Uno

== Overview ==
Uno is an American card game that is played with a specially printed deck (see Mau Mau for an almost identical game played with normal playing cards). The game was originally developed in 1971 by Merle Robbins in Reading, Ohio, a suburb ofvCincinnati. It has been a Mattel brand since 1992. The game's general principles put it into the Crazy Eights family of card games.
== How to Play ==
The aim of the game is to be the first player to score 500 points. This is achieved (usually over several rounds of play) by a player discarding all of their cards and earning points corresponding to the value of the remaining cards still held by the other players.
The deck consists of 108 cards, of which there are twenty-five of each color (red, green, blue, and yellow), each color having two of each rank except zero. The ranks in each color are zero to nine, "Skip", "Draw Two" and "Reverse" (the last three of these being classified as "action cards"). In addition, the deck contains four each of "Wild" and "Wild Draw Four" cards.
To start a hand, seven cards are dealt out to each player, and the top card of the deck is flipped over and set aside to begin the discard pile. The dealer draws one extra card (a total of 8 cards). The player to the dealer's left plays first, unless the first card on the discard pile is an action or Wild card (see below). On a player's turn, he/she must do one of the following:
* play a card matching the discard in color, number or symbol
* play a Wild card, or a playable Wild Draw Four card (see restriction below)
* draw the top card of the deck
Play proceeds clockwise around the table.
Action and Wild cards have the following effects:
Card 	Effect when played from hand 	Effect as first discard
Skip 	Next player in sequence misses a turn 	Player to dealer's left misses a turn
Draw Two 	Next player in sequence draws two cards and misses a turn 	Player to dealer's left draws two cards and misses a turn.
Reverse 	Order of play switches directions (clockwise to counterclockwise, or vice versa) 	Dealer plays first; play proceeds counterclockwise
Wild 	Player declares next color to be matched (may be used on any turn even if the player has matching color) 	Player to dealer's left declares first color to be matched, then plays normally
Wild Draw Four	Player declares next color to be matched; next player in sequence draws four cards and loses a turn. May be legally played only if the player has no cards of the current color, not counting wild cards; cards in a color different from the current color do not count even if they have the with the same number or symbol.	Return card to deck, shuffle, flip top card to start discard pile
* If a player draws a card that is playable, the player has the option of either keeping it or playing it immediately. Having drawn from the deck, the player may not use any other card from his/her hand on that turn.
* A player may play a Wild card at any time, even if that player has other playable cards.
* A player may play a Wild Draw Four card only if that player has no cards matching the current color. The player may have cards of a different color matching the current number or symbol or a Wild card and still play the Wild Draw Four card.[3] A player who plays a Wild Draw Four may be challenged by the next player in sequence (see below) to prove that his or her hand meets this condition.
* If the entire deck is used during play, the top discard is set aside and the rest of the pile is shuffled to create a new deck. Play then proceeds normally.
* It is illegal to trade cards of any sort with another player.
A player who plays his/her next-to-last card must call "Uno" as a warning to the others.
The first player to get rid of his/her last card ("going out") wins the hand and scores points for the cards held by the other players. Number cards count their face value, all action cards count 20, and Wild and Wild Draw Four cards count 50. If a Draw Two or Wild Draw Four card is played to go out, the next player in sequence must draw the appropriate number of cards before the score is tallied.
The first player to score 500 points wins the game.
=== Penalties ===
* If a player lays down his/her second-to-last card without calling "Uno" and is caught before the next player in sequence takes a turn (draws a card from their hand, draws a card or touches the discard pile, depending on interpretation), he/she must draw four[5] card. If the player is not caught in time, or remembers to call "Uno" before being caught, he/she suffers no penalty. If a player calls out "Uno" at the wrong time then he/she must draw one card. According to the current official rules[6] the penalty for failing to call out "Uno" is two cards.
* When a Wild Draw Four card is played, the next player in sequence has the right to challenge the playing of the card if he/she believes that the player does have at least one card in the current color. The player of the Wild Draw Four card privately shows his/her cards to the challenging player. If the challenge is successful then the player who played the Wild Draw Four must draw four cards; otherwise, the challenging player must draw six cards and miss a turn. Regardless of the outcome, the Wild Draw Four remains on the discard pile and the color of further play is the color named by the player who played the card.
* If a player lays down a card not during their turn, they are required to draw two cards.
*
=== Two-player game ===
In a two-player game, the Reverse card acts like a Skip card; when played, the other player misses a turn.
== Strategies ==
A strategy at Uno may be offensive (aiming to go out), or defensive (aiming to minimize the score of the hand, in the event that another player goes out). Part of the skill of playing Uno is knowing when to adopt an offensive or defensive strategy.
