Dragon Language

The dragon language is the language used in by dragons in shouts, on word walls, in names, etc. It is provided by the Skyrim Game Guide and in-game dialogue translations by Alduin, Paarthurnax, Odahviing, and Durnehviir. Some may also be found in the books, Dragon Language: Myth no More and Songs of Skyrim. Additionally, each Dragon Priest's name is a word in the Dragon Language.
==Words of power==
The dragon language is an innate characteristic of dragons, who use it both to speak regularly and to cast magic using words of power, known as the Thu'um. Dragons use the Thu'um to 'shout' with one to three words of power in the dragon language, and the words used for a shout are expressive of the effects of that shout; for example, 'force,' 'balance,' and 'push' make up the three words of power of unrelenting force. While dragons have a natural understanding of the dragon language and the Thu'um, any person can both learn to speak the language and shout using words of power if they are trained to do so.Dialogue with Arngeir in Unlike other mortals, Dragonborn are able to learn and use words of power as soon as they learn it and unlock its potential after absorbing the soul of a deceased dragon.Events of 
==Pronunciation==
The Dragon Language uses unique digraphs – two letters making a single sound – as part of its alphabet, including "aa," "ah," "ei," "ey," "ii," "ir," "uu," "ur," and "oo." However, assuming that the initial syllables heard in the musical pieces for the game are the standard form, then the language takes on a more Scandinavian sound. "Aa" and "ah" are both a long, open "a" /aː/; the latter, however, being formed more gutturally (sometimes becoming /ɔː/). "Oo" is used in the instances where the normal "o" sound /o/ (English "port") needs to become long (/oː/), as in the English "door." Only "uu" takes on the sound of an English double-"o." "Ii" would tend to be longer (/ɪː/), and "ir" and "ur" equate to /ir/ and /ur/, respectively. Finally, there is a difference between "ei" and "ey": "ei" is pronounced as in German, producing a vowel as in price. "Ey," on the other hand, sounds as in face. Most dragons, in the game, do not roll their "r"s; however, both the main theme and the music in Sovngarde feature them exclusively.
Digraph	IPA 	Example
aa, ah 	/ɒ/ 	thought, taut, hawk
ei 	/aɪ/ 	Ice, eye, pie
ey 	/eɪ/ 	fate, pay, lay
ii 	/i/ 	wing, fling, see
irur 	/ir//ur/	near, fear, tear
oo 	/uː/ 	goose, group, few
==Grammar==
The language has basically the same grammar as English, with the exceptions that it does not have an equivalent to English's apostrophes. To create the plural possessive, "our", a "u" is added to the end of the word. Dragon language tends to place prepositional phrases earlier in sentences than in English, and does not have tense.Game Informer To pluralize a word, the final letter is repeated and "e" is added (i.e. "grohiik": wolf; "grohiikke": wolves).
Words are constructed in such a way that, when combined, they form new words. A known construction is "Junnesejer," which means "the kings of the east." "Jun" being king and "Jer" being east. Thus, combining words will allow one to convey an idea or another word. For Example: "moon and eclipse" are not present in the vocabulary, but sun ("krein") and night ("vulon") are. The word is based on which of the words is the first because the first word is prominent. If one were to say "vulonkrein," the prominent word would be "night" while the secondary is "sun," and there would be "moon" (i.e. a light in the night). Vice versa with "kreinvulon," as "sun" is prominent and "night" is secondary, so there would be "eclipse" (darkness where the sun is). With Junnesejer, it means "the kings of the east," but if one were to put it as Jersejun, it would be "East King." "Se" is a conjunction between words that are combined to fill in the particles, but it's just as easily understood without it.
