railroad Lines
Category:Narrow-gauge rail
Category:Heritage Railways
Category:United States