An offensive strategy would advise holding on to Wild and Wild Draw Four cards, because these can be played near the end of the hand in order to go out (when it may be hard or impossible to play a matching card). However, a defensive strategy would advise getting rid of such cards early, because they have a high point value.
A defensive strategy would advise playing a high-numbered card in order to reduce the point value of the hand. However, an offensive strategy would suggest playing a 0 when the player wants to continue on the current color, because it is less likely to be matched by another 0 of a different color (there is only one 0 of each color, but two of each 1–9).
A player holding only one card is required to call out "Uno" or risk being penalized if caught. A player who calls "Uno" risks being the target of concerted action from the other players, who may be able to use action cards to prevent that player from going out. Depending on the level and seriousness of play, some players may deliberately avoid saying "Uno", in the hope of avoiding detection and then going out on the next turn. For this reason, it is useful to conceal how many cards are in your hand, and to keep track of how many cards every other player holds.
Little has been published on the optimal strategy for the game of Uno. Simulations of games may shed some light on the matter, but the game solution is likely to be very complex. This is because attempts to reduce point count in the player's hands can be "read" by other players if too transparent. This information can be exploited by other players, and it follows that a mixed strategy may be more appropriate.
Some work has been done into the psychology of Uno as it relates to individual and group behavior.[7] Players may exhibit physical tells,[8] in which a subtle, often repeated, visual cue inadvertently reveals their state of mind during a game. Alternatively, they may change their playing style; switching from an aggressive card-shedding strategy to a more subdued one, or vice versa.
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== Revisions and Extensions ==
The new Uno action cards bear symbols which denote their action, except for the Wild cards which still bear the word "Wild." Before the design change, such cards in English versions of the game bear letters. Especially old English versions can be denoted by the absence of the white rim that surrounds the edge of most Uno cards. Other versions also use symbols and images in both old and new designs, especially those with Wild cards that do not bear the word "Wild" in 40th Anniversary sets. The Xbox 360 version of the game uses the new English style of the cards in gameplay. There are also language-free versions of the newer styles Uno action cards that do not bear the word "Wild" but have the same styling. There is a new version called "Uno Mod" where the cards have symbols instead of letters or numbers. This version also comes in a red and white case. It is one of several "Mod" games by Mattel, the others being Othello (game) Mod, Apples to ApplesMod, Phase 10 Mod, and Skip-Bo Mod.
== Theme packs ==
There are many other themes and versions of Uno. These theme games may come with slightly alternated directions and special cards.
Variants
*Uno Car-Go
*Uno Hot Death (PC add-on only)
*Uno 35th Anniversary
*Uno 40th Anniversary Edition
*Uno 75th Anniversary
*Uno Deluxe in Box
*Uno Deluxe in Wood Box
*Uno H2O
*Uno H2O To Go
*Uno H2O Splash
*Uno Splash
*Uno Mini Party Favors
*Uno Mod
*Uno MyUno
*Uno Retro
*Uno Retro 70's(1 of 5)
*Uno Retro 80's(2 of 5)
*Uno Retro 90's(3 of 5)
*Uno Retro 00's(4 of 5)
*Uno Retro 10's(5 of 5)
*Giant Uno
*Nonpartisan Uno
*New Vintage Uno
My First Uno
*Angelina Ballerina Uno
*Bob The Builder Uno
*Curious George Uno
*The Koala Brothers Uno
*Sesame Street Uno
*Thomas & Friends Uno
*Uno Junior 2017
*Uno Junior 2020
*Emoji Uno
*UNOcorns Uno
*Pocket Watch Ryan's World Uno
Disney
*Cars Uno
*Disney Channel Uno
*Disney Electronic Uno
*Disney Theme Park Uno