==Known words==
Dragon Language	English
Aak 	GuideDialogue with PaarthurnaxThe Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Game Guide
Aal 	May (as in "May his soul")
Aam 	ServeDialogue with OdahviingCreation Kit data
Aan 	A/AnSongs of Skyrim
Aar 	Servant/Slave
Aav 	Join
Aaz 	Mercy
Ag 	BurnDragon Language: Myth no More
Ah 	HunterDialogue with Esbern
Ahmik 	Service
Ahmul 	Husband
Ahkrin 	CourageDragon dialogue during "Alduin's Bane"
Ahraan 	Wound
Ahrk 	And
Ahrol 	HillHoldings of Jarl Gjalund
Ahst 	At
Ahzid 	Bitter
Al 	Destroyer
Alok 	AriseDialogue with Alduin
Alok-Dilon 	Necromancy (Arise-Dead)Dialogue with Durnehviir
Alun 	Ever
Aus 	Suffer
Bah 	Wrath
Bahlaan 	Worthy
Bahlok 	Hunger
Bein 	Foul
Beyn 	Scorn
Bex 	OpenDialogue with Borri
Bo 	Fly
Bodiis 	Borrow
Bok 	Age
Bolog 	Beg
Bonaar 	Humble
Bormah 	Father
Bovul 	Flee/Fled
Boziik 	Bold/Boldly
Brendon 	Specter
Brii 	Beauty
Briinah 	Sister
Brit 	Beautiful
Brod 	Clan
Brom 	NorthDialogue with Arngeir during "The Horn of Jurgen Windcaller"
Bron 	Nord
Bruniik 	Savage
Daanik 	Doomed
Dah 	Push
Dahmaan 	Remember
Daal 	Return
Daar 	This/These
Denek 	Soil
Dein 	Keep
Dez 	Fate
Dii 	Mine (possessive pronoun)Quote of Nahkriin
Diil 	UndeadDurnehviir's unique Soul Cairn Summon Shout
Diin 	Freeze
Diivon 	Swallow
Dir 	Die
Dinok 	Death
Dilon 	Dead
Do 	Of/About
Dok 	Hound
Dov 	Dragonkind (referring to the race of dragons)
Dovah 	Dragon
Dovahgolz 	Dragonstone
Dovahkiin 	Dragonborn
Draal 	Pray
Dreh 	Do/Does
Drem 	Peace/Patience
Drem Yol Lok 	Greetings (literally 'peace fire sky')
Drey 	Did ("drey kod – did wield")
Drog 	Lord
Drun 	Bring/Brought
Du 	Devour
Du'ul 	Crown
Dukaan 	Dishonor
Dun 	Grace
Dur 	CurseSummon Durnehviir Shout
Dwiin 	Steel
Dwiirok 	Carve
Ek 	Her
Enook 	Each
Ensosin 	Bewitch
Evenaar 	Extinguish
Evgir 	Season
Faad 	Warmth
Faal 	The (formal, preceding a proper noun, "Faal Krein" for "The Sun")
Faas 	Fear
Faasnu 	Fearless
Fah 	For
Fahdon 	Friend
Fahliil 	Elf
Feim 	Fade
Fel 	Feral
Fen 	Will
Fent 	Shall
Feykro 	Forest
Feyn 	Bane
Fiik 	Mirror
Filok 	Escape
Fin 	The (rarely used)
Fo 	Frost
Fod 	When
Fodiiz 	Hoar
Folaas 	Wrong
Folook 	Haunt
Fonaar 	Charge
Frin 	Hot
Frod 	Field
Fron 	Kin/Related
Frul 	Ephemeral, Temporary
Ful 	So
Fun 	Told
Fundein 	Unfurl(ed)
Funt 	Fail
Fus 	Force
Gaaf 	Ghost
Gaan 	Stamina
Gahrot 	Steal
Geh 	Yes
Gein 	One (a single person or thing)
Geinmaar 	Oneself
Gogil 	Goblin
Gol 	Earth
Golt 	Ground
Govey 	Remove
Graan 	Rout (verb)
Grah 	Battle
Grahmindol 	Stratagem
Grah-Zeymahzin 	Ally (Battle-Companion)
Gravuun 	Autumn
Grik 	Such
Grind 	Meet
Grohiik 	Wolf
Gron 	Bind
Gut 	Far
Haal 	Hand
Haas 	HealthDrain Vitality Shout
Haalvut 	Touch (noun or verb)
Hadrim, Hahdrim	Mind (noun)
Hah 	MindBend Will Shout
Hahkun 	Axe
Hahnu 	Dream
Heim 	Forge
Het 	Here
Hevno 	Brutal
Heyv 	Duty
Hind 	Wish, Hope
Hin 	Your (formal)
Hofkah 	Steading
Hokoron 	Enemy/Enemies
Horvut 	Lure
Horvutah 	Caught
Hon 	Hear ("nust hon" – "they hear")
Hun 	Hero
Huzrah 	Hearken
Iiz 	Ice
In 	Master
Jer 	East
Joor 	Mortal
Jot 	Maw
Jul 	Man/Mankind/Humans
Jun 	King, Light
Junnesejer 	The Kings of the East
Kaal 	Champion
Kaan 	Kyne
Kaaz 	Cat/Khajiit
Kah 	Pride
Kein 	War
Keizaal 	Skyrim
Kel 	Elder Scroll
Kendov 	Warrior
Kest 	Tempest
Key 	Horse
Keyn 	Anvil
Kiin 	Born
Kiir 	Child
Kinbok 	Leader
Kinzon 	Sharp
Klo 	Sand
Klov 	Head / Brow
Ko 	In
Kod 	Wield
Kodaav 	Bear
Kogaan 	Blessing
Kol 	Crag
Komeyt 	Issue(d)/Let loose (verb)
Konahrik 	Warlord
Koor 	Summer
Kopraan 	Body
Kos 	Be ("fen kos" – "will be")
Kotin 	Into
Krah 	Cold
Krasaar 	Sickness
Kreh 	Bend
Kren 	Break
Krent 	Broken
Krein 	Sun (see also "Shul")
Krif 	Fight
Krii 	Kill
Kriid 	Slayer
Kril 	Brave
Krilot 	Valiant
Krin 	Courageous
Kro 	Sorcerer
Kron 	Conquer
Krongrah 	Victory
Kroniid 	Conqueror
Krosis 	Sorrow, Apologies, Regret
Kruziik 	Ancient
Kul 	Son(s)
Kulaan 	Prince
Kulaas 	Princess
Laan 	Want/Request
Laas 	Life
Laat 	Last
Lah 	Magicka
Lahney 	Live
Lahvraan 	Muster/Gather
Lahvu 	Army
Leh 	Lest
Lein 	World (Mundus – the universe, everything)
Liiv 	Wither
Liivrah 	Diminish/Wither
Lingrah 	Long ("lingrah vod" = "long ago")
Lo 	Deceive
Lok 	Sky
Loost 	Hath
Los 	Is (Combine with other verbs for present tense: "is helping," "is sworn," etc.)
Lost 	Have/Was
Lot 	Great
Lovaas 	Music/Song
Luft 	Face
Lumnaar 	Valley
Lun 	Leech
Luv 	Tear(s)
Maar 	Terror
Mah 	Fall
Mahfaeraak 	Forever
Mal 	Little
Med 	Like/Similar to
Mey 	Fool
Meyz 	Come (become) (i.e. "meyz fundein" = "come unfurled")
Mid 	Loyal
Miin 	Eye(s)
Miiraak 	Portal
Mindok 	Know, Known, Knowable
Mindoraan 	Understand/Comprehend
Mir 	Allegiance
Miraad 	Doorway
Monah 	Mother
Monahven 	Throat of the World, translates directly to "Mother Wind"
Moro 	Glory
Morokei 	Glorious
Motaad 	Shudder
Morah 	Concentration/Thought/Focus
Motmah 	Slip
Motmahus 	Slippery, Tricky
Mu 	We
Mul 	Strong
Mulaag 	Strength
Mun 	Man
Munax 	Cruel
Muz 	Men (Plural of "man," not "mankind")
Naak 	Eat
Naako 	Eaten
Naal 	By
Naan 	Any
Nah 	Fury
Nahgahdinok 	Necromancer
Nahkip 	Feed
Nahkriin 	Vengeance
Nahl 	Living (opposite of dead)
Nahlaas 	Alive
Nahlot 	Silenced
Nau 	On
Nax 	Cruelty
Neh 	Never
Ney 	Both
Ni 	Not
Nii 	It
Nid or Niid 	No
Nivahriin 	Cowardly
Nimaar 	Itself
Nin 	Sting
Nir 	Hunt
Nis 	Cannot
Nok 	Lie(s) (as in deceive; verb and noun)
Nol 	From
Nonvul 	Noble
Norok 	Fierce/Fiercest
Nu 	Now
Nus 	Statue
Nust 	They
Nuz 	But
Oblaan 	End
Od 	Snow
Ofan 	Give/Bestow
Ogiim 	Orc
Ok 	His (used equally with the "ii" form of the possessive)
Okaaz 	Sea
Ol 	As
Om 	Hair
Ond 	Lo
Onik 	Wise
Onikaan 	Wisdom
Ont 	Once
Orin 	Even (adverb, meaning "fully" or "quite")
Osos 	Some
Ov 	Trust
Paak 	Shame
Paal 	Foe/Enemy
Paar 	Ambition
Paaz 	Fair
Pah 	All
Pahlok 	Arrogance
Peyt 	Rose
Pindaar 	Plain(s)
Pogaan 	Many
Pogaas 	Much
Pook 	Stink
Praan 	Rest/Sit
Prodah 	Foretell/Foretold
Pruzah 	Good
Pruzaan 	Best
Qahnaar 	Vanquish
Qahnaarin 	Vanquisher
Qalos 	Touch
Qeth 	Bone
Qethsegol 	Stone (literally "bone-of-the-earth")
Qo 	Lightning
Qolaas 	Herald
Qostiid 	Prophecy
Qoth 	Tomb
Raan 	Animal
Rahgol 	Rage
Rein 	Roar
Rek 	She (used equally with the "ii" form of the possessive)
Rel 	Dominate
Revak 	Sacred
Reyliik 	Race/Races (heritage)
Rii 	Essence
Riik 	Gale
Rinik 	Very
Ro 	Balance
Rok 	He
Ronax 	Regiment
Ronaan 	Archer
Ronaaz 	Arrow
Ronit 	Rival (verb)
Rotmulaag 	Word of Power
Rovaan 	Wander
Ru 	Run
Rul 	When
Ruvaak 	Raven
Ruz 	Then ("ahrk ruz" = "and then")
Sadon 	Gray
Saraan 	Await/Languish
Sah 	Phantom
Sahlo 	Weak
Sahqo 	Red
Sahqon 	Crimson
Sahrot 	Mighty
Sahsunaar 	Villager(s)
Saviik 	Savior
Se 	Of
Shul 	Sun (Word of Power; see also "Krein")
Siiv 	Find/Found
Sil 	Soul
Sinak 	Finger(s)
Sinon 	Instead
Sivaas 	Beast
Sizaan 	Lost
Slen 	Flesh
Smoliin 	Passion
Sonaan 	Bard
Sos 	Blood
Sot 	White
Spaan 	Shield
Staadnau 	Unbound
Stin 	Free (adjective)
Strun 	Storm
Strunmah 	Mountain
Su 	Air
Sul 	Day (as in time or moment, e.g. "On this day")
Suleyk 	Power
Sunvaar 	Beast(s)
Su'um 	Breath
Tah 	Pack
Taazokaan 	Tamriel (the physical land/continent)
Tafiir 	Thief
Tahrodiis 	Treacherous
Tey 	Tale
Thur 	Overlord
Thu'um 	Shout ("Storm Voice")
Tiid 	Time
Tiiraz 	Sad
Til 	There/In that place
Tinvaak 	Speak/Speech
Togaat 	Attempt
Tol 	That
Toor 	Inferno
Tu 	Hammer
Tuz 	Blade
Ufiik 	Troll
Ul 	Eternity
Unahzaal 	Unending/Ceaseless/Eternal (much less common than "Unslaad")
Unslaad 	Unending/Ceaseless/Eternal
Unt 	Try
Uth 	Command
Uznahgaar 	Unbridled
Vaal 	Bay ("ahst vaal" = "at bay")
Vaat 	Swear/Swore
Vaaz 	Tear (verb)
Vah 	Spring
Vahdin 	Maiden
Vahlok 	Guardian
Vahriin 	Sworn
Vahrukt 	Memory
Vahrukiv 	Commemorate
Vahzah 	True
Ved 	Black
Ven 	Wind/Current
Vey 	Cut
Veysun 	Ship
Viik 	Defeat
Viintaas 	Shining
Viing 	Wing
Viir 	Dying
Vith 	Serpent
Vo- 	Un- (prefix meaning "opposite of," e.g. unkind, unlikeable, etc.)
Vod 	Ago ("lingrah vod" = "long ago")
Vodahmin 	Unremembered/Forgotten
Vokul 	Evil (literally "ungood")
Vokun 	Shadow
Vol 	Horror
Volaan 	Intruder (literally "unwant")Quotes of Draugr
Vonmindoraan 	Incomprehensible"Mindoraan" and "Vo-" word meanings
Vosaraan 	Do not delay
Voth 	With
Voth Ahkrin 	Bravely (literally "with courage")
Vukein 	Combat
Vul 	Dark
Vulom 	Darkness
Vulon 	Night
Vus 	Nirn
Wah 	To
Wahl 	Build/Create
Wahlaan 	Built/Created/Raised (past tense of "Wahl")
Wen 	Whose
Werid 	Praise
Win 	Wage
Wo 	Who
Wuld 	Whirlwind
Wundun 	Travel
Wunduniik 	Traveler
Wuth 	Old
Yah 	Seek
Yol 	Fire
Yoriik 	March
Yuvon 	Gold/Golden (adjective)
Zaam 	Slave
Zaan 	Shout (noun; meaning "Yell," not use of Voice Power)
Zah 	Finite
Zahkrii 	Sword
Zahrahmiik 	Sacrifice
Zeim 	Through
Zeymah 	Brother(s)
Zii/Ziil 	Spirit/Your soul
Zin 	Honor
Zind 	Triumph
Zindro 	Triumph's
Zofaas 	Fearful
Zohungaar 	Heroically
Zok 	Most
Zol 	Zombie
Zoor 	Legend
Zu'u 	I am ("zu" = "I")
Zul 	Voice (the actual mortal voice, not the power of shouting)
Zun 	Weapon
==Trivia==
*The Dragon language's script is similar in appearance to cuneiform, the written language of ancient Mesopotamia.
*The script of the Dragon language also bears resemblance to the script on the obelisk in Star Trek's 3rd-season episode entitled Paradise Syndrome.
*The word for thief, tafiir, resembles Taffer, a word that appears in the "Thief" series.
*In , hostile dragons encountered in the wild will sometimes taunt the player in the Dragon language.
*"Dovahsebrom" translates to "Dragon of the North."
*Miraak uses a special four-word phrase to consume the souls of dragons ("zii los dii du" - literally "spirit is mine [to] devour"). This is strange, as most phrases or shouts in Dragon language consist of only three words.
*Paarthurnax appears to use the three word phrase "Drem Yol Lok" as a greeting. This translates to "peace/patience fire sky."
*In , the language appears and can be used by the Hero as a skill.
*A roar represents a challenge in the dragon language.
==External links==
*Game Informer - Skyrim's Dragon Shouts, pg 1
*Game Informer - Skyrim's Dragon Shouts, pg 2
*Game Informer - Skyrim's Dragon Shouts
*Game Informer - Translating the Cover
==Appearances==
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==References==
cs:Dračí jazyk
de:Drachensprache
es:Lengua de los dragones
fr:Langage Draconique
it:Lingua dei Draghi
ja:Dragon Language
pl:Dovah-Zul
ru:Драконий язык
uk:Драконяча мова
Category:Culture of Skyrim
Category:Dragons
Category:Languages