*Disney Pixar Uno
*Disney Princess Uno
*Frozen Uno
*Frozen 2 Uno
*Hannah Montana Uno
*High School Musical Uno
*High School Musical 2 Uno
*High School Musical 3 Uno
*The Nightmare Before Christmas Uno
*Phineas and Ferb Uno
*Pirates of the Caribbean Uno
*Ratatouille Uno
*Toy Story Uno
*Toy Story 3 Uno
*Toy Story 4 Uno
*Trolls Uno
*Coco Uno
*Disney Mickey Mouse and Friends Uno
*Winnie The Pooh Uno
Toys/Dolls
*Barbie Uno
*Barbie Cali Girl Edition Uno
*Polly Pocket Uno
*My Scene Uno
*Monster High Uno
*Care Bears Uno
*Hot Wheels Uno
Video Games
*Angry Birds Uno
*Mario Bros. Uno
*Mario Kart Uno
*Nintendo Uno
*Minecraft Uno
Books
*Diary of a Wimpy Kid Uno
*Harry Potter Uno
*Harry Potter Special Edition Uno
*Magic Tree House Uno
Music
*Elvis Uno
*NSYNC Uno
*BTS Uno
Cartoons
*Family Guy Uno
*Betty Boop Uno
*Hanna-Barbera Uno
*Peanuts Uno
** Peanuts - Christmas Uno
** Peanuts - Halloween Uno
** Peanuts - Valentine Uno
*The Penguins of Madagascar Uno
*Ren and Stimpy Uno
*Scooby-Doo Uno
*The Simpsons Uno
** The Simpsons - Great Scot
** The Simpsons - Treehouse of Horror''
** The Simpsons - Springfield
*SpongeBob SquarePants Uno
** SpongeBob SquarePants 2''
** SpongeBob SquarePants 3''
* SpongeBob SquarePants Special Edition Uno
*South Park Uno
*Teen Titans Uno
*Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Uno
*Masters of the Universe
Anime
*Doraemon Uno 
*One Piece Uno
*Pokémon Uno 
*Pokémon Special Edition Uno
*Pokémon X & Y Uno
*Pokémon Sun & Moon Uno
*Speed Racer Uno
*Hello Kitty Uno
*Hello Kitty Uno (Tin)
*Hello Kitty Special Edition
*Hello Kitty & Friends Uno
Comics
*Batman Uno
*Batman Special Edition Uno
*Hulk Uno
*Spider-Man Uno
*Superman Uno
*Marvel Heroes Uno
*X-Men Uno
*X-Men Uno Special Edition
TV
*Doctor Who Uno
*Fraggle Rock Uno
*Muppet Show Uno
*Glee Uno
*Star Trek Uno
** Mattel-produced "Special Edition"
** Fundex Games "Collector's Edition"
*The Office Uno
*Saved by the Bell
*The Big Bang Theory
*Shark Week Uno
Movies
*Batman Begins Uno
*Batman The Dark Knight Uno
*Batman vs. Superman Uno
*Fantastic Four Uno
*The Golden Compass Uno
*Green Lantern Uno 
*Happy Feet Uno
*Iron Man 2 Uno
*Kung Fu Panda Uno
*Over the Hedge Uno
*Shrek Uno
** Shrek 2 Uno''
** Shrek the Third Uno''
*Superman Returns Uno
*Wizard of Oz Uno
*Harry Potter Uno
*Harry Potter Uno (Tin)
*Harry Potter 40th Anniversary Uno
*Avengers Age of Ultron Uno
*Ghost Busters Uno
*Ghost Busters 35th Anniversary Uno
*Jurassic World Uno
Advertising
*Hoops and Yoyo Uno
Food/Drinks
*Burger King Kids Meal Edition Uno
*Coca-Cola Uno
Motors/Vehicles
*Ferrari Uno
*John Deere Uno
Sports/Wrestling
*NASCAR Uno
*Sydney 2000 Uno
*WWE Legends Uno
*Tokyo 2020 Uno
Events
*Macy's Parade Uno
Cities/Locations
*National Parks Uno
*New York City Uno
Animals
*Dog Uno
*Dogs Herding Breeds Uno
*Dogs Terrier Breeds Uno
=== Themed sports teams ===
Several sports teams each have 112-card sets, featuring players from those teams. The special cards in each deck vary depending on the card set itself. The following teams have confirmed Uno sets.
* Boston Red Sox (regular and World Series editions)
* Boston Celtics
* Calgary Flames
* Chicago Cubs
* Chicago Bears
* Chicago White Sox
* Houston Astros
* Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
* Basketball player LeBron James
* Manchester United
* MLB All-StarsAmerican LeagueNational League
* NBA All-Stars(East and West)
* NHL (National Hockey League)
* Auburn Tigers (NCAA)
* New England Patriots
* New York Giants
* New York Knicks
* New York Mets
* New York Yankees
* Notre Dame
* St. Louis Cardinals
* Texas Longhorns
Gallery
Uno Car-Go.png|Uno Car-Go
Uno 35th Anniversary.jpg|Uno 35th Anniversary
Uno 40th Anniversary Edition.jpg|Uno 40th Anniversary Edition
Uno Deluxe in Box.jpg|Uno Deluxe in Box
UNO H2O.jpeg|Uno H2O
UNO H2O to GO.jpeg|Uno H2O To Go
Uno H20 Splash.jpg|Uno H2O Splash
Uno Splash.jpg|Uno Splash
== Links and References ==
Official Uno Website
Uno Rules
BoardGameGeek Review
Category:Cards
Category:Family
Category:Mattel
Category:1970s